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1001 Tests of Foods,
Beverages and Toilet Accessories
HARRIS ft EWING
DR. WILEY AT WORK
Tried in the balance and found - - - ?
'
1001 Tests
of Foods, Beverages and Toilet
Accessories, Good and Otherwise
Why They Are So
By
Harvey W. Wiley, M.D.
Director, Bureau of Foods, Sanitation and Health,
Good Housekeeping Magazine
Arranged by
Anne Lewis Pierce, M.S.
Formerly Editor, Bureau of Chemistry,
U. 8. Dept. of Agriculture
Hearst's International Library Co.
New York : : 1914
Copyright, 1912, 1913, by
Good Housekeeping Magazine
Copyright, 1914, by
Hearst's International Library Co., Inc.
All rights reserved, including the trans-
lation into foreign languages, including
the Scandinavian,
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.
The chemical and microscopical work lying
back of this report was done under Doctor
Wiley's direction, in the Institute of Industrial
Eesearch, 19th and B Streets, North West,
Washington, D. C., of which Dr. A. S. Cushman
is Director. The detail of the work was super-
vised by Mr. H. C. Puller, whose assistance in
reviewing the data i also acknowledged.
299034
. . Contents
PAGE
The Pure Food Battle Looking Backward and
Forward, Ey H. W. Wiley ix
Key to Method of Rating Products .... xxviii
Classified Lists of Tested Foods, Beverages and Cos-
metics, with Comments
I Baking Powders, Yeasts, Etc 1
II Beverages . 5
Chocolates and Cocoas ...... 5
Coffee and Tea 10
Soft Drinks, Tonics and Medicated Bev-
erages 19
III Biscuits, Cakes, Etc 27
IV Candies 33
V Canned Goods : ( See also Fish and Meats) 41
Fruits (See also Dried Fruits) ... 45
Milk Products, Infant's Foods, Etc. . . 48
Soups, Extracts, Bouillon Cubes, Etc. . 61
Vegetables 66
VI Cereals and Cereal Products .... 72
Breakfast Foods 72
Flours, Meals and Brans 79
Rice 88
Spaghetti and Macaroni 91
VII Condiments 95
VIII Desserts 107
IX Extracts 113
X Fish (Canned, Dried, Etc.) .... 122
CONTENTS
PAGE
XI Fruits (Dried) .126
XII Household Remedies and Disinfectants . 130
XIII Lard, Butters, and their Substitutes . . 145
XIV Meats (Canned, Dried, Etc.) . x > - 149
XV Olive Oils, Etc. . . . . . . . . 153
XVI Preserves, Pickles, Etc . . 157
XVII Sugars and Saccharine Products . . . 163
XVIII Toilet Articles
Cold Creams 173
Hair Tonics, Shampoos, Etc. . 186
Miscellaneous Preparations .... 193
Perfumes 198
Powders 202
Soaps 209
Tooth Powders, Pastes, Etc 216
Index . 225
THE PURE FOOD BATTLE
LOOKING BACKWARD AND FORWARD
FOE a third of a century the fight for pure
food has been waged and the end is not yet.
No great question is ever settled until it is settled
right. The game is not over until one or the
other of the contestants is checkmated. Draws
do not count. During this third of a century it
has been my fortune to be in the thick of the fight,
at first as a private, then through the various
grades of leadership to colonel or even general of
the brigade, and now again in the ranks. This
battle has not, however, been a fight of a personal
character as some late historians assert. It was
and is a struggle for human rights as much as the
Revolution or the Civil War. A battle for the
privilege of going free of robbery and with a
guaranty of health. It has been and is a fight
for the individual right against the vested interest,
of the man against the dollar. My first partici-
pation in the fray was a study of adulteration of
table syrups for the Indiana Board of Health in
1880 and my last (but I hope not final) is this
ix
x THE PURE FOOD BATTLE
book on tested foods, beverages, and cosmetics.
During those thirty-four years I do not believe
that any one caring to know has ever had to ask
which side I am on. From the very first look
into the awful conditions which so generally pre-
vailed, up to the present time, with a survey of
the intolerable evils that still exist, though happily
to a less extent, I have stood always for food
that is food.
The evils of adulteration are not many in kind
but they ramify into hundreds of channels. At
first there was no ethical standard of excellence
among manufacturers of food. If one man put
out a high grade product another could call a low
grade or adulterated article by the same name.
A representative of a great food distributing con-
cern who appeared before the Committee on In-
terstate and Foreign Commerce to protest against
the passage of the pending food bill, declared that
the food industry of the country rested on fraud
and deception. * ' Make us leave preservatives and
coloring matters out of our food," he declared,
"and call our products by the right name and you
will bankrupt every food industry in the country. "
And he was sincere about it too. Dr. Victor C.
Vaughan of the University of Michigan, now Presi-
dent of the American Medical Association, came
THE PURE FOOD BATTLE xi
to Washington and testified to the harmless-
ness of benzoate of soda in food and he was by
no means the only, although the most renowned,
professor who, in the interest of like ingredients,
journeyed to Washington for the same purpose.
Makers of so-called patent medicines sent a pow-
erful lobby to Washington to see to it that the
food and drug bill should never become a law. It
was commonly asserted that patent medicine in-
terests influenced the public press to such an ex-
tent that the bill would never pass as long
as it contained the sections relating to drug
products. The powerful rectifiers of liquors in
this country were a unit in opposing every step
in the passage of a law that would interfere with
making alleged old, mellow, intoxicating bever-
ages bearing the name of the genuine product,
out of alcohol and artificial flavors and colors.
Grocers and druggists sent delegations to protest
against the enactment of any measure that would
prevent the sale of adulterated and debased ar-
ticles or require full weight and measure. Every
man who used alum, coal tar dyes, salicylic acid,
burning sulphur fumes, benzoic acid, copper sul-
phate, saltpeter, saccharin, borax, or other non-
food ingredients in his products joined the solid
phalanx that struggled to prevent the passage of
xii THE PURE FOOD BATTLE
a law which would interfere with these despic-
able means of making money. Manufacturers
and dealers who would gladly have continued to
make pure and properly branded goods were
forced by unfair competition to practice the arts
of adulteration and misbranding.
As the public was led into the knowledge of
these abuses and the pressure began to be felt
looking to their correction, the enemies of pure
food began to cry ' ' muckraking, " " exaggeration, ' '
"publicity bureaus," "yellow journalism," etc.,
seeking to raise a cloud of dust which would hide
the real issue. A campaign of personal denun-
ciation and disparagement was inaugurated of a
magnitude that can only be appreciated by those
whose activities and principles were directed to-
ward the cleaning of the Augean stables of trade.
By the accident of my official position, I had the
good fortune to be the target of a veritable fusil-
lade of poisoned arrows from every trade journal,
newspaper and magazine which the adulterating
interests could control. There was hardly a week
that some interested organization or mercenary
interest did not demand my removal from the pub-
lic service. Detectives were placed on my track
and every possible means employed to prejudice
my scientific standing and official integrity.
THE PURE FOOD BATTLE xiii
Fortunately the more bitter and venomous the
attacks the more rapidly the cause grew and
waxed strong. The Federated Women's Clubs,
the Patrons of Husbandry, the labor organizations
and the medical profession all joined enthusias-
tically the army fighting for pure food. Finally
the first part of the long battle came to a close.
The pure food army gained a complete victory.
On the 30th day of June, 1906, the President of the
United States signed the Act which forbade in-
terstate and foreign commerce in adulterated or
misbranded foods and drugs. Although the first
battle was won the war was not over. The de-
feated squadrons of the unethical and mercenary
interests were driven from the field but they were
not destroyed. What was their next move? To
pervert the purposes of the Act and to control its
execution. Under the provisions of the law the
Bureau of Chemistry of which I was Chief, was
charged with the analysis of all samples for the
purpose of determining whether they were adul-
terated or misbranded. The Bureau of Chemistry
was pledged to one very simple but most impor-
tant principle, namely: "When in doubt protect
the consumer. " The interests pledged to adul-
teration and misbranding were not slow to learn
that they had nothing to hope from a Government
xiv THE PURE FOOD BATTLE
Bureau animated by such an unheard of rule.
They immediately set about devising ways and
means to put the Bureau of Chemistry out of busi-
ness. They secured the appointment of another
body, the Board of Food and Drug Inspection,
charged, in direct contempt of the law, to decide
the question of what was or was not an adul-
teration or misbranding. The decisions of this il-
legal board were by executive order made binding
on the Bureau of Chemistry.
The appointment of this Board was hailed with
shouts of approval by every interest and every
individual who had opposed the enactment of the
law. They were not mistaken. In the most di-
rect and contemptuous manner this Board pro-
ceeded to do the kind of work which it was ap-
pointed to accomplish. But there were certain
difficulties in the way. The Bureau of Chemistry
anticipating the probability of the passage of a
food law had carried on extensive experiments on
young men for a period of several years and had
demonstrated that certain bodies used to preserve
and color foods were injurious to health. These
experiments had shown that boric acid and borax,
salicylic acid and salicylates, sulphurous acid and
sulphites, benzoic acid and benzoates and sulphate
of copper were bodies seriously affecting health
THE PURE FOOD BATTLE xv
and therefore forbidden under the law to be placed
in food. These conclusions so inimical to the in-
terests of those who added them to foods and so
beneficial to the eaters of foods must be set aside.
How was this to be done ? There was no legal way
to accomplish it. The courts could not be de-
pended upon, in fact they were so unmindful of
the vested interests that they were in most cases
actually supporting the findings of the Bureau of
Chemistry. Therefore, resort was again had to
executive action. Without due regard to the pro-
visions of the law questions relating to the ef-
fect of certain of these preservatives on health
were referred to a Commission of Scientific Ex-
perts, established by executive order. Pending
the action of this Commission the adulterators
were permitted to poison the people of the country
ad libitum and the Bureau of Chemistry was di-
rected to bring no action against those who used
these poisonous products.
What followed? A hallelujah chorus from all
the cohorts of adulteration. It was a complete
triumph for the hosts of Satan in so far as offi-
cialdom was concerned. But not so with an out-
raged Public Opinion. The press and the people
and also many food manufacturers rallied in over-
whelming numbers to the support of the Bureau
xvi THE PURE FOOD BATTLE
of Chemistry, hindered and halted. Barely if
ever has there been seen in any country such an
overwhelming condemnation of official acts.
Practically, however, the Janus doors of adul-
teration were wide open to such manufacturers as
chose to use them. To the credit of the American
business man it can be said that comparatively
few availed themselves of this official indulgence
to poison and defraud.
How deadly these concessions to adulteration
have proved to the states that have attempted a
better execution of the law than that instituted
by the National Government, is vividly shown by
an article in the Monthly Bulletin of the Indiana
State Board of Health for December, 1913. The
title of the article is "Benzoate of Soda and Sul-
phites/' and the quotation is as follows:
"After hearing little from these old friends for more
than a year, we are forced to admit that the lessons of
the past have not been sufficiently thorough to protect
our markets, for recent samples of cider have shown the
presence of benzoate of soda, and several samples of
grape juice have been found to be bleached and pre-
served with sulphurous acid. Occasional samples of so-
called Maraschino cherries, tomato catsup and sweet
pickles collected from towns supplied from Cincinnati
and Chicago have also shown these preservatives.
THE PURE FOOD BATTLE xvii
"Two things are evident. We can never relax our
vigilance in the protection of the food supply in the be-
lief that we have reached a pure food millenium, and
further, it is unwise to rely too firmly in the belief
that manufacturers shipping goods into the State are
careful to advise themselves as to our laws before they
take their orders or make shipments."
In about a year the Remsen Board brought in
its first verdict over-ruling the Bureau of Chem-
istry on the benzoate matter, and by official pro-
mulgation the food manufacturers of this country
were promised complete immunity in the use of
benzoic acid and benzoate in any food and in any
quantity they might choose. There is a wide-
spread impression that the quantity permitted is
limited to one-tenth of one per cent. This is not
so. A food manufacturer may put a shovelful of
benzoate into any quantity of food he pleases and
he is promised perfect immunity in so doing. No
more outrageous and intolerable disregard of pub-
lic rights and morals was ever perpetrated by the
most vicious despotism described in the world's
history. After a few years more the Eemsen
Board rendered another decision supporting the
action of the Bureau of Chemistry in declaring
saccharin an unfit ingredient of human food, but
meanwhile during all these years the public was
xviii THE PURE FOOD BATTLE
exposed to its free and unlimited use. Again a
short time ago the Eemsen Board rendered a ver-
dict supporting the contention originally made by
the Bureau of Chemistry, that sulphate of copper
is a poisonous body, and as such should not be
added to food. Thus again the people of this
country were exposed to the dangers of eating
copper salts for five years, simply because adul-
terators demanded a review, hoping for a reversal
of the decision of the Bureau.
The other questions referred to the Eemsen
Board, namely, the effect of sulphurous acids and
sulphites and of alum on health, up to March of
1914, remain unanswered by the Bemsen Board,
or if answered the verdict is sealed in impene-
trable gloom in the Department of Agriculture.
Now for nearly seven years our people have been
exposed to serious injury by the presence of these
poisons in foods, under the high, though illegal,
interpretation of a law enacted to protect the
American people but turned by executive procla-
mation to the protection of adulterators !
This country has for so many years existed in
an atmosphere of the sacred rights of the dollar
that these concessions to Mammon have been
looked upon as the chief function of law and its
interpretation. This sentiment has been still more
THE PURE FOOD BATTLE xix
definitely crystallized by the decisions of the Su-
preme Court, which on the two occasions in which
the purpose of the law to protect the consumer
has been under advisement has ruled adversely to
his interests. The first of these decisions was in
the famous Johnson Cancer Case, in which the
Court ruled that the law against false statements
did not apply to the cure-all claims of the fake
remedy; and the second case, viz., that of the
United States vs. Bleached Flour, that poisons
may be added to food unless the proof of possible
injury to health is convincing.
During these long and unsavory years I tried
to the best of my ability to discharge faithfully the
difficult duties committed to me, in harmony with
the obligations of my solemn oath of office and in
the interest of the American people. In spite of
official disfavor which made my environment par-
ticularly hard and in spite of the bitter denuncia-
tion of a few journals (a mere fraction of the en-
tire press of the country) inspired by a question-
able zeal, I held on, hoping that some change might
come and that the spirit of service to the people
might again enter into the heart of our high rulers.
And what then? Colleagues preferred serious
charges against me without the shadow of a foun-
dation, my superior officers lent a ready ear, I
xx THE PURE FOOD BATTLE
was tried in a Star Chamber without my knowl-
edge and on ex parte evidence, convicted and sen-
tenced to be dismissed from the position that I
had held for nearly thirty years. This outrageous
proceeding attracted the attention of Congress.
A searching investigation of the charges against
me was made and I was unanimously exonerated.
Nevertheless, the men who had falsely and mali-
ciously accused me and manufactured the evidence
on which I was convicted were continued in office
and in favor. As a protest against this condition
of affairs I resigned as Chief of the Bureau of
Chemistry on March 15, 1912.
Within two weeks of that time on April 1, 1912,
I began my work for Good Housekeeping with a
guarantee of academic freedom of expression and
an advisory supervision of the advertisements of
foods, remedies and cosmetics admitted to its col-
umns. No one who has not experienced what I
went through can conceive of the feeling of relief
which I then enjoyed. Coming out of a field in
which all the foremen had been my enemies I
entered a garden of activity in which all the head
men were my friends. In this favorable environ-
ment I have had unrestricted opportunity to carry
on my battle for pure food, finding no enemy to
stab me in the back. In connection with this work
THE PURE FOOD BATTLE xxi
I have had the good fortune with the laboratory
facilities given me by Good Housekeeping to ex-
amine chemically more than a thousand samples
of common foods, beverages, cosmetics and con-
fections. I have also been permitted to criticise
the labels and advertisements by means of which
these products are offered to the consumer. In
the great battle for the right a determined and
methodical assault has been made upon false and
misleading representation to the public. The fake
remedy, the inert appliance, the exaggerated vir-
tue, all are intended to mislead and deceive. Per-
fect candor and truth should characterize all
claims made for all merchandise. The public gaze
is already turned on these faults. The press is
already taking notice. The Associated Advertis-
ing Clubs of the country have undertaken a sys-
tematic campaign against these extravagant and
often harmful misrepresentations. Pure Adver-
tising is fit handmaiden for Pure Food.
These are the objects I have had in view in the
work done under the auspices of Good Housekeep-
ing. The way in which these principles have been
used as measuring rods to guide me in the de-
cisions reached call for a word of explanation that
the scope and results of the work may not be mis-
interpreted and the maximum amount of practical
xxii THE: PURE FOOD BATTLE
good may be done. While these investigations
were undertaken primarily to protect the adver-
tising columns of Good Housekeeping, their deeper
purpose was to render a constructive service to
the cause of pure food and its honest labeling,
merchandising, and advertising. This service
could only be made broadly effective by placing
on record the results of our findings on the thou-
sand or more samples of foods, drug products and
cosmetics that have passed through the laboratory
during the past two years together with the rea-
sons of those decisions. This is for the mutual
advantage of the progressive manufacturer and
the woman buyer who in many cases is groping
blindly in a maze of doubts and fears as to what
is and what is not an adulterated or misbranded
package.
No one can realize more clearly the limitations
and imperfections of such a piece of work than
those who have struggled with the detail of it.
It is urged that such partial lists, of necessity open
to differences of opinion as to their grading, work
injustices, are incomplete and therefore should not
be printed. This does not seem to be an adequate
reason for lacking the courage to take the next
step and submit the work on its merits as far as
it has been carried. No change, no reform, no
THE PURE FOOD BATTLE xxiii
big piece of work has ever been carried through
without minor and incidental hardships, and while
the impossibility of perfection in such an under-
taking is manifest, the doing of it seems none
the less serviceable and worth while, from the
broadest point of view.
Among the difficulties that beset the task are
these: As the chemist and microscopist can not
take the place of the factory inspector, some de-
fects are not disclosed by analysis though pro-
nounced bad conditions might be reflected in the
product. The products of the same company vary
from time to time, or from season to season the
output is not uniform, any more than is the out-
put of the home kitchen, and therefore determina-
tions on one or two samples may be misleading.
This is especially true of goods handled by jobbers,
bought here and there, and labeled with a common
brand or distributor's name. Again an excellent
product may be extravagantly labeled and mis-
leadingly praised, while a mediocre one may be ir-
reproachable in this regard, and the rating must
be balanced to give the sanest and most practical
help to the buyer. These and many other inter-
acting causes make "whitelisting" a thankless
undertaking. This book is not a white list nor a
black list. There are doubtless many products
xxiv THE PURE FOOD BATTLE
not mentioned which are as good as those we have
examined; and no effort was made to find products
to condemn. On the other hand, we sought in the
open market those foods having a general sale and
presumably of the best quality, that the advice
might be positive rather than negative in its char-
acter.
It is something to be able to say definitely that
the representative samples of the products listed,
on which we shared the consumer's luck, are free
from injurious or debasing ingredients, are at
least of standard quality, and in many cases are
superior to the requirements maintained by fed-
eral and state regulations, that the package offers
honest weight or measure, and that the labeling
is not misleading in any essential particular.
And that is what we do say of the "starred" prod-
ucts reported. Occasionally a meaningless flight
of fancy on the label or in the circular matter of a
very fine quality product has been but lightly
scored the most practical service seeming to de-
mand this. Some may think that too much stress
has been laid upon exaggerated claims. But the
importance of insisting on truthful descriptions
of foods, drugs, and cosmetics, their uses and
value, as well as their composition, can not bo
overestimated, whether the statements appear on
THE PURE FOOD BATTLE xxv
the label, in circulars, or in the advertisement.
Otherwise the consumer is hopelessly at the mercy
of the imagination of the label or advertisement
writer, all relative sense of value is lost, and in-
telligent buying is impossible. To permit it in
any marked degree, because the product is other-
wise a good one, halts the whole reform movement,
as it makes competition unfair, the honest man's
sanely described product being overshadowed by
the vocabulary of his business rival. Far reach-
ing and radical changes have been made in the
descriptive material of many well known products,
since the folly of claiming that everything is the
"best" the "most nutritious," the "only thing"
of the kind worth buying, becomes rather striking
when all of these superlatives are gathered to-
gether within a few pages of each other in our
magazines and newspapers. A shrieking chorus
of contradictory superlatives gets no one any-
where, either buyer or seller.
It will be noted that products ranging from 85
to 100 per cent, are starred. Manifestly there
must exist among these minor differences of
quality, the use of more or less expensive packages
and wrapping, etc. A product rated at 85 is not
so near perfection as one rated at 95. An olive
oil, for example, may be pure, meet all the required
xxvi THE PURE FOOD BATTLE
tests and standards, but be less characteristic in
odor and flavor, less distinctive in character than
another. The preference may be largely a matter
of taste and it did not seem practicable to en-
deavor to distinguish any more closely between
grades of excellence than this. The problem is
further complicated by the question of relative
cost. One product may be wholesome, nutritious
or pleasing, and a good bargain at 50 cents, though
not so delicious, nor of quite such high grade
as something of the same kind sold at a dollar.
Plainly this is a question in itself and one that
could be given only secondary consideration in
grading a large number of miscellaneous products.
The housewife must adapt the findings to her own
taste and pocketbook to some extent.
The same questions arise repeatedly in corre-
spondence, concerning certain classes of foods, the
special adulterations to be avoided, the points to
be noted in reading the labels, the standards that a
first class product should attain, and so on. The
introduction to each classified list of products is
intended to cover as briefly and simply as possible
some of these salient points, to aid the judgment
of the housekeeper in general buying and to as-
sist in an intelligent interpretation of the ratings.
One of the many bright lights in the rather thick
THE PURE FOOD BATTLE xxvii
cloud of difficulties that hung about this pioneer
effort was the readiness of most of the leading
manufacturers and advertising men to modify
claims, labels, and advertisements when inconsist-
encies and inaccuracies were brought to their at-
tention. The time is undoubtedly coming when it
will be a confession of inferiority to overrate or
distort the merits and special uses of any com-
modity just as any boaster is self-branded a
light-weight rather than a man of parts. To
hasten the coming of this day, to uphold the hands
of the manufacturers, who in a transition period,
at some sacrifice and under unfair conditions of
competition, are willing to make this advance and
speak the plain truth about an honest product,
depending on merit rather than on language to sell
their goods; and to serve the housekeepers, who
are the buyers of the nation's food and on whose
judgment and wise selection the health of thou-
sands of workers and children largely depend
we offer this report of progress, believing that in
spite of its necessary limitations, it will be useful
to buyer and seller alike. The object is neither
to praise nor to condemn, but to serve. To fur-
nish a stepping stone in the quagmire of doubts
that the food agitation has created, to lay a foun-
dation for further work, to provide the housewife
xxviii THE PURE FOOD BATTLE
with both specific and general information on
mooted points, and above all to give a further im-
petus to the movement toward higher standards
in the manufacture, merchandising, and advertis-
ing of foods, so essential to the well being of all
is the purpose of this book.
H. W. WILEY.
Washington, D. C., March, 1914.
KEY TO METHOD OF RATING PRODUCTS
Starred products (^) are those rated at 85 to 100, represent-
ing high quality and full weight and measure with accurate
labeling and reasonably conservative claims.
(N) indicates a noncommittal rating between 76 and 84, given
to products subject to such criticism, in my judgment, as incor-
rect labeling, slightly short weight, relatively inferior quality,
etc.
Disapproved products (D), rated at 75 and less, are only in a
few instances actually harmful (though some do contain chemical
preservatives, alum, artificial colors, etc., deemed injurious to
health), but are so classed because they are, in my opinion, of
low quality, or are misbranded, or carry grossly exaggerated
claims as to efficiency or nutritive value.
A two-year period (April 1912-1914) is covered by the ex-
amination of these samples. The character of some of the
products may have changed since they were studied, labels and
circulars may have been revised, and wherever such changes
have been brought to our attention we have met the improve-
ment with a reconsideration and re-rating of the product on its
merits. Eatings will be advanced as further improvements are
noted.
1001 Tests of Foods,
Beverages and Toilet Accessories
NOTE: Changes and corrections in ratings and descriptive
matter will be published, as opportunity may offer, in Good
Housekeeping Magazine. All communications concerning such
changes should be addressed to me as Director of the Good
Housekeeping Bureau of Foods, Sanitation and Health, Wood-
ward Building, Washington, D. C.
H. W. WILEY.
1001 TESTS
Classified Lists of Tested Foods, Beverages
and Cosmetics with Comments.
BAKING POWDEES, YEASTS, ETC.
THERE are three kinds of baking powders, the
cream of tartar type; the phosphate pow-
ders; and the alum powders. From the stand-
point of economy, what the housekeeper wants is
the powder with the highest carbon dioxide con-
tent and the minimum of starch or filler necessary
to preserve its strength. High grade powders
contain from 12 to 14 per cent, of carbon dioxide.
Below 10 per cent, is poor quality. All leave a
mineral residue in the bread and for this and other
reasons I believe them to be relatively less health-
ful than the products made with yeast. For con-
venience, for quick use, etc., the baking powders
are unequaled, and the hot bread, cakes, pancakes,
so made fill a permissible role in the menu, if not
" over-worked, "
i
1001 TESTS
The alum powders are the least desirable, there
being grave question as to their wholesomeness.
Between the other two types there is not much to
choose. Two teaspoonfuls of a tartrate powder
leave in a loaf made from a quart of flour,
about 165 grains of Eochelle salts, 45 grains
more than a Seidlitz powder. The phosphate
type leaves in the loaf a still larger amount
of phosphate of lime and phosphate of soda, the
latter being slightly purgative. The alum pow-
ders leave a deposit of hydrate of aluminum and
sulphate of soda, or if phosphate is used, which is
now generally the case, phosphate of aluminum is
also present. There is some difference of opinion
as to the degree of solubility of aluminum salts
and their exact physiological effect. (See p. 4.)
Of late egg albumen has been added to baking
powders, especially alum powders, and claims
made as to the added nutriment so obtained and
the greater efficiency of the powder. The albumen
gives a fine thick foam when mixed with water, and
the demonstrator points this out as evidence of its
greater efficiency. These claims are misleading
and the use of albumen in baking powders has
been prohibited in some States on this ground.
Formerly, many powders contained a slight trace
of either lead (in cream of tartar powders) or
BAKING POWDERS, YEASTS, ETC. 3
arsenic (in phosphate powders), but these bodies
are now practically eliminated from well-made
products.
TESTED BAKING POWDERS, YEASTS, ETC.
, (Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; (N) indicates a
noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products
(D), rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for
details as to method of rating.)
Calumet Baking Powder Company, Chicago, 111.
(D) Calumet Baking Powder. (Contains alum and egg
albumen declared on label. Doubtful if "com-
plete neutralization" of alum is always effected
as claimed.)
Cleveland Baking Powder Company, New York City.
* Cleveland's Superior Baking Powder. (Cream of
tartar type.)
Corby Brothers, Washington, D. C.
* Yeast.
Davis, R. B., Company, Hoboken, N. ST.
(D) Davis 0. K. Baking Powder. (An alum baking
powder, correctly labeled.)
Fleischmann, Company, The, Washington, D. C.
^r Yeast. (Good yeast but starch present, presence
of "tapioca flour" being declared in very small
type.)
Gumbert, S., and Company, Brooklyn, N. Y.
(D) Up-Rise Baking Powder. (Alum baking powder
1001 TESTS
containing egg albumen, and correctly la-
beled.)
Jaques Manufacturing Company, Chicago, 111.
(D) K. C. Baking Powder. (An alum baking pow-
der, accurately labeled.)
Price Baking Powder Company, Chicago, 111.
* Dr. Price's Cream Baking Poyder. (Cream of
tartar type.)
Royal Baking Powder Company, New York City.
* Koyal Baking Powder. (Cream of tartar type,
excellent product but claim "absolutely pure,"
untenable as is always the case.)
Rumford Chemical Works, Providence, R. I.
+ Rumford Baking Powder. (Phosphate type.)
Slade, D. and L., Company, Boston, Mass.
^r Congress Baking Powder. ( Cream of Tartar type. )
* Absolutely Pure Grape Cream of Tartar. (Equal
to Pharmacop&ial standard as claimed, but
phrase "absolutely pure" objectionable.)
* Baking Soda Absolutely Pure Saleratus. (Same.)
(NOTE: Since writing this the Referee Board have rendered
their decision that small amounts (2.31 grains per day) of alum-
inum added to foods are not injurious. Large amounts, however,
produced "an occasional colic"! In my opinion the conditions
were such as to render the results entirely inconclusive. The
Board considered only the aluminum hydrate left in bread by the
use of alum baking powders. This is well known to be the least
injurious of the aluminum compounds. My opinion as to the un-
desirable effects of baking powders in general, when excessively
used, is confirmed by the report of the Remsen Board.)
n
BEVERAGES
CHOCOLATES AND COCOAS
THESE are some of the questions repeatedly
asked in regard to cocoas and chocolates
with their answers.
1. What is the difference between cocoa and
chocolate which is better to use? Cocoa is
merely chocolate from which about half of the fat
has been removed. It has therefore less heat
value but is a better balanced food and is for that
reason preferred for invalids and children, the
chocolate being ' i too rich. ' ' The cocoas have from
20 to 27 per cent, of fat, and the chocolates, 45 to
50 per cent., 45 per cent, being required by the
standard.
2. Is there a poisonous drug called theobromin
in chocolate? There is a trace of caifein and
about 1.8 per cent, of theobromin in cocoa. This
is an alkaloid related to caffein but is generally
conceded to be relatively free from any marked
action on the nerve centers. Further than this
cocoa and chocolate being made with milk and hav-
6 1001 TESTS
ing more food value the stimulating effect of this
ingredient is much decreased. We do not hear
much of the " cocoa habit" or of folks who " can't
get through the day without it. ' '
3. Is an alkali-treated cocoa harmful? Why is
it done? Only about 25 per cent, of cocoa is solu-
ble in water, and the so-called ' ' Dutch process 9 ' or
treating with an alkali, is practiced because it com-
bines with the fat and makes an emulsion, thus ap-
parently increasing the solubility while really it
does not do so at all. The process is not regarded
with general favor, as it increases the mineral con-
stituents, adding about 3 per cent, of alkalies to the
cocoa, but one cannot say that it is actually in-
jurious. The practice is questionable, and the
consumer should be given the benefit of the doubt,
therefore, the presence of these alkalies should al-
ways be plainly declared, that invalids and those of
delicate digestion may avoid such brands. Ex-
travagant claims in regard to the special merits of
the treatment, resulting solubility, digestibility,
etc., are misleading.
4. What is plain or bitter chocolate? This
product should be composed of the roasted,
crushed cocoa nibs only. These nibs contain
over 50 per cent, of fat. The bitter chocolates
of commerce contain from 45 to 49 per cent, of fat
BEVERAGES
only, showing the removal of a small part of the
fat or the addition of some drying substance, such
as sugar or starch.
5. What are the adulterants of cocoas ? Starch
and cocoa shells are sometimes added; iron oxide
is occasionally added to cheap products to color
them ; added sugar is also considered an adulterant
from the standpoint that it is a cheaper product
mixed with the more expensive one for which you
are paying. Sweetened chocolate should be so
labeled. There is practically no adulteration of
brands of any reputation.
TESTED BEVERAGES
(Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; (N) indicates a
noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products
(D), rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for
details as to method of rating.)
TESTED CHOCOLATES AND COCOAS
Baker, Walter, and Company, Dorchester, Mass.
* Breakfast Cocoa. (Claim "absolutely pure" un-
tenable, as always.)
Bensdorp, Amsterdam, Holland. (Bartlett, Stephen L.,
Company.)
(N) Royal Dutch Cocoa. (A good Dutch process
cocoa but presence of added mineral ingredients
makes statement, "Is acknowledged by the lead-
ing authorities to be an absolutely pure cocoa,"
especially objectionable.)
8 1001 TESTS
Blookers, Amsterdam, and New York.
if Blooker's Daalders Cocoa. (Dutch process
per cent, alkali added, properly labeled; good
quality.)
Huyler's, New York.
* Cocoa, Huyler's. (Mineral ingredients slightly
high; not added alkali, however.)
if Premium Chocolate.
Lowney, Walter M. Company, Boston, Mass.
* Breakfast Cocoa. (Good quality. Extravagant
claims. "Unlike any other"; "Of special bene-
fit to those of delicate digestion.")
Maillard, Henry, 35th and Fifth Avenue, New York,
N. Y. ^
* Maillard's Breakfast Cocoa. (Extravagant claims
as to solubility, "absolute purity." No cocoa
is "thoroughly soluble.")
it Maillard 's Premium Chocolate.
peter Cailler Kohler Swiss Chocolates Company, Ful-
ton, N. Y.
^ Breakfast Cocoa. ("Absolutely pure" claim ex-
travagant.)
Phillips, Charles H. Chemical Company, New York.
(N) Phillips Digestible Cocoa. (No right to the claim
of special digestibility; phosphates added, about
20% of sugar and vanilla declared on label.)
BEVERAGES 9
Stollwerck Brothers, Inc., New York.
* Gold Brand Premium Chocolate.
Van Houten and Sons, Holland.
(N) Van Houten 's Famous Cocoa, Unexcelled.
(Greatly exaggerated claims as to improvement
of the product by the Dutch treatment with
alkali.)
Whitman, Stephen F., and Son, Philadelphia, Pa.
* Instantaneous Chocolate. (A sweet chocolate ,
about half sugar, 24% fat. Should be so la-
beled.)
Yours Truly Company, Chicago, Illinois.
* Yours Truly Breakfast Cocoa. (Not (( absolutely
pure/ 9 nothing is.)
(N) Yours Truly Premium Chocolate. (Samples ex-
amined were coated with shellac. No arsenio.
Otherwise good quality.)
COFFEE AND TEA
All that the chemist can do to protect the buyer
of coffee and tea is to assure him that the product
is not faced or artificially colored, does not consist
of dried stems instead of leaves in the case of tea,
or is not coated with injurious substances and
mixed with adulterants such as chicory in the case
of coffee ; to make sure that the amount of extract
yielded is what it should be ; that odor and flavor
are good and that the tea and coffee are free from
dirt. In the case of teas the samples were com-
pared with a set of standard Treasury samples for
grading purposes. These points have been deter-
mined for the samples reported but when it comes
to fine gradations in quality, this is a matter for
the expert and the individual as personal tastes
vary widely and the practice of blending many
different kinds of teas and coffees and selling them
under fancy names, makes it impossible to estab-
lish any more definite standards. This is espe-
cially true in the case of teas. Wide variations in
price exist among some of the starred samples and
corresponding variations in quality naturally are
found, but the teas approved are all standard and
10
BEVERAGES 11
good quality for the price asked. A frank state-
ment on the label as to the kind of coffee entering
into the blend of package goods bearing pro-
prietary fancy names would clarify the whole sit-
uation and enable the buyer to judge both of price
and relative quality and to know what coffees
produce the preferred flavor. Why should we buy
a "pig in a poke"? Why not know what blend
of coffees we purchase? Such package goods, giv-
ing the buyer no inkling as to the nature and qual-
ity of the contents, do not always lead to fraud
but it makes it perilously easy if a manufacturer is
looking for such an opportunity. Let the house-
keeper stand for intelligent, simple labels that
mean something.
The coffee and tea drinker knows that he is taking
caffein, a nerve stimulant, and more or less habit-
forming drug when he takes these beverages, and
the tannic acid present may affect the digestion
more or less, varying with the individual suscepti-
bility. There is no doubt but what the excessive
use of tea and coffee injuriously affects a large
percentage of the persons using them and in many
cases of idiosyncrasy even small quantities are
harmful.
The only other point of special interest is the
"cereal coffees" or so-called coffee substitutes.
12 1001 TESTS
These are not substitutes for coffee in that they
do not produce the same effect, do not have the
same flavor, and cannot fill their place. They are
harmless, their chief sin lying in the extraordinary
claims made as to their nutritive value. As a
matter of fact they contain in general about one-
twentieth the nutrition of skimmed milk and their
only virtue lies in providing a warm, harmless
beverage and restricting the use of the caffein-
bearing drinks. A true " decaff einated" coffee
would practically serve this purpose at the same
time providing a better flavored product.
So-called instantaneous coffees, under whatever
branding are made from an aqueous extract of
coffee, evaporated to dryness, at a low tempera-
ture, usually by aid of a vacuum, preserving as far
as possible the aromatic constituents of the ex-
tract. There is no method of drying, however,
which can preserve all of the volatile flavors and
qualities of coffee. The instantaneous coffees
must, therefore, of necessity lack some of the de-
liciousness of the freshly made beverage. The
claims which are made for them in regard to in-
creased wholesomeness, lower content of caffein or
tannic acid, are not borne out by the analytical
data. These coffees are most convenient for
campers and on all occasions when the quick
BEVERAGES 13
preparation of the beverage is desirable. This
appears to me to be their sole useful role.
TESTED COFFEES, AND COFFEE
SUBSTITUTES
(Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; (N) indicates a
noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products
(D), rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for
details as to method of rating.)
Arbuckle Brothers, New York.
(N) Ariosa Coffee. (Good quality for price; state-
ments on label mildly extravagant; coated with
sugar and egg.)
* Yuban, The Arbuckle Guest Coffee. (A good
blend.)
Aroma Coffee Company, Duluth, Minnesota.
(N) Cald well's Electric Cut, not ground coffee.
(Claims on label extravagant as to removal of
tannin, quality, etc.)
Baker Importing Company, 109 Hudson Street, New
York, N. Y.
if Bakerized Steel Cut Coffee. (Claims for special
process slightly exaggerated; evenly ground and
clean, but no marked effect on composition de-
termined.)
Bismark Grocery Company, Bismark, North Dakota.
* Yours Truly Coffee.
Blanke, C. F., Tea and Coffee Company, St. Louis,
Missouri.
1001 TESTS
* Coffee. (Extravagant quality claims "Univer-
sally known as the best coffee on the market.")
if Fairy Cup Instant Coffee.
Blendo Food Company, Philadelphia, Pa.
(D) Blendo. (Absurd claims as to nutritive value
and "superior to coffee" flavor; a mixture of
roasted peas, rye and barley.)
Borden's Condensed Milk Company, New York, N. Y.
(N) Borden's Condensed Coffee. (A very small
amount of coffee with sugar and condensed
milk sold for 31 cents for 15^ ounces.
Slightly short weight on samples tested.)
Chase and Sanborn, Boston, Mass.
* Seal Brand Coffee.
Clark, Coggins and Johnson Company, Boston, Mass.
(N) Puri-tan-ated Brand Coffee. ("Nourishing"
claims extravagant, claims for effect of special
process in removing tannin, etc., unwarranted.)
Climax Coffee Company, Chicago, Illinois.
* Mrs. Rorer 's Brand Own Blend Coffee. (Extreme
claims as to keeping qualities.)
Crosse and Blackwell, London and New York.
(N) Pure Essence of Coffee. (Extractives rather low,
hardly a true "essence.")
Dwinell- Wright Company, Boston, Mass. Chicago, 111.
* White House Brand Coffee.
Fischer, B., and Company, New York.
* Hotel Astor Coffee.
BEVERAGES 15
Githens, Rexsamer and Company, Philadelphia, Pa.
* The "400" Blend Boasted Coffee.
G. Washington Coffee Sales Company, New York, N. Y.
(N) G. Washington Prepared Coffee. (A good in-
stantaneous coffee; claims as to harmlessness,
etc., much exaggerated as most of the caffein
remains. "Drink all the coffee you want" dan-
gerous and misleading advice.}
Harris, W. B., Company, New York City.
* Royal Stag Coffee.
Kellogg Food Company, Battle Creek, Mich.
(N) Kellogg 's Cereal Beverage, Minute Brew.
(Roasted, pulverized grain, no more "health-
ful" than other cereal coffees.)
Kneipp Malt Food Company, Mantowoc, Wisconsin.
(N) Kneipp Malt, (A Coffee Substitute). (Claimed to
be a roasted malt; so burned that malting can
not be confirmed. Flavored with an extract from
the leaves and pericarp of the coffee plant.)
Levering Coffee Company, The, Baltimore, Md.
* Tourist Coffee.
Lockyer and Company, Chicago, 111.
* Extra Fancy B. Coffee.
* Extra Fancy C. Coffee.
Merck and Company, New York, (Distributors).
* Dekofa. (A true decaffeinated coffee, containing
16 1001 TESTS
only 0.15 per cent, of caffein, which is as near
complete removal as can be attained.)
Panama Banana Fruit Company, New York.
(N) Banan-Nutro. (A product made from ground
roasted bananas. Exaggerated claims as to nu-
tritive value. Not a "king of substitutes for
coffee" in so far as flavor is concerned.)
Porto Rico Trading Company, Inc., 127 Franklin
Street, New York, N. Y.
* Queen Isabella Porto Rico Coffee.
Postum Cereal Company.
(N) Instant Postum. (Roasted cereals with an excess
of mineral ingredients, source unknown: harm-
less, but claims much exaggerated.)
(N) Postum Cereal. (Sam,e.)
Potter and Wrightington, Boston, Mass.
(D) Old Grist Mill. A substitute for coffee. (Con-
tains wheat, peas, and dandelion, and some cof-
fee, objectionable in a (< coffee substitute,"
claims as to aiding digestion, preserving com-
plexion, etc., misleading.)
Quinby, W. S., Company, Boston, Mass.
* La Touraine, The perfect coffee. ("Perfection"
exaggerated!)
Sprague, Warner and Company, Chicago, 111.
(N) Richlieu Brand Hans Evers Process Vacuum
Treated Coffee. (Claims as to removal of
BEVERAGES 17
harmful products by vacuum process not sub-
stantiated; caffein still present.)
TESTED TEAS
Asiatic Products Company, San Francisco, California.
* Dalmoy Blend Tea.
* London Blend Brand Tea.
* Sa-Sa-Ma Brand Tea.
Berndt and Company, Baltimore, Md.
(D) Juno Mate Paraguayan Tea (Ilex Paraguayensis)
(Contains as much caffein as coffee and still
most extravagant claims are made as to health-
fulness, food value, freedom from bad after ef-
fects, etc. Product unobjectionable but no
ground found for such claims.)
Blanke, C. R, Tea and Coffee Company, St. Louis,
Missouri.
* Magic Cup Soluble Tea.
Dwinell- Wright Company, Boston, Mass. Chicago, 111.
* White House Brand Orange Pekoe Tea.
Fischer, B., and Company.
* Hotel Astor Tea.
Gillet, Martin and Company, Baltimore, Md.
(N) House of Lords, Ceylon Tea. (A heavy, liquor-
ing tea; not well cleaned.)
* Standard HE-NO Tea. (A good grade of green
18 1001 TESTS
Harris, W. B., and Company, New York, N. Y.
* Royal Stag Tea. (Good for price; 36 cents a
pound, not highest quality.)
Lipton, London and New York.
* Lipton 's Tea Extra Choice Blend of Ceylon and
India Tea Black.
* Lipton 's Extra Choicest Blend of Ceylon and In-
dia Tea Black, blend A.
"Ar Lipton 'a Ceylon and India Tea Black, blend B.
Quinby, W. S., Company, Boston, and Chicago, 111.
^ Golden Dome Orange Pekoe Ceylon Tea. (A sixty
cent tea, good flavor but not exceptional; sold
in bulk to retailers and branded bags furnished
for sales to consumer.)
Salada Tea Company, New York, N. Y.
* Salada Tea.
* Salada Ceylon and India Tea.
Tetley, Joseph, and Company, London, Eng.
^ Tetley 's Tea, Black, India and Ceylon.
Victoria Tea Company, Chicago, 111.
* "My Own" blend Tea Blend No. 1.
* "My Own" blend Tea Blend No. 2.
Yours Truly Company, Chicago, 111.
it Yours Truly Tea. (A 40 cent tea good quality
for the price.)
SOFT DRINKS, TONICS, AND MEDICATED
BEVERAGES
While the miscellaneous bottled soft drinks on
the market with the exception of those bearing
habit-forming drugs, such as Coca Cola (caff em),
cannot be said to be absolutely injurious, they rep-
resent to my mind second grade products of a mis-
cellaneous composition which does not recommend
them for consumption by the young or for a place
in a list of high grade products. Many of the
most highly prized remedies are of vegetable origin
and almost every root, herb, or extract, found in
these so-called soft drinks is described as a drug
in the pharmacopoeia, the official standard of
drugs. If these bodies have the remedial values
assigned to them they should not be given pro-
miscuously to healthy people. Why give your
child an extract of barks and roots colored with
caramel, many of them having medicinal proper-
ties, or a ginger ale, owing its pungency chiefly to
capsicum, or a sarsaparilla, which has never seen
sarsaparilla, but is made from wintergreen, and
sassafras, and colored with caramel, when you
can always obtain good grape juice, true ginger
20 1001 TESTS
ales, and pure fruit juices obtained direct from the
lime, the berry, the orange or lemon?
The question of the presence of alcohol in grape
juices has recently been raised. There is never
more than a trace of alcohol present, and this only
takes place when the grapes have been held over
after crushing during the warm season. Under
such conditions a slight fermentation might take
place producing minute amounts of alcohol.
This point seems negligible and certainly could not
be used to furnish a foundation for the addition of
sugar to grape juices, since this practice makes it
possible to use inferior and half-ripened grapes
and supply artificial sweetness by adding sugar,
giving a product which does not compare with that
prepared from properly ripened grapes alone.
None of the soft drinks given in the disapproved
class is especially injurious except as intimated
above, nor do they contain preservatives, sac-
charin, or dangerous coloring materials as is
sometimes the case. It is merely that they fail in
quality and are for that reason disapproved as
not belonging in a list of high grade products, or
are of secret composition and as such unworthy of
patronage. Some of the manufacturers have un-
doubtedly made efforts to improve their product
and moderate their claims especially of late years.
BEVERAGES
Upon the whole the " habit of drinking," even of a
preparation of roots and herbs, is not one to be
generally commended. At least every parent hav-
ing at heart the welfare of his child is entitled to
know what that child drinks when he patronizes
the soda fountain or the bottled beverages.
TESTED SOFT DRINKS, TONICS AND MEDI-
CATED BEVERAGES
Anheuser-Busch Brewing Association, St. Louis, Mo.
* Malt Nutrine. (General claims as to tonic and
flesh forming results permissible. Statement
that it is non-intoxicating is modified by the
declaration of the presence of 1.9 per cent, of
alcohol. Is non-intoxicating when taken m
medicinal doses, as recommended on label.)
Armour Company, Chicago, Illinois.
* Grape Juice.
American Fruit Products Company, Rochester, N. Y.
if Duffy's Apple Juice.
Brooke, C. M., and Sons, New York and Melbourne.
(D) Lemos, Brooke's. (Apparently a mixture of lime
and lemon pulp and juice, sweetened, colored
with Napthol Yellow 8 (a permitted coal tar
dye) and preserved with 0.10 per cent, of
benzoate of soda, declared on the label. "Use
Lemos instead of lemons far all purposes."
1001 TESTS
It is not a wholesome equivalent for pure lemon
juice "by any means.)
CKquot Club Company, Millis, Mass.
(N) Celebrated Cliquot Club Extra Dry Ginger Ale.
(Found little or no ginger resins and but little
ginger oil. Owes pungency mainly to capsicum,
which is declared on label as follows: "This
bottle contains a minute amount of capsicum to
give increased pungency.")
Coca Cola Company, Atlanta, Georgia.
(D) Coca Cola, Bottled. (A beverage sold as a soft
drink containing a habit forming alkaloid, caf-
fein, not declared in any way and which may
prove injurious to health; contains also a little
phosphoric acid, about 9 per cent, of sugar, and
is colored with caramel.)
Coleman and Company, Ltd., Norwich, Eng.
(D) Wincarnis. (A sweet red wine containing malt
extract and extract of beef. The latter has
practically no food value; contains 18 per cent,
of alcohol, and the claims that it is ({ a nerve
food without an equal" and "a powerful rest or-
ative and vitalizer" and "a liquid food" are
not permissible, as it is merely a mild stimu-
lant and tonic, has practically no nutri-
tive value and is not a "nerve food" at
all.)
BEVERAGES
Evans' Sons, Lescher and Webb, Ltd., London and
Liverpool.
-A- The Montserrat Lime-Fruit Juice.
Golden Gate Fruit Company, San Gabriel and New
York, N. Y.
(D) Orange Ade. (Citric acid substituted in whole
or in part for orange juice, artificially colored
with a coal tar dye and preserved with sodium
benzoate. Notice of judgment 2864.)
Hawaiian Pineapple Products Company, Honolulu.
if Dole's Pure Hawaiian Pineapple Juice.
Hires, Charles E., Company, Philadelphia, Pa.
(N) Hire's Household Extract. (Is true to label be-
ing made from a mixture of many different
barks and roots, such as juniper, pipsisewa,
spikenard, etc. Not deemed of a composition
suitable for children's use. May have medicinal
effect.)
Hoff, Johann, agent, Eisner Mendelson Company, New
York, N. Y.
(D) Johann Hoff 's Extract. (A malt extract con-
taining nearly 5 per cent, of alcohol, more than
many beers, with 92 per cent, of volatile mat-
ter, mostly water, and only 8 per cent, of nu-
tritive solids. Claims that it is "recognized by
the medical faculty as an ideal food," and that
it is an "active remedy for coughs, colds, sore
throat, bronchitis, etc.," are not warranted in
any way.)
1001 TESTS
Hygeia Distilled Water Company, New York, N. Y.
^ Hywaco Ginger Ale.
* Lemon Soda.
(D) Hywaeo Sarsaparilla. (Sweetened water, fla-
vored with sassafras and wintergreen. Not
true to label as it contains no sarswparilla. An
accepted commercial misbranding. All sarscb-
parillas are of this type.)
Moxie Company, Boston and New York.
(D) Moxie. (Contains a little oil of sassafras and
wintergreen, caramel, sugar and a trace of ex-
tractives from peruvian bark. Former extrav-
agant tonic claims have been modified but are
still far too strong. Harmless but of secret
composition.)
O. T. Limited, London, Blackfriars, S. E., Sydney and
Melbourne, Australia.
(D) 0. T. A delicious Drink, A Tonic. A Diges-
tive. (Extravagant tonic and digestive claims
for a product containing capsicum, caramel and
flavoring oils.)
Pepper, Dr., Company, Waco, Texas.
(D) Dr. Pepper (King of Beverages). (Makes spe-
cial merit of being free from caffein, and co-
cain. Contains benzaldehyde and caramel col-
oring, with raspberry flavor and a trace of citric
and phosphoric acid.)
BEVERAGES
Pierce, S. S., Company, Boston, Mass.
* Tally-Ho Ginger Ale.
(D) Tally-Ho Sarsaparilla. (See Hygeia Distilled
Water Company, N. Y., Hywaco Sarsaparilla
for comments.)
Puritan Fruit Products Company, Fredonia, N. Y.
(N) Bed Wing Grape Juice. (Two per cent, or less
of sugar added declared on label; should be
called a " sweetened grape juice" ; addition of
dubious necessity or desirability.)
Rose, L., and Company, Ltd., London.
* Rose's Pure West Indian Lime Juice unsweetened.
Ross, W. A., and Sons, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland.
* Boss's Boyal Ginger Ale.
Schuyler, A. C., 333 West 36th Street, New York.
^r Delatour Ginger Ale.
Sheboygan Mineral Water Company, Sheboygan, Wis.
* Aromatic Ginger Ale. (Not "chief of them
all. 99 )
Standard Bottling and Extract Company, Boston, Mass.
* Standard Ginger Ale.
Welch Grape Juice Company, Westfield, N. Y.
^ Grape Juice.
Wyeth, John, and Brother, Philadelphia, Pa.
(N) Liquid Malt Extract. (Alcohol slightly too high
(2.53 per cent.) t as much as a light beer. Con-
26 1001 TESTS
tains, however, 14 per cent, of solids and the
claims are only slightly exaggerated. Its spe-
cial adaptability for nursing mothers and con-
sumptives is over stated.)
in
BISCUITS, CAKES, ETC. .
nPIHEBE is but little criticism to be made con-
JL cerning the package " crackers, " cakes, bis-
cuits, etc. Usually no great nutritive claims are
made. In some cases extravagant claims are made
for bran, and whole wheat products. These are of
value in preventing constipation, and are of maxi-
mum nutritive value, when true to name. Too
often, however, the products are bolted and the
analysis does not justify the claim that the whole
wheat, including the bran, was used. This is the
case with the Educator products, which not only
show by their nitrogen and ash content that they
are not made of true whole wheat, but rather ex-
travagant claims are made for their efficiency.
The simple patent flour biscuit of the Loose-Wiles
Company is a perfectly good biscuit, but when they
claim that it " contains all the nutriment of the
grain " and " is different from all other soda crack-
ers," etc., the labeling is plainly misleading.
One other product is open to special criticism,
namely, the rusks and biscuits of the Jireh Dia-
37
28 1001 TESTS
betic Food Company, which claim to "cure consti-
pation, " "provide an anti-acid diet," and to be
"especially suitable for diabetics," when they con-
tain about 47 per cent, of starch, or more, the
"special treatment" being of dubious value.
Such claims in combination with the misleading
word "diatetic" garbled from the two words
"dietetic" and "diabetic" cannot be considered
frank, honest, and instructive labeling, and would
of necessity mislead the average layman.
The main objection to this class of products, if
such it be, is that the consumer pays a high price
for the sanitary package. Any one who remem-
bers the pound of soda biscuits bought in bulk
knows that he is getting much less, due allowance
being made for breakage, when he buys the dozen
or so prettily packed cakes or crackers in a neat
box. The public seems to demand such goods,
however, and except on the score of economy, a
factor in the problem which we are considering in
this instance only in extreme cases, the output is
commendable.
TESTED BISCUITS, CAKES, ETC.
(Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; (N) indicates a
noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products
(D), rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for
details as to method of rating.)
BISCUITS, CAKES, ETC. 29
Edwards, Elinor E., East Orange, N. J.
(N) Edwards' Bran Cookies. (Analysis indicates a
bran flour rather than pure bran. Claims for
efficiency as a nutritive laxative largely justi-
fiable.)
Holland Rusk Company, Holland, Michigan.
(N) Holland Rusk. (Label misleading as to origin.
Not the original "Holland Rusk"; made in
Holland, Mich. Not the "most practical and
economical food known.")
Ivins', J. S., Sons, Philadelphia, Pa.
-A: Ivins' Bonnie Wafers.
it Ivins' Luneh-on-Thin.
Jireh Diabetic Food Company, New York, N. Y.
(D) Jireh Diatetic Rusks. (A good rusk, high in ni-
trogen and mineral ingredients, but not "a cure
for constipation" and not especially adapted
for diabetics as claimed.)
(D) Jireh Diatetic Biscuits. (Most extravagant, in-
defensible, medicinal claims; contains about 65
per cent, of starch and statement is made that
it is "a food remedy for diabetes, indigestion,
insomnia, rheumatism, bright 's disease, and all
forms of nervous and gastric derangement.")
Johnson Educator Food Co., Boston, Mass.
(N) Educator Gluten Cookies. (Contain somewhat
less protein than should be found in a standard
gluten flour. Following claim* not entirely
SO 1001 TESTS
warranted: "Unequaled for those who are re-
stricted to a gluten diet" . . . "It contains a
minimum of starch and a high proteid con-
tent.")
if Educator Graham Crackers. Unsweetened.
(N) Educator Oatmeal Crackers. (Nitrogen and min-
eral ingredients 'both lower than in average
hulled oats. Claim "Combines wheat phos-
phates and oat nitrates/' meaningless.)
(N) Educator Toasterettes. (Weight understated;
formerly 11 to 14 ounces was claimed; now only
9 ounces are claimed. Hardly a satisfactory
way from the consumer's point of view of cor-
recting short weight. Nitrogen and mineral
ingredients both too low for a true "entire
wheat' 9 cracker.)
(N) Educator Wafers. (Weight claim lowered to 8
ounces so that they now run over weight,
though were formerly short. Analysis does not
indicate a true whole wheat product. Nitro-
gen content is fairly good but the mineral in-
gredients are low, indicating that bran has been
removed. These products are good but claims
are unwarranted and the price per pound is
high.)
Loose- Wiles Biscuit Company, 666 Causeway Street,
Boston, Mass.
* Pakatin-Biscuit.
* . Sunshine Assorted Biscuits.
BISCUITS, CAKES, ETC. 81
if Sunshine Citrus Biscuits.
if Sunshine Clover Leaves A Sugar wafer confec-
tion.
if Sunshine Dessert Wafers.
^r Sunshine Graham Crackers. (Contain about 20
per cent, of sugar, not declared; should be
called "Sweetened Graham Crackers.' 9 )
if Sunshine Philopena Sugar Almond.
T*r Sunshine Petite Beurre Biscuits.
if Sunshine Tafi San Sugar Wafers.
if Sunshine Veroniques.
|(N) Takoma Biscuit. (A patent flour biscuit of usual
composition, contains no more mineral ingredi-
ents than the regulation patent flour and still
makes the following extravagant claims: "con-
taining all the nutriment in the grain; en-
tirely different from all other soda crackers;
easily digested; very nourishing.")
if Vienna Sugar Fingers. (Why Vienna f)
National Biscuit Company, New York, N. Y.
if Adora.
if Arrowroot Biscuit.
if Baronet Biscuit.
* Cheese Sandwich.
if Chocolate Tokens.
* Chocolate Wafers.
* Epic Wafers.
if Festino Almpnds.
* Fig Newtons.
32 1001 TESTS
* Frotana The Fruit Biscuit.
"Ar Graham Crackers. (Contain about 17 per cent, of
sugar, not declared; should "be called "Sweet-
ened Graham Crackers.")
if Lemon Snaps.
if Nabisco.
* Old Time Sugar Cookies.
if Royal Lunch.
^ Saltine Biscuit.
if Social Tea Biscuit.
* Sponge Lady Fingers.
if Uneeda Biscuit.
if Vanilla Wafers.
* Water Thin Biscuit.
if Zu-Zu Ginger Snaps.
Remmers, B., and Sans, Philadelphia, Pa.
if Gluten Bread, Diabetiker loaves. (Leavened with
hydrogen peroxide but none found in the fin-
ished loaf; carbohydrates reduced to from 10 to
15 per cent.)
T
JL
IV
CANDIES
principal adulterants to be feared in con-
fections have been sulphites, used especially
in bleaching molasses, saccharin used to replace
sugar, metallic substances and shellac containing
arsenic, used in coating and giving a gloss,
especially to the cheap, penny candies sold to chil-
dren, artificial, poisonous colors, and the substitu-
tion of the cheap glucose made from starch, for
the true sugar (sucrose) of which candies are sup-
posed to be made. Glucose may be used almost
entirely to supplant sugar, in the case of low grade
candies, in which case it is a cheapener (whatever
may be thought of its wholesomeness and rela-
tive digestibility, especially for children), as the
price is much less than that of sugar. Moreover,
the child will eat more of confections made of glu-
cose, as they are less sweet and this again I con-
sider undesirable. The glucose may be used hon-
estly in small amounts to give certain physical
characteristics, especially in such candies as
nougatmes, caramels, etc. If used in quantities
not exceeding 10 to 15 per cent, its presence has
1001 TESTS
been disregarded, it being considered that it was
employed in such cases without fraudulent intent.
In my opinion, however, glucose when present in a
candy should be declared on the label and I hope
to see the day when it will be replaced by invert
sugar, both in the interests of dietetics and hon-
esty. Sugar is more apt to crystallize and to melt
than is glucose, which is more than one-half dextrin
(a non-sugar) and it is for this physical effect that
the candy-makers desire to use it. If manufac-
turers would plainly label all mixed products with
the percentage of glucose present the popular
prejudice against glucose based on its extensive
and continued use under no name, or one that
gives no index to its nature, or a misleading name,
would soon disappear.
Personally, I believe that candies should be
given very sparingly to children, because of the
tendency to decrease and debase the natural ap-
petite, creating a longing for only sweet foods,
which increase the danger of digestive disturb-
ances. For hard working men and women, can-
dies when properly used, offer a valuable addition
to the diet. Cake, milk chocolates, plain taffy and
mints, the hard candies like stick candy, if made
from pure sugar, and fruit flavors, and free from
artificial coloring, are probably as healthy and
CANDIES 35
nutritious as any sweets that can be used, espe-
cially for the little folks. We are writing for the
present as well as for the future. We realize that
candies will continue to be used in large quantities
for children in spite of the sound dietetic objec-
tions to this practice. Our present purpose, there-
fore, is to emphasize the importance of the use
of pure constituents, pure sugar and honey, in-
vert sugar, natural coloring matters of vegetable
origin, caramel (burnt sugar), natural flavors de-
rived chiefly from fruits, clean milk, and pure
chocolate all manufactured in the most sanitary
manner. Too long keeping should also be avoided,
dust proof containers employed and the products
handled in the most cleanly and hygienic manner
possible.
TESTED CANDIES
(Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; (N) indicates a
noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products
(D), rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for
details as to method of rating.)
Aromint Company, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Ar Aromints.
Belle Mead Sweets, Trenton, N. J.
* Belle Mead Sweets Chocolate Coated Caramels.
* Old Fashioned Chocolate Coated Vanilla Whipped
Creams.
36 1001 TESTS
Bishop and Company, Los Angeles, California.
(N) Calarab Candy Figs. (50 per cent, sugar and
nearly 17 per cent, glucose.)
Borden's Condensed Milk Company, New York, N. Y.
* Milk Chocolate.
Foss, H. D., and Company, Boston, Mass.
(N) Caramels. (33 per cent, of glucose.)
* Chocolate Peppermints.
* Pony Sticks.
(N) Quality Liquid Cream Cherries. (Cherries col-
ored with erythrosine, a permitted coal tar
dye.)
Heide, Henry, New York, N. Y.
(N) Fine Marshmallows. (20 per cent, glucose.)
Heller-Barnham Company, Hopewell, N. J.
(N) Hopewell Dainties. (20 per cent, glucose in
cream fillings; 12 oz. sold for 1 Ib. (80 cents) ;
good quality otherwise.)
Hershey Chocolate Company, Hershey, Pa.
it Hershey 's Sweet Milk Chocolate.
Huyler's, New York City.
it Bonbons.
(N) Caramels. (24 per cent, glucose.)
* Chocolates.
* Nugatines.
-Ar Vanilla Sweet Chocolate.
CANDIES 37
Johnston, Milwaukee, "Wis.
(N) Superfine Caramels. (51 per cent, glucose.)
(N) Swiss Style Milk Chocolate Creams. (20 per
cent, glucose.)
Loose- Wiles Company, Boston, Mass.
(N) Nobility Chocolates. (25 per cent, of glucose in
cream filling, price $1.00 a pound.)
Lowney, Walter M., Company, Boston, Mass.
* Chocolate Gems.
if Chocolate Ice Cream Drops. (Why ice cream f
The cream filling contained 12.5 per cent, of
glucose.)
(N) Crest Caramels, Chocolate Covered. (19 per
cent, of glucose; good quality but glucose con-
tent slightly high.)
(N) Crest Nugatines Chocolate Covered. (18 per
cent, glucose.)
Maillard's, New York.
fr Bon Bons.
(N) Caramels. (Glucose 23 per cent.)
if Chocolate Creams.
if Nugatines.
Manufacturing Company of America, Philadelphia, Pa.
* U- All-No After Dinner Mint.
Mayer, Alfred, Philadelphia, Pa.
* Marmay Crimped Chocolates, Nuta and Fruits.
88 1001 TESTS
National Candy Company.
* Skylark Chocolates, Seventeen Varieties. (11 per
cent, of glucose.)
(N) Skylark Milk Chocolate Creams. (16 per cent.
of glucose.)
New England Confectionery Company, Boston, Mass.
(N) Pony Sticks Assorted. Necco Sweets. (30 per
cent, of glucose; permitted coal tar dyes.)
Nunnally, Atlanta, Ga.
^r Caracas Chocolate Creams. (10 per cent, glu-
cose; a 40 cent candy, good quality for price.)
(N) Chocolate Covered Cordial Cherries. (Cherries
colored with ponceau, a permitted coal tar
dye.)
Park and Tilford, New York, N. Y.
T*r Bon Bons.
(N) Caramels. (22 per cent, of glucose.)
* Chocolates.
* Nugatines.
Peter Cailler Kohler Swiss Chocolates Company, Pal-
ton, N. Y,
if Almond Milk Chocolate. (Disparages competi-
tor's products in an unwarranted way.)
* Original Sweet Milk Chocolate.
* Nestle 's Hazel Nut Sweet Milk Chocolate.
* Nestle 's Almond Sweet Milk Chocolate.
Powell's, New York, N. Y.
^r Kewpie Kandies. (Pure sugar candies, only vege-
table colors used.)
CANDIES 89
Rucckheim Brothers and Eckstein, Chicago, Illinois.
(N) Angelus Marshmallows. (Contain 36 per cent.
glucose but more of this ingredient is said to be
required for marshmallows than for most other
types of candies.)
(N) Chocolate Marshmallows, Angelus. (19 per cent.
of glucose and 54 per cent, of sucrose. Hardly
"A message of purity," though they are very
good marshmallows.)
(N) Nut Cracker Jack, The Famous Confection. (17
per cent, of glucose.)
Scfarafft's, New York.
if Bonbons.
(N) Caramels. (Glucose 28 per cent.)
it Chocolate Creams.
Suchard, Neuchatel, Switzerland, London, Eng.
if Chocolate (Chocolat sans sucre). (An unmixed
chocolate of high grade containing 53 per cent,
of cocoa fat.)
United Berne Zurich Chocolat Manufacturing Com-
panies, Switzerland.
* Chocolat Lindt. (A typical sweet chocolate,
should be so labeled; contains 31 per cent, of
fat and 47 per cent, of sugar.)
iWadsworth Chocolate Co., Newark, N. J.
if [Wadsworth's Sweets, Mints.
40 1001 TESTS
Whitman, Stephen F., and Son, Inc., 411-421 Race
Street, Philadelphia, Pa.
* Chocolate Elite Cream. (Glucose 12 per cent.)
* Chocolate Covered Liquid Cherries.
(N) Super Extra Chocolate Covered Caramels. (<?ltf-
cose 20 per cent.)
Wilbur, H. O., and Sons, Philadelphia, Pa.
* Wilbur's Vanilla Chocolate Buds. (Extravagant
praise of flavor and general excellence.)
V
CANNED GOODS *
THEEE are many popular fallacies and rumors
afloat regarding this class of food materials.
The name itself is unfortunate. Canned goods,
strictly speaking, include foods which are steril-
ized by heat only and kept in air tight containers,
whether they be tin cans or glass jars. For this
reason, only fruits, milks, vegetables, and soups
with their related products are treated in this
section.
Many confuse canned goods with preserves,
which represent quite a different class of products
such as jams, jellies, fruit syrups and catsups, all
of which are combined with sugar and other condi-
ments or are otherwise compounded. The time
was when peas were colored with copper, green
corn was sweetened with saccharin, and preserv-
atives of various kinds, salicylic, benzoic, sulphur-
ous acids, and borax were used to aid the keeping
process. These evil practices have disappeared in
the case of true canned goods. Benzoate, borax
and saccharin and copper sulphate are tabooed.
1 For canned and dried fish, and meats, *Q pages 122 and 150.
41
42 1001 TESTS
The main points to be considered are the quality
of the raw materials, the sanitary conditions of
manufacture, full weight and measure, and the
possible presence of tin, dissolved from the con-
tainer. On the first two points, chemical analysis
cannot throw much light. We can only base our
opinion upon inspection, taste, and general knowl-
edge of the standing of the firm concerned.
Net weight will soon be stated on all cans under
the law, and in this connection a slack fill must also
be considered, as obviously a can of tomatoes that
weighs two pounds, but is largely water, is not so
good as one that is a little under weight, but con-
tains more solids. Variations in weight will
occur in the output from the same factory, and
therefore the examination of a few samples may
be misleading. We are reporting, therefore, the
data obtained on the goods examined, for what
they are worth, and as a general guide to the
quality of the output of the several manufacturers
named. Three hundred milligrams of tin per
kilo (5 grains in 2.2 Ibs.) are tolerated by official
regulation. We have not starred any product
which contained 200 milligrams or over, and in
most cases only very small amounts are present.
Certain vegetables, such as asparagus, act upon
tie container to a greater extent than others and
CANNED GOODS
will always be higher in tin. For some vegetables,
lacquered cans are used. Beets, especially, are
put up in this way; whereas in other cases (beans
and asparagus), the lacquer seems to affect the
flavor of the product and cannot so well be used.
The National Canner's Association has a
central laboratory, whose work is conducted by
chemists and bacteriologists formerly connected
with the Bureau of Chemistry, and every effort
is making to solve these problems in the canning
industry as rapidly as possible, with a view es-
pecially to the elimination of tin salts. Plainly,
it is with minor evils that we have to do in the can-
ning trade.
While I cannot agree with those who hold that
canned goods are better than fresh, the addition of
wholesome canned fruits and vegetables to the
dietary in Winter, and for the use of those who are
of necessity cut off from a fresh supply, is a
blessing of incalculable value and only attended
by a minimum of danger. In my opinion, it would
be a great step forward if the package should
carry not only the net weight, but also the date
of manufacture, so that goods could not be held
too long on the grocer's shelves. This is es-
pecially true in the case of condensed milk, and
such vegetables as asparagus, fish products, ber-
44 1001 TESTS
ries, etc., some of which are especially apt to attack
the inner surface of the container.
Another difficulty in passing upon the output of
canned goods is that many of them are put up in
plain cans and handled by jobbers under their
own names, so that one cannot be sure that the
supply of any particular distributor will be uni-
form. The terms used to express different
grades of canned goods mean but little to the can-
ners and less to the consumer. The simplifica-
tion of the label in this regard, the abandonment
of such meaningless terms as "Superfine,"
"Extra Quality, " "Early June, Extra Sifted,"
etc., and the presence of the date, the name of the
manufacturer and the true net-weight on each can,
would be a boon to the housekeeper and enable
her to buy more intelligently and permit of a
more accurate estimate of the various grades and
brands in relation to their price.
Notwithstanding these criticisms, which are
largely matters of labeling and distribution, the
canned goods supply* can be given as large a
measure of approval as could be accorded to any
single class of food products. Increasing confi-
dence of the people in the quality of these steri-
lized products since the great body of manufac-
turers have become affiliated in a National As-
CANNED GOODS 45
sociation pledged to purity, wholesomeness, and
honesty of its products is strengthening the com-
mercial side of the canning industry and pro-
moting the efforts of food officials and hygienists
who are striving for the highest ideals in food
production.
FRUITS (SEE ALSO DRIED FRUITS)
(Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; (N) indicates a
noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products
(D), rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for
details as to method of rating.)
TESTED FRUITS
Boyle, John, Company, Baltimore, McL
(N) Strawberries, Victory Brand. (A plain can (not
lacquered), artificial color claimed, but none de-
tected. The proportion of liquid solids was too
high, though the whole can was over weight.)
California Fruit Canner's Association, San Francisco,
Cal. (Packed for Park and Tilford, New York
Oity.)
* Apricots, Del Monte Brand Extra Quality.
* Cherries, Royal Ajme, D^l Monte Brand, Extra
Quality.
* Hawaiian Pineapple, Gold Leaf Extra, Sliced.
Ar Logan Berries, Del Monte Brand Extra Quality.
* Peaches, Lemon Cling, Del Monte Brand, Extra
Quality.
46 1001 TESTS
if Peaches, Yellow Free, Del Monte Brand Extra
Quality.
* Pears, Bartlett, Del Monte Brand Extra Quality.
* Plums, Egg, Del Monte Brand Extra Quality.
* Plums, Green Gage, Del Monte Brand Extra Qual-
ity.
Cobb Preserving Company, Pairport, N. Y.
if White Cherries, Navy Brand. (Amount of liquid
slightly high in proportion to the fruit 50 per
cent, of each. The can was over weight.)
Davies, K. M., and Company, Williamson, N. Y.
^ Bed Raspberries, Williamson Brand. (Liquid
rather high in proportion to fruit (63 per cent,
of juice), total weight very good.)
Griffith-Durney Company, San Francisco, Calif.
if Apricots, California, Troubadour Brand.
if Bartlett Pears, California, Troubadour Brand.
if Cherries, Royal Anne, Troubadour Brand.
if Plums, Egg, California, Troubadour Brand.
if Plums, Green Gage, Troubadour Brand.
Hawaiian Pineapple Company, Honolulu.
* Hawaiian Sliced Pineapple, Paradise Island
Brand.
Hunt Brothers, Haywood, Cal.
* Apricots.
* Bartlett Pears.
* Cherries, Royal.
* Peaches.
CANNED GOODS 47
Lanning and Son, William, Bridgeton, N. J.
* Blackberries in Syrup, Silver Lake Brand.
if Pears, Silver Lake Brand.
Leggett, Francis H., and Company, New York, N. T.
if Premier Strained Cranberry Sauce.
Libby, McNeill and Libby, Chicago, 111.
if Bartlett Pears.
if Extra Lemon Cling Peaches.
if Sliced Hawaiian Pineapple.
Siegel Cooper Company, New Yo*k, N. Y.
(N) Hawaiian Sliced Pineapples, Fountain Brand,
Extra. (Unwarranted medicinal claims "spe-
cially valuable in case of diphtheria, etc."
Quality good.)
if Lemon Cling Peaches, Fountain Brand.
MILK PRODUCTS, INFANT'S FOODS, ETC.
It often happens that infants are deprived of
their natural diet, i.e., the milk of a healthy mother.
There are also sometimes derangements of nutri-
tion in which case the child does not assimilate
normal food. To meet these conditions manufac-
turers and physicians have endeavored to supply
nutritious substitutes for the child's natural diet.
It is hardly necessary to say that none of these
efforts have met with complete success. There
is no so-called commercial "infant's food," that
can be recommended for general use. The anx-
ious mother vainly turns from one vaunted prepa-
ration to another to avoid diarrhea, or check the
loss of weight of a wasting child. Most of the
makers of infant foods recognize the fact that pure
milk, scientifically modified, is the best substitute
for mother's milk. The milk of the Holstein cow
is said to be particularly adapted to infant feed-
foft by reason of its relatively lower content of
fat, and the smaller size of the fat globules, re-
sembling human milk more nearly in these par-
ticulars. Goat's milk, unfortunately not utilized
in this country, is probably better adapted to the
48
CANNED GOODS 49
infant's use than cow's milk, and the animal itself
is less prone to tuberculosis.
The wise physician, guided by the principles of
scientific dietetics, will endeavor by slight modifica-
tions of pure, clean, fresh milk, from healthy ani-
mals (usually effected by varying degrees of dilu-
tion, and the addition of milk sugar and lime water
and sometimes barley water), to determine the
diet best suited to the particular case. A large
percentage of the commercial infants' foods are
offered, not as complete foods, but as milk modi-
fiers. One of the virtues urged in their behalf is
the substitution of sugar and dextrin (made by
the action of enzymes on starch obtained from
cereal products) for the natural milk sugar or
lactose. It is difficult to believe that nature has
made a mistake in placing lactose instead of su-
crose, maltose or dextrin, in the milk of the mam-
mals. That infants often thrive on these substi-
tute sugars is an evidence of the ability even of
the babe to tolerate a strange environment rather
than a proof of the waywardness of nature. It
is more logical to believe that lactose, the natural
milk sugar of little sweetness, is not only the nor-
mal, but also the best carbohydrate for the baby.
The infant's foods of commerce may be divided
into the following general classes :
60 1001 TESTS
1. Milk products (including condensed milk,
sweetened or unsweetened, the latter being known
as "evaporated" milk and dried milks).
2. Malted cereals.
3. Mixtures of malted cereals, with milk, im-
properly called "malted milks."
4. Mixtures of sugar, malt, dextrose, dextrin,
eggs, etc.
The condensed milks are not offered exclusively
for infant's foods, but for general nutrition, and
as a food for grown people, for use in coffee, for
convenience in traveling, camping, etc., and for
general use when fresh milk is not available or is
under suspicion, they afford a most valuable sub-
stitute. Nearly all labels and advertisements,
however, commend them for infant feeding.
Sweetened condensed milk, consisting as it does,
largely of sugar (often over 40 per cent.) should
never be used for infant feeding. This amount of
sugar unbalances the ration, increasing enor-
mously the proportion of carbohydrates and thus
tends to derange digestion and promote the undue
formation of fat, mistakenly hailed by the mother
as an indication of healthy nutrition. Growth,
firmness of flesh, color and animation are much
surer signs of successful feeding than is the
CANNED GOODS 51
" creased plumpness, " so lauded by venders of in-
fant foods.
When traveling, or if a pure whole milk cannot
be secured, or in hot climates where refrigerating
facilities are limited, the unsweetened condensed
milk, sometimes called "evaporated milk" may
afford the second best choice. By reason of the
high temperatures required to sterilize and con-
dense the product, such milk undergoes marked
changes of character, which many medical authori-
ties consider affect its nutritive properties for in-
fants, the mineral ingredients especially being less
easily assimilated. Though this evidence is ques-
tioned by some, it is well to be on the safe side, and
while many infants thrive on a diet of condensed
milk others so fed have suffered from rickets and
other diseases of deranged assimilation.
Condensed milks are properly made from the
pure, clean, fresh milk of healthy cows. Prac-
tically much of it is made of milk from very un-
sanitary cows, and handled in unsanitary dairies.
There is no reason to believe that the milk in many
of the dairies is better than some of that sold in its
natural state. The evaporated product, however,
has the distinct advantage over ordinary market
milk, in so far as diseased germs and dirt are con-
52 1001 TESTS
cerned, that it is strained and sterilized in the con-
densaries ; the sweetened product is not sterile.
According to the official standards, condensed
milk contains not less than 28 per cent, of solids
and of these 7.7 per cent, is fat. Subsequent un-
warranted modification of the standard requires
that the sum of total solids and fat shall be 34.3 per
cent., of which 7.8 should be fat. Many of the con-
densed milks on the market fall even below this.
While in my opinion the official standards are not
as high as they should be, having been established
by act of Congress they can be changed only by
Congressional direction. But although the stan-
dards now represent minimum requirements for
total solids and fat, there has been a long con-
tinued attempt on the part of many manufacturers
to have them lowered still further. The claim has
been persistently mad'e that it was impracticable
to condense milks to the minimum degree required,
namely, 28 per cent, of solids, by reason of the
fact that the organic salts present in milk, mostly
compounds with citric acid, would crystallize out
and form a sandy, gritty deposit objectionable to
the consumer. Also the argument is made that
when condensed milks are made from whole milk
containing 4 per cent, of fat (although this is about
the general average) the required total solids
CANNED GOODS 53
should be lower, since it is claimed to be difficult
to keep the "excessive quantity" of fat from sep-
arating and forming a kind of thick cream. In my
opinion both of these contentions are without
foundation, and this view is borne out by the sam-
ple of the imported evaporated milk which we have
examined, which contains about one-fifth more
total solids and fat than is required by the mini-
mum standards of this country. If a manufac-
turer in Switzerland can produce a very satisfac-
tory product containing over 33 per cent, of solids
and 9y 2 per cent, of fat, an American manufac-
turer should not grumble because he is required to
have 28 per cent, of solids and about 7.7 per cent,
of fat. Moreover, the physical appearance of the
imported sample was most excellent, being soft,
creamy, devoid of grit, and showing no evidences
of the separation of fat. It is more probable that
the separation referred to is due to long keeping,
and not to an excessive condensation. Evap-
orated milks should be distributed in such a man-
ner that they will not remain too long upon the
shelves of the dealers.
Skimmed milk cannot be advised for infants,
and evaporated milks, especially milks recom-
mended for infant feeding, should be held strictly
up to the standard for total solids and fat. Dried
54 1001 TESTS
milk or milk powder differs from condensed milk in
being almost free from moisture. It has all the
faults and virtues of condensed milk and may serve
a most useful purpose when the fresh product can-
not be obtained.
When cereals, wheat, rye, barley, etc., are finely
ground and made into a paste by the admixture of
water at a high temperature, they are readily acted
on by malt which renders the starch soluble, chang-
ing it into sugars (maltose an<J dextrose), and into
dextrin. The infant utilizes starch only with diffi-
culty and this process makes it more easily di-
gestible. No normal infant at its mother's breast,
however, requires food of this kind. Nature is
the safest guide, and if such preparations have any
value, it is only in abnormal conditions. The use
of simply modified milk, as previously described,
up to the sixth month, and the gradual introduction
of cereal gruels, fruit juices, etc., after that time
is in general a procedure to be preferred to the use
of so-called "infants' foods."
Malted milks represent a large class of mis-
branded products, consisting really of a certain
amount of milk mixed with malted cereals, the lat-
ter usually forming the principal part of the
product. They are nutritious and convenient
materials for grown persons, and some invalids,
CANNED GOODS 55
but are too high in carbohydrates (starches, and
sugars) foreign to an infant's natural food to be
especially adapted to this purpose. Often the per-
centage of fat is so low as to indicate that even the
small amount of milk present was skimmed milk.
Special comment on the samples of these classes
of infant's foods examined will be found in connec-
tion with the respective products.
TESTED MILK PRODUCTS, INFANT'S FOODS,
ETC.
(Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; (N) indicates a
noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products
(D), rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for
details as to method of rating.)
American Druggist's Syndicate.
(D) A. D. S. Malted Milk. (Not a whole milk; only
1.2 per cent, of fat found. Extravagant claims
QS to quality and being "The best of all foods
for infants and invalids.")
American Malted Food Company, Milwaukee, Wis.
(D) Thompson's Malted Food Malted Milk. (Too
low in fat in proportion to protein and lactose
for a whole milk; indicates skim milk; lactose
so high as to indicate that it is added as such
(0.54 per cent, of fat and 20 per cent, of lactose
found.)
(D) Thompson's Malted Beef (Peptone). (Analysis
practically the same as for malted milk; not
56 1001 TESTS
enough beef peptone to give character to the
product.)
Aurora Condensed Milk Company, Rotterdam, Holland.
* Sweetened Condensed milk. (Most excellent
product, about % higher in milk solids and fat
than the American output.)
Benger's Food, Ltd., Manchester, Great Britain.
(D) Benger's Food. (Chiefly flour, containing a lit-
tle diastase and sodium bicarbonate; claims for
digestibility and nutritive value unwarranted.
Not desirable for infants.)
Berna Milk Company, Thoune, Switzerland.
* Condensed Swiss Milk, sweetened with sugar.
(About Y 5 higher in milk solids cmd fat than
the American samples. Claim "Absolutely
Pure" and directions for infant feeding, ob-
jectionable, but product is not especially rec-
ommended for this purpose.)
Bernese Alps Milk Company, Switzerland.
* Evaporated unsweetened Swiss milk. (A most
excellent product, fully Y 5 higher in solids and
fat than our best American products. Claim
"Can be used as an excellent cream" objection-
able, as it has only half the butter fat of a true
cream.)
Borden's Condensed Milk Company, New York, N. Y.
(N) Condensed Milk, The Gail Borden Eagle Brand.
(A most excellent sweetened milk for general
use; not starred solely because of extravagant
CANNED GOODS 57
claims for Us special suitability for infants 9
feeding, for which use it is deemed most ob-
jectionable, as it contains over 40 per cent, of
sucrose, an element not found at all in the in-
fants' normal food.)
* Evaporated Milk, Borden's Peerless (pound cans).
(N) Evaporated Milk, Borden's Peerless (six ounce
can). (The large cans were of excellent com-
position, but two samples of the small cans,
same brand, were low loth in solids and fat.
May have been accidental.)
* Evaporated Milk, Unsweetened, St. Charles Brand.
* Malted Milk, Borden's. (A whole milk mixed
with malted cereals; an excellent and nutritious
food for admits but not suitable for infant feed-
ing in general as claimed, and not approved
for this purpose. Much less objectionable than
the sweetened condensed milk for this pur-
pose.)
Denmark Condensed Milk Company, Denmark, Wis.
(N) Danish Prize Evaporated Milk. (Not sufficiently
condensed. Exaggerated claims made for qual-
ity. It is not the "leading brand of the
world.")
Helvetia Milk Condensing Company, Highland, 111.
* Our Pet Brand Unsweetened, Sterilized, Evapo-
rated Milk.
58 1001 TESTS
Hires Condensed Milk Company, Philadelphia, Pa.
(N) Hires Condensed Milk. (Milk sufficiently con-
densed, but either a product low in fat was used
or it was partly skimmed; should be labeled
"Sweetened," contains about 45 per cent, of
sugar.)
Horlick's Malted Milk Company, Racine, "Wis.
* Horlick's Malted Milk. (See Borden's.)
Imperial Granum Company, New Haven, Connecticut.
(D) Imperial Granum The Great Prepared Food.
(Practically a partially roasted flour. Exag-
gerated claims as to its value as a food for in-
fants and invalids. Especially does it contain
too much starch for an infant's food.)
Libby, McNeill and 1/ibby, Chicago, Illinois.
* Condensed Milk, Sweetened. (Contains about 44
per cent, of sucrose. No reference found to in-
fant feeding.)
(N) Evaporated Milk, Sterilized, Unsweetened. (A
good whole milk but condensation not carried
quite far enough. Six samples averaged 7.7
per cent, of fat and only about 26 of solids.)
Mead, Johnson and Company, Jersey City, N. J.
(N) Mead's Dextri-Maltose Malt Sugar. (Essen-
tially a mixture of dextrin and maltose, pre-
pared by enzymic action, not considered a de-
CANNED GOODS 59
sirable substitute for lactose in modifying milk
for infant feeding in normal conditions.)
Mellin's Food Company, Boston, Mass.
(N) Mellin's Food. (A dried malt extract from
wheat and ~barley, mostly maltose with some
dextrin. Superior to some infant's foods, in
that it does not contain starch, but it is not a
"true substitute for mother's milk," even when
combined with milk as recommended.)
Merrell Soule Company, Syracuse, N. T.
(D) Klim. (This is really a dried skimmed milk for
cooking purposes, contains only 0.21 per cent.
of fat, while a similar whole milk preparation
would contain 30 per cent. This is milk spelled
backwards in more ways than one; claim "For
all cooking where milk is needed" not war-
ranted.)
Mohawk Condensed Milk Company, New York, N. Y.
(N) Sweet Clover Brand, Sweetened Condensed Milk.
(A good product containing standard amounts
of fat and solids but is nearly half sucrose
and still claims to be the "most perfect sub-
stitute for mother's milk," which contains
none.)
Nestl6, Henri, 99 Chambers Street, New York, N. Y.
(N) Nestle 's Food. (Contains some starch but has a
good content of fat, protein and soluble carbo-
hydrates. Not a "perfect nutriment for in-
fants" as claimed.)
60 1001 TESTS
Pacific Coast Condensed Milk Company, Seattle, Wash.
(N) Carnation Brand Sterilized Evaporated Milk.
(Made of whole milk but insufficiently con-
densed. Is very low in total solids but good fat
content. Extravagant claims as to quality.)
Patch, The E. L., Company, Boston, Mass.
* Patch's Powdered Sugar of Milk. (A pure lactose
or milk sugar for modifying the milk for feed-
ing of infants.)
Smith, Kline and French, Philadelphia, Pa.
(D) Eskay's Albumenized Food. (Contains too much
starch to be used for an infant's food. Claim
that it is " albumenized," and is the (e most nu-
tritious, most palatable food upon the market/'
not warranted as protein is low.)
Van Camp Packing Company, The, Indianapolis, Ind.
(N) Evaporated Milk, Sterilized, uncolored, unsweet-
ened. (Not "a perfect food for infants" as
claimed. Apparently a whole milk but con-
densation not carried far enough, to give stand-
ard amount of total solids.)
SOUPS, EXTRACTS, BOUILLON CUBES, ETC.
No soups are high in nutritive value as they con-
tain so large a percentage of water, but they have a
dietetic value notwithstanding. The soups ap-
proved by chemical analysis, odor, flavor and con-
dition of the can gave evidence of having been
prepared in a sanitary way from good materials,
but the highest rating was not accorded these
products because it is impossible to determine defi-
nitely from such inspection the quality of the raw
materials used.
The meat extracts and bouillon cubes have been
included in connection with the soups, for con-
venience, though, of course, they are not, strictly
speaking, canned goods. It cannot be too often
repeated that neither a meat extract nor a beef
cube represents concentrated nourishment. On
the contrary, the bouillon cubes especially contain
large amounts of salt and the nitrogenous princi-
ples present are stimulative rather than nutritious.
For flavoring a cup of hot water, to take the place
of a clear consomm<, or to be used in the kitchen
for flavoring purposes, they are useful and con-
61
1001 TESTS
venient. They should never be depended upon for
a child's luncheon or for nourishment for an in-
valid.
TESTED SOUPS, EXTRACTS, BOUILLON
CUBES, ETC.
Armour and Company, Chicago, Illinois.
* Extract of Beef.
(N) Bouillon Cubes. (Salt high 67 per cent., claims
mildly objectionable, not a "satisfying substi-
tute for a heavy lunch," etc.)
Beardsley's Sons, J. W., New York, N. Y.
(N) Vegex, A vegetable extract. (A yeast extract of
good odor and flavor containing 35 per cent, of
nitrogenous material, not all of which however
is protein. Value is stimulative rather than
nutritive, as in all such products. Claim "ex-
tremely high food value' 9 is therefore mislead-
ing.)
Burnham, E. L., Company, New York, N. Y.
* Clam Bouillon. (Not "highly" concentrated as
claimed.)
Campbell, Joseph, Company, Camden, N. 3'.
* Condensed Soup, Asparagus.
* Condensed Soup, Beef.
* Condensed Soup, Bouillon.
"Ar Condensed Soup, Celery.
* Condensed Soup, Chicken.
CANNED GOODS 63
if Condensed Soup, Chicken Gumbo.
* Condensed Soup, Clam Chowder.
if Condensed Soup, Consomme.
if Condensed Soup, Julienne.
if Condensed Soup, Mulligatawny.
T*r Campbell's Mock Turtle Soup.
if Condensed Soup, Mutton Broth.
* Campbell's Ox Tail Soup.
if Condensed Soup, Pea.
if Condensed Soup, Printanier.
if Condensed Soup, Tomato Okra.
if Condensed Soup, Tomato.
it Condensed Soup, Vegetable.
if Condensed Soup, Vermicelli.
Cudahy Packing Company, South Omaha, Nebr.
(N) Extract of Beef. (Not "the lest" though it has
a good nitrogen content coagulable nitrogen
not in extract at all finished product does not
"represent about 45 Ibs. of lean meat to 1 pound
of solid extract/ 9 in nutritive value.)
Franco-American Food Company, Jersey City, N. T.
* Clear Oxtail Soup.
* Puree of Tomato.
* Clear Vegetable Soup.
Hoyt, W. M., Company, Chicago, Illinois.
if Tours Truly Condensed Tomato Soup.
Knorr, C. H., Germany.
(N) Barley, Knorr Soup. (Solid soup tablets; c&n-
1001 TESTS
venient and wholesome, serving a useful pur-
pose for campers, etc., but lacking in flavor and
appetizing odor; bouillon cubes about like Steero
no false nutrition claims, statement applies
to whole output.)
^r Bouillon Consomme.
(N) Cabbage.
(N) Egg Quodlibet.
(N) Green Pea.
(N) Yellow Pea.
(N) Mock Turtle.
(N) Mushroom.
(N) Mutton Broth.
(N) Onion.
(N) Oxtail.
(N) Petite Mannite.
(N) Potato.
(N) Regina.
(N) Tapioca Julienne.
(N) Tomato.
Libby, McNeill and Libby.
Ar Concentrated Oxtail Soup.
* Concentrated Tomato Soup.
* Concentrated Vegetable Soup.
Liebig's Extract of Meat Company, London.
(N) Liebig's Extract of Meat. (An excellent product
not starred solely because of advertisements
advocating its addition to milk for children,
CANNED GOODS 65
claims as to increasing the assimilation of
mUk 9 etc., deemed most misleading and undesir-
able.)
(N) Liebig Company's 0X0 Bouillon Cubes. (Cor-
neille David and Company, Distributors, New
York, N. Y.) (Claims "strengthening" "a
meal in a minute," etc., misleading, although
composition is good for this class of products.)
National Pure Food Company, 149 Broadway, New
York, N. Y.
(N) Puro Soup Beef. (Powdered >same comment
as on Knorr's.)
(N) Puro Soup Chicken.
(N) Puro Soup Green Turtle.
(N) Puro Soup Lentil.
(N) Puro Soup Vegetable.
Richardson and Robbins, Dover, Delaware.
+: Chicken Soup.
Royal Specialty Company.
-Ar Anker's Bouillon Capsules.
Schieffelin and Company, New York, N. Y.
* Steero Bouillon Cubes. (Very good composition
nutrition claims withdrawn, salt content rela-
tively moderate and presence declared on
label.)
66 1001 TESTS
TESTED CANNED VEGETABLES
Austin-Nichols and Company, New York, N. Y.
* Asparagus, Sun Beam Pure Food, California.
* Beans, Lima Scottish Chief Green, Extra.
(N) Beans, Stringless Broadway Brand. (Slack fill,
11 oz. solids found) 13 called for.)
if Corn, Republic Sugar.
* Corn, Scottish Chief Sweet.
* Peas, Scottish Chief Sifted Early June.
* Peas, Republic Sifted Early June.
Boyle, John, Company, Baltimore, ltd.
* Spinach, Victory Brand Early Garden.
if Spinach, Glenmore Early Pall.
if String Beans, Victory Brand.
* Tomatoes, Glenmore Brand.
Brakeley, Joseph, Inc., Freehold, N. J.
if Beans, Lima, Sinclare Brand.
California Fruit Canners* Association, San Francisco,
Cal.
* Asparagus Tips, Del Monte Green.
* Asparagus, Del Monte Brand Extra Quality Co-
lossal Green.
Cresca Company, New York, N. Y. (Packed in France.)
if Artichokes, Cresca, Whole French Natural.
* Artichoke Bottoms, Ci?esca Extra. (Tendency to
short weight.)
if Mushrooms, Cresca Stuffed*
^r Mushrooms, Powdered,
CANNED GOODS 67
DeGroff, Lewis, and Son, New York, N. Y.
* Peas, Health Brand Sifted Early June.
if Corn, Health Brand Food Products, Sweet.
if Spinach, Good Honest Brand.
(N) Stringless Beans, Good Honest Brand. (Slack
fill 11 oz. solids, 13 oz. called for.)
Dunbar, G. W., Sons Company, New Orleans, La.
if Okra and Tomatoes, Fresh.
Frederick City Packing Company, Frederick City, Md.
if Succotash, Pride of the Valley.
Green Bay Canning Company, Green Bay, Wis.
(D) Beets, Lazarre Brand Blood Eed, Table. (Plain
can all "beets, should ~be in enameled container
tin content too high though within legal Urn-
its.)
Greenhut-Siegel Cooper Company, New York, N. Y.
if Corn, Milford Brand Extra Standard Tender
Creamy Sweet.
Haserot Canneries Company, The, Cleveland, Ohio.
if Kornlet.
Heinz, H. J., Company, Pittsburgh, Pa.
if Pork and Beans, Oven Baked. (Not enough pork
to warrant name.)
if Beans, Baked with Pork and Tomato Sauce.
if Beans, Baked in Tomato Sauce without Pork.
if Kidney Beans, Baked.
68 1001 TESTS
Illinois Canning Company, The, Hoopeston, 111.
* Kidney Beans, Joan of Arc.
Kocnig and Schuster, New York, N. Y.
* Lima Beans, Queen Tiny.
Leggett, Francis H., and Company, New York, N. Y.
* Beans, Nabob Lima.
* Corn, Premier Brand.
(N) Peas, Premier Eun of the Garden. (Slack fill
49 per cent, liquid, 33 per cent, is a good fill.)
(N) Spinach. Nabob. (Slack fill about twice the
amount of water necessary.)
Liss, George and Company, New York, N. Y.
* Peas, The Highwood Extra Sifted Early June.
Libby, McNeill and Libby, Chicago, 111.
* Asparagus, Special Extra.
* Asparagus, California.
* Pork and Beans. (Tendency to short weight; too
little pork to justify name.)
* Pork and Beans, with Tomato Sauce. (Too little
pork to justify name.)
* Sauer Kraut, Hanover Brand.
Mcllhenny Company, Avery Island, La.
* Tabasco Brand Whole Okra.
Middendorf and Rohrs, New York, N. Y.
* Lima Beans, Pairfield Brand.
* Lima Beans, Dellf ord Brand Tiny.
* Lima Beans, Nectar Brand Green.
* Beets, Fairfield Brand.
CANNED GOODS 69
Numsen, William and Sons, Inc., Baltimore, Md., and
Benesso, 111.
(D) Pumpkin, Clipper Brand. (Tin too high, over
1000 mg.)
North Maine Packing Company, Corinna, Maine.
* Lentils, Royal Brand Finest Quality, Imported,
in Tomato Sauce.
Olney, Burt, Canning Company, Oneida, N. Y.
(N) Beans, Refugee. (Tin too high, though within
permitted limits; too much water.)
* Beets, Garden.
* Corn, Sweet, Baby Kernel.
* Peas, Burt Olney 's Sifted Early June.
* Spinach, Garden.
Phillips Packing Company, Cambridge, Md.
* Peas, Golden Rule Brand, Early June.
Seaman Brothers, New York, N. Y.
* Corn, White Rose Brand.
* Peas, White Rose Brand Sweet Wrinkled.
* Peas, Savoy Brand.
* Spinach, White Rose Brand Fancy Cleansed.
(Tendency to short weight but a good fill.)
(N) String Beans, Checker Brand. (Slack fill 11
oz. of solids found, 13 oz. called for.)
* Succotash, Warfield Brand.
Siegel-Cooper Company, New York, N. Y.
(N) Stringless Beans, Milford Brand. (Slack fill II
oz. found, 13 oz. called for.)
70 1001 TESTS
Sills, John S., and Sons, New York, N. Y.
it Corn, Epicure Sugar.
(N) Peas, Epicure Early Sifted. (Short weight and
too much water, 40 per cent., only 33 per cent.
needed.)
if Tomatoes, Liberty Brand.
Twitchell-Champlin Co., Portland, Maine, and Boston,
Mass.
(D) Hatchet Brand Lima Beans. (Sub-label, "Packed
from dried California lima beans/' but picture
of green pods on label is misleading, and it is
not permissible to correct a wrong label by a
sub-label. Should be called <( Hatchet Brand,
Soaked Dried Lima Beans." Wholesome, but
inferior to green product and it is a question-
able procedure economically, to can dried
beans.)
Van Camp Packing Company, The, Indianapolis, In-
diana.
"Ar Hominy, Van Camp's Hulled Corn.
^r Pork and Beans, prepared with tomato sauee.
(Too little pork.)
* Pork and Beans, Plain. (Too little pork.)
Webster, Fred L., Adams, New York.
fc Spinach, Webster's Brand Cultivated.
White, John F., Mt. Morris, N. Y.
* Sweet Corn, Sweet Violet Brand, Choicest.
Williams, R. C., and Company, New York, N. Y.
* Corn, Royal Scarlet, Evergreen.
CANNED GOODS 71
if Peas, Royal Scarlet, Early Sweet.
if Spinach, Robin Hood Brand.
(D) String Beans, Economy Brand Refugee. (Nearly
y 2 water. Very slack fill.)
Yours Truly Company, Chicago, 111.
if Pork and Beans, Yours Truly. (Too little pork.)
VI
CEREALS AND CEEEAL PRODUCTS
BREAKFAST FOODS
MANY are the letters received in regard to the
cereal breakfast foods, especially for chil-
dren's use. One mother writes me: "Two small
youngsters are anxiously awaiting your opinion in
regard to their favorite shredded wheat, grape
nuts, and post toasties." With few exceptions, a
general statement will serve to give the facts in
regard to all of the leading brands of cereal
products and breakfast food's sold in packages.
They are nutritious, cleanly products, contain-
ing the greater part of the nutriment of the
grain and in some cases all of it. They are put
up in a sanitary package and are convenient,
and afford variety. You do not get anywhere
near as much nutrition for the same amount
of money as when you buy the simple grains, such
as whole wheat, cornmeal, oatmeal, etc., in bulk.
If you realize this, however, and are willing to pay
for the convenience and variety, there is no reason
why they should not be used. The coromeal and
73
CEREALS AND CEREAL PRODUCTS 73
oatmeal are somewhat heavy and heating, so that
unless a person is doing heavy, physical work, it
might be well to use a less concentrated food. The
whole wheat and the old fashioned oatmeal and
cornmeal can never be surpassed or equaled as
wholesome economic foods, giving the greatest
amount of nutriment for the smallest amount of
money. It must be remembered that the amount
of nutrition present is not the only point involved
in wholesomeness and the coarser form of the
natural grains and the presence of bran have a
beneficial effect upon the bowels as well as furnish-
ing additional mineral ingredients.
The processing of foods by "predigesting" and
grinding, in my opinion, renders them relatively
less wholesome though not less nutritious, inas-
much as performing the work of the teeth and the
digestive organs for them decreases their activity
and in time affects their functioning if it is car-
ried too far. Nevertheless, the moderate use of
the package cereals is an undoubted boon under
our present conditions of life and they may fill a
valuable and convenient place in the dietary, if not
used exclusively.
The most serious charge to be brought against
package cereals is the exaggerated claims made
for their nutritive value. One becomes confused
1001 TESTS
among so many products, each one of which is "the
richest in nourishment," "the most easily di-
gested, even by chronic invalids," "immediately
converted into muscle and brain activity," etc., etc.
Oatmeal is the heaviest of cereals and still so excel-
lent a brand as Hornby's Steam Cooked Oatmeal
claims to be "Good for invalids and those with
weak stomachs," merely because it is thoroughly
cooked.
' ' The road to Wellville " is to be traveled by eat-
ing Grape Nuts, a meaningless name applied to a
mixture of cooked barley and wheat. The an-
alysis of this product shows it to contain a very
fair amount of protein, about 11 per cent., with an
equal amount of sugar, and no more mineral in-
gredients than any wheat and barley mixture
should have. There are no "brain foods" as
such. It is a great pity for these products
to be burdened with such senseless exaggerations
as to leave the consumer in the dark as to the rela-
tive merits of different grains and the special con-
ditions under which they should be used.
TESTED BREAKFAST FOODS
(Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100 j (N) indicates a
noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products
(D), rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for
details as to method of rating.)
CEREALS AND CEREAL PRODUCTS 75
Cream of Wheat Company, Minneapolis, Minn.
^r Cream of Wheat. (Germ and bran of the wheat
removed, a commendable product, but name
somewhat misleading.)
Farwell and Rhines, Watertown, N. Y.
(N) Barley Crystals. (Name meaningless. The whole
grains are represented to be irritating and un-
desirable, giving a false impression.)
(D) Cresco Grits. (Three packages showed insect in-
fection. Claims to be "virtually free from
bran or germ/ 9 "the fermenting elements of
grain/' misleading, as the whole grain is a
better "waste repairing food.")
Five Kernels Food Company, The, Detroit, Michigan.
(N) The Five Food Kernels. ( A mixture of different
grains. Contains less nutriment than a good
oatmeal, less mineral than a whole wheat.
Over burdened with such claims as this, "A
more strengthening food than meat and po-
tatoes," etc.)
H. O. Company, The, Buffalo, N. T.
* Hornby's Steam Cooked Oatmeal.
(N) Force. (Good product; bad claims; not espe-
cially "good for indigestion"; amount of "bar*
ley malt" used would not add any notable di-
gestive properties; "No other cereal is as nu~
tritious," misleading.)
76 1001 TESTS
Hygienic Food Company, Battle Creek, Michigan.
(N) Mapl-Flake. The Whole Wheat. (Not a true
whole wheat. Low in nitrogen with an addi-
tional amount of bran added. Not enough
maple present to warrant name. A good prod-
uct over-burdened with claims.)
Jireh Diabetic Food Company, New York, N. Y.
(D) Jireh Diatetic Wheat Nuts. (Contains 50 per
cent, of starch; claims to "be a correct diet for
diabetes, gout, rheumatism, etc., starch too high,
and statement ff proper proportion of carbohy-
drates" is evasive; amounts should be stated
for protection of patient. Value of the change
made in the starch is problematic.)
Kellogg Toasted Corn Flake Company, Battle Creek,
Michigan.
* Kellogg 's Toasted Corn Flakes.
* Toasted Wheat Biscuit. (Claims as to special
process and retaining all of the vital elements
of the whole wheat are somewhat overdrawn.
Probably extra bran added.)
National Oats Company, St. Louis, Mo.
* National Oats. (Slightly exaggerated claims as
to special nutritive value.)
Postum Cereal Company, Battle Creek, Mich.
* Post Toasties.
(N) Grape Nuts. (Claims as to nutritive value ex-
CEREALS AND CEREAL PRODUCTS 77
aggerated; not a brain or nerve food in any
special sense, name misleading.)
Quaker Oats Company, Chicago, 111.
* Quaker Puffed Wheat.
(N) Quaker Toasted Corn Flakes. (Good but not the
whole grain. Claims "We retain all the val-
uable health and strength giving elements," but
is largely starchy part of corn; minerals and
proteins low.)
ir Quaker Puffed Rice. (Slightly exaggerated state-
ments as to ease of digestion and assimilation.
Recommended for dyspeptics, delicate children,
etc.)
(N) Quaker Rolled White Oats. (Excellent product
for which impossible claims are made. Is not
"The best oat meal made." Others are as
good. Is not "better in quality and flavor than
any cereal food made.")
* Fancy Grits, Granulated Hominy.
Ralston Purina Company, St. Louis, Mo.
* Ralston Wheat Food.
Seaboard Rice Milling Company, Galveston, Texas.
* Cereal, Comet Brand.
Seaman Brothers, New York, N. Y.
* White Rose Brand Hominy.
Shredded Wheat Company, Niagara Falls, N. Y.
* Shredded Wheat. (Truly the whole wheat.)
78 1001 TESTS
Tyler, Byron, Kansas City, Missouri.
(N) Raw Food. (A mixture of ground wheat, ground
nuts, whole raisins and oil, the latter some-
what rancid. A product not adapted to gen-
eral merchandising, and most extravagant
claims made as to the effects and desirability
of raw food.)
Uncle Sam Breakfast Food Company, Omaha, Ne-
braska.
(D) Uncle Sam Health Pood. (A mixture of flaked
wheat and ground flaxseed, flavored with salt
and a trace of celery seed. A harmless and
nutritious mixture, 19 per cent, fat, and 19 per
cent, protein, having laxative value, with such
extravagant claims as "A perfectly balanced ra-
tion." "Rheumatism also asthma, are re-
lieved, as well as kidney and bladder disorders."
"Endorsed by leading physicians everywhere."
"A substitute for meat, ready to eat," etc.)
United Cereal Mills Ltd., Quincy, HI.
* Washington Crisps.
Wheatena Company, The, Rahway, N. J.
* Wheatena.
Yours Truly Company, The, Chicago, Illinois.
* Tours Truly Certified Rolled Oats.
FLOUES, MEALS, AND BEANS
The main points to be considered in regard to a
flour are that it should not be bleached by poison-
ous chemicals to produce an unnatural whiteness
(and in attaining this ideal the housekeeper can
help much by increasing the demand for the
creamy loaf, instead of the one that is unnaturally
white), the presence of the proper amount of nitro-
gen and mineral ingredients, fair weight and
agreement with the label. More expensive flours
such as buckwheat and rye are sometimes adulter-
ated with others costing less. It is only the patent
or the white flours, of course, which are bleached.
In regard to the graham or whole wheat flours,
there is much confusion and much difficulty in get-
ting the true article. The trade, almost without
exception, understands an "entire wheat" flour
to be a flour between the patent and the graham,
that is to say, some of the bran has been removed
and it is more finely ground than the graham but
coarser than the white. It is an intermediate
product. Plainly this is an established trade mis-
nomer, as the flour of the "entire wheat" should be
just that, the entire wheat unbolted and should
79
80 1001 TESTS
be the same as a true graham flour. Graham flour
is not only brown in color, consisting of the whole
wheat, including the bran with its additional pro-
tein and mineral ingredients, but it is an unbolted,
coarsely ground product, which has a health value,
in its effect upon the intestines apart from the
question of nutrition. Here we have a funda-
mental difficulty involving long established trade
conditions. The flour is separated into many dif-
ferent portions in the mill and the tendency is to
reassemble the different products of the mill and
combine them, giving many different grades of so-
called graham flour, instead of coarsely grinding
the unbolted whole grain as should be done. Of
course, one may artificially make up a graham flour
that will closely approach the composition of the
true article, but it is easy to see how many varia-
tions will occur under these conditions, and too
often excessive amounts of bran and low grade
flour are combined to pass as graham or " whole
wheat. " The graham flours which have been
starred in the following list are of high ash (min-
eral) and nitrogen content and comply with the
standard for a true graham.
The two other classes of products calling for
comment are the so-called self-rising flours and the
gluten flours. The self-rising mixtures contain
CEREALS AND CEREAL PRODUCTS 81
large amounts of baking powder, usually, which, in
my opinion, is objectionable and you pay, of
course, for the mere convenience of having some
one add the baking powder to your flour for you.
I cannot look with much favor upon these artificial
mixtures. The claims for them are usually over-
stated and you pay a large price for the relative
convenience afforded. They cannot be said to be
objectionable, however, except on this score and
the fact of the large amount of baking powder
present.
The so-called gluten flours, from which all or a
large part of the starch is supposed to have been
removed to fit them especially for diabetics and
others who cannot readily digest starch, have been
much abused in labeling and the buyer has been led
to believe that the product was virtually free from
starch, when such is not the case. Labels should
be carefully read and the amount of starch present
should be declared on them to protect diabetics and
those whose starch supply must be carefully con-
trolled.
TESTED FLOURS, MEALS, AND BRANS
(Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; (N) indicates a
noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products
(D), rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page utviii for
detail* aa to method of rating.)
82 1001 TESTS
Christian Company, The, New York City.
(D) Vieno Bran. ("Nature's remedy for constipa-
tion, stomach and intestinal trouble" mislead-
ing. In abnormal conditions of stomach and
intestines it might be irritating. Good for con-
stipation, but better to take bran as found m
the whole grain, rather than to use it for medi-
cation in large quantities.)
(N) Vieno- Self -Raising Bran Meal. (Not sufficient
nitrogen and mineral ingredients for a first-
class bran meal; not enough leavening to be
called self-raising.)
Davis Milling Company, St. Joseph, Mo.
(N) Aunt Jemima's Brand Pancake Flour, Self Ris-
ing. (Rather extravagant claims and too large
an amount of baking powder.)
Duluth Superior Milling Company, Superior, "Wis-
consin.
* Duluth Imperial Patent Flour.
Ekenberg Company, Cortland, N. Y.
(N) Teco Brand Self-Rising Mixture of Buckwheat,
Wheat and Corn Flour with Malted Butter-
milk. (Large amount of baking powder pres-
ent. Claims of superiority and value of malted
buttermilk present questionable.)
(N) Teco Brand Self -Rising Pancake Flour, a mix-
ture of Malted Buttermilk (powdered) with
wheat and corn flour. (Large amount of bak-
CEREALS AND CEREAL PRODUCTS 83
ing powder present. Amount of malted 'butter-
milk small.)
(N) Teco Brand Buttermilk Boston Brown Bread
Flour. (Amount of taking powder present
rather large. Claims as to amount of butter-
milk present dubious.)
Farwell and Rhines, Watertown, N. T.
* Pure Wheat Product Cresco Flour.
* Pure "Wheat Product Gluten Flour.
Forest Home Farm, Purcellville, Va.
* Forest Home Corn Meal.
Franklin Mills Company, Batavia, N. Y.
* Franklin Mills Flour. A fine flour, of the entire
wheat with a part of the bran removed. (Not
a true graham a typical commercial f( entire
wheat" truthfully labeled.)
Greenhut-Siegel Cooper Company, New York, N. Y.
* Fountain Brand Whole Wheat Flour. (A little
of coarser bran removed as indicated by a
rather low ash content; nitrogen good a high
grade wheat.)
* Fountain Brand Patent Flour.
Hecker Cereal Company, New York City.
* Hecker 's Pure White Wheat Graham Flour. (Ash
content (mineral ingredients, due to bran)
good f but nitrogen rather low.)
84 1001 TESTS
Hecker- Jones- Jewell, Milling Company.
(N) Superlative Self-Raising Flour Compound.
(Slightly short weight; amount of baking pow-
der rather high, though less than any other
self-raising flour examined. A good flour of its
kind.)
Igleheart Brothers, Evansville, Indiana.
(N) Swans Down Prepared Cake Flour. (A white
flour low in nitrogen and gluten and so "better
adapted to cake making than bread making.
Claims regarding special secret process and
"best ingredients of the wheat" not war-
ranted.)
* Swans Down Cracked Wheat.
Jireh Diabetic Food Company, New York, N. Y.
(D) Jireh Flour.
(D) Jireh Diatetic Patent Barley. (Claim special
value for diabetics; 60 per cent, and 67 per
cent, of starch respectively present; mislead-
ing and might be dangerous.)
Johnson Educator Food Company, Boston, Mass.
* Educator Packed Whole Wheat Flour. (Nitro-
gen and ash figures are just within minimum
limits for a true whole wheat. Either a Uttle
bran removed or the wheat was not so "high
grade" as claimed.)
^r Educator Packed Cold Ground New Process Rye
Meal. (A good product but slightly short
CEREALS AND CEREAL PRODUCTS 85
Knox-Crutchfield, Richmond, Va.
* Pamunkey Mills Old Virginia Cornmeal.
Northern Light Milling Company, Owatomna, Min-
nesota.
(N) Northern Light Brand Compound Self-rising Buck-
wheat Flour and Wheat Flour. (Large amount
of phosphate baking powder. Product said to
be "The best ever used or money refunded. 99 )
Northwestern Consolidated Milling Company, Min-
neapolis, Minn.
(N) Ceresota Flour. (A good patent flour ; but claims
that it makes more bread to the barrel and is
more nutritious than other patent flours, to-
accurate.)
Pillsbury Flour Mills Company, Minneapolis, Minn.
* Pillsbury 's Flour Best XXXX.
Purina Mills, St. Louis, Mo.
* Purina Whole Wheat Flour. (A commercial, so-
called "entire wheat" from which the bran has
been partially removed, as stated on label.
Not a true graham. A medium flour between
the patent and the true "whole wheat.")
Roman Meal Company, Tacoma, U. S. A.
(D) Roman Meal. (Product consists largely of bran,
some ground wheat, and probably rye and a
small quantity of flaxseed; Claims to "cure
constipation" and "is the most nourishing food
sold" as well; to contain "Flaxoae, a secret
86 1001 TESTS
preparation by which pure ground flax is
partly digested and deprived entirely of its
disagreeable odor and taste/' etc. Claims ex-
travagant, though product is nutritious and
would tend to prevent constipation.)
Russell-Miller Company, Minneapolis, Minn.
(N) Occident Flour. (A first-class patent flour but
does not make (( a better bread than that from
any other flour" as claimed.)
Potter and Wrightington, Boston, Mass.
(D) Old Grist Mill Brand Flour, for health bread.
(Exaggerated claims: Not a remedy for dys-
pepsia; apoplexy, Bright 's disease, etc., not
due to white bread; contains but little more
nourishment than the best patent. Lacking in
the bran necessary to substantiate claims that
it is a remedy for constipation. Considerable
insect infection of sample examined.)
Sands, Taylor and Wood Company, Minnesota.
(N) King Arthur Flour. (Sample examined was a
first-class patent flour. Misleadingly branded,
as this company are Boston jobbers and prod-
uct appears to be manufactured by them in
Minnesota.)
Shane Brothers and Wilson Company.
* Golden Touch King Midas Flour. (Meaningless
claim "The highest price flour in America and
CEREALS AND CEREAL PRODUCTS 87
worth all it costs." Has no advantage over
other standard patents.)
Sicgel-Cooper Company, N. Y.
if Fountain Graham Flour.
Southwestern Milling Company, The.
* Aristos (flour).
Washburn-Crosby Company, Minneapolis, Minn.
* Gold Medal Flour.
RICE
The great point of interest in regard to rice is
whether or not it is coated with talc or glucose
which under the law is a practice that must be de-
clared on the label, as the coating may conceal in-
feriority, and the housekeeper should be warned
to wash such a rice thoroughly.
Eice may be white, having lost the outer brown-
ish skin, and yet be uncontaminated with glucose
and talc, and truthfully labeled as "uncoated," but
should not be called " unpolished, " as it is not the
whole rice, the outer brown coat containing ad-
ditional protein and mineral having been removed
in the mechanical polishing process. It is claimed
that beriberi, a very dangerous disease, is pro-
duced when white rice forms practically the whole
of the diet, as it does in the Far East. While there
is no reason to fear this where rice forms only a
part of the diet and the necessary minerals and
proteins are obtained from other sources, it shows
that important food elements are lost in peeling
the rice and that this practice tends further to
' ' demineralize ' ' the food supply.
88
CEREALS AND CEREAL PRODUCTS 89
TESTED RICES
Fischer, B., and Company, New York, N. Y.
* Hotel Astor Rice Invalid's Pood. Uncoated.
(Not a whole rice but a good uncoated product,
correctly labeled, mineral ingredients 0.37 per
cent.)
Carque, Otto, Los Angeles, Cal.
if Carque 's Natural Whole Rice. (A true brown
whole rice, 1.25 per cent, of mineral ingred-
ients.)
Kimball and Marxsen Rice Products Company, Chi-
cago, 111.
(N) White Swan Milk Rice, Granulated. (Some milk
present but claims "In food value ranks higher
than any other cereal." "A perfect food for
children and for the sick and convalescent, for
which it has no equal;" "accepted when all
other foods are rejected," etc., not warranted.)
Leggett, Francis H., and Company, New York, N. Y.
if Natural Brown Rice. (A true whole rice 9 1.03 per t
cent, of mineral ingredients.)
McFadden-Wiess-Kyle Rice Milling Company, Beau-
mont, Texas.
(D) Apex Brand, Unpolished. (An "uncoated" rice
but claims made as to food value and great
amount of nitrogen not warranted. Not an
90 1001 TESTS
"unpeeled" rice; it is polished, containing only
0.4 per cent, of mineral ingredients.)
Seaboard Rice Milling Company, Galveston, Texas.
*k Natural Brown Comet Brand Rice. (A true un-
polished rice containing a few grains, not of
the best quality. Extravagant claims formerly
made with misleading statements as to rice be-
ing (f the most nutritious and easily digested of
all cereals," etc., have been corrected.)
if Rice, Comet Brand Unkoted. (A polished rice,
not coated. Excessive claims formerly made as
to its being richest in elements of food value,
<e nothing added, nothing taften away," (( most
nutritious and easily digested of all cereals,
etc.," have been withdrawn. Having been pol-
ished the outer coating had been taken away, as
shown by the content of mineral ingredients,
which was only 0.43 per cent., whereas the
brown rice of the same brand contained 1.22
per cent, of ash. Two typical products now
intelligently labeled.)
SPAGHETTI AND MACARONI
The wheat products made from the partially
bolted and finely ground flour of hard glutinous
wheat, and molded into various shapes, whether
tubular, flat or cylindrical, are known as macaroni
and spaghetti accordingly as they are of the larger
or smaller variety. These products are excellent
from the 'viewpoint of nutrition, palatability and
economy. In some cases the ash (mineral ingredi-
ents) and nitrogen content indicate that a very
large portion of the wheat grain has been utilized.
For health purposes it would be advisable, if tech-
nically possible, to make macaroni out of the whole
wheat When combined with tomato and cheese
the dish is not only more palatable, but the amount
of nourishment is increased and we have a better
balanced ration. While the macaroni contains
considerable protein, it is largely a starchy food
and the cheese rounds out the ration adding more
protein and fat, while the tomato gives flavor and
vegetable acids. There is a rumor going about
that one should never combine acids with starchy
food. This is based on the fact that the digestion
of starch begins in the mouth by the action of the
saliva but is checked by the presence of the acid.
91
92 1001 TESTS
While this is theoretically true, the extent to which!
starch digestion is suspended in the stomach is
well known. The work of the saliva begins again
in the small intestine activated by the pancreatic
secretion.
In some cases, eggs are incorporated with the
wheat flour, which further increases the nutritive
value of this food. The lecithin of the egg is
especially important. Efforts to sell lecithin
products in artificial preparations and as tonics
are of dubious efficacy and the public will do much
better to depend upon eggs, whole wheat and nuts
for their lecithin. Unfortunately some manufac-
turers simulate the presence of egg by artificial
color. This practice is wholly disreputable, and
the misleading use of the word " egg" in the brand
or name of the product cannot be ethically coun-
terbalanced by the statement that there is no egg
present. The claim that egg is used is substanti-
ated by determining the notable increase in the
lecithin components of the product. The con-
sumption of macaronis might well be increased
with advantage to the consumer from the point of
view of both nutrition and economy.
CEREALS AND CEREAL PRODUCTS 93
TESTED SPAGHETTI AND MACARONI
(Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; (#) indicates a
noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products
(D), rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for
details as to method of rating.)
Cleveland Macaroni Company, Cleveland, Ohio.
(D) Golden Egg Alphabets, contain no egg. (Mis-
branded, not permissible to misname a product
and make subsequent correction.)
(N) Golden Egg Brand Macaroni. Contain no egg.
(Brand name slightly misleading. Composi-
tion good extravagant claims as to supe-
riority.)
Foulds Milling Company, Cincinnati and Chicago.
* Fould's Macaroni.
* Fould's Spaghetti.
Freihofer's Vienna Baking Company, Philadelphia, Pa.
* Freihofer's Egg Macaroni. (Egg present in small
amount.)
Heinz, H. J., Company, Pittsburgh, Pa.
it Spaghetti L'ltalienne. (Canned, with tomato
sauce, ready for eating; contains 82 per cent, of
moisture.)
Jireh Diabetic Food Company, New York, N. T.
-Ar Macaroni. (A good macaroni but has 58% of
starch, not for diabetics, no special claim made
94 1001 TESTS
in this regard, though the name of the com-
pany might be misleading.)
Maull Brothers, St. Louis, Mo.
if Faust Brand Spaghetti.
Mueller, C. F. Company, Jersey City, N. J.
* Spaghetti.
Van Camp Packing Company, Indianapolis, Indiana.
if Spaghetti Italian Style. (A canned spaghetti,
contains 76 per cent, of moisture.)
Woodcock Macaroni Company, Rochester, N. Y.
(N) Woodcock Macaroni. (Excessive claims as to spe-
cial food value etc.; is a very good product
containing slightly more mineral ingredients
than is usual.)
Yours Truly Company, Distributors, Chicago, 111.
if Yours Truly Macaroni Short Cuts.
if Yours Truly Spaghetti.
vn
CONDIMENTS
THE spices are examined to determine whether
they come up to the established standards,
are true to name, free from starch, hulls or other
neutral adulterants which detract from the flavor,
and are full weight. Considerable trouble is ex-
perienced on the latter score, especially on small
packages, due in some cases it is said to the dry-
ing out of the mixture, and it is held that this
should be allowed for. The loss of weight, how-
ever, should not always fall upon the consumer,
even small weight packages should average the
weight declared on the container, some packages
running above and some below the required
amounts. Of the compounded condiments, tomato
catsup is probably of the most general interest and
has been the product most adulterated. The use
of benzoate of soda in these catsups has been
fiercely contested, but has been abandoned by prac-
tically all well known manufacturers, with the
exception of the Curtice Brothers. It has been
proved that if clean, fresh, raw material is used
95
96 1001 TESTS
and handled quickly in a sanitary way with com-
plete sterilization there is no danger of spoilage
and no need of an injurious chemical preservative.
The chemically preserved products are also of
lower quality because they can be made to keep
with less concentration and when you buy a benzo-
ated catsup you usually buy more water. The
benzoated samples examined contained from 14 to
21 per cent, of solids while some of the leading
brands depending on sterilization and concentra-
tion only ran as high as 33 to 38 per cent. Watch
the label and see if benzoate of soda is declared.
The prepared salad dressings vary greatly in
character. None of them compares in quality with
a home-made mayonnaise. They are often thick-
ened with starch or gum and artificially colored
with turmeric or a coal tar dye to make up for the
egg that is not there. Frequently no oil or egg
at all is to be found. The two samples admitted to
the star list contained egg and 35 and 50 per cent,
of oil, were not artificially colored, and did not
depend upon gum and starch for their thickening.
They are probably as good products of the kind as
are to be found. A salad dressing containing
neither oil nor egg is not considered worthy of the
name, though it may not be injurious.
The vinegars reported were tested carefully, to
CONDIMENTS 97
determine whether or not they were true to name
and had the amount of acetic acid required by the
standard. While the fermented vinegars made
from cider, apples, wine or grapes are of the
choicest quality, having a finer flavor, the malt,
sugar and glucose products or the distilled vine-
gars made from grains, if they are properly
labeled and honestly sold, have legitimate uses.
The housekeeper has a right to vinegar of a certain
established strength. She can add water herself
if the product is too acid. There is no reason why
she should pay the manufacturer for water. A
diluted acetic acid is not vinegar any more than
diluted alcohol is wine. The original material
from which the vinegar is fermented is what gives
it its distinctive flavor and delicacy. There is no
reason why the cheaper vinegars, such as spirit,
distilled or grain vinegar, should not be used for
pickling and in mixtures, if they are properly
labeled and sold for a lower price. The artificial
coloring of colorless vinegars, such as the spirit
and glucose products, to give them the appearance
of the cider and wine vinegars, is of course fraud-
ulent. The housekeeper can do much to protect
herself by carefully reading the labels and by not
buying a product that is evasively branded or
which declares artificial color.
98 1001 TESTS
TESTED CONDIMENTS
(Starred products (*) arc rated at 85 to 100; (N) indicates a
noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products
(D), rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for
details as to method of rating.)
Austin-Nichols and Company, New York, N. Y.
* Sunbeam Pure Food Tomato Catsup. (No ben-
zoate, no artificial coloring and contains 30 per
cent, of solids.)
Beech-Nut Packing Company, Canajoharie, N. Y.
if Oscar's Sauce.
* Tomato Catsup. (25 per cent, of solids.)
Bell, Wm. G., Company, Boston, Mass.
if Poultry Seasoning.
Colburn, The A., Company, Philadelphia, Pa.
if Allspice.
* Celery Salt.
if Cinnamon.
if Cloves. (Above minimum standard.)
if Curry Powder.
* Ginger.
* Leaf Peppermint Cooking Herbs.
if Leaf Savory.
* Leaf Sweet Basil.
if Leaf Thyme.
if Mace.
if Madras Turmeric.
* Mustard.
CONDIMENTS 99
^r Nutmeg. (Above minimum standard.)
* Paprika.
if Pepper, Black, Natuna Brand. ( Was about 4 per
cent, above minimum standard.)
if Pepper, Red.
* Pepper, White. (Was about 4 per cent, above
minimum standard.)
* Onion Salt.
^r Pastry Spice.
* Sage, Rubbed.
* Spiced Poultry Seasoning.
if Sweet Marjoram.
(A good line of spices complying with the
standards. Some are slightly above the mini-
mum standard "but the following extravagant
claims can not be approved: "The standard
goods of America, guaranteed of the finest qual-
ity, absolutely pure, and far superior to the
standard required by law. 9 ' This criticism
applies only to large packages; small cartons are
conservatively labeled.)
Colman, J. and J., London.
* Mustard.
Cresca Company.
* Vinegar, Pinard Brand, Packed in France, Pure
Grape Salad, Estragon Flavor.
100 1001 TESTS
Crosse and Blackwell, London.
^r Currie Powder, Genuine India Pure Currie Pow-
der.
T*r Malt Vinegar, Pure.
^ Malt Vinegar Flavored with Tarragon.
Curtice Brothers Company, Rochester, N. Y.
(D) Tomato Ketchup. (Preserved with sodium ben-
zoate and thin as compared with first class cat-
sups; only 19 per cent, solids.)
Diamond Crystal Salt Company, St. Glair, Michigan.
* Shaker Tahle Salt with 1 per cent, carbonate of
magnesia.
Durkee and Company, E. R., New York, N. Y.
* Salad Dressing and Meat Sauce. (Good quality
for a commercial salad dressing containing egg
and oil; not a "rich mayonnaise" as claimed.)
Fischer, B., and Company, New York.
* Allspice, Strictly Pure.
* Pepper, White.
* Sage, Strictly Pure.
Frear, Fred, New York, N. Y.
(D) My Wife's Salad Dressing. (Colored with a per-
mitted coal tar dye; only 8 per cent, of oil
present and no egg determinate; harmless but
not a true salad dressing.)
Gaidry, Lowell R., New Orleans.
* Tabasco Pepper Sauce. (A good product; at first
over-burdened with impossible claims as to di-
CONDIMENTS 101
gestive and medicinal value; statements en-
tirely revised.)
Heinz, H. J., Company, Pittsburgh, Pa.
* Chili Sauce.
it Tomato Ketchup. (33 per cent, total solids.)
* Cider Vinegar, Pure Fermented.
* Malt Vinegar, Pure Fermented.
Holbrook and Company, London, Manchester and
Birmingham.
(N) Worcestershire Sauce. (Good quality but makes
extravagant claims as to superiority and use-
fulness.)
Howard, J. F., Haverhill, Mass.
* Salad Dressing. (Good quality, containing 50 per
cent, of oil, egg, and no artificial coloring; sam-
ple examined slightly short weight.)
Koenig and Schuster, New York, N. Y.
* Tomato Catsup, Princess Brand. (34.5 per cent.
of total solids.)
Lea and Perrins, "Worcester, England.
* Worcestershire Sauce.
Libby, McNeill and Libby, Chicago, 111.
* Chili Sauce, Pure.
* Tomato Catsup, Pure. (38.6 per cent, of solids.)
Mcllhenny, E., New Iberia, Louisiana.
(D) Tabasco Pepper Sauce. (Good quality, but ab-
surd claims as to its being a preventative for
102 1001 TESTS
dyspepsia, relieving headache, neuralgia and
rheumatism, hygienic and economic claims, etc.)
McMechen Preserving Company, Wheeling, "W. Va.
(D) Prepared Mustard. (Colored with turmeric, very
low in total solids (12 per cent.). Proportions
of mixture given on label could not be present.)
Marzahl, W., 171 Spring Street, New York, N. Y.
^r Cider Vinegar, Pure.
Mohawk Valley Cider Company, 73-75 Huron Street,
Brooklyn, N. Y.
* Vinegar, Pure Cider.
(N) Vinegar, Pure White. (See Wayn* County
White Vinegar.)
Morehouse Mills, Chicago and Los Angeles.
(N) Horseradish-Mustard, Cream Brand, Prepared.
(Contains turmeric and but little horseradish.)
(D) Mustard, Mrs. Morehouse 's Cream Brand, Pre-
pared. (Contains turmeric and gum.)
(D) Salad Dressing, Mrs. Morehouse 's Cream Brand.
(No oil or egg found; contains turmeric, gum
and flavoring.)
National Onion Salt Company.
* Onion Salt.
New England Maple Syrup Company, Boston, Mass.
(D) Mustard, Golden Tree. (Price low, the turmeric
and starch present lower the quality, though
they are declared on label; not a standard
"prepared mustard. 9 ')
CONDIMENTS 103
Olney, Burt, Canning Company, Oneida, N. Y.
^ Ketchup. (21 per cent, of total solids.)
Palisade Manufacturing Company, West Hoboken,
N. Y.
* Tournade's Kitchen Bouquet. (A mixture of
vegetable and meat extracts with flavoring prin-
ciples; no preservatives; probably colored with
caramel (burnt sugar) ; harmless and conven-
ient, but not "indispensable" as formerly
claimed.)
Pritchard, E., 331 Spring Street, New York, N. Y., and
Bridgeton, N. J.
(D) Tomato Catsup, Pride of the Farm. (Contained
0.17 per cent, of benzoate of soda; only one-
tenth of one per cent, declared on the label.
Had 21 per cent, of total solids.)
Rabb, Charley Inc., 237-239 W. 60th St., New York,
N. Y.
(D) Tomato Catsup, Blue Eibbon. (Contained over
two-tenths per cent, of benzoate and is very low
in solid material, in common mth most low
grade products; 14.5 per cent, of solids.)
Ritter Conserve Company, P. J., Philadelphia, Pa.
(N) Tomato Catsup, Pure, Whole. (No preservative
or artificial color. Two of five samples were
very low in total solids, the other three being
satisfactory. Shows two grades of stock still
on market.)
104 1001 TESTS
if Tomato Catsup with Tabasco, Whole, Pure. (25
per cent, of total solids.)
Slade, D. and L., Company, Boston, Mass.
* Cayenne, Absolutely Pure.
+; Cinnamon, Absolutely Pure.
it Cloves, Absolutely Pure.
if Celery Salt, Absolutely Pure.
if Curry Powder, East India.
if Ginger, Absolutely Pure.
(N) Mace, Absolutely Pure. (Some question as to
the species of mace used; possibility of admix-
ture of Bombay or other wild mace. Evidence
not conclusive.)
it Nutmeg, Absolutely Pure.
it Paprika, Absolutely Pure.
if Pepper, Absolutely Pure.
if Pepper, Absolutely Pure, White.
* Pimento, Absolutely Pure.
T*r Sage, Absolutely Pure.
(N) Salad Cream, Absolutely Pure, Healthful. (No
oil, but butter is used, a little egg, sugar, wheat
starch, and spices, etc., as stated on the label.)
if Savory, Absolutely Pure.
* Spice, Absolutely Pure Pickling, Whole Mixed
Spice.
if Thyme, Absolutely Pure. ("Absolutely pvre"
claim objectionable as always; tendency to
CONDIMENTS 105
slight short weight on some small packages.
Quality very good.)
Snider, T. A., Preserves Company, Cincinnati, Ohio.
* Chili Sauce.
it Tomato Catsup. (23 per cent, of solids.)
Stickney and Poor Spice Company, Boston, Mass.
* Cloves, Absolutely Pure. (Claim objectionable.)
^r Mustard, Extra Fine.
Tildesley and Company, Chicago, Ills.
(N) Yacht Club Salad Dressing. (A small amount of
oil and some egg; colored only mth turmeric;
good but hardly of star quality.)
Wayne County Produce Company, Greenpoint, L. I.,
N. Y.
it Cider Vinegar.
(N) Spirit Vinegar, Pure White. (A good grain
vinegar, true to type and properly labeled.
This type is not a true aromatic vinegar at all
and is inferior in quality and flavor to the wine
and cider products.)
Worcester Salt Company, New York City ? N. Y.
* Ivory Shaker Salt.
Yours Truly Company, The, Chicago, Illinois.
* Ground Paprika.
* Ground Pepper.
(D) Salad Dressing. (No oil present. Depends on
106 1001 TESTS
turmeric for color and gum for thickening; not
permissible mixture for a salad dressing.)
Spices, Whole Mixed.
Tomato Catsup.
VIII
DESSEETS
READY-TO-USE desserts like most time-
saving foods give you only fair quality at
a relatively large price. It is not claimed that
they are injurious but it is not considered that they
are either high grade food products or econom-
ical. The Jello, Nesnah and Tryphosa desserts
are probably the best of their kind, but consist
mostly of sugar (about 85-90 per cent.), with a
little gelatin, flavoring, and coloring matter, for
which extravagant excellencies and great original-
ity are claimed. As sugar is only five cents a
pound, you can see that they are not an economical
buy for the housewife unless her time is extremely
valuable. Twenty cents a pound for sugar adds
an item to the high cost of living! Gelatin des-
serts, freshly made, uncolored and flavored with
fresh fruit juices must of necessity be superior
in quality.
The straight gelatins themselves present a
fundamental difficulty in that the line is too often
not carefully drawn between glue quality and ed-
107
108 1001 TESTS
ible gelatin quality. Both are made from hides,
bones, and horn pith, and it is the condition
of the raw material and the treatment and tem-
perature that differentiate the two. A high
class glue and a low class gelatin are practically
the same product. Only sanitary inspection
could determine this point absolutely and it is
for this reason that the highest rating has not
been given to gelatins. The tests made, how-
ever, insure you that the finished products are
harmless and of good quality. Another diffi-
culty is the fact that many gelatin dealers buy
up their gelatin from different sources and
their output may vary in excellence. These are
some of the fundamental difficulties in attempting
to classify gelatins as to purity. We can only ad-
vise in general that those examined gave no odor
on standing, had the proper degree of solubility
and contained only minute traces, if any, of sul-
phur dioxide. No dangers are to be feared from
eating these products but constant inspection alone
can insure that sanitary raw material is used
and the proper care taken during the process of
manufacture.
DESSERTS 109
TESTED DESSEETS
(Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; (N) indicates a
noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products
(D), rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for
details as to method of rating.)
Baker, Franklin, Company, Philadelphia, Pa.
* Baker's Premium Shred Cocoanut. (Label states
"Prepared with sugar/ 9 contains about 24 per
cent.)
Chalmers, James, Sons, Williamsville, N. T.
* Transparent Shredded Gelatin.
Ceylon Spice Company, Philadelphia, Pa.
(D) Instantaneous Tapioca. (Absurd claims as to be-
ing a "food for babies/ 9 "preventing prickly
heat, 99 etc. Product is good, though "instan-
taneous 99 claims are also overdrawn.)
Colburn, The A., Company, Philadelphia, Pa.
(N) New Process Hasty Tapioca. (A good product
with such meaningless extravagant claims as
"The standard goods of America/ 9 "Abso-
lutely Pure/ 9 "Superior to the standard re-
quired by law. 99 )
Cox, J. and G., Georgia Mills, Edinborough, Scotland.
* Gelatin.
Crystal Gelatin Company, Boston, Mass.
* Boston Crystal Gelatin.
Diamond Gelatin Company, Chicago, 111.
(N) Diamond Delico, The Double Dessert Straw-
110 1001 TESTS
berry and Orange; Mint-Lemon; Coffee and
Cherry. (Colored with cudbear and other
vegetable dyes, harmless but poor quality and
the little flavor present is completely lost on ex-
posure to air.)
Genesee Pure Food Company, Le Roy, N. Y.
(N) Jello Lemon. (About 85 per cent, sugar; and ar-
tificially colored with a harmless vegetable dye.
Not injurious but not "America's most famous
dessert." Fruit flavors used mostly. Good
of its kind but not of star quality.)
Hansen's Laboratory, Charles, Little Falls, N. Y.
* Junket tablets.
(N) Nesnah Desserts Chocolate, Lemon, Imitation
Raspberry. (86 per cent, to 96 per cent,
sugar, gelatin and trace of permitted coal tar
dye in two cases; not injurious but not high
quality; exaggerated claims.)
Heinz, H. J., Company, Pittsburgh, Pa.
* Gold Medal Mince Meat.
* Heinz Plum Pudding.
Hipolite Company, The, St. Louis, Mo.
(D) Hipolite Snow-Mellow. (Essentially a mixture
of corn starch and egg albumen. In no sense a
substitute for eggs. Harmless, but not of good
quality. Claim, "makes delicious icings, fill-
ings, and meringues without eggs," misleading.)
DESSERTS 111
Knox, Charles B., Company, Johnstown, N. Y.; Mon-
treal, Canada.
* Knox's Gelatin.
Lipton's, New York, London.
(D) Lipton's Gelatin Jelly Tablets. (Flavors, except
in the case of the vanilla and the Madeira
rather flat. Amaranth and Naphthol Yellow S,
permitted coal tar dyes used in all samples.)
Merrell-Soule Company, Syracuse, N. Y.
* None Such Mince Meat.
Minute Tapioca Company, Orange, Mass.
it Minute Gelatin. (Excessive claims as to solubil-
ity, absolute purity, etc., not warranted.)
if Minute Tapioca.
National Starch Company, Corn Products Refining
Company, New York, N. Y.
(N) Kingsford's Oswego Cornstarch. (Specifically
misleading claim as to superiority to arrowroot;
a good corn starch nothing more.)
Ovite Manufacturing Company, Orange, N. J.
(D) Ovite. (A mixture of corn starch and egg albu-
men with salt and colored with annato. Harm-
less but not "A nutritious product which dis-
places the whole egg in cooking/ 9 as claimed.)
(D) White Ovite. (White egg albumen and corn
starch. One dollar a pound. Price excessive
and not a legitimate substitute for the white of
1001 TESTS
Plymouth Rock Gelatin Company, Boston, Mass.
if Plymouth Rock Plain, Granulated Gelatin.
(D) Plymouth Rock Phosphated Granulated Gelatin,
A Compound. (Phosphoric acid objectionable;
does not increase nutrition as claimed, and is
not a satisfactory substitute for lemon.)
Rich, E. C., New York, N. Y.
(N) Tryphosa Lemon Artificially colored. (Nearly
90 per cent, sugar and a permitted coal tar
dye not injurious but not a high grade prod-
uct.)
Whitman, Stephen F., and Son, Inc., Philadelphia, Pa.
(N) Whitman's Marshmallow Whip. (51 per cent,
glucose, 26 per cent, sugar, balance water, gum
and vanillin. Not a substitute for "whipped
cream" in quality or nutritive value, but is
correctly named, as it is of a typical marsh-
mallow composition.)
IX
EXTRACTS
WTH practically no exceptions the flavoring
extracts are guilty of exaggerated claims.
Whether the Baker products are claiming to be
"unequaled in strength," or the Burnett's are
stated to be " so highly concentrated that only com-
paratively little need be used, ' ' or the McMonagle
and Rogers' are said to be " extra strong," or the
Yours Truly Company claims that their products
are from "40 to 60 per cent, above the federal
standard," one and all are drawing a very long
bow. These are first-class products, but they
merely comply with the federal standards or in
some cases exceed the minimum requirements
somewhat. Practically all of the vanilla extracts
are said to be made from "the finest Mexican va-
nilla bean," just as huge amounts of coffees are
labeled "Java and Mocha," regardless of the fact
that the output of both is comparatively small.
We have, therefore, partially disregarded these
general and commonly exaggerated claims, though
by no means approving them, in giving the star
113
114 1001 TESTS
marking to extracts of standard quality, for the
guidance of the buyer.
Flavoring extracts have long been notable sin-
ners in regard to short volume. Often the bottles
are made of thick glass and no particular content
is claimed but the bottle which should hold two
ounces, judging from size and price, holds much
less. Under the new net weight law demanding
that weights and measures be declared on all pack-
ages we might have corrected this evil had not the
vicious provision, that a "reasonable variation"
should be permitted, or small packages exempted,
been inserted in the law. A deduction has in all
cases been made where the output of any manufac-
turer showed a general tendency toward short
weight.
The question most often asked in regard to ex-
tracts is, What are vanillin and coumarin? When
they appear on the label what does this mean?
Are such extracts harmful? The true vanilla ex-
tract made from the vanilla bean is much more del-
icate in flavor and more expensive than that made
from the artificial vanillin obtained from oil of
cloves. Coumarin is a substance obtained from
the Tonka bean and is also a cheaper product of
inferior flavoring quality used in imitations.
EXTRACTS 115
Neither can be said to be harmful, but such a
product should be plainly labeled "imitation" or
"artificial vanillin." It is not enough to label it
"vanilla extract" and then give a list of ingredi-
ents which conveys no meaning to the average
buyer. The true vanilla extract is derived only
from the vanilla bean. We have excluded from
the approved list all imitation extracts, though
many are now honestly labeled, as required by the
law. We consider all of the extracts made from
artificial ethers in the laboratory, and nearly al-
ways colored with coal tar or vegetable dyes to
conceal inferiority, as unworthy of a place in an
approved list of high grade products. They are
used in such small quantities that their harmful-
ness cannot be discussed, but they are not natural
foods and in our estimation could not be classed
among high grade products. The best makers are
endeavoring to provide pure fruit extracts, even in
the case of strawberry, raspberry and other flavors
most difficult to make. Better do without an ex-
tract than use an imitation poorly flavored and
artificially colored.
The new paste extracts are made of gum and
glycerin with appropriate flavors. They are not
injurious, but the extravagant claims made as to
116 1001 TESTS
superiority to alcoholic extracts cannot be main-
tained. They may be more economic for some
purposes and their use is largely a matter of taste.
Their inferior diffusibility is another objection
and the vanilla and lemon extracts do not yield
themselves to this treatment as well as other fla-
vors, like ginger.
TESTED EXTRACTS
(Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; (N) indicates a
noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products
(D) , rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for
details as to method of rating.)
Baker Extract Company, Portland, Maine, and Spring-
field, Mass.
* Almond, Pure Extract.
* Lemon, Pure Extract.
* Onion, Pure Extract.
if Orange, Pure Extract.
* Pineapple, Pure Extract.
(N) Pistachio, Imitation Flavor. (A harmless imita-
tion extract properly labeled, compounded of
vanilla extract, almond extract, glycerin, alco-
hol and a permitted coal tar dye. Not injuri-
ous but not star quality.)
if Raspberry, Pure Extract.
* Strawberry, Pure Extract.
* Vanilla, Pure Extract. (Claim "unequaled in
strength" an exaggeration.)
EXTRACTS 117
Burnett, Joseph, and Company, Boston, Mass.
if Almond.
(N) Banana, Imitation Flavor. (A mixture of amyl
and ethyl acetate in alcohol, correctly labeled.)
* Cherry, Superior Extract.
* Lemon, Superior Extract.
* Orange.
(N) Peach, Imitation Flavor. (Essentially an es-
sence of oil of bitter almonds, with a little
orange flavor; not a true peach flavor.)
* Pineapple.
(N) Pistachio, Imitation Flavor. (A mixture of al-
mond, cinnamon and other oils.)
it Easpberry.
* Strawberry.
* Vanilla.
* Wintergreen, Essence of. (Medicinal claim, which
was criticised as objectionable, has been with-
drawn.)
Christy, Arthur N., and Company, Newark, N. T.
(D) Lemon Flavor. (A paste flavor consisting of
gum and glycerin with too small an amount of
oil of lemon to be determined. States on label
that terpeneless oil of lemon is used with the
true oil. The former is of very inferior qual-
ity. Claims to be "The standard of excel-
lence," and is harmless but of poor quality
and not comparable with the standard alco-
holic extracts.)
118 1001 TESTS
Colburn, The A., Company, Philadelphia, Pa.
* Almond.
* Almond, May Flower Extract, Pure.
* Lemon, May Flower Extract, Pure.
* Orange May Flower Extract, Pure.
* Orange.
* Rose.
* Rose, May Flower Brand, Extract of Pure.
* Vanilla.
(The May Planter Brand represent standard
goods, no more, and no extravagant claims
are made on the label. The other products
are also of good standard quality, but
there is no foundation for the claim that they
are "the standard goods of America," and
"far superior to the standard required by
law. 9 ')
Crescent Manufacturing Company, Seattle, Wash.
(D) Crescent Mapleine. (A harmless substitute
product; consists essentially of burnt sugar
(caramel) and vanillin. Misleading name, cor-
rected by sublabel "Contains no maple sugar,
syrup nor sap but produces a taste similar to
maple."
McCormick and Company, Baltimore, Md.
* Almond, Bee Brand Highest Quality, Absolutely
Pure Extract. (Extreme quality claims cmd
slight short measure.)
EXTRACTS 119
* Ginger, Bee Brand Highest Quality, Absolutely
Ptire Essence.
T<r Lemon, Bee Brand Highest Quality, True.
(D) Orange, Bee Brand Highest Quality Extract,
True Colored. (Below standard and arti-
ficially colored.)
(N) Peach, Bee Brand Concentrated Flavoring, Imi-
tation. (Does not ff taste like fresh fruit"
poor quality.)
(N) Pineapple, Bee Brand Concentrated Flavoring,
Imitation. (Same. )
(N) Rose, Bee Brand Concentrated Flavoring Col-
ored. (Harmless vegetable dye (cudbear)
used.)
* Vanilla, Bee Brand Highest Quality, True Extract.
(Quality claims exaggerated but products
starred were standard.)
McMonagle and Rogers, Middletown, N. Y.
* Almond, Premium Fruit Flavors,
^r Celery, Premium Fruit Flavors.
* Cinnamon, Premium Fruit Flavors.
* Cloves, Premium Fruit Flavors. (Above standard
minimum strength but slightly short measure.)
* Lemon, Premium Fruit Flavors.
(N) Nutmeg, Premium Fruit Flavors. (Short meas-
ure and below standard strength.)
if Onion, Premium Fruit Flavors.
* Orange, Premium Fruit Flavors.
fr Peppermint, Premium Fruit Flavors.
120 1001 TESTS
* Rose, Premium Fruit Flavors.
if Vanilla, Premium Fruit Flavors.
* Wintergreen, Premium Fruit Flavors.
Pitkin, J. M., and Company, Newark, N. Y.
(N) Almond Flavor.
(N) Ginger Flavor.
(Harmless and suitable for some purposes, but
not superior to alcoholic extracts as claimed.)
(N) Lemon Flavor. (OH of lemon fortified with
citral.)
(D) Vanilla Substitute. (Contains vanillin, couma-
rin and caramel coloring, and it is claimed
that it is superior to the pure standard arti-
cle.)
Price Flavoring Extract Company, Chicago, Illinois.
* Dr. Price 's Delicious Flavoring Extract, Vanilla.
Sauer, C. F., Company, Richmond, Va.
* Almond.
(N) Banana, Imitation Flavor.
* Orange.
(N) Peach, Imitation Flavor.
(N) Pineapple, Imitation Flavor.
(N) Strawberry, Imitation Flavor.
(Imitation flavors artificially colored. Made
from blended ethers. Correctly labeled.)
* Vanilla, Pure concentrated extract. ("Absolute
purity" claim objectionable; attack on substi-
tutes as being "injurious" not warranted.)
EXTRACTS
Slade, D. and L., Company, Boston, Mass.
it Almond, Absolutely Pure Extract. ("Absolutely
pure" objectionable as always.)
+ Lemon, Absolutely Pure Extra Strong Extract.
(Not "extra strong/' just standard.)
* Peppermint, Absolutely Pure Family Remedies.
* Rose, Absolutely Pure Extract.
Stickney and Poor Spice Company, Boston, Mass.
* Vanilla, Best U. S. P.
Yours Truly Company, Chicago, Illinois.
* Lemon, Pure Extract.
^r Vanilla Extract, Yours Truly Pure Extract.
(Good standard products not above official
standards as claimed.)
FISH (CANNED, DRIED, ETC.)
THE utmost care should be exercised in regard
to the use of all canned fish, because when
these products do decompose they have a tendency
more than almost any other products, to develop
poisonous bodies in the process of protein degrada-
tion. The housewife should always examine the
can carefully by its appearance, smell, and taste
upon opening. Great care, however, is exercised
in putting up fish products and the salmon espe-
cially may be mentioned as retaining, to a marked
degree, the quality of the fresh product.
All canned fish should be consumed immediately
upon opening and not be kept over for the next
day. Properly smoked and dried fish offer a most
nutritious and economical diet and are much more
widely used abroad than here. Their use could
very profitably be extended, especially in view of
the high price of meat.
TESTED FISH (CANNED, DRIED, ETC.)
'(Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; (N) indicates a
noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products
FISH, (CANNED, DRIED, ETC.) 128
(D) , rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for
details as to method of rating.)
Als Hangesund Preserving Company, Hangesund.
if Fancy Imported Norway Sardines in Mustard
Sauce Salome Brand. (Not a true sardine
(pilchard) ; labeling permitted by official regu-
lations.)
Beale arid Garnett Company, Eastport, Maine.
if Finnan Haddie. (Put up in the United States; a
true Finnan Haddie should be from Scotland.)
Beardsley, J. W., Sons, New York, N. Y.
(N) Shredded Codfish. (No borax found; short
weight and extravagant statement as to com-
parative nutritive value 1 Ib. not equal to 4
Ibs. of fresh fish, as stated.)
Burnham and Morrill Company, Portland, Maine.
* Fish Flakes.
California Fish Company, Los Angeles, California.
(N) California Sardines. (True pilchard or sardine
not found on California coast, labeling per-
mitted by Government, but sublabel "Genu-
ine sardines" objectionable.)
Cresca Company, Distributors, 355 Greenwich Street,
New York.
* Caviar Superieure.
Crosse and Blackwell, London.
(N) Anchovy Paste. (Colored with an unidentified
reddish dye. Labeled "Artificially colored.")
1001 TESTS
Davis, Frank E., Company, Gloucester, Mass.
* Deviled Crab Meat.
if Lump Crab Meat.
(D) Crab Shells. (Not perfectly cleaned.)
* Fish Flake.
* Fish Flake, Codfish and Haddock Corned.
* Kippered Herring.
* Fresh Mackerel.
(D) Selected Gulf Fresh Shrimp. (Quality poor; two
samples out of four bad.)
Emery and Company, Boston, Mass.
(N) Deviled Sardines. (Sublabeled "Atlantic Ocean
Sardine Herrings," really are herrings; not a
"most economical and nutritious article of
food," as claimed.)
Gorman and Company, Inc., Seattle, Wash.
(D) Eed Heart Brand Alaska Salmon. (Slack fill
and short weight; a low grade article.)
Gorton Pew Fisheries Company.
it Gorton's Boneless Codfish. (19 per cent, of salt.)
Liss, George, and Company, New York City.
* Salmon, Highwood Brand, Columbia River.
Lord Brothers Company, Portland, Maine.
* Extra Quality Pure Codfish Strictly Boneless.
McMenamin and Company, Hampton, Va.
* Crab Meat.
FISH, (CANNED, DRIED, ETC.)
Peabody, Henry W., San Francisco, California and
New York.
* Havalan Brand Japanese Crab Meat.
Sea Beach Packing Works, Aberdeen, Wash.
Pioneer Minced Sea Clams.
Southern California Fish Company, Los Angeles, Cal.
* Blue Sea Tuna.
Van-Thomas Company, Los Angeles, Cal.
Ar Avalon Brand Tuna. (Packed in cottonseed and
olive oil and so labeled.)
Watson, Angus, and Company, Newcastle-on-Tyne,
England.
(N) Skipper Sardines in Tomato.
(N) Skipper Sardines in Virgin Olive Oil.
(Not true sardines (pilchards) Norway
bristlings and should be so labeled. Govern-
ment permits designation "Norway sardines/'
but in this case labeling is not even true to
this ruling.)
if Bouillon Herringlets.
Williams, R. C., and Company, New York.
* Salmon, Royal Scarlet, Columbia Eiver.
XI
FRUITS DEIED 1
nnHE points in regard to dried fruits are : Are
JL they unsulphured? Are they free from ex-
cessive moisture (which sulphuring makes pos-
sible)? Are they free from insect infection?
Have full weight and measure been given? For
the starred products we can answer "yes," in re-
gard to all of these points. Fruits-areiransported
more cheaply in this dried compact form and the
consumer pays for less water than in fresh or
canned goods. Their keeping qualities are also
excellent and they form a very acceptable part of
the diet both from an economical and nutritive
point of view, especially during the seasons when
fresh fruits are unavailable or very high in price.
Stewed dried fruits are excellent natural laxatives
as well as nutritious and a handful of raisins, dates
or figs is much better, in my opinion, for the grow-
ing child than candy.
i For canned fruits see page 45.
196
FRUITS DRIED
TESTED FRUITS, DRIED
(Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; (N) indicate* a
noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products
(D), rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for
details as to method of rating.)
American Dehydrating Company, Waukesha, Wiscon-
sin.
(N) Dehydro-Presh Cranberries. (By no means equal
to fresh fruit nor superior to the dried and
evaporated goods, as claimed.)
American Vineyard Company, Fresno, Cal. Boston
San Francisco.
* Ideal "Not-a-Seed" Raisins.
Austin-Nichols and Company, New York, N. Y.
(D) Peaches, Fancy Evaporated California. (0.15
per cent, of sulphur found in this product. La-
bel read "sulphur bleached"; considered in-
jurious to health though permitted by federal
regulation pending investigation.)
California Fruit Canners* Association, Fresno, Cali-
fornia.
* Del Monte Brand California Seedless Raisins.
Carque Pure Food Company, Los Angeles, Cal.
* Apricots, Carque 's California Likefresh Fruits.
ilr Bananas, Carque 's California Likefresh Fruits.
* Cherries, Carque 's California Likefresh Fruits.
* Figs, California Selected Black Mission.
* Olives, Selected Sun Dried California Ripe, Dry.
128 1001 TESTS
if Peaches, Carque's California Likefresh Fruits.
it Pears, Carque's California Likefresh Fruits.
(Claims somewhat overdrawn; excellent unsul-
phured products.)
Cresca Company, New York, N. Y.
* Cresca Figs.
* Stuffed Figs and Stuffed Dates.
* Cresca Choicest Cluster Eaisins.
(Figs and dates are "Prepared with corn
syrup/' i. e., glucose; declared on label,
amount very small but unnecessary and un-
desirable.)
DeGroff, Lewis, and Son, New York, N. Y.
* Smyrna Figs, Health Brand.
Fresno Home Packing Company, Fresno, California.
* Fancy Cluster Raisins, Blue Ribbon Brand.
Greenhut Siegel Cooper Company, New York, N. Y.
* Raisins, Sultanas, Golden West Brand, Extra
Quality, Natural, Seedless.
Higgins, William A., and Company, New York, N. Y.
(N) Chariot Apples. (Minute trace of sulphur; short
weight due probably to drying out.)
(D) Seedless Raisins, Berry Brand. (Short weight,
0.018 per cent, sulphur dioxide.)
Hills Brothers Company, New York, N. Y.
* Dromedary Brand Cleaned Currants.
* Dromedary Golden Dates.
FRUITS DRIED
* Dromedary Brand Washed Figs. ("Conserved
in corn syrup/' i. e., glucose declared on label
very small amount present but is undesirable
and unnecessary.)
Koenig and Schuster, New York.
* Fancy Malaga Raisins, Princess Brand.
Seaman Brothers, New York, N. Y.
* White Rose California Seeded Muscatel Raisins.
Williams, R. C., and Company, New York, N. Y.
* Royal Scarlet Seeded Raisins.
xn
HOUSEHOLD EEMEDIES AND DISIN-
FECTANTS *
THE miscellaneous samples reported under
this heading pretend in no way to cover the
field, but were examined mainly in response to
inquiries and as information was needed. Vas-
elines (petrolatum) are standard products, but
the "remedial" claims made for them have been
exaggerated. The disinfectants all err in mak-
ing extravagant claims, extending their usefulness
into the medicinal field and so becoming dangerous
in the hands of the layman. The non-poisonous
claim is particularly misleading and the fanciful
names under which these products are presented
are objectionable in that they conceal the true
nature of the disinfectant which might easily be
declared. A standardized, carefully prepared dis-
infectant of proper strength is a boon to the house-
keeper and it is a great pity that these products
cannot be sold in a more intelligent and ethical way
as they are undoubtedly useful, and their quality
* Data do not represent complete analyses ; only important and
characteristic ingredients are mentioned..
130
HOUSEHOLD REMEDIES 131
in many cases is excellent. Some of the materials
reported fall within the patent medicine class and
exhibit all the evils and misleading statements
typical of such products.
TESTED HOUSEHOLD REMEDIES AND DIS-
INFECTANTS
(Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; (N) indicates a
noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products
(D), rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for
details as to method of rating.)
American Druggists Syndicate, Long Island City, N. T.
(N) A. D. S. Foot Tablets. (An astringent antisep-
tic wash containing tannin, salicylic acid, alum,
boric acid, etc. Claims that it is a "valuable
remedy/' "effective in the treatment of bun-
ions," etc., are extravagant.)
Bauer and Black, Chicago, 111.
(N) Blue Jay Corn Plasters. (Contain salicylic acid,
which is practically always the active in-
gredient of corn salves. Is often helpful but
the claim "In 48 hours corn comes out root and
all," is exaggerated.)
Bauer and Company, Berlin, A. Wulfing and Company,
N. Y. American Agents.
(D) Formamint Tablets. (A formaldehyde prepara-
tion with extravagant claims as to its thera-
peutic and germicidal properties. Efficacy of
132 1001 TESTS
the tablets is believed to be much overrated, in
addition to which they might be irritating in
some conditions.)
Bliss, Alonzo O., Company, Washington, D. C.
(D) Native Herbs. (A mixture of aloes, the com-
mon cathartic, and cassia, with probably small
amounts of podophyllum, ginger, dandelion, and
other stomachics. Not true to name, and ac-
companied by characteristic patent medicine
claims, which are obviously impossible of ful-
fillment. Would not "cure rheumatism, ca-
tarrh, nervous disorders, diabetes and all syph-
ilitic diseases" as claimed.)
Carter Lrjrtle Drug Company, Baltimore, Md.
(N) Kornol. (Collodion with salicylic acid in alcohol
and ether. "It will dissolve the most obstinate
cases." "The best paint for corns," etc.
Claims excessive.)
Chcsebrough Manufacturing Company, New York,
N. Y.
(N) Capsicum Vaseline. (Petrolatum containing cap-
sicum. A good product but only palliative, not
"a remedy" for rheumatism, gout, neuralgia,
etc., as stated. Not "superior to mustard or
any other plaster" under all conditions.)
* Carbolated Vaseline. (A petrolatum containing
phenol. Statements that it is "A valuable an-
tiseptic dressing for wounds, etc.," is true.)
HOUSEHOLD REMEDIES 133
* Mentholated Vaseline. (A mentholated petro-
latum, which may be advantageously used for
"nervous headaches, sore throat, neuralgia,
neuritis, rheumatism, etc./ 9 as a palliative.
No remedial or curative properties claimed in
this case.)
^r Vaseline. (Former claims "an invaluable rem-
edy for burns, rheumatism, hemorrhoids" with-
drawn from label; product is palliative but
hardly remedial in such cases.)
T*r White Vaseline. (Pure petrolatum; former claim
that it is an "invaluable family remedy
for rheumatism, catarrh, hay fever, etc.," is
obviously an exaggeration, as "remedy" im-
plies constructive healing while this substance
is only palliative. Claims withdrawn from
label.)
Clark's Corporation, New York, N. Y.
(D) Sel Amaigrissant. (Merely crystallized washing
soda, perfumed. Claims made as to its merits
as a flesh reducer when used in the bath, are
manifestly absurd, and the price is high.)
Crittenton, Charles N., Company, New York, N. Y.
(D) Tooth Ache Drops, Pike's Universal Vegetable.
(Consists chiefly of chloroform and alcohol
with a little oil of cloves and other antiseptic
oils; not a "vegetable" product; chloroform
dangerous and habit forming, and tends to de-
fer necessary dental attention.)
134 1001 TESTS
Dodge, Walter Luther, and Company, Chicago, 111.
(N) Tiz. (Tablets containing tannin, salicylic acid,
alum, and orris root. An astringent antiseptic
foot bath, harmless but could do but little for
bunions, ingrowing nails, etc., as claimed.)
Downs, Jean, 334 Fifth Avenue, New York City.
(D) Get Slim. (Consists essentially of sugar and
tartaric and citric acids, colored with a trace of
pink dye. Claims for its efficiency as a flesh
reducer grossly exaggerated and an unlimited
use of these acids might be harmful.)
E. C. D. Chemical Company, 1777 Broadway, New York
City, N. Y.
(D) Fluid En-Ser-01. (An alleged catarrh and deaf-
ness cure, consists essentially of camphor, glyc-
erine, water and traces of antiseptics. Worth
about 2 cents and sells for $1; claims absurd.)
Every Woman Company, Chicago, 111.
(D) Every "Woman's Flesh Reducer. (A mixture of
epsom salts, alum, washing soda and camphor,
5 tablespoonfuls to be used in a hot bath as a
flesh reducer; claims absurd. Sells for 89
cents, costs not more than 10, at a liberal es-
timate.)
Evans Sons, Lescher and Webb, Ltd., Liverpool, Lon-
don and New York.
(N) Antiseptic Throat Pastilles. (Consists essen-
tially of gum acacia, licorice, terpin-hydrate,
and ammonium salt; claims slightly exagger-
HOUSEHOLD REMEDIES 185
ated. It would restore the voice and make
breathing easy when there was some slight diffi-
culty only.)
Giant Chemical Company, Philadelphia, Pa.
(N) A-Corn Salve. (Contains fat, salicylio acid,
methyl salicylate. Claims moderate, except
that it could hardly remove bunions.)
Grape Capsule Company, 108 Fulton Street, New York,
N. Y.
(N) Cod Liver Oil Capsules. (A good cod liver oil
in capsule form, but is short weight and high
priced considering the amount of oil obtained,
due allowance being made for the expense of
the capsule form; claims are conservative.)
(N) Olive Oil Grapes. (Olive oil in capsule form, ex-
cessive claims as to its value as a "tissue builder
and flesh creator/ 9 as "an appetizer," etc.)
* Ricinol Grape. (Castor oil.) (A good castor oil
in capsule form. Slightly short weight but
2% grams for ten cents is not excessive.)
Grove, E. W. (Paris Medicine Co., St. Louis, Mo.).
(D) Laxative Bromo-Quinine. (Contains aloin, as a
laxative, bromid and phenacetin (2 grains per
tablet), belladonna and quinine. A most un-
desirable product for miscellaneous uncon-
trolled ingestion.)
Hydrox-Chemical Company, New York, Chicago, San
Francisco.
(N) Hydros Hydrogen Peroxide. (Contains acet-
136 1001 TESTS
anilid as a preservative. Extravagant claims
as to efficacy as a mouth wash.)
Jad Salts Company, New York, N. T.
(D) Jad Brand Salts. (A shot-gun prescription
which "cures" too many diseases at once. Con-
sists principally of sodium phosphate, sodium
and potassium bicarbonates and citric and tar-
taric acids, and a very small amount of hexa-
methylene tetramine, antiseptic diuretic, as
stated on the label. Odor of formaldehyde
showed partial decomposition of last named in-
gredient. Miscellaneous drugging of this kind
is useless and often attended by an element of
danger. 75 cents is an exorbitant price for four
ounces of this material.)
Kimball, Lucile, 1327 So. Michigan Boulevard, Chicago,
111.
(D) Obesity Eemedy. (Consists of 1. A powder
made up of soap, epsom salts and washing soda,
for external application. 2. Brown tablets
consisting essentially of aloin a laxative, bella-
donna and nux vomica. 3. Pink tablets to
furnish a tonic and stomachic, consisting es-
sentially of capsicum, menthol, and bitter prin-
ciples resembling those from quassia and gen-
tian; harmless in general, but utterly unable to
fulfill the excessive claims made for it as a flesh
reducer.)
HOUSEHOLD REMEDIES 137
Kinox Company, Rutland, Vermont.
(N) Kinox. (Essentially the product known as Chin-
osol, a derivative of quinolin. A good antisep-
tic sold under a fancy name with extravagant
claims for its application.)
Landshut, Karl, Chicago, 111.
(D) Louisenbad Reduction Salt. (Essentially epsom
salts, worth about 2 cents a pound and sold for
one dollar. That it ivould prove a "remedy
for obesity without the use of drugs, diet, exer-
cises," by using it in the bath water, is ob-
viously absurd, neither would it "tone the
whole body.")
Lambert Pharmacal Company, St. Louis, Mo.
* Listerine.
Lehn and Fink, New York City.
* Lysol. (A solution of cresylic acid with a germi-
cidal value about twice that of carbolic; name
objectionable, as not being descriptive of the
product, which, however, is an excellent one.
Very similar to the "Liquor cresolis composi-
tus" of the Pharmacopoeia.)
Luden, W. H., Reading, Pa.
* Menthol Cough Drops. (A simple menthol cough
drop, for which no extravagant medicinal claims
are made. Efficacy of all cough drops is of
course very limited.)
138 1001 TESTS
Martindale, Thomas, and Company, Philadelphia, Pa.
(D) Royal Olvules. (A first-class olive oil in capsule
form. Disapproved because of the fact that
only two or three ounces are given for $1 and
the claims as to its being a specific for constipa-
tion and a preventative for appendicitis, are
manifestly misleading. A useful and unobjec-
tionable product if properly priced and pre-
sented.)
Medical Formula Company, Chicago, 111.
(D) Calocide Compound. (A foot bath consisting of
alum, salt and gallic acid. Might be very draw-
ing and drying to the feet, undesirably so un-
der some conditions.)
Mentholatum Company, Buffalo, New York.
(D) Mentholatum. (A useful mixture of camphor,
menthol, vaseline and boric acid, but the state-
ment that it will give even "quick relief" for
hay fever, pneumonia, croup, neuralgia, rheu-
matism, etc., must be considered decidedly mis-
leading.)
Merck and Company, New York, N. Y.
* Creolin-Pearson. (An efficient disinfectant; for-
mer dangerous claim of "non-poisonous," and
excessive claims as to strength withdrawn; ap-
plications and efficiency claims still somewhat
too broad.}
Moller, Peter, London (Schieffelin and Company, U. S.
Agents, New York).
* Hydroxyl-Free Cod Liver Oil. (A very pur*, high
HOUSEHOLD REMEDIES 139
quality cod liver oil. The claim made that it
is hydroxyl-free appears to be questionable and
claims as to its being a "perfect food," "a, uni-
versal remedy," etc., are deprecated as mean-
ingless exaggeration.)
Moras, Dr. E. R., Highland Park, Illinois.
(D) Detoxyl. (A tablet consisting essentially of ep-
som salts with citric and tartaric acids in com*
bination with soda. Said to cure practically all
known diseases from pneumonia to whooping
cough, including typhoid fever and delirium tre-
mens, when used in connection with the die-
tetic and hygienic system outlined in the litera-
ture. The claims are obviously impossible of
fulfillment. See article in "Good Housekeep-
ing, April, 1914.)
(D) Eye Cream. (A mixture of cocoa butter and lan-
olin, or some similar fat. No medication what-
ever could be found, not even boric acid. A
small salve box of this is sold for $2. It is
claimed that all eye troubles can be cured by
massaging the eyelids with it. Pretensions ob-
viously misleading and impossible of fulfill-
ment.)
Musterole Company, Inc., Cleveland, Ohio,
(D) Musterole. (A good mustard and wenthol prep-
aration, probably non-blistering as claimed,
but the statements that it would prevent pneu-
monia, and that there is "nothing like it" for
140 1001 TESTS
rheumatism) pleurisy, tonsttitis, etc., are mis-
leading.)
New Skin Company, 98 Grand Avenue, Brooklyn, N. Y.
if New Skin. (Essentially a flexible collodion with
amyl acetate; lias also antiseptic properties but
" germ-killing" powers are somewhat problem-
atic.)
Nikola Chemical Company, 449 W. 52nd St., New York,
N. Y.
(D) Nikola Bathing Compound and Weight Reducer.
(Essentially washing soda with a little salt.
The claim that it is "Recommended by leading
physicians here and abroad as a weight reducer
and a preventative of gout, rheumatism, kidney
trouble, and all forms of skin diseases" is pal-
pably misleading.)
Oakland Chemical Company, New York, N. Y.
if Dioxogen.
Olmsted, Allen S., New York, N. Y.
(N) Allen's Foot Ease. (Essentially talc and boric
acid. Any good borated talcum powder would
be equally efficacious in relieving and prevent-
ing blisters, etc. Could do nothing curative for
"ingrowing nails and bunions.")
Pond's Extract Company, New York, N. Y.
(N) Pond's Extract. (Distilled extract of witch
hazel; slightly exaggerated claims, though it is
not described as a remedy, but only for use in
earache, boils, toothache, neuralgia, sore eyes,
HOUSEHOLD REMEDIES 141
etc; claim that "nothing else is so healing to
the skin" is exaggerated.)
Potter Drug and Chemical Company, Boston, Mass.
(D) Cuticura Ointment. (A vaseline and wax prep-
aration, perfumed 9 depending essentially on the
small amount of phenol present for its anti-
septic value. Claims for its efficacy in treating
humors, ulcers, eczema, etc., greatly over-
stated.)
Pure Gluten Food Company, 90 West Broadway, New
York, N. Y.
(N) Hoyt's "Sweetina." (A preparation of sac-
charin for the use of diabetics. Legitimate
product if plainly named.)
Rueckheim Brothers and Eckstein, Chicago, 111.
(N) Angelus Cough Drops. (A horehound cough
drop, flavored with sassafras and containing
no drugs. 25 per cent, of glucose and 64 per
cent, of sucrose. Statement that it is highly
recommended for sore throat, is a slight exag-
geration.)
Sam Katz Company, 1325 South Michigan Avenue,
Chicago, 111.
(D) Sam Katz Oxygen Treatment for Catarrh.
(This treatment consists of four parts: (1)
A so-called oxygen germicide, consisting of
sodium perborate flavored with cinnamon. (2)
Plumose fiber, which is absorbent cotton
1001 TESTS
heavily impregnated with aromatic substances,
methyl salicylate, menthol, etc., and (3) two
sets of tablets one of which generates oxygen
on treatment with acid. Product might have
some disinfecting power but is entirely unable
to fulfill the claims made for it as a catarrh cure
and the claims based on the liberation of oxy-
gen in the stomach and intestines are unscien-
tific and unwarranted.)
Sargol Company, Binghamton, N. Y.
(D) Sargol. (The report of the British Medical As-
sociation on Sargol is recorded in the "Journal
of the American Medical Association" as fol-
lows:
Sugar 18.0 per cent.
Insoluble protein 10.8 " "
Sodium and potassium
hypophosphites 7.7 " "
Albumin (soluble) 4.2 " "
Lecithin 1.9 " "
Zinc phosphid 0.7 " "
Talc, EaoUn, moisture, etc.
(The composition of such products varies
from time to time and manifestly while such a
combination might have some little tonic value,
its effect would be problematic, and the claims
made for it as a flesh builder, and the state-
ment that "any man or woman can now be
plump and well developed," or that it "makes
HOUSEHOLD REMEDIES 143
puny, peevish people plump and popular" are
very absurd. Eggs, milk and grains are a bet-
ter source of phosphorus and lecithins. Great
tonic value of hypophosphites is an exploded
notion. It was estimated that 30 of these
tablets, which sold for $1, had an intrinsic
value of 2y 2 cents.)
Spencer Kellogg and Sons, Buffalo, N. Y.
'fr Tasteless Castor Oil. (Practically tasteless and
claims for its efficiency only slightly exagger-
ated.)
Stearns, Frederick and Co., Detroit, Mich.
(D) Headache Cure. (Shac.) (A typical headache
remedy containing in each wafer one-half grain
of caffein and 4 grains of acetanilid, the latter
"being a dangerous and heart depressant drug
which has no remedial value but merely reduces
the susceptibility to pain.)
Sterizol Sales Company, Boston, Mass.
(D) Sterizol, The Perfect Antiseptic. (An antiseptic
mixture of sodium chlorid and ~borax, with a
small amount of menthol and thymol. Sold for
$1 a package and recommended for practically
every known ill. Claims for its efficiency and
superiority are entirely unwarranted. Charge
is excessive.)
Sulpho-Napthol Company, Boston, Mass.
(N) Sulpho-Napthol. (A very good coal tar prepara-
tion having from 2.3 to 3.8 times the efficiency
144 1001 TESTS
of carbolic acid, but the extravagant medicinal
and curative claims might prove misleading to
the layman.)
West Disinfecting Company, New York, N. Y.
^r C. N. Disinfectant. (A very excellent phenol,
cresol, coal tar disinfectant in concentrated soap
solution; germicidal value nearly six times that
of phenol but the claims, while much moderated
are still slightly broad.)
Woolheal Chemical Company, 149-151 Church street,
New York, N. Y.
(D) "Wool Heal. (A partially purified wool grease, in-
ferior to the U. 8. P. lanolin. Extravagant
claims made that it will afford immediate re-
lief in the most distressing forms of pimples,
and all flesh and skin blemishes.)
yrrr
LAED, BUTTEES, AND THEIE SUB,
STITUTES
IT is quite impossible to certify without sanitary
inspection to the materials from which lard and
butter have been made, but careful chemical tests
were made of these products to determine whether
or not they complied with the standards as to the
amount of moisture and the quality and quantity of
the fat present, and were free from artificial color
or preservatives. Over and over we are asked,
"Is oleomargarine wholesome?" and "What is
Crisco?" Oleomargarine may digest somewhat
more slowly than butter but this does not prove
that it is less nutritious. There is no reason why
it should not be an acceptable food if honestly sold
at a lower price than the more delicious, but no
more wholesome, butter. This is assuming that
the oleomargarine is made in a cleanly way from
pure neutral lard, beef fat, or vegetable oils, with
or without the admixture of cream or butter.
Crisco, the much advertised cooking fat, is made
from cotton seed oil by a special process which
solidifies it There are no scientific data as to its
145
146 1001 TESTS
relative digestibility, but as far as we know it is a
perfectly wholesome and efficient substitute for
cooking butter and lard. Claims made as to its
taking the place of butter in cake making and the
superiority of foods that are cooked in it, open up
a debatable field to put it mildly. Cooks will
doubtless disagree on these points. It is said
to be richer than butter because it contains less
water and therefore, has relatively more fat in a
given bulk. To this extent it is more economical.
The question of flavoring and consistency, how-
ever, would enter into cake making and it is ques-
tionable whether it takes the place of butter for
such uses ; as a frying medium, it undoubtedly has
certain physical properties which are advantage-
ous.
The peanut butters so extensively used now,
especially for children, are included in this section.
These products offer in concentrated form a ration
very high in two of the principal food elements.
All of the products approved contained 45 per cent,
or more of fat, about 29 per cent, of protein, and
approximately 22 per cent, of carbohydrates.
These are plainly rich, highly nutritious foods to
be eaten in small quantities, rather than perfectly
balanced foods for a general diet as they are some-
times claimed to be.
LARD, BUTTERS, SUBSTITUTES
TESTED LARD, BUTTERS AND THEIR SUB-
STITUTES
(Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; (N) indicates a
noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products
(D) , rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for
details as to method of rating.)
Ammon and Pearson, Jersey City, N. J.
* Oleomargarine, Baby Brand. (A properly la-
beled and acceptable oleomargarine, uncolored.
Has no right to appellation "Creamery But-
terine," which is sometimes used and is mis-
leading.)
Armour and Company, Chicago, 111.
* Armour's " Simon Pure" Leaf Lard.
Beechnut Packing Company, Canajoharie, N. Y.
* Beechnut Brand Peanut Butter.
Bosman and Lohman Company, Norfolk, Va.
* Nut-Let Peanut Butter.
Carque Pure Food Company, Los Angeles, California.
* Carque 's Nut Cream Butter. (Ground nuts with
cocoanut; somewhat extravagant nutritive
claims.)
Forest Home Farm, Purcellville, Md.
* Lard.
Fairbank, N. K., Company, Chicago and New York.
^r Cottolene. (Cotton seed oil and beef stearin, un-
colored.)
US 1001 TESTS
Fox River Butter Company.
* Pure Butter. ("Absolutely Pure" claim
tionable, as always. An excellent product,
however, with very low moisture content, show-
ing careful preparation.)
Heinz, H. J., Company, Pittsburgh, Pa.
* Peanut Butter.
Hills Brothers Company, New York, N. Y.
A" Datenut Butter.
Jones Dairy Farm, Fort Atkinson, Wisconsin.
* Pure Lard.
Morehouse Mills, Chicago, and Los Angelei.
* Mrs. Morehouse 's Peanut Butter.
Morris and Company, Chicago, 111.
if Marigold Oleomargarine.
Proctor and Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio.
if Crisco. (Cottonseed oil solidified ~by a special
process.)
Swift and Company, Chicago.
(N) Silver-Leaf Brand Lard. (Of good quality but
does not comply with requirements for a "leaf"
lard, use of the words "Silver-Leaf Brand" con-
sidered misleading. Five pound pail at 70
cents weighed four pounds. No weight de-
clared.)
* Swift's Premium Oleomargarine.
* Swift's Jersey Brand Oleomargarine.
Yours Truly Company, Chicago, 111.
* Yours Truly Peanut Butter.
MEATS (CANNED, DEIED, ETC.)
IN many of the dried meats potassium nitrate
(saltpetre) is present in small amounts. It is
not needed to preserve these products but is used
solely to give the reddish color of fresh meat to
the smoked or dried meat. Its use has never been
forbidden by official ruling, and only very small
amounts are found, but the purpose for which it is
used is clearly misleading, and since nitrate of
potassium is rarely employed at present, even for
therapeutic purposes, because it is inferior to the
harmless vegetable potassium salts, and next to the
cyanid and chlorate of potassium salts is consid-
ered the most poisonous of this class of bodies, it
seems to me obvious that its use in a food product
is undesirable, no matter how small the quantities
may be.
TESTED MEATS AND MEAT PRODUCTS,
(CANNED, DRIED, ETC.)
(Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; (N) indicates a
noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved product*
(D), rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for
details at to method of rating.)
149
ISO 1001 TESTS
Armour and Company, Chicago, 111.
(N) Sliced Dried Beef. (Short weight and a trace of
saltpetre present.)
Beech-Nut Packing Company, Canajoharie, N. T.
* Beech-Nut Brand Sliced Beef.
if Beech-Nut Brand Sliced Bacon.
Cresca Company, New York, N. T.
* Pate de Foies Gras Aux Truffes du Perigord Stras-
bourg (Alsace) Germany.
Derby, H. C., Company, New York, N. Y.
if Derby Brand Lambs Tongues.
Ferris, F. A. and Company.
if Our Trade Mark Ham.
if Boneless Bacon.
Forest Home Farm, Purcellville, Virginia.
* Scrapple (unlabeled).
if Sausage.
* Virginia Ham.
Frank, L., and Son, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. (Bought of
C. Jevne and Company, 32 South Wabash
Avenue, Chicago, III.)
if Lax Ham.
if Liver Sausage.
if Summer Sausage.
Grand View Farm Produce Company, Lancaster, Pa.
if Pork Sausage.
Gordon and Dilworth, New York City.
if Calves Foot and Head Jelly.
MEATS (CANNED, DRIED, ETC.) 151
Hormel, G. A. and Company, Austin, Minn.
+ Dairy Brand Bacon.
T*r Dairy Brand Ham.
Houston Packing Company, Houston, Texas.
(N) Cooked Whole Ox Tongue Bed Cross Brand.
(Small amount of saltpetre present.)
(N) Cooked Compressed Corned Beef Bed Cross
Brand. (Small amount of saltpetre present.)
Jones Dairy Farm, Fort Atkinson, Wis.
"Ar Bacon.
* Ham.
* Little Sausage.
Libby, McNeill and Libby, Chicago, 111.
(N) Wafer Sliced Dried Beef. (Small amount of salt-
petre present.)
(N) Potted Meat, Beef Ham Flavor. ( A compound
honestly labeled but not of high quality.)
* Boneless Chicken.
if Deviled Ham.
(N) Veal Loaf with Pork and Beef Product. (A mis-
cellaneous mixture not of high quality.)
Pond, E. K. Packing Company, Chicago, 111.
(N) Derby Brand Boneless Chicken. (Coarse,
stringy, not high quality, probably old fowls.)
Richardson and Robbins, Dover, Delaware.
if Boned Chicken.
* Potted Ham.
152 1001 TESTS
Swift and Company, U. S. A.
(N) Premium Ham.
(N) Premium Bacon Sliced.
(Small amount of saltpetre present, good qual-
ity otherwise.)
Underwood, W. M., Company, Boston, Mass.
* Original Deviled Ham.
XV
OLIVE OILS, ETC.
olive oils examined uphold the opinion
that under the law this product as imported
is no longer adulterated to any extent. Nearly all
the samples complied with the standards. Occa-
sionally, some dealer mixes cottonseed oil with
olive oil after it is received in this country, as the
difference in price makes the adulteration a most
profitable one. The cotton seed oil, however, is, as
far as we know, just as nutritious and wholesome
as the olive oil, but merely has less flavor, is lesa
delicious and should be properly sold under its own
name and at a lower price.
Careful organoleptic tests were made of six of
the olive oils examined, which all complied with the
standards as far as chemical analysis could deter-
mine, to see whether any difference in quality could
be detected by an unprejudiced jury. The three im-
ported oils included in the test, namely, Artaud,
Barton and Guestier, and the Lucca oil of S. Eae
and Company, were plainly of deep color, and rich,
characteristic flavor and odor. The Pompeian Oil
1*8
154 1001 TESTS
was paler in color and blander, the flavor and odor
not being so marked ; while the Heinz oil was unan-
imously considered to have the mildest flavor and
odor, and the palest color ; one juror, however, pre-
ferred it on this account. This seems to establish
the point that personal taste enters too largely into
these fine distinctions of quality to afford any basis
for discrimination and all of the oils starred are at
least pure olive oils complying with the standards.
All edible oils are easily digested and furnish
heat and energy with small effort on the part of the
body. They spare the carbohydrates and so indi-
rectly may be fattening; besides their nutritive
value and easy digestibility, they serve as a mild,
natural laxative.
TESTED OLIVE OILS, ETC.
(Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; (N) indicates a
noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products
(D), rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for
details as to method of rating.)
Acker, Merrall and Condit Company, New York City.
* Olive Oil.
Artaud, J. B., and A. Freres, Marseilles, France.
* Pure Olive Oil.
Barton and Gueatier, Bordeaux, France.
* Olive Oil.
OLIVE OILS, ETC. 155
Calvet and Company, Water Street, New York, N. Y.
* Huile d 'Olive.
Campbell Company, Boston, Mass.
(D) Campbell's Kooking Oil. (Chiefly a cottonseed
oil with some olive oil and possibly a little corn
oil. Extravagant claims as to being a blend of
fruit and vegetable oils, producing a, product
more healthy than lard or butter. Claims not
to compete with cottonseed oil when it is
largely cottonseed.)
Castle, The W. A., Company, Springfield, Mass.
* Cream Olive Oil.
Chiris, Antoine, Grasse, France.
* Huile d 'Olive, Surfine, U. S. P.
Heinz, H. J., Company, Pittsburgh, Pa.
* Pure Olive Oil, Imported. (A bland light oft,
authentic but not as rich in color and flavor
as the other starred products.)
Libby, McNeill and Libby, Chicago, 111.
* Olive Oil, Pure, Imported.
Maspero, C., Inc., (Packers) Lucca, Italy.
(N) Lucca Olive Oil, Extra Fine. (Short measure
and slightly below standard requirements in
some particulars, though no adulterants could
be identified.)
Mentoni Company, The, New York, N. Y.
(N) Italian Olive Oil, Rudelco Brand. (Good qual-
ity, but short weight.)
156 1001 TESTS
Pompeian Company, Washington, D. C.
it Olive Oil, Pompeian Brand. (Goody but not quite
so rich in flavor as some other brands.)
Rae, S., and Company, Leghorn.
* Lucca Oil, Finest Sublime.
Southern Cotton Oil Company, 24 Broad Street, New
York, N. Y.
* Wesson Snowdrift Oil. (A good cottonseed oil
properly labeled.)
XVI
PEESEEVES, PICKLES, ETC.
PEESEEVES, jams, and jellies are much more
liable to be compounded and adulterated than
are the canned goods which depend simply upon
sterilization for their preservation and are not
mixtures. The housekeeper should read the label
on all preserves very carefully. Artificial coloring
and chemical preservatives, glucose, instead of
sugar, the use of more sugar than fruit, giving a
characterless product, and the mixing of fruit
residues with apple are all faults to be looked out
for with this class of products. Fruits that have
already done service in making jelly may be used
again in preserves and some times phosphoric acid
and citric acid are added to make up for the lacking
flavor of the fresh fruit. Careful label reading
will go far to protect the housewife on these points.
While, of course, entirely wholesome products
may be made by using apples or apple juice for the
foundation and merely flavoring it with other
fruits, these are not of high quality and if they con-
sist principally of apple juice they should be
157
158 1001 TESTS
labeled apple jelly or jam, flavored with raspberry,
or strawberry. They have no right to the title
"raspberry jam" when they consist principally of
apple, a much cheaper fruit. Whenever the word
"compound" appears upon the label it is a signal
of distress. These compounds uniformly contain
cheaper ingredients than the straight product
which they are intended to replace. In other
words, the term is usually a synonym for adultera-
tion. Compound preserves, as a rule, consist
largely of glucose and derive what little fruit fla-
vor they have from apple and the residues of other
fruits. Compounding is simply cheapening a
product with a view to deception and the preserve
and jam should represent the pure type of its re-
spective kind, if quality is to be attained.
Alum, a substance of very dubious healthful-
ness, sometimes used to give crispness, and cop-
per sulphate to give a vivid green color, are to be
avoided in pickles. All of the products certified
in this list contain a due amount of the fresh fruit
from which the product is named, give fair weight
and are free from glucose, preservatives, and
added color. Beading the label carefully is al-
most a sure protection on these points.
PRESERVES, PICKLES, ETC. 159
TESTED PRESERVES, PICKLES, ETC.
(Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; (N) indicates a
noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products
(D), rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for
details as to method of rating.)
Acker, Merrall and Condit Company, New York City.
* Currant Jelly, Black.
* Currant Jelly, Red.
American Fruit Product Company, Eochester, N. Y.
(N) Clarendon Brand Blackberry and Apple Pure
Jam. (No distinctive flavor, probably should
be labeled "Apple and Blackberry." No glu-
cose present; a cheap, harmless product but not
of "star" quality.)
Austin-Nichols and Company, New York, N. Y.
^ Red Raspberry Preserves.
* Preserved Damsons.
Beech-Nut Packing Company, Canajoharie, N. Y.
* Currant Jelly.
* Grape, Concord, Jam.
* Grape Fruit Marmalade.
* Quince Jelly.
ir Strawberry Jam.
Cresca Company, New York City.
(N) Pistachios. (13 per cent, of glucose was present
in the syrup in which these nuts were packed;
should have been declared on the label.)
* Rose Leaves. (A jam.)
160 1001 TESTS
Crosse and Blackwell, London, England.
* Apricot, Fresh Fruit Jam.
* Chow Chow.
* Gooseberry, Fresh Fruit Jam.
* Marmalade, Pure Orange.
* Mixed Pickle.
if Strawberry, Fresh Fruit Jam.
Cruikshanks Brothers Company, Pittsburgh, Pa.
(N) Apple and Currant Jelly. (No distinctive flavor.
Correctly labeled as it is probably an apple
jelly, slightly flavored with currant. No glu-
cose. A cheapy harmless product, but not of
"star" quality.)
Curtice Brothers Company, Rochester, N. Y.
(D) Blackberries, Preserved. (Preserved with sodium
benzoate.)
(D) Pineapple Marmalade, with 10 per cent. Apple
Juice.
(D) Quince, Fresh Fruit Jam with 10 per cent. Apple
Juice.
(D) Strawberry, Fresh Fruit Jam with 10 per cent.
Apple Juice.
(D) Raspberry, Fresh Fruit Jam with 10 per cent.
Apple Juice.
(Last four products contain approximately ten
per cent, of "corn syrup' 9 (glucose), ten per
cent, of apple juice and one-tenth of one per
cent, of benzoate of soda, all declared on the
label.)
PRESERVES, PICKLES, ETC. 161
Ehman Olive Company, Oroville, Cal.
if California Ehman Eipe Olives.
Gordon and Dilworth, New York, N. T.
* Orange Marmalade, Pure Fruit Jam.
* Pineapple, Pure Fruit Jam.
if Easpberry, Pure Fruit Jam.
("Absolutely pure" claim objectionable as al-
ways.)
Heinz, H. J., Company, Pittsburgh, Pa.
* Currant Jelly.
* Euchred Pickle, sweet.
if Strawberry Preserves.
Humbert and Andrews, Brooklyn, N. Y.
* Easpberry Jam, Acme Brand.
* Strawberry Jam, Acme Pure.
Jefferson Pickle Company, Eichmond, Va.
(N) Sweet Gherkins. F. F. V. Crystallized Pickles.
(Pickles somewhat tough and shriveled.)
Kidd, Mrs. E. G., Eichmond, Va.
* Pin Money Pickles Gherkins.
Leggett, Francis H., and Company, New York, N. Y.
if Easpberry Preserves.
Libby, McNeill and Libby, Chicago, 111.
* Queen Olives.
* Eed Easpberry Preserves.
if Pure Strawberry Preserves.
* Sweet Midgets.
162 1001 TESTS
Morehouse Mills, Chicago and Los Angeles.
Mrs. Morehouse 's Pure Fruit Jellies.
(N) Crabapple.
(N) Currant and Apple.
(N) Grape and Apple.
(N) Raspberry and Apple.
(Considered misbranded as there is 30 per cent,
of apple juice present and only 20 per cent, of
the fruit from which the product takes its name,
according to declaration on the label. Should
be labeled "apple jelly flavored with grape, cur-
rant, etc. Flavor due to the special fruit
named very slight.)
Olney Canning Company, Burt, Oneida, N. Y.
* Strawberries, Burt Olney 's.
Pratt-Low Preserving Company, Santa Clara, Cal.
* Green Gage Plums.
Robertson Preserve Company, James, The, West Som-
erville, Boston, Mass.
* Golden Shred Pure Orange Marmalade.
XVII
SUGAES AND SACCHAEINE PEODUCTS
THE principal sugar of commerce is known as
sucrose. It is produced almost exclusively
from the sugar beet and the sugar cane. The
quantity made from the sugar beet, considering
the world's production, is considerably greater
than that made from sugar cane. Chemically, the
sugar from the sugar beet and that from the sugar
cane are identical, but this is only true when both
are pure. Baw sugars from the cane and from
the beet differ most markedly. Eaw cane sugars
are aromatic, good tasting, good smelling and de-
licious. Eaw beet sugars are soapy, bad smelling,
bad tasting, and unedible. These differences are
caused by the natural differences in the ingredi-
ents of the cane and the beet. The sugar beet con-
tains large quantities of potash. When heated
the potash unites with the fatty and oily matters
present in the beet and produces soaps of a bad
smelling and tasting character. The potash salts
themselves are bitter. The juice of the sugar cane
contains very little mineral matter and no un-
169
164 1001 TESTS
savory products are formed when they are sub-
jected to heat. The natural aromatic substances
of the cane give rise to pleasant odors about a
cane factory, while just the opposite obtains at a
beet factory. It is sometimes possible to distin-
guish a refined beet sugar from cane sugar by
its odor, especially if it is kept in a closed con-
tainer.
The pure granulated sugars made from the
sugar beet and sugar cane are equally useful for
domestic purposes. Some manufacturers and
housewives prefer cane sugar for the making of
cake, preserves, jams, jellies, etc., and also cane
sugar is preferred by many confectioners. For
ordinary sweetening purposes, however, for coffee,
tea, etc., there is no difference between a pure
high grade cane sugar and a pure high grade beet
sugar. In the United States the sugars which are
consumed are chiefly cane; in a consumption of
four million tons only about seven hundred thou-
sand tons are derived from the beet.
Invert sugar, which comprises almost the whole
of honey, and a considerable portion of molasses
and syrups, is a mixture of two sugars obtained
from cane or beet sugar by a process which is
known as inversion. Invert sugar is sweeter than
sucrose itself and is more difficult to crystallize,
SUGARS, SYRUPS, ETC. 165
hence, it is an ideal constituent of honeys, syrups
and molasses.
The white sugars of commerce are practically all
of a very high grade, being 99.5 per cent, pure and
over. The remainder consists of ash and mois-
ture. Low grade sugars have almost disappeared
from the American market. We still have a few
brown sugars which represent the second and third
grades of the refinery. These brown sugars con-
tain considerable quantities of moisture and ash,
and also a little invert sugar. They are preferred
for some purposes, in cooking and candy-making,
to the pure white sugars.
Pure white sugars come in three forms, namely,
cut or loaf sugars, granulated sugar and powdered
sugar. These are all practically of equal grade.
There are certain forms of lump sugar that are
very carefully crystallized and broken, such, for
instance, as crystal domino, that sell for a much
higher price than the ordinary granulated sugars.
These high price sugars, however, do not have any
greater sweetening power than those ordinarily
found upon the market.
A great many people do not understand the dif-
ference between molasses and syrups. There is a
distinct commercial difference recognized. Mo-
lasses is a by-product of sugar-making, in other
166 1001 TESTS
words, after the sugar has crystallized the residual
liquid portions are separated and constitute the
molasses. Molasses is found in three different
grades, namely, firsts, seconds, and thirds or black-
strap ; meaning the product from the first, second
and third crystallizations respectively. The mo-
lasses is separated by a machine known as a cen-
trifugal, but in the early days of sugar-making the
molasses was separated by gravity, leaving a
brown sugar of rich and aromatic character and
producing a molasses of the finest quality. This
old fashioned New Orleans molasses is no longer
obtainable in the markets.
Syrups are the product of the direct condensa-
tion of the expressed juices of the sugar-producing
plants without the separation of any sugar. The
only treatment which syrups should receive is that
of cleansing during the process of evaporation.
Thus the sap of the maple when evaporated to a
proper consistency produces maple syrup. The
same is true of the sap of the sugar cane and of
sorghum. These three kinds of syrup are prac-
tically the only natural syrups on the market. In
addition to these, a large class of so-called syrups
is made by mixing. The base of the mixture is
usually glucose, incorrectly called "corn syrup. "
Glucose can be made of potatoes, as well as of In-
SUGARS, SYRUPS, ETC. 167
dian corn and if it is to be called a syrup at all it
should be called either corn starch syrup or potato
starch syrup, as the case may be. According to
the standards fixed by the Secretary of Agricul-
ture, according to law, the term "syrup" unquali-
fied signifies only the concentrated sap or juice of
a sugar-producing plant. The mixing of syrups
is more or less misleading in character ; as an ex-
ample, the following may be cited. Glucose in its
natural state is never sold nor used as a table
syrup. The so-called refiners' syrup, which is
the last liquid product of the refinery, has such a
salty taste, and such a peculiar flavor, acquired
during the process of manufacture, as to be prac-
tically inedible. A large business is done in this
country by mixing glucose with refiner's syrup or
sugar syrup and selling them as a table syrup
under various fancy names, such as Karo, Velva,
etc.
There are many mixtures of maple syrup with
other syrups, especially sugar syrup. In some
States the percentages of the mixtures are
required to be named upon the label. This should
be the case everywhere. The quantity of maple
syrup employed is usually extremely minute,
scarcely sufficient to give the definite maple flavor,
yet such syrups are sold under such a guise as to
168 1001 TESTS
indicate to the consumer that they are largely the
product of maple. The pure food law has proved
to be a great protection to the buyers of maple and
other syrups, but it is not as complete a protection
as could be hoped. The consumer who goes into a
grocery store to-day and asks for syrup is not very
apt to get an article which properly bears that
name. He is more likely to secure a mixture of
different kinds of syrups than to secure a pure
cane, maple or sorghum product.
The use of sulphur fumes in clarifying saccha-
rine juices and of solutions of salts of tin in
whitening sugar in the centrifugal machines, in-
troduces into the residual molasses these two ob-
jectionable products. Any notable quantity of
these products, especially of sulphur dioxide would
lead to the placing of the article in the noncom-
mittal or disapproved classes. With misgivings,
I have starred samples of molasses containing not
over 0.007 per cent, of sulphur dioxide, according
them the lowest rating for a ' * star ' ' product, to this
extent overlooking this minute amount of sulphur
dioxide, because of the otherwise exceptionally
good qualities of the product and the condition of
the trade and official rulings on this point.
Honey is composed almost exclusively of invert
sugar, which is gathered by bees from flowers and
SUGARS, SYRUPS, ETC. 169
stored in the comb. The temptation to adulterate,
especially the strained honeys, is great, inasmuch
as the addition of glucose, of a syrup made from
invert sugar, or of pure cane sugar syrup can be
profitably practiced. These forms of adultera-
tion, however, are easily detected by the chemist
and the practice is much less prevalent than was
formerly the case.
TESTED SUGAES AND SACCHARINE
PRODUCTS
(Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; (N) indicates a
noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products
(D), rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for
details as to method of rating.)
Adirondacks Maple Company, Lowville, Lewis County,
N. Y.
(N) Pride of the Ad-i-ron-dacks Maple Syrup.
(Claims to be "absolutely pure." The ash
and other distinctive determinations were either
below the average data established for first-class
syrups or even below the minimum. A "bor-
der-line" product.)
American Sugar Refining Company.
* Crystal Domino Sugar.
+ Crystal Domino Confectioner's Sugar.
* Crystal Domino Granulated Extra Fine Sugar.
T*r Crystal Domino Powdered Sugar.
* Crystal Domino Cane Sugar Syrup. (Largely in-
170 1001 TESTS
vert sugar with probably a little refiner's
syrup.)
Corn Products Refining Company, New York, N. T.
(D) Karo, Dark Colored. (Largely glucose, with ap-
proximately 10 to 15 per cent, of refiner's
syrup, the last product of the sugar refinery.
Not a true edible syrup, as it consists largely
of dextrin, which is not a sugar at all, and
the standards and usage require that an edible
syrup should be a sugar or saccharine product.
Not a "corn syrup" but a "corn starch syrup,"
or commercial glucose flavored with refiner's
syrup.)
(D) Karo, Light Colored. (Consists largely of glu-
cose and approximately 10 per cent, of sugar
syrup and flavoring material, vanilla. The
comment made above applies to this product
also.)
Duff, P., and Sons, Pittsburgh, Pa.
* New Orleans Molasses. (Minute quantities of
sulphur dioxide and tin present.)
Hearn and Jones, New Orleans, La.
if Woman's Club Brand, Pure Molasses. (Minute
quantities of sulphur dioxide and tin present.)
Humbert and Andrews, Brooklyn, N. Y.
* Acme Brand Pure Strained Honey.
Leggett, Francis H., and Company, New York, N. Y.
* Premier Brand Strained Honey.
SUGARS, SYRUPS, ETC. 171
Leslie-Durham and Company.
(N) Leslie's Maple Syrup. (A border line product,
mineral ingredients are too low for a first-class
maple syrup; either a very poor run or a mix-
ture.)
Love, J. S., Hattiesburg, Miss.
^r Pure Cane Molasses. (Eeally a high grade cane
syrup, incorrectly called molasses.)
New England Maple Syrup Company, Boston, Mass.
* Golden Tree Pure Honey.
(N) Vermont Maple Sap Syrup. (A border line
product. Claims "choicest quality, absolutely
pure," which it is not. May have been the last
run of the sap, or the product of a poor sea-
son.)
Park and Tilford, New York, N. Y.
* Amber Syrup. (A pure sugar solution. Term
"amber" slightly misleading, as there is a rec-
ognized variety of sorghum syrup bearing that
name.)
Penick and Ford, New Orleans, La.
* Velva Brand Breakfast Syrup. (Green label.)
(D) Velva Syrup. (A mixed glucose and cane syrup,
glucose being the main ingredient (40 per
cent.). Contains more sucrose than Karo but
the same type of product. A sub-label declares
the presence of "corn syrup." Misleading be-
cause "Velva Brand" breakfast syrup is a true
172 1001 TESTS
syrup while this is a cheap mixture sold under
the same brand name.)
Stromeyer, J., and Company, Philadelphia, Pa.
* Stromeyer Brand "Penn Mar" of Fancy Table
Syrup. (A good sugar syrup with a little high
grade refiner's syrup added; generally extrav-
agant claims made for its fame and delicious-
ness.)
Towle Maple Products Company, St. Johnsbury, Vt.
(D) Log Cabin Syrup. (Barely flavored with maple.
Analysis shows almost none present. The
Towle process appears to "mellow and preserve
the delicate maple flavor" chiefly by exclud-
ing the maple. Claim appears to be decidedly
misleading though statement is made on label
"Made of pure cane sugar and maple sugar.")
Vagt, R., Brooklyn, N. Y.
^ Emerson Brand Pure Honey.
Vermont Maple Sugar Maker's Market, Randolph, Ver-
mont.
(N) Vermont Maple Syrup. (A border line product,
deficient in the mineral substances, which are
characteristic of a true, high-grade maple
syrup.)
Welch Brothers Maple Company, Burlington, Vt.
(N) Vermont Maple Syrup. (A border line product,
deficient in the mineral substances, character-
istic of a high-grade maple syrup.)
XVIII
TOILET ARTICLES
COLD CEEAMS
MANY are the inquiries received concerning
the relative merits of cold creams, the beau-
tifying claims made for them, the best types to be
used, which ones will grow hair on the face and
which will not, presence of harmful ingredients,
etc.
There are three principal types of cold creams ;
first, the grease creams, which have a base of
petroleum or vaseline, with a little wax and sper-
maceti, which is the commonest type ; second, the
greaseless or "vanishing" creams which consist
chiefly of glycerin and soap ; and third, the casein
preparations, such as the Pompeian cream. If
the massaging with cold creams causes hair to
grow on the face it is due to the stimulation of the
circulation rather than to the grease. This theory
has led nearly all makers of face creams loudly to
denounce their competitors' products, as "Hair-
growing creams," while declaring that their own
will "not promote the growth of down on the
173
174 1001 TESTS
face. " It is safe to say that one is no more harm-
ful than another in this particular. It cannot be
said that any one type is any better than another
in general. The selection of a cold cream depends
entirely upon the needs of the individual skin, the
climate (dry high altitudes, wind and dust, calling
especially for such massage), amount of outdoor
exercise and exposure, etc. For some skins
glycerin is agreeable and soothing and for others it
is not. This is something which must be deter-
mined by experiment. The chief objections to
these products are the altogether ridiculous claims
made for them. It is well enough to cleanse the
pores of the skin thoroughly by massage with a
cold cream, thus offsetting the drying or roughen-
ing effects of wind and weather, stimulating the
circulation and rendering the flesh more firm.
Further than this they have no efficacy ; they will
not "rejuvenate the countenance" nor perform
any miracles of healing, nor will they "overcome
pimples or eruptions," which are nearly always
due to the general health and condition of the
blood. Where such claims were very misleading,
the product has been disapproved, which does not
mean that it is harmful in itself. Many of these
creams contain some boric acid as an antiseptic,
perfume, water, soap, etc. The peroxide creams,
TOILET ARTICLES 175
so-called, are usually misbranded, owing to the fact
that the peroxide, even if it has been added in good
faith, as is sometimes the case, is present in such
unstable form that it quickly decomposes and loses
its efficiency. None is found in the finished prod-
uct, and therefore, no bleaching effect will be pro-
duced by the majority of the creams as found on
the market.
It has been established in the courts in connec-
tion with a case brought against Sartoin, a so-
called "skin food," that this claim is not permis-
sible and that you cannot feed the skin by external
applications. The skin must be fed by assimilation
from within. In the Notice of Judgment published
in regard to this product, the statement was made
that "there is no such thing as a 'skin food' sep-
arate and apart from a food that nourishes all
parts of the body"; "said article and preparation
could not possibly be a food under any circum-
stances." This particular product, incidentally,
consisted of epsom salts, colored pink and was of-
fered as a skin food, whereas many of the bath
mixtures offered as reduction cures, have the same
constituent. Strange that the same preparation
should reduce the weight under one label and
"feed the tissues" under another. This is a good
example of the foolish conflicting claims made for
176 1001 TESTS
these simple preparations. "Madame Yale's"
skin food was 76 per cent, vaseline, mixed with
fixed oil and zinc oxide, perfumed and colored pink.
The courts declared that the statement: "It is
soothing in its effect on the skin, healing as a
magic balm and fattening in its qualities" was
false and misleading in that "the said drug is sim-
ply an ordinary ointment." It is strange in the
face of these facts that the makers of cold creams
will continue to make such obviously false claims
for their harmless, simple products.
The following is the pharmacopoeial formula for
a cold cream, which any one can have put up at a
drug store; or a petrolatum product may be
bought in bulk as used by the theatrical profession,
much more cheaply than when bought in small
fancy packages.
Ointment of Rose Water
Spermaceti 125 grams.
White Wax 120 "
Expressed Oil of Almond 560 "
Sodium Borate 5 "
Stronger Rose Water 190 "
To make about (2 Ibs. 3 oz.) . 1000 grams.
The only really dangerous products among the
cold .creams are the so-called freckle creams, which
TOILET ARTICLES 177
contain ammoniated mercury, a poisonous ingredi-
ent which causes the skin to peel and takes the
freckle with it. The different types of cold creams
have been indicated in the list for the guidance of
the buyer.
TESTED TOILET PEEPAEATIONS *
(Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100 j (N) indicate! a
noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products
(D), rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for
details as to method of rating.)
COLD CEEAMS
American Druggists' Syndicate, Long Island City, N. Y.
(D) A. D. S. Antiseptic Shaving Cream. (Consists of
a semi-liquid soap containing a small amount
of benzaldehyde and glycerin. Extravagant
claims decrying soap, when it is merely a soap
preparation. Antiseptic value slight.)
(D) Peredixo Cream. (Soap, water and starch; no
peroxide found. Claims to be "The original
Peroxide Cream," and to contain "peredixo,"
a great healing agent, unwarranted.)
Armour and Company, Chicago, 111.
(N) Creme Luxor. (The usual type of "vanishing"
cream containing glycerin and soap. A good
product still handicapped with extravagant
* These are in no sense complete statements of analyses ; only
the most essential and characteristic ingredients are mentioned.
178 1001 TESTS
claims such as "rejuvenates," "healing/ 9
though former labels implying "skin nourish-
ment" have been withdrawn.
(N) Luxor Cold Cream. (A white petrolatum and
wax product, of good quality, perfumed; mis-
leading statements to the effect that it is "un-
equaled," "soothes all irritations of the skin,"
"rejuvenates," etc., still remain, though the
"skin food" claims, etc., have been withdrawn.)
B. H. Company, The, Boston, Mass.
* Priscilla Parsons Cold Cream. (Consists of white
petrolatum, wax, and boric acid perfumed,
"for general use.")
+ Priscilla Parsons Liquid Cream. (Borax, stearic
acid and glycerin, perfumed; "A skin cleanser
for tourists"; no misleading claims. Good
products and dignified labeling.)
Colgate and Company, New York, N. Y.
* Cold Cream. (Fat, petrolatum, wax, soap, and
perfume. Claim that it is "unequaled" is not
warranted.)
Crane, James C, 108 Pulton Street, New York, N. Y.
* Creme Elcaya. (A good glycerin and soap prod-
uct, perfumed. Statement that it "will not pro-
mote growth of hair like the usual cold creams"
is objectionable; "renders skin soft, white and
beautiful" is also mildly extravagant.)
TOILET ARTICLES 179
Daggett and Ramsdell, New York, N. T.
i*r Perfect Cold Cream. (Fat, wax, petrolatum, soap
and perfume. Typical of a good grease cream.
Superlative statements that it is "unequaled
for massage" "The best of all applications,"
etc., unwarranted.)
De Meridor Company, The, New York and Paris.
(D) Creme de Meridor. (The soap and glycerin
type, perfumed, containing 73 per cent, of
water, no fat or wax. Impossible claims as to
stimulating and nourishing the skin, and over-
coming sallowness, freckles, eruptions, etc.; un-
warranted inference that greasy creams deaden
and injure the skin. Revision of claims in
progress.)
Espey, J. E., Chicago, 111.
^r Fragrant Cream, Espey 's. (A very pleasing glyc-
erin and Irish moss compound borated. Ex-
treme quality claims and use of superlatives
are deprecated. Said to be the <( only perfect
substitute for glycerin," when it contains glyc-
erin.)
Fay, C., Paris.
(N) Creme Imperatrice. (A saponifiable fat, colored
pink and perfumed, containing some zinc ozide
and bismuth subcarbonate. Absurd claims as
to preventing and concealing wrinkles and
freckles. No special advantage over cold cream
for general use, as claimed.)
180 1001 TESTS
Franco-American Hygienic Company, Chicago, 111.
(N) Hygienic Creme Eogiene. (A good glycerin
preparation containing boric acid, soap and
water. Meaningless claims that it will "impart
a transparent effect not achievable by any other
treatment.")
Gannon, E. M., Woodside, N. J., or W. M. Willett, San
Francisco, Cal.
(D) Wakelees Camelline. (A suspension of bismuth
subcarbonate, and calcium carbonate in rose
water, colored pink. Extravagant claims that
it will "remove eruptions, sallowness, restore
the color of youth, preserve the teeth from de-
cay," "a new discovery," etc.)
CH116, E., 1 Hamilton Grange, New York.
(D) Almond Skin Food. (Saponifiable fat with al-
mond perfume. Had become rancid; name not
warranted, in any respect. Improbable that
true almond is used and there is no such thing
as "a skin food.")
if Disappearing Cream. (The usual soap and glyc-
erin compound with boric acid and perfume.)
(N) Lemon Cleansing Cream,
(N) Strawberry Beauty Cream.
(Fair quality; saponifiable fat, perfumed
with lemon in one case and colored with co-
chineal in the other.)
TOILET ARTICLES 181
Graham, Mrs. Gervaise, 1475 Michigan Avenue, Chicago,
IU.
(D) Kosmeo. (Saponifiable fat and perfume. Of
only ordinary quality; claims that "It has no
equal/ 9 "keeps the skin fine grained," not per-
missible.)
Hinds, A. S., Portland, Me.
(N) Honey and Almond Cream. (A good glycerin
and soap preparation, containing "borax and al-
cohol; amounts of honey and almond are neg-
ligible in the finished product. Could not "be
found by the chemist though certified to be
added in small amounts. Considered mis-
branded for this reason.)
Hubert, Professor, Toledo, Ohio.
(D) Hubert's Malvina. (One of the dangerous
freckle creams, contains ammoniated mercury
(a poisonous salt), mineral oil and fat; is of-
fered for 4 saltrheum, ring worm, etc., as well as
for freckles and falling hair.)
Imperatrix Company, New York, N. Y.
* Imperatrix Skin-Cream. (Perfumed lanolin (fat
from sheep's wool) especially absorbent.
Claims as to efficiency for beautifying the skin,
treatment for pimples, black heads, etc., mildly
objectionable.)
Johnson, B. J., Soap Company, Milwaukee, Wis.
(D) Palmolive Cream. (Petrolatum, wax, saponi-
182 1001 TESTS
fiable fat, boric acid and perfume. Most ex-
treme claims are made as to its nutritious prop-
erties, "an actual body food acting like magic,
healing in a night." Name also misleading as
it contains little if any palm and olive oils. The
claims, however, are impossible regardless of its
composition.)
Keeler, Charles C., Atlantic City, N. J.
(D) Superior Cold Cream. (A petrolatum, wax, and
saponifiable fat product, perfumed with rose
geranium. The claims that it is "The cream
that is different," "is superior to all others for
massage purposes," "feeds the tissues and pre-
vents wrinkles," "is the only thorough cleanser
on the market," are not warranted in any par-
ticular.)
Lyon Manufacturing Company, Brooklyn, N. Y.
(D) Hagan's Magnolia Balm. (A glycerin, zinc oxide
and water lotion. Claims to be a "secret aid
to beauty, restore the bloom of youth to faded
cheeks, resist the ravages of time, eradicate
freckles, eruptions, etc."; could do none of
these things, obviously.
Marietta Stanley Company, Grand Rapids, Mich.
(N) "Sempre Giovine" (Always Young). (A solid
cake made of a mixture of palm and other oils
for massage purposes. Formerly very ex-
travagant claims were made for this product,
TOILET ARTICLES 183
which have been notably moderated. The name
itself is somewhat objectionable, as no massage
medium is a "fountain of eternal youth.' 9 )
Plexo Preparations Inc., New York and Paris.
^ Plexo Cleansing Cream. (Unsaponifiable oil with
wax, perfumed. General claims only mildly ex-
aggerated.)
(N) Plexo Greaseless Cream. (Stearic acid, soap,
glycerin, borax, and perfume, not entirely
greaseless, therefore not a "perfect vanishing
cream." Could not give "healthy, natural
color and glow," as claimed.)
Pompeian Manufacturing Company, 28 Prospect Street,
Cleveland, Ohio.
* Massage Cream. (Moist casein with benzaldehyde,
benzole acid, and a harmless pink dye. Mod-
erate claims made based chiefly on the value of
the massage. A stiff greaseless product.)
Pond's Extract Company, Clinton, Conn.
* Vanishing Cream. (A typical well compounded,
glycerin and soap preparation, perfumed.)
Pray, Dr. J. Parker, 12 E. 23rd street, New York, N. Y.
(D) Van-Ola. (Zinc oxide, mineral oil, wax, fatty
oil. Claims to be the "Finest compound
known/ 9 to "cure pimples/' etc.; composition
does not warrant claims.)
* Dr. Fray's Gloria-Lily Lotion. (A preparation
of glycerin, boric acid, Irish moss and aromatie
1001 TESTS
balsam. Slightly extravagant claims as to cur-
ing sunburn, rough dry skin, etc.)
Pura Manufacturing Company, Lancaster, Pa.
(D) Almond Dulce Hymettus Honey Cream. (Free
fat and stearic acid, held as an emulsion with
soap, water and probably gum; borax and in-
vert sugar present, perfumed with benzalde-
hyde and other oils. Nothing in composition to
warrant the claim that it is a very quick and
efficient remedy for burns, scalds and skin
eruptions. Its antiseptic action is sUght and
honey and almond present in very small
amounts if at all.)
Rose Petal Wrinkle Cream Company, Ridgefield Park,
N. J.
(D) Rose Petal "Wrinkle Cream. (Two ounces of a
soft grease perfumed with rose geranium and
sold for one dollar. Would have no special
value in "preventing wrinkles," or in "keep-
ing the complexion fresh and youthful as com-
pared with any cold cream.")
Royal Manufacturing Company, Toledo, Ohio.
(D) Rex Wrinkle Pencil. (Consists of petrolatum,
wax and saponifiable fat like lard or stearin.
No special efficacy for "sallow complexion,"
"large pores," etc.)
Simon, J., Faubourg St. Martin, 59, Paris.
* Creme Simon. (Zinc omde, glycerin, and per-
TOILET ARTICLES 185
fume. Mildly objectionable claims, such as
"unrivaled for care of skin," etc.)
Stillman's Freckle Cream Co., Aurora, Ills.
(D) Stillman's Freckle Cream. (Another of the ob-
jectionable freckle creams containing ammoni-
ated mercury.)
To-Kalon Manufacturing Company, Inc., New York,
London and Paris.
(D) Creme Tokalon. (This cream consists of water,
glycerin, boric acid and considerable free fatty
acids, probably a mixture of stearic and pal-
mitic with a little gummy substance, possibly
Irish moss. No soap is present and no oils or
fats. A good glycerin preparation with im-
possible claims, such as "Possesses astonishing
properties for quickly restoring the appearance
of youth," "Meets all the requirements of both
health and beauty," "After one application
over night will produce most astonishing re-
sults," etc.)
HAIR TONICS, SHAMPOOS, ETC.
Few hair tonics are injurious, but fewer still can
fulfill the claims that are made for them. A hair
tonic is usually an alcoholic solution of some of the
bodies (such as resorcin, cantharides, and pilo-
carpin), believed to have some stimulative effect
on the scalp. They owe their efficiency in no small
degree to the massage with which they are applied.
In hair health, as in body health, the treatment
must be fitted to the conditions and therein lies the
weakness of all such generalized treatments. The
health of the hair depends to a great extent upon
the health of the body, nervous condition, circula-
tion of the blood, etc., and where this is the case,
obviously external treatment is only palliative. It
cannot cure. One person's hair may be too dry
and another too oily. Is it common sense to apply
the same treatment to both? In one case a little
carbolated vaseline massaged into the scalp might
be of more benefit than a drying alcoholic tonic.
The stimulative principles, when they are expen-
sive, are usually present in very small amounts.
We are not going into the hair tonic business, but
suggest the following formula put up with water
186
TOILET ARTICLES 187
instead of alcohol, as one having general stimula-
tive principles: Pilocarpin nitrate, 1 gram; re-
sorcin, 25 grams ; water, 500 grams.
As for the various shampoo powders which de-
pend upon washing soda and borax to dry out the
hair and give the fluffy effect promised, they must
certainly be injurious if their use is long contin-
ued. They are expensive and the claims made
for them are not true. Nearly all of the tonics
claiming to "restore the color of the hair" with-
out dyeing it depend upon the interaction of lead
acetate and sulphur to brown the hair. Lead
acetate is a poisonous salt and while the actual
injury done will vary with the individual suscep-
tibility, the extent to which the tonic is used, etc.,
it cannot be considered a legitimate ingredient of
a product to be rubbed into the scalp.
Black hair dyes frequently contain nitrate of
silver, which while less poisonous than lead, is still
dangerous when used by the inexperienced. Seri-
ous consequences frequently follow the constant
use of such products, the damage varying with the
individual susceptibility. No hair dyes can be
recommended. As one eminent dermatologist has
said, "The only sensible thing to do with gray hair
is to admire it." Dyeing is unesthetic, as well as
unhygienic. The hair soon becomes dead and
188 1001 TESTS
dingy in color and repeated applications of the dye
must be made, so that the results are undesirable
from the standpoint of beauty, as well as from
that of cleanliness and health.
TESTED HAIR TONICS, SHAMPOOS, ETC.*
(Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; (N) indicates a
noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products
(D), rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for
details as to method of rating.)
Alexander and Mendes, New York, N. Y.
^ Brilliantine (Carnation). (Merely an unsapom-
fiable oil } perfumed with cloves. Harmless but
no lasting efficacy.)
American Druggists Syndicate, Long Island City, N. Y.
* A. D. S. Liquid Shampoo. (A liquid soap contain-
ing about 60 per cent, of water.)
Empress Manufacturing Company, New York City.
(D) Empress Improved Instantaneous Hair Color
Restorer. (A solution of paratoluylene ddamine
with sodium sulphite and sodium hydroxide.
Ammonium persulphate is also present. One
of the least objectionable anilin dyes but could
not be guaranteed to be noninjurious in all
cases. Statement that it is "absolutely harm-
less^ and "perfectly hygienic" could not be
guaranteed for this or any other hair dye. Is
not a "color restorer' 9 but a dye.)
* These are in no sense complete statements of analyses ; only
the most essential and characteristic ingredients are mentioned,
TOILET ARTICLES 189
Gille, E., 1 Hamilton Grange, New York, N. Y.
(N) Dandruff Salve. (Fat perfumed with oil of
cloves. No special claims made; of no more
value than any good vaseline.)
(D) Shampoo (Spun Gold).
(D) Tonic (Spun Gold).
(A deliberate deception, as the shampoo is es-
pecially stated to ~be not a bleach, which is
true, but the accompanying "tonic" is nothing
more nor less than the regular bleach, peroxide,
containing acetanilid.)
Giroux Manufacturing Company, Buffalo, N. Y.
lAr Parisian Sage Hair Tonic. (No harmful ingre-
dients present. Contains glycerin, capsicum
and very little sage, name hardly justified.
Small amounts of resorcin and cantharides in-
dicated. The claims made in the advertising
material are moderate, as they should be.)
Hall, R. P., and Company, Nashua, N. H.
(N) Hall's Hair Eenewer. (No lead and true to
label. Moderate claims made, "For the treat-
ment of falling hair," etc., but "Restores hair
in the majority of cases," too strong for any
hair tonic.)
Hiscox Chemical Works, Patehogue, N. Y.
(D) Parker's Hair Balsam. (A solution of lead
acetate with suspended sulphur. The lead salt-
is poisonous.)
190 1001 TESTS
Johixson, B. J., Soap Company, Milwaukee, Wis.
(N) Palm-Olive Shampoo. (No constituent found
which justified the name. Soap and glycerin
present with alcohol as declared.)
Lavox Company, The, Chicago, 111.
(D) Lavox Shampoo powder. (Soap and borax.
Claims that it does not make the hair dry and
brittle and should be used once a week and
does not destroy the oil of the scalp, obviously
misleading. )
Peterson, H. S., and Company, Chicago, 111.
(D) Canthrox. (Merely borax, soap and washing
soda. A mixture that would dry out the oil
of the scalp very materially and be injurious in
timCj if continuously used. Price out of all
proportion to cost.)
Philo Hay Specialties Company, Newark, N. J.
(D) Hay's Hair Health. (Another solution of sul-
phur and lead acetate, the latter deemed dan-
gerous.)
Pinaud, Ed., 18 Place Vendome, Paris.
* Eau de Quinine. (An alcoholic extract of qui-
nine, delicately perfumed. Amount of quinine
present is very small and its tonic properties
are problematic. Claims, however, are mod-
erate, as they should be.)
Seele-Thompson Company, New York.
(D) Mme. Seele's French Hair Bluing. (Harmless,
TOILET ARTICLES 191
but claims to be not a dye or stain while it is
in reality methyl violet, a coal tar dye.)
Tokalon, Inc., New York.
(D) Lavona (de Composee). (A liquid in a three
ounce bottle, consisting essentially of alcohol
25 per cent., salicylic acid, glycerin, some
saponin-like substance (probably present as
quillaja soap bark tree extract), a suggestion
of oil of bay, and water. No alkaloids, caf-
fein nor tannin present. Claims that it is "an
unrivaled hair tonic" and "contains the most
efficacious drug known for stimulating the ac-
tivity of the hair growing follicles as well as the
pigment-forming cells/' unwarranted.)
Vibert, F., Lyons, France.
(D) Petrole Halm for the Hair. (About % 2 of the
volume of the liquid is mineral oil, mostly
kerosene; contains no metals nor resorcin; essen-
tially alcohol, water, mineral oil, with per-
fuming and pungent oils and some resinous
drug. The small amount of mineral oil pres*
ent might have some antiseptic volume, but the
claims that "without any exaggeration the ac-
tion of Petrole Hahn may be described as mar-
velous," "It is indispensable to all who value
and wish to retain abundant hair/' "to retain
its natural color, etc.,' 9 are untenable.)
192 1001 TESTS
Warden Company, Chicago, 111.
(D) Ward's Dandru-Cide Shampoo. (Ten cents'
worth of crystallized washing soda sold for one
dollar. Altogether too harsh and drying an
alkali for use as a shampoo and the price is
exorbitant. Claims to be "a magical prepara-
tion/' "unsurpassed for treatment of an itch-
ing scalp/' "The world famous dandruff de-
stroyer/' etc.)
Waldeyer and Betts, 170 Fifth Avenue, New York,
N. Y.
(N) Swedish Hair Powder. (Merely talc, starch, and
powdered orris, used to remove the oil of the
hair by brushing. Harmless but hardly "A
shampoo substitute.")
Wildroot Chemical Company, Buffalo, N. Y.
(D) Dandruff Remedy, Wildroot. (Contains arsenic,
and some phenolic body, probably resorcin; per-
fumed and colored. The trace of alkaloidal
material present was too small for identifica-
tion. Contains 40 per cent, of alcohol, as de-
clared, and less than y 2 of one per cent, of non-
volatile matter. Claims that it is an herb com~
pound and a positive remedy for eczema and
dandruff obviously untenable.)
MISCELLANEOUS PREPARATIONS
These miscellaneous toilet preparations present
but little opportunity for comment, except that the
depilatories and perspiration preventatives are of
dubious efficacy, and of very doubtful healthful-
ness. Perspiration should not be checked and the
products used to bring this about are usually irri-
tating and contract the pores so that a double harm
may be done.
Many inquiries are received in regard to the
depilatories. They nearly all depend upon sodium
or barium sulphide, which removes the hair super-
ficially, with more or less danger, varying with the
frequency of its use, the amount applied, and the
sensitiveness of the individual skin. As long as
the root of the hair is not destroyed, the hair will
return and the claims made for these products are
out of all proportion to their efficiency. Nearly
always fancifully named toilet preparations con-
tain simple, well known ingredients for which ex-
travagant claims are made and an exorbitant
price is charged. They are usually harmless, ex-
cept in so far as one's time and money are wasted
and only disappointment ensues.
193
194 1001 TESTS
TESTED MISCELLANEOUS PREPARATIONS *
(Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; (N) indicates a
noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products
(Z>), rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for
details as to method of rating.)
Armour and Company, Chicago, 111.
(N) Luxor Bath Powder. (Fifty cents is an exorbi-
tant price for a package of crystallized, per-
fumed, washing soda. Is not "exhilarating and
invigorating/ 9 as formerly claimed.)
B. H. Company, Boston, Mass.
(D) Priscilla Parsons Perspiration Preventative. (A
water solution of zinc chloride. Might be irri-
tating, which fact is virtually admitted on the
label. The artificial checking of perspiration
by possibly irritating substances cannot be con-
sidered hygienic.)
B. and P. Company, Cleveland, Ohio.
(N) Wrinkle Eradicator. (Merely sheets of perfor-
ated court plaster; mechanically may have some
value in stretching the skin, but the claims as
to medication are not substantiated.)
De Miracle Chemical Co., New York City.
(D) De Miracle Depilatory. (An aqueous solution
* These are in no sense complete statements of analyses ; only
the most essential and characteristic ingredients are mentioned.
TOILET ARTICLES 195
of sodium sulphide, containing dissolved sul-
phur with a trace of sodium sulphite and per-
fumed with bay rum. Very extravagant claims
are made for this simple preparation, which
merely removes the hair superficially.)
Dry Pits Lotion Company, St. Louis, Mo.
(D) Dry Pits Lotion. (Two and one-half ounces of
aluminum chloride in water. Price on label
$1. An extravagant preparation of doubtful
efficacy and healthfulness. Checking of per-
spiration by these astringents cannot be con-
sidered harmless.)
Floridine Manufacturing Company, 42 Franklin Street,
New York.
(N) Lustr-ite Nail Enamel. (A harmless infusorial
earth for polishing the finger nails; exaggerated
claims.)
Forquignon Manufacturing Company, New York,
N. Y.
(N) F. B. Foronga Nail Bleach. (Tartaric acid and
boric acid, colored ivith a green coal tar dye.
Therefore the claim "purely vegetable" is not
warranted. Is slightly antiseptic and non-
injurious.
(N) F. B. Polpasta Nail Enamel. (Petrolatum with
pumice stone, boric acid and soluble dye. Anti-
septic and preservative virtues claimed are very
slight.)
196 1001 TESTS
Miihlens and Kropff, New York, N. Y.
* Eau de Cologne Sea Salt.
Mum Manufacturing Company, 1106 Chestnut street,
Philadelphia, Pa.
(N) Mum (Deodorant). (A harmless deodorant con-
sisting of fat with benzoic acid and zinc oxide.
No special claims made. Efficacious in some
cases.)
Murray, Joseph T., Rochester, N. Y.
(D) Beaux Yeux. (A glycerol of pepsin, colored
with cochineal and flavored with oil of rose.
The pepsin present is in an active state and
was found to digest egg albumen. Would
brighten the eyes only when natural pepsin was
lacking, and dull eyes were due to indigestion!
A most overrated product as it could not "in-
tensify the natural color of the eyes and make
them very brilliant.")
Odorono Company, Cincinnati, Ohio.
(D) Odor-0-No. (Essentially a solution of alumi-
num chloride, with a little free hydrochloric
acid, and a trace of bromid, artificially col-
ored; 1% fluid ounces sold for fifty cents. It
may clog the pores and irritate the skin. The
"Journal of the American Medical Associa-
tion 9 ' declares the preparation to be "both
fraudulent and dangerous/')
TOILET ARTICLES 197
Pray, Dr. J. Parker, 12 E. 23rd street, New York, N. Y.
* Diamond Nail Enamel. (Infusorial earth, eosin
(coloring). Claim "a, brilliancy equal to dia-
monds," is obviously a flight of fancy.)
(D) Ongoline. (Tartaric acid and orange flower
water; claims to be a new compound having
special efficacy and warns against oxalic acid,
which is more efficacious and while poisonous is
not injurious for external use.)
(D) Rosaline. (Essentially fat, wax and eosin (col-
oring). The claims that it is "A skin beauti-
fier, containing high medicinal virtues," that
it (( preserves the skin," and is (( superior to
any rouge," are entirely unwarranted.)
Stenzie Manufacturing Company, San Francisco, Cal.
(D) Stenzie. (A plastic mixture of colophony, with
some balsam and a small quantity of pink dye.
The price $1.50 is exorbitant. The hair is re-
moved superficially, merely by applying the
preparation in a plastic condition and stripping
it off after it has hardened, which would ap-
pear to be a rather crude and painful process
of removing hair.)
PERFUMES
Chemical analysis gives but little information
concerning perfumes. Only an expert can satis-
factorily differentiate between these as to quality.
The tests made were merely to determine in a gen-
eral way the delicacy of the perfume. Some syn-
thetic blends are so carefully made that only a
well trained olfactory nerve could distinguish
them from the true flower essence. In other cases,
as with the violet, for example, the true perfume
and the artificial ionone used to simulate it, are
quite easily distinguished. Very occasionally the
point is raised that refined methyl or wood alcohol,
known as Columbian spirits, is used in perfumes
instead of ethyl alcohol. While the refined spirits
are not so objectionable as the crude wood alcohol,
which could hardly be used because of its odor, still
the action of even the refined product on the optic
nerve is such as to render its use in perfumes inad-
missible, as they might be employed for bathing
the head and eyes, and would be objectionable if
not dangerous. Sometimes a point on excessive
price, in comparison with quality could be checked,
but for the most part the selection of a perfume is
198
TOILET ARTICLES 199
merely a matter of personal preference and rela-
tive expensiveness, and no special protection can
be afforded tlie consumer by an examination.
TESTED PERFUMES
(Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; (N) indicates a
noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products
(D), rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for
details as to method of rating.)
American Druggists' Syndicate, New York, N. Y.
(N) Violet Toilet Water. (Colored green. Appar-
ently artificial odor not especially delicate.)
Bourjoias, A., and Company, Paris.
(N) Bouquet Manon Lescaut. (Only a strong cologne,
for which a high price ($1.60) is asked.)
Colgate and Company, New York, N. Y.
* Eclat (Perfume).
* Imperial Lilac. (A good toilet water.)
Crown Perfumery Company, London.
(N) Crown Lavender Salts. (Objection to the claim
that these salts "purify the air in sick rooms/ 9
etc. They do not purify the air at all, but
merely mask unpleasant odors by an agreeable
one, quality good.)
Dralle, Hamburg.
* Illusion Violette, Violet, Veilchen.
Gelle Freres, Paris.
* Seduction.
200 1001 TESTS
Hanson and Jenks Company, New York, N. Y.
* Sweet Peas (perfumery).
* Violet Toilet Water Brut.
* Wood Violet Toilet Water.
Hudnut, Richard, New York, N. Y.
* Violet Sec Toilet Water. (Appears to be artificial
violet.)
Jennings Company, Grand Rapids, Mich.
* Dorothy Vernon Perfume.
Lanman and Kemp, New York.
* Florida Water.
Lazell, New York.
* Lazell 's Field Violets.
* Lazell's Japanese Honeysuckle Perfume. (Syn-
thetic perfume.)
Pinaud, Ed., Paris.
* Lilas de France Extrait Vegetal.
Rieger, The California Perfumer, San Francisco.
* Flower Drops Violet. (An expensive product
$1.50, but having the perfume of natural vio-
lets. Claims somewhat excessive. "The most
exquisite odor in the world, one drop diffuses
the odor of thousands of blossoms.")
Roger and Gallet, Paris.
* Eau de Toilette Pois de Senteur. (Sweet Pea.)
* Extrait de Violette de France.
yantine, A. A., and Company, New York, N. Y.
* Lotus San (Perfume.)
TOILET ARTICLES 201
* East India Sandal Wood Sachet,
^r Sandal wood (Perfume.)
* Wisteria Blossom Perfume.
-Ar Wisteria Blossom Sachet.
* Wisteria Blossom Toilet Water.
Vogue Perfumery Company, 234 5th Avenue, New York.
* Vogue Extrait Vegetal Lilasette Fleur. (A glyc-
erin alcoholic solution, perfumed with lilac.
Mildly extravagant claims as to quality.)
Wrisley, Allen B., Company, Chicago, 111.
T*r San Toy (Perfume.) (Another case of somewhat
exaggerated claims as to quality as: "Unri-
valed by imported perfumes.")
POWDERS
None of the powders are specifically injurious
except in so far as their continuous use without
proper massaging and cleansing fills the pores of
the skin, and so is undesirable. They consist in
most cases of talc, with sometimes a little starch,
calcium carbonate, or zinc oxide ; boric acid is fre-
quently added as an antiseptic and should be in-
cluded in the name of the product if present. The
zinc oxide is used largely for mechanical reasons
and is not at all objectionable. A mixed powder
should be called a toilet or face powder, not a
straight talcum. The buyer has a right to know
what he is getting. The rice powders, which are of
a finer texture, frequently contain considerable
amounts of talc, and as the former is the more ex-
pensive ingredient, such products are misbranded
and must be considered fraudulent, if the talcum
is not plainly declared on the label.
Apart from these considerations, the main crit-
icism of the toilet powders, is the extravagant
claims made for them. They cannot be considered
" complexion beautifiers" nor to have any real
value as "healing agents." For one well-known
talcum powder, it was formerly claimed that it
TOILET ARTICLES 203
gave immediate relief for chickenpox, measles and
scarlatina, and prevented decay of the teeth.
Such extravagant claims for the temporary sooth-
ing, cooling effect, that dusting the skin with any
borated powder might produce, are obviously
unwarranted. Some are finer in texture, more
carefully purified, and more delicately perfumed
than others, but any of them may be safely used
in moderation, and the choice is largely a matter
of individual taste.
TESTED TOILET POWDERS
(Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; (N) indicates a
noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products
(D), rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for
details as to method of rating.)
Allen Pharmacal Company, New York, N. Y.
* Koyal Violet Borated Talcum Powder.
American Druggists' Syndicate, Long Island City, N. Y.
* A. D. S. Majestic Lilac Talc.
Armour and Company, Chicago, 111.
+ Extra Pine Complexion Powder. (A good zinc
oxide, calcium carbonate, and talc powder, per-
fumed and tinted pink. Hardly "extra fine"
especially for the price (50 cents).
B. H. Company, The^ Boston, Mass.
* Priscilla Parsons Face Powder. (Disclosed talc,
zinc oxide, pink dye and very strong musk odor.)
1001 TESTS
Caswell, Massey Company, Ltd., New York, N. Y.
(N) Casma Talcum. (Extravagantly praised as a
"perfect, magnificent article." The usual bor~
ated talcum powder, borax not declared.)
Colgate and Company, New York, N. Y.
(N) Violet Talcum Powder. (Claims that it "keeps
the skin in a healthy condition," "formula of
an eminent physician," unwarranted. A good
talc, b or ated and perfumed nothing more
borax not declared.)
Crane, James C., 108 Fulton Street, N. Y.
(N) Elcaya Kice Powder, Avec Talc de Venise Purife.
(Called a rice powder but is % talc, added for
good mechanical reasons, but should be plainly
labeled "Rice Powder with talc" in English.
French wording in small type, objectionable.)
Freeman Perfume Company, Cincinnati, Ohio.
(N) Freeman's Medicated Face Powder. (Talc and
zinc oxide, good quality, but claims as to medi-
cation and effects as a complexion beautifier un-
warranted.)
Gille E., 1 Hamilton Grange, New York, N. Y.
* Cream White Face Powder.
* Flesh Face Powder.
^ White Face Powder.
(Usiwl zinc oxide, talc and calcium carbonate
combination, tinted; no special claims made.)
TOILET ARTICLES 205
Gomi, T. D., Geisha Importing Company, 3 East 17th
St., New York City.
(N) Oriental Wistaria Talcum Powder. (Should be
labeled "borated," a good powder.)
Heyer, George W., Houston, Texas.
fc Heyer 's Prickly Heat Powder. (Consists largely
of zinc oxide with starch and small quantities
of camphor and phenol. Claims moderate.
"For heat and itching of skin.")
Hudnut, Richard, New York, N. Y.
(N) Violet Sec Talcum. (Should be labeled "bo-
rated," a good powder.)
Kirk, James S., Co., Chicago, 111.
(N) Jap-Rose Toilet Talcum Powder. (Composed of
talc and zinc oxide; a borated toilet or com-
plexion powder. Is not a straight talcum,
strictly speaking, when so compounded.)
Lehn and Fink, New York, N. Y.
+ Riveris Talcum Powder. (Talcum; excellent qual-
ity with fine perfume. Not "a necessity for
baby's health" as claimed.)
Levy, Ben., Company, Boston, Mass.
(N) LaBlache Face Powder. (A good powder, (talc
206 1001 TESTS
and zinc oxide) which claims to produce "a
clear, healthy complexion." This is obviously
impossible. It merely conceals blemishes, the
same as any other powder.)
Marinello Company, Chicago, 111.
* Marinello Powder. (A slight trace of heavy metal,
tin or antimony, probably present as an im-
purity in the zinc oxide.)
Mennen, Gerhard, Chemical Company, Newark, N. J.
* Borated Talcum Toilet Powder. (A high grade
talcum now accurately labeled.)
* Violet Talcum Toilet Powder Borated. (A good
borated talcum powder, perfumed. Claim "sci-
entifically borated" meaningless, but revised la-
bels are conservative.)
Napoleon Pharmacal Company, New York, N. Y.
* Napoleon Lilac Aseptic Toilet Powder Borated.
Plexo Preparations, Inc., New York and Paris.
(D) Plexo Evening White. (A semi-liquid mixture of
zinc oxide, calcium carbonate and alcohol. Has
artificial violet perfume. Claims to conceal all
imperfections and still to be invisible. "Will
not rub off"; claims not tolerable.)
Pozzoni, J. A., Pharmacal Company, Chicago, Illinois.
(N) Pozzoni 's Gold Puff Box. (Extravagant claims
for a complexion powder and rouge, both con-
taining a pink dye and the powder carrying bis-
muth subcarbonate and zinc oxide. Not in-
jurious but over praised.)
TOILET ARTICLES 207
Pray, Dr. J. Parker, New York, N. Y.
(D) Dr. Fray's Hy-Gen-ia Face Powder. (Talc, zinc
oxide and starch with some magnesium carbon-
ate. Claims that it is healing, does not clog
glands or pores of the skin, a preservative and
medicinal powder, are deemed unwarranted.)
Pura Manufacturing Company, Lancaster, Pa.
(D) Hymettus Rose- Violet Talcum Powder. (Con-
tains zinc oxide, boric acid and talc, with a deli-
cate perfume. Many talcum powders are bo-
rated and the claims that it is "softer, finer and
more refreshing than other talcum prepara-
tions," and that it "heals" are not warranted.
Is not a straight talcum; should be labeled "a
borated toilet or complexion powder.")
Stafford-Miller Company, St. Louis, Mo.
(D) Carmen Complexion Powder. (Usual combina-
tion of talc, zinc oxide and starch, perfumed
and colored. Claims that it is the "best for
the skin," "never dusts off," "never shows poun-
der," "superior to other complexion powders,"
etc., are unwarranted.)
Tetlow, Henry, Philadelphia, Pa.
(D) Tetlow 's Superb Gossamer, Harmless for the Com-
plexion. (Another combination of talc, zinc ox-
ide, starch and perfume. Good in itself, but
claims that it "really nourishes, benefits and
softens the skin," does not obstruct the pores, and
is superior to all others, absurdly overdrawn.)
208 1001 TESTS
Vantine, A. A., and Co., New York, N. Y.
* Geisha Face Powder. (Talc, zinc oxide and starch,
perfumed and colored.)
if Kutch Sandal wood Talcum Powder. (Talc, pow-
dered orris, and sandalwood oil.)
+ Wistaria Blossom Talc. (Perfumed talcum pow-
der with a little starchy material.)
Vogue Perfumery Company, New York, N. Y.
,(D) Vogue Poudre de Biz. (Claimed to be a rice pow-
der but is 84 per cent. talc. Is, therefore,
plainly misbranded. No objection to adding
some talc, for mechanical reasons, if declared.)
if Vogue Liquid Complexion Powder. (Merely zinc
oxide and a little calcium carbonate suspended
in perfumed water.)
Williams, J. B., Company, Glastonbury, Conn.
(N) Violet talcum powder. (A good borated talcum
powder perfumed with artificial violet. Claims
that it is "unequaled for the toilet," "produces
a soft, healthy condition of the skin, etc.," are
extravagant, as they would be for any talcum
powder; borax should be declared.)
Wrisley, Allen B., Company, Chicago, 111.
(D) San Toy Talcum. (The usual combination of
talc, starch, calcium carbonate, and perfume; no
boric acid nor zinc oxide found and still it is
claimed that the powder is (( highly antiseptic
and healing 9 '; "absolutely perfect. 99 )
SOAPS
The main points in regard to the soaps are to be
sure that there is no free alkali or only a trace, and
not too much water, that is, that you are getting a
fair amount of soap for your money, and not pay-
ing for water. The high priced soaps contain no
more soap, are no more cleansing and are no purer
than many of the five cent products ; in fact, some-
times the contrary is the case. If a woman wishes
to pay 25 cents to one dollar for a perfumed,
colored cake of soap, daintily wrapped, for the
pleasure of using it, well and good, but she should
know that she is not getting "a bargain."
Glycerin soaps, for example, while of good quality
and useful for some skins, are not economical, as
they "waste" more quickly than other types.
The medicated soaps with almost no exceptions
must be criticised on account of their extravagant
claims. Any soap has some little antiseptic prop-
erties, but the amount of antiseptics added to
soaps and the conditions under which they are
used make it impossible that they should ful-
fill any extravagant claimg as to healing skin
diseases or producing anything approaching
209
210 1001 TESTS
complete antisepsis. They present another ex-
ample of permissible products over-burdened
with impossible claims. Other soaps we are
obliged to criticize on the ground of misbrand-
ing, since their composition does not warrant
the name given them, which would imply the
presence of certain ingredients or oils not found in
any material quantities. None of the soaps are
really harmful except in so far as the extravagant
claims made for them might be misleading and
cause one to neglect more important precautions
and depend upon them for services they could not
perform.
TESTED SOAPS
(Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; (N) indicates a
noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products
(D), rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for
details as to method of rating.)
American Druggists' Syndicate, Long Island City, N. Y.
(D) A. D. S. Kurakutic Soap. (Misleading name in
apparent imitation of "cuticura." No phenols
or other antiseptics detected. Claim "invalu-
able for skin purification/' misleading.)
(D) A. D. S. Improved Foot Soap. (Contains bran,
borax, eucalyptus, but no free iodine, nor free
olive oil, nor combined iodide in any form (as
claimed) could be detected. Fairly good com-
position, but claims that it would gradually re-
move corns, bunions and callouses unwarranted.)
TOILET ARTICLES
Armour and Company, Chicago, 111.
(N) Savon de Toilette Luxor. (A good grade tf soap
delicately perfumed. Wrapped in silk and sold
for one dollar. A good soap over-priced and
over-praised.)
Cereal Soap Company, 8 Beach Street, New York.
(D) Zap. (Soap, sodium carbonate, cornmeal and
oatmeal found. Statement that "no soap or
soda is required" is misleading when both are
present. Claim that it is "made from pure
vegetable cereals 9 ' is not warranted since other
substances are found. Unjustifiable criticism of
other soaps and claims that it is "the greatest
skin soap in the world/' and is "absolutely
pure" deemed unwarranted by its composition,
either as determined or claimed.)
Colgate and Company, New York, N. Y.
^ Cashmere Bouquet Toilet Soap.
* Heliotrope (Soap.)
Crittenton, Charles N., Company, New York, N. Y.
* Glenn's Sulphur Soap.
Fairbank, N. K., Company, Chicago, and New York.
* Fairy Soap. (A good floating soap containing
about 15 per cent, of water. All soaps that
float contain somewhat more moisture. No free
alkali or sodium carbonate. A good soap ex-
1001 TESTS
travagantly praised. "Unquestionably the
purest) best and most satisfactory soap on the
market/ 9 "the cleanest of all soaps for house-
hold use/' unwarranted; others just as good.)
Hinds, A. S., Portland, Maine.
(D) Hind's Honey and Almond Cream Soap. (Name
not warranted by composition; no honey or al-
mond detected. Statement that it "improves
the complexion" cannot be guaranteed.)
Hudnut, Richard, New York, N. Y.
* Violet Sec. (Soap.)
Jergens, Andrew, Company, Cincinnati and New York.
* Jergen's Violet Glycerine Soap. (Claims "We
have caught the real fragrance of the violets 9 ';
perfume appears to be largely artificial.)
(D) Woodbury's Facial Soap. (A good grade of
soap containing a small amount of phenol or
some similar antiseptic. The claim that it is
recommended "for eczema and acne/' and has
"stimulating tonic properties" are not war-
ranted, by composition.)
Johnson, B. J., Soap Company, Milwaukee, "Wis.
(N) Palm Olive Soap. (Impossible to determine the
exact nature of oils and fats used but palm and
olive were not present in sufficient amounts to
tuarrant the name. No criticism of soap itself.)
TOILET ARTICLES 218
Johnson and Johnson, New Brunswick, N. J.
* Synol Soap. (A liquid soap containing phenol and
glycerin. No free alkali; 51 per cent, of mois-
ture. 'Really a strong solution of carbolic; the
surgical claims for antisepsis and germ destroy-
ing powers are slightly extravagant.)
Kirk, James S., and Company, Chicago, 111.
^ Jap Rose Soap. (Statement that you "use only
half as much as you would of any other soap"
unwarranted. Contained 12 per cent water.)
Klein's, Budapest, Hungary.
* Glycerin Soap.
Lever Brothers Company, Boston, Mass.
(D) Lifebuoy Health Soap. (18 per cent, of water,
no free alkali and a slight trace of sodium car-
bonate; contains cresols or similar coal tar prod-
ucts. A good soap but claims "brings beauty
to the skin/' "prevents infection/' "for saving
life and preserving health" not warranted.)
Lilly, Eli, and Company, Indianapolis, Ind.
* Lilly 's Liquid Soap unscented.
Morgan's, Enoch, Sons Co., New York, N. Y.
(N) Hand Sapolio. (71 per cent, sand and little ex-
cess alkalinity. Claims to equal a mild turkish
bath; not of "perfect purity." Has a place for
removing stains, etc., but some claims excessive.)
1001 TESTS
Mulhens and Kropff, 298 Broadway, New York City.
* White Rose Glycerin Soap.
Packer Manufacturing Company, New York.
* Packer's Tar Soap.
Pears, A. F., Ltd., 71-75 New Oxford Street, London,
W. C.
* Pears' Soap.
Potter Drug and Chemical Company, Boston, Mass.
(D) Cuticura Soap. (A good grade of soap contain-
ing a small quantity of prussian Hue and prob-
ably a little phenol. Prussian blue has been
recommended for skin diseases. Excessive
claims made for Cuticura as to the prevention
and treatment of skin eruptions, are not war-
ranted by its composition.)
Proctor and Gamble, Cincinnati, Ohio.
* Ivory Soap.
Remmers, Cincinnati, Ohio.
(D) Remmers' Peroxide Soap. (No peroocide could "be
determined by the usual tests, therefore the
name is unwarranted and the product mis-
branded.)
Resinol Soap Company, Baltimore, Md.
(D) Resinol Soap. (Contains a small amount of
cresol or some similar substance. Impossible
claims made to the effect that it "prevents
acne," "nourishes the underlying tissues of the
TOILET ARTICLES 215
skin/ 9 "prevents falling out of the hair/ 9 etc.,
whereas antiseptic properties are very limited.)
Roger and Gallet, Rue d'Hauteville, Paris.
* Savon Violette de Parme.
* Savon Vera-Violetta. (A good grade of soap,
scented with violet. Sold for 85 cents. No su-
periority to the 25 cent cake could be discov-
ered. Perfume may be superior tut finished
product does not show it. Price excessive.)
Roessler and Hasslacher Chemical Company, New
York, N. Y.
(D) Peroxide Zinc Soap. (A good peroxide zinc soap
really liberating some oxygen. Claims made,
however, as to the "antisepsis of the body,"
"feeding oxygen through the pores of the
skin," etc., are absolutely unscientific and un-
warranted, as the skin does not absorb oxygen
to any notable extent under any conditions, so
far as scientists have been able to determine.)
Wrisley, Allen B., Company, Chicago, 111.
(D) Olivilo Soap. (A good soap but claims untenable:
"Makes beauty," "lasts nearly twice as long as
other ten cent toilet soaps," "keeps the skin in
its natural healthy condition."
TOOTH POWDERS, PASTES, ETC.
There are few if any tooth powders which are
really injurious, but their antiseptic power is lim-
ited by the conditions under which they are used
and the excessive claims made for these simple
preparations as to their efficacy in destroying
germs, sterilizing the mouth, preventing the forma-
tion of tartar, and even preventing or curing pyor-
rhea, are out of all proportion to the facts. A
good calcium carbonate, alkaline, mouth wash is of
value for its antacid properties, and the antisep-
tics, such as menthol, benzoic acid, thymol, eucalyp-
tol, etc., which are added have a limited efficiency.
Plain hydrogen dioxide, however, is probably as
efficient an artificial mouth wash as is available.
The great claims made for the liberation of oxygen
in the mouth and the effect so produced must be
looked at askance ; even though the statements may
be true to a certain extent theoretically, the effect
produced in the mouth is problematic. The claims
that the breath is purified are obviously false.
The breath may be perfumed or sweetened, but bad
breath coming from decaying teeth or lung
trouble or indigestion is not purified by the use of
any tooth paste, powder or wash, whatever it may
216
TOILET ARTICLES
contain. Some of the preparations are accom-
panied by circulars giving laboratory reports and
imposing pictures of microscopic slides, "before
and after using, ' J showing the germicidal effect of
the products in question. A laboratory experi-
ment of this Mnd by no means parallels the con-
ditions existing in the mouth and the conclusions
drawn from such experiments are unwarranted.
The ingredients of the several tooth powders and
pastes indicated in the list do not pretend to be
complete analyses, as often the ingredients are
present in too small an amount to be distinguished
by analysis. Only the general character of the
product is indicated.
The real function of a tooth paste or tooth pow-
der is to assist the brush and water in thoroughly
cleansing the tooth by friction. The antisepsis
afforded is really secondary and there is room for
a wide reform in regard to tooth pastes and tooth
powders, as to the claims made in this respect, a
point brought out at the recent meeting of the Na-
tional Dentists' Association, by Dr. L. F. Kebler,
Chief of the Division of Drugs, Department of
Agriculture, who said :
"After learning of the beneficial inhibiting effects of
the antiseptics on the activities of bacteria, it was nat-
218 1001 TESTS
urally believed that there was the means by which the
bacterial flora of the buccal cavity could be controlled
or stayed, if not absolutely destroyed. Experiments,
however, soon showed that it was impossible to sterilize
the oral cavity or even to appreciably diminish the num-
ber of bacteria without using the drugs in such strength
as to make them intolerable, if not absolutely dangerous,
either because of their disagreeable odor, and taste, or
because of their effects upon the mucous membrane and
their toxicity. ... It is a well recognized principle in
bacteriology that the greater the dilution of a germicide,
the longer the time of action necessary to destroy the
bacteria, and vice versa. From the necessary dilution
already considered, it is quite evident that none of these
germicidal agents can avail much in sterilizing the
mouth, and that antiseptics are of correspondingly little
actual value. ' '
It is these extravagant and misleading claims
which made it impossible to give the highest ap-
proval to many of the good tooth powders listed.
When a very excellent tooth powder containing
more antiseptics than usual is said to "kill all
germs/' "prevent contagion and all disease, " and
"cleanse as nothing else will do," we are obliged
to disprove it, excellent as its composition may be,
as we could not put our guarantee back of such
misleading claims.
TOILET ARTICLES 219
TESTED TOOTH POWDERS, PASTES, ETC.
(Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; (N) indicates a
noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products
(D), rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for
details as to method of rating.)
Allen Pharmacal Company, New York.
(N) Royal Tooth Powder. (Consists essentially of
soap, calcium carbonate, and methyl salicylate.
Claims as to preserving and hardening the gums
mildly extravagant.)
American Druggists' Syndicate, Long Island City, N. Y.
(N) A. D. S. Peroxide Tooth Powder. (Chalk, soap,
some form of solid peroxide, and flavoring
agents. Claims to "heal and harden the gums,"
"remove all external discolorations," to be "a
scientific combination of cleansing and anti-
septic agents," "to leave the mouth in an anti-
septic condition." Claims unwarranted.)
(D) A. D. S. Peredixo Tooth Paste. A Peroxide Tooth
Paste. (Use of word "Peredixo" to suggest
peroxide. No peroxide whatever found; merely
soap, chalk, glycerin, and flavoring agents.
Claims to be a peroxide tooth paste, which will
leave the mouth in a thoroughly aseptic and
wholesome condition. Name and claims mis-
leading.)
Armour and Company, Chicago, 111.
(N) Luxor Tooth Paste. (Calcium carbonate and
soap with menthol. A good antacid tooth
220 1001 TESTS
paste, but the claims that it "sweetens the
breath/' "hardens the gums/' and is "anti-
septic" are somewhat overdrawn.)
Colgate and Company, New York, N. Y.
* Ribbon Dental Cream. (Menthol, soap, calcium
carbonate, benzole acid, wintergreen, probably
glycerin. Claims merely to be antiseptic, which
it is to a slight degree.)
Dentacura Company, Newark, N. J.
(N) Dentacura. (A good preparation containing
soap, calcium carbonate, methyl salicylate,
menthol, eucalyptol, boric acid, etc. No thymol
could be detected in the finished product though
it is said to be added. Former impossible claims
such as "kills all germs," "prevents contagion,"
etc., withdrawn.)
Hall and Ruckel, New York, N. Y.
(N) Sozodont Tooth Paste. (Soap, calcium carbon-
ate, eosin (coloring), oil of cinnamon, and
menthol. A good tooth paste but the claims
that it is the "embodiment of ideas of famous
chemists," "hardens the gums," etc., are not
warranted by its simple composition.)
(N) Van Buskirk's Sozodont Antiseptic Tooth Paste.
(Essentially soap, calcium carbonate, menthol,
methyl salicylate and salicylic acid. Claims
that it "hardens the gums," "tones and ster-
ilizes the mouth," extravagant; other state-
ments moderate.)
TOILET ARTICLES
Kolynos Company, New Haven, Conn.
(D) Kolynos. (A good preparation containing cal-
cium carbonate, soap, menthol and small
amounts of other antiseptics. Overburdened
with perfectly impossible claims such as "dis-
ease preventer," "destroys germs of diphtheria
and pneumonia in less than one minute," etc.,
"sterilizes the mouth to degree heretofore be-
lieved impossible," etc.)
Lavoris Chemical Company, Minneapolis, Minn.
(D) Lavoris. (A mouth wash containing zinc chlo-
ride, menthol, oil of cassia and alcohol, as its
principal ingredients. Formaldehyde claimed,
none found; statements made as to its germici-
dal and healing properties greatly exagger-
ated.)
Lehn and Fink, New York, N. Y.
(D) Pebeco Tooth Paste. (Differs from most tooth
pastes in containing potassium chlorate; prob-
ably is not injurious under the conditions in
which it is used, and the amount in which it is
present. Other important ingredients are:
calcium carbonate, soap, methyl salicylate, and
menthol. Extravagant claims as to efficiency
in relief of disease, antiseptic value, etc., unten-
able.)
Lyon, I. W., and Sons, 520 West 27th Street, New York.
(N) Perfect Tooth Powder. (Essentially soap, cal-
cium carbonate, and methyl salicylate. Does
222 1001 TESTS
not really "purify the breath" as claimed.)
McKesson and Robbins, New York, N. Y.
(N) Calox, The Oxygen Tooth Powder. (Contains
peroxide, menthol, methyl salicylate and cal-
cium carbonate. Does liberate some active oxy-
gen in the mouth but the efficacy of this ingre-
dient is greatly over estimated.)
Mermen, Gerhard, Chemical Company, Newark, N. J.
(N) Cream Dentrifrice. (Consists essentially of soap,
calcium carbonate, glycerin, alcohol and aro-
matic, antiseptic oils, among which menthol is
prominent. Former extravagant claims that it
"sterilizes the breath," "is highly germicidal,
hence a protection against all germ diseases and
decay," have been withdrawn but label is still
slightly extreme.
Pyro Chemical Company, 1212 Saratoga Street, Balti-
more, Md.
(D) Pyrodento. (An alkaline liquid, containing 5 per
cent, of alcohol, as declared, with sodium bicar-
bonate, egg albumen, boric acid, glycerin, and
small amount of formaldehyde, and the oils of
cinnamon, spearmint and peppermint. No po-
tassium permanganate could be detected, though
it is claimed in the formula, and if added, is
present in too small amounts to be detected or
to be of any practical value. Claims that "It
destroys bacteria, thus acting as a prophylactic
to all diseases of the oral cavity," "hardens
TOILET ARTICLES 223
the gums," and is "especially recommended for
pyorrhea," not warranted.)
(D) Pyrodento Creme Paste. (Consists essentially of
calcium and magnesium carbonates, fixed oil,
boric acid 9 glycerin, egg albumen, a trace of
formaldehyde, sodium carbonate, oils of spear-
mint, peppermint, and cinnamon. No soap,
gelatin or starch present. No potassium per-
manganate detected. Could not sterilize "at
the mouth/ 9 and its usefulness in the treatment
of pyorrhea, stomatitis, chronic ulcerations, etc.,
problematic.)
Sanitol Chemical Laboratory Company, St. Louis, Mo.
(N) Sanitol Tooth Paste. (Contains calcium carbon-
ate, soap, methyl salicylate, and menthol.
Claims "the most effective cream "known to the
dentist," "of lasting benefit to teeth and gums,"
not warranted by the composition.)
Sheffield Dentrifice Company, New York City, N. Y.
(N) Dental Cream. (Essentially sassafras, menthol,
soap, calcium carbonate, eosin (coloring) and
oil of cinnamon. Over weighted with such
claims as the following: " Coats the teeth with
an alkaline film that protects them for hours";
"neutralizes all acids of the mouth," "best in
the world," etc.)
United Drug Company, Boston, Mass.
(N) Eexall Tooth Powder. (Essentially soap, cal-
1001 TESTS
cium carbonate, methyl salicylate and thymol.
Claims to remove usual cause of decayed teeth
and fetid breath. This could not possibly be
true, as decaying teeth and bad breath in many
cases have deep systemic causes which a tooth
powder could not reach. Statement true only
in a most general way in so far as it keeps the
teeth clean.)
NOTE: Changes and corrections in ratings and descriptive
matter will be published, as opportunity may offer, in Good
Housekeeping Magazine. All communications concerning such
changes should be addressed to me as Director of the Good
Housekeeping Bureau of Foods, Sanitation and Health, Wood-
ward Building, Washington, D. C.
H. W. WILEY.
INDEX
INDEX
A. D. S. Foot Tablets, 131
Improved Foot Soap, 210
Kurakutic Soap, 210
Peredixo Tooth Paste, 219
Peroxide Tooth Powder, 219
Shaving Cream, 177-178
Acker, Merrall & Condit Co.,
155, 159
A-Corn Salve, 135
Adirondacks Maple Co., 169
Adulterants in candies, 33
canned goods, 41
condiments, 95
cocoas, 7
cold creams, 177
dried meats, 149
flours, 79
honey, 169
macaroni, 92
olive oil, 153
preserves, 157
salad dressings, 96
shampoo powders, 187
syrups, 167
vinegars, 97
American Dehydrating Co., 127
Druggists' Syndicate, 55 ? 131,
177, 188, 199, 203, 210,
219
Fruit Products Co., 21, 159
Malted Food Co., 55
American Sugar Kefining Co.,
169
Vineyard Co., 127
Ammon & Pearson, 147
Anchovy Paste, Crosse & Black-
well's, 123
Angelus Cough Drops, 141
Anheuser-Busch Brewing Ass'n,
21
Anker's Bouillon Capsules, 65
Antiseptic Throat Pastilles, 134
Albumen in baking powders, 2
Alcohol in grape juice, 20
Alexander & Mendes, 188
Alkali-treated cocoa, 6
Allen Pharmacal Co., 203, 219
Allen's Foot Ease, 140
Almond Dulce Hymettus
Cream, 186
Almond Extract, 116, 117, 118,
120, 121
Almonds, Festino, 31
Als Hangesund Preserving Co.,
123
Alum in baking powders^ 2
Apple Jam, 159, 160
Juice, Duffy's, 21
Apples, evaporated, 128
Apricots, Del Monte Brand, 45
evaporated, 127
Hunt Brothers', 46
227
228
INDEX
Apricots, Troubadour Brand,
46
Arbuckle Bros., 13
Armour & Co., 21, 62, 147, 150,
177, 194, 203, 211, 219
Aroma Coffee Co., 13
Aromint Co., 35
Artaud, J. B. & A. Frfcres, 154
Artichokes, canned, 66
Asiatic Products Co., 17
Asparagus, canned, 66, 68
Aunt Jemima's Brand Pancake
Flour, 82
Aurora Condensed Milk Co., 56
Austin-Nichols & Co., 66, 98,
127, 159
B. H. Company, The, 178, 194,
203
Bacon, Beechnut Brand, 150
Dairy Brand, 151
Ferris's Boneless, 150
Jones Dairy Farm, 151
Swift's Premium, 152
Baked Beans, canned, 67
Baker Extract Co., 116
Baker, Franklin Co., 109
Baker Importing Co., 13
Baker, Walter & Co., 7
Baking Powder Calumet, 3
Cleveland Superior, 3
Congress, 4
Davis 0. K., 3
K. C., 4
Dr. Price's Cream, 4
Royal, 4
Rumford, 4
Uprise, 3
Baking Powders, the three
types, 1
Soda, Slade's, 4
Banana Flavor, 117, 120
Bananas, Evaporated, 127
Barley Crystals, 75
Flour, Jireh Diatetic, 84
Bartlett, Stephen L. Co., 7
Barton & Guestier, 154
Bauer & Black, 131
Beale & Garnett Co., 123
Beans, canned, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70
Beardsley's Sons, J. W., 62, 123
Beaux Yeux, 196
Beechnut Packing Co., 98, 150,
159
Beef, Corned, Red Cross Brand,
151
Dried, Armour's Sliced, 150
Beechnut Brand, 150
Libby, McNeill & Libby'i,
151
Beet Sugar, 163
Beets, canned, 67, 68, 69
Bell, Wm. G. Co., 98
Belle Mead Sweets, 35
Benger's Food, Ltd., 56
Bensdorp, (Amsterdam, Hol-
land), 7
Benzoate of soda in condi-
ments, 96
Berna Milk Co., 56
Berndt & Co., 17
Bernese Alps Milk Co., 56
Biscuit, Adora, 31
Arrowroot, 31
Baronet, 31
Frotana, 32
INDEX
Biscuit, Jireh Diatetic, 29
Pakatin, 30
Saltine, 32
Social Tea, 32
Sunshine Assorted, 30
Sunshine Citrus, 31
Sunshine Petite Beurre, 31
Takoma, 31
Uneeda, 32
Water Thin, 32
Bishop & Co., 36
Bismark Grocery Co., 13
Bitter Chocolates, 6
Blackberries, Silver Lake
Brand, 47
Blanke, C. F., Tea and Coffee
Co., 13, 17
Blendo Food Co., 14
Bliss, Alonzo 0. Co., 132
Blookers (Amsterdam, Hol-
land), 8
Blue Jay Corn Plasters, 131
Bonbons, Huyler's, 36
Maillard's, 37
Park & Tilford's, 38
Schrafft's, 39
Borden's Condensed Milk Co.,
14, 36, 56
Bosnian & Lohman Co., 147
Bouillon, Clam, 62
Cubes, Anker's, 65
Armour's, 62
Liebig's 0X0, 65
Steero, 65
Bourjoias, A. & Co., 199
Boyle, John Co., 45, 66
Brakeley, Joseph, Inc., 66
Brilliantine, Carnation, 188
Brooke, C. M. & Sons, 21
Brooke's Lemos, 21
Buckwheat Flour, Teco Brand,
82
Burnett, Joseph & Co., 117
Burnham, E. L. Co., 62
Burnham & Morrill Co., 123
Butter, Fox River, 148
B. & P. Company, 194
California Fish Co., 123
Fruit Canners* Association,
45, 66, 127
Calocide Compound, 138
Calox, the Oxygen Tooth Pow-
der, 222
Calumet Baking Powder Co., 3
Calves Foot Jelly, 150
Calvet & Co., 155
Campbell Co., 155
Campbell, Joseph Co., 62
Campbell's Kooking Oil, 155
Candies, adulterants in, 33
Candy Figs, 36
Cane Sugar, 163
Canned Goods, adulterants in,
41
labeling, 44
weights, 42
Canthrox, 190
Capsicum Vaseline, 132
Caramels, Belle Mead, 35
H. D. Foss & Co.'s, 36
Johnston's, 37
Lowney's, 37
Maillard's 37
Park & Tilford's, 38
Schrafft'i, 39
230
INDEX
Caramels, Whitman's, 40
Carbolated Vaseline, 132
Carque, Otto, 89
Carque Pure Food Co., 127, 147
Carter Lytle Drug Co., 132
Castle, The W. A. Co., 155
Castor Oil, Tasteless, 143
Caswell, Massey Co., Ltd., 204
Catsup, 98
Blue Kibbon, 103
Libby, McNeill & Libby's,
101
Pride of the Farm, 103
Princess Brand, 101
Hitter Conserve Co.'s, 103
Snider's, 105
Yours Truly, 106
Caviar, Cresca Co's, 123
Celery Flavor, 119
Cereal Soap Co., 211
Ceylon Spice Co., 109
Chambers Sons, James, 109
Chase & Sanborn, 14
Cheese Sandwich, 31
Cherries, Cobb's Navy Brand,
46
Del Monte Brand, 45
Evaporated, 127
Hunt Brothers, 46
Troubadour Brand, 46
Cherry Extract, 117
Chesebrough Mfg. Co., 132
Chicken, Boneless, Derby
Brand, 151
Boneless, Libby, McNeil &
Libby's, 151
Richardson & Bobbins' 151
Chili Sauce, Heinz, 101
Chili Sauce, Libby, McNeill &
Libby's, 101
Snider's, 105
Chiris, Antoine, 155
Chocolate and cocoa, difference,
5; theo-bromin in, 5
Borden's Milk, 36
Chocolat Lindt, 39
Creams, Belle Mead, 35
Caracas, 38
Johnston's, 37
Maillard's, 37
Schrafft's, 39
Skylark, 38
Hershey's Milk, 36
Huyler's Premium, 8
Maillard's Premium, 8
Peppermints, H. D. Foss &
Co.'s, 36
plain or bitter, 6
Stollwerck's Gold Brand
Premium, 9
Suchard's, 39
Wadsworth's, 39
Whitman's Instantaneous, 9
Yours Truly Premium, 9
Chocolates, Almond Milk, 38
Huyler's, 36
Loose-Wiles' Nobility, 37
Lowney's, 37
Marmay Crimped, 37
Nestle's Almond Sweet Milk,
38
Nestle's Hazel Nut Sweet
Milk, 38
Original Sweet Milk, 38
Park & Tilford's 38
Skylark, 38
INDEX
231
Chocolates, Whitman's, 40
Wilbur's 40
Chow Chow, 160
Christian Company, 82
Christy, Arthur N. & Co., 117
Cinnamon Flavor, 119
Clam Bouillon, 62
Clams, Pioneer Minced, 125
Clark, Coggins & Johnson Co.,
14
Clark's Corporation, 133
Cleveland Baking Powder Co.,
3
Cleveland Macaroni Co., 93
Climax Coffee Co., 14
Cliquot Club Co., 22
Cloves Flavor, 119
Cobb Preserving Co., 46
Coca Cola Co., 22
Cocoa, adulterants, 7
and chocolate, difference, 5
alkali-treated, 6
Baker's Breakfast, 7
Blooker's Daalders, 8
Dutch process, 6
Huyler's, 8
Lowney's Breakfast, 8
Maillard's Breakfast, 8
Phillips Digestible, 8
Royal Dutch, 7
Swiss Chocolates Co.'s, 8
Van Houten's Famous, 9
Yours Truly Breakfast, 9
Cocoanut, Baker's Premium
Shred, 109
Cod Liver Oil Capsules, 135
Codfish, Beardsley's Shredded,
123
Codfish, Gorton's Boneless, 124
Lord Brothers' Boneless, 124
Coffee, Ariosa, 13
Bakerized Steel Cut, 13
Blendo, 14
Borden's Condensed, 14
Caldwell's Electric Cut, 13
Dekofa, 15
Fairy Cup Instant, 14
Hotel Astor, 14
instantaneous, 12
La Touraine, 16
Lockyer's Extra Fancy B., 15
Lockyer's Extra Fancy C., 15
Mrs. Rorer's Brand Own
Blend, 14
Old Grist Mill, 16
Pure Essence of, 14
Puri-tan-ated, 14
Queen Isabella Porto Rico,
16
Richlieu Brand Hans Evers
Process Vacuum Treated,
16
Royal Stag, 15
Seal Brand, 14
substitutes for, 11
The "400" Blend, 15
Tourist, 15
Washington Prepared, 15
White House Brand, 14
Yuban; the Arbuckle Guest
Coffee, 13
Yours Truly, 13
Substitute, Banan-Nutro, 16
Instant Postum, 16
Kellogg's Cereal Beverage,
15
INDEX
Coffee, Kneipp Malt, 15
Colburn, The A. Co., 98, 109,
118
Cold Cream, Almond Dulce
Hymettus Honey, 184
Colgate & Co.'s, 178
CrSme de Meridor, 179
CrSme Elcaya, 177
Crgme Imperatrice, 179
Crme Luxor, 179
CrSme Simon, 184
Cr6me Tokalon, 185
Daggett & Ramsdell's, 179
Espey's Fragrant, 179
Gille's, 180
Honey and Almond, 181
Hubert's Malvina, 181
Hygienic Crerne Eogiene, 180
Imperatrix Skin Cream, 181
Keeler's Superior, 182
Kosmeo, 181
Luxor, 178
merits of, 173
Palmolive Cream, 181
Plexo, 183
Pond's Vanishing, 183
Priscilla Parson's, 178
simple formula for, 176
Coleman & Co., 22
Colgate & Co., 178, 199, 204,
211, 220
Colman, J. & J., 99
Condensed Milk, 51
Aurora, 56
Gail Borden Eagle Brand,
56
Carnation Brand, 59
Hires, 68
Condensed Milk, Libby, McNeill
& Libby's, 58
Sweet Clover Brand, 59
Swiss, 56
Soups, Campbell's, 62
Franco-American, 63
Knorr's, 63
Libby, McNeill & Libby's,
64
Puro Brands, 65
Yours Truly, 63
Condiments, adulterants in, 95
benzoate of soda in, 96
Cookies, Chocolate Tokens, 31
Educator Gluten, 29
Edwards's Bran, 29
Lemon Snaps, 32
Nabisco, 32
Old Time Sugar, 32
Sunshine Philopena Almond,
31
Vienna Sugar Fingers, 31
Zu-Zu Ginger Snaps, 32
Corby Brothers, 3
Corn, canned, 66, 67, 68, 70
Corn Products Refining Co.,
Ill, 117
Corned Beef, Red Cross Brand,
151
Cornmeal, Pamunkey Mills, 84
Cornstarch, Kingsford's Os-
wego, 111
Cottolene, 148
Cottonseed Oil, 153, 155, 157
Coumarin, definition of, 114
Cox, J. & G., 109
Crab Meat, 124
Havalan Brand, 125
INDEX
Crab Meat, McMenamin & CO.'B,
124
Crackers, Educatpr Graham, 30
Educator Oatmeal, 30
Graham, 32
Sunshine Graham, 31
Cranberries, D e h y d r o-Fresh,
127
Cranberry Sauce, Premier
Brand, 47
Crane, James C., 178, 204
Cream of Tartar, Slade's, 4
Cream of Wheat Co., 75
Creolin-Pearson, 138
Crerne de Meridor, 179
Elcaya, 178
Imperatrice, 179
Luxor, 177
Simon, 184
Tokalon, 185
Crescent Mfg. Co., 118
Crescent Mapleine, 118
Cresca Company, 66, 99, 123,
128, 159
Cresco Grits, 75
Crisco, 148
definition, 145
Crittenton, Charles N. Co., 133,
211
Crosse & Blackwell, 14, 100,
123, 160
Crown Lavender Salts, 199
Crown Perfumery Co., 199
Cruikshanks Brothers Co., 160
Crystal Gelatin Co., 109
Cudahy Packing Co., 63
Currant Jelly, 160, 161
Currants, Dromedary Brand,
128
Currie Powder, 100
Curtice Brothers Co., 100, 160,
Cuticura Ointment, 141
C. N. Disinfectant, 144
Daggett & Ramsdell, 179
Dalenut Butter, 148
Dandruff Remedy, Wildroot,
192
Salve, Gill6's, 189
Dates, Dromedary Brand, 128
Davies, K. M. & Co., 46
Davis, Frank E. Co., 124
Davis Milling Co., 82
Davis, R. B. Co., 3
De Groff, Lewis & Son, 67, 128
Del Monte brand canned fruits,
45, 46
De Meridor Co., 179
De Miracle Cremical Co., 194
Depilatory, 194
Denmark Condensed Milk Co.,
57
Dentacura Co., 220
Derby, H. C. Co., 150
Detoxyl, 139
Deviled Crab Meat, 124
Diamond Crystal Salt Co., 100
Diamond Delico, 109
Diamond Gelatin Co., 109
Diamond Nail Enamel, 196
Dioxogen, 140
Dodge, Walter Luther & Co.,
134
Dole's Pure Hawaiian Pine-
apple Juice, 23
INDEX
Downs, Jean, 134
Dr. Fray's Gloria-Lily Lotion,
183
Dralle, (Hamburg), 199
Dried Beef, Armour & Co.'s,
150
Beechnut Brand, 150
Libby, McNeill & Libby's,
151
Dry Pits Lotion, 195
Dry Pits Lotion Co., 195
Duff, P. & Sons, 170
Duffy's Apple Juice, 21
Duluth Superior Milling Co.,
82
Dunbar, G. W. Sons Co., 67
Durkee & Co., 100
Dwinell-Wright Co., 14, 17
E. C. D. Chemical Co., 134
Eau de Cologne Sea Salt, 195
Evaporated Milk, Borden's
Peerless, 57
Danish Prize, 57
Carnation Brand, 59
Our Pet Brand, 57
Swiss, 56
Van Camp's, 60
Educator Toasterettes, 30
Edwards, Elinor E., 29
Ehman Olive Co., 161
Eisner Mendelson Co., 23
Ekenberg Company, 82
Emery & Co., 124
Empress Mfg. Co., 188
Eskay's Albumenized Food, 60
Espey, J. E., 179
Evans' Sons, Lescher & Webb,
Ltd., 23, 134
Every Woman Co., 134
Every Woman's Flesh Reducer,
134
Eye Cream, Moras's, 139
Extract of Beef, Armour's, 62
Cudahy's, 63
of Meat, Liebig's, 64
Extracts, Bee Brand, 119
exaggerated claims, 113
F. B. Foronga Nail Bleach, 195
F. B. Polpasta Nail Enamel,
197
Fairbank, N. K. Co., 148, 211
Farwell & Rhines, 75, 83
Fay, C., 180
Ferris, F. A. & Co., 150
Fig Newtons, 31
Figs, Carque's California, 127
Cresca, 128
Dromedary Brand, 129
Health Brand, 128
Finnan Haddie, 123
Fischer, B. & Co., 14, 17, 89,
100
Fish Flake, Davis's, 124
Burnham & Morrill Co.'s, 123
Five Kernels Food Co., 75
Fleischmann Co., The, 3
Floridine Mfg. Co., 195
Flour, Aristos, 87
Aunt Jemima's Pancake, 82
Ceresota Brand, 85
Duluth Imperial, 82
Educator Brands, 84
Fountain Brand, 83
INDEX
235
Flour, Fountain Graham, 87
Franklin Mills, 83
Gold Medal, 87
Golden Touch King Midas,
86
Heeker's Graham, 83
Jireh, 84
King Arthur, 86
Northern Light Brand, 85
Occident, 86
Old Grist Mill Brand, 86
Pillsbury's, 85
Purina Whole Wheat, 85
Superlative Self-Raising, 84
Swans Down Prepared, 84
Flours, adulterants in, 79
gluten, 80
self-rising, 80
Fluid En-Ser-01, 134
Force, 75
Forest Home Farm, 83, 147,
150
Formamint Tablets, 131
Forquignon Mfg. Co., 197
Foss, H. D. & Co., 36
Foulds Milling Co., 93
Fox River Butter Co., 148
Franco-American Food Co., 63
Franco-American Hygienic Co.,
180
Frank & Son, 150
Franklin Mills Co., 83
Frear, Fred, 100
Frederick City Packing Co., 67
Freeman Perfume Co., 204
Freihofer's Vienna Baking Co.,
93
Fresno Home Packing Co., 128
Fruit Flavors, Premium Brand,
119
Gaidry, Lowell R., 100
Gannon, E. M., 180
Geisha Importing Co., 205
Gelatin, 107-108
Boston Crystal, 109
Chalmers' Transparent, 109
Cox's, 109
Knox's, 111
Lipton's Jelly Tablets, 111
Minute, 111
Plymouth Rock, 112
Gelle Fr&res, 199
Genesee Pure Food Cov, 110
George Washington Coffee Sales
Co., 15
"Get Slim," 134
Gherkins, 161
Giant Chemical Co., 135
GillS, E., 180, 189, 204
Gillet, Martin & Co., 17
Ginger Ale, Aromatic, 25
Celebrated Club Extra Dry,
22
Delatour, 25
Hywaco, 24
Ross's Royal, 25
Standard, 25
Tally-Ho, 25
essence, 119, 120
Giroux Mfg. Co., 189
Githens, Rexsamer & Co., 15
Glucose in candies, 33
Glenn's Sulphur Soap, 211
Gluten Bread, Remmers' Dia-
betiker loaves, 32
236
INDEX
Gluten flours, 80 ; 81
Golden Gate Fruit Co., 23
Gomi, T. D., 206
Gordon & Dilworth, 150, 161
Gorman & Co., Inc., 124
Gorton Pew Fisheries Co., 124
Gorton's Boneless Codfish, 124
Graham, Mrs. Gervaise, 181
Grand View Farm Produce Co.,
150
Grape Capsule Co., 135
juice, alcohol in, 20
Armour's, 21
Red Wine, 25
Welch's, 25
Grape Nuts, 76
Green Bay Canning Co., 67
Greenhut-Siegel Cooper Co., 67,
83, 128
Griffith-Durney Co., 46
Grove, E. W., 135
Gumbert, S. & Co., 3
Hagan's Magnolia Balm, 182
Hair Tonic, Canthrox, 190
Empress Improved Instan-
taneous Hair Color Re-
storer, 188, 189
Gilte's Spun Gold, 189
Hall's Hair Renewer, 189
Hay's Hair Health, 190
Lavona, 191
Mme. Seele's French Hair
Bluing, 190
Parisian Sage, 189
Parker's Hair Balsam, 189
Petrole Hahn for the Hair,
191
Hair Tonic, Pinaud's Eau de
Quinine, 190
simple formula, 187
Hall, R. P. & Co., 189
Hall & Ruckel, 220
Ham, Dairy Brand, 151
Ferris's Our Trade Mark,
150
Forest Home Farm, 150
Frank & Son's Lax, 150
Jones Dairy Farm, 151
Swift's Premium, 152
Deviled, Libby, McNeill &
Libby's, 151
Underwood's, 152
Potted, Richardson & Rob-
bins, 151
Hansen's Charles, Laboratory,
110
Hanson & Jenks Co., 200
Harris, W. B. Co., 15, 18
Haserat Canneries Co., 67
Hawaiian Pine Apple Products
Co., 23
Pineapple Co., 46
Hay's Hair Health, 190
Hearns & Jones, 170
Hecker Cereal Co., 83
H e c k e r- Jones- Jewell Milling
Co., 84
Heide, Henry, 36
Heinz, H. J. Co., 67, 93, 101,
110, 148, 155, 161
Heller-Barnham Co., 36
Helvetia Milk Condensing Co.,
57
Hershey Chocolate Co., 36
Heyer, George W., 205
INDEX
Higgins, Wm. H. & Co., 128
Hill Brothers Co., 128
Hinds, A. S., 181, 212
Hind's Honey and Almond
Cream Soap, 212
Hipolite Company, The, 110
Snow-Mallow, 110
Hire Household Extract, 23
Hires, Charles E. Co., 23
Condensed Milk Co., 58
Hiscox Chemical Works, 189
H. 0. Company, 75
Hoff, Johann, 23
Holbrook & Co., 101
Holland Rusk Co., 29
Hominy, canned, 70
Hominy, White Rose Brand, 77
Honey, Acme Brand, 170
adulterants in, 169
Emerson Brand, 172
Golden Tree, 171
Premier Brand, 170
Hopewell Dainties, 36
Horlick's Malted Milk Co., 58
Hormel, G. A. & Co., 151
Hornby's Oatmeal, 75
Houston Packing Co., 151
Howard, J. F., 101
Hoyt, W. M. Co., 63
Hubert, Prof., 181
Hudnut, Richard, 200, 205, 212
Hulled Corn, Van Camp's, 70
Humbert & Andrews, 161, 170
Hunt Brothers, 46
Huyler*s, 8, 36
Hygeia Distilled Water Co., 24
Hygienic Food Co., 76
Hydrox-Chemical Co. a 135
Hydrox Hydrogen Peroxide,
135
Hydroxyl-Free Cod Liver Oil,
138
Igleheart Brothers, 84
Imperatrix Co., 181
Imperial Granum Co., 58
Infant's Food, 48-51
Benger's 56
Eskay's Albumenized Food,
60
Imperial Granum, 58
Mead's Dextri-Maltose, 58
Mellin's Food, 59
Nestte's Food, 59
Patch's Powdered Sugar of
Milk, 60
Invert Sugar, 164
Illinois Canning Co., 68
Ivins' Sons, 29
Jad Brand Salts, 136
Jad Salts Co., 136
Jams, 159, 160, 161
Jaques Mfg. Co., 4
Jefferson Pickle Co., 161
Jellies, 159, 160, 161, 162
Jello Lemon, 110
Jennings Company, 200
Jergens, Andrew Co., 212
Jireh Diabetic Food Co., 29, 76,
84, 93
Johann Hoff's Malt Extract, 23
Johnson, B. J. Soap Co., 181,
190, 212
Johnson Educator Food Co., 29,
84
238
INDEX
Johnson & Johnson, 213
Johnston, (Milwaukee), 37
Jones Dairy Farm, 148, 157
Junket tablets, 110
Karo, 170
Ketchup, Curtice Brother's,
100
Olney Canning Co.'s, 103
Keeler, Charles C., 182
Kellogg Food Co., 15
Toasted Corn Flake Co., 76
Kewpie Kandies, 38
Kidd, Mrs. E. G., 161
Kidney Beans, canned, 68
Kimball, Lucile, 136
Kimball & Marxsen Rice Pro-
ducts Co., 89
Kinox, 137
Kinox Company, 137
Kippered Herring, Davis's, 124
Kirk, James S. Co., 206, 213
Klein's (Budapest), 213
Kneipp Malt Food Co., 15
Knorr, C. H., 63
Knox, Charles B. Co., Ill
Knox-Crutchfield, 85
Koenig & Schuster, 68, 129
Kohler, Peter Cailler, Swiss
Chocolates Co., 8
Kolynos Co., 221
Kornol, 132
Kosmeo, 181
Lambert Pharmacal Co., 137
Lamb's Tongues, Derby Brand,
150
Landshut, Karl, 137
Lanman & Kemp, 200
Lanning, Wm. & Son, 47
Lard, Armour's "Simon Pure,"
147
Forest Home Farm, 147
Jones Dairy Farm, 148
Silver-Leaf Brand, 148
Lavona (Hair Tonic), 191
Lavoris Chemical Co., 221
Lavox Co., The, 190
Laxative Bromo-Quinine, 135
Lazell, 200
Lea & Perrins, 101
Leggett, Francis H. & Co., 47,
68, 89, 161, 170
Lehn & Fink, 137, 205, 221
Lemon Extract, 116, 117, 118,
119, 120, 121
Lemos, Brooke's 21
Lemon Soda, 24
Snaps, 32
Lentils, canned, 69
Leslie-Durham & Co., 171
Lever Brothers Co., 213
Levering Coffee Co., 15
Levy, Ben. Co., 205
Libby, McNeill & Libby, 47, 58,
64, 68, 101, 151, 155, 160
Liebig*s Extract of Meat Co.,
64
Lilly, Eli & Co., 213
Lima Beans, canned, 66, 68, 70
Lime-Fruit Juice, Montserrat,
23
Lime Juice, Rose's Pure West
Indian, 25
Lipton, 18, 111
Liss, George & Co., 68, 124
INDEX
39
Listerine, 137
Lockyer & Co., 15
Logan Berries, Del Monte
Brand ; 45
Loose-Wiles Biscuit Co., 30, 37
Lord Brothers Co., 124
Louisenbad Reduction Salt, 137
Love, J. S., 171
Lowney, Walter M. Co., 8, 37
Luden, W. H., 137
Lustr-ite Nail Enamel, 196
Luxor Bath Powder, 194
Tooth Paste, 219
Lyon, I. W. & Sons, 221
Lyon Mfg. Co., 182
Lysol, 137
McConnick & Co., 118
M c F a d d e n-Wiess-Kyle Rice
Milling Co., 89
Mcllhenny Co., 68
Mcllhenny, E., 101
McKesson & Robbins, 222
McMechen Preserving Co., 102
McMenamin & Co., 124
McMonagle & Rogers, 119
Macaroni, food qualities, 91
Freihofer's Egg, 93
Fould's, 93
Golden Egg Brand, 93
Jireh's, 93
Woodcock's 94
Yours Truly, 94
Mackerel, Davis's, 124
Madame Yale's Ski Food, 17s
Maillard, Henry, 8
MaillarcU, 37
Manufacturing Co. of America,
37
Maple Syrup, Leslie's, 171
Log Cabin, 172
mixtures, 167
Pride of the Ad-i-ron-
dacks, 169
Vermont, 172
Vermont Maple Sap, 171
Mapl-Flake, 76
Marietta Stanley Co., 182
Marinello Company, 206
Marmalade, 160, 161, 162
Marshmallow Whip, Whit-
man's 112
Marshmallows, Angelus, 39
Heide's, 36
Martindale, Thomas & Co., 138
Marzahl, W., 102
Malt Extract, Johann Hoff's,
23
Wyeth's Liquid, 25
Malt Nutrine, 21
Malted Beef, Thompson's, 55
Milk, A. D. S., 55
Borden's, 57
Horlick's, 58
Thompson's, 55
Maspero, C., Inc., 155
Maul Brothers, 94
Mayer, Alfred, 37
Mead, Johnson & Co., 68
Meat, Potted, Libby, McNeil?
& Libby's, 151
Meats, dried, adulterant* in,
149
Medical Formula Co., 138
Mellin's Food Co., 69
240
INDEX
Mennen, Gerhard Chemical Co.,
206, 222
Menthol Cough Drops, 137
Mentholated Vaseline, 133
Mentholatum, 138
Mentholatum Company, 138
MentonS Co., The, 155
Merck & Co., 15, 138
Merrell Soule Co., 59, 111
Middendorf & Rohrs, 68
Milk, Condensed, Aurora, 56
Gail Borden Eagle Brand,
56
Carnation Brand, 60
Swiss, 56
Hires, 58
Libby, McNeill & Libby's,
58
Sweet Clover Brand, 59
Chocolate, Borden's, 36
Evaporated, Borden's Peer-
less, 57
Danish Prize, 57
Our Pet Brand, 57
Swiss, 56
Van Camp's, 60
Malted, A. D. S., 55
Borden's, 57
Horlick's, 58
Thompson's, 55
official standard, 52
substitute, Klim, 59
Mince Meat, Gold Medal, 110
None Such, 111
Mints, U-All-No, 37
Wadsworth's, 39
Minute Tapicoa Co., Ill
Mohawk Condensed Milk Co.,
59
Valley Cider Co., 102
Molasses, 170, 171
and syrups, 165
Moller, Peter, 138
Montserrat Lime-Fruit Juice,
23
Moras, Dr. E. R., 139
Morehouse Mills, 102, 148, 162
Morgan's, Enoch, Sons Co., 213
Morris & Co., 148
Moxie Co., 24
Mueller, C. F. Co., 94
Mtihlens & Kropff, 195, 214
Mum (Deodorant), 195
Mum Mfg. Co., 195
Murray, Joseph T., 196
Mushrooms, canned, 66
Mustard, 98, 102, 105
Muster ole, 139
Company, 139
Nabisco, 32
Napoleon Pharmacal Co., 206
National Biscuit Co., 31
Candy Co., 38
Canner's Association, 43
Oats Co., 76
Onion Salt Co., 102
Pure Food Co., 65
Starch Co., Ill
Native Herbs, 132
Nesnah Desserts, 110
Nestl, Henri, 59
New England Confectionery
Co., 38
Maple Syrup Co., 102, 171
INDEX
New Skin, 140
Company, 140
Nikola Bathing Compound and
Weight Keducer, 140
Chemical Co., 140
North Maine Packing Co., 69
Northern Light Milling Co., 85
N o r t hwestern Consolidated
Milling Co., 85
Nugatines, Huyler's, 36
Lowney's, 37
Park & Tilford's, 38
Numsen, Win. & Sons, 69
Nunnally (Atlantic, Ga.), 38
Nut Cream Butter, Carque's,
147
Nutmeg Flavor, 119
0. T. Limited, 24
Oakland Chemical Co., 140
Obesity Remedy, 136
Odor-0-No, 196
Odorono Co., 196
Okra, canned, 68
Oleomargarine, 145
Baby Brand, 147
Marigold, 148
Swift's Jersey Brand, 148
Swift's Premium Brand, 148
Olive Oil, adulterants in, 154,
153
Grapes, 135
Olive Oils, 154, 155, 156
California Ehman, 161
Carque's California, 127
Queen, 161
Olney, Burt, Packing Co., 69,
103, 163
Olmsted, Allen S., 140
Ongoline, 196
Onion Extract, 116, 119
Salt, 99, 102
Orange Ade, 23
Extract, 116, 118, 119
Ovite, 111
Ovite Mfg. Co., Ill
Pacific Coast Condensed Milk
Co., 60
Packer Mfg. Co., 214
Pakatin-Biscuit, 30
Palisade Manufacturing Co.,
103
Pamunkey Mills Old Virginia
Cornmeal, 85
Panama Banana Fruit Co., 16
Pancake Flour, Aunt Jemima's
Brand, 82
Pancake Flour, Teco Brand, 82
Paris Medicine Co., 135
Park & Tilford, 38, 171
Parker's Hair Balsam, 189
Patch, The E. L. Co., 60
Pate* de Foies Gras, 150
Peabody, Henry W., 125
Peach Flavor, 117, 119
Peaches, Del Monte Brand, 45
evaporated, 127, 128
Hunt Brothers, 46
Libby, McNeill & Libby's, 47
Siegel Cooper's Fountain
Brand, 47
Peanut Butters, 146
Beechnut Brand, 147
Heinz's, 148
Mrs. Morehouse's, 148
INDEX
Peanut Butters, Nut-Let, 147
Yours Truly, 148
Pears, A. F., Ltd., 214
Del Monte Brand, 46
evaporated, 128
Hunt Brothers, 46
Libby, McNeill & Libby's, 47
Silver Lake Brand, 47
Troubadour Brand, 46
Peas, canned, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70
Periick & Ford, 171
Pepper, 99, 104
Pepper, Dr. Co., 24
Peppermint Essence, 119, 121
Peredixo Cream, 177
Perfumes, 199, 200, 201
Peter Cailler Kohler Swiss
Chocolates Co., 8, 38
Peterson, H. S. & Co., 190
Phillips, Charles H., Chemical
Co., 8
Phillips Packing Co., 69
Philo Hay Specialties Co., 190
Pickles, 161
Pierce, S. S. Co., 25
Pike's Universal Toothache
Drops, 133
Pillsbury Flour Mills Co., 85
Pinaud, Ed., 190, 200
Pineapple, Del Monte Brand,
45
extract, 116, 117, 119
Hawaiian Sliced, Paradise
Island Brand, 46
Libby, McNeill & Libby's,
47
Siegel Cooper's Fountain
Brand, 47
Pineapple Juice, Dole's Pure
Hawaiian, 23
Pistachio Flavor, 116, 117
Pitkin, J. M. & Co., 120
Plexo Preparations, Inc., 183,
206
Plum Pudding, Heinz, 110
Del Monte Brand, 46
Troubadour Brand, 46
Plymouth Rock Gelatin Co.,
112
Pompeian Company, 156
Mfg. Co., 183
Massage Cream, 183
Pond, E. K. Packing Co., 151
Pond's Extract, 140
Pond's Extract Co., 140 2 183
Pork and Beans, canned, 67, 68,
70, 71
Porto Rico Trading Co., Inc.,
16
Post Toasties, 76
Postum Cereal Co., 16, 76
Potter Drug & Chemical Co.,
141, 214
Potter & Wrightington, 16, 86
Poultry Seasoning, 98, 99
Powell's (New York), 38
Pozzoni, J. A. Pharmacal Co.,
206
Pozzoni's Gold Puff Box, 206
Pratt-Low Preserving Co., 162
Pray, Dr. J. Parker, 183, 196,
206
Premium Fruit Flavors, 119
Preserves, 159, 160, 161, 162
adulterants in, 157
Price Baking Powder Co., 4
INDEX
243
Price Flavoring Extract Co.,
120
Priscilla Parsons Perspiration
Prevent at ive, 194
Pritchard, E., 103
Proctor & Gamble Co., 149, 214
Pumpkin, canned, 69
Pura Mfg. Co., 184, 207
Pure Gluten Food Co., 141
Pure Wheat Products, 83
Purina Mills, 85
Puritan Fruit Products Co., 25
Pyro Chemical Co., 222
Pyrodentor, 222
Quaker Oats Co., 77
Puffed Rice, 77
Puffed Wheat, 77
Quimby, W. S. Co., 16, 18
Rabb, Charles, 103
Rae, S. & Co., 156
Raisins, Berry Brand, 128
Blue Ribbon Brand, 128
Cresca, 128
Del Monte Brand, 127
Golden West Brand, 128
Ideal "Not-a-Seed," 127
Princess Brand, 129
Royal Scarlet, 129
White Rose California, 129
Ralston Purina Co., 77
Raspberries, Williamson Brand,
46
Raspberry Extract, llfy 117
Raw Food, Tyler's, 78
Remmers, 214
Remmers, B. & Sons, 32
Resinol Soap Co., 215
Rex Wrinkle Pencil, 184
Rexall Tooth Powder, 223
Rice, Apex Brand, 89
Carque's Natural Whole, 89
Comet Brand, 90
Hotel Astor, 89
Leggett's Natural Brown, 89
White Swan Granulated, 89
Rich, E. C., 112
Richardson & Robbins, 65, 151
Ricinol Grape, 135
Rieger, the California Per-
fumer, 200
Ritter Conserve Co., 103
Robertson Preserve Co., The
James, 162
Roessler & Hasslacher Chemical
Co., 215
Roger & Gallet, 200, 215
Roman Meal, 85
Meal Co., 85
Rosaline, 197
Rose Flavor, 118, 119, 120, 121
L. & Co., 25
Petal Wrinkle Cream Co.,
184
Ross, W. A. & Sons, Ltd., 25
Royal Baking Powder, 4
Lunch, 32
Mfg. Co., 184
Olvules, 138
Specialty Co., 65
Tooth Powder, 219
Rueckheim Bros. & Eckstein, 39
Rumford Chemical Works, 4
Rusks, Holland, 29
Jireh Diatetic, 29
INDEX
Russell-Miller Co., 86
Salad Dressings, adulterants
in, 96
Durkee's, 100
Mrs. Morehouse's Cream
Brand, 102
My Wife's, 100
Yacht Club, 105
Yours Truly, 105
Salada Tea Co., 18
Saleratus, Slade's, 4
Salmon, Highwood Brand, 124
Red Heart Brand, 124
Royal Scarlet, 125
Salt, Ivory Shaker, 105
Shaker Table, 100
Saltine Biscuits, 32
Sain Katz Company, 141
Oxygen Treatment for Ca-
tarrh, 141
Sands, Taylor & Wood Co., 86
Sandwich, cheese, 31
Sanitol Chemical Laboratory
Co., 223
Sardines, California, 123
Emery & Co.'s deviled, 124
Salome Brand, 123
Skipper, 125
Sargol, 142
Sargol Company, 142
Sarsaparilla, Hywaco, 24
Tally-Ho, 25
Sartoin, 175
Sauer, C. F. Co., 120
Sauer Kraut, canned, 68
Sausage, Forest Home Farm,
150
Sausage, Frank & Son's, 150
Grand View Farm Produce
Co.'s, 150
Jones Dairy Farm, 151
Schieffelin & Co., 65, 138
Schrafft's (New York), 39
Schuyler, A. C., 25
Scrapple, Forest Home Farm,
150
Sea Beach Packing Works, 125
Seaboard Rice Milling Co., 77,
90
Seaman Brothers, 69, 77, 129
Seele-Thompson Co., 190
Sel Amaigrissant, 133
"Sempre Giovine," 182
Shac (Headache Cure), 143
Shampoo, A. D. S. Liquid, 188
Canthrox, 190
Gille's Spun Gold, 189
Johnson's Palm-Olive, 190
Lavox, 190
Swedish Hair Powder, 192
Ward's Dandru-Cide, 192
Powders, adulterants in, 187
Shane Brothers & Wilson Co.,
86
Sheboygan Mineral Water Co.,
25
Sheffield Dentrifice Co., 223
Shredded Wheat Co., 77
Shrimp, Davis's, 124
Siegel Cooper Co., 47, 69, 87
Sills, John S. & Sons, 70
Simon, J., 184
Skin Food, 180
Smith, Kline & French, 60
Snider, T. A., Preserve! Co., 105
INDEX
245
Slade, D. & L., Co., 4, 104, 121
Soap, A. D. S. Improved Foot,
210
A. D. S. Kurakutic, 210
Cashmere Bouquet, 211
Colgate's Heliotrope, 211
Cuticura, 214
Fairy, 211
Glenn's Sulphur, 211
Hand Sapolio, 213
Hind's Honey and Almond
Cream, 212
Hudnut's Violet Sec, 212
Ivory, 214
Jap-Rose^ 213
Jergen's Violet Glycerine,
212
Johnson's Palm Olive, 212
Klein's Glycerin, 213
Lifebuoy Health, 213
Lilly's Liquid, 213
Olivilo, 215
Packer's Tar, 214
Pears, 214
Peroxide Zinc, 215
Remmer's Peroxide, 2H
Resinol, 215
Savon de Toilette Luxor, 211
Savon Violette, 215
Synol, 213
White Rose Glycerin, 214
Woodbury's Facial, 212
Zap, 211
Soaps, cleansing power, 209
Soft drinks, impurities of, 19
Soups, Condensed, Richardson
& Robbin's, 65
Campbell's, 62
Soups, Franco-American, 63
Knorr's, 63
Libby, McNeill & Libby's,
64
Puro Brands, 65
Yours Truly, 63
Southern California Fish Co.,
125
Cotton Oil Co., 156
Southwestern Milling Co., 87
Sozodont Tooth Paste, 220
Spaghetti, Faust Brand, 94
Fould's, 93
food qualities, 91
Heinz canned, 93
Mueller's, 94
Van Camp's canned, 94
Yours Truly, 94
Spencer Kellogg & Sons, 143
Spices, 98
Colburn's, 98, 99
Fischer & Co.'s, 100
Slade's, 104
Stickney & Poor's, 105
Yours Truly, 105
Spinach, canned, 66, 67, 68, 69,
70
Sponge Lady Fingers, 32
Sprague, Warner & Co., 16
Stafford-Miller Co., 208
Standard Bottling & Extract
Co., 25
Stearns, Frederick & Co., 143
Steero Bouillon Cubes, 65
Stenzie, 197
Stenzie Mfg. Co., 197
Sterizol, (Antiseptic), 143
Sterizol Sales Co., 143
246
INDEX
Stickney & Poor Spice Co., 105,
121
Stillman's Freckle Cream Co.,
185
Stollwerck Brothers, Inc., 9
Strawberries, Boyle's Victory
Brand, 45
Strawberry Extract, 116, 117,
120
Stromeyer, J. & Co., 172
Succotash, eanned, 67, 69
Suchard (Switzerland), 39
Sugar, cane and beet, 163
Crystal Domino, 169
invert, 164
Sulpho-Napthol, 143
Sulpho-Napthol Co., 143
Sunshine Biscuit, Wafers, etc.,
30, 31
Swans Down Cracked Wheat,
84
Swedish Hair Powder, 191
Swift & Co., 148, 152
Syrup, Crystal Domino, 169
Park & Tilford's Amber, 171
Penn Mar Brand, 172
Velva Brand, 171
Syrups, adulterants in, 167
and molasses, 165
Tabasco Pepper Sauce, Gai-
dry*s, 100
Mcllhenny's, 101
Takoma Biscuit, 31
Tapioca, Instantaneous, 109
Minute, 111
New .Process Hasty, 109
Tea, Dalmoy Blend* 17
Tea, Golden Dome Orange Pe-
koe, 18
Hotel Astor, 17
House of Lords Ceylon, 17
Juno Mate Paraguayan, 17
Lipton's, 18
London Blend Brand, 17
Magic Cup Soluble, 17
"My Own" Blend, 18
Royal Stag, 17
Salada, 18
Sa-Sa-Ma Brand, 17
Standard HE-NO, 17
Tetley's, 18
White House Brand Orange
Pekoe, 17
Yours Truly, 18
Teco Brand Buckwheat and
other Flours, 83
Tetley, Joseph & Co., 18
Tetlow, Henry, 207
Theobromin in chocolate, 5
Tildesley & Co., 105
Hz, 134
Toilet Water, 200, 201
To-Kalon Mfg. Co., Inc., 185,
191
Tomatoes, canned, 66, 67, 68,
70
Tongue, Red Cross Brand, 151
Tonic, "O. T.," 24
Tooth Paste, A. D. S. Peredixo,
219
Colgate's Ribbon Dental
Cream, 220
Kolynos, 220
Lavoris, 221
Luxor, 219
INDEX
Tooth Paste, Mennen's Cream
Dentifrice, 222
Pebeco, 221
Pyrodento, 223
Sanitol, 223
Sheffield's, 223
Sozodont, 220
Powder, A. D. S. Peroxide, 219
Calox, 222
Dentacura, 220
Lyon's Perfect, 221
misleading claims for, 216-
218
Kexall, 223
Royal, 219
Toilet Powder, A. D. S. Majes-
tic Lilac Talc, 203
Armour's, 203
Carmen Complexion, 207
Casma Talcum, 201
Colgate's Violet Talcum,
204
De Pray's Hy-Gen-ia, 206
Elcaya Rice Powder, 204
Freeman's Medicated, 204
Geisha, 208
Gille's, 204
Heyer's Prickly Heat Pow-
der, 205
Hudnut's Violet Sec, 205
Hymettus Rose-Violet, 207
Jap-Rose Talcum, 205
Kutch Sandalwood, 208
La Blanche, 207
Marinello, 206
Mennen's, 206
Napoleon Lilac Aseptic,
206
Toilet Powder, Oriental Wis-
taria Talcum, 205
Plexo Evening White, 206
Pozzoni's Gold Puff Box,
206
Priscilla Parsons Face
Powder, 203
Riveris Talcum, 205
Royal Violet, 203
San Toy Taloum, 208
Tetlow's Superb Gossamer,
207
Vogue Liquid Complexion,
208
Vogue Poudre de Riz, 208
Williams Violet Talcum,
208
Wistaria Blossom Talc, 208
Toothache Drops, Pike's Uni-
versal, 133
Tournade's Kitchen Bouquet,
103
Towle Maple Products Co., 172
Troubadour Brand Canned
Fruits, 46
Tryphosa, 112
Tuna, Avalon Brand, 125
Blue Sea, 125
Twitchell-Champlin Co., 70
Tyler, Byron, 78
Uncle Sam Breakfast Food Co.,
78
Health Food, 78
Underwood, W. M. Co., 152
Uneeda Biscuits, 32
United Berne Zurich Choeolat
Mfg. Co., 3d
248
INDEX
United Cereal Mills, Ltd.,
78
Drug Co., 223
Vagt, R., 172
Van Buskirk's Sozodont Tooth
Paste, 220
Van Houten & Sons (Holland),
9
Van Camp Packing Co., 60, 70,
94
Van-Ola, 183
Van-Thomas Co., 125
Vanilla Extract, 116, 117, 119,
120, 121
Vanillin, definition of, 114
Vantine, A. A. & Co., 200, 208
Vaseline, 132, 133
Veal Loaf, Libby, McNeill &
Libby's, 151
Vegetable extract, Vegex, 62
Vermont Maple Sugar Maker's
Market, 172
Vibert, F., 191
Victoria Tea Co., 18
Vienna Sugar Fingers, 31
Vieno Bran, 82
Vieno-Self-Raising Bran Meal,
82
Vinegar, Crosse & Blackwell's,
100
Heinz's, 101
Marzahl's, 102
Mohawk Valley Cider Co/s,
102
Pinard Brand, 99
Wayne County Produce Co.'a,
105
Vinegars, adulterants in, 97
Vogue Perfumery Co., 201, 208
Wadsworth Chocolate Co., 39
Wafers, Chocolate, 31
Educator, 30
Epic, 31
Ivins' Bonnie, 29
Ivins' Lunch-on-Thin, 29
Sunshine Dessert, 31
Sunshine Tan San, 31
Vanilla, 32
Wakelee's Camelline, 180
Waideyer & Betts, 192
Warden Company, 192
Ward's Dandru-Cide Shampoo,
191
Washburn-Crosby Co., 87
Washington Crisps, 78
Watson, Angus & Co., 125
Wayne County Produce Co.,
105
Webster, Fred L., 70
Weight, net, of canned goods,
42
Welch Brothers Maple Co., 172
Grape Juice Co., 25
Wesson Snowdrift Oil, 156
West Disinfecting Co., 144
Wheatena Company, 78
White, John F., 70
Whitman, Stephen F. & Son, 9,
40, 112
Wilbur, H. 0. & Sons, 40
Wildroot Chemical Co., 192
Williams, J. B. Co., 208
Williams; R. C. & Co., 70, 125,
129
INDEX 249
Wincarni's, 22 Wrisley, Allen B. Co., 201, 208,
Wintergreen essence, 117, 120 215
Woodbury's Facial Soap, 212 Wulfing, A. & Co., 131
Woodcock Macaroni Co., 94 Wyeth, John & Bro., 25
Wool Heal, 144
Woolheal Chemical Co., 144 Yeast, Corby Brothers', 3
Worcester Salt Co., 105 Fleischmann's, 3
Worcestershire Sauce, Hoi- Yours Truly Co., 9, 18, 71, 78,
brook's, 101 94, 105, 121, 148
Lea & Perrins', 101
Wrinkle Eradicate^ 194 Zu-Zu Ginger Snaps, 32
VAIL-BALLOU CO., BINGHAMTON AND NEW YORK
THIS BOOK IS DUE ON THE LAST DATE
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WILL BE ASSESSED FOR FAILURE TO RETURN
THIS BOOK ON THE DATE DUE. THE PENALTY
WILL INCREASE TO SO CENTS ON THE FOURTH
DAY AND TO $1.OO ON THE SEVENTH DAY
OVERDUE.
MAR 27 1934
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY
