^'"^-^^miiwft*. ^/■$^^: ^s^o '^ iMffe WJkMm^ ms^. ' ' 1- 'm: ,'( ■,■/ \r---v f?^^ /■J '^.-a.'s ^^%>fe.%5:;: mm €'^1^ K /» .:?^x«.-. '"^^^-'Mi^'' MM^''-c:'M^^^^$l mm "/;?:S=>"*^ r? :S5:^:.x^.:a, THE ZOOLOGY OF THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. EREBUS & TERROR, UNDER THE COMMAND OF CAPTAIN STli JAMES CLARK ROSS, R.N., F.R.S., n U in X G T H K Y EARS 1839 TO 1843. Hr AUTHOIUTY OF THE LOHltH COMMl^SIOSERU OF THE A HM 1 1! Al.T Y . JOHN HICHAKJ)S()X, .AID, FII.S., kv. JOHN I'.DWAHI) GRAY, Esr>., PhD., F.H.S., &r. VOL. 11. KEPTJLE8, FISHES, CRUSTACEA, INSECTS, MOLLUSCA. 1. O N 1) O N -. K. W. J ANSON, 28, MUSEUM STREET, W.C. M. nccc. X I.l V. -M. T)i .n.'. LS XV. VOL. II. CON T E N T S . Title Pat;e. Contents. Reptiles, by G. U. (Jray, F.R.S., &c., (pp. 1—8), 1815. Conclusion by Albert Guxther, M.A.. M.D., Ph.D., F.Il.S,. V.P.Z.S., Keeper of the Zoological Department of the British Museum, (pp. 9—19), 1875. Fishes, by Sir John Richardson, Kxt.. M.D., F.R.S., &c., (pp. i — viii & 1 — 139), 1811— Is ts. Crustacea, by Ebward J. Miehs, Junior Assistant, Zoological Depxrtmeut, British Museum, (pp. 1—5), 1875. Insects, by Adam White, M.E.S., &c., (p]). 1—21), ls46: and Arthur Gardiner Butler, F.L.S., F.Z.S., &c., (pp. 25—51), 1871. MoLLUscA, by Edgar A. Smith, F.Z.S., Zoological Department, British Museum, (pp. 1 7), 1S71<. P L A T E S . Reptiles. I— XX. 58:)87 Fishes. I— LX. Crustacea. I — IV. Insects. I — X. Mollusca. I— IV. REPTILES. I. — THE REPTILES OF AUSTRALIA. Dr. Sham-, in.the Appendix to White's 'Journal of a Voyage to New South Wales,' in 1790, first describefl and figured some of the Reptiles observed by White in New Holland. Some of the specimens he brought home hav- ing been placed in the collection of the British Museum, were more systematically described by the same naturalist in his 'General Zoology,' and his work on the Animals of New Holland. Lacepede, in the 'Annales du Museum,' (iv. 18), described several Reptiles from the same country, and redescribed several of those which had been already noticed by Shaw and White. Capt. Flinders, in his 'Voyage to Terra Australis,' 1814, mentions the occurrence of two kinds of Turtles [Chelo- nia) one on the north coast of New Holland (ii. 154), and the other on the east coast (ii. 382). Peron and liCsueur, during their voyage with Captain Baudin on the coasts of Australia, collected many specimens of this class of animals, which were deposited in the Museum of the Garden of Plants, and a few of which were noticed by Oppel in preparing the Reptile part of Cuvier's ' Regne Animal.' Others have been described by Messrs. Duine- ril and Bibron, in their ' Erpetologie Generale,' now in the course of publication. Some others were described by me during my visit to Paris, when I was preparing the Synopsis of Reptiles, which appeared in Griffith's translation of Cuvier's ' Animal Kingdom,' which must only be considered as an abstract of the notes prepared for my ' Synopsis Reptilium.' In the Appendix to Capt. Philip Parker King's ' Voyages in Australia,' 1 described some new species discovered by that navigator, especially the very curious Frilled Lizard, which is figured in that work. From time to time, as spe- cimens from that country have been kindly presented to the Museum by different collectors, as my late friend Allan Cunningham, Mrs. Joseph Wright, and others, I have described the specimens in the ' Proceedings of the Zoological Society,' and other scientific periodical publications. In the Appendix to His Excellency Ca])t. George Grey's Australia, I attempted to bring together these scattered materials, and formed a list of the different species which had been described as coming from Australia, adding to it descriptions and figures of the new Australian species, chiefly sent home by Governor Grey and Mr. Gilbert, from the west coast, then in our collection ; and since that time 1 have, in my ' Zoological Miscellany,' described several additional species, which have, in the mean time, been sent to England from the north coast of Australia by Mr. Gil- bert, who is employed by Mr. Gould to collect specimens for him in different parts of that continent. In the Zoology of the Voyages of the French ships, 1' Uranie, la Coquille and 1' Astrolabe, some Australian Reptiles have been figured and described by MM. Quoy and Gaimard and M. Lesson ; but unfortunately, though the descrip- tions of the specimens are long and apparently full, yet they are so general, and the figures of the species, though good for artistic effect, are so destitute of scientific detail, that it is often impossible to determine which of the Aus- tralian species they are intended to represent ; and the specimens from whence they were described, do not appear to be in the collection of the French Museum, for MM. Dumeril and Bibron do not refer to them in their work. In the Appendix to Dr. Dieffenbach's New Zealand, I described the Reptiles he had brought from those islands ; Mr. Bell, in the ' Zoology of the Beagle,' has described and figured another species from the same country, which was brought home by my friend, Mr. Darwin : and another species has since been discovered by my nephew, Lieut. Alexander Smith, R.N., who accompanied the Antarctic Expedition. Order I. Lizards, (Sauria). Mouth not dilatable. Jaws toothed. Tlie lower jaw- bones being united by a bony suture in front. Eye with distinct eyelids. Drum of the ears generally distinct, exposed. Nostrils lateral, nasal cavities separated by a long cavity. Limbs 4, distinct, rarely in such a rudimen- tary state "as to be hidden under the skin. Toes generally distinct, clawed, for walking or climbing. Body elongate, rounded, covered with imbricate granular scales. Ribs distinct, mobile, and with a distinct sternum. Tail elon- gate, tapering, rarely prehensile, generally covered with whorls of scales. Egg with a hard skin. Young not un- dergoing any metamorphosis. The Grtphf, containing the Ichthyosauri, Plesiomiiri, the recently discovered Rhtjncosauri, and other Lizard- like fossils of the lias and new red sandstone, which have nearly the same formation of the skull, the pendant ear- bones &c. of the Saurias, are easily distinguished from them by their doubly cupped vertebrae and usually paddle- like feet, like Cetacea amongst Mammalia. Sect. I. Sqcamata. Body covered with overlapping or granular scales. Nostrils lateral. The skull formed of separate bones. The nasal cavities separated by a bony septum. The ear- bone external, pendent, and only articulated to the skull. Tongue free, elongate, nicked at the tip, often entire. The lungs free in the cavity of the thorax. The vent a linear cross slit. The male organ and vagina forked. Vertebrae with a convex surface fitting into a concave surface in the preceding joint. Oviparous, rarely viviparous. The eggs when deposited covered with a more or less coriaceous shell. Sub-order L Leptogloss.e. Tribe L Cyclosaura. Scales of the belly square (very rarely rhombic, keeled), in cross bands, of the back and tail rhombic, imbricate, or cir- cular and subgranular, placed in cross rings, of the sides generally granular, rarely like the back. Tongue elongate, flattened, base sometimes sheathed, generally free, only attached to the gullet by a long frenum, with two elongate cylindrical homy tips. Tail elongate, with whorls of scales, generally conical, tapering, sometimes compressed, with two elevated crests above. Family. Monitorid.e. Head with minute polygonal shields. Teeth adnate to the inner side of the jaws. Tongue elongate, slender, re- tractile into a sheath at its base. Scales small, roundish, placed in cross rings, those of the sides like those of the neck. Legs 4, strong. Toes 5-5, compressed, subequal. Thighs poreless. Superorbital plate bony. Old World, near water. The species of this family are confined exclusively to the Eastern Worid and Australasia. Of the twenty-two species described in the Catalogue of the Lizards in the British Museum, the last complete work on the species of Reptiles that has appeared, six are peculiar to Australia, eleven are found in India, Borneo and New Guinea, and five in Africa. 1. Tail round without any keel above. Terrestrae. Odatria, Gray. Nostrils ovate, longitudinal, subanterior. Teeth com- pressed, acute. Tail elongate, round, not keeled above. Scales large, sharply keeled, subspinose. Back with elon- gate, narrow, keeled scales. Ventral shield elongate. Toes rather unequal, elongate. This genus is easily known from the terrestrial Monitors of Africa, by the larger size and keeled form of the caudal scales. Besides the Australian species, there is one, O. Timor- en-tis, from the Island of Timor, first described by me in Griffith's Animal Kingdom, ix. 36. The Dotted Odatria. Odatria punctata. Plate I. Odatria punctata, Gray, Ann. N. H. ii. 394. Grey's Trav. Aiisfr. ii. 422. Cat Rept. B. M. 7. Monitor tristis, Schleyel, Abbild. 73. Grey olive, with narrow, black, reticulated lines, bearing large hexagonal spots; head, limbs and tail blackish, with a few pale spots, dark-banded; ventral shield twice as long as broad ; tail round; scales over the eye small, granular; male ? with a tuft of conical spine-like scales on each side of the vent. The young is blackish, with cross rings of white spots ; head closely white speckled ; limbs white dotted. Very young grey, with numerous narrow dark cross bands. Inhabits West Australia and Port Essington. The Eyed Odatria. Odatria ocellata. Plate 2. Odatria ocellata. Gray, Cat. Rept. B. M. 8. Black, with rather large yellow rings ; limbs and tail yellow-spotted ; tail round ; scales of the tail broad, oval, spinose; scales over the eyes small, granular; ventral shields twice as long as broad. Inhabits N.W. coast of Australia. Benjamin Bynoe, Esq., R.N. Like O. punctata, but the scales of the back, and the spinose scales of the tail are much larger. The scales of the back are bluntly keeled, of the tail square, nearly as broad as long, shaqjly and strongly keeled, spinose; in O. punctata they are nearly twice as long as broad, and only subspinose. 2. Tail triangular, compressed, and with a doubly toothed crest above. Nostril small, round. Monitor, Gray. Polydaedalus, Wagler. Uaranus, Fitz. Nostrils small, round, in the middle between the apex of the muzzle and the front angle of the eye. Tail elon- gate, compressed, with a double-edged keel above. Toes elongate, unequal, strong. Teeth rounded. Gould's Monitor. Monitor Gouldii. Plate 3. Monitor Gouldii, Schlegel. Gray, Cat. Rept. B. M. 12. Hydrosaurus Gouldii, Gray, Ann. N. H. i. 394. Grey's Trar. Austr. ii. 422. With 2 yellow streaks on the side of the neck ; scales over the eyes small, granular, of forehead larger; ventral shields small, longer than broad. Inhab. Western and North-western coast of Australia. Hydrosacrus, Wagler. Tupinambis, part, Fitz. Nostrils oblong, longitudinal, near the apex of the muz- zle. Tail elongated, with a double-edged keel above. Toes unequal, elongate. Teeth compressed, shai-p-edged, denticulated. This genus is divided into two sections; some have the scales over the orbit small and equal, others have a series of larger ones in the middle of the small ones. All the Australian species belong to the former division. The second section contains two species ; one, M. bivUtutus, found in India, Borneo and the Philippines, the other, M. prasinus, at New Guinea. * Scales over the orlit equal. Neck with lunate hands. The Lace Lizard. Hydrosaurus rarius. Lacerta varia, Shaw, White's Journ. N. S. W. 246, t. 3, / 2. Nat. Misc. iii. /. 83. Uaranus varius, Merrem, Tent. 58. Dum. et Bib. E. G. iii. 491. Gray, King's Voy. ii. 427. Tupinambis variegatus, Baud. Rept. iii. 76. Kuhl, Beytr. 125. Hydrosaurus varius, Wagler, Syst. 164. Gray, Ann. N. //.i.'394. Cat. Rept. B. M. 12. Grey, with black cross bands, which are lunated over the nape ; scales of the orbit very small, equal. Inhab. New Holland. Bell's Lace Lizard. Hydrosaurus Bellii. Uaranus Bellii, Dum. et Bib. E. G. iii. 493, t. ^b, f. 1. Gray, in Grey's Trav. Austr. ii. 422. Hydrosaurus Bellii, Gray, Cat. Rept. B. M. 13. Pale, body and tail with broad black cross bands; scales of the orbits dilated, equal. Inhab. Austraha ?? This species is only known from a .specimen in Mr. Bell's collection, and one in the Paris Museum. ** Scales of the orbit equal, small. Neck spotted like back. ITie Gigantic Lace Lizard. Hydrosaurus giganteus. Plate 4. Hydrosaurus giganteus. Gray, Cat. Rept. B. M. 13. Brown, back and tail with cross bands of large black- edged white spots; neck and under side of body pale, with large black round reticulations; legs white-spotted ; toes rather short, strong; shields of the head subequal, con- vex, over the orbits very small, granular. Inhab. N. coast of New Holland. The largest species of the genus. The specimen in the British Museum is 78 inches long. It was discovered and described by Capt. Stokes, R.N. Tribe II. Geissosaura. Scales of the belly and (almost always) of the back and sides, rounded, quincuncial, imbricate, fonned of a more or less thick, vascular, bony plate, covered with a thin epi- dermis, often shomng the vessels through it. Sides round- ed, covered with scales like those of the back. Tongue narrow, short, flat, slightly nicked at the end. Head co- vered with regular many-sided shields (rather scale-like in [Lialisidtc). Neck not contracted. Body fusiform or subcylindrical. Femoral pores none, (except in Pygopus and Lialis). A. Eyes distinct, exposed. Eyelid rudimentary. Head conical. Fam. Gymnophthalmid^. Nostrils lateral, in a single nasal plate, without any su- pranasal above it. Teeth conical, simple. Palate tooth- less. Tongue scaly, nicked at the tip. Eyes naked. Eye- hds rudimentary, circular, ring-like, and immoveable. Ears distinct. Body fusiform. Limbs 4, weak, unequal. Femoral pores none. Cryptoblephards, Cocleau, Weigmann. Ablepharus, part, Dum. et Bib. Head pyramidical. Frontoparietal plate single. Nos- trils lateral, in a single nasal, supranasal none. Eyelid rudimentary, circular. Ears moderate, open, denticulated in front. Tongue flat, scaly, nicked at the tip. Palate toothless. Body fusiform. Scales smooth, or verv finely and indistinctly grooved. Legs 4. Toes 5-5, unequal, rather comijressed. Tail roundish, tapering, acute. Pre- anal scales in three rows. * Eyelid complete, with a series of larger scales above. The Pete. Cryptoblepharus Boutonii. Scincus plagiocephalus, Peron, Mus. Paris. S. Boutonii, Desjard. Ann. Sci. Nat. xxii. 298. S. arenarius, and S. furcatus, Schlegel, Mus. Leyd. S. aureus, Mus. Paris. Cryptoblepharis Peronii, Coct. Scincoides, i. t. Man Zool. t. Dum. et Bib. E. G. v. 813. C. Leschenaultii, Coct. Scin, i. t. C. Boutonii, Gray, Cat. Rept. B. M. 64. Ablepharus pcecilopleurus, Weiqm. N. Act. N. Cur xv 183, /. 8, / 1. Gray, Ann. N. H. ii. 335. Grey's Trav Austr. ii. 426. Seha, TJies. ii. t. 2,/ 9-10. Tiliqua Buchanani, Gray, Ann. N. H. ii. 291. Olive or bronzed, brown-varied. Scales black-streaked. Eyelid circular, scaly, with the three upper scales larri-est. Ears moderate, suboval, open, simple-edged. Rostral plate very large, triangular. Preanal plates 6 or 7, neariv equal. Inhab. Western Australia, the Isle of France, Timor. ** Eyelid incomplete, no scales between the eye and eyebrow above. The Eyed Pete. Ciyptoblepharus lineo-ocellatus. Plate 5, fig. 1. AblephariLs lineo-ocellatus, Diim. el Bib. v. E. G. 817. Cryptoblepharus lineo-ocellatus, Gray, in Greys Trav. .4ust'r. ii. 427. Cat. Kept. B. M. 65. Back grey or reddish, with 4 series of white-edged black spots, and edged with a pale streak, and a black-edged white streak on each side. Upper lip white. Eyelid cir- cular, covered with small equal scales, without any between the eye and superciliary plates. Rostral plate small, very broad, 6-sided. Frontal plate broader than long. Ears moderate, suboval, with 2 or 3 denticulations in front. Head short. Inhab. Swan River, W. Australia. MoRETHiA, Gray. Head pyvamidical. Frontoparietal shields rough. Nos- tril lateral, in a small shield with a small supranasal above it, and a smaller nasoloreal shield behind it. Eyelid rudi- mentary, circular. Ears moderate, open, denticulated in front. Body fusiform. Scales smooth. Legs 4, weak. Toes 5-5, unequal, rather compressed. Tail roundish, ta- pering, acute. Preanal scales rather larger. This only differs from Cryptoblepharus in the nasal shields. It is as if the nasal shield of that genus was di- vided into three small plates. The MoRETHiA. Morelhia anomalus. Plate 5, fig. 2. Morpethia anomalus. Gray, Cat. Kept. B. M. 65. Olive bronzed, black-spotted; eyelid scales equal ; cars with 3 or 4 small denticulations in front. The young have a dark-edged white streak on the sides. Inhab. Western Australia. Menetia, Gray. Head subquadrate. Muzzle rounded. Rostral plate moderate. Nostril lateral, in an oblong nasal shield ; su- j)ranasal none; frontoparietal shield single, rhombic. Eyes moderate ; pu])il round. Eyelid rudimentary, circular. Ears small, covered with the scales. Body elongate, fusi- form, subcylindrical, rounded on the .sides. Scales smooth. Legs 4, weak. Toes 4-5, slender, rather compressed, une- qual, clawed. Tail cylindrical, tapering. The Menktia. Menetia Greyii. Plate 5, fig. 3. Menetia Greyii, Gray, Cat. liept. B. M. 66. Olive bronzed, with a narrow streak externally edged with a very nanow black line. Inhab. West Australia. I have dedicated this genus to Capt. George Grey, the Governor of South Australia, who has exerted himself to make us aciiuaiiited with the animals of the Australian continunt. Miculia, Gray. Head conical. Muzzle rounded. Rostral plate rather larger, with a straight edge behind. Nostrils lateral in the middle of 2 transverse nasal scales, edging the back of the rostral ; supemasal none ; frontoparietal shield double. Eyes moderate; pupil round. Eyelids rudimentary, cir- cular, granular. Ears none visible. Body subcylindrical, roimded on the sides. Scales smooth. Legs 4, weak. Toes 4-4, slender, rather compressed, simple, unequal, clawed, the two middle front subequal, longest, the third hinder very long. Tail cylindrical, tapering. The Miculia. Miculia elegans. Plate 5, fig. 4. Miculia elegans, Gray, Cat. Rept. B. M. 66. Olive, with a dark streak on each side, with a narrow white edge below ; beneath pale whitish ; tail brown-dot- ted ; eyelid interrupted above. Inhab. Western Australia, Mr. Gilbert. b. Head ivedye-shaped. Rostral rather produced. Lerista, Bell. Muzzle rather wedge-shaped. Rostral plate large, bent back on the upj)er and lower part of the muzzle. Nostril lateral, in a large nasal plate; supranasal none. Eyelid rudimentary, circular, granular. Ears distinct, very small. Palate with a slight triangular nick behind. Scales smooth. Tail conical. Legs 4. Toes 2-3, unequal, clawed, subcy- lindrical, simple. Preanal plates 2. "The ear-hole is so small that it was overlooked by Mr. Bell." The Lerista. Lerista lineata. Lerista lineata, Bell, Pr. Z. Soc. 1833, 99. Zool. Journ. v. 393, /. 26, /: 2. Gray, Ann. N. H. ii. 335. Cat. Repl. B. M. 66. Duvi. et Bib. E. G. v. 825. Greenish grey, with 2 black streaks. Inhab. New Holland. Only known from a single specimen in the collection of Mr. Bell. Fam. PvGOPiD.E. Head pyramidical, shielded, short, with 2 or 3 pair of narrow frontal shields, similar to and behind the nasal shield, with 2 large vertebral shields. Nostrils oblong, in a ring-like shield, in the lower angle of the band-like trans- verse nasal, appearing in the suture between the outer an- gle of the nasal, the front loreal shield and the lower labial plates. Throat covered with small scales. Teeth conical simple. Palate toothless, with a broad longitudinal groove. Tongue flat, scaly in front, velvety behind, rounded and nicked at the end. Ears distinct, exposed ; tympanum sunk. Eyelid rudimentary, circular, immoveable, scaly. Body cylindrical, elongate. Ventral shields broad behind, in 2 or 4 series. Tail with 3 series of broader shields, the central broadest. Limbs 2, posterior, rudimentary, undi- vided, scaly, on the sides of the vent. Pygoi'IS, Fitz., Merrcm. Bipes, Cue. Hysteropus, Dum. et Bib. (!) Head short, truncated, rounded. Rostral plate large, with 2 parietal and a pair of occipital plates. Pupil cir- cular. Scales of the back keeled. Ear ovate. Vent with a series of pores in front. Hinder limbs elongate, ovate, compressed, scaly. Tail cylindrical, rather tapering. The PvGOPUS. Pygopus lepidopodus. Pypogus lepidopus, Gray, Cat. Kept. B. 71/. 67. Bipes lepidopodus, Lriccp. Ann. Mus. H. N. iv. 193, •209, t. bb,f. 1. Schinz, Ahhild, t. 42,/. 2. Pygopus lepidopus, Menem, Tent. 77. Hysteropus lep. Bory, Res. Erpet. 142, t. 27, f. 2. H". Nova? Hollandiw, Dum. et Bib. E. G. v. 828, /. 55. Sheltopusik Nova3 Hollandia;, Oppel, Rept. 40. Coppery grey, with 5 series of oblong, 4-sided, while- edged, black spots and some oblique black streaks on the side of the neck ; muzzle with 2 pair of broad transverse frontals, similar in shape to the nasals. Inhabits Australia. The Scaly-faced Pygopus. Pygopus squamiceps. Plate 8, fig. 3. Animal and head. Pygopus squamiceps, Gray, Cat. Rept. B. M. 68. Muzzle with 5 series of frontal jdates ; grey, with a se- ries of small spots on each side. Inhab. W. Australia. I have only seen a single specimen ; it may only prove a monstrosity of the former, with which it agrees in most characters, except those above mentioned. Delma, Gray. Pygodactylus, part, IVeigin. Head elongate, shielded, with 2 pai-ietal and a pair of large occipital shields. Rostral plate transverse, moderate. Eye circular ; pupil elliptical, erect. Ears ovate, open, simple-edged. Body subcylindrical. Tail tapering. Scales smooth. Hinder limbs short, scaly. Vent without any pores in front. Eraser's Delma. Delma Fraseri. Delma Fraseri, Gray, Zool. Misc. 14. Grey's Trav. Aus. ii. 427, t. 4,/. 3. Cat. Rept. B. M. 68. Olive, head white, with 4 more or less confluent black bands ; sides of neck white-spotted, beneath white. Inhab. New Holland. Fani. Aprasiad.e. Nostrils small, in the sutin-e between the top of the front upper labial and the anterior frontal. Head small, half conic, shielded. Muzzle rather produced, acute. Fron- tals large, 2 pair, covering the cheeks. Vertebral shield large, elongated, 6- sided. Superciliary shields 2 pair, small. Labials few, large. Eyelid rudimentary, circular, edged with a series of small scales. Pupil ro\md. Ears hidden under the scales. Body and tail cylindrical, tapering, co- vered with hexagonal scales and rather broader ventral shields. Limbs none. Aprasia, Gray. Limbs none. Scales smooth. By some mistake, the slip containing the description of this genus in uiy Sj-nopsis of Slender-tongued Saurians, [Ann. N. H. ii. 362), accidentally got into tlie wrong place, with Tiliqun, instead of being near Anyuis. The Aprasia. Aprasia pulchella, Grai/, Ann. N. H. ii. 332. Grey's Trav. Austr. ii. 428—438,' t. 4, /'. 2. Cat. Rept. B. M. 68. Pale brown, with a series of brown spots, one spot in the centre of each scale ; sides with the spots more connected, fonning interrupted streaks ; lips yellow. Lihab. Western Australia. Fam. LiALisiD.E. Head covered with rather imbricate scales. Cheeks scaly. Muzzle flattened in front. Nostrils in the hinder edge of a small nasal shield, in front of the face-ridge. Eyelid rudimentary, circular, scaly. Pupil elliptical, erect. Ears distinct. Body elongate, subcylindrical. Scales oval, smooth, imbricate. Belly with 2, tail with 1, series of larger shields. Limbs 2, ]Dosterior, short, undivided, flat, scaly. Tail rather tapering, elongate. Vent with a series of pores in front, each placed in the front edge of a scale. LiALis, Gray. The only genus. Burton's Lialis. Lialis Burtoni, Gray, Proc. Z. Soc. 1834, 134. Grey's Trav. Austr. ii. 437, t. 3, /". 1. Zool. Misc. 52. Cat. Rept. B. M. 69. Dum. et Bib. E. G. v. 831. Above grey olive, in spirits, with 5 rather interrupted brown longitudinal streaks, the central streak divided into two over the nape, and united together again over the nose; the outer lateral streaks narrowest and more interrupted, edged with the two colours ; beneath blackish grey, with large white spots ; lips and streak under ear and along the side of the neck white. Inhab. Western Australia and Houtman's Abrolhos. The Two-lined Ll\lis. Lialis bicatenata. Plate 7, fig. 1. Lialis bicatenata, Gray, Zool. Misc. 52. Cat. Rept. B. M. 69. Above brown grey, in spirits, with a series of distant black spots (one on the centre of each scale) along each side of the back ; top of the head and nape with an indis- tinct double band, forming an elongated loop ; beneath blackl.sh grey, whitish dotted ; chin and throat blackish, white-spotted ; lip-shields brown. Inhab. Western Australia ? May be only a variety of Ij. Burtoni, but very differently coloured. The Dotted Lialls. Lialis pimctulata. Plate 8, fig. 1. Lialis punctulata. Gray, Zool. Misc. 62. Cat. Rent. B. M. 69. Brownish grey, very minutely black-dotted, beneath darker brownish grey, the two colours separated by a very narrow brown edge and a distinct white line; side of the head and neck dark chocolate brown, edged above with a very narrow, and beneath by a broader white band ; front upper and side lower labial plates white, the rest dark brown. Inhab. North Coast of New Holland, Port Essington. The body is much thicker and shorter than in either of the other species ; the tail is reproduced, so that it is not possible to refer to its comparative length. I have seen, but cannot procure to examine, what ap- peared to be a fourth species of this genus, from Australia, with a larger head. B. Eyes dislinct, eyelids dis/iiict, valvular. Head conical. Fam. SciNCiD.'E. Head subquadrangular, regidarly shielded. Rostral plate moderate, erect, sometimes rather produced and transversely keeled. Nostrils lateral in a more or less large nasal shield, with sometimes a su])ranasal over it, between the nasal and internasal. Body fusiform aud subcyhndri- cal. Tail cylindrical or tapering. Scales smooth, keeled, or striated. Limbs 4, more or less strong, sometimes want- ing, or rather hidden under the skin. Femoral pores none. 1. Scales thin, smooth, not striated nor keeled, unarmed. Nasal flat, smooth, without any lunate groove behind the nostril. Tail round, tapering, tinarmed. B. Toes compressed, simple. Head subquadrangular. Rostral erect, triangular. Nostril in the middle of the nasal shield. Lygosomina. a. Supranasal plate none. Body fusiform . Lower eyelid covered with scales. Frontoparietal separate. HiNDLiA, Gray. Lygosoma, part, Dum. et Bib. Le Keneux, part, Cocteau. Frontal plate oblong. Rostral erect, triangular. Palate toothless, with a deep triangular notch in front. Body fu- siform. Scales smooth, thin ; the 2 central preanal scales larger than the rest. Tail tapering, roundish. Legs mo- derate. Toes 5-5, slender, compressed. Heel of the hind feet suiTounded with granules. * Ears simple in front, roundish. Geruard's Hinulia. Hinulia Gerrardii. Plate 9. Hinulia Gerrardii, Gray, Cat. Rept. B. M. 75. Silvery grey (when dry), with a broad irregular brown band across the back of the neck, with a streak to the occiput, and a broader one to each fore leg; body with 6, tail with 12 or 14 broad crescent-like cross brown bands, which are spotted with grey when they cross the side ; limbs with brownish streaks ; head brown above, head- shields black-edged, with a brown streak on the temple, towards the ear ; chin white, brown-lined, belly brown- spotted ; ear open, simple in front, partly covered by the temple-scales ; supraocular plates 3-3, nasal nearly conti- guous, frontoi^arietal contiguous. Length 14 inches. Inhab. Australia. The Elegant Hinulia. Hinulia elegans. Plate 10, fig. 1. Hinulia elegans. Gray, Cat. Rept. B. M. 75. Pale brown, back varied with black spots, more close, forming an irregular broad dark streak on the upper part of each side, beneath whitish ; chin varied with black ; lips and limbs blackish varied; nasal and frontonasal near- ly contiguous ; ears ovate, open, simple-edged. Inhab. New Holland. The Swan River Hinulia. Hinulia Greyii. Plate 10, fig. 2. Hinulia Greyii, Gray, Cat. Rept. B. M. 75. Olive, black-varied, with a dark-edged yellow streak on each side of the back ; sides black-spotted, with a yellow streak below; legs brown-streaked; lip-shields black- edged ; ears oblong, smooth-edged ; frontal triangular, elongate, frontonasal contiguous, frontoparietal and pa- rietal small, similar ; body thick, fusiform. Inhab. Swan River. Named in honour of Capt. George Grey, the Governor of South Australia, who discovered the species. The Slender Hinulia. Hinulia tenuis. Plate 10, fig. 3. Tiliqua tenuis, Gray, Griffith, A. K. ii. 71. Ann. N. H. ii. 291. Scincus erucatus, Peron, Mus. Paris. Lygosoma erucata, Dum. et Bib. E. G. v. 726. Keneux de Busseuil, Coct. Tab. Hinulia tenuis. Gray, Cat. Rept. B. M. 76. Pale brown, varied, with an irregulai'-edged brown streak on each side ; scales in 8 series ; feet long, toes very slender ; muzzle rather short ; supraocular shields 4 ; ears round, open, simple-edged ; nostrils lateral, nasal triangu- lar, frontonasal nearly contiguous; tail elongate, rather compressed. Var. with sides white-speckled. Inhab. W. Australia, Swan River. The Bronzed Hinulia. Hinulia inornata. Plate 10, fig. 4. llimdia inornata, Gray, Cat. Rept. B. M. 76. Pale nearly uniform brown bronze above, back wdth a rather nairow bright yellow rather darker-edged streak on each side ; the sides pale, with an indistinct yellow streak on the lower part of each, both streaks extending along the side of the tail ; chin and beneath whitish, with rather darker edges to the sides ; ears oblong, with 4 or 5 small compressed yellow scales in front. Inhab. Swan River. The LiNEATED HiNULiA. Iliiiulia twniolala. Hiniilia tseniolata, Gray, Cat. Rept. B. M. 78. Lacerta tajiiiolata, Shaw, White's Jour. N. H. t. 32,/. 1. Gray, Griffith, A. K. ix. 68. Ann. N. H. ii. 289. Dum. ct Bib. E. G. V. 734. Scincus undecim-striatus, Kuhl, Beytr. 129. S. octolineatus, Daud. Rept. iv. 285. S. muUilineatiis, Lesson, Voy. Coq. t. 3,/. 2. Keneux de Lesueur, Coat. Tab. Brown or black, with 6 white streaks, continued and margining the shields of the head ; sides brown, with 2 white streaks ; tail pale, with 3 tapering streaks ; nasals contiguous ; scales of the back in 4 series ; ears denticu- lated in front ; frontonasal plates contiguous. Inhab. Australia. In the British Museum there is the specimen first de- scribed by Dr. Shaw, which was brought by Capt. White. White's Hinulia. Hinulia Whitei. Plate 11, fig. 1. Hinulia Whitei, Gray, Cat. Rept. B. M. 79. Scincus Whitei, Lacep. Ann. Mas. iv. 192. S. ocellatus, and S. Lewisiensis, Peron, Miis. Paris. S. tseniolatus quadrilineatus, Merrem, Tent. 72. S. moniliger, Valenc. Mus. Par. Lygosoma moniligera, Dtim. et Bib. E. G. v. 736. Keneux de White, Coct. Tab. Tiliqua leucopsis. Gray, Ann. N. H. ii. 291. Pale olive, back with a central pale streak, and a regular white-spotted black streak on each side ; sides white-spot- ted; eyelid and ear-lobes white; lips black-varied; scales of the back as long as broad, in 8 series ; nasal plates con- tiguous ; ears strongly denticulated in front; frontonasal plates contiguous. Inhab. Houtman's Abrolhos. Var. 1. Dorsal streaks each with 2 rows of linear white specks. Inhab. Swan River. A stuffed specimen has a central reddish streak on the back. The New Zealand Hinulia. Hinulia ornata. Plate II, fig. 2. Hinulia ornata, Gray, Cat. Rept. B. M. 77. Tiliqua ornata. Gray, Dieff. N. Z. ii. 202. Bright pale brown, varied with black and white spots ; sides with an irregular narrow pale streak above ; scales with short black streaks, some black on each side, white in the centre ; ears moderate, roundish, simple-edged. Brown, with black and white spots. Brown, with 3 blackish streaks, sides blackish, edged above and below with an irregular edged pale line. Inhab. N. Zealand. ** Ears denticulated in front. t Scales moderate, in 4 series. Laijillakdiere's Hinulia. Hinulia Labillardieri. Plate 11, fig. 3. Hinulia Labillardieri, Gra>i, Cat. Rept. B. M. 77. Keneux do I.abillardiere, Coct. Tab. Tiliqua Labillardieri, Gray, Ann. N. II. ii. 289. Dum. et Bib. E. G. v. 734. Bronze green, speckled or lined with black ; sides black, white-dotted, and with 2 white streaks; nasals rhombic, large, nearly contiguous, frontonasal plates separate ; ears ovate, slightly denticulated in front; scales of the back large, in 4 series. Young, in spirits. Bronze green, with a scries of round white spots in the black on the sides of the back. Inhab. W. Australia. The Australian Hinulia. Hinulia australis. Plate 11, fig. 4. Hinulia australis. Gray, Cat. Rept. B. M. 78. Tiliqua australis. Gray, Ann. N. H. ii. 291. Lygosoma Lesueurii, Bum. et Bib. E. G. v. 733. Gray, Grey's Trav. Atistr. ii. 425. Pale brown, with a central white-edged brown streak ; sides black, with a narrow white streak above, a series of oblong white spots, as if formed of an interrupted streak, and a rather wide indistinct pale streak below ; ears half- ovate, with 4 strong teeth in front ; temple white, brown- spotted ; scales of the back in 4 series. Var. I. Back pale, with a while-edged central streak. Back with several white-edged streaks. Inhab. Houtman's Abrolhos. Mr. Goidd's collection. Var. 2. Back brown, without a streak. Inhab. W. Australia and Port Essington. Gilbert's Hinulia. Hinulia Essingtonii. Plate 7, fig. 2. Hinulia Essingtonii, Gray, Cat. Rept. B. M. 78. Tiliqua Essingtonii, Gray, Zool. Misc. 51. Pale brown, nape with 3 indistinct black streaks, with a very distinct narrow broadly black-edged silvery streak fi-om the back angle of the eye to over the base of the tail, and with a broader more indistinct streak from the front to the hinder legs; sides of throat brown, white-spotted; chin, under side of limbs and beneath, yellow ; tail elongate, brown, with 2 narrow black streaks on each side ; limbs brown, with 3 indistinct black-dotted fines ; ears large, with 3 small scales on the front edge. Inhab. Port Essington, North coast of Australia. Like the preceding, but it has no white-edged central streak, and the lateral streak has indications of a white border to its upper edge. b. Supraiiaml plate none. Body fusiform. Loiver eyelid with a transparent disk. MocoA, Gray. Lygosoma, part, Dum. et Bib. Head subquadrangular. Rostral erect, triangular, con- vex. Nasal lateral, nearly contiguous, supranasal none, frontoparietal separate or united into one. Palate tooth- less, nicked behind. Ears oblong, slightly denticulated in front; tympanum deep. Lower eyelid with a central transparent disk. Chin with several pairs of large shields. Body fusiform. Scales smooth, with 3 or 4 black streaks. Limbs 4, strong. Toes 5-5, com|)ressed, unequal. Tail round, tapering, unarmed. Central preanal scales rather larger than the others. * Fronto-parietal plate single, lozenge-shaped. t Scales of the back moderate, in 6 series. Guichenot's Moco. Mocoa Guichenoti. Plate 7, fig. 3. Mocoa Guiclienoti, Cat. Kept. B. M. 80. Lygosoma Guichenoti, Dum. et Bib. E. G. v. 713. Gray, Grey's Trav. Austr. ii. 425. Bronze green, with a blackish streak on each side ; scales of the neck moderate ; frontoparietal ])late single, larger, elongate, lozenge-sha])ed, frontal triangular, equal- sided ; nasal plate small, quite lateral, internasal broad, truncated in front; ear large, nearly circular, open, simple- edged in front ; two of the four scales of the last preanal series larger than the rest. Inhab. King George's Sound. There is, in the British Museum, a specimen of this spe- cies which was sent from Paris by M. Bibron, under the name of Scincus Duperreyii, the name which he has ap- plied to the next species in his work. The same kind of error is observable in the other specimen sent at the same time. I should not have observed this mistake, if it did not explain some of the en'ors into which he has accused me of falling, such as considering his Scincus Vosmaeri the same as my Hagria, (see Erp. Gen. v. 762) ; my genus and species being absolutely described from his specimen so named, lent to mo for the purpose by M. Bibron ! The Nr:w Holland Moco. Mocoa trilincata. Plate 7, fig. 4. Mocoa trilincata, Gray, Cat. Repi. B. M. 81. Tiliqua trilincata. Gray, Ann. N. H. ii. 29L Lygosoma Duperreyii, Dum. et Bib. E. G. v. 715. Olive, black-spotted, with a pale streak on each side, sides blackish, white-dotted; ears moderate, oval, front edge covered with 2 scales ; nasal lateral, nearly contigu- ous, frontojiarietal plate single, lozenge-shaped, frontal rhombic, short and blunt before, long and acute behind. Var. 1. Olive, scales of the back and sides black-edged, nut spotted. Var. 2. Olive, black and white spotted, sides blackish, white-dotted. Inhab. S. Australia. tt Scales of the back small, in 8 or 10 series. The Black-chinned Moco. Mocoa melanopogon. Plate 7, fig. 5. Mocoa melanopogon, Gray, Cat. Rept. B. M. SO. Olive, varied with black, and with 2 or 3 white streaks in some of the scales ; side of the head and neck black, with a white streak under the eyes from the back edge of the ear; chin and throat black, with a central white spot on each scale, beneath silvery ; nasal lateral, frontonasal contiguous ; scales of the back rather small, in 8 or 10 se- ries, of the sides smaller ; disk of lower eyelid very large. Inhab. Port Essington. ttt Scales of the back very small, in numerous series. The Eyed Moco. Mocoa ocellata. Plate 7, fig. 1. Mocoa ocellata, Gray, Cat. Rept. B. M. 81. Olive, varied with numerous sometimes confluent black dots, forming rings on the sides, beneath whitish ; scales very small, in many series ; nasal rhombic, lateral ; disk of lower eyelid large. Inliab. Australia. ** Interparietal plates 2, separate. t Ear ovate, partly covered with the scales above. Entrecasteaux's Moco. Mocoa Entrecasteauxii. Plate 7, fig. 2. Mocoa Entrecasteaxii, Gray, Cat. B. M. 82. Lygosoma Entrecasteauxii, Dum. et Bib. E. G. v. 717. Olive, back with a broad blackish central streak, some- times with series of spots on the side, sides blackish, with 2 narrow white streaks ; nasal plates small, nearly conti- guous; temple covered with large scales; transparent disk of the lower eyelid very large ; ears moderately open, near- ly equal ; frontoparietal plate double, frontonasal nearly contiguous. Inhab. Australia. The MoKo MoKo. Mocoa Zelandica. Plate 7, fig. 3. ] ]\Iocoa Zelandica, Grai/, Cat. Rept. B. M. 82. Tiliqua Zelandica, Gray, Dieff. N. Z. ii. 202. Tiliqua Moko, Gray, MSS. Dum. et Bib. E. G. v. 718. Pale brown, bronzed, with 2 narrow black-edged bright streaks on each side, the lower one continued down the front of the legs ; sides blackish ; the ironlonasal nearly contiguous, frontoparietal separate, similar to the parietal, nasal nearly contiguous ; ears moderate, nearly circular, sinqile-edged ; preanal scales nearly equal, larger ; ])alpe- bral disk moderate. Inhab. Cook's Straits, New Zealand, Bay of Islands. J .List of the Saurians of Australia and New Zealand. By Albert Gunther, M.A., M.D., PhD., F.R.S., A'.P.Z.S., Keeper of the Zoological Department of the British 3Iuseuni. I\ tliH year 184."!, wlic-n tlie ]iulilicatiiin of the Zoology of the " Erelms and Terror" was discontinued, Dr. dray had already prepared some of tlie materials for the second part of the account of the Reptiles, and the j)lates intended for it had been drawn on stone and the majority of them printed. These plates remained unpublished until the year 18(>7, when, considering it a pity that work so beautifully executed and so useful to the Herpetologist should be lost, he determined to render them accessible by publishing them as a collection of figures of Australian Lizards. Thus, then, appeared a fasciculus under the title "The Lizards of Australia and New Zealand in the collection of the British Museum," consisting of a nominal list and eighteen plates. Of these plates, plates 7, 10, 11, and 15 to 19 had not Vieeti previously publislied; the others had already appeared in the Zoology of the "Erebus and Terror," with the exception of plates 5 and 6, of which proofs only had been printed, the drawings having been afterwards inadvertently effaced by the lithographic printer. Having fortunately discovered the proofs of these two plates, with the figures named in Dr. CJray's handwriting, in a collection of miscellaneous drawings given to me by him, I induced the publisher of the present edition to have them re-lithographed by Mr. Ford (the same artist who had drawn the originals), as the figures had been referred to by Dr. Gray in the preceeding pages as well as in the "Catalogue of Lizards." Thus I believe, all the figiiic^; of Reptiles executed for the "Zoology of the Erebus and TeiTor," are now before the public. After the lapse of nearly thirty years, there were serious difficulties in the way of simply continuing the letterpres.< as originally planned and abruptly terminated on p. 8, and it was finally determined to give a complete list of all tin- species of Australian and New Zealand Saurians at present known, with references to the principal works and figures and indications of their habitats. Descriptions of a few new species lately received by the British Museum have been added. CROCODILIA. LACERTILIA. 1. Ckocodilus porosus. Vvrvmdf C'rorodilus porosus, (Schneid.), Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind p. 6-2. C^hieensland. Odatri.v punctata. Plate 1. 2. Ckocodilus johnstoxi. Odatria punctata, Gray, Catal. Liz. p. 7. Northern and Western Australia. (Port Essiugton Perth). Crocodilm jolimtoni, Krefft, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1873, p. .334; Gray, f ^V^, 1«74 p. 177, pi 27. 5 Odatria semireme. Lardwell, Rockingham Bay. RHYNCHOCEPHALIA. Hattekia punctata. Plate 20. Odatria semireme, Peters, Berl. Monatsljer. ISiJO. p. 6." Port Essington, Cape York. 6. Odatria ocell.\ta. Plate 2. Hatteria punctata. Gray, Zool. Misc. p. 72 ; Giinth, Pliil. Trans. 1867, pp. 595—629; pis. 26—28. Odatria ordlata. Gray, Catal. Liz. p. 8. New Zealand (North Island). Northern and Western Australia. (Nicol Bay). 7. Monitor gouldii. Plate 3. .Uonitor gouldi'i, Gray, Catal. Liz. p. 12. Queensland ; Northern and Western Australia, (Port l*J5.sington, Shark's Bay) ; Adelaide. 8. Monitor chlorostigma. Monitor Morostiyimt, Schleg. Abbild. neu. Amphib. pi. :>■>. fig. 6 (head). ( elebes, Ceram, Borneo, Solomon Island, Cape York. 9. Hydrosaurus varius. Jfydrosav.rus varius, Gray, Catal. Liz. p. 12. Australia. 15. Menetia greyii. Plate 5, fig. 4. Menetia greyii. Gray, Catal. Liz. ]>. 66. Western and Southern Au.stralia, (Adelaide). 16. MiCULlA ELEGANS. Plate 5, tig. 3 Mieidia elegans, Gray, Catal. Liz. pi. 66. Western Australia. 17. Lerista lineata. Lerista lineata, Bell, Zool. Journ. V. p. oL'.'l, tab. 2(1. fig. ; Dum. & Bibr. Erp. gen. V. p. 82.5. Plastern and Western Australia. (Swan IJiver). 10. Hydrosaurus bellii. Hydrosaurus hellii, Dum. & Bibr. Erp. (Jt'iier. IH, p. 49o, ])1. 35, lig. 1 ; Gray, in Grey, Trav. Austr. II, p. 422. North-eastern Australia. 11. Hydrosaurus giganteus. Plate 4. Ilyilriisaiirus (jigantcws, Gray, Catal. Liz. p. 13. Xortliern and Southern Australia. PYGOPODID/E. 18. Pygopus lepidopus. Plate 8, hg. 3. Pygopus lepidopjis, (Lact^p.), Giinth. Ann. & ]\lag. Nat. Hist. 1867, XX, ip. 4:5.=ITysteropus nova-, hollandkr, Dum. & Bibr. V. p. 828, pi. 55. = Pygopu.s squamicfps, (uay, (at. Liz. p. 68. Western, Southern and Eastern Australia. Pare in Tasmania. CJymxopthalmid.e. 19. Pygopus gracilis. Ckvptoblepharus pcecilopleukus. Plate 5, fig. 2. Pygopus gracilis, (Mus. lMgA)^Plethola,i: grariJix, Cojie, , , I'roc. Ac. N. Sc. Pliilad. 1874, p. 229. Acad. r, ,, , . ^ ,• ^ Cn/ntoUrpharus pacilopleitrus, Wiegm. Nov. Act. Acad. ,, ,, ' ' ' ' . \ ' . Leo,,. XV. 1835, p. 202, tab. 18, fig. 1 ; Giinth. Proc. ^outh-westem Austn ('. Leop. XV. 1835, p. 202, tab. 18, fig. Zool. Soc. 1874, p. 296. South Sea Islands ; Northern, Western and Southern Australia. (Adelaide, Swan Paver). 13. CKYI'TmBLEPHAIU'S lineo-ocei.latus. Cryptohlepharus lineo-occllatus, CJray, in Grey's Trav Austr. II, p. 427. Swan Eiver ; Kangaroo Island. 14. MoRETHiA anomala. Plate "), fig. 1. .Vorr/Iu'n inioniida. Gray, Catal. Liz. p. 65. Kastciii, Woiciu and Southern Australia. (Adelaide, Sam 111 I list, ilnckhauipton). Tliis lizard difiers in nothing from Cryptohlrpharus Aj^rasia piihJiella, Gv^y, in (ivey's Trav. in Austral. 11, //.r,wW/../,/,s, except in having the supranasal separated by' p. 438, tab. 4, fig. 2 ; Giinth. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1873, a suture Irom the nasal ; and it appears to me very doubt- Aug. p. 14:5.=Aprasia odolinenta, Peters, MB. Berl. Acad, lul whether the presence or absence of a supranasal can be 18(33 p. 233. 20. Delma eraseri. Ihlraa fraseri, Gray, in (irey's Trav. in Austral. H. p. 427, taV). 4, fig. 3 ; Giinth. Ann! Mag. Nat. Hist. ls7:i._[., \4:5.=DelmM grayi, Smith, 111. Zool. S. Afr. Pept. jil. TH. fig. '2. = Dclma inolleri, Liitken, Nat. Foren. A'id. ^Icild. 1862. AVestern and Southern Australia, (Perth, Chuiniiiou ISav, Nicol Bay, Adelaide). Aprasiid^e. 21. ApRASIA ITLCHELLA. il.ways used as a generic character. Western and Southern Australia, (Swau River, Adelaide). * In the original proof of this j.latp the nainrs iittaehi'il bv'Dr tor rr hn,^.„cr/l„lMs, but it i.s «ith„ut any .ioul.t tnk.M, from u already in his huuUs. i-identlv confuse,! ; i-hicl, Jt the tin,.- pears to have inteniled fii;. "J I-IAUn.-K. 22. LiALis BVUTONi. Plate 8, fig. 2. Lialis hurtonii. Gray in Grey's Jouin. in Austral. II, p. 437, tab. 3, fig. 1, tab. 5, fig. 4. ' Western Australia, (Houtman's Abrolhos, Champion Bay, Swan River). 22a. Li..\.lis leptokiiyncha. Lialk Ici/torhi/nchfr, Peters, MB. Berlin Acad. 1873, p. 605. Port Mackav. 23. Lialis pu.n'ctul.vta. Plate 8, fig. 1. Lialis 2ntnctidata, Gray, Zool. Misc. p. 52, & Cat. Liz. p. l>9 ; Giinth. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1867, XX, p. 46 ; Dum. Cat. Eept. 1851, p. 195.= Lialis bicatenata, Gray, Zool. Misc. p. 52, & Cat. Liz. p. 69. Eastern, Xorthern and Western Australia, (Sydney, ( "ape York, Port Essington). SCINCID^. 24. Hinulia gerrakdi. Plate 9. Hinulio (jermrdi. Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 'tb,=Hcm.isphmrio~ iio» (jcrrardi, Peters, MB. Berl. Acad. 1867, p. 23. (Queensland, (Eockhampton, Clarence River). 2.".. HiNULiA tenuis. Plate 10, fig. 1 & Plate 11, fig. .3. Hiiiiiliii (eauis, Gray in Griff. Ann. Kingd. IX, p. 71, & ("at. Liz. p. 7G;=Li/gosoma criicata, Dum. Bibr. Erp. Gen. V. p. 726 ■,=Hinulia elerjans, Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 76. (Plate 10, fig. 1, JI. ekgans; and plate 11, fig. 3, H. tenvAs). Eastern and Western Australia, (Sydney, Clarence River, Nicol Bay). 26. HixuuA GASTEO.'STiCTA, Giiuth. Allied to H. degam, but with much smaller scales which form from 38 to 41 longitudinal series round the body, there being 82 scales in a series between the chin and vent. The anterior and posterior froutals and the vertical meet in a point. Ear-ojjening veiy wide, ovate, without lobed margin. Tail compressed. A narrow whitish band runs from the supraciliary along each side of the back, disappearing about the middle of the trunk. Upper parts greenish-olive, vnxh scattered black specks of the size of a scale irregularly arranged. Sides of the trunk lilack, with white specks; sides of the tail black-spotted. Lower parts wliitish, with more or less numerous black spots longitu- dinally arranged. Four specimens from Kangaroo Island, 1 1 inches long. Distance of snout from vent 93 mm. „ ear • 20 „ Lengtii of fore leg 28 „ third and fourth fingers 8 „ hind leg 43 „ tliird toe 9 „ „ fourth toe 15 „ fifth toe 8 „ 27. HlNTLIA I.AIilLLARDIEKI. Plate 1 0, fig. 3, (/T. (^fyitj. Hinulia labillardieri (Coot.), = Tiliqua lahiUardieTi, (iray, Ann. Nat. Hist. II, p. 289,= Lygosoma labillardieri, Dum. Bibr. Erp. gen. \. p. 7Sl,=JIinvlia labillardieri, (iray, Cat. Liz. p. 77, = Hinulia grei/ii. Gray, I.e. p. 76. Eastern and Western Australia, (Kiug tieorge's Sound, Swan River). 28. Hinulia hra.nchialis. HiiuiUa hranchiidis, Gltnth. Ann. & -Mag. Nat. Hist. 18ii7, XX, J). 47. Western Australia, (Chanij>ion Bay). 29. Hinulia fasciolata. Hinulia fasciolata, Giinth, Ann. & ^lag. Nat. Hist. 1867, XX, p. 47. Queensland, (Rockhamptou, Port Curtis). 30. Hinulia striatula. Hinulia striattda, Steindachner, Novara, Eej)t. p. 49, {Euprepes striatulus). New South Wales and Western Australia, (Sundav Island). 31. Hinulia orn.\t.\. Plate 11, fig. 1. Hinulia ornata. Gray, in Dieffenb. N. Z. II, p. 201. {Tiliqua) ; and Cat. Liz. p. 77. New Zealand. 32. Hinulia scho.mburgki. Himdia schomburgki, Peters, MB. Berl. Acad. 1873, p. 231, (Lygosoma). Soutli Australia, (Adelaide). 33. HiNULU AUSTR.U,I3. Himdia australis. Gray, Ann. Nat. Hist. II, p. 291, {Tiliqiui), and Cat. Liz. p. 77,= Lygosoma lesv.curii, Dum. Bibr. Erp. gen. V. p. 733. Western and Southern Australia, (Port Essington, Houtmau's Abrolhos, Adelaide). 12 34. Hjntlia essingtoni. ffinulia essingtonii, Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 78. Nortli Australia, (Port Essington). 35. HiNULiA iNOUXAT.v. Plate 10, fig. 2. ffinulia inornat'!,,' Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 78. Northern anil Western Australia, (Cape York, Swan Eiver). This species is not always so plainly coloured as the typical specimen ; but generally it is ornamented with black, white edged bands, similar in arrangement to those of ff. australis. It may be considered a variety of this lat- ter species, but with somewhat smaller and more numerous scales which form 30, and in one specimen even 34 longi- tudinal series round the body, whilst in the true H. australis they are arranged in 26 series only. 36. HiNULIA T.EXIOLATA. Hinulia tceiiMata, (Sliaw) ; "Wliite. Journ. pi. 32, fig. 1 ; Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 78,=Lyi/osoma twniolatum, Dum. Bibr. Erp. gen. V. p. lZ^,=Scincus multiiineo.tus, Less. Voy. Coq. pi. 3, fig. 2. New South Wales. 37. Hinulia whitii. ffinulia ivhitii, (Lac), Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 79, = Li/fjosoma monUi(jcruvi, Dum. Bibr. Erp. gen. V. p. 736. Australia generally, Tasmania, (Kangaroo Island, Hout- man's Abrolhos, Swan River, Adelaide, Sydney, Gayndah, Rockluunpton). Di.stance of snout from vent . 1 nun „ „ „ ear 14 ,. Length of fore limb 1 '•-• ,. third and fourth fore toes 3 ,. „ hind limb 27 „ „ third hind toe 6 „ fourth „ ;> „ fiftli „ _ 4i „ One specimen from Nicol Bay, is in the British Museum. 41. MOCOA GUICHENOTI. Mocoa guichenoti, Dum. Bibr. Erp. gen. V. p. 713 {Lygosoma),=Lygosoma duperreyi, Dum. Bibr. 1. c. p. 715, = Mocoa guichenoti, Gray, Cat. Liz. p. SO,=Mocoa triUneata, Gray, 1. cl p. 81. Southern and Western Australia and Tasmania, (Sydney. Loyalty Island, Swan Eiver). 42. Mocoa microtis. Plate 7, fig. 2. Mocoa microtis, Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 83. Swan liiver. 43. Mocoa owenii. Mocoa owenii. Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 272. Hab. ? 44. Mocoa ceassicauda. Mocoa crussicauda, Hombr. & Jacq. Voy. Austi pi. 4, fiir. 1 {Lggosoma) ; Dum. Cat. Meth. p. 172. New'^Hollanil. i;..pt. 38. Hinulia pantheeina. ff inula ■pantlurina, Peters, MB. Berl. Acad. 1866, p. 89. Swan River. 39. Hinulia kiciiakdsonii. Plate 11, fig. 2. ffinulia ricJuirdsonii, Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 79. Western Australia, (Iloutman's Abrolhos, Champion Bay). 45. Mocoa mustelina. Mocoa mustelina, O'Shaughnessy, Ann. & ^lag. Nat. Hist. XIII. 1874, p. 299. Sydney. 46. Mocoa ocellata. Plate 7, Hg, 3. Mocoa ocellata, Gray, Cat. Liz. ]). 82. Tasmania. 40. Hinulia pallida. Giintli. The pricfrontal is in contact with the rostral as well as vertical which is much elongate; the anterior and central occ.ii)itals similar in shape and size. Seven ujijier labials. 'IMiirty-tsvo longitudinal scries of scales round the middle ol tli(! body. Eighty .scales in a longitudinal series lie.twei^n the chin an8,=Mocoa striata, Buller, 1. c. New Zealand. 53. Mocoa (?) laxa. Mocoa (?) laxa, Hutton, Trans. N. Z. Inst. IV, 1872, p. 169. New Zealand. 54. Mocoa gkandis. Mocoa, grandis, Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 272. New Zealand, (Soutli Island). 56. Carlia melanopogon. Plate 7, fig. 7. Car Ha melanopogon, Gray, Cat. Liz. pp. 81 & 272. North Australia, (Port Essington). 561i. Cyclodin-a .'EXea. Cyelodina cetua, Girard in Wilkes N. Z. Expl. Exp. XX, p. 236, pi. 26, figs. 9—16. New Zealand. 57. Lygosoma .\usti;ai.e. Plate 6, fig. 3. Lygosoma australe. Gray, Ann. Nat. Hist. p. 332, & Cat. Liz. p. 85,=JIimdia gracilipes, Steindaclmer, S. B. Wien. Acad. 1870, LXIL p. '342, tab. 5. Swan River, Piockhampton, Cape York and Adelaide. 58. Lygosoma bougainvillii. Lyijosonia bougainvillii, Dum. Bibr. Erp. gen. V. p. 716,= Lygosoma laterale, Giinth. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1867, XX, p. 46. South Australia, (Adelaide, Kangaroo Island). 59. Lygosoma punctul.vtu.m. Lygosoma punctulatum, Peters, MB. Berl. Acad. 1871, p. 646. North Australia, (Port Bowen, Cape York). 60. LY'GOSOMA SCrilKOSTRUM. Lygosoma scutirostrum, Peters, MB. Berl. Acad. 1873, p. 743. Port Bowen. 54b. Lygosomella /Estuosa. Lygosomdla wstuosa, Girard, in AVilkes Explor. Exped. XX; p. 251, pL 28, figs. 1—8. New Zealand. 61. COPKOSCIN'CUS obscurus. Cophoscincus ohscurus, O'Shaughnessy, Ann. & Mag Nat. Hist. XIV, 1874, p. 35. Queensland. 55. MOCOA NIGKOPLAXTARIS. Mocoa niqroplantaris, Peters, MB. Berl. Acad. 1873, p. 744. New Zealand. 55b. HOMBUONIA r.XDOSA. Homhronia mulosa, Girard in Wilkes Expl. Exp. XX, p. 240, pi. 27, figs. 17—24. New Zealand. 62. Tetkadactylus decresiexsis. Plate 6. fig. 4. Tctradartylns dccresiensis, (PA'on), Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 86. Western Australia, (Swan Eiver, Champion Bay, Kangaroo Island). New South Wales, (King George's Sotind). 63. Hemieugis decuesiexsis. Plate 6, fig. 5. Hemiergis dccresiensis, (PA'on), Gray, Cat, Liz. p. 86. Swan Eiver and Adelaide. c 2 64. HEMIEKGIS rOLYLEPIS. Hemicr'jis 2whjlcpis, Gtintli. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1867, p. 48. Soutli Australia, (Kangaroo Island). 73. Ehodona punctato-vittata. Rhoilona pundato-vittata, Giinth. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1867, XX, p. 46. Queensland. 65. Chelomeles QUADKiuxEATrs. Plate 6, %. 2. Chclomclcs qiuulrilincatus, Dum. Bilir. Erp. gen. V, p. 774. Western Australia, (Houtman's Abrolhos, Champion Bay, Swan Eiver). 74. Ophioscixcus australis. Ophioscincus australis, Peters, MB. Berl. Acad. 1873, p. 747. Port Bowen. 66. C'lIELOMELES nETlCUL.\TUS. Chelomeles reticulatus, Giinth. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1873, p. 146. Clarence Paver. OMOLEPIDA CASUARINtE. Omolejrida casuarince, Dum. Bilir. Erp. gen. V, p. 749. Tasmania and South-eastern Australia, (Sydney). 68. LiSSOLEPIS LUCTUOSA. Lissolepis luctuosa, Peters, MB. Berl. Acad. 1866, p. 90, ■& 1872, p. 776. South-western Australia. 69. SiAPHOS yEqualis. Plate 6, fig. 1. Siaplios mqualis, Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 89. South-eastern Australia, (Sydney). 70. Anomalpus vereeauxii. Anamdlnpiix rn-rrrnixii, Dum. Cat. m^th. p. 185; Peters, Ml;. I'mtI. a. ■;,.!. ISCT, ], 24; Giinth. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 18G7, p. -il — Shi phos simplex, Cope, Proc. Phil. Acad. 1864, p. 229= A nomalo2ms t/odeftroiji, Peters, 1. c. New South Wales and Queensland, (Brisbane, Clarence liiver). 71. PiIIODOXA PUNCTATA. Ehodona jmnctata. Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 89 = Eonia catcmdata, Gray, in Grey's Trav. Austr. II, ]i. 437, tab. 4, fig. 1 = Brachystoijas linco-puncivlatus, (Smitli MS.) Dum. Cat. m^th. p. 186. Western Australia, (Swan Piiver). 75. SORIDIA lixeata. Soridia lineata. Gray, in Grey's Trav. Austr. II, p. 428, tab. 3, fig. 2, & Cat. Liz. p. 92 ■,=zPJwlcq}hilus capemis, Smith, 111. Zool. S. Afr. App. p. 15 ; Giinth. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1873, p. 147. Western Australia. 76. Soridia miopus. Soridia miopus, Giinth. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1867, XX, p. 370. Champion Bay. 77. Eumeces albofasciolatus. Etimeees albofasciolatus, Giinth, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1872, XX, p. 49. 78. Mabouia hieroglyphica. Mahouia hieroglyp)hica, Hombr. & Jacq. Voy. Pole Sud. Kept. pi. 5, fig. 1, {Lygosoma) ; Dum. Cat. m^tli. p. 166. ■Tasmania. 79. Mabouia iiaci!Ura. Mahouia macrura, Giinth. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1867, p. 48. Cape York. 80. Bkachymeles leuckartii. Brachymeks Icvcl-urtii, AYeinland, Abhandl. Senckenb. Ges. IV, 1862, p. 140, talj. 5, fig. 3. New Holland. 12. PtIIODOXA GERKARIII. 80a. NoRBEA (?) ISOLATA. Ehodona fjcrrardi, Giinth. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1867, Norlea (?) isolata, Hutton, Trans. N. Z. Inst. IV, 1872. XX. p. 46. p. 170. \\'estern Australia, (Swan River, Champion Bay). Bay of Plenty. 81. TR.VCHYDOSAUKUS RUGOSUS. Traclujclosaurus rugoms, Gray in King's "Voy. Austr. II, p. 424, & Cat. Liz. p. 102. Western and Southern Australia, (Houtnian's Abrollios, Sydney). 82. HVDROSAUliUS ASPER. Tmchydosaurus aqKr, (Jray, Cat. Liz. p. 103. Adelaide. 83. Cyclodus gigas. Cijclodus gigas, (Bodd.), Gray, Cat. Liz. p. lQ'i;=i djclodm loddcertii, Dum. Bibr. Erp. gen. V, p. 752. Australia generally and Tasmania. (Port Essington, Sydney, Adelaide, Gayndah). '.»(). Silubosaurus dei'uessus, Giinth. Tills new species differs from S. stohesii in having tlie liind pait of the body and esijecially the tail strongly depressed and flattened. Tlie scales wliich in S. stohesii are unispinous on tlie tail, and partly bispiuous ou the back, are provided with three spines in the present species on tlie back of the tail as well as of the body, the central spine of each scale being tlie strongest. Olive-green ^vith irregular black narrow tranverse markings or spots. Lower spots M-hitish, with small blackish spots. Two specimens from Swan Eiver are in the British Museum ; the larger is five inches long. 91. EgERNIA CUNNIXGIIAill. Egcrnia cunninghami, Gray in Stokes Trav. Austr. & Cat. Liz. p. 105 \=Egcrnia krefftii, Peters, MB. Berl. Acad. 1871, p. 30. Southern and Western Australia, (Adelaide, Sydney). 84. Cyclodus nigro-luteus. Cyclodus nigro-lutevs, (Wagl.), Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 104; Quoy & Gaim. Voy. Uran. Kept. pi. 41. (Scincus). Tasmania and Houtman's Abrollios. 85. Cyclodus occipitalis. Cyclodus ocajntalis, Peters, MB. Berl. Acad. 1863, ]>. 231. Adelaide and Swan Biver. 86. Cyclodus adelaidexsis. Cyclodus c'.dclaidensis, Peters, MB. Berl. Acad. 1863, p. 231. Adelaide and Swan Eiver. 92. Tropidolepisma kixgii. Plate 13. Tropidolcpisiiia kingii, Gray, Ann. Nat. Hist. II, p. 280, & Cat. Liz. p. lQ&;=Tropidolcpisnu(, duinerilii, Dum. Bibr. Erp. gen. V. p. 745. Western and Southern Australia, (Houtman's Abrollios, Swan Eiver). 93. Tropidolepisma xitidu.m. Plate 12. Tro2ndolepisma nitidum, Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 106. Western Australia, Queensland, (Swan Eiver, Wide Bay). 04. Tropiikjlepisma majus. Plate 14. Tropidolepisma majus, Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 107. Eastern Australia, (Sydney, Eockhampton). 87. Cyclodus petersii. Cyclodus 2Ktersii, Strauch, Bull. Acad. St. Petersb. 1866, X, p. 449. __? yo. IIJDPIDOLEPISMA STRIOLATUM. Tropidolepisma striulatum, Peters, MB. Berl. Acad. 1870 p. 787. Northern Australia. Cyclodus fasciatus. 96. TliOI'IDOLEPISMA RICHARDI. Cyclodus fasciatus, Liitken, Vid. Medd. 1863, p. 292, tab. Tropidolepisma richardii, Peters, MB. Berl. Acad. 1869 1 & 2, fig. 1. p. 787. New HoUand. Northern Australia. Silubosaurus stokesii. 97. Tropidolepisma dorsale. Silubosaurus stokesii, Gray in Stokes Trav. Austr. & Cat. Tropidolejiisma dorsale, Peters, JIB. Berl. Acad. 1873 p. Liz. p. 104. 642, & 1872, p. 775. Western Australia, (Houtman's Abrollios). Port Bowen. 16 98. HETERorrs schmkltzii. Hrteropis schmdtzn, Teters, MB. Beii. AcaJ. 1867, p. 23. Iiockliampton. 99. Hkteropus khomboidalis. Heterosis rlwmUodalis, Teters, MB. Berl. Acad. 1869, p. 446. North-eastern Australia, (Port Mackay). Scarcely distinct from H. fuscus; without separate central occipital shield. 100. Oedura maemorata. Plate 16, fig. 1 (juv.), and fig. 4. Occhira marmorata, Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 147. North-western Australia, (Port P^sington). 101, Oedura riiombifera. Plate 16, fig. 6. Oedura rhovM/era, Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 147 =PJnjUo- dactylus Icsueurii, Dum. Bibr. Eqi. gen. Ill, p. 392. Western Australia. 102. Oedctja vekrillii. Oedura verriUii, Cope, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1869, p. 318. New Holland. 103. Strophura spixigera. Plate 16, fig. 5. Strophura spinvjr.ra, Gray, Cat. Liz. p. liS^Phyllo- dadylus strophura, iJum. Eihr. Erp. gen. Ill, p. 307, pi. 32, fig. 1. Western and Southern Australia, (Houtnian's Abrolhos, Freeniantle, Champion Bay, Sydney). 107. Diplodactylus marmoratus. Plate 15, fig. 6. Diplodactt/lus marmoratus, Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 149. Western, and Northern Australia, (Kangaroo Island,. Swan River, Freeniantle, Champion Bay, Houtman's Abrolhos, Norfolk Island, Aneiteum). 108. Diplodactylus polyophthalmus. Diplodactylus p>olyophthalmus, Giinth. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1867, XX, p. 49. Western Australia, (Champion Bay, Nicol Bay). 109. Stenodactylopsis tessellatus. Giinth. Back covered with comparatively large flat tessellated tubercles, which on the sides are rather smaller, scale-like and slightly imlsricate. Ear opening minute. LoM-er parts with very small scales. Nine upper and ten lower labials. Chin shield longer than broad, whithout larger scutes behind. Tail (rejiroduced) witli the scutes in narrow verticelli. Limbs slender, the fore-leg, if stretched for- ward, reaches to the nostril, the hind-leg to the axil. Whitish with faint irregular brownish spots. Distance of snout from vent 49 mm. eye 6 „ ear 13 „ Length of fore leg 19 „ hind leg 23 „ One specimen in the British Museum from Australia. 110. Stenodactylopsis pulcher. Stc7iodact>/lopsis pidcher, Steindachner, SB. Wien. Acad. 1870, p. 343, pi. 2, figs. 3—5. Swan River. 104. Diplodactylus vittatus. Plate 16, fig. 3. Diplodactylus vittatus, Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 148. Western and Eastern Australia, (Champion Bay Sydney). 105. Dipdodacytlus orx.itus. Plate 16, fig. 2. Diplodactylus ornatus. Gray, Cat. Liz. ]i. 149 = Diplodarfylus furcosus, Peters, MB. Bcrl. Acad. 186;'. i) 22'.i, \- isiiG, p. 446. Wrstcni and Southern Australia, (Houtman's Abrolhos, Adelaide, New South Wales). lOCi. Diplodactylus ocellatus. Plate 15, fig. 3, D. Ulineatus; fig. 4. D. ocrUatm. Diplodactylus ocellatus, Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 149 = Diplodactylus Inlimcdus, Gray, 1. c. Giinth.; Ann. & Mao- Nat. Hist. 18G7, XX, p. 49. ^' Western Australia, (Champion P.av, Houtman's Abrolho.s). ' . 111. Rhyxchoedura orxata. Ehi/nchocdura ornata, CUinth. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1867," XX, p. 50. Nienl Bay. 112. Phyllodactylus axomalus. P/n/llodacti/lus anomalus, Peters, MB. Berl. Acad., 1867,' p. 14. ' Queensland, (Rockhampton). This species might be referred to Discodaciylvs (Tschudi. 113. Hemidactylus depressus. Plate 15, fig. 1. Hniiidacti/lvs depressus, Cfray, Cat. Liz. p. 153. Hab. ? ' ■ 114. Hemidactylus brookii. Plate 15, fig. 2. Hemidactylus hroolii, Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 153. Borneo and Australia. 17 115. Hemidactylus vittatus. Tlate 15, fig. 5. Hemidactyhis vittatus. Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 155. Port Essiugton. 116. Hemidactylus variegatus. Heviidactylus variegatics,D\im. Bibr. Erp. Gen. Ill, p. 353. Western Australia, (Houtman's Abrollios, Champion Bay). 125. Naultixus grayi. Naultinus grayi, Bell, Voy. Beagle. Eept. p. 27, pi. 14, fig. 2. New Zealand. 126. Naultinus punctatus. Naultinus punctatus. Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 169. New Zealand. 117. Hemidactylus tusillus. 127. Naultinus lixeatus. Heviidadylus pusilhis. Cope, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1869, Naultinus lincatus. Gray, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1869, P- ?19-. . .. Ill, p. 243. New Zealand. South-western Australia. 118. Pentadactylus brunneus. Pcntadactylus bmnneus, Cope, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1869, p. 320. New Holland. 128. GONIODACTYLUS AUSTKALIS. Goniodactylus a%cstralis. Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 172. Hab. ? 119. Gecko trachyl^emus. Gecko trachylcemus, Peters, M.B. Berl. Acad. 1872, p. 774. Northern Australia 120. Gehyra australis. Gehyra australis, Gray Cat. Liz. p. 163. Western and Northern Australia, (Swan Eiver, Champion Bay, Port Essington, Sunday, Loyalty, and Norfolk Islands). 121. Gehyra grayi. grayi, Steindachner in Novara, Eept. p. 11. New South Wales. 122. Naultinus pacificus. Naultinus pacificus. Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 169. New Zealand. 129. Heteronota Hcteronota binoei. Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 174; Giinth. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1867, XX, p. 50 ■,=EuMepharis derbianus, Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 21A i^Hoplodactylus aw^^?-aKs, Steindach- ner, Novara, Eept. p. 18, tab. 1, fig. 2. Western and Northern Australia, (Champion Bay, Hout- man's Abrollios, Port Essington, Queensland). 130. Phyllurus platurus. Plate 17, fig. 3. Phyllurus platurus, Shaw, in White, Journ. N.S. Wales, p. 246, tab. 3, fig. 2, (Lacerta). Southern and Eastern Australia, (Sydney, Macquarie Eiver). 131. Phyllurus miliusii. Plate 17, fig. 2. Phyllurus miliusii, (Bory St. Vincent), Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 176. Western and Southern Australia, (Houtman's Abrolhus,- Champion Bay, Adelaide, Sydney). 123. Naultinus granulatus. Naultinus granulatus, Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 273. New Zealand. 132. Phyllurus inermis. Plate 17, fig. 1. Phyllurus inermis, Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 176. Sydney. 124. Naultinus elegans. Naultinus elegans, Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 169 ; Buller, Trans. N.Z. Inst. Ill, p. 8, pi. 2, fig. l.=Naultinus sulphureus, Buller, l.c. New Zealand. Agamid^. 133. Gixdalia bennettii. Gindalia lennetiii. Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 247. North-western Australia. ICHTHYOLOGY VOYAGE OF H.M.S. EREBUS & TERROR, UNDER THE COMMAND OF CAPTAIN SIR JAMES CLARK ROSS, R.N., F.R.S. SIR JOHN RICHARDSON, Knt., M.D., P.R.S., &c. y'SPECTOI! OF NAVAI, HOSPITALS, ETC., ETC. LONDON M.DCCC.XLIV. M.DCCC.XLVIII. FISHES METHODICAL LIST OF SPECIES. SC0MBERISID,fi. Gasterochisma melampus (Rich.) PI. XXXVII. f. 1—3 . . . . . .60 New Zealand. Caranx georgianus (C. et V.) PI. LVIII. f. 1—3 . 135 Australia. Caranx paraspistes (Rich.) PI. LVIII. 16,7 . 136 North Australia. Caranx speciosus (Forsk.) PI. LVIII. f. 4, 5 . 136 Australia. Polynesia. Malay Archipelago. Indian Ocean. Red Sea. Eqiuila senulifera (Rich.) PI. LIX. f. 12—14 . 137 Australia. Sphyr^nid^. Alepisaurus (Lowe) PI. XXII. f. 1— 4 . .34 Tasmania. Zeid,«. Zeus australis (Rich.) PI. XXV. f. 1. .36, 138 Sidney. Western Australia. Capros australis (Rich.) PI. LIX., f. 1— .5 . 137 Tasmania. South Australia. N0TACANTHID.E. Notacanthus sexspinis (Rich.) PI. XXXII. f. 4—11 54 Western Australia. CVCLOPTERID^. Lepidogaster puniceus (Rich.) PI. XLIII. f. 1 — 7 71 New Zealand. Chironectes caudimaculatus (Riipp.) PI. LX. f. 8, 9 125 Red Sea. Australia. Chironectes trisignatus (Rich.) Ph IX. f. 1 .15 Western Australia. Chironectes pictus (Cuv.) var. vittatus, PI. IX. f. 3, 4 . Tropical Atlantic. Chironectes politus (Rich.) PI. IX. f. 2 . Tasmania. Gobius bynoensis (Rich.) PI. I. f. 1,2 Western Australia. Gobius criniger (C. et V.) Pi. I. f. 3, 4 North-west Australia. Gobius lentiginosus (Rich.) PL I. f. 5, 6 New Zealand. Gobius interstinclus (Rich.) PI. V. f. 3 — fi North-west Australia. Eleotris gobioides (C. et V.) PI. II. f. .5, 6 New Zealand. Eleotris mogurnda (Rich.) PI. II. f. 1, 2 North Australia. Notothenia, genus Notothenia corriiceps (Rich.) PI. III. f. 1, 2 Kerguelen's Laud. Auckland Islands. Notothenia cyanobraucha (Rich.) PI. IV. f. 1, 2 Kerguelen's Land. Notothenia purpuriceps (Rich.) PI. II. f. 3, 4 Kerguelen's Land. Notothenia cornucola (Rich.) PI. VIII. f. 4, 5, and PL XI. f. 3, 4 . Cape Horn, Falklands. Notothenia phoca; (Rich.) Victoria Land. Notothenia magellanica (Forster, Gadm) . Tierra del Fuego. Notothenia virgata (Rich.) PL XI. f. 5, 6 . Falklands. Notothenia marginata (Rich.) PL XII. f. I, 2 * Falklands. Notothenia sima (Rich.) PL XI. f. 1, 2 Falklands. Notothenia tessellata (Rich.) PL XII. f. 3, 4 * Falklands. Notothenia rossii (Rich.) PL V. f. 1, 2 Unknown. Hemerocaetes acantliorhynchus (Forster), PL LIV f. 7—12 .... New Zealand. * These numbers are quoted incorrectly in pp. 18 and IS). Page 1 •2 3 3 4 4 5 5 8, 18 8 9 18 18 19 19 9 123 METHODICAL LIST OF SPECIES. Pataecus, geuus . . . . .20 Patcecus fvonto (Rich.) PI. XIII. f, 1, 2 . . 20 South Austialia. Ch^nichthys, genus (misspelt Chcsnicthys) . 12 ClifBiiichthys ihinoceratus (Rich.) PI VI. f. 1 — 3 . 13 Blenniid.e ? Gadopsis marmoratus (Rich.) PI. LIX. f. 6—11 . 122 Rivers, South Australia. This fish probably ought to be referred to the Hccmulonidm. Batrachid^. Batrachus dieniensis (Lesueur), PI. VIII. f. 1, 2 . 17 North-west Australia. Batrachus dubius (White), PI. X. f. 1, 2 . . 16 South Australia. Sydney. Callionymid.f,. Callionymus calauroporaus (Rich.) PI. VII. f. 4, 5 10 Western Australia. Harpagifer, genus . . .11 Harpagifer bispinis (Forster, Callionytntis), PI. VII. f. 1—3, PI. XII. f. 8, 9 . ■ 11,19 Falklands. Cape Horn. Harpagifer palliolatus (Rich.) PI. XII. f. 5—7 20 Falklands. Uranoscopid^. Uranoscopus maculatus (Forster), PI. XXXIII. f. 1—3 54 New Zealand. Australia. Otaheite ? Uranoscopus macropygus (Rich.) PI. XXXIII. f. 4,6 55 Port Jackson. Bovichthys variegatus (Rich.) PI. XXXIV. f. 1 — 4 56 Sydney. Triglid.e. Sebastes percoides (Solander, Scornama), PI. XV. f. 1, 2 23 Ta.sraania. Sydney. Sebastes pandus (Rich.) PI. XLI. f. 3, 4 . 70 Weslem Australia. Scorpajna militaris (Rich.) PI. XIV. f. 1, 2 . 22 Tasmania. New Zealand. Scorpaena bynocnsis (Rich.) PI. XIV. f. .3—5 . 22 North-west Australia. Platycephalus tasmanius (Rich.) PI. XVIII. f. 1, 2 23 Tasmania. Platycephalus cinonasus (Rich.) PI. LI. f. 7—10 114 Botany Bay. Triglaplcuracanthica (Rich.) PI. XVI. f. 1— 4 23 Sydney. .\griopus leucopaecilus, PI. XXXVII. f. 4, 5 60 South Australia. Page Pagetodes, genus incertum, PI. VIII. f. 3 15 Victoria Land. Lat. 77^" S. Xystophorus, genus incertum, PI. XXX. f. 22 52 Percid^. Psammoperca, genus . . . .115 Psammoperca datnioides (Rich.) PI. LVII. f. 1, 2 116 Australia. Centropristes salar (Rich.) PI. XX. f. 4—6 29 New Zealand. Tasmania. Norfolk Island. King George's Sound, Australia. Centropristes georgianus (C. et V.) PI. LIV. f. 3—6 117 S.E. and .S.W. coasts of Australia. ScLEMD^. Eleginus falklandicus (Rich.) PI. XX. f. 1—3 . 30 Falklands. Emmelichthys, geuus (Erythrichthys, Schl.) 47 Eramehchthys nitidus (Rich.) PI. XXIX. f. 7, 8 . 47 West Australia. H.EMULONID.E. Diagramma porosa (Rich.) PI. XVI. f. 5, 6 26 Australia. Glaucosoma, genus . .27 Glaucosoma hebraicum (Rich.) PI. XVII. 27 Houtman's Abrolhos. Australia. Grystes macquariensis (Cuv.) PI. LIII. f. 8, 9 118 Australian rivers. Gadopsis marmoratus (Rich.) PI. LIX. f. 6—11 . 122 Rivers in South Australia. (Vide Blenniida.) SERRANID.E. Plectropoma dentex (C. et V.) PI. LVII. f. 3, 5 . 117 King George's Sound. Theraponid.e. Datnia caudavittata (Rich.) PI. XVIII. f. 3—5 . 24 Harvey River, Australia. Datnia elliptica (Rich.) PI. LII. f. 4—8 . .118 Rivers, Australia. Datnia ambigua (Rich.) PI. XIX. . 25 Western Australia. Cihrhitid^. Latris ciliaris (Forster, Scicena), PI. XXVI. f. 6, 7 37 Sydney. Spaeid^. Lethrinus chrysostomus (Rich.) PI. LX. f. 6, 7 . 118 Norfolk Island. Crenidens tephraops (Rich.) PI. XLI. f. 1, 2 69 West Australia. Crenidens triglyphus (Rich.) PI. XXV. f. 2 . 36 Sydney. Crenidens zebra (Rich.) . . .70 West Australia. METHODICAL LIST OF SPECIES. Crenidens simplex (Rich.) Port Jackson. Ch^todontid.«;. Histiopterus recurvirostiis (Rich.) PI. XXII. f. 5,6 34 Tasmania. Psettus argenteus ( Lin. Chatodon), PI. XXXV. f. 1—3 ...... 57 Australia. China. Scatophagus multifasciatus (Rich.) PI. XXXV. f. 4—6 . . . .57 Western Australia. Scorpis aequipinnis (Rich.) . . . 121 King George's Sound. Scorpis georgianus (Cuv.) . . . 121 King George's Sound. FlSTDLARID^. Centiiscus humerosus (Rich.) PI. XXXIV. f. 5, 6 56 South Australia. Mdgilid.e. Dajaus diemensis (Rich.) PI. XXVI. f. 1—4 . 37 Tasmania. Western Australia. Dajaus forsteri (C. et V. Mugil), PI. XLIV. f. 20 —26 . . . . .77 New Zealand. Atherina nigricans (Rich.) PI. XLII. f. 13—18 . 77 Falklands. Gadid^. Lota breviuscula (Rich.) PI. XXXVIII. f. 1, 2 . 61 New Zealaud. Ophidid.e. Machffirium subducens (Rich.) PI. XLIV. f. 1—6. 72 Western and Northern Australia. Oxybeles, genus . . . .73 Osybeles homei (Rich.) PI. XLIV. f. 7—18 74 Australia. Tinia. Phucocoetes (Jenyns, Ichth. Voy. of Beagle, p. 168), PI. XLIX. f. 7—11 . . . viii Falkland Islands. Iluocoetes (Jenyns, Ichth. Voy. of Beagle, p. 165), PI. XLIX. f. 12—16 .... viii Falkland Islands. Labrid^. Labrus (vel Tautoga) tetricus (Rich.) PI. LV. f. 1—4 126 Tasmania. Labrus fucicola (Rich.) PI. LIV. f. 1, 2 . . 127 Tasmania. Labrus celidotus (Forster), PI. XXXI. f. 1— 5 . 53 New Zealand. Australia. China. Labrus botryocosmus (Rich.) PI. XXXI. f. 6—10 53 Australia. Tasmania. Page, Labrus inscriptus (Rich.) PI. LVI, f. 1, 2 . .134 Norfolk Island. Labrus luculentus (Rich.) . . .130 Eastern and Western coasts of Australia. Norfolk Island. Labrus psittaculus (Rich.) PI. LVI. f. 7—10 . 129 Tasmania. Labrus laticlavius (Rich.) PI. LVI. f. 3—6 . 128 Tasmania. South Australia. Tautoga melaptera (Bl. Labrus) : . .130 Java. Torres Straits. North Australia. Kielmick . . . . .129 King George's Sound. Miname ..... 129 King George's Sound. Cossyphus (vel Lachnolairaus) gouldii (Rich.) . 132 Western Australia. Lachnolaimus (vel Cossyphus) cyanodus (Rich.) PI. LV. f. .5—7 .... 131 North Australia. Scarus acroptilus (Rich.) . . .69 North Australia. Odax lineatus (Quoy et Gaimard, Malacanthm), PI, LX. f. ]— 5 . . .137 King George's Sound. Toobitovit . . . . .134 King George's Sound. Chatoessus come (Russell), PI. XXXVIII. f. 7—10 Western Australia. Indian Ocean. GoNORHYNCHiD^. Valenc. Hist, des Poiss. xix. p. 171 Gonorhynchus (Gronovius, Rhync/tana,Rich.) greyi, PI. XXIX. f. 1—6 .... New Zealand. Western Australia. Lutodeira (Rijppell, Chanos, Lacepede) salmonea (Forster, Mugil), PI. XXXVl. f. 1,2. Northern and western coasts of Australia. Torres Straits. Tanna. Elopid^. Valenc. Hist, des Poiss. xix. p. 358. Elops saurus, Lin. {Argentina macknata, Forskal), PI. XXXVL f. 3— 5 . Cosmopolite. Vide Valenc. Hist, des Poiss. xix. p. 374. Galaxid.e. Galaxias truttaceus (Cuv.) PI. XLII. f. 1—6 Tasmania. Galaxias alepidotus (Forster, Esox) Dusky Bay, New Zealand. Galaxias scriba (Valenc.) Tasmania. Eastern Australia. Galaxias fasciatus (Gray) New Zealand. Galaxias maculatus (Jenyns, Mesites), PI. XLIII f. 14—17 . . Falklands. Patagonia. METHODICAL LIST OF SPECIES. Galaxias reticulatus (Rich.) PI. XLII. f. 7—12 Auckland Islands. Galaxias brocchus (Rich.) PI. XLIII. f. 8—13 Auckland Islands. Argentina retropinna (Rich.) PI. LII. f. 1 — 3 New Zealand. SCOPELID^. Saurus undosquamis (Rich.) PI. LI. f. 1 — 6 Noith Australia. Myctophum boops (Rich.) PI. XXVII. f. 6—12 . New Zealand and Australia. Myctophum coruscans (Rich.) PI. XXVII. f. 1—5 South Atlantic and Australian Seas. Myctophum hians (Rich.) PI. XXVII. f. 19—21 . Hab. ? Myctophum asperum (Rich.) PI. XXVII. f. 13—15 Hab. ? Lampanyctus (vel Myctophum) resplendens (Rich.) PI. XXVII. f. 16—18 .... Hab. ? Macrourid^. Macrouvus ( vel Lepidorhynchus ) denticulatus (Rich.) PI. XXXII. f. 1— 3 South Australia. SiLURID.E. Bagrus venaticus (Rich.) . North-west Australia. Bagrus vertagus (Rich.) North-west Australia. Plotosus megastomus (Rich.) PI. XXI. f. 1 — 3 Sidney. Plotosus microceps (Rich.) Ph XXI. f. 4 — 7 North-west Australia. MUR.ENID^. Anguilla australis (Rich.) PI. XLV. f. 1—5 Tasmania. New Zealand. Auckland Islands. Anguilla dieffenbachii (Gray) New Zealand. Anguilla aucklandi (Rich.) PI. XLV. 1. 7-13 Auckland Islands. Anguilla labrosa (Rich.) . Polynesia. Congrus (vel Conger) genus Congrus vulgaris (Auct. Bl. 105) . European Seas. Congrus leucophaeus (Rich.) Bahamas. Congrus myrus (Risso .?) . Mediterranean. Congrus lepturus (Rich. Voy. Sulph. p. 106, PI. 56, f.1,6) . Chinese Seas. 137 39 40 41 41 33 33 31 31 112 113 113 113 107 107 108 108 Page Congrus habenatus (Rich.) PI. L. f. 1—5 . .109 New Zealand. Congrus [Murcenesox, McClelland) tricuspidatus (Rich. Voy. Sulph. p. 105, PI. 51, f. 2) . . 110 Indian and Chinese Seas. Congrus protervus (Rich.) . . .110 Hab. Unknown. Congrus angustidens (Rich.) . .110 China. Congrus hamo (Schlegel, Fauna Japonica, PI. 114, f. 2) . . . . . .111 Philippines. Japan. Congrus brevicuspis (Rich.) . . .111 Hab. Unknown. Congrus curvidens (Rich.) . . .111 Hab. Unknown. Ophisurus, genus . . . . .97 Ophisurus cancrivorus (Rich.) PI. L. f. 6 — 9 . 97 North Australia. Ophisurus sinensis (Rich.) . . .98 China. Ophisurus semicinctus (Rich.) .99 Hab. Unknown. Ophisurus boro (Buch.-Hamilt. Gray, 111. Ind. Zool. PI. 95, f. 1 ) . . . .99 India. Ophisurus breviceps (Rich.) . .99 Hab. Unknown. Ophisurus pardalis (Valenc. Webb et Berth. Ca- naries, PI. 16, f. 2) . . . 100 Canaries. Ojohisurus fasciatus (Thunberg, Murtena, Quoy et Gaim. Voy. du Frey. PI. 45, f. 2) . . 100 Malay Archipelago. Indian Ocean. Ophisurus colubrinus (Boddaert, Thunb. t. 1 f. 1) 100 India. Malay Archipelago. Moluccas. Polynesia. Ophisurus pallens (Rich.) . .101 China. Ophisurus haraucha (Buch.-Hamilt. .') . . 101 China. Ophisurus hijala (Buch.-Hamilt. PL 5, f. 5) . 102 India. Ophisurus maculosus (Cuvier, Lacep. 11, PI. 6, f. 2) 102 Madagascar. Ophisurus intertinctus (Rich.) . . . 102 West Indies. Ophisurus spadiceus (Rich.) . . . 103 China. Ophisurus versicolor (Rich.) . . .103 Moluccas. Ophisurus .sugillatus (Rich.) . . 103 Hab. Unknown. Ophisurus ocellatus (Le Sueur, Ac. Phil. v. PI. 4, f. .3) . . . . 104 Gulf of Mexico. . 105 Ophisurus parilis (Rich. West Indies. Ophisurus dicellurus (Rich. Voy. of Sulph. PI. 48 f. 2—4) .... Chiua. Ophisurus rostellatus (Rich.) Senegal. Ophisurus compar (Rich.) Sumatra. Ophisurus regius (Shaw, an ophis auct.) Hab. Unknown. Ophisurus serpens (Lin. Murwna) Mediterranean. Atlantic. Ophisurus vimineus (Rich. Voy. of Sulph. PI. 52, f. 16—20) China. Muraena, genus Murajna helena (Lin.) PI. XLIX. f. 1- Mediterraneau. English Channel. North Africa Indian Ocean. Australia. Muraena nubila (Rich.) PI. XLVI. f. 0 — 10 Mauritius. Australia. Muraena sagenedota (Rich.) Mauritius. Muraena reticulata (Bl. 416) Indian Ocean. Borneo. Muraena ocellata (Agass. Gymnothorax, Pise. Br, t. L. f. 6-9) . . . . , Gulf of Mexico. Brazils. Muraena punctata (Bl. Schn. Russell, 32) Indian Ocean. Murfena similis (Forster) . Polynesia. Red Sea. Japan. Muraena pratbemon (Quoy et Gaim. Freyc. p. 52 f. 1) Darnley Island, Australia. Muraena tenebrosa (Solander) Polynesia. Murana lita (Rich.) Moluccas. Muraena siderea (Rich.) PI. XLVIU. f. 1—5 Western and Northern Australia. New Guinea. Muraena atomaria (Solander) Society Islands. Muraena erythroptera (Solander) . Society Islands. Muraena isingleena (Rich. Voy. of Sulph. PI 48, f. 1) China. Muraena bullata (Rich.) Borneo. Mur^na stellifer (Rich.) . Madagascar. Muraena cancellata (Rich.) PI. XLVI. f. 1— 5 Western Australia. Sumatra. Mura;na tessellata (Rich. Voy. of Sulph. PI. 55 f. 5-8) .... Hab. Unknown. Muraena colubrina (Commerson) PL XIX. f. 1 New Britain. Amboyna. Polynesia. METHODICAL LIST OF SPECIES. 105 105 105 106 106 Muraena vittata (Solander) Society Islands. Mura;na moringua (Cuv. Catesby, t. 20) . Bermudas. Gulf of Mexico. Caribbean Sea. Muraena lineo-pinnis (Rich.) Puerto caballo. Mura;na griseo-badia (Rich.) Tonga Islands. Murasna pavonina (Rich. Voy. of Sulph. PI. 53, f. 1-6) Southern Seas. Muraena guttata (Solander, Park. 11, f. 1) Madeira. Brazils. Muraena thyrsoidea (Rich. Voy. of Sulph. PI. 49, f. 1) China. Muraena sathete (Hamilt.-Buch.) . India. Muraena gracilis (Hardw. Icon. 303) India. Muraena vermiculata (Hardw. Icon. 310) India. vu Page Muraena meleagris (Shaw, Voy de Freyc f.2) . . . . • Southern Ocean. Muraena prasina (Rich.) . Australia. Murasna ophis (Riippell, Atl. 29, f. 2 ?) Mauritius. Red Sea. PI. 52, f. 1—5, Polynesia. PI. 55, f. Muraena variegata (Forster), PI. XLVII. 11—16 .... Indian Ocean. Chinese Sea. Australia. Muraena polyzona (Rich. Voy. of Sulph. 11—14) Hab. Unknown. Muraena catehata (Bl. 415) Bermudas. Caribbean Sea. South America. Gymnomuraena zebra (Shaw, Nat. Misc. 101) Sumatra. New Britain. Ichlhyophis tigrinus (Lesson, Voy. de la Coquille, 12) Oualan. Nettastoma vittata (Rich. Voy. of Sulph. PI. 53, f. 7-9) Hab. Uncertain. Synbranchus gutturalis (Rich.) PI. XXX. f. 14—17 Dampier's Archipelago, Australia. Cheilobranchus, genus .... Cheilobranchus dorsalis (Rich.) PI. XXX. f. 1—5 North Australia. Cheilobranchus aptenodytum (Rich.) Penguin Island. Lat. 72" S. Leptocephalus altus (Rich.) PI. XXX. f. 8—10 . Hab. Unknown. Prymnothonus hookeri (Rich.) PI. XXX. f. 6, 7 Hab. ? Balistid^. Mouacanlhiis granulatus (White) PI. XL. f. 1, 2 . Sidney. Monacanthus chinensis (Osbeck, Balistes) PI. XL. f. 3, 4 . Eastern and western coasts of Australia. Malay Ar- chipelago. China. Indian Ocean. Monacanthus rudis (Rich.) PI. XL. f. 7, 8 {scaler, Forsteri .'') Tasmania. Monacanthus vittatus (Solander, Balistes) Western Australia. Monacanthus variabilis (Rich.), Aleuterius errone ously, PI. LIIL f. 1—7 . Western Australia. Aleuterius paragaudatus (Rich.) PI. XXXIX. f. 1—4 ..... Tasmania. Australia. Aleuterius maculosus (Rich.) PI. XXIX. f. 5 — 7 Tasmania. Australia. Aleuterius trossiilus (Rich.) PI. XL. f. 5, 6 Western Australia. Aleuterius ? brownii (Rich) North Australia. Aleuterius ? baueri (Rich.) North Australia. OSTRACIONTID.E. Ostracion boops (Rich.) PI. XXX. f. 18—21 Southern Atlantic. Teteaodontid.e. Tetraodon virgatus (Rich.) PI. XXXIX. f. Port Jackson. METHODICAL LIST OF SPECIES. Page Tetraodon hamiltoni (Rich.) PI. XXXIX. f. 10, 11 Australia. Tasmania. New Zealand. Syngnathid^. Syngnathus hymenolomus (Rich.) PI. XXX. f. 11—13 ...... Falklands. SCYLLIID^. Hemiscyllium trispeculare (Rich.) PI. XXVIII. f. 3—7 ...... Western Australia. Hemiscyllium ocellatum, a scale only, PI. XXVIII. f. 8 . Acanthias (MiiUer und Henle), PI XXVIII. f. 1, 2* 44 Australia. Raiid^. Raia lemprieri (Rich.) PI. XXIII. Tasmania. Tbygonid^. Urolophus ephippiatus (Rich.) PI. XXIV. Tasmania. Peteomyzontid^. Petromyzon mordax (Rich.) PI. XXXVIII. f. 3—6 42 Misprinted 5 instead of 1 in p. 44. Through inadvertence the following omissions were made in the text :- Phucoccetes (Jenyns, Ichth. of Voy. of Beagle, p. 168, PI. XXIX. f 3). Our specimen is not in the best order, and we can add nothing to Mr. Jenyn's account of the genus. It is possi- ble that the species differs fi-om his latUans; but not having his specimen at hand for comparison, we have left the matter for future investigation. Hab. Falkland Islands and Cape Horn. Iluoccetes (Jenyns, Ichth. of Voy. of Beagle, sp. 165, PI. XXIX. f 2). The above remarks apply also to this fish. Our speci- men has a small barbel on each side of the symphysis of the lower jaw, which is not shown in Mr. Jenyn's figure of I.Jimbriatus, and the dentition seems also to differ, as well as the form of the body ; but in the absence of comparison of specimens, we have preferred leaving the matter unde- termined. Hab. Falkland Islands and Cape Horn. FISHES. BY JOHN RICHARDSON, M.D., F.R.S., &c. In no expedition that ever sailed from Europe has more care been taken to collect the zoological productions of the sea, than in the pre-eminently scientific one of the Erebus and Terror. The commanding officer, an accomplished zoologist, had previously paid much attention to Ichthyology, and, under his fostering superintendence, ample col- lections of fish were made at New Zealand, Van Diemen's Land, Australia, Kerguelen's Land, Cape Horn, the Falklands, and wherever an opportunity offered of drawing the seine or trawl, or dropping a hook. The specimens thus obtained filled many casks, and numerous jars and bottles, and it were greatly to be wished that so much industry had met with the full measure of success that it desen'ed ; but we have to regret that, during a voyage protracted for upwards of four years and a half, including every possible change of climate, and during which the ships were buffeted by many severe gales, and sustained innumerable shocks in forcing their way through the ice-packs of the Antarctic Seas, the specimens suffered very severe damage. Owing to the deterioration of the spirits in jars that were crowded with fish, and the long continued action of the brine, where that liquid was employed, very many specimens entirely perished, or merely fragments of skeletons could be rescued from the mass. Yet the present number, which includes only the Gobioid fishes and their allies, is rich in new forms, and will shew the Ichthyologist that enough remains to render the collection as interesting as any that has been made, of late years, in any quarter of the globe. Except what may be gleaned from the notes and drawings of the Forsters, who accompanied Cook on his second voyage, nothing is known of the fish inhabiting the seas beyond the fiftieth parallel of south latitude. Sir James Ross merits the warmest thanks of zoologists for having done so much to supply this want. They are due also to Dr. Joseph Dalton Hooker for his able co-operation with his commanding officer, and for the excellent sketches and notes which he has contributed ; as well as to the other officers who lent their aid in forming the collections. Fam. GoBiiD^. venenatus (12, p. 85.) It is not very dissimilar in its GoBius BYNOENSis. Richardson. general form to G. niger. The specific name has been bestowed in honour of Benj. Bynoe, Esq., Surgeon in the Ch. Spec. G. quinque-fasciatus maculatusque, punclis Royal Navy, who, while serving in the Beagle, made coloratis, seriatis utrinque in nucha; pitind dorsi extensive collections of Australian animals and plants, priori nebulosd, secundd lineatd ; pinnis ceteris uni- which he presented to the Museum of Haslar Hospital.* coloribus. The length of the head is contained four times and a Radii:— D. 6|—1|16; A. 1|1.5; C 19; P. 21 ; V. lIlO— 1 half in the total length of the fish, caudal fin included ; united. ' its width is less than half its length, but equal to its height, Plate I., fig. 1 and 2, natural size. » To make the list of Australian species as complete as possible, a few rrii,:_ • „ 1 ■„„ ,;„„ . »v, -ii ^ ■ .i undescribed fish from the western coasts of that country, discovered bv This species havnig canine teeth, will rank m the group ih^ officers of the Beagle surveying ship, have been added to Sir James which IS lieaaeci in the Histoire des Potssons by G. Ross's collection. and the cheeks are but little swelled out. The height of the body and length of the head are equal, and exceed the altitude of the first dorsal. This fin has less of the triangular fonn than is usual in the genus, the five foremost rays differing little in height; the last ray is shorter. The rays of the second dorsal and anal are more than usually numerous. The caudal is widely rounded. The mode- rately large eyes are the length of the orbit apart from each other, the same distance from the edge of the inter- maxillary, and twice as far fi-om the gill-opening. The scales come forward on the top of the head to the orbits, a few clothe the upper border of the gill-cover, but the rest of the head is naked. A row of open pores follows the course of the temporal groove, and three pores exist on the vertical limb of the preojjerculum. A raised mucigenous line runs under the eye, and is connected with another, which forms a small circle on the cheek. The cleft of the mouth scarcely reaches to the fore part of the orbit. It is armed above l3y an outer row of subu- late, slightly curved teeth, to the number of eight or ten on each intermaxillary, and extending about half way to the angle of the mouth. The inner teeth are too small to be easily seen without the assistance of a lens, and stand in a single line, as far as the outer ones extend, but beyond them they are two or three rows deep. On the under jaw the outer row is similar, and of the same extent with the upper ones, but it is terminated on the middle of the jaw on each side by a somewhat larger recurved tooth. The distribution of the interior teeth of this jaw is the reverse of what occurs in the upper one, being in a single row towards the corners of the mouth, and in a double one behind the outer teeth. The strap-shaped tongue is pro- minent and smooth. There is a pretty broad velum to both jaws, and the palate is smooth, with a mesial fold of membrane. The scales are moderately large, there being sixty-five in a longitudinal row between the gill opening and caudal fin. Their exposed disks, iti situ, are exactly rhomboidal, and their borders are finely plaited and ciliated. The gill-opening is entirely lateral, being closed beneath by the broad and directly transverse attachment of the mem- brane to the isthmus. The original colours cannot be ascertained from the specimens, which have been long macerated in spirits. The body is marked by dark patches, which appear to have formed about five vertical bands between the gill-opening and caudal. There are blotches high on the back between the bands, a round dark spot at the base of the middle caudal rays, and some dark specks on the snout and other parts of the head ; a row of coloured spots runs on each side of the hind head, from the eye to the dorsal. The first dorsal is marked in a clouded manner, with alter- nate waving dark and light bands ; a dark streak traverses the bottom of the second dorsal, and the rest of the fin is occupied by five lines alternately lighter and darker. The extreme edge of the fin is blackish ; the anal has likewise a blackish edge, but is without other markings, as are also the pectorals, ventrals, and caudal. Length of the speci- men, S^ inches. Hab. Coasts of Western Australia. GoBius CRiNiGER. Cuv. et Valenc, 12, p. 8-2. Ch. Spec. G. capite michdque esquamosis ; corpore maculoso ; pinnis dor.ti caudcBque seriatim guttatis ; genis, operculis nuchdque liiieis mucigenis percursis ; pons apertis in preoperculo : deiite caniiio parvo in latere utroque maxillce inferioris ; dentibus interioribus mandibulorum brecissimis, scobiformibus, stipatis. Radii:— Br. 4 ? D. 6| — 1|9 ; A. 1]9 ; C. 25; P. 15; V. 1|10— 1 united. Plate I., figs. 3 and 4, natural size. This goby agrees so well with the description of the G. criniger in the Histoire des Poissons, that I have referred it to that species, though I have seen neither authenticated examples nor figures to confirm this deter- mination. The specimen described by M. Valenciennes was obtained at Java by MM. Qiioy and Gaimard, and had a tall filiform tip to the second ray of the first dorsal. M. Valenciennes considers this to be peculiar to the male, and refers to the same species an Indian goby which wants this prolongation. It is also wanting in our example, which was taken on the north-west coast of Australia. The head makes a fourth of the total length, caudal included, and its width at the gills, which exceeds half its length, nearly equals its height. The eyes, large and approximated, interfere with the profile. There are three orifices in the nasal region, the lower of which has a very short tubular lip. The head is entirely scaleless, the nakedness extending backwards on the nape to the first dorsal, but there are some small remote scales deeply im- bedded in the skin of the supra-scapular regions. A raised muciferous line, which forks twice, traverses the cheek; two similar lines cross the gill- cover, the lower one being forked ; and there are also some faint ones on the nape. The mouth is cleft to opposite the fore part of the eye, and descends obliquely. The teeth are in fine, close, even, brush-like plates on the jaws. An exterior row of more widely set, slightly taller and curved teeth, reaches to the middle of each jaw, and is terminated in the lower jaw by a recurved canine of small size. The gill-opening is vertical, being closed on the under surface of the head. Only four rays sustain its membrane. If there be a fifth one, it is imbedded in the part attached to the isthmus, and cannot be detected without dissection. The last rays of the second dorsal and anal are, as u.sual, divided to the base. The basal streaks of the scales cross the exposed disk, and converge to a point in the middle of the posterior edge, which is strongly toothed. The dark markings are well described in the Histoire des Poissons, but the spots on the caudal fin are not noticed. In our specimen there are four rows of round spots, similar to those on the second dorsal ; and the interstices appear to have been yellow. The whole ventrals retain the latter tint, and some streaks of it remain on the dorsal and belly. The length of the specimen, 3^ inches. Hab. The North-west coast of Australia. 3 GoBius LENTiGiNosus. Ricliardson. Ch. Spec. G. gracilis, capite tiimidulo, goiis conve.vi.s pit rpu rein, pii)iclii/(if/s,(orpui(' vinrmorato punctatoqne ; pinnis dorsi cniidwqiie .scriiilim giittatis, pectoralibus basi punctiilatis : dentibus villonis. Radii:— D. (i|— 1|10; A. 1|9; C. 22; P. 20; V. 1|10— 1 united. Plate I., figs. 5 and 6, natural size. This small species has some resemblance to the last in the colours of the body, but it is a more slender fish, and the nape is clothed forward to the eyes with scales, nearly as large as those of the body, which are of moderate size. There are no scales on the gill-covers, or rest of the head. The basal grooves are few and parallel, the free edge of the scale toothed. The length of the head is twice its height, and forms one-fourth of the total length of the fish, caudal included. The under jaw is a little more prominent than the upper one. The jaw teeth are disposed in broad, very close, villiform plates, with an outer row of stouter and more widely set teeth, but scarcely taller. There are no distinct canines in the middle of the lower jaw, or elsewhere, and none of the teeth can be clearly seen without the aid of a lens. The gill cover is convex. Three mucigenous lines diverge from the upper lip, a little above the angle of the mouth, one to run immediately beneath the eye, another to cross the middle of the cheek, and a third to traverse the lower part of the cheek. A fourth line runs from the chin along the limb of the lower jaw and the interoperculum, and ascends the vertical limb of the preoperculum. A similar line skirts the tem- poral groove, and two diverge at a right angle on the gill- cover. Open pores exist on the upper border of the orbit and vertical limb of the preoperculum. The general colours of the specimens in spirits are honey-yellow, marbled and spotted with umber and blackish brown, and minute white specks exist in longitudinal rows along the lower part of the sides. A dark mark is jilaced on the tail, close to the base of the caudal fin, and there are many dark dots on the snout. The cheeks have a bright purplish hue, with numerous whitish specks. The basal halves of the jjectorals are also studded with white specks. There are four rows of dark dots in the first dorsal, and six rows on the second dorsal and caudal. The anal is dark on the border, but unspotted, and there are no marks on the ventrals. Length of the specimen, \^ inch. Hab. Bay of Islands, New Zealand. GoBios INTEKSTINCTUS. Richardson. Ch. Spec. G. .iiibcy//iidi-iciix,roslrogibbo,ociilisconi/gins; squamix iiiajiixcKlis ; hiteribiifi in/id ordinihus duobus rectanguloriim riigrorum supraqiie lineoli.s nigris phiri- mis percursis, cum punciis albescentibus ordinatis interjacentibus ; pinnis omnibus prater ventrales albo nigroque alterne liiieatis. Radii:— D. 6|— 1|10; A. 1|8; C. 19; P. 16 ; V. 1|10-1 united. Plate v., figs. 3, 4 and 5, natural size ; 6 magnified. This goby has much resemblance in general form to the preceding one, and, like it, belongs to the division which is characterised by the negative characters of the want of canine teeth, the absence of free simple rays in the pec- torals, or of any other remarkable peculiarity in the fins. The snout is very short and gibbous, the eyes rather large, and nearly touching above, and the cheeks are not swollen. The teeth are in villiform bauds, tapering off nearly to a single series towards the corners of the mouth, but having considerable breadth at the symphysis, from the addition, as it were, of several rows exterior to the general line of the dental surface. The exterior ones are a very little stouter than the rest, and all are slightly incurved, but there are no canines. The eyes are very prominent, and the short snout is suddenly rounded off. The preorbitar lip is rather full, but it is even, and in no wise lobed or notched, as in Perioplit/ialmus,\\\nch this fish much resem- bles in the face. The scales of the cranium terminate by a rounded outline, which just touches the orbits. The snout, the whole of the cheeks, gill-plates and membranes are scaleless. Bright yellow muciferous lines branch on the cheek, and traverse the temporal furrow. There are open pores on the disk of the preoperculum, in the tem- poral furrow, on the nape, and other parts of the head. The lengths of the head and caudal fin are about equal, and each forms one-fifth of the length of the whole fish. The pectoral is semi-elliptical, or more rounded when very fully extended. Its membrane is very delicate, and readily disappears ; but in our most perfect specimens, only the tips of the upper rays are free. The uppermost ray alone is simple. The first and second rays of the first dorsal are longer than the rest. The last ray of tlie second dorsal and of the anal is divided to the base. The caudal is rounded. The scales of the body are rather large, and very regu- larly placed. Each is five sided: having the lateral sides straight and parallel, the base undulated, so as to produce a central rounded lobe, and the two free or posterior sides meeting in an acute angle, with the apex more or less blunt. These free sides are strongly and regularly toothed. About twelve fine fan-like lines run from near the posterior tip lo the basal lobe. There are twenty-six scales in a row between the gill-opening and the caudal fin. The general colour of the specimens in spirits is honey- yellow. The sides are marked by brownish black inter- rupted lines, which in the upper parts are slender and approximated. The lowest two, being on a level with the lower half of the pectorals, are composed of a series of seven or eight oblong, rectangular spots. The fine upper lines are most numerous at the shoulders of the fish, pos- teriorly they are reduced to about four; between them there is an equal number of rows of very minute white specks. On the caudal and pectorals there are five or six dark transverse lines, alternating with an equal number of white ones. On the dorsals and the anal there are also alternate black and fine white lines, slightly oblique, and inteiTupted by the rays. The mucigenous fines on the cheeks are bright yellow, the rest of the head looks jiur- plish, but the colour appears to be nearly faded away in our specimens. The specimen which is figured had the following B 2 DIMENSIONS. Length from tip of snout to end of caudal fin 3"25 inches. „ „ anus 1-30 „ „ „ gill-opening 0-70 „ Height of body 0-60 „ Thickness of ditto 045 „ Length of pectoral fin 0-55 „ „ caudal fin 070 „ Hab. North-west coast of Australia. Eleoteis gobioides. Cuv. et Valenc. Eleotris gobioides. Hist, des Poiss. 12, p. 247. Radii:— B. 6; D. 6| — 1|11; A. l\\0; C. 22 ; P. 20; V. 1|5.* Plate II., figs. 5, 6, natural size. Many specimens of this fish were procured by the expedition in the salt water of the Bay of Islands, and in a fresh water lake a short way in the interior. They vary considerably in the distinctness of the markings, and the pale vertical line on base of the pectoral fin is in some scarcely to be perceived. The dark blotches on each side of the line always exist. The operculum and suboperculum are scaly ; the ante- rior corner only of the latter bone, and the interoperculum, being naked. The cheek appears to be naked, but scales may be detected by scraping off the smooth integument. On the top of the head the scales come forward to oppo- site the posterior third of the orbits, and are scarcely sensibly less than those of the body ; their bounding line sweeps round to behind the eye, and there is a cluster of small scales on the temple at the upper end of the preoperculum. Two open pores exist on the disk of this bone, and there are many fine mucigenous lines on the head, viz., one running longitudinally along the interior border of each nasal region, another beneath the eye, a double one along the temporal fuirow, one branching on the cheek, one tracing the lower edge of the interoper- culum, and continuing up the furrow which marks the edge of the preoperculum to the temple, and, lastly, one crossing the operculum obliquely. dimensions. Length from upper lip to tip of caudal fin 5'80 inches. „ „ anus 2-90 „ „ „ gill-opening 1-65 „ Length of caudal 1-05 „ Height of body MO „ Thickness of body 0!W „ „ head at gill plates 1-00 „ The largest example measures above seven inches in length. Hab. Bay of Islands, and adjoining fresh-water lakes of New Zealand. * The last two rays of the dorsal and anal are separate at the base and aie counted here separately, not as branches of one ray, as in the Hist, des Poiss. Eleotris mogurnda. Richardson. Ch. Spec. El. rostro, genlsque sqtiamosis ; fasciis tribus obliquis nigrescentibus in operculis, maculis obscuris in medio latere; pinnis dorsi, ani et caud.au^o-l>). In the fullness and roundness of the posterior part of the body and tail, this species differs from most of the genus. The sides swell out, so as to place the anal and second dorsal in a deep furrow, and to give the fish the appear- ance of a full bean-pod, or banana. The shoulders, as usual, are broader and flatlish, the flatness reaching to the orbits. Before the eyes, the profile descends obliquely. The mouth is small, and the jaws incline downwards when protracted. The eyes are not above a line apart, and are about one diameter of the orbit from the tip of the snout, and rather more from the gill-opening. The head makes rather more than a third of the length of the fish, caudal excluded. The lateral line crosses the nape to join its fellow, curves over the end of the pectoral, and runs rather above the middle of the side to the caudal fin, on the base of which it forks. It is formed by a continuous narrow crenulated ridge. The teeth are short, villiform, the dental surface being widest at the symphyses, reducetl to a single row on the limbs of the jaws, and not extending to the angle of the mouth. The preopercular spine is long and curved, with its very acute tip curved upwards, and a stronger tooth above, near the tip, directed upwards and forwards. The body appears to have been entirely of a rich bronze colour, smooth and shining, with, perhaps, some darker blotches above. The second dorsal is still clouded by a few dark blotches. The membrane of the first is blackish above, the ventrals are freckled, and there are some whitish specks on the caudal. No note was made of the colours of the fish, when recent. 11 DIMENSIONS. LeiigtL from end of snout to tip of caudal S^S inches. „ „ base of ditto 425 „ „ of head to edge of operculum 1'50 „ I, „ gill-opening 1'20 „ firet dorsal 1-25 „ Long diaractov of orbit 0-40 „ Breadth of head at gill-cover 0!)0 „ Height of body at nape 0-55 „ Height at middle of second dorsal 055 „ Breadth of body there 075 „ Geuus Haupagifer. Richardson. Ch. Gen. Caput horizonlale, supra planum, triangu- lare. Corpus in caudam maxime compressam scnsim e hiimero attenuatiim. Squamas iiiilla. Linea lateralis antlce trans niicham cvm pari suo conjugata ram ill urn que ad orlilam utramque emUtens in summo dorso cursutn tenens et ad medium basis pinna- dorsi secundce dcsinens. Os parvinn ierminale. Dentes mandibularum minuii, subulati, suljincurii,stipati. Palatum lingitaque laves. Oculi viodici, laterales. Ossa siiborbitalia. Preoperculum inerme, ellipticum. Interopevculum gracile, spatula- forme, preupervnlo occidtum. Operculum spinani ha- mifcram sursiim extrudens. Suboperculum spinam rectam aque insignem eviHiens. Apertura branchiarum satis magna nee tamen sub guld extensa. Membrana branchiostega radiis sex sustentata. Pinnae dorsalis ducB, quarum prior radiis paucis Jiexi- bilibus sustentata. Pinnae ventrales Eleotridum. Vesica pneumatica nulla. Caeca pylorica tria. Obs. Genus inter CalUonymum et Platypterum collo- candum. Harpagifer bispinis. Richardson. Species unica adhuc cognita. Radii:— B. 6; D. 81—24; A. 17; C. 11|; P. ; \.\\b. Batrachus bispinis. Bl. Schn. 45. Callionyvius bispinis. I. R. Forster. M.S. IV. 45. Plate VII., figs. 1, 2, 3, natural size. This small fish abounds among the kelp, on the shores of Cape Horn. Many specimens were taken, but they are all injured by deterioration of the spirit into which they were put, so that the true distribution of the dark bars or spots cannot be determined, and some uncertainty exists with respect to the exact shape of the first dorsal, though there is none as to the number of the rays. It seems to be, unquestionablj', the fish described by Forster, in the notes quoted above. The description, the size of the spe- cimens, and the locality, correspond. Forster notes the colour of his specimens as being blackish-brown above, with an intermixture of orange-red on the head ; the second dorsal, pectorals and caudal, as being varied with orange-red and brown, and the under surface of the body as pale orange, the anal having a deeper tint of the same. He enumerates also a ray less in the second dorsal, and one more in the anal, than the individual we liave described below possesses, but a similar variation exists in Sir James Ross's specimens. The course of the lateral line corre- sponds with Forster's account of it ; but the line of jjores on the middle of the sides could be traced only at the base of the caudal fin, owing, most probably, to the skin being softened and worn. The height and breadth of the fi.sh is greatest at the gills, the head being a short pyramid, and the body a greatly elongated one, with the plane connecting the tips of the opercular and subopercular spines for a common base. The top of the head behind the eyes is flat, and slightly concave, without ridges. The eyes are placed high up, and the snout anterior to them is short and trian- gular. The length of the head is contained 3j times in the whole length of the fish, and its breadth at the hind head, when the gill-covers are open, is equal to its length. Before the eyes the profile descends obliquely to the tip of the snout. The under surface of the head and breast is flat, and the ventral line ascends slightly from the ven- trals to the tail, in correspondence with the inclination of the back. The height of the tail, at the base of the caudal fin, is equal to a third of the height of the nape. The eye is 1 diameter of the orbit from the tip of the snout, and 1^ from the gill-opeuing, Sg^ diameters being equal to the length of the head. The mouth is small, horizontal, and terminal, the lower jaw being just perceptibly longer than the upper one. The jaws are very little protractile. The very short teeth are subulate, slightly curved, and crowded into a small tuft at the symphyses above and below, but reduced almost to a single row on the limbs of the jaws. There is a nar- row velum behind them on both jaws. The tongue and roof of the mouth are smooth. The maxillary increases gradually in breadth to its lower end, which is truncated, and moves over the limb of the lower jaw. A very short part only of its slender upper end glides under the edge of the preorbitar. Preorbitar narrow, not toothed, but having a cavernous or cellular structure, which is concealed by the integument. The rest of the suborbitar chain is reduced to a row of little eminences, with porous mouths, closely skirting the eye beneath and behind, and leaving a large, fleshy, convex cheek. The preoperculum has an obtuse semi-elliptical curve, with a rather narrow disk, equally wide throughout, and without any projection at the curve. In drying, the integument permits cavities on the disk to appear. The interoperculum is slender and cylindiical, and is concealed under the edge of the preoperculum. The end which joins the suboperculum is dilated, so as to give the form of a spatula to the entire bone. The operculum ends in a strong spine, which stands upwards, and a little outwards, and gives off' from its inner side, near its tip, a hooked antler- like branchlet. The suboperculum ends in a straight hori- zontal spine, having a slight notch at its tip. When the gill-plates are raised, the spines project laterally, and a narrow border of membrane runs between them, to the extreme edge of which the branchiostegous membrane is united at an acute angle, and several of the rays show between the opercular and subopercular spines. The sub- operculum also sends off vertically a filiform, flexible, c 2 12 cartilaginous ray, which lies in the branchiostegous mem- brane, above the uppermost ray, and parallel to it, and might be easily mistaken for a seventh ray. There is a deep notch on the upper edge of the operculum, above the spine, which is filled by membrane. The gill-opening is pretty large, but mostly vertical. The branchiostegous rays are cylindrical and slender, and the membrane, when extended, bulges, from the greater narrowness of its edge. There are no scales ; the skin being smooth, and appa- rently destitute of skinny processes. The lateral line com- mences at the orbit, unites with its fellow by a transverse line on the nape, then runs to the upper angle of the gill- opening, and from thence crosses the shoulder to the base of the second dorsal, at the middle of which it terminates. At first it is traced by a series of contiguous tubes, with open mouths, but before it terminates by three or four pores only, without the tubes. Two or three pits may be seen, with difficulty, at the base of the caudal, on the level of its middle rays, as if the line had recommenced there. The pectoral and caudal fins are rounded in outline. The first dorsal is somewhat triangular, and is supported by three flexible, filiform, jointless rays. All the rays of the second dorsal (twenty-four) are jointed, and the last one is divided to the base. The anal contains seventeen rays, the last being divided, and all of them jointed. The ventrals, in position and form, resemble those of an Eleo- tris. They are a little in advance of the pectorals. The spine is short, and has a flexible tip. The original colours have perished, but the specimens still show oblique dark bands on the body and second dorsal, and three or four narrow transverse bands on the pectorals and caudal. The skeleton shows a very short occipital spine, which does not rise above the hind head, and is not visible in the recent fish. The vertebrae are thirty-five, of which eleven are abdominal and twenty-four caudal. The peritoneum is silvery, with minute dark brown specks. The liver, broad, thin, and rounded, lies on the ventral surface of the upper part of the stomach, embracing the oesophagus, and having a fissure on the left side, to half its depth, sepa- rating a small obtuse tongue-shaped lobe. Stomach nearly globular, with a very short pyloric branch on the right side. The intestine makes a short convolution on the right side of the stomach, not descending to the fundus of that viscus, and then runs straight to the anus. Three short conical ca;ca surround the pylorus. There is no air- bladder. The stomach filled more than half the belly, and contained Cruntacea. A parasitic worm was half buried in the liver. DIMENSIONS. Length from tip of snout to end of caudal fin 2-.35 inches. „ „ upper angle of gill-opening 0-6.1 „ „ ., point of opercular spine ... 075 „ Breadth between tips of opercular spines 0-78 „ ,1 „ subopercular ditto 085 „ Height of nape 040 Length of caudal 040 „ Diameier of eye 0-18 ^^ Cu^NiCTHYs. Richardson. Channicthys, Richardson. Ann. Nat. Hist., June, 1844. Caput magnum, cranio scabro, subtetragono, facie hori- zontali ante oculos longd, lateraliterque per parietes oris membranaceos dilatabiles auctd. Faux laxissima, horizontalis, terminalis ; rictu superne ab ossibus interniaxillaribiis (satis mobilibus nee tamen propter pedicelLorum eximiam brevitatem protract ilibus) facto. Os maxillare gracile, paulo in f curvatmn, un- guium tantum oris attingens, nee sub aciem ossis preor- bitalis reddens. Dentes in ambitii oris breves, curvati, slipati. Vomer et palatum edentati. Ossa pharyngis denticulata. Oculi largiusculi, laterales. Narium apertura anteriores ante articulos ossium maxil- lariiim posita; a posterioribus remotce. Os preorbitale oblique flabelliforme, rostro brevius : ossa suborbitalia sequentia minima, scabriuscula, orbitam subter cingentia. Gena magna, nuda, inermis, nee mode Triglorum osse suborbitaU secundo percursa. Ossa operculi parva, una cunt tncinhrand rDinicetcnIi cir- cumeuntique operculum modicuui triaugulare confi- cientia. Os operculare propriuin, tri/nirlilum : pars postica ad marginem sublibera et in apicibus quinque subspinosis divisa. Apertura branchialis amplissima intra ramos maxiUce in- ferioris procedens. Membrana branchiostega lata, radiis sex gracilibus teretiusculis sustentata. Areas branchiarum quatuor, liberi, et lamina una operculo adnata. Corpus teres, modo Triglorum in caudam gracilem sensim attenuatum, ventre tumidiusculo. Squamae vera; nullcB. Cutis Iwvis. Linea lateralis post Jinem pinnce dorsi secundce diffracta denuoque ad basin pinncB caudcB desinens, per totum cursum suuni scutellis scabris armata. Scutelli rotundi pauci in medio latere spars i. Pinnae ventrales ante pectorales positcB. Pinnte ventrales jrinnas Triglae simulantes. Dorsales duis. Vide Y>. 11. Ch. spec. H. corpore auraviiaco, fasciis irihus fuscis ciiicio ; capite Jusco. Radii :— B. 6; D. 4|— 22vel 24 ; A. 17; C. 114; P. 17; V. l;5. Plate Vll., figs. 1, 2, 3. Plate XII., fig. 8, natural .size, fig. 9, magnified. The specimens from which the geneiic characters and the detailed description of the species were given in the preceding fasciculus, as referred to above, had been much injured by immersion in brine, and the patterns of colour had nearly perished. Through Mr. Gray's kindness, I have had an opportunity of examining specimens well preserved in spirits, and of making some additions to the account of the species. The first dorsal in reality contains four spines, the last spine being, in some examples, much more conspicuous than in others. By a re-examination of Sir James Ross's specimens, I detected the fourth spine concealed under the integuments. 1 he last ray of the dorsal and anal is bound down to the tail by membrane, which extends nearly to the base of the caudal. A row of pores runs along each limb of the lower jaw, and round the edge of the preoperculum to the temples. Another crosses the end ol' the snout, follows the edge of the preorbitar, completely encircles the eye, then continues along the union of the gill-cover with the skull, and, crossing the nape, unites with its fellow. All these pores have elevated tubular d2 20 mouths forming short cirrhi. The structure of the pores on the lateral line is the same. A row of minute and dis- tant pores, without tubular lips, can be traced from behind the pectoral, along the line of origin of the muscles in the middle of the sides, to the caudal fin. The skin on the iip])er edge of the orbit is tumid, and a small crest, com- posed of united tubes, with open mouths, rises from its middle. This crest is not uniform, having a more pahuated shape in some individuals, while in others the little tubu- lar branchlets stand out on every side. Some variation in size and form is, perhaps, owing to the season at which the specimens were taken, the examples procured by Sir James Ross having but a vestige of the crest, even when the skin is perfect in that part ; but it is to be observed, that many of them have the integuments broken there, as if the tubular projections, having been very tender, had worn off more readily than the rest of the integument. The top of the head and shoulders is studded with little round soft grains, and filamentous points, not very visible without the aid of a lens; and a few similar grains exist on the integuments investing the dorsal rays. All these seem to be the tumid lips of minute pores. The body ap])ears to have been orange, with three irre- gular dark brown bands desceuding from the back. The top of the head is dark ; the belly and the fore part of the back showing the orange-coloured ground. The second dorsal, pectoral, and caudal, are tessellated by squarish, blackish-brown spots, confined to the meuibrane. These spots form rows, when the fins are fully extended. There are also some dark specks on the edge of the first dorsal, and a few blotches on the ventrals. The anal is orange, and unspotted. Length of the specimens generally about three inches. Obs. One specimen is entirely destitute of a first dorsal, and bears no mark of the back having received any injury. Its second dorsal contains twenty-one articulated rays, and the anal fin eighteen rays. Hab. The Falkland Islands. Harpagifer palliolatus. Richardson. Ch. Spec. H. strlgd albescenti ah extreme rostra per sum- mum dorsum ad caudam tractd ; laterihus fusvis trans- verse hifasclatis I corpore infra auranliaco. Radii;— Br. 6; D. 3|- A. 17; C. U^; P. 16; V. 1|5. Plate XII., figs. 5, 6, 7, natural size.* I have seen only one example of this form of Harpagifer, and am not convinced of its being specifically distinct liom bispinis, notwithstanding the very different way in which it is coloured. It may be a sexual dress merely. Only three spines can be delected in the first dorsal, and the supraorbitar crest seems to be composed of a single conical tube. In all other parts of external structure, the resemblance to bispinis is extremely close. The suboper- cular spine is acutely pointed. In bispinis this spine is sometimes acute, sometimes notched at the tip. The only reason for giving this fish a distinct name, is the milk- white streak which connnences on the symphysis of the upper jaw, and runs along the middle of the head and back to the tail, sending one band down the side towards the anus, and another at the end of the second dorsal. The maxillaries are also white. The ground-colour of the head and sides is greyish-black, fading on the flanks to hair brown. The under surface and the fins are marked as in bispinis. A small crenated flap projects from the fore edge of the anus, rather more conspicuously than in the ordinary ex- amples of bispinis, and there is a minute genital tubercle behind, as shown in figure 7. Length, 2'6-2 inches. Length from tip of upper lip to anus, rSO inches. Hab. The Falklauds. Pat^cus. Richardson, Ann. Nat. Hist, for Oct. 1844, vol. xiv. p. -280. Ch. Gen. Forma compressissima, circiimscriptioiie laterali semiparaboUcd ; facie frontatd oblique retro descen- denti. Os parvum, rictu fere horizonlali parum decliri. Maxilla inferior porosa, cirris minimis jinrr/' pn'ilila. Dentes minulissiuii, arciKuei in iiinjillis u/risque, ossi- busque pliaryiKjeis stipati. Lingua, vomer, palatum- que l(Bves. Oculi laterales in summd gena positi. Ossa capitis operculorumque inermiu, sulcatim iiisculpla. Os preorbitale membro tenui verticali : disco in/'ero dila- tato, iiiscnlpto. Catenula suborbilalis memhraiiacco- tubulala, iiec ossea, oculo remota, e disco preorbitalis ad tempera genam transcurrens. Apertura branchialis ampla, postice infraque etiam intra ramos nia:r///(e inferioris ad mentem usque externa, super opercnhiiii c/aiis/i. Membrana branchiostega su- perne apuiildid, infra non isthmo annexa nee cum pari suo conjugata, radiis sex sustentata. Squamae nulla. Cutis Icevissimus. Linea lateralis pos- tice summum dorsum atlingens. Anus niedianus, pa- pilla nulla. Pinnee pectorales satis magna;, pauciradiatoi, humiles, po- sitioiie forsitaiique Juiictione veiilrales pinnas quce desunt simulantes ; radiis tenuibus mdivisis omnibus urticulatis. Pinna dorsi pinnam dorsalem Agriopi referens, per totum dorsum ab e.vtremo fronte ante ociilos ad pinuam caudte usque cui membrana counexa regnans : radiis iirticu- lalis ejus et pinncB ani attenuatis vix a radiis uou arti- cular ibus, Jiexilibus, uumerosioribus oculo nudo dig- noscendis. Pinna ani a pinna caudw discreta. Radii piinne caudcc indivisi, tenues, articulati. Vertebree circiler 35, quarui/i 18 ad caudam perlinentes. Pat.ecus fkonto. Richardson. Pat curve. Caudal fin oval, both lobes nearly equally high, and the under one scarcely running farther forward than the upper one. About thirty carti- laginous rays shine through the integuments of each lobe. The caudal spine occupies more than two-thirds of the width of the tail at its insertion, tapers to a very acute point, is striated on its anterior surface, and strengthened behind by a rounded keel, which fits a depression in the tail. Its edges are serrated by very acute reverted teeth. The greatest thickness of the disk is at the junction of the shoulder-girdle with the spine, and from this place the vertical diameter lessens both longitudinally and laterally. The eyes are of moderate size, and have rather a lateral aspect. Their posterior halves are embraced externally by the spout holes, which exceed the orbits in size, and are widest behind. A small valvular fold projects within the spout-hole from its orbital wall, the rest of its lining is smooth. The united nasal fla]) has a straight free edge, and is fringed by obtuse cuticular processes, invisible to the naked eye. The base of the flap is slightly narrower than its free border, and its bridle springs from the middle of the upper lip. In the plate the flap is shown in two positions, when hanging down, and when drawn up. A small rounded lobe projects into the nasal opening from its under border. Folds or streaks are disposed in a doubly pectinated order on the lining of the nostrils. When the mouth is gently open, the dental plates occupy the entire borders of the transverse or slightly arched rictus, the teeth rolling a little farther out in the middle of the lower jaw. Individually the teeth are rhomboidal, with the transverse diameter rather exceeding the longi- tudinal one, and having a flat or slightly tumid disk, with- out ridges. Edge of the upper velum straight, and finely fringed, like the nasal flap. Lower velum furni.shed with three or more soft, smooth, conical papilla;, which di.sap- pear as the integuments are moved or stretched. Many pores which exist in the disk and tail are shown in their proper positions in the figure. Genital canal transversely plaited, the tapering cornua of the uterus shaggy, with long, filamentous, crowded villi. Liver large, and when the belly is slit up, nearly concealing the intestines, granular, and divided into two oval lobes by F 2 a fissure penetrating through three-fourths of its depth. The right lobe is the thickest and largest. There are no lobules. The stomach being tender, was torn in the exa- mination, but appears to have been an oblong wide sac, terminating in a narrow intestine, somewhat longer than itself. To this succeeds a valvular colon, which is about as long as the stomach, but rather wider, and lastly, a smooth rectum, a little shorter than the valvular part of the gut. The specimen, after being kept in spirits, is reddish- brown on the upper surface, with dark lines, disposed somewhat like the harness of a cart-horse, whence the specific name of ephippiatus. Their exact form may be ascertained more correctly by turning to the figure, than from any description. DIMENSIONS. Length from snout to tip of tail W7b inches. „ „ base of caudal spine 9'26 „ „ „ crescentic edge of ventrals be- neath 7-75 „ „ „ hinder angles of pectorals 7-52 „ axilla of ditto 692 „ „ „ fore point of vent 6-55 „ „ „ posterior gill-opening 5'65 „ „ „ first ditto 2-70 „ „ „ mouth 1'68 „ „ „ middle of nostrils 1'28 „ „ „ centres of spout-holes 2-25 „ „ „ centres of orbits 1'90 „ Width of free edge of nasal flap 075 „ „ between anterior pair of gill-openings 1*82 „ „ between posterior ditto 1"19 „ Longitudinal diameter of eyes 0-45 „ „ „ spout-holes 0-72 „ Distance between ditto 1"10 „ Breadth of disk 800 „ Hab. Storm Bay, Van Diemen's Land. Zeus australis. Richardson. Radii :— Br. 7 ; D. 10|23 ; A. 4l22 ; C. 134- ; P. 14 ; V. 1 15. Plate XXV., fig. 1. A single specimen of this fish, in very bad condition, was brought home. The pectoral, ventral and caudal fins are mutilated, and much of the membrane and filaments of the spinous dorsal have disappeared, so that these parts are not to be considered as exactly represented in the figure. On comparing the specimen carefully with examples of Zeusfaher, the resemblance of the two species is found to be very great. The Australian fish has, however, propor- tionally shorter and stouter dorsal spines, the soft part of the fin occupying rather more space. The fourth spine is the tallest, while in Zeus faher it is the third. The shields at the bases of the dorsal and anal are more numerous, but much less acutely spinous in Zeus austialis, which possesses seven shields under the soft dorsal, and eight along the corresponding part of the anal, besides angular points at the root of the spines. The thoracic and abdo- minal shields are also scarcely spiniferous, while in faher the thoracic shields have thin, acute, falcate points, and the ventral ones support acute spines. The supra-scapular spine is nearly obsolete in australis, and the coracoid pro- cess, above the pectoral, as well as the other angular bones about the head, are less acute. The surfaces of the preoperculuin, and of the frontal bones are flat and striated. In Z. faber the former of these bones is strengthened by a smooth, elevated, central rib, and the frontal bones show a thin edge on the upper surface of the head, forming keels, which end in a small spine on each side of the occiput. This point is smooth and flat in australis. Length, fourteen inches. The specimen is too much decayed to possess any re- mains of colour, and there is no vestige of a lateral spot. In the third volume of the ' Zoological Journal,' I de- scribed a Van Diemen's Land fish under the name of Ca- pros australis, from a coloured drawing, executed by a convict in that colony. It is possible that he had the spe- cies described above before him, in which case he has omitted the spinous shields, and thrown the dorsal fin too far back. The drawing was rose-coloured, without a late- ral spot. Hab. Port Jackson, Australia. Crenidens triglyphus. Richardson. Cu. Spec. Cr. dentibus tricuspidatis ; radiis articulari- bus pinued dorsi spinas altitudine excedentibus. Radii:— Br. 6; D. 15ll2; A. 3|12 ; C. 154; P. 16 ; V. 1|5. Plate XXV., fig. 2. This fish has the physiognomy of Crenidens forskalii, with the same proportion of height to length, but with a rather less convex profile, and somewhat thinner jaws. The outline of the dorsal fin, and the number of rays of the two species, do not correspond, and there are other diff"erences. The suborbitar of Cr. triglyphus is square, with nearly straight edges, and without the small notch at the head of the maxillary which forskalii shows. The scales of the cheek are small, and disappear on the disk of the preoper- culuin and upper border of the gill-cover; the suboper- culum, interoperculum, most of the preoperculuin, and lower part of the operculum, are covered with smooth skin, thickly sprinkled with minute black dots. In the figure of Cr. forskalii, in the Histoire des Poissons (pi. 162 quater), the whole operculum, suboperculum, and in- teroperculum, are covered with pretty large scales. The disk of the preoperculum is smooth, and in both species the edge of this bone is transversely furrowed, producing wide, obtuse crenatures. The operculum of Cr. trir/li/phus ends in a thin, flat, acute point, above which the bone slopes away with a slightly concave curve. In oiu- figure, this bony point is represented rather too much like a spine. A row of pretty large scales crosses the supra-scapular region, as in forskalii, but their disks are covered with smaller scales, so that they are rendered inconspicuous. There are forty-six scales in a row, between the gill- opening and caudal fin, which are generally oblong, with the base truncated, the two sides parallel to each other, and the apex rounded. A meniscoid segment of the tip of the scale is rough with teeth, the outer ones very acute, and ciliating the edge. Behind this there is a small, smooth rectangle. 37 or square, from which the fan-like funows, varying in number from fifteen to twenty-two, radiate sharply, and take in the whole basal edge. Fine lines of structure are visible parallel to the lateral edges of the scale, ceasing at the flat disk. The lateral line is composed of scales traversed by a simple tube, and covered by the scales above and below, so that, comparatively, little of their disk is seen. Many small scales are crowded on the shoul- der at the commencement of the lateral line, mingling imperceptibly with the small ones on the head. The scales behind the ventrals on the under surface of the belly are longer and naiTower. The dorsal and anal fins are embraced at the base by scaly fillets, which Forskal indicates when he says "fossuld in dorso ;" the soft parts of these fins are scaly between the rays, half-way up, and there are also scaly fillets at the base of the spinous rays, not at every ra}', nor exactly alternately. No scales are shown in the fins of Cr. forskalii, in the figure above referred to, nor is mention made of them in the text of the Histoire des Puissons, but those of the body are said to be " tniiices et tisses,,'" so that if there be no mistake, they differ widely from those of Cr. triglyphus. The branchiostegous rays are six in number.* The first five dorsal spines are rather abruptly graduated, the five following ones are all of one length, and the last four are again graduated, but very slightly, the last one being as tall as the fifth one. The first short spine touches the second at its base, but is separated from it by membrane at the tip. The soft part of the fin is higher than the spines, and the last ray is divided to the base. The se- cond and third anal spines are equal to each oilier, and in some specimens, are as tall as the longest dorsal spines, but in the one from which our figure was taken, they are a little shorter. The basal half of the caudal is scaly. This fin is concave on the edge, especially in the smaller spe- cimens, but in the larger ones, when the fin is stretched out it becomes almost even. In the Histoire des Poissons, the dentition of Cr. fors- kalii is described in the following terms : — " II y a deu.v rangees de dents incisives a chaque md- choire, Ve.vteriie de di.v dents, Vinterne de vingt. Ces dents sont larges, aplaties, inserees terticalement sur la mdclioire ; leur bord est festonn6 et denteU par cinq deniicides, dont les trois du milieu depassent de beancoup les laterales. Derriere ces incisives il y a de petites dents grenues et arrondies sur plusieurs rangs. Les pharyn- giennes sont en cardes tres-Jines." The outer teeth of Cr. triglyphus are arranged nearly as above-mentioned, viz., about twenty-two on each limb of each jaw, and here and there the row is doubled, or even trebled, but not in a regular manner. But the inner teeth, though much shorter than the outer ones, are exactly alike in form, pressed closely within each other in five or six rows, so that only the extreme tips project beyond the gum, and give the appearance of a close villiform surface, which is separated by a furrow from the longer teeth on the edge of the jaw, produced by the forward inclination of the latter. It is evident that, as the longer teeth wear * The text of the Histoire des Poissons mentions five gill-rays, while the formula, a few lines lower, marks six. away, their place is supplied by a row from the posterior ones. Each tooth has three blunt lips. The tongue is soft and granular. The roof of the mouth is toothless. The specimens, which have been long preserved in spirits, are dark coloured, with faint lines in the direction of the scales. Length, from five to sixteen inches. Hab. Port Jackson, Australia. Dajaus diemensis. Richardson. Dajaus diemensis. Bich. Zool. Tr. iii. p. 123. Radii:— Br. 6; D.4]— 10; A.31I2; C. 14^; P. 15; V. IjS. Plate XXVI., figs. 1, 2. This mullet is fully described, and the characters which distinguish it from the previously discovered Australian mullets, pointed out in the work above quoted. It was placed in the genus Dajaus, on account of its vomerine and palatine teeth, but its mouth does not exactly corre- spond with that of Dajaus monticola, and differs little from that of some true mullets. The greater number of its anal rays distinguishes it readily from the other mullets of the Australian seas. Many of the scales had dropped fi-om the operculum of our specimens, before they formed the subject of the artist's skill, so that their exact size and distribution on that part may not be quite correctly repre- sented ; the figure is excellent in other parts. Length, from ten to fourteen inches. Hab. Van Diemen's Land and West Australia ; King George's Sound ; Port Arthur. Latris ciliaris. Ch. Spec. L. capite quintam partem longitudiiiis piscis totius ejfficiente ; radiis sex inferioribus pinnai pectoris indivisis ; caudd emarginatd lobis inaqualibus. Radii:— B. 6; D. 17|39; A. SjSS; C. 13|; V.UetG; A. 1|5.* Sciana ciliaris, Descr. An. J. R. Forsteri, cura H. Licht. p. 138, pars descr. Icon Ined. Georg. Forst. No. 209 in Bibl. Banks, serv. Plate XXVI., fig. 6, one-third nat. size, fig. 7, magnified. In the 'Transactions of the Zoological Society' (vol. iii. p. 106), I gave an account of the characters of Latris, which may be considered either as a subdivision of Chei- lodactylus, or as a proper genus, according to the different views of systematic writers. A detailed account of a striped species, named Latris hecateia, accompanied by a con-ect figure, is there given. This is the " Trumpeter" of Van Diemen's Land, the fish w'hich is most prized in the colony lor its edible qualities. Fish of the same genus had been observed on the coast of New Zealand, by the naturalists who accompanied Cook on his first and second voyages. One species was taken in Queen Charlotte's Sound, and named by Solander Scixna salmonea, but he left no description of it, and all that remains for its identi- Thei represents one dorsal spine too many. fication is an unfinished pencil sketch by Parkinson, pre- served in the Banksian Library. This exhibits only fifteen dorsal spines, and does not agree, in that respect, with any specimen we have seen. Another species, procured in Dusky Bay, was named by J. R. Forster Sciana lineata, and his description of it published in Schneider's Bloch, under the appellation of Cichla litieata, and also in the edition of his notes, brought out by Lichtenstein (p. 134). George Forster's sketch of the fish, No. 204, in the Bank- sian Library, differs so much in outline from Latris he- cateia, that I have not thought it expedient to refer both to the same species, though no decided character is no- ticed in the description by which they can be distinguished. A comparison of Dusky Bay and Van Diemen's Land spe- cimens is required to decide the point. There are two other figures by George Forster, which have a closer bearing on the subject of this article than the preceding ones. One numbered 205* in the Banksian collection, is a coloured drawing of a fish taken in Dusky Bay, and named by the natives Moghee. This presents very nearly the outline of Latris hecateia, but wants the lateral stripes of that species, and also the yellow tail of Latris lineuta. It is entitled Latris ciliaris. The other, also inscribed Latris ciliaris, is a pencil sketch of a fish, obtained in Queen Charlotte's Sound on the 25th of Octo- ber, 1774. A description of Latris ciliaris is contained in Lichtenstein's edition of J. R. Forster's notesf (p. 137), and reference is made to a figure by George Forster, but it is not said which of the two is meant, and the exact locality is not noted in this work as it is generally on the drawing, so that we receive no assistance from that consideration, + but we may suppose that figure (No. 205) is the one in- tended, since its dimensions (nine inches in total length), correspond with those given in the text. The rays of the dorsal and anal fins are stated in one paragraph to be, D. 16|43; A. 2,36; and in another to be, D. 16|38; A. 2|32. Such a difference in numbers rarely occurs in the same species, and I think it probable that the descrip- tion was made at different dates, and of two distinct spe- cies. It is with the sketch 209, and the rays enumerated in the last paragraph, as well as in the size, which is stated to be thirty inches, that Sir James Ross's specimen, figured in Plate 26, so nearly corresponds, that 1 have considered them to belong to one species, to which I have applied Forster's name of ciliaris, being unwilling to add to the number of specific names, where it can be avoided. If Forster be supposed to have overlooked the first short and incumbent spine of the dorsal and anal spines, there is no material discrepancy between the rays of our specimen and those enumerated in his concluding paragraph. As to George Forster's figures, no great endeavour at accuracy of numbers has been made, if we may judge by com- paring them with his father's descriptions," but they render * In the comments I made on this figure in the ' Zooh)};ical Tran- sactions,' iii. p. 115, the number of it is erroneously printed 204 instead of 205. t Anthias ciliaris, Schn. Bl p. X In Lichtenstein's work, the pages containing Scicma ciliaris and hneata are headed Nova Hollandia, though in the text the species are said to inhabit the sea of Nova Zeelandia. the generic aspect of the fish, for the most part, very happily. One sentence in J. R. Forster's notes occasioned me some difficulty, " Tubercula bina supra oculos, ciliaria," but I now think that this merely refers to the convexity of the anterior frontal producing an obtuse superciliary ridge. The figiu-es show no other protuberance, although fi-om the conical supra-orbitar projections of the frontal bone, observed in some Cheilodactyli, we might be led to look for something similar in the allied group of Latris. Sir James Ross's specimen, measuring thirty inches in length, was procured at Sidney, and being put into brine, which spoiled during the voyage, reached this country in very bad condition. On this account our figure cannot pretend to perfect accuracy of outline or markings, but in other respects it may be relied upon. The head forms a fifth of the whole length to the tip of the lower lobe of the caudal-fin, and its height at the nape is one-sixth less than its length. The ej'e is high up, and midway between the tip of the snout and apex of the gill- flap. The convex space between the two eyes is less than two diameters of the orbit. The anterior frontal is convex and bulging. The maxillaries are moderately pi-otractile, their pedicels exceeding their dental limbs in length. The limbs of the lower jaw are unusuallj- broad and short, the jaw being articulated oppo.site to the fore edge of the rec- tangular preorbitar. The under lip folds broadly back laterally. The teeth, small, short, and slenderly subidate, are loosely set on both jaws, to the depth of five or six at the symphysis, diminishing to a single one at the corners of the mouth. Their tips are black in the specimen. There are none on the roof of the mouth. The preoperculum has a wide smooth disk, and its outer edge is curved parabolically. The upper limb, which is slightly concave, is finely serrated, the teeth becoming obsolete on the rounded corner. The operculum is large, and permits only a narrow subopercidum to appear beneath it. The disk of the interoperculum is comparatively broad. All these bones have entire edges. An occipital crest runs back on the nape, rendering it acute. The distance from its ridge to the ujjper edge of the gill-cover, exceeds a third of the height of the head. The belly is said to be keeled in Forster's notes. We cannot make out its true form from the specimen, but in Latris lineata the sides are compressed, and the belly acute behind the ventrals, yet there is a flattish under surface before these fins, and it is probable that ciliaris resembles it in these respects. The scales are arranged much as in the Scicciiidee. Those which compose the lateral line are traversed by a simple slender tube, and are notched at the tip. They are smaller than the others, and being overlapped by the adjoining scales both above and below, very little of their disk is seen. They amount to about eighty-four in num- ber, and diminish considerably in size towards the base of the caudal fin. There are twenty-four or twenty-five scales in a vertical row over the ventrals. The scaly fillets along the bases of the dorsal and anal fins exist, as is usual in the genus. The first dorsal .spine is incumbent on the lower half of the second one, and when invested with soft integument, they would naturally be reckoned only as a single spine, as Forster seems to have done. The two posterior articulated rays of this fin are approximated, and might also be enumerated as one. The first anal spine is so minute, that it can scarcely be found without dissection. The second one is also very short, but it is thicker, and obtuse. The third one scarcely exceeds a third of the height of the succeeding articulated ray, and is slender and tapering. The last anal ray is divided to the base, and might be reckoned as two. The ventrals are placed under the fifth and sixth dorsal spines, and the posterior third of the pectorals. The lobes of the caudal are une- qual, the lower one being largest. This form of the caudal is very general with the Cheilodactyll and Latres. Hab. Sidney Cove, Australia. Myctophum boops. Richardson. Ch. Spec. Myct. altitudine corporis vel longitudine ca- pitis quintam partem longitudinis piscis totius tequaitte ; oculo mag)io spatium interocularem e.vcedenti ; appa- ratu lucido, cariiinto f route valde conspicuo ; pinnd dorsi supra veiitralcs aiilepositas incipienti ; pinnis pectoris aitum aitiiigevtibiis. Radii : — D. U— 0; A. 20 ; C. 17| ; P. 1.5 ; V. 8. Plate XXVII., figs. 6-12. Many Mediterranean fish of the natural family of Sal- tnonid. Myctophum hians. Richardson. Ch. Spec. Myct. ore laxissimo ; pinnd dorsi post ven- trales incipienti ; pinnd ani longd ; allitudine corporis quintam partem longitudinis totius aquanti ; caudd gracillimd, elongatd. Radii. — D. 14; A. 22; C. 22; P. 15; V. 8. Plate XXVJI., figs. 19, 20, 21. This species has a gape as wide as Lampanyclus, and the dorsal placed farther back than is usual in Myctophum, with a longer anal. It possesses the common clavate out- line, with an obtuse forehead, and very slender tail. The height of the body equals one-fifth of the total length, caudal included. The short dorsal stands between the ventrals and anal, and the top of the tail, behind the minute adipose fin, is flattish, and exhibits a row of bright specks laterally, corresponding to the number of the scales that cover it. The anal fin is proportionally long. One half of the gape is behind the eye, and the preoper- culum has a corresponding inclination backwards. The maxillaries are very slender, with merely a slight oval dilatation at their ends. Teeth on the jaws subulate, slender, and acute; three rows on the lower jaw, and two on the intermaxillaries. There is not much difference in their height, but the row which is on the edge of the jaw appears taller when held up to the light. There is a single row on the edge of the palate bones, like those of the jaw, and two or three irregular rows of granular teeth at its base. None were discovered on the chevron of the vomer. The scales of the lateral line are narrower, higher, and more numerous than in the other species, being forty-one, and there is only one complete row above them, while in the preceding Myctophi there are two. The rest of the scales are roundish, with the base less curved, and crossed by four or five furrows. (Fig. 20, 21.) I am unable to describe the shining apparatus on the forehead, the jaws having come away while the specimen was in the artist's hands, before I had properly examined them. There seemed to be, however, a small mesial crest between the eyes, and anotlier between the nostrils ; and it is probable that the glandular matter was deposited on each side of them. The top of the tail between the adi- pose fin and caudal is flat, and is covered with a nacry matter. There are nineteen bright opal dots over the anal, two, as usual, on the lower base of the caudal, and the others which we observe in the rest of the Oceanic Myctophi. Length, two inches. I examined the intestines of one of the small specimens, but it was too much decayed for me to ascertain the spe- cies. The gullet is narrow, below which a wider cyhn- drical tube descends, to unite with an ascending pyloric branch of equal size. More than half the length of the stomach lies beneath their junction, in form of a conical sac, which was very dark-coloured, from its contents. The gut, on the contrary, is thin, delicate, transparent, and slightly puckered, but not convoluted. There are about six pyloric caeca, of unequal lengths. The air- G 42 bladder had broken down, and appeared to be small and nacry. The vertebrae of this species are thirty-nine in number. Hab. This Myctophum was put up along with the others, and was most likely taken in the same parts of the Ocean. Lampanyctus eesplendens. Richardson. Ch. spec. L. pinna pectorali longd ; pinndque dorsi magna ; ossibus preorbitalibus, niandihularibusque lineis scabris percursis. Radii:— B. 6 vel 8 ; D. 23—0; A. 18; C. 17| + | spines ; P. 13 ; V. 8. Plate XXVII,, figs. 16, 17,18. The Prince of Musignano separated this genus from Myctophum, on account of the greater length of the pec- torals, and the somewhat pike-like depressed snout, giving the fish altogether a diff'erent physiognomy. The species that we have to describe differs considerably from the Myctophi in the profile of the head, and in the size of the dorsal, but the pectorals are more like those of that genus than of Lampamjcius bonapartii. Form more spindle-like, and less clavate, than that of IMyctoplmm. Height of body contained five or six times in the total length, while the length of the head is con- tained only four times. The thickness of the body for- wards, and the height of the tail behind the adipose fin, are each about equal to half the height of the shoulder. The profile slopes with a slight convexity up to the dorsal line, which is very moderately arched ; and the belly is still more flat. The rather large eye is placed well forwards near the snout, and the preo])erculum, consequently, has a large backward slope. The hinder edge of the preoperculum is parallel to the preoperculum, but has a wide, shallow concavity ; while the suboperculum, which forms, as usual, the apex of the gill-cover, slopes in the opposite direction, giving to the entire flap a very difterent form to the nearly vertical convex edge which it exhibits in the Myctophi. The nostrils are rather peculiar, one orifice being a short vertical slit, separated from the orbit by a thin, vertical, cartilaginous crest or valve. The other orifice is a round opening, with slightly elevated edges, and lies conti- guously and on the inside of the other. An obtuse me- sial ridge separates the pairs of nostrils, and behind the ridge, between the eyes, there is a small shallow depres- sion. The skin lining it is entire and granular, but whe- ther any of the glandular substance seen on the foreheads of the Myctophi was deposited in this spot, cannot be made out from the specimens, which have been long in spirits. The top of the head is scaly up to this depression, which does not go farther back than the anterior third of the orbit. The circumference of the nostrils is rough, and the suborbitar bones and lower jaw are crossed by parallel rough lines. The cheeks and gill-plates are covered by a few large oblique scales, which are very deciduous, and as the specimens were all more or less injured, their exact number and disposition could not be ascertained. They are represented in fig. 16, as well as they could be made out from the inspection of six examples. The preorbitar and fore part of the operculum and suboperculum are mi- nutely grooved. The large dorsal extends from before the ventrals to past the middle of the anal. The adipose fin is small. The tail is armed on its upper edge, close to the base of the caudal, by seven short spines, and below by nine, which are distinctly visible to the naked eye. All the fins have been more or less injured on the tips, but the figure is completed from the aggregate of the specimens. The nar- row scaly gill-membranes fringe the limbs of the lower jaw, and are supported by six (or perhaps eight) gill- rays.* An even band of very short villiform teeth arms both jaws, exterior to the acute edge. The row which crowns the edge is not actually taller than the others, but appears so from its position. A similar band arms the edge of each palate bone, and there is a large oval patch of very minute granular teeth, nearly covering the convex disk of that bone. There are no teeth on the chevron of the vomer. The gills come forward within the limbs of the jaw, close to the chin, leaving no tongue, except the very narrow union of their arches. A prominent mesial ridge, armed with minute teeth, separates these arches below, and it is flanked on each side by slender rough rakers, whose tips project into the cavity of the mouth. The upper pharyngeals make two distinct prominent cushions on each side, bristling with minute, acute teeth. The lower pharyngeals are armed with still finer teeth. There are thirty-seven scales on the lateral line, all of them fissured or notched in the middle of their free edge, and furnished with a wide tube towards their base. The other scales are suborbicular, and have five or six fan-like furrows on the base, with a few faint lines radiating from the centre, across the rest of their disk. The pearly dots are distributed nearly as in the Mycto- phi, there being fourteen of them over the anal. There is, besides, a row of oblique, orange-coloured or shining specks, running backwards from the supra-scapulars over the shoulders. The row is interrupted, and recommences higher up, beneath the fourth or fifth dorsal rays, and is continued to the end of that fin. There are similar specks on the small rays at the base of the caudal, above and below, and the flat upper surface of the tail, behind the adipose fin, is covered with the same yellowish matter. There are also a few specks of it on the flanks. These pale or yellowish specks are very distinct from the opal dots, and are more superficial. The stomach of this fish is a pretty large cylindrical sac, with an obtusely conical apex, and a short, ascending, pyloric branch springing from near its middle. The gullet is more contracted. The pyloric creca lie in two clusters, one of four, and the other of three, unequal in length, the longest exceeding that of the pyloric fork of the sto- mach. The stomach is black, like the inside of the mouth, * I could only obsene six, but it may be that one or two escaped ray search. 43 Ihe gut is white, thin, and delicate, a little flexuosc, but not convoluted, and it is twice the length of the stomach. Length, four inches. IIab. The exact localities where this fish was taken are unknown ; but it is supposed to be, like the Myctophi, an inhabitant generally of the warmer parts of both oceans. Hemiscyllium trispeculaue. Richardson. Plate XXVIII. Hemiscyllium trispeculare, Richardsou, Icones Piscium. Lond. 1843, p. 5, Plale I., fig. 3. This species was first made known in the work above quoted, wherein a coloured figure is given from a drawing by Lieutenant Emery, of Her Majesty's ship Beagle, of a specimen taken at Turtle Island, on the north-west coast of Australia. A specimen, in perfect condition, obtained by Benjamin Bynoe, Esq., Surgeon of the Royal Navy, on the same coast, has entirely removed the doubts I en- tertained of this fish being a variety of the previously known species Hemiscyllium ocellatum. In general form the two differ little ; but in trispeculare the pectoral, dorsal and anal are somewhat more distant from the tip of the snout, and more definite discrepances exist in the shape of the scales, and the form and distribution of the spots on the body. H. trispeculare has an obtuse snout, from whence the profile rises in a convex cun'e, to blend with the dorsal line opposite to the pectorals. It then descends a little to the first dorsal, and runs straight from thence to the caudal fin, whose upper border is slightly arched. The ventral line is more nearly straight, the belly being only moderately prominent. Between the pectorals and ven- trals, where the body is thickest, the vertical and trans- verse diameters are equal, and measure two inches in our specimen. The belly is wider and flatter than the back, and the fish tapers gi'adnally to the beginning of the anal fin, at which place the height has diminished to one-third. Behind the second dorsal, the compression of the tail be- comes evident, and goes on increasing to the tip. On its upper surface the head is flatly rounded trans- versely, varied by a slight prominence of the eyebrows. From above the pectorals, to the first dorsal, the muscles, swelling on the top of the back, produce a mesial furrow, which is replaced by a low, rounded ridge between the dorsals, the narrower top of the back there being flatfish. The same form extends for a space behind the second dorsal, but in the increased compression of the tail, at the origin of the caudal fin, the flatness above is wholly lost, and the blunt upper edge of the fin appears as a continua- tion merely of the mesial ridge. The tip of the caudal is rounded, with a minute notch at the point of the spine, dividing it into two lobes, the lower of which is largest. In our specimen of ocellatum, this small notch is wanting. The belly is flattish below, and the swelling of the side muscles between the claspers and anal forms a mesial furrow. The spiracles, which are curved and rather oblique, have the same relative position as in ocellatuui , and the folds about the nostrils and mouth are also essentially the same as in that species. The inner nasal flap ends squarely on the edge of the mouth, and is flanked exteriorly by a thickish, tapering barbel, which originates at the anterior end of the nasal furrow. A middle .space separates the nasal flap of one nostril from that of the other, and the outer border of each nostril swells into a thick roll, which also reaches the orifice of the mouth, and is there sepa- rated by a deep scalcless fissure from the large rolls at the corner of the mouth, or, as they may be considered, the late- ral lips. At first sight, the lower lip seems to consist of three lobes, and the side lobes have actually free edges, and are bounded by scaleless membranous fissures, but the middle lobe is merely a pouting of the part continuous with the scaly integument of the throat. The surfaces of all the flaps or lips which have been mentioned are scaly, but the fissures are smooth and membranous, and when the outer lobes of the lower lip are raised, they seem to be retained by a membranous bridle. The teeth are three-lobed, all the lobes being obtuse in such teeth as have advanced to the edge of the jaw, but the posterior and newer ones have the middle or hinder lobe more elongated and pointed. In the upper jaw, be- hind the dental plates, there is a thickish, plaited velum, having a shaggy surface. In the lower jaw, a central bridle runs to the tip of the tongue, dividing, in its course, two concentric folds of membrane, looking like two rela, and, when the tongue is raised, forming two cells on each side of the bridle. The last three gill-openings are over the pectoral, and the last two are nearer to one another than any other pair, contrary to a remark of Miiller and Henle, that in this genus the last two openings are not approximated. We observe the same thing in our specimen of ocellatum. The skin has a peculiarly neat, smooth, shining, though granular aspect, and feels rough only when the finger is drawn towards the head. Figure 7 represents a scale of trispeculare, and figure 8, one of ocellatum, showing their difl"erence of form. Although there is a general resemblance in the bands and distribution of the black patches on the fins of the two species, the markings on the body differ very greatly. In trispeculare, the spots, having a dark and rich brown colour, are in clusters of three or four, united into a larger spot by a lighter brown tint ; while in ocellatum they are single, fewer, and more scattered. The black spot with a pale border, behind the gill-opening, is oblong in ocel- latum ; but in trispeculare it is perfectly round, and two of the compound spots behind it being much darker than the rest, form, as it were, two additional ocelli, but not so perfect as the principal one. Much smaller spots thickly cover the top and sides of the head of trispeculare, and the ground-colour of the fish is represented in Lieutenant Emery's drawing as yellow. The belly is spotless in both species. As the figure gives the form and distriburion of the spots and bands with much accuracy, it is unnecessary to describe them at gi-cater length. On opening the belly, the liver is seen hiding the intes- tines. A deep cleft divides it into two lobes, the right one, ending in an acute lanceolate tip, being the longest. The left lobe is broader, and from beneath its obliquely trun- cated end, the fundus of the stomach appears, having the G 2 44 spleen, shaped like the head of an arrow, attached to its beud. These parts are represented in the first woodcut, a little separated, that their form may be better seen. On removing the liver, the intestines come into view, as in the second cut. A thick, dark purple, muscular oesophagus opens into a wide, white, ovate stomach, with a narrow gut passing from the right of its fundus, making a short sig- moid flexure, and entering a wide colon, which is traversed by a spiral valve. An ample rectum completes the canal, and is shown in the cut, suspended by a portion of the mesentery, with a gland close to it. The testes are drawn to the right, that they may be seen, and above them there is a glandular body, composed of large compressed acini, which separate from each other when the containing cap- sule is ruptured. The cuts show the viscera of their proper size, and we have used the terms right and left in reference to their natural position in the fish, with its belly downwards. DIMENSIONS. Length from the end of the suout to the tip of the tail ... 22-50 inches. „ „ first dorsal 8-25 „ „ „ anus 6-88 „ ,. „ ventrals 6-40 „ n „ last gill-opening.. 3'50 „ „ „ first ditto 2-50 „ 1. „ pectorals 2-73 „ )t „ spiracles 1-50 „ eye 1-35 „ I) „ mouth 038 „ Distance between the anus and tail fin 11-35 „ Length of claspers along their interior edges 270 „ „ tail fin, two under lobes 3-80 AcANTHiAS. Miiller and Henle. Plate XXVIII., fig. -5. This figure is copied from a drawing of a foetal shark by Dr. Hooker, executed on the Australian coast. Miiller and Henle state that the Acanthias vulgaris is an inha- bitant of the southern seas, and that the young are spotted with white. They say nothing, however, of the black patches on the fins, and we have, therefore, introduced the figure, that it may be compared with equally young exam- ples of that species. Rynch.\na greyi. Richardson. Species nnica adhuc detecta. Radii: — Br. 3; D. 3|11 ; A. 21?; C. 19| ; P. 11; V. 9. Plate XXIX., figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. We owe this remarkable Cyprinoid to His Excellency Captain George Grey, Lieutenant-Governor of West Aus- tralia, whose exertions in the cause of Zoology have been productive of several important discoveries. One Cypri- noid [Ptycholepis) had been previously detected at the northern extremity of Australia, and the existence of another in the south-western corner of that land, now as- certained, is an important fact in the history of the geo- graphical distribution of fish. Further researches will probably show, that the absence, or even rarity of mem- 45 bers of this family in that district of the world, has been erroneously asserted ; and when one reflects that the Cy- prinidie are numerous in Java, and the adjoining chain of islands, a reasonable hope is naturally excited, of the existence of similar species on the opposite, and not far distant north-western coasts of Australia. A family which is almost wholly located in fresh waters, cannot be very abundant in the small islands of Polynesia ; but the ma- rine species above alluded to traverses Torres Straits to the island of Tanna. The rivers of the southern parts of Australia, being more like morasses, or strings of ponds of impure water, than healthy streams, are unsuitable for the nourishment of many kinds of fish ; but within the tro- jncs, where periodical and abundant rains fall, the rivers, whether small or large, are likely to be of a very different character, and to nourish many kinds of fish. Ichthyology has hitherto been considered as so secondary an object, that few or none of our surveying officers have pursued the search for fish with proper nets, and in a suitable manner ; yet, in a new colony especially, a knowledge of the neighbouring fishing-banks is of the first importance, and may be turned to good account. Sir James Ross's success in the discovery of novel and interesting forms offish, may be attributed to the constant employment of a towing net, and to his use of a dredge whenever practicable. The stomachs of seals and sea- birds were explored with success by him and Dr. Hooker. The Cypriuoid we have at present to describe, is quite a new form, and when the figures in Plate 29 were drawn, our only materials were two dried specimens from West Australia ; but within a few days we have had, through the kindness of Professor Owen, an opportunity of inspecting a specimen, very perfectly preserved in spirits, sent from New Zealand by Captain Sir Everard Home, of the North Star. We are thereby enabled to give some anatomical particulars, and to amend the description of the lips, which is not quite correctly given in fig. .3, owing to the contrac- tion of the parts in drying. This is remedied by the intro- duction nt I wo il tut ( \liiliiting the mouth, when closed.* e ^^""f^ The stninadi cniitained some blackish matter, mixed with grains of sand, and between the gills were fragments of a turbinated shell, old and worn, which had been long dead and evidently taken into the mouth along with the matters on which the fish preyed. The fragments were much too large to pass the oesophagus. Tins seems to be evidence of the fish finding its food among the sand or mud of the bottom, as indeed its form and position, so similar to the mouths of the sturgeons, would lead us naturally to infer. * Even this cut does not exhibit the rostral barbel and the labial papillee so clearly as I could have wished. The following is a summary of its most remarkable external characters. Rynchana, i. p. ^i^vxava, vasuia. Forma elotigala, inter C'yprinidas lovf/issima. Caput cotiinini i)hi(/iie jira'tcr iit1>ia .siiiuniiosiin). Rostrum vlha osrii/in/i iiroduci inn, co/iirin/i, nriilum, infrit cirrho parvido, wediaiio, so/ihirio .sitp/x'dilii/uni. Osculum in/eruin, ad suyeiidum apt ion, riclii palulo semi- rotmido. Labia trnnsrcrsini .sulcata papulosa ciliata. Lahiinn siiperiiin ad angulum oris lobulatuni . Labium infer inn tri-lohiilatinn. Dentes pharyngei, hreres, gracilenti, cylitidrici, iruncati, siihpavimentnti. Radii branchiostegi Ires. Membrana branchiostega cum ijiilo coalescens et aperturam solummodo verticalem iimitans. Pinna dorsi brevis, ventrales valde reiropositas oppo- nens : spinis validis nullis. Pinna ani in medio inter pinnas dorsi caudmqne posita. Pinna omnes inter radios squamosa. Appendices long. 133. Plate XXXI., fig. 1, 2, 3, 5, natural size., fig. 4 magnified. The form of this fish is pretty regular, the central and dorsal curves differing but little from each other. The slope from the upper lip to the dorsal is gradual, and simi- lar to the posterior curve of the back, and the height of the body, which is greatest under the fifth dorsal spine, is equal to the length of the head, and is contained three times and a half in the total length of the fish. Forster makes the head one-sixth of the total length, but his measurement is evidently made on the crown of the head, and not to the tip of the gill-cover. The thickness of the body is inferior to half its height. A small canine tooth stands forward at the angle of the mouth, being implanted in the upper jaw ; and behind the single visible row of teeth in both jaws there are much small- er ones similar to them in form nearly hidden by the soft parts. Other Lahri have also these interior teeth, and the dorsal and anal fins are quite destitute of the scaly sheaths of the Cosyphi, neither is there any enlargement of the jaws. There are many pores on the preorbitar, the subor- bitar bones, the preoperculura, temples, upper surface of the cranium, and first row of nuchal scales. The cheeks are covered by five or six rows of small scales, but on the gill-cover the scales are as large as those of the body. The lateral line is traced on twenty- eight scales, and descends suddenly behind the dorsal and anal fins for the breadth of a scale. Its muciferous canals on the anterior scales make a single fork like the letter Y, but are more branched on the posterior ones. Each scale is obscurely three-lobed at the base, with numerous fan-like furrows, and there are also some less regular diverging lines on the exposed part of the disk. The spines of the dorsal and anal are rather slender, and the caudal is even at the end. Forster describes the colours as follows : forehead and back deep reddish brown, the sides green, and the belly silvery white. Caudal fin and gill-covers greenish brown, a roundish black spot an inch and a half in diameter, high on the side opposite to the anus, and three obsolete brown- ish black streaks towards the tail. The pectoral, ventral, and anal fins are yellow ; the latter being marked by two or three black spots, and the dorsal by more scattered ones. Our specimens have lost their original tints by long maceration in spirits, but the lateral spot is still con- spicuous, though of a smaller size than it is described to be by Forster. It is crossed by the lateral line. The disks of the scales are much darker than their margins, especially on the flanks ; there are two dark streaks on the temples, a few spots on the anal, and the dorsal is clouded by ill-de- fined spots. Obs. The Spams notatus of Solander (Mss. Pise. Austr. ; Parkinson 37, Icon ined. Bibl. Banks ; Richardson, Ann. and Mag. of Nat. Hist. xi. p. 425), has considerable re- semblance to this species in the distribution of its dark tints, as well as in its external form, but the large, oval, black spot is situated some distance below the lateral line. The Labrus pcecilopleura of New Zealand, as far as we can judge from the description of it in the ' Histoire des Poissons,' (p. 13, 95), does not differ specifically from Solander's notatus. These species, and several other Aus- tralian Lahri, viz. L. tetricus, fucicola, laticlavius, and psittaculus (Richardson, Zool. Trans.) ; and also the L. ephippiuni and gayi of the ' Histoire des Poissons,' agree with celidotus in the numbers of the dorsal and anal spines, and differ widely in that character from the Eu- ropean Lahri. Hab. Seas of New Zealand and Australia, Southern Is- land of New Zealand, (Forster) ; Woosung, North of China, (Sir Everard Home). Labrus botryocosmus. Richardson. Radii :— D. 9|11 ; A. 3|10 ; C. 12| ; P. 12 ; V. 1|5. Plate XXXI., figs. C, 7, 8, & 10. natural size ; 9 magnified. This Labrus is very much like the preceding one, the most palpable difference being the existence of a cluster of black dots above the lateral line and under the posterior dorsal spines, with a longitudinal bar on the dorsal and another on the anal, in place of the lateral s])ot and other markings of celidotus. There is also a pale blue streak running up the posterior border of the preorbitar and along the suborbitar chain. The dentition does not differ from that of celidotus, and there is a similar minute canine at the angle of the mouth. On comparing the specimens closely with one another, the following differences were detected in form. The profile of the snout of botryocosmus is gibbous, its snout is wider, and the curve formed by the junction of the cranium with the scaly nape is more contracted than in celidotus. The posterior limb of the preoperculum is nearly erect, and meets the lower limb at a right angle, while in celidotus the angle is much more open. The scales of botryocosmus are in general more elongated, and the tubes which mark out the lateral line are simply forked in the tail, and move branched anteriorly, contrary to what is observed in celidotus. Hab. Coasts of South Australia and Van Diemen's Land. Macrourus, vel Lepidorhynchus denticolatus. Richardson. Ch. Spec. M. squamis ovalibus rotundatisve nan carina- tis postice spinuloso-hirtis ; radio pinnte dorsi antico submutico ; piiitid dorsi secundd lonyius pone anum incipienti. Radii: — D. 12—? A.—? P. 18. Plate XXXII., fig. 1. natural size ; 2, 3, magnified. About eight species of this genus are now known ; viz. two which inhabit the Greenland seas, two belonging to 54 the Mediterranean and adjoining districts of the Atlantic, one to the Canaries, one to the sea of Japan, and two to the seas of Australia. The chief peculiarities of the spe- cies now first named are indicated in the specific character given above. It agrees with M. stromii of E,heinhardt, and the M.calorrhynchus of the Mediterranean and Madeira, in the scales being armed on the exposed part of their disk by slender subulate or setaceous spines, not disposed in any definite order. M. fabricii (Sundevall), M. sclerorhynchus (Valenciennes), and M. australis (Richai'dson, Zool. iii. p. 151, pi. 8, & 1) have the scales armed with spines ranged in rows and incumbent on each other, forming toothed ridges. The trachyrhynchus of the Mediterranean, and japonicus (Temni. et Schleg; Krusenstern, t. 60, f. 8, 9), differ from the others, in having tapering acute snouts. Our specimen of M. detiticukitus was thrown up on the beach of South Australia, and has lost the end of its tail. It was dried, and the soft parts about the snout have shri- velled away, so that the true form of that part is still unknown. The mouth appears to be more nearly terminal than in the other species, and is certainly much more so than in M. amiralis. The eye also is larger, and the flat cheek and sloping disk of the preoperculum do not taper to a point as in that species. There is a thin temporal ridge ; the first dorsal is tall, the second one low, and commen- cing a good way behind the anus. The first ventral ray ter- minates in a slender filament, and the upper jaw is armed by longer and more widely set teeth than that of aus- tralis. A scale from the lateral line is shown in pi. 32, fig. 3, and one from another place on the side in fig. 4. Hab. Coasts of South Australia. NoTACANTHUS SEXSPiNis. RichardsoH. Ch. Spec. N. capite conico, rostra obtnso ; apicibus den- iium lanceolatis ; pinnis pectoris ad aperturam bran- chiarum approximatis. Radii : — D. 6|1 ; A. ]4|— ? P. 13 vel 14 ; V. 2'{J, cum pari suo coiijuyatd. Plate XXXII., figs. 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, nat. size ; 6, 10, 11, magn. The specimen from which our figure was made, was thrown ashore in King George's Sound, and has lost part of its tail. It was prepared simply by drying, and on soak- ing it well in water it resumed its former dimensions, in which state it was drawn by the artist. In general form it resembles A^. nasus,* but the snout, though blunt at the point, is more exactly conical, and the profile, instead of being gibbous just behind the eye, has a gentle straight declivity which unites imperceptibly with the dorsal line. The mouth is farther back than in nasus, the front part of the cleft being under the nostrils and the posterior corner opposite to the middle of the eye. The maxillary forks at the lower end, its upper prong being an acute subulate Not. nasus ; fronte yibho ; dentibits subulatis parum compressis ; pinnis pectoris ub aperturd branchiarum remolis. Radii ;— D. 11—; A. C. 13 136 ; P. 16 ; V. 3l8. spine, and the lower one a thin linear slip of bone which curves slightly round the corner of the mouth, and is con- cealed in the thickness of the lip. In N. nasus, the upper lip forms an obtuse pendulous lobe at the corner of the mouth, and the maxillary has also a spinous point, which is represented in pi. 55, fig. 2 of the new French edition of the ' Regne Animal,' but omitted by Bloch. Judging from the French figure, the naked parts about the mouth seem to be more extensive in nasus. In se.vspiiiis the scaly integu- ment comes close to the upper teeth, but the lower lip is naked : the rest of the head is densely scaly, so that the forms of the bones cannot be made out. The upper teeth (fig. 10) are compressed, with lanceolate, acute tips, which point obliquely backwards. The under ones (fig. 11) are closely set, and have hair-like erect stems with acute slightly incurved tips. The palatine and vo- merine teeth ai'e smaller and more subulate than those of the lower jaw, and are ranged in a single series, forming an arc within those of the upper jaw. There are about twenty or twenty-one on each side of the upper jaw, and twenty-four on each limb of the lower one. The scales are small, oval, and impressed by fine furrows, which radiate from an eccentric point. The lateral line is nearly straight and runs above the middle of the height. The first dorsal spine stands opposite to the posterior third of the ventrals, as in nasus, and the third one is op- posite to the first anal spine. A small, forked, jointed ray stands in the axilla of the last dorsal spine. Both the ven- tral spines and the last two dorsal ones are obsoletely jointed, though they are stiff and pungent. The ventrals are completely united to each other, so as to form but one fin, as represented by fig. 5. The anal commences with fourteen acute, pungent spines, but joints are distinctly perceptible in three or four of the ]50sterior ones. The tail being mutilated, we cannot state the number of the soft anal rays, but the form of the portion of fin which remains is much like that of nasus. The series of glandular points represented as running along the base of the anal, in the fi- gure of nasus, published in the ' Regne Animal,' were not apparent in the specimen of sexspiiiis. Our fish, when en- tire, must have been upwards of thirteen inches long. Hab. King George's Sound, Australia. Uranoscopus maculatus. Forster. Radii:— D. 18 vel 19; A. 17 vel 18; C. V. 1|5. P. 1( Uranoscopus maculosus, Solander, Pise. AusU. MSS., p. 21, An. 1770. Ur. maculatus, J. R. Forster, apud Schn. p. 49, An. 1801. Icon, G. Forster, 176, 177, Bib. Banks. ; Richardson, An. and Mag. of Nat. Hist. ix. p. 207, An. 1842 ; Forster, Descript. Anim. cura Lioht. p. 118, 1844. I7r. monopteri/gius, Schn. Ur. cirrhosus, C. et V. iii. p. 314, An. 1829. Ur. Forsteri, Id. iii. p. 318. Ur. Kouripouia, Less. Voy. par M. Duperry, pi. 18, An. 1830. Plate XXXIII., figs. 1—3, natural size. Solander detected and described this fish, but his notes remaining in manuscript, the species was first made known by Schneider from the papers of Forster. As there are several Uranoscopcs with single dorsals, Cuvier hasjustly 65 objected to the specific name of tnonopterygitis, as not be- ing discriminative, but as this fault is common to very man}' of the scientific appellations given to fish, the rule of adhering to the earliest published name, if not preoccupied, seems to be preferable to the introduction of the very nu- merous changes which would result from an attempt to rec- tify all objectionable names, and we have, therefore, ad- hered to Forster's name of macitlatns, which was published by Schneider simultaneously with the newer and even less distinctive appellation invented by himself, especially as Forster's differs little from that of maculosus bestowed on the fish by Solander, its first describer. We have seen several specimens, both from New Zealand and Van Die- men's Land, and have figured one of them, because Lesson's plate does not appear to us to be a satisfactory representa- tion of the species. The top of the head is quite flat, from the occiput to the end of the snout, and transversely as far as the temples and outer edges of the orbits. A square membranous space is bounded laterally by the rough borders of the orbits, and behind by a cross ridge of bone connecting these borders ; the fore edge of the membrane that crosses the pedicles of the intermaxillaries is cut away in a shal- low curve, and is the anterior boundary of the square space. The intermaxillaries lie in the same plane with the snout, and descend very slightly when protruded. Cuvier describes the granulations of the cranial plates, as being arranged in lines radiating from nine centres like so many stars, viz., in two rows of four each, and a single roundish occipital plate on the mesial line. It is not easy to make out the nine centres here mentioned. The exact forms of the plates are shown in fig. 2, and most of them are roughened by minute points crowded without order. The outermost posterior plates, however, and two middle pairs, show some radiating lines. The borders of the orbits are very slightly raised, and the granulations of the super- ciliary plates show a tendency to run in lines. The preor- bitar projects two acute points over the limb of the maxil- lary ; and the three suborbitars which follow occupy but a small part of the cheek, and are all irregularly gi-anulated. The preoperculum is curved in the arc of a circle, is coarsely granulated at its upper end, and covered elsewhere with smooth integument, which is perforated by a double row of pores. Vertical granular lines mark the operculum, with a few coarser grains at its upper angle, but in the recent fish these rough parts are mostly concealed by the integu- ment. The supra-scapulars are densely granulated oblong plates, which in conjunction with the mesial occipital plate form the boundary of the nape. The scapular (or humeral) bone emits a strong spine over the upper angle of the gill- opening ; it is slightly curved at the point, and half an inch long in a fish which measures seven inches, though the tips only protrude through the skin. Forster describes it as ^^ spina valida horizontalis, apice extrorsum fiexd, polUcaris" in a specimen which measured twenty-two inches. The lips are closely fringed with very short slen- der cirrhi, just visible to the naked eye, and there is a short thick barbel on the chin, which seems to have escaped Forster's notice, and is not indeed very readily discovered unless it be looked for. A slender filament protrudes from within the velum of the lower jaw. The dental plates are coarsely and thinly villiform at the symphyses and taper away on the limbs of the jaws. The vomerine teeth are minutely villiform, being scarcely visible to the naked eye, and a cluster of three or four somewhat larger ones, crowded together, exists on the fore part of each palate bone, these bones being otherwise toothless. A row of pores runs along the limb of tlie lower jaw to the preoperculum. The eye is fringed by a narrow toothed membrane, which is not easily seen unless the eyeball be protruded. The lateral line curves gradually from the outer end of the suprasca- pular towards the beginning of the dorsal, and then runs near the base of that fin, approaching it gradually and slightly in its course ; when it arrives at the base of the caudal it bends suddenly downwards to pass between the middle rays of the fin. Throughout its length short lateral branches fringe it beneath, each ending in a muciferous pore. The scales of the body are similar and of an oblong shape. None exist above the lateral lines, nor on the other parts mentioned as being naked in the ' Histoire des Poissons.' All the rays of the dorsal are jointed, the spi- nous fin being deficient, but in the dried specimen four ob- tuse points press up the skin, like so many interspinous bones before the first ray. The markings are represented in the figure as they exist in a specimen which has been long macerated in spirits, but the following is Solander's desciuption of a recent fish. " Piscis superiie virescenti-griseus maculis rotundis dilute et sordide Jlavicantibus ; subtus e virescente albus. Ca- put supra cavernosum, pallide ejlavicante et griseo nebu- losum. Oculi parvi. Iris griseo et albido inarmorata. Pupilla nigra, superne et inferne lobulo griseo uotata. Pinna dorsalis subglauca : vittd infra medium lata, al- bidcl : radiis supra vittam fuscis, apicibus rubicundis. PinncB pectorales extus olivacea;, maculis rotundis e vires- cente albidis fulvo marmoratis, interne obscuriores ; basi colore pectoris ; margines anteriores et posteriores albidce. PinncB ventrales et anales colore pectoris. Pinna caudaiis e rubicundo griscescens, fascia ante medium sub-inter- ruptd, lata, sordide ex albido virescenti ; margo posticus Tubescitr Forster merely says in regard to colour, " Cor- pus supra pallide fuscum, maculis pallidioribus [in qui- busdam albis seu arge7iteis), subtus candicanti argenteumP " Pupilla nigra, iride aurea ; membrand nictilante in- tegrd."* Forster's specimens measured twenty-two inches, and are mostly about seven or eight inches long. Hab. Seas of New Zealand and Australia. (Also Ota- heiti, Forster). Uranoscopds macropygus. Richardson. R.\Dii :— D. 30 ; A. 37; C. 8| ; P. 19 ; V. 1|5. Ch. Spec. U. capite laevi inermi ; ano sub axilla pinnce pectoris magnm posilo ; pinnd ani longissimd ante pin- nam dorsi unicam incipienti et ad pinnam caudte * This seems to have been an oversight, arising from the eye being examined wlien retracted, for the eye-ball is surrounded by a denticulated fringe. 56 usque exlensd ; squamis mediocriius ; lined lateralis mediand recta, squamis majusculis tectd. Plate XXXIII., figs. 4—6, natural size. This Uranoscope differs widely from others of the genus in aspect and several well marked characters. The for- ward position of its vent, under the lower pectoral rays, and at the beginning of the second quarter of the length of the fish, is remarkable, and distinguishes it at once from maculosus and Icevis, the other two Australian Uranoscopes with one dorsal. It has a genital papilla like the other species. The head is covered with smooth skin, through v^'hich the form of the bones, similar to those of mnciilattis, can be made out, but no granulations are visible. The lips are finely fimbriated, and the teeth are villiforni. The eye-ball, which is not ciliated, is retractile, as is usual in the genus. A row of pores traverses the lower jaw and disk of the preojjerculum ; the operculum is tri- angular and ciliated on its upper edge and round its point. There is no scapular spine. The pelvic bones are each terminated anteriorly by a spinous point which penetrates the skin. The straight lateral line is traced in the middle of the height on a series of scales larger than the others, which are of moderate size, but much larger than those of maculosus. There is no vestige of a spinous dorsal, and the soft fin commences over the space between the sixth and seventh anal rays. Its rays and those of the anal are all jointed and unbranched. The membranes of the fins generally are more delicate than in the other Uranoscopes, and the rays, especially of the pectorals, have more slender tips. The dorsal and anal terminate by a point of membrane exactly at the base of the caudal, which is rounded at its extremity. Pectoral large, and supported by rays which are all forked except the upper one. No barbel on the chin, nor any filament from within the lower jaw. Length of the specimen 9^ inches. The original tints of colour have perished in the spirits, but the dark markings which remain may be ascertained by consulting the figure. The caudal has a rather remarkable distribution of colour, the upper and lower parts being black and the middle third pale or whitish. Hab. Port Jackson. BovicTHYS VARiEGATDS. Richardsou. Radii:— B. 7; D. 8]— 18^/19; A. 13 re/ 14; C. 115; P. lOetV. ; V. 1|5. Plate XXXIV., fig. 1—4, natural size. Except in a few particulars noted below, this fish an- swers exactly to the description of Bovichthys diacanthus in the ' Histoire des Poissons,' but it agrees less perfectly with the figure in that work (pi. 244). In general form it approaches nearer to Captain Carmichael's representation of his CaUionymus diacaiif/ius (Lin. Trans, xii. p. 501, pi. 26), which is considered to be the same species with the Chili fish described in the ' Histoire des Poissons'. It may indeed be merely a more perfect example of diacaii- thtis, or a variety, but as it differs a little in the numbers of the rays,* and to all appearance, considerably in the mark- ings, I have thought it expedient to figure and name it as a new sjiecies. On reading over the description of diacanthus, with the specimens of variegatus before me, the only discrepancies I could detect were the following. The preoperculum did not appear through the integuments to be either remarkably large or cavernous, but a series of open ]jores runs round its border. Its edge is even and not undulated. The pec- toral overlaps the anal more than in the figures in the Lin- nean Transactions or ' Histoire des Poissons,' the penulti- mate anal ray is not so abruptly larger than the preceding ones, and the pectorals and ventrals are more approxi- mated. Five porous lines with short transverse branches are disposed on the gill covers, temples, and scapular re- gion of each side. They are probably what Carmichael denominates " tortuous streaks." The lateral line is com- posed of a series of raised, flat, triangular eminences, turned alternately upwards and downwards. They appear to be composed of soft integument, and there are no scales on the body, but the skin is studded with microscopical pores which give it a rough appearance, even to the naked eye, yet are not perceptible to the finger. The markings will be best understood from an examination of the figure, with the explanation that after long maceration in spirits the dark portions are blackish brown, and the lighter ones dingy, little or no pure white being visible, except on the throat. One specimen is eight inches long and another five inches. Hab. Port Jackson. Centriscus humerosus. Richardson. Radii:— D. 6|— 17; A. 18 ; C.9|; P. 16; V. 1|5. Plate XXXIV., figs. 5, 6, natural size. We have seen only a dried specimen of this fish, which differs from the common MediteiTanean species, chiefly in its high and gibbous shoulder. It has eight radiated plates en each side of the humeral apparatus which supports the large dorsal spine, besides a mesial row of smaller ones ; also three rows of plates on the thorax between the gill- opening and ventrals, and some smaller plates between the ventrals and anal fin. A radiated plate also exists above the posterior half of the orbit. The scales are small. The dorsal spine is stout, and has several acute curved teeth at its base in front, and many serratures and denticulations throughout its length on its posterior face. It is followed by five short spines not connected by membrane ; the last of these spines is at the base of the second dorsal, which has an obliquely conical outline. The anal is less high, but has a longer base than the dorsal. The height of the shoulder is contained twice and one half in the total length, and the thickness there is one- sixth of the height. The length of the head and snout ex- * Bovichthys diacanthus, D. 8! — 20 ; A. 14 {Hist, des Poissons). Cal- lionymus diacanthus, D. 81 — 20 ; A. 16. (Carmich.) ceeds the height at the shouhler. The height between the vent and base of the dorsal is one-tenth less than the height at the shoulder. Hab. Sea of South Australia. Specimen in the British Museum. PsETTUS AEGENTEUs. Linn. {C/icctodon). Chtrtndnn nrijenteus, Linn. Cbinens. Lagerstrffim. Anioen. Acad. Dec. 17.') 1, iv. p. 4-2!>. ; Foist. Faun. Sin.; Bloch. Sclin. p. 230. Icon. Keeves, J 10; Hanlw. Acanth. 226. Chinese name, Yin Win tsang, " Silver scale Imni/,'' (Birch) ; Yen lin tsong, " Silver scaled tsang," (Reeves). Radii:— B. 6; D. 8|29; A. 3|29; C. 17|; P. 17; V. 1|5. (Spec. Hasl. Museum). Plate XXXV., figs. 1, 2, natural size ; 3, magnified. This fish was first described by Linnaeus as a Chcetodon, and its true position in the genus Psettus is pointed out in the ' Histoire des Poissons,' (vii. p. 2-31), where all that is said of it in the ' Amcenitates Academica: ' is transcribed. Its agreement in many characters \vith Psettus commer- sonii is there shown, but the height of the body, it is justly remarked, brings it nearer to Psettus rhonibeus. We are inclined, however, to keep it separate on account of its pro- portionally larger eye, taller and more obtuse dorsal and anal fins, and from its wanting the black lines which de- scend from the fore part of the dorsal to the face in rhom- beus. We possess two specimens, which were taken at Sidney, and which agree closely with Mr. Reeves's drawing, though the latter is a representation of a larger individual. The height of the body is equal to the distance between the fore part of the orbit and the end of the dorsal and anal fins ; and is in proportion to the total length as 27 to 46. The distance between the tips of the dorsal and anal rather exceeds the total length when the fins are fully spread out ;* and the thickness of the body is about a sixth of its height, or less than a tenth of the height, fins included. The scales are small, and cover the whole head and dorsal and anal fins up to the tips of the rays. They are either very deciduous on the caudal, or they only clothe its base. The scales are delicate and feel smoothish to the finger, even when drawn backwards, but under the microscope, the pos- terior triangular portion of their disks is seen to be studded with minute teeth. A magnified representation of a scale from the lateral line is given in fig. 3. The caudal is nearly even at the end when fully expanded, but seems crescentic when suffered to collapse a little. The spines of the dorsal are drawn in the figure as they appear when elevated ; when lying flatly against the front of the fin the anterior ones are scarcely perceptible, and the summits both of the soft dorsal and anal appear more acute and stand out more abruptly from the posterior rays when suf- fered to fall back a little. The teeth are those of a Chato- * In the figure of Psettus rhombeus in the new edition of ' Kegne Animal,' ii. pi. XLIT., fig. 2, the height between the tips of the dorsal and anal fins does not exceed the length from the snout to the trunk of the tail, and the eye is less, and further from the profile than in argenteus. don, and the eye is larger and nearer the profile than that of Psettus sebcc or rhombeus. The orbit is only its own diameter distant from the gill-opening, excluding the small peak of the gill-cover. Mr. Reeves's drawing is eight inches long, and is colored duck-green on the back, fading away at the lateral line into the silvery and very slightly rosaceous scales. The verti- cal fins are duck-green at the base, and pass into oil-green and sulphur-yellow towai-ds the ends, the anterior summits of the dorsal and anal being dark purplish brown, shaded off in the latter by crimson. The upper parts of the head and gill-cover are blackish green mixed with crimson ; and the pectoral is straw-yellow, with an aurora-red tint at its base. Iris silvery and brown. Hab. Seas of Australia and China. ScATOPHAGUS MULTIFASCIATUS. Richaxdson. Ch. Spec. Sc. fronte concavd ad nares gibbd ; dorsofas- ciis plurimis, nigris, transversis notato ; lateribus ma- culatis ; post singulas spinas pimi(B dorsi unique vitto nigra. Radii ; -B. 6; D. 111-1116; A. 4|16; C. 15|; P. 17 ; V. IjS. Plate XXXV., 4, 5, natural size ; 6, magnified. The body is much compressed, with a short, oblate-oval outline, beyond which the .snout and trunk of the tail pro- ject. The summit of the back, which is occupied by the spi- nous dorsal, and the opposite part of the belly, are bounded by nearly horizontal lines. The soft dorsal and anal occupy the whole of the posterior curves. The head foims nearly one-fourth of the whole length, caudal included, and the diameter of the orbit rather exceeds the fourth part of the length of the head. The border of the orbit is obtusely prominent at the upper anterior angle behind the nostril. The preorbitar is considerably wider than the rest of the suborbitar chain, and an obtuse notch is formed by their junction. The upper limb of the preoperculum is vertical, the corner shortly rounded, and the lower one completely overlies the interoperculum, only a small crescentic part of that bone showing behind the angle of the preoperculum. The edge of the gill-cover is nearly an arc of a circle without any notch, but the upper comer of the operculum makes a scarcely visible prominence. It is rough with microscopical teeth. The fine brush-like dental plates on the jaws are com- posed of closely set slender teeth, each of which is tiicus- pid, with the middle cusp taller than the lateral ones. There are no teeth on the roof of the mouth. The scales are small and densely tiled, only a small ob- lique rhomboidal segment of the disk being visible, which is armed with several parallel acutely toothed ridges. The base is undulated, producing three or four indistinct lobes. The general form of the scales is semi-oval with one side shorter. The lateral line runs in the upper quarter of the height until it reaches the posterior third of 53 the dorsal, when it takes a straight course through the mid- dle of the tail. Tlie dorsal spines have their broad sides turned alter- nately to the right and left ; the first two spines are short, and the third and fourth are the longest, the succeeding ones decreasing rapidly in height. The spine of the second dor- sal is buried in its front, so that only its tip shows. The first and second anal spines arc longer than the following two. The soft dorsal and anal are alike, both having a rounded lobe in front higher than the rest of the fin, and the posterior corner also rounded. The caudal is slightly crescentic. This fin and the soft dorsal and anal are rough with minute scales. The specimen here described is a dried one, and the co- lours have consequently perished, but the scales retain a peculiar satiny lustre, and sixteen or eighteen narrow black bands remain visible on the back, descending a little below the lateral line, together with many roundish spots lower on the sides. The top of the head and nape are dark, and there is a broad black stripe behind each dorsal spine, and also, but more faint, behind each anal spine. The soft dorsal and anal are also very finely edged with black, but the rest of the fins appear to be colourless. This species differs in profile from the Chfstodon ietra- cantlms of Lacepede (iii. pi. XXV., fig. 2, et iv. p. 727), or Scatophagus fasciatus, C. et V. vii. p. 144. The vertical bands are of a different description, and th-jre is no trace of the pectorals having been black. Length of the specimen \Q\ inches. Hai3. King George's Sound, Australia. LuTODEiRA SALMONEA. J. R. Forster, {Mugll). Mugil salmoneus, J. R. Forster, apud Bl. Schneid. p. 121. Leuciscus (Ptycholepis) salinoneus, Richardson, Ann. and Mag. of Nat. Hist. xi. p. 489, July, 1843. Mugil salmoneus, Forst. Descr. An. cura Lichtenst. p. 299. An. 1844- Icon. Georg. Forster, in Bib. Banks. No. 237. Mu- gil lavaretoides, Solander, Pise. Austr. p. 15 ? Names given to it by the native tribes near Port Essington, Mirle-mirle, and Orgurkhud. Genus, Lutodeira, Van Hasselt, Riippell. Radii:— B. 4; D. 15; A. 11 ; C. 19f ; P. 17 ; V. 11. Plate XXXVI., fig. 1, natural size ; 2, magnified. The synomyms above quoted, show that much difference of opinion has been entertained respecting the proper place of this fish in the system. Cuvier, and subsequently M. Valenciennes, considered it to be the same with the Elops machnata. This mistake is well exposed by Dr. Riippell in his Atlas, p. 18, and Neue Wirlbethiere, p. 80, but he also is in error in supposing that the species is the same with the Mugil chanos of Forskal. Van Hasselt in the year 1822 noticed the Magil chanos in Ferussac's ' Bulletin des Sciences,' (ii. p. 92), under the appellation of Lutodeira, and Riippell in his Atlas gives the generic cha- racters at length, with a full description and figure of the species, identifying it with the palah-bontah of Russell, 207. The toolelo, No. 208, of the latter author is a second species of Lutodeira, and Forster's fish is a third one. In the ' Annals and Magazine of Natural History ' I gave a full description of Forster's species from the dried skin of an individual which was taken in the harbour of Port Es- sington. Having overlooked Dr. RuppelFs able exposition of the genus, I fell into the error of taking the fish for a Cyprinoid, and named it Leuciscus (Ptgcholepis*) salmo- neus. This mistake is strongly animadverted upon in a note appended to page 300 of Forster's ' Descriptiones Auimalium,' recently published by Lichtenstein, which I refer to chiefly because Mr. Gray's name is there associated with my own, but the error was wholly mine.t If great authorities can excuse a mistake of the kind, the first of modern ichthyologists may be adduced in the fol- lowing sentence, " le Alugil chanos de Forskal est de la famille des Cyprins." (Cuv. Reg. An. ii. p. 23-3) : and in recognising the connexion between Forster's fish and Rus- sell's palah-bontah and toolelo, which he considers to be Cyprini, I followed him without due consideration. I could not ascertain the form of the pharyngeals from the dried specimen, the back part of the skull having been cut away, but the head exteriorly exhibits none of the characters which have been indicated by M. Agassiz, as characteriz- ing the skull of a Clupeoid. The parietal crests do not show at all, and are not prolonged, nor is there a deep notch in which the occipital crest stands. No crests run from this notch to the middle of the orbit, there are no tem- poral grooves, nor does the triangular depression of the forehead, so conspicuous in most Clupeoids, appear. It is possible that some indications of these generic peculiarities might be traced in a properlj' prepared skull, but they do not show through the dried integument. The composition of the orifice of the mouth, however, is clupeoid. This Lutodeira has the general aspect and neat appear- ance of a Coregouus. The length of the head, which some- what exceeds the height of the body under the dorsal, is contained five times and a half in the total length of the fish, caudal included. The profile is a narrow ellipse, the back and belly being bounded by equal curves, rising re- gularly from the mouth to the front of the dorsal, which is the middle of the length, caudal excluded. At the base of the caudal the height is less than one-third of that before the dorsal. The head is covered with a smooth nacry skin, which is continued evenly over the cheeks and gill-covers, so that the limits of the opercular pieces can scarcely be distinguished even in the dried specimens, the under bor- der of the preoperculum alone being marked out by a fold of skin. The disk of this bone is acutely crescentic, with an obtuse notch on its edge beneath the curve, and its un- * The name of Pti/cholepis could not in any case have stood, as it had, togetliev with almost every Greek compound that can be devised to signify sculpture of the scales, been appropriated by M. Agassiz to fossil genera, though I was not aware of that fact when in search of a charac- teristic generic name. :J; The passage is " Maxime autem Graij us et Richardsonius nobis viden- tur vituperandi, qui eundem piscem Leuciscuui (Ptycholepin) salmoneum nuncupant, priini inter omiies Cypnnmn in Oceana piscaturi." On this I would further observe that the Cyprini are not absolutely confined to fresh waters, some of the Caiastomi frequent the salt estuaries of the nor- thern rivers of America, and in page 44 of this work I have described a purely marine fish, the Rliynchana greyi, which, if it be not a Cyprinoid, seems to be more nearly related to that family than to any other. 59 der limb, which is very long and narrow, is obscurely marked by a series of pores. The suboperculum shows a smooth, shining, slightly convex linear disk, seven or eight times less in height than the operculum. The eye is large, near the profile, half the diameter of the orbit from the orifice of the mouth, and a diameter and a half from the edge of the gill-cover. The mouth is small and terminal ; the in- termaxillary thickish, convex, and without protractility. The maxillary is stout and semi-oval, its upper end fits in- to a notch in the intermaxillary, its lower and wider end plays on the limb of the lower jaw, and only a small part of its shoulder enters into the composition of the orifice of the mouth. There is a slight fold of skin on the edge of the lower jaw, but on the upper jaw the integuments adhere closely to the bones. The four gill-rays are strap- shaped, very thin and flat. There are no scales on the head, which is flatfish above and gi-adually narrows from the nape to the snout. On the occiput the sides of the head are much rounded off laterally, but the upper border of the orbit is prominent and rounded. The scales are of moderate size, there being eighty-seven on the lateral line, and about twenty-three or twenty-four rows in the height. They are suborbicular, of a delicate texture, and are divided at the base into two or three lobes by shallow obtuse notches, and have none of the usual fur- rows. The exposed disk is marked by fi-om twenty to forty slightly divergent grooves, producing a corresponding number of rounded ridges, which terminate on the edge in acute points. A long, pointed scale lies above, and another below the pectoral, which is small and placed low down. The dorsal fin commences exactly midway between the tip of the snout and end of the scales on the base of the caudal fin ; its three anterior rays are short, graduated, and closely in- cumbent, without visible joints ; and the margin of the fin is crescentic with acute points, the anterior point being much higher than the posterior one. A scaly fillet em- braces the base of the fin like a sheath, and nearlj^ covers the rays, when they are recumbent. The ventrals are at- tached opposite to the middle of the dorsal. A long acute scale exists above the fin, and a broader and shorter one between it and its fellow. The anal is shaped like the dor- sal, but is smaller, and it has a similar scaly sheath which nearly conceals the rays when they are laid flatly back. The caudal fin is very deeply forked, with acute lobes, of which the upper one is rather the longest. Two scaly fil- lets separate the four central rays from the lobes. Forster describes the colour as bluish on the back and silvery on the body, the head also shining and silvery, with an ultramarine tint round the eyes and on the fore part of the gill-cover. The specimen from which our figure is taken was pro- cured in a brackish lagoon near Point Smith, Port Essing- ton, in November, 1844. The one described in the ' Annals and Magazine of Natural History' was speared near the same point, but the natives state that it generally inhabits deep water, and rarely approaches the shore. Length 19 inches. Hab. Noi-th and west coasts of Australia, Torres Straits, Island of Tanna. Elops machnata. Forskal, No. 100. Elops machnata, Riippell. Neue Wirlb. 80—84 ; Richardson, Report on the Ichth. of the seas of China and Japan made to the Brit. Assoc, vol. xiv. p. 310. An. 1845. Jinagoiv, Rnssell, 179. Radii:— B. .32; D. 24; A. 17; C. 19|; P. 17; V. 14. Plate XXXVI., fig. 3, natural size ; 4, 5, magnified. This fish has already been well represented by Russell, and the specimen from which our figure is taken being a Chinese one, has no direct claim for admission into a work devoted to the publication of Sir James Ross's collection, but when the plate was executed some months ago, I was desirous, by directly contrasting the Elops with Forster's Muffil salmo)ieus, of placing beyond doubt Cuvier's mis- take, in considering the two fish to be one species, not be- ing then aware that this task had previously been per- formed by Riippell in his ' Neue Wirlbethiere,' as has been stated above. The figure is drawn from a dried specimen, which has lost most of its original tints of colour. The suborbitar chain including the preorbitar is narrow and linear beneath the eyes, and its upper edge is raised in form of a smooth even ridge, which becomes more distinctly tubular, and un- even on the posterior margin of the orbit. The cheek, which is moderately large, is wholly behind the orbit, and the disk of the preoperculum, which is thin, wide, and smooth, has a parabolic outline. One third part of the maxillary passes the orbit, and its whole fi-ont edge up to the rounded tip, and the edges also of the intermaxillaries and lower jaw, are rough with small granular teeth ; the dental plates widening towards the symphyses, and the in- terior row of teeth ' being there rather longer and more acute, since less worn. The teeth on the vomer and palate bones are disposed in considerably broader brush-like plates with a more even flat surface. A smooth low ridge running from the nostrils traverses the anterior frontal bone and disappears on the upper border of the orbit. Another (the lateral ridge) rising also at the nostrils, runs directly backwards in the intra-orbital space, but sinks again to the level of the skull op])osite the posterior part of the orbit. The space between this ridge and its fellow is concave ; outside of it the skull is convex and rises above it, so that it must be wholly concealed in the recent fish. The tem- poral ridge is smooth and slightly elevated, though con- spicuous enough in the dried specimen. The occiput is convex. The scales are tolerably large, but being much tiled only a small rhomboidal portion of the disk is visible. Their exterior edges are thin, delicate, and being easily tora, are for the most part irregular. These edges are undulated, pro- ducing when ill situ the semblance of fine teeth or streaks, but when the scales are wet and placed in the microscope the streaks disappear, hence they are not shown in the drawing of the magnified scale, fig. 4. Russell indicates them in his plate, but such fine lines not being suited for lithography, they could not be introduced into our figure without rendering it darker than it ought to be. There are 60 ninety-two scales in a longitudinal row between the gill- opening and caudal fin, and eighteen or twenty rows in the vertical height under the dorsal. The lateral line is com- posed of a series of simple tubes, and with a very slight de- curvature at its commencement runs nearly straight a little above the middle of the height of the body. The ventrals are attached under the beginning of the dorsal, and in the middle of the length between the tip of the snout and ex- tremities of the central caudal rays. The first five dorsal rays are closely incumbent and graduated, and the upper joints of the third, fourth, and fifth are oblique. The first three anal rays are also short and closely incumbent, and two or three of the following ones have oblique joints. This peculiar obliquity of the joints is well seen in the longest upper and under caudal rays, which are much compressed and broader than the others. Several of the adjacent rays are compressed, with oblique joints in a less degree, and the first of the incumbent basal ones both above and below is thin, white and bony, with a lanceolate outline and very acute tip. It is not jointed, but several which immediately follow it, though less broad and shewing vestiges of joints, have similarly acute tips. In Mr. Reeves's drawing the scales of the body are re- presented as brightly silvery, with leek-green shadings from their bases above the lateral line, and pale pearl-gray be- low. The membranes of the dorsal and caudal are moun- tain-green with darker rays, a bar along the base of the caudal being also darker ; and the central part of the caudal is light bluish gray, without any indication of the black stripe exhibited in Bloch's figure of Elops saurus, 493. The upper parts of the head are sap-green mixed with oil-green ; the lower parts silvery. The pectoral is gamboge-yellow with a blackish tip ; the ventrals and anal dull saffron-yellow in front and colourless posteriorly. Mr. Reeves figures another Chinese Elops [purpurascens), which is briefly noticed in the ' Report on the Ichthy- ology of the Seas of China and Japan,' quoted above. Hab. Seas of China and India. The Red Sea. Gasterochisma melampus. Richardson. Gasterochisma melampiis, Richardson, Anu. and Mag. of Nat. Hist. XV. p. 346. May, 1845. Radii:— B. 5; D. 17|— 1|10 et VI ; A. 2|10etVI; C. 174^; P. 20; V. 1|5. Plate XXXVIT., figs. 1—3, natural size. This fish is most closely allied to Notneus, of which it possesses many of the characters, but its larger mouth, the form of the jaws approaching much more nearly to that of Scomber, the great compression of the body, and above all, the free pinnules of the dorsal and anal, justify its being placed in a separate genus, in accordance with the manner in which the Scomheridce have been hitherto subdivided. The profile bears considerable resemblance to that of a common mackerel, and the tail at the base of the caudal is very slender, but has no vestige of a keel. The length of the head, which equals the height of the body, is contained four times and a half in the total length, and the thickness of the body is less than one-third of its height, the back and belly being both acute. The nape is more broadly round- ed, but the top of the head is traversed by a smooth, acute, mesial keel, which is continued to the tip of the narrow, acute snout. The lower jaw is also acute, and the cleft of the mouth is half the length of the head. The maxillary reaches rather beyond the middle of the eye, and its slen- der middle part only is covered by the preorbitar when the mouth is closed. The jaw-teeth are finely subulate, acute, slightly curved, and rather widely set in a single row. The vomerine and palatine teeth are more delicate and not so evenly set. The cheek is scaly, and there is a scaly patch on the su- pra-scapulars ; but the top of the head, jaws, preorbitar, disk of the preoperculum, and gill-membranes are smooth. There are no scales on the gill-covers in the specimen, but as the integument clothing these bones is injured, it is pos- sible that they may be more or less scaly in the recent fish. The lateral line is moderately arched till it comes opposite to the first separate pinnule, when it takes a straight course through the tail. The scales are moderately large. The belly is deeply fissured to form a sheath for the reception of the large ventrals, in which they can be completely con- cealed. The inside of this sheath is lined with delicate membrane, and the small tubular orifice of the anus is situated near its posterior end. The ventral, equal in length to one-third of the whole fish, is attached under the base of the pectoral as in Nomeus. It is probable that their last ray is attached throughout to the mesial line of the sheath by a wide membrane, as in the genus just named, but if so, the membrane has been torn away in our speci- men. The pectorals are in proportion considerably smaller than in Nomeus mauritii. The first dorsal is arched, and is supported by slender, brittle rays, which are half the height of the body. The membrane of the posterior part of the dorsal and anal is either altogether wanting or perishes early, leaving six or seven detached pinnules behind each fin. There is no vestige of any separate spines before the anal, and the first spine of this fin is a mere point. The ventrals retain their intense black colour, but the original tints of the other fins and rest of the fish cannot be traced in the specimen, which has suffered froiu long maceration in spirits. Length 8 inches. Hab. Port Nicholson, New Zealand. Ageiopus LEUCOP.ECILUS. Richardsou. Ch. Spec. Agr. cute Imvissimo ; corpora maculis irregu- larihiis castanets cum labecuUs purpurascenti-albidis in humero linedque laterali alternantibus variegato ; parte spinosd pinncB dorsi nigra marginatd, parte articulatd fascid nigra percursd. Radii:— D. 17| 13; A. 9;C. 12|; P. 8 ; V. 1|5. Plate XXXVII., figs. 4, 5, natural size. The genus Agriopus presents the peculiar character from which the Joues cuirass6es of Cuvier derive their appella- 61 tion, in a less marked degree than most of the other form s included in the group. The inlia-orbitar chain abuts against the upper end of the preoperculum only, instead of sending a strong branch across the middle of the cheek to the bend of the bone. Trachinus lipera, retained by Cuvier among the Perciihe, shows a more distinct bony extension of the suborbitars which crosses the temples to the tip of the preoperculum, and in the Uranoscopi the cheeks are largely covered by the suborbitar plates. In fact the Tra- chini and Uranoscopi associate more naturally with the family to which Agrioptis belongs than with the Perciche. Most of the Joues cuimssees live habitually at the bottom of the sea and travel over the sand or mud in search of their food. The Trighe possess simple, free rays under the pec- torals, which they use as feet, and perhaps also as organs of touch. The projecting thick tips of the lower rays of the pectorals, and frequently also of the ventrals and anals, so evident in the majority of the members of the group, are most likely formed for similar uses, and in this structure the Trachini and Uranoscopi agree, as well as in the copious- ness of their mucigenous glands. Most of the tish that dwell at the bottom of the sea and burrow^ in the sand re- quire to have their skins well lubricated, a fact which may be gathered from an examination of the Batrac/iid forms a kind of lid to the gill-opening, which is restricted below by an inward turn of the gill-membrane. The sucking apparatus is divided into two concave disks by a deep, transverse depression. Tlie anterior or pectoral disk is wider, has a semilunate shape, and is completed on the sides by four enlarged rays of the pectoral. The rest of the pectoral has a rounded outline, with fine rays, and the usual position of that fin. On the base of the fin, in the angle between its vertical and horizontal parts, there is a prominent and somewhat loose fleshy lobe. The pos- terior or ventral disk is transversely oval, and is saiTounded by a membranous border, which is free throughout, and anteriorly overlies and conceals the depression behind the pectoral disk. No rays can be delected in this border, but its posterior half is furnished with a single row of flat emi- nences such as stud the surface of both disks. The ven- trals are small, and a])plied to the sides behind the pectorals. Their i-ays are so fine that they can scarcely be perceived with the aid of a lens, through the thick membrane. The dorsal commences behind the anus, and its last ray is bound to the back by membrane through- out its length, but is not joined to the caudal. The anal is smaller, and reaches a little further back, but neither is it joined to the caudal. The front ray of both these fins is very slender and cannot be seen by the naked eye. The caudal is enlarged at the base by a narrow membranous edge, which embraces the end of the tail, and approaches close to the dorsal and anal. Three short rays in tliis membrane above, and as many below, are as fine as hairs. The anus is as nearly as possible in the mid- dle of the total length, and behind it there is a small genital papilla on the verge of another opening. The co- lour of the specimen, after long maceration in spirits, is a pure red, very pale on some parts, and more intense in others. There is a mottling of darker red patches on the back, but it -is not easy to determine whether it be caused by original markings, or be merely the remains of the general tint which has faded less on those spots. The eye is a bright carmine. Length 2j inches. Hab. New Zealand, where it was detected by Dr. Hooker. Mach^eidm subducens. Richardson. Radii :— B. 6 ; D. 72 ; A. 60 ; C. 9 ; P. 10 ; V. 0. Marhosed to the neural spine, and which I might have taken for a hismal spine but for the authority of Mr. Owen, who denies that process to the fish. About the tenth vertebra (in M. Helena, and not far from it in other spe- cies) the mesial inferior crest divides and diverges on the three succeeding vertebra; until it joins the transverse, parapophysial process, to the extremity of which it adds height by giving it a second angular corner. As the ver- tebrae approach the anus the angular corners of the extre- mities of the parapophysial processes separate more and more from each other, the upper one remaining nearly horizontal and the other turning more and more directly downwards, until, with its fellow of the o]5posite side, it forms a deep canal. Finally, at the end of the abdominal cavity, and a considerable way past the anus, the canal is closed beneath by the union of its sides, and a spine is added to the arch of the ha;mal passage, very similar to the neural one of the same vertebra, so that the vertebrae of the posterior two-thirds of the tail possess a strong, compressed neural spine, a horizontal parapophysis and a haemal canal and spine, seemingly formed of the inferior members of the parapophysis. Also there is a ridge at the base of the neural spines, and another at the base of the haemal ones, for the attachment of the membranes in which the inferior and superior series of ribs lie. The up- per row of ribs runs from the fifth or sixth vertebra to the point of the tail, and the under one from the anus also to the tip of the tail. Each rib is forked at the end next the centrum, the shorter process having a small round head, and the body of the rib being thickest in the middle, or spindle-shaped. The stoutest ribs are situated a short way behind the anus. The teeth are of two kinds, viz., slender or compressed, and very acute, breaking in the using and dropping out; or conical and rounded on the summits, wearing flatter. Some of the acute teeth are simply subulate ; others are compressed-subulate, with an acute, diaphanous edge before and behind, or they may be termed stiletto-shaped ; such are the front teeth generally. In most species the outer teeth on both jaws, posterior to the front of the or- bit, are considerably reflex, and have a narrowly-lanceo- late shape, also with acute edges. In a very few species the teeth are serrated on the edge. The teeth stand on the edge and disk of the nasal bone, the palatines, man- dibles and vomer, sometimes in a single series on all these bones, sometimes double on all, or in double and single series variously combined on the several bones. In the following table the species are arranged in ac- cordance with their dentition. A. Teeth acute, subulate, stiletto-shajjed. Gape large. a. Uiiiserial palatine teeth. 1. Uniserial teeth on all the dentiferous bones. M. helena ; mibila ; sat/enedota ; reticulata ; ocel- lata ; punctata ; similis. 2. Teeth biserial in the front of the mandible, uniserial on the sides of the mandible and on the other bones. M. pratbernon ; tenebrosa. •3. Biserial teeth in the front of the mandible and hind part of the vomer; uniserial teeth on the other bones. M. lita. 4. Biserial teeth on the nasal bone, on the front of the lower jaw and on the vomer. M. siderea. b. Biserial palatine teeth. 1. Uniserial nasal, mandibular and vomerine teeth. M. isingleena ; bullata ; stellifer ; cancellata ; tes- sellata ; colubrina ; moringua. Obs. — When the inner palatine teeth are only one or two in number they are easily broken away, and the den- tition then is similar to that of group A. I. 2. Front mandibular teeth biserial ; vomerine and na- sal teeth uniserial. M. griseo-badia ; pavonina. 3. Nasal teeth pluriserial ; vomerine and mandibular teeth uniserial. M. guttata. 4. Teeth biserial on the front of the mandible and on the vomer; uniserial on the nasal bone and sides of the mandible. M. thgrsoidea ; sathete. 5. Biserial on all the bones except the sides of the mandible. M. gracilis ; vermiculata ; meleagris ; viridis. B. Gape moderate. Teeth conical, subacute or round- ed. MOLARII. a. Palatine teeth uniserial, subacute. M.ophis; variegata. b. Palatine teeth biserial, obtuse. M. polgzona ; calennta. The following species have uot come under ray inspec- tion, and I have not therefore been able to place them in the above table. Murtciia unicolor, Laroche, Ann. Mus. xiii. 15. Low, Tr. Gaol. Soc. 2, p. 192. M. picta, Thunberg, Spec. Ichlh. 7, t. 1, f. 2, or Murwnophis pant/ierina, Lacep. v. 641. Murcenop/iis griaea, Lacep. v. 644, pi. 19, f. 1. Murcena soidida, Cuv. Regne An. 2, p. 352. Seba 11, 69, 4. Murana reevesn, Richardson, Ichth. of Voy. of Sul- jjhur, p. 109, pi. 49, f. 2. Gymnothorax roslrntiis, Agas- siz. Pise. Bras. 50, a. Murcena (/eometrica, Riippel, All. 118, t. 30, f 1. M. tigrina, Tdera,'t. .30, f 2. M.Jlavimar- ginata, Idem, t. 30, f. 3. M. hepatica, Idem, p. 120. M. cinerasceiis. Idem, p. 120. M. hiliiieala, Idem, p. 120. Muramophis linenta, Lesson, Voy. de la Coqiiille, t. 11, f. 1. M.Jlaveola, Idem, f. 1. M. anathin. Low, Tr. Zool. Soc. 2, p. 192. Gymnotliorax fava(jineus, Bl. Schn. t. 105, p. 323. G. afer, BI. 417, Schn. p. 326. G. wihoni, Schn. p. 329. G. scriptus, Schn. p. 329. G. braziliemis, Schn. p. 329. Strophidon Utcratuiii, J. M'Clelland, Calc. Journ. of Nat. Hist. 1844, t. vii. fig. 2. Strophidon pundatum. Idem, t. vii. f. 3 (nee M. punctata, Bl.). Tlncrodontis reticulata, Idem, vii. f. 1 (non Gymnotliorax reticulatus, Bl. 416, an M. iessellata, Richardson?) Gymnomnrana viarniorata, Lacep. v. pp. 648, 650. Nettastoma melanu- ra. Raff. Caratt. \A. 10, f. 1, or Alurana saga, Risso, prem. ed. f. 39, and many others scattered in different works. MuR.ENA IJELKNA. Linn. Mumna helena, Bl. I. 153. La flutte, Eneycl. Melh. t. 23, f. 79. Radii:— B. 8; D. 332; A. 220 == 552 (Gibraltar spec). Plate XLIX., figs. 1 — 6 (Australian spec). Considerable variety exists in the shades of colour and in the size and distinctness of the spots in different exam- ples of this fish from the same locality, much exceeding any peculiarity that I could detect on a careful compari- son of the Australian specimen figured in plate 49, with several others from Malta and Gibraltar. The teeth are subulate, more or less compressed, and very acute, with thin, cutting edges towards the tip, the nasal teeth, however, and the anterior mandibular ones being considerably rounded in front towards the base. All are inclined backwards. The posterior nasal and ad- joining palatine tooth are the tallest of the series, and these, with some of the neighbouring ones, and also a few on the lower jaw, have an acute notch on the posterior edge, with a slight basal lobe beneath it. Nasal teeth about twelve, exclusive of about ten very short ones, alter- nating with them, but rather exterior to their bases, so that the marginal nasal teeth may be considered as making an approach to a biserial arrangement. Three teeth on the mesial line of the nasal disk long, slender and very acute, the posterior pair being the tallest in the mouth. Eight or nine small, acute, uniserial vomerine teeth. Palatine teeth about ten, uniserial. There are about sixteen or seventeen conspicuous teeth on each limb of the mandible, exclusive of small ones at the bases of the front teeth as on the nasal bone. Posterior nostrils shortly tubular. Eye moderately large, rather posterior to the middle of the rictus. The upper and lower jaw are bordered by a row of large pores, and there are also six on the top of the snout, arranged as shown in figure 2. Vent one twenty-fourth part of the whole length before the middle of the fish. Dorsal fin commencing before the gill-opening, gradually increasing in height until it attains its greatest elevation beyond the vent. Both it and the anal are conspicuous towards the lip of the tail, which is considerably compressed. The ground colour of the fish is dark, or blackish brown, and is varied by white, oval, roundish, or irregular marks of various sizes ; larger on the fore part of the fish, and so crowded on the head as to produce merely a brown and white mottling ; becoming gradually smaller and more distinct posteriorly, and towards the tip of the tail arranged so as to jjroduce a distant banded appearance. The white marks include oval and roundish blackish spots, generally darker than the ground colour. The throat and belly are pale, with a more minute mottling, and the folds of the throat, the corners of the mouth and the gill-openings are black. Snout and lower jaw less spotted. The edges of the dorsal and anal are marked by a series of small white dots, most crowded on the anal, and the bases of these fins are spotted on each side by a less dense series (vide fig. 5, giving a front view of part of the anal). The colours and spots of the Australian specimen de- scribed above, are extremely similar to those of one ob- tained at Gibraltar. Having had the skeleton of this latter one made, I ascertained, by repeated and careful enume- ration, that the rays of the dorsal were 332, and of the anal 220, or 552 in all. The rays appear simple, and are williout jierceptible joints, but most of them can be split at the ti])s into two branchlets. There are 142 vertebras, 71 of which are abdominal, but the anal fin extends for- wards to the sixty-third. The air-bladder is oval, and about Ij inch in length. A second Gibraltar specimen differs slightly in the pale parts, having a dilute orange tint, and in the mottling of the belly being more resolvable into spots, like those on the sides. The British Museum possesses a variety from the Bay of Naples, in which the pale colour is reduced to roundish and angular white specks, about the size of a pin's head, placed at the corners of the black spots, and at first sight the fish appears to be dark liver-brown, speckled with white, but on a closer examination the figures of the dark spots may be traced. Towards the end of the tail the whitish dots are arranged in vertical bars, five or six in each bar. The white specks on the edges of the fins are more remote than in the more common variety. An example from Malta, in the Haslar Museum, has fewer and smaller white dots. inches. inches. Length of two Australian examples 25 Gibraltar do. 30'0 Distance between snout and anus 12 14'1 „ „ gill-opening 2'86 3*6 81 Hab. Mediterranean. English Channel. North Afri- can coast. Indian Ocean (Bloch). Australian seas. Mdk^na nubila. Richardson. Plate XLVI., fig. 6—1 0. Teeth uniserial, compressed-subulate, tapering and very acute, (or stiletto-shaped). Nasal teeth twelve, widely set and moderately tall, with a minute subulate one between each pair. Two teeth placed well forward on the mesial line of the disk, the second one being the tallest in the mouth. Twelve conico-subulate, sharjj-pointed, very short vomerine teeth, the anterior one standing a little out of line. Palatine teeth twelve, slightly reflex, the two ante- rior ones smaller than the rest, which diminish slightly in size from the third to the corner of the mouth. Mandible armed by fifteen or sixteen teeth on each limb, the ante- rior ones taller, more remote, and having one or two mi- nute, subulate ones in their intervals. The head of this species is considerably compressed, the jaws equal, and the snout obtuse, with a sloping profile, concave at the eye. The fold of skin which envelopes the dorsal is less thick than in man}- species, and rises sud- denly, with little slope, about half-way between the eye and gill-o])ening. The fin continues high and very con- spicuous throughout the back to near the end of the tail, where it narrows a little. The posterior nostrils are not tubular, the eye is rather large, the gape also large, and the distance from the tip of the snout to the gill-opening is about one-eighth of the whole length of the fish, while the anus is a fourteenth of that length before the middle of the fish. The usual pores exist on the snout and upper and lower lips, and the lateral line consisting of a series of small pores is sufficiently evident. Three black tapering streaks are conspicuous on the throat, the uppermost run- ning back from the corner of the mouth. The body is marked by cloud-like spots, forming a series of irregular, and iu some places, confluent bars. The spots commence on the lower part of the dorsal, and descend over two- thirds of the height. The ground colour is brownish on the back and pale or whitish on the belly. The dorsal and anal are bordered by a well-defined, deep black stripe, which is very narrowly edged exteriorly with white. Caecal stomach not reaching down to the anus. Pylo- ric orifice neai-er to the gullet than to the point of the sac. Liver placed beneath and rather to the right of the sto- mach. An oblong oval air-bladder lies behind the (Eso- phagus. The spiral valve of the lower intestine was not made out, owing to the state of the parts. Length of the specimen 2r5 inches. Distance between tip of the snout and the anus 10 inches. Distance from ditto to the gill-opening -2 6. This fish was obtained at Norfolk Island, by Dr. M' William, of the Royal Navy, Surgeon to the Board of Customs. A dried skin of a murrey, belonging to the Bri- tish Museum, which was procured by ISIr. Gilbert at Houtman's Abrolhos is probably the same species, which in that case inhabits both coasts of Australia. The small intermediate teeth among the intermaxillaries do not exist in this latter example, and the larger ones have rounded, compressed, posterior basal lobes not observable in the Norfolk Island specimen, being, perhaps, concealed by the soft ])arts, but there is no other remarkable difference in dentition. The anal has a whitish edge surmounting a black stripe, and there are spots on the sides, but much defaced by the drying of the specimen. It measures twenty-two inches in length. A third specimen, like the last, a dried one, and also ex- isting in the British Museum, was prepared by Dr. Janvier at the Mauritius. It has the same dentition with the Nor- folk Island fish, except that a third tall tooth is present on the mesial line of the nasal disk, and from the speci- men being dried the alternate arrangement of the vomerine teeth is perceptible, though they appear on a cursory examination to be in one series. Some of the spots or bars descend over the belly, and there are traces of six or seven black streaks on each side of the throat. Length 44'3 inches. To anus 2.3. To gill-opening 6'4. Hab. Seas of Australia and of the Mauritius. MuR.'ENA SAGENOUETA. Richardsou. The only example of this species which we have seen is a dried one in the British Museum, which was prepared by Dr. Janvier at the Mauritius. ' There is considerable resemblance between it and M. nubila, but it appears to have a thicker body, particulariy about the throat, while the vent is a little farther forward. The uniserial teeth are comparatively stouter, with less acute edges, and stand in a closer series both anteriorly and posteriorly. The highest on the edge of the upper jaw are the posterior nasal ones and adjoining palatines, whence they decrease gradually in both directions. Many of them have a minute notch near the middle of the ante- rior edge, and most have a conspicuous posterior basal lobe. There are about nineteen between the symphysis and corner of the mouth on the ujiper jaw and a corre- sponding number below, there being no small intermedi- ate ones on the fore part of either jaw. The mesial teeth on the nasal disk are entirely absent in the specimen, and the disk itself is rather long and concave, without any pits. The vomerine teeth are minute, and do not exceed three iu number. Posterior nostrils not tubular. Eye moderate-sized, and rather before the middle of the gape of the mouth. Dorsal commencing about half-way between the corner of the mouth and the gill-opening. Anus as neariy as pos- sible in the middle of the fish. Distance between the tip of the snout and the gill-opening neariy one-seventh of the total length. Ground colour of the dried skin brownish, varied by thirty- two or thirty-four irregular, blackish vertical bars, which descend from the dorsal fin and branch and anastomose about the gill-opening, so as to produce five or six meshes in the height, the bar-like arrangement not being percep- tible there ; more posteriorly the meshes are larger, and not above three or four in the height ; at the anus they increase in size and diminish to two in the height, while to- wards the end of the tail the meshes are wholly superseded P 82 by bars. The areas throughout are traversed by fine, dark lines, like veins in marble, and on the head and throat the mesh-like arrangement gives place to a fine mottling of the dark brown, with a paler colour in smaller quantity. No traces of this mottling are perceptible in any of the exam- ples of M. «M6<7a. In the specimen the dorsal fin ends abruptly about an inch from the point of the tail, the anal being perfect. The defect appears to have arisen from mutilation before death. Length of the fish (dried) .... .... 4r50 inch. From tip of snout to anus .... .... 10"75 From ditto to gill-opening .... 6*01 Hab. Coasts of the Mauritius. MUR^NA RETICULATA. Bl., 416. Gymnolhorax reticulalus, Bl. Schn. p. 528. Bl. 416. Teeth compressed-subulate, disposed in a single series on both jaws. The nasal teeth, about fourteen in number, are a little more remote, and the palatine ones are more compressed, closer, more reflex, and diminish in size as they approach the corner of the mouth, but there is no sudden change in the series, either of form or height. The palatine teeth number about ten, and the series on the mandible corresponds generally with that of the upper jaw. The usual three mesial teeth exist on the nasal disk, and there are about seven small, acute vomerine teeth in one row. When the teeth are examined with a lens the maxillary ones and those on the anterior part of the lower jaw are seen to be minutely crenated towards the base posteriorly, and beneath the crenatures is a compressed, rounded lobe, which is inserted into the gum. Eye moderate-sized. Posterior nostrils not tubular. Snout obtuse. Profile full, slightly arched. Gape mode- rate. Dorsal commencing before the gill-opening. Throat plaited, distensible. Anus one-twelfth part of the whole length before the middle of the fish. Ground colour pale honey-yellow, with about twenty dark, hair-brown bands, encircling the body and dorsal fin. The intervals are about equal to the bands in breadth, and are marked with round, brown dots, inter- mixed with many minute brown specks. The upper parts of the bands are formed of a close assemblage of dots and spots, but the belly parts are homogeneous. The head and lower jaw are spotted with brown, the ground co- lour of tlie lower jaw and throat approaches to white, and three of the bands which belong to the nape and throat are less complete, being decomposed more or less into ir- regular spots. The intervals between the bands on the belly are nearly aurora red, while the intervals on the dor- sal and anal are white on the edge. The anal is banded like the dorsal, but not spotted as that fin is. Length 12-5 inches. Distance between the tip of the snout and the anus 55 inches. Distance between ditto and the gill-opening 1'5. Hab. Indian Ocean (Bloch). Sea of Borneo (Sir E. Belcher). MuE^NA OCELLATA. Agassiz (Gymnothorax). Murana tricolor. Banks et Soland. MSS. Parkins. Icon, in Bibl. Banks, 2. Broussonnet MSS. Gymnothorax ocellatus,h^.'P'\ii:. linxa. Spixii, p. 91, t. L. b. figs. 6—9. Plate XLVII., figs. 6—10. The individual figured in the plates was obtained some- where in the Atlantic, but the exact locality was not noted. A Brazilian specimen exists in the British Museum, and there is another in the Museum at Haslar. The teeth, which stand in a single series on all the bones, are much compressed, with sharp edges, tapering, and very acute, most of them finely serrated behind and before, the serratures being most readily seen near the base behind. The highest teeth stand on the palatines and fore part of the mandible, and they are there more widely set. On the palatines their outline is narrowly lanceolate, as are also the lateral ones on the mandible. The three mesial teeth exist, as usual, on the nasal disk, and they are serrated like the others, but they are scarcely so high as the front marginal teeth, and having been partly broken away in the specimen which we have figured, they have been omitted by the artist in plan, figure 3. The vomerine teeth, small and acute, are hidden by the soft parts. This murrey has a blunt snout, a large eye, and a more than usually tapering tail, with a narrow tip. The dorsal commences a little before the gill-opening, and rises very gradually, but is not high anywhere. The po- sition of the anus varies in different individuals. The specimen which is figured has the vent one-fourteenth part of the whole length before the middle, two others have it respectively at the twelfth and the nineteenth part. The posterior nasal openings are not tubular. The lateral line formed by a series of pores in the middle of the height is conspicuous. The ground colour after long ma- ceration in spirits is hair-brown, which, on close exami- nation, is found to be produced by a minute reticulation of darker and paler lines. It is thickly studded by round- ish and oval spots of various sizes, on the back and sides, none of the spots exceeding a pea in magnitude. About thirty black spots on the dorsal and fifteen on the anal, alternate with white marks. Towards the end of the tail the spots are larger, and form bars. All. spec. Total length 175 From snout to anus .... 7'5 „ gill-opening 2;35 2n(l do. Braz. spec. 12-5 19-5 5-5 9-25 1-42 2-58 Hab, Western side of North Atlantic Ocean. Coast of Brazil. A murrey taken in the Gulf of Mexico by Assistant-Sur- geon Rayner, of the Royal Navy, and presented to the Museum at Haslar, appears to be a slight variet3' of the above. It has the same form and dentition, but the spots on the body are much more numerous, and the fins, in- stead of being distinctly banded, have a continuous black 83 edge, with a while stripe beneath it. The white stripe approaches the edge of the fin at intervals, so as to give it somewhat of a banded appearance when folded. Length 15 inches. Length from snont to vent 7 inches. Length from ditto to gill-opening 19 inch. Hab. Gulf of Mexico. MUR^NA PUNCTATA. Bl. Schn. Gymnothnrax punctatus, Bl. Schn. p. 52t). Calamaia patim, Russell, xxxii. A dried, overstuffed, and not quite perfect example of a Murwiia exists in the British Museum, which possesses the characters ascribed by Schneider to pnnctata.* It was purchased from a dealer, and its place of capture can- not be ascertained. Russell's figure is a pretty good re- presentation of the fish. Teeth in a single series on the several bones. On the border of the nasal bone there are fourteen, which are compressed, with acute edges and points. Three tall, subulate, slender ones on the mesial line of the disk, and five short, slender, and very acute ones on the line of the vomer, the series commencing at some distance from the nasal disk. Ten or eleven on each palatine bone shorter, and scarcely wider than the nasal ones, reflex, more closely set, and diminishing in size towards the corner of the mouth. Eleven or twelve lateral teeth on the mandible closely set, equal in size, compressed, acute and reflex, with two much stouter and a little taller widely set in the same series on each side of the symphysis. Eye rather large, over the middle of the gape of the mouth, which is of moderate size. Nose straight, with the hinder part of the head apparently rising suddenly. Posterior nostrils not tubular. Dorsal commencing a little before the gill-opening. Anus in the dried specimen very little before the middle of the fish. In the spotting this Murceiia most resembles parointia, but the spots are smaller, more numerous and less regidar, several of them in various parts being oblong. They have their borders similarly darkened, are about the size of par- tridge shot, and are pretty i-egularly scattered over the head, body, belly and fins ; towards the top of the tail they are smaller and less crowded. The rays of the dor- sal are short at the commencement, and increase gradually to opposite the vent, where they are in the specimen here described about an inch long, and they lose little of their length till within three inches of the tip of the tail. Length .34-25 inches. Distance from tip of snout to anus 16'75 inches. Distance from ditto to gill-opening 4'2 inches. Hab. Indian Ocean. * Schneider's account of the species is " Gymn. punctatus, ( Dentium. palatinorum longa seriej corpore comprcsso, colore brunnen, maculis parvis auranliacis, ovalibus, limbo brunneo, pinnA dorsi ante spiracula exortd, rictu angusliore antecedentibus, naribus tubnlosis, maxilla superiore lon- giore. Lonyus 2\ ped. Variat punctis fiavis ; b. punctis et macvlis brunneis. MUR.ENA SIMILIS. Spec, altera, kc. Foister, J. R. Descr. An. p. 18.3. " Muroenophis. Faun. Jap." Nasal teeth eight or ten, moderately tall and very acute, with three taller and more slender teeth on the mesial line of the disk; succeeded by eight or nine short, acute vo- merine teeth, standing in a single series. The palatine teeth, also uniserial, are reflex, and more closely set than the nasal ones, but not broad enough to be termed lance- olate : all are acutely two-edged towards the tips. The mandible is armed by ten lateral teeth, similar to the nasal ones, but taller, also by two stoutly subulate ones on each side near the symphysis, standing in the same row. The gape of the mouth is rather large, the eye mode- rately so, the posterior nostril is not tubular, and the dor- sal commences before the gill-opening (about half an inch in the specimen described). The anus is situated about one-sixteenth of the whole length before the middle of the fish. Colour pale wood-brown, finely mottled with irregular, star-like specks, of dark hair-brown. The specks are scattered generally over the ground tint, and are also densely aggregated in patches, producing about twenty or more large spots, which run along the sides, and ex- tend to the dorsal fin. A narrow line along the middle of the throat connects a series of the small specks, and the folds of the gill-membrane are traced on each side by similar lines. The anal fin is marked out by a black line surmounted with a white edging. The dorsal is not so edged. Lining of the mouth blackish and mot- tled. Length 24 inches. To anus 10-5 inches. To gill- opening 27. Hab. Polynesia. Red Sea. Sea of Japan. This Munoia has a pretty close resemblance to M. va- riegaia, but the spots do not branch off in a radiated way, and the dentition is widely dissimilar. It agrees in its large gape, sharp teeth, five parallel dark lines on the gill-membranes, and in colours with the specimen obtain- ed at Otaheite by Forster, and noticed after his account of Echidna rariegata. It is probable that the native name of "Boohee" is restricted to this species, as the name of "Pipiro" only, is written on George Forster's drawing of M. variegata. Riippell's plate of M. ophis has a still closer resemblance in colour and markings to similis than variegata has, but the shortness of the gape distinguishes ophis from the present species. The speci- men in the British Museum, from which the above de- scription was taken, is from Japan, and is marked "Muree- nophis. Faun. Jap." Not knowing what appellation the authors of the Faima Japonica mean to give it, I have termed it similis, to denote its general close resemblance to tnriegala and ophis. I would gladly have adopted Forster's name echidna as a specific appellation for this species, but it has been applied by Schneider to variegata, and would lead to confusion if used to designate another species. Lacepede's Murcenophis echidna, which, he says, has a very large gape, bristling with many teeth, cannot be variegata. He refers to Ellis, in Cook's third p 2 84 voyage, as his authority, but on turning to that work I find only the following sentence : " Amongst these were some large eels, beautifully spotted, which, when followed, would raise themselves out of the water, and endeavour with an open mouth, to bite their pursuers." (Voy. to Pacif by Capt. Cook, Gierke and Gore, 1776-80, vol. i. p. 219. Lond. 1784). MuR.ENA PRATBERNON, Quoy et Gaimard. Muricna prathemon, Qiioy et Gaimard, Voy. de Freycinet, PI. 52, fig- Fourteen marginal nasal teeth of a stoutly subulate form, with much smaller ones not forming a regular exterior se- ries, but mostly standing in the intervals of the taller ones. Two strong, stoutly subulate mesial teeth in the fore part of the disk; followed at an interval by three small, com- pressed, and not veiy pungent vomerine teeth in one row. Palatine teeth uniserial, nineteen or twenty on each side, lanceolate, reflex, and moderately acute. Mandibular teeth at the end of the jaw, about six on each side, simi- lar to the principal nasal ones, with much smaller teeth of several sizes exterior to their bases, in two or three rows, being nine or ten in number on each limb. The lateral mandibular teeth are like the palatine ones. Snout obtuse. Eye rather small, and situated somewhat before the middle of the gape. Posterior nostrils not tu- bular. The origin of the dorsal, some of whose rays are an inch-and-a-half long, cannot be ascertained, owing to the state of the specimen. Ground colour of the skin pur- pli.sh brown, with numerous round, black dots, the size of a small pea on the upper part of the head. Round the gill-opening the spots assume various forms from the con- fluence of two, three, or more. Farther back the dark marks have the shape of imperfect rings or stars, and to- wards the tail the size of the compound spots increases. In the middle of the tail they have considerable resem- blance to the spots of M. Helena, the purplish ground co- lour forming a mesh work round the spots, and perforating their disks. The under jaw and fore part of the belly have the ground colour varied by only a kw faint, small spots. There is, however, no white on the fish, nor any pale spots on the edges of the fins, such as exist in M. helena, to which the species nearly approaches in many respects. A large black ring surrounds the gill-opening, and the corners of the mouth are also black, the palate and gullet being dark brown. The specimen in the British Museum measures 74 inches, but it has been skinned in such a way that the exact position of the vent cannot be ascer- tained. The following measurements of a recent example were taken by J. B. Jukes, Esq. " Length 57 inches. From the snout to the anus 30 inches. From anus to tip of tail 28 inches. Girth at the gill-opening 13 inches. Girth of the body where thickest 17 inches. Girth at the vent ISg^ inches. Hab. Darnley Island (Jukes). (Quoy el Gaimard). MUR.ENA TENEBROSA, Solander. Murmna tenehrosa. Banks et Solander, MSS. The British Museum possesses a specimen of this fish preserved in spirits, which was obtained from the College of Surgeons, and was most probably the individual taken on Cook's first voyage, at the Society Islands. The na- tive name is written " Epui,''' or " Ebui." Nasal teeth pretty tall, rather widely set, subulate, and very acute, in one series forming a semicircle round the end of the jaw, the front teeth being the lowest. Three tall, subulate and slightly recurved mesial teeth on the disk. Followed after an interval by nine short, acute vo- merine teeth, disposed in one slightly irregular row. Pa- latine teeth 17, uniserial, tapering, and very acute ; the four anterior ones shortest, the middle of the series tallest, and all slightly reflex. Each limb of the mandible is armed by sixteen or eighteen teeth, resembling the pala- tine ones, with three tall subulate interior ones at the fore end, making there two rows. This is a slender, considerably compressed Mureena, has plain posterior nostrils, the dorsal commencing well forward on the nape before the gill-openings, and the anus situated about one twenty-sixth part the whole length before the middle of the fish. The tail is acute. The colours have totally faded. Solander's short description which mentions them is as follows : — " Iris castanea. Pupilla nigra, annulo luteo. Pori capitis concolores cum corpore. Tola e sordide purpurea fusca,fasciis macitlisque traiisversalihus, latis, numerosis, nigricantibus ; tarn obscurus est piscis tit prima intuitu via; inter color em corporis et fascias differentia videtur. Denies in ma.villis et fauce uti in antecedente fM. ato- mariayi. Nullum autem labia faucis videre licuit." — Solander, 1. c. Length 13'5 inches. To anus 622. To gill-opening 1-62. Hab. Polynesia. MUR.ENA LiTA, Richardson. Nasal marginal teeth fourteen, increasing gradually in height as they recede from the symphysis. A single me- sial tooth only is left on the disk, which has perhaps received injury, and a second marginal row may have ori- ginally existed to correspond with the double row at the end of the mandible. Vomerine teeth short and rather obtuse, disposed in a single row anteriorly, but the two last pairs are in two uneven rows. Palatine teeth eleven, uniserial, compressed, subulate, very acute, and moderately reflex, diminishing gradually from the second, which is the tallest, to the corner of the mouth. Mandibular teeth partially biserial. There are fourteen on each limb, compressed, subulate and acute, tallest and more widely set near tlie symphysis, and decreasing gradually as they approach the corner of the mouth. At the fore end of the jaw thei-e is an exterior row of six sliort, rather closely set, more obtuse cutting teeth. 85 Posterior nostrils very close to the eye, not tubular. Dorsal commencing a very little before the gill-opening. Anus rather behind the middle of the fish. Colour generally a dark, dingy brown, but when closely examined the prevailing hue is found to be produced by roundish, liver-brown specks, of the size of a pin's head, crowded so densely towards the back as almost to exclude the pale ground tint, but which separate on the side.s, so that the ground colour forms reticular lines. On the belly the spots are comparatively widely set, and much of the groimd tint appears. An obscure reticulation on a larger scale can also be made out, dividing the side of the fish into about four rows of spots as big as a pistol bullet, set alternately. On the head and throat are many small, brown spots, occupying less space than the pale orange- tinted ground colour. Fins a little whitish on the edges. Length 18'5 inches. To anus 9-6. To gill-opening 2 6 inches. From anus to tip of tail 89 inches. Hab. The Moluccas. (Spec, in the British Museum, received from Berlin, labelled M. varieijatu). MuR^NA siDEKEA. Richardson. Radii :— Br. 8 ; D. 306 ; A. 192 = Plate XLVIII., fig. 1—5. Principal series of nasal teeth about twelve in number, compressed-subulate, with acute edges, or narrowly lan- ceolate, and moderately tall, vrith an equal number of short, conico-subulate, bluntish, angular, or furrowed teeth, ranged close to their bases exteriorly, most crowded at the symphysis, where they form two rows, or three in all. On the mesial line one stout, conico-subulate tooth is placed well forward, the two more posterior ones usually seen in the Murcence, being either wanting in this species, or more likely broken oft' in the three specimens that we have examined. The vomerine teeth are in two rows, the rows commencing on the anterior corner of the bone on each side of the nasal disk, and gradually approaching each other, so as to coalesce in the back part of the mouth. This disposition of the teeth is not very happily represent- ed in plate 48. These teeth are very small and short, with acutely compressed, but not pointed tips. Palatine teeth eight, uniserial, close set, reflex, nar- rowly lanceolate, and diminishing in size as they ap- proach the corner of the mouth. Each limb of the mandible is armed from the symphysis to the corner of the mouth with a series of fourteen or fifteen narrowly lan- ceolate, very acute, and moderately reflex teeth ; and at the end of the jaw there is an exterior row of seven close set, short, conical, furrowed teeth, almost concealed by integument ; there is also a small tooth close to the symphysis still more exterior than this row, making the teeth three deep at that spot. The snout is obtuse, the eye moderately large, the pos- terior nostrils are not tubular, and the gill-opening is larger than usual, and placed at a considerable distance from the corner of the mouth. The fold of skin investing the dorsal is very lax, and comes forward to the eyes, from behind which it rises in a high and abrupt curve. The dorsal commences a little way before the gill-opening, or about half an inch in a specimen measuring twenty-seven inches ; and its first rays are short, the succeeding ones increasing rapidly until they attain the full height of the fin, which is even for the greatest part of its length. The anus in one specimen is about a fiftieth part of the whole length beyond the middle, while in another it is a thir- teenth part, the tail being comparatively short in the lat- ter. This is an instance of the danger of relying solely on such measurements for the establishment of specific cha- racters in this genus. The heart is situated between the gill-openings and four gills are placed in a bag on each side of the throat. Each gill-opening enters its proper bag at the pos- terior part, and there are five round holes by which the bag communicates with the gullet, four of the holes perfo- rating the bases of the four gills, and the fifth the mem- brane behind the last gill. No part of the gills adheres to the walls of the sac, and there are no rakers on the an- terior borders of the gill-plates. On opening the belly the liver is seen lying to the right of the stomach, but not exceeding one-third of the length of that viscus, which is a long, conical bag, reaching downwards to the anus. The pyloric orifice is a small, round, lateral opening, situated midway between the gul- let and the tip of the stomach, which in a specimen mea- suring twenty-seven inches is ten inches and a quarter long. The internal coat of the stomach is plaited longi- tudinally. The gut descends from the pylorus behind the liver, parallel to and in contact with the stomach, and near the anus there is a dilated part, which contains a complete spiral valve, formed by transverse septa, each having a semilunar notch, which is alternately turned to the right and left. Two or three valves are strengthened by longitudinal folds of membrane from the side of the gut. There are in all six transverse valves, and a smooth piece of gut intervenes between the valvular part and the anus. The ground colour is white on tlie throat and belly, with a purplish gray or slightly brownish tint towards the back, interspersed with innumerable roundish, dark, blackish purple specks, about the size of a pin's head. The spots are more rare on the middle line of the belly towards the vent, numerous on the cheeks and sides, and densely crowded and more or less confluent on the back and fins. They are aggregated and blacker in oval and roundish patches disposed in three or four rows along the fish. The specks are not represented round enough in the figure. The fins are slightly edged with white towards the tip of the tail. Length .... .... .... 28-25 26-75 inches. „ from snout to anus .... 14-60 1500 „ „ to gill-opening 390 4-25 Height of body .... .... 190 2-00 Thickness of ditto .... TOO MO Hab. The western and northern shores of Australia and the coasts of New Guinea. Solaiider describes a Murcena which he observed among the Society Islands, where it is named "Eaulha" or "Eawr'ha," which may prove to be this fish. I am, how- ever, prevented from adopting his specific name by the spots in our fish haying no transverse elongation nor any bar-like arrangement. His description is : — " MuE;ENA ATOMARiA. P. pect. nulltB. Tola glauca irrorata atoitiis fuscis fasciisque mimerosissimis interrup- iis sen maculis transversalibus dorsalibus, lateralibus et (ibdomitialibiis seriatim dispositis. Macul Mureena mi/rus, Risso, Ichtli. de Nice, p. 20? I have referred the conger whose description follows to the nii/nis of authors, chiefly because of the white lines about the occiput, and on account of its habitat. It does not agree at all with Lacepede's figure 2, PI. 3, f. 3, in the position and size of the eye. Roundish or slightly oval nasal disk, armed with short, conical, acute teeth, biscrial on the border, the outer series formed of about fifteen, and the inner one of eight ; in ad- dition to which there are two on the mesial line larger than the others, the posterior one being placed a little be- hind the circle of the disk. Dental surface of the vomer elliptical, and acute at both ends, armed with small teeth of various sizes, some of them flattish and rounded, others more acute. About six stand abreast in the middle of the ellipse. Palatine teeth acerose or short, slender, cylin- drical and more or less acute, crowded without order, but standing four or five in the width of the bone, which abuts anteriorly against the nasal di.sk. The mandibular teeth are similar to the palatine ones, but form a slightly nar- rower band. The body of this conger tapers considerably. The head is longish and narrow. The snout is obtuse when seen from above, but being rather depressed looks acute in pro- file. The eyes are large, and placed rather more than a vertical diameter of the orbit apart, over the posterior an- gle of the mouth. The gape is large, exceeding the mode- rate-sized pectoral in length. The lateral line is formed by a series or chaplet of little elliptical elevations, with white dots at intervals. The dorsal begins over the tip of the pectoral. The fins are pale, with black edges. The body is brownish-gray above, after maceration in spirits, the colom- being partly produced by densely-crowded very minute dark ash-gray dots ; and the belly is whitish, with thinly set blackish dots. A porous white band crosses the occiput ; another runs along the temples, over the base of the pectorals : one passes under the eye, and the pores form variously figured lines on the snout. There are also three short longitudinal white bars on the top of the head, before the transverse occipital band. Length 23j inches. To anus 9? inches. To gill-open- ing 2j inches. Hah. Bay of Najjles. Specimen presented to the Bri- tish Museum by J. Pratt, Esq. 109 CoNGRUs LEPTura's. Richardson. Congrus Icpturus, Richardson, Ichlli. Voy. of Suliihuv, p. 10(5, PI. oti, fig.'l-(i Teeth acicular. The nasal ones disposed in two vows of five each, the posterior outer one on each side being the tallest. The vomer is armed in front by two teelh, like the latter one, one before the other. The palatine teeth are biserial, the rows being regular, with a space between them, and the inner row rather taller and abutting against the nasal disk before the vomerine teeth. Mandibular teeth like the palatine ones, and biserial, but at the symphysis there are three rows, the posterior row being formed by four acicular teeth behind the other two rows. Tail tapering and slender, and more acute than in most congers. Lower jaw nearly as long as the obtuse snout. Dorsal commencing over the axilla of the pectoral. Gill- openings rather large, the space between them on the throat about equal to the length of one opening. Colour bluish-gray above, pale or whitish below ; the fins pale and edged with black. Length 9 inches. To gill-opening TOo inch. To anus 2"7 inches. To dorsal I'lo inch. Hab. China Seas. Congrus habenatus. Richardson. Radii:— B. 8; D. 184; A. l-2-2; = .306; P. 10. Plate L., figs. 1—5. This species differs from the preceding ones in its denti- tion, the teeth on the roof of the mouth being fitted for crushing or grinding the food. Body thicker than the head, nearly cylindrical, its height exceeding its transverse diameter only by one-fifth (fig. 5), the compi-ession augmenting rapidly betvveen the anus and tip of the tail. The muscular flakes are very visible through the smooth, shining, silvery skin ; and the lateral line, which gradually descends from the nape to the middle height, which it attains some way behind the anus, is marked out by a series of pores, commencing at the occiput. A depression, descending from the occiput, se- parates the muscles of the cheek from the gill-cover. The eye is large, encroaches on the profile, and is contained rather less than four times and a half in the distance be- tween the end of the snout and the gill-opening. The space between the eyes is less than the vertical diameter of the eye-ball. Snout rather broad and obtuse. A mesial fold of loose skin, uniting with the upper lip, gives a bridled appearance to the snout. The posterior nostril is open, and is situated just before the eye; the anterior one is a short tube, placed on one side of the tip of the snout. The under jaw is shorter than the upper one, and the gape of the mouth is cleft to beneath the centre of the eye. The upper lip, commencing just behind the tubular an- terior nostril, runs back to the angle of the mouth, where it curves over the end of the lower lip to be inserted into the lower jaw. It is continuous with the integuments which cover the preorbitar and suborbitar chain, and is separated interiorly by a deep furrow from an inner lip or swelling gum, which runs along the base of the jialatine teeth. Three small cartilaginous bodies are imbedded in that part of it which is attached to the preorbitar, and are seemingly connected with pores on the edge of the lip. The \mder lip is broader and folds back on the sides of the lower jaw, but runs evenly to the roots of the teeth, with- out any interior furrow as in the upper lip. Conspicuous pores exist on the end and top of the snout, on the upper lip, the suborbitar chain, across the head behind the orbits, on the hinder part of the mandible, and across the occiput, where they connect the lateral lines with each other. The nasal teeth are conico-subulate, short and acute, and stand in a small, dense, triangular cluster, on the jjoint of the jaw, anterior to the apex of the mandible when the mouth is closed. They are followed, without an interval, by four rows of flatly-rounded vomerine teeth, the middle rows containing the largest ones. The vomerine teeth extend as far back as the front of the eye. The palatine bones are armed by an even, outer series of somewhat subulate, but not veiy acute teeth, with interior, rounded, granular ones considerably lower, and about three deep, but not ranged in determinate rows. The mandibular teeth are similar to the palatine ones, but the dental surface increases gradually in width from the corner of the mouth to the symphysis, where the teeth are five or six deep (figs. 4 and 5). Tongue smooth. The distance between the end of the snout and the gill- opening is equal to one-sixth of the total length, and the anus is a little anterior to the middle of the fish. The dorsal commences over the axil of the pectoral or lower angle of the gill-opening, and its rays are more delicate and crowded towards the end of the tail, where it unites with the anal. The pectoral is rather small. The stomach is ccecal, wide and obtuse, and, in the in- dividual here described, was completely filled by a large shrimp, which was doubled up, and but little broken. It has no small appendix such as exists at the fundus of the stomach of the Congrus vulgaris. The gut goes off from a funnel-like recess at the upper end of the stomach, and descends straight to the anus, being bound to the stomach by membrane as far as that viscus extends. The stomach and rather more than half the gut were of a pur- plish-black colour, apparently proceeding from their con- tents, the under part of the canal, below the fundus of the stomach, being pale. The air-bladder, long and slender, descends as low as the anus : its lower end tapers, and its upper one divides into two tapering branches, one of the branches being continuous with the tube which communi- cates with the cesophagus, The heart and pericardium have a shining nacry appearance, and are connected to each other by strong membranous bands. This individual was killed when spawning, its belly being full of roe, and the eggs were in the act of passing through the distended anus. Length 12-7 inches. To anus 57 inches. To gill- no opening 21 inches. Height of body 0'75 inch. Thick- ness 0'60 inch. Hab. Cook's Strait, New Zealand. CoNGUUS PEOTERvus. Richardson. The head only of this species is preserved in the Bri- tish Museum, and the locality where it was taken is un- known. It belongs, with those that follow, to Mc Clelland's genus, Murteiiesox, but I have not been able to identify any of the specimens that I have seen with the species which he has figured and described in the Calcutta Journal of Science. Nasal disk a nearly circular dilatation at the end of the narrow upper jaw, set round its anterior half with four sub- ulate acute teeth, inclined backwards, and a smaller tooth enveloped in the soft parts lietween eacli pair. There is a deep smooth cavity on each side of the mesial ridge behind the nasal disk; the ridge itself is undulated, being first depressed in a curve and then arched. The descending curve behind the nasal disk is armed by a row of four acute conical teeth, scarcely visible to the naked eye; and after a small interval follow fifteen tricuspid and pretty large teeth, on the arched part of the vomerine ridge. These teeth are compressed, with an acute anterior and posterior edge, and very sharp central cusps. The lateral cusps are small and rounded, and placed near the roots of the teeth : they are largest on the ])osterior teeth. The seventh, eighth and ninth of the tricus]3id teeth are the largest, the anterior and posterior ones diminishing gra- dually as they recede fiom them. The series is flanked on each side by many small, compressed, but obtuse and rounded teeth, not set in regular order, Ijut in some ])laces phiced three or four dee]i, in others only one. Palatine dental surface a long narrow ellipsis, acute at each end, and covered with many small teeth, like the lateral vomerine ones, the outer marginal ones being larger, atjd rising above the rest ; and in the middle of the concave dental plate there is a smooth, irregularly wide, line, on which the teeth are not developed. Tiie palatine teeth come in contact with tlie vomerine series at the seventh vomerine tooth, just before the posterior nostril. The lateral mandibular teeth are like the mesial vomerine ones, but tlie series is more even, and the basal lobes less evident. Minute compressed and blunt teeth flank each side of the principal series, mostly, but not wholly, arranged in one row. The symphysial apex of the mandible forms an oval disk, which is armed, on the margin on each side of the symphysis, by nine small, acute, subulate teeth ; and there are on each side williin the disk three tall, stout, subulate, very acute teeth, the middle one of each side being the tallest. Anterior nasal-openings small, tubular, on each side of the snout ; posterior ones before the eyes, midway be- tween the mouth and top of the forehead. Eyes, over the posterior third of the mouth, silvery. Head brownish and mottled. Hab. Unknown. CoNGRUS TRicusPiDATUs. McClelland. [Murainesox) . Murctnesox tricuspidata, McClelland, Calcutta Jouin, iv. t. 21, f. 1. Eicliaidson, Iclitli. Vov. of Sulphur, p. 105, PI. 51. (. 2. Icon. Reeves, a. 41. Hardvv. 295, Brit. Mus. Nasal teeth long and strong, three on each side of the symphysis. Vomerine teeth uniserial, tricuspid, the mid- dle cusp being much larger and taller than the lateral ones. The largest tooth is the third from the last, and the others gradually diminish in size as they recede from it. In some of the small anterior ones the lateral cusps are obso- lete, but they are sufficiently distinct in the nine posterior ones. Palatine teeth uniserial, small, sharp-edged, but not pointed, ranged in an even cutting series. When examined by a lens, these teeth show a slight indication of side lobes. Mandibular teeth, like the palatine ones, with an outer row of small, acute and closely-set teeth. At the end of tlje jaw there are three tall subulate teeth on each side of the symphysis. The dorsal commences over the gill- o]jening. Lateral line marked by a series of oval white spots. In the recent fish the colour of the upper parts is oil-green, with a glazing of duck-green along the lateral line and top of the head. The vertical fins edged with black. Length 15f inches. To anus 5'4 inches. To gill- opening 2'1 inches. Hab. Coasts of China and India. The Chinese name it the " hook-nosed " or " stork eel." CoNGRUS ANGU3TIDENS. Richardsou. Nasal disk armed by eight tall, subulate, marginal teeth, and three small subulate ones on the mesial line. Vomer- ine teeth eight, distantly set, taller and much narrower than those of proferi-tis, with sharp edges, and a very acute tapering point, the lateral cusps being small, narrow and obtuse. In front of these, on the mesial line, close to the nasal disk, there are three small acute teeth ; and on each side an irregular row of compressed teeth, of various sizes and heights, the bigger ones ap]jroaching the large tricuspid ones in form. Palatine teeth small, ranged exteriorly in an even row composed of lanceolate, rather acute, cutting teeth, witli small ones at the base of the row outside, standing for the most part, but not regularly, two deep ; and interiorly forming a band of short, slender, cylindrical obtuse teeth, placed two or three deep. Mandibular teeth, like the prin- cipal vomerine ones, not much smaller, but very slightly in- clined backwards and close set. They are highest in the , middle of the limb of the jaw, and become gradually lower in each direction. There are one or two irregular rows of minute granular teeth within, and on the outside of the chief series there is a very even row of small, rounded, compressed teeth. The disk at the end of the jaw is bordered with acute and subulate teeth, and there are on each side within, four stout, subulate, tall and very acute teeth. The lower jaw is conspicuously' shorter than the upper one. Eye Ill three diameters from the tip of the snout, and three- quarters of a diameter from tlie corner of the mouth, whose gape is equal to four diameters and three quarters. Pec- toral very long, equal to three-fourths of the length of the gape. Length 37 inches. To anus 16 inches. Hab. China. The British Museum possesses a dried specimen which was presented to it by John Reeves, Esq. CoNGRUS BREVicusi'is. llichardson. Nasal disk bordered on its anterior half by about ten moderately tall and sli-ong subulate acute teeth, and in the middle of the disk there are nine small conical acute ones, placed so as to represent a cross witli short lateral arms. The depression of the vomerine ridge next the nasal bone is considerable. Tlie nine principal vomerine teeth have short acute middle cusps, with larger rounded lateral ones than in protervus, and they are ilanked on each side by a row of compressed, rounded, oblique cutting ones, neither closely nor evenly set. The outer row of palatine teeth is composed of evenly-set, conqjressed, obtuse cutting teeth. The long elliptical dental plate is wholly covered uitli in- numerable minute rounded teeth, without any snio')t]i space in the middle. The palatine teeth abut against the vomer at tlie sixth tuoth. The mandibular teeth are like the vomerine ones, but they are not so regular, the alternate ones being often, but not uniformly, lower. The outer row is composed of even, close-set, semicircidar, sharj}- edged small ones, applied to the base of the chief row, and the inner ones can scarcely be detected. The disk at the end of the mandible is armed by five or six acute, subulate, marginal teeth, and three taller ones within on each side, the posterior pair being high and stout. The eye is placed three diameters of the orbit from the end of the snout, and a diameter before the corner of the mouth, whose gape is equal to five diameters of the orbit. The space between the eyes is transversely convex, and its breadth rather exceeds the vertical diameter of the orbit. The pectoral is elliptical and long, and the dorsal commences over the gill-opening. Colour, in spirits, pale brown above, silvery beneath. The fins silvery and black-edged. Length 23 inches. To anus Q\ inches. To gill-open- ing 3'4 inches. Sjiecimen in the British Museum. Hab. Unknown. CoNGRUs HAMo. Schlegel. Conyrus hamo, Tenim. et Selil. Fauna Jap. p. 202, PI. 114, fig. 2. Jaws generally similar to those oi' protervus, but the na- sal disk is less dilated, and the vomerine arch not so curved. Nasal teeth about six, with small ones in the solt parts between. Vomerine teeth, four or five small mesial ones on the slightly depressed part of the ridge next the vomer. Six conspicuous tricuspid mesial ones on the arch of the ridge, having small obtuse basal lobes. The small teeth on each side of the mesial ones are close-set and uniserial, but not very regularly so. Palatine dental surface a long narrow ellipsis, as in protervus, and the teeth very similar ; an outer regular row, a smooth space in the middle, and an inner band two or three deep where widest. The palatine teeth meet the vomer at the third tooth. Mandibidar teeth like the vomerine ones, but the principal series uneven, that is, there is a lower and less shar]) tooth generally, but not uniformly, between each ]3air of taller ones. The outer series of minute ones have chisel- shaped, acute, oblique cusps, and form an incisorial row. The inner ones are in a single row very close to the bases of the principal series. The rounded dilatation at the end of the mandible is armed on the margin by a series of small teeth, and on each side within by three subulate ones, the posterior one being the tallest. The dorsal be- gins before the gill-opening. The snout is slender, and the eyes are ]ilaced about two diameters and a quarter of the orbit from the tip of the snout, and half a diameter anterior to the corner of the mouth. Gill-rays about twelve in number. Tlie colour of the specimen, which is preserved in spirits, is jiale brown, minutely dotted with black ; the sides and belly silvery. The fins also silvery, with black edges. Lateral line a series of short tubes, with intervals between them. Hab. Philippines. Specimen in the British Museum obtained from Mr. Cuming. South-west coasts of Japan [Fauna Japon.) CoNGRUS CURVIDENS. Ricliardson. Nasal teeth stoutly subulate, strouger than in other spe- cies, ranged in a cluster without order, the tallest in the middle, followed on the mesial line by four minute round ones in two rows, which may be considered as the anterior vomerine ones. The mesial row of tricuspid vomerine teeth, placed on the ridge of the bone, which is arched, have oblique curved cusps, and are close set. The lateral cusps are small, round, and at the root of the tooth. Li the posterior teeth the central cusps are worn down to the level of the lateral ones. Small teeth on each side of the principal series, rounded, not compressed, and of unequal sizes, not disposed in rows, and seldom more than two abreast. Palatine teeth of the principal row rounded on the crowns, but generally with a mesial acute line : there is an irregular row of minute granular teeth on the outside, and a band of two or three on the inside, with a furrow be- tween thein and the main series. The palatines abut against the vomer at the sixth tooth. The mandibidar teeth, instead of being like the vomerine ones, as in the preceding species, more resemble the palatine teeth in the ]irincipal series ; and there is also a row of uneven granu- lar teeth on the outside, and two irregular rows on the in- side. Twelve subulate but not very acute teeth border the end of the mandible, and there are two taller subulate ones within the half circle on each side. Eye large, placed a diameter and a half of the orbit from 112 the end of the snout, and half a diameter from the corner of the mouth. Lateral line a series of short tubes, each having a porous mouth posteriorly, and beneath an oblong mark. The gill-rays are seventeen, and the dorsal com- mences over the gill-opening. Length Q7 inches. To anus ]3'5 inches. Length of rictus of mouth .3 5 inches. A dried skin preserved in British Museum. Hab. Unknown. We must refer to Dr. Mc Clelland's able paper so often quoted for the Indian species of Murceneso.v, of which he describes six species, viz., il/. iriciispulatn, above noticed ; M. laiiceolata, which has biserial mandibular teeth, and the vomerine teeth with a single lanceolate cusp, the lateral cusps being absent, or at least obsolete; M. exoJentata, with triserial mandibular teeth, the points of the exterior row directed horizontally outwards ; M. serridenlata, dis- tinguished by serrated vomerine teeth. Dr. Mc Clelland considers this species to be the Ophidiiim tulnbon of Russell (38) ; and among Hardwicke's drawings of Indian fish, preserved in the British Museum (No. 292), I find one marked Congriis talahon (Gray), with a reference to Russell, which shows the dorsal commencing far before the gill-opening, and a tapering jioinled tail. Its colour is darkened by minute crowded black dots. No. 294 in the same collection of drawings is named the "Jungle conger," and is of a pale greenish and silvery hue. Its rays are stated to be Br. 7, D. 138 ; A. 108, C. 24 = 270. An en- larged sketch of the jaws in figure 296 shows it to be a ]\Iirncneso.v, probably allied to ciirvidens. The Chinese Coiis., which was speared by a native, but not killed till after a long struggle, the fish being very powerful. In the drawing the profile from the snout to the nape is a low arc, but in the specimen it forms about the sixth of a circle. The head is short, the belly more arched than the back, and the trunk of the tail thick, the fish being clumsily made. The preorbitar lip is simple, the premax- illary one thick and plaited. Each premaxillary and limb of the mandible is armed in front with two stout, conical, bluntish teeth, whose roots are incorporated with the bone, all of them having a narrower stem or neck, which is evidently covered by the soft parts in the recent fish. The tooth next the symphysis above and below points obliquely forwards ; the other one outwards and downwards or upwards, as it is above or below. The sur- faces of both jaws are smooth and naked, and the bone swells out slightly behind the canines, but forms a flattish ridge on the lateral parts of the jaw. On the intermaxil- lary there is a small blunt tooth, no bigger than a pin's head, immediately behind the front canine, and many still more minute rounded teeth appear as if ready to burst from the bone all over its surface, but are scarcely promi- nent enough to render it uneven : the outer edge of the ridge is a little uneven, but only two minute angles can be considered as teeth. There is no canine at the corner of the mouth. On the mandible there are two small gra- nular teeth at the symphysis behind the front canine ; minute rounded teeth incorporated with the bone all over its surface, and merely shining through ; and also an exterior range of nine or ten small conical or rounded teeth : of these the middle ones are the most prominent, and are the only ones that rise above the edge of the grinding ridge. The snout, mandible, top of the head to the occiput, preorbitar, a considerable space bordering the eye beneath, broad disk of the preopercuhim, and lines surrounding the supra-scapular and temporal clusters of scales, are naked. The preoperculum has its free edge augmented by an even membranous border, without any visible serratures. The cheek is furnished with small, ver- tically oval, remote, impressed scales, which form seven or eight rows in the curve of the preopercular disk, but di- minish to two towards the temples, where the scales are larger. The operculum is covered by five rows of scales, which increase rapidly in size towards the edge of the gill- flap. One row of larger scales conceals the suboper- cuhun ; and five rows of smaller ones, though not so small as those on the cheek, cover the interoperculum, the lower edge of this bone being smooth. The scales of the body are large, there being only forty on the lateral line, and six rows above it. The scales of the nape and breast, and those covering the supra-scapulars, are smaller : the largest are on the flanks ; and one taken from that part of the individual mentioned by Mr. Neill as having weighed 28 tbs., measures 1'3 inch in length and Tl in width. It is boimded by three nearly straight sides and an elliptical 133 curve on the free edge, and is oblique angled. The base is marked by about thirty-three slightly-radiating striic, many of them terminating short of the edge, and the sides are bordered by some elevated lines, the greater part of the disk being smooth, except the exposed part, which is co- vered by integument that becomes somewhat granular in drying. The scales of the back, and those on the base of the caudal, are more oblong, with fewer radiating stria;, more numerous lateral lines and a less smooth disk. The scales composing the lateral line show much smaller disks in situ than those above and below them, and a raised tube on each scale ends in a bushy cluster, the branches of which are not very distinct in the dried specimen. The line is very slightly arched anteriorly, and becomes quite straight in the trunk of the tail. The spinous part of the dorsal is moderately arched, and is lower than the articulated portion, which ends in a point formed by the penultimate and two preceding rays, the eighth soft ray being the longest. The spines are of a very unusual form, being very strong, but compressed, like the blade of a knife with a blunt or rounded point, the last three, however, being more cylindrical and acute. The membrane is deeply notched behind each spine. The soft part of the anal corresponds with the dorsal, bat the spines are even broader and more obtuse than the dorsal ones. It would appear from Mr. NeilFs observations, that some individuals have only one, others but two anal spines. A few small scales exist on the bases of the jointed portions of the anal and dorsal ; and these fins seem to move in a low furrow, not nearly so much developed as the usual scaly sheaths of the Cossyphi. The ventral is pointed ; and its greatly compressed, wide, blunt spine, is only half as long as the second and third jointed rays, which form the point of the fin. The pectoral is ranch rounded, and the anal is even with the angles rounded. Mr. Gould reports the colour as an uniform dark olive tint, and Mr. Neill's drawing is coloured with a dark neutral tint, approaching to grayish or purplish-black along the dorsal aspect and on the fins, and fading to blackish-gray on the sides. Length .38^ inches. Hab. Western Australia. Odax lineatds. Quoy et Gaimard. {Malacanthus). Malacanthe rayi, Quoy et Gaimard, Zool. de rAstrul. p. 717, PI. 19, f.2. Cheilio lineatus, Cuv. et Val. xiii. p. 354. Radii:— B. 5; D. 20|10; A. 4|9; C. 25; P. 12; V. 1|5. Plate LX., figs. 1—5. This fish has hitherto been known to ichthyologists only by the figure published by Quoy and Gaimard, the speci- men having been lost after the drawing was made by M. Gressien, an officer of the Astrolabe, who presented it to M. Quoy. It is probable, from the terms in which this is mentioned by M. Quoy, that he never saw the fish, but described it from the drawing, which would account for the errors in the account of the jaws, dentition, gill-cover, &c., and his not discriminating the simple from the jointed rays of the dorsal and anal. A very perfect and beautifully coloured drawing of the species, now in the possession of Robert Brown, Esq., had been made long before, on Flin- ders' voyage, by Mr. Bauer ; and a specimen in tolerable preservation, from which our figure was taken, enables us to give the following description. This fish is moderately compressed, with a fusiform pro- file, the tail becoming gradually higher at the base of the widely elliptical and acute caudal. The height, which is greatest under the middle of the dorsal, is about equal to one-seventh of the whole length of the fish, and the nar- rowest part of the tail is equal to half that height. The length of the head, including the tip of the gill-cover, forms less than one-third of the total length, caudal included. The eye is equidistant from the extremity of the upper jaw and ti]) of the gill-cover, and is near the upper profile, but does not actually touch it : its diameter is about one-fifth of the length of the head, and equals exactly the distance between the orbits. The thickness at the nape is one quarter less than the height there. The posterior nostril, which is close to the eye, is a small open orifice ; the anterior one can be closed by a valvular lip. The scales on the top of the head are not much smaller than those of the body, and are separated from the nape and supra-scapular scales by a smooth transverse line, which is bent at each temple to run back- wards to the upper angle of the gill-opening. The mar- gins of the orbits are smooth, but the scales come forward between them to the posterior nasal-opening. The oper- culum, most of the suboperculum and the cheek are scaly (fig. 2), and there is also a row of scales on ihe iuteroper- culum ; but the snout, jaws and disk of the preoperculuni are more or less porous. The thin and flexible interoper- culum is quite entire, but when held up to the light it ap- pears striated on its edge. The border of the suboper- culum is smooth, and its cartilaginous strap-shaped tip projects over the axilla of the pectoral. This process is fissile, and splits into sixteen or eighteen pointed teeth. The operculum is, as is common in the Labri, connected by its upper edge to the shoulder, but the gill-opening ex- tends well forwards below. The mouth is cleft horizontally as far back as the anterior nostril. The preorbitar, of a semi-lanceolate form, covers a space into which the side of the jaw glides, but there is no preorbitar lip, the integuments of the snout being continuous with the well-developed premaxillary lips. These and the lower lip fold back over their respective jaws, even at the symphyses. The jaws have the usual narrow spoon-shaped form peculiar to Oda.v, with the quincuncial incorporated teeth shining through. The thin edges of the jaws are irregularly and minutely crenated ; a few of the projections, particularly four or five on the up- per jaw, at the angle of the mouth, appearing like minute teeth. There are also five small, conical, acute teeth, springing from the outside of the upper jaw posteriorly (figs. 2, 3). The upper pharyngeals are small, but thick, triangular, five-sided bones, one of the sides only attached 134 to the roof of the gullet, the others showing the incorpo- rated teeth, which form a snioothish, granular surface, as in Cossjjphus or Lachnolainins. The under pharyngeals have the general shape of the same bone in Labrus, but the teeth are incorporated with it, and merely produce the same kind of granular surface that exists in the upper pha- ryngeals. The scales are of moderate size, of various breadth in different parts, but generally have the free edge curved in the arc of a circle, the sides straight and parallel, and the bases, which show a slight indication of a middle lobe, are marked by from twelve to twenty-two fan-like furrows. The lines of structure on the sides are longitudinal, and the free edge is striated with minute corresponding teeth or crenatures on the edge. There are about thirty-eight scales on the lateral line, each with a simple sti'aight tube (fig. 5) : this line makes a descending curve over the end of the pectoral, and then runs straight. The dorsal com- mences over the base of the pectoral : its spinous rays are slender, and become as fine and flexible as hairs at their tips : the first one is the tallest, and rather exceeds the height of the body ; the others decrease rapidly to the fourth, which is almost one half shorter, and then in- crease more gradually to the fifteenth, diminishing again slightly to the soft rays, which also decrease a little, giving an undulated outline to the fin. The anterior jointed rays are unbranched, the ]5osterior ones merely forked at the tips. The anal has four unjointed rays, the first one being short and closely incumbent on the second, but having also a hair-like tip. The last jointed ray is di- vided quite to the base ; the anterior ones are unbranched. The fin ends farther from the caudal than the anal. The caudal is widely elliptical, with an acute tip like some of the Gobioids, and embraces the rounded end of the tail by its short lateral rays. The pectorals are rounded, and the ventrals, which are attached under the third and fourth dorsal spines, have the first and second jointed rays pro- longed. The spinous ray ends in a fine hair-like point, like those of the dorsal and anal : it is represented in the figure as jointed, through oversight. In Mr. Bauer's drawing the ground colour of the body is mountain-green, with three orange-red lines running along the back, and seven deep yellow streaks on the sides. The uppermost of these streaks includes the fore part of the lateral line, and rises above it posteriorly. The lateral line is orange throughout. The head is yellow, with blue lines, which posteriorly pass into the green of the body. The dorsal is green, marked by four reddish -yellow lines, and an oblong deep blue stripe at the base, traversed by a yellow line. The anal is green, with two reddish-yellow streaks ; and the rays of the caudal are orange, with blue tips. The ventrals are green, without markings; and the pectorals are reddish. The lines shown on the figure are drawn from the specimen in which the colours have changed, the lines on the back to carmine, the large spot on the back to black with carmine hues, and the caudal to brown.* * I suspect that Mr. Gvessein's figure was painted from a specimen which had ah'eady begun to decay, so that its green had changed to blue, &c. The stomach is a straight tube, passing evenly into a delicate and more slender intestine, but too much decayed in the specimen for exact examination. The air-bladder is large, with an obtuse end touching the diaphragm, and the other extremity tapering to a fine point, which runs a little past the anus. Length 7|- inches. Hab. King George's Sound. The "toobitooit" or "toobetoobit" of the natives near Albany, King Geoi-ge's Sound, seems to be allied either to Oda.v or Scants. Dep. Ass. Comm. Gen. Neill, from whose drawing alone the species is known to us, reckons the rays as follows: "D. 17 soft and 11 fleshy; A. 11 fleshy ; P. 11 ; V. 4 strong rays." His figure (No. 3-3 lib. citat.) represents a subfusiform fish, tapering gradually from the pectoral region to the tail, which is about half the height of the nape. The back is less convex than the belly, the head less obtuse than a Scarus,hni more so than is usual in Oda.v. The lateral line straight and continuous. The jaws scaroid. Ventrals under the middle of the pec- torals, and beginning of the dorsal. Dorsal spinous rays, which would appear from Mr. Neill's note above quoted to be flexible, decreasing in height from the first to the seven- teenth, which is less than half as high. The jointed por- tion of the fin rises abruptly to a greater height than any of the spinous rays, and the anal is like to it. The naked trunk of the tail forms a fifth of the whole length of the fish. The caudal has the upper and under angles pro- jecting considerably, but is otherwise even at the end. The fish is black, with a greenish tinge on the belly. A spot round the anterior nostril, the inner part of first pec- toral ray, and a stripe next the upper and under caudal rays, of a brilliant blue. The scales, of which three ac- company the drawing, are moderately large, oblong, and rounded at both ends. Their bases are marked by ten or twelve fan-like lines, and their exposed disks covered with thick epidermis. This fish is an inhabitant of rocky shores, and is rare. The specimen was speared by a na- tive, and as it is said to be unknown to the sealers it most likely does not take a hook. From the form of its jaws it feeds most probably either on sea-weeds or corallines. Length of drawing 13 inches. Hab. King George's Sound. Labros inscriptus, vel Tautoga inscripta. Richardson. Radii:— B. ; D. 9|14; A. 3|10; C. 12|; P. 13; V. 1|5. Plate LVL, figs. 1, 2. The profile of this fish, when its jaws are fully retracted, is a regular ellipse, with a vertical diameter equal to one- third of the transverse one. The head is acute in profile, but the ellipse is lost in the trunk of the tail, whose height is 135 contained twice and a quarter in the height of the body. The total length of the fish, caudal included, is three times and a half greater than its height, and four times greater than the length of the head. The thickness is rather less than half the height. The jaws are considerably pro- tractile, the premaxillary pedicles going as far back as the middle of the orbit. The premaxillary lips are well deve- loped and plaited, and, together with the mandibular ones, are lax, and capable of being turned back even at the sym- physes of the jaTes. Each limb of each jaw is armed by about twelve teeth in the principal series, strongest as usual, and longest next the symphysis, and diminishing rapidly towards the corners of the mouth. Tliere is also a canine tooth at the corner of the mouth, implanted in the tip of the premaxillary, and a distinct interior row of small teeth above and below. The jaws can be so retracted un- der the preorbitar that even the lower parts of the premax- illaries are covered. The eye, small, round and near the profile, is two diameters of the orbit from the point of the head, with the jaws fully retracted, and three diameters from the edge of the gill-opening. The latter is restricted above by membrane, which connects the whole upper edge of the operculum to the shoulder. Three rows of round scales cover the operculum and suboperculum, except the lower angle of the latter, which, with the broad semi-mem- branous interoperculum and disk of the preoperculum, are clothed with smooth skin. The cheek, as far forward as the front of the orbit and hind corner of the preorbitar, is protected by small round scales, which descend from the narrow suborbitars to the border of the preopercular disk. There are seven or eight rows under the eye, which di- minish on the temples to two or three. The upper range of scales show a longer disk, and the supra-scapular, as the integuments dry, shows like a large scale on the side of the nape. The skin of the top of the head and round the eye is full of pores. The lateral line is traced on twenty-five scales, exclusive of two or three without tubes on the base of the caudal, and the usual fillets between the rays. The small tubes are divided by three successive bifurcations, and generally diverge considerably, few being close or bushy ; but there is considerable variety in the number of branches on the different scales, without any regular dimi- nution in their number either towards the head or tail. The dorsal spines are subulate and very acute, witli the membranous fillets behind them, as in the preceding spe- cies. The soft rays are somewhat taller. The pectorals are rounded, the ventrals acute, and the caudal even, with the corners rounded off. The colours are, in spirits, generally of a dull and dark brown tint, with a pale mark on each scale, bearing some resemblance to the characters of the Persian alphabet. There are some dark marks on the cheek and preopercu- lum, one on the base of the pectoral, and the membrane connecting the first three dorsal spines is blackish, with pale specks. There are also many pale specks on the anal. I have suspected that this fish may be the Otaheitian Inlis boryii of Lesson ( Voij. de la Coquille, PI. 36), from the similarity of the markings, but his figure shows no scales on the cheek or lower half of tlie operculum, and all the fins have different forms from those of our fish. No traces remain in the latter of the black crescent on the oc- ciput, nor of the markings on the dorsal, ])cctorals, ven- trals and caudal, which are shown in Lesson's figm-e. It is to be observed, however, that after a sketch of Lesson's specimen was taken, the fish was eaten, so that no compa- rative examination of the species has yet been made. Length lOg- inches. Hab. Norfolk Island. (Polynesia.?) Caranx georgianus. Cuv. et Val. Scomber micans, Solaiider, Pise. Austr. MS. p. 27. An Parkinson's fig. No. 88 ? Caranx georgianus, Cuv. et Val. ix. p. 85. Jcnyns, Zool. of Beagle, p. 71. Richardson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. x. p. 14. " Madavvick," Neill's Drawings of Fishes of King George's Sound, No. 32. Radii :— B. 7 D. 8|— l|-27; A. -2 P. 1119; V. 1|.5. 1|23; C. 19| Plate LVllI., figs. 1—3. This species was discovered at Opooragi, in New Zea- land, on Cook's first voyage, and a drawing made of it by Sidney Parkinson, which is preserved, along with the rest of the Natural-History sketches taken on that voyage, in the Banksian Library. Solander's description is published in the Annals and Magazine of Natural History as above quoted. The specimen described in the Hisloire des Poissoiis was procured by MM. Quoy and Gaimard in King George's Sound. We have had specimens from that locality also, and from the north-west coasts of Australia, collected by Surgeon Bynoe of the Royal Navy ; also from Norfolk island, through the kindness of Dr. Mc William ; besides some from New Zealand, in Sir James Ross's col- lection. Mr. Neill mentions that this fish is the " skip- jack " of the sealers, the "madawick " of the aborigines; that it is a very common inhabitant of shallow sandy bays, and forms a staple article of food for the natives, who as- semble in fine calm days and drive the fish into weirs formed of branches of trees and shrubs. It is occasionally taken by the hook. The close resemblance of the species to C. lima and plalessa is noticed in the Hisloire des Poissons. The specimen we have figured has a ray fewer in the dorsal and anal than the numbers stated by Solan- der, Cuvier, Jenyns and Neill. The scales are small, and exist on the interoperculum, preoperculum, suboperculum and breast. There are forty-one or Ibrty-two scales on the straight posterior part of the lateral line, twenty-two of which are decidedly keeled and cuspidate. The cuspidate scales pass gradually into the smaller, soft, round ones, both on the base of the caudal and anteriorly. The tallest dorsal spine measures nearly one-third of the height of the bodj' at the ventrals, and the free spines are close to the anus. The acute occijjital ridge lowers a little as it ap- proaches the point of the recumbent dorsal spine, and does 130 not actually touch it. From the anterior third of the orbit the ridge is less prominent, and more obtuse forward to the nostrils (fig. 3). The teeth arc small, and just visible to the naked eye: viewed through a lens they do not appear acute, and are seen to form one row on the upper jaw, and two irregular crowded rows on the fore part of the mandi- ble. The length of the head is contained four times and one third in the total length of the fish. Length from 4 inches to 20 and more. Hab. New Zealand and Australia. of the ventrals. The accessory keels on the base of the caudal are conspicuous. The caudal is deeply forked, the dorsal and anal falcate at their t^^s. There is no recum- bent spine before the dorsal. The scaleless edges of the interspinous bones project strongly at the bases of the anal rays. The pectoral reaches to the third or fourth soft anal ray. Length 17'5 inches. Hab. Northern coasts of Australia and Torres Straits. Caranx paraspistes. Richardson. Radii :— B. 7, vel 8 : D. 8|— I|21 ; A. 21— 1116; C. 18^; P. 1121; V. 1]5. Plate LVIII., figs. 6, 7. I have been unable to refer this fish to any described species. It approaches most closely to the Caranx djed- daba of Riippell (Atlas 25, f 3), but the caudal keel, though strongly shielded, tapers more posteriorly, and the points of the dorsal and anal are not falcate. C. hajad (Idem) has a smaller first dorsal, and C.fiilvo-guitatus (Idem, 25, f. 7), has a less armed lateral "line, and the free spines closer to the anal. C. chryHophrys (C. et V. ix. p. 37) has a conspicuous recumbent dorsal spine and more delicate caudal shields : the height of body and profile are also different. C. paraspistes frequents brackish lagoons at Port Essing- ton, and is known to the aborigines by the name of " ork- budbood." Its upper jaw is armed on each side by seven rather stoutly subulate, but not tall teeth, which stand some- what widely, and reach from the symphysis to the middle of the premaxillaries, within which there is a narrow band of minute recurved teeth, extending onwards to the corner of the mouth. The mandible presents a single row of short, subulate, curved teeth, reaching to the corner of the mouth, without any interior band. They are somewhat taller near the symphysis, but are not above half the size of the exterior premaxillary teeth. A very narrow stripe of minute teeth is visible on the edge of the palate-bone, in the dried specimen, by aid of a lens. The vomer is toothless. The breast, temples and cheek are scaly ; but the oper- cular pieces, preorbitar, maxillary and lovver jaw are scale- less. The supra-scapular region and nape are scaly, and a smooth crest, emitting some scaleless lines, having short lateral branches, runs back to the first dorsal. The tail is strongly keeled, and a lateral view of the keel, of the natural size, is represented in fig. 7. There are thirty- three shields, the anterior ones gradually diminishing, but the first of them, though small, is distinctly keeled, so that there is no gradual passage into the soft scales of the curved part of the line. It is situated over the axdla of the second free anal spine. The anus is re- mote from the free spines, and lies between the points Caranx speciosus. Forskal. {Scomber). Scomber speciosus, Forskal, p. 54 Caranx tres-beau, Lacepede, 111, p. 72, PI. 1, f. 1. Scomber poloosoo, Russell, 149. Caranx speciosus (Lacep.), Riippell, All. p. 96, yonnfj. Caranx petaurista (Geoffr.), Riippell, All. p. 95, PI 25, f. 2, adult. Caranx speciosus, Cuv. et Val. 9, p. 130. Radii:— D. 7|— 1|19; A. 2]— ljl6; C. 17|.; P. 1|20; V. 1|5. Plate LVIII., figs. 4, 5. (C. poloosoo). The various sj'nonyms of this widely-spread species are quoted above on the authority of the Histuire des Poissons, and the figure of a fish that has been so frequently repre- sented has been given partly to balance the plate, by filling a corner, and partly to add, as f\ir as our limits will allow, to the illustrations of Australian fish. A coloured drawing which we possess, of a specimen captured at Houtman's Abrolhos, on the western coast of Australia, represents the dark bars as traced on a bright yellow ground. We are in- formed, in the Histoire des Poissons, that the older speci- mens lose their yellow tints and dark bars, and become silvery. The bars, however, are strongly traced in Rus- sell's figure of the "poloosoo," which measures 10 inches, and the profile of tliis figure agrees better with our fish than the petaurista of Riippell does. The latter has, moreover, stronger shields * on the tail, even taking its greater size into consideration, than our specimen, on which they are small and tender. In the Histoire des Poissons the teeth are said to be entirely wanting in the adult. In our specimen the jaws, particularly the lower one, are per- ceptibly rough to the touch, and the teeth can be seen by aid of a common lens. There is a recumbent spine be- fore the dorsal. Length of specimen 2'7 inches. Hab. Coasts of Australia. Polynesia. Malay Archipe- lago. Indian Ocean. Mauritius. Red Sea. M. Bus- seuil, the naturalist attached to Bougainville's Expedition, first found it on the coasts of New Holland. (Hist, des * Russell's figure is noted in the Histoire des Poissons as represent- ing the shields too small, and is therefore quoted with some doubt as a synonym of speciosus. It ap^rees better with the Australian fish, as I have stated above, than any of the other plates quoted in the Histoire des Poissons. 137 Eqdiila SEERrLiFERA. Ricliavclsoii. Capros austrai.is. Richardson. Radii:— B. 5; D. 8|17; A. 2|14; V. 1|5; P. 15. Capros amlmlis, Richardson, Zoo). Trans, to Austr. Iclith. Annals of Nat. Hist. xi. p. 171. Idem, Contr. Plate LIX., figs. 12—14. Radii:— B. 8; D. 9|.30; A. 2|31 ; C. 13| ; P. 11 ; V. 1|6. I have many doubts of this fish being a distinct species from the Eqitula ensifera of the Histoire des Poissons, which is the Scomber edenttilus of Bloch, pi. 428. Capt. Ross procured seven or eight specimens at Sidney, but they are all more or less mutilated in the rajs or mem- branes of the fins ; and some deficiencies in the largest example, which is figured in Plate LIX., have been sup- plied from the smaller ones. The profile is steeper between the nose and first dorsal than that of e)isifera, and the second dorsal spine is some- what taller, if i31och's figure be correct. It has a thin crest in front of its whole length, which M. Valenciennes compares to the blade of a sword; but the posterior face of the spine, instead of being equally trenchant, is rounded with a scarcely perceptible crest. The length of this spine exceeds half the height of the body. The third and fourth dorsal spines and the third anal spine have broader ante- rior crests than the second one ; but these crests, instead of being quite entire as in the latter, are strongly serrated. M. Valenciennes does not notice these serrated blades or crests in his descriptions of the spines of any of the spe- cies, but they are represented in Buchanan-Hamilton's figure of Equida rticonia (Plate 12), and exist also in E. iiucJialis of the Fauna Japonica, whence I am led to conjecture that they may possess a generic character. The second anal spine is shaped like the second dorsal, but has a rather more evident posterior crest. All the spines in both fins are wrinkled on the sides in a pe- culiar manner. In other particulars of structure M. Va- lenciennes' minute description of ensifera applies to this fish. The pectoral and ventral fins differ in our figure from Bloch's representation of ensifera, but from the state of the specimens I cannot be certain that they are absolutely correct ; and, from the integuments having shrunk, the artist has represented the interspinous bone as projecting before the anal spines in a manner which it does not do in the recent fish. The teeth are very fine and densely crowded, and take the curve of the edge of the jaw in a peculiar manner. Indications of nine or ten vertical bars, descending from the back down the upper half of the sides, may be traced in certain lights, and I suspect that a dark spot existed on the spinous dor- sal. One of the small specimens shows such a spot dis- tinctly, but the height of the body of this individual is not quite so great in proportion as in the one figured. Another small specimen has the front crest of the second dorsal spine serrated, so that there is either some variety in this respect or more than one species in Sir James Ross's col- lection, which the imperfect condition of the specimens will not allow me to determine. Length 3g- inches. Hab. Coasts of Australia. Plate LIX , figs. 1—5. In the Zoological Transactions, as tpioted above, I named this fish from a drawing made by a convict in Tas- mania for Dr. Lhotsky ;* and in the Annals and Magazine of Natural History, as above quoted, I gave a full account of this drawing, which proves to be erroneous in the num- bers of the gill and fin-rays, and in some minor points. The specimen brought home by Captain Ross, which was procured by him at Sidney, enables me to give the figure in Plate LIX. and the subjoined description, though the tips of some of the soft dorsal and anal rays, and those of the pectorals, having been mutilated, I cannot be certain of the exact form of these fins. In the number of branchi- ostegous rays, the form and structure of the scales, and in some other particulars which will be noticed in the follow- ing description, Capros aiislralis differs from aper. Its body, which is fully as much compressed as that of aper, has a more regularly-elliptical profile, whose vertical diameter, under the commencement of the dorsal, is equal to two-thirds of the longitudinal one, measuring the latter from the tip of the lower jaw, with the mouth shut, to the setting on of the trunk of the tail behind the dorsal and anal. The face is not concave over the eye, except when the protrusion of the jaws depresses the profile, by the withdrawal of the pedicles of the intermaxillaries. The eye is smaller than that of aper, the preorbitar is rounde"d and quite entire on the edge, instead of being crenulated or lobed, and the maxillaries descend when the mouth is projected. When the mouth is closed the lower jaw ascends,' and forms the rather acute apex of the ellipse. The length of the head in that condition is contained thrice and a half in the entire length of the fish, caudal included. The preoperculnm, instead of resembling that of aper, is more like that of Zeus faber, and is even longer, with a moderate curvature, a narrow disk, a minutely and irregularly crenated thin posterior edge, and no posterior rectangular expansion at the bend as in aper. The scaly cheek is high and oblique, like that of faber, in conse- quence of the length and inclination of the preoperculnm. The bony operculum and suboperculum together are twice as high as long, and are truncated at the tips ; but an addition of membrane gives a somewhat triangular but obtuse form to the gill-plate. The suboperculum nearly equals the oper- culum in size, and the long interoperculum shows behind the preoperculnm, both above and below its bend. The jaws are armed with fine microscopical teeth, as are also the chevron of the vomer and edge of the palatine bones. * The conjecture hazarded in page 36 as to this drawing probably re- ferring to Zeus auslralis proves to be erroneous. The nostrils are similar to those of aper. The superior border of the orbit is thin, elevated and finely crenulated. Between the orbits there is a triangular space filled with smooth membrane, which covers the ends of the intermax- illary pedicles when the mouth is retracted, and then it is raised into an acute ridge, but when the mouth is pro- truded a depression is produced there by the sinking of the membrane. A small smooth space is continued from this membrane bordering the orbit down to the temples, but no stri« are perceptible on the cranium such as exist in aper. Behind the membranous spaces the head is densely scaly. The ridges on the mandible are quite smooth and rounded, and its posterior articular corner is rectangular, and, with the limb of the bone, is separable to a considerable depth from the isthmus, forming a flap. The gill-rays are eight in number, while in aper they are staled by M. Valenciennes to be only five. No scales exist on the gill-membrane. The nape is much compressed, but not absolutely acute on the edge, and it is less curved than that oi aper, being nearly straight. The first dorsal, consisting of nine tall, slender spines, with fine flexible tips, commences a little before the anal. Its first spine is very short, the second is the tallest, and its height is equal to three-fourths of that of thebodj'; the others decrease gradually to the ninth, which has not above the fifth part of the height of the second. This fin stands on much less space than that of aper. The soft fin has comparatively short rays and a greatly arched outline. The anal is nearly similar to it, and commences with two little spines, the second one being the most diminutive. The naked part of the tail behind these fins is more slen- der than that of aper. Each ventral is supported in front by a long slender spine, with a flexible tip, and is followed by six jointed rays, which are forked at the end, the last two rays being as much separated at the base as the others. Behind these fins there is a deep smooth fissure, in which they lie when depressed, their tips projecting, one on each side of the anal spines. The walls of the fissure are made rigid by the scales which edge them, and the anus opens into its fore part near the axilla of the fins. The scales of the body are small and densely tiled, and feel very rough to the finger when drawn from the tail towards the head. This roughness is caused by a few short conical points, very different from the dense villosity of the scales oi aper. The basal half of the scale is transversely striated by the lines of structure (see figures 4 and 5). The lateral line is conspicuous enough, and follows nearly the curve of the back. The membrane of the first dorsal and of the ven- trals retains a blackish tint. The drawing above alluded to represents the fish generally as having a deep roseate hue. Length 5 inches. Hab. Coasts of Tasmania and southern parts of Aus- tralia. Since the description of Zeus australis (p. 36, PI. XXV., f. 1) was written, I have seen a more perfect speci- men from Western Australia, now in the British Aluseum, which enables me to make some additions to the account of the species. The black lateral spot exists; the last rays of the dorsal and anal are divided to the base, so that the formula for these fins may be D. 10| — 23 or 24; A. 4|22 or 23. The two anterior anal spines are in contact with each other, and spring from the same interspinous bone, without the membranous space between them, which is represented in our figure. There is a flat membranous space between the orbits, bounded on each side by a low Saurus undosquamis. Richardson. Radii:— 12— 12; D. 11—0; A. 11; C. 17|; V. 9. Plate LI., figs. 1—6. 1 have been unable to reconcile this species with any described one, but having only the insuflficient figures and descriptions of Bloch, Lacepede and Russell to refer to for assistance, in coming to this conclusion, it may possibly prove to be one of the species alluded to by Cuvier in the Rec/ne Animal, but of which I have seen no account. The few members of the genus that I have had an oppor- tunity of examining, and which are described in the ' Report of the Ichthyology of China, &c.," already quoted frequently, differ from each other considerably in their dentition, which, if duly attended to, may probably furnish useful characters for the distribution of the species into groups. The height and thickness of S. undosquamis are about equal at the shoulders : the back is flatly rounded from the dorsal to the occiput, and the breast is flat from the ventrals to the isthmus, while the sides are convex and more prominent. From the dorsal to the caudal fin tlie compression is decided, though not great, and the sides are flattened, the back remaining rounded. Posterior to the anal the height is about one-third greater than the tliickness. The head forms a fourth of the length of the fish, excluding the caudal, or rather more than a fifth if that fin be included. Its height and breadth at the tem- ples are equal, its sides are flat and vertical, and it is also flat above, but excavated by a wide shallow groove be- tween the orbits. When viewed from above (fig. 2) the upper bone of the humeral chain appears like a tapering, but not acute scale, at the angle of the gill-opening ; the borders of the orbits are seen to be prominent, and the eyes to encroach much less upon the upper aspect than in a Saurus obtained by Sir Edward Belcher, which J have described in the Report alluded to, under the name of .S'. ar. 264 (1843) ; Zool. Erch. a^id Terror, tab. l,f. 1 (1874). Corystes (Anisopus) punctata. Be Haan Faun. Japan, p. U,pl. 2,f. 1 (1850). Platyonychus purpureas, Bana, U. S. Explor. Exped. XWl.,' Crust. I., p. 291, pi. 18,/. 3 (1852). Hab. Australasia, Chili. B.M. The specimen figured is the type of Portunus Cathams, White, whirli M. A. ]\[ilne-Edwards, in his paper in the Archiv. du ^Museum aliove (iuuted, rightly considers synony- mous with I'lati/oiti/chus hipustulatus, Milne-Edwards. Genus Caxcer, Linnasus. Syst. Nat. I. 2, p. 1038 (1767) ; Leach, Malac. Pod. Brit., tab. 10 (1815). Platvcarcinus, Latr., Milne-Eclwd., Hist. Nat. Crust. 1., p. 412 (1834). CANCEE NOV.E-ZELANDLi). Platycarcinus novre-zealandijB, Lucas in Hombr. and Jacq. Voy. Pole Sud., p. :U, pi. 3,/. 6. Cancer Novii? Zi'al;iiiili:i', White, List Crust. Brit. Mus., p. 20 (1847); Zool. Jurhus and Terror, tab. 1,/. 5 (1874). Cancer Nova'-Zelandiffi, A. Milne-Edw., Nouv. Archiv. dio Museum I., p. 189 (1865). Hab. New Zealand. B.M. This species is very probably identical with the C. pleheius, Poeppig, from Chili. The granulated ridges on the claws, and the shape of the teeth on the latero-anterior margin vary much in the specimens in the JIuseum, from both localities, but M. A. Milne-Edwards in his monograph above (quoted, considers the species distinct. Decapoda Anomoura. Sub-tribe Porcellanidea, Dana. U.S. Ej-plor. Exped. XIII., Crust. I., p. 400 (1852). Genus Petrolisthes, Stimpson. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. X., p. 227 (1858). Petrolisthes elongatus. PorceUana elongata, Milne-Edw., Hist. Nat. Crust. II., p. 251 (1837) ; White, List Crust. Brit. Mus.,i)- 62 (1847) ; Zool. Erebus and Terror, tah. 3,/. 3 (1874). Hab. New Zealand. B.M. Sub-tribe Paguridea, Dana. U.S. Explor. Exped. XIII., Crxist. I., p. 432 (1852). Genus Pagurus, Fabricius. Ent. Sijst. II., 2^- 468 (1793) ; Milne-Edw. ; Dana, U.S. Explor. Exped. XIII., Ctos<. I., p. 449 (1852). Pagurus deformis. Pagurus deformis, Milne-Edw. Ann. Sri. Nat. (ser. 2) VI., ^. 272; 2^1- 13,/ 4 (1836); Hist. Nat. Crust. II., ^J. 222 (1837). Pagurus cavipes, White, Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 122 (1847) ; List Cmst.Brit. Mies., p. 60 (1847) : A. & M. N H. {ser. 2) l.,2J. 223 (1848) ; Zool. Erebus and Terror, tab. 2,f. 3 (1874). Pagurus cultratus, White, List Crust. Brit. Mus.,p. 60 (1848). Pagurus diftbrmis, Dana, U.S. Ex2)lor. Exjxd. XIII., Crust. I., p. 449 (1852). Hab. Philippine Is. ; Samoa ; Australia ; Bramble Key. B.M. I have no doubt froin the figure and descriptions above quoted that P. cavipes and P. cultratus. White, are the same species aS' P. dcfoi-mis, Milne-Edwards. The pro- minent ridge on the third left leg gives it an excavated appearance. I can find no characters by which to distin- guish the single specimen of Pagurus cultratus. White, in the British Museum, from the Philippines, from the younger specimens of P. eavipics, from Australia. The largest specimen of P. cavi2)cs (the one figured) has the larger liand more distinctly tubercular and granulated, and the tarsus of the third leg on the right side pro- portionately longer, but these peculiarities seem due to the age of the specimen. The figure badly represents the excavated tarsus of the third leg on the left side. Genus Eupagurus, Brandt. Middcndorf's Sibirische Rcise Zool. I., p. 105 (1851). Bernhardus, Da7ia, U.S. Explor. Exped. XIII., Crust. I., p. 440 (1852). Eupagurus comptus. Pagurus comptus, Wliite, Proc. Zool. Soc, p. 122 (1847) ; List Crust. Brit. Mus., p. 59 (1847) : A. & M. N. If. (ser. 2) l.,p. 224 (1848); Zool. Erebus and Terror, tab. 2, / 5, 5rt (1874). Hab. Falkland Islands. Type. B.M. Fig. 5, animal, oa, hand enlarged. Genus Clibanarius, Dana. U.S. Expilor. Exped. XIII, Crust. I., p. 461 (1852). Clibanarius strigimanus. Pagurus strigimanus, White, Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 121, (1847); List Crust. Brit. Mus., p. 60 (1847); A. & M. N. H. {ser. 2) I., p. 224 (1848) ; Zool. Erebus and Terror, tab. 2,/. 4 (1874). Hab. Van Diemen's Land. Tyi^e. B.M. This species is very different in appearance from most of the genus, but agi-ees in the generic characters. Sub-tribe Galatheidea, Dana. U.S. Explor. Exped. XIII., Crust. I., p. 401 (1852). Genus Muxida, Leach. Diet. Sci. Nat. XVIII.,_p. 52. MUNIDA SUBRUGOSA. Galathea subrugosa, Wliite, List Crust. Brit. Mus., p. '<>'o (1847) ; Zool. Erebus and Terror, tab. 3,/. 2 (1874). Carapace oblong, the sides slightly curved, the lateral margins with seven teeth. Front three-spined, the middle spine projecting considerably beyond the eyes, the lateral ones not quite half as long as the middle spine, and not projecting beyond the eyes. A second smaller spine behind each of the lateral frontal spines. A spine on either side of the middle line in the gastric region. Second third and fourth abdominal segments with a spine on either side of the middle line. The arms are now wanting in both the specimens in the Museum. Hab. Auckland Islands, Eendezvous Cove. Type. B.M. The specimens obtained in the U.S. Explor. Exped. at Terra del Fuego, and referred by Dana with doubt to this species (U.S. Explor. Exped. XIII., p. 479, pi. 30, f. 7) differ in the number and arrangement of the spines on the carapace, and the sliape of the hands, and are no doubt specifically distinct. Sub-tribe Dromidea ? Dana. U.S. Explor. Exped. XIIL, Crust. \.,p. 400 (1852). Genus Cymopolu, Eoux. Crust, de la Mcditerran^e (1827) ; Milne-Edwd. Hist. Nat. Crust, p. 158 (1837). Cymopolia jukesii. Tab. 3, /. 4, 4 a-c. Cymopolia Jukesii, White, App. Jukes Voy. Fly, p. 338, pi. 2,/. 1 (1847) ; List Crust. Brit. Mus., p. 54 (1847). Hab. Torres Straits, Sir C. Hardy's Island. Type. B.M. Tlie true position of the genus Gymopolia is very doubt- ful. M. Milue-Edwd., in tlie Hist. Nat. Crust., considered it as intermediate between the Dori])pidae and Crrapsidac, l)ut the square buccal opening (which however is im- perfectly closed in front) is very different from that of the O.rAj^toviata, to which the Borippidae belong. It has a great e.xternal resemblance to the Grapsidce, and, I think, should constitute a distinct group among the Anomoura Grapsidica in Dana's arrangement, although the articulation of the fourth joint of the outer maxiUipeds is Maioid and not Gmpsoid in character, as De Haan has shown (Faun. Japou., p. 113) on which account Dana placed the genus with the Dromictdae among the Anomoura Maioidea, but he had not seen any specimens. Degapoda Macrouea. Sub-tribe Thalassinidea, Dana. U.S. Explor. Expal. XIII., Crust. I., p. 500 (1852). Genus Gebia, Leach. Malac. Pod. Brit, tab. XXXI (1815). Gebia hirtifrons. Tab. 3, Jir/. 5, 5a. Gebia hirtifrons, White, Proc. Zool. Soc, p. 122 (1847) : List Crust. Brit. Mus., p. 71 (1847) ; A. and M. N. H. (scr. 2) l.,p. 225 (1848). Hab. South Seas. Sub-tribe Astacidea, Dana. U.S. Explor. Expcd. XIII., Crust. I., p. 501 (1852). Genus Paranephrops, White. Graij, Zool. Misccll. II., p. 79 (1842). Paranephrops planifkons. Tab. 2>,fig. 1. Paranephrops planifrons. White, Gray, Zool. Misccll. II., p. 79 (1842) ; Bieffenb., New Zeal. II.', ^). 267 (1843) ; List Crust. Brit. Mus., p. 72 (1847). Paranephrops teuuicornis, Bana, U.S. Explor. Expcd. XIII., Crust. I., p. 527, pi. 33,/. 4 (1852). Hab. New Zealand. Type. B.M. There is a specimen named P. tcnuicornis in the British Museum, from New Zealand, presented by the Smithsonian Institution, "Washington, which appears to have been wrongly determined, for the rostrum is three-toothed on each side as in P. planifrons, whereas P. tcnuicornis is described and figured by Dana as having four teeth on each side of the rostrum. I have no doubt, however, that P. tenuicornis is identical with P. planifrons, or at most only a variety of it, for the number of teeth on the sides of the rostrum is liable to variation in the latter species, there being sometimes three ou one side and four on the other, in the same specimen. Paranephrops zelandicus. Astacus Zealandicus, Wliite, Proc. Zool. Soc, p. 123 (1847) ; List Crust. Brit. Mus., p. 72 (1847) ; A. and M. N. H. {scr. 2) I., p. 223 (1848) ; Zool. Erebus and Terror, tab. 2,/. 2 (1874). Hab. New Zealand. Type. B.M. This species must be referred to Paranephrops. The antennary scales are not so much developed and the arms are not so elongated as in P. p)lanifrons, but the hands are covered with spines, like those of the other species of the genus, and are very different from the smooth hands of Potamobius (Astacus), all the species of which inhabit the northern hemisphere. Moreover the supplementary ab- dominal legs which are characteristic of the males of Potamobius and some other genera, are absent in this, as well as in the other species of Paro.nephrops, in the British Museum. Sub-tribe Caridea, Dana. U.S. Explor. Exped. XIIL, Crust. l.,p. 501 (1852). Genus Alope, Wliite. Proc. Zool. Soc, p. 123 (1847) ; List Crmt. Brit. Mus., p. 75 (1847) ; A. and M. N. H. (ser. 2) I., p. 225 (1848). Alope palpaiis. Tc(h. 4:, fig. 1. Alope palpaiis, White, Proc Zool. Soc, p. 124 (1847) ; List Cr%ist. Brit. Mus., p. 75 (1847) ; A. and M. JV. H. {scr. 2) I.,^. 226 (1848). Hab. New Zealand. Type. B.M. Alpheus, Fabricius. Ent. Syst. Suppl, p. 404 (1798) ; Mibic-Echcd. Hist. Nat. Cr2ist. ll.,p. 349 {jKirt) ; Bana, U.S. Explor. Exped. XIIL, Crust. I., p. 534. * Beak linear, rising from front margin of carapace. (Inferior margin of larger hand notched at base of finger. Orbits over eyes entire. Fingers of smaller hand not longer than the hand itself) Alpheus edwardsil Alplieus Neptunus, White, List Crust. Brit. Mus., p. 74 (1847) ; Zool. Erebus and Terror, tab. 4,f. 3 (1874). Athanasus Edwardsii, Aud&uin, in Savigny Beser. de I'Egypfe, pi. 10, f. 1 ; not Alpheus Edwardsii, Milne-Edwd., Hist. Nat. Crust. II., ^. 352 ; Bana, U.S. Explor. Exped. XIIL, Crust. I., p. 542, p. 34, / 2. _ Carapace more inflated than in Alpheus strenuus. Hand larger, similar to that of A. strenuus, but the fingers are narrower compared with the palm. The first joint of the carpus of the second pair of legs is longer than the second, the second joint longer than either the third or fourth and about as long as the fifth joint. The smaller hand is wanting. The Alpheus Neptunus described by Dana, U.S. Explor. Exped. XIIL Crust. I., p. 553, pi. 35, f 5, has a three- s})ined front, like tliat of Alpkcus mi mi.';, Say, and has nothing to do with the Alplieus Neptttnus of White. Hab. Port Essington. B.M. Alpheus strexuus. Alpheus Doris, IVhitc, List Crust. Brit. Mus., p. 75 (1847) ; Zool. Erebus and Terror, tab. 4,/. 2 (1874). Alpheus Ehode, White, List Crust. Brit. 3fus.,p. 75 (1874). Alpheus strenuus, Dana, U.S. Explor. E.rpcd. XIII., Crust. I., p. 545, pi. 34, /. 2 (1852). Larger hand hairy, especially towards the fingers, with a longitudinal groove above on the inner surface close to tiie upper margin and an oblique groove on the outer surface of the palm. Smaller hand opening nearly horizontally, the outer (moveable) finger flattened, with an oblique ridge at its base on the outer surface, the margins thickly ciliated. The two first joints of the carpus of the second pair of legs equal in length and each longer than either of the three following joints. Hab. Philippine Islands. Torres Straits. B.M. Alpheus galathea. Tab, 4, Jij. 4. Alpheus Galathea, White, Lint Crust. Brit. Mus., p. 75 (1847). Hab. Port Essington. Type. B.M. Alpheus alope. Ted). ■^,fi(j. 6. Alpheus Alope, White, LUt Crust. Brit. Mus., p. 75 (1847). Hab. Australia, Port Stephen. Type. B.M. The types of Alpheus galathea and Aljilnns n/Dpem the British Museum belong to this section df ilic uciius, but are in too bad a condition to be distinctively cliaracterised. ** Beak triangular, rising beliind the front margin of the carapace. (Orbits with spines over the eyes.) Alpheus doto. Tub. 4, Jig. 5. Alpheus Doto, White, List Crust. Brit. Mus., p. 75 (1847). Eostrum narrow, triangular, scarcely projecting beyond the front of the carai)ace. Upper mai-gins of the orbits with a minute s\nne. Hands (in the figure, the left hand is now wanting in the type) similar, the left the smallest. Kight liand smooth, witli scattered yellowish hairs, the lower margin straight entire, the upper convex. Fingers very small. The first joint of the carpus of the second pair of legs longer than the second, the second joint about as long as the third and fourth together. Hab. Sir C. Hardy's Island. Type. B.M. Alpheus thetis. Tab. A, fig. 7. Alpheus Thetis, White, List Crust. Brit. J/«.s., p. 75 (1847). Hab. New Holland. Type. B.M. The specimens of this species in the British Museum are in too imperfect a condition to be well distinguished from other species of the same section of the genus. The hands are wanting. The beak projects beyond the front margin of the carapace ; the first joint of the carpus of the second pair of legs is longer than any of the succeeding. In these respects A. thetis resembles the Alpheiis lacvis, Randall, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. VIII., p. 141, figured by Dana, U.S. P^x'plor. Exped. Crust, pi. 35, fig. 8, with which it may be identical. THE ZOOLOGY VOYAGE OF H.M.S. EREBUS & TERROR, UNDER THE COMMAND OF CAPTAIN SIE JAMES CLARK ROSS, R.N., F.R.S., DURING THE YEARS 1839 TO 1843. By AUTHORITY OF THE LORDS COMMISSIONERS OF THE ADMIRALTY. EDITED UY JOHN RICHARDSON, M.D., F.R.S., &c. ; JOHN EDWARD GRAY, Esq., Ph.D., F.R.S., &c. I N S E (J T S . HY ADAM WHITE, M.KS., &c., ARTHUR GARDINER BUTLER, F.L.S., F.Z.S., &c. LONDON: E. W. JANSON, 28, MUSEUM STREET, W.C. M.DCCC.XLVI.— M.DCCC.LXXIV. INSECTS 1. — INSECTS OF NEW ZEALAND. The following catalogue contains a list of the insects hitherto recorded as having been found in New Zealand and the Auckland Islands, to which is added a description of the new species brought home by the officers of the Expedition, and of others since obtained from Dr. Sinclair, Mr. Earl, and other persons, and are either contained in the collection of the British Museum or in those of Capt. PaiTy and W. W. Saunders, Esq., who have kindly placed their collections at our disposal for the purpose of their being described and figured. Family Cicindelid,^:. CiCINDELA TUBERCULATA. Cicindela tuberculata, Fahr. Sijst. Eleuth. I. 238, 32 Oliv. t. 3 f. 28. Dejean. spec. gen. II. 431. Gueriu. Voy. Coquille t. 1. /". 4 Subcylindrical, obscure bronze. Elytra spotted with green ; shoulder and base of the side of elytra with a yel- lowish lunule, connected at the end with a spot in the middle, forming a transverse band, which extends nearly to the suture and is bent downwards at the end ; on the outer edge it is dilated, especially towards the upper lu- nule ; at the lower part it is but slightly attached to the terminal lunule of elytra, which is narrowest in the middle ; the other parts of elytra are of a blackish pui-ple, with many minute greenish dots ; an interrupted line on each elytron near the suture of larger spots ; scutellum with the sides nearly straight. Hab. New Zedand. Cicindela Douei. Cicindela Douei, Chenu. Guerin Mag. de ZooL, 1840, t. 4.5. Elongated, bronzed above; labium and mandibles on the sides yellow ; thorax quadrate, somewhat flattened, deeply impressed with two transverse bluish furrows ; ely- tra with anterior margin, lunules on shoulder and subapi- cal point, yellow. Body beneath greenish blue, with white hairs. Hab. New Zealand. Cicindela Late-cincta. PI. 1/. 1. Elytra bordered all round with a widish yellow band, which extends close to the edge ; the inner edge has four slight sinuosities and three lobes, the middle one largest, forming a shortish band, not quite reaching to the suture. Head, thorax and rest of elytra of a dark, bronzy brown. Elytra much elongated. Length 7 lines. Hab. New Zealand (Waikouaiti), Mr. Earl. Cicindela Parryi. PI. 1./. 2. Obscure bronze ; elytra with a slight isolated lunule on the basal edge of a pale yellow, with many brown dots, a wid- ish line on the margin next to this, from the front of which a shaipish spot directed backwards does not nearly attain the suture. This, and a wide, straightish spot at the end of the elytra are pale yellow, thickly dotted with brown, rest of elytra of a bronzy hue, very much pustuled, with many largish, irregularly placed gieenish spots, and two deep velvet-like, somewhat sagittate marks near the suture ; scutellum large, with the sides rounded, antennae with the first joint green, the other joints ferruginous, fi:om the 2nd B to the 4th paler; head narrowish; thorax with the two lobes forming upper part uot so distinct as in C. tuberculata, tibiae and tarsi paler than in C. tuberculata; the elytra also are wider and less long than in that species. Length, 5 to b^ lines. Hab. New Zealand (Port Nicholson), Capt. Parry. Mus. Brit., from Mr. Earl's collection. Family Carabid^e. Cymindis dieffenbachii. Cymindis Dieffenbachii, White. Dieff. Neiv Zeal. II. 273. C. australis, Honihr. and Jacq., Voy.au Pole Sud.t. 1. /7. Of a brownish black, with the antennae and legs tawny ; the C. australis, Dej. Spec. Gen, II. 449, is a very different insect, distinguished from this by its size, colour and form ; it is a native of Port Jackson. Hab., New Zealand (Otago), Hombron and Jacquinot. Lebia binotata. Lebia binotata, Hombron and Jacq., Voy. an Pole Sud. t. \.f. 8. Head and elytra of a deep brown, each of the latter with a longish testaceous spot, widest in the middle ; thorax, antennae and legs rufo-testaceous ; apes of elytra very slightly tinged with testaceous ; elytra have several slight- ly raised lines. Length, 3 lines. Hab., New Zealand, (Port Nicholson and Waikouaiti). Demetrida, White. Head as wide as thorax, narrowed behind the eyes, which are very prominent ; last joint of the paljii oval and pointed ; thorax longer than wide, narrower than elytra, straight in front, gradually rounded and narrowed at the end ; side margined, a deep groove down the middle ; ely- tra narrow at base, gradually wider towards the end, flat- tened above ; abdomen considerably longer than elytra ; tarsi with the claws small and serrated on the edge ; first three joints triangular, fourth joint strongly bilobed. Demetrias (Demetrida) lineella, PI. I.y!3. Head smooth, but somewhat rugose in front of eyes, with the antennae and cibarial organs testaceous, behind the eyes brownish ; thorax testaceous, sides of it above with a brownish band and finely striated across ; thoracic groove in front divided into three ; elytra testaceous, with nine longitudinal punctato-striated lines, some of them connected at base and tip ; a longish brown line near the outer margin of each elytron ; one or two spots near the end of two or three of the inner striae ; legs and under side testaceous. Length, 4 lines. Hab., New Zealand (Port Nicholson), Mus. Parry. Demetrida nasuta. Head produced in fi-ont, with the antennae rufo-testa- ceous ; thorax rufo-fuscous ; groove down the middle, sim- ple in front, the upper ]3art with many delicate transverse .striae ; elytra rather deeply striated, deep fuscous ; longish spot on each shoulder ; narrow side margin of each ely- tron, and oblique spot at the tip of each serrated above, of a yellowish colour ; under side deep brown ; legs yel- lowish. Length, 3 lines. Hab., New Zealand. Mus. Parry. Dromius fossulatus. Dromius fossulatus, Homhr. and Jacq., Voy. Pole Sud. t. 3/. 16. Hab., New Zealand (Akaroa). AcTENONYX. White. Head nearly as wide as the thorax, with large, but not very prominent eyes ; antennae longish, with oblong joints ; thorax nearly as wide as long, straightish in front, and behind, where it is slightly narrowed ; elytra very wide and depressed, obliquely truncated at the end ; tarsi with claws slender and not serrated ; a genus in form approach- in Calleida. ACTENONYX BeMBIDIOIDES. Entirely bronzed ; head and thorax greenish ; elytra with longitudinal shallow strife ; some of striae near suture with two or three punctures ; sides of head striated, in the middle quite smooth ; two or three short rufescent hairs above the eyes ; thorax finely striated on the sides of the groove. Length, 4 lines. Hab., New Zealand. CoLPODES SDBMETALLICnS. Bronzy brown ; thorax with the side margins yel- lowish ; the side margins of elytra very slightly yellow ; Head in front, with the sides with two deepish longitudi- nal impressions ; the edge slightly recurved, scarcely grooved in the middle ; elytra with straight grooves not punctured ; the 2nd groove (fi'om the suture), near the end with a transverse, very short impressed hue on the outside ; near the margin a row of impressed points, closest near the end ; an impressed point near the end of 7lh stria ; legs yellowish ; antennae brownish ; under side of abdomen greenish. Length 4f lines. Hab., New Zealand. Pristonychus castaneus. Pristonyclius castaneus, Honihr. and Jticq. Joy. an Pole Slid. t.2./. I. Hab., Auckland Islands. Pristonychus brevis. Pristonychus brevis, Homhr. and Jacq., Voy. au Pole Slid. t. 2. f. 2 Hab., Auckland Islands. Calathus rubro-marginatus. Calathus rubro-marginatus, Hombr. and Jacq., Voy. au Pole Slid. t. 2./. 3. Hab., Auckland Islands. Anchomenus elevatus. Anchomenus elevatus. Parry, Mss. Head in front, with a very obscure impression on one side ; antennae and palpi ferruginous ; thorax, with a deep- ish groove down the middle, not reaching the fore or hind margin ; the side-margin hollowed out, and a longish bent groove on each side behind, fading away in front ; elytra with the grooves very deep ; 3rd and 4th, and 5th and 6th connected at the end ; between the 8th and 9lh a row of impressed points, closest behind ; tibi» and tarsi .slight- ly ferruginous. Length, 6j lines. Hab., New Zealand (Port Nicholson) Anchomenus (Ctenognathus) Nov^ Zeelandi.e. Anchomenus (Ctenognathus) Novse Zeelandiee, L. Fairm. Ann. Soc. Ent., 1843, 12. Wingless, black, carapace cordate, grooved ; margin somewhat reflexed ; elytra ovate, striated ; antennae, pal- pi and tarsi of a pitchy red. Length, 5f lines. Hab., New Zealand, Bay of Islands. Anchomenus Colensonis. Head with very .slight grooves in front, very smooth be- hind ; antennae of a brownish yellow, the first joint j^alest; thorax in the middle, with three grooves, the outer curved ; head and thorax of a deep brown, the latter ferruginous ; angle of thorax behind quite smooth ; elytra very much depressed, with very distinct longitudinal striae, third and fourth and fifth and sixth united at the end ; between the eighth and ninth is a row of impressed points ; they are of a reddish brown ; the legs are of a pale yellow. Length, 5j lines. Hab., New Zealand, — Colenso Esq. Anchomenus deplanatus. Head and thorax shining black ; elytra dull black ; head with some rather large impressed points on the sides in front, and a transverse impressed line behind the eyes ; thorax in the middle, behind and in front with many close striae, placed longitudinally ; a deejjish groove in the middle and two very distinct, longish fossae behind, one on each .side; elytra above depressed; the grooves not very deep; the second, seventh and eighth bent at the end ; a row of dots near the margin ; legs black ; tarsi reddish. Length, 5 lines. Hab., New Zealand, Ca])t. Parry. Anchomenus atratus. Anchomenus atratus, Hombr. and Jacq. Voy. au Pole Sud. t. \.f. 15. Hab., New Zealand, Hombron and Jacquinot. Feronia (Platvsma) planiuscula. pi. 1 / 7. Very deep black ; the palpi deep ferruginous ; fourth to eleventh joints of antennae covered with short brown hairs ; front part of head above with an H-shaped impress- ed mark ; thorax with a transverse, impressed line in front ; another down the middle, deepest behind ; two very deep, impressed spots near the posterior angles, from each of which proceeds a ferruginous hair ; elytra with seven lon- gitudinal, straight punctured striae ; the lateral deepest ; the space between each very flat and smooth, except be- hind, where each is narrowed and raised ; the striae there being widened and more coarsely punctured ; the sides of elytra rather deeply sunk and with a row of catenulate points ; hairs on tibiae and tarsi ferruginous. Length, 12^ to 13 lines. Hab., New Zealand (Wellington) Capt. Parry, Mus. Brit. (? var. Mr. Earl. Feronia (Platysma) vigil. Very deep black ; hairs on antennae, tibiae and tarsi ferruginous ; head and thorax very delicately and irregu- larly striated ; head with an H-shaped impressed mark in front; thorax with an impressed, transverse, somewhat bent line in front ; a straight one down the middle, deep- est behind, but not reaching the posterior margin ; two deep impressions near the posterior angle of thorax ; elj'tra short, with seven longitudinal striae, the spaces between slightly raised ; the lateral margin depressed with a ca- tenulate row of points. Length, lOj lines. Hab., Port Nicholson, New Zealand. Capt. Parry. Feronia (Platysma ?) Australasia. Feronia (Platysma?) Au.stralasiee, Giierin Rev. Zool. Cm: 1841, 121. Abax Australasiae, Hombr. and Jacq. Voy. au Pole Sud. t. 2./. 1.3. Obscure bronze colour above, black beneath ; head smooth, with two feeble impressions in iiont between the antennae ; palpi elongated, with the last joint quite cylindrical and somewhat obliquely truncated at the end ; antennae with four first joints smooth and black, the others hairy and brownish towards the end ; thorax somewhat flattened, wider than the head, smooth, margined ; con- tracted and somewhat sinuated behind ; very .slightly notched on the hind margin, with a longitudinal groove in the middle and a large fossa on each side behind ; scutel- lum triangular, much wider than long, with longitudinal wrinkles at the base ; elytra rather wider than the thorax, at their base slightly widened ; rounded on the sides to- wards the middle ; very feebly sinuated towards the end ; each has nine punctured stria;, the spaces between consi- derably raised ; two or three large impressed points be- tween the second and third, fourth and fifth and sixth and seventh striae ; eighth and ninth are not distinct, and fur- nished with large, deep points, which end at the outer border ; beneath smooth ; legs black, strong, spiny. Length, 10 lines. New Zealand. Mus. Brit. Pany. FeRONIA (PlATYSMA ?) SDB^NEA. Feronia (Platysma?) suhadxiea., Guerin, Rev.Zool. Cuv. 1841. 122. Slightly bronzed black above, deep black beneath ; body elongated, nearly parallel ; head smooth, with two short, slight impressions in front ; thorax nearly as long as wide, somewhat cordate, smooth, margined, with a longitu- dinal median groove, slightly widened behind, and not reaching the hind margin, or rather wide fossa near the hind angles ; scutellum triangulai-, somewhat wider than long, with four or five longitudinal grooves at the base ; elytra wider than the thorax behind ; nearly twice as long as wide ; rather strongly sinuated behind, the side slightly rounded ; each has eight striae of large elongated points, connected, and fonning short grooves in different parts ; the spaces between slightly raised ; the spaces between the second and third, fourth and fifth, sixth and seventh striae are wider and more raised ; the points forming the eighth stria are much larger and more distant ; legs are black and strong. Hab., New Zealand. Feronia (Platysma) capito. Head nearly as wide as the thorax, with two rather long, deep impressed lines on front between antennae, with the joints from the fourth to the eleventh hairy ; thorax with a very distinct, transverse, impressed line in fi-ont, and at the end of the middle longitudinal thoracic line ; head and thorax with a greenish hue, strongest on the margins and posterior angles of thorax ; elytra with a very few scatter- ed, longish hairs ; elytra with a greenish hue, marked simi- larly to F. Australasiae ; the sides of elytra somewhat angiilated instead of being flat as in that species. Length, ^ to 9^ lines. Hab., New Zealand, — Colenso Esq. A species allied to F. Australasiae, but distinguished readily by the size of its head, narrower thorax, colour and hairs on elytra ; the insect also is somewhat smaller ; both of these come near the genus Omalosoma of Hope. Feronia (Platysma) politissima. Very deep black ; head with an H-shaped impres- sion in front : thorax with two deep, somewhat curved fossffi behind, one on each side ; elytra with very deep, longitudinal punctured striae, the fifth and sixth united at the end ; side with a row of catenulate punctures. Length, 6 lines. Hab., New Zealand (Port Nicholson), Mr. Earl. Feronia (Pterostichds) vagepuncta. Deep black ; head with two deep, impressed lines in front ; thorax with a longitudinal line down middle, ending both before and behind in a deepish fossa ; behind on each side a deep fossa connected with the hind margin; elytra with longitudinal strise marked with somewhat intennpted, longish impressions. Length, 7 to 8 lines. Hab., New Zealand (Port Nicholson), Mr. Earl. Feronia (Cophosus) elongella. Head with an H-shaped impression in fi-ont ; thorax slightly convex, with a very deep, pyriform impression on each side ; a deep groove, distinctly striated across, and ending in a deepish fossa both in fi-ont and behind ; elytra rather convex ; considerably sinuated on the outside at the end ; longitudinally striated, the striae with interrupted punctures, especially behind. Length, G^ lines. Hab., New Zealand, Capt. Parry. Omaseus sylvaticus. Omaseus sylvaticus, Hombr. and Jacq. Voy. mi Pole Slid. t. 2./. 5. Hab., New Zealand (Akarao). Argutor pantomelas. Argutor pantomelas, Homb. and Jacq. Voy. au Pole Sud. t. '2.f. 6. Hab., New Zealand (Akaroa). Argutor erythropus. Argutor erythropus, Hombr. and Jacq. Voy. au Pole Sud. t. 2./. 7. Hab., New Zealand (Akaroa). Argutor piceus. Argutor piceus, Hombr. and Jacq. Voy. 1. 2./. 8. Hab., New Zealand (Akaroa). Pole Sud. Broscds Carenoides. pi. 1./. 6. Very deep black ; head in front, near the base of man- dibles with two or three deep punctures on each side ; thorax very narrow behind and transversely gi-ooved ; a slight, straight stria down the middle, across irregularly striated ; on the lateral margin are some points, from which proceed longish, reddish hairs ; elytra smooth, with very faint indications of grooves, which behind are more distinct ; the spaces between somewhat granulated ; two or three punctures on the shoulders of the elytra, with reddish hairs in them ; one or two very distant points on the elytra from the shoulder to the tip of elytra ; femora and palpi rufescent. Length, 13:^ lines. Hab., New Zealand, Capt. Parry. The greater part of the legs and antennae are broken off in the specimen described. In the Museum collection there is a closely alhed species from Australia. BROSCUS (PROMECODERUS ?) ^REUS. PI. \.f. 8. Head above in front of the eyes with several bent strias ; thorax verj- convex above, gradually narrower behind, a k^- distant, longish hairs on the margin, a deepish groove down the middle, not reaching to the fore or hind mar- gins, in front, on each side before its termination is a slight, transverse line, a very slight point near each of the hind angles ; scutellura not visible ; elytra together of a longish oval, slightly striated, the striae with rather dis- tant punctures, near the edge is a row of rather larger punctures ; tibiae and tarsi with a few deep ferruginous hairs. Length, 9 lines. Hab. New Zealand (Port Nicholson). Promecoderus Lottini. Promecoderiis Lottini, Brulle, Hist. Nat. Insectes, IV. 4-50, t. 18,/. 4. Hab. New Zealand. Mecodema sculpturatum. Mecodema sculpturatum, Homhr. and Jacq. Voy. au Pole Slid, t. 2,/. 14. Hab. New Zealand (Otago). Heterodactylus, Guerin. Labrum transverse, entire ; mandibles not very promi- nent, bent, without teeth on the inside, much widened at the base and ha\Hng on the outer side a wide fossa which receives the first joint of antennae; palpi elongated, fili- form, last joint cylindrical and scarcely swollen in the middle, obliquely truncated at the end ; meotum with the notch wide, in the middle with a rounded projection ; tongue wide, very prominent between the labial palpi ; antennae filiform ; anterior tibiae strongly notched beneath only, with the four first joints of the tarsi strongly dilated in the males, rounded on the sides, much contracted be- hind and very distinctly cordate, the fourth having the inner lobe much more elongated than the outer ; interme- diate tarsi with triangular joints not so much dilated as the anterior, but wider than those of hind legs ; these four tarsi have their fourth joint much prolonged on the outer side ; thorax cordate ; body apterous. Heterodactylus nebrioides. Heterodactylus nebrioides, Guerin, Rev. Zool. Cuv. 1841,214. Shining black ; head smooth, with two wide fossae in front ; mandibles with one tooth, margins widened, reddish and slightly transparent ; antennae longer than the head and thorax, the four first joints smooth and shin- ing, the second shortest and the others downy ; thorax cordate, truncated in front and behind, smooth, finely mar- gined with a longitudinal groove in the middle, a feeble transverse impression in front and two rather deep fossae behind, near the hind angles ; scutellum rounded, slightly rugose ; elytra oval, of the width of thorax at base, without humeral projections, feebly margined, widest in the middle, smooth, and with nine stria3, distinct on the disk but nearly obliterated on the sides ; these striae do not all reach the end, the second, especially, stops a little beyond the middle, and on the outer margin are some impressions most marked behind; beneath and legs smooth. Length, 7^ to 8 lines. Hab. Auckland Islands. Hel.eotrechus, White Head much wider than thorax ; eyes very large and prominent ; thorax in front rounded, the anterior angles rounded, behind narrowed ; elytra rather wider behind than in front, behind obliquely truncated ; antennae short, somewhat hairy. One of the Subulipalpi with trun- cated elytra in general appearance with a conside- rable resemblance to Scopodes boops, one of the Pericali- dae, described by Erichson, Arch. 1842, p. 123, t. 4,/. 1. Hel^otrechus elaphroides, pi. \,f. b. Head longitudinally striated between the eyes ; thorax with a short groove down the middle, not extending to hind edge ; elytra with large, coarse, irregular punctures : the insect is of a deep black ; legs yellow; middle of femo- ra and the tips with a brownish band. Length, 2|- lines. Hab. New Zealand (marshes). Dr. Hooker. OoPTERDS, Guerin. Palpi ending in a conical joint, which is sharp at the end ; the penultimate joint of maxillary palpi as long as the last; four first joints of anterior tarsi dilated in the males, the two first joints wider, somewhat elongated on the inner side ; antennae short, submoniliform, with the last seven joints scarcely longer than wide ; body thick, OOPTERUS CLIVINOIDES. Oopterus clivinoides, Guerin, Rev. Zool. Cuv. 1841, 123. Homhr. and Jacq. Voy. au Pole Sud, t. %f. 16. Of a deep shining brown colour; head oblong, narrower than the thorax, smooth, with two wide longitudinal grooves between the insertion of antennae about twice the length of the eyes ; antennae and palpi yellowish brown ; thorax convex, cordate, finely margined, smooth, with slight, transverse, short striae towards the sides and hind margin ; groove in middle of thorax indistinct ; on each side, near the hind angles, a short and rather wide fossa, and in the middle of hind margin some short, longitudinal striae ; scu- tellum very small, triangular ; elytra at least twice the width of thorax, about the middle much arched, forming a short oval, smooth and shining, with longitudinal, very feebly punctured striae, the spaces between flattened, the side stria almost effaced ; margins of elytra and suture of a somewhat fulvous brown, especially behind, black be ■ neath ; legs of a brownish, fulvous yellow. Hab. Auckland Islands. OOPTERUS PLICATICOLLIS. Oopterus plicaticollis, Homhr. andJacq., Voij.au Pole Slid, t. 2,/. 15. Hab. Auckland Islands. Oopterus rotundicollis. Thorax rounded, without any groove, near the posterior margin depressed and closelj' punctured ; elytra with su- perficial striae formed by rows of closely placed points ; whole insect of a pitchy brown ; the palpi and legs of a lighter colour. Length, 2j lines. Hab. New Zealand (Bay of Islands), Dr. Sinclair, Chas. Darwin, Esq. MoLOPSiDA, White. Head large; last joint of palpi sharp-pointed ; antennae with the joints somewhat moniliform and bristly ; thorax without margin, much wider behind than in front, sides considerably rounded, behind quite straight, the posterior angles nearly rectangular ; elytra ovate, truncated in front, considerably convex. MOLOPSIDA POLITA. Deep, shining black; elytra with longitudinal rows of shallow striae rather closelj' punctured, the margin with two deep grooves connected in many places by short, transverse grooves ; antennae and palpi ferruginous ; legs deep rufous. Hab. New Zealand (Waikouaiti), Mr. Earl. Family SxAPHYLiNiDiE. Staphylinds oculatds. Staphylinus oculatus, Fab.Ent. Syst. II. 521, 10. Boisd. Voy. Astral. II. 54, t. 9,/. 1 Erichso?i, Staj)h. 352. Entirely of a deep, smooth, shining black ; head on each side with a large fulvous spot, forming a band on the under side of head. Hab. New Zealand. Staphylinus (Gyrohypnus ?) quadri-impressus. Black; elytra somewhat brown; head very lai'ge, squai*e, with two deep points between the eyes ; antennae with first joint very long, clubbed at the end, third joint very narrow at the base ; thorax somewhat narrowed behind, rounded in front, with two deepish points; elytra and abdomen above finely punctured ; wings shaded with brown. Length, 6 lines. Hab. New Zealand. Staphylinus (Cafius) puncticeps. Head on the sides behind the eyes and on the back part coarsely punctured, two large dots between the eyes ; head and thorax with some scattered, longish hairs ; tho- rax with two longitudinal lines of impressed dots ; elytra minutely punctured and covered with short hairs ; head and thorax black ; elytra, abdomen and legs brownish. Length, 4 lines. Hab. New Zealand, — Colenso, Esq. Family Dyticid.*:. Cybister hookeri. Front of head with two impressed dots; thorax be- hind with a band of short, closely placed striae, and a few dots along the front and close to the margin ; outer mar- gin of elytra with many impressed dots and three distant rows of dots on the back of the elytra, the dots far from each other, especially on the two outside rows ; clypeus and front of head yellow ; lateral margin of thorax and ely- tra yellow, the yellow reaching the outer edge, other parts of a very deep olive-brown ; some ferruginous- brown on two fore legs ; antenna; fenuginous and brown mixed. Length, 12 lines, greatest width, Q^ lines. Hab. Hutt River, Port Nicholson. Colymbetes notatus. Dytiscus notatus, Fahr. Ent. Syst. I. 195, 38. Brown ; thorax yellowish, with four black points and sometimes an abbreviated black band ; sutural stria of elytra yellow, margin of elytra yellowish. A specimen of Colymbetes from New Zealand in the collection of Mr. Saunders exactly agrees with a British example of the above-named species in the Museum col- lection. Colymbetes rufimanus. Head narrow, between the eyes black, with a transverse reddish line ; clypeus reddish ; thorax reddish, with a lo- zenge-shaped black spot in the middle ; elytra yellowish, thickly spotted with brown, margin without spots, suture brownish, with a narrow yellow line on each side ; under- side deep blackish brown ; two first pairs of legs light rufous. Length, b^ lines, breadth, 3 lines. Hab. New Zealand. This species comes near C. pacificus, Boisd. Voy. Astrol. 50. Aube. Spec. Gen. Hydroc. VI. 268. Family Buprestid.*:. Buprestis (Trachyides) eremita. Head, thorax and elytra very closely punctured and slightly downy ; green, sometimes with a coppery hue ; thorax in front with the sides slightly compressed. Length, 2j lines. Hab. New Zealand (Port Nicholson). This small Buprestis, the only representative of the fa- mily that I have seen from New Zealand, resembles much in form the Australian genus Diphucrania. The head, however, is not notched in front. Family Elateriu.e. Elater acutipennis. pi. \,f. 9. Elater acutipennis, Parry, MSS. Head with a triangular impression between the eyes, and slightly punctured ; thorax with the sides above hol- lowed out, with greyish hairs, the posterior angles large and sharp, the hind edge lobed in the middle, just before the scutellum ; elytra gradually tapering to the end, with four longitudinal, wide vittae, sparingly covered with gray- ish hairs ; whole insect of a rich, deep brown ; the ex- treme tip of elytra ferruginous ; underside of body and legs sparingly covered with greyish hairs. Length, 9 to W^ lines. Hab. New Zealand (Port Nicholson). Elater (Limonius) Zealandicus. Head, thorax and elytra brownish black, finely punc- tured ; the elytra with nine rows of punctured striae on each, the marginal row deepest. Length, 8j to \Q^ lines. Hab. New Zealand (Port Nicholson). Elater approximans. Head having the clypeus with two deep impressions ; thorax finely punctured ; each of the sides with a wid- ish row of grey hairs placed in a slight depression ; elytra sulcato-striated, gradually tapering to the end ; thorax dull brown ; elytra ferruginous brown. Length, 7f lines. Hab. New Zealand. Elater lineicollis. Elater lineicollis, Parry, MSS. Reddish ochrey, with a brown line down the middle of thorax ; head somewhat depressed between the eyes, brown, yellowish in front, with ochrey hairs ; antennae brown ; thorax dotted, with an impressed line down the middle and a few short ochrey hairs ; elytra rather deeply punctato-striate ; side of antennal thoracic groove and the margin of metathorax black. Length, 5 lines. Hab. New Zealand (Port Nicholson). Elater cinctiger. PI. \,f. IL Deep reddish brown ; the side margins of thorax and elytra with a widish yellow band ; head punctured, with two shallow impressions in front ; thorax elongated, rich brown, shining, closely punctured, a widish yellow band on each side free from dots ; elytra elongated, attenuated gradually to the end, fen-uginous brown, punctato-striated, a widish yellow line near the margin of each ; under- side rufous brown. Length, 6 to 7 lines. Hab. New Zealand (Port Nicholson). Elater lateristrigatus. Deep black ; the side of elytra with a long red vitta. highly polished and minutely punctulate ; elytra with ob- scure punctured striae and a few short hairs, the apex of elytra bluntish. Length, 3| lines. Hab. New Zealand (Port Nicholson), Capt. Parry. Elater (Drasterius) nigellus. Thorax and elytra closely punctured ; thorax with a depression on each side in middle behind; elytra distinctly longitudinally striated. liength, 2J to 2| lines. Hab. New Zealand (Port Nicholson), Capt. Parry. Elater olivascens. Head, thorax, elytra and abdomen of an olive green, with scattered gray hairs ; antenna; and legs yellowish ; elytra with longitudinal striae. Length, 4 lines. Hab. New Zealand. Elater strangclatus. Thorax long, about the middle on the side strangulated ; the whole insect of a dull brown, thickly clothed with short yellowish-brown hairs. Length, 8 lines. Hab. New Zealand, Capt. Parry. Elater megops. Eyes very large ; thorax naiTower than the elytra, with the sides nearly parallel, finely j^unctured, and sparingly covered with short hairs ; elytra very long, punctato-stri- ated, dullish brown ; suture of elytra with purplish gloss. Length, 7 lines. Hab. New Zealand (Bay of Islands). Elater (Ctenicerus) punctithorax. Head impressed in the middle and sprinkled with hairs ; antennae with second and third joints very small, joints fourth to tenth on the inside at the end with a longish lobe, the terminal one longest, with a slight tooth near the end ; thorax very smooth, with scattered points, two deep, lon- gitudinal impressions before the middle, and two lunated impressions behind, and a short impressed line on the pos- terior margin ; elytra depressed at the end and somewhat blimt, with nine striae on each, in some places deeper than others, near the suture, at the tip, and near the side mar- gin. Length, 8 lines. Hab. New Zealand (Port Nicholson), Capt. Parry. Elater (Ctenicerus) l/evithorax. PI. 1,/. 10. Very similar to the last ; the thorax has not the deep punctures. Length, Bf lines. Hab. New Zealand. 8 Family Cebrionid.e. Atopida, White. Head with the jaws produced, on the outside gradually rounded ; antennae very long, filiform, first joint somewhat thickened and flattened, the second joint small and rounded ; the other joints nearly of one size, very slightly thickened at the end ; eyes rather large and prominent ; head nearly as wide as thorax ; thorax in front somewhat wider than behind, but not so wide as the elytra, wider than long, anterior angles sharpish, posterior rounded ; scutellum short, pointed at the end ; elytra much elon- gated, sides parallel, shoulders and tips of elytra rounded ; legs moderate ; edge of tibis sharp. This genus approaches closely to Atopa. Atopida castanea. Deep chestnut brown ; finely punctured with short hairs proceeding from the punctures ; antennae and legs testa- ceous. Length, 4 lines. Hab. New Zealand (on Kaudi). Family Clerid^. OpILUS VIOLACEUS. Opilus violaceus, Khig, Abh. Berl. 1840, 391. Notoxus violaceus, Fair. Enf. Syst. I. 210, 2. Pubescent, blackish, violaceous, shining ; elytra smooth, with three yellow spots, one at the base, two approximat- ing near the middle ; legs feiTuginous ; femora black, fer- ruginous at the base. Hab. New Zealand. Opilus pantomelas. Notoxus pantomelas Boisd. Voy. Astr. t. G,f. 14. Deep black, with a greenish hue on some parts ; in some specimens there is a small yellowish spot about the middle of each elytron. Hab. New Zealand (Port Nicholson), Mr. Earl. Family Ptinid,*:. Anobium tricostellum. Antennae very long, with the last eight joints filiform ; brownish, testaceous, covered above with a waved, short golden silky pubescence ; each of the elytra with three slightly raised, longitudinal costao ; thorax narrowest on the sides, somewhat rounded behind and slightly hol- lowed down the middle. Length, 4 lines. Hab. New Zealand, Mus. Saunders. Ptinus suturalis. Pitchy brown ; closely punctured with shorti.sh hairs ; the suture with a pinkish hue ; legs pale yellow. Length, 2| lines. Hab. New Zealand (on flowers of Leptospermum). lar longish patches Ptinds murinus. Ptinus murinus, Pariy, MSS. Very deep brown, with many irregi of yellowish hairs. Length, 2j lines. Hab. New Zealand (Port Nicholson), Capt. Parry. Ptinus pilosus. Elytra nearly parallel ; light ash colour, with short, yel- lowish hairs ; thorax behind as wide as elytra. Length, Ij line. Hab. New Zealand (Port Nicholson). Family Nitidulid.^. NiTIDULA ANTARCTICA. Very dark brown, with the elytra on each side of the scutellum with a somewhat lighter spot; legs with the femora yellowish. Length, 1^ line. Hab. New Zealand (Port Nicholson), Capt. Parry. NiTIDULA LATERALIS. Of a pitchy brown, closely punctured ; sides of thorax widely, and sides of elytra narrowly, margined with yellow- ish ; base of elytra near the scutellum yellowish. Hab. New Zealand (Kaudi Wood). NiTIDULA ABBREVIATA. Nitidula abbreviata, Fabr. Syst. El. I. 348, 5. Hab. New Zealand. Family Histerid^e. Saprinus pseudo-cyaneus. Head black ; thorax purplish ; elyti-a and abdomen deep green ; thorax near the margin closely punctured, the points thickest in front, behind free from points, pos- terior edge with a few punctures ; elytra near the shoulder with two or three oblique, impressed striae and several dis- tinct punctures at the base, behind with a lunar mark of minute punctures suture, except at the base, with an impressed line on each side. Length, 2j lines. Hab. New Zealand. Hister cinnamomeus. Smooth, deep, rich, purplish brown ; head in front con- siderably hollowed out ; elytra near the sides with three slightly curved, deeply impressed lines, and three shallow impressed lines at the end of each elytron between these and the suture. Length, If line. Hab. New Zealand, Capt. Parry. Family Lucanid.«. Dendroblax, White. Head narrow, narrowest behinil, in front widened and truncated ; mandibles, viewed from above, somewhat ovate and bent at the end, hollowed, on the outside somewhat angled at the end ; eyes very large, well seen from above ; antenniE longish, ten-jointed, basal joint nearly as long as the other joints taken together, the joints from the se- cond to the sixth short and roundish, somewhat angular about the middle, the three last joints forming a roundish head, the last rather the largest ; thorax not so wide as elytra, with the sides in front rounded, in the middle con- siderably notched for the reception of the head, side angled in the middle, behind rather straight, middle slightly convex ; elytra very wide, edge slightly margined ; legs with the anterior tibiae wide and strongly toothed on the outside, tibiae of middle pair toothed on the outside, of hind pair much thickened at the end and hollowed out where the tarsi are inserted, two long lobes on the inside ; tarsi slender. This genus comes near Lamprima and Ryssonotus. Dendroblax Earlii. Dendrobius Earlianus. PI. 2,/. 9, 10. Deep blackish brown ; head, thorax and elytra deeply punctured ; head above, thorax above, in front and behind with ferruginous, silky hairs ; scutellum with ferruginous hairs ; elytra with four longitudinal flattish ridges, the outer obsolete ; under side of thorax and legs with many ferrugi- nous, silky hairs. Length, 9;^ to \2\ lines. Hab. New Zealand, on the Hutt River, Port Nicholson, Mr. Earl. MiTOPHYLLDS IRRORATUS, PI. 2,/ 3, 4. Mitophyllus irroratus, Parry, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. IV. 56, /."l,/. 4. Pitchy red, with dull black spots scattered over the whole body ; mandibles porrect, recurved, in front sharp and behind denticulate ; antennae with the three last leaflets very much elongated and pilose ; thorax quadrate, not mar- gined ; elytra nearly thrice the length of the thorax, of a pitchy brown, reddish, punctate, with dull black spots sprinkled over the disk ; femora thickened ; tibiae one- spined, serrated on the outside ; prosternum and meso- sternum simple, not produced. t. Lis. IV., p. 302, n. 26 (1856). New Zealand. Type. B.M. Family MyrmiciD/E. Al'HENOGASTER ANTARCTICA. Formica antarctica, WJiite Ms., tab. *l,f. 13. Atta antarctica, Smith, Cat. Rymenapt. Lis. VI., ^. 167, n. 21 (1858). Aphenogaster antarctica F. Smith, in Coll. Brit. Mus. New Zealand. Type. B.M. Family ICHNEUMONlDvE. Mesoleptus MiJLLERi, n. sp. See postca (woodcut), fiff. 2. Allied to M. atomator ; head black ; mouth orange ; antennae long, black : thorax black ; abdomen glossy orange tawny, basal two-thirds of first segment black; legs orange tawny ; wings hyaline, with green and rosy reflections ; costal stigma black. Christchurch ( Wakefield). Parasitic upon Cacoecia gallicokns. Order Diptera. Family TiPULiDiE. TiPULA senex, n. sp. Tab. 1,fi(j. 15. Head pale cinereous, with basal fourth and a central oval depression testaceous ; prothorax testaceous, with central longitudinal ridge, two lateral longitudinal cin- ereous bands ; mesothorax and metathorax cinereous, with central and lateral longitudinal dusky bands ; abdomen fulvotis ; indications of dusky bands of metathorax con- tinued into basal segments ; wings hyaline white ; costa to mediastinal vein stramineous ; veins testaceous ; costa, a spot at first third of discoidal ceU, two obliquely just beyond second third, a fourth near apex, and a nebulous striole at apex of cell, brown ; halteres pale testaceous, legs testaceous ; pectus pinkish cinereous, with several dusky spots. Expanse, 2 inches. New Zealand {Sinclair). Type. B.M. Family Berid.e. (Xylophagi, Wlk.) DrPHTSA APICALIS, n. sp. Beris apicalis, White Ms., tab. 7,/ 17. Body shining ochreous with black lateral line, trimacu- late on the thorax ; eyes brown, front white, antennae brownish at base, otherwise black; palpi and proboscis ochreous; terminal segments of abdomen more or less dusky, distinctly shot with purple (as also are the other segments, but less evidently) ; legs ochraceous or tawny, tarsi of front pair blackish, of middle and hind pairs pale testaceous ; pectus castaneous ; abdomen below paler than aljove ; wings sordid hyaline white ; a diffused brown spot filling areolet between subcostal and radial veins, and a smaller spot on first cubital vein. Expanse, 8 lines. New Zealand. Type. B.M. Family StratiomiidyE. OdONTOMYIA D0RSALI3. Tab. 1,fig. 16. Odontomyia dorsalis. Walker, List. Dipt. Ins. III., p. 536 (1849). New Zealand (Sinclair). Type. B.M. Family Syrphid^e. Helophilus trilineatus. Eristalis trilineatus, Wied. Auss., Zweif. II, p. 168. Tah. 7,/. 19. Syrphus trilineatus. Fab., Syst. Ent.,p. 766, n. 16. Port Nicholson (Earl) ; New Zealand (Sinclair, Pekrin, Bank). Type. B.M. Family Muscid^e. MUSCA L^MICA. Musca (Sarcophaga) Ltemica White Ms., tab. 7,/. 18. Musca Laemica, Walker, List. Dipt. Ins. IV., p. 906 (1849). New Zealand (Sinclai)). Type. B.M. 28 Order Lepidoptera. The Lepidoptera of New Zealand : by Arthur Gardiner Butler, F.L.S., F.Z.S., &c. About a year ago Dr. W. L. Buller urged upon me the desirability of making a list of New Zealand Lepidoptera ; but I was at that time unable to undertake it, being busily engaged with my " Lepidoptera Exotica " and with various papers on Myriopoda and Arachnoidea : recently however Dr. J. E. Gray \eij kindly intrusted me with the prepara- tion of the Lepidopterous portion of the " Erebus and Terror." I thought, therefore, I might as well make a complete list, and thus supply the want which Dr. Buller, Mr. Fereday, and others have so long deplored. Notwithstanding what Mr. Fereday says about the numbers of Moths in New Zealand, I cannot but agree with Mr. Bathgate that it is unusually poor in Lepidoptera, not " as compared to a tropical country," but as compared to Europe ; still it is evident that Captain Hutton has (as regards the Diurnal Lepidoptera at any rate) underrated its productive powers ; he says in his paper on " the Geographical relations of the New Zealand Fauna " — " Of the Lepidoptera I know hardly anything, and prefer waiting until Mr. Fereday has published his promised descriptions of the species, before examining their bearing on the present subject. But one fact stands out pro- minently, viz., that out of more than three hundred species, only eight belong to the butterfly section." Trans. N. Zeal. Inst, v., p. 247 (1873), and Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. Febr. (1874). Now if we turn to Mr. Fereday's paper (Trans. N. Zeal. Inst. IV., pp. 216, 217) we find the following passage — " Although I liave had but little time or oppor- tunity / have collected, of butterflies at least * eight, and of moths quite 300 different species," and he goes on to enumerate no less than eleven apparently distinct species with which he is familiar ; if Hamadryas zoilus be reaUy a New Zealand insect, the number of butterflies will then be twelve instead of eight ; and all these Capt. Hutton should have admitted into his statement. Mr. Fereday has, I believe, noticed quite recently the occurrence of Danais Berenice in New Zealand; the species will, of course, be D. Archippus, now common in Australia and the South Seas. Most of the New Zealand Lepidoptera, as one might have expected, seem to be grass-feeders ; some of them indeed of enormous size {Charagia, Leto, Porina) ; they are as a rule of dull colours, although Chrysophamis Boldcnarum the most beautiful, though one of the smallest species of the genus, is a notable exception to the general rule ; Pyrameis Goncrilla may almost vie with our European P. Atalanta ; the beautiful silvery-streaked Argyrophenga is also only surpassed by the Argyrophonts argenteus of Cliili ; and one or two of the smaller moths are very pretty indeed. In the following list I have followed Bates's arrangement for the Rhopalocera and Walker's for the Heterocera — ■ Section Rhopaloceka, Boisduval. Family 1. Nymphalid^, Westwood. Ge7i. Diurn. Lepid., p. 143 (1852) ; Bates, Journ. Eiitom., p. 176 (1864). Sub-Family 1. Danain^, Bates. Journ., Entom. p. 220 (1861), p. 176 (1864). Genus Hamadryas, Boisduval. Voy. de V Astrolabe, Ent. p. 91 (1832). 1. Hamadryas Zoilus. Papilio D. F. Zoilus, Fah., Syst. Ent, p. 480, n. 163 (1775); Sjy. Lis., p. 53, n. 229 (1781); Mant. Ins.,p). 25, n. 265 (1787) ; -£"71!!. Syst. III., p. 42, n. 128 (1793) ; Gen. Diurn. Lepid., pi. XVIII*.,/. 1 (1847). Barnard Isle, Australia (Macgillivray). B.M. Said to occur in New Zealand ; see Dieffenhach's N. Zeal. II. A2}p., p. 284), an Australian example in the collection of the British Museum bears a label with the following note, " In thick and gloomy brushes." The Nymphalis Nais of Guerin is slightly different from the typical form. Sub-Family 2. Satyrin^, Bates. Journ. Entom. II., p. 176 (1864). Genus 2. Argyrophenga, Doubleday. Anyi. & Mag. Nat. Hist. XVI., p. 307 (1845). 2. Argyrophenga ANTiPODUM. TaZ). 8, /s. 4— 7. Argyrophenga antipodum, Doubleday, Aim. <& Marj. Nat. Hist. XVI., 'p- 307 (1845) ; Gen. Diurn. Lepid, pi. 63,/. 6 (1851). New Zealand (P. Earl). Type. B.M. The introduction of ocelli on the undersurface of the secondaries in fig. 6 is probably an error, we apparently have the specimens from which all the figures were taken in the collection ; and an example, answering in all other respects to figs. 4 and 6, shows no trace of these ocelli. 'This species is, according to Mr. Fereday (Trans. New Zeal. Inst. IV., p. 217) rather common in some river beds, particularly the Waimakariri. Before passing on to the next sub-family I may mention an ? Erebia named by Mr. Fereday as E. j^luto but merely described as " black." I should nmch like to see the species and decide its natural position. Sub-family 3. Nymphalin^, Bates. Journ. Entom. II., p. 176 (1864). Genus 3. Pyrameis, Htibner. Vcrz. bek. Schnutt, p. 33 (1816). 2. Pyrameis Gonerilla. Tab. 8, Jigs. 10, 11. Papilio N. G. Gonerilla, Fab., Syst. Ent., p. 498, n. 237 (1775) ; Sp. Ins., p. 82, n. 361 (1781) ; Brit. %?/!. ///., p. 103, n. 317 (1793) ; Donovan, Ins. New Holland, pi. 25, / 2 (1805). Vanessa Gonerilla, MHiitc, in Taylors New Zealand and its inhabitants, pi. 2,f. 1 (1855). Papilio Geiierilla (sic), Fah., Mant. Ins., p. 44, n. 437 (1787). Eangitauharuru, New Zealand (Colenso). B.M. The type of this beautiful species is in the Banksian cabinet in the British Museum ; it is common, and the earliest butterfly at Otago (A. Bathgate). 4. Pyrameis Itea. Bapilio N. G. Itea, Fab., Si/.^t. Ent, p. 498, n. 238 (1775) ; Sp. Ins., p. 82, n. 362 (1781) ; Mant. Ins., p. 45, n. 438 (1787) ; Ent. Si/st., p. 103, n. 318 (1793) ; Donovan, Ins. New Holland, pi. 26,/ 1 (1805) ; Vanessa Itea, White, in Taylor's New Zealand and its inhabitants, 2)1. 2,/J>. 2, 2 (1855). New Zealand (Sinclai)-). B.M. The type is in the Banksian collection. 5. Pykameis Cardui, (var. P. Kershavni). P>Tameis Cardui, Linn., Faun. Suec, p. 276, n. 1054 (1761). Cynthia Cardui, White, in Taylor's New Zealand and 2ts inhabitants, pi. 2,f. 5 (1855). Cynthia Kershawii, M'Coy, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. IV., vol. 1, p. 76 (1868). New Zealand, Auckland {Bolton). B.M. P. Kershawii only differs from tlie typical P. Cardui in its dark coloration on both surfaces and in the size of the blue pupils in the ocelli of secondaries, but these are vari- able characters and not sufficient to distinguish the two forms ; indeed our examples are separated by locality only, there being examples of P. Kershawii in the collection precisely like typical P. Cardui and vice versa ; it is, how- ever, interesting to keep this variety separate in a large collection, as one of the links in the perfect series of forms connecting P. Cardui and P. Atalanta : Mr. Fereday sup- poses P. itea to be intermediate between P. gonerilla and P. cardui ; if so, a great many links must have fallen out : none of these species have the least claim to be referred to the genus Vane»ia, the form of the secondaries alone ia sufficient to suggest their distinctness from that group. Family 2. Lyc^nid^, Stephens. III. Brit. Ent. Haust. I., p. 74 (1827). Sub-family 4. Lyc^mn.?:, Butler. Cat. Fabric. Diurn. Lepid.,p. 158 (1869). Genus 4. Chkysophanus, Htibner. Verz. bek. Schmett, p. 72 (1816). 6. Chrysophanus Salustius. Tab. 8,fs. 1 — 3. Hesperia Pu Salustius, Fab., Ent. Syst. III., p. 310, n. 175 (1793) ; Lycsena Edna, Doubleday, Dieff. N. Zeal. App., p. 283 (1843) ; Polyonmiatus Edna, Westimod & Hewitson, Gen. Diurn. Lepid., pi. 76,/. 6 (1852) ; White in Taylor's New Zealand and its inhabitants, pi. 2, /■. .3, 4 (1855). New Zealand (Sinclair). B.il. 7. CiiuYsoPHAXus Feueuayi. Chrysophanus Feredavi, Bates, Ent. Mo. Mag. IV.,;). 53 (1867). Kaiapoi Bush, Canterbury (Fereday) — Bate^. Differs from C. Salustius in having the secondaries below clouded with brown ; the difference in the colour of the palpi, mentioned by Mr. Bates, occurs also in some examples of C. Salustius ; I doubt the distinctness of this species, I have not however seen it. 8. CUUY.SOPHANUS BOLDENARU.M. Tab. 8,/s. 8, 9. Lycffina Boldenarum White, Proc. Ent. Soc. Ser. 3, I., p. 26 (1862). This species having been but imperfectly described, I subjoin characters — c? Wings above brown, shot with glistening purple ; a curved discal series of six orange spots bordered internally with black on each wing ; also a second iU-defined sub- marginal series, not reaching the apices ; outer margin broadly dark brown ; primaries with a black spot towards end of discoidal cell and a second at end of cell, between and beyond these three or four ill-defined orange spots ; secondaries with a black spot at end of cell, bordered internally with iU-defined orange ; beyond it are also three or four ill-defined orange spots ; body above blackish, crest grey ; palpi and undersurface snow white ; Wings below altogether paler ; primaries pale tawny ; the margins grey ; two spots within cell, one at the end and a curved discal series, black, indistinctly edged with white ; a submarginal ill-defined series of greyish ocelli ; secondaries pale golden brown, a broad band across tlie centre of the wings, two subbasal discoidal spots and a submarginal series silver grey, white-edged : expanse of wings, 10 lines. ? Wings above without the purple shot, excepting a submarginal macular line, between the discal and ante- marginal series of orange spots ; i-emaining orange spots larger, more elongated and distinct, otherwise as in the male ; body as in the male : Wings below rather darker than in the male, otherwise the same : expanse of wings, 1 inch, 1 line. New Zealand (Colenso). B.M. The figures represent the male, but the bands and spots on the undersurface of secondaries have been made alto- gether too dark. Mr. Fereday tliinks there may be two other species of this genus, Trans. New Zeal. Inst. IV., p. 217 (1872). I 30 Genus 5. Lycena, Fabricius. lingers Mag. VI., p. 285 (1808). 9. Lyc^na Oxleyi. Lvcaena O.xleyi, Fdder, Reise der Novara, Lep. II., p. 280, «. 354; js^. 35,/. 6 (1865). New Zealand {Colenso). B.M. Section Hetekocera, Boisduval. Tribe 1. Sphingii, Walker. Family 3. Sphingid^, Walker. lep.ffct.YIll.,p. 76 (1856). Genus 6. Sphinx, Linnaeus. Syst.Nat. 1,2, p. 796 (1766j. 10. Sphinx Convolvuli (var. S. distam). Tab. 9. fig. 11. Sphinx Convolvuli, Linnmus, Syst. Nat. 1, 2, p. 789, n. 6 (1766) ; White, in Taylor's New Zealand and its inhabitants, pi. l,f. 13 (1855). Sphinx Convolvuli, var. y. Walker, Lep. Hct. VIII., p. 213 (1856). New Zealand (Sinelair and Bolton). Type. B.M. This form, if it proves to be constant, wiU certainly rank HS.a distinct species from (S*. Convolvuli; it is altogether smaller, darker, less tinted with rosy on the body, and lias the markings on primaries more confused ; the figure in Taylor's New Zealand is, like his other figures very poor, and gives but a vague idea of the species. Tribe 2. Bombycites, Latreille. Family 5. Lithosiid.^, Stephens. m. Brit. Ent. Haust. II., p. 88 (1829). Genus 8. Nyctemera, Hiibner. Verz. bek Schmett,p. 178 (1816). 12. Nyctemera annulata. Leptosoma annulatum, Boisduval, Voy. de V Astrolabe, pi. 5,/. 9 (1853) ; Doubleday, Dieff. N. Zeal. II., App.,p. 284, n. 115 (1843). Nyctemera Doubledayi, Walker, Lep. Het. II., p. 392 n. 2 (1854) ; White in Taylor's New Zealand and its inhabitants, jyl. \,f. 12 (1855). New Zealand {Colenso, Sinclair, Parry & Ross). Type. B.M. The generic name Leptosoma being already preoccupied in Coleoptera (1819) ; Crustacea (1826) ; Pisces (1827) ; and the name Leptosomus having also been iised in Aves (1816) and Coleoptera (1826) ; I think we have sufficient ground for rejecting it in favour of Nyctemera (Hiibner) Walker ; whether all the species of Nyctemera are con- generic or not, is a question that can only be settled by a careful examination of all the structural characters, but I am inclined to suspect that they are not. " The larvae are black hairy caterpillars, which do not seem to be at all particular as to what they eat, for they seem to devour indiscriminately the grass and other small herbage." " There are probably two broods a year, for the moths from the early brood come out about the end of November and beginning of December." (A. Bathgate, Trans. Proc. N. Zeal. Inst. III., p. 140 (1871). The larvae of N. annulata are according to Mr. Fereday (Trans. N. Zeal. Inst. 4, p. 218) common on a species of ragwort. Family 4. ^geriidyE, Stephens. //;. Brit. Ent. Haust. f am. 8 (1829). Genus 7. ^geria, Fabricius. Illiger's Mag. \I.,p. 289 (1808). 11. ^geria Tipuliformis. Sphinx Tipuliformis, Linn., Faun. Succ.,jj. 289, n. 1096. Setia Tipuliformis, {sic). Fab., Ent. Syst. III., I, ^x 385, «. 21 (1793). Sesia Tipuliformis, Meigen, Syst. Beschr. II., ^j. 119, n. 25 ; )>'■ t52,/. 2. >(Egeria Tipuliformis, Stephens, III. Brit. Ent. Haust. 1., IK 142 (1829). Trochilium Tipuliforme, Newman, Ent. Mag. I., p. 78. Sphinx Salmachus, Linn., Syst. Nat. ed. 10, p. 493, n. 30. ( 'hristchurch {Fereday). Bred liy Mr. Fereday from currant-bushes at Christchurch, and su])posed by him to have been imported with them into New Zealand (Phit. Mo. Mag. VI., p. 146). Family 6. Drepanulid.^, Walker. Lep. Het. Y.,p. 1158, fain. 7 (1855). Genus 9. Morova, Walker. Lep. Hct. Supp>l. II., p. 523 (1865). 13. MOROVA SUBFASCIATA. Morova subfasciata. Walker, Lep. Hct. Suppl. II., p. 523 (1865). Auckland {Oxley). The type is probably in the collection of the British Museum. Family 7. Hepialid.?:, Stephens. ni. Brit. Ent. Haust. II., p. 3 (1829). Genus 10. Charagia, Walker. Lep. Het. Yll.,p. 1569, ^m. 8 (1856). 14. Charagia virescens. Hepialus virescens, Douhleday, Dieff. N. Zeal. 11. App., p. 284, n. 114 (1843) ; TFhitc, in New Zealand and its in- habitants, pi. 1,/. 6 (1855). Charagia virescens, Walker, Lep. Hct. VII., p. 1569, n. 1 (1856). New Zealand {Earl). B.M. The larva of this species is well known to be attacked by Sphceria Eohertsii of Hooker, which converts it entirely into a woody substance ; the type of this species was taken at Waiteiiiata by Dr. Dieffenbach. 15. Charagia rubroviridans. Charagia rubroviridans. White, in Taylor's New Zealand and its inhabitants, pi. 1, /. 1 (1855) ; Walker, Lep. Het. Yil.,p. 1570, 7i. 2 (1856). New Zealand (Sinclair). Type. B.M. A larger and more deeply coloured species than C. virescens ; we have both sexes in the collection, they are quite alike in colouring ; in the Trans. Ent. Soc. New South Wales, vol. II., pp. 28, 29 Mr. A. W. Scott makes this species the female of C. virescens, and credits Walker with the species ; he appears, therefore, to be wrong in both of his conclusions. Euahine ranges (Buller). One dead specimen of this handsome moth was found by Mr. Buller on a tree-stump. 20. PoRiNA signata. Tab. 9, Jig. 8. Elhamma signata. Walker, Lep. Hct. VII., p. 1563, n. 3 (1856). Porina Novje Zealandise, Walker, Lep. Hct. VII., p. 1573, n. 1 (1856). Pielus variolaris, auinie, Ent. Mo. Mag. Y., p. 1 (1868). Hepialus — , White, in Taylor's New Zealand and its inhabitants, pi. 1,/s. 4, 5 (1855). New Zealand {Sinclair, Colenso, Bolton, Churton, Parry, Boss). Type. B.M. 21. Porina cervinata. Elhamma cervinata. Walker, Lep. Ret. Suppl. II., p. 595 (1865). Auckland (Oxley). Type. B.M. Allied to P. signata. Genus 11. Leto, Hiibner. Verz. bet Schmett,p. 197 (1816). 16. Leto Ingens. Charagia ingens. Walker, Lep. Het. Suppl. II., p. 596 (1865). New Zealand {from Mr. Children). Type. B.M. This species is certainly referable to the Genus Leto, it differs entirely from Charagia in the neuration of second- aries : it is probably the largest of all the New Zealand moths. This species is rightly omitted by Mr. Scott in his paper on the genus Charagia. Genus 12. Hepialus, Fabricius. Gen.Lns.,p. 162 (1776). 17. Hepialus despectus. Hepialus despectus, Walker, Lep. Het. Suppl. II., p. 594 (1865). Auckland {Oxley). Type. B.M. 18. Hepialus characterifer. Hepialus characterifer. Walker, Lep. Het. Sup>pl. II., p. 594 (1865). Auckland {Oxley). Type. B.M. Genus 13. Porina, Walker. Lep. Het. \ll.,p. 1572, gen. 11 (1856). 19. Porina Mairi. Porina Mairi, Buller, Trans. N Zeal. Lnst. V., p. 279, p)l- xvii. (1873) 22. Porina umbraculata. Pielus umbraculatus, Gu4nie,Ent.Mo. Mag. Y.,p. 1 (1868). Canterbury {Fereday). The description of this species leads me to suspect that it is one of the many varieties of P. signata. Walker, (P. variolaris, Gu^nde), we have examples which agree well with it : M. Gu^nee is quite wrong in referring these species to Walker's genus Pielus, the species of that group being not only all large insects, but having the costal and subcostal nerviires of secondaries clearly separated through- out their entire length, and the antennae proportionately longer. 23. Porina vexata. Porina vexata. Walker, Lep. Het. Suppl. II., p. 597 (1865). Auckland, New Zealand {Oxley). Type. B.M. Allied to P. signata, but smaller, darker, and with the silvery spots obsolescent, those in discoidal cell only being distinct. The species of Porina have the same habits as our own " swifts " in England. — See Fereday in Trans. N. Zeal. Inst, v., p. 290 (1873). Genus 14. Oxycanus, Walker. Lep. Het. VII., p. 1573, gen. 12 (1856). 24. Oxycanus impletus. Oxycanus impletus. Walker, Lep. Het. Suppl. II., p. 598 (1865). Auckland {Oxley). I have not seen the type of this species. 32 Tribe 3. Noctuites, "Walker. Family 8. BryophilidvE, Gu^nee. Gen. Lip. Nod. I., p. 21 (1852). Genus 15. Beyophila, Treitsclike. £ur. Schmett. Y.,p. 57 (1825). 25. Bryophila tempekata. Bryophila temperata, Walker, Zep. Het. XV., p. 1648 (1858). New Zealand {Churton). Type. B.M. Genus 16. Declana, Walker. Zep. Het. XV., p. 1649(1858). 26. Declana floccosa. Declana floccosa, Walker, Zep. Het. XY.,p. 1649 (1858). New Zealand (Bolton). Type. B.M. Family 9. Bombycoid^, Guenee. Gc7i. Zip. Noct. I., p. 33 (1852). Genus 17. Detunda, Walker. Zep. Het. Suppl. II., p. 618 (1865). 27. Detunda atronivea. Detunda atronivea. Walker, Lcp. Het. Suppl. XL, p. 619 (1865). New Zealand {Parry). I have not seen the type. Family 10. Leucanid^, Gutsnt^e. Gen. Lip. Noct. I, p. 65 (1852). Genus 18. Leucania, Hiihner. Verz. hek. Schmett., p. 241 (1816). 28. Leucania extranea. Tab. 9,Jic/. 2. Leucania extranea, Guinie, Noct. I., ^5. 77, n. 104 (1852). New Zealand {Sinclair, Golenso, Bolton). B.M. 29. Leucania propria. Tab. 9, Jig. 4. Leucania propria. Walker, Zep. Het. IX., p. Ill, n. 80 (1856) ; G-tiinie, Ent. Mo. Mag. Y.,p. 2 (1868). New Zealand {JEarl). Type. B.M. Genus 19. Nonagria, Hiibner. Verz. hek. Schmett., p. 241 (1816). 32. Nonagria juncicolor. Nonagria juncicolor, GuiiiAe, Ent. Mo. Mag. Y.,p. 2 (1868). Canterbury {Fereday). Mr. Fereday will be able to judge from the plate, whether or not this is the Zeucania unica of Walker (See note Ent. Mo. Mag. v., p. 3). Genus 20. Ipana, Walker. Zep Het XY.,p. 1661 (1858). 33. Ipana leptomeua. Ipana leptomera, Walker, Zep. Het. XV., p. 1662, n. 1 (1858). New Zealand {Bolton). Type. B.M. Very like a Zeucania e.xcepting that the body is unusu- ally long. Family 11. Glottulidje. Gu^n^e. Gen. Zip. Noct. I., p. 112 (1852). Genus 21. PoLiTEiA, Walker. Zep. Het. Suppl. II., p. 642 (1865). 34. POLITEIA JUNCTILINEA. Politeia juuctilinea. Walker, Zep. Het. Suppl. II., p. 643 (186.5). Auckland {Oxley). I liave not seen the type. Family 12. Apamid.15, Guunee. Gen. Zip. Noct. I., p. 119 (1852). Sub-family Episemin^, Butler. (Episemides, Guinie, Nuct. 1, p. 168 (1852) ; Episemidae, Walker.) Genus 22. Heliophobus, Boisduval. Ind. p. 69 (1829). 35. Heliophobus disjungens. Tab. 9, Jig. 1. Heliophobus disjungens, Walker, Zep. Het. XV., p. 1681 (1858). New Zealand (Earl). Type. B.M. 30. Leucania unica. Tab. 9, Jig. 9. n. 81 B.M. Genus 23. Alysia, Gu^n^e. Ent. Mo. Mag. Y.,p. 3,/«m. 3 (1868). 36. Alysia specifica. Alysia specifica, Guinie, Ent. Mo. Mag. Y.,p. 3 (1868). Alysia specificata {sic), Fereday, Trans. N. Zeal. Inst. IV., Leucania semivittata, Walker, Zep. Het. Suppl. II., p. 628 p. 218 (1872;. Leucania unica. Walker, Zep. Het. IX., p. 112 (1856). New Zealand {Earl). Type. 31. Leucania semivittata. (1865) Auckland {Oxley). Type. B.M. Canterbury {Fereday). " Bred from larvae taken out of the heart of ' Wild 33 Spaniard ' {Aciphylla sqiiai-rosa) on which it was feeding.' Fereday, Trans. K Zeal. Inst. IV., p. 218 (1872). Sub-family 6. Apamin^e, Butler. Apamides, aicdn. Nod. I., p. 178 (1852). Genus 24. Mamestra, Hiibner. Verz. bek Schmett.p. 214 (1816). 37. Mamestra comma. Tah. 9,fg. G. Mamestra comma. Walker, Lcp. Hd. IX., p. 239, n. 40 (1856). Graphiphora implexa. Walker, Lep. Het. X., p. 405, n. 42 (1856). New Zealand {Churton, Colenso, Smith). Types. B.M. M. Guen^e believing that he has rightly identified this .species, and erroneously supposing that tlie same specific name cannot be used twice in one family, has proposed for it the name Nitocrii bicomma (Ent. Mo. Mag. V., p. 4) ; but first it remains to be proved that his identification is correct, and then the generic name only, according to general usage, can be altered. Family 13. Noctuid.4';, Stephens. ///. Brit. Ent. Haust. II., j9. 100 (1829). Genus 25. Nitocris, Gtdnie. Ent. Mo. Mag. V., p. 4, Fam. V. (1868). 38. Nitocris bicomma (? Mamestra comma Walker). Nitocris bicomma, G^iinde, Ent. Mo. Mag. V., p. 4 (1868). Canterbury (Fereday). It will be seen, by reference to the plate, whether or not tills is Mr. Walker's species ; if so, tliat species will be referred to tiie present family under the name of Nitocris comma. Genus 26. Agrotis, Ochsenheimer. Sgst. Gloss. Schmdt. von. Eur. IV., p. 66 (1816). 39. Agrotis suffusa. Noctua suffusa, Benis, Wien. Verz., p. 80, n. 4 (1775). Phal^na Noctua suffusa, Gmelin, ed. Sgst. Nat. I., 5, p. 2541, n. 1028 (1788-93). Peridroma suffusa, Hilhncr, Verz. hek. Schmett., p. 227, n. 2275 (1816). Agrotis suffusa, Treitschke, Schmdt. Eur. V., 1, p. 152, n. 15 (1825). Bombyx spinula, Esp., Schmett. III., pi. 63, /s. 6, 7 (1782). New Zealand {Sinclair, Bolton, Earl). B.SI. 40. Agrotis munda. Agrotis munda, Walker, Lep. Het. X., p. 348, n. 99 (1856). New Zealand {Churton). Tji^e. B.M. 41. Agrotis nullifera. Tah. 9, fig. 5. Agrotis nullifera. Walker, Lep. Het. XI., p. 742 (1857). New Zealand {Earl). Type. B.M. 42. Agrotis ? moderata. Agrotis ? moderata. Walker, Lep. Het. Suppl. II., ^j. 705 (1865). Auckland {O.iieij). Type. B.M. 43. Agrotis C/Erulea. Agrotis (Spffilotis) ca;rulea, GiUnie, Ent. Mo. Mag. V., p. 38 (1868). Canterbury {Fereday). 44. Agrotis admir.^.tioxis. Agrotis admirationis, Guiiide, Ent. Mo. Mag. V., p. 38 (1868). Canterbury {fereday). 45. Agrotis ceropachoides. Agrotis ceropachoides, Gichi^e, Ent. Mo. Mag. V., p)- 39 (1868). Canterbury {Fereday). Family 14. Okthosid.e, Guc'nee. Ann. Soc. Ent. France, VI., p. 224. Genus 27. Okthosia, Ochsenheimer. Syst. Gloss. Schmdt. Eur. lY.,p. 79 (1816). 46. Orthosia in'fens.v, Orthosia infensa, Walker, Lep. Het. XL, p. 748 (1857). New Zealand {Earl). B.M. 47. Orthosia communic.a.ta. Ortliosia communicata. Walker, Lep. Het. Suppl. III., p. 716 (1865). Auckland {Oxleij). Type. B.M. Genus 28. Ta^niocampa, Guende. Ann. Soc. Ent. France VIII., p. 477. 48. T^jniocvmra immunis. TiT^niocampa immunis. Walker, Lep. Het. X., p. 430, n. 19 (18.56). New Zealand {Colenso). B.M. Genus 29. Eumichtis, Hiibner. Verz. bek. Schmett., p. 211 (1816). 49. Eumichtis sistens. Eumichtis sistens, GuMc, Ent. Mo. Mag. V., p. 39 (1868). Canterbury {Fereday). 34 Family 15. Hadenid^, Gu(^nee. Gen. Ldp. Nod. II., p. U (1852). Genus 30. Dasypolia, Guende. Gen. Up. Noct. II., p. 44 (1852). 50. Dasypolia? dotata. Dasypolia ? dotata. Walker, Lep. Ed. XI., p. 522, n. 2 (1857). New Zealand {Colenso). B.M. Genus 31. Euplexia, Stephens. III. Brit. Ins. Eaust. gen. 109 (1829). 51. Euplexia insignis. Euplexia insignis. Walker, Lep. Het. Suppl. III., p. 724 (1865). Auckland (Oxley). Type. B.M. Very close to U. indocilis, but perhaps distinct. Genus 32. Hadena, Gudnde. Ann. Soc. Ent. Franee Yll.,p. 213. 52. Hadena pictula. Dianthecia pictula, White, in Taylor's New Zealand and its iiihahitants, (Te Ika a Maui), pi. l,f. 3 (1855). Hadena pictula, Walk., Lep. Het. Xl.,p. 601, n. 99 (1857). New Zealand (Dokrn and Bolton). B.M. The figure in Mr. Taylor's work is quite useless. 53. Hadena mutans. Hadena mutans, Wlk., Lep. Het. XI., p. 602, «,. 100 (1857). New Zealand (Bolton, Colenso, Sinclair). Type. B.M. 54. Hadena lignifusca. lignifusca, Walker, Lep. Het. XI., p. 603, n. 101 Type. B.M. (1857). New Zealand {Bolton) 55. Hadena lignana. Tab. 9, fig. 7. Hadena lignana, Walker, Lep. Hd. XI., p. 758 (1857). New Zealand [Earl). Type. B.M. 56. Hadena plusiata. Hadena plusiata. Walker, Lep. Hd. Suppl. III., p. 742 (1865). Auckland {Oxley). Type. B.M. 57. Hadena nervata. Hadena nervata, Giiinie, Ent. Mo. Mag. Y.,p. 40 (1868). Canterbury {Fereday). Genus 33. Erana, "Walker. Lep. Het. XI., p. 605, gen. 24 (1857). 58. Erana graminosa. Erana graminosa, Wlk., Lep. Het. XL, p. 605, n. 1 (1857). var. Erana vigens, Wile., Lep. Het. Suppl. 3 p. 743 (1865). New Zealand (Churton), Auckland (Oxley). Types. B.M. 59. Erana plena. Erana plena, IFlk. Lep. Het. Suppl. III., p. 744 (1865). Auckland (Oxleij.) Type. B.M. Family 16. Xylinid^, Gu^n(ie. Gen. Ldp. Nod. II., p. 107 (1852). Genus 34. Aughmis, Hiibner. Verz. bet Schmdt.p. 243 (1816). 60. AucHMis composita. Tab. 10, Jig. 12. Clean tha composita, Gu^nde, Gen. Ldp. Noet. II., p. 114, n. 832 (1852). Auchmis composita. Walker, Lep. Het. XI., p. 616, n. 4 (1857). New Zealand (Colenso, Sinclair, Bolton, Churtoii). B.M. "Frequently seen on the wing in the daytime, flying briskly from flower to flower, and feeding upon the nectar, which it extracts with its long proboscis. The larvae are . . . of a variety of colours, and striped longitudinally with numerous thread-like lines. They have sixteen feet, and feed principally on grasses and standing corn — especially rye-grass and o^ts." — Fereday Trans. N. Zeal. Inst. Y., p. 291 (1873). Genus 35. Xylocampa, Gu^n^e. Ann. Soc. Ent. France VI., p. 227. 61. Xylocampa cucullina. Xylocampa cucullina, Gudnee, Ent. Mo. Mag. V., p. 40 (1868). Canterbury (Fereday). Genus 36. Xylina, Treitschke. Eur. Schmett. Y.,p. 3 (1826). 62. Xyllna ustistriga. Xylina ustistriga. Walker, Lep. Hd. XL, p. 630, n. 19 (1857). New Zealand (Colenso). Type. B.M. 63. Xylina lignisecta. Xylina lignisecta. Walker, Lep. Hd. XL, p. 631, n. 20 (1857). New Zealand. Type. B.M. 64. Xylina spurcata. Xylina spurcata, Wlk., Lep. Hd. XL, p. 631, n. 21 (1857). New Zealand (Bolton). Type. B.M. 35 65. XyLINA ? DECEPTURA. Xylina ? deceptura, Walker, Lep. Het. XV., p. 1737 (1857). (^"^p^,^); Noctua Floreutina, Esper, Eur. Schmtt. IV., pi. 135,/. 2 New Zealand (Ckurton). Type. B.M. 66. Xylina provida. Xylina provida, Walker, Lep. Het. XV., ^j. 1737 (1858). New Zealand {Bolton). Type. B.M. 67. Xylina inceptura (.? genus Xylocampa). Xylina inceptura, Walker, Lep. Het. XV., p. 1736 (1858). New Zealand {Clmrton). Type. B.M. See Gu^n^e's note on this species, Ent. Mo. Mag. V., p. 40 (1868). 68. Xylina stipata. Xylina stipata, Wlk., Lep. Het. Suppl. 111., p. 753 (1865). Auckland {Oxley). 69. Type. B.M. Xylina turbida. Xylina turbida, Wlk., Lep. Het. Suppl. III., p. 754 (1865). Auckland {Oxley). Type. B.M. 70. Xylina vexata. Xylina vexata, Wlk., Lep. Het. Suppl. III., p. 755 (1865). Auckland {Oxley). Type. B.M. 71. Xylina defigurata. Xylina defigurata, Wlk.,Lep.Het.Suppl. III.,;). 756 (1865). Auckland (Oxley). Type. B.M. 72. Xylina atristriga. Xylina atristriga. Walker, Lep. Het. Suppl. 111., p. 756 (1865). Auckland {Oxley). Type. B.M. 73. Xylina canescens. Xylina canescens. Walker, Lep. Het. Sup2)l. III., p. 757 (1865). Auckland {Oxley). Type. B.M. Family 17. Heliothid^, Gu^nde. Gen. Lip. Nod. 11., p. 166 (1852). Genus 37. Heliothis, Ochsenheimer. Eiir. Schmett. TV., p. 91 (1816). 74. Heliothis peltigera. Noctua peltigera, Denis, Wien. Verz., p. 89, n. 2 (1775). Melicleptria peltigera, Hiibner, Verz. hek. Schmett., p. 262, n. 2576 (1816). Heliothis peltigera, Treitschke, Schmett. Eur. V., j)- 227, n. 5 (1825). Heliothisa peltigera, Meigen, Syst. Beschr. III., p. 234, pi. 210,/. 14(1830). Phalsena-Noctua Alphea, Cramer, Pap. Exot. III., p. 99, pi. 250,/. F. (1782). Melicleptria Alphea, Hiibner, Verz. bck. Schmett., p. 202, n. 2577 (1810). Noctua scutigera, Borkhausen, Eur. Schmett. TV., p. 93, n. 37 (1792). Noctua Barbara, Fab., Ent. Syst. III., 2, p. Ill, n. 334 (1793). Noctua straminea, Donovan, Brit. Ins. 11., pi. 61 (1793). New Zealand {Sinclair). B.M. 75. Heliothis aemigera. Noctua armigera, Hiibner, Samvil. Eur. Schmett. Noct, pi. 79,/ 370 (1805-24). Heliothis armigera, Treitschke, Schmett. Eur. III., p. 230, n. 6 (1825). Heliothisa armigera, Meigen, Syst. Beschr. III., p. 234, pi. 120,/ 15 (1830). New Zealand {Sinclair, Colenso, Bolton, Churton). B.M. See Fereday's note on this species Trans. N. Zeal. Jmt. Y.,p.291 (1873). 76. Heliothis conferta. Heliothis conferta, Walker, Lep. Het. XL, p. 69( (1857). New Zealand {Sinclair, Bolton). Type. Family 18. Eriopid^, Gueni^e. Ge7i. Lip. Noct. 11., p. 288 (1852). Genus 38. Cosmodes, Guende. Gen. Ldp. Noct. II., p. 289 (1852). 77. Cosmodes elegans. w. 21 B.M. Phalajna elegans, (1805). un, Ins. New HolL, pi. Plusia? elegans, Boisduval, Voy. de r Astrolabe, I., Lip. p. 242 (1832—35). Cosmodes elegans, Guinie, Sp. Gen. Lip. Noct. II., ^.290, n. 1092 (1852). New Zealand {Sinclair, Colenso, Bolton). B.M. Family 19. Plusid^, Gu^n^e. Gen. Lip. Noct. 11., p. 319 (1852). Genus 39. Plusia, Ochsenheimer. Eur. Schmett., TV., p. 89 (1816). 78. Plusla. eriosoma. Tab. 10, figs. 1, 2. Plusia eriosoma, Doubleday, Dieff., N Zeal, App., p. 285 (1843). New Zealand {Bolton, Colenso, Sinclair, Parry, Boss). Type. B.M. The sexes are represented on our plate. 36 Family 20. AjrpiiirYRin.?:, C4uenee. Gen. Lip. Nod. II., ^j. 408 (1852). Genus 40. Bityla, Walker. Lcp. Hd. Suppl. III., p. 869 (1865). 79. Bityla thoracic a. Bityla thoracica, Walker, Lcp. Hd. Suppl. III., jh 869 (1865). New Zealand (C'olcnso, Bolton). Type. B.M. Genus 44. Daraba, "Walker. 83. D.IRABA CORDAUS, 2^1- X., /y. 22. Margaritia? cordalis, Douhleday, Bieff. N. Zeal. App., p. 288, n. 128 (1843). Scopula ? cordalis. Walker, Lep. Het. XVIII., p. 794, n. 47 (1859). Daraba extensalis. Walker, Le]). Hd. Suppl. 4, j)- 1311 (1865). Auckland; New Zealand (Sinclair). Type. B.M. Family 21. Ommatophorid.-e, Gut'n(5e. Goi Lip. Nod. III., p. 169 (1852). Genus 41. Dasypodia, Guenfe. Gen. Lip. Nod. III., p. 174 (1852). 80. Dasypodia selenophora. Dasypodia selenophora, Guinec, Sp. Gen. Lip. Nod. III., p. 175,' n. 1566 (1852). Erebus n. sp. White, in Tai/lor's New Zealand and its Liihahitants, pi. 1,/s. 2, 2 (185.o). New Zealand (Boltoa, Sinclair). B.M. Tribe 4. Pyralites, Guen^e. Family 22. Hypenid.I!, Guenee. Gen. Lip. Dclt. d Pijral.,p. 17 (1854). Genus 42. Ehapsa, Walker. Zf/j. Hd. Suppl. IV., jp. 1149 (1865). 81. Ehapsa scotosialis. scotosialis, Walker, Lep. Hd. Suiypl. IV., j?. 1150 Tj-pe. B.M. (1865). Auckland {Bolton, Oxley) Family 23. Asopid.'E, Gu^ne'e. Gen. Lip. Belt, d Pyral.,p. 186 (1854). Genus 43. Hymekia, Hiibner. Verz. hek. Sehmett.,p. 360 (1810). 82. Hymenia angustalis. I'haliena angustalis, Fah., Mant. Ins., p. 222, n. 309 (1787). Plialiena recurvalis, Fab., Ent. Syst. III. 2, p. 237, n. 407 (1793). Spoladea recurvalis, Guinie, Sp. Gin. Lip. Belt, d Pyral., p. 225, n. 190 (1854). Hymenia recurvalis, Wlk., Lep. Hd. XVIII., p. 396, 7i. 2 (1859). New Zealand {Sinclair) ; Auckland {Boltnn). B.M. I can discover no reason for altering the original name n. 50 (1859). of this species, I have therefore retained it New Zealand (Sinclair). Family 24. Steniad^, Guenee. Gen. Lip. Belt, d Pyral., p. 232 (1854). Genus 45. Diasemia, Stephens. //;. Brit. Ins. Haust. TV., p. 37. 84. Diasemia grammalis,^/. X.,/y. 23. Diasemia grammalis, BouUeday, Bieff. N. Zeal. App., p. 287, n. 124 (1843). New Zealand (Sinclair). Type. B.M. Genus 46. ISCHNURGES, Lederer. Wi€n. Ent. Monatsehr. Nil., p. 418 ; pi. Z,fig. 14 (1863). 85. ISCHNURGES ILLUSTRALIS. Ischnurges illustralis, Lederer, Wien. Eiit. Mon. VII., pi. 15,/. 12 (1863). New Zealand. Family 25. Bottom, Gue'ne'e. Gen. Lip. Belt, d Pyral, p. 315 (1854). Genus 47. Scopula, Schrank. Fauna Boica II., 2, p. 162 (1802). 86. Scopula ? flavidalis. Margaritia flavidalis, Boubleday, Bieff. N. Zeal. App., p. 287, n. 125 (1843). Scopula ? flavidalis. Walker, Lp. Hd. XVIII., i?. 795, n. 48 (1859). New Zealand (Sinclair). Type. B.M. 87. Scopula quadralis. Margaritia quadralis, Boubleday, Bieff. N. Zeal. App. p 288, n. 126 (1843). Scopula quadralis, Walker, Lcjh Het. XVIII., 7). 796, n. 49 (1859). New Zealand {Sinclair, Bolton). Type. B.M. Scopula ? Dipsasalis. Scopula ? Dipsasalis, Walker, Lep. Hd. XVIII., p. 796 Type. B.M. 37 89. SCOPULA? HYBREA.S.VLIS. 98. SCOPARIA RAKAIENSIS. Scopula? Hybreasalis, JValker, Lep. Hd. XVIII., ;?. 797 Scoparia rakaiensis, Knaggs, Ent. Mo. Mag. IV., «. 8U n. 51(1859). nH67) ' JJ ' J '1 New Zealand {Parrn). Type. B.M. ^ew Zealand {Fcrcdmj). 90. Scopula? Paronalis. , , t. ,. „r „ ^ X. ,r,rx., .. w ^9- ScOPARIA EJUNCIDA. Scopula ? Paronalis, Walker, Lep. Hd. XVIII., p. 797, w. 52 (1859). Scoparia ejuncida, Knaggs, Ent. Mo. Mag. IV., p. 81 New Zealand (Colenso, Parry). Type. B.M. (1807). New Zealand (Fercday). 91. Scopula ? Daiclesalis. Scopula ? Daiclesalis, Walker, Lep. Het. XIX., p. 1017 (1859). New Zealand (Churton). Tj-pe. B.M. 100. Scoparia exilis. Scoparia exilis, Knaggs, Ent. Mo. Mag. lY.,p. 81 (1867). New Zealand (Feredag). Genus 48. Mecyna, Gu(!'nee. Gen. Lip. Belt, et Pyral, p. 406 (1854). 92. Mecyna ornithopteralis. Mecyna ornithopteralis, GiiAnie, Sp. Gen. Lip. Belt, et Pyral., p. 411, n. 535 (1854). New Zealand {Sinclair). B.M. Family 26. Scoparid^, Gue'nfe. Gen. Lip. Belt, d Pyral, p. 412 (1854). Genus 49. Scoparia, Havm-th. Lej}. Brit., p. i9S (1812). 93. Scoparia diphtheralis. Scoparia diphtheralis. Walker, Lep. Hd. Suppl. IV., p. 1501 (1865). Auckland (Oxley). Type. B.M. This is a variable species according to Knaggs, Ent. Mo. Mag. lY.,p. 81. 94. Scoparia minusculalis. Scoparia minusculalis. Walker, Lep. Hd. Suppl. IV., p. 1503 (1865). New Zealand (Colenso). Type. B.M. 95. Scoparia linealis. Scoparia linealis. Walker, Lep. Het. Suppl. IV., p. 1503 (1865). Auckland (OA-lcy). T}-pe. B.M. 96. Scoparia minualis. Scoparia minualis, Walker, Lep. Het. Suppl. IV., j). 1504 (1865). New Zealand {Bolton). Tyi^e. B.M. 97. Scoparia Feredayi. Scoparia Feredayi, Knaggs, Ent. Mo. Mag. IV., p. 80 (1867). New Zealand {Fercday). 101. Tribe 5. Geometrites, Newman. Family 27. Ennomid^, Guen&. Gen. Lip. Phal. I., p. 64 (1857). Genus 50. Selenia, Hiibner. Verz. hek. Schmdt.,p. 292 (1816). Selenia Gallaria. Tub. 10, Jigs. 6, 7. Selenia Gallaria, Walker, Lep. Het. XX., p. 185, n. 0 (1860). New Zealand {Earl). Type. B.M. Genus 51. Polygonia, Guenee. Ent. Mo. Mag. Y.,p. 41, Earn. II. (1868). 102. Polygonia fortinata. Polygonia fortinata, Guinie, Ent. Mo. Mag. V., p. 41 (1868). Canterbury {Fercday). Genus 52. Angerona, Duponchel. Hist. Nat. Lip. lY.,p. 104 (1829). 103. Angerona Menanaria. Angerona Menanaria, Walker, Lep. Hd. XXVI., p. 1500 (1862). New Zealand {Churton). Type. B.M. A very peculiar, indistinct looking, species. Genus 53. Endropia, Guenee. Gen. Lip. Phal I., p. 122 (1857). 104. Endropia mi.xtaria. Tab. 10, Jig. 5. Endropia mixtaria, Wlk., Lep. Het. XXVI., ^. 1506 (1862). New Zealand. Type. B.M. Mr. Walker appears not to have known the locality of this species. L 38 Genus 54. Lyrcea, Walker. Lep. Ret. XX., i?. 259, (1860). 105. Lyrcea Alectoria. Lyrcea Alectoria, Wlk., Lcp. Hd. XX., p. 259 (1860). New Zealand (Bolton). Type. B.M. Genus 55. Ennomos, Treitschke. JSur. Schmdt. V., 2, p. 427 (1825). 106. Ennomos ustaria. ustaria, Wlk., Up. Hd. XXVI., p. 1519 (1862). Auckland {Oxley). Type. B.M. Family 28. Amphidasyd^, Guinea. Gen. Up. Phal. I., p. 190 (1857). Genus 56. Zermizinga, Walker. U2X Hd. XXYl.,p. 1530 (1862). 107. Zermizinga indogilisaria. Zermizinga indocilisaria, Walker, Up. Het. XXVI., p. •1530 (1862). New Zealand {Colcnso). Type. B.M. Genus 57. Ischalis, Walker. Up. Hd. XXYI.,p. 1749 (1862). 108. Ischalis thermochromata. Ischalis thermochromata, Walker, Up>. Hd. XXVI., p. 1750 (1862). New Zealand {Parry). Type. B.M. Genus 58. Sestra, Walker. Up. Het. XXYI.,p. 1750 (1862). 109. Sestra fusiplagiata. Sestra fusiplagiata, Walker, Up. Hd. XXVI., p. 1750 (1862). New Zealand {Bolton). Type. B.M. Family 29. BoARMiDiE, Guunee. Gen. Up. Phal. I, p. 213 (1857). Genus 59. Boarmia, Treitschke. Eur. Schmdt. V., 2, p. 433 (1825). 110. Boarmia dejectaria. Boarmia dejectaria. Walker, Up. Het. XXL, p. 394. n. 126 (1860). Boarmia exprorapta. Walker, Up. Het. XXI., p. 395, n. 128 (1860). New Zealand {Parry, Sinclair). Types. B.M. 111. Boarmia attracta. Tab. 10, fig. '^. Boarmia attracta, Walker, Up. Hd. XXL, p. 394, n. 127 (1860). Scotosia lignosata, Walker, Up. Het. XXV., p. 1361, n. 38 (1862). var. Scotosia erebinata. Walker, Up. Het. XXN.,p. 1358, n. 33 (1862). New Zealand {Sowerhy, Parry, Sinclair, Bolton, Oxky). Types. B.M. The names united above undoubtedly represent but one species. Genus 60. Tephrosia, Boisduval. Gen. Up. Ind.,p. 198 (1840). 112. Tephrosia patularia. Tcib. 10, Jig. 8. Tephro.na patularia. Walker, Up. Het. XXL, p. 422, n. 58 (1860). New Zealand Sinclair). Type. B.M. The figure on our plate does not give a satisfactory representation of the species, being too dark ; the type also being somewhat damaged. 113. Tephrosia soriptaria. Tephrosia scriptaria. Walker, Up. Hd. XXL, p. 422 n. 59 (1860. New Zealand {Parry). Type. B.M. Genus 61. Gnophos, Treitschke. Eur. Schmdt., V., 2, p. 432 (1825). 114. Gnophos pannularia. Gnophos pannularia, Git^ne'e, Ent. Mo. Mag. V., p. 42 (1868). Canterbury {Fereday). Family 30. Acidalid^, Guent'e. Gen. Up. Phal. I., p. 422 (1857). Genus 62. Asthena, Hlibner. Vcrz. hek. Schrnett., p. 310 (1816). 115. Asthena ondinata. Tab. 10, Jig. 20. Asthena ondinata, Gudnde, Sp. Gen. Up. Phal. I., p. 438, n. 724; ^/. 19,/^. 4(1857). Chlorochroma plurilineata. Walker, Up. Het. XXII., pp. 563 & 676, nn. 8 (1861). New Zealand {Sinclair and Bolton). B.M. 116. Asthena subpurpureata. Asthena subpurpureata, Walker, Up. Hd. XXVI., p. 1588 (1862). Auckland {Oxley). Type. B.M. 39 117. ASTHENA MULLATA. Asthena mullata, GiUnie, Ent. Mo. Mai]. V., j). 42 (1868), Canterbury (Fereday). Genus 63. Acidalia,* Treitschke. Eicr. Schmeti. V., 2, p. 438 (1825). 118. Acidalia? PULCHRARiA. Tab. 10, Jit/. IS. Acidalia pulchraria, DoiMcday, Buff. N. Zeal. Aiip., •p. 286, n. 122 (1843). Acidalia ? pulchraria, Walker, Lep. Hot. XXIV., p. 780, n. 248 (1861). Ptychopoda rubropunctaria, DouUeday, Bicff. N. Zeal. App., p. 287, n. 123 (1843). New Zealand {Sinclair, Colenso, Bolton). Type. B.M. 119. Acidalia ? rubraria. Ptychopoda ? rubraria, Bouhkday, Bicff. N. Zeal. App., p. 286, n. 12 (1343). Acidalia ? rubraria, Walker, Lep. Het. XXIV., p. 781, n. 249 (1861). New Zealand (Sinclair, Bolton). Type. B.M. 120. Acidalia pr^fectata. Acidalia priefectata, Walker, Lep. Het. XXIV, p. 781, n. 250 (1861). Auckland {Oxley). Type. B.M. 121. Acidalia schistaria. Acidalia schistaria, Walker, Lep. Het. XXIV., p. 782, n. 251 (1861). Auckland {Oxley). Tj^e. B.M. 122. Acidalia subtestaria. Acidalia subtentaria, Walker, Lep. Het. XXVI., ^j. 1610 (1862). New Zealand {Sinclair). Type. B.M. 123. Acidalia absconditaria. Tab. 10, fig. 21. Acidalia absconditaria. Walker, Lep. Het. XXVI, ^. 1611 (1862). New Zealand {Sinclair). Type. B.M. Family 31. MiCRONiD^, GuAiee. Gen. Lip. Phal. II., p. 21 (1857). Genus 64. Gargaphia, Walker. Zcp. Het. XXYl.,p. 1634 (1862). 124. Gargaphia muriferata. Gargaphia muriferata. Walker, Lep. Het. XXVL, p. 1635 (1862). Auckland {Oxleij). Type. B.M. Family 32. Macarid^, Guen^e. Gen. Lip. Phal. II., p. 61 (1857). Genus 65. Macaria, Curtis. Brit. Entom. III., p. 132 (1826). 125. Macaria ? humeraria. Macaria ? humeraria. Walker, Lep. Het. XXIII., p. 940, n. 131 (1861). New Zealand {Sinclair). Type. B.M. Family 33. Fidonid^, Guenee. Gen. Lep. Phal. II., p. 95 (1857). Genus 66. Lozogramma, Stephens. ///. Brit. Ent. Haust. III., p. 258, gen. 207 (1829). 126. Lozogramma obtusaria. Lozogramma obtusaria. Walker, Lep. Het. XXIII., p. 985, n. 5 (1861). New Zealand {Sinclair). Type. B.M. Genus 67. Panagka, Guenfe. Gen. Lip. Phal. II., p). 126 (1857). 127. PaNAGRA HYPENARIA. Tob.lO, fig. 10. Panagra hypenaria, Guinie, Sp. Gen. Lep. Phal. II., p. 128, n. 1125 (1857). New Zealand {Sinclair). Type. B.M. This species is so much like the Beltoides and so unlike the other fonns in the genus, that I can scarcely believe it to belong to Panagra: I should be glad to see a genus formed for its reception. 128. Panagra pkomelaxaria. Panagra promelanaria. Walker, Lep. Het. XXVL, p. 1666 (1862). New Zealand {Sinclair). Type. B.M. 129. Panagra venipunctata. Panagra venipunctata. Walker, Lep. Het. XXVL, p. 1666 (1862). New Zealand {Bolton). Type. B.M. 130. Panagra ephyraria. Panagra ephyraria. Walker, Lep. Het. XXVL, p. 1761 (1862). Auckland {Oxley). I have been unable to find the type of this species. 131. Panagra scissaria. Panagra scissaria, Guinie, Ent. Mo. Mag. V., p. 43 (1868). Canterbury {Fereday). This name ought properly to sink, it having been previously used by ffubncr for a genus of butterflies (Argj'unis, Fabr.) 40 Genus 68. Fidonia, Treitschke. Et(,r. Schmett. Y., 2, p. 435 (1825). 132. FiDONIA? BKEPIIOSATA. Tab. 10, f/j. 3. 139. HyBERXIA EOKEOI'HILAia.V. Hybernia boreopliilaria, Guf'm'e, Eat. Mo. Mag. V.,^j. 61 (1868). Canterbury [Fercduy). Fidonia ? brephosata, Walker, Lcf. Hd. XXIY., p. 1037; n. 12 (1862). New Zealand {Earl). Type. B.M, 133. FlDOXIA ? ACIDALIARIA. Fidonia? acidaliaria, Walker, Lcp. Hd. XXIY.,]). 1037, n. 13 (1862). New Zealand (Sinclair). Family 35. Larentid.e, Guenue. Gen. Ldp. Phal. II., p. 257 (1857). Genus 71. Laeextia, Treitschke. Eur. Schmett. Y., 2, p. 440 (1825). 140. Larextia clakata. Tab. 10, Jig. 14. Larentia clarata, Walker, Lep. Hd. XXIV., ;). 1197, n. Type. B.M. 68 (1862). New Zealand {Earl). Type. B.M. 134. FiDOXIA PERORXATA. Fidonia perornata, Walkn; Lep. Hd. XXVI., j). 1672 (1862). New Zealand [Colcnso) A very striking species, but the t}'i)e is much injured. 141. Larentia pkoductata. Larentia productata. Walker, Lep. Hd. XXIV., 2?. 1197, Type. B.M. «■ 69 (1862). ■ " Auckland {Oxlcy). Type. B.M. 135. Fidonia? servularia. Fidonia ? servularia, Giidnee, Ent. Mo. Mag. Y., p. 43 (1868). Canterbury {Feredag). Genus 69. Aspil.\tes, Treitsclike. Eur. Schmett. VI., I., p. 126 (1827). 136. ASPILATES ABROGATA. 142. Larextia megaspilata. Larentia megaspilata, Walker, Lep. Hd. XXIV., ^5. 1198, n. 70 (1862). Auckland (Oxleij). Type. B.M. 143. Larextia subductata. Larentia subductata, Walker, Lep. Hd. XXIV., p. 1198, n. 71 (1862), Auckland (Oxleg). Type. B.M. Aspilates abrogata. Walker, Lep. Het. XXIV., p. 1075, n. 23 (1862). New Zealand [EarT). Type. B.M. n. 72 (1862). New Zealand (Sinclair). 144. Larextia infusata. Larentia infusata, Walker, Lep. Hd. XXIV., p. 1199, Type. B.M. 137. Aspilates? prim.\ta. Tab. 10, Jig. 4. Aspilates ? primata. Walker, Lep. Het. XXIV., p. 1076. n. 26 (1862). New Zealand. Type. B.M. Mr. Walker gives no locality for this species, but as it is figured on our plate, there can be little doubt that it is a New Zealand species. 138. Aspilates Eit.oliaria. Afspilates euboliaria, Walker, Lep. Hd. XXVI., p. 1684 (1862), New Zealand {Bolton). I cannot find the type of this species. Family 34. IlYBERXlDyE, Ouenee.* Gen. 'Lip. Phal. II., p. 244 (1857). Genus 70. Hybernia, Latreille. i^'am.A'ai;.,;?. 477 (1825). 145. Larextia ixvexat^v. Tab. 10, Jig. 11. Larentia invexata, Walker, Lep. Hd. XXIY., p. 1199, 71. 73 (1862). New Zealand {Bolton). Type. B.M. 146. Larextia semisign.\ta. Larentia semisignata. Walker, Lep. Hd. XXIV., j?. 1200, n. 74 (1862). New Zealand {Sinclair). Type. B.M. 147. Larextia lugipata. Larentia lucidata, Walker, Lcp. Het. XXIV., ;7. 1200, 71. 75 (1862). New Zealand {Sinclair). Type. B.M. 148. Larentia? quadristrig.\ta. Larentia ? quadristrigata, Walker, Lep. Hd. XXIV., p. 1200, n. 76 (1862). New Zealand {Bolton). Type. B.M. * It is a question wlictlicr Ui/bcrniada (lS-11) ought not to be adopted ; it seems to me tliat Hijhcrniiila: would be most eoncct. 41 149. Lakentia cinerearia. Cidaria ? cinerearia, DouUeday> Dieff. N. Zeal. App. {Walker, Lep. Het. XXVI., p. 1703 (18G2). Larentia inoperata, Walker, Lcp. Het. XXIV., pi. 1201 n. 77 (1862). New Zealand {Sinclair, Bolton). Type. B.M. 150. Larentia diffusaria. Larentia diffusaria, Walker, Lep. Het. XXIV., p. 1201, n. 78 (1862). New Zealand {Bolton). Type. B.M. 151. Larentia punctilineata. Tab. 10, Jig. 12. Larentia punctilineata, Walker, Lep. Het. XXIV., p. 1202, n. 79 (1862). New Zealand {Parry, Sinclair, Bolton). Type. B.M. 152. Larentia interclusa. Larentia interclusa. Walker, Lep. Het. XXIV., y. 1202, n. 80 (1862). 153. Larentia corcularia. Larentia corcularia, Chiinie, Ent. Mo. Mag. V., ^.61 (1868). Canterbury {Fereday). 154. Larentia infantaria. Larentia infantaria, G^iinic, Ent. Mo. Mag. V., p. 62 (1868). Canterbury {Fereday). 155. Larentia Catocalaria. Larentia Catocalaria, G-uinii, Ent. Mo. Mag. V., p. 26 (1868). Canterbury {Fereday). Genus 72. Eupithecia, Curtis. Brit. Entom. l\.,p. 64 (1825). 156. Eupithecia? bilineolata. Eupithecia ? bilineolata, Walker, Lcp. Het. XXIV., p. 1246, n. 99 (1862). Auckland {Oxley). Type. B.M. 157. Eupithecia ? muscosata. Eupithecia ? muscosata, Walker, Lep. Het. XXIV., p. 1246, «. 100 (1862). Auckland {Oxley). Type. B.M. 158. Eupithecia semialbata. Eupithecia semialbata. Walker, Lep. Het. XXVI..;?. 1708 (1862). Auckland {Oxley). Type. B.M. 159. Eupithecia inexpiata. Tab. 10, fig. 18. Eupithecia inexpiata, Walkf.r, Lep. Het. XXVI., js. 1708 (1862). New Zealand {Sinclair). Type. B.M. 160. Eupithecia indicataria. Eupithecia indicataria. Walker, Lep. Het. XXVI., p. 1708 (1862). New Zealand {Colenso). Type. B.M. 161. Eupithecia cidariaria. Eupithecia cidariaria, Gadnde, Eat. Mo. Mag. V., p. 62 (1868). Canterbury {Fereday). Genus 73. Coremia, Guenee. Gen Lep. Phal. U.,p. 408 (1857). 162. Coremia rosearia. Tab. 10,fi,g. 13. Cidaria rosearia, Doubleday, Dieff. N. Zeal. App., p. 285, n. 119 (1843). Coremia rosearia. Walker, Lep. Het. XXV., p. 1313, n. 21 (1862). Coremia subidaria, Guinde, Sp. Gen. Lt'p. Phal. II., p. 412, n. 1565 (1857). New Zealand {Sinclair). Type. B.M. 163. Coremia robustaria. Coremia robustaria. Walker, Lep. Het. XXV., p. 1320. n. 39 (1862). New Zealand {Bolton). Type. B.M. 164. Coremia semifissata. Coremia semifissata. Walker, Lep. Het. XXV., p. 1320, n. 39 (1862). Auckland {Oxley). Type. B.M. 165. Coremia plurimata. Coremia plurimata. Walker, Lep. Het. XXV., p. 1321, n. 41 (1862). New Zealand {Bolton). Type. B.M. 166. Coremia Deltoidata. Coremia Deltoidata, Walker, Lep. Het. XXV., p. 1321, n. 42 (1862). Auckland {Oxley). Type. B.M. See Guende's note on this species (Ent. Mo. Mag. V., p. 64). 167. Coremia? induct.yta. Coremia ? inductata, Walker, Lep. Het. XXV., p. 1322, n. 43 (1862). New Zealand {Bolton). Type. B.M. 42 168. COEEMIA ARDULAEIA. Coremia ardularia, Chiinie, Ent. Mo. Mag. V., p. 63 (1868). Canterbury {Fereday). 169. COKEMIA ? INAM.-ENARIA. Coremia inamsenaria, GiUii^e, Ent. Mo. Mag. V., p. 64 (1868). Canterbury {Fereday). M. Guende is not certain that this is a Coremia (Ent. Mo. Mag. v., p. 64). 170. Coremia ypsiloxaria. Coremia ypsilonaria, (?i«^?K^, Eiit.Mo.Mag.Y.,p.84 (1868). Canterbury (Fereday). 171. Coremia pastinaria. Coremia pastinaria, Chtinde, Ent. Mo.Mag. Y.,p. 64(1868). Canterbury (Feredaij). Genus 74. Cajiptogramma, Stephens. III. Brit. Ent. Haust. III., p. 263 (1829). 172. Camptogramma suBOCHR.\Ri.i. Tah. 10, Jig. 16. Aspilates ? subochraria, BouUeday, Dicff. N. Zeal. Aiyp., p. 285, n. 114 (1843). Camptogramma strangulata, Guinie, Gen. L&p. Phal. II., p. 423, n. 1586 (1857). New Zealand {Sinclair, Colenso, Parry, Bolton) ; Auck- land (O.-dcy). Type. B.M. 173. Camptogramma correlata. Tab. 10, Jig. 15. Camptogramma correlata. Walker, Lep. Het. XXV., p. 1830, n. 22 (1862). New Zealand {Sinclair). Type. B.M. 174. Camptogramma fuscinata. Camptogramma fuscinata, Gv^inic, Ent. Mo. Man. Y., p. 92 (1868). Canterbury {Fereday). 175. Camptogramma stinaria. Camptogramma stinaria, Gu£n^e, Ent. Mo. Mao. V., p. 92 (1868). Canterbury {Fereday). Genus 75. Dasyuris, (iuc'nee. Ent. Mo. Mag. Y., p. 92 (1868). 176. Dasyuris parthexiata. Dasyuris partheniata, Gu^ni'c, Ent. Mo. Man. Y., p. 93 (1868). Canterbury {Fereday). n. 75 (1862). Genus 76. Phibalapteryx, Stephens. ///. Brit. In-s. Hamt. III., p. 256, gen. 200 (1829). 177. Phibalapteryx suppres.saria. Phibalapteryx suppressaria, Walker, Lep. Het. XXVI., p. 1721 (1862). Auckland {Oxhy). Type. P..M. 178. Phibalapteryx parvulata. Phibalapteryx parvulata. Walker, Lep. Het. XXVI., p. 1721 (1862). New Zealand {Bolton, Colenso). Type. B.M. Genus 77. Sc.otosia, Stephens. ni. Brit. Ent. Haust. III., p. 25^, gen. 201 (1829). 179. Scotosia subobscurata. Scotosiasubobs curata, Walker, Lep. Het. XXV., 2>. 1358, n. 32 (1862). Auckland {OJey). Tj-pe. B.M. 180. Scotosia stigmaticata. Scotosia stigmaticata. Walker, Lep. Het. XXV., ja. 1359, n. 35 (1862). New Zealand {Bolton). Type. B.JI. 181. Scotosia panagrata. Scotosia panagrata, Walker, Lep. Het. XXV., p. 1360, n. 36 (1862). Auckland {Oxley). Type. B.M. 182. Scotosia denotata. Scotosia denotata. Walker, Lep.Het.XXY.,p. 1361, n. 37 (1862). New Zealand {Bolton, Colenso). Type. B.M. 183. Scotosia subitata. Scotosia subitata. Walker, Lep. Het. XXV., p. 1362, n. 39 (1862). New Zealand {Bolton). Type. B.M. 184. Scotosia humerata. Scotosia humerata. Walker, Lep. Het. XXV., p. 1362, n. 40 (1862). New Zealand {Bolton). Type. B.M. Genus 78. Cidaria, Treitschke. Eur. Schmett. V., 2, p. 442 (1825). 185. Cidaria ixclar.\t.\. Cidaria inclaratacJ, Walker, Lep. Het. XXV., p. 1411, 43 Cidaria descriptata ? , Walker, Lep. Hct. XXV., p. 1414, n. 80 (1862). Auckland {Oxley). Type. B.M. 186. Cidaria descriptata. Cidaria descriptata ) 1862). Auckland {Oxleij) ; New Zealand {Churton). Type. B.M. 202. Tatosoma agrionata. Cidaria agrionata, Walker, Lc]). Het. XXV., p. 1417, n. S6 (1862). Cidaria tipulata. Walker, Lej). Het. XXV., p. 1417, n. 87 (1862). Cidaria inclinataria. Walker, Lep.Het. XXY.,p. 1418, n. 88 (1862). var. Cidaria collectaria, Walker, Lep. Het. XXY.,p. 1419 n. 89 (1862). New Zealand {Colenso, Sinclair, Churton) ; Auckland {Oxlcy). Types. B.M. 207 Hypochalcia indistixctalis. Hypochalcia indistinctalis, Walker, Lep. Het. XXYII,, p. 48, n. 23 (1863). New Zealand {Bolton). Type. B.M. Genus 84. Nephopteryx, Hiibner. Verz. hek Schmett., p, 370 (1816). 208. Nephopteryx Maoriella. Nephopteryx Maoriella, Walker, Lep. Het. Svppl. V., p. 1720 (1866). New Zealand (Bolton). Tj^e. B.M. 209. Nephopteryx subditella. Ne])liopteryx subditella. Walker, Lep. Het. Svppl. V., p. 1720 (1866). New Zealand (Bolton). Type. B.M. 203. Tatoso.ma tkansitaria. Ciilaria transitaria, Walker, Lep. Het. XXV., p. 1419, n. 90 (1862). ITai/lor's New Zealand, pi. I, fig. 7 (1855). New Zealand (Colenso). Type. B.M. It is difficult to say whether Taylor's figure represents this or the preceding species. Genus 85. Gadira, Walker. Lep. Het. Sui^pl. V., p. 1742 (1866). 210. Gadira acerella. Gadira acerella, Wlk., Lep. Het. Sxq^pl. Y., p. 1742 (1866). Auckland (Ooiley). Type. B.M. Genus 81. Chalastra, Walker. Lep. Het. XXY.,p. U29, gen. 33 (1862). 204. Chalastra pellurgata. Chalastra pellurgata. Walker, Lep. Het. XXV., p. 1430, n. 1 (1862). Auckland (Oxley). Type. B.M. Genus 82. Elvia, Walker. Lejx Het. XXY.,p. 1430, gen. 34 (1862). 205. Elvia glaucata. Elvia glaucata. Walker, Lep. Het. XXV., p. 1431, n. 1 (1862). Auckland (Oxlcij) ; New Zealand (Colenso). Type. BM. Tribe 6. Crambites, Stainton. Family 36. Phycid.^, Gu^nfe. Genus 83. Hypochalcia, Hiibner. Verz. hek. Schmett., ji. 368 (1816). 206. Hypochalcia submarginalis. Hypochalcia submarginalis. Walker, lA'p. Het. XXVII., ;). 48, 71. 22 (1863). New Zealand (Sinclair, Bolton). Type. B.M. Family 37. Crambid^, Stainton. Manual Brit. Moths II., p. 178 (1859). Genus 86. Crambus, Fabricius. Ent. Syst. Suppl., p. 420 (1798). 211. Crambus flexuosellus. Crambus flexuosellus, Doubleday, Dieff. N. Zeal. App., p. 289, n. 130 (1843). New Zealand (Bolton, Sinclair, Eoss) ; Auckland (Oxley). T}7)e- B.M. 212. Crambus vitellus. Crambus vitellus, Doubleday, Dieff. N. Zeal. App., p. 289, n. 131 (1843). New Zealand (Bolton, Sinclair) ; Auckland (Oxley). Type. B.M. 213. Crambus ramosellus. Crambus ramosellus, Doubleday, Dirff. N. Zeal. App.. p. 288, n. 129 (1843). New Zealand (Bolton, Sinclair, Parry). Type. B.M. 214. Crambus nexalis. Crambus nexalis, Walker, Lep. Het. XXVII., p 178, n. 137 (1863). Auckland (Oxley) ; New Zealand (Sinclair). Tvpe. B.M. 45 215. Crambus teanscissalis. Crambus transcissalis, Walker, Lep. Hct. XXVII., p. 178, n. 138 (1863). New Zealand (Sinclair). Type. B.M. 216. Crambus sabulosellus. Crambu.? sabulosellus. Walker, Lep. Hct. XXVII., p. 178, «. 139 (1863). New Zealand {Sinclair). Type. B.M. Genus 87. Eromene, Hiibner. Verz. bek Schmett, p. 256 (1816). 217. Eromene auriscriptella. Eromene auriscriptella, Walker, Lep. Het. XXX., p. 976 (1864). New Zealand {Bolton). Tj-pe. B.M. 218. Eromene lepidella. Eromene lepidella. Walker, Lep. Het. Svppl. N.,p. 1761 (1866). Auckland {Oxley). Type. B.M. A beautiful little species, with metallic spots on primaries. 219. Eromene bipunctella. Eromene bipunctella, Wlk., Lep. Het. Svppl. V., p. 1761 (1866). New Zealand {Bolton). Type. B.M. Genus 88. Samana, "Walker. Lep. Het. XXYll.,p. 197, gen. 23 (1863). 220. Samana falcatella. Samana falcatella, Walker, Lep. Het. XXVII., |7. 197, n. 1 (1863). New Zealand {Colenso). Type. B.M. Genus 89. Adena, Walker. Lep. Hct. XXVII.,^. 197, gen. 24 (1863). 221. Adena xanthialis. Adena xanthialis, Walker, Lep. Het. XXVII., 7?. 198, n. 1 (1863). Auckland {Oxleij), Type. B.M. Tribe 7. Tortricites, Walker. Family 38. Tortricid^, Stephens. Lll. Brit. Lns. Haust. fam. XVII (1829). Genus 90. Teras, Treitschke. Eur. Schmett.Yll.,p. 233 (1829). 222. Teras obliquana. Teras obliquana. Walker, Lep. Het. XXVIII., p. 302, n. 70 (1863). New Zealand {Bolton). Type. B.M. 223. Teras excessana. Teras excessana. Walker, Lep. Het. XXVIII., p. 303, n. 71 (1863). Auckland {Oxley). Type. B.M. 224. Teras oblongana. Teras oblongana, Walker, Lep. Het. XXVIII., p. 303, n. 72 (1863). Auckland {Oxley). Type. B.M. 225. Teras inaptana. Teras inaptana, Walker, Lep. Het. XXVIII., p. 304, n. 73 (1863). Auckland {Oxley). Type. B.M. 226. Teras incessana. Teras incessana, Walker, Lep. Het. XXVIII., p. 304, n. r4 (1863). Auckland {Oxley) ; New Zealand {Bolton). Type. B.M. Very similar to the preceding species. 227. Teras spurcatana. Teras spurcatana. Walker, Lep. Het. XXVIIL, ^. 305, n. 75 (1863). Auckland {Oxley). Type. B.M. 228. Teras biguttana. Teras biguttana. Walker, Lep. Het. XXVIII., p. 305, n. 76 (1863). Auckland {Oxley). Type. B.M. 229. Teras conditana. Teras conditana, Walker, Lep. Het. XXVIII., p. 306, n. 77 (1863). Auckland {Oxley). Type. B.M. 230. Tekas servana. Teras servana, Walker, Lep. Het. XXVIII., p. 306, n. 78 (1863). New Zealand {Bolton). Type. B.M. The type of this species is much broken and rubbed. 231. Teras semiferana. Teras semiferana. Walker, Lep. Hct. XXVIII., _p. 306, n. 79 (1863). New Zealand {Bolton). Type. B.M. 232. Teras priscana. Teras priscana. Walker, Lep. Het. XXVIII., p. 307, n. 80 (1863). Sciaphila spoliatana. Walker, Lep. Hct. XXVIII., ^. 356, 71. 73 (1863). N 46 P;edisca morosana, TJlk., Lep. Het. XXVIII., p. 382, n. 84 (1863). New Zealand {Bolton). Type. B.M. Very much like T. servana. 233. Teeas antiquana. Teras antiquana, Wlk., Lep. Het. XXVIII., p. 307, n. 81 (1863). Sciaphila fusiferana. Walker, Lep. Het. XXVIII., p. 355, 71. 70 (1863). New Zealand {Bolton). Type. B.M. Allied to T. servana. 234. Teras coxgestana. Teras congestana. Walker, Lep. Het. XXVIII., p. 308, n. 82 (1863). New Zealand {Bolton). Type. B.M. Apparently only a dark example of T. priscana. 235. Teras ? Maoriana. Teras ? Maoriana, Walker, Lep. Het. XXVIII., p. 308, n. 83 (1863). New Zealand {Bolton). Type. B.M. 236. Teras ? accensana. Teras ? accensana, Wlk., Lep. Het. XXX., j7. 983 (1864). New Zealand {Bolton). Type. B.M. 237. Teras ? punctilineana. Teras punctilineana, Walker, Lep. Het. Suppl. V., p. 1780 (1866). New Zealand {Bolton). Type. B.M. A large broad-winged species ; it can scarcely be a Teras I think. 238. Teras cuneiferana. Teras cuneiferana, Walker, Lep. Het. Suppl. V., p. 1780 (1866). New Zealand {Bolton). TjT)e. B.M. 239. Teras pauculana. Teras pauculana. Walker, Lep. Het. Suppl. V., p. 1781 (1866). New Zealand {Sinclair). Type. B.M. The type specimen of this insignificant little species is in poor condition. 240. Teras contractana. Teras contractana, Walker, Lep. Het. Suppl. V., p. 1782 (1866). New Zealand {Sinclair). Type! B.M. 241. Teras ? abjectana. Teras ? abjectana. Walker, Lep. Het. Suppl. V., p. 1781 (1866). New Zealand {Bolton). Type much injured. B.M. Genus 91. Pandemis, Hiibner. Verz. bek. Schmett.,p. 388 (1816). 242. Pandemis gavisana. Pandemis gavisana. Walker, Lep. Het. XXVIII., ^. 312, n. 14 (1863). New Zealand {Bolton). Type. B.M. Genus 92. Cacoecia, Hiibner. Verz. bek. Schmett.,p. 388 (1816). 243. Cacoecia ? gallicolens, n. sp. Primaries same form as C. podajia ; secondaries with outer margin more arched in the middle ; darker or lighter clay-coloured reticulated with fuscous, two transverse dusky parallel streaks, the outer one crossing the disco- ceUuiars of both wings (under a lens these streaks disap- pear, leaving only a spot at terminations of discoidal cells) ; a dusky subapical costal spot on primaries ; body above clay-coloured, pterygodes dusky : wings below paler, the reticulations and transverse bands red-brown, well-defined, a blackish grey spot on discocellulars : body paler than above ; expanse of wings 9 to Hi lines. This species may possibly be referable to a distinct genus, but the specimens are not in sufficiently good con- dition to enable me to assert positively that they are dis- tinct from Caoecia ; the secondaries are certainly wider than in any species that I have seen, the outer margin being more distinctly waved ; the palpi are wanting, and the wings, in my larger example, somewhat folded so as to obscure the neuratiou. 47 The history of this species is very interesting as it seems to be a gall-producer, several species of Tortricidce are known to breed in gaUs of other insects, but this little moth is an independent animal ; it has been handed over to me for description by Mr. Albert Miiller, the present Director of the Zoological Gardens at Basle, having been received by him from Mr. C. M. Wakefield of Christchurch. The following is an extract from the letter which accom- panied the galls and specimens — • " Christchurch, New Zealand, " September 27th, 1873. " By this mail I am forwarding to you a little box, con- taining a number of galls, which, I trust, will be interesting to you. Amongst them you will find a glass tube, contain- ing two moths and two ichneumons which were bred from similar galls last year ; unfortunately, I forgot them until it was too late, and they are, I fear, too much damaged for you to describe from. The galls however contain larvaj, which may perhaps live and be bred out on the voyage. " They are very abundant, and occur on a rather pretty creeping plant of which I do not know the name. . . . The galls in the box were only gathered last week." Unfortunately no moths were bred out on the voyage ; the letter reached England Jan. 12th, 1873, and the pupje in situ are evidently dead. The larva seems to feed upon the pith and causes the stem to swell, so as to produce a fusiform gall ; it forms a light silk coccoon within the centre of the swelling, the frass being apparently gummed on to the thread ; the chry- salis is of a bright mahogany colour and about 3i lines in length. The large round hole through which the insect escapes is evidently produced by the larva. The ichneumon Hy parasitic upon this species, belongs to tlie genus Mesoleptiis* , it is more nearly allied to M. atomator than to any other described species, but differs in its more slender build, in having the scutellum and post- scuteUum black like the remainder of the thorax ; the basal two-thirds of the first segment of abdomen black ; the an- tennae jet black and the entire insect darker in colour t ; expanse of wings 5 J lines. I propose to name this little species 3f. Mulleri. Genus 93. Batodes, Gue'nde. 244. Batodes Jactatana. Batodes Jactatana, Walker, Lep. Ret. XXVIIL, p. 317, n. 6 (1863). Auckland {Oxley) ; New Zealand {Colenso). Type. B.M. Genus 94. Tortrix, Treitschke. Eur. Schmett. Mil., p. 228 (1829). 245. Tortrix? innotatana. Tortrix ? innotatana, Walker, Lep. Eet. XXVIIL, p. 333, n. 61 (1863). * I have to thank Mr. F. Smith for referring me to the genus. Auckland (Oxley). I am unable to decide whether or not the species is a true Tortrix, as I have not seen the type. Genus 95. Sciaphila, Treitschke. Eur. Schmett., Nil., p. 233 (1829). 246. Sciaphila flexivittana. Sciaphila flexivittana. Walker, Lep. Het. XXVIIL, p. 353, n. 67 (1863). Auckland (Bolton). Type. B.M. 247. Sciaphila transtrigana. Sciaphila transtrigana. Walker, Lep. Het. XXVIIL,/). 354, n. 68 (1863). Auckland (Oxlen). Type. B.M. 248. Sciaphila turbulentaka. Sciaphila turbulentana, Walker, Lep. Het. XXVIIL, p. 355, n. 69 (1863). Auckland (Oxley). Type. B.M. 249. Sciaphila detritana. Sciaphila detritaua. Walker, Lep. Het. XXVIIL, p. 356, n. 71 (1863). New Zealand (Bolton). Type. B.M. 250. Sciaphila servilisana. Sciaphila servilisana. Walker, Lep. Het. XXVIIL, p. 356, 7!. 72 (1863). New Zealand (Bolton). T}'pe. B.M. 251. Sciaphila isfimana. Sciaphila infimana, Walker, Lep. Het. XXVIIL,^. 357, n. 74 (1863), XXX., ^. 986 (1864). New Zealand (Bolton). Type. B.M. A small obscure species. 252. Sciaphila saxana. Sciaphila saxana, Walker, Lep. Het. XXVIIL, p. 357, n 75 (1863). New Zealand (Bolton). T>i)e. B.M. Genus 96. Olindia, Guinea. 253. Olindia? vetustana. Olindia ? vetustana. Walker, Lep. Het. XXVIIL, p. 358, 11. 4 (1863). New Zealand (Bolton). Type. B.M. A pretty white and brown species. t This may be due to the manner in which the specimens were killed. 48 Genus 97. Conchylis, Sodoffsky. Bull. Mosc, p. 22(1837). 254. Conchylis plagiatana. Conchylis plagiatana, Walker, Lep. Het. XXVIII.,^. 370. n. 131 (1863). Auckland {Oxley). Type. B.M. 255. Conchylis leucaniana. Conchylis leucaniana, Walker, Lep. Het. XXVIII. , p. 370, n. 132 (1863). New Zealand {Bolton, Sinclair). Type. B.M 256. Conchylis recusana. Conchylis recusana. Walker, Lep. Het. XXVIII., p. 371, n. 133 (1863). New Zealand (Bolton). Type. B.M. 257. Conchylis marginana. Conchylis marginana. Walker, Lep. Het. XXVIII., p. 371, n. 134 (1863). New Zealand {Bolton). Type. B.M. Genus 98. PiEDiscA, Treitschke. Eur. Schmett. VIII., p. 188 (1830). 258. PiEDISCA LUCIPLAGANA. Paedisca luciplagana. Walker, Lep. Het. XXVIII., ^. 381, n. 83 (1863). Auckland (Oxley). Type. B.M. 259. PiEDISCA PRIVATANA. Paedisca privatana. Walker, Lep. Het. XXVIII., p. 382, n. 85 (1863). New Zealand (Bolton). Type. B.M. This seems allied to Teras priscaria, antiquana, con- gestana, and Maoriana, but I have not sufficiently studied the group to say whether or not it is referable to that genus. Genus 99. Gkapholita abnegatana. Eur. Schmett. VII., I., p. 231 (1829). 260. Grapholita abnegatana. Grapholita abnegatana. Walker, Lep. Het. XXX., v. 991 (1864). New Zealand (Bolton). '^JV^- B.M. Genus 100. Argua, Walker. Lep. Het. XXVIII., ;^. 448, gen. 63 (1863). 2C1. Argua scabra. Argua scabra. Walker, Lev. Het. XXVIIL, p. 448, n. 1 (1863). Aucklauf' (Oxley). Type. B.M. Genus 101. SiMAiiTHls, Leach. Sam. Camp., p. 254 (1819). 262. Simaethis combinatana. Simaethis combinatana, Walker, Lep. Het. XXX., p. 456, n. 15 (1864). New Zealand (Bolton). Type. B.M. 263. Simaethis? abstitella. Simaethis ? abstitella. Walker, Lep. Het. XXX., p. 997 (1864). New Zealand (Bolton). Type. B.M. Tribe 8. TiNEiTES, Latreille. Family 39. Tineid^, LeacL Sam. Comp.,p. 248 (1819). Genus 102. Tinea, Fabricius. Syst.Ent.,p. 655 (1775). 264. Tinea rectella. Tinea rectella. Walker, Lep. Het. XXVIIL,^. 482, n. 91 (1863). Auckland (Oxley) ; New Zealand (Ross). Type. B.M. 265. Tinea certella. Tinea certella, Walker, Lep. Het. XXVIII., p. 484, n. 95 (1863). New Zealand (Bolton). Type. B.M. 266. Tinea plagiatella. Tinea plagiatella. Walker, Lep. Het. XXVIIL, p. 485, n. 96 (1863). New Zealand (Bolton). Type. B.M. 267. Tinea admotella. Tinea admotella, Walker, Lep. Het. XXVIIL, p. 485, n. 97 (1863). New Zealand (Bolton). Type. B.M. 268. Tinea ? derogatella. Tinea ? derogatella, Walker, Lep. Het. XXVIIL, p. 485, n. 98 (1863). Auckland (Oxley). Type. B.M. 269. Tinea bisignella. Tinea bisignella, Wlh, Lep. Het. XXX.,p. 1007 (1864). Auckland (Oxley). Type. B.M. 270. Tinea pusilella. Tinea pusilella. Walker, Lep. Het. XXX., p. 1008 (1864). New Zealand (Bolton). Type. B.M. 49 271. Tinea Maoriella. Tinea Maoriella, Wlk, Lep. Het. XXX., p. 1008 (18G4) New Zealand {Bolto7i). Type. E.M. 371 (18G4). New Zealand {Bolton 279. Gelechia intactella. Geleclua intactella, Walker, Lep. Eet. XXIX., p. 652, n. Type. B.M. 272. Tinea contactella. Tinea contactella, Walker, Lep. Hut. Suppl. V., p. 181.3 (1866). Auckland (Oxleij). Type. B.M. A little grey and white species. Genus 103. Incurvaria, Haworth. Lep. Brit, pt. IV., p. 659 (1828). 273. Incurvaria basella. Incurvaria basella. Walker, Lep. Hct. XXVIIL, p. 492, n. 19 (1863). New Zealand {Bolton). Type. B.M. Genus 104. Sabatinca, Walker. Lep. Het. XXVIIL,^. bll, gen. 26 (1863). 274. Sabatinca incongruella. Sabatinca incongruella. Walker, Lep. Het. XXVIIL, p. 511, n. 1 (1863). Auckland {Oxlcy). Type. B.M. Genus 105. Cerostoma, Latreille. ^is<./7is. III., ^.416 (1802). 275. Cerostoma terminella. 280. Gelechia monospilella. Gelechia monospilella. Walker, Lep. Het. XXIX., p. 653, 372 (1864). New Zealand {Bolton). Type. B.M. 281. Gelechia adapertell.a.. Gelechia adapertella. Walker, Lep. Het. XXIX., ^. 653, n. 373 (1864). New Zealand {Bolton). Type much damaged. B.M. 282. Gelechia adreptella. Gelechia adreptella. Walker, Lep. Het. XXIX., p. 654, a. 374 (1864). New Zealand {Bolton). Type. B.M. 283. Gelechia sublitella. Gelechia subUtella, Walker, Lep. Het. XXIX., p. 654, n. 375 (1864). New Zealand {Sinclair). Type. B.M. 284. Gelechia deamatella. Gelechia deamateUa, Walker, Lep. Het. XXIX., p. 654, n. 376 (1864). Auckland {Oxley). Type. B.M. 285. Gelechia flavidella. Gelechia flavidella, Walker, Lep. Het. XXIX., 2^. 655, a. Cerostoma terminella. Walker, Lep. Het. XXVIIL, j9. 548, 377 (1864). n. 20 (186.3). New Zealand {Bolton). Type. B.M. New Zealand {Bolton). Type. BM. 276. Cerostoma fulguratella. Cerostoma fulguratella. Walker, Lep. Het. XXVIIL, p. 548, n. 21 (1863). Auckland {Oxley). Type. B.M. Genus 106. Gelechia, Hiibner. Verz. hek. Schmett.,p. 415 (1816). 277. Gelechia conspicuella. Gelechia conspicuella. Walker, Lep. Het. XXIX., p. 651, n. 369 (1864). Auckland {Oxley). Type. B.M. 278. Gelechia innotella. Gelechia innotella. Walker, Lep. Het. XXIX., p. 652, n. 370 (1864). New Zealand {Bolton). Type. B.M. 286. Gelechia collitella. Gelechia collitella. Walker, Lep. Het. XXIX., p. 655, 378 (1864). New Zealand {Bolton). Type. B.M. 287. Gelechia convulsella. Gelechia convulseUa, Walker, Lep. Het. XXIX., p. 656, n. 379 (1864). Auckland {Oxley). Type. B.M. 288. Gelechia contextella. Gelechia conte.xtella. Walker, Lep. Het. XXIX., p. 656, n. 380 (1864). Auckland {Oxley). Type. B.M. 289. Gelechia contritella. Gelechia contritella. Walker, Lep. Het. XXIX., jj. 657, n. 381 (1864). Auckland {Oxley). Type. B.M. 0 50 290. Gelechia subditella. Gelechia subditella. Walker, Lep. Ret. XXIX., p. 657, n. .'582 (1864). New Zealand (Boss). Type. B.M. 299. (ECOPHORA HAMATELLA. (Ecopliora hamatella, Walker, Lep. Hd. XXIX., p. 700, 97 (1864). Auckland {Oxley). Type. B.M. 291. Gelechia bifaciella. Gelechia bifaciella, Walker, Lep. Set. XXIX., p. 657, n. 383 (1864). New Zealand {Bolton). Type. B.M. 292. Gelechia peroneanella. Gelechia peroneanella. Walker, Lep. Ret. XXIX., p. 658, V. 384 (1864). New Zealand {Bolton) ; Auckland {Oxley). Type. B.M. A very pretty black-speckled green species. Genus 108. Cryptolechia, Zeller. 300. Cryptolechia coarctatella. Cryptolechia coarctatella, Walker, Lep. Ret. XXIX., p. 768, 11. 153 (1863). Auckland {Oxley). Type. B.M. 301. Cryptolechia colligatella. Cryptolechia colligatella, Walker, Lep. Ret. XXIX., p. 768, n. 154 (1863). New Zealand {Bolton). Type. B.M. 293. Gelechia apparitella. Gelechia apparitella. Walker, Lep. Ret. XXX., p. 1027 (1864). New Zealand {Bolton). Type. B.M. 294. Gelechia copiosell.4.. Crelechia copiosella, Walker, Lep. Ret. XXX., ;;. 1028, (1864). Auckland {Oiiey). Type. B.M. Genus 107. OScophora, Latreille. Pric. d. car., p. 146 (1796). 295. ffiCOPHORA apertella. (Ecophora apertella, Walker, Lep. Ret. XXIX., p. 698, n. 93 (1864). Auckland {Oxley). Type. B.M. 296. OECOPHORA armigerella. (Ecophora armigerella. Walker, Lep. Ret. XXIX., j). 698, ,1. 94 (1864). New Zealand {Bolton). This .species is unknown to me. 297. QiCOPHORA ADEMPTELLA. (Ecophora ademptella. Walker, Lep. Ret. XXIX., ;x 698, «. 95 (1864). New Zealand {Bolton). Type. B.M. Gnly the primaries and thorax of the type remain. 302. Cryptolechia lichenella. Cryptolechia lichenella, Walker, Lep. Ret. XXIX., p. im, n. 155 (1863). New Zealand {Sinclair). Type. B.M. Very like the species of the genus Ryponomexita. Genus 109. Izatha, Walker. Lep. Ret. XXIX., ^^ 786, gen. 74 (1863). 303. IZATHA attactella. Izatha attactella, Walker, Lep. Ret. XXIX., p. 787, n. 1 (1863). New Zealand {Bolton, Sinclair). Type. B.M. Genus 110. Tixgena, "Walker. Lej}. Ret. XXIX., p. 809, gen. 102 (1864). 304. Tixgena bifaciella. Tiiigena bifaciella, Walker, Lep. Ret. XXIX, p. 810 » 1 (1864). New Zealand {Bolton). ■ Type. B.M. Genus 111. Vanicela, Walker. Lej). Ret. XXX., p. 1039, (1864). 305. Vanicela disjunctella. Vanicela disjunctella. Walker, Lep. Ret. XXX., p. 1039 (1864). New Zealand {Bolton). I have not seen the type. 298. (Ecophora picarella. (Ecophora picarella. Walker, Lep. Ret. XXIX., p. 699, n. 96 (1864). New Zealand {Churton) ; Auckland {Oxley). Type. B.M. Family 40. Glyphypterygid/E, Staintou. Man. Brit. Moths II., p. 362 (1859). Genus 112. Glyphypteryx, Hiibuer. Verz. hek Schmett., p, 421 (1816). 5i 306. Glyphypteryx exteknella. Glyphypteryx exteruella, Walker, Lep. Hd. XXX., p. 841, n. 9 (1864). New Zealand {Bolton). Type ? IJ.M. The only example in the collection is from Auckland and measures only 5 lines in expanse of wings. 307. Glyphypteryx scintelella. Glyphypteryx scintelella. Walker, Lcp. Hd. XXX., p. 841, n. 10 (1864). New Zealand {Bolton). Type. B.M. Family 41. Argyresthid^, Stainton. Man. Brit. Moths II., p. 368 (1859). Genus 113. Argyresthia, Hiibner. Verz. bek. Schmett., p. 422 (1816). 308. Argyresthia transversella. Argyresthia transversella, Walker, Lep. Het. XXX., p. 849, n. 35 (1864). Auckland (Oxley). The type of this species is missing. 309. Argyresthia stilbella. Argyrosetia stilbella, DonUeday, Dicff. N. Zeal. App., p. 289, n. 132 (1843). Argyresthia stilbella. Walker, Lep. Het. XXX., p). 849, n. 36 (1864). New Zealand {Sindair). The type is Family 42. Gragilariid^., Stainton. Man. Brit. Moths II., p. 374 (1859). Genus 114. Gracilaru, Haworth. Lep. Brit.,pt. lY.,p. 527 (1828). 310. Gracilaria frontella. Gracilaria frontella. Walker, Lcp. Het. XXX., p. 856, n. 41 (1864). New Zealand {Bolton). The type is missing. 311. Gracilaria arenosella. Gracilaria arenosella, Walker, Lep. Het. XXX., p. 857, n. 42 (1864). New Zealand {Bolton). Type. B.M. Family 43. Elachistiua;, Stainton. Man. Brit. Moths II., /;. 393 (1859). Genus 115. Elaciusta, Treitschkc. Eur. Schmett. IX., 2, p. 177 (1833j. 312. Elachista subpavonella. Elachista subitavonella. Walker, Ijcp. Hd. XXX., p. 898, n. 94 (1864). New Zealand {Sindair, Bolton). The specimens are missing. Family 44. Fterophorid^, Zeller. Isis, p. 755 (1841). Genus 116. Platyptilus, ZeUer. Jsis,p. 764 (1841). 313. Platyptilus falcatalis. Platyptilus falcatalis. Walker, Lep. Het. XXX., p. 931, n. 15 (1864). Auckland {Oxleij). Type. B.M. 314. Platyptilus repletalis. Platyptilus repletalis, Walker, Lcp. Het. XXX., j). \)3l. >i. 16 (1864). New Zealand {Bolton, Sinclair). Type. B.M. Genus 117. Pterophorus, Geoffrey. Hist. d. Ins. II., p. 90 (1764). 315. Pterophorus innotatalis. Pterophorus innotatalis. Walker, Lep. Hd. XXX., j)- 945, n. 57 (1864). Auckland {Oxley). Type. B.M. 316. Pterophorus deprivatalis. Pterophorus deprivatalis. Walker, Lep. Hd. XXX., p. 946, n. 58 (1864). New Zealand {Bolton). Type. B.M. Genus 118. Aciptilus, Zeller. 7sw,^. 768(1841). 317. Aciptilus furcatalis. Aciptilus furcatalis, Walker, Lep. Het. XXX., p. 950, n. 26 (1864). New Zealand {Bolto)i) ; Auckland {O.dcy). Type. B.M. 318. Aciptilus monospilalis. Aciptilus monospilalis. Walker, Lep. Het. XXX., }}. 950, n. 27 (1864). New Zealand {Sindair. Bolton). Type. B.M. T H E ZOOLOGY VOYAGE OF H.M.S. EREBUS & TERROR, UNDER THE COMMAND OE CAPTAIN SIR JAMES CLARK ROSS, R.N., F.R.S., DURING THE YEAES 1839 TO 1843. BV AUTHORITY OF THE LORDS COMMISSIONERS OF THE ADMIRALTY. EDITED liY JOHN RICHARDSON, M.D., F.E.S., &c.; JOHN EDWARD GRAY, Esq., Ph.D., F.R.S., &c. MOLLUSCA. BY EDGAR A. SMITH, E.Z.S., Zoological Department, British Museum. LONDON: E. W. JANSON, 28, MUSEUM STREET, W.C. M.DCCC.LXXIV. MOLLUSCA. By EDGAE a. smith, F.Z.S., of the Zoological Department, British Museum. The four following excellent plates will be very acceptable to Conchologists, as they contain figures of several species (about twenty) which, until the present time, have been known only by descriptions, in some instances very short and insufficient, and also the more interesting as, in thirty-one instances, the actual type specimens are de- lineated. Plates 1 to 3 are devoted exclusively to species belonging to the New Zealand fauna. Four of them are new to science, and three, described some years since, are unrecorded in Von Martens' very useful " Critical List of the Mollusca of New Zealand." Plate 4 includes, with one exception {Helix Mcnlemw), figures of some Australian Land and Freshwater Mollusca of which two appear to be as yet undescrilied. All the species with the exception of Bidimus antvpodum and Vermttvs cariiiifenis are in the British Museum, and those preceded by a * were presented by Sir John Eichardson, M.D., F.E.S. A. Terrestrial Mollusca. Family Helicinid^. * Helicina reticulata. Tab. 4,/. 12. Helicina reticulata, Pfeiffer, Proc. Zoo!. Soc, 18(i2,p. 277. Hal). Blackwood Bay. Australia {Richardson). Family Helicid^. Helix BusBYL Tab. 1, Jig. -i. Helix Busbyi, G-ray, Annals and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1841, VL, p. 317. Halj. New Zealand {Bu^by). The type example presented to the British Museum by Mrs. Dunn is here figured. Helix Dunnm. Tab. I, fig. 7. Helix Dunnise, Gray, Annals and Mag. Nat. Hist, 1841, VI., p. 317. Hab. New Zealand. The specimen here represented, also the gift of Mrs. Dunn to the National Collection, is the type. Helix Kivl Tab. l,fig. 1. Nanina ? kivi, Gray, Dieffenbadis N Z. II., p. 262. Hab, New Zealand {Dr. Sinclair). Helix Mari^. Tab. 1, fig. 2. Naiiina Mari;T?, Gray, Dieffenbach's N. Z. II., p. 262. Hab. New Zealand {Br. Sinclair). Helix coma. Tab. l,fig. 3. Zonites coma, Gray, Birffcnbach's N. Z. II., p. 262. Hab. New Zealand {Br. Sinclair). * Helix nigrilabris. Tab. 4:, fig. 16. Helix (Xanthomelon) nigrilabris, Von Martens, Malak. BUM. XVI., p. 78. H. Edwardsi, Cox, Monog. Austral. Zand Shells, p. 109, pi. 19,/. 3,3a. H. (Galaxias) Meadei, Brazier, P.Z.S., 1870, jj. 662. Hab. Blackwood Bay, N. E. Australia (Richardson). The shell here figured is not a typical example of this species as it lacks the sutural chestnut band, and the thin callous deposit on the body whorl, and the peritreme is of a bright chestnut hue, and only the former part is furnished with granules, which are very small. Helix bipartita. Tab. i,fig. 11. Helix bipartita, F&russac, Hist., pi. 75,/. 1. Hab. North East Australia. * Helix Eichardsonii, sp. n. Tub. 4,/> 14. Shell perforated (jierforation concealed), globosely de- pressed, ratlier thin, finely striated by the lines of growth, whitish, tlie last whorl encircled with ten to twelve palish- brown lines (sometimes in worn specimens these are diaphanous and colourles.s) one of them a little above the periphery being broader, and of a deeper colour than the rest ; spire moderately raised ; whorls -l-J- — 5 slowly in- creasing, the last conspicuously descending near the lip ; aperture very oblique, rhomboidal- lunate ; peristome white, thin, shortly expanded, at the umbilical region spread over the whorl in the form of a thin callosity concealing the perforation and united to the lip above. Greatest diameter 19 mill, smallest 16 ; height 12. Hab. Uupuch's Is., West Coast of Australia {Richardson). This species is allied to H. Reiaga, (.Jray, which is said to come from New Zealand, but I may add that all the specimens in the British Museum, with reliable localities, are from different parts of Australia. From H. Reinga, it differs in being of larger and thinner growth, in the number of the whorls, which are not so convex, being nearly one less, and in having the underside of the last whorl, which is proportionally larger, more flattened, especially at the umbilical region which is over- spread by a broadish thin callosity, united above to the outer lip. The greater deflection of tlie last whorl near the mouth is another notable difference, and the peritreme is thinner and more expanded. * Helix virgata. Tab. 4, fig. 15. Helix virgata, Ba Costa, Brit. Conch., p. 79, pi. 4,/. 7; Jeffreys, Brit. Con. I., p. 210. Hab. Foul Point, North West Coast of Australia. (Rivhardsoii). There are two specimens brought from the above locality, which I cannot distinguish in any particular from this species. This is not the first record of its occurrence in Australia, for a sinistral variety is mentioned by Mr. Gwyn Jeffreys as coming from New South Wales. Its advent there is not to be accounted for with certainty, but possibly it is an introduction of the common European shell, as appears to be the case with ff. nitida, Mtiller. * Helix leptogramma. Tah. 4, fig. \%. Helix leptogramma, Pfeiffer, Mon. Hel. I., p. 322. Hab. Australia {Richardson). * Helix Menkeana. Tab. 4, fig. 9. Helix Menkeana, Pfeiffer, Mon. Hel. I., p. 55. Hab. Cape of Good Hope. {Krauss). The shell here figured is that variety which is of a pale horn-colour, with only the one broad, superior brown band. It was presented by Dr. Kichardsou without a locality. * Helix cyclostom.a.ta. Tab. 4, fig. 13. Helix cyclostomata, Le Guillou, Rev. Zool., 1842, p. 141. H. Tuckeri, Pfr., and H. strangulata, Hombr. & Jacg. Hab. Blackwood Bay, Australia {Richardson). Helix Strangei. Tab. 4, fig. 17. Helix Strangei, Pfeiffer, Mon. Hel. III., p. 98. Hab. Blackwood Bay, York Isles, near Cape York, N. E. Australia {Richardson). Helix millestriata, sp. n. Tab. 4, fig. 5. Shell thin, horn-colour, perspectively umbilicated, de- pressly orbicular, ornamented with very close arcuately- radiating thread-like riblets, which are coarser on the upper than the lower surface, entirely covered with microscopic spiral striations which are continuous on and between the riblets ; spire nearly flat, only slightly elevated ; whorls five, slowly increasing, ratlier convex, separated by a deepish suture, last not descending in front; the umbilicus occupying one-fourth the width of the base ; mouth roundly-lunate ; peristome simple, thin, columellar margin a little dilated above. Greatest diameter 7 mill., smallest 6 ; height 3. Hab. Dupuch's Is., West Australia (Richardson). This small but prettily sculptured species is chiefly characterized by tlie fine riblets, and the microscopic spiral striations, which are not, as in some other .species, interrupted by the riblets, but are continuous over them. The inferior surface is slightly shining, the upper not so. ViTRiNA Freycixeti. Tab. 4, fig. 4. Helixarion Freycineti, Ft'r. Prodr. II., p. 20 ; Hist., pi. 9a,/ 3, 4; pl.%,f 2. Hab. New South Wales. BULIMUS ANTIPODUM. Tab. 1, fig. b. Bulimus antipodum, G-ray, Dieffenbach's N. Z. II., p. 2-47. Hab. Kaitaia, N. Z. (Dieffenbach). This species is here figured for tlie first time. * Bulimus pacificus. Tab. A, fig. 6. Buliinns pacificus, Pfeiffer, Froc. Zool. Soc. 1846,^. 31 ; Mon. Hd. II., 2). 309. Hab. N. W. Australia, Pigeon Is. {Dr. Richardson). Pupa Strangei. Tab. i, fig. S. Pupa Strangei, Pfeiffer, Mon. Hd. III., p. 560. Hab. " Sydney." The above figure does not represent the armature of the aperture quite accurately. Vvyx,sp.n.? Tab. i, fig. 7. Hab. Australia. Tills figure appears to represent an undescriljed species of Pupa ; but during the lapse of time, since the plate was executed, the specimen has been unfortunately crushed and cannot therefore be now characterized. B. Freshwater Mollusca. Family PaludiniD/E. * Paludina australis. Tab. i,fig. 19. Paludina australis, Eeeve, Conch. Icon. XIV., f. 71. Hab. Australia. The shell here represented is immature. Hydrobia antipodum. Tab. I, fig. 19. ola antipodanum, Graij, Dieffenbach's N. Hab. New Zealand {Dr. Sinclair). Type figured. Aninicola antipodanum, Grajj, Dieffenbach's N. Z. II., p. Hydrobia Zelandi^. Tab. I, fig. below 19. Amnicola ? Zelandife, Gray, Dieffenbach's N. Z. II., p. Hab. New Zealand {Dr. Sianger). Type figured. Family Melaniid-ii;. * Melania Australis. Tab. 4, fig. 3. ]\Ielania Australis, Peeve, Conch. Icon. XII., /. 82. Hab. Victoria Ptiver {Richardson). Melanopsis trifasciata. pi. I, figs. 22, 18. Melauopsis trifasciata, Gray, Dieffenbach's N. Z. II., p. 263. M. Zdandica, Gould 1848 ; M. Strangei, Reeve 1860 ; M. Grata, Dunker 1861. Hab. Waitanga Falls, Bay of Islands, N. Zealand. The actual type is represented by fig. 22, fig. 18 repre- senting a very large old specimen with the spire decollated as frequently is the case in this species. Family Unionid.e. * Unio M(_)Ketoxicus. Tab. 4:, fig. 2. Unio moretonicus, Reeve, Conch. Icon. XVI., /. 118. U. Australis, Lamarck ? Anim. s. Vert. ed. 2, VI., p. 546. Hab. Australia (Membridge Kiver). {Richardson). Mycetopus rugatus. Tab. 4, fig. 1. Jlycetopus rugatus, Soiverby, Conch. Icon. XVII., / 7. Hab. Victoria River, N. Australia. Possibly when the animal inhabiting this sliell is examined it will prove to be an Anodonta. The shell scarcely gapes at the anterior extremity. C. Marine Mollusca. Family Cerithiid/E. Cerithidea bigarixata. Tab. I, fig. 20. Cerithium bicarinata. Gray, Dieffenbach's N. Z. II., p. 241. Hab. New Zealand {Dr. Stanger). Type figured. Family Trichotropid.e. Trichotropis clathrata {A. Adams Ms.) Ted). I, fig. 21. Hab. New Zealand {Dr. Sinclair, Colonel Polton, and Dr. Lyall, R.N.) The above name is attached to a specimen in the Cumingian collection, without any locality, which agrees in every particular with specimens from New Zealand col- lected by the gentleman quoted above. The name occurs in Messrs. Adams' list in the " Genera of recent Mollusca " vol. I., p. 280 ; but as I cannot find a description of any species so designated, I append the following : — - Shell shortly fusiform, turreted, very narrowly umbili- cated, of a pale pinkish, or dirty white colour; whorls six, two first convex, smooth, shining, the rest convex, but slightly angulated near the middle, ornamented with a fine can- cellation formed by rather oblique longitudinal fine ribs (about twenty in a whorl) being cut across by spiral lirations (six in the upper whorls, and about twelve in the last) the fourth from the top being a little larger than the rest, and producing the faint angulation near the middle of the whorls ; aperture subcircular, obliquely but shallo\\'ly channelled at tlie base, occupying about half the length of the entire shell ; labrum very slightly exjiaiided ; columella arcuate above, angulated just below the middle by an acute projection and oljlique interiorly, covered by a thin 'callosity which is united to the labrum above and being slightly expanded almost conceals the umbilical fissure. Length, 7 lines, In-eadth 3i, a smaller specimen is 4f lines long and 2-^ broad. The spiral lirations are rather more prominent than the longitudinal ribs, and the three on the superior half of the whorls are finer than those on the lower portion. The points of intersection are faintly nodulous. The figure representing this species is not characteristic, for it is taken from a young example, and the form of the mouth is very different from that of the adult shell. Family Vp^rmetid.?;. Vermetus cariniferus. Tab. I, fig. 23. Vermetus cariniferus, Gvaji, in Dieff. N. Z. 11.,^. 242. Hab. Parengarenga, N. Cape, N. Zealand {Dieffenlacli). Type figured. Family Trochid.e. Tkochus (Axthora) tuberculatus. Tab. 1,/y. G. Polydonta tuberculata, Graij, in Dicffenbach's iV. Z.,p. 239. Hab. New Zealand (Bieffenbach). Type figured Tkdchus (Gibbula) sanguineus. Tab. I, fig. 12. Trochus Gibbium sanguineus, G-ray, in Bieffenbach' s A\ Z. II., _?^ 238. Hab. New Zealand {Br. Stanger). Type figured. Family Patellid^. Patella redimiculum. Tab. l,fig. 24. Patella redimiculum, Eeeve, Conch. Icon. VIII., /. 25a-b and 50a-b. Hal). New Zealand. Distinct from P. radians, Gmelin. Patella denticulata. Tab. I, fig. 24. Patella denticulata, Martyn, Univ. C'o7ich., II., ^j/. 65. Patella raargaritaria, Chemnitz. Hab. New Zealand. Patella antipodum, sp. n. Tab. \,fi(j. 25. Shell rotundately ovate, a little narrowed in front, the apex much inclined anteriorly, placed at a distance of one- fourth of tlie entire length from the front margin, radiately rather finely ribbed, ribs crossed by the fine concentric lines of growth, orange-yellow clouded with white aroimd the middle, varied with ten or eleven black narrow rays placed at nearly equal distances, those in fi-ont being rather more approximated than the rest ; the interior is brilliant pearly orange-yellow, the exterior black rays being visiljle especially at the margin which is finely crenulated. Length 28 mill. ; width 22 ; height 9. Hab. New Zealand. (Presented by Lieut.-Col. Bolton, R.E.) The figure of this species represents the apex decidedly too central. When resting on a fiat surface the anterior and posterior margins only are in contact with it. Tkochus (Labio) subrostratus. Tab. I, fig. 14. Monodonta sulirostrata, Gray in Bieff'. N. Z. II., p. 238 ; Yates K. Z., p. 308. Hab. New Zealand (Bieffenbach). Family Chitonid.e. Chiton (Leptociuton) ^reus. Tab. I, fig. 9. Chiton xrens, Eeere, Conch. Icon. IV., /. 36. Hab. New Zealand. Type in Museum collection. ■ Tkochus (chlorostoma) undulosus. Tab. l,fig. 15. Chlorostoma undulosum, A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1851, p. 182. Hab. New Zealand (Earl). Mr. A. Adams describes tlie colour of this species which appears to have been o\-erlooked by Von Martens in his List of New Zealand Shells as " virescenti." All three specimens in the Cumingian collection are yellowish (luteus). He writes "labro intus sulcato," which refers to the three or four shallow sulcations jdaced far within the ajierture. The dimensions of this species are as follows : greatest height 16 mill; diani. 19. Family Haliotid.e. Haliotis gibba. Tab. I, fig. 16. Haliotis gibba (Philippi?) Eeevc, Conch. Icon. 111.,/. 42. Hal.>. N. Zealand. Chiton (Leptochiton) Sinclairi. Tab. I, fig. 17. Chiton Sinclairi, Gray in Birffcnbach's N. Z. II., j). 263. Hab. Great Barrier Is., N. Zealand. The type is figured. Chiton (ch.etopleura) nobilis. Tab. I, fig. 8. Acanthopleura nobilis. Gray in Bieffenbach' s A'. Z. 11., p. 245. Hab. New Zealand. Chiton (Plaxiphok.v) tekminalis. Tab. I, fig. 13. Placiphora terminalis, Cpr. MS. (in Coll. Cuming) Shell elongately ovate, rather elevated, roundly angled along the top of the valves, black or bluish-black, witli a wliite wedge-shaped stripe with a black one within it down the centre of the valves, forming a continuous white stripe di\-ided by the black one along the centre of the shell, in some specimens with a few short white dashes diverging from the radiating ridges. The intermediate valves mucronated, bisected on each side hy one raised radiating rib, the posterior margins sinuated and thickened by coarse concentric lamellae : the entire suiface is covered with minute striate-wrinkling, those near the ridge being coarser than the rest and radiating from it like the weljs from the shaft of a feather. The posterior terminal valve has the mncro quite terminal. The anterior valve radiately eight-ribbed (at times one or two additional minor ones are present) with diverging oblique striations on each side of them. Interior of valves greenish-blue; valve lobes whitish, the siitus between tliem deep ; the hairs or bristles on the mantle-margin are short, few and horny, those arising from the nine pores being thicker than the rest. Largest specimen (in a contracted state) 42 mill, long : width of valves, 20. An average specimen. Length, 25 mill. ; width, 11. Hab. New Zealand {Col. Bolton and Capt. Stokes). " Terminalis " appears to be but a manuscript name attached to some specimens in the Cumiugian collection. As I understand that Dr. P. P. Carpenter is engaged on a work on Chitonulce I retain the characteristic name he The central white stripe with the black one within it appears to be very constant. Ps.\M.MOBIA LIXEOLATA. Tab. 2,fifj. 11. Psammobia lineolata, Graij in Dieffenhach's N. Z. II., v. 253. Hab. New Zealand. Tellixa glabkella. Tab. '2, Jig. 7. Tellina glabrella, Deshcujes, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1854, p. 366. Hab. New Zealand. Type in Brit. Mus. Family Macti;id.e. Mactra uiscoks. Tab. 2, ///. 4. Mactra discors, Girii/, Anmds and Maij. Nat. Hid. I., 1837, _p. 371. Hab. New Zealand. The above figure is taken from a very young specimen. Mactra (Spisula) ^quilateralis. Tab. 2, fig. 10. Mactra tequilateralis, Dcshayes, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1853, p. 17. M. ajquilatera. Peeve, Conch. Icon. VIII., /. 14 ; Von Martens, List New Zealand Mollusca, p. 44. Hab. New Zealand. Type in Brit. Mus. Family BuLLiD^. Bulla Quqyii. Tab. \,fig. 11. Bulla Quoyii, Ch-ay, in Dicffcnbach's N. Z. II., p. 243. Hab. New Zealand {Dr. Stanger). T}^e figured Haminea Zelandi/E. Tab. I, fig. 10. Bulla Zelandiaj, Gray, in Dieffenbach's N. Z. II., p. 243. Haminea obesa, Sowerby, Conch. Icon. XVI., /. 13. Hab. New Zealand {Dr. Dieffenbach). Type figured. This species is certainly distinct from H. pernphis, Philippi, of which it is considered a .synonym by A. Adams, Thesaurus Conch II., p. 580. See Annals and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1872, IX., p. 347. M.A.CTEA (Staxdella) ovat.\. Tab. 2, fig. 2. Spisula ovata, Gray, Dicfi'enbach's N. Z. 11., p. 251. Halj. West Coast of the North Is., New Zealand {Dieffen- bach). The type is figured. Vaxganella Taylorii. Tab. 2, fig. 5. Vangauella Taylorii, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1851, ^j. 125 ; Ann. and Mag. N. H. 1853, XL, p. 476. Eesania lanceolata, Gray, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist, 1853, XL, ;?. 43. Lutraria lanceolata. Peeve, Conch. Icon. VIII. , / 17. Hab. New Zealand {Pev. P. Taylor). The type specimens presented by the Rev. R. Taylor to the British Museum are not adult, but the one figured is full-gi'own. Family Pholadid.e. Pholadid.ea TRIDEXS. Tab. 2, fig. 8. Talona tridens, Gray in Dieffenbach's N'. Z. II., p. 254. Hab. New Zealand {Dr. Stanger). TyP*^ figured. Family Telllxid.e. Soletellixa nitida. Tab. 2, fig. 9. Psammobia nitida. Gray in Dicfi'enbach's N. Z. II., p. 253. Hab. New Zealand {Dr. Stanger). Taria vextricosa. Tctb. 3, fig. 6. Mesodesma ventricosa, (??•«?/, Dieffenbach's N. Z. II., ^j. 252. Hab. New Zealand. This species must not be confounded with T. lata, Deshayes, which is distinguished at once by the sinus in the pallial line being rather shallow in comparison with that in vcntricosa, which is considerably deeper, and the latter shell is more inequilateral, and has two obsolete keels (in the figure only one is shown) radiating from the uinbones to the margin down the anterior end of the valves, whereas in lata there is but a single obsolete angu- lation. Family Venekid^. DosixiA SUBROSEA. Tab. 3, fig. 1. Arthemis siilirosea, Gray, App. Yate's K Z., p. 309. Hab. New Zealand {Yate). The type presented to the National collection by the Church Missionary Society is here figured. Venus oblonga. Tab. 2, fig. 1. Dosinia oblonga, Gray, Dieffenbach's iV. Z. II., 2^- 249 (1S42). Venus oblonga, Hanky, Suppl. Index Test., pi. 16,/. 1. rar. Dosinia Zelandica, Gray, pi. 3, /. 5, App. Yate's N. Z., p. 309. Hab. New Zealand. The latter variety, the type of which is in the British Museum, presented by the Church Missionary Society, differs from the usual form only in being of a more rounded sha])e. Although Zelandica was described seven years previous to ohlonga it is advisable to retain the latter name because the shells to which it is applied are of the common form of the species, and also because the former name has been used already by Quoy and Gaimard for another species, and although this is a synonym of Venus Stutch- biirii. Gray, nevertheless for the foregoing reasons it certainly is preferable to retain the name ohlonga. Venus (Chione) Yatei. Tab. ?>,fig. 11. Venus Yatei, G^-ay, Yate's N. Z, p. 309. Hab. New Zealand (Yate). The type presented by the Church Missionary Society to the National Museum is figured. Vexus (Chione) Stutchburii. Tab. 3, fi^. 4. Venus Stutchburii, Gray, Wood's Index Test. Siipjil. pi. 2,/. 4. Hab. New Zealand. Veneuupis reflexa. Tab. 2, fig. 3. Venerupis reflexa, Gi-ay, Dieffenbach's N. Z. II., p. 250. V. •p&\\\)evcvi\a., Dcshayes, Proc. Zool. Socl^ioi, p. 5. Hab. New Zealand {Dicffenhach). Type figured. As surmised Ijy Von IMartens, List MoUusca New Zeal., p. 4(5, there can be no doubt of the identity of the above two species, for on comparing the actual types, both of which are in the Museum collection, not the slightest difference is traceable. Fig. 3 on pi. 3 aj)pears to represent a species of this genus intermediate between refiexa and V. Siliqua, Desh., which differs chiefly from the former in being of a more elongated form. Venerupis elegans. Tab. 2, fig. 6. Venerupis elegans. Desk, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1853, v. 5, vl. 18,/. 2. Hab. New Zealand. Type in Brit. Mus. Family TJNGULlKlD.^i. DiPLoiiijNTA Zelandica. Tab. 'S,fig. 8. Lucina Zelandica, Gray, App. Yate's K Z., p. 309. Hab. New Zealand. Presented by the Church Mis- sionary Society. Type figured. Family Mytilid.e. LiTHODOMUS TRUNCATUS. Trih. 2,fi'.g. 12. Lithodomus truncatus, Gray, Dirffenhach's K. Z., p. 259. Hab. New Zealand {Dr. Stanger). Type figuied. Family Nuculida'. NUCULA STRANGEI. Tab. 2, fig. 14. Nucula Strangei, A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1856, p. 52. Hab. New Zealand. Family Ledid.b. Neilo Australis. Tab. 2, fig. 13. Nucula Axistralis, Q. and G. Voy. Astrolabe, pi. 78,/ 5-10. Hab. New Zealand. Family Solemyid^e. SOLEMYA Parkinsonii (Gray Ms) Tab. Z,fig. 1. Hab. New Zealand (Col. Bolton, Capt. Stokes, Dieffenbach, The above appears to be but a manuscript name attached to specimens in the British Museum and Cumingian col- lections, and I retain it as certain characters observable in the New Zealand shells may be sufficient to distinguish them from those occurring in South Australia (S. Australis, Lamarck). The form of the two species is very similar and the character of the epidermis alike, except that that of Parksonii is rather darker and sometimes marked with interrupted rays of black. But the cliief differences are to be observed within. In S. Australis there exists in each valve a single cardinal tooth, or better callosity, broad and spreading at the dorsal margin of the valve and gi-adually thinning as it extends arcuately into it ; behind this callosity towards the anterior end or longer portion of the shell there is a thin rather broadish lobe-like expansion of the ligament placed in a corresponding shallow depression. The posterior muscular scar is roundly pear-shaped. In S. Parkinsonii the dental callosity is moderately broad and produced acutely towards the shorter or posterior side of the valve and not truncated as in Australis, the exten- sion of it within the valve is thin nearly separated from it at the base by a depression ; the transverse expansion of the ligament is elongate and narrow ; the posterior muscular scar is narrower than in the Australian species. These differences are quite constant in the twenty examples of Parkinsonii and four oi Australia which have been examined. Family Pectixid^e. Pectex Zelaxdi.'E. Tah. 3, fig. 7. Pecten Zelaudiffi, ff/w/, Bicffeiihach's Ncv) Zeal., p. 260. P. Zelandicus, {Gray) Von Marteris, List Moll. New Zml., 50. Hab. Xew Zealand {Dr. Stangcr). Type figured. Family Ostreid.e. OsTREA PiscoiDEA. Tab. 2, fig. in. Ostrea discoidea, Gould? Proc. Bo.ftmi Soc. N. II. III., p. 347. Hab. New Zealand. The above figure is referred to this species with con- siderable hesitation and doubt. Family Anomiid/E. Anomia (Placunanomia) Zelandica. Tah. ■i,.fig. 10. Anomia Zelandica, Gray, Dieffcnbach's N. Z. II., p. 260. Hab. New Zealand {Br. Stangcr). Tj'pe figured. TJie figuie below fig. 9 represents the scar of the plug in the lower valve. I am unable to refer fig. 9 to this or any other species. J o < o •*■ ' t' lib ! t. 1 'V = 3 "'-tr f ^:f- / ,'t4 \ . ?!^f '>ki .y-^^ i \ 1 < < O O s W A o o g w X) ^ ^ ^> ,'3^*^^*r^, £^^7^-^- ^^^4^ ^--jssa*-*-*.. %«*»^^*'"*-' -fDFI, fl. WAT.l 1. PHYLLURUS INERMIS. 3. ,, MYLIUSII. ;, ,, PLATURUS. t^M;^ Si^^^ m. f^.:^:....: f' ^ Ck-. Dravm. on Stone 1; y V'." U Ivrjiell Rg,L2.G0BIUS BYNdENSIS..Hg3.4. GOBIUS CRINIGER. Fig.5.6, GOBIUS LENTIGINOSUS Jrisii nate Z . "''^^■ Pimteil liy C HullmaiLiiel . Drawn oil Stonely WMldLell R,1.2.ELE0TRIS MOGURl^IDA. R,. 3.4 KOTOTHEKIi^. PURTURICEPS. F.g.5.6.ELEOTIlIS GOBIOIDES. j^m )% -t f'$ I i. ..^^^^ml rjj^*'^' ' Fish Hate Drawn on Stoiieiy W-Mitchell. ,:.:i,alj Hg.i 2,3. HARJA&IFERBISPimS Fig 4 6 CALLIONYMUS CALAUROPOMUS Pi-sh I'laieS. ^»m^ *^». ^^■^^^ Drawn on Stone ty W. Mitc Prmtcd "by Huihn.ajud.d- &. Wallou Pig:1.2,BATBACHUSDIEMENSIS Rg S PAGETODES Rg 4 5 NOTOTHENIA CORNUCOLA "fisb Driwa M Stone by W Mitchell. PtmtediyHuUmandel h Waltoa. Figl CHEIRONECTES TRISI&NATUS. Pig- 2, CH; POLITUS. Fig- 3.4. CH:VITTATUS. 'm^^x. .;<-^^^,....^ -^^' \\^ Dra-Mi on Stono hjlff, MlBiliell. Hulmsmiel fe Walton Lilko| Fi(5 1.2 TSrOTOTHENIA SIMA 3,4- HOTOTHENIA CORJSIUCOLA 5 ,6. NOTOTHENIA VIP, GATA. PlateXU. C<^s %,- '^Z ''\yn ^^< Diaam on Stone iy^" MucLell Fig L.2 M"OTO Huflmsaiel Ik.'Walloii iriu^rajli«ES THENI^ MAELGmi^Ti^., 5 ^.KOTOTHENIA TESSELLATA 5.6.7 HAIlPAGirERPALLlOUVTUS a. 9. HARPAGrlFER BISPINIS >. }■? I ;# ^ -"^ --»;^!!^. .12 SCORP^NA MILITARIS Fig 3. 4-. 5. SCORP^-CNA BYNOENSIS 'aj|.:- ^i'. >tjj'/rf' '^^^W. >c^ri^w " / ^ k \ ': i. .^*^■^>i«feMi^ w:^ y^. ':^ti^^ ^rg^ i^,::0^ ,, f '' ^St^^^^^X ^■ '^ si ^ % t*V A ,# " . HulmanjwIfc'Walton. Fig.l2 34-^TRIGLA PLEURACANTHICA Kg 6G DIA GRAMMA? POROSA^ ,V\:\ DtaTOi on. Stone ij W. Mitdiell- pimiediry HaJlmaiiiiei A ".■.'altori , Fig 1.2 PLATYCEPHALUS TASMANIUS. 3.4^5. DATNIA CAUDAVITTATA. ^ // X UViV.^^ •*^' % r^A-p-'^ Drawi. on Stone by WMitcheU Fiel.2..3 ELEGINUS FALKLAl^DICUS 4r, fi, 6 ^ CENTOPRISTES 3ALAR F-cinted>,j IT-ujltnandel it'Wal'.rm- 4c3 ^.^{^ ^ ? * ^.% >i>:X^^ w C^^^ ^ ^3 fli 'iis*: ^ ^ 'lil ^1 I Jf 1 \/^/>H ^^^:^.5*^ /.' ■"^^^^e^^ MY CT O ru u M L-O Ml I b C./viM .-5 . 1 Ih 17,:U). l,J\MPA.NYCTaS HESH.h, A. i o Vl; JVI \ /^^ If i^^ 2 ' I i=) CO U] \si:fd:.t^M4i \: n:- Mm Uj^^^ ^^s ^ \ ' Fisli Place 35, •J Inllmajidi iitlWtonlitlio|TljKa:s. "^^""^"""'^Hg" SETTIiS ARGENTEUS. F., 4-6, SCATOPHAGUS MULTIFASCIATUS Fisk Plate 37. HullmaiideL fc Walton Uth-o grapUer.^ Diawn on Stone liyW Mitchell. Figl .3.G-ASTEROCHI5MAMELAMPUS F.g 4. 5 AGRIOPUS LEUCOPCECILUS. Fish. PlcUe 38, Diavra. on Stone iy "V7. MitcLell . HiilliiiaiidjiL fc Waltcai T.iflio graplters Rgl. 2.LOTABRE71USCULA. Fig:3_6. PETROMYZON MOPJ)AX Fig- 7_10. CHATOESSUS COME. v%^< m Fis]:i,nale.40 HuUmaH-deL it "Walton Litkograpliers. Hg:l,2 MONACANTHUS &RANLTLATUS. 3,4 M CHINENSIS, 5,6 ALUTARIUS TROSSULUS 7. 8.M0NACANTHUS RUDIS. Dri-wuon Stoiiely"W"MLtci,ell ?ish.,fkte4I Ui-avm on. StoiLe b j W MitcKeli v^l n creNIDE:NS TEPHRiEOFS.p69 Fig- 3. 4 SEBASTE5 PANDUS p 70 HuUmaiLaeL fc Walton Litt-ograpkera Pish. n. 42 ^-*, jf^^^^ *f^y^ «. iW^S&^^^^ ^^'^'.^'"^^ i>;<*^.%^^ ^ *^^, \\\ ^5^ "■1 I r^. 3rawn ou 3x01161x17 MiicbelL. :ig.l_6 '&ALA^vI-\S TRUTTACBTJS.Fig 7_]2 GALAXIAS PJETICUI HiilhnaTidcl S:WaltoiiIj.tliograi."hers 'rjS. Pif5;l3_l8 ATH.EKTWA \'"rGRICAl\rS. ^ »H^E 3) ^ CO 0 0 0 ^ W:l: ^m ^ i .'■.wiiS&-Sf ?«> ^''M ^^' ^•- Fig: 1-3. ARGENTINA FvETROPINWA. Fig 4-8 DATNIA ELLIPTICA, I'lslv Plate 64. -^^ HiiJlmaiidei IfWaltoii LithograplK; ?ig.l,:.^ABfLUS JUCICOLA. Fig:3-6. CENmOPRISTES G-EOR&IANUS. Fig: 7-IZ. HEMEROCCETE S .-vGANTHORHYNCHUS . <ters ng W ODAX LINEATUS n| 6,7 ^-ETHPaNUS CHRYSOSTOMUS Fig 8,9 CHEIRONECTES CA.UDIMAC1JLATU5. 'William'Wi-nd del etllth- Hdlmandel &"WalumLjKograj>lie; 1 PORTUlSrUS CATHARUS. 3- PORTUNUS INTE&RIFRONS. 2, AT^TARCTICUS 4, J UN. 5. CAlsrCER.:NOAffi-ZEALANDM. Tai)-2^ > «^E'^^.■<; vj2>^ /. "^^ "-^^Hi X->i., ■O ^-- F\7.. ■^^^i William. Vfmg del et ]ith.. BiHiua.iil.l ,«. •Walton litkogr^iho 1. XENOCA3.CINUS TUBERCTJIATUS. a. PA&URUS CAVIPES 2. ASTACUS ZEALANDICUS. 4 PAGTIElUS STRIGIMANUS 6. PAG-URTJS COMPTTJS. ,• i' \ i I /; ^^T^vl / ' t^. ^ Bullmaudd It Walton lathograplic: PARANEPHROPS PLA.-NIPRONS. 3 PORCELLAI^A ELON&ATA GALATHEA SUBRU&OSA 4^ CYMOPOLTA JUKESII 6 GEBIA HIRTIFRONS, TaL4 mUiam'Wmg djeLetlillL ibiUiaandel it "Waltoii-Lxt}iograpii.ers 1. AI.OPE PALPALIS. 2 ALPHEUS DORIS ,3 .- NEPTUNUS 4 GALATHEA 6 ALPHEUS DOTO 6. ALOPE. ^ . _ . . THETIS Tabl * 1 CICINDELA LATECINCTA 5 HELCEOTMCIiUo ELAPHROIDES, 9. ELATER ACUTIPENNIS. 2 aCINDELA PARRYL 6, BROSCUS CARENODES lO: ELATER LEVITHORAX^ 3 DEMETRIDA LINEELLA. 7. FERONIA PLANIUSCULA. 11. ELATER CINCTIGER 4 OOPTERUS ROTUNDICOLLIS 8, BROSCUS CEREUS, 12. BOLEOTOPHA&US MTAKCTICU^ 15 OPATRUMTITBERCUIICOSTATUM 14. ADELIUMH/^BPALOIDES Tat. 2. I \ naadeLs I'ataii- Lithotun; 1. EUSOMA ROSSII 5 ODONTRIA STRIATA 9. DENDBOBLAX EABLIANUSS ?, DORCUS SQUAMIDORSIS. 6. CHEIROFLATYS TPvUNCATUS 10 „ .. ? ''^ MITOPHVLLUS IRR0RATU5? 7. STETHASPIS SUTURALIS 11. CHEIROPLATYS PUNCTATUS '. S 8 ODONTRJA CraNAMOMEA 12. CHCERODES TRACHYSCELIDES, ^! rT' ''W 1^ 7 ,./- ^NK^ * ;^^ VI i » * -^^'--l-^^ y « \ l-PKOLAX I' ' _^:D0HDS HYLOBIOIDES- !." KHYNCHODES SAUWDERSII -EDIi^iOTATA"" ~ 6 /^.UTHPdSUS UTCEP.T'JG 10 SCOLOPTERUS FEWICILLATUS i^ ANC1STP.0PTER1I5 QUADRLSPraOSTJS :TT[?YRINIIR SOUAMIGEB.7 DRYOPHTHORUS BITtlBERCULATUSni. STEPHAMOHHYNCHUS CUB.VIPES. 15 OB.OPTERUS COl.lGER- I PHOL^^. rORONATUS. 8. RHIKABIA 6 TITBERCULATA . 12 SCOiOPTERUS BIDEHS lURHYlICHODES URSUr Tab 4 C Hu!lm2n<5d.s Ealeat. W."WuLg lithottat 1 T^nnFBA -vn rnSA 5 COPTOMMA LINEATUM, 9 TETROREA CILIPES ? rn?TO^MA ACUTIPENNE 6 CALLIPRASON MARGINATUM 10 AuAPAWTHIDA PULCHEXLA, I TM nPRASCW SmCLAlRl 7 . PRIOnOPLUS RETICULARIS 11 DORfADIDA BIL0CULAR1&. 4 BiicHYTRIALATEBkSsA.v^.pallid^). 8 OPHRYOPS PALLID US C SulLmanieL's Fateatt. la DEINACRIDA HETERACAWTHA ?. 2 DEINACRIDA THORACICA. b.FRONT OFHEAD OF ?. c ERONT OF HEAD OFc? 3 PHASMA(ACANTH0DERUS)KORRIDUS I 13:LaPETALUPvA,CAP.0VEI 2.C0RDULIA SMITHII . 3. AGRION COLENSONIS 4, 6- FOE_FICULA LITTOREA. 6. PHASMA HOOKEP.I TaL, I ACANTHOSOMABIMACULATUM 2. PEINJTATOMA. i AHMA,) ACULEATA »- CYDNUSLEPTO SPERM! ^". FENTATOMA." J ALL A) DIFFINIS, -- f.i'IOCORlS POLYSTICTICA, . 6^ BHOPALUS ZEALANDICUS. 7. PIRATES EPHIPPI&ER^ a RJIOPALIMOF^PHA OBSCURA. a APHROPHOBJl subvirescens 10 aphrophora TRIMACULATA. U. TERMESINSDLARIS, 12. ANDRENATRICHOPUS, 13 PORMICA ANTARCTICA 14 ASTATAHIGERRIMA 15 TIPULA SENEX, 16. ODONTOMYIA DORSALIS 17 BERIS APICALIS 18 MnSCA(SABCOPllAGA)li^MICA 19. ERISTALIS TRILINEATUS. ^feifc''v.;v^ x^ Wa.T.JiCA!-OEL&-WALT0K,3 PATENT LITKl) TVAT. ' - 'A, -J^! 'K^.^__.^- ^V. ity \ HULLMANPELO -W-AITOK-S PATET LITHO •••7 %. ^sr i^ -% V',7 % "m^ 4. ^,.^^' ^t- !<&.■ HULLttAKDEia-WAJ-TON'S EATENT LITHO TIKT MoLLUgCA llUiWCANDEI. ft WALTON.? PATENT XITHO THfT TAB 2. Jfollifcsca -TEirr lITHOTliTT MOLLUSCA k,X^^->^, ^ .^y-'y^^s .aWALT.arv; patent lith.1 tint pw / ^m ^ <^ % K «!S«i flifir '^J,<= ^i-A^:t-/^ ^^~'-'MWi ^^V:^^% :^*^*^^^t^if^ .^^J^^":^^ '$Mt l?f '6^ /«-'■ -^^l:'-^!^^ MMim^i'^^-^'^'^'- It.v'^/ ^^^•'':^<^ l's'^;>S.:vlP* ^S f'.M? 'm'-^k W^::^^ i'.m %rr\[: