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MEDICAL  LEXICON- 


DICTIONARY 


MEDICAL   SCIENCE, 


CONTAINING 


A  CONCISE  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  VARIOUS  SUBJECTS  AND  TERMS; 

WITH  THE 

FRENCH  AND  OTHER  SYNONYMES; 

NOTICES   OF   CLIMATE,  AND  OF  CELEBRATED  MINERAL  WATERS; 

FORMULAE  FOR  VARIOUS  OFFICINAL  AND  EMPIRICAL 

PREPARATIONS,  ETC. 


ROBLEY  DUNGLISON,  M.  D. 

PROFESSOR  OF  THE  INSTITUTES  OF   MEDICINE,  ETC.   IN   JEFFERSON  MEDICAL  COLLEGE,  PHILADELPHIA. 

SIXTH  EDITION". 

REVISED    AND    GREATLY    ENLARGED. 


PHILADELPHIA: 
LEA    AND    B  L  A  N  C  II  A  R  D. 

184G. 


w 

IS46 


3SntercD  according  to  the  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1839, 

BY    ROBLEY   DcNGLISON, 

In  the  Clerk's  Office  of  the  District  Court  of  the  Eastern  District  of  Pennsylvania. 


Wm.  S.  Young,  Printer. 


ROBERT   M.  PATTERSON,  M.  D., 

DIRECTOR   OF  THE   MINT   OF  THE   UNITED    STATES;    VICE-PRESIDENT   OF  THE   AMERICAN   PHILOSOPHICAL   SOCIETY  J 
LATE   PROFESSOR   OF  NATURAL  PHILOSOPHY   IN  THE  UNIVERSITY   OF   VIROINIA  |    ETC.  ETC. 

My  dear  Doctor, 

When  I  dedicated  the  first  edition  of  this  work  to  you,  we  were  colleagues 
in  the  University  of  Virginia.  Since  that  period,  we  have  been  placed  in 
various  relations  with  regard  to  each  other;  and  in  all  you  have  maintained 
those  sterling  qualities  which  led  me  at  the  time  to  inscribe  it  to  you. 
Need  I  add,  that  I  embrace  with  eagerness  the  opportunity  a  sixth  time  af- 
forded me  of  manifesting  to  you  the  regard  and  esteem  with  which  I  am 

Faithfully  Yours, 

ROBLEY  DUNGLISON. 


PREFACE 

TO    THE    SIXTH    EDITION 


It  is  not  necessary  for  the  author  to  say  more,  as  a  preface  to 
this  sixth  edition  of  his  dictionary,  than  that  he  has  bestowed  the 
same  care  on  its  revision  and  improvement,  which  he  did  on  the 
others.  In  proof  of  this,  he  may  remark,  that  the  present  edi- 
tion comprises  nearly  two  thousand  five  hundred  subjects  and  terms 
not  contained  in  the  last.  Many  of  these  have  been  introduced 
into  medical  terminology  in  consequence  of  the  progress  of  the 
science;  and  others  had  escaped  him  in  previous  revisions. 

It  is  the  author's  anxious  wish  to  render  the  work  a  satisfactory 
and  desirable — if  not  indispensable — Lexicon,  in  which  the  student 
may  search  without  disappointment  for  every  term  that  has  been 
legitimated  in  the  nomenclature  of  the  science.  This  desidera- 
turn  he  is  enabled  to  attempt  in  successive  editions,  by  reason  of 
the  work  not  being  stereotyped ;  and  the  present  edition  certainly 
offers  stronger  claims  to  the  attention  of  the  practitioner  and  stu- 
dent than  any  of  its  predecessors. 

It  is  but  an  act  of  justice  to  add,  that  for  the  general  typogra- 
phical accuracy  of  the  work,  the  author  is  greatly  indebted  to  the 
assiduity  bestowed  on  his  department  by  Mr.  Young,  who  printed 
also  the  three  preceding  editions. 

ROBLEY  DUNGLISON. 

Philadelphia,  109  South  Tenth  Steeet,   ) 
May,1846.  5 


PREFACE 

TO    THE    SECOND    EDITION 


The  present  undertaking  was  suggested  by  the  frequent  complaints,  made 
by  the  author's  pupils,  that  they  were  unable  to  meet  with  information  on 
numerous  topics  of  professional  inquiry, — especially  of  recent  introduction, — 
in  the  medical  dictionaries  accessible  to  them. 

It  may,  indeed,  be  correctly  affirmed,  that  we  have  no  dictionary  of  me- 
dical subjects  and  terms  which  can  be  looked  upon  as  adapted  to  the  state  of 
the  science.  In  proof  of  this,  the  author  need  but  remark,  that  he  has  found 
occasion  to  add  several  thousand  medical  terms,  which  are  not  to  be  met  with 
in  the  only  medical  lexicon  at  this  time  in  circulation  in  the  country. 

The  present  edition  will  be  found  to  contain  many  hundred  terms  more 
than  the  first,  and  to  have  experienced  numerous  additions  and  modifications. 

The  author's  object  has  not  been  to  make  the  work  a  mere  lexicon  or  dic- 
tionary of  terms,  but  to  afford,  under  each,  a  condensed  view  of  its  various 
medical  relations,  and  thus  to  render  the  work  an  epitome  of  the  existing 
condition  of  medical  science.  In  its  preparation,  he  has  freely  availed  him- 
self of  the  English,  French,  and  German  works  of  the  same  nature,  and  has 
endeavoured  to  add  every  subject  and  term  of  recent  introduction,  which 
has  fallen  under  his  notice;  yet,  with  all  his  care,  it  will  doubtless  be  found 
that  subjects  have  been  omitted.  The  numerous  additions,  however,  which 
he  has  made,  and  his  strong  desire  to  be  useful,  "by  removing  rubbish  and 
clearing  obstructions  from  the  paths  through  which  learning  and  genius  press 
forward  to  conquest  and  glory,"  will,  he  trusts,  extenuate  these  and  other 
objections  that  might  be  urged  against  the  work;  especially  when  the  toil, 
which  every  compiler  of  a  dictionary  must  endure,  is  taken  into  considera- 
tion; a  toil  which  has  been  so  forcibly  depicted  by  the  great  English  Lexi- 
cographer, as  well  as  by  the  distinguished  Scaliger: 

"  Si  quelqu'un  a  commis  quelque  crime  odicux, 
S'il  a  tuo  son  pere,  ou  blaspheme  les  Dieux, 
Qu'il  fasse  un  Lexicon:  s'il  est  supplice  au  montle 
Qui  le  punissc  mieux,  je  veux  que  Ton  me  tonde." 


EXPLANATION. 


If  the  simple  synonymy  of  any  term  be  needed,  a  mere  reference  to  the 
term  may  be  sufficient;  but  if  farther  information  be  desired,  it  may  be  ob- 
tained in  the  body  of  the  work,  under  the  term  referred  to.  For  example, 
the  French  word  Tronc  is  said  to  be  synonymous  with  Trunk.  This  may 
be  sufficient:  should  it  not,  the  requisite  information  may  be  found  by  turn- 
ing to  Trunk. 


ABBREVIATIONS,  ETC.  ARBITRARILY  EMPLOYED. 


Arab. 

Arabic. 

Ch. 

Chaussier. 

D. 

Dutch. 

Da. 

Danish. 

E. 

English. 

F. 

French. 

F.  or  Fah. 

Fahrenheit. 

G. 

German. 

Heb. 

Hebrew. 

I. 

Italian. 

L. 

Latin. 

Linn. 

Linnaeus. 

P. 

Portuguese. 

Ph.  D. 

Pharmacopoeia  of  Dublin. 

Ph.  E. 

Do. 

of  Edinburgh 

Ph.  L. 

Do. 

of  London. 

Ph.  P. 

Do. 

of  Paris. 

Ph.  U.  S. 

Do. 

of  America, 
(Edit.  1842. 

R. 

Reaumur. 

S. 

Spanish. 

S.  G. 

Specific  Gravity. 

Sax. 

Anglo-Saxon. 

Sw. 

Swedish. 

NEW    DICTIONARY 


MEDICAL   SCIENCE. 


A,  before  a  consonant;  An  before  a  vowel,  a, 
ar,  have,  in  the  compound  medical  terms,  a 
privative  or  debasing  signification,  like  that  of 
the  particles  in,  im,  an,  irt  in  English.  Thus: 
Slkeni'a  means  strength.  Asthcni'a,  want  of 
strength.  Anaemia,  want  of  blood,  &c.  Occa- 
sionally, in  compound  words,  thejr  have  an  in- 
tensive meaning. 

AACHEN,  Aix-la  Chapelle. 

A,  or  a  a.     See  Abbreviation. 

AARZHIL,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  A. 
is  in  the  canton  of  Berne  in  Switzerland.  The 
chief  spring  contains  chlorides  of  calcium  and 
sodium,  sulphates  of  lime  and  soda,  oxyd  of  iron, 
and  sulphohydric  acid  gas. 

ABACH,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  A  hydro- 
sulphuretled  saline  spring,  not  far  fromRatisbon 
or  Recrontsberg  in  Bavaria. 

ABAISSEMEJYT,  Depression:  see  Cataract 
— a.  i!e  la  Matrice,  Prolapsus  uteri. 

ABAMSEUll  DE  L'AILE  DU  KEZ,  De- 
pressor alas  nasi — a.  de  Vangle  des  levres,  De- 
pressor angnli  oris — a.  de  la  levre  infcrieure, 
Depressor  labii  inferioris — a.  de  la  Machoire  in- 
fcrieure, Digastricus — a.  de  Cecil,  Rectus  inferior 
oculi. 

ABA  LIEN A'TUS.  Corrup'lus.  Corrupted, 
from  ab,  and  alienus,  'different.'  Membra  aba- 
liena'la.  Limbs  dead,  or  benumbed. — Cclsus, 
Scribonius  Largus. 

ABANGA.  Name  given  by  the  inhabitants 
of  St.  Thomas  to  the  fruit  of  a  palm  tree,  the 
seeds  of  which  they  consider  very  useful  in 
diseases  of  the  chest,  in  the  dose  of  three  or 
four,  oiven  two  or  three  limes  a  day 

ABABTIST'A.  Abaptislon,  from  a  privative, 
and  fianritw,  'to  plunge.'  A  term  applied  to 
the  old  trepan,  the  conical  shape  of  which 
prevented  it  from  plunging  suddenly  inio  the 
cavil  y  of  I  he  cranium. 

ABAREMO-TEMO.  A  Brazilian  tree,  which 
grows  in  the  mountains,  and  appears  to  be  a 
mimosa.  1'iso  relates  that  the  decoction  of  its 
bark,  which  is  bitter  and  astringent,  was  ap- 
plied, in  that  country,  to  ulcers  of  a  bad  cha- 
racter. 

ABAKNAIJAS.  M-urn^a 

A B. 7 T.I I! DfSSE MEJtT,  Dege neration. 

ABARTICULA'TIO,  Diarthrosis  and  Synar- 
throsis. 

A  HA  TTEMEXT.  Prostration. 

ABATTliS,  Giblets. 
2 


ABBREVIATION 

ABBECOURT,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
A  chalybeate  spring,  six  leagues  from  Paris, 
and  one  from  Poissy.  It  was  once  much  fre- 
quented, but  is  now  abandoned. 

ABBEVILLE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
An  acidulous  chalybeate  at  Abbeville,  in  the 
department  of  Somme,  France. 

ABBREVIATION,  Abbrevia'tio,  Brachyn'sis, 
Brachys'mos,  Mbrevi.atu'ra.  (F.)  Abriviation, 
from  brevis,  'short.'  Abbreviations  are  chiefly 
used  in  medicinal  formula?.  They  are  by  no 
means  as  frequently  employed  now  as  of  old, 
when  every  article  had  its  appropriate  symbol. 
The  chief  abbreviations  now  adopted  are  the 
following: 

%.  Recipe,  Take. 

A.  aa,  ana,  (ura)  utriusque,  of  each. 
Abdom.  Abdomen. 

Abs.  Febr.  Absenle  febre,  In  the  absence  of 
fever. 

Ad.  or  Add.  Addc  or  addatur. 

Ad.  Lib.  Ad  libitum,  At  pleasure. 

Admov.  Admoveatur,  Let  it  be  applied. 

Altern.hor.  Alternis  Itoris,  Every  other  hour. 

Alv.  Adstiuct.  Alvo  adstricta,  The  bowels 
being  confined   - 

Aq.  Aqua,  Water. 

Aq.  Com.m.  Aqua  communis,  Common  water. 

Aq.  Font.  Aquafontis,  Spring  water. 

Aq.  Bull.  Aqua  bulliens,  Boiling  water. 

Aq.  Ferv.  Aquafervens,  Hot  water. 

Aq.  Marin.  Aqua  marina,  Sea  water. 

B.  A.  Balneum  arcnx,  A  sand-bath. 
Bals.  Balsamum,  Balsam. 

B.  B.  BBDS.  Barbadcnsis,  Barbadoes. 

Bib.  Bibe,  Drink. 

Bis  Ind.  Bis  indies,  Twice  daily. 

B.  M.  Balneum  marine,  A  salt  water  bath. 

Bol.  Bolus. 

Bull.  Bul/ial,  Let  it  boil. 

But.  But y rum,  Butter. 

B.  V.  Balneum  vapor  is,  A  vapour- bath. 
Cjerul.  Cxruleus,  Blue. 

Cap.  Capiat,  Let  him  take. 

C.  C.  Comu  cervi,  Hartshorn. 

C.  C.  U.  Cornu  cervi  ustum,  Burnt  hartshorn 

C.  M.  Cms  inane,  To-morrow  morning. 

Cochl.  Cochleare,  A  spoonful. 

Cochl.  Amit..  Cochleare  amplum,  A  large 
spoonful. 

Cochl.  Inf.  Cochleare  Infantum,  A  child's 
spoonful. 


/ 


ABBREVIATION 


10 


ABBREVIATION 


Cochl.  Mod.  or  Med.  Cochleare  modicum  or 
medium,  A  dessert-spoonful. 

Cochl.  Parv.  Cochleare  parvum,  A  tea- 
spoonful. 

Col.  Cola,  colaturce,  Strain,  and  to  the 
strained. 

Comp.  Compositus,  Compound. 

Conf.  Confectio,  Confection. 

Cons.  Conserva,  Conserve. 

Cont.  Continuetur,  Let  it  be  continued. 

Coq.  Coque,  Boil. 

Cout.  Cortex,  Bark. 

Crast.   Craslinus,  For  to-morrow. 

Cuj.  Cujus,  Of  which. 

Cujusl.  Cvjvslihet,  Of  any. 

Cvath.  Cyathus,  A  glassful. 

Cvath.  Thes,  A  cup  of  tea. 

D.  Dosis,  A  dose. 

D.  et  S.  Detur  el  signetur,  (placed  at  the  end 
of  a  prescription.) 

D.  D.  Detur  ad,  Let  it  be  given  in  or  to. 

D.  D.  Vitr.  Detur  ad  vitrum,  Let  it  be  given 
in  a  glass. 

Deaur.  Pil.  Deaurcntur  pilulx,  Let  the  pills 
be  gilded. 

Deb.  Spiss.  Dcbita  spissitudo,  A  due  con- 
sistence. 

Dec  Decanta,  Pour  off. 

Decub.  Decubitus,  Lying  down,  going  to  bed. 

De  D.  in  D.  De  die  in  diem,  From  day  to  day. 

Dej.  Alv.  Dejectiones  alvi,  Alvine  evacuations. 

Dep.   Depuralus,  Purified. 

Det.   Detur,  Let  it  be  given. 

Dieb.  Altern.  Diebus  altcrnis,  Every  other 
day. 

Dieb.  Tf.rt.  Diebus  tertiis,  Every  third  day. 

Dig.  Digeratur,  Let  it  be  digested. 

Dil.  Dilutus,  Dilute. 

Dim.  Dimidius,  One  half. 

Dist.  Distilla,  Distil. 

Biv.  Divide,  Divide. 

Donec  Alv.  Solut.  Fuer.  Donee  alvus  so- 
lutafuerit,  Until  the  bowels  are  opened. 

Dkach.  Drachma,  A  drachm. 

Ejusd.  Ejusdem,  Of  the  same. 

En  em.  Enema,  A  clyster. 

Exhib.  Exhibentur,  Let  it  be  exhibited. 

Ext.  Super  Alut.  Extende  super  alutam, 
Spread  upon  leather. 

F.  Fiat,  Let  it  be  made. 

F.  Pil.  Fiat  pilula,  Make  into  a  pill. 

F.  Venues,  or  F.  V.  S.  Fiat  venxsectio,  Let 
bleeding  be  performed. 

Ff.b.Dur.  Febre  durante,  The  fever  continuing. 

Fem.  Intfrn.  Femoribus  internis,  To  the  in- 
side of  the  thighs. 

Fist.  Akm  at.  Fistula  armata,  A  bug  and  pipe, 
a  clyster  pipe  and  bladder  fitted  for  use. 

Fl.  Fluidus,  and  Flores,  Fluid,  and  Flowers. 

Frust.  Frustillatim,  In  small  pieces. 

Gel.  Quavis.  GelatinU  quavis,  In  any  kind 
of  jelly. 

G.  G.  G.  Gummi  guttx  Gambix,  Gamboge. 
Gr.  Granum,  A  grain. 

Gtt.   Gutta,  A  drop. 

Gtt.  or  Gutt.  Quibusd.  Gutlis  quibusdam, 
With  some  drops. 

Gum.  Gummi,  Gum. 

Guttat.  Guttatim,  By  drops. 

Hor.  Df.cub.  Horn  decubitus,  At  bed-time. 

Hor.  Interm.  IJoris  intermedins,  At  interme- 
diate hours. 

H.  S.  Hord  somni,  At  bed-time. 


Inf.  Infunde,  Infuse. 

Ind.   Indies,  Daily. 

Inj.  Enem.  Injiciatur  enema,  Let  a  clyster  be 
given. 

In  Pulm.  In  pulmenlo,  In  gruel. 

Jul.  Julepus,  a  julep. 

Lat.  Dol.  Lutcri  dolcnli,  To  the  pained  side. 

Lb.  and  Lib.  Libra,  A  pound  weight. 

Lib.  Llb.  Librce,  Pounds. 

Liq    Liquor. 

JV1.  Misce,  Mix. 

Mac.  Mater  a,  Macerate. 

Man.  Manipulus,  A  handful. 

Man.  Prim.  Mane  primo,  Early  in  the  morn- 
ing. 

Mic.  Pan.  Mica  pani.i,  Crumb  of  bread. 

Min.  Minimum,  The  GUth  part  of  a  drachm, 
by  measure. 

Mitt.  Mitte,  Send. 

Mitt.  Sang.  Mittutur  sanguis,  Let  blood  be 
drawn. 

Mod.  Prescript.  Modo  prxscriplo,  In  the 
manner  directed. 

Mor.  Sol.  More  solito,  In  the  usual  manner. 

Muc.  Mucila go,  Mucilage. 

N.  M.  Nux  moschata,  INutmeg. 

0.  Octarius,  A  pint. 

01.  Oleum,  Oil. 

Ol.  Lini,  S.  1.  Oleum  lini  sine  ignc,  Cold- 
drawn  linseed  oil. 

Omn.  Bid.   Omni  biduo,  Every  two  days. 

Omn.  Bih.   Omni  bihorio,  Every  two  hours. 

Omn.  Hor.  Omni,  hora,  Every  hour. 

Omn.  Man.   Omni  mane,  Every  morning. 

Omn.  Nocte,  Every  ni^ht. 

Omn.  Quadr.  Hor.  Omni  quadrante  horx, 
Every  quarter  of  an  hour. 

O  O.  O.  Oleum  olivx  optimum,  Best  Olive  oil. 

Ov.  Ovum,  An  egg. 

Ox.  Oxymel. 

Oz.   Uncia,  An  ounce. 

P.  Pondere,  by  weight. 

P.  and  Pug.  Pugillus,  a  pugil. 

P.  M.  Partes  aquales,  Equal  parts. 

Part.  Vic.  Partitis  vicibus,  In  divided  doses. 

Peract.  Op.  Emf.t.  Peractd  operalione  emetici, 
The  operation  of  the  emetic  being  over. 

Pil.  Pilula,  A  pill. 

Post  Sing.  Sed.  Liq.  Post  singnlas  sedes  li- 
quidas,  After  every  liquid  evacuation. 

Pot.   Potio,  A  potion. 

P.  P.  Pulvis  patrum,  Jesuits'  bark. 

P.  Rat.  ^Etat.  Pro  lalione  xtatis,  According 
to  Ihe  n<je. 

P   R.  N.  Pro  re  nata,  As  occasion  may  be. 

Pulv.  Pulvis,  A  powder. 

Q  P.  Quantum  placcat,  As  much  as  may 
please. 

Q.  S.  Quantum  sufficiat,  as  much  as  is  suffi- 
cient. 

Quon.  Quorum,  Of  which. 

Q.  V.  Quantum  volueris,  As  much  as  you  wish. 

Rad.  Radix,  Root. 

Ras.  Rnsurx,  Shavings. 

Rect.  Reclificatns,  Rectified. 

Red.  or  Redig  in  Pulv.  Redadus  in  puhe- 
rum,  or  Redigatur  in  pulverum,  Powdered,  or 
Let  it  be  powdered. 

Reg.  Umbil.  Regio  umbilici,  The  umbilical 
region. 

Rf.pet.  Repetatur,  Let  it  be  repeated. 

S.  A.  Secundum  artem,  According  to  art. 

Sem.  Semen,  Seed. 


a  neks 


11 


ABDUCTOR 


Semi-dh.  Semi-drachma,  Half  a  drachm. 

Sxhi-H.  Scmi-horu,  Half  an  hour. 

Serv.   Serva,  Keep,  preserve. 

Sk«q,uih.  Sesquikora,  An  hour  and  a  hnlf. 

Sesunc  Sesuncia,  An  ounce  and  a  half. 

Si  IN  on  Val.  Si  nun  valeat,  If  it  does  not  an- 
swer. 

Si  Op.  Sit.  Si  opus  sit,  If  there  be  need. 

Si  Vik.  Perm.  Si  vires  permittant,  If  the 
strength  will  permit. 

Solv.  Solve,  Dissolve. 

Sp.  and  Spir.  Spiritus,  Spirit. 

Ss.   Semi,  One  half. 

St.  Stet,  Let  it  stand. 

Sub  Fin.  Coct.  Subjinem  coctionis,  Towards 
the  end  of  the  boiling. 

Sum.  Sumat,  Let  him  take;  also,  Summitates, 
The  tops. 

S.  V.  Spiritus  vini,  Spirit  of  wine. 

S-  V.  It.  Spiritus  vini  rectificulus,  Rectified 
spirit  of  wine. 

S.  V.  T.  Spiritus  vini  tenuior,  Proof  spirit  of 
wine. 

Syr.  Syrupus,  Syrup. 

Temp.  Dext.  Tempvri  dtxtro,  To  the  right 
temple. 

T.  O.  Tinctura  opii,  Tincture  of  opium. 

Tr.,  TJi  and  Tisct.  Tinctura,  Tincture. 

Trit.   Tritura,  Triturate. 

V.  O.  S.  or  Vrr.  Ov.  Sor..  Vitello  ovi  solutus, 
Dissolved  in  the  yelk  of  an  egg. 

Z.  Z.  anciently  myrrh:  now  zinziber,  or  gin- 
ger. 

lb,  Libra,  a  pound. 

,5,  Uncia,  An  ounce. 

,sj,  Drachma,  A  drachm. 

►)>  Scmpulum,  A  scruple. 

11)/ ,  Minimum,  a  minim. 

ss,  Scmissis,  or  half;  iss,  one  and  a  half. 

j,  one;  ij,  two;  iij,  three;  iv,  four,  &c. 

The  same  system  is  not  always  followed  in 
abbreviating.  The  subjoined  will  exhibit  the 
usual  mode: 

I  a  f us.  Colomb.  f.  ^iss 

Tinct  gent.  c.  F.  %i 

Syr.  Cort.  Aurunl.  f.  t"ss 

Tinct.  Caps.  gtt.  XL.  M 

Capt  Coch.  ij.  p.  r.  n. 

This,  written  at  length,  is  as  follows: 
Recipe 

Infi/si  Colombss,  sesqni -fluiduneiam, 
Tinctura   Gentianx   Composites.,  fluidrach- 

mam, 
Syrupi    Corticis    Auranliorum,    semi  fiui- 

drachnlam. 
Tinctvras  Cc/psici,  guttas  quadr  >ginta. 
Misce. 

Capiat  cochlearia  duo  pro  re  natA. 

ABCkS,  Abscess — a.  aigu,  see  Abscess, — a. 
Chuud,see  Abscess, — a.  Chrouiaue,see  Abscess, 
— a.  Par  congestion,  see  Abscess. — a.  Diathisiaue, 
Bee  Abscess, — a.  Froifl,  see  Abscess, — a.  Mclustii- 
t.'auc,  see  Abscess, — a.  Scrofuleux,  see  Abscess, 
— a.  Snvdain,  see  Abscess. 

ABDO'MEN.  from  ab'dere,  'to  conceal;' 
Etrnn,  Hijpogas'trion,  Epis'chion,  Lap'ara,  Hypo- 
choi'lion,  Guster,  llypou'trion,  JS'cdi/s,  Abdu'men, 
Venter  imns.  Venter  in'fimus,  Alcus,  Uterus. 
(F.)  Ventre,  V.inferieur,  Bus  ventre.  The  largest 
of  the  three  splanchnic  cavities,  bounded,  above, 


by  the  diaphragm;  below,  by  the  pelvis;  be- 
hind, by  the  lumbar  vertebra;  and  at  the  sides 
and  fore  part,  by  muscular  expansions.  It  is 
distinguished  into  three  anterior  regions,  from 
above  to  below;  viz.  the  epigastric,  umbilical, 
and  hypogastric,  each  of  which  is  itself  divided 
into  three  others,  one  middle,  and  two  lateral: 
thus,  the  epigastric  region  comprises  the  epigas- 
trium and  hypochondria;  the  umbilical,  the  um- 
bilicus and  flunks  or  lumbar  regions;  and  the 
hypogastric,  the  hypogastriurn  and  iliac  regions. 
None  of  these  regions  has  its  limits  well  defined. 
The  chief  viscera  contained  in  the  Abdomen 
are  the  stomach,  intestines,  liver,  spleen,  pan- 
cteas,  kidneys,  &c.  It  is  lined  by  the  perito- 
neum. 

ABDOM'INAL,  Abdomina'lis.  That  which 
belongs  to  the  Abdomen,  as  abdominal  muscles, 
abdominal  viscera,  &c. 

ABDOMINOSCOP'IA.  A  hybrid  word, 
from  Abdomen,  'the  lower  belly,'  and  oxontio, 
'I  view.'  Lupuroscop'ia,  examination  of  the 
lower  belly  as  a  means  of  Diagnosis.  See  Aus- 
cultation. 

ABDUCENS  LABIORUM,  Levator  anguli 
oris. 

ABDUCENTES.  Motor  oculi  externus. 

ABDUCTEUR  BE  LCEIL,  Rectus  externus 
oculi — a.  de  ioreilk,  Abductor  auris — a.  du 
gros  ortr.il,  Abductor  pollicis  pedis — a.  du  petit 
ortcil,  Abductor  minimi  digiti  pedis — a.  court 
du  poucc,  Abductor  pollicis  brevis — a.  loan  du 
pouce,  Abductor  longus  pollicis. 

ABDUCTION.  Abduc'tio, from  abdu'cere,xo 
separate,  (ub  and  ducere,  'to  lead.')  The  move- 
ment which  separates  a  limb  or  other  part  from 
the  axis  of  the  body. 

The  word  has  also  been  used  synonymously 
with  Abru/i'tio,  Apag'ma,  Apoclus'ma,  a  fiacture 
near  the  articular  extremity  of  a  bone,  with 
separation  of  the  fragments. 

ABDUCTOR,  same  etymon.  (F.)  Abducteur. 
A  muscle  which  moves  certain  parts  by  sepa- 
rating them  from  the  axis  of  the  body. 

Abductor  Auricularis,  Abductor  aaris — 
a.  Indicis  pedis,  Prior  indicia  p^dis,  Posterior 
indicis  pedis— a.  Medii  digiti  pedis,  Prior  medii 
digiti  pedis— a.  Minimi  digiti,  Flexor  parvus 
minimi  digiti — a.  Minimi  digiti,  Prior  minimi 
digiti — a.  Oculi,  Rectus  externus  oculi — a.  Pol- 
licis manus,  and  a.  Brevis  alter,  Abductor  pol- 
licis brevis. 

Abductor  Auris,  Abduetur  auriculafris.  (F.) 
Abducteur  de  Porcillc.  A  portion  of  the  poste- 
rior auris,  the  existence  of  which  is  not  con- 
stant, and  which  passes  from  the  mastoid  pro- 
cess to  the  concha. 

Abductor  In'dicis.  Semi-interos'scu*  in' di- 
ets. A  muscle  which,  arises  from  the  os  trape- 
zium and  metacarpal  bone  of  the  thumb,  and  is 
inserted  into  the  first  bone  of  the  fore  fi.n  <rer.  Its 
use  is  to  bring  the  forefinger  towards  the  thumb. 

Abductor  Mik'imi  Dig"iti,  Ga-rpo  phalan'- 
gcus  min'imi  digiti,  Carpo-phalangien  du  petit 
doigt,  Exten'sor  ter'tii  iuterno'dii  minimi,  digiti 
—  (Douglas  )  Hypoth'enar  minor  mctucarpeus. 
See  Flexor  parvus.  It  originates  fleshy  from 
the  os  pisiforme,  and  from  the  annular  ligament 
near  it;  and  is  inserted,  tendinous,  into  the 
inner  side  of  the  base  of  the  fiist  bone  of  the 
little  finger.  Use,  to  draw  the  little  finger  from 
the  rest. 

Abductor  Miami  Digiti  Pedis,  Calco-sub- 


ABDUMEN 


12 


ABOLITION 


pliahngevs  minimi  digit  i,  Cakaneo-phalangien 
du  petit  orteil,  Paroth'enar  major — (Winslow, 
by  whom  the  muscle  is  divided  into  two  por- 
tions. Parathcnar  major  and  metatarsals.)  Cal- 
caneo-sous-phalangien  du  p-.til  orteil — (Ch.)  (F.) 
Abducteur  du  petit  orteil.  This  muscle  forms 
the  outer  margin  of  the  sole  of  the  foot,  and  is 
immediately  beneath  the  plantar  aponeurosis. 
It  arises,  tendinous  and  fleshy,  from  the  outer 
side  of  the  protuberance  of  the  os  calcis,  and 
from  the  root  of  the  metatarsal  bone  of  the  lit- 
tle toe,  and  is  inserted  into  the  outer  part  of  the 
root  of  the  first  bone  of  the  little  toe.  Use.  To 
draw  the  little  toe  outwards. 

Abductor  Pol'licis  Bkevis,  Mduclor  Pol- 
licis  Manus,  Scapho-curpo-super-phulangeus  Pol- 
licis,  Sus-plialungicn  du  pouce,  A.  pallid s  manus 
and  A.  brevis  alter—  (Albinus.)  (F.)  Abducteur 
court  du  pouce.  Carpo-sus-phalangien  du  pouce 
— (Ch.)  A  short,  flat,  triangular  muscle,  which 
arises  from  the  anterior  surface  of  the  os  sca- 
phoides  and  the  annular  ligament  of  the  car- 
pus, and  terminates  at  the  outside  of  the  upper 
extremity  of  the  first  phalanx  of  the  thumb.  A 
particular  portion,  on  the  inner  side  of  this 
muscle,  is  called,  by  Albinus,  Mduc'tor  brevis 
alter. 

Abductor  Long  us  Pollicis,  A. 1.  P.  .Manus, 
Extensor  ossis  metacarpi  pollicis  manus,  Exten- 
sor primi  internodii — (Douglas,)  Extensor  pri- 
mus Pollicis,  Cuhitoradisus-me'tucarpien  du 
pouce,  Cubito-sus-metacarpien  du  pouce, — (Ch.) 
(F.)  Mductcur  long  du  pouce.  A  long,  thin 
muscle,  arising  from  the  posterior  surface  of  the 
ulna,  radius,  and  interosseous  ligament,  and  in- 
serted at  the  outer  side  of  the  upper  extremity 
of  the  first  metacarpal  bone. 

Abductor  Pollicis  Pedis,  Calco- sub pha- 
lungeus  Pol'licis.  (F.)  Mductcur  du  gros  orteil. 
This  muscle  arises,  fleshy,  from  the  anterior 
and  inner  part  of  the  protuberance  of  the  os 
calcis,  and  tendinous  from  the  same  bone 
where  it  joins' with  the  os  naviculare.  It  is 
inserted,  tendinous,  into  the  internal  os  sesa- 
moideuin  and  root  of  the  first  bone  of  the  oreat 
toe.  Use.  To  pull  the  great  toe  from  the  rest. 
The  name  Abductor  lias  been  given  also  to 
all  those  interosseous  muscles  of  the  hand  and 
foot,  which  perform  the  motion  of  abduction 
on  the  fingers  or  toes,  and  to  muscles  which 
execute  the  same  function  on  other  parts  of  the 
body. 
ABDUMEN,  Abdomen. 

ABEBJE'OS,  from  a  neg.  and  ptfaio?,  'firm,' 
in  fir1  mu  s,  deb' His.     Weak,  infirm,  unsteady. 
ABE1LLE,  Bee. 

ABELMEI/UCH.  One  of  the  names  of  the 
Ricinus,  according  to  some  authors. —  Prosper 
Alpinus  says  that  a  tree,  which  grows  about 
Mecca,  is  so  called.  Its  seeds,  which  are  black 
and  oblong,  are  said  to  be  a  most  violent  ca- 
thartic. 

ABELMOSCHUS,  Hibiscus  Abelmoschus.  - 
a.  Moschatus,  Hibiscus  abelmoschus. 
ABELMUSK,  Hibiscus  Abelmoschus. 
ABENSBERG.  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
A.  is   a  city  of  Bavaria,  where  there  is  a  cold, 
sulphureous  spri nir. 

ABERRATIO  MENSIUM,  Menstruation,  vi- 1 
carious. 

ABERRA'TION,  Merru'tio,  from  nbrrra'rc,\ 
{nb  and  trrare,)  'to  stray,'   'to  wander  from.' 
This  word  has  several  meanings.  I 


I.  The  passage  of  a  fluid  of  the  living  body 
into  an  order  of  vessels  not  destined  for  it.  The 
passage  of  red  blood,  for  example,  into  white 
vessels. 

In  this  sense  it  is  synonymous  with  the  Er- 
ror Loci  of  Boerhaave. 

2.  The  flow  of  a  fluid  towards  an  organ  dif- 
ferent from  that  to  which  it  is  ordinarily  di- 
rected; as  in  cases  of  vicarious  hemorrhage. 
Aberrations  of  sense  or  judgment  are  certain 
errors  in  the  images  perceived  or  certain  de- 
rangements of  the  intellectual  faculties. 

The  word  is  used  in  optics  to  designate  the 
dispersion  of  the  rays  of  light  in  passing  through 
a  lens. 

The  Aeerration  ok  Spheric"jty,  or  spher'- 
ical  aberra'tion,  takes  place,  when  the  raj's,  as 
in  a  common  lens,  which  pass  through  the  cen- 
tre of  the  lens,  and  those  which  pass  near  the 
circumference,  are  unequally  refracted,  so  that 
they  do  not  meet  at  a  common  focus. 

This  aberration  of  sphericity  in  the  human 
eye  is  corrected  by  the  iris. 

The  Aberration  of  Refrangibil'ity  ex- 
ists, when,  as  in  a  common  lens,  the  rays  that 
pass  near  the  circumference  of  the  lens  are  de- 
composed, so  that  a  coloured  image  is  observed. 
This  aberration  in  the  human  e}'e  is  corrected 
by  the  iris,  which  does  not  permit  the  rays  to 
fall  near  the  circumference  of  the  lens,  and  also 
by  the  crystalline  lens  itself,  which,  owing  to 
its  structure,  serves  the  purposes  of  an  achro- 
matic crlass. 

ABESSI,  Realo-ar. 

ABE  VACUATIO.  Apoceno'sis,  from  ab,  and 
evueuare,  'to  empty.'  An  evacuation.  A  par- 
tial or  imperfect  evacuation.  By  some,  it  i3 
applied  to  an  immoderate  evacuation.— Kraus. 
ABHAL.  A  fruit  well  known  in  India,  and 
obtained  from  a  species  of  cypress.  It  passes 
for  an  emmenagogne. 

ABIES,  Pinus    Picea  —  a.    Balsamea.  Pinus 
balsamea— a   Canadensis.  Pinns  Canadensis  — 
a.  Excelsa,  see  Pinus  abies— a.  Gallica,  Pinus 
picea— a.  Pectinata,  Pinus  picea— a.  Picea,  Pi- 
nus picea— a.  Rubra,  Pinus  rubra. 
ABIGA,  Teucrium  Chamaepitys 
ABIOTOS,  Conium  Maculatum. 
ABIRRITATION.   Ab-irrita'tio,  from  ab,  pri- 
vative, and   trrila'tio,   'irritation.'     This   word 
strictly  means  absence  or  defect  of  irritation. 
1  he  disciples  of  Broussais  used  it  to  indicate  a 
pathological  condition,  opposite  to  that  of  irri- 
tation     It  may  be  considered  as  synonymous 
with  debility,  asthenia,  &c. 
ABLACTATIO.  Weanino- 
ABLATIO.  Extirpation    ° 
ABLUENS,  Abstergent. 
ABLUTION,     Allu'lio,    Aponip'sis.     Cata- 
ctys  mus,  from  ablu'trg,  (ab  and  lucre.)  '  to  wash.' 
A  name  given  to  legal  ceremonies  in  which  the 
body  is  subjected   to  particular  affusions.     Ab- 
lution (especially  of  the  extremities)  with  cold 
or  tep,dwa,er  js  employed,  therapeutically  to 
reduce  febnle  heat.  Also,  the  washing  by  which 
medicines  are  separated   from  the  Extraneous 
matters  mixed  with  them.  ^raneous 

ABNORMAL,  Abnormous. 
ABNORMITAS,  Anomalia 


ABNOR'MOUS,  Abnor'mul  (F  ^  Anormnl 
from  ab  Mrom-  and  norma,  <ruYe/  Not Ton! 
formable  to  rule,  irregular 

ABOLI'TION,  AbZu"d0>  destruction  or  sup. 


A BOM ASUS 


13 


ABSCESS 


pression,  from  ah  and  lucre  (?)  'to  wash.'  A 
word,  often  employed, especially  by  the  French, 
to  express  the  complete  suspension  of  any 
symptom  or  function.  Abolition  of  the  sight, 
e.  g.  is  the  complete  loss  of  sight. 

ABOMA'SUS,  Aboma'sum,  Enys'tron,  Ren- 
net. The  lowermost  or  fourth  stomach  of  rumi- 
nating animals. 

ABOMINATIO,  Oisoust. 

ABUNDANCE,  Plethora. 

ABORSIO,  Abortion. 

ABORSUS,  Abortion. 

ABORT1F,  Abortive. 

ABORTION,  Mor'tus,  Abor'svs,  Mor'sio, 
Dystu'cia  aborti'va,  Ornoto'cia,  Paracye'sis  abor- 
tus, Amblo'sis,  Amblo'tna,  Diaph'thora,  Eclro'sis, 
Examblo'ma,  Examblo'sis,  Ectros'mos,  Apopnl- 
le'sis,  Apopai'sis,  Apoph'thora,  Phthora,  Convul'- 
sio  u'tcri,  Depcidi'tio.  (F.)  Avortement,  Bks- 
sure,  Miscarriage,  from  ab  and  oriri,  '  to  rise,' 
applied  to  that  which  has  arisen  out  of  season. 
The  expulsion  of  the  foetus  before  the  seventh 
month  of  utero-gestation,  or  before  it  is  viable. 
(q.  v.)  The  causes  of  this  accident  are  rcferri- 
ble  either  to  the  mother,  and  particularly  to  the 
uterus;  or  to  the  foetus  and  its  dependencies. 
The  causes,  in  the  mother,  may  be:— extreme 
nervous  susceptibility,  great  debility,  plethora; 
faulty  conformation,  &c;  and  it  is  frequently 
induced  immediately  by  intense  mental  emo- 
tion, violent  exercise,  &c.  The  causes  seated 
in  the  fectus  are  its  death,  rupture  of  the  mem- 
branes, &c.  It  most  frequently  occurs  between 
the  8th  and  12th  weeks  of  gestation.  The  symp- 
toms of  abortion  are.  —  uterine  hemorrhage  with 
or  without  flakes  of  decidua,  with  intermitting 
pain.  When  abortion  has  once  taken  place,  it 
is  extremely  apt  to  recur  in  subsequent  preg- 
nancies about  the  same  period.  Some  writers 
have  called  abortion,  when  it  occurs  prior  to 
three  months,  Effluxion.  The  treatment  must 
vary  according  to  the  constitution  of  the  patient 
and  the  causes  giving  rise  to  it.  In  all  cases, 
the  horizontal  posture  and  perfect  quietude  are 
indispensable. 

Abortion  is  likewise  applied  to  the  product 
of  an  untimely  birth.  Amblothrid'ion,  Ectio'ma, 
Abortment.     (F.)  Avorton,  Atortin. 

TO  ABORT',  Abori'ri.  To  miscarry.  (F  ) 
Avarter. 

ABOR'TIVE,  Aborli'vus,  Ecbol'ius  Ambln'ti- 
cus,  Phthor'ius,  Apophthor'ius,  Ectroi.'i.cus,  Par- 
turient, (q.  v.)  Parturifa' cicnt,  Ec'bolic.  (F.) 
Abortif.  A  medicine  to  which  is  attributed  the 
property  of  causing  abortion.  There  is  proba- 
bly no  direct  agent  of  the  kind. 

ABORTMENT,  Abortion. 

ABORTUS,  Abortion. 

ABOUCHEMENT,  Anastomosis. 

ABOULAZA,  a  tree  of  Madagascar,  used, 
according  to  Flacourt,  in  the  practice  of  the 
country  in  diseases  of  the  heart. 

ABOUTISSEMENT,  Suppuration. 

ABRABAX,  AbrasaX,  Abraxas.  A  mystic 
term  expressing  the  number  305,  and  to  which 
the  Cabalists  attributed  miraculous  properties. 

ABRACADA'BRA:  the  name  of  a  Syrian 
Idol,  according  to  Selden.  This  word,  when 
pronounced  and  repented  in  a  certain  form  and 
a  certain  number  of  times,  was  supposed  to 
have  the  power  of  curing  fevers  and  preventing 
many  diseases.  It  was  figured  on  amulets  and 
worn  suspended  around  the  neck. 


ABRACADABRA 

BRACADABRA 

RACADABRA 

ACAUABRA 

0  A  D  A  B  R  A 

A  D  A  B  E  A 

D  A  B  R  A 

A  B  R  A 

BRA 

R  A 

A 

ABRACALAN,  A  cabalistic  term  to  which 
the  Jews  attributed  the  same  virtue  as  to  the 
word  Abracadabra. 

ABRASAX,  Abrabax. 

ABR-A'SION.  Abra'sio,  Aposyr'ma,  Apoxys'- 
mus,  from  abra'dere,  (ab  and  indcre.)  '  to  rasp.' 
A  superficial  excoriation,  with  loss  of  substance, 
under  the  form  of  small  shreds,  in  the  mucous 
membrane  of  the  intestines.  (F  )  Raclure  des 
Boijnux.  Also,  an  ulceration  of  the  skin,  pos- 
sessing similar  characters.  According  to  Vicq 
d  Azyr,  the  word  has  been  used  for  the  absorp- 
tion of  the  molecules  composing  the  various 
organs. 

ABRATHAN,  Artemisia  abrotanum. 

ABRAXAS,  Abrabax. 

ABBREVIATION,  Abbreviation. 

ABRICOT,  Primus  Armeniaca. 

ABROSIA,  Abstinence. 

ABROTANUM,  Artemisia  abrotanum — a. 
Cat.hsum,  Artemisia  abrotanum — a.  Mas,  Arte- 
misia abrotanum. 

ABROTONITES,  aft,oT<mT>;c.  (onoc,  'wine' 
understood.)  Wine  impregnated  with  the  Ar- 
temisia Abrotanum  or  Southernwood. 

ABROTONUM,  Artemisia  abrotanum. 

ABRUPTIO,  Abduction 

ABRUS  PRECATO'RIUS,  Liq'uorice  Rush, 
Red  Bean,  Love  pea.  A  small  ornamental  shrub, 
found  from  Florida  to  Brazil,  as  well  as  in 
Egypt  and  the  West  Indies;  Nat.  Ord.  Legu- 
minosEe  Sex.  Syst.  Monadelphia  enneandria; 
having  beautiful  scarlet  seeds  with  a  black 
spot.  The  roots  and  leaves  are  sweet  and  mu- 
cilaginous demulcents.  The  seeds  of  the  Ame- 
rican kind  are  considered  to  be  purgative  and 
poisonous. 

ABSCESS,  from  abscedo,  (abs,  and  cedere,) 
'  I  depart,'  or  '  separate  from.'  Absces'sus,  Ab- 
scrs'sio,  Aphisle'sis,  Aposte'ma,  linpo/thttnie, 
Ecpije'ma,  Ecpye'sis,  Reces'sus.  (F.)  Abces, 
Depot.  A  collection  of  pus  in  a  cavity,  the  re 
suit  of  a  morbid  process.  See  Fyogenia  and 
Suppuration. 

The  French  have  various  distinctive  terms 
for  Abscesses. 

ABCES  CHAUD,  AIGU,  SOUDAIN,  is  one 
which  follows  violent  inflammation. 

ABCkSFROID,  CHRONIQUE,  SCROFU- 
LEUX,  one  which  is  the  result  of  chronic  or 
scrofulous  inflammation. 

ABCES  PAR  CONGESTION,  A.  diathisiyne, 
is  a  symptomatic  abscess,  one  which  occurs  in 
a  part  at  a  distance  from  the  inflammation  by 
which  it  is  occasioned:  e.  g.  a  lumbar  absecss ; 
(q.  v.)  in  which  the  inflammation  may  be  in 
the  lumbar  vertebra;,  whilst  the  pus  exhibits 
itself  at  the  groin. 

Abscess  Metastatic,  (F.)  Abets  me'lasta- 
tique;  A.  consicutif,  nn  abscess,  which  forms 
suddenly,  and  sometimes  without  any  precur- 
sory signs  of  inflammation  in  a  part  of  the  body 


ABSCESSU3 


14 


ACACIA 


remote  from  one  in  a  state  of  suppuration,  and 
without  presenting  a  sufficient  reason  for  its 
development  in  the  place  which  it  occupies.  It 
is  a  consequence  of  phlebitis. 

Abscess,  perforating  of  the  Lung,  See 
Lung,  perforating  abscess  of  the — a.  Psoas, 
Lumbar  abscess. 

ABSCESSUS  CAPITIS  SANGUINEUS 
NEONATORUM,  Cephalhematoma— a.  Gan- 
graenescens,  Anthrax — a.  Gangramosus,  An- 
thrax— a.  Lumborum,  Lumbar  abscess — a.  Mam- 
ma, Mastodynia  apostematosa — a.  Nucleatus, 
Furunculus — a.  Oculi,  Hypopyon— a.  Pectoris, 
Empyema — a.  Pulmonum,  Empyema — a^  Spiri- 
tuosus.  Aneurism — a.  Thoracis,  Empyema, 

ABSCIS'lON,  Abscis'io,  Abecis'sio,  from  ab- 
sci'dcre  or  abscin'dere,  '  to  cut  off,'  Apoc'ope, 
Apotlirau'sis,  Diac'opS.  Excision  or  extirpation 
of  a  part,  especially  of  a  soft  part.— Fabricius 
Hildanus. 

A  fracture  or  injury  of  soft  parts  with  loss  of 
substance. — Hippocrates. 

Diminution,  or  loss  of  voice. — Celsus. 

Sudden  and  premature  termination  of  a  dis- 
ease.— Galen. 

ABSCISSIO  PRJEPUTI1,  Circumcision. 

ABSCONSIO,  Sinus. 

ABSENCE  DU  BRUIT  RESPIRATOIRE, 
See  Murmur,  respiratory. 

ABSINTHI'TES,  mpiv9irrig,  Apsinthi'tes, 
Wine  impregnated  with  Absinthium  or  Worm- 
wood.— Dioscorides. 

ABSINTHIUM,  (Ph.  U.  S.)  Artemisia  ab- 
sinthium— a.  Maritimum,  Artemisia  maritima — 
a.  Ponticum,  Artemisia  pontica — a.  Romanum, 
Artemisia  pontica — a.  Santonicum,  Artemisia 
santonica — a.  Vulgare,  Artemisia  absinthium. 

ABSORBAjYT,  Absorbent. 

ABSOR'BENT,  Absor'bens,  from  absorbere, 
(ab  and  sorberc,)  'to  drink,  to  suck  up.'  (F.) 
Msorbant.     That  which  absorbs. 

Absorbent  System  is  the  collection  of  ves- 
sels and  glands,  which  concur  in  the  exercise 
of  absorption. 

A  medicine  used  for  absorbing  acidity  in  the 
stomach  and  bowels,  as  magnesia,  chalk,  &c. 

Also,  any  substance,  such  as  cobweb,  sponge, 
&c,  which,  when  applied  to  a  bleeding  surface, 
retains  the  blood,  and  forms  with  it  a  solid  and 
adhesive  compound,  which  arrests  the  hemor- 
rhage. 

ABSORPTION,  Resorp'lio,  hihala'lio,  Tmbi- 
bi"lio,  Absorp'tio,  Catarrlwphc' sis,  Qatar' r  ho  phi; 
same  etymon.  The  function  of  absorbent  ves- 
sels, by  virtue  of  which  they  take  up  substances 
from  without  or  within  the  body.  Two  great 
divisions  have  been  made  of  this  function.  1. 
External  absorption,  or  the  absorption  of  compo- 
sition, which  obtains  from  without  the  organs, 
the  materials  intended  for  their  composition: 
and,  2.  Internal  absorption,  or  the  absorption  of 
decomposition,  which  takes  up  from  the  organs 
the  materials  that  have  to  be  replaced  by  the 
exhalants. 

By  external  absorption  is  meant  not  only  that 
which  takes  place  at  the  external  surface  of  the 
body,  but  also  that  of  the  mucous  membranes  of 
the  digestive  and  respiratory  passages.  Hence, 
again,  the  division  of  external  absorption  into 
cutaneous,  intestinal,  or  digestive,  and  pulmonary 
or  respiratory. 

Internal  absorption  is  also  subdivided  into,  1. 
Molecular  or  interstitial,  nutritive   or  organic, 


which  takes  up  from  each  organ  the  maienaL 
that  constitute  it,  so  that  the  decomposition  is 
always  in  equilibrio  with  the  deposition,  i.  1  he 
absorption  of  rccrementilial  secreted  fiuios,  such 
as  the  fluid  of  serous  membranes,  synovia,  &c, 
As  these  are  constantly  exhaled  on  surfaces, 
which  have  no  external  outlet,  they  would  aug< 
ment  indefinitely,  if  absorption  did  not  remove 
them  in  the  same  proportion  as  that  in  which 
they  are  deposited.  3.  The  ubsorption  of  a  part 
of  the  excrementitial  secreted  fluids,  as  they  pass 
over  the  excretory  passages. 

Absorption  does  not  effect  the  decomposition 
of  the  body  immediately.  It  merely  prepares 
the  fluid  which  has  to  be  eliminated  by  the  se- 
cretory organs. 

The  great  agents  of  external  absorption  are 
the  veins  and  chyliferous  vessels;  of  internal 
absorption,  probably  the  lymphatics.  In  the  chy- 
liferous vessels  and  lymphatics  the  fluid  is  al- 
ways found  to  possess  the  same  general  pro- 
perties. In  them,  therefore,  an  action  of  elabo- 
ration or  selection  must  have  taken  place. 

The  veins,  on  the  other  hand,  seem  to  exert 
no  selection.  Any  fluid,  possessing  the  neces- 
sary tenuity,  passes  through  the  coats  of  the 
vessel  readily  by  imbibition,  and  proceeds  along 
with  the  torrent  of  the  circulation.  Watery 
fluids  in  this  manner  enter  the  blood  when  they 
are  taken  into  the  stomach.  Substances  that 
require  digestion,  on  the  olherhand,  must  pas9 
through  the  chyliferous  vessels  and  thoracic  duct. 

ABSTkME,  Abstemious. 

ABSTE'MIOUS,  Absle'mivs,  Aoi'nos,  from 
abs,  '  without,'  and  teme'tum,  '  wine,'  (F.) 
Absteme.  Used  by  the  ancient  writers  as  well 
as  by  the  French  in  the  sense  only  of  its  roots; 
one  who  abstains  from  wine  or  fermented  li- 
quors in  g-eneral. 

ABSTEB/GENT,  from  abster'gere,ito  clean,' 
(abs  and  tergcre,)  Abstci  si'vus,  Abste.r' sice ,  Ab'- 
lue.ns,  Absterso'rius,  Deter' <rens,  Rhyp'tirus,  Trau- 
mat'icus.  A  medicine  that  cleanses  the  part  to 
which  it  is  applied. 

ABSTERGENTIA,  Determents. 

ABSTERSIVUS,  Abstergent. 

ABSTERSOR1US,  Abstergent. 

AB'STINENCE, Mstinen'tia,  from  abs, 'from,' 
and  tene're, 'lo  hold,'  Abros'ia,Asit'ia,  Liman'ehia, 
Limocton'ia,Fns\\ng.  Privation,  usually7  volun- 
tary, as  when  we  speak  of  abstinence  from  plea- 
sure, abstinence  from  drink,  Sec.  It  is  more  par- 
ticularly used  to  signify  voluntary  privation  of 
certain  articles  of  food.  Fasting  is  a  useful 
remedial  a<rent  in  certain  diseases,  particularly 
in  those  of  an  inflammatory  character. 

ABSUS,  a  kind  of  cassia — C.  Absus — which 
grows  in  Egypt  and  in  India,  the  seeds  of 
which,  pulverized  and  mixed  with  powdered 
sugar,  have  been  employed,  in  form  of  a  dry 
collyrinrn,  in  the  endemic  ophthalmia  of  E<rypt. 

ABUS  DE  SOl-MEME,  Masturbation. 

ABUTA.  Pareira  brava. 

ABUTILON  CORDA'TUM,  Sida  abutilon, 
Yellow  mallow.  An  indigenous  plant  common 
from  Canada  to  Mexico,  which  resembles  com- 
mon mallow  in  its  medical  virtues,  beinn-  mu- 
cilaginous and  demulcent. 

A  BVACUA'TIO,  an  excessive  or  colliquative 
evacuation  of  any  kind. 

ACACIA  (Ph.  U.  8.)  Acaci»  gummi— a.  Ca- 
techu, Catechu— a.  Germanica,  see  Prunus  spi- 
nosa — a.  Indica,  Tamarindus — a.  Nostras    see 


ACACIJE  GUMMI 


15 


ACCIDENTAL 


Piunus  spinosa — a.  Vera,  see  Acaciae  gurarai 
— a.  Zeylonica,  Haematoxylon  Campechianum. 

ACACIA  GUMMI,  Aca'cia,  from  ax>;,'a  point,' 
so  called  in  consequence  of  its  spines,  G.  Acar* 
cix  Arab'icse,  G.  Arab'icum,  G.  Ae.anth'inum,  G. 
L? ucum,  G.  Theba'icum,  G.  Serapio'nis,  G.  Lnmac, 
G.  Si  nega,  or  Seneca,  Gum  Ar'ubic.  (F.)  Gomme 
Arabique.  The  gum  of  the  Mimosa  JVilot'icu, 
Aca'cia  vera,  Spina  JEgyptinca,  of  \Jp\ier  Egypt, 
A'uU  Oril.  MimosejE,  Sex.  Syst.  Polygamia  Mo- 
ncecia.  It  is  in  irregular  pieces,  colourless,  or 
of  a  pale  yellow  colour,  hard,  brittle,  of  a 
shining  fracture,  transparent,  soluble  in  water, 
and  insoluble  in  alcohol,  s.  g.  1.4317. 

It  is  mucilaginous  ;  but  is  rarely  used,  except 
in  Pharmacy.  Sometimes  it  is  administered 
alone  as  a  demulcent. 

ACAJOU,  Anacardium  occidentale. 

ACAM'ATOS,  from  a  priv.,  and  xaurw,  '  I 
labour.'  This  word  has  been  sometimes  us«d 
for  a  iiootl  constitution  of  the  body.  According 
to  Gahen,  it  means  that  position  in  which  a 
limb  is  intermediate  between  flexion  and  ex- 
tension; a  position  which  may  be  long  main- 
tained without  fatigue. 

ACAMPSIA,  Cotitractura. 

ACANOS,  Onopordium  acanthium. 

ACANTHA,  Vertebral  column.  Also,  Spi- 
nous process  of  a  vertebra. 

ACANTHAB'OLOS,  Acan'lhulus,  Vols  el' la, 
from  ar.urdu,  '  a  spine,'  and  (Su?.?.a>,  '  1  cast  out.' 
A  kind  of  forceps  for  removing  extraneous  sub- 
stances from  wounds. — Paulus  of  iEgina,  Fa- 
bricius  ab  Acquapendente,  Scultetus,  «fec. 

ACANTHALZUCA,  Echinops. 

ACANTBEFAUSSE,UerAcleumspon<iy\ium. 

ACANTHIUM,  Onopordium  acanthium. 

ACANTHULUS,  Acanthabolos. 

ACAiNTHUS  MOLLIS,  Same  etymon  as 
Acacia,  (q.  v.)  Melumpliyl'  turn,  Bran'cu  ursi'na, 
Brankvr'sine,  Bear's  Breech.  (F.)  Pied  d'ours. 
This  plant  is  mucilaginous  like  Altha;a,  and 
is  used  as  a  demulcent. 

ACAPATLI,  Piper  longurn. 

ACAR'D'A,  from  a  priv.,  and  xanSta,  'the 
heait.'     The  state  of  a  foetus  without  a  heart. 

ACARDJOTROPHIA,  Heart,  atrophy  of  the. 

ACARICOHA.  The  Brazilian  name  for  the 
HyJrocul'yle  unibclla'tum,  used  by  the  Indians 
as  an  aromatic,  alexipharmic,  and  emetic. 

ACAKON,  Myrica  gale. 

ACARUS,  from  a  privative,  and  xao^c,  'di- 
visible.' A  minute  insect,  one  species  of  which 
has  been  noticed  by  several  observers,  in  the 
itch.     The  Acarus  Scaliiei,  Sarceiptc,  Ciron. 

Ac'akus  Ciko,  see  Psora. 

Acakus  Foli.iculo'rum,  Entnzo'on  Follicu- 
lu'nim.  An  articulated  animalcule,  discovered 
in  the  sebaceous  substance  of  the  cutaneous 
follicles. 

Acarus  Soabiei,  see  Psora. 

ACATALEP'STA,  from  a  privative,  and  xu- 
raluu(ia\a),  '  I  comprehend.'  Uncertainty  in 
diagnosis.     Its  opposite  is  Catalepsia. — Galen. 

ACATAP'OSIS,  from  a  privative,  and  xara- 
7iodij,  'deglutition'  Incapacity  of  swallow- 
ing. Vogel  has  given  this  name  to  difficulty 
in  deglutition. 

ACATASTAT'lC,  Aratustal'icus,  from  a  priv., 
and  xudioT^ui, '  to  determine.'  An  epithet  given 
to  fevers,  &c,  when  irregular  in  their  periods 
or  symptoms  — Hippocrates. 

AGATHAR'SIA,from  a  priv.,  and  xaSatnitw 


'  I  purge.'  Sordes,  Impurities.  Omission  of  a 
purgative  — Foesius. 

AGATSJAVAL'LI,  a  Malabar  plant,  which  is 
astringent  and  aromatic.  A  bath  of  it  is  used  in 
that  country  in  cases  of  hemicrania.  It  is  sup- 
posed to  be  the  Cassylha  Jiliformis  of  Linnasus. 

ACAWER1A,  Ophioxylum  serpentinum. 

ACCABLEMEJVT,  Torpor. 

ACClLtiRATEUR,  Accelerator  urinae. 

ACCELERATOR  URl'N^E,  Buibo-caverno'- 
sus,  Bulbouretral — (Ch.)  Ejaculu'lvr  Semi'nis, 
Bulbo-syndesmo-caverneux-  (F.)  Acciltr  ateur , 
from  ad  and  ccler,  '  quick.'  A  muscle  of  the 
penis,  which  arises,  fleshy,  from  the  sphincter 
ani  and  membranous  part  of  the  urethra,  and 
tendinous  from  the  crus  and  beginning  of  the 
corpus  cavemosum  penis.  In  its  course  it  forms 
a  thin,  fleshy  layer,  the  inferior  fibres  of  which 
run  more  transversely  than  the  superior,  which 
descend  in  an  oblique  direction;  the  muscles 
of  both  sides  completely  enclosing  the  bulb  of 
the  urethra.  It  is  inserted  into  its  fellow  by  a 
tendinous  line  running  longitudinally  on  the 
middle  of  the  bulb.  Its  use  is  to  propel  the 
urine  or  semen  forwards. 

ACCENT,  Sonus  vocis,  from  ad,  and  canere, 
canlum,  to  sing.  Inflection  or  modification  of 
the  voice,  which  consists  in  raising  or  dropping 
it  on  certain  syllables. 

The  accent  exhibits  various  alterations  in 
disease. 

ACCtS,  Paroxysm. 

ACCES'SION.  Acces'sio,  from  acce'do,  (ad 
and  cedere,)  '1  approach.'  The  invasion,  ap- 
proach, or  commencement  of  a  disease. 

ACCESSOIRE,  Accessory,— «.  du  lung  fld- 
chisseur  commun  desorteils:  see  Flexor  longusdi- 
gitorum  pedis  profundus  perforans  (accessorius) 
— a.c?eZ'OMura*e!!ri/^mic,Ischio-trochanterianus 
— a  du  pied  d'  Hippocampe:  see  Comu  arnmonis 
— a.  du  Sacro-lombaire:  see  Sacro-lumbalis. 

ACCESSORIUS  FLEXOR  LONGUS  DIGI- 
TORUM  PEDIS;  see  Flexor  iongus  digitorum 
pedis  profundus  perforans  (accessorius) — a. 
Pedis  hippocampi.     See  Comu  arnmonis. 

ACCESSORY,  Accesso'rius,  (F.)  Accessoire, 
Annexe,  same  etymon.  A  consequence  or  de- 
pendence on  any  thing;  as  accessory  ligament, 
muscle,  nerve,  &e. 

Accessory  of  the  Parot'id  is  a  name  given 
by  Haller  to  a  small  gland,  which  accompanies 
the  parotid  duct,  and  which  is  commonly  a  mere 
prolongation  of  the  parotid  itself. 

Accessory  Sconces  to  Medicine  are  those 
which  do  not  relate  directly  to  the  science  of 
man  in  a  stilte  of  health  or  disease;  as  physics, 
chemistry.  &c. 

Accessory  of  the  Par  VAGUM,Spinal  nerve. 

The  term  accessory  is  also  given  to  several 
muscles. 

ACCESSUS,  Coition. 

ACCIDENS,  Symptoma — a.  Consecutifs,Con- 
secutive  phenomena. 

ACCIDENT,  Ac'cidens,  from  acciderc,  (ad 
and  cedere,)  'to  happen.'  A  casualty;  an  un. 
foreseen  event.  The  French  use  the  term  in 
nearly  the  same  sense  as  symptom.  It  means 
also  an  unexpected  symptom, 

ACCIDENTAL,  adventitious.  That  which 
happens  unexpectedly. 

The  Frencli  give  the  name  Tissus  accidenle/s 
to  those  adventitious  textures,  that  are  the  re- 
sult of  a  morbid  process. 


ACCIPITER 


l(i 


ACETICUM  ACIDUM 


ACCIPTTER,  Hi'erax,it?a*,'lhe  hawk,'  from 
accipere  (ad  and  capio,)  '  to  take.'  Mcnec'ratis 
Accip'itcr.  (F.)  Epervier.  A  bandage  applied 
over  the  nose,  so  called  from  its  likeness  to  the 
claw  of  a  hawk. 

AC'CLl'MATED,  CUma'li  assuc'tus,  from 
ad  and  clima,  a  word  of  recent  introduction 
from  the  French,  which  means  '  accustomed  to 
a  climate.' 
ACCLIMATEMEJYT,  Acclimation. 
ACCLIMATION,  Seasoning.  (F.)  Acclimate- 
mcnt.  The  act  of  becoming  acclimated,  or  ac- 
customed to  a  climate. 

The  constitution  of  a  person,  who  goes  to 
live  in  another  and  very  different  climate, 
usually  experiences  changes,  which  are  fre- 
quently of  an  unfavourable  character,  and  the 
study  of  which  is  of  considerable  importance 
in  medicine. 

ACCOM'PANIMENT,  Adjun'ctum.  (F.)  Ac- 
compagnement,  (compngnon,  'an  associate.') 
That  which  is  joined  to  any  thing. 

Accompaniment  to  the  cataract  is  a  whitish,  vis- 
cid substance,  which  sometimes  surrounds  the 
opaque  crystalline  and  remains  after  the  opera- 
lion  for  cataract,  causing  a  secondary  cataract. 
ACCOUCHJiE,  Puerpera. 
ACCOUCHEMENT,  Parturition— a.  Labo- 
rious, Dystocia — «.  Contre  nature,  see  Presen- 
tation, preternatural — a.  Laborieux,  Laborious 
labour. 

ACCOUCHEUR,    (F.)    Adju'tor  Partus,  Ob- 
stct'i icans,  Maieu'ter.    He  who  practises  the  art 
of  midwifery.    A  physician- Accoucheur,  a  Sur- 
geon-Accoucheur, a  Man-midwife,  &c. 
ACCOUCHEUSE,  Midwife. 
ACCOUPLEMEJVT,  Coition. 
ACCOUTUMAJYCE,  Habit. 
ACCRE'TION,  Accre'tio,  from  ad,  <  to,'  and 
crescere, '  to  increase.'     Augmentation;  also,  in- 
crease by  juxtaposition. 
ACCROTSSEMENT,  Increase. 
ACCUSATIO,  Indication. 
ACE'DIA.   lncu'ria,  from    a   privative,  and 
xrjdo?,  'care.'      Want  of  care,  neglect.      Also, 
fatigue. — Hippocrates. 
ACELLA,  Axilla. 

ACEPH'ALOBRACHUS,  from  a  privative, 
nKpaXr;,  'head,'  and  (ina/iuir,  'arm.'  A  fcetus 
without  head  or  arms. 

ACEPH'ALOCHI'RUS,  from  a  privative, 
xt<fa?.Tj, '  head,'  and  xilQ> '  hand.'  A  foetus  with- 
out head  or  hands. 

ACEPH'ALOCYST,  Acephalocysl'is,  from  a 
privative,  y.i<pa?.->],  '  head,'  and  y.vartg,  '  bladder.' 
An  hydatiform  vesicle,  without  head  or  visible 
organs,  ranked  amongst  the  Entozoa,  although 
possessed  of  few  animated  characteristics.  In 
no  organ  of  the  body,  are  acephnlocysts  so  fre- 
quently found  as  in  the  liver.  Generally  it  is 
the  'multiple  acephalocyst,'  A.socia'lis  seu  pro- 
lifera,  which  is  met  with.  At  times,  however, 
it  is  the  '  solitary  acephalocyst,'  A.  ercmi'ta  seu 
ster'i/is. 

The  acephalorystis  cndos"ena  has  a  firm  coat, 
and  is  composed  of  different  layers,  which  have 
numbers  of  smaller  hydatids  within  them,  and 
nre  thrown  off'  from  the  inferior  of  the  parent 
cvst.  This  species  has  hence  been  termed  en- 
do<rena,\.o  distinguish  it  from  the  A.  ezog"ena  of 
ruminant  animals,  in  which  the  young  vesicles 
are  developed  from  the  exterior  of  the  parent 
vesicle. — See  Hydatid. 


ACEPH'ALOGAS'TER,  Atho' racocrph'alus, 
from  a.  privative,  yiQcdy,  'head,'  and  yuOT),Q, 
'  the  belly.'  A  name  given  to  monsters  devoid 
of  head,  chest,  and  abdomen;  or  to  those  which 
have  an  abdomen  but  no  chest  or  head. 

ACEPH'ALOS'TOMA,  from  a  privative, 
y.tyafa},  'head,'  and  arojuu,'  mouth.'  An  acepha- 
lous fcetus,  at  the  upper  part  of  which  there  ia 
an  opening  resembling  a  mouth 

ACEPH'ALOTHO'RUS,  from  a  privative, 
y.i<Sfalr\,  '  head,' and  dwoa$,  '  chest,'  Apcctocephu- 
lus.     A  monster,  devoid  of  head  or  chest. 

ACEPH'ALOUS,  from  a  priv.,  and  xiqu'/.);, 
'head.'  A  monster  born  devoid  of  head.  The 
condition  is  called  Acepha'lia. 

ACER,  Acrid. 

Acer  Sacchaiu'num.  Maple,  Sugar  Maple, 
(F.)  Arable.  This  tree  contains  a  large  amount 
of  sweet  sap,  whence  a  considerable  quantity  of 
sugar  maybe  extracted.  When  purified,  this 
sugar  can  scarce!}'  be  distinguished  from  that 
obtained  from  the  cane. — See  Saccharum. 

ACERB',  Acer' bus,  Sir yphnos, from  acer, 'sharp.' 
A  savour,  or  taste,  compounded  of  the  acid, 
bitter,  and  astringent;  such  as  is  met  within 
unripe  fruits,  &c. 

ACER'CUS,  from  a  privative,  and  y.toxog,  'a 
tail.'     A  monster  devoid  of  tail. — Gurlt. 

ACE'RIDES,  from  a  privative,  and  *»;§<;?, 
'  wax.'     Plasters  devoid  of  wax. —  Galen. 

ACERO'SUS,  Achyro'des,  Pithyri'nus,  from 
a/vgov,  'chaff-.'  Furfura'ceous.  An  epithet  used, 
by  Hippocrates,  for  the  coarsest  bread,  made  of 
flour  not  separated  from  the  chaff — Foesius. 

ACERVULUS  CEREBRI.   See  Pineal  Gland. 

ACES'CEiNCY,  Accscen'tia,  from  aces' cere, 
'to  grow  sour,'  (ay.ic,  '  a  point,'  acer,  'sharp.') 
A  disposition  to  acidity.  The  humourists  be- 
lieved that  the  animal  humours  are  susceptible 
of  this  change. 

ACESIS,  Curation,  Medicament. 

ACESMA,  Modicament. 

ACESTOR,  Physician. 

ACESTOR1S,  Midwife. 

ACESTOS,  Curable. 

ACESTRA.  Needle. 

ACETA  MED1CATA,  Acetica. 

ACETABULA  UTERLNA.  Cotyledons. 

ACETAB'ULUM,  from  act'lum,  'vinegar,' 
because  it  resembles  the  old  vinegar  vessel  oxy- 
baphon,  osvpayor.  A  measure  capable  of  con- 
taining the  eighth  part  of  a  modern  pint  — 
Athenfeus.  Galen.  See  Cotyloid.  According 
to  Castelli,  the  lobes  or  cotyledons  of  the  pla° 
centaj  of  ruminating  animals  have  been  so 
called. 

Acetabulum,  Cotyle,  Cotyloid— a.  Marinum, 
Umbilicus  marinus. 

ACETA'RIA,  same  etymon.  A  salad  or 
pickle. 

ACETAS,  Acetate. 

ACETATE,  Ace'tos.  A  salt  formed  bv  the 
union  of  the  acetic  acid  with  an  alkaline 
earthy,  or  metallic  base.  The  ncetales,  chiefly 
used  in  medicine,  are  the  acetates  of  ammonia 
lead,  potash,  and  zinc. 

ACE'TICA,  Aee'ta  Mtdiea'ta,  (F  )  Vivairrres 
Medicinavx.  Pharmaceutical  preparations  of 
V  inegar. 

ACETICUM  ACIDUM,  Acidum  Ace'ticum 
fort'vs  A.  A.  forts.  A.  Jluftii  urn  purum,  Ace'tuni 
rudicu/r:.  Oxos,  Ace' tic  Acid,  Strong  ictftous 
Acid,  Actdum  Aceto' sum  forte,  Rad'ical  Viu'r*ar 


ACETONE 


17 


ACHILLEA 


Kuir'itus  Ycn'cris  (ichen  made  from  verdigris.) 
Spirit  of  Verdigris.  Concentrated  acetic  acid, 
prepared  by  decomposing  an  acetate  and  re- 
ceiving the  acetic  acid  by  distillation,  has  a 
very  pungent  and  grateful  odour,  and  an  acid 
and  acrid  taste.  Its  s.  g.  is  about  1046,  and 
it  is  very  volatile. 

It  is  stimulant,  rubefacient,  and  escharotic, 
and  is  applied  to  the  nostrils  in  syncope,  as- 
phyxia, headache,  ike.     It  destroys  warts. 

An  Aromatic  Spirit  of  Vinegar,  Ad'idum 
Ace'ticum  Camphora' turn,  A.  aceto'svm  campho- 
ra'tum,  is  formed  of  this  strong  acid,  §vj,  Cam- 
fhor  §ss,  01.  Caryoph.  gtt.  xv. 

A  strong  Acetic  Acid  was  ordered  by  the  Lon- 
don pharmacopoeia  prepared  from  wood.  It  was 
called  Vinegar  of  icood,  Improved  distilled  Vine- 
gar, Fyroli  g'  neous  Acid,  Ace'tum  Ligno'rum,  and 
its  strength  was  such,  that  87  gr.  of  crystallized 
subcarbonate  of  soda  should  saturate  100  grains 
of  the  acid. 

Ac"idum  Acf/ticum  Dilu'tum,  A.  a.  ten'uS, 
Ace'tum  destilki'lum,  Acidum  ace'ticum,  Acid- 
7im  aceto'sum  dcstilla'tum,  Acidum  ace'ticum 
debil'ius,  Distil'led  vin'egar,  (F.)  Jicide  Acetique 
faible,  Vinaigre  distille,  is  prepared  by  distilling 
vinegar,  until  seven-eighths  have  passed  over. 
An  Acidum  aceticvm  dilutum,  Diluted  acetic  acid 
is  made  by  mixing  half  a  pint  of  the  strong  ace- 
tic acid  with  five  pints  of  distilled  water, — Ph. 
U.  S.     Its  properties  are  like  those  of  vinegar. 

ACETONE,  from  acetum, '  vinegar.'  Fyro- 
ace'tic  spirit,  Pyro-acetic  Ether,  Mesit'ic  M'cohol, 
Bihydrate  of  Mesit'ylene;  erroneously  called 
Nap h th a  and  Wood  Naphtha.  A  limpid,  colourless 
liquid,  having  a  peculiar  penetrating  and  slightly 
empyreumatic  odour.  Its  density  in  the  liquid 
state  is  almost  the  same  as  that  of  alcohol, 
0.7952 1 .  Its  taste  is  disagreeable,  and  analogous 
to  that  of  peppermint.  It  is  miscible  in  all  pro- 
portions with  water,  alcohol,  and  ether.  It  may 
be  prepared  by  distilling  a  mixture  of  two  parts 
of  crystallized  acetate  of  lead  and  one  part  of 
quicklime  in  a  salt-glaze  jar  (gray-beard),  the 
lower  part  of  the  jar  being  coated  with  fire-clay: 
and  a  bent  glass  tube,  half  an  inch  in  diameter, 
adapted  to  the  mouth  by  a  cork,  so  as  to  form  a 
distillatory  apparatus.  The  jar  is  supported  on 
the  mouth  of  a  small  furnace,  by  which  the 
lower  part  only  is  heated  to  redness,  and  the 
vapours  are  conducted  into  a  Liebig's  conden- 
ser. The  product  is  repeatedly  redistilled  from 
quicklime,  until  its  boiling  point  is  constant  at 
132=. 

It  has  been  brought  forward,  of  late,  as  a  re- 
medy in  phthisis  pulmonalis;  but  evidently  with 
unfounded  pretensions.  It  is  an  excitant,  and 
may  he  serviceable  in  chronic  bronchitis.  The 
dose  is  ten  to  forty  drops  three  times  a  day,  di- 
luted with  water. 

ACETOSA  NOSTRAS,  Rumex  acetosa— a. 
Pratensis,  Rumex  acetosa — a.  Romana,  Rumex 
scutatns — a.  Rotundifolia,  Rumex  scutatus — a. 
Vulgaris,  Rumex  acetosa. 
ACETOSELLA,  Oxalis  acetosella. 
ACE'TUM,  <>'ivc,  Oxys,  Ace'tum  Vini,  Com- 
mon Vinegar,  Acidum  aceto'sum ,  A'legar,  Ace'- 
tum Ci irris'ix,  (F. )  Vinaigre;  from  «*/c,  'a 
point,'  ac.c.r,  'sharp.'  A  liquor  obtained  by  the 
acetous  fermentation.  Vinegar  has  a  pungent 
odour,  and  a  pleasant  acid  taste.  One  fluid 
ounce  of  the  aceluin  of  the  United  States  Phar- 
macopoeia is  saturated  by  about  35  grains  of 


crystallized  bicarbonate  of  soda.  It  is  refrige- 
rant in  fevers;  antiseptic,  and  anti-narcotic;  and 
externally  is  stimulant  and  discutient. 

Ace'tvm  Aromat'icum,  Acidum  Ace'ticum 
Aromat'icum,  Ace'tvm  Theriacale',  Thieves'  Vi~ 
negar,  Vinegar  of  the  four  Thieves,  Marseilles 
Vinegar,  (F.)  Vinaigre  Aromalique,  V.  des  qua- 
tre  voleurs,  (Rorismarin  cacum.  sice,  Fol.  Sal- 
via? sing.  3J.  Lavand.  for.  sice.  giv.  Caryoph. 
cont.  gss.  Acid.  Acet.  Oij.  Macerate  7  days,  and 
filter.  Ph.  E.)  Odour  pungent  and  aromatic. 
Used  as  a  perfume. 

Ace'tum  Canthar'idis,  Vinegar  of  Cant  ha- 
rides,  (Cantharid.  in  pulv.  giij.  Acid,  acet.f.^v., 
Acid,  pyrolign.  f.  ^xv:  Euphorb.  in  pulv.  crass, 
^ss.  Mix  the  acids;  add  the  powders;  macerate 
for  seven  days;  strain,  express  strongly,  and 
filter  the  liquor.— Ph.  E.  _The  London  Col- 
lege macerates  cantharid.  §ij  in  acid.  acet.  Oj 
for  eight  days;  expresses  and  strains)  It  is 
used  as  a  prompt  vesicant. 

Ace'tum  Col'chici,  Vinegar  of  meadow  saf- 
fron. (Colchic.  rad.  contus.  v^ij;  Acet.  destillat. 
Oij;  Alcohol,  f.  gj:  Ph.  U.  S.  It  may  also  be 
made  by  displacement.)  It  is  used  as  a  diuretic, 
and  also  in  gout.     Dose  f.  gss  to  ziss. 

Acetum  Destillatum:  see  Aceticum  acidum 
— a.  Lignorum:  see  Aceticum  acidum  — a.  Mul- 
sum  dulce,  Oxyglycus — a.  Opii,  Guttas  Nigras 
— a.  Radicale,  Aceticum  Acidum. 

Ace'tum  Scill^:,  Acidum  Ace'ticum  Scillit'- 
icum.  Vinegar  of  Squills,  Vinaigre  scillitiqve. 
(Scilla  contus.  §i  v;  Acet.  destillat.  Oij;  Alcohol  f,j. 
Ph.  U  S.  It  may  also  be  made  by  displacement.) 
Diuretic,  expectorant,  and  emetic.  Dose  f.  gss 
to  ^ij  as  a  diuretic  and  expectorant. 

Acetum  Theriacale,  Acetum  aromaticum. 
ACEYTE  DE   SAL.     A   remedy  for  bron- 
chocele  used  in  S.  America.    Roulin  found  it  to 
contain  a  portion  of  iodine. 

ACHACANA.  A  species  of  cactus,  in  the 
province  of  Potosi  in  Peru.  Its  root  is  thick 
and  fleshy,  and  of  a  conical  shape.  It  is  a  good 
edible,  and  is  sold  in  the  markets  of  the 
country. 

ACHANACA.  A  plant  of  the  kingdom  of 
Mely  in  Africa.  It  is  used  by  the  natives  as  an 
antisyphilitic. 

ACHAOVAN,  a  species  of  Egyptian  chamo- 
mile.—  Prosper  Alpinus. 

ACHAOVAN-ABIAT.  TheEgyptian  nameof 
the  cineraria,  maritima,  used  in  female  diseases. 
ACHAR,  Atchar. 

ACHE,  Apiuin  graveolens — a.  des  Montagues, 
Ligusticum  levisticum. 

ACHEI'LIA,  from  «  priv.  and  ^e/^o?,  'lip.' 
A  malformation,  consisting  in. a  deficiency  of  a 
lip  or  lips. 

ACHEIR,  De'manus.  from  a  privative,  and 
££io,  hand.     One  devoid  of  hands. —  Galen. 
A'CHEROIS,  Populus. 

ACH1A,  Achifir.     A  name  given  in  India  to 
the  pickled  shoots  of  the  bamboo. 
Achia,  Atchar. 
ACHIAR,  Achia. 

ACHIC'OEUM,  Achit'olus.  Hidrote'rion,  Su- 
da'rium,  Fornix,  Thobis,  Sudalo'rium.  The 
sweating-room  in  the  ancient  bagnios. 

A  C  H  ILLE'A  A  G  E'  R  AT  (J  M,  Balsami'ta  /«- 
min'ca.Eupnto'riinn  mt.s'vf.3,  Agt'ratum,  Cos' t as 
horto'rum  minor.  Maudlin,  Maudlin  Tuiory.  (F.) 
Aehiltee  Visqueuse.  Nat  Ord.  Composite.  Sub. 
Ord.  AnthemidesB      Sex.  SyM.  Syngenesia  Po- 


ACHILLEA 


18 


ACIDS 


lygamia  superflua.  Has  the  same  properties  as 
tansey,  bitter  and  aromatic,  and  is  used  in  like 
affections. 

AcHii.t.B'A  Atra'ta,  Herba  Gen'ipi  vcri,  (F.) 
Achdlee  Noire,  has  similar  virtues. 

Aciiillf/a  Millefolium,  Achille'a  Myrio- 
phijl'lon,  Cltrysoc'oma,  Millefo'lium,  Chiliophyt- 
Ion,  Lumbus  Ven'eris, Milita'ris herba,  Strutiv'tes, 
Carpentaria,  Spec'ulum  Ven'eris,  Common  Yar- 
row or  Milfoil.  (F.)  Millefeuilte.  The  leaves 
and  flowers  have  an  aromatic  smell,  and  a 
rough,  bitterish, somewhat  pungent  taste.  They 
have  been  used  in  dyspepsia,  flatulence,  &.c. 

Achille'a  Ptak'mica,  Pseudo  pyfrelhrum, 
Py'relhram  sylces'tre,  Draco  syhes'tris,  Tarchon 
sylves'tris,  Slernutamento'ria,  Draciin' cuius  Pra- 
ten'sis.  Sneeze-wort,  Bastard  Pel'litory,  Plar'ini- 
ca.  (F.)  Herbe  a  ttesrnv.tr.  The  roots  and  flow- 
ers have  a  hot,  biting  taste,  approaching  that  of 
pyrethrum.  Their  principal  use  is  as  a  masti- 
catory and  sialogogue. 

JICHILLEE  NOIRE,  Achillea  atrata— a.  Vis- 
queuse,  Achillea  ageratum. 

ACHILLE'lS,  a  beautiful  species  of  barley, 
mentioned  by  Theophrastus  and  Galen,  called 
after  Achilles,  a  labourer.  The  decoction  was 
used  in  fevers  and  jaundice. —  Hippocrates. 

AGHIL'LIS  TEN  DO,  Funis  Hippoc'ratis, 
Corda  Hippoc'ratis,  Corda  magna,  Nervus 
lat.us,  (F.)  Tendon  d'Achille.  The  strong  tendon 
of  the  gastrocnemii  muscles  above  the  heel:  so 
called,  because  it  was  the  only  vulnerable  part 
of  Achilles,  or  because  of  its  strength.  See 
Tendon. 

ACHIMBASSI.     An    archiater  or  chief  of 
physicians.     A  name  given..at  Grand  Cairo,  to 
a  magistrate  who  licenses  physicians. 
ACHITOLUS,  Aehicolum. 
ACHLYS,  Caligo. 
ACHMELLA,  Spilanthus  acmella. 
ACI1NE.    Lint.    See  Linteum.    Also,  small 
mucous  flocculi  seen  in  front  of  the  cornea. — 
Hippocrates. 

A'CHOLUS,   from    a   privative,   and    /oXy, 
'bile.'     One  deficient  in  bile. 
ACHOR,  Porrigo  larvalis. 
ACHO'RES.    A  term  often  employed  by  the 
ancients  to  designate  both  the  crusla  lad  tea,  and 
small  superficial  ulcerations  on  the  skin  of  the 
face  and  head.     See  Porrigo  Larvalis. 
Achorks  Capitis,  Porrigo  scutulata. 
ACHORIS'TOS,from  a  priv.,and  zwQitu,  '  I 
separate.'    Any  sign  which  necessarily  accom- 
panies a  state  of  health  or  disease. 

ACHOLJROU.  The  Caraib  name  for  a  spe- 
cies of  myrtle  used  in  dropsy. 

ACHRAS  S  A  POT  A.  El  A'ispero.  A  very 
abundant  tree  in  South  America,  the  fruit  of 
which  is  excellent.  It  is  astringent.  The 
leaves  are  likewise  astringent.  The  seeds  are 
aperient  and  diuretic.  It  belongs  to  the  family 
Sapotete.     Sex.  Syst.  Hexandria  Monogynia. 

ACHROI,  from  a  privative,  and  xqmua,  'co- 
lour.' Pale  individuals.  —  Hippocrates.  It  is 
nearly  synonymous  with  ItKpaifiot,  persons 
without  colour,  bloodless. 

ACHROMAT'lC,  Achromat'icus;  same  ety- 
mon. A  lens  so  constructed  as  to  correct  the 
aberration  of  refrangibility  of  common  lenses. 
The  Crystalline  is  an  achromatic  lens. 

AC  hi  ROM  ATO  P'SI  A,  Chromatopseudop'sia, 
Chromatometablep'sia,  Colour  blindness,  Idi- 
op'tcy,  Dal'lonistn,  from  a  privative, XQWfia,  'co- 


lour '  and  onronai,  '  I  see.'  Incapability  of  dis- 
tinguishing colours.  A  defect  situate  in  the 
cerebral  part  of  the  visual  organ.  See  Acyano- 
blepsia. 

ACHYRODES.  Acerosus. 
ACHYRON,  Furfur. 

ACIA,  from  axis,  a  point.  A  word  used  by 
Celsus,  which  has  puzzled  commentators;  some 
believing  it  to  have  meant  a  needle;  others  the 
thread;  and  others,  again,  the  kind  of  suture. 
"Ada  mollis,  non  nimis  torta."— Celsus,  Galen. 
(Chifflet  thinks  it  meant  the  thread,  Antwerp, 
I63H  >  „„      . 

ACID,  ACETOUS,  STRONG,  Aceticum 
acidum— a  Aerial,  Carbonic  acid— a.  Antimo- 
niotis,  Antimonium  diaphoret.icum — a.  Arseni- 
ous,  Arsenicum  album— a  Azotic,  Nitric  acid 
—a.  Benzoic,  Benjamin,  flowers  ol— a.  Boric, 
Boracic  acid  — a.  Calcareous,  Carbonic  acid— a. 
Carbonaceous,  Carbonic  acid— a.  Carbonous, 
Oxalic  acid— a  Cyanhydric,  Hydrocyanic  acid 
—a.  Cyanohydric,  Hydrocyanic  acid— a.  Gas- 
tric, Gastric  juice. 

Acjd,  Gallic,  Ad'idum  Gafficum.  This  acid 
is  found  in  most  of  the  astringent  plants  that 
contain  tannic  acid  of  the  kind  obtained  from 
galls,  it  is  in  delicate  silky  needles,  usually 
somewhat  yellowish,  inodorous,  and  of  a  harsh, 
somewhat  astringent  taste.  It  dissolves  in  one 
hundred  parts  of'cold  and  tlnee  parts  of  boiling 
water.  It  is  very  soluble  in  alcohol,  and  but 
slightly  so  in  ether. 

It  has  been  highly  extolled  in  internal  he- 
morrhage, especially  from  the  urinary  organs 
and  uterus 

Its  do?e  is  from  ten  to  twenty  grains. 
Acid,  Hip'puric,  Atf'idum  Hippv'ricum,  Uro- 
ben' zoic  acid.  An  acid  found  in  the  urine  ot  gra- 
minivorous animals.  It  is  contained  in  human 
urine,  especially  after  benzoic  acid  has"  been 
taken. 

Acid,  Hydui'othc,  /tc'idum  Bydriod'icum. 
This  acid  is  made  by  mixing  solutions  of  iodide 
of  potassium  and  tartaric  acid;  filtering  the  li- 
quor to  separate  the  bitartrate  of  potassa,  arid 
addinar  water  to  make  the  resulting  hydiiodic 
acid  of  definite  strength. 

It  has  been  used  in  the  same  cases  as  the 
preparations  of  iodine  in  general,  but  is  rarely 
employed 

Aciu,  Hvdrockloronitric,  Nitro  muriatic 
acid — a.  Hydrocyanic,  Hydrocyanic  acid — a. 
Igasuric:  see  Jatropha  curcas — a.  of  Lemons, 
Citric  acid — a.  Lithic,  Uric  acid — a.  Dephlogis- 
licated  marine,  Chlorine — a.  Mephitic,  Carbonic 
acid — a.  of  Milk.  Lactic  acid — a.  Muriatic,  see 
Muriaticum  acidum  —  a  Nitric,  see  Nitric  acid 
— a.  Nitro  hydrochloric,  Nitro  muriatic  acid. — 
a.  Nitro-Muiialic,  see  Nitro-Murialic  Acid — a. 
Nitrous  dephlogisticaled,  Nitric  acid — a.  Oxy- 
septonic,  Nitric  acid — a.  Polygalie;  see  Poly- 
gala  senega — a.  Prussic,  Hydrocyanic  acid — a. 
Pyroligneous:  see  Aceticum  acidum — a.  Py- 
rolignic,  Pyroligneous  acid — a  of  Sorrel,  Ox- 
alic acid — a  of  Sugar,  Oxalic  acid — a.  Sulphu- 
ric, see   Sulphuric  acid — a.  Uric,  Uric  acid a. 

Urobenzoic,  a.  Hippurie. 
ACIDE  AClTiqilE  FAIBLE,  see  Aceticum 

acidum— a.   Sulphnrevx,    Sulphurous   acid «. 

Sulfuiique   detuye,  Sulphuricum    acidum    dilu- 
tum. 

ACIDS,  Ac"ida,Aco'res,  from  axic,  'a  point  ' 
genitive  «x«5os.     Any  liquid,  solid  or  gaseous 


ACIDITIES 


19 


ACNE 


body,  possessed  of  a  sour,  more  or  less  caustic 
taste,  and  the  principal  character  of  which  is 
the  capability  of  saturating,  wholly  or  in  part, 
the  alkaline  properties  of  liases. 

Acids,  in  general,  are  refrigerant  and  anti- 
septic. Their  particular  uses  are  pointed  out 
under  the  individual  articles. 

ACID'ITIES,  Aco'res,  Acidita'lio,  Ac"idum 
morbo'sitm,  Ac'idum  prima'rum  via'rvm,  (F.) 
Aigrcurs.  Sourness  of  the  stomach,  the  result 
of  indigestion,  indicated  by  acid  eructations, 
&c.  The  affection  is  very  common  in  children, 
and  must  be  obviated  by  absorbents,  as  magne- 
sia, chalk,  &c,  and  by  regulated  diet. 

To  ACID'ULATE."  To  render  acidulous,  or 
slightly  acid.      (F.)  Aigaiser,  Aciduler. 

ACID'ULOVS,  Aeid'ulus,  Oxu'des.  (F.)  Acid- 
ti/e,  Aigrc,  Aigrelit.  Substances  are  called  acid- 
ulous, which  possess  a  sourish  taste,  as  tama- 
rinds, cream  of  tartar,  &c. 

Acidulous  Fruits, Oranges, gooseberries, &e. 

Acidulous  Waters,  Aquce  acid'ulte.  Mineral 
waters  containing  carbonic  acid  gas  sufficient 
to  render  them  sourish.     See  Waters,  Mineral. 

Simple  Acidulous  Water,  Aqua  Ac"idi 
Carbon' ici,  (Ph.  U.  S  .)  Aqua  a/eris  fixi,  A'qua 
acid'ula  simplex.  (F.)  Eau  Acidule  simple,  is 
water  impregnated  with  fixed  air. 

Water,  so  impregnated,  is  cooling,  and  slight- 
ly stimulating.  Jtis  used  beneficially  in  dys- 
pepsia, and  in  cases  of  vomitinc,  &c. 

ACIDUM  ACETICUM,  Aceticum  acidum— 
a.  Aceticum  aromaticum,  Acetum  aromnticum 
—  a.  Aceticum  camphoratum:  see  Aceticum  aci- 
dum— a.  Aceticum  empyreumaticum,  Pyrolig- 
neous  acid — a.  Aceticum  Scilliticum,  Acetum 
scillse — a.  Acetosellae,  Oxalic  acid — a.  Aceto- 
sum,  Acetum — a.  Allantoicum,  Allantoic  acid 
— a.  Amnicum,  Amniotic  acid — a.  Arsenico- 
sum,  Arsenious  acid — a.  Arseniosnm,  (Ph.  U. 
S  )  Arsenious  acid — a.  Azoticum,  Nitric  acid — 
a.  Benzoicurn,  Benjamin,  Flowers  of — a.  Bo- 
racicum,  Boracic  acid — a.  Borussicum,  Hydro- 
cyanic acid — a.  Carbonicum,  Carbonic  acid — 
a.  Citricum,  Citric  acid — a.  Gallicum,  Acid 
Gallic — a.  Hydriodicnin,  Acid  hydriodic — a. 
Hydrocarbonicum,  Oxalic  acid — >a.  Hydrochlo- 
ricum,  Muriaticum  acidum — a.  Hydrocyani- 
cum,  Hydrocyanic  acid — a.  Hydrothionicum 
liquidum,  see  Hydrosulphuretted  water — a  Ja- 
trnphicurn,  see  Jatropha  curcas — a.  Lacticum, 
Lactic  acid — a.  Ligneum,  Pyroligneous  acid — 
a.  Ligni  pyro-oleosuni,  Pyroligneous  acid — a. 
Lilhicum,  Uricacid — a.  Marinumconcentratum, 
Muriaticum  acidum — a.  Morbosum,  Acidities 
— a.  Muriaticum,  Muriaticum  acidum — a.  Mu- 
riaticum nitroso-oxygenaturn,  Nitro-muriatic 
acid — a  Nitri,  Nitric  acid  — a.  Nitricum,  Ni- 
tric acid — a.  Nitro-Muriaticum,  Nitro-muriatic 
acid — a.  Oxalinum.  Oxalic  acid — a.  Phosphori- 
cum,  Phosphoric  acid — a.  Primarum  viarum, 
Acidities — a.  Prussicum,  Hydrocyanic  acid — a. 
Pyro-acelicum,  Pyroligneous  acid — a.  Querci- 
tannicum,  Tannin — a.  Sacchari,  Oxalic  acid 
— a.  Saccharinum,  Oxalic  acid — a  Salis,  Mu- 
riaticum acidum  —  a.  Salis  culinaris,  Muriati- 
cum acidum — a  Salis  marini,  Muriaticum  aci- 
dum— a.  Septicum,  Nitric  acid — a.  Succini- 
cum,  Succinic  acid — a.  Sulph  uric  urn.  Sulphuric 
acid — a.  Sulphuricum  alcoolisatum,  Elixir  aci- 
dum flalleri  — a.  Sulphuricum  aromaticum,  Sul- 
phuric acid,  aromatic  —  a.  Sulphuricum  dilu- 
tum,  Sulphuric  acid,  diluted — a.  Sulphuris  vo- 


latile, Sulphurous  acid — a.  Sulphurosicum,  Sul- 
phurous acid — a.  Tannic um,  Tannin — a  Tartar! 
essentiale,  Tartaric  acid — a.  Tartaricum, Tarta- 
ric acid — a.  Tartarosum,  Tartaric  acid — a.  Uri- 
cum,  Uric  acid — a.  Vitriolicum,  Sulphuric  acid 
— a.  Vitriolicum  aromaticum,  Sulphuricum  aci- 
dum aromaticum — a.  Vitriolicum  alcohole  aro- 
maticum, Sulphuricum  acidum  aromat. — a.  Vi- 
triolicum vinosum,  Elixir  acidum  Halleri — a. 
Zootieum,  Hydrocyanic  acid — a.  Zootinicum, 
Hyamcyanic  acid. 

ACIDURGIA,  Surgery,  (operative.) 

ACIER,  Chalybs. 

ACIES,  Chalybs — a.  Digitorum  manus,  Pha- 
langes of  the  fingers — a   Oiurna,  Hemeralopia. 

ACIES1S,   Sterilitas. 

ACIN  E'SI A,  Acine'sis,  Akine'sia,  Jmmobil'itas, 
Quits,  Esych'ia,  Ertm'iu,  from  «  privative,  and 
annate,  'motion'  (xntu,  'I move.')  Immobility. 
Also,  the  interval  between  the  systole  and 
diastole  of  the  heart. 

Under  tile  term  Acineses.  Remberg  includes 
the  paralytic  neuroses,— or  those  that  are  cha- 
racterized by  defect  of  motive  power. 

ACINI  OF  MA LPIGHI, Corpora  Malpighiana. 

ACINIFORMIS,  (TUNICA.)  Choroid,  Urea. 

AC"  I NU  S,  Ac"inus  gland  ulo'sus,  from  ac"inus, 
'  a  grape-stone.'  A  glandiform  corpuscle  or  gran- 
ulation. A  fancied  termination  of  a  secretory 
artery  of  a  gland  in  a  granular  bod}',  in  which 
the  secretion  is  supposed  to  take  place,  and  the 
excretory  radicle  to  take  its  rise.  Acini  are 
the  glob'uli  arteria'mm  ter' 'mini  of  Nichols. 
The  term  acini  gland ulosi  has  also  been  given 
to  glands,  which, like  the  pancreas,  are  arranged 
as  it  were  in  clusters.     See  Lobule. 

ACLE1TROCARDIA,  Cyanopathy. 

ACMAS'TICOS,  from  ax^,  'the  top,'  and 
a-rav>,  'I  remain.'  A  fever  which  preserves  an 
equal  degree  of  intensity  throughout  its  course. 
It  is  also  called  Homot'onos.  The  Greeks  gave 
it  the  name  of  Eparmas'ticos,  and  Syn'ochos, 
when  it  went  on  increasing, — and  Ear acinus' ti- 
cos,  when  it  decreased. — Galen. 

ACME,  Vigor,  Status,  Eustig"ium.  The  pe- 
riod of  a  disease  at  which  the  symptoms  are 
most  violent.  Aq/ij,  is  'the  commencement;' 
urafiaric,  'the  period  of  increase;'  and  a*,ut;, 
'the  heiffht.' 

ACMON,  Incus. 

ACNE,  Actio,  Ion' thus  varus.  Varus,  Psydra'- 
cia  Acne,  Stone  Pork,  Whelk,  Bubucle.  (F.)  Dartre 
pustuleusr,  dissemin&e.  A  small  pimple  or  tu- 
bercle on  the  face. —  Gorraeus.  Foesius  thinks 
the  word  ought  to  be  Acme,  and,  according  to 
Cassius,  it  is,  at  all  events,  derived  from  axiirj, 
'vigour;'  the  disease  affecting  those  in  the 
vigour  of  life,  especially. 

Willan  and  Bateman  have  adopted  the  term 
in  their  Nosology  of  cutaneous  diseases,  and 
placed  it  in  the  Older,  Titbercula.  Acne, 
with  them,  is  an  eruption  of  distinct,  hard,  in- 
flamed tubercles,  sometimes  continuing  for  a 
considerable  length  of  time,  and  sometimes 
suppurating  slowly  and  partially.  They  usually 
appear  on  the  forehead,  temples,  and  chin  ;  and 
are  common  to  both  sexes  ;  but  the  most  severe 
forms  are  seen  in  young  men.  They  require 
but  little  management, and  consist  of  four  varie- 
ties; Acne  indura'tu,  A  simplex,  A  puncta'ta 
(Ion' thus  Burns  punclu'tus,  Punrtas  muco'sa,  Co- 
medones or  Maggot  Pimple,)  and  A.  rosa'cea. — 
See  Gutta  Rosea. 


ACNESTIS 


20 


ACRASIA 


Acne  Rosacea,  Gutta  rosea. 

ACNES'TIS,  from  a  privative,  and  xvastv,  '  to 
scratch.'  The  part  of  the  spine  which  extends, 
in  quadrupeds,  from  between  the  shoulders  to 
the  loins.  According  to  Pollux,  the  middle  of 
the  loins. 

ACNESTOS,  Cneorum  tricoccum. 

ACCE'LIOS,  from  a  privative,  and  y.oilia, 
'belly.'  Devoid  of  belly.  One  who  is  so  ema- 
ciated as  to  appear  to  have  no  belly. — Galen. 

ACOESIS,  Audition. 

ACOLASIA,  Intemperance. 

ACOLOGY,  Materia  Medica. 

ACONE,  Mortar. 

ACOJYIT  a  GRANDS  FLEURS,  Aconitum 
cammarum — a.  Salutaire,  Aconitum  anthora. 

ACONITE,  Aconitum. 

ACONITIA,  See  Aconitum  napellus. 

ACON1T1NE,  see  Aconitum  napellus. 

ACONI'TUM,  from  Ac' one,  a  place  in  Bithy- 
nia,  where  it  is  common.  Cijnoc'tonon,  Cani- 
ci'da,  Ac'onite,  Wolfsbane,  Monkshood.  Nat.  Ord. 
Ranunculaceae.  Sex.  Syst.  Polyandria  Trigynia. 

Aconitum,  Aconite,  in  the  Pharmacopoeia  of 
the  United  States  is  the  leaves  of  Aconitum 
JNapellus,  and  of  A    paniculatum. 

Aconi'tum  An'thora.  Aconi'tum  Salutif'e- 
rum,,  An'lhora  vulgaris,  Antith'ora,  Sal'utary 
Monks' hood.  (F.)  A conit  salutaire.  The  root  of 
this  variety,  like  all  the  rest,  is  poisonous.  It  is 
used   as  a  cathartic    and    anthelmintic.     Dose 

9sst09J- 

Aconi'tum  Cam'marum.  A.  panicula'tum  (F.) 
Aconit    a  grands  fleurs,  resembles  Aconitum  ' 
JNapellus  in  properties. 

Aconi'tum  Napel'lus,  Napellus  verus,  Aco-  • 
ni'tum,  Common  Monkshood  br  Wolfsbane,  A. ' 
JYeomonta'num.  (F.)  Chaperon  de  Maine.  The 
leaves  are  narcotic,  sudorific, and  deobstruent  (?) 
They  have  been  used  in  chronic  rheumatism, 
scrofula,  scirrhus,  paralysis,  amaurosis, &c.  The 
active  principle  is  called  Aconit'ia  or  Aconitine. 
It  has  been  used  of  late,  applied  externally,  in 
neuralgic  cases,  iatraleptically  and  endermi- 
cally.     Dose  of  the  Aconitum,  gr.  j.  to  gr.  iij. 

ACONU'SI,froin  ay.oij,  'audition,'  and  rcuao?, 
'disease.'  Morbi  au'rium  et  audi'lus.  Diseases 
of  the  ears  and  audition. 

AC'OPIS.  Same  etymon  as  the  next.  Pliny 
gives  this  name  to  a  precious  stone,  which  was 
boiled  in  oil  and  used  against  weariness. 

AC'OPON,from  u  privative, and  yono;,'  wea- 
riness.' A  remedy  against  weariness  —Foesius, 
Gorraeus,  &c.  Acopum, — Celsus,  Pliny.  See 
Anagyris. 

ACOR  BENZOINUS.  Benjamin— a.  Boraci- 
cus,  Boracic  acid — a.  Succineus,  Succinic  acid 
— a.  Sulphuris,  Sulphuric  acid — a.  Tartaricus, 
Tartaric  acid.   A 

ACORE  BATARD,  Iris  pseudacorus — a. 
Faux,  Iris  pseudacorus — a.  Odorant,  Acorus 
calamus. 

ACORES,  Acids,  and  Acidities. 

ACOR'IA,  from  a  privative,  and  y.ooew,  'I 
satiate.'  An  inordinate  or  canine  appetite. — 
Hipporrates. 

ACORI'TES.  A  wine  made  of  Acorus  — 
Dioscorides, 

ACOR'MUS,  from  a  'privative,'  and  y.iopos, 
•trunk.'     A  monster  devoid  of  a  trunk. 

ACORN,  J  UP  ITER'S,  Fagus  castanea— a. 
Oily,  Guilandina  moringa— a.  Sardinian,  Fagus 
castanea. 


ACORNS.  See  Quercus  alba. 

ACORUS  ADULTERINUS,  Iris  pseudacorus. 


Sweetfiag  or  Ac'orus,  Flagroot,  Sweet  cane,  Altjr- 
tie  Flag,  Sweet  grass,  Sweet  root,  Sweet  rush.  ( H  .) 
.Tone  Roseau  ou  Canne  aromatique,  Acore  odo- 
rant. Nat.  Ord.  Aroida;  Acoracea?  (Lindley.) 
Sex.  Si/st.  Hexandria  AJonogynia.  1  he  rhi- 
zoma—  Cal'amus  (Ph.  U.  S.)— is  a  stomachic 
and  carminative,but  is  rarely  used.  It  is  regarded 
a  good  adjuvant  to  bark  and  quinia  in  inter- 
mittens. 

Ac'orus  PAi.usTRis.Iris  pseudacorus — a.  Vul- 
garis, Iris  pseudacorus. 

ACOS,  Medicament. 

ACOS'MIA,  from  «,  'privative,'  and  Koquoj, 
'order,  ornament.'  Disorder,  irregularity  in 
the  critical  days,  according  to  Galen,  who  uses 
the  word  xja-fia?  for  regularity  in  those  days. 
Others,  and  particularly  Pollux,  call  bald  per- 
sons uy.oo-fjt.oi,  because  they  are  deprived  of  one 
of  their  most  beautiful  ornaments. 

ACOUM'ETER,  Acouoni'eter,  from  axouoi, 
"I  hear,' and  ^uErof.v, 'measure.'  An  instrument 
designed  by  ltard  for  measuring  the  degree  of 
hearing. 

ACOUOPHO'NI  A,  Copho'nia;  from  ukovw,  '  I 
hear,'  and  tpwvij,  'voice,'  "  Auscultatory  Percus- 
sion." A  mode  of  auscultation,  in  which  the  ob- 
server places  his  ear  on  the  chest,  and  analyzes 
the  sound  produced  by  percussion. — Donne. 

ACOUS'MA,  an  imaginary  noise.  Depraved 
sense  of  hearing. 

ACOUS'TIC,  Acus'licus,  that  which  belongs 
to  the  ear;  as  Acoustic  nerve,Acoustic  trumpet,  &c. 

Acoustic  Medicine  is  one  used  in  diseased 
audition. 

Acous'tics,  Acus'tica,  (F.)  Acoustique.  The 
part  of  physics  which  treats  of  the  theory  of 
sounds.    It  is  also  called  Phonics. 

ACOUSTIQUE,  Acoustics. 

ACQUA  BlNELLI,AquaBinellii— a.  di  Na- 
poli,  Liquor  arsenicalis — a. dellaToffana,  Liquor 
arsenicalis. 

ACQUETTA,  Liquor  arsenicalis. 

ACQU1,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  These 
thermal  sulphureous  springs  are  in  Pieinont. 
Their  temperature  is  1(>7°  Fahr.;  and  they  con- 
lain  sulphohydric  acid,  and  chloride  of  sodium. 

ACQUIRED  DISEASES,  Morbi  acquisi'ti, 
Adventitious  diseases,  M.Adventi'tii.  (F.)  Maladies 
acquises.  Diseases  which  occur  after  birth,  and 
which  are  not  dependent  upon  hereditary  pre- 
disposition. 

ACRAI'PALA,  from  a  'privative,'  and  xnui- 
nah],  'drunkenness,'  Remedies  against  the 
effects  of  a  debauch. — Gorraeus. 

ACRA'LEA,  from  axooc,  'extremity.'  The 
extreme  parts  of  the  body,  as  the  head,  hands, 
feet,  nose,  ears,  &c. — Hippocrates  and  Galen. 
See  Acrea. 

ACRA'NIA,  from  a  privative,  and  xactviov 
'the  cranium.'  Want  of  cranium,  wholly,  or 
in  part. 

ACRAS  SAPOTA,Sapota. 
ACR.VSIA.  from  a  privative,  or  'bad,'  and 
y.oaa-iQ,  'mixture.'     Intemperance.     Excess  of 
any  kind. — Hippocrates. 

It  has  been  employed  to  denote  debility,  sy- 
nonymously with  Acrutia  ;  but  this  mav  have 
been  a  typographical  inaccuracy. 


ACRAT1A 


21 


ACT^A  RACEMOSA 


ACRATI'A,  from  a  privative,  and  tncnog, 
'strength.'     Impotence;  weakness. 

ACRATIS'MA,  from  «  privative,  and  xtQuv- 
Wfii,  *to  mix.'  A  breakfast,  consisting  of  bread 
steeped  in  wine,  not  mixed  with  water. — 
Galen,  Athenaaus. 

ACIIATOM'ELI,  from  clxqcctiv,  'pure  wine," 
and  uiXt, '  honey.'     Wine  mixed  with  honey. 

ACRATURE'SIS,  from  Acratia,  'weakness,' 
and  ouooi,  'urine.'  Inability  to  void  the  urine 
from  paralysis  of  the  bladder. 

ACRE.    The   extremity  or  tip  of  the  nose. 

A'CREA,  Acrote'ria, from  axoog, 'the  summit.' 
The  extreme  parts  of  the  body, as  thefeet, hands, 
nose,  cars,  iSsdc. 

Also  the  extreme  parts  of  animals  that  are 
used  as  food.     Acroco'lia. 

ACRID,  from  ukqoc,  'a  point  or  summit,'  or 
from  uxig,  'a  point,'  Acer.  An  epithet  for  sub- 
stances which  occasion  a  disagreeable  sense  of 
irritation  or  of  constriction  at  the  top  of  the 
throat. 

Acrid  heat,  (F.)  Chaleur  acre,  is  one  that 
causes  a  hot  tingling  sensation  at  the  extremi- 
ties of  the  fingers. 

Acrids,  in  Pathology,  are  certain  imaginary 
substances,  supposed,  by  the  humourists,  to 
exist  in  the  humours,  and  to  cause  various  dis- 
eases.    See  Acrimony. 

ACRIDOPH'AGI,  from  axoig,  'alocust,'  and 
yayw,  '1  eat.'  Locust-eaters.  Acridophagous 
tribes  are  said  to  exist  in  Africa. — Strabo. 

ACRIMONY,  Acu'itas,  Acrimo'nict,  from 
acer,  'acrid,'  axtg,  'a  point.'  Acrimony  of  the 
humours.  An  imaginary  acrid  change  of  the 
blood,  lymph,  &c  ,  which,  by  the  humourists, 
was  conceived  to  cause  many  diseases. 

ACRIN'IA,  from  a  privative,  and  xnn-ia,  'I 
separate.'  A  diminution  in  the  quantity,  or  a 
total  suspension,  of  the  secretions. 

ACRIS,  a  sharp  bony  prominence.  Also  the 
locust. 

ACRIS'IA,  from  a  privative,  and  xotrtg, 
'judgment.'  A  condition  of  disease,  in  which 
no  judgment  can  be  formed;  or  in  which  an 
unfavourable  opinion  must  be  given. — Hipp, 
and  Galen. 

ACRIT'ICAL,  Ac'ritos,  from  a  privative,  and 
xotric,  'judgment.'  That  which  takes  place 
without  any  crisis,  or  which  does  not  foretell  a 
crisis;  as  a  critical  symptom,  abscess,  &c. 

ACRITOS,  Acritical. 

ACRIVTOLA,  Tropoeolum  majus. 

ACROUYS'TIA,  Acropos' tkiu,  from  axoog, 
•top,'  and  (Juoi,  '  I  cover.'  The  extremity  of  the 
prepuce. —  Hippocrates.     Rufus. 

ACROGHEJR',  Acrocliir' ',  Acrocheir'on,  from 
(.v.o:c,  '  extremity,'  and  /si§,  '  the  hand.'  The 
fore  arm  and  hand.— Gorracus.    Also,  the  hand. 

ACHROCHOR'DON',  from  nxqtg, « extremi- 
ty,' and  rogflij,  'a  string.'  A  tumour,  which 
hangs  by  a  pedicle.  A  kind  of  hard  wart. — 
Actios,  Celsus. 

ACIIROCHORIS'MUS,  from  uxnoc,  '  extre- 
mity,'  nnd  xoqtvot,  '  I  dance.'  A  kind  of  dance, 
with  the  ancients,  in  which  the  arms  and  legs 
were  violently  agitated. 

ACROCOUA,  Acren. 

\(  HOD'RYA,  from  socgo;,  '  extremity.'  and 
S^vst  'a  tree.'  Autumnal  fruits,  as  nuts,  ap- 
ples,   tCvC. 

ACRODYiVIA,    Enjthe'ma   acrodijnum,    E. 


acrodyn'ia.  (F.)  Acrodynie,  from  ax^og,  'ex- 
tremity,' and  00W17,  '  pain.'  A  painful  affection 
of  the  wrists  and  ankles  especially,  which  ap- 
peared at  Paris  as  an  epidemic,  in  1828  and 
1829.  It  was  supposed  by  some  to  be  rheuma- 
tic, by  others  to  be  owing  to  spinal  irritation. 

ACROLENION,  Olecranon. 

ACRO'MIAL,  Acromia'lis.  Relating  to  the 
Acromion,  (q.  v.) 

Acromial  Artery,  External  Scap'ular,  A. 
Arte'ria  Tkorac"ica  humera'lis,  Artere  troisihnc 
des  T/ioracirjues, — fCh.)  A.  Thoracique  humirak, 
arises  from  the  anterior  part  of  the  axillary  ar- 
tery, opposite  the  upper  edge  of  the  pectoralis 
minor.  It  divides  into  two  branches:  one,  su- 
pcrior;  the  other,  inferior:  the  branches  of 
which  are  distributed  to  the  subclavius,  serra- 
tus  major  anticus,  first  intercostal,  deltoid,  and 
pectoralis  major  muscles,  as  well  as  to  the 
shoulder  joint,  &c.  They  anastomose  with 
the  superior  scapular,  thoracics,  and  the  cir- 
cumflex arteries. 

Acromial  Vein.  Has  the  same  arrangement 
as  the  artery. 

ACRO'MIO-CORACOIDEUS.  Belonging  to 
the  acromion  and  coracoid  process. 

The  triangular  ligament  between  the  acro- 
mion and  coracoid  process  of  the  scapula  is  so 
called. 

ACRO'MION,  Acro'mium,  from  axoog,  '  the 
top,'  and  wjuog,  'the  shoulder,'  Os  Acro'rnii, 
Hu'merus  summus,  Armus  summits,  Mucro-hu'- 
meri,  Rostrum  porci'num,  Caput  Scap'ula.  The 
process  which  terminates  the  spine  of  the  sca- 
pula, and  is  articulated  with  the  clavicle. 

ACROM'PHALON,  Acrompha'liun,  from 
axoog,  'the  top,'  and  ojwpulog,  'the  navel.'  The 
extremity  of  the  umbilical  cord,  which  remains 
attached  to  the  foetus  after  birth. 

ACROPOSTHIA,  Acrobystia. 

ACROPSI'LON,  from  ax^og,  'extremity,'  and 
xpiloc,  'naked.'  The  extremity  of  the  glans  penis. 

ACROS,  <*xgng, '  extremity,  top.'  The  strength 
of  the  Athletaa,  and  of  diseases:  the  promi- 
nences of  bones  :  the  extremities  of  the  fingers, 
»&c.    S$e  Acrocheir,  Acromion,  &c. 

ACROTERIA,  Acrea. 

ACROTERIAS'MUS,  from  ax^rrlQia,  '  the 
extremities;'  hence  uxncir^tatcn,' to  mutilate.' 
Amputation  of  the  extremities. 

ACROTHYM'ION,  from  axgog,  'top,'  and 
■Suitor,  '  thyme.'  A  kind  of  conical,  rugous, 
bloody  wart,  compared  by  Celsus  to  the  flower 
of  thyme. 

ACROT'ICA,  from  axoog,  'summit.'  Dis- 
eases affecting  the  excernent  functions  of  the 
external  surface  of  the  body. 

Pravity  of  the  fluids  or  emunctories  that  open 
on  the  external  surface  ;  without  fever  or  other 
internal  affection  as  a  necessary  accompani- 
ment. 

The  3d  order  of  the  class  Eccrit'ica  of  Good. 

ACROTISMUS,  Asphyxia. 

ACT,  Actus,  from  actum,  past  participle  of 
agere,  '  to  do,'  '  a  thing  done.'  The  effective 
exercise  of  a  power  or  faculty.  The  action  of 
an  agent.  Acte  is  used  by  the  French,  to  signi- 
fy the  public  discussion,  which  occurs  i:i  sup- 
porting a  thesis: — thus,  sontenir  i/n  Acte  avx 
Jlco/rs  do  Mfidccine,  is,  '  to  defend  a  Thesis  in 
the  Schools  of  Medici rte.' 

ACTJS'A  EACEMO'SA,  Cimidf'uga,  (Ph. 


ACTE 


22 


ADDUCTEUR 


U.  S.)  C.  racemo'sa  Macro' trys  racemo'sa. 
Bol'rophis  Strpenta'ria{?)  Serpentu'ria  nigra, 
Black  snakcroot,  Riehteeed,  Cohosh,  Squaw  rout, 
Ruttlewecd,  Black  Cohosh.   [T.)  Act ha grappes. 

SerperUaire  noire.  Nat.  Ord.  Ranunculacese.  Sex. 
Syst.  PolyandriaPentagynia.  A  common  plant 
in  the  United  States.  The  root  is  astringent; 
and,  according  to  Barton,  has  been  successfully 
used  in  the  form  of  decoction,  as  a  gargle  in 
putrid  sore  throat.  A  decoction  of  the  root 
cures  the  itch.  It  is  acronarcotic,  and  has 
been  used  in  rheumatism,  acute  and  chronic; 
chorea,  &.c.  .  . 

Act^'a  Spic a'ta,  Bancbcrry,  Herb  Christo- 
pher. A  perennial  herbaceous  European  plant, 
the  root  of  which  resembles  that  of  the  black 
hellebore.  The  root  is  cathartic,  and  sometimes 
emetic,  and  in  overdoses  may  produce  danger- 
ous consequences. 

Actxa  Americana,  of  which  there  are  two 
varieties,  A.  alba  and  A.  rubra,— while  and  red 
cohosh,  is  indigenous  in  the  United  States,  it 
has  the  same  properties  as  A.  spicata 

ACTE,  Sambucus. 

ACTE,  Act. 

ACTliE  a  GRAPPES,  Acta:a  racemosa. 

AC1IF,  Active. 

ACTION,  Actio,  Opera' t'o,  Energi'a,  Praxis: 
from  agere,  actum,  'to  act.'  Mode  in  which 
on<»  object  influences  another. 

The  animal  actions  are  those  that  occur  in 
the  animal  body :  the  vital,  those  that  are  seen 
in  bodies  endowed  with  life  :  the  physiological, 
those  of  a  healthy  character:  the  jmthtri.ogi.cal, 
or  morbific,  tlio.se"  that  occur  in  disease,  &c. 
The.  ancients  divided  the  physiological  actions 
into  vital,  animal,  natural,  sexual,  particular. 
general,  &e.     See  Function. 

ACTIVE,  same  etymon.  Drns't'cns.  Acti'vus, 
Sthen'ieus,  Hyprrsthr.n'icus.  (F.)  Actif.  This 
adjective  is  used,  in  Pathology,  to  convey  the 
idea  of  superabundant  energy  or  strength.  Ac- 
tire  symptoms,  e.  g.  are  those  of  excitement  In 
Therapeutics,  it  signifies  energetic :—  as,  an  ac- 
tive treatment.  The  French  use  the  expression 
Medecine  ugissantc,  in  contradistinction  to  M&- 
decine  rxpertnnte.  In  Physiology,  active  has  a 
similar  signification,  many  of  the  functions  be- 
ino-  divided  into  active  and  passive. 

ACTON.  A  village  near  London,  at  which 
there  is  a  purgative  mineral  spring,  like  that  at 
Epsom. 

ACTUAL.  Same  etymon  as  active.  That 
which  acts  immediately.  A  term  usually  re- 
stricted to  the  led  hot  iron,  or  to  heat  in  any 
form  ;  in  contradistinction  to  the  potential  or 
virtual,  which  is  applied  to  caustics  or  escharo- 

tics. 

ACTUA'RIUS.  Originally  a  title  of  dignity 
given  to  the  Bvzuntine  physicians. 

ACU1TAS,  Acrimony. 

ACULEUS  LIGNEUS,  Splinter. 

A'CUPUNCTURF,  Acupunctu'ra,  from  acus, 
'a  needle,'  and  punclu'ra,  'a  puncture.'  A 
surgical  operation,  much  in  use  amongst  the 
Chinese  and  Japanese,  which  consists  in  punc- 
turing parts  with  a  very  fine  needle.  It  has 
been  employed,  of  late  years,  in  obstinate  rheu- 
matic affections,  &c,  and  apparently  with  suc- 
cess. Acupuncture  is  likewise  a  mode  of  in- 
fanticide in  some  countries;  the  n.edle  being 
forced  into  the  brain  through  the  fontanelles, 
or  into  the  spinal  marrow,  &c. 


ACURGIA,  Surgery  (operative.) 

ACUS,  Needle-a.  Capitata     Pin-*,   lnva 
ginata.       See    Needle  -a.   Ophthalmic^      See 
Needle— a.   1'aracentica,   Trocar— a.  1  nquetra 
vulgaris,  Trocar— a.  Veneris,  Eryngium  cam- 
pestre. 

ACUS1S,  Audition. 

ACUSTICA,  Acoustics.  . 

A. CUTE,  Acu'tus,  ojuc,  {axis, '  a  point. )  (i1 .) 
Ai<ru.  A  disease  which,  with  a  certain  degree 
of  "severity,  has  a  rapid  progress,  and  short  du- 
ration.   Oxynose'ma,  Oxyn'osos,  Oxynu'sos. 

Diseases  were  formerly  subdivided  into  Mnr- 
bi  acutis' sirni,  very  acute,  or  those  which  last 
only  three  or  four  days  :  M.  suba  cutis' simi, 
which  continue  seven  days:  and  M.  subaa/ti, 
or  those  which  last  from  twenty  to  forty  days. 

The  antithesis  to  acute  is  chronic.  Acute, 
when  applied  to  pain,  sound,  cries,  &c,  means 
sharp. 

ACUTENACULUM,  Porte-aiguille 

ACYANOBLEP'SIA.from  a  privative,xiaio?, 
'blue,'  and  fiXiTta,  'I  see.'  Defective  vision, 
which  consists  in  incapability  of  distinguishing 
blue. — Gbthe. 

ACYES1S,  Sterilitas. 

ACYRUS,  Arnica  montana. 

ADACA.  The  Sphxran'tlius  hi'dicus,  a  Ma- 
labar plant,  which  is  acrid  and  aromatic. 

AD.EMONlA.  Anxietv. 

ADAKO'DIEN.  A  Malabar  plant  of  the 
family  Apocynea?,  used  in  that  country  in  dis- 
eases of  the  eyes. 

AD'ALI.  Lip'pia.  A  Malabar  plant,  which 
the  Orientals  regard  as  an  antidote  to  the  bite 
of  the  naja. 

ADAMAS,  Diamant. 

ADAMl'TA,  Adamitum.  A  very  hard,  white 
calculus. — Paracelsus. 

The  first  word  has  been  used  for  stone  in  the 
bladder:  the  second  for  litlr.asis  or  the  calcu- 
lous condition. 

ADAM'S  APPLE,  Pomum  Adami 

ADANSONIA  DIG  1  TATA.  Baobab. 

ADAR'CE,  Adar'cion,  Adar'cis.  A  concre- 
tion found  about  the  reeds  and  grass  in  the 
marshy  regions  of  Galatia.  and  hiding  them,  as 
it  were:  hence  the  name,  from  a  privative,  and 
dinxot,  'I  see.'  It  was  formerly  in  repute  for 
cleansing  the  skin  from  freckles,  <&c. 

ADARIGO.  Orpiment. 

ADARNECH,  Orpiment. 

ADARTICULATIO.  Arthrodia. 

ADDAD.  A  Numidian  plant.  Bitter  and 
poisonous. 

ADDEPHAG"IA,  Adephag"ia,  from  «<lh,v, 
'much,'  and  Qaynr,  'to  eat.'  Voraciousness. 
Galen  and  Hoffman  have  given  this  name  to 
voracious  appetite  in  children  affected  with 
worms.  Sauvagrs  refers  it  to  Bulimia.  Also, 
the  goddess  of  glutton?. 

ADDER'S  TONGUE.  OphiogWurn  vul- 
gatum. 

ADDITAMEN'TUM.  A  term  once  used  sy- 
nonymously with  Epiphysis,  q.  v.  It  is  now 
restricted  to  the  prolongations  of  two  cranial 
sutures,  the  lambdnidal  and  squamous. 

Aduitamentum  Coi.i.  Appendix  vermiformis 
Cffici — a.  Necatum,  Olecranon — a.  ad  Sacrolum- 
balem,  see  Sacrolumbalis — a.  Uncatum  ulna> 
Olecranon — a.  Ulnre,  Radius. 

ADDUCENS  0CUL1, Rectus  internus  ocnli 

ADDUCTEUR  DE  L'CEIL,  Rectus  internus 


ADDUCTION 


23 


ADEPS 


oculi — a.  du  gros  orteil,  Adductor  pollicis  pedis 
— a.  Premier  ou  moyen,  Adductor  longus  femo- 
ris — a.  du  pouce,  Adductor  pollicis  manus — a. 
Second  ou  petit,  Adductor  brevis — a.  Troisieme 
ou  grand.  Adductor  magnus. 

ADDUCTION,  Adduc'tio,  from  ad,  'to,'  and 
ducere,  '  to  draw.'  Parago'ge.  The  action  by 
which  parts  are  drawn  towards  the  axis  of  the 
body. 

The  muscles  which  execute  this  function 
are  called  Adduc/tors. 

ADDUCTOR  MED1I  DIGIT1  PEDIS,  Pos- 
terior medii  digiti  pedis — a.  Oculi,  Rectus  inter- 
nus  oculi. 

Adduc'tor  Metacar'pi  min'imi  DiG"iTr,  Me- 
tacar'peus,  Car'  po-  mctacar'  pcus  min'imi  dig"iti, 
is  situate  between  the  abductor  and  flexor,  next 
to  the  metacarpal  bone.  It  arises,  fleshy,  from 
the  unciform  process  of  the  os  unciforme,  and 
from  the  contiguous  part  of  the  annular  liga- 
ment of  the  wrist,  and  is  inserted,  tendinous 
and  fleshy,  into  the  fore-part  of  the  metacarpal 
bone  of  the  little  finger,  from  its  base  to  its  head 

Adduc'tor  Poi/licis  Manus,  A  Pollicis,  A. 
ad  min'imum  dig"itnm,  Metacar'po-pkolunga'us 
pol'licis — (Ch.)  (F.)  Adducteur  du  pouce.  A 
muscle  which  arises,  fleshy,  from  almost  the 
whole  length  of  the  metacarpal  bone  of  the 
middle  finger,  and  is  inserted  into  the  inner  part 
of  the  root  of  the  first  bone  of  the  thumb. 

Adpuc'tok  Poi/licis  Pedis,  Antilh'ennr,  Me- 
tatarsosuhphulangseus  pollicis. — (Ch.)  Torso- 
metatarsi  phalungien  du  pouce.  (F.)  Addwteur 
du  gros  orteil,  arises  by  a  long,  thin  tendon, 
from  the  under  part  of  the  os  calcis,  from  the 
os  cuboides,  os  cuneiforme  externum,  and  from 
the  root  of  the  metatarsal  bone  of  the  second 
toe.  It  is  divided  into  two  fleshy  portions,  and 
is  inserted  into  the  external  sesamoid  bone,  and 
root  of  the  metatarsal  bone  of  the  great  toe. 

Bichat  has  given  the  general  name,  Adduc'- 
tors,  to  those  of  the  interosseous  muscles  of  the 
hand  or  foot,  which  perforin  the  action  of  ad- 
duction. 

Adductor  Tertii  Digiti  Pedis,  Prior  tertii 
digiti  pedis. 

Adductors  of  the  thigh.  These  are  three 
in  number,  which  have,  by  some  anatomists, 
been  united  into  one  muscle — the  Triceps  Ad- 
duc'tor Fern' oris. 

I.  Adduc'tor  longus  fern' oris,  Adduc'tor  fem'- 
oris  primus,  Triceps  minor,  Pu' 'bio-femora  lis. — 
(Ch  )  (F.)  Premier  ou  moycnadducteur.  Arises 
by  a  strong  tendon  from  the  upper  and  fore 
part  of  the  os  pubis  and  ligament  of  the  sym- 
physis, at  the  inner  side  of  the  pectinalis.  It 
runs  downwards  and  outwards,  and  is  inserted 
by  a  broad,  flat  tendon,  into  the  middle  of  the 
linea  aspera. 

2.  Adduc'tor  breris,  A.  fern' oris  sccun'dus, 
Triceps  sccun'dus,  Sub-pubio-femora'lis. — (Ch.) 
(F.)  Second  ou  petit  Adducteur.  Arises  tendi- 
nous from  the  os  pubis,  at  the  side  of  its  sym- 
physis, below  and  behind  the  last  muscle.  It 
runs  obliquely  outwards,  and  is  inserted  by  a 
short,  flat  tendon  into  the  inner  and  upper  part 
of  the  linea  aspera,  from  a  little  below  the  tro- 
chanter minor  to  the  beginning  of  the  insertion 
of  the  adductor  longus. 

3.  Adduc'tor  magnus,  Adduc'tor  fern' oris  tcr'- 
tius  et  quartus.  Triceps  magnus,  Is'chio-femo- 
ra'lis — (Ch.)  (F.)  Troisieme  ou  grand  adduc- 
teur, is  much  larger  than  either  of  the  others. 


It  arises  from  the  ramus  of  the  pubis,  from  that 
of  the  ischium,  and  from  Ihe  tuber  ischii,  and 
is  inserted  into  the  whole  length  of  the  linea 
aspera.  Near  the  lower  part  of  the  linea  aspera 
it  is  pierced  by  a  kind  of  oblique,  fibrous  canal, 
through  which  the  crural  artery  and  vein  pass. 

ADEC.    The  inner  man. — Paracelsus. 

ADECTA,  Sedatives. 

ADELIPARIA,  Polysarcia. 

ADELODAGAM.  A  bitter  Malabar  plant, 
used  in  asthma,  catarrh,  and  gout. 

ADELPHIA.  see  Adelphixia. 

ADELFHIX'IA,  Adelphiafis;  from  aiiXyoq, 
'brother.'  Consanguinity  of  parts  in  health  or 
disease.  Frater'nit.us,  Fratra'tio.  Hippocrates 
used  the  epithet  Adetphia,  for  diseases  that  re- 
semble each  other 

ADELPHIX1S,  Sympathy. 

ADEN,  adtjv,  'a  gland;'  hence  Adenalgia, 
Adeniform,  &c. —  See  Gland. 

ADENAL'GIA,  from  aStjv,  'a  gland,'  and 
aXyoc.  '  pain.'     Glandular  pain. 

ADENEMPHRAX'IS,  from  adijv,  'a  gland,' 
and  tfiipQu^tg,  'obstruction.'  Glandular  obstruc- 
tion. 

ADEN'IFORM,  Adeniform'is,  Adcnot'des, 
ucTf i oitdijg,  from  Aden,  'a  gland,'  and  Forma, 
'form  or  resemblance.'  Glan'diform,  or  resem- 
bling a  gland. 

ADENITIS,  from  «-V-  'a  gland,'  and  hit,  a 
termination  denoting  inflammation.  Glandular 
inflammation. 

Adeni'tisMesknteu'ica,  Mesenteric  Ganglio- 
ni'lis.      Inflammation  of  the  mesenteric  glands. 

ADENOCHIRAPSOLOG'IA,  from  aSnv.  'a 
gland,'  /ttQ,  'the  hand,'  amvt.  '  1  lay  hold  of,' 
and  Zoyug,  'a  description.'  The  doctrine  of 
curing  scrofula  or  the  king's  evil  by  the  royal 
touch. 

ADENOG'RAPHY,  Adenogra'phia,  from  a3„r, 
'a  gland,'  and  yoaipvi,  'I  describe.'  That  part 
of  anatomy  which  describes  the  glands. 

ADENOIDES,  Adeniform. 

ADENOL'OGY,  Adenolog"ia,  from  aSrtv,  'a 
gland,'  and  Zoycc,  '  a  description.'  A  treatise  on 
the  glands. 

ADE'NO  PHARYNGEUS,  from  «<V,  'a 
gland,'  and  <fitovy;, '  the  pharynx.'  Some  fleshy 
fibres, which  pass  from  the  constrictor  pharynois 
inferior  to  the  thyroid  gland,  have  received  this 
name.     Their  existence  is  not  constant. 

ADE'NO-PHARYNGI'TIS.  Same  etymon. 
Inflammation  of  the  tonsils  and  pharynx. 

ADENOPHTHALM1A,  Ophthalmia  tarsi. 

ADENOPHY'MA,  Adenon'cus:  from  adqv,  'a 
gland,'  and  <pvfia,  'a  swelling.'  Swelling  of  a 
gland,  or  glandiform  ganglion.  (F.)  Glandage. 
Adenophyma  is  used  by  some  to  signify  a  soft 
glandular  swelling;— Adcnoncus,  one  of  a  harder 
character. —  Kraus. 

Adenophyma  Inguinams.     Bubo. 

ADENOSIS  SCROPHULOSA,  Scrofula. 

ADENO'SUS,  (Absces'sus.)  A  hard,  glandu- 
lar abscess,  which  suppurates  slowly. — M.  A. 
Severinus. 

ADENOT'OMY,  Adenotom'ia,  from  «<V,  <  a 
gland,'  and  Tturto,  'I  cut.'  Dissection  of  the 
glands. 

ADEPHAGIA,  Addephagia,  Boulimia. 

ADEPS,  Adeps  Suilla,  Oxyn'gium,  oivyytov, 
Pingue'do.  Pig's  flare.  The  fat  of  the  hog.  In 
the  Ph.  U.S.  the  prepared  fat  of  Sus  scrofa,  free 
from  saline  matter. 


ADEPT 


21 


ADOLESCENCE 


Adeps  Anskri'na,  A'deps  an's'eris  or  Goose 
grease.  (F.)  Graisse  d.' 0  r,  is  also  emollient.  It 
lias  been  used  as  an  emetic. 

Aijkps  Canth a  111  dibits  Medicatus,  Unguen- 
tum lyttaj  medicatum — a.  Oortice  Daphnes  gnidii 
medicatus,  Unguentum  epispasticum  de  Daphne 
gnidio — a.  Humanus,  Liquamumia — a.  Hydrar- 
gyro  medicatus,  Unguentuin  Hydrargyri — a.  ex 
Hydrargyro  mitius  dictum  cinereum,  Unguen- 
tuin oxidi  hydrargyri  cinereum — a.  Hydrargyri 
miniate  oxygenato  medicatus,  Unguentuin  mu- 
riatis  hydrargyri  oxygenati  medicalum — a.  Hy- 
drargyri  nitrate  medicatus,  Unguentuin  hy- 
drargyri nitratis— a.  Hydrargyri  oxido  rubro  et 
plumbi  acetate  medicatus,  Unguentum  oph- 
tlialmicum — a.  Lauro  medicatus,  Unguentum 
laurinum — a  O villi,  Sevum— a.  Papavere,  liy- 
oscyamo,  et  belladonna  medicatus,  Unguentum 
populeum — a.  Sulfure  et  ammonia?  muriate  me- 
dicatus, Unguentum  sulphuratum  ad  scabiem — 
a.  Sulfure  et  carbonate  potassae  medicatus,  Un- 
guentum sulphuratum  alcalinum  ad  scabiem — 
a.  Tartaro  stibii  medicatus,  Unguentum  anti- 
monii  tartarizati — a.  Oxido  zinci  medicatus, 
Unguentum  oxidi  zinci  impuri. 

Adeps  Pr^para'ta,  Hog's  lard,  Barrow's 
grease,  Lard,  Ax'vnge,  Axun'gia,  Jideps  suil'la 
praeparu'ta,  A.  praeparu'ta,  Azun'gia  porci'na, 
(F.)  Graisse  de  Pore,  Saindoux,  is  prepared  by 
melting  pig's  flare,  and  straining  it.  This  is 
called  rendering  the  lard.  Lard  is  emollient, 
but  is  chiefly  used  for  forming  ointments  and 
plasters. 

ADEPT,  Alehymist. 

ADEP'TA  MED1CPNA.  Medicine,  which 
treated  of  diseases  contracted  by  celestial  ope- 
rations, or  communicated  from  heaven. 

Adepta  Philosophia.  Alchymy. 

ADFLATUS.  Afflatus. 

ADIUERENS1A,  Adherence. 

ADH^ESIO,  Adherence. 

ADHATO'DA,  Justic"ia  adliato'da.  The  Ma- 
labar Nut  Tree.  (F.)  Noyer  de  Ceylon.  Used 
in  India  for  expelling  the  dead  foetus  in  abor- 
tion. The  word  is  said  to  convey  this  meaning 
in  the  Ceylonese. 

ADHE'RENCE,  Adhe'sion,  Adhmren'tia,  Con- 
cre'tio,  Atre'sia,  Pros'physis,  Proscollc'sis,  Ad- 
lue'sio,  from  adhserere,  (ad  and  hxrere,)  'to  stick 
to.'  These  words  are  usually  employed  syno- 
nymously. The  French  often  use  adherence  for 
the  state  of  union,  and  adkesion  for  the  act  of 
adhering. 

ADHESION,  Adherence. 

ADHE'SIVE  INFLAMMATION  is  that  in- 
flammation which  terminates  by  an  adhesion 
between  inflamed  and  separated  surfaces. 

Adhe'sive  is  also  an  epithet  for  certain  plas- 
ters, which  stick  closely  to  the  skin. 

AD1ANTUM  ALBUM,  Asplenium  ruta  mu- 
raria — a.  Aureum,  Polytrichum. 

Adian'tum  Capil'i.us  Ven'eris,  from  a,  pri- 
vative,  and  Siairio,  '  to  grow  wet,'  from  the 
leaves  not  bemjr  easily  moistened.  Maiden 
hair.  Nat.  Qui.  Filices.  Sex.  Syst.  Cryptoga- 
mra  Filices.  (1-'.)  Capillaire  de  Mnntpeltier.  A 
European  plant,  of  feeble  aromatic  and  demul- 
cent properties.  It  is  used  for  forming  the  Strop 
de  Capl/aire  or  Capilluire. 

Adian'tum  Peda'tuh,  A.  Canndcn'si,  Ca- 
vil lus  Canndtn'sis,  Herba  Ven'eris,  Filix  Ven'- 
eris.   Canada  Maidenhair,  American  Maidenhair, 


Rockfern,  Sweetfern,  (F.)  CapUUdre  da  Canada, 
has  the  same  properties.  Capillaire  was  once 
made  from  this  _  . 

Adiantum  Rubrum,  Asplenium  trichoma- 
noides.  . 

ADIAPHORO'SIS,  Adiaphore'sis,  from  a 
privative,  dux,  'through,'  and  pooo;,  'a  pore.' 
Defect  or  suppression  of  perspiration,  Adiap- 

neus'tia. 

ADIAPH'OROUS,  Adiaph'orus,  Jndijf'erens, 
Neutral.  A  medicine  which  will  neither  do 
harm  nor  good. 

ADIARRHCE'A,  from  a  privative,  and  Sian- 
qsiv,  '  to  flow.'  Retention  of  any  excretion. — 
Hipp. 

ADICE,  Urtica. 

ADIPEUX,  Adipose. 

ADIPOCERA,  Adipocire—a.  Cetosa,  Ceta- 
ceum. 

AD'IEOCIRE,  Adipoce'ra,  from  adeps,  'fat,' 
and  cera,  '  wax.'  The  base  of  biliary  calculi, 
called  also  Choi' eslerine.  (F.)  Gras  desCadavres, 
Gras  des  Cimetieres.  Also,  a  sort  of  soap, 
formed  from  animal  matter  under  certain  cir- 
cumstances. The  human  body,  when  it  has 
been  for  some  weeks  in  water,  assumes  this 
appearance;  and  it  has  been  a  subject  of  legal 
inquiry,  what  length  of  time  is  necessary  to 
produce  it.  This  must,  of  course,  depend  upon 
various  circumstances,  as  climate,  season,  &c. 

AD1POCIRE  DE  BALEWE,  Cataceum. 

AD'IPOSE,  Ad'ipous,  Adipo'sus,  from  adeps, 
'  fat.'  (F.)  Adipeux.  That  which  relates  to 
fat — as  Adipose  membrane,  A.  vessels,  &c.  See 
Fatty. 

Ad'ipose  SAHco'MAof  Abetinethy,  Emphy'ma 
sarco'ma  adipo'sum,  is  suelty  throughout,  and 
enclosed  in  a  thin  capsule  of  condensed  cellu- 
lar substance,  connected  by  means  of  minute 
vessels.  It  is  chiefly  found  on  the  fore  and 
back  part  of  the  trunk.     See  Sarcoma. 

ADIPOSIS.     See  Polysarcia. 

Adipo'sis  Hepat'ica,  Pimelo'sis  hepat'ica, 
Fatly  liver,  Fatty  degeneration  of  the  liver, 
(F.)  Ddgenercscence  graisseuse  du  Foie.  Fatty 
disease  of  the  liver. 

AD1POSUS,  Fattv. 

ADIPOUS,  Fatty". 

ADIP'SIA,  Dipso'sis  expers.  Absence  of  thirst. 

ADIP'SON,  from  a  privative,  and  dirf/A, 
'thirst.'  Any  substance  which  relieves  thirst. 
Applied  to  a  decoction  of-barley  to  which  oxy- 
mel  was  added. — Hipp. 

ADIPSOS,  Glycyrrhiza. 

AD'ITUS,  'an  entrance,'  'an  approach;' 
from  adere,  aditum,  'to  go  to.'  Pros' odos.  The 
entrance  to  a  canal  or  duct,  as  Aditus  ad  Aquae- 
ductum  Fiillofiii. 

ADIULIS'TOS,  from  a  privative,  and  (JivAato, 
'  I  run.'  Unstrained  wine  for  pharmaceutical 
purposes. — Gorraeus. 

AD.1UNCTUM,  Accompaniment. 

ADJUTOR  PARTUS,  Accoucheur. 

AD'JUVANT,  Ad'jvvans,  from  adjuva're, 
'to  aid.'  A  medicine,  introduced  into  a  pre- 
scription to  aid  the  operation  of  the  principal 
ingredient  or  basis.  Also,  whatever  assists  in 
the  removal  or  prevention  of  disease 

ADNATA    (TUNICA)  Conjunctiva. 

ADME  (MEMBRANE.)  Conjunctiva. 

A  I)!  )1  .ES'CENCE,  Adolescen'iin,  Juvt  n'/us 
.-j-Jns  bona,  Youth;  from  adolesnere  (ail  and  ales- 
cere)    'to    grow.'     (F.)  Jrvncsse.     The   period 


ADOLIA 


25 


AEIPATHIA 


between  puberty  and  » that  at  which  the  body 
acquires  its  full  development;  being,  in  man, 
between  the  14th  and  25th  year;  and.ln  woman, 
between  the  12th  and  21st. 

ADO'LIA.  A  Malabar  plant,  whose  leaves, 
put  in  oil,  form  a  liniment,  used  in  facilitating 
labour. 

ADOR,  Zea  Mays. 

AUORION,  Daucus  carota. 

ADOUCISSM'T,  Demulcent. 

AD  POND  US  OM'NIUM.  The  weight  of 
the  whole.  In  a  prescription  it  means,  that 
any  particular  ingredient  shall  equal  in  weight 
the  whole  of  the  others. 

ADRA  RIZA,  Aristolochia  clematitis. 

ADROBO'LON,  from  aiqot,  'great,'  and 
PvjXoc,  'mass.'  The  bdellium  of  India,  which 
is  in  larger  pieces  than  that  of  Arabia. 

ADROS,  uSqoc,  'plump  and  full.'  Applied 
to  the  habit  of  body,  and  also  to  the  pulse. — 
Hippocrates. 

ADSARIA  PALA,  Dolichos  pruriens. 

ADSPJRATIO,  Aspiration,  Inspiration. 

ADST1TES  GLANDULOSI,  Prostate. 

ADSTRICTIO,  Constipation. 

ADULAS'SO.  The  Justitia  bivalvis.  A  small 
shrub,  used  in  India  as  a  local  application  in 
gout. 

ADULT  AGE,  Jlndri'a,  from  adolcscere, 
'to  grow  to,'  (ad  and  olere,  olitum,  'to  grow.') 
J'iril'ity.  The  age  succeeding  adolescence,  and 
preceding  old  age.  Adult,  AduL'tus,  is  also  used 
tor  one  in  the  adult  age. 

ADULTERATIO,  Falsification. 

ADURION,  Rhus  coriaria. 

ADUST,  Advs'lus,  from  adurere,  (ad  and 
vrere.)  'to  burn.'  The  blood  and  fluids  were 
formerly  said  to  be  adust,  when  there  was  much 
heat  in  the  constitution  and  but  little  serum  in 
the  blood. 

ADUSTIO,  Burn. 

ADUS'TION,  Adus'lio.  State  of  the  body 
described  under  Adust.  In  surgery,  it  signifies 
cauterization. 

ADVENTITIOUS  DISEASES,  Acquired 
diseases. 

ADVENTITIUS,  Accidental. 

ADYNA'MIA,  Impoten'tia;  from  a,  privative, 
and  dvrauig,  'strength.'  Adyna'sia,  Adyna'lia. 
Considerable  debility  of  the  vital  powers;  as  in 
typhus  fever.  Some  Nosologists  have  a  class 
of  diseases  under  the  name  Adynamix. 

Adynamia  Vikilis,  Impotence. 

A DYN ASIA,  Adynamia. 

ADYNATIA,  Adynamia. 

ADYNATOS,  Sickly. 

yEDGEA,  Genital  organs. 

^EDCEAG'RAPHY,  JEdaagraph'ia,  from 
aiSoia,  'organs  of  generation,'  and  y^a^ei,  tl 
describe.'  A  description  of  the  organs  of  gene- 
ration. 

^EDCEAL/OGY,  JEdcoalog"ia,  from  aiSoia, 
'the  pudendum,'  and  z.oyog,  'a  description.' 
A  treatise  on  the  organs  of  generation. 

^EDCEAT'OMY,  JEda-alom'iu,  from  aiSoia, 
'the  pudendum,'  and  rtftvw,  'I  cut.'  Dissec- 
tion of  the  parts  of  generation. 

JEDCE1TIS.  Inflammation  of' the  genital 
organs. 

"JEDCEOBLENORRHCEA,  Leuoorrhoea. 

^SDCEOMANIA,  Nymphomania. 

^EDCEON,  ln-ruen. 

JEDOPSOPH'IA,  from  ««*<><«,  'the  puden- 
3 


dum,'  and  \pz<pttr,  'to  make  a  noise.'  Emission 
of  wind  by  the  urethra  in  man,  by  the  vagina 
in  woman. — Sauvaoes  and  Sagar. 

^EDOPTOSIS,  Hysteroptosis— a:.  Uteri,  Pro- 
lapsus uteri — ffi.  Uteri  inversa,  Uterus,  inver- 
sion of  the — ce.  Uteri  retroversa,  Retroversio 
uteri — a3.  Vaginas,  Prolapsus  V. — w..  Vesica?, 
Exocyste. 

jEEIG'LUCES,  Acig'lvccs,  from  an,  'al- 
ways,' and  ylvy.vg,  '  sweet'  A  kind  of  sweet 
wine  or  must.     Gorraeus. 

jEGAGROP'ILA,  from  uiyayqog,  'the  rock 
goat,'  and  niTiog,  '  hair.'  Bezoar  d'  AUemagnc, 
Pi/a  Dama'rum  seu  Rupicapru'rum.  A  ball, 
composed  of  hairs,  found  in  the  stomach  of  the 
goat;  once  used  medicinally.     See  Bezoar. 

jEGEIROS,  Populus. 

^EGER,  Sick. 

iE'GIAS,  JEgis,  JEglla,  JEgidcs,  from  au, 
'the  goat;'  why,  is  not  known.  (F.)\-lige  or 
Mgle.  There  is  obscurity  regarding  the  pre- 
cise meaning  of  this  word.  It  was  used  to 
designate  an  ulcer,  or  speck  on  the  transparent 
cornea.     Hippocrates. 

Maitre  Jean  uses  it  for  a  calcareous  deposite 
between  the  conjunctiva  and  sclerotica. 

.EG1DES,  iEgias. 

iE'GILOPS,  An'cfrilops,  An'kylops,  from  ui%, 
'goat,'  and  unp,  '  the  eye.'  An  ulcer  at  the 
greater  angle  of  the  eye,  which  sometimes  does 
not  penetrate  to  the  lachrymal  sac,  but  at  others 
does,  and  constitutes  fistula  lachrymalis.  Ga- 
len, Celsus,  Oribasius,  Aetius,  Paulus  of  ^Egi- 
na,  &c. 

.-EGl'RINON.  An  ointment  of  which  the 
fruit  or  flower  of  the  poplar  was  an  ingredient; 
from  aiynqo:,  'the  black  poplar.' 

.ffiGLlA,  .Egiaa. 

^GOCERAS,  Trigonella  Fcenum. 

iEGONYCHON,  Lithospennuui  officinale. 

iEGOPHONIA,  Effophony. 

jEGOPODIUM  PODAGRARIA,  Ligusticum 
podagraria. 

iEGRlPPA,  Agrippa. 

^EGRITUDO,  Disease— s.  Ventriculi,  Vo- 
miting. 

iEGROTUS,  Sick. 

iEGYP'TlA.  An  epithet  for  several  medi- 
cines, mentioned  by  Galen,  Paulus  of  ^gina, 
and  Myrepsus. 

^3gyptia  Moschata,  Hibiscus  abelmoschus. 

^Egyp'tia  Styptk'ria,  AtyVTTia  o"Ttiwr>,g/u, 
JEgyptian  alum.  Recommended  by  Hippocra- 
tes. 

./Egyp'tia  Ul'cera;  JEgyptian  ulcers.  Ul- 
cers of  the  fauces  and  tonsils,  described  by 
Aretseus,  as  common  in  Egypt  and  Syria. 

iEGYPTlACUM,  JEgyp'tion,  Mendc'sion, 
Mel  JEgyptiacum,  Phar'macum  JEgyptiacum. 
A  preparation  of  vinegar,  honey,  and  verdigris, 
scarcely  used  now,  except  by  veterinary  sur- 
geons as  a  detergent.  See  Linimentum  ^Eru- 
ginis. 

jEGYPTION,  ^C^vptiacum. 

iEGYPTIUM  MEDICAMENTUM  AD  AU- 
RES,  Pharmacum  ad  aures. 

jEGYP'TIUS  PESSUS;  JEgyptian  pessary. 
A  pessary,  composed  of  honey,  turpentine,  but- 
ter, oil  of  lily  or  rose,  saffron,  each  one  part; 
with  sometimes  a  small  quantity  of  verdigris. 

AEICHRYSON,  Sedum. 

jEIPATHEIA,  see  Continent  (disease.) 

AEIPATHIA,  see  Continent  (disease.) 


jEiNEA 


26 


ETHEREAL 


JiNEA,  Catheter. 

.EOLECTHYMA,  Variola. 

iEOLLION,  Varicella. 

./EON,  aimv.  The  entire  age  of  a  man  from 
birth  till  death. — Hippocrates,  Galen.  Also  the 
spinal  marrow.     See  Medulla  Spinalis. 

jEONESIS,  Fomentation. 

JEONION.Sedum. 

iEO'RA,  from  ait»Qito,  'I  suspend.'  Gesta- 
tion, swinging. — Aetius,  Celsus,  &c. 

/EQUALIS,  Equal. 

.EQUATOR  OC'ULl.  The  line  formed  by 
the  union  of  the  upper  and  under  eyelid,  when 
they  are  closed.  It  is  below  the  middle  of  the 
globe. 

.EQUIVOCUS,  Equivocal. 

AER,  Air. 

AERATION  OF  THE  BLOOD,  Hsernatosis. 

AERATUS,  Carbonated. 

A&R&,  Carbonated. 

VEREOLUM,  JErcolus,  Chalchus.  The  sixth 
part  of  an  obolus  by  weight,  consequently  about 
2  grains. 

TRESIS,  ai^caicj'the  removal  of  any  thing.' 
A  suffix  denoting  a  removal  or  separation,  as 
Aphartsis,  Diargsis,  &c. 

AERIF'EROUS,  Mrifer,  (F.)  A6?ifere,  from 
aer,  'air,'  and  ferre,  '  to  carry.'  An  epithet  for 
tubes,  which  convey  air,  as  the  larynx,  trachea, 
and  bronchia. 

AERIFLUX'US.  The  discharge  of  gas,  and 
the  fetid  emanations  from  the  sick. — Sauvages, 

AERO-ENTERECTASIA,  Tympanites. 

AEROL'OGY ;  Aerolog"ia,  Jicrolog"ite, from 
itrft, '  air,'  and  toyoc, '  a  description.'  That  part 
of  physics  which  treats  of  the  air,  its  qualities, 
uses,  and  action  on  the  animal  economy. 

AER'OMANCY,  Acromanti'a, from  a>;o,  'air,' 
and  fA-avTua,  'divination.'  An  aTt  in  judicial 
astrology,  which  consists  in  the  foretelling,  by 
means  of  the  air  or  substances  found  in  the  at- 
mosphere. 

AEROMELT,  Fraxinus  omus. 

AEROPERITONIE,  see  Tympanites. 

AEROPHO'BIA,  from  arti,  'air,'  and  </>o,Soc, 
•fear.'  Dread  of  the  air.  This  symptom  often 
accompanies  hydrophobia,  (q.  v.)  and  sometimes 
hysteria  and  other  affections. 

JERUCA,  Cupri  suhacetas. 

^ERU'GIlNOUS,  JErugino'sus,  io>c%,  from 
JErugo,  '  verdigris.'  (F.)  Lrugineux.  Resem- 
bling verdigris  in  colour;  as  the  bile  when  dis- 
charged at  times  from  the  stomach. 

iERU'GO,  ioc,  from  ses,  '  copper.'  The  rust 
of  any  metal,  properly  of  brass.  See  Cupri  Sub- 
acetas. 

MS,  Cuprum. 

iESCHOS,  aia/o;.  Deformity  of  the  body 
generally  or  of  some  part. — Hippoc. 

iES'CULUS  HIPPOCAS'TANUM,  from  esca, 
food,'  [?]  Casta' nea  cqui'na,  Pavi'na,  Horse- 
chestnut,  Buck-eye.  (F.)  Marronicr  d'Inde.  Nat. 
Ord.  Hippocastanese.  Sex.  Syst.  Heptandria  Mo- 
nogynia.  The  bark  has  been  advised  as  a  sub- 
stitute for  the  cinchona.  Both  bark  and  fruit 
are  astringent.  Externally,  it  has  been  em- 
ployed, like  the  cinchona,  in  gangrene. 

iESECAVUM,  Brass. 

RESTATES,  Ephelides. 

.ESTHE'MA,  aiodtjua,  gen.  aia&^uaT.*;,  'a 
sensation,  a  perception.'  See  Sensation  and 
sensibility. 


■ESTHEMATONU'SI,  from  aiaohna,  and 
nvroi.  'diseases.'   Diseases  affecting  sensation. 

^ESTHEMATORGANONU'SI.  Diseases  of 
the  organs  of  sensation. 

jESTHE'SIS,  aiadnai?,  Alslhesis,  from  a«f- 
tfarouai.'I  feel.'  The  faculty  of  being  affected 
by  a  sensation.  Perception.  Sensibility,  as 
well  as  the  senses  themselves.     See  Sense. 

iESTHETERION,  Sensorium. 

^ESTHET'ICA,  from  aiadavopai,  '  1  feel.' 
Diseases  affecting  the  sensations.  Dulness,  de- 
pravation or  abolition  of  one  or  more  of  the  ex- 
ternal organs  of  sense.  The  2d  order,  class 
Neurotica  of  Good. 

^ESTIVUS,  Estival. 

^ESTUARIUM,  Stove. 

^ESTUATIO,  Ardor,  Ebullition, Fermentation. 

JUSTUS,  Ardor. 

iEsxus  Volat'iccs.  Sudden  heat,  scorching 
or  flushing  of  the  face. — Vogel. 

/ETAS,  Age — ae.  Bona,  Adolescence — eg.  De- 
crepita,  Decrepitude — a?.  Mala,  Senectus. 

AETHER,  Ether,  from  cu^yo,  '  air,'  or  from 
ai&ta,  '  I  burn.'  Liquor  sethe'rcus.  A  volatile 
liquor  obtained  by  distillation  from  a  mixture 
of  alcohol  and  a  concentrated  acid. 

iETHER  Chloricus,  Chloric  Ether,  has  been 
administered  in  spasmodic  asthma,  and  in  ady- 
namic conditions  of  the  nervous  system,  in  the 
dose  of  f.  3SS- 

^Ether  Hydrocyan'icus,  JEther  Prus'sicus, 
Hydrocyan'ic  Ether,  Hydrocy'anate  of  E'therine, 
Cyan'uret  of  Ethuie,  has  been  advised  in  hoop- 
ing cough,  and  where  the  hydrocyanic  acid  is 
indicated.     Dose,  6  drops. 

/Ether  Martiams,  Tinctura  seu  Alcohol 
sulfurico-aHhereus  ferri — a?.  Nitricus  alcoolisa- 
tus,  Spiritus  setheris  nitrici — se.  Pyro-aceticus, 
Acetone. 

^Ether  Sulphu'ric  cs,  JE.  Vitriol kus, 
Naphtha  Fitrioli,  Sulph'uric  Ether.  Ether  pre- 
pared from  sulphuric  ether  and  alcohol.  (Sp. 
rectificat;  Acid.  Sulph.  aa  Ibiss.  Distil  until  a 
heavier  liquid  passes  over.   Ph.  L.) 

Rectified  Ether,  JEther  rectifica'tus,  prepared 
by  distilling  12  oz.  from  a  mixture  of  sulphuric 
ether,  f.  3  x1V,  fused  potass,£ss,  and  distill edwater, 
f.  Sij,  is  a  limpid,  colourless,  very  inflammable, 
volatile  liquor;  of  a  penetrating  and  fragrant 
odour,  and  hot  pungent  taste.     Its  s.  g.  is  0.732. 

It  is  a  diffusible  stimulant,  narcotic  and  anti- 
spasmodic, and  is  externally  refrigerant.  Dose 
gtt.  xxx  to  giss. 

JEther  Sulphuricus,  of  the  Pharmacopoeia  of 
the  United  States,  (1842,)  is  formed  from  al- 
cohol, Oiv;  sulphuric  acid,  Oj;  potassa,  gvj; 
distilled  water,  f.  giij,  distilling  and  redistilling 
according  to  the  process  there  laid  down. 


jn.ui.tT  ni  incus  seu  ?utro'sus,  and  an  JEtlier 
phosphara'tus.  They  all  possess  similar  virtues. 
./Ether  Sulphuricus  Acidus,  Elixir  acidum 
Halleri — e.  Sulphuricus  cum  alcohole,  Spiritus 
rethens  sulphurici — re.  Sulphuricus  cum  alco- 
hole -- 


^'HE'KEAL,  Ethe'real,  Eihe'reous,  JElht'- 
reus.  (F.)  £th6r6e,  Tcinture  itherte.  An  ethe- 
real tincture  is  one  formed  by  the  action  of  sul- 
phuric ether,  at  the  ordinary  temperature 
medicinal  eubstanees.  An  ethereal  oil  i 
volatile  oil.     See  Olea  Volatilia 


on 
oil   is  a 


.ETHEROLEA 


27 


AGARIC 


.ETHEROLEA,  Olea  volatilia. 

.ETHIOP'ICUS  LAPIS,  Ethiopian  stone.  A 
stone  formerly  supposed  to  be  possessed  of  con- 
siderable virtue. — Oribasius. 

JETHIOPIS,  Salvia  sclarea. 

.E'THIOPS,  from  artto,  '  I  burn,'  and  ay, 
'  countenance.'  A  black  or  burnt  countenance. 
The  ancients  gave  this  name  to  certain  oxides 
and  sulphurets  of  metals,  which  were  of  a 
black  colour. 

^Ethiops  Albus,  Albino — ae.  Alcalisatus,  Hy- 
drargyrum cum  creta. — ae.  Animal,  see  Choroid. 

^Ethiops  Martial,  Deutox'ydum  Ferri  ni- 
grum. The  black  deutoxide  of  iron :  once  in 
repute  as  a  tonic. 

■ZEtiiiops  Mineralis,  Hydrargyri  sulphure- 
tum  nigrum — 33.  Narcoticus,  Jlydrargyri  sul- 
phuretum  nigrum — oe.  per  se,  Hydrargyri  oxy- 
dum  cinereum — ae.  Saccharatus,  Hydrargyrum 
saccharatum — ae.  Vegetabilis,  see  Fucus  vesicu- 
losus. 

jETHOL'ICES,  from  ai$u,  'I  burn.'  Fiery 
pustules  on  the  skin.  Some  have  considered 
them  to  have  been  boils. 

.ETHU'SA  CYNATIUM,  Fools  Parsley, 
\Y.)  Faux  Persil,  Petite  Cigu'e,  Family,  Umbel- 
Jiferas.  Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria  Digynia.  A  poi- 
sonous plant,  which  has  been  mistaken  for  true 
parsley,  producing  nausea,  vomiting,  headache, 
giddiness,  sopor,  and,  at  times,  fatal  results.  It 
resembles  conium  in  its  action. 

^Ethu'sa  Meum,  Meum,  Meu,  Spignel,  Bald- 
money.  (F.)  Ethuse  Meum.  The  root  has  been 
advised  as  carminative,  stomachic,  &c. 

--ETIOL'OGY,  JEtiolog"ia.  Etiology,  Aitio- 
lag"ia,  from  aina,  '  cause,'  and  Xoyo?,  'a  dis- 
course.'    The  doctrine  of  the  causes  of  disease. 

.ETI'TES,  from  atrog,  '  an  eagle.'  Eagle- 
stone,  Pierre  d'Aiglc,  Hydrate  de  tritoxide  de 
j'er.  This  stone  was  formerly  supposed  to  fa- 
cilitate delivery,  if  bound  on  the  thigh;  and  to 
prevent  abortion,  if  bound  on  the  arm.  It  was, 
also,  called  Lapis  Collymus. 

.ETOI  PHLEBES,  Temporal  veins. 

.ETOLION,  Cnidia  grana. 

.ETOI  PHLEBES,  Temporal  veins. 

AFFAD1SSEMENT.  (F.)  from  fade,  'in- 
sipid.' That  condition  of  the  digestive  function 
in  which  the  appetite  is  diminished,  the  sense 
of  taste  blunted,  and  the  action  of  the  stomach 
enfeebled;  a  state  usually  accompanied  by  ge- 
neral languor. 

AFFAIBLISSEMENT,  Asthenia. 

AFFAIRES,  Menses. 

AFFAISSEMENT,  Collapsus. 

AFFECTIO  HYPOCHONDRIACA,  Hypo- 
chondriasis— a.  Hysterica,  Hysteria — a.  Tym- 
panilica,  Tympanites. 

AFFECTION,  Affec'tio,  from  officio  or  affec- 
tare  (ad  and  facere,)  '  to  move  or  influence.' 
Any  mode  in  which  the  mind  or  body  is  affected 
or  modified. 

AFFECTION  VAPOREUSE,  Hypochon- 
driasis. 

Affections  of  the  Mind.  Affec'tus  An'imi, 
(F.)  Affections  de  Came,  include  not  only  the 
different  passions,  as  love,  hatred,  jealousy,  &c, 
but  every  condition  of  the  mind  that  is  accom- 
panied by  an  agreeable  or  disagreeable  feeling, 
as  pleasure,  fear,  sorrow,  &c. 

In  Pathology,  Affection,  Pathos,  Pathe'ma,  is 
synonymous  with  disease:  thus  we  speak  of  a 
pulmonary  affection,  a  calculous  affection,  &c. 


AFFECTIONS  DE  UA.ME.  Affections  of 
the  Mind. 

AFFECTIVE.  That  which  affects,  touches, 
&c.  Gall  gives  the  term  affective  faculties,  (F.) 
Facultis  affectives,  to  functions  dependent  upon 
the  organization  of  the  brain,  comprising  the 
sentiments,  affections,  &c. 

AFFECTUS,  Passion — a.  Faucium  pestilens, 
Cynanche  maligna— a.  Hyderodes,  Hydrops. 

AF'FERENT,  Afferens,  from  affero,  (ad  and 
fero,  'to  carry,')  '1  bring,'  The  vessels  which 
convey  the  lymph  to  the  lymphatic  glands,  are 
called  afferent.  Also,  nerves  that  convey  im- 
pressions towards  the  nervous  centres. 

AF'FION  or  OF'FIUM,  O'pium,  (q.  v.)  The 
Bantamese  thus  designate  an  electuary  of  which 
opium  is  the  basis,  and  which  they  use  as  an 
excitant. 

AFFLATUS  or  ADFLA'TUS,  Epipno'a, 
from  ad,  '  to,'  and  flare,  '  to  blow.'  Any  air 
that  strikes  the  body  and  produces  disease. 

AFFLUENCE  and  AFFLUX,  from  affluere, 
(ad  and fluere,  'to  flow,')  'to  flow  to.'  A  flow 
or  determination  of  humours,  and  particularly 
of  blood,  towards  any  part. 

AFFLUXUS,  Fluxion. 

AFFUSIO  ORBICULARIS,  Placenta. 

AFFU'SlON,Pros'chysis,Epich'ysis,Affu'sio, 
from  ad,  'to,'  and  f under e,  fusum,  'to  pour.' 
The  action  of  pouring  a  liquid  on  any  bodv. 
Affusions,  cold  and  warm,  are  used  in  different 
diseases.  The  cold  affusion  is  said  to  have  been 
beneficial  in  cutting  short  typhus  fever  and 
scarlatina, if  used  during  the  first  days.  It  con- 
sists in  placing  the  patient  in  a  tub,  and  pouring 
cold  water  over  him ;  then  wiping  him  dry,  and 
putting  him  to  bed.  The  only  precaution  ne- 
cessary, is,  to  use  it  in  the  state  of  greatest  heat 
and  exacerbation;  not  when  chilliness,  or  topi- 
cal inflammation  is  present. 

AFIUM,  Opium. 

AFTER-BIRTH,  Secundines. 

AFTER-PAINS,  see  Pains,  labour. 

AGACEMENT,  (F.)  from  axaLur,  'to  sharp- 
en.'    The  setting  on  edge. 

AGACEMENT  DES  DENTS.  A  disagree- 
able sensation  experienced  when  acids  are 
placed  in  contact  with  the  teeth.  Tooth  edge. 
Setting  the  teeth  on  edge. 

AGACEMENT  DES  NERFS.  A  slight  irri- 
tation of  the  system,  and  particularly  of  the  or- 
gans of  sense  and  locomotion,  corresponding 
nearly  to  the  English  Fidgets. 

AGALACTATIO,  Agalactia. 

AGALACTIA,  Agalax'is,  Agalac'tio,  and 
Agalacta'tio,Defedtus  lac' lis,  Oligoga'lia,  from  a, 
privative,  and  ya?.a,  'milk.'  Absence  of  milk 
in  the  mammae. 

AGALAXIS,  Agalactia. 

AG AL'LOCHUM, from  ayalXopai,'  to  become 
splendid,'  Calambac,  Calamhoukf.Lig'num  Agal'- 
lochi  veri,  Ligfnum  Allots,  L.  Aspal'alhi,  Xylo- 
aloes,  Aloes  tcood.  A  resinous  and  very  aro- 
matic wood  of  the  East  Indies,  from  Excsecaria 
Agallocha.  Used  in  making  pastils,  &c. — Dio- 
scorides,  Oribasius,  Paulus. 

AGAMOUS,  see  Cryptogamous. 

AG' AHIC,  A gar'icum.  A  genusof plantsinthe 
Li  nnasan  system,  some  of  which  are  edible,  others 
poisonous.  It  was  so  called  from  Agaria,  a  re- 
gion of  Sarmatia. — Dioscorides.  Among  the  edi- 
ble varieties  of  the  Boletus,  the  following  are 


AGARIC 


23 


AGONISTICA 


the  chief.  1.  The  Agar'icus  edu'lis,  (F.)  Agaric 
comestible  ct  champignon  dc  couchc.  2.  The 
Agar'icus  odora'tus,  (F.)  Mousseron.  The  most 
common  poisonous  varieties  are  the  Agar'i- 
cus  JVeca'lor  (F.)  Agaric,  mcurlricr :  and  2. 
The  Agar'icus  acris,  (F.)  Agaric  dcre;  besides 
the  Auranite,  a  sub-genus,  which  includes  se- 
veral species.  One  of  the  most  delicate  is  the 
Agaricus  Aurantiacus, butcare  must  betaken  not 
to  confound  it  with  the  A.  Pseudo-Auruntiacus, 
which  is  very  poisonous  The  A.  aurantiacus  is 
called, in  French,  Oronge.  See  Poisons, Table  of. 

Agaric,  see  Boletus  igniarius — a.  Blanc, 
Boletus  laricis — a.  de  C/tene,  Boletus  ignia- 
rius— a.  Female,  Boletus  igniarius — a.  of  the 
Oak,  Boletus  igniarius — a.  Odorant,  Boletus 
suaveolens. 

AGARICUS,  Boletus  igniarius— a.  Albus, 
Boletus  laricis — a.  Aurantiacus,  Amanita — a. 
Aurantiacus,  Bolites — a.  Auriculreforma,  Peziza 
auricula — a.  Chirurgorum,  Boletus  igniarius  — 
a.  Pseudo-aurantiacus,  Amanitas — a.  Quercus, 
Boletus  igniarius. 

AGATHIS  DAMARRA,  Finns  Damarra. 

AGATHOSMA  CRENATUM,  Diosma  cre- 
nata. 

AGATHOTES  CHIRAYITA,  Gentiana  chi- 
ravita.        _ 

AGA'VE  AMERICA'NA.  American  Agave, 
from  ayavo$,  'admirable.'  J\'at.  Ord.  Bromelia- 
ces.  Sex.  Syst.  Hexandria  Monogynia.  This 
plant  has  been  considered  diuretic  and  antisy- 
philitic. 

AGE,  i/.txta,  Helihia,  JE'tas.  Of  uncertain 
etymon.  Period  of  life.  Time  that  has  elapsed 
since  birth,  &c.  Five  ages  are  often  designated 
in  the  life  of  man.  1 .  First  infancy  (Infan'lia .) 
2.  Second  infancy  (Pueji"tia;)  3.  Adolescence 
(Adolescen'tia:)  4.  The  adult  age  (Viril'itas :) 
5.  Old  age  (Senec'tus;)  all  which  see. 

AGENEIOS,  Imberbis. 

AGEN'ESIS,  from  a,  privative,  and  yevtoig, 
'generation.'  Imperfect  development  of  any 
part  of  the  body ;  as  cerebral  agenesis,  i.  e.  im- 
perfect development  of  the  brain  in  the  foetus. 

AGFNNESIA.Sterilitas. 

AGENT,  Agens,  from  ag"ere,  '  to  act.'  Any 
power  which  produces,  or  tends  to  produce  an 
effect  on  the  human  body.  Morbific  agents, 
(F.)  Agens  moibifiques,  are  the  causes  of  dis- 
ease;—therapeutical  agents,  (F.)  Agens  thera- 
peut'upies,  the  means  of  treating  it,  dec. 

AGER  NATURE,  Uterus. 

AGERA'SIA,/n5eraesc««'//a,froma,privative, 
and  yj;/jac,'oldage.'  A  vigorousand  green  old  aoe. 

AGERATUM,  Achillea  ageratum. 

AGE'RATUS  LAPIS.  A  stone  used  by 
cobblers  to  polish  shoes.  It  was  formerly  es- 
teemed discutient  and  astringent — Galen,  Ori- 
basius,  Paulus. 

AGES,  Palm. 

AGEUSTIAorAGHEUS'TIA,^/;^e»^a, 
Apogeu'sis,  Dyssesthe'sia  gustato' ria,  Puragcu'- 
sis, from  a,priv.,  and  yivan?,  'taste.'  Diminu- 
tion or  loss  of  taste,  Ansesthe'sia  linguse* — Sau- 
vaces,  Cullen. 

AGGLOM'ERATE,  Agglomera'tus,  from  ag- 
glomerare  (ad  and  glomerare,  'to  wind  up  yarn 
in  a  ball,')  '  ta,  collect  together.'  Applied  to 
humours  or  glands  in  aggregation. 

AGGLU'TIN  ANT, Agglu'tinans,  Collet! icus, 
Glu'tinans,  from  gluten.  '  glue.'     (F.)  Aggluti- 


nant,  Agglutinatif,  Glutinatif.  Remedies  were 
formerly  so  called,  which  were  considered  ca- 
pable of  uniting  divided  parts — Paulus. 

Plasters  are  called  agglutinants,  (F.)  agglu- 
tinatifs,  which  adhere  strongly  to  the  skin. 
Certain  bandages  are  likewise  so  termed.  (F.) 
Bandelcttes  agglutinatives. 

TO  AGGLUTINATE.  The  French  use  the 
word  agglutiner,  in  the  sense  of 'to  reunite;'  as 
agglutiner  Irslevres  d'une  j>laie,  'to  unite  the  lips 
of  a  wound.' 

AGGLUTIJYAT1F,  Agglutinant. 

AGGLUTINATIO,  Coition. 

AGGLUTINA'TION,  Colle'sis,  Epicolle'sis, 
Proscolle'sis,  Glutina'tio,  from  agglutinare,  '  to 
glue  together.'  The  first  degree  of  adhesion. 
Also,  the  action  of  agglutinants. 

AGGLUTINER,  To  agglutinate. 

AG'GREGATE,  Aggrega'tus,  from  aggrc 
gare,  (ad  and  gregare,)  '  to  flock  together,'  'to 
assemble  together.'  Glands  are  called  aggre- 
gate which  are  in  clusters.  Aggregate  pills, 
(F.)  Pilules  aggregatives,  signified,  formerly, 
those  which  were  believed  to  contain  the  pro- 
perties of  a  considerable  number  of  medicines, 
and  to  be  able  to  supply  their  place. 

AGHEUSTIA,  Ageustia. 

AGIAHA'LID  or  AGIHA'LID,  or  AGRA- 
HA'L-ID.  An  Egyptian  and  Ethiopian  shrub, 
similar  to  the  Ximenia.  The  Ethiopians  use  it 
as  a  vermifuge.    The  fruit  is  purgative. 

AGIHAL1D,  Agiahalid. 

AG1SSANT,  Active. 

AGITA'TION,  Agita'do:  Done'sis;  from  agere, 
'to  act.'  Constant  and  fatiguing  motion  of  the 
body  (inquiesA  or  distressing  mental  inquietude 
{An'imi  agita  tio.) 

AG1TATORIUS,  Convulsive. 

AGLOS'SIA,  from  a,  priv.  and  yXuiarct,  'the 
tongue.'  A  malformation  which  consists  in  the 
want  of  a  tongue. 

AGLOSSOSTOMOG'RAPHY,  Aglossosto- 
mogra'phia,  from  a,  priv.  y/.woo-a,  '  the  tongue,' 
ciroua,  '  the  mouth,'  and  yna<poj,  '  I  describe.' 
Description  of  a  mouth  without  a  tongue. — Ro- 
land (of  Saumur.) 

AGLUTI'TION.^/w^zo,  from  a,  priv.,  and 
glatire,  'to  swallow.'  A  hybrid  term,  desig- 
nating impossibility  of  swallowing — Linnaeus. 

A GMF,  Fracture. 

AGMINA  D1GITORUM  MANUS,  Pha- 
langes of  the  fingers — a.  Membrana,  Amnios. 

AGNA'THIA.jfrom  a,  priv.  and  yiaflsj,  'jaw.' 
A  malformation  which  consists  in  the  want  of 
the  jaw,  especially  of  the  lower. 

AGNOlA,  from  a,  privative,  and  ynos-zm,'! 
know.'  State  of  a  patient  who  does  not  recog- 
nise individuals. — Hippocr.,  Galen,  Foesius. 

AGNUS  CASTUS,  Vitex. 

AGO'GE,  aywyrj.  The  order  or  condition  of  a 
disease, — Hippoc,  Galen.  Likewise  the  state 
of  the  air. — Hippoc,  Galen,  Gonaeus,  Foesius. 

AGOGUE,  uyviycc,  'a  leader,'  from  ayw, '  I 
lead  or  expel.'  Hence  Cholagogue,  an  expeller 
of  bile  :  Hi/dragogue,  &c. 

AGOMPHI'ASIS,  Agompho'sis,  from  «,  pri 
vative,  and  youyow, '  1  nail.'  Looseness  of  the 
teeth.     Gorrseus.     See  Gomphiasis 

AGOMPHOSIS,  Agomphiasis. 

AGONF,  Hyoscyamus. 

AGON1A,  Sterilitas. 

AGONISTICA,  from  «)<!»,.,  'a  combat.'    The 


AGONY 


29 


AINE 


part  of  ancient  gymnastics,  which  had  reference 
to  the  combats  of  the  Athlete. 

Also,  very  cold  water,  given  internally,  to 
calm  febrile  heat.     Paulus  of  zEgina. 

AG'ONY,  Ago'nia,  An'gor,  from  ayasv,  'a 
combat.'  The  last  struggle  of  life.— Galen, 
Gorraus,  &c.  The  agony,  which  is  of  lounger 
or  shorter  duration,  is  characterized  by  great 
change  in  the  features,  gradual  abolition  of  sen- 
sation and  motion,  loss  of  voice,  dryness  or  li- 
vidity  of  the  tongue  and  lips,  rattling  in  the 
throat,  small  and  intermittent  pulse,  and  cold- 
ness of  the  extremities.  This  state  is  not  pre- 
sent in  those  who  die  suddenly.  See  Facies 
Hippocratica. 

AGOS'TUS,  from  uyw,  'I  lead.'  The  fore 
arm  from  the  elbow  to  the  fingers.  Also,  the 
palm  of  the  hand. — Gorrasus.     See  Palm. 

AGRA,  ayqa,  from  uyoiw,  'I  seize  hold  of.' — 
A  seizure,  as  Odontagra,  a  tooth  seizure,  tooth- 
ache;  Chiragra,  Podagra,  &c. 

AGRAFE  DE  VALENTIN.  A  kind  of  for- 
ceps with  parallel  branches,  employed  by 
Valentin  in  the  operation  for  hare  lip,  to  effect 
the  approximation  of  the  edges  of  the  wound. 

AGRAHAL1D,  Agiahalid. 

A  G  R£  GA  77  FES  PIL ULES.  See  Aggregate. 

AGR1A,  Herpes  exedens. 

AGRIAMPELOS,  Bryonia  alba. 

AGR1COCCIMELEA,  Prunus  spinosa. 

AGRIFOLIUM,  Ilex  aquifolium. 

AG'RIMONY,  Eupalo'rium,  CafaT,  Lap'pula 
hepat'ica  (F.)  Aigremoine.  The  Agrimo'nia 
Eupato'rium.  Cockle-bur,  Stickwort.  Nat.  Ord. 
Rosaceae.  Sex.  Syst.  Icosandria  Digynia.  A  mild 
astringentand  stomachic.  Dose,ln  powder, from 
9J  to  gj. 

Agrixony  Hemp,  Eupatorium  cannabinum. 

AGRIOCASTANUM,  Bunium  bulbocasta- 
num,  Lycoperdon  tuber. 

AGRIOCINARA,  Sempervivum  tectorum. 

AGRIORtGANUM,  Origanum  majorana. 

AGRIOSELINUM,  Smyrnium  olusatrum. 

AGRIOTHYM'IA,  from  ayomg,  'ferocious,' 
and  Svuog,  '  disposition.'  Ferocious  insanity. 
— Sauvages. 

A  GRIPALMA  GALLIS, Leonurus  cardiaca. 

AGRIPAUME,  Leonurus  cardiaca. 
-  AGRIP'PA  or-EGRIP'PA,  from  xger  partus, 
'difficult  birth  :'  or  perhaps  from  ayoa,  'taking 
or  seizure,'  and  nov;, '  the  foot.'  This  term  has 
been  given  to  those  born  by  the  feet.  It  is  pre- 
tended that  the  family  of  Agrippa  obtained 
their  name  from  this  circumstance.  Parturi- 
tion where  the  feet  present,  is  called  Agrippx 
partus.  Agrippinvs  partus. 

AGRIPPINUS  PARTUS.    See  Agrippa. 

AGRO  DI  CEDRO.    See  Citrus  medica. 

AGROSTJS,  Bryonia  alba. 

AGRUNA,  Prunus  spinosa. 

AGRYPN1A,  Insomnia. 

AGRYPNOCOMA,  Coma  vigil. 

A  G  RTPNO'DES,  ayeuTzvu)^?,  from  aj'^tiTrvo  ?, 
'sleepless.'  Characterized  by  sleeplessness,  as 
Febris  agrypnodes,  a  fever  accompanied  with 
sleeplessness. 

AGRYP'NUS,  aynvnrog,  'sleepless,'  'vigi- 
lant' Hence  Agrypnodes  (Febris,)  fever  attend- 
ed with  watching. 

AGUE,  from  Gothic  agis,  '  trembling.'  [?] 
Intermittent  fever. 

Ague  and  Fever,  Intermittent  fever. 

A'gue  Cake,  Placenta  febrilis,  Physco'nia 


splen'icum,  P.  splenica,  Splenis  Tumor;  (F.)  Ga- 
teau febrile.  A  visceral  obstruction  ('generally 
in  the  spleen,)  which  follows  agues,  and  is  dis- 
tinctly felt  by  external  examination.  To  a 
greater  or  less  degree,  it  is  not  uncommon. 

Ague,  Dead.     See  Fever,  masked. 

Ague,  Dumb.     See  Fever,  masked. 

Ague,  Free,  Laurus  sassafras — a.  Leaping, 
see  Leaping  ague — a.  Quartan,  Quartan — a. 
Tertian,  Tertian  fever — a.  weed,  Eupatorium 
perfoliatum. 

AGUL  or  ALHA'GI,  the  Hedisa'rum  alliagi. 
A  thorny  shrub  of  Persia  and  Mesopotamia, 
which  affords  manna.  The  leaves  are  purgative. 

AGY'ION,  from  a,  priv.,  and  yviov,  'limb.' 
Mutilated,  or  wanting  limbs. — Hippocr.  Weak, 
feeble. — Galen. 

AGYR'IAS,  from  ayvQtg,  'a  collection.'  Opa- 
city of  the  crystalline. — Aetius,  Pare. 

AGYll'TA,  from  ayvQis,  'a  crowd.'  For- 
merly meant  a  stroller,  who  pretended  to  su- 
pernatural powers.  Subsequently,  a  quack  or 
illiterate  pretender.     See  Charlatan. 

AGYRTIA,  Charlatanry. 

AHOUAI,  Thevetia  Ahouai. 

AHUSAL,  Orpiment. 

AIDE,  (F.)  Ad'jutor  min'ister.  An  assistant 
to  a  surgeon  in  his  operations. 

AIDOROMAN1A,  Nymphomania. 

A1ERSA,  Iris  Germanica. 

A1GE,  /Egias. 

AIGLE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Near 
the  city  of  this  name,  in  Normandy,  is  the 
chalybeate  spring  of  Saint  Xantin,  much  used 
in  the  16th  and  17th  centuries. 

AIGLE,  /Egias. 

AIGRE,  Acidulous. 

AIGRELET.  Acidulous. 

AIGREMOINE,  Agrimony. 

AIGREURS,  Acidities. 

AIGU,  Acute. 

AIGUILLE,  Needle — a.  a  Acupuncture, 
see  Needle — a.  a  Appareil,  see  Needle — a.  a 
Bee  De  Lievre,  see  Needle — a.  a  Cataracts,  see 
Needle — a.  de  Dcschamps,  see  Needle — a.  En- 
gainde,  see  Needle — a.  a  Fistu/e,  see  Needle 
— a.  a  Gaine,  see  Needle — a.  a  Ligature,  see 
Needle — a.  a  Manche,  see  Needle — a.  a  Seton, 
see  Needle — a.  a  Suture,  see  Needle. 

AIGUILLON,(F.)  Spina  Helmon'tii.  A  term 
used  since  the  time  of  Van  Helmont  to  desig- 
nate the  proximate  cause  of  inflammation.  Ac- 
cording to  him,  an  inflamed  part  is  in  the  same 
condition  as  if  an  aiguiilon  or  thorn  were  thrust 
into  it. 

AIGUISER,  to  Acidulate. 

AIL,  Allium. 

AILE,  Ala,  Aileron. 

AILERON,  (F.)  Extrc'ma  ala  vel  Pin'nula, 
diminutive  of  (F.)  Aile,a.  wing.  The  extremity 
of  the  wing  of  a  bird,  to  which  the  great  feathers 
are  attached. 

AILERONS  DE  LA  MATRICE.  Three  folds 
at  the  base  of  the  broad  ligaments  of  the  uterus, 
which  are  occupied  by  the  ovary  and  its  liga- 
ment, the  Fallopian  tube,and  the  round  ligament. 

AIM  A,  'ai/ma,  See  Hasina. 

AIMANT,  Magnet. 

AIMATERA,  Hepalirrhoea. 

A1MORRHCEA,  Hsemorrhagia. 

A1MORRHOIS,  Hasmorrhois. 

AIMORROIS,  Hajmorrhois. 

AINE,  Inguen. 


AIPI 

AIPI,  Jatropha  manihot. 

AIPIMA  COXERA,  Jatropha  manihot. 

AIPIPOCA,  Jatropha  manihot. 

AIR,  Acr,  from  aw,  '1  breathe.'  Common  air, 
Atmospheric  air,  is  an  invisible,  transparent, 
inodorous,  insipid,  ponderable,  compressible  and 
elastic  fluid,  which,  under  the  form  of  the  at- 
mosphere, surrounds  the  earth  to  the  height  of 
15  or  16  leagues. 

Air  is  essentially  composed  of  two  gases, 
oxygen  and  azote,  in  the  proportion  of  20  of 
the  former  to  80  of  the  latter.  Oxygen  is  the 
vital  portion,  but  the  azote  is  necessary  to 
dilute  it.  Air  also  contains  a  small  portion  of 
carbonic  acid  gas,  and  it  has  always  floating  in 
it  aqueous  vapour,  different  terrestrial  ema- 
nations, &c.  Its  effects  upon  the  human  body 
vary  according  to  its  greater  or  less  density, 
temperature,  moisture,  &c;  hence,  change  of 
air  is  found  extremely  serviceable  in  the  pre- 
vention and  cure  of  certain  morbid  conditions. 
See  Climate. 

AIR  ACIDE  V1TRWLIQUE,  Sulphurous 
acid — a.  Mcalin,  Ammonia. 

Air  Cells  of  the  Lungs,  Bronchial  cells; 
see  Cellule — a.  Dephlogisticated,  Oxygen— a. 
Empyreal,  Oxygen — a.  Du  feu,  Oxygen  —  a. 
Factitious,  Carbonic  acid — a.  Fixed,  Carbonic 
acid — a.  Gat6,  Azote — a.  Inflammable,  Hydro- 
gen- 

Air  Passages,  (F.)  Votes  aeriennes  aerifercs, 
are  the  larynx,  trachea,  bronchia,  &c. 

Air,  Pure,  Oxygen — a.  Solid,  of  Hale,  Car- 
bonic acid — a.  Vici6,  Azote — a.  Vital,  Oxygen. 

AIRAIJY,  Bell-metal,  Brass. 

AIRE,  Areola. 

AIRELLE  ANGULEUSE,  Vaccinium  myr- 
tillus — a.  Ponctuie,  Vaccinium  vitis  idsea. 

A1RIGNE,  Hook. 

AIRTHREY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  A. 
is  situate  about  two  miles  north  of  Stirling, 
Scotland. — The  waters  are  saline  cathartics; 
containing  chloride  of  sodium,  chloride  of  cal- 
cium, sulphate  of  zinc,  and  chloride  of  magne- 
sium. 

AISSELLE,  Axilla. 

A1STHES1S,  iEsthesis. 

AITHOMO'MA,  from  atdog,  'black.'  A 
black  condition  of  all  the  humours  of  the  eye. 
A.  Pare. 

AITIA,  Cause. 

AITIOLOGY,  jEtiologia. 

AITION,  Cause. 

AIX-LA-CHAPELLE,  MINERAL  WA- 
TERS OF.  Called  by  the  Germans,  Aachen. 
A  thermal,  sulphureous,  mineral  water,  which 
contains,  in  1000  grammes,  28.54  cubic  inches 
of  sulphohydric  acid  gas,  18.05  cubic  inches  of 
carbonic  acid  gas,  0.1304  grammes  of  carbonate 
of  lime,  0.0440  grammes  of  carbonate  of  mag- 
nesia, 0.5444  grammes  of  carbonate  of  soda. 
2  3697  grammes  of  chloride  of  sodium,  0.2C37 
of  sulphate  of  soda,  and  0.0705  of  silica.  The 
temperature  is  134°  Fahr. 

The  factitious  water  of  Aix-Ja-Chapclle,  A' qua 
Aquisgranen' sis ,  (F.)  Eau  cV  Aix-la-Chapellc ,  is 
made  by  adding  pure  water  f.  ^xvijss,  to  hydro- 
sulphuretted  water  f.  §iv,  carbonate  of  soda  gr. 
xx,  chloride  of  sodium  gr.  ix.  Ph.  P. 

There  are  thermal  sulphureous  springs  at 
Aix  in  Savoy,  (98°)  and  some  thermal  springs 
at  Aix  in  Provence  (91°.) 

A1ZOON,  Sempervivum  tectorum. 


30  ALBINO 

Ai\5'GA.  A.  pyramida'lis,  Consol'ida  Mfdik, 
Bu'vula,  Upright  Bugloss,  Middle  Consound.  (r .) 
Bugle  pyramidale.  This  plant  is  subastringent 
and  bitter.  , 

Ajuca  Ciiamjepitys,  Teucnum  chamsepitys. 

Aju'ga  Reptans,  Bu'gula,  Common  Bugle. 
(F.)  Bugle  rampante,  has  similar  properties. 

AKATALIS,  Juniperus  communis. 

AKATERA,  Juniperus  communis. 

AKINESIA,  Acinesia. 

AKOLOGY,  Materia  Medica. 

ALA.  Pinna,  Pteryx,  'a  wing.'  (F.)  Aile.  A 
term  often  used  by  anatomists  for  parts  which 
project  like  a  wing  from  the  median  line;  as 
the  Mai  nasi,  Ala  of  the  uterus,  &c.  See  Axilla 
and  Pavilion  of  the  Ear. 

Ala  Extrema,  see  Mleron. 

ALABASTER,  Mabas'trum.  (F.)  Allaire, 
Alabastri'tes.  A  variety  of  compact  gypsum; 
of  which  an  ointment  was  once  made; — the 
unguenlum  alabastri'num;  used  as  a  discutient 
Alabaster  likewise  entered  into  several  denti- 

ALABASTR1TES,  Alabaster. 

AhJE  INTERNEE  MINORES  CL1TORI- 
DIS,  Nymphoe — a.  Majores,  Labia  pudendi — a. 
Minores,  Nymphae. 

ALA ITER,  from  (F.)  lait,' milk.'  To  suckle. 

ALALIA,  Mutitas. 

ALAMBIC,  Alembic. 

ALANFU'TA.  A  name  given  by  the  Ara- 
bians to  a  vein,  situate  between  the  chin  and 
lower  lip,  which  they  were  in  the  habit  of  open- 
ing in  cases  of  foetor  of  the  breath. — Avicenna. 

ALAQUE'CA.  The  Hindusthanee  name  of 
a  stone,  found  in  small,  polished  fragments, 
which  is  considered  efficacious  in  arresting 
hemorrhage  when  applied  externally.  It  is  a 
sulphuret  of  iron. 

ALARES  MUSCULI,  Pterygoid  muscles. 

Ala'res  Ven^e.  The  superficial  veins  at  the 
fold  of  the  arm. 

Ala'ria  Ossa.  The  wing-like  processes  of 
the  sphenoid  bone. 

ALATERNUS,  COMMON,  Rhamnus  ala- 
ternus. 

ALA'TUS.  Plerygo'des.  One  whose  scapu- 
lae project  backwards  like  wings. 

ALBADA'RA.  The  sesamoid  bone  of  the 
metatarso-phalangal  joint  of  the  great  toe.  The 
Rabbis  and  Magicians  attributed  extraordinary 
virtues  to  it. — Arabians. 

ALBAGIAZI,  Sacrum. 

ALBAMENTUM,  Albumen  ovi. 

ALBAN,  SAINT,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  A  French  acidulous  chalybeate,  in  the 
department  of  the  Loire. 

ALBARA,  Lepra  alphoides. 

ALBARAS  NIGRA,  Lepra  nigricans. 

ALBAR^S.  Lepra  alphoides° 

ALBAROS,  Lepra  alphoides. 

ALBATRE,  Alabaster. 

ALBICAN'TIA  COR'PORA.  C.  Candican'- 
tia,  from  albico, '  I  grow  white.'  Willis's  glands 
in  the  brain,  anterior  to  the  tuber  annulare. 
See  Mammillary  Eminence. 

ALBFJY  D'(EUF,  Albumen  ovi. 

ALBI'NO.  'White.'  Lcucztthiops,  JEthiops 
albus,  Dondu,  from  albus,  'white.'  (F.)  Blafard, 
JVegre-blanc.  A  Spanish  word  applied  to  indi- 
viduals of  the  human  race  who  have  the  skin 
and  hair  white;  the  iris  very  pale,  bordering  on 
red;  and  the  eyes  so  sensible,  that  they  cannot 


ALBINOISMUS 


31 


ALCEA 


bear  the  light  of  day.  This  condition,  which 
has  been  called  Lcvcalhio'pia,  Alpho'sisJEthiop'- 
ica,  Albinois'mus,  Leucopathi'a,  is  seen  more  fre- 
quently in  the  Negro.  Both  sexes  are  exposed 
to  it;  but  it  does  not  seem  to  be  true, that  there 
are  tribes  of  Albinos  in  the  interior  of  Africa. 

ALBINOISMUS.     See  Albino. 

ALBOR  OVI.     Albumen  ovi. 

AL'BORA.  A  kind  of  itch  or  complicated 
leprosy. — Paracelsus. 

ALBOT,  Crucible. 

ALBOT1M,  Terebinthina. 

ALBUGIN'EA,  Tu'nica  albugin'ea,  A.  Testis, 
Feritestis,  Membra'na  capsula'ris  testis.  (F.)  Al- 
bugin6e,  Tunique  albuginde.  A  strong,  fibrous, 
and  resisting  membrane,  which  immediately 
envelops  the  testicle,  and  has,  at  its  upper  part, 
an  enlargement,  called  corpus  Highmorianum. 
From  its  inner  surface  it  sends  off  a  number  of 
flat,  filiform  prolongations  or  septa,  between 
which  are  contained  the  seminiferous  vessels. 
Externally,  it  is  covered  by  the  tunica  vaginalis 
testis. 

ALBUGIXEE,  Albuginea,  Albugineous. 

ALBUGIN'EOUS,^Ai/o7Vei/s,'  white,'  from 
albus,  (Y.)Albuginie.  A  term  applied  to  textures, 
humours,  &c,  which  are  perfectly  white. 

Albijgin'eous  Fibre,  (F.)  Fibre  ulbuginee.  A 
name  given  by  Chaussier  to  what  he  considers 
one  ot  the  four  elementary  fibres. 

The  albugineous  fibce  is  linear,  cylindrical, 
tenacious,  elastic,  but  little  extensible,  and  of  a 
shining,  satiny  appearance.  It  always  forms 
fasciae  or  fasciculi,  which  constitute  the  tendons, 
articular  ligaments,  and  aponeuroses:  hence  the 
name  Albugineous  membranes,  given  by  Chaus- 
sier to  the  fibrous  membranes. 

Gauthier  considers  that  the  rete  mucosum 
consists  of  four  layers,  to  two  of  which  he 
gives  the  names, — membra'na  albugin'ea  pro- 
fun' da,  and  membra'na  albugin'ea  superficiu'lis, 
respectively. 

ALBUGINI'TIS,  (F.)  Albuginite.  A  term 
employed  by  some  authors  for  inflammation  of 
the  albugineous  tissue.  Thus,  gout  and  rheu- 
matism are  regarded  as  species  of  the  genus 
albuginitis. 

ALBUGO  OCULORUM,  Leucoma— a.  Ovi, 
Albumen  ovi. 

ALBULA,  Leucoma. 

ALBUM  CANIS,  Album  gra?cum— a.  Ceti, 
Cetaceum. 

Album  Grschm,  Cynoc'oprus, Spo'dium  Gra- 
co'rum,  Album  Canis,  Stcrcus  Cani'num  Album. 
The  white  dung  of  the  dog.  It  consists  almost 
wholly  of  phosphate  of  lime,  from  the  bones  used 
as  food.  It  was  formerly  applied  as  a  discutient 
to  the  inside  of  the  throat  in  quinseys,  but  is 
now  justly  banished  from  practice. 

Album  Nigrum.  The  excrementof  the  mouse. 

ALBU'MEN,  from  albus,'  white.'  (F.)  Al- 
bumins. An  immediate  principle  of  animals 
and  vegetables,  which  constitutes  the  chief  part 
of  the  white  of  egg.  It  is  found  in  the  serum, 
chyle,  synovia,  serous  fluids,  &c.  There  is  not 
much  difference  in  chemical  composition  be- 
tween animal  and  vegetable  albumen. 

Albu'men  Ovi,  Albu'mor,  Albu'go  Ovi,  Albor 
Ovi,  Can'didum  Ovi,  Albu'men,  Clare' ta,  Ovi 
albus  liquor,  Albumen' turn,  Lac  avis  or  white  of 
egg.  (F.)  Blanc  d'eeuf,  (Old  F.)  Albin  d'oiuf,  is 
used  in  pharmacy  for  suspending  oils,  &c,  in 
water.    See  Ovum. 


ALBUMINE,  Albumen. 

ALBUMINU'RI  A.  A  hybrid  term  from' Albu- 
men,' and  ovnor,  'the  urine.'  The  condition  of 
the  urine  in  which  it  contains  albumen,  the  pre- 
sence of  which  is  indicated  by  its  coagulation 
on  the  application  of  adequate  heat. 

ALBUMIA'URORRHEE,  Kidney,  Brights 
disease  of  the. 

ALBUMOR,  Albumen  ovi. 

AL'CAEST,  Al'cahest,  Al'chaest,  perhaps  from 
(G.)  all,  'all,'  and  geist,  'spirit.'  A  word 
invented  by  Paracelsus  to  designate  a  liquor, 
which,  according  to  him,  was  capable  of  re- 
moving every  kind  of  swelling. 

The  same  word  was  used  by  Van  Helmont 
for  a  fancied  universal  solvent,  capable  of  re- 
ducing every  body  to  its  elements. 

Alcaest  of  Glauber  is  a  thick  liquor  ob- 
tained by  detonating  nitrate  of  potassa  on  hot 
coals,  which  transforms  it  into  subcarbonate  of 
potassa. 

Alcaest  of  Respoub.  is  a  mixture  of  potassa 
and  oxyd  of  zinc. 

ALCAHEST,  Alcaest. 

ALCALES'CENCE,  Al kales' cence,  Alcales- 
cen'tia.  The  condition  in  which  a  fluid  becomes 
alkaline. 

Alcalescence  of  the  Humours  was  an  old 
notion  of  the  Humorists.  It  can  only  occur 
during  the  putrid  fermentation  of  animal  mat- 
ters, which  contain  azote,  and  produce  ammo- 
nia. Alcalin'ity  is  the  quality  of  being  alca- 
line. 

AL'CALI  or  AL'KALI,  from  al  (Arab..) 
'the,'  and  kali,  the  name  of  the  Sa/so'la  Soda. 
A  plant  which  contains  a  large  quantity  of  one 
of  the  principal  alkalis — soda.  The  alkalis  are 
substances  soluble  in  water,  possessing  gene- 
rally a  urinous,  acrid,  and  caustic  taste,  turning 
the  syrup  of  violets  green,  and  restoring  to 
blue  the  infusion  of  litmus,  which  has  been 
reddened  by  acids;  reddening  the  yellow  of 
turmeric,  and  having  the  greatest  tendency  to 
unite  with  acids,  whose  character  they  modify, 
and  form  salts  with  them.  In  medicine  we  un- 
derstand by  this  term  Potassa,  Soda,  or  Ammo- 
nia (q.  v.) 

Alcali,  Caustic,  Al'kali  Caus'ticvm.  A  pure 
alkali.     One  deprived  of  its  carbonic  acid. 

Alcalis,  Fixed,  are  soda  and  potassa;  Vola- 
tile Alcali,  ammonia. 

Alcali  Ammoniacum  Acf.tatum,  Liquor  am- 
monias acetatis — a.  Ammoniacum  fluidum,  Li- 
quor ammonia: — a.  Fixum  tartarizatum,Polassv 
tartras — a.  Minerale  sulphuricum,  Soda,  sul- 
phate of — a.  Tartari  aceto  saturatum,  Potassa? 
acetas — a.  Vegetabile  salito  dephlogisticatum, 
Potassa?  murias  hyperoxygenatus — a.  Vegeta- 
bile tartarizatum,Botass33  tartras — a.  Vegetabile 
vitriolatum,  Potassa?  sulphas — a.  Volatile  ace- 
tatum,  Liquor  ammonia?  acetatis — a.  Volatile 
aeratum,  Ammonia?  carbonas — a.  Volatile  er. 
sale  ammoniaco,  Ammonia?  carbonas. 

ALCALIGENE,  Azote. 

ALCALINITY.     See  Alkalescence. 

ALCANA,  Anchusa  officinalis. 

ALCANNA  MAJOR  LATIFOLIA  DEN- 
TATA,  Prinos — a.  Orientalis,  Lawsonia  iner- 
mis— a.  Spuria,  Anchusa  tinctoria — a.  Vera, 
Lawsonia  inermis. 

ALCEA,  Hibiscus  abelmoschus — a.  ,/Egyp- 
tiaca,  Hibiscus  abelmoschus— a.  Indica,  Hibis- 
cus abelmoschus. 


ALCHACHENGE 


32 


ALETRIS 


Alce'a  Ro'sea,  Common  hollyhock.     Emol- 
lient, like  Althrea. 
ALCHACHENGE,  Physalis. 
ALCHACHIL,  Rosmarinus. 
ALCHAEST,  Alcahest. 

ALCHEMIL'LA,  said  to  have  been  celebrated 
with  the  Alchemists  [?]    A.  vulgaris,  Common 
Ladies'  Mantle,  Pes  Leo'nis,  Leontopo'dium  (F.) 
Pied  de  Lion.     Formerly  in  great  repute  as  an 
astringent  in  hemorrhage. 
ALCHEMY,  Alchymy. 
ALCII1TRAM.     See  Pinus  Sylvestris. 
ALCHITURA.     See  Pinus  Sylvestris. 
ALCHYMY,  Mchemy,  Alchemi'a,  Mckimi'a, 
Adep'ta  PhUosoph'ia,  from  al,  an  Arabic  particle, 
signifying '  superiority,excellence,'  and  Chimin, 
1  Chymistry.'    This  word  was  formerly  synony- 
mous with  Chymistry;  but,  from  the  7th  cen- 
tury, it  has  been  applied  to  the  mysterious  art 
of  endeavouring  to  discover  a  universal  remedy, 
and  a  mode  of  transmuting  the  baser  metals 
into  gold:  an  operation  to  which  they  gave  the 
name  Opus  magnum,  and  Philosopher  s  stone. 

Alchymy  has  also  been  called  Scien'tia  vel 
Philosopk'ia  Hermel'ica,  from  an  idea  that  Her- 
mes or  Mercury  was  its  inventor. 

Harris  has  well  defined  this  chimerical  art: 
'  Ars  sine  arte,  cujus  principium  est  mentiri,  me- 
dium laborarc,  et  finis  mendicare.' 

Al'chymist,  Flalua'rius,  Adept'.  One  pre- 
tending to  alchymy. 

ALCOCALUM,  Cynara  scolymus. 
AL'COHOL,  Al'cool,Al'kool.  An  Arabic  word, 
formerly  used  for  an  impalpable  powder,  and 
signifying  'very  subtile,  much  divided.'  At  the 
present  day  it  is  applied  to  highly  rectified  spi- 
rit of  wine.  See  Spiritus  rectificatus,  or  rectified 
spirit,  distilled  from  dried  subcarbonate  of  po- 
tassa.  In  the  Ph.  U.  S.  Alcohol  is  rectified  spi- 
rit of  the  specific  gravity  0.835. 

Alcohol  is  an  inflammable  liquor,  lighter  than 
water,  of  a  warm,  acrid  taste,  colourless,  trans- 
parent, and  of  a  pungent,  aromatic  smell.  It  is 
the  product  of  the  distillation  of  vinous  liquors; 
is  miscible  with  water  in  all  proportions,  and 
is  the  direct  solvent  of  resins,  balsams,  &c. 
Various  other  vegetable  principles  are  soluble 
in  it,  and  hence  it  is  used,  in  different  states  of 
concentration,  in  the  preparation  of  elixirs,  tinc- 
tures, essences,  etc. 

Alcohol  acts  on  the  animal  body  as  a  power- 
ful stimulus:  as  such,  in  a  dilute  form,  it  is 
used  in  the  prevention  and  cure  of  disease.  Its 
habitual  and  inordinate  use  is  the  cause  of  many 
serious  affections,  of  a.  chronic  character  espe- 
cially, as  visceral  obstructions,  dropsy,  &c. 

Alcohol  JEtiiereus  Ferratus,  A.  sulfurico- 
nethereus  ferri— a.  cum  Aloe  perfoliata,  Tinc- 
tura  aloes — a.  Ammonise  et  guaiaci,  Tinctura 
guaiaci  ammoniata — a.  Ammoniatum,  Spiritus 
ammoniaj—  a.  Ammoniatum  aromaticum,  Spi- 
ritus ammonia;  aromalicus — a.  Ammoniatum 
foetidum,  Spiritus  ammoniae  foetidus — a.  cum 
Aromatibussulphuricatus,  Sulphuricum  acidum 
aromaticum— a.  cum  Aromatibus  compositus, 
Tinctura  cinnamoini  composita — a.  Castoria- 
tum,  Tinctura  castorei — a.  cum  Crotone  casca- 
rillu,  Tinctura  cascarillae — a.  Dilutum,  Spiritus 
tenuior— a.  Ferratus,  Tinctura  ferri  murialis — 
a.  cum  Sulphate  ferri  tartarisatus,  see  Ferrum 
tartarizatum— a.  cum  Guaiaco  officinale  ammo- 
niatua,  Tinctura  guaiaci  ammoniata— a.  lodii, 
Tinctura  Iodinae — a.  cum  Opio,  Tinctura  opii 


—a.  Sulphuricatum,  Elixir  acidum  Hallcri— a. 
Sulphuricum,  Elixir  acidum  Halleri— a.  Sul- 
phuris,  Carbonis  sulphurctum. 

ALCOOL,  Alcohol— a.  Camphre,  Spiritus 
camphors. 

ALCOOLAT,  Tincture. 

ALCOOLATUM,  Tincture— a.  Antiscorbu- 
ticum,  Tinctura  de  cochleariis — a.  Carminati- 
vum  Sylvii,  Tinctura  carminativa  Sylvii — a.  de 
Cochleariis,  Tinctura  de  Cochleariis — a.  de 
Croco  compositum,  Tinctura  de  croco  compo- 
sita. 

ALCOOLISER  (F.)  Formerly,  'to  reduce 
into  an  impalpable  powder.'  No  longer  used. 
ALCOOLOMETER,  Areometer. 
ALCORJYOQUE  (F.)  Cortex  Alcornoco.  A 
bark,  but  little  known  and  distributed  in  France, 
which  has  been  considered  capable  of  curing 
phthisis.  It  is  bitter,  tonic  and  slightly  astrin- 
gent.    Dose  of  the  powder  ^i  to  ^ss. 

AL'CYON,  Hal'cyon.  A  swallow  of  Cochin 
China,  whose  nests  are  gelatinous  and  very  nu- 
tritious. They  have  been  proposed  in  medicine 
as  analeptic  and  aphrodisiac. 

ALCYO'NIUM,  Bastard  sponge.  The  ashes 
were  formerly  employed  as  dentifrices:  they 
were  believed  proper  for  favouring  the  growth 
of  the  hair  and  the  beard,  and  were  used  in 
Alopecia. 

ALDER,   American,   Alnus   serratula  —  a. 
Black,    Prinos,   Rhamnus    frangula — a.    Euro- 
pean, Alnus  glutinosa. 
ALE,  Cerevisia. 
ALEACAS,  Glycyrrhiza. 
ALECOST,  Tanacetum  balsamita. 
ALECTO'RIUS   LA'PIS,    Alecto'ria;    from 
ukty.TvM,  '  a  cock.'     The  name  of  a  stone,  sup- 
posed to  exist  in  the  stomach  of  the  cock,  or, 
according  to  others,  in  that  of  the  capon,  four 
years  old.     Many  marvellous  properties  were 
formerly  attributed  to  it,  which  are  as  ground- 
less as  its  existence.    There  are  no  stones  in  the 
stomach,  except  what  have  been  swallowed 
ALEGAR,  Acetum. 
ALEHOOF,  Glechoma  hederacea. 
ALEIMMA,  Liniment. 
ALEIPHA,  Liniment. 

ALEIPTE'RIUM,  from  u/.mcvj,  'I  anoint. 
The  place  in  the  ancient  gymnasium  where  the 
combatants  anointed  themselves. 

ALEIP'TRON.     Same  etymon.     A  box  for 
containing  ointments. 
ALEMA,  Farina. 

ALEM'BIC  (Arab.)  Moorshead,  Caphcl'lium, 
<  apdulum,  (F.)  Alambic.  A  utensil  made  of 
glass,  metal,  or  earthen  ware,  and  adapted  for 
distillation.  It  consists  of  a  body  or  cucurbit,  to 
which  is  attached  a  head  or  capital,  and  out  of 
this  a  beak  descends  laterally  to  be  inserted  into 
the  receiver. 

•  AL,KM'BR9TH  {Salt.)  The  alchymists  de- 
signated by  this  name,  and  by  those  of  Sal 
supiemtux  Salvit.x  and  S.  Scien'tia:,  the  product 
resulting  from  the  sublimation  of  a  mixture  of 
corrosive  sublimate  and  sal  ammoniac  It  is 
stimulant,  but  not  employed 

ALkSE  (F.)  Alhze,  Lin'teum,  from  u!^-w  <I 
preserve.  A  guard.  A  cloth  arranged  in'seve- 
ral  folds,  and  placed  upon  a  bed,  so  as  to  <rUard 
it  from  the  loclnal  or  other  discharaes 

A LETON,  Farina. 

ALETRIS,  A.  farinosa. 

Al'ettus,  A.  Farino'su,  Star  grass,  Startcort 


ALEURON 


33 


ALIPTA 


Blazing  slur,  Aloe-root,  Bitter  grass,  Blade  root, 
Unicorn  root,  Ague  root,  Ague  grass,  Devil's  bit, 
Mealy  star  wort,  (F.)  Alctris  Meunier.   jYat.  Ord. 
Asphodeleos.    Sex.  Syst.  Hexandria  Monogynia. 
This  plant  is  an  intense  and  permanent  bitter, 
and    is   used   as  a  tonic   and  stomachic.     It  is 
common  in  the  United  States. 
ALEURON,  Farina. 
ALEUROTESIS.    See  Cribration. 
ALEXANDERS,  Smyrnium  olusatrum. 
ALEXANDRl  ANT1DOTUS  AUREA.  See 
Alexandrine. 

ALEXAN'DRINE,  Emplas'lrum  Alcxan'dri. 
A  garlic  plaster,  invented  by  Alexander,  con- 
temporary of  Mesue.    Other  ancient  prepara- 
tions were  called  '  Alexandrine;'  as  the  Alex- 
an! dri  antid'otus  au'rea,  used  in  apoplexy;  the 
Collyr'ium  siccum  Alexundri'num,  or  '  Collyrium 
of  Kino-  Alexander,'  mentioned  by  Aetius. 
ALEXICACUM,  Amuletuin,  Alexipharmic. 
ALEXIPHAR'AllC,  Alexiphar'macus,  Anii- 
pliar'macus,  Alcxica'cus,   Caco-alexitc'ria,   Lexi- 
pkar'macus,  (F.)  Alexipharmai/ue,  from  aXi $uv, 
;  to  repel,'  and  (paQuaxov,  '  poison.'    A  term  for- 
merly used   for  medicines  which  were  consi- 
dered proper  for  expelling  from  the  body  vari- 
ous morbific  principles,  or  for  preventing  the 
bad  effects  of  poisons  taken  inwardly. 
ALEXIPYRETICUS,  Febrifuge. 
ALEXIR,  Elixir. 

ALEXITE'RIA,  from  al.tiaodcu,  'to  assist.' 
Originally,  alcxiterium  was  used  synonymously 
with  remedy.  In  more  modern  times  it  has 
been  applied  to  a  class  of  medicines,  that  coun- 
teract poisons  placed  in  contact  with  the  exte- 
rior of  the  body,  in  contradistinction  to  alexi- 
pharmic. 

ALEXITERIUM  CHLORICUM,  see  Disin- 
fection—a.  Nitricum,  see  Disinfection. 
ALEZE,  Alese. 
ALFUSA,  Tutia. 
ALGALIE,  Catheter. 

AL'GAROTH,  Al'garot,  Algaro'thi  Pulvis, 
Pulvis  Angel' icus,  Ox'idum  seu  submu'rias  Stib'ii 
prsecipitan'do  para'tum,  Antimo'nii  Ox'ydum, 
Ox'idum  antimo'nii  jVitro-murial'icum,  Ox'idum 
Stib'ii  Ad'ido  Muriat'ico  oxygena.'to  para'tum, 
Mrrcu'rius  Vila,  Mcrcu'rius  Mortis,  so  called 
from  Victor  Algarothi,  a  Veronese  physician. 
The  sub- muriate  of  protoxide  of  antimony,  sepa- 
rated from  the  muriate  of  antimony  by  wash- 
inn-  away  some  of  its  acid.  It  was  formerly 
much  used  as  an  emetic,  purgative,  and  dia- 
phoretic. 

ALGE'DO,  from  aXyos, '  pain.'    Violent  pain 
about  the  neck  of  the  bladder,  occasionally  oc- 
curring in  gonorrhoea. — Cockburn. 
ALGEDON,  Pain. 
ALGEMA,  Pain. 
ALGESIS,  Pain. 
ALGETIC  US.    See  Algos. 
AL'GIDUS,  from  algor,  '  cold.'    That  which 
is  accompanied  by  coldness. 

Ai'cida  Fkbius,  F.  Iiorrif'ica,  F.  quer'quera. 
(F.)  Fievrc  atgide.    A  pernicious  intermittent, 
accompanied  =by  icy  coldness,  which  is  often 
fatal  in  the  second  or  third  paroxysm. 
ALGOR,  Rigour. 

ALGOS,  alyoc,  'pain.'  See  Pain.  Hence, 
Alirct'icus,  'painful,'  as  Epilep'sia  a/get'ica.  The 
tutrix  a/jria  has  th4  same  signification,  as  in 
Cephalalgia,  Pleuralgia,  .Xeuralgia,  &c. 


ALHAGI,  Agul. 

ALIB1L1S,  Nutritious. 

Ah'lCA,Hal'ica,  Farina1 rium,  Chondrus,  from 
alere,  '  to  nourish.'  A  grain  from  which  the 
ancients  made  their  tisanes;  supposed,  by  some, 
to  have  been  the  Triticum  Spt'ta.  At  times,  it 
seems  to  have  meant  the  tisane  itself. 

AI/1CES,  from  uXilvj,  'I  sprinkle.'  Spots 
which  precede  the  eruption  of  smallpox. 

AL1ENATIO,  Anomalia. 

ALIENATION,  MENTAL,  Insanity. 

ALIENUS,  Delirious. 

ALIFORMES  MUSCULI,  Pterygoid  mus- 

AL1FORMIS,  Pterygoid. 

ALIGULUS,  Confection. 

ALIMELL.^,  Parotid. 

AL'IMENT,  Alimen'tum,  Ciba'rium,  Broma, 
Comis'te,  Cibus,  Esca,  Jsutri'tus,  Nutrimen'tum, 
Sitos,  TrophS,  (F.)  Aliment,  Nourriture,  from 
alere,  'to  nourish.'  Food.  Any  substance  which, 
if  introduced  into  the  system,  is  capable  of  nou- 
rishing it  and  repairing  its  losses. 

The  study  of  aliments  forms  one  of  the  most 
important  branches  of  hygiene.  They  are  con- 
fined to  the  organized  kingdom, — the  mineral 
affording  none. 

As  regards  the  immediate  principles  which 
predominate   in    their  composition,  the)'  have 
been  classed,  but  imperfectly,  as  follows. 
TABLE  OF  ALIMENTS. 

t  Wheat,  barley,  oats,  rye,  rice,  In- 

1.  Feculaccous.      <      dian  corn,  potato,    sago,  peas, 

(     beans,  &c. 

t  Carrot,  salsify,  beet,  turnip,  aspa- 

2.  Mucilaginous.   I     ragus,    cabbage,    leituce,    arti- 

(      choke,  melon,  &c. 
Sugar,   fig,   date,  raisin,   apricot, 

&c. 
Orange,       currant,       gooseberry, 
cherry,  peach,  strawberry,  rasp- 
berry, mulberry,  prune,  pear,  ap- 
ple, sorrel,  &c. 
,   i  Cocoa,  olive,  sweet  almond,  nut, 

5.  Oleaginous  and  J      wainut.  animal  fat,  oil,  butter, 

Fatty.  (     &c 

6.  Caseous.  Different  kinds  of  milk,  cheese. 

(Tendon,  aponeurosis,  true   skin, 

7.  Gelatinous.        <      cellular    texture;    very     young 

(     animals. 

8.  Mlbuminous.  Brain,  nerve,  eggs,  &c. 
<J.  Fibrinous.  Flesh  and  blood. 

Dr.  Prout  has  four  great  classes — the  aqueous, 
saccharine,  oleaginous,  and  albuminous :— Dr. 
Pereira  twelve; — the  aqueous,  mucilaginous 
or  gummy,  saccharine,  amylaceous,  ligneous, 
pectlnaceous,  acidulous,  alcoholic,  oily  or  fatty, 
proteinaceous,  gelatinous,  and  saline. 

ALIMENTARY  TUBE,  Canal,  alimentary. 

ALIMENTATION,  Alimenta'tio.  The  act 
of  nourishing. 

ALIMENTUM,  Pabulum. 

ALIMOS,  Glycvrrhiza. 

ALINDE'SIS,  from  alivdouai,  'to  be  turned 
about.'  A  species  of  exercise,  which  consisted 
in  rolling  in  the  dust,  after  having  been  anointed 
with  oil. — Hippocr. 

ALIPJE'NOS.  Alipx'num,  Alipan'tos,  from  a, 
priv.  and  iwravnir,  'to  be  fat.'  An  epithet  for- 
merly given  to  every  external  remedy,  devoid 
of  fat  or  moisture;  such  as  powders. — Galen. 

ALIPANTOS,  Alipcenos. 

ALIP'TA,  Aliptcs,  fr»m  «Af«p>,  'I  anoint.' 
He  who  anointed  the  Athletes  after  bathing. 
The  place  where  this  was  done  was  called 
Alipte'rium. 


3.  Saccharine. 


4.  Acidulous. 


ALIPTICA 


34 


ALLIUM 


ALIP'TICA,  s.ime  etymon.  Tlie  part  of  an- 
cient medicine,  which  treated  of  inunction,  as 
a  means  of  preserving  health. 

ALISIER  BLANC,  Cratcgus  aria. 
ALISMA,  Arnica  montana. 
Ai.is'ma   Planta'go,    Water   Plantain,   (F.) 
Plantain  d'Eau.     Nat.   Ord.  Alismacea?.     Sex. 
Syst.    Hexandria  Polygynia.      The  fresh    root 
is   acrid,   and   the   dried    leaves   will   vesicate. 
The  leaves  have  been  proposed  as  substitutes 
for  Uva  Ursi. 
ALITURA,  Nutrition. 

AL'KALE,  O'leum  Galli'na.  An  ancient  phar- 
maceutical name  for  pullets'  fat. 
ALKALESCENCE,  Alcalescence. 
ALKALI,  see  Alcali — a.  Ammoniacum  caus- 
ticum,  Ammonia — a.  Ammoniacum  spirituo- 
eum,  Spiritus  ammonia? — a.  Minerale  nitratum, 
Soda,  nitrate  of — a.  Minerale  phosphoratum, 
Soda,  phosphate  of — a.  Minerale  salinum,  Soda, 
muriate  of — a.  Vegetable,  Potash — a.  Vegetabile 
cum  aceto,Potassa?  acetas — a.  Vegetabile  fixum 
causticum,  Potassa  fusa — a.  Volatile,  Ammonia 
— a.  Volatile  causticum,  Ammonia — a.  Volatile, 
concrete,  Ammonia?  carbonas — a.  Volatile  nitra- 
tum, Ammonia?  nitras — a.  Volatile  tartarizatum, 
Ammonia?  tartras — a.  Volatile  vitriolatum,  Am- 
monia? sulphas. 

A LKANET,  BASTARD,  Lithospermum  offi- 
cinale— a.  Dyer's,  Anchusa  tinctoria — a.  Gar- 
den, Anchusa  officinalis — a.  Officinal,  Anchusa 
officinalis. 

ALKAR.  Medicament. 
ALKEKENGI,  Physalis. 
ALKER'MES,  Confec'tio  Alker'mcs,  Alcher1- 
mes.     A   celebrated  electuary,  composed   of  a 
multitude  of  substances.     It  was  so  called  from 
the  grains  of  kermes  contained   in   it.     It  was 
used  as  a  stimulant.    Also,  kermes  (q.  v.) 
ALKERVA,  see  Ricinus  communis. 
ALKITRAN,  Cedria. 
ALKOOL,  Alcohol. 
ALLA,  Cerevisia. 
ALLAITEMENT,  Lactation. 
ALLAMAN'DA,^!.  Calhar'tica,  Ore 'Via  gran- 
diflora,  Gal'arips,  Echi'nus  scandens,  Apoc"ynum 
scan'dcns.    A  shrub,  native  of  Guiana,  the  infu- 
sion of  whose  leaves  is  said  by  Linna?us  to  be 
useful  in  colica  Pictonum. 

ALLANTOIC  ACID,  Ad'idum  allanto'icum. 
A  peculiar  acid,  found  in  the  liquor  of  the 
atlantois  of  the  cow. 

ALLAINTOIS,  Allantotdes,  Membra'na  uri- 
na'ria,  M.  Farcimina'lis,  M.  Intestina'lis,  the 
Allantoid  Vesicle,  from  alias,  'a  sausage,'  and 
udog,  'shape.'  A  sort  of  elongated  bladder,  be- 
tween the  chorion  and  amnion  of  the  foetus,  and 
communicating  with  the  bladder  by  the  urachus. 
It  is  very  apparent  in  quadrupeds,  but  not  in  the 
human  species.  The  fluid  of  the  allantois  has 
been  considered  inservient  to  the  nutrition  of 
the  fcetus;  but  our  ideas,  in  regard  to  the  vesi- 
cle, in  man,  are  far  from  beinor  determinate. 

ALLANTOTOX'ICUM,  from  alXac,  'a  sau- 
sage,' and  Tofctxev,  'a  poison.'  The  Germans 
have  given  this  name  to  a  poison  developed  in 
sausages  formed  of  blood  and  liver. 
ALLELUIA,  Oxalis  acetosella. 
ALLE'VIATOR :  from  ad,  'to,'  and  levare,  'to 
raise.'  A  soother.  An  instrument  for  raising 
invalids,  invented  by  Mr.  Jenks  of  Rhode 
Island.  It  consists  of  two  upright  posts,  about 
six  feet  high,  each  supported  by  a  pedestal;  of^ 


two  horizontal  bars  at  the  top,  rather  longer 
than  a  common  bedstead;  of  a  windlass  of  the 
same  length;  placed  six  inches  below  the  upper 
bar;  of  a  cog-wheel  and  handle;  of  linen  belts 
from  six  to  twelve  inches  wide;  of  straps  se- 
cured at  one  end  of  the  windlass;  and  at  the 
other  having  hooks  attached  to  corresponding 
eyes  in  the  linen  belts,  and  of  a  head  piece 
made  of  netting.  The  patient  lying  on  his 
mattress,  the  surgeon  passes  the  linen  belts  be- 
neath his  body,  attaching  them  to  the  hooks  on 
the  ends  of  the  straps,  and  adjusting  the  whole 
at  the  proper  distance  and  length,  so  as  to  ba- 
lance the  body  exactly,  and  then  raises  it  from 
the  mattress  by  turning  the  handle  of  the  wind- 
lass. To  lower  the  patient  again,  and  replace 
him  on  the  mattress,  the  windlass  must  be  re- 
versed. 

ALLGOOD,  Chenopodium  bonus  Henricus. 

ALLHEAL,  Heracleum  spondylium. 

ALLIA'CEOUS,  Allia'ceus,  from  allium,  'gar- 
lic'    Belonging  to  garlic,  as  alliaceous  odour. 

ALLIAIRE,  Alliaria. 

ALLIA'RIA,  from  allium,  its  smell  resem- 
bling garlic.  A.  qficina'lis,  Erys'imum  allia'ria, 
Jack-in-the-hedge,  Stinking  hedge  Mustard, 
Fledge  Garlic,  Sauce-alone,  Hes'peris  allia'ria, 
(F.)  Alliaire.  This  plant  has  been  sometimes 
given  in  humid  asthma  and  dyspnoea.  It  is  re- 
puted to  be  diaphoretic,  diuretic,  and  antiscor- 
butic. 

The  Parisian  Codex  has  a  compound  syrup 
of  alliaria,  Sirop  a" erysimum  compost,  which  i3 
used  in  hoarseness. 

ALLIGATURA,  Fascia,  Ligature. 

AL'LIUM,  from  oleo,  'I  smell.'  A.  sati'vum. 
Theriaca  rustico'rum.,  Ampelop'rasum,  Scoi'o- 
don,  Garlic^  (F.)  Ail.  Nat.  Ord.  Asphodelea?. 
Sex.  Syst.  Hexandria  Monogynia.  A  native  of 
Sicily,  but  cultivated  for  use.  The  bulbs  or 
cloves,  Ag'lithes,  have  a  strong,  offensive,  and 
penetrating  odour;  and  a  sweetish,  biting,  and 
caustic  taste.  Internally,  garlic  is  stimulant, 
diuretic,  expectorant,  emmenagogue  (?),  dia- 
phoretic, and  anthelmintic.  Externally,  it  is 
rubefacient,  maturative,  and  repellent 

Dose,  one  to  six  cloves,  swallowed  whole,  or 
from  f.  gss  to  f.  ^ij  of  the  juice. 

Taylor's  Remedy  for  Deafness,  a  nostrum, 
appears  to  consist  of  garlic,  infused  in  oil  of 
almonds,  and  coloured  by  alkanet  root. 

Allium  Ascalonicum,  kchalotte. 

Al'lium  Cepa,  Common  Onion,  Cepul'la, 
Crom'mijon.  (F.)  Oignon.  Acrid  and  stimu- 
lating, and  possessing  very  little  nutriment. 
Onions  have  been  used  as  stimulants,  diuretics, 
and  anthelmintics.  The  boiled  or  roasted 
onion,  as  a  cataplasm,  is  emollient  and  matu- 
rating. The  fresh  root  is  rubefacient.  The 
expressed  juice  is  sometimes  used  in  otalgia 
and  in  rheumatism. 

Allium  Gallicum,  Portulaca. 

Al'lium  Porrum,  Porrum,  Prasum,  noaaov, 
the  Leek  or  Porret;  (F.)  Poireau,  Porreau.  It 
possesses  the  same  properties  as  the  onion. 

The  virtues  of  the  genus  Allium  depend  upon 
an  acrid  principle,  soluble  in  water,  alcohol, 
acids,  and  alkalies. 

Allium  Redolens,  Teucrium  scordium 

Al'lium  Victokia'lL,  Vietoria'lis  longa. 
J  he  root,  which,  when  dried,  loses  its  allia- 
ceous smell  and  taste,  is  said  to  be  efficacious 


ALLOCHOOS 


35 


ALTHRANT 


in  allaying  the  abdominal  spasms  of  pregnant 
women  (?) 

ALLOCHOOS,  Delirious. 
ALLOCHROMA'SIA,  from  aU.og,  'another,' 
and  xQwua,  'colour.'     A  change  of  colour. 

ALLOIOSIS,  Alteration. 
ALLOIOTICUS,  Alterative. 

ALLOAGEMEJYT,  Elongation. 

ALLOPATH,  Allopathist. 

ALLOPATHIC,  Allopath' icvs,  Hcteropath'ic, 
from  alXog,  'another,'  and  naScg,  'affection.' 
Relating  to  the  ordinary  method  of  medical 
practice,  in  contradistinction  to  the  homoeo- 
pathic. 

ALLOP'ATHIST,  Atlopath,  same  etymon 
One  who  follows  allopathy. 

ALLOP'ATHY,  Allopathi'a,  same  etymon. 
The  opposite  to  homceopathy.  The  ordinary 
medical  practice. 

ALLOPHASIS,  Delirium. 

ALLOTRIODON'TIA,  from  aXlorqto(,  'fo- 
reign,' and  oSovg,  'a  tooth.'  Transplantation  of 
teeth. 

ALLOTRIOGEUST1A,  Parageustia. 

ALLOTRIOPHAGIA,  Malacia. 

ALLOTRIU'RIA,  from  aUoTQiog,  'foreign,' 
and  oj.'gor,  'urine.'  Admixture  of  foreign  mat- 
ters with  the  urine. 

AL'LOTROPISM;  from  aUcg,  'another,' and 
T^o-nog,  'a  turn  or  change.'  A  term  recently 
introduced  into  chemistry;  the  object  of  which 
is  to  express  the  property  possessed  by  certain 
simple  bodies,  of  assuming  different  qualities  on 
being  subjected  to  certain  modes  of  treatment. 
Carbon,  for  example,  furnishes  three  forms — 
plumbago,  charcoal,  and  diamond. 

ALLSPICE,  see  Myrtus  pimenta — a.  Bush, 
Laurus  Benzoin — a.  Wild,  Laurus  Benzoin. 

ALLUC1NATIO,  Hallucination. 

ALLURE,  Influenza. 

ALMA,  Water. 

ALMARIAB,  see  Plumbi  oxydum  semivi- 
treum. 

ALMEZERION,  Cneorum  tricoccum. 

ALMOND,  Amygdala. 

Almond  Bloom.  A  liquid  cosmetic,  formed 
of  Brazil  dust,  §j,  water,  Oiij;  boil  and  strain; 
and  add  isinglass  gvj,  grand  sylvestria  gij,  or 
cochineal  gij,  alum  ^j,  borax  ^iij;  boil  again, 
and  strain  through  a  fine  cloth. 

Almond  Cake,  see  Amygdala — a.  of  the  Ear, 
Tonsil — a.  Paste,  see  Amygdala — a.  Powder, 
see  Amygdala — a.  of  the  Throat,  Tonsil. 

ALNUS  G LUTINO'S A, Europe'an  A Ider.  A 
tree  which  grows  in  Europe,  in  moist  places. 
The  bark  and  leaves  are  astringent  and  bit- 
ter; and  hence  are  employed  in  intermittents, 
and  as  a  tonic  and  astringent. 

Alnus  Serrat'ula,  American  Alder,  has 
similar  properties. 

Alnus  Nigra,  Rhamnus  frangula. 

ALOEDA'RIUM.  A  compound  medicine, 
containing  aloes. — Gorroeus. 

ALOE  ROOT,  Aletris  farinosa. 

AL'OES,  Al'oe,  Fel  Na'tura.  The  inspissated 
juice  of  the  aloe.  JVal.  Ord,  Asphodelece.  Sex. 
Syst.  Hexandria  Monogynia. 

Aloes  Caballi'na,  A.  Guinien'sis,  Horse- 
aloes.  Used  chiefly  for  horses.  It  is  collected 
in  Spain  and  Portugal,  and  is  very  coarse. 

Aloes  Hepat'ica,  A.  vulga'ris,  A.  Barba- 
dcn'sis,  Hepat'ic  aloes,  Bombay  aloes,  Barbadoes 
aloes,    A.   vulgaris  exlractum,   (F.)    Aloes    en 


calibasscs,  A.  des  Barbades.  This  species  has 
a  very  disagreeable  odour,  and  an  intensely 
bitter  and  nauseous  taste.  Properties  the  same 
as  the  last. 

Aloes  Succotori'na,  Sdc'otrinealocs,  Turkey 
aloes,  East  India  aloes,  Aloes  lu'ci,da,A.  Zoctori'- 
nia,  A.  spica'ta,  A.  spica'ttB  extrac'tiim,  A.  extrac- 
tum,An'ima  Aloes,  is  the  best  species.  Its  odour 
is  not  unpleasant,  taste  very  bitter,  and  slight- 
ly aromatic ;  colour  reddish-brown,  with  a  shade 
of  purple;  mass  hard,  friable;  fracture  conchoi- 
dal  and  glossy  ;  soluble  in  dilute  alcohol. 
Powder  of  a  bright  cinnamon-yellow  colour. 
It  is  cathartic,  warm,  and  stimulating;  ernme- 
nagogue,  anthelmintic,  and  stomachic.  As  a 
cathartic,  it  affects  the  rectum  chiefly.  Dose, 
as  a  cathartic,  gr.  v  to  9J  in  P'11- 

Aloes  Wood,  Agallochum. 

A  LOET'IC,  Aloet'icus.  A  preparation  which 
contains  aloes. 

ALOGOTROPH'IA,  from  aloyog, ,' dispro- 
portionate,' and  Tgo<pj;,  'nutrition.'  Irregular 
nutrition.  Used  particularly  to  designate  the 
irregular  manner  in  which  the  nutrition  of 
bones  is  operated  in  rickety  individuals. 

ALOPECES,  Psose. 

ALOPE'CIA,  from  alomfc,  'a  fox;'  (this 
animal  being  said  to  be  subject  to  the  affec- 
tion.) Capillo'rum  defiu'vium,  Athrix  depi'lis, 
Phalacro'tis,  A'rea,  Depila'tio,  Tricho'sis  Ath- 
rix, Gangra'na  Alope'cia.  Falling  off  of  the 
hair;  loss  of  the  hair.  When  this  is  confined 
to  the  crown  of  the  head,  it  is  called  calvities 
(q.  v.),  although  the  terms  are  often  used  sy- 
nonymously. 

Alopecfa  Areata,  Porrigo  decalvans. 

ALOUCHE,  Crataegus  aria. 

ALOUCH'l.  The  name  of  a  gum  procured 
from  the  canella  alba  tree. 

ALOUCHIER,  Crataegus  aria. 

ALPAM.  A  shrub  which  grows  on  the  coast 
of  Malabar.  Certain  parts  of  this,  infused  in 
oil,  form  an  antipsoric  ointment.  The  juice  of 
the  leaves,  mixed  with  that  of  calamus,  is  em- 
ployed against  the  bites  of  serpents. 

ALPHENIO,  Saccharum  candidum. 

ALPH1TEDON,  see  Fracture. 

ALPH1TON,  aXyirov,  Polen'ta,  Fari'na. 
Any  kind  of  meal.  Toasted  barley-meal. — Hip- 
pocrates. Polenta  means  also  a  food  composed 
of  Indian  meal,  cheese,  &c.    See  Farina. 

ALPHON'SIN,  Alphonsinum.  A  kind  of 
bullet  forceps,  similar  to  a  Porte-crayon,  so 
called  from  the  inventor,  Alphonso  Ferri,  of 
Naples. — Scultetus. 

ALPHOS,  Lepra  alphoides. 

ALPHOSIS  jETHIOPICA,  See  Albino. 

ALPINIA  CA  RDAMOMUM,  Amomum  Car- 
damomum — a.  Galanga,  Maranta  galanga. 

ALPISTE,  Phalaris  Canadiensis. 

ALSANDERS,  Smyrnium  olusatrum. 

ALSl'NE  ME'DIA,  from  aloog,  '  a  grove,' 
because  growing  abundantly  in  woods.  Morsus 
Galli'na,  Holos'tcum  Alsi'ne,  Mouse-ear,  Chick- 
icced,  (F.)  Mouron  des  Oiseaux,  Morgeline.  This 
plant,  if  boiled  tender,  may  be  eaten  like  spi- 
nach, and  forms  an  excellent  emollient  poul- 
tice. It  was  formerly  regarded  as  a  vulnerary 
and  determent. 

ALTAFOR-  Camphor. 

ALTER  SEXUS,  Sex  female. 

ALTERA  NS,  Alterative. 

ALTERANT,  Alterative. 


ALTERATION 


36 


ALVEOLUS 


ALTERATION,  Alteru'tio,  from  alter,  ■  other," 
Alloio's/s.  This  word  is  used  in  France  to  ex- 
press a  morbid  change  which  supervenes  in  the 
expression  of  the  countenance  (alteration  de  la 
face,)  or  in  the  structure  of  an  organ  (alteration 
organique,)  or  in  the  nature  of  fluids  excreted 
(alteration  de  I'urine,  des  larmes,  du  lait,  fyc.) 

Alteration  is  also  used  in  an  entirely  differ- 
ent sense,  to  express  intense  thirst  in  disease. 
In  this'  case  its  etymology  is  different.  It 
comes  from  haleter,  and  was  formerly  written 
huhte' ration. 

ALTERATIVE,  Al'terans,  AUoiot'icus.  A 
medicine  considered  to  be  capable  of  producing 
a  salutary  change  in  a  disease,  but  without 
exciting  any  sensible  evacuation.  As  Me- 
dicine improves,  this  uncertain  class  of  re- 
medies becomes,  of  necessity,  diminished  in 
number. 

(F.)  Alterant.  (The  French  term  likewise 
means,  that  which  causes  thirst, — Siticulo'sus. 
Dipscl'icus,  as  Altirer  means  both  to  change 
and  to  cause  thirst.  S'altercr,  is,  to  experience 
a  change  for  the  worse, — corrurn'pi.) 

ALTERCANGENON,  Hyoscyamus. 

ALTERCUM,  Hyoscyamus. 

ALTILE'A,  from  aX&tiv,  'to  heal;'  A.  offi- 
cinalis, Malvavis'cum,  Aristalthse'a,  Hibis'cas, 
Ibis'cka  mismal'va,  Bismal'va,  Marsh-mallow. 
(F.)  Guimauve.  Nat.  Ord.  Malvaceae  Sex. 
Syst.  Monodelphia  Polyandria.  The  leaves 
and  root  contain  much  mucilage.  They  are 
emollient  and  demulcent,  and  are  employed 
wherever  medicines,  possessing  such  proper- 
tips,  are  required.  In  the  Ph.  U.  S.,  Althaea  is 
the  root  of  Althaea  officinalis. 

ALTHANAIHA,  Orpiment. 

ALTHEUS,  Physician. 

ALTHEXIS,  Curation. 

ALTIL1BAT,  Terebint'hina. 

ALU'DEL,  Alu'tel,  Vitrum  subiimato'rium. 
A  hollow  sphere  of  stone,  glass,  or  earthenware, 
with  a  short  neck  projecting  at  each  end,  by 
means  of  which  one  glass  might  be  set  upon 
the  other.  The  uppermost  had  no  aperture  at 
the  top.  Aludels  were  formerly  used  in  the 
sublimation  of  various  substances. 

ALUM,  Symphytum — a.  Egyptian,  ^Egyptia 
stypteria. 

Alum,  Roche,  Alu'mcn  de  Rochi,  (F.)  Alun  de 
Roche.  So  called  from  Roccha  in  Syria,  where 
there  was  a  manufactory.  It  is  in  pieces  of  the 
size  of  an  almond,  covered  with  a  reddish  efflo- 
rescence. 

Common  Roche  Alum,  A.  Rochi  Gallis.  Frag- 
ments of  common  alum,  moistened  and  shaken 
with  prepared  bole.     It  is  white  when  broken. 

Alum  Root,  Geranium  maculatum,  Heu- 
chera  cortusa — a.  Solution  of,  compound,  Liq. 
aluminis  compos. 

ALU'MEN,  (an  Arabic  term,  alum')  Alum, 
llypcrsul'phas  alu'minx  el  Potas'sx,  Potas'sx 
alumino- sulphas,  Sul'phas  Alumina;  Acid'ulus 
rum  Potas'su,  Sulphas  Ala'mina,  Sul'phas  KaV- 
ico-alumiu'icum,  Super  sul'phas  alu'minx  et  po- 
tas'sa,  Argil'la  sulphu'rica  alcalisa'ta,  A.  vilrio- 
Ia'ta,Stypte'ria,  Supersul'phas  Argil'la  atcalisu'- 
tum,  Argilla  Kalisulphurica,     (F.)  Alun. 

Alumen  Catinum,  Potash  of  commerce — a. 
Fixum,  see  Potash — a.  Kinosatum,  Pulvis  sul- 
phatis  alumince  compositus. 

Alu'men  Commu'ne,  Common  alum,  English 
alum,  Rock  alum,  Alumen  facti"tium,  A.  crys- 


taU'inum,  A.  ru'peum,  (F.)  Alun  uVAnglclerre, 
is  the  variety  usually  employed.  It  is  in  octa- 
hedral crystals,  but  generally  in  larye,  white, 
semitransparent  masses;  has  a  sweetish,  styptic 
taste;  effloresces  in  the  air,  and  is  soluble  in  16 
parts  of  water  at  60°.  It  is  tonic  and  astrin- 
gent, and  as  such  is  used  internally  and  exter- 
nally.    Dose,  gr.  v.  to  xv. 

Alu'men  Exsicca'tum,  Alu'men  uslum,  A. 
calcina'tum,  Sulphas  alu'minx  fusus,  Argil'la 
sulphu'rica  usta,  Burnt  alum,  dried  alum.  (F.) 
Alun  calcine,  (Alum  melted  in  an  earthen  vessel 
until  ebullition  ceases.)     Escharotic. 

Alu'men  Roma'num,  Roman  alum,  A.Ru'tilum, 
A.  Rubrum.  (F.)  Alun  de  Rome,  in  crystals, 
which  are  of  a  pale  red  when  broken,  and  co- 
vered, with  a  reddish  efflorescence. 

ALUMINA,  ACETATE  OF,  Alumina;  Ace- 
tas — a.  Pura,  Argilla  pura — a.  Sulphate  of, 
Alumince  Sulphas. 

ALU'MIJNLE  ACE'TAS,  Ac"etate  ofAlu'mina, 
A  deliquescent  salt,  obtained  by  the  addition  of 
acetate  of  lead  to  sulphate  of  alumina  and  po- 
lassa.  It  possesses  the  same  properties  as  the 
sulphate  of  alumina. 

Alu'minje  et  Potassje  Hvpersulphas,  Alu- 
men— a.  et  Potassse  supersulphas,  Alumen — a. 
sulphas,  Alumen. 

Alu'minx  Sulphas,  Sulphate  of  Alu'mina. 
Simple  sulphate  of  alumina  may  be  made  by  the 
direct  combination  of  alumina  and  sulphuric 
acid,  and  contains  30  per  cent,  of  the  former, 
to  70  per  cent,  of  the  latter.  It  is  a  deliquescent 
salt;  and  is  an  excellent  antiseptic  and  deter- 
gent to  ulcers.  It  is  chiefly  used  to  preserve 
dead  bodies — a  strong  solution  being  injected 
into  the  arteries. 

Aluminje  Sulphas  Acidulus  cum  Potassa, 
Alumen — a.  Sulphas  fusus,  Alumen  exsiccatum. 

ALUMINE  FACTICE,  Argilla  pura. 

ALlhY,  Alumen. 

ALUNSEL,  Gutta. 

ALUS,  Symphytum. 

ALUSIA,  Hallucination — a.  Hypochondriasis, 
Hypochondriasis. 

ALUTEL,  Aludel. 

ALVAQUILLA,  Psoralea  glandulosa. 

ALVEARIUM,  Auditory  canal,  external. 

ALVE'OLAR.  Alveola'ris,  from  alveus,  'a 
cavity.'  (F.)  Alveolairc.  That  which  relates 
to  the  alveoli. 

Alve'olar  Arches.  (F.)  Arcades  alvdo- 
laires,  are  formed  by  the  margins  of  the  two 
jaws,  which  are  hollowed  by  the  Alveoli  (q.  v.) 

Alve'olar  Artery,  Supra- mamillary  A. 
(Artere  sus-maxillairc  of  Chaussier,)  arises  from 
the  internal  maxillary,  descends  behind  the  tu- 
berosity of  the  upper  jaw,  and  gives  branches 
to  the  upper  molar  teeth,  gums,  periosteum, 
membrane  of  the  maxillary  sinus,  and  buccina- 
tor muscle. 

Alve'olar  Membranes  are  yery  fine  mem- 
branes, situate  between  the  teeth  and  alveoli, 
and  formed  by  a  portion  of  the  sac  or  follicle 
which  enclosed  the  tooth  before  it  pierced  the 
gum.  By  some  this  membrane  has  been  called 
the  alvcolo-dental  periosteum. 

Alve'olar  Vein.  This  has  a  similar  distribu- 
tion with  the  artery. 

ALVAOLE,  Alveolus. 

ALVtiOLO-LABlAL,  Buccinator. 

ALVE'OLUS,  same  etymon.  Bo' Irion,  Bo'- 
thrwn,  Frcna,  Mortariolum,  Ilol'micos,  Prxsepio- 


ALVEUS 


AMBRA 


ium,Phat'nion,Pra'.se'pium,PatnS,PathnS.  (F.) 
Alvdole.  The  alveoli  are  the  sockets  of  the  teeth, 
into  which  they  are,  as  it  were,  driven.  Their 
size  and  shape  are  determined  by  the  teeth 
which  they  receive,  and  they  are  pierced  at 
the  apex  by  small  holes,  which  give  passage 
to  the  dental  vessels  and  nerves. 

ALVEUS,  Auge — a.  Ampullosus,  Recepta- 
culum  chyli — a.  Ampullescens,  thoracic  duct — 
a.  Communis:  see  Semicircular  canals — a. 
Utriculosus:  see  Semicircular  canals. 

ALVI  EXCRETIO,  Defecation— a.  Fluxus 
aquosus,  Diarrhoea — a.  Pronuvium,  Diarrhcea. 
ALVIDUCUS,  Laxative. 
ALVINE,  Alvi'nus,  from  ahus,  'the  abdo- 
men.' That  which  relates  to  the  lower  belly, 
as  alvine  dejections,  alvine  flux,  alvine  obstruc- 
tions, (q.  v.)  &c. 

ALVUS,    Abdomen,   Uterus— a.    Adstricta, 
Constipation — a.    Dura,    Constipatio — a.    Re- 
num,  Pelvis  of  the  kidney— a.  Tarda,  Consti- 
pation. 
ALYCE,  Anxiety. 

AL'YPON,  from  a,  privative,  and  Xvrrr„  'pain.' 
An  acrid,  purging  plant,  described  by  Matthio- 
lus.     By  some  it  has  been  supposed  to  be  the 
Globula'ria  alypum  of  botanists. 
ALYS1S,  Anxiety. 
ALYSM US,  Anxiety. 
ALYSSUM  PL1NII,  Galium  Mollugo. 
AL'ZILAT.    In  some  of  the  Arabian  writers, 
a  weight  of  three  grains. — Ruland  and  John- 
son. 
AMADOU,  Boletus  igniarius. 
AMADOUVIER,  Boletus  igniarius. 
AMA1GRISSEMENT,  Emaciation. 
AMAJYDES,  See  Amygdala. 
AMANI'TJE,  from  a,  priv.  and  uarta,  'mad- 
ness:' i.  e.  '  not  poisonous.'     A  name  given,  by 
the  Greeks  and   Romans,  to  the  edible  cham- 
pignons.    Amanita  forms,  at  the  present  day.  a 
genus,  some  of  which  are  edible,  others  poison- 
ous.    Amongst  others,  it  contains  the  Agaricus 
aurantiaens  and  A.  pseudo-auruntiacus. 
AMARA  DULCIS,  Solanum  dulcamara. 
AMARACl'NUM.    An  ancient  and  esteemed 
plaster,  containing  several  aromatics,  the  mar- 
joram, aiiuQcxxoc,  in  particular. 

AMARACUS,  Origanum  majorana. 
AMAR1TIES.  Bitterness. 
AMARITUDO,  Bitterness. 
AMAROR,  Bitterness. 

AMA'RUS,  Picros,  bitter.  (F.)  Amer.  The 
bitter  principle  of  vegetables  is  the  great  na- 
tural tonic, and  hence  bitters,  as  they  are  termed 
collectively,  belong  to  the  class  of  tonics.  Se- 
veral are  used  in  medicine;  the  chief  are,  gen- 
tian,  quassia,   cinchona,   calumba,   dog-wood, 

AMASE'SIS,  Amassc'sis,  from  a,  privative, 
and  fiuorjOt?,  'mastication.'  Mastication  when 
impeded  or  impracticable. 

AMATORII,  Oblique  muscles  of  the  eye. 

AMATOR1UM  VENEFIC1UM,  Philter. 

AMATORIUS  MUSCULUS,  Obliquus  supe- 
rior oculi. 

AMAURO'SIS,  Obfurca'tio,  Offusca'tio,  from 
auavQoc,  'obscure.'  Drop  serene,  Gutta  sere'na, 
Catarac'ta  nigra,  Parop'sis  amaurosis,  Immo- 
bil'itas  pvpil'lse,  Black  cut'aract.  (F.)  Goutle- 
sercine,  Cataracte  noire,  Anopticnnervie  (Piorry.) 
Diminution,  or  complete  loss  of  sight,  without 
any  perceptible  alteration  in  the  organization 


of  the  eye;  generally,  perhaps,  owing  to  loss  of 
power  of  the  optic  nerve  or  retina.  Counter- 
irritants  are  the  most  successful  remedial 
agents,  although  the  disease  is  always  very 
difficult  of  removal,  and  generally  totally  in- 
curable. 

AMAUROTIC,  Amaurot' icus ;  same  etymon. 
Affected  with  amaurosis. 

Amaurotic  Cat's  Eye.  A  name  given  by 
Beer  to  an  amaurotic  affection,  accompanied 
by  a  remarkable  change  of  colour  in  the  pupil, 
which  presents,  apparently  in  the  fundus  of  the 
eye,  a  lighter  tint,  yellowish  or  brownish  yel- 
low, instead  of  its  natural  clear  black. 

AMBARUM,  Ambergris— a.  Cineritium,  Am- 
bergris. _ 

AMBE,  from  au(iairw,  '  I  ascend;'  Ambi.  A 
superficial  eminence  on  a  bone.  Also,  an  old 
surgical  machine  for  reducing  dislocations  of 
the  shoulder;  the  invention  of  which  is  ascribed 
to  Hippocrates.  It  is  no  longer  used. — Hipp., 
Scultetus. 

AMBER,  Succinum— a.  Liquid:  seeLiquid- 
ambar  styraciflua. 

AM'BERGRIS.  Ambra  gri'sea,  Ambor,Am- 
bra  cinera'cea,  A.  ambrosiaca,  Ain'barum,  Suc'ci- 
num  cine'reum,  S.  gri'seum,  Ain'barum  eincri" - 
tium.  A  concrete  substance,  of  the  consistence 
of  wax,  cineritious  colour  studded  with  yellow 
and  blackish  spots,  and  exhaling  a  very  pleasant 
odour.  It  seems  highly  probable  that  ambergris 
is  formed  in  the  intestines  of  the  whale,  and 
voided  with  its  excrements.  Like  all  aromatic 
substances,  ambergris  is  slightly  antispasmodic 
and  excitant;  but  it  is  oftener  employed  as  a 
perfume  than  as  a  medicine. 

AMBIA.  A  liquid,  yellow  bitumen,  the 
smell  and  virtues  of  which  are  similar  to  those 
of  the  resin  tacamahaca.  It  is  obtained  from  a 
spring  in  India. 

AMBIDEX'TER,  Amphidex'ios,  from  amb<>. 
'both,'  and  dexter,  'right.'  One  who  uses  both 
hands  with  equal  facility.  Celsus  says  the  sur- 
geon ought  to  be  'non  viinus  sinistra  quam 
dextrd  promptus'  One  of  the  aphorisms  of 
Hippocrates  says,  that  a  woman  is  never  ambi- 
dexter.    This  is  a  mistake. 

AMBIL^EVUS,  Ampharisteros. 
AMBLOMA,  Abortion. 
AMBLOSIS,  Abortion. 
AMBLOTHRIDION,  Abortion. 
AMBLOTICUS,  Abortive. 
AMBLUS,  xufiXvs,  'obscure.'     Hence, 
AMBLYOGMOS,  Amblyopia. 
AMBLYO'PIA,  from  au (five,  'obscure,'  and 
unV,    'the    eye.'      AmblyoJmos,   Amblyog'mos, 
Amplio' pea   (so  called   by  some,  according  to 
Castelli,  oh  ignorantiam  Grsccas  linguae,)  Hebe- 
tu'dovisus.    'Feebleness  of  sight.  (F.)  Vuefaible. 
First  degree  of  Amaurosis. — Hippocr. 

Amblyopia  Crepuscularis,  Hemeralopia  — 
a.  Dissitorum,  Myopia — a.  Meridiana,  Nyctalo- 
pia— a.  Proximorum,  Presbytia. 
AMBEYOSMOS,  Amblyopia. 
AMBON,  appwv,  '  the  raised  rim  of  a  shield 
or  dish,'  from  aftpaivto,  'I  ascend.'  The  fibro- 
cartilaginous rings  or  bourrclets,  which  surround 
the  articular  cavities,  as  the  glenoid  cavity  of 
the  scapula,  the  acetabulum,  &.c,  have  been  so 
called  — Galen. 

AMBOR,  Ambergris. 

AMBRA, Succinum — a.  Ambrosiaca,  Amber- 
gris— a.  Cineracea,  Ambergris. 


AMBEAGRISEA 


38 


AMMONIAC  GUM 


AMBRAGRISEA,  Ambergris. 

AMBRE  BLANC,  Succinum  (album)— a. 
Jaune,  Succinum. 

AMBRETTE,  Hibiscus  abelmoschus. 

AMBRO'SIA,  from  a,  privative,  and  (loirc?, 
'  mortal.'  Food  which  makes  immortal,  or  the 
food  of  immortals.  The  food  of  the  gods. — 
Homer.     See  also,  Chenopodium  Botrys. 

Ambro'sia  Marit'ima.  A  plant  which  grows 
on  the  shores  of  the  Levant,  and  has  a  pleasant, 
bitter  and  aromatic  taste.  It  is  given  in  infu- 
sion, as  a  tonic  and  antispasmodic. 

AMBROSIE  DU  MEXiQUE,  Chenopodium 
Ambrosioides. 

AMBULANCE,  (F.)  from  ambulare,  'to 
walk.'  A  military  hospital  attached  to  an  army, 
and  moving  along  with  it.  Also  called  Hopital 
ambulant'. 

AMBULANT,  (F.)  Am'bulans,  Ambulnli'vus, 
Arn'bulative.  A  morbid  affection  is  said  to  be 
ambulante,  when  it  skips  from  one  part  to  ano- 
ther; as  Erisypeles  ambul tints,  &c.  When  blis- 
ters are  applied  successively  on  different  parts 
of  the  body,  they  are  called  Vtsicatoires  am- 
bulant s. 

AMBULATIO,  Walking. 

AMBULE1A.  Cichorium  intybus. 

AM'BULI.  The  Brachmanic  name  for  an 
Indian  aquatic  herb,  which  appears  to  belong  to 
the  family  Lysimachise.  The  whole  plant  has  a 
sweet  smell.  Its  decoction  has  a  very  bitter 
taste,  and  is  an  excellent  febrifuge.  It  is  also 
taken  in  milk  in  cases  of  vertigo. 

AM'BULO  FLATULEN'TUS  ET  FURIO'- 
SUS.  Flatus  furio'sus,  Vare'ni.  Painful,  mo- 
bile, and  periodical  tumours  affecting  different 
parts,  which  were  once  considered  as  the  effect 
of  very  subtile  vapours — Michaelis.  Their  na- 
ture is  by  no  means  clear. 

AMBUSTIO,  Burn. 

AMBUTUA,  Fareira  brava. 

AMBUYA-EMBO.  A  very  beautiful,  creep- 
ing aristolochia  of  Brazil,  the  decoction  of 
which  is  exhibited  successfully  in  obstructions. 
It  is  also  used  in  fumigation  and  in  baths  as  a 
tonic. 

JME,  Anima. 

AMELI.  A  Malabar  shrub,  belonging  to  a 
genus  unknown.  The  decoction  of  its  leaves 
is  said  to  relieve  colic.  Its  roots,  boiled  in  oil, 
are  used  to  repel  tumours. 

AMENIA,  Amenorrhea. 

AMENOMA'JSTA.  A  hybrid  word,  formed 
from  the  Latin  amamus,  '  agreeable,'  and  parta, 
'mania.'     A  gay  form  of  insanity. 

AMENORRHCE'A.  Parume'nia  obstructio'- 
nis,  Mcnocryph'iii,  Menosta'sia,  Apophrax'is, 
Arrha'a,  Defe.c'tus  men' slum,  Menstrua'tio  im- 
perli'ta,  Ischome'nia,  Ame'vin,  from  a,  privative, 
tup-,  '  a  month,'  and  nto>,  '  I  flow.'  Suppression 
of  the  menses.  (F.)  Suppression  du  flux  men- 
struel.  This  suppression  is  most  commonly 
symptomatic, and  hence  the  chief  attention  must 
be  paid  to  the  cause.  Usually,  there  is  an  atonic 
state  of  the  system  generally,  or  of  the  uterus 
in  particular,  and  hence  chalybeates  and  other 
tonics  are  advisable. 

Two  great  varieties  of  Amenorrhoea  are  com- 
monly reckoned.  I.  A.  Emansio'  nis ,  Eman'sio 
men'sium,  Menos'chesis,  Menstrua'tio  rctenta,  or 
Retention  of  the,  menses,  when  the  menses  do 
not  appear  at  the  usual  age:  and,  2,  Svppres'sio 
Men'sium,  Amenorrha'u   Supprcssio'nis,    Inter- 


rup'tio  menstruatio'nis,  Menstrua'tio  supprcssa, 
in  which  the  catamenia  are  obstructed  in  their 
regular  periods  of  recurrence.  See  Emansio 
Mensium,  and  Menses. 

Amenorrhea  Difficims,  Dysmenorrhea. 

AMENTIA,  Dementia.  See,  also,  Fatuitas, 
and  Idiotism. 

AMkR,  Amarus. 

AMEIUCANUM  TUBEROSUM,  Solanum 
tuberosum. 

AMERTUME,  Bitterness. 

AM'ETHYST,  Amcthys'tus,  from  «,  privative, 
and  fAtQvm,  '  I  am  drunk.'  A  precious  stone,  to 
which  the  ancients  attributed  the  property  of 
preventing  drunkenness.  It  was  also  used  as 
an  anti-diarrhceic  and  absorbent. — Pliny,  Al- 
bertus  Magnus. 

AMETIIIA,  Intemperance. 

AMICULUM,  Amnios. 

AMIDUM,  Amylum. 

AMIN^EA,  Anime. 

AMIN.-E'UM  VlNUM,Amincan  wine,  highly 
esteemed  as  a  stomachic.  Virgil  distinguishes 
it  from  the  Falernian. — Pliny,  Macrobius,  &c. 

AMMA,  Truss. 

AMMI,  Ammi  majus,  Bishop's  weed,  A.  Vul- 
ga're.  The  seeds  of  this  plant  are  aromatic 
and  pungent.  They  are  said  to  be  carminative 
and  diuretic,  and  are  tonic  and  stomachic. 

AMiMi  Verdm,  see  Sison  Ammi — a.  des  Bou- 
tiques, see  Sison  ammi. 

AMMION,  Hydrargyri  sulphuretum  rubrum. 

AMMOCHO'SIA,  from  a/upoc,  '  sand,'  and 
/jo),  'I  pour.'  Arena'tio.  Putting  the  human 
body  in  hot  sand,  for  the  cure  of  disease. 

AMMO'NI  A,  Ammo'nia,  or  Ammoni acal gas, 
Volatile  al'kali,  Al'caii  ammoni'acum  caus'ticum, 
A.  volal'ilS  caus'ticum,  Ammo'nia  caus'tica,  A. 
pura,  Ammoni'acum,  A.  caus'ticum,  (F.)  Ammo- 
niiique,  Air  alcalin,  Gaz  ammoniacal.  An  alcali, 
so  called,  because  obtained  principally  by  de- 
composing sal  ammoniac  (muriate  of  ammonia) 
by  lime.  This  gas  is  colourless,  transparent, 
elastic,  of  a  pungent,  characteristic  odour,  and 
an  acrid  urinous  taste.  It  turns  the  syrup  of 
violets  green,  and  its  specific  gravity  is  0.596. 
When  inhaled,  largely  diluted  with  common 
air,  it  is  a  powerful  irritant.  Wrhen  unmixed, 
it  instantly  induces  suffocation. 

Ammonia,  Acetate,  Solution  of,  Liquor  am- 
monias acetatis — a.  Caustica  liquida,  Liquor  am- 
monia?— a.  Chlorohydrate  of,  Ammonias  murias 
— a.  Citrate  of,  Ammonias  citras — a.Hydriodate 
of,  see  Iodine— a.  Hydrochlorate  of,  Ammoniae 
murias— a.  Hydrosulphuret  of,  Ammonias  sul- 
phuretum—a.  Iodide  of,  see  Iodine— a.  Lini- 
ment of,  strong,  Linimentum  ammonias  fortius— 
a.  Liquid,  Liquor  ammonias — a.  Muriatica,  Am- 
monias murias— a.  Nitrata,  Ammonias  nitras— a. 
Prasparata,  Ammonias  carbonas— a.  Pura  liquida, 
Liquor  ammonias— a.  Solution  of,  Liquor  ammo- 
nias—a.  Solution  of,  stronger,  Liquor  ammonias 
fortior— a.  Tartrate  of,  Ammonias  tartras. 

AMMO'NIAC,  GUM,  Ammoni'acum  (Ph.U. S.) 
Gum'mi  Ammoni'acum,  Armoni'acum,  (F.)  Am- 
moniac, Gommc  ammoniaquc,  so  called  from 
Ammonia  in  Libya,  whence  it  is  brought  A 
gum-res.n  the  concrete  juice  of  Dore'ma  ammo- 
ni acum,  of  Persia:  a  species  of  a  genus  allied  to 
*  erula.  It  is  m  irregular,  dry  masses  and  tears, 
yellow  externally,  whitish  within.  Its  odour 
is  peculiar  and  not  ungrateful:  taste  nauseous, 
sweet,  and  b.tter.    It  Conns  a  white  emulsion 


AMMONIACiE  NITRAS 


39 


AMNIOS 


with  water:  is  soluble  in  vinegar;  partially  so 
in  alcohol,  ether,  and  solutions  of  the  alcalies.     j 

Gum  ammoniaeum  is  expectorant,  deobstru- 
ent  (?)  antispasmodic,  discutient,  and  resolvent. 
It  is  chiefly  used,  however,  in  the  first  capacity, 
and  in  the  formation  of  certain  plasters. 

Two  varieties  are  met  with  in  the  market, 
Gutta  ammoni'aci,  the  best;  and  Lapis  ammo- 
ni'aci, the  more  impure. 

AMMON1ACLE  JNITRAS,  Ammonia  nitras 
— a.  Sulphas,  Ammonia  sulphas. 

AMMONIACUM,  Ammonia,  Ammo'niac 
Gum — a.  Succinatum,  Spiritus  ammonia  fccti- 
due — a.  Volatile  mite,  Ammonia;  carbonas. 

AMMONLE  ACETAS,  Liquor  ammonia; 
acetatis — a.  Arsenias,  Arseniale  of  Ammonia. 

Ammonia  Caii'bonas,  A.  Subcar'bonas,  Salt 
of  bones,  Sal  Os'sium,  Salt  of  wood  soot,  Sal  Fu- 
lig''inis,  Suit  of  urine,  Volatile  Sal  Ammoniac, 
Baker's  salt,  AH call  volqt'ils  a'era' turn,  A.volut'ile 
atnmoniaca'ls,  A.  volat'ile  ex  sals  ammonia'co, 
Ammoni'acum  volat'ilS  mite,  Ammo'nium  car- 
bon'icum,  A.  subcarbo'neum,  Carbonas  ammo'nia: 
alkali'nus  seu  incomple'tus  seu  superammoni'- 
acus,  Hijpocar'bonas  ammo'niai,  Flures  salt's  am- 
moni'aci, Sal  cornu  cervi  volat'ile,  Sal  volat'ilis 
salis  ammoni'aci,  Concrete  volatile  alkali,  Carbo- 
nate or  subcarbonate  of  ammonia,  Ammo'nia  pruz- 
para'ta,  Sal  volat'ilt,  Smelling  salt.  (F.)  Car- 
bonate d'ammoniaque,  Scl  volatil  d'Ang/eterrc, 
(Amman,  muriat.  Kj;  Or  eta  ftiss.  Sublime. — Ph. 
U.  S.)  A  white,  striated,  crystalline  mass, 
odour  and  taste  pungent  and  ammoniacal:  so- 
luble in  two  parts  of  water:  insoluble  in  alcohol: 
effloresces  in  the  air.  It  is  stimulant,  antacid, 
diaphoretic,  and  antispasmodic.  Dose,  gr.  v.  to 
xv. 

Ammonia  Citras,  Citrate  of  Ammo'nia.  Made 
by  saturating  lemon  or  lime  juice,  or  a  solu- 
tion of  citric  acid,  with  carbonate  of  ammonia. 
Dose,  f.  t^ss. 

It  may  be  made  extemporaneously,  and  taken 
in  an  effervescing  draught.  Seventeen  grains 
of  citric  acid  or  half  a  fluidounce  of  lemon  juice 
will  be  sufficient  for  thirteen  grains  of  carbonate 
of  ammonia. 

Ammonia:  et  Ferri  Murias,  Ferrum  ammo- 
niatum — a.  Hydrosulphuretum,  Liquor  funians 
Boylii — a.  Hypocarbonas,  Ammonia  Carbonas 

Ammo'nia:  Mi/rias,  Muriate  of  Ammonia,  Ihj- 
druchlo'rate  of  Ammo'nia,  Chlorohydrate  of  Am- 
mo'nia, Sal.  Ammoni'acum,  Sal  Ammo'niac,  Sal 
A  m  moni'acus,  Ammo'nia  Muriat' ica,  Ammo'nium 
Maria' turn,  Hydrochlo'ras  Ammo' nice,  Sal  Arma- 
ni''acum,  Salmiac,  Fuli'go  Alba  Philosopho'rum, 
(F.)  Muriate  d Ammonia  que.  A  saline  concrete, 
formed  by  the  combination  of  the  muriatic  acid 
with  ammonia.  In  Egypt  it  is  manufactured 
in  large  quantities  by  subliming  the  soot  formed 
by  burning  camel's  dung — 2b'  pounds  of  the 
soot  yielding  G  pounds.  It  is  also  prepared,  in 
great  quantities,  by  adding  sulphuric  acid  to 
the  volatile  alkali  obtained  from  soot,  bones, 
&c,  mixing  this  with  common  salt,  and  sub- 
liming. 

Muriate  of  ammonia  is  inodorous,  but  has  an 
acrid,  pungent,  bitterish,  and  urinous  taste. 
Three  parts  of  cold  water  dissolve  one.  Solu- 
ble also  in  4  5  parts  of  alcohol.  It  is  aperient 
and  diuretic,  but  seldom  used  internally.  Ex- 
ternally, it  is  employed,  producing  cold  during 
its  solution,  in  inflammations,  &c. 

Ammo'nia;  Nitras,  Nitrate  of  Ammonia,  Al'- 


kali  volat'ile  nilru'tum,  Sal  ammoni'acus  niirn* 
sus,  Ammo'nia  nitra'ta,  JVitras  ammoru'acx,  JW» 
trum  flammans.  (F.)  JVilrate  u" Ammonia  que.  A 
salt  composed  of  nitric  acid  and  ammonia.  Jt 
is  diuretic  and  deobstruent.(P)  Externally,  it 
is  discutient  and  sialogogue. 

Ammo'nia:  Sulphas,  Sulphate  of  Ammo'nia^ 
Sulphas  ammoni'acx,  Ammo'nium  sulphu'ricum, 
Alkali  volai'ilp.  vitriola'tum,  Sal  Ammoni'acum 
secrctum  Glauberi,  Sal  sccre'tus  Glauberi, 
Vilriolum  ammoniaca'le,  (F.)  Sulphate  a"  Ammo- 
niaquc.  Formed  by  adding  sulphuric  acid  either 
to  sal  ammoniac  or  to  ammoniacal  liquor.  Its 
properties  are  like  those  of  the  muriate  of  am- 
monia. 

Ammo'nia:  SvLFUvRKrrvM,Sul'phuret  of  Am- 
mo'nia, Hijdrosul'jihuret  of  Ammo' nia,  Hydro- 
sul'phas  Ammonix,  Spir'itus  Begui'ni,  Sp.  fu- 
mans  Begui'ni,  Sulphur c' turn  ammoni'actt,  Sp. 
salis  ammoni'aci  sulphura'tus,  Liquor  ammo'nii 
hydrothiodis,  tlydrosvlphure'tum  Ammonicum, 
Hydrarg.  ammoniaca'/B  aquo'sum,  llydrog"  eno- 
sulph  are' turn  ammoni'acx  Uq'uidum,  Spir'itus 
sul'phuris  volat'ilis,  Hcpar  sulphuris  volat'ilt, 
Boyle's  or  Beguine's  fuming  spirit.  (F.)  Hy- 
drosu/phate  sulfuri  d'  Ammoniaquc, Liqueur  fu- 
mante  de  Boyle,  Su/fure  hydrogdne  d'ammo- 
niaque, Hydrosulfurc  d'Ammoniaque,  Odour 
very  fetid;  taste  nauseous  and  styptic;  colour 
dark  yellowish  green.  It  is  reputed  to  be  se- 
dative, nauseating,  emetic,  disoxygenizing,  (?) 
an*d  has  been  given  in  diabetes  and  diseases 
of  increased  excitement.  Dose,  gtt.  viij.  to  g»- 
xx. 

Ammo'nia  Tartras,  Al'kali  volat'ile  tartari- 
za'tum,  Sal  Ammoni'acum  tarta'reum,  Tar'tarus 
ammo'nia,  Tartrate  of  Ammo'nia,  (F.)  Tartrate 
d'Ammoniaque,  A  salt  composed  of  tartaric 
acid  and  ammonia.  It  is  diaphoretic  and  diu- 
retic; but  not  much  used. 

AMMOMAQUE,  Ammonia— a.  Hydrosul- 
fure  d,'  Ammonia?  sulphuretum — a.  Hydrosul- 
fate  sulfurt  d\  Ammonia;  sulphuretum — a.  Li- 
quide,  Liquor  ammonia — a.  Sulfurc  hydrogene 
d\  Ammonias  sulphuretum. 

AMMOMO-CUPR1CUS  SUBSULPHAS, 
Cuprum  ammoniatum. 

AMMO'NION,  from  auuo?,  'sand.'  An  an- 
cient collyriuin  of  great  virtues  in  many  dis- 
eases of  the  eye,  and  which  was  said  to  remove 
sand  from  that  organ. 

AMMONIUM  ARSENICUM,  Arseniate  of 
ammonia — a.  Carbonicum,  Ammonia  carbonas 
—a.  Iodide  of,  see  Iodine — a.  Muriaticum  mar- 
tiaturn  seu  martiale,  Ferrum  ammoniatum — a. 
Muriat  um,  Amnion  iamurias — a.Subcarboneum, 
Ainmoniacarbonas — a.  Sulphuricum,  Ammonia 
sulphas. 

AMNA  ALCALIZATA,  Water,  mineral,  sa- 
line. 

AM  S  &' SI  A,  Am  nes'ti  a,  from  a,  privative,  and 
/jirr^tQ,  '  memory.'  Maria  imbec"ilis  am'nesia, 
Oblin'io,  Rccollcctiu'nis  jactu'ra ,  Dysxsthe'sia  in- 
trr'na,  Debii'itas  memo'rix,  Memo' rue  dele'ta,  (F.) 
Perte  de  Mtmoire,  '  loss  of  memory.'  By  some 
Nosologists,  amnesia  constitutes  a  genus  of 
diseases.  By  most,  it  is  considered  only  as  a 
symptom,  which  may  occur  in  many  diseases. 

AMNESTIA,  Amnesia. 

AMNIOCLEP'SIS,fiom^mft;0w,  and  /Icnc, 
'  I  steal  or  take  away  clandestinely.'  Prema- 
ture escape  of  the  liquor  amnii. 

AM'NIOS,  Am'nicn,  Am'nium,  Charla  vir- 


AMNIOTIC  ACID 


40 


AMPUTATION 


gin'ea,  Armatu'ra,  Agni'na  membra' na,  Pellu'ci- 
da  membra' na,  Galea,  Indvtsium,  Amic'ulum, 
Membra' nafmtvm  invol'vens.  The  innermost  of 
the  enveloping  membranes  of  the  fcctus.  So 
called  because  first  observed  in  the  sheep.(r) 
auyog,  '  a  sheep.'  It  is  thin,  transparent,  per- 
spirable, and  possesses  many  delicate,  colour- 
less vessels,  which  have  not  been  injected.  It 
sends  a  prolongation,  which  serves  as  a  sheath 
to  the  umbilical  cord,  its  external  surface  is 
feebly  united  to  the  chorion  by  cellular  and 
vascular  filaments.  Its  inner  surface  is  po- 
lished, and  is  in  contact  with  the  body  of  the 
fcetus  and  the  liquor  amnii,  (q.  v.) 

AMNIOTIC  ACID,  Ac"idum  Am'nicvm  vel 
amniot'icum.  A  peculiar  acid,  found  by  Vau- 
quelin  and  Buniva  in  the  liquor  amnii  of  the 
cow. 

AMNl'TlSor  AMNJI'TJS,  from  Amnion  and 
ills,  inflammation.   Inflammation  of  the  Amnion. 

AMOME  FAUX.  Sison  amomum. 

AMO'MUM  CARDAMO'MUM,  A.  racemo'- 
surn,  A.  verum,  Atpin'ia  car dam o' 'mum,  Caro'pi. 
Mal.o'nia  Cardamo'mum,  Eletta'ria  Cardamo'- 
mum,  Cardumu'mum  Minus,  Lesser  or  officinal 
Car'damom,  Amo'mum  repens.  (F.)  Cardamome 
de  la  Cote  de  Malabar,  Cardamome.  The  seeds 
of  this  East  India  plant  have  an  agreeable, 
aromatic  odour;  and  a  pungent,  grateful  taste. 
They  are  carminative  and  stomachic:  but  are 
chiefly  used  to  give  warmth  to  other  remedies. 
The  fruit  is  called  Amomis.    Dose,  gr.  v.  to  Qj. 

Amomum  Galanga,  Maranta  G. 

Amomum  Granum  Paradi'si,  Cardamo'mum 
majus,  Melegutl'la,  Maniguci'ta,  Cardamo'mum 
pipera'tum,  A.  max'imum,  (F.)  Graines  de  Pa- 
radis.  Greater  cardamom  seeds  resemble  the 
last  in  properties.  They  are  extremely  hot, 
and  are  not  much  used. 

Amomum  Pimenta:  see  Myrtus  pimenta — a." 
Zedoaria,  Koempferia  rotunda. 

Amomum  Zin'gibf.r,  Zin' giber  officina'ls,  Zin- 
giber album,  Z.  nigrum,  Z.  commu'nc,  Zin'ziber, 
Ginger,  (V.)  Gingembre.  The  white  and  black 
ginger,  Zi n' ziher fuscv m  and  album,  are  the 
rhizoma  of  the  same  plant,  Zin!  giber  officinale, 
the  difference  depending  upon  the  mode  of  pre- 
paring them. 

The  odour  of  ginger  is  aromatic;  taste  warm, 
aromatic,  and  acrid.  It  yields  its  virtues  to 
alcohol,  and  in  a  great  degree  to  water.  It  is 
carminative,  stimulant,  and  sialogogue. 

Preserved  Ginger,  Zing.'b'eris  Radix  Condi' ta, 
Radix  Zhigib'eris  condi'ta  (X  India  allu'ta  is  a 
condiment,  which  possesses  all  the  virtues  of 
ginger. 

Ginger-Beer  Powders,  may  be  formed  of 
white  sugar,  t"j  and  7)  ij.  ginger,  gr.  v.  subcaibo- 
nale  of  soda,  gr.  xxxvj  in  each  blue  paper:  acid 
of  tartar,  ^iss  in  each  while  paper, — for  half  a 
pint  of  water. 

Ox'ey's  Conccntratfd  Esse7ice  of  Jamaica 
Ginircr,  is  a  mere  solution  of  ginger  in  rcctfied 
spirit. 

AMOR.  Love. 

AMORGE.  Amurca. 

AMORPHUS.  Anideus 

AMOSTEUS.  Osteocolla. 

AMOUR,  Love. 

AMOTIREUX  (muscle.)  Obliquus  superior 
oculi. 

AMP  AC,  Amp'ar.us.  An  East  India  tree,  the 
leaves  of  which  have  a  sir'  ng  odour,  and  are 


used  in  baths  as  detergents.    A  very  odoriferous 
resin  is  obtained  from  it. 

AMPAR,  Succinum. 

\MPELOOARPUS,  Galium  apanne. 

AMPELOPRASUM,  Allium. 

AMPELOS,  Vitis  vinifera— a.  Agna,  Bryonia 
alba— a.  Idcea,  Vaccinium  vitis  ida?a — a.  Oino- 
uhoros,  Vitis  vinifera.  _ 

AMPHAMPHOTERODIOPSIA,  Diplopia. 

AMPHARIS'TEROS,  Ambilx'vus,  "  awk- 
ward;" from  ai.i<pi,  and  aoia-xt^g,  'the  left.'  Op- 
posed to  ambidexter. 

AMFHEMERINOS,  Quotidian. 

AMPHI,  a  up  i,  'both,  around,  on  all  sides.' 
Hence,  a  prefix  in  many  of  the  following  terms. 

AMPHIAM,  Opium. 

AMPHIARTHRO'SIS,  from  aucpi,  'both,' 
and  a(i&nu)(rtg,  'articulation.'  A  mixed  articu- 
lation^ in  which  the  corresponding  surfaces  of 
bones  are  united  in  an  intimate  manner  by  an 
intermediate  body,  which  allows,  however,  of 
some  slight  motion.  Such  is  the  junction  of 
the  bodies  of  the  vertebras  by  means  of  the  in- 
tervertebral cartilages.  This  articulation  has 
also  been  called  Diarthrose.  de  Continuiti.  The 
motion  it  permits  is  but  slight. 

AMPH1BLESTROD1TIS,  Retinitis. 

AMPHIBLESTROIDES,  Reticular. 

AMPHIBRAN'CHJA,  from  au<pi,  'around.' 
and  (Sgay^iaj'the  throat.'  Amphibron'chia.  The 
tonsils  and  neighbouring  parts  — Hippoc. 

AMPHICAUST1S,  Vulva. 

AMPHIDEXIOS,  Ambidexter. 

AMPHIDIARTHRO'SIS, from  a.Kfi, 'about,' 
and  diaQdnwoig,  'a  moveable  joint.'  A  name 
given  by  Winslow  to  the  temporo-maxillary  ar- 
ticulation, because,  according  to  that  anatomist, 
it  partakes  both  of  o-ino-lymus  and  arthrodia.  * 

AMPHIMERINA,  Pertussis— a.  Hectica. 
Hectic  fever. 

AMPHIMER1NOS.  Quotidian. 

AMPHION,  Maslach. 

AMPHIPLEX,  Perinamm. 

AMPHISMELA,  Knife,  double-edged. 

AMPHISMILE,  Knife,  double-edged. 

AMPHISPIIAL'SIS,  Circumac'tio,  Circum- 
duc'tio,  from  au<pi,  'around,'  and  sr^oAxco, 'I 
wander.'  The  movement  of  circumduction 
used  in  reducing  luxations. — Hippoc. 

AM'PHORA,  per  syncop. for  au<piq>o^ivg, from 
<xu<pi,' on  both  sides,'  and  <?too>,  'I  bear:'  because 
it  had  two  handles.  A  liquid  measure  among 
the  ancients,  containing  above  7  gallons.  Also 
called  Quudrantal,  Cera'mium,  Ceram'nium, 
Cadus. 

AMPHORIC  RESPIRATION,  See  Caver- 
nous Respiration. 

AMPHRODIPLOPIA,  Diplopia. 

AMPLEXATIO,  Coition. 

AMPLEXUS,  Coition. 

AMPLIOPEA,  Ambliopia. 

AMPOSIS.  Anaposis. 

AMPOULES,  Essera. 

AMPULLA,  Cavitas  elliptica— a.  Chvlifera 
seu  chyli,  Receptacnlum  chyli. 

AMPUL'LjE.  Phlyctaenae. 

AMPUTATION,  Amputu'tio,  from  ampulan, 
{am,  'around,'  and  pulart,)  'to  cutoff.'  Apot'o- 
me,  Apotom'ia.  The  operation  of  separating 
by  means  of  a  cutting  instrument,  a  limb  or  a 
part  of  a  limb,  or  a  projecting  part  as  the 
mamma,  penis,  &c,  from  the  rest  of  the  bodv 
In  the  case  of  a  tumour,  the  term  excision   re- 


AMULETTE 


41 


ANABEXIS 


moval,  or  extirpation,  (F.J  Resection,  is  more 
commonly  used. 

Amputation,  Circular,  is  that  in  which  the 

integuments  and  muscles  are  divided  circularly. 

Amputation,  Flap,  (F.)   A.  a  lambeaux,  is 

when  one  or  two  flaps  are  left  so  as  to  cover  the 

stump,  when  the  limb  has  been  removed. 

Amputation,  Joint,  (F.)  A.  dans  Varticle  ou 
dans  la  contiguite  des  membres,  is  when  the 
limb  is  removed  at  an  articulation. 

Each  amputation  requires  a  different  process, 
which  is  described  in  works  on  operative  surgery. 
AMULETTE,  Amuletum. 
AMULE'TUM,  from  Amoli'ri,  Ho  remove.' 
An  Amulet, —  Periam'ma,  Apotropasfum,  Peri- 
ap'ton,  Phylacte'rion,  Apoteles'ma,  Exarte'ma, 
Alexica'cum,  (F.)  Amulctte.  Any  image  or  sub- 
stance worn  about  the  person  for  the  purpose 
of  preventing  disease  or  danger. 

AMUROA,  auooyi;.  The  marc  or  grounds 
remaining  after  olives  have  been  crushed  and 
deprived  of  their  oil.  It  has  been  used  as  an 
application  to  ulcers. 

AMUSA,  Musa  Paradisiaca. 
AMYCE,  Excoriation,  Scarification. 
AMYC'TICA,   from    ajuuaata,    '  I    lacerate.' 
Medicines    which   stimulate  and  vellicate  the 
skin. — Ctelius  Aurelianus. 
AMY DRIASJS,  Mydriasis. 
AMYE'LIA,  from  a,  'privative,'  and  uvtXoc, 
'marrow.'     A  monstrous  formation,  in  which 
there  is  an  absence  of  spinal  marrow. 

AMYG'DALA,  same  etymon  as  Amyctica; 
because  there  seem  to  be  fissures  in  the  shell. 
The  Almond,  of  which  there  are  two  kinds;  the 
Amyg'dalxama'rx  and  A.  dukes,  (F.)  Amandes 
douces,  A.  ameres,  obtained  from  two  varieties 
of  Amyg'dalus  communis;  or  A.  sati'va,  a  native 
ofBarbary.  Nat.  Ord.  A mygdalese.  Sex.  Syst. 
Icosandria  Monogynia. 

The  taste  of  the  Amygdala  dulcis  is  soft  and 
sweet;  that  of  the  A.  amara,  bitter.  Both  yield, 
by  expression,  a  sweet,  bland  oil.  The  bitter 
almond  contains  Prussic  acid.  They  are  chiefly 
used  for  forming  emulsions. 

Amyg'dalje  Placenta,  Almond  Cake,  is  the 
cake  left  after  the  expression  of  the  oil.  The 
ground  Almond  Cake,  Almond  Powder,  Fari'na 
Amygdala! rum,  is  used  instead  of  soap  for 
washing  the  hands. 

Amyg'dal;e  Pasta,  Almond  Paste,  a  cosmetic 
for  softening  the  skin  and  preventing  chaps,  is 
made  of  hitler  almonds,  blanched,  giv,  white  of 
one  tag ;  rose  water,  and  rectified  spirit,  equal 
parts,  or  as  much  as  is  sufficient. 

Amygdala,  Tonsil.    Also,  a  lobe  of  the  cere- 
bellum, so  called  from  its  resemblance  to  an  en- 
larged tonsil.  This  and  its  fellow  of  the  opposite 
side  form  the  lateral  boundaries  of  the  anterior 
extremity  of  the  valley,  (q.  v.)  arid  are  in  great 
part  covered  by  the  medulla  oblongata. 
AMYGDALATUM,  Emulsio  Amygdalce. 
AMY G DALE,  Tonsil. 
AMYGDALITIS,  Cynanche  tonsillaris. 
AMYGDALUS  COMMUNIS.    See  Amyg- 
dala. 

Amvg'dalus  Per'sica.  The  common  peach- 
tree,  (F.)  Pecher.  The  leaves  and  flowers  have 
Icon  considered  laxative.  They  are  bitter  and 
aromatic,  and  have  been  givn  in  hematuria, 
nephritis,  &c.  The  fruit  is  one  of  the  pleasant 
and  wholesome  summer  fruits,  when  ripe.    The 


kernels,  Amyg' dalse   Per'sicse,  contain    prussic 
acid,  as  well  as  the  flowers. 

Peach  Brandy  is  distilled  from  the  fruit,  and 
is  much  used  in  the  United  States. 
Amygdalus.    See  Amygdala. 
AMYGMOS,  Scarification. 
AMYLEON,  Amylum. 
A'MYLUM,    A'midum,     Fedula,    Amyl'eon, 
Amyl'ion,  from  a,  priv.,  and  p.vXij,  '  a  mill,'  be- 
cause made  without  a  mill;  Starch.  (F.)  Ami- 
don,  Amylon.     Starch  of  Wheat,  Fari'na,  Trit!ici 
fari'na,   Fec'ula  Amyla'cea,   is    inodorous   and 
insipid,  white   and  friable.    It  is  insoluble  in 
cold  water  and  alcohol;  but  forms  with  boiling 
water  a  strong,  semi-transparent  jelly.     It  is 
demulcent,  and  is  used  as  an  emollient  glyster, 
and  as  the  vehicle  for  opium,  when  given  per 
anum.    Starch  is  met  with  abundantly  in  all 
the  cereal  grains,  in  the  stalks  of  many  of  the 
palms,  in  some  lichens,  and  in  many  tuberous 
roots,  particularly  in  the  bulbs  of  the  orchis. 
Amylum  Iodatum.     See  Iodine. 
A'MYON,  from  a, priv., and  uvcov,  'a  muscle,' 
Emusculu! tus.  Without  muscle.   Applied  to  the 
limbs,  when  so  extenuated    that   the   muscles 
cannot  be  distinguished. 
AMYOSIS,  Synezizis. 
AMYK1S  COMMIPHORA,  See  Bdellium. 
Am'yris    Elemif'efa.    (F.)    Balsamier    Ele- 
mifere.      Nat.  Ord.  Terebinthacene.     Sex.  SysL. 
Octandria   Monogynia.     The  plant  whence   it 
is  supposed  the  Gum  El'f.mi  is  obtained.     This 
gum  or  resin  is  brought  from  the  Spanish  West 
Indies.      It  is  softish,   transparent,  of  a    pale 
whitish  colour,  inclining  a  little  to  green,  and 
of  a  strong,  though   not  unpleasant  smell.    It 
is  only  used  in  ointments  and  plasters,  and  is  a 
digestive. 

Amyris  Gileapensis.  See  A.  opobalsamum. 
Am'yris  Opoeal'samum,  (F.)  Balsamier  de  la 
Mecque,  Bal'sem,  Bat samum.  The  plant  from 
which  is  obtained  the  Balsam  of  Mecca,  Bal'~ 
samum  genui'num  antiquo'rum,  Balsamelse'on, 
JEgyptiacum  Ball samum,  Bal'samum  Asiat'i- 
cum,  B.  Juda'icum,  B.  Syriacum,  B.  e  Mecca, 
CocobaV samum,  B.  Alpi'ni,  Oleum  Bal'sami,  Opo- 
bal'samum,  Xylobal' samum,  Balsam  or  Bairn 
of  Gilead.  (F.)  Baume  Blanc,  B.dc  Constantino- 
ple blanc,  B.  de  Galaad,  B.  du  Grand  Caire,  B- 
Vrai,  Tiribinthine  de  Gilead,  T.  d'Egtjple,  T. 
du  Grand  Kaire,  T.  deJudie.  A  resinous  juice 
obtained  by  making  incisions  into  the  Amyris 
opobal samum  and  A.  Gilcadensis  of  Linnssus, 
Balsamaden'dron  Gilcadcn'sS  of  Kunth.  The 
juice  of  the  fruit  is  called  Carpobal' samum ;  that 
of  the  wood  and  branches  Xylobal' samum.  It 
has  the  general  properties  of  the  milder  Tere- 
binthinates. 
Amyris  Tomentosum,  Fagara  octandra. 
AMYRON,  Carthamus  linctorius. 
AMYX'lA,from  a,  privative,  and  juvla,  'mu- 
cus.' Deficiency  of  mucus. 
A  MYXIS,  Scarification. 
ANA,  ara,  a  word  which  signifies  'of  each." 
It  is  used  in  prescriptions  as  well  as  a  and  aa, 
its  abbreviations.  As  a  prefix  to  words, it  means 
'in,'  'through,'  'upwards,'  'above,' in  opposi- 
tion to  Cata,  (q.  v.;)  also  'repetition,'  like  the 
English  re.     Hence, — 

ANAB'AS!S,from  ava^aivw,  'I  ascend.'  The 
first  period  of  a  disease,  or  that  of  increase. — 
Galen.     See  Augmentation. 
ANABEXIS,   Expectoration. 


ANABLEPSI3 


42 


ANALEPT1CA 


ANABLEP'SIS,  from  <*>•«,  'again,'  and 
/S/.t.Tu), '  I  see.'     Kestoiation  to  si»-|)t. 

ANABOLuE'ON,  Anabole'us,  from  avafiaXXm, 
1 1  cast  up."  An  ointment  for  extracting  darts 
or  other  extrajieous  bodies. 

ANAB'OLE,  from  ara,  'upwards,'  and  fiaXXw, 
'least.'  Anago'ge,  Anapk'ora.  An  evacuation 
upwards.  An  act  by  which  certain  matters  are 
rejected  by  the  mouth.  In  common  acceptation 
it  includes,  cxpuition,  expectoration,  regurgita- 
tion, and  vomiting. 

ANABROCHlS'MUS,^«a6ronc/uVwM5,from 
avu,  'with,'  and  /^0/f°s>  'a  running  knot.'     An 
operation  for  removing    the  eye-lashes,  when 
they  irritate  the  eye,  by  means  of  a  hair  knotted 
around  them — Hippocr.,  Galen,  Celsus,  &c. 
ANABRONCHISMUS,  Anabrochismus. 
ANABROSIS.  Corrosion,  Erosion. 
ANACAMPSEROS,  Sedum  telephium. 
ANACAR'DIUM   OCCIDENTA'LE,    Cos- 
su'viurn  pomif'erum,  Cashew  (IV.  Indies.)  (F.) 
Ac'ajou.    Nat.  Ord.  Terebinthaceas.      Sex.  Syst. 
Enneandria  Monogynia.    The  Oiloftlie  Cashew 
Nut,  O'leum  Anacar'dii,  (F.)  Huile  d' 'Acajou,  is 
an  active  caustic,  and  used  as  such  in  the  coun- 
tries where  it  grows,  especially  for  destroying 
warts,  &c. 

Anacardium  Orientals,  Avicennia  tomen- 
tosa. 

ANACATHAR'SIS,  from  «»■<*,  'upwards,' 
and  y.aSaiQitv,  'to  purge.'  Purgation  upwards. 
Expectoration,  (q.  v.)  See,  also,  Repurgatio. 

Anacatharsis  Catarrhalis  Simplex,  Ca- 
tarrh. 
ANACATHARTICUS,  Expectorant. 
ANACHREMPSIS,  Exspuition. 
ANACHRON,  Soda. 
ANACLAS1S.  Repercussion. 
ANACLINTE'RIUM,    Recubito'rium,    from 
avaxXtrta,  'I  recline.'     A  long  chair  or  seat,  so 
formed,  that  the  person  can  rest  in  a  reclining 
posture. 

ANACOLLE'MA,  from  ava,  'together,'  and 
xoXXaw,  'I  glue.'     A  healing  medicine. 
Anacoi.lemata,  Frontal  bandacres. 
ANACOLUP'PA.  A  creeping  plant  of  Mala- 
bar, the  juice  of  which,  mixed  with  powdered 
pepper,  passes  in  India  as  a  cure  for  epilepsy, 
and  as  the  only  remedy  for  the  bite  of  the  naja. 
It  is  supposed  to  be  the  Zapania  Nodiftora. 
ANACOLUTHIE,  Incoherence. 
ANACOMIDE,  Restauratio. 
ANACONCHYLISMOS,  Gargarism. 
ANACTESIS,  Restauratio. 
ANACTIRION,  Artemisia. 
ANACYCLEON,  Charlatan. 
ANACYCLUS  OFF1CINARUM,  See   An- 
themis  Pyrethrum — a.  Pyrethrum,  Anthemis 
pyrethrum. 
ANADESMUS,  Fascia. 
ANADIPLO'SIS,   from    ara,    'again,'   and 
SmXow,  'I  double.'     Epanadiplo'sis,  Epanalep'- 
sis,  Reduplica'tio.     The  redoubling  which  oc- 
curs in  a  paroxysm  of  an  intermittent,  when 

its    type    is    double. Galen,   Alexander    of 

Tralles. 

AN^EDCE'US,  from  ett,  privative,  and  aidoia, 
'  oro-ans  of  generation.'     A  monster  devoid  of 
sexual  organs. 
AN  ADO  R  A,  Ecdora. 

ANAD'OSIS,  from  avaStSceut,  *  I  distribute.' 
Purgation  upwards,  as  by  vomiting.  Anadosis 
seems  also  to  have  meant,  occasionally,  chylifi- 


cation,  whilst  diadosis  meant  capillary   nutri- 
tion.—  Hippocr.,  Galen. 

ANAD'ROME,  from  ara,  'upwards,'  and 
Sqchw,  'I  run.'  The  transport  of  a  humour  or 
pain  from  a  lower  to  an  upper  part. — Hippocr. 

ANiEMATOPOIE'SIS,  from  a,  av,  privative, 
atjua,  'blood,' and  noeiui,  'I  make.'  Impeded 
or  obstructed  hoematosis. 

AN/E'MIA,  Anamasis,  Anhai'mia,  Anhafma- 
to' sis,  Eolyanhaz'mia,  Anamo'sis,  Oligse'mia,  Hy- 
pas'mia,  (q.  v.)  Hydrose'mia,  (q.  v.)  Hydra'mia, 
Ane'mia,  (F.)  An'emie,  Polyanhemie,  Hydrohe- 
mie,  Exsanguin'ity,  Blnodlessness:  from  a.,  priv. 
and  at/ux.,  'blood.'  Privation  of  blood.  The 
opposite  to  plethora,  (q.  v.)  It  is  characterized 
by  every  sign  of  debility.  Also,  diminished 
quantity  of  fluids  in  the  capillary  vessels:— the 
opposite  to  Hypermmia,. — The  essential  charac- 
ter of  the  blood  in  anaemia  is  diminution  in  the 
ratio  of  red  corpuscles. 

AN.EMOSIS,  Anaemia. 
AN^EMOT'ROPHY,  Anmmotroph'ia:  from  *r, 
privative,  'au/nx,  '  blood,'  and  -tooy^,  '  nourish- 
ment.'    A  deficiency  of  sanguineous  nourish- 
ment.— Prout. 

ANJESTHE'SIA,  Insensibil'itas,  Analge'sia, 
Parap'sis  expers,  (F.)  Anesthe'sie:  from  a ,  priva- 
tive, and  a.ia-&'J.rof.ia.i,  'I  feel.'  Privation  of  sen- 
sation, and  especially  of  that  of  touch,  accord- 
ing to  some.  It  may  be  general  or  partial,  and 
is  almost  always  symptomatic. 

Anaesthesia  Lingce,  Ageustia — a.  Olfacto- 
ria,  Anosmia. 

ANiESTHISIA,  Insensibility. 
ANAGAL'LIS,  from  av&  and  ynXa.,  'milk,' 
from  its  power  of  coagulating  milk.  A.  arven'- 
sis,  A.  Pliwnic"ca,  Red  Pimpernel,  Scarlet  Pim- 
pernel. Nat.  Ord.  Primulaceae.  Sex.  Syst.  Pen- 
tandria  Monogynia.  (F.)  Mouron  rouge.  A 
common  European  plant;  a  reputed  antispas- 
modic and  stomachic. 

Another  species — Anagal'lis  cccru'lea  is  a  mere 
variety  of  the  above. 

Anagallis  Aquatic  a,  Veronica  Beccabunga. 
ANAGARGALICTA,  Gargarism. 
ANAGARGARJSTON,  Gargarism. 
ANAGLYPHE,  Calamus  scriptorius. 
ANAGOGE,  Anabole,  Rejection. 
ANAGRAPHE,  Prescription. 
ANAG'IRIS,    Ac'opon,    Anag'yris  fw'tida, 
Stinking  Bean  Trefoil.    Native  of  Italy.     The 
leaves  are  powerfully  purgative.     The  juice  is 
said   to    be   diuretic,  and   the  seeds  emetic— 
Dioscorides,  Paulus. 

ANAL,  Ana' lis.  That  which  refers  to  the 
anus;— as  Anal  region,  &c. 

ANALDIA,  (F.)  Anuldie;  from  a,  privative, 
and  aXdav,  'to  grow.'     Defective  nutrition. 
ANALEMSIA,  Analepsia. 
ANALENTIA,  Analepsia. 
ANALEP'SIA,  Analep'sis,  Analen'tia,  Ana- 
Icrn  sia,  from  ava,   'afresh,'  and   Xaufiavuv,  'to 
take.      Restoration  to  strength  after  disease.— 
Galen.     A  kind  of  sympathetic  epilensv,  origi- 
nating from  gastric  disorder.     See  Epilepsy 

Also,  the  support  given  to  a  fractured  ex- 
tremity. Appensio.— Hippocr. 
ANALEPSIS,  Restauratio. 
ANALEP'TICA,  same  etymon;  Analeptics 
Restorative  medicines  or  food;  such  as  are 
adapted  to  recruit  the  strength  during  conva- 
lescence:-as  sago,  salep,  tapioca,  jelly,  &c 


ANALGESIA 


43 


ANATHYMIASIS 


Analeptic  Pills,  James's,  consist  of  James's 
Powder,  Gum  Ammoniacum,  and  Pill  of  Aloes 
and  Myrrh,  equal  parts,  with  Tincture  of  Cas- 
tor sufficient  to  form  a  mass. 

AN ALG  E'SIA,  from  «,  priv.  and  aXyo?,  'pain.' 
Absence  of  pain  both  in  health  and  disease. 
See  Anaesthesia. 

ANALOGOUS  TISSUES,  see  Tissues. 

ANALOSIS,  Atrophy. 

ANALTESIS,  Restauratio. 

ANAMNES'TIC,  from  *vs,  'again,'  and  py*- 
ejtai, '  I  remember.'  A  medicine  for  improving 
the  memory.     See,  also,  Commemorative. 

ANANAS,  Bromelia  ananas — a.  Acostoe  ova- 
te?, &c,  Bromelia  ananas — a.  Americana,  Bro- 
melia pinguin — a.  Wild,  broad-leaved,  Bromelia 
pinguin. 

ANANAZIP'TA.  A  word  formerly  scrawled 
on  amulets  to  charm  away  disease. 

ANANEO'SIS,  Renova'tio ;  from  svs, '  again,' 
and  nog,  '  new.'  Renovation  or  renewal, — as 
of  the  blood  by  the  chyliferous  vessels  and 
lymphatics. 

ANAPETf A,  Expan' sio  mea' tuurn, from  ai«, 
and  TTtrato,  '  1  dilate.'  A  state  opposite  to  the 
closure  of  vessels. — Galen. 

ANAPHALANTI'ASIS,  from  <Lvnqs.Xa.vTi*?, 
'  bald.'  Loss  of  the  hair  of  the  eyebrows.  Also, 
baldness  in  general. 

ANAPH'IA,  Anhaph'ia;  from  *,  *v,  priv.  and 
lsqt],  '  touch.'  Diminution  or  privation  of  the 
sense  of  touch. 

AN  APHONE'SIS,  from  *v<t, « high,'  and  <pmvV, 
1  voice.'  Exercise  of  the  voice:  vociferation: — 
the  act  of  crying  out.     Vocifera'lio,  Clamor. 

ANAPHORA,  Anabole. 

ANAPHRODIS'IA,  from  *,  priv.  and  A<p?o- 
iiTtj, '  Venus.'  Absence  of  the  venereal  appetite. 
Sometimes  used  for  Impotence  and  Sterility. 

ANAPHROMELI,  Mel  despumatum. 

ANAP'LASIS,  from  svs.71Xx.aow,  '  I  restore.' 
Confirma'lio.  Union  or  consolidation  of  a  frac- 
tured bone — Hippocr. 

ANAPLERO'SIS,  from  svavX^ow,  'Ifill  up .' 
Repletion.  That  part  of  surgical  therapeutics 
whose  object  is  to  supply  parts  that  are  wanting. 
Also,  Apposition  or  Prosthesis,  (q.  v.) 

ANAPLEROTICUS,  Incarnans. 

ANAPLEU'SIS,  Fluctva'tio,  Innata'tio,  from 
avanXeiv,  '  to  swim  above.'  The  looseness  or 
shaking  of  an  exfoliated  bone;  or  of  a  carious 
or  other  tooth,  &c. — Hippocr.,  Paulus. 

ANAPNEUSIS,  Respiration. 

ANAPNOMETER,  Spirometer. 

ANAPODOPHYLLUM  CANADENSE,  Po- 
dophyllum peltatum. 

ANA\"OSlS,Am,posis,  from  a\ a,  'again,'  and 
7tort?,  'drink.'  A  recession  of  humours  from 
the  circumference  to  the  centre  of  the  body. — 
Hippocr. 

ANAPSE,  Auante. 

ANAPSlA.Cascitas. 

ANAPTYSIS,  Expectoration. 

ANARRHEGNU'MINA,  from  avaooriyvvpai, 
'I  break  out  again.'  Fractures  are  so  called 
when  they  become  disunited;  as  well  as  ulcers 
when  they  break  out  afresh. 

ANARRHPNON,  from  ava,  'upwards,'  and 
piv,  'the  nose.'  That  which  returns  by  the 
nose. —  Gorraaus. 

According  to  others,  that  which  issues  by  the 
skin,  from  ava,  and  ftvo?,  'the  skin.' 


ANARRHCEA,  Anarrho'pia,Anu s'lasis,  from 
ava, '  upwards,'  and  qiw,  '  I  flow.'  Afflux  of  fluid 
towards  the  upper  part  of  the  body. 

ANAR11HOPIA,  Anarrhoea. 

ANAR'THROS,  avaodpo?,  from  av,  priv.and 
aQdgov,  '  a  joint.'  One  who  is  so  fat,  that  his 
joints  are  scarcely  perceptible. — Hippocrates. 

AN  ASAR'CA,  from  ava, '  through,'  and  <raa%, 
'  the  flesh.'  Anasarch'a,  Aqua  inter  cutem,  Hy- 
posar'ca,  Hydrops  cellula'ris  totius  cor'poris,  Ka- 
tasar'ca,  Episarcid'ium,  JHy'deros,  Hydrosar'ca, 
Hydroder'ma,  Sarci'tes,  Polylym'phia,  Hyposar- 
cid'ios,  Leucophlegma'tia,  General  dropsy, 
Dropsy  of  the  cellular  membrane.  (F.)  Ana- 
sarque.  Commonly,  it  begins  to  manifest  itself 
by  swelling  around  the  ankles;  and  is  charac- 
terized by  tumefaction  of  the  limbs  and  of  the 
soft  parts  covering  the  abdomen,  thorax,  and 
even  the  face,  with  paleness  and  dryness  of  the 
skin,  and  pitting  when  any  of  these  (especially 
the  ankles)  are  pressed  upon.  Like  dropsy  in 
general,  Anasarca  may  be  active  or  passive;  and 
its  treatment  must  be  regulated  by  the  rules 
that  are  applicable  to  general  dropsy.  See 
Hydrops. 

Anasarca  Hvstericum,  Anathymiasis — a. 
Pulmonum,  CEdeina  of  the  Lungs — a.  Serosa, 
Phlegmatia  dolens. 

ANASARCHA,  Anasarca. 

AJVASARQUE,  Anasarca. 

ANASPADLE'US,  Anaspa'dias,  from  ava, 
'upwards,'  and  cnam,  '  I  draw,'  One  whose 
urethra  opens  on  the  upper  surface  of  the  penis. 

ANASTASIS,  from  avarnaw^  'I  contract' 
Retrac'tio,  Contraction,  especially  of  the  sto- 
mach.— Hippocrates. 

ANASSA,  Bromelia  ananas. 

ANASTALTICA,  Styptics. 

ANASTASIS,  Anarrhoea. 

ANASTCECHEIO'SIS,  from  ara, 'again, 'and 
croi^siov,  'element.'  Re-elementa'tio.  Resolu- 
tion of  a  body  or  its  parts  into  their  elements. — 
Galen. 

ANASTOMO'SIS,  from  ava, '  with,'  and  <tto- 
,11a,  'a  mouth.'  lnoscula'tio,  Exanastomo'sis, 
Concur'sus.  (F.)  Abouchement.  Communica- 
tion between  two  vessels.  By  considering  the 
nerves  to  be  channels,  in  which  a  nervous  fluid 
circulates,  their  communication  likewise  has 
been  called  Anastomosis.  By  means  of  anasto- 
moses, if  the  course  of  a  fluid  be  arrested  in 
one  vessel,  it  can  proceed  along  others. 

Anastomosis,  J acobson's.  See  Petrosal  gan- 
glion. 

ANASTOMOT'ICS,  Anastomot' ica.  Same 
etymon.  Certain  medicines  were  formerly  so 
called,  which  were  believed  to  be  capable  of 
opening  the  mouths  of  vessels: — as  aperients, 
diurptics   o&c 

ANASTOMOT'ICUS  MAGNUS,  RAMUS, 
(F.)  Artere  collatirale  interne,  A.  collaterale  du 
coude,  is  a  branch  of  the  brachial  artery  which 
comes  off  a  little  above  the  elbow,  and  bestows 
branches  to  the  brachialis  internus,  to  the  under 
edge  of  the  triceps,  and  to  the  muscles,  liga- 
ments, &c,  about  the  elbow-joint 

AN  ATA  SIS,  Extension. 

AN  ATHYMPASIS,  from  ava, '  upwards,'  and 
6vua,  '  fumigation.'  (Ede'ma  fugax,  CEde'ma 
spas'ticum,  CEde'ma  hyster'icum,  Anasar'ca  hys- 
ter'icum.  An  uncertain  and  transient  swelling, 
said  to  have  been  observed  at  times  in  nervous 


ANATOME  ANIMATA 


44 


ANGUS 


and  hysterical  persons.  It  also  means  Exhala- 
tion, Fumigation,  and  Hypochondriasis,  (which 
see.) 

ANATOME  ANIMATA,  Physiology. 

ANATOMIA  VIVA,  Physiology. 

ANATOMIE,  Anatomy. 

ANAT'OMIST,  Anatom'icus.  One  who  oc- 
cupies himself  with  anatomy.  One  versed  in 
Anatomy. 

ANATOMY,  Anat'omS,  A natom! 'ia ,  from  arx, 
and  retain;  '  to  cut.'     (F.)  Anatomie. 

The  word  Anatomy  properly  signifies  dissec- 
tion; but  it  has  been  appropriated  to  the  study 
and  knowledge  of  the  number,  shape,  situation, 
structure,  and  connexion, — in  a  word  of  all  the 
apparent  properties  of  organized  bodies.  Ana- 
tomy is  the  science  of  organization.  Some  have 
given  the  term  a  still  more  extended  accepta- 
tion, applying  it  to  every  mechanical  decom- 
position, even  of  extra-organic  bodies.  Thus, 
Crystallography  has  been  termed  the  Anatomy 
of  crystallized  minerals.  Anatomy  has  also  been 
called  Morpho'logy,  Somatology,  Somatot' omy, 
Organology,  &c.  It  assumes  different  names, 
according  as  the  study  is  confined  to  one  orga- 
nized being,  or  to  a  species  or  class  of  beings. 
Thus  Androt'omy,  or  Anthropot'omy,  or  Anthro- 
pogfraphy,  or  Anthroposomatol'ogy,  is  the  Ana- 
tomy of  man: — Zootomy,  that  of  the  other  spe- 
cies of  the  animal  kingdom:  and  Vetf  erinary 
Anal! omy,  is  the  anatomy  of  domestic  animals: 
but  when  the  word  is  used  abstractedly,  it 
means  human  Anatomy,  and  particularly  the 
study  of  the  organs  in  a  physiological  or  healthy 
state.  Physiological  Anatomy  is  occasionally 
used  to  signify  the  kind  of  anatomy  which  in- 
vestigates structure  with  a  special  view  to  func- 
tion. The  Anatomy  of  the  diseased  human  body 
is  called  Patholog"ical  or  Morbid  Anatomy,  and 
when  applied  to  Medical  Jurisprudence,  Fo- 
ren'sic  Anatomy.  Several  of  the  organs  possess- 
ing a  similarity  of  structure,  and  being  formed 
of  the  same  tissues,  they  have  been  grouped  into 
Systems  or  Genera  of  Organs;  and  the  study  of, 
or  acquaintance  with,  such  systems,  has  been 
called  General  Anat'omy,  Histol'ogy,  or  Morphot'- 
omy,  whilst  the  study  of  each  organ  in  particu- 
lar has  been  termed  Descriptive  Anatomy.  De- 
scriptive Anatomy  has  been  divided  into  She- 
Ictol'ogy,  which  comprises  Osteol'ogy  and  Syn- 
desmol'ogy;  and  into  Sarcol'ogy,  which  is  sub- 
divided into  Myol'ogy,  Neurol' ogy,  Angiul'ogy, 
Adenol'ogy,  Splanchnology,  and  Derrnol'ogy. 
Sur'gicat  Anat'omy,  Medico-  Chirurgical  Anato- 
my, Topograph' ical  Anat'omy,  Regional  Anato- 
my, (F.)  Anatomic  Chirurgicale,A.  des  Regions, 
is  the  particular  and  relative  study  of  the  bones, 
muscles,  nerves,  vessels,  &c,  with  which  it  is 
indispensable  to  be  acquainted  before  perform- 
ing operations.  Comparative  Anat'omy  is  the 
comparative  study  of  each  organ,  with  a  view 
to  an  acquaintance  with  the  modifications  of 
its  structure  in  different  animals  or  in  the  dif- 
ferent classes  of  animals.  Transcendent' al  or 
Philosopk' ical  Anatomy  inquires  into  the  mode, 
plan,  or  model  upon  which  the  animal  frame  or 
oro-ans  are  formed;  and  Artific"ial  Anat'omy  is 
the  art  of  modelling  and  representing  in  wax  or 
other  substance,  the  different  organs  or  diffe- 
rent parts  of  the  human  body,  in  the  sound  or 
diseased  state.  Phytot'omy  is  the  anatomy  of 
vegetables. 
Anatomy,  Practical,  see  Dissection. 


ANATON,  Soda. 

ANATREPSIS,  Restauratio. 

ANATRES1S,  Perforation,  Trepanning. 

ANATR1BE,  Friction. 

ANATRIPS1S,  Friction. 

ANATRIPSOL'OGY,  Anatripsohg"ia,  from 
arccTPirpic,  'friction,'  and  Xoyog,  'a  discourse.' 
A  treatise  on  friction  as  a  remedy. 

ANATRON,_Soda. 

ANAT'ROPE,  from  ara,  '  upwards,'  and 
Toenu),  '  I  turn.'  A  subversion.  A  turning  or 
subversion  or  inverted  action  of  the  stomach, 
characterized  by  nausea,  vomiting, &c. — Galen. 
We  still  speak  of  the  stomach  turning  against 
any  thing. 

ANAUDIA,  Catalepsy,  Mutitas. 

ANAXYR1S,  Rumex  acetosa. 

ANAZESIS,  Ebullition. 

ANAZOTURIA,  see  Urine. 

ANGHA,  Haunch. 

ANCHILOPS.^Egilops. 

ANGHORAL1S  PROCESSUS,  Coracoid. 

ANCHU'SA  OFFICINALIS,  Alcdna,  Lin- 
gua Bovis,  Buglos'sum  sylvcs'trl,  Offic"inal  or 
Garden  Al'lianet  or  Bugloss;  Nat.  Ord.  Borajri. 
neae.  Sex-  Syst.  Pentandria  Monogynia.  (F.l 
Buglose.  A  native  of  Great  Britain.  The  herb 
was  formerly  esteemed  as  a  cordial  in  melan- 
cholia and  hypochondriasis ;  but  it  is  now  rarely 
used.  It  is  also  called  Buglos'sa,  Buglos'sum 
a.nguslifo' Hum  majus,  B.  vulga'rl  majus,  B.  sa- 
li'vum. 

Anchu'sa  Tincto'ria,  Alcan'na  spu'ria,  Dy- 
er's  Bugloss,  Ane'bium,  Buglos'sum  Tincto'rum, 
Litkosper1 'mum  villo'sum,  Dyer's  AL'kanet.  (F.) 
Orcanette.  A  European  plant.  The  medical 
properties  are  equivocal.  It  is  used  to  give  a 
beautiful  red  colour  to  ointments. 

ANCHYLOSIS,  Ankylosis. 

ANCISTRON,  Hamulus. 

AJVCOLIE,  Aquileofta  vulgaris. 

ANCON,  Elbow,  Olecranon. 

AKCONE,  Anconeus. 

ANCONE'US,  from  ayy.mr,  'the  elbow.'  A 
term  once  applied  to  every  muscle  attached  to 
the  olecranon.  Winslow  distinguished  four: 
—  the  great,  external,  internal,  and  small;  the 
first  three  being  portions  of  the  same  muscle, 
the  triceps  brachiulis.  The  last  has,  alone,  re- 
tained the  name.  It  is  the  Ancone'us  minor  of 
Winslow, the  Ancone'us  vel  Cubita'lis  Riola'm 
of  Douglass,  the  Epicon dyl o-Cubita' lis  of Chaus- 
sier,  the  Brevis  Cu'biti  (F.)  Ancone,  and  is  si- 
tuate at  the  upper  and  back  part  of  the  fore-arm. 
It  arises  from  the  external  condyle  of  the  os 
humeri,  and  is  inserted  into  the  posterior  edge 
of  the  upper  third  of  the  ulna.  Its  use  is  to  aid 
in  the  extension  of  the  fore-arm. 

Anconeus  Externcs,  see  Triceps  extensor 
cubili — a.  Internus,  see  Triceps  extensor  cubiti 
— a.  Major,  see  Triceps  extensor  cubiti. 

A  NOTE' RES.  Fibulx  or  Clasps,  by  which 
the  lips  of  wounds  were  formerly  kept  together. 
— Celsus.  Galen. 

ANCTER1ASMUS.     Infibulation. 

ANCU'BITUS,  Petrifac'tio.  An  affection  of 
the  eye,  in  which  there  is  a  sensation  as  if  sand 
were  irritalintr  the  oro-an. 

ANCUNNUEN'TiE.  A  name  formerly  given 
to  females  during  menstruation. 

ANGUS,  Ankus,  from  ayxoir,  'the  elbow.' 
One  who  cannot  extend  his  arms  completely. 


ANCYLE 


45 


ANETHUM 


Also,  the  deformity  resulting  from  a  luxation 
of  the  humerus  or  fore-arm. —  Hippocr. 

ANCYLE,  Ankylosis. 

ANCYLOBLEPHARON,  Ankyloblepharon. 

ANCYLOGLOSSUM,  Ankyloglossum. 

ANCYLOMELE,  Ankylomele. 

ANOYLOMER1SMUS,  Ankylomerismus. 

ANCYLOSIS,  Ankylosis. 

ANCYLOTOMUS,  Ankylotbmus. 

ANCYRA,  Hook. 

ANCYROIDES  PROCESSUS,  Coracoid. 

ANDA.  A  tree  of  Brazil,  Anda  Gome'sii, 
Joanne' sia  princeps.  Nat.  Order,  Euphorbiacea. 
Sex.  Syst.  Moncecia  Monadelphia.  An  oil  is  ob- 
tained from  the  seeds  by  pressure,  50  to  60  drops 
of  which  act  as  a  cathartic.  The  fruit  is  an  oval 
nut, containing  two  seed?.  These  have  the  taste 
of  the  chestnut;  but  are  strongly  cathartic,  and 
even  emetic.  The  shell  is  astringent,  and  used 
as  such  in  diarrhoea,  &c. 

ANDELY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  A. 
is  in  France,  near  Gysore,  and  8  leagues  from 
Rouen.  The  water  is  a  cold  and  weak  chaly- 
beatp.  It  is  used  in  chlorosis  and  abdominal  ob- 
structions. 

ANDIRA  LNERMIS,  GeofTraea  inermis— a. 
Surinamensis,  GeofFrsea  Surinamensis. 

ANDRACHAHARA,  Sempervivum  tecto- 
ruin. 

ANDRACHNE,  Arbutus  unedo,  Portulaca. 

ANDRANATOM'IA,  Andranat'ome,  Andro- 
tom'ia,  Androt'ome",  Anthropot' omy,  from  avtjQ, 
genitive  avJ^o?, «  a  man,'  and  re/trsiv,  'to  cut.' 
The  anatomy  of  man. 

ANDRI'A.    Adult  age. 

Andri'a  Mu'lier,  Mu'lier  Hermaphrodit'ica. 
A  female  hermaphrodite. 

ANDROGEN'IA,  from  avr,Q,  'man,'  and 
ycvsaig, '  generation.'  The  procreation  of  males 
—  Hippocr. 

ANDROG'YNUS,  from  ov^,  'a  man,'  and 
yvvt},  'a  woman.'  An  hermaphrodite.  An  ef- 
feminate person. — Hippocr. 

ANDROMANIA.     Nymphomania. 

ANDROM'EDA  ARBO'REA,  Sorrel  Tree, 
Sour  Tree,  Sour  Wood,  Elk  Tree,  Elk  Wood, 
Sorrel  wood,  Sour  Leaf.  (F.)  Andromedier.  A 
small  indigenous  tree;  Nat.  Ord.  Erices.  Sex. 
Syst.  DecandriaMonogynia;  found  in  the  Alle- 
ghany Mountains  and  the  hills  and  valleys  di- 
verging from  them,  as  far  as  the  southern  limits 
of  Georgia  and  Alabama;  but  seldom  north  of 
Virginia.  The  leaves  are  refrigerant  and  astrin- 
gent, and  have  been  used  to  make  a  kind  of 
lemonade,  which  has  been  given  in  fevers. 

Androm'eda  Maria'na.  Broad-leaved  Moor- 
worL  A  decoction  of  this  American  plant  is 
said  to  have  been  successfully  employed  as  a 
wash,  in  a  disagreeable  affection, — not  uncom- 
mon amongst  the  slaves  in  the  southern  parts 
of  the  United  States, — called  the  Toe  Itch,  and 
Ground  Itch. — Barton. 

ANDROPOGON  CHCENANTHUS,  Juncus 
odoratus — a.  Nardus,  Calamus  Alexandrinus, 
Nardns  Indica. 

ANDROSACE,  Umbilicus  marinus— a.  Mat- 
thioli,  Umbilicus  marinus. 

ANDROS^EMUM.    Hypericum  perforatum. 

ANDROTOMY,  Andranatomia. 

ANDRUM.  An  East  India  word,  Latinized 
by  Kcempfer,  signifying  a  kind  of  elephantiasis 
of  the  scrotum,  endemic  in  southern  Asia. 

AJMAJYTISSEMENT,  (F.)  Vir'iumeztinc'tio. 


This  word  is  often  employed  hyperbolically  by 
patients,  in  France,  to  signify  excessive  fatigue, 
debility  or  syncope. 

ANEBIUM.     Anchusa  Tinctoria. 

ANEBUS.     Impuber. 

ANECPYE'TUS,  from  *v,  for  ttvtvo,  'with- 
out,' and  nvitu,  '  I  promote  suppuration.'  That 
which  does  not  suppurate,  or  is  not  likely  to 
suppurate. 

ANEGER'TICE,  from  ctveysiou, '  I  awaken.' 
The  art  of  resuscitating  the  apparently  dead. 

ANEILE'MA,  Aneile'sis,  from  avtiUo^mi, '  to 
be  rolled  upwards.'  Applied  particularly  to  the 
motion  of  air  in  the  intestines  and  the  tormina 
accompanying  it. — Hippocr. 

ANEILESIS,  Aneilema. 

ANEMIA,  Anaemia. 

ANEMO'NE.  The  Wind  Flower:  from  *»*• 
/nog, '  the  wind,'  because  it  does  not  open  its 
flowers  till  blown  upon  by  the  wind. 

AJVliMOJVE  DES  BOIS,  Anemone  nemorosa. 

Anemo'ne  Hepat'ica,  Hepat'ica  nob'ilis,  Her- 
ba  Trinita'tis,  Hepat'ica  or  Herb  Trinity,  Hepat'- 
icus  Flos,  Trifo'lium  Hepal'icum,  Anem'ony. 
The  plant  is  a  mild  astringent  and  tonic.  Dose 
5J  of  the  powder.     It  may  be  given  in  infusion. 

Anemo'ne  Nemoro'sa,  Ranun'culus  albus, 
Wood  anem'ony.  (F.)  Ani.rn.one  des  hois.  The 
herb  and  flowers  are  poisonous,  acrid,  and  cor- 
rosive.   They  have  been  used  as  rubefacients. 

Anemo'ne  Praten'sis,  Pulsatilla  nigricans. 
This  plant  has  similar  properties  with  the  last. 
It  is  also  called  Meadow  Anemony.  (F.)  Pulsa- 
tille  noire,  P.  des  pris. 

Anemo'ne  Pulsatilla, Pulsatilla  vulga'ris, 
Herbaventis,JVola  culina'ria,  Pasqueflower,  (F.) 
Coquelourde,  possesses  like  properties. 

ANEMONY,  Anemone  hepatica — a.  Mea- 
dow, Anemone  pratensis — a.  Wood,  Anemone 
nemorosa. 

ANEMOS,  Wind. 

ANENCEPHALIA,  see  Anencephalus. 

AJVEJVCEPHALOTROPHIE,ftom  av,  priva- 
tive;  syxttpaXog,  'the  encephalon,'  and  Tgcx/))j, 
'nourishment.'     Atrophy  of  the  encephalon. 

ANENCEPHALUS,  from  a,  priv,  and  tyy.s- 
(paloc,  'brain.'  A  monster  devoid  of  brain. — 
Bonetus.  G.  St.  Hilaire.  Also  one  that  has  a 
part  only  of  the  brain.  Paraceph'alus.  The 
condition  has  been  called  Anencephal'ia.  A 
weak,  silly  person. — Hippocr. 

ANENTERONERVIA.    Colic. 

ANEPITHYM'lA,froma,priv.and*7n,?t7i(*, 
'  desire.'  Many  nosologists  have  used  this 
word  for  a  loss  of  the  appetites;  as  of  those  of 
hunger,  thirst,  venery,  &c. 

Anepithvmia  Chlorosis,  Chlorosis. 

ANERETHIS'lA,  Inirritabil'itas,  from  <t, 
priv.  and  iqtdioa;,  'irritability.'  Defect  of 
irritability. — Swediaur. 

ANESIS,  Remission. 

ANESTH&SIE,  Anaesthesia. 

ANESTHESIE  EXTATIQUE.  The  aggre- 
gate of  phenomena  of  impaired  feeling  produced 
especially  by  the  manipulations  of  the  animal 
magnetizer. — Andral. 

ANESON,  Anethurn. 

ANESUM,  Pimpinella  anisum. 

ANET,  Anethum. 

ANETH,  Anethum  graveolens. 

ANE'THUM,  And  son,  And  ton,  Anefthum 
Famidulum ,  Famidulum,  F.  vulg'arS,  F.  DulcS, 
Ligus'ticum    fanic'ulum,    Fennel    or    Finckle, 


ANETICUS 


46 


ANFION 


Mar'athrum,  Anct,  Sweet  Fennel,  (F.)  Fenouil 
ou  Anis  doux.  Nat.  Ord.  Umbelliferse.  Sex. 
Syst.  Pentandria  Digynia.  The  seeds,  Fcr- 
nic'ulum,  (Ph.  U.  S.)  have  an  aromatic  odour, 
and  warm  sweetish  taste.  They  are  carmina- 
tive. The  oil — Oleum  Fcenic'uli — is  officinal  in 
the  Pharm.  U.  S.  The  root  is  said  to  be  pecto- 
ral and  diuretic. 

Anethum  Fceniculum,  Anethum. 

Ake'thum  Grav'eolens,  Anethum,  A.  hor- 
ten'se",  Dill,  (F.)  Aneth,  Fenouil  puant.  A  na- 
tive of  the  south  of  Europe.  The  seeds  are 
stimulant  and  carminative.     Dose,  gr.  xv  to  jj. 

Oleum  Ane'thi,  Oil  of  Dill,  (F.)  Huile  d'Aneth, 
possesses  the  carminative  properties  of  the 
plant. 

ANETICUS,  Anodyne. 

ANETON,  Anethum. 

ANETUS,  Intermittent  fever— a.  Quartanus, 
Quartan — a.  Quotidianus,  Quotidian — a.Tertia- 
nus,  Tertian  fever. 

AN'EURISM,  Aneurys'ma,  Aneuris'ma,  from 
avevQvvuv,  'to  dilate  or  distend.'  Dilata'tio 
Arterial  rum,  Ecta'sia,  Emboris'ma,  Exangi'a 
aneuris'ma,  Arterieurys'ma,  Absces'sus  spirituo'- 
sus,  Arteriec'tasis,  (F.)  Andvrysme,  Aneurysme. 
Properly,  Aneurism  signifies  a  tumour,  pro- 
duced by  the  dilatation  of  an  artery;  but  it  has 
been  extended  to  various  lesions  of  arteries,  as 
well  as  to  dilatations  of  the  heart. 

There  are  various  kinds  of  aneurism.  The 
following  are  the  chief. 

I.  When  the  blood,  which  forms  the  tumour, 
is  enclosed  within  the  dilated  coats  of  the  arte- 
ry. This  is  the  true  aneurism,  Aneuris'ma 
verum,  Hernia  Artcria'rum.  (F.)  Andvrysme 
vrai. 

II.  When  the  blood  has  escaped  from  the 
opened  artery,  it  is  called  spurious  or  false  an- 
eurism, Aneuris'ma  spu'rium,  Ruptu'ra  Arte'- 
rice,  Arteriorrhex'is,  Arte' riodial'y sis,  Ecchymo'- 
ma  arterial 'sum.  (F.)  Anevrysme  faux.  The 
latter  is  divided  into  three  varieties. 

1.  The  diffused  false  aneurism,  (F.)  Andv- 
rysme  faux,  primitif  diffus,  noncirconscrit,  ou 
par  infiltration,  which  occurs  immediately  after 
the  division  or  rupture  of  an  artery,  and  consists 
of  an  extravasation  of  blood  into  the  cellular 
texture  of  the  part. 

2.  The  circumscribed  false  aneurism,  (F.)  A. 
faux  consdcutif,  circonscrit  ou  par  ipanchement, 
enkystd  ou  sacciforme,  tumeur  himorrhagiale 
circonscrite,  in  which  the  blood  issues  from  the 
vessel,  some  time  after  the  receipt  of  the  wound, 
and  forms  itself  a  sac  in  the  neighbouring  cel- 
lular membrane. 

3.  The  An'eurism  by  Anastomo'sis,  or  Var'- 
icose  An'eurism,  Phlebarteriodial'ysis,  Aneurys'- 
ma  venoso-arteriosum,  A.  varico'sum,  (F.)  An- 
evrysme par  anastomose  ou  variqueux,  A.  par 
e'rosion,  A.  de  Pott,  A.  des  plus  pelitcs  arteres, 
which  arises  from  the  simultaneous  wounding 
of  anartery  and  vein  ; — the  arterial  blood  passing 
into  the  vein,  and  producing  a  varicose  state  of 
it. 

III.  Mixed  Aneurism,  (F.)  Anevrysme  mixte, 
is  that  which  arises  from  the  dilatation  of  one 
or  two  of  the  coats,  with  division  or  rupture  of 
the  other.  Some  authors  have  made  two  va- 
rieties of  this. 

1.  Mixed  external  Aneurism,  where  the  inter- 
nal and  middle  coats  are  ruptured,  and  the  cel- 
lular is  dilated. 


2.  Mixed  internal  Aneurism,  in  which  the 
internal  coat  is  dilated,  and  protrudes  like  a 
hernial  sac,  through  the  ruptured  middle  and 
outer  coats.  This  variety  has  been  called  Aneu- 
ris'ma Her'niam  Arte'ria  sis'tens. 

Aneurisms  have  been  likewise  termed  Trau- 
mat'ic  and  Spontaneous,  according  as  they  may 
have  been  caused  by  a  wound,  or  have  origi- 
nated spontaneously.  They  have  also  been 
divided  into  internal  and  external. 

The  internal  aneurisms  are  situate  in  the 
great  splanchnic  cavities,  and  occur  in  the 
heart  and  great  vessels  of  the  chest,  abdomen, 
&c.  Their  diagnosis  is  difficult,  and  they  are 
often  inaccessible  to  surgical  treatment. 

The  external  aneurisms  are  situate  at  the 
exterior  of  the  head,  neck,  and  limbs,  and  are 
distinctly  pulsatory. 

Aneurisms,  especially  the  internal,  may  be 
combated  by  a  debilitant  treatment,  on  the  plan 
of  Valsalva,  which  consists  in  repeated  blood- 
letting, with  food  enough  merely  to  support 
life.  In  external  aneurism  the  artery  can  be 
obliterated.  This  is  usually  done  by  applying 
a  ligature  above  the  aneurismal  tumour. 

Aneurism,  Dissecting,  is  one  in  which, 
owing  to  rupture  of  the  inner  and  middle  coats 
of  an  artery,  the  blood  makes  itself  a  channel 
between  these  coats  and  the  outer  coat. 

In  many  cases,  the  lesion  appears  to  consist 
in  a  separation  of  the  lamina  of  the  middle  coat, 
between  which  the  blood  forms  itself  a  channel. 

Aneurisms  of  the  Heart,  Curdion'chi,  Car- 
dieurys'ma,  (F.)  An'tvrysmes  du  cceur,  have  been 
divided  into  active  and  passive.  The  former  can 
scarcely  be  esteemed  aneurisms,  as  they  most 
commonly  consist  of  increased  thickness  of  the 
parietes  of  the  heart,  which  diminishes  its  cavity 
instead  of  increasing  it.  The  term  Hypertrophy 
of  the  heart,  (q.  v.)  better  indicates  their  charac- 
ter. Passive  aneurism,  Cardiectasie,  on  the  con- 
trary, is  attended  with  extenuation  of  the  pari- 
etes of  the  organ,  and  enlargement  of  the  cavi- 
ties. The  physical  signs  of  dilatation  of  tin 
heart  are  the  following: — The  action  of  the 
heart  is  not  visible,  and  no  impulse  is  conveyed 
to  the  hand.  On  percussion,  there  is  a  loss  of 
resonance  over  a  larger  surface  than  usual,  but 
the  dulness  is  much  less  intense  than  that  which 
accompanies  hypertrophy.  On  auscultation,  the 
action  of  the  heart  is  only  slightly  felt,  and  com- 
municates at  once  the  impression  of  its  dimi- 
nished power.  The  impulse  is  feebler  than 
usual.  Both  sounds  are  widely  transmitted 
over  the  thorax,  and  are  not  much  fainter  at  a 
distance  from  their  point  of  origin. 

The  name  Aneurism  of  the  Valves  of  the  heart 
has  been  given  to  pouch-like  projections  of  the 
valves  into  the  auricles. 

ANEURIS'MAL,  Aneurys'mal,Aneurismat'ic, 
Aneurisma'lis.  That  which  belongs  to  Aneurism. 

Aneurismal  Sac  or  Cyst,  (FT)  Sac  ou  Kyste 
anevrysmal,  is  a  sort  of  pouch,  formed  by  the 
dilatation  of  the  coats  of  an  artery,  in  which 
the  blood,  forming  the  aneurismal  tumour,  is 
contained. 

ANEUR1SMATIC,  Aneurismal. 

ANEURYSM,  Aneurism. 

ANEVRYSME,  Aneurism. 

ANEURYSMUS,  Dilatation. 

ANEVRYSME,  Aneurism-a.  de  I'Aorle, 
Aorteurysma. 

ANFION.  Maslach. 


s.NFRACTUOSITE'S  CARSBRALES      47 


ANGINA  PECTORIS 


ANFRACTUOSITE'S  CltREBRALES,  An- 
fractuosities,  cerebral— a.  Ethmo'idales,  see  An- 
fractuosity. 

ANFRACTUOS'ITY^n/Vac'fus,  Gyrus,  from 
am,  '  around,'  and  frangere,  fraclum,  'to  break.' 
A  groove  or  furrow.  Used  in  anatomy  to  signify 
sinuous  depressions,  of  greater  or  less  depth, 
like  those  which  separate  the  convolutions  of 
the  brain  from  each  other.     These 

Anfractcosities,  Cerebr Ai.,Anfrac'lus  Cer- 
ebri, Gyri  Cer'ebri,  Intestin'ula  Cer'ebri,  (F.)  An- 
fractuosites  Ciribrales,  are  always  narrow,  and 
deeper  at  the  upper  surface  of  the  brain  than  at 
its  base;  and  are  lined  by  a  prolongation  of  the 
pia'mater. 

The  Ethmoid  Cells  are,  sometimes,  called 
Anfractuositis  cthmoidales. 

ANFRACTUS,  Anfractuosity— a.  Cerebri, 
Anfractuosities  (cerebral.) 

ANGEIAL,  Vascular. 

ANGEIOG'RAPHY  or  ANGIOGRAPHY, 
Angeiograph'ia,  from  ayytiov,  'a  vessel,'  and 
■yoaipr;,  '  a  description.'  The  anatomy  of  the 
v  esse  ]s 

ANGEIOHYDROG'RAPHY^n^oAi/rfroo-'- 
raphy,Angeiondrog/raphy,Angeiohydrogra'phia, 
from  ayyuov,  'a  vessel,'  'lkJcuo,  '  water,'  and  y^a- 
<pto,  '  I  describe.'    A  treatise  on  the  lymphatics. 

ANGEIOH YDROT'OMY ,  Angiohydrot'omy, 
Angeiondrot'omy,  Angeiohydrotom'ia,  from  ay- 
ytiov, •  a  vessel,'  'vSwq,  '  water,'  and  jtfivtiv, i  to 
cut.'     Dissection  of  the  lymphatics. 

ANGEIOLEUCl'TIS,  Angioleuci'tis,  Lym- 
phangei'tis,  Lymphangi'lis,  Lymphi'tis,  Lympha- 
ti'tls,  from  ayytiov,  'a  vessel.'  Xtvxog,  'white,' 
and  itis,  inflammation.  (F.)  Inflammation  des 
tissus  blancs.  Inflammation  of  the  lymphatics: 
lymphatic  or  scrofulous  inflammation. 

ANGEIOL'OGY,  Angiol'ogy,  Angeiolog"ia, 
from  ayytiov, '  a  vessel,'  and  Aoyog, '  a  discourse.' 
A  description  of  the  vessels.  The  anatomy  of 
the  vessels.  It  includes  Arteriol'ogy,  PhleboU- 
ogy,  and  Angeiohydrol'ogy. 

ANGEION,  Vessel. 

ANGEIONDROGRAPHY,Angeiohydrogra- 
phy. 

ANGEIONDROTOMY,  Angeiohydrotomy. 

ANGEIOPATHI'A,  Angiopathi'a,  from  ay- 
ytiov, '  a  vessel,' and  na6og,  'a  disease.'     Dis- 

C3.SC  of*  the  V6SS6IS. 

ANGEIORRHAGIA,  Haemorrhagia  activa. 

ANGEIORRHCE'A,  (F.)  AngiiorrMe;  from 
ayytiov,  '  a  vessel,'  and  ota),  '  I  flow.'  Passive 
hemorrhage. 

ANGEIOSTEO'SIS,  Angiosto'sis,  from  ay- 
ytiov, 'a  vessel,'  and  oortwoig,  'ossification.' 
Ossification  of  vessels. 

ANGEIOT'OMY,  Angiot'omy,  Angeiotom'ia, 
from  ayytiov,  '  a  vessel,'  and  rt^vtiv,  '  to  cut.' 
Dissection  of  the  vessels. 

ANGEI'TIS,  Inflamma'tio  vaso'rum,  (F.) 
Angeitc.     Inflammation  of  vessels  in  general. 

ANGEL'ICA.  Angcl'ica  Archangel' ica,  A. 
Hispa'na,  Garden  Angelica.  (F.)  Angelique,  Ra- 
cine de  Saint  Esprit.  So  called  from  its  sup- 
posed angelic  virtues.  Nat.  Ord.  Umbelliferae. 
Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria  Digynia.  Native  of  Lap- 
land. The  roots,  stalk,  leaves,  and  seed  are 
aromatic  and  carminative.  A  sweetmeat  is 
made  of  the  root,  which  is  agreeable. 

Angel'ica  Atropurvu'rea,  Angelica,  (Ph.  U. 
S.)  Master  wort.  An  indigenous  species,  grow- 
ing over  the  whole  of  the  United  States,  and 


admitted  into  the  secondary  list  of  the  Pharma- 
copoeia of  the  United  States.  Virtues,  same  as 
those  of  the  Angelica  of  Europe. 

Angel'ica  Svlves'tkis,  A.  sati'va,  Wild  An- 
gelica. (F.)  Angelique  sauvage.  Possesses  si- 
milar properties  to  the  last,  but  in  an  inferior 
degree.  The  seeds,  powdered  and  put  into  the 
hair,  are  used  to  destroy  lice. 

Angelica  Sylvestris,  Ligusticum  podagra- 
ria — a.  Tree,  Aralia  spinosa. 

ANGELI'N^E  CORTEX.  The  bark  of  a 
Grenada  tree,  which  has  been  recommended  as 
an  anthelmintic  and  cathartic. 

ANG&LIQUE,  Angelica — a.  Sauvage,  An- 
gelica sylvestris. 

ANGELOCACOS,  Mvrobalanus. 

ANGIECTASIA  VENOSA,  Varix. 

ANGIEC'TASIS,  from  ayytiov,  'a  vessel,' 
and  txraaic,  '  dilatation.'  Any  dilatation  of 
vessels. — Gr'afe  and  Alibert. 

AJYGIITE,  Inflammation,  Angeitia. 

ANGIITIS,  Angeitis. 

ANGI'NA,  FebrisAngino'sa,  Isthmi'tis,  Quin- 
sey  or  Sore  Throat;  from  angere,  '  to  suffocate.' 
Inflammation  of  the  supra-diaphragmatic  por- 
tion of  the  alimentary  canal,  and  of  the  air  pas- 
sages. The  Latin  writers  applied  the  term  to 
every  disease  in  which  deglutition  or  respira- 
tion, separately  or  united,  was  effected,  pro- 
vided that  such  affection  was  above  the  sto- 
mach and  lungs. — Boerhaave  speaks  of  the  an- 
gina of  the  moribund,  which  is  nothing  more 
than  the  dysphagia  or  difficult  deglutition  pre- 
ceding death. — See  Cynanche. 

Angina  Aquosa,  CEdema  of  the  glottis. 

Angina  Aphthosa,  Aphthae — a.  Bronchialis, 
Bronchitis — a.  Canina,  Cynanche  trachealis — 
a.  Cordis,  Angina  pectoris — a.  Cum  tumore,  Cy- 
nanche tonsillaris — a.  Epidemica,  Cynanche 
maligna — a.  Epiglottidea,  Epiglottitis — a.  Exu- 
datoria,  Cynanche  trachealis — a.  Externa,  Cy- 
nanche parotidaea — a.  Gangrenosa,  Cynanche 
maligna — a.  Humida,  Cynanche  trachealis — a. 
Inflammatoria,  Cynanche,  Cynanche  trachealis 
— a.  Laryngea,  Laryngitis — a.  Linguaria,  Glos- 
sitis— a.  Maligna,  Cynanche  maligna,  Pharyn- 
gitis diphtheritic — a.  Maxillaris,  Cynanche  pa- 
rotide— a.Membranacea,  Cynanche  trachealis. 

Angi'na  Nasa'lis,  JYasi'tis  posti'ca.  An  in- 
flammation of  the  posterior  portion  of  the 
Schneiderian  membrane  lining  the  nose. 

Angi'na  CEdemato'sa,  (F.)  Angine  acdima- 
teuse,  GUdhne  de  la  Glotte.  An  eedematous 
swelling  of  the  glottis;  the  effect  of  chronic 
cynanche  laryngea.  See  QEdema  of  the  Glottis. 

Angina  Palatina,  Hyperoitis  —  a.  Paralyti- 
ca, Pharyngoplegia — a.  Parotidsea  Externa,  Cy- 
nanche parotidsea. 

Angi'na  Pec'toris,  A.  cordis,  Sternal'gia, 
Asthma  spas' tico- arthr  it' icum  incon'stans,  Asth- 
ma diaphragmat!  icum,  Arthr  i'  lis  diaphragmatica, 
Orthopnaz'a  cardi'aca,  Sternodyn' ia  syncoptica  et 
palpilans,  S.  syncopa'lis,  Cardiog'mus  cordis 
sinistri,  Astheni'a  pectoralis,  Angor  pec'toris, 
Stenocardia,  Diaphragmat' ic  gout,  Asthma  con- 
xiilsi'vum,  Asthma  arthrit'icum,  Cardioneural'- 
gia,  Neural' gia  brachiotltorac" ica,  Hypereesthe'- 
sia  plexus  cardi'aci,  A.  dolorif'icum,  Syn'copB 
angina' sa,  Pneumonal' gia,  Suffocative  Breast- 
pang.  (F.)  Angine  de  Poitrine,  Necrose  du 
Caur.  A  disease,  the  precise  pathology  of 
which  is  not  well  known.  The  principal 
symptoms  are,   violent   pain    about   the   ster- 


ANGINA  PELL1CULARIS 


48 


ANGUISH 


num,  extending  towards  the  arms;  anxiety, 
dyspnoea,  and  sense  of  suffocation.  It  is  an  af- 
fection of  great  danger,  and  is  often  connected 
with  ossification,  or  other  morbid  affection  of 
the  heart.  It  appears  to  be  neuropathic,  and 
has  been  termed  JVeura/gia  of  the  Heart.  Some, 
however,  employ  this  last  term  for  an  acutely 
painful  intermittent  affection  of  the  heart, 
which  seems  to  differ  from  angina  pectoris 
more  in  regard  to  the  small  number  of  parts 
which  are  drawn  into  morbid  consent  with  the 
affected  cardiac  nerves,  than  in  regard  either 
to  its  nature  or  appropriate  treatment.  The 
most  powerful  stimulating  and  narcotic  anti- 
spasmodics are  required  during  the  paroxysm. 

Angi'na  Pellicula'ris,  Diptheri'tis  (q.  v.) 
of  the  throat.  A  name  given  to  those  inflam- 
mations about  the  throat,  in  which  exudations 
or  false  membranes  are  thrown  out,  during  the 
phlogosis  of  mucous  membranes.  Aphtha,  Tra- 
cheitis, when  accompanied  with  the  membrani- 
form  exudation,  are,  with  some,  examples  of 
diphtheritic  inflammation. 

Angi'na  Pekniciosa,  Cynanche  trachealis — 
a.  Polyposa,  Cynanche  trachealis — a.  Polyposa 
seu  membranacea,  Cynanche  trachealis — a. 
Pulposa,  Cynanche  trachealis. 

Angi'na  Sanguinf.a,  Cynanche  tonsillaris. 

Angi'na  Sicca,  (F.)  Angine  seche,  is  a  chro- 
nic inflammation  of  the  pharynx,  with  a  dis- 
tressing sense  of  dryness  and  heat,  in  chronic 
diseases  of  the  stomach  and  lungs.  See  Pae- 
danchone. 

Angi'na  Squirro'sa,  (F.)  Angine  squirreuse, 
consists  in  difficulty  of  deglutition,  caused  by 
scirrhous  disorganization  of  the  pharynx  or 
oesophagus,  or  by  enlarged  tonsils. 

Angi'na  Strepitosa,  Cynanche  trachealis — 
a.  Suffocatoria,  Cynanche  trachealis — a.  Syno- 
chalis,  Cynanche  tonsillaris — a.  Tonsillaris,  Cy- 
nanche tonsillaris — a. Trachealis,  Cynanche  tra- 
chealis—a.  Ulcerosa,  Cynanche  maligna — a. 
Uvularis,  Staphylcedema,  Uvulitis — a.  Vera  et 
legitima,  Cynanche  tonsillaris. 

ANGIjYE  GUTTURALE,  Cynanche  tonsil- 
laris— a.  Laryrtgie,  Laryngitis — a.  Laryngf.e  et 
tracheale,  Cynanche  trachealis — a.  Laryngee 
ademateuse,  Oedema  of  the  glottis — a.  (Esopha- 
gienne,  Oesophagitis— a.  Pharyngdc,  Cynanche 
parotida?a — a.  de  Poitrine,  Angina  pectoris — a. 
Sdche,  Angina  sicca  —  a.  Squirreuse,  Angina 
squirrosa — a.  TonsiUaire,  Cynanche  tonsillaris. 

ANGlNEbX,  Anginosa. 

ANGINO'SA,  (F.)  Angineux.  That  which 
is  accompanied  with  angina;  as  Scarlati'na  an- 
gino'sa. 

ANGIOCARDITIS,  frftm  ayyuov,  'a  vessel,' 
and  carditis,  '  inflammation  of  the  heart.'  In- 
flammation of  the  heart  and  great  vessels. 

ANGIOGRAPHY,  Angeiography. 

ANGlOHllMIE,  Hypersemia. 

ANGIOHYDROGRAPHY,  Angeiohydro- 
graphy. 

ANGIOHYDROTOMY,  Angeiohydrotomy. 

ANGIOLEUCITIS,  Angeioleucitis. 

ANGIOLOGY,  Angeiolocy. 

ANGIOFATHIA,  Angeiopathia. 

ANGIOPYRA,  Synocha. 

ANGIO'SIS,  from  ayyuov,  'a  vessel.'  An- 
geio'sis.  Under  this  term  Alibert  includes  every 
disease  of  the  blood-vessels. 

ANG10STOS1S,  Angeiostosis. 

ANGIOTEN'IC,  AngeioUn'ic,  Angioten'icvs, 


seu  Angcioten'icus.     From  ayyuov,     a  vessel 
and  timff,  'to  extend.'     An  epithet  given  to 
inflammatory  fever,  owing  to  its  action  seeming 
to  be  chiefly  exerted  on  the  vascular  system. 

ANGIOTOMY.  Angeiotomy. 

ANGLE,  An' gulus,  from  ayxvXoc,  <a  hook. 
The  space  between  two  lines  which  meet  in  a 

point. 

Angle,  Fa'cial,  pointed  out  by  Camper,  is 
formed  by  the  union  of  two  lines,  one  of  which 
is  drawn  from  the  most  prominent  part  of  the 
forehead  to  the  alveolar  edge  of  the  upper  jaw, 
opposite  the  incisor  teeth,  and  the  other  from 
the  meatus  auditorius  externus  to  the  same 
point  of  the  jaw.  According  to  the  size  of  the 
angle  it  has  been  attempted  to  appreciate  the 
respective  proportions  of  the  cranium  and  face, 
and,  to  a  certain  extent,  the  degree  of  intelli- 
gence of  individuals  and  of  animals.  In  the 
white  varieties  of  the  species,  this  angle  is  ge- 
nerally 80° ;  in  the  negro  not  more  than  70°, 
and  sometimes  only  65°.  As  we  descend  the 
scale  of  animals,  the  angle  becomes  less  and 
less;  until,  in  fishes,  it  nearly  or  entirely  dis- 
appears. Animals  which  have  the  snout  long 
and  facial  angle  smali,  are  proverbially  foolish; 
at  least  they  are  so  esteemed,  such  as  the  snipe, 
crane,  stork,  &c,  whilst  intelligence  is  ascribed 
to  those  in  which  the  angle  is  more  largely  de- 
veloped, as  the  elephant  and  the  owl.  In  these 
last  animals,  however,  the  large  facial  angle  is 
caused  by  the  size  of  the  frontal  sinuses:— so 
that  this  mode  of  appreciating  the  size  of  the 
brain  is  very  inexact,  and  cannot  be  depended 
upon. 

The  following  is  a  table  of  the  angle  in  man 
and  certain  animals: 

FACIAL  ANGLES. 

Man from  65°  to  85" 

Sapajou         .......  65 

Orang-Utang    -        -        -        -        -        -  56  to  58 

Guenori         .....--  57 

Mandrill 30  to  42 

Coati     .....-.- 
Pole-cat    -----.- 
Pug-dog        .-...-- 

Mastiff 

Hare 

Ram  ....... 

Horse    .--..--- 


31 

.35 

41 

30 

30 

23 

Angle,  Optic,  (F.)  Angle  oplique,\s  the  angle 
formed  by  two  lines,  which  shave  the  extremi- 
ties of  an  object,  and  meet  at  the  centre  of  the 
pupil. 

AJVGOrSSE,  Angor. 

ANGOLAM.  A  very  tall  Malabar  tree,  which 
possesses  vermifuge  properties. 

AN'GONE,  Prtefoca'tio  Fau'cium,  Globus 
hystericus,  Orthopna'a  hysler'ica.  Dijspha'gia 
globo'sa,  D.  hysterica,  J\'crvous  Quinsey.  A 
feeling  of  strangulation,  with  dread  of  suffoca- 
tion. It  is  common  in  hysterical  females,  and 
is  accompanied  with  a  sensation  as  if  a  ball 
arose  from  the  abdomen  to  the  throat. 

ANGOR,  Anguish,  (F.)  Angoisse.  Extreme 
anxiety,  accompanied  with  painful  constriction 
at  the  epigastrium,  and  often  with  palpitation 
and  oppression.  It  is  frequently  an  unfavoura- 
ble symptom. 

Angor,  Agony,  Orthopnoea — a.  Pectoris,  An- 
gina pectoris. 

ANGOS,  Bubo,  Uterus,  Vessel. 

ANGOURION,  Cucumis  sativus. 

ANGU1S,  Serpent. 

ANGUISH,  Angor. 


ANGULA1RE  DE  VO MO PL ATE 


49 


ANIMAL  HEAT 


Anguish,  Febrile,  Jlngor  Ftbri'lis.,  The 
combination  of  weariness,  pain,  anxiety  and 
weakness  affecting  the  head  and  neck,  which 
is  so  generally  observed  at  the  commencement 
of  fever. 

AJVGULAIRE  DE  L'OMOPLATE,  Levator 
scapulae. 

AN'GULAR,  Angula'ris,  from  angulus,  '  an 
angle.'  (F.)  AnguLaire.  That  which  relates  to 
an  angle. 

Angular  Artery  and  Vein.  A  name  given, 
1.  to  the  termination  of  the  facial  artery  and 
vein,  because  they  pass  by  the  greater  angle  of 
the  eye;  and,  2.  to  the  facial  artery  and  vein 
themselves,  because  they  pass  under  the  angle 
of  the  jaw.     See  Facial. 

Angular  Nerve  is  a  filament  furnished  by 
the  inferior  maxillary,  which  passes  near  the 
greater  angle  of  the  eye. 

Angular  Processes  of  the  frontal  bone  are 
seated  near  the  angles  of  the  eyes.   See  Orbitar. 

ANGULARIS,  Levator  scapulee. 

AXGULI-SCAPULO-HUMERAL.  Teres  ma- 
jor. 

ANGULUS  OCULARIS,  Canthus. 

ANGURIA,  Cucurbita  citrullus. 

ANGUSTATIO  CORDIS.     Systole. 

ANGUS'TIA,  Angusta'tio,  Stenocho'ria.  Anx- 
iety or  constriction. 

Angustia  Abdominalis,  Pelvis,  (Brim) — a. 
Perinaealis,  Pelvis  (Outlet.) 

ANGUSTURA,  Cusparia  febrifuga— a.  Spu- 
ria, Brucea  antidysenterica. 

AJVGUSTURE,  FAUSSE,  Brucea  antidysen- 
terica— a.  Femigi7ieuse,  Brucea  anti-dysente- 
rica — a.  Vraie,  Cusparia  febrifuga. 

ANH^MATOSIA,  Asphyxia,  Anaemia. 

ANtLEMIA,  Ancemia. 

ANHAPHIA,  Anaphia. 

ANHELA'TIO,  from  anhelo,  '  I  pant.'  An- 
hel'itus,  Panting,  Anhelation.  (F.)  Essovflemenl. 
Short  and  rapid  breathing.     See  Dyspnoea. 

Anhela'tio  is  sometimes  employed  synony- 
mously with  asthma. 

ANHELITUS,  Breath. 

AJNHIS'TOUS,  from  «,  av,  'privative,*  and 
laroc,  'organic  texture,'  'anorganic'  The  tu- 
nica decidua  uteri  is  termed  by  Velpeau  the 
anhistous  membrane. 

ANHUIBA,  Laurus  sassafras. 

ANICE'TON,  Mesia'mum,  from  a,  privative, 
and  \  ixrj, '  victory,' '  invincible.'  A  plaster  much 
extolled  by  the  ancients  in  cases  of  achores.  It 
was  formed  of  litharge,  cerusse,  thus,  alum,  tur- 
pentine, white  pepper,  and  oil. 

ANI'DEUS,  from  av,  'privative,'  and  tiSog, 
'  shape,'  Amorphus,  A  monster  devoid  of  shape. 
— J.  G.  St.  Hilaire. 

AJNIDRO'SIS,  from  a,  privative,  and  Idgoig, 
'  sweat.'  Sudo'ris  nul'litas  vel  prioa'tio.  Ab- 
sence of  sweat.  Deficiency  of  perspiration. — 
Hippocr. 

ANILITAS.     See  Dementia. 

AN'IMA,  An'imus,Mens,  Psychs.  The  mind, 
breath,  &c,  from  aveuog,  'wind  or  breath.'  (F.) 
Ame.  The  principle  of  the  intellectual  and 
moral  manifestations.  Also,  the  principle  of 
life: — the  life  of  plants  being  termed  Jin'ima  ve- 
get'Ui'va,  (F.)  Ame  vegetative;  that  of  man, 
An'ima  sensiti'va,  (F.)  Ame  sensitive. 

Under  the  term  Anima  Mundi,  the  ancient 
philosophers  meant  a  universal  Spirit,  which 


they  supposed  spread  over  every   part  of  the 
universe. 

The  precise  seat  of  the  mind  in  the  brain  has 
given  rise  to  many  speculations.  The  point  is 
unsettled. 

Anima  Aloes  :  see  Aloes — a.  Articulorum, 
Hermodactylus — a.  Hepatis,  Ferri  sulphas — a. 
Pulmonum,  Crocus. 

AN'IMAL,  Zoun,  uiov.  A  name  given  to  every 
animated  being  provided  with  digestive  organs: 
even  if  such  be  merely  a  simple  tube,  as  in  the 
polypi.  The  greater  part  of  animals  have  the 
power  of  locomotion;  some  can  merely  execute 
partial  movements,  such  as  contraction  and 
dilatation.  In  other  respects  it  is  often  a  mat- 
ter of  difficulty  to  determine  what  is  an  animal 
characteristic.  The  study  of  animals  is  called 
Zool'ogy. 

An'imal,  (adjective,)  Anima'lis.  That  which 
concerns,  or  belongs  to,  an  animal. 

Animal  Heat,  Color  anima'lis,  Cal'idum  ani- 
ma'lE,  C.  inna'tum,  Biolych'nion,  (F.)  Chaleur 
animate,  is  the  caloric  constantly  formed  by 
the  body  of  a  living  animal,  by  virtue  of  which 
it  preserves  nearly  the  same  temperature,  what- 
ever may  be  that  of  the  medium  in  which  it  is 
placed.  This  formation  seems  to  take  place 
over  the  whole  of  the  body,  and  to  be  connected 
with  the  action  of  nutrition. 

The  following  are  the  natural  temperatures  of 
certain  animals;  that  of  man  being  98°  or  100°. 

Animals. 

Arctic  fox, 

Arctic  wolf, 

Squirrel, 

Hare, 

Whale, 

Arctomys  citillus,  ziiil— in  summer,. 

Do.  when  torpid, 80  to  84 

Goat, 103 

Bat,  in  summer, J         ,no 

Musk, ; 

Marmota  bobac, — Bobac, 101  or  102 

House  mouse, 101 

Arctomys  marmota,  marmot,— in  summer,...  101  or  102 

Do.  when  torpid, 43 

Rabbit 100  to  104 

Polar  Bear, 100 

Dog, \ 

Cat, | 

Swine, j-  100  to  103 

Sheep, | 

Ox, J 

Guinea-pig 100  to  102 

Arctomys  glis, 99 

Shrew, 93 

Young  wolf, 96 

Fringillaarctica,  Arctic  finch, j  iji 

Rubecola,  ndbreast, i 

Fringilla  linaria,  lesser  redpoll, 110  or  111 

Falco  palumbarius,  goshawk, ) 

Caprimulgus    Europ*us,    European   goal-    >         100 

sucker ) 

Emberiza  nivalis,  snow-bunting, 109  to  110 

Falco  lanarius,  lannir, "| 

Fringilla  carduelis,  goldfinch,. 

Corvus  corax,  raven, } 

Turdus.  thrush,  (of  Ceylon,)... 

Tetrao  perdrix,  partridge, 

Anas  clypeata,  shovelir, 

Tringa  pugnax,  ruffe 

Scolopax  limosa,  lesser  godwit,. 

Tetrao  tetrix,  grouse, ! 

Fringilla  brumalis,  winterfinch,. 

Loxia  pyrrhula, 

Falco  nisus,  sparrowhawk, 

Vultur  barbatus, 

Anser  pulchricollis,. 


Temperatures. 

107 

"I        105 

.' .'  }         104 
103 


109 


108 


Colynibus  auritus,  dusky  grebe, i  ,q^ 

Tringa  vanellus,  lapwing,  (wounded,) J 

Tetrao  lagopus,  ptarmigan, J 

Fringilla  domestica,  house  sparrow, 107  to  111 


ANIMALCULE 


50 


AJVJVEAU 


ANIMALS. 

Stri.x  passerina,  little  owl, 

Hocmatopus  ostra!e«us,  sea-pie, 

Anas  penelope,  widgeon, 

Anas  strepera,  gudwall, I 

Pelecanus  carbo, J 

Falco  ossifragus,  sea-eagle, 

Fulica  atra,  coot 

Anas  acuta,  pintail-duck 

Falco  milvus,  kite,  (wounded,) 

Merops  apiaster,  bee  eater, J 

Goose, 1 

Hen ' 

Dove, r 


106 


103  to  107 


Duck 

Ardea  stellaris, ) 

Falco  albicollis, \         103 

Picus  major, j 

Cossus  liguiperda, 89  to  91 

Shark 83 

Torpedo  marmorata, 74 

Animal  Kingdom,  (F.)  Regne  Animal,  com- 
prises all  animated  beings. 

ANIMAL'CLJLE,  Animal' culum;  diminutive 
of  animal.  A  small  animal.  An  animal  per- 
ceptible only  by  means  of  the  microscope. 

ANIMAL'CULIST,  An'imalist.  One  who  at- 
tempts to  explain  different  physiological  or  pa- 
thological phenomena  by  means  of  animalcules. 
ANIMALIST,  Animalculist. 
AN1MALTTY,  Animal' 'Has.  Qualities  which 
distinguish  that  which  is  animated.  That  which 
constitutes  the  animal. 

AN'IMALIZATION,  Animalisa'tio.  The 
transformation  of  the  nutritive  parts  of  food 
into  the  living  substance  of  the  body  to  be 
nourished. 

To  AN'IMATE,  Anima'rS.  To  unite  the 
living  principle  with  an  organized  body.  The 
French  use  it  in  the  sense  of, — to  excite  or  ren- 
der active;  as,  animer  un  visicatoire:  to  excite 
a  blister  to  suppurate. 

ANIMATION,  Zoo'sis,  Anima'tio,  from  ani- 
ma, '  the  soul  or  mind.'  The  act  of  animating. 
The  state  of  being  enlivened. 

Animation,  Suspended,  Asphyxia. 
AN'IME,  Gum  an'irne,  Amince'a,  Can'camy, 
Gummi  an'imS,  Can'camum.  A  resin  obtained 
from  the  trunk  of  Hymencc'a  cour'baril.  It  has 
been  given  as  a  cephalic  and  uterine.  It  is 
not  used.     The  plant  is  also  called  Cour'baril. 

AJYIlW,  (F.)  An  epithet  applied  to  the  coun- 
tenance, when  florid,  in  health  or  disease. 
ANIMELL.E,  Parotid. 

ANIMI  CASUS  SUBJTUS,  Syncope— a.  De- 
liquium,  Syncope — a.  Pathemata,  Passions. 

AN'IMIST,  from  an'ima,  'the  soul.'  The 
Animists  are  those  who,  following  the  example 
of  Stahl,  refer  all  the  phenomena  of  the  animal 
economy  to  the  soul. 

The  soul,  according  to  Stahl,  is  the  imme- 
diate and  intelligent  agent  of  every  movement 
and  of  every  material  change  in  the  body. 
Stahl  therefore  concluded,  that  disease  was 
nothing  more  than  a  disturbance  or  disorder  in 
the  government  of  the  economy,  or  an  effort  by 
which  the  soul,  attentive  to  every  morbific 
cause,  endeavoured  to  expel  whatever  might  be 
deranging  the  habitual  order  of  health. 
ANIMUS,  Anima,  Breath. 
ANIS,  Pimpinella  anisum — a.  Aigre,  Cumi- 
num  cyminum — a.  de  la  Chine,  Illicium  ani- 
satum — a.  Doux,  Anethum — a.  Jitoile,  Illicium 
anisaturn. 

ANISA'TUM,  from  Anisum,  Anise.  A  sort 
of  medicated  wine,  formerly  prepared  with  ho- 
ney, wine  of  Ascalon,  and  aniseed. 


Temperatures.        ANISCALPTOR,  Latissimus  dorsi. 

ANISE  PLANT,  Pimpinella  anisum — a. 
Star,  Illicium  anisaturn,  I.  Floridanum — a.  Tree, 
Florida,  Illicium  Floridanum — a.  Tree,  yellow- 
flowered,  Illicium  anisaturn. 

ANISEED,  See  Pimpinella  Anisum. 

ANISI  SEMINA.     See  Pimpinella  anisum. 

ANISOS'TUENES,  lnaqua'li  rub' ore  pol'- 
lens.  That  which  is  unequal  in  strength:  from 
a,  priv.,  toog,  'equal,'  and  adeioc,  'strength.' 
An  epithet  applied  particularly  to  the  muscular 
contractility,  which,  in  the  sick,  is  sometimes 
augmented  in  certain  muscles  only:  in  the 
flexors,  for  example. 

ANISOT'ACHYS,  from  a,  priv.,  too;,  'equal,' 
and  ra/v <;,  'quick.'  An  epithet  for  the  pulse 
when  at  the  same  time  quick  and  unequal. — 
Gorraeus. 

ANISUM,  Pimpinella  anisum — a.  Africanum 
frutescens,  Bubon  Galbanum — a.  Fruticosum 
galbaniferum,  Bubon  galbanum — a.  Sinense, 
Illicium  anisaturn — a.  Stellatuni,  Illicium  ani- 
saturn. 

ANKLE,  Astragalus,  Malleolus. 

ANKUS,  Ancus. 

ANKYLOBLEPH'ARON,  Ancylobleph'aron, 
Palpebra'rum  coal'itus,  from  ayxvXr;,  '  contrac- 
tion,' and  pXtipctQov,  '  eyelid.'  A  preternatural 
union  between  the  free  edges  of  the  eyelids. 
Likewise  called  Symbleph'aron,  Symblepharo'sis, 
and  Pros' 'p/tysis. 

Also,  union  between  the  eyelids  and  globe  of 
the  eye. — Atitius. 

ANKYLOGLOS'SUM,  Ancyloglos'sum,  Con- 
cre'lio  linguae,  from  ayy.vXog, '  crooked,'  or  'con- 
tracted,' and  yXuooa,  '  the  tongue.'  Impeded 
motion  of  the  tongue  in  consequence  of  adhe- 
sion between  its  margins  and  the  gums;  or  in 
consequence  of  the  shortness  of  tlie  franum: 
the  latter  affection  constituting  Tongue-lie, 
Olopho'nia  lin'guae  frxna'ta.  It  merely  re- 
quires the  frsenum  to  be  divided  with  a  pair  of 
scissors. 

ANK  YLOME'LE,  Aneylome'le,  from  ayy.vXoc., 
'  crooked,'  and  fitjXr], '  a  probe.'  A  curved  probe. 
—  Galen. 

ANKYLOMERIS'MUS,  Ancylomeris'mus, 
from  ayxvli],  'a  contraction,'  and  /.uQog,  'a 
part.'     Morbid  adhesion  between  parts 

AN'KYLOPS,  ^gilops. 

ANKYLO'SIS, Ancylo'sis,Anchij!o'sis,  Ortho- 
colon,  Orthocyllo'sis,  An'cyle,  Stiff  Joint,  from 
aynvXog,  'crooked.'  An  affection,  in  which 
there  is  great  difficulty  or  even  impossibility  of 
moving  a  diarthrodial  articulation.  It  is  so 
called,  because  the  limb,  commonly,  remains 
in  a  constant  state  of  flexion.  Anchylosis  is 
said  to  be  complete  or  true,  when  there  is  an 
intimate  adhesion  between  the  synovial  sur- 
faces and  union  of  the  articular  extremities  of 
the  bones.  In  the  incomplete  or  false  anchylo- 
sis, there  is  obscure  motion,  but  the  fibroua 
parts  around  the  joint  are  more  or  less  stiff  and 
thickened.  In  the  treatment  of  this  last  state, 
the  joint  must  be  gently  and  gradually  exer- 
cised; and  oily,  relaxing  applications  be  assi- 
duously employed. 

ANKYLOT'OMUS,  Ancylofomus,  from  «v- 
xvXo? ,  'crooked,'  and  iifxvuv,  'to  cut.'  Any 
kind  of  curved  knife  — Paulus.  An  instrument 
tor  dividing  the  frsenum  lingute.— Scultetus. 

ANNEAU,  Ring— a.  Crural,  Crural  canal— 


ANNEXE 


51 


ANONYMOUS 


a.  Diaphragmatique,  Diaphragmatic  ring — a. 
Fimoral,  Crural  canal— a.  Inguinal,  Inguinal 
ring — a.  Ombilical,  Umbilical  rinor. 
ANNEXE,  Accessory,  Appendix. 
ANiNl  CRITIC1,  Climacterici  (anni)— a.  De- 
cretorii,  Climacterici  (anni) — a.  Fatales,  Cli- 
maclerici  (anni) — a.  Genethliaci,  Climacterici 
(anni)  — a.  Gradarii,  Climacterici  (anni) — a. 
Hebdomadici,  Climacterici  (anni) — a.  Heroici, 
Climacterici  (anni)— a.  Natalitii,  Climacterici 
(anni) — a.  Scalares,  Climacterici  (anni) — a. 
Scansiles,  Climacterici  (anni.) 

ANNOTA'TIO,    Episema'sia.     Under    this 
term  some  have  included  the  preludes  to  an  at- 
tack of  intermittent  fever — as  yawning,  stretch- 
ing, somnolency,  chilliness,  &c. 
ANNOTTO.     See  Terra  Orleana. 
AN'NUAL   DISE'ASES,  Morbi  an'nui,  M. 
anniversa'rii.  (F.)  Maladies  annueltes.     A  name 
given,  by  some,  to  diseases  which  recur  every 
year  about  the  same  period.     Febris  annua  is  a 
term  used  for  a  fancied  intermittent  of  this 
type.     (F.)  Fievre  annuelle. 
ANNUENS,  Rectus  capitis  internus  minor. 
ANNUIT'IO,  Nodding,   from  ad,    'to,'  and 
nutus,  'a  nod.'     A  gesture   denoting  assent  in 
most  countries.    Also,  the  state  of  somnolency, 
(when  the  individual  is  in  the  erect  or  sitting 
posture,  with  the  head  unsupported,)  in  which 
the  power  of  volition  over  the  extensor  muscles 
of  the  head  is  lost,  and  the  head  drops  forward. 
AN'NULAR,  Annula'ris,  Cricoi'des,  (annus, 
'a  circle.')     Any  thing  relating  to  a  ring,  or 
which  has  the  shape  or  fulfils  the  functions  of 
a  ring;  from  annulus,  'a  ring,'  itself. 

Annular  Finger,  or  Ring  Finger,  Dig"itus 
annula'ris,  Param'esos,  is  the  fourth  finger;  so 
called  from  the  weddi  ng-ring  being  worn  thereon. 
An'nular  Lig'ament  of  the  Ra'dius,  is  a 
very  strong  fibro-cartilaginous  band,  which 
forms,  with  the  lesser  sigmoid  cavity  of  the 
cubitus,  a  kind  of  ring  in  which  the  head  of 
the  radius  turns  with  facility. 

Annular  Lig'aments  of  the  Carpus,  A- 
mil'lse  manus  membrano' sse,  are  two  in  number. 
The  one,  anterior,  is  a  broad,  fibrous,  quadrila- 
teral band,  extending  transversely  before  the 
carpus,  and  forming  the  gutter,  made  by  the 
wrist,  into  a  canal.  It  is  attached,  externally, 
to  the  trapezium  and  scapho'ides;  and  internally 
to  the  os  pisiforme  and  process  of  the  unciforme. 
It  keeps  the  tendons  of  the  flexor  muscles,  me- 
dian nerve,  &c.,  applied  against  the  carpus. 
The  posterior  ligament  is  situate  transversely 
behind  the  joint  of  the  hand,  and  covers  the 
sheaths  of  the  tendons,  which  pass  to  the  back 
of  the  hand.  Its  fibres  are  white  and  shining, 
and  are  attached,  externally,  to  the  inferior  and 
outer  part  of  the  radius;  internally,  to  the  ulna 
and  os  pisiforme. 

An'nular  LYg'aments  of  the  Tarsus  are  two 
in  number.  The  anterior  is  quadrilateral,  and 
extends  transversely  above  the  instep.  It  is 
attached  to  the  superior  depression  of  the  os 
calcis,  and  to  the  malleolus  internus.  It  em- 
braces the  tendons  of  the  extensor  muscles  of 
the  toes,  the  tibialis  anticus,  and  peroneus  anti- 
cus.  The  internal  is  broader  than  the  last.  It 
descends  from  the  malleolus  internus  to  the 
posterior  and  inner  part  of  the  os  calcis,  with 
which  it  forms  a  kind  of  canal,  enclosing  the 
sheaths  of  the  tendons  of  the  tibialis  posticus, 
flexor  longus  digitorum  -pedis,  and  F.  longus 


pol/icis  pedis,  as  well  as  the  plantar  vessels  and 
nerves. 

Annular  Vein,  Vena  annula'ris,  is  situate 
between  the  annular  finger  and  the  little  finger. 
Aetius  recommends  it  to  be  opened  in  diseases 
of  the  spleen. 

ANNULARIS,  Cricoid:  see  Digitus— a.  Ani, 
Sphincter  ani. 

A  NN  UL  I-  TENDINO-PHALANGIENS, 
Lumbricales  manus. 

A  NNULUS,Dactylius,Vulva— a.  Abdominis, 
Inguinal  ring — a.  Fossae  ovalis:  see  Ovalis  fossa 
— a.  Albidus,   see    Ciliary    (body) — a.    Cellu- 
losus,    Ciliary    ligament — a.    Ciliaris,    Ciliary 
ligament — a.Gangliformis,  see  Ciliary  (body) — 
a.  Repens,   Herpes   circinatus — a.  Umbilicalis, 
Umbilical  ring — a.  Ventriculi,  Pylorus. 
ANO,  arm.    A  prefix  denoting  'above,  up.' 
ANOCCELIA,  Stomach. 
ANO'DIA,  from  av,  priv.  and  wfy,  '  song.' 
An  unconnected  or  dissonant  mode  of  speech. 
ANOD1N,  Anodyne. 
ANODOS,  Edentulus. 

AN'ODYNE,  Anod'ijnus,  Antod'ynus,  Antid'- 
ynous,  (improperly,)  Paregor'icus,  Hypnot'icus, 
Anet'icus,  Antal' gicus,  (F.)  Anodin  ou  Anodyn, 
from  a,  av,  priv.  and  odurrj,  'pain.'  Anodynes  are 
those  medicines  which  relieve  pain,  or  cause  it 
to  cease;  as  opium,  belladonna,  &c.  They  act 
by  blunting  the  sensibility  of  the  brain,  so  that 
it  does  not  appreciate  the  morbid  sensation. 

ANODYN'IA,  Indolcn'tia.  Cessation  or  ab- 
sence of  pain.  Vogel  has  given  this  name  to  a 
genus  of  diseases,  characterized  by  a  cessation 
of  pain,  and  the  exasperation  of  other  symp- 
toms; as  we  see  in  gangrene. 

ANODYNUM  M1NERALE,  Potassce  nitras 
sulphatis  paucillo  mixtus. 

ANCE'A,  from  a,  privative,  and  voo$,  'mind.' 
Delirium,  imbecility.     See  Dementia  and  Idiot- 
ism. 
ANOMAL,  Anomalous. 

ANOMA'LIA,  from  av,  priv.  and  ojuaXog,  're- 
gular.' Abnor'mhas,  Aliena'lio.  Anomaly,  irre- 
gularity. In  Pathology,  anomaly  means  some- 
thing unusual  in  the  symptoms  proper  to  a  dis- 
ease. 
Anomalia  Nervorum,  Nervous  diathesis. 
ANOMALOTROPHIES,  from  av,  privative, 
otiaXog,  'regular,'  and  TQocprj,  'nourishment.'  A 
class  of  diseases,  which  consist  in  modifications 
in  the  nutrition  of  organs. — Gendrin. 

ANOM'ALOUS,  Ano'malus;  the  same  etymon. 
Irregular;  contrary  to  rule.     (F.)  Anomal.     In 
Medicine,   a   disease   is   called   anomalous,  in 
whose  symptoms  or  progress  there  is  something 
unusual.    Affections  are  also  called  anomalous, 
which  cannot  be  referred  to  any  known  species. 
ANOMALUS,  Irregular. 
ANOMMATUS,  Anophthalmus. 
ANOMOCEPH'ALUS,  from    «,  priv.  vouog, 
'rule,'  and  y.tya/Lrj,  'head.'     One  whose  head  is 
deformed. — Geoffroi  Saint-Hilaire. 

ANOMTHALOS,  from  av,  privative,  and 
o/uyaXo?,  'the  navel.'  Devoid  of  navel.  Many 
writers  have  endeavoured  to  show  that  Adam 
and  Eve  must  have  been  avou<paXoi,  as  they 
could  not  have  been  nourished  by  umbilical 
vessels. 
ANONYMS,  Innominatum. 
ANON'YMOUS,  Anon'ymus,  Jnnomina'tus, 
(F.)  Anonyme,  from  av,  priv.  and  ovouu,  'name.' 
That  which  has  no  name. 


ANOPHTHALMIA 


53 


A  N  THE  LI  X 


The  word  has  been  applied  to  many  parts  of 
the  body:  —  to  the  Anonymous  bone  or  Os  imo- 
mlnatum: — the  Anonymous  foramen  or  Fora- 
men innomina'7im,  fyc. 

ANOPHTHAL'MUS,  Anom'matus,  from  av, 
privative,  and  o<p6aljuog,  'an  eye.'  A  monster 
devoid  of  eyes. 

ANOPSTA,  from  av,  priv.  and  otp,  'the  eye.' 
A  case  of  monstrosity  in  which  the  eye  and 
orbit  are  wanting. 

ANOPTICONERV1E,  Amaurosis. 

ANOR'CHIDES,  from  av,  priv.  and  cqXiq, 
'a  testicle.'  Those  born  without  testicles. — 
Fortunatus  Fidelis. 

ANOREX'IA,  from  *v,  priv.  and  cgsS«5,  'ap- 
petite.' Inappeten'tia,  Limo'sis  expers.  (F.) 
Perte  d'appctit.  Absence  of  appetite,  without 
loathing.  Anorexia  or  want  of  appetite  is  symp- 
tomatic of  most  diseases.  Also,  Indigestion, 
Dyspepsia  (q.  v.) 

Anorexia  Exhausto'rom,  Frigidity  of  the 
stomach — a.  Mirabilis,  Fasting. 

ANORGANIC.  See  Anhistous, and  Inorganic. 

ANORMAL,  Abnormous. 

ANOS'lA,  from  a,  priv.  and  voo-og,  'disease.' 
Health.     Freedom  from  disease. 

ANOS'MIA,  from  a.,  privative,  and  oa-uy, 
'odour.'  Loss  of  smell.  Diminution  of  the 
sense  of  smell.  Called,  also,  Anosphrdsia,  Pa- 
ras'mia,  Olf actus  amis' sio,  0.  defid'iens,  Dysaes- 
the'sia  olfacto'ria,  Anassthe' sia  olfacto'  ria,Odora'  ■ 
tus  deper'ditus,  Caco'dia,  (F.)  Perte  de  VOdorat. 

ANOSPHRES1A,  Anosmia. 

JINSE  (F.),  Ansa  (L.)  signifies,  properly,  the 
handle  of  certain  vessels,  usually  of  an  arched 
form.  By  analogy,  it  has  been  applied  to  that 
which  is  curved  in  the  form  of  such  handle. 
Thus,  the  French  speak  of  Anse  intestinale  to 
signify  a  portion  of  intestine,  supported  by  its 
mesentery,  and  describing  a  curved  line : — also, 
of  Anse  nerveuse,  Anse  anastomotigue,  fyc. 

Anse  defil.  is  used,  in  Surgery,  to  designate  a 
thread,  curved  in  the  form  of  an  Anse. 

ANSERINA,  Potentilla  anserina. 

ANS&RINE,  Chenopodium  ambrosioides — a. 
Anthelminlique,  Chenopodium  anthelminticum 
— a.  Bon  Henri,  Chenopodium  Bonus  Henricus 
— a.  Dotrys,  Chenopodium  Botrys — a.  F'etide, 
Chenopodium  vulvaria — a.  Vermifuge,  Cheno- 
podium anthelminticum. 

ANTACIDS  or  ANTI-ACIDS,  Antinc"ida, 
from  anti,  'against,'  and  acida,  'acids.'  Reme- 
dies which  obviate  acidity  in  the  stomach. 
They  are  chemical  agents,  and  act  by  neutral- 
izing the  acid.  Those  chiefly  used  are  ammo- 
nia, calcis  carbonas,  calx,  magnesia,  magnesia 
carbonas,  potassa,  potassoe  bicarbonas,  p.  car- 
bonas, sodse  bicarbonas,  and  s.  carbonas.  They 
are,  of  course,  only  palliatives,  removing  that 
which  exists,  not  preventing  the  formation  of 
more. 

ANTAG'ONISM,  Antagonis'mus,  from  slvti, 
'against,'  and  ctywvittiv,  'to  act.'  Action  in  an 
opposite  direction.  It  applies  to  the  action  of 
muscles  which  act  in  a  contrary  direction  to 
others.  In  estimating  the  force  of  the  muscles, 
this  antagonism  must  be  attended  to. 

ANTAG'ONIST,  Antagonis'ta.  A  muscle, 
whose  action  produces  an  effect  contrary  to 
that  of  another  muscle.  Every  muscle  has  its 
antagonist,  because  there  is  no  motion  in  one 
direction  without  a  capability  of  it  in  ano- 
ther. 


A.NTALGICUS,  Anodyne. 

ANTAPHRODIS'IAC  and  ANTAPHRO- 
DIT'IC,  Antaphrodisiacus,  Anterot'icus,  from 
olvti,  'against,'  and  aupouSicrizxic,  'aphrodisiac' 
A  substance  capable  of  blunting  the  venereal 
appetite. 

ANTAPOD'OSIS,  from  a.vT4.no5idw/.ti,  <I 
return  in  exchange.'  The  succession  and  re- 
turn of  the  febrile  periods.— Hippocr. 

ANTATROPH'IC,  Antatroph'icus,  Antia- 
troph'icus,  from  cciti,  'against,'  and  aroocpta, 
'  atrophy.'  A  remedy  opposed  to  atrophy  or 
consumption. 

ANTEBRACHIAL.    See  Antibrachial. 

ANTECENDEN'TIA.  The  precursory  or 
warninir  symptoms  of  a  disease. 

ANTELA'BIA.  Prochei'la,  from  ante,  'be- 
forehand labia,  'the  lips.'  The  extremity  of 
the  lips. 

ANTELOPE,  Antilopus. 

ANTEMBALLOMENOS,  Succedaneum. 

ANTEM'BASIS,  from  avn,  and  t/x^mvm, « I 
enter.'  Mu'tuus  ingres'sus.  The  mutual  re- 
ception of  bones. — Galen. 

ANTEMETIC,  Antiemetic. 

ANTENDEIXIS,  Counter-indication. 

ANTENEAS'MTKS,  from  avn,  'against.' 
and  vtav,  '  audacious.'  One  furious  against 
himself.  Mania,  in  which  the  patient  attempts 
his  own  life. — Zacchias. 

ANTENNA'RIA  DIOICA,  Gnaphd Hum 
Dioicum,  Hispid' ula,  P  es  cati,  Elich'rysum  mon- 
ta'num,  Calsfoot,  (F.)  Pied  de  chat.  A  com- 
mon European  plant,  which  has  been  advised 
in  hemorrhage,  diarrhoea,  &c. 

ANTEPH1ALTIC,  Antiephialtic. 

ANTEP1LEPTIC,  Antiepileptic. 

ANTEREl'SIS,  from  avn,  'against,'  and 
eqeiSoi,  'I  support.'  The  resistance — the  soli- 
dity— of  bones. — Hippocr. 

AJVTtitUEUR  DUMARTEAU,L<LxatoT  tym- 
pani — a.  de  [ Oreille,  Anterior  auris. 

ANTE'RIOR,  Anti'cus,  from  ante,  'before.' 
Situate  before.  Great  confusion  has  prevailed 
with  Anatomists  in  the  use  of  the  terms  be- 
fore, behind,  &c.  Generally,  the  word  anterior 
is  applied  to  parts  situate  before  the  median 
line,  the  body  being  in  the  erect  posture,  with 
the  face  and  palms  of  the  hands  turned  forwards; 
and  the  feet  applied  longitudinally  together. 

Ante'kior  Au'ris  (Muscle,)  Auricu/a'ris  an- 
te' rior,  (F.)  Auriculaire  antdrieur,  Anteritur  de 
I'oreille,  Zygomato-oriculaire.  A  small  muscle, 
passing  from  the  posterior  part  of  the  zygoma 
to  the  helix.  Use.  To  draw  the  ear  forwards 
and  upwards. 

Anterior  Mallei,  Laxator  tympani. 

ANTEROTICUS,  Antaphrodisiac. 

ANTEUPHORBIUM,Cacaliaanteuphorbium. 

ANTEVER'SI0N,^rt«eper'5io,from  ante,  'be- 
fore,'  and  verlere,  versum, '  to  turn.'  Displace- 
ment of  the  uterus,  in  which  the  fundus  is 
turned  towards  the  pubes,  whilst  its  orifice  is 
towards  the  sacrum.  It  may  be  caused  by  ex- 
traordinary size  of  the  pelvis,  pressure  of  the 


viscera  on  the  uterus,  &c.;  and  is  recognised 
by  examination  per  vaginam.  See  Retroversio 
uteri. 

ANTHEL1TRAGUS,  (F.)  Anth'dilmgien. 
Une  of  the  proper  muscles  of  the  pavilion  of 
the  ear. 

ANT'HELIX  or  ANTI-HELIX,  from 
'  before,'  and  hit*,  'the  helix.'     An  emi 


m  am, 
nence 


ANTHELMINTIC 


53 


ANTHRAX 


on  the  cartilage  of  the  ear,  in  front  of  the  helix,  i 
and  extending  from  the  concha  to  the  groove 
of  the  helix,  where  it  bifurcates. 

ANTHELMINTIC,  Antihelmin'ticus,  Anti- 
scot  icus,  Antivermino'sus,  Vermif'ugus,  Ver'- 
mifuge>  from  avzt,  'against,'  and  ttfiivs,  'a 
worm.'  A  remedy  which  destroys  or  expels 
worms,  or  prevents  their  formation  and  deve- 
lopment. The  chief  anthelmintics  are,  the 
Chenopodium,  Mucu'na,  Oleum  animale  Dip- 
pelii,  Oleum  Terebinthinas,  Sodii  Chloridum, 
Spigelia,  and  Pulvis  Stanni.  See  Worms  and 
Helminthatrogues. 

ANTHEMA  ERUPTIO,  Exanthem. 

AN'THEMIS  COT'ULA,  from  arttm,  'I 
flower.'  Cot'ula,  C.fa'tida,  Cota,  Cynan'thtmis, 
Chamaeme'  lum  fae'tidum, An'themis  Novcboracen'  - 
sis,  Chamomil'/a  spu'ria,  Mayflower,  Mayweed, 
Stinking  Chamomile,  Wild  Cham'omile,  Dog's 
fennel,  Dilly,  Dilweed,  Fieldweed,  Fissweed, 
Nat.  Old.  Compositae  Corymbiferffi.  Sex.  Syst. 
Syngenesia  Superflua.  (F.)  Maroute,  Camomille 
fetide,  Camomille  puantc.  This  plant  has  a 
very  disagreeable  smell;  and  the  leaves  have 
a  strong,  acrid,  bitterish  taste.  It  is  reputed  to 
have  been  useful  in  hysterical  affections. 

An'themis  No'bilis,  Chamxme'lum,  Ckame- 
mse'lum  No'bile,  Chamomil'la  Roma'na,  Euan'- 
themon,  An'themis,  Chameeme'Lum  odora'tum, 
Leucan'tkemum,  Matrica'ria,  (F.)  Camomille  Ro- 
maine.  The  leaves  and  flowers, — Anthemis,  Ph. 
U.  S. — have  a  strong  smell,  and  bitter,  nauseous 
taste.  The  flowers  are  chiefly  used.  They  pos- 
sess tonic  and  stomachic  properties,  and  are 
much  given  as  a  pleasant  and  cheap  bitter.  A 
simple  infusion  is  taken  to  produce,  or  to  assist 
vomiting.  Externally,  they  are  often  used  in 
fomentations. 

The  O'lcum  Anthem' idis  possesses  the  aro- 
matic properties  of  the  plant,  but  not  the  bitter 
and  tonic.  Consequently,  the  '  Chamomile 
Drops,'  as  sold  by  the  druggists,  must  be  devoid 
of  the  latter  qualities.  They  are  made  by  add- 
ing 01.  anthem,  f.  ^j.  to  Sp.  vini  rectif.  Oj. 

Anthemis  Noveboracensis,  A.  Cotuln. 

An'themis  Py'rethrcjjvt,  Pi/rcthrum,  Ana- 
cyc'lus  pyrethrum,  Pyrethrum  ve.rum,  Baph- 
thal'mum  Cre'ticum,  Denla'ria,  Herba  saliva'ris, 
Pes  ALexandri'nus,  Spanish  Chamomile,  Pelli- 
tory  of  Spain,  (F.)  Pyrethre,  Racine  salivaire, 
Pied  d' Alexandre.  The  root  is  hot  and  acrid; 
its  acrimony  residing  in  a  resinous  principle. 
It  is  never  used  except  as  a  masticatory  in 
toothache,  rheumatism  of  the  face,  paralysis  of 
the  tongue,  &c.  It  acts  as  a  powerful  sialo- 
gogue. 

The  Pellitory  of  the  shops  in  Germany  is 
said  to  be  derived  from  Anacyc'lus  qfficina'rum; 
a  plant  cultivated  in  Thuringia  for  medicinal 
purposes. 

An'themis  Tincto'ria,  Buphthal'mi  Herba, 
Dyer's  Chamomile,  a  European  plant,  has  a 
bitter  and  astringent  taste,  and  has  been  re- 
garded stomachic  and  vulnerary,  (F.)  Camo- 
mille des  Teinturiers,  OZil  de  Bauf. 

ANTHE'RA,  from  «*0ijgos, '  florid,'  so  called 
from  its  florid  colour.  A  remedy  compounded 
of  several  substances,  myrrh,  sandarac,  alum, 
saffron,  &c.  It  was  used  under  the  form  of 
liniment,  collyrium,  electuary,  and  powder. — 
Celsus,  Galen. 

AiNTHEREON.  Mentum. 

ANTHORA  VULGARIS,  Aconitum  anihora. 


ANTHOS:  see  Rosmarinus — a.  Sylvestris, 
Ledum  sylvestre. 

ANTHRA'CIA,  from  avdva*,  'coal.'  Car- 
bun'cular  Exan'them.  An  eruption  of  tumours, 
imperfectly  suppurating,  with  indurated  edges, 
and,  for  the  most  part,  a  sordid  and  sanious  core. 
A  genus  in  the  order  Exanthematica,  class  Hm- 
maticaof  Good,  and  including  Plague  and  Yawa. 

Antmracia,  Anthracosis — a,  Pestis,  Plague 
— a.  Rubula,  Frambcesia. 

ANTHRACION.     See  Anthrax. 

AN'THRAOOID.  Anthraco'des,  from  avdoa^, 
'coal,'  and  tidog, 'resemblance.'  (F.)  CharboTi- 
neux.  As  black  as  coal.  Accompanied  by,  or 
resembling  anthrax. 

ANTHRACOMA,  Anthrax. 

ANTHRACOS1A,  Anthrax. 

ANTHRACO'SIS,  Anthra'cia,  Carbo  Palpe- 
bru'rum,  from  avdqa^,  'a  coal.'  A  species  of 
carbuncle,  which  attacks  the  eyelids  and  globe 
of  the  eye. — Paulus  of  iEgina.  Also,  a  carbuncle 
of  any  kind.  It  has  been  used  recently  for  the 
"black  lung  of  coal  miners,"  which  is  induced 
by  carbonaceous  accumulation  in  the  lungs. 
When  ulceration  results  from  this  cause,  black 
phthisis  exists. 

-  ANTHRAKOK'ALT,  from  ai^ct;, '  coal,'  and 
kali,  '  potassa.'  An  article  recently  introduced 
as  a  remedy  in  cutaneous  diseases.  It  is  formed 
by  dissolving  carbonate  of  potassa  in  10  or  \2 
parts  of  boiling  water,  and  adding  as  much 
slacked  lime  as  will  separate  the  potassa.  The 
filtered  liquor  is  placed  on  the  fire  in  an  iron 
vessel,  and  suffered  to  evaportite,  until  neither 
froth  nor  effervescence  occurs,  and  the  liquid 
presents  a  smooth  surface  like  oil.  To  this, 
levigated  coal  is  added  in  the  proportion  of  160 
grammes  to  192  grammes  of  potassa.  The  mix- 
ture is  stirred,  and  removed  from  the  fire,  and 
the  stirring  is  continued,  until  a  black  homoge- 
neous, powder  results.  A  sulphuretted  anthra- 
kukali  is  made  by  mixing  accurately  1 G  grammes 
of  sulphur  with  the  coal,  and  dissolving  the 
mixture  in  the  potassa  as  directed  above.  The 
dose  of  the  simple  and  sulphuretted  prepara- 
tions is  about  two  grains  three  times  a  day. 

ANTHRAX,  arbors,  'a  coal,'  An'trax,  Carbo, 
Rubi'nus  verus,  Codcscl'/a,  Erytht'ma  gangrc- 
no'sum,  Grantris'tum,  Prima,  Per'sicus  Ignis, 
Granatris'tum,  Phyma  anthrax,  Erythe'ma  an- 
thrax, Carbun' cuius  Anthroco'sia,  Anthroco'ma, 
Absces'sus  gangramescens,  A.  gavgrxno'sus, 
Furun'culus  malig'nus,  F.  gangranosus,  Car- 
buncle, (F.j  Charbon.  An  inflammation,  es- 
sentially gangrenous,  of  the  cellular  membrane 
and  skin,  which  may  arise  from  an  internal  or 
external  cause.  In  the  latter  case  it  is  called, 
Anthra'cion,  Vcsic'itla  gangrxnes'cens,  Pustule 
maligne;  Boulon  d'Alep,  Feu  Persique  (Persia?i 
Fire)  Mal-vat,  Boulon  malin,  Pu:e  maligne,  and 
is  characterized  at  the  outset  by  a  vesication  or 
bleb  filled  with  a  sero-sanguinolent  fluid,  under 
which  a  small  induration  is  formed,  surrounded 
by  an  areolar  inflammation,  which  becomes 
gangrenous.  It  has  been  thought  by  some  to 
be  induced  altogether  by  contact  with  the  mat- 
ter of  the  carbuncle  of  animals,  or  of  the  exuviae 
of  bodies  of  such  as  had  died  of  the  disease. 
But  it  is  now  known  to  arise  primarily  in  the 
human  subject. 

Anthrax  is  a  malignant  boil,  and  its  treat- 
ment is  similar  to  that  which  is  required  in 
cases  of  gangrene  attacking  a  part. 


ANTHROPE 


r.i 


ANT1FEBRILIS 


Anthrax  Pulmonum.  Necropneumonia. 

ANTHRIS'CTJS  CERtiFO'LIUM,  Scardise 
cerefolium. 

ANTHROPE,  Cutis. 

ANTHROPOCHYMY,  Chymistry  (human.) 

ANTHROPOGENTA,  Anthropog"eny,  from 
av9gu)n<>$,  'man,'  and  ytvtatg,  'generation.' 
The  knowledge  or  study,  or  phenomena  of 
human  generation. 

ANTHROPOL'OGY,  Anthropohg"ia,  from 
avSQumog,  'man,'  and  Xoyog,  '  a  discourse.'  A 
treatise  on  man.  By  some,  this  word  is  used 
for  the  science  of  the  structure  and  functions 
of  the  human  body.  Frequently,  it  is  employed 
synonymously  with  Statural  History  and  Phy- 
siology of  man. 

A N TH ROPOMANCY,  Anthropomanti'a, 
from  av&Qomo?,  'a  man,'  and  /x^vrtut, '  divina- 
tion.' Divination  by  inspecting  the  entrails  of 
a  dead  man. 

ANTHROPOM'ETRY,  from  bi^wto?,  'a 
man,'  and  utxqov, '  measure.'  An  acquaintance 
with  the  dimensions  of  the  different  parts  of 
the  human  body. 

ANTHROPOPH'AGUS,  (F.)  Anthropophage, 
from  avSownog,  'a  man,'  and  <payw, '  I  eat.'  A 
name  given  to  one  who  eats  his  own  species. 

ANTHROPOPH'AGY,  Anthropopha' gia, 
same  etymon.  The  custom  of  eating  human  flesh. 
A  disease  in  which  there  is  a  desire  to  eat  it. 

ANTHROPOSCOPIA,  Physiognomy. 

ANTHROPOTOMY,  Andranatomia. 

ANTHYPNOT'IU,^n%preot'i'cMS,froma»Ti, 
'  against,'  and  'vjivanxog,  'stupefying.'  A  re- 
medy for  stupor. 

ANTHYPOCHON'DRIAC,  Anthypochon- 
dri'acus,  from  avri,  '  against,'  and  vTro^ovSqia- 
y.og,  '  hypochondriac'  A  remedy  for  hypo- 
chondriasis. 

ANTHYSTER'IC,  Antihyster'ic,  Antihyster'- 
icus,  from  am,  '  against,'  and  'vort^st,  'the  ute- 
rus.'    A  remedy  for  hysteria. 

ANTL,  xvti,  as  a  prefcx,  in  composition,  gene- 
rally means  '  opposition.' 

ANTIADES,  Tonsils. 

ANTIADITIS,  Cynanche  tonsillaris. 

ANTIADON'CUS,from*,r.*<?sc,  'the  tonsils,' 
and  oyxog,  '  tumour.'  A  swelling  of  the  tonsils, 
— Swediaur.     Anti'age.r  has  a  similar  meaning. 

Antiadokcus  Inflammatorius.  Cynanche 
tonsillaris. 

AWY\AYO?LF.C"TlC,Antiapoplec'ticus,ftom 
etvri,  '  against,'  and  a.noTi.rfeix,  '  apoplexy.'  A 
remedy  for  apoplexy. 

ANTIARIS  TOXICAR1A,    See  Upas. 

ANTIARTHRIT'iC,  Antartkrit'ic,  Antiar- 
thrit'icus,  Antipodagric,  from  am,  'against,' 
and  oloSqitis,  '  the  gout,'  (F.)  Antigoutteuz.  A 
remedy  for  gout. 

ANTIASTHMATIC,  Antiasthmat'icus,  from 
etvri,  '  against,'  and  ctad^ia., '  asthma.'  A  reme- 
dy for  asthma. 

ANTIATROPHICUS,  Antatrophic. 

ANTIBRA'CHIAL,  Antibradua'lis.  That 
which  concerns  the  fore  arm.  Bichat.  J.  Clo- 
quet  suggests  that  the  word  should  be  written 
antebrachial,  from  ante,  'before,'  and  brochium, 
'the  arm:' — as  antebrachial  region,  antebrachial 
aponeurosis,  &c. 

Antebrachial  Aponeurosis,  (F.)  Aponi- 
vrose  antebrachiale,  is  a  portion  of  the  aponeu- 
rotic sheath  which  envelops  the  whole  of  the 
upper  limb.  It  arises  from  the  brachial  aponeu- 
rosis, from  a  fibrous  expansion  of  the  tendon  of 


the  biceps  muscle,  from  the  epicondyle,  em- 
trochlea,  and,  behind,  fiom  the  tendon  of  the 
triceps  brachialis.  Within,  it  is  inserted  into 
the  cubitus,  &c;  and,  below,  is  confounded 
with  the  two  annular  ligaments  of  the  carpus. 
It  is  covered  by  the  skin,  by  veins,  lymphatics, 
and  by  filaments  of  superficial  nerves;  it  covers 
the  muscles  of  the  fore-arm,  adheres  to  them, 
and  sends  between  them  several  fibrous  septa, 
which  serve  them  for  points  of  insertion. 

ANTICACHEC'TIC,  Anticachec'licus,  Anti- 
cacochym'ic,  from  avri,  '  against,'  and  y.ax^ia, 
'cachexy.'     A  remedy  against  cachexy. 

ANTICACOCHYMIC,  Anticachectic 

ANTICAN'CEROUS,  Anticancero'sus,  An- 
ticancro'sus,  Anticarcinom'atous,  from  avrt, 
'against,'  and  xaoxtvwpa,  'cancer,'  carcinoma. 
Opposed  to  cancer. 

ANT1CANCROSUS,  Anticancerous. 

ANTICARCINOMATOUS,  Anticancerous. 

ANTICARDIUM,  Fossette  du  cceur,  Scrobi- 
cuius  cordis. 

ANTICATAR'RHAL,  AnticatarrhaUis,  from 
stvri,  'against,'  and  xaxaqoog,  'catarrh.'  A  re- 
medy for  catarrh. 

ANTIC  AUSOD'IC, Anticausot'ic,Anticausod'- 
icus,  from  avri, '  against,'  and  x.av<rog,  'a  burning 
fever.'  A  remedy  for  causus,  or  inflammatory 
fever. 

ANTICAUSOTIC,  Anticausodic 

ANTICHE1R,  Pollex.     See  Digitus. 

ANTICHOLERICA,  Sophora  heptaphylla. 

ANTICIPATING,  Antid'ipans,  Prolcpt'icus. 
A  periodical  phenomenon  recurring  at  pro- 
gressively shorter  intervals.  An  anticipating 
intermittent  is  one  in  which  the  intervals  be- 
tween the  paroxysms  become  progressively  less. 

ANTICNEMION,  Shin. 

AJVTICCEUR,  Scrobiculus  cordis. 

ANTICOL'IC,  Anticol'icus,  from  ovti, 
'  against,'  and  xwlixog, '  the  colic'  That  which 
is  opposed  to  colic 

ANTICUS,  Anterior. 

ANTWARTREUX,  Antiherpetic. 

ANTIDIARRHCE'IO,  Antidiarrhm'icus.  A 
remedy  for  diarrhoea.     Opposed  to  diarrhoea. 

ANTWINIC,  Antidin'icus,  from  avrt, 'against,' 
and  Snog,  'vertigo.'     Opposed  to  vertigo. 

ANTIDOTA'RIUM,  from  avT«JoTov,'an  anti- 
dote.' A  dispensatory  (q.  v.)  A  pharmacopoeia 
or  formulary. 

AN'TlDQTE,Antid'otum,  from  avrt,  'against,' 
and  StSuipt,  'I  give.'  Originally  this  word  sig- 
nified an  internal  remedy.  It  is  now  used  sy- 
nonymously with  counter-poison,  and  signifies 
any  remedy  capable  of  combating  the  effect  of 
poisons,  by  decomposing  them. 

ANT1DOTUM  HERACL1DIS,  Enneaphar- 
macos. 

Antidotcm  Mithridaticum,  Mithridate, 

ANTIDYNOUS,  Anodyne. 

ANTIDYSENTER'IC,  Antidysenter'icus, 
from  arm,  'against,'  dug,  'with  difficulty,'  and 
tvrte,ov,  'intestine.'     Opposed  to  dysentery. 

ANTIEMETIC  or  ANTEMET'IC,  Anti- 
emet'icus,  from  avrt,  'against,'  and  tjuirtxog, 
'emetic'     A  remedy  for  vomiting. 

ANTIEPHIAL'TIC  or  ANTEPHIAL'TIC, 
Anti'phial'ticus,  from  a>n,  'against,'  and  tipi- 
aftrijs,  'nightmare.'     A  remedy  for  nightmare. 

ANTIEP1LEPTIC  or  ANTEPILEP'TIC, 
Antiepilep'dcus,  from  am,  'against,'  and  nft- 
^«'™£llepsy-'     A  rpmedy  for  epilepsy. 

ANTIFEBRILIS,  Febrifuge. 


ANTIGALACTIC 


ANTIMONII  BUTYRUM 


ANTIGALACTIC,  Antigalac'tkus,  Anlilac'- 
teus,  from  coti,  'against,'  and  yala,  'milk.* 
(F.)  Antilaiteux.  Opposed  to  the  secretion  of 
milk,  or  to  diseases  caused  by  the  milk. 

ANTIG'ONl    COLLYR'IUM    NIGRUM, 
Black  collyrium  of  Antig'onus.     It  was  com- 
posed of  cadmia,  antimony,  pepper,  verdigris, 
gum  Arabic,  and  water. 
ANTIGUA.     See  West  Indies. 

ANTIHEC'TIC,  Anlithec'ticus,  from  avri, 
'against,'  and  'e|is,  'habit  of  body.'  The  Anti- 
hec'ticum  F or e' mi  is  the  white  oxyd  of  antimo- 
ny; also  called  Dlaphoret'icum  Jovia'lS. 

ANTIHELMINTICUS,  Anthelmintic. 

ANTIHEMORRHOIDS,  Antihsemorrhdi- 
da'lis,  from  avri,  'against,'  and  'at/uoQQoidtc, 
'hemorrhoids.'     A  remedy  for  hemorrhoids. 

ANTIHERPET'IC,  Antiherpet'icus,  from 
avri,  'against,'  and  'tones,  'herpes.'  (F.)  Anti- 
darlreux.    A  remedy  for  herpes. 

ANTIHYDROPHOB'IC,  Antihydrophol/icus, 
Antilys'sus,  from  avri,  'against,' '  vdu>%,  '  water,' 
and  <popos,  'dread.'    A  remedy  for  hydrophobia. 

ANTIHYDROP'IC,  Antihydrop'icus,  from 
am,  'against,'  and  'vdoaup,  'dropsy.'  A  reme- 
dy for  dropsy. 

ANTIHYSTERIC,  Antihysteric. 

ANTI-ICTERIC,  from  avrt,  'against,'  and 
ttcrteoc,  'jaundice.'     A  remedy  for  jaundice. 

ANT1-IMPETIGENES,  SOLOMON'S.  See 
Liquor  hydrargyri  oxymuriatis. 

ANTILACTEUS,  Antigalactic. 

ANTILAITEUX,  Antigalactic. 

ANTILEP'SIS,  Apprehen'sio,  from  «mAa/c- 
(ixvoi,  'I  take  hold  of.'  The  mode  of  attaching 
a  bandage  over  a  diseased  part,  by  fixing  it 
upon  the  sound  parts. — Hippocrates.  The  mode 
of  securing  bandages,  &c.  from  slipping. 

ANTILITH'ICS,  Antililh'ica,  from  *vrt, 
'against,'  and  Aido?,  'a  stone.'  A  substance 
that  prevents  the  formation  of  calculi  in  the 
urinary  organs. 

The  chief  antilithics — according  as  the  calculi 
are  lilhic  acid  or  phosphatic — are  alkalies  or 
acids;  with  revellents,  especially  change  of 
air;  tonics,  as  the  diosma  crenata,  (?)  and  uva 
ursi.  (?) 

ANTILLY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  A 
celebrated  French  medicinal  spring,  near 
Meaux,  in  France.  The  waters  have  not  been 
analyzed;  but  astonishing  and  chimerical  ef- 
fects have  been  ascribed  to  them. 

ANTILOBIUM,  Tragus. 

ANTILOI'MIC,  Anti/oi'micus,  Antipeslilen- 
tiaflis,  from  a.m,  'against,'  and  xctiio?,  'the 
plague.'     A  remedy  for  the  plague. 

ANTIL'OPUS.  The  An'telopc.  (F.)  Gazelle. 
An  African  animal,  whose  hoofs  and  horns 
were  formerly  given  in  hysteric  and  epileptic 
cases 

ANTILYSSUS,  Antihydrophobic. 

ANTIMELANCHOL'IC,  Antimelanchol'icus, 
from  curt,  'against,'  and  fieA*y%oAi!x.,  'melan- 
choly.'    A  remedy  for  melancholy. 

AJYTIM01ME,  Antimonium — a.  Beurre  d\ 
Antimonium  muriatum — a.  Chlorvre  d',  Anti- 
monium muriatum — a.  Oxide  blanc  d',  Antimo- 
nium diaphoreticum — a.  Sovfrc  dori  d',  Anti- 
monii  sulphuretum  prajcipitatum — a.  Sulfure 
hydrosulphure  rouge  d\  Antimonii  sulphuretum 
rubrum — a.   Verre  d\  Antimonii  vitrum. 

ANTIMO'NIAL,  Antimonia'lis,  Stibia'lis, 
from  antimo'nium,  'antimony.'    A  composition 


into  which  antimony  enters.    A  preparation  of 
antimony. 

Antimo'nial  Powder,  Pulvis  untimonia'lis, 
Ox'idum  antimo'nii  cum  phos'phulS  calcis,  Phos- 
phus  calcis  stibia'tus,  P.  Cal'cicum  stibia'tum, 
Pulvis  Jame'sii,  Pulvis  stibia'tus,  Pulvis  de 
phos'phatS  calcis  et  stib'ii  compos' itus,  Factitious 
James's  Powder,  Schwanberg's  Fever  Poicder, 
Chenevix's  Antimonial  Powder.  (F.)  Pnudre 
antimoniale  composie  ou  de  James.  A  peroxide 
of  antimony  combined  with  phosphate  of  lime. 
(Take  of  common  sulphur  et  of  antimony,  lb j ; 
hartshorn  shavings,  Rsij.  Roast  in  an  iron  pot, 
until  they  form  a  gray  powder.  Put  this  into 
a  long  pot,  with  a  small  hole  in  the  cover. 
Keep  it  in  a  red  heat  for  two  hours,  and  grind 
to  a  fine  powder.)  This  preparation  has  long 
been  esteemed  as  a  febrifuge  :  but  it  is  extremely 
uncertain  in  its  action.  The  ordinary  dose  is 
6  or  8  grains. 

ANTIMONIALE  CAUSTICUM,  Antimo- 
nium muriatum. 

ANT1MONIATUM  SULPHUR,  Antimonii 
sulphuretum  prsecipitatum — a.  Tartar,  Antimo- 
nium tartarizatum. 

ANTIMONII  (BUTYRUM,)  Antimonium  mu- 
riatum— a.  Calx,  Antimonium  diaphoreticum — 
a.  Cerussa,  Antimonium  diaphoreticum— a.  Mu- 
rias,  Antimonium  muriatum — a.  Oleum,  Anti- 
monium muriatum — a.Oxydulum  hydrosulphu- 
ratum  aurantiacum,  Antimonii  sulphuretum 
prrecipitatum — a.  Oxydum,  Algaroth — a.  Oxy- 
dumauratum,  Antimonii  sulphurutum  praecipita- 
tum — a.  Oxidum  nitro-muriaticum,  Algaroth — 
a.Oxydumcumsulphure  vitrif'actum,  Antimonii 
vitrum — a.  Oxydum  sulphuretum  vitrifactum, 
Antimonii  vitrum — a.  Rpgulus  medicinalis,  An- 
timonium medicinale — a.  Sal,  Antimonium  tar- 
tarizatum— a.  Sulphur  auratum,  Antimonii  sul- 
phuretum praecipitaturn — a.  Sulphur  pracipita- 
tum,  Antimonii  sulphuretum  praecipitaturn — a. 
Sulphuretum,  Antimonium— a.  Tartras,  Anti- 
monium tartarizatum — aif  Tartras  et  Potassaa, 
Antimonium  tartarizatum — a.  Vitrum  hyacinth- 
inum,  Antimonii  vitrum. 

Antimonii  et  Potassje  Tartras, (Ph. U.S.) 
Antimonium  tartarizatum. 

Antimo'nii  Sulphure'tcm  Precipita'tum, 
Sulphur  anlimonia' turn,  Hydrosulphure' turn  sti- 
bio'sum  cum  sul'phure,  Oxo'des  stib'ii  sulphur  a' - 
turn,  Oxyd'ulum  antimo'nii  hydrosu/phura' 'turn 
aurantiacum,  Ox'ydum  aura' turn  antimo'nii,  Sul- 
phur c' turn  stib'ii  oxydula'ti,  Hydro-sulfur e' turn 
lu'teum  ox'ydi  stib'ii  sulfura'ti,  Sulphur  antimo'- 
nii prsecipita'tum,  Sulphur  aura'tum  antimo'nii, 
Golden  Sulphur  of  Antimony. 

Antimo'nii  Sulphur e' turn  Praecipitaturn,  (F.) 
Soufre  dore  d'Antimoine,  of  the  London  Phar- 
macopoeia, is  nearly  the  same  as  the  old 
Kermcs  Mineral.  It  is  a  powder  of  an  orange 
colour,  and  of  a  metallic,  styptic  taste.  It  is 
emetic,  diaphoretic,  and  cathartic,  according  to 
the  dose;  and  has  been  chiefly  used  in  chronic 
rheumatism, and  in  cutaneous  affections.  Dose, 
gr.  j.  to  gr.  iv. 

Antimonii  Sulphuretum  Prsecipitatum  of  the 
United  States  Pharmacopoeia.  (1842,)  is  made 
by  boiling  together  Sulphuret  of  Antimony,  in 
fine  powder,  Solution  of  Potassa,  and  distilled 
water;  straining  the  liquor  while  hot,  and 
dropping  into  it  Diluted  Sulphuric  Acid  so  long 
as  it  produces  a  precipitate. 

Antjmo'mi   Sulphure'tum     Rubrusi,    Red 


ANTIMONII  V1TRUM 


56 


ANTIODONTALG1C 


Svtphurct  ofAn'timony,  Hydrosulfurc'tum  stib'ii 
rubrum,  Sub-hydrosut'f as  stib'ii,  Hydrosulphure'- 
tum  rubrum  stib'ii  sulphura'ti,  Pulvis  Carthu- 
siano'rum,  Kermes  mineral.  (F.)  Hydrosulfure 
rouge  a"  Antimoine  sulfuri,  Vermilion  de  Pro- 
vence. Properties  the  same  as  the  last.  Dose, 
gr.  j.  to  gr.  iv. 

Antimo'nii  Vitrum,  Glass  of  Antimony,  An- 
timo'nii  ox'ydum  su/pkure'lum  vitrifac'tum,  Oxf- 
ydum  stib'ii  scmivit'reum,  Antimo'nium  vitri- 
fac'tum, Ox'idum  antimonii  cum  sul'phure  vitri- 
fac'tum, Vitrum  stib'ii,  Antimo'nii  vitrum  hyacin'- 
thinum,  Oxyd'uhim  stib'ii  vitreaftum.  (F.)  Verre 
d' Antimoine.  (Formed  by  roasting  powdered 
common  antimony  in  a  shallow  vessel,  over  a 
gentle  fire,  till  it  is  of  a  whitish  gray  colour,  and 
emits  no  fumes  in  a  red  heat;  then  melting  it, 
in  a  quick  fire,  into  a  clean,  brownish-red  glass.) 
It  has  been  used  for  preparing  the  tartarized 
antimony  and  antimonial  wine. 

ANTIMONIOUS  ACID,  Antimonium  dia- 
phoreticum. 

ANTIMO'NIUM,  from  am,  <  against,'  and 
ftoi'Of,  '  alone:'  ?'.  e.  not  found  alone:  or  accord- 
ing to  others,  from  a.m,  'against,'  and  moine. 
'a  monk;'  because,  it  is  asserted,  certain  monks 
suffered  much  from  it.  Stibi,  Slib'ium,  Reg'u- 
lus  Antimo'nii,  Miner  a' Hum,  Gynxeelum,  Mag- 
ne'sia  Satur'ni,  Marcasi'ta  pJum'bea,  Platyoph- 
lhal'mon,Slim! '  mi,Aurvmlepro' 'sum,  Antimo'nium 
crudum,  Antimo'nii  sulphur e! turn,  Sulpkure'tum 
stib'ii  nigrum,  Common  Antimony,  Sulphuret 
of  Antimony,  (F.)  Antimoine.  Sulphuret  of 
antimony  is  the  ore  from  which  all  the  pre- 
parations of  antimony  are  formed.  In  Pharmacy 
it  is  the  native  sesquisulphuret  of  antimony, 
purified  by  fusion.  When  prepared  for  medi- 
cal use,  by  trituration  arid  levigation,  it  forms 
a  powder  of  a  black,  or  bluish  gray  colour, 
which  is  insoluble.  It  is  slightly  diaphoretic 
and  alterative,  and  has  been  used  in  chronic 
rheumatism,  cutaneous  diseases,  &c. 

Antimonium  Cal«natum,  Antimonium  dia- 
phoreticum. 

Antimo'nium  Diaphoret'icum,  Diaphoret'ic 
Antimony,  Antimo'nious  Acid,  Min'eral  Bcz'oard, 
Antimo'nium  Calcinaftum,  Mineral  Diaphoret'ic, 
Mutiere  per  lie  de  kekkring.  Peroxide  of  Anti- 
mony. Calx  Antimo'nii,  Antimo'nium  diaphoret'- 
icum lolum,  Ccrus'sa  Antimo'nii,  Calx  Antimo'nii 
elo'ta,  Oxo'des  slibii  album,  Ox'idum  stibio'sum, 
Deutoxide  of  Anftimony,  Ox'idum  stih'ii  album 
median' tl  nitro  con  fee  turn.  (F.)  Oxide  blanc  d' An- 
timoine pripari  pur  lemoyendu  nitre.  {Common 
antimony,  lbj;  purified  nitre,  Biij. — Throw  it  by 
spoonfuls  into  a  red  hot  crucible;  powder  and 
wash.  The  flowers  that  stick  to  the  side  of  the 
crucible  must  be  carefully  separated,  otherwise 
they  render  it  emetic.)     Dose,  gr.  x  to  xxx 

Antimo'nium  Mkdicina'le,  Iteg'vlus  Anti- 
mo'nii Medicina'Lis,  Medicinal  Reg'ulus  of  Anti- 
mony. (Antimon.  sulphur. 5 v, Potass. subcurb.  z i. 
Sodii  chlorid.  ^iv.  Powder,  mix,  and  melt. 
When  cold,  separate  the  scorice  at  top,  powder 
the  mass,  and  wash  it  well.)  It  is  conceived  to 
be  more  active  than  common  antimony. 

Antimo'nium  Muria'tum,  Antimo'nii  Mu'- 
rins,  Chlor'vrct  of  An'timony,  Chkrure'tum 
stib'ii,  Spuma  trium  draco'nvm,  Dcuto-mn'rias 
stib'ii  sublimu'tiis,  Butter  of  Antimony,  Muriate 
of  Antimony,  Chloride  of  Antimony.  Butifntm 
Antimo'nii.  O'lcum  Antimo'nii.  Buty'rum  stib'ii, 
Cuus'Lcum  untimoni V ' tl;  Antiiuontum  suli'lum. 


(F.)  Cldorure  d' Antimoine,  Bcurre  d' Antimoine. 
(Common  antimony  and  corrosive  sublimate, 
of  each  equal  parts:  grind  together,  and  distil 
in  a  wide-necked  retort,  and  let  the  butyraceoua 
matter  that  comes  over,  run,  in  a  moist  place, 
to  a  liquid  oil.)  A  caustic,  but  not  much  used 
as  such.     Sometimes  taken  as  poison. 

Antimonium  Salitum,  Antimonium  muria- 
tum. 

Antimo'nium  Tartariza'tum,  Tarlris  Anti- 
mo'nii, Tartar  Antimonia'tum,  Sal  Antimo'nii, 
Tartras  Potas'sx  stibio'sus  seu  stibia'lis,  Tarlris 
lixiv'ise  stibia'tus,  Deuto-tartras  potas'sx  et  stib'ii, 
Tar'tai'us  emet'icus,  Tur'tarum  emet'icum,  Tar- 
tras antimo'nii,  Tartras  Antimo'nii  et  Potassse, 
Antimo'nii  et  Potassx  Tartras.  (Ph.  U.  S.)  Tar- 
tarized Antimony,  Emetic  Tartar,  Tartar  Emetic. 
(F.)  Tartrestibii,  Tartre £mitique, itmetique.  In 
some  parts  of  the  United  States,  vulgarly  and 
improperly  called  Tartar:  (Made  by  digest- 
ing sulphuret  of  antimony  in  a  mixture  of  nitric 
and  muriatic  acids  with  the  aid  of  heat;  filtering 
the  liquor,  and  pouring  it  into  water:  freeing 
the  precipitate  from  acid,  by  washing  and  dry- 
ing it;  adding  this  powder  to  bitartrate  of  po- 
tassa  in  boiling  distilled  water;  boiling  for  an 
hour,  and  after  filtering  the  liquor  while  hot, 
setting  it  aside  to  crystallize. — Ph.  U.  S.)  Tar- 
tarized antimony  is  emetic,  sometimes  cathartic 
and  diaphoretic.  Externally,  it  is  rubefacient. 
Dose,  as  an  emetic,  gr.  j.  to  gr.  iv.  in  solution ; 
as  a  diaphoretic,  gr.  one-sixteenth  to  gr.  one- 
quarter. 

The  empirical  preparation,  called  Norris's 
Drops,  consists  of  a  solution  of  tartarized  anti- 
mony in  rectified  spirits,  disguised  by  the  addi- 
tion of  some  vegetable  colouring  matter. 

Antimonium  Vitrifactum,  Antimonii  y[- 
trum. 

ANTIMONY,  BUTTER  OF,  Antimonium 
muriatum — a.  Chloride  of,  Antimonium  muria- 
turn — a.  Chloruret  of,  Antimonium  muriatum— 
a.  Deutoxide  of,  Antimonium  diaphoreticum— 
a.  Glass  of,  Antimonii  vitrum — a.  Golden  sul- 
phur of,  Antimonii  sulphuretum  praecipitatum— 
a.  Medicinal,  regulus  of,  Antimonium  medici- 
nale — a.  Muriate  of,  Antimonium  muriatum— 
a.  Peroxide  of,  Antimonium  diaphoreticum— a. 
Submuriate  of,  Protoxide  of,  Algaroth — a.  Sul- 
phuret of,  red,  Antimonii  sulphuretum  rubrum 
—  a.  Tartarized,  Antimonium  lartarizatum-a. 
Vegetable,  Eupatorium  perfoliatum. 

ANTINEPHRITTC,  Antinephret'ic,  Amine- 
phret'icus,  from  am,  'against,'  and  vstpQins, 
'nephritis.'  A  remedy  for  inflammation  of  the 
kidney. 

ANTINEUROPATHIC,  Nervine. 

ANTINEUROTIC,  Nervine. 

ANTI'OCHI  HI'ERA.  A  preparation  ex- 
tolled by  the  ancients,  in  melancholy,  hydro- 
phobia, epilepsy,  &c.  It  was  formed  of  ger- 
mander, agaric,  pulp  of  colocynth,  Arabian 
stcechas,  opoponax,  sagapenum,  parsley,  aristo- 
lochia,  white  pepper,  cinnamon,  lavender, 
myrrh,  honey,  &c. 

Anti'ochiTheriaca.  A  theriac  emplovedby 
Anliochus  against  every  kind  of  poison,  "it  was 
composed  of  thyme,  opoponax,  millet,  trefoil, 
fennel,  aniseed,  nin-ella  saliva   &c 

AN'TIODONTAL'GIO,   Antodontafmc,  An- 
itodontal  gims,  Odontalgic,  Odonl'ic,  Antiodotk 
l7^"Vr!;m/,T'-  'against,'  and  oSovT^yta, 
toothache.      A  remedy  for  toothache 


ANTI0RGAST1C 


ANTITRAGICUS 


ANTIORGASTIC,  Antiorgas'ticus,  from 
inn,  'against,'  and  ooyuw,  'I  desire  vehement- 
ly.' A  remedy  for  orgasm  or  erethism,  and  for 
irritation  in  general. 

ANT1PARALYTIC,  Antiparalyt'icus,  from 
avxi,  'against,'  and  naquluoig,  'palsy.'  Op- 
posed to  palsy. 

ANTIPARASITIC,  Jlntiparasit'icus,  An- 
iipfuiteiriracus,rarasit'icide;  from  am,  'against,' 
7i apanrog,  'a  parasite,'  (q.  v.)  An  agent  that 
destroys  parasites,  as  the  different  vermin  that 
infest  the  body.  The  chief  antiparasitics  are 
Coccvlus,  Staphisagria,  Veratrum  album,  and 
certain  of  the  mercurial  preparations. 

ANTIPATHl'A,  from  am,  'against,'  and 
iraQog,  'passion,  affection.'  Aversion.  A  na- 
tural repugnance  to  any  person  or  thing. 

ANTIPATH'IC,  Antipath'icus  (F.)  Antipa- 
thique.  Belonging  to  antipathy.  Opposite, 
contrary;  as  humeurs  antipatlvques  ;  humours 
opposed  toeach  other.     Also,  palliative,  (q.  v.) 

ANTIFATRI  THER1ACA,  Theriac  of  An- 
tip'ater.  A  farrago  of  more  than  40  articles: 
used  as  an  antidote  against  the  bites  of  serpents. 

ANTIPERIOD'IC,  Jlntiperiod'icus,  from  avn, 
'against,'  and  -niqioSog,  'period.'  A  remedy 
which  possesses  the  power  of  arresting  morbid 
periodical  movements; — e.  g.  the  sulphate  of 
quinia  in  intermittents. 

ANTIPERISTAL'TIC,  Antiperistal'ticus, 
Antivcrmidular,  from  avxi,  '  against,'  and  TreQir- 
xO.Xw,  'I  contract.'  An  inverted  action  of  the 
intestinal  tube. 

ANTIPERIS'TASIS,  from  avn,  'against,' 
and  ntQioraoig,  'reunion,  aggregation.'  A 
union  of  opposite  circumstances  :  the  action  of 
two  contrary  qualities,  one  of  which  augments 
the  force  of  the  other.  The  peripateticians  as- 
serted, that  it  is  by  Antiperistasis,  that  fire  is 
hotter  in  winter  than  in  summer.  Theophras- 
tus  attributes  the  cause,  which  renders  man 
more  vigorous,  and  makes  him  digest  more 
readily  in  winter,  to  the  augmentation  of  heat 
caused  by  Antiperistasis. 

ANTIPERTUSSIS,  see  Zinci  sulphas. 

ANTIPESTILENTIALIS,  Antiloimic. 

ANTIPHAR'MACON,  from  am,  'against,' 
and  (pciQftar.ir,  'poison.'  A  counter-poison.  An 
antidote. — Dioscorides. 

ANTIPHARMACUS,  Alexipharmic. 

ANTIPHLOGIS'TIC,  Anliphlogis'ticus, from 
avn,  'against,'  and  (p'/.iyo>,  'I  burn.'  Opposed 
to  inflammation; — as  Antiphlogistic  remedies, 
A.  regimen,  &c. 

ANTIPHTHEIRIACA;  from  am,' against,' 
and  qdeiptuu),  'I  am  lousy.'  A  remedy  which 
is  used  to  destroy  lice. 

ANTIPHTHIS'ICAL,  Antiphthis'icus,  from 
avn,  'against,'  and  q9ioig, 'consumption.'  Op- 
posed to  phthisis. 

ANTIPHYSICA,  Carminatives. 

ANTIPHYS'ICAL,  Antiphys'icus,  from  avxi, 
1  against,'  and  (pvoea),  '  1  blow.'  An  expeller  of 
wind:  a  carminative,  (q. v.) 

It  has  also  been  used  for  any  thing  preter- 
natural; here,  the  derivation  is  from  am, 
'against,'  and  qvoig,  'nature.'  The  French 
sometimes  say,  '  Un  gout  antiphisique.' 

ANTIPLEURITIC,  Antipleu'reticus,  Anti- 
pkurcl'ic,  from  am,  'against,'  and  nXtvpixig, 
'pleurisy.'     Opposed  to  pleurisy. 

ANTIPODAGRIC,  Antiarthritic. 

ANTIPRAX'IS,   from    am,  'against,'   and 


7rua<rno>,  '  I  act.'  A  contrary  slate  of  different 
parts  in  the  same  patient:  e.  g.  an  increase  of 
heat  in  one  organ,  and  diminution  in  another. 

ANTIPSOR'IC,  Antipso'ricus,  from  am, 
'  against,'  and  xpuoa,  'the  itch.'  (F.)  Antiga- 
hux.    Opposed  to  the  itch. 

ANTIPUTRID,  Antiseptic. 

ANTIPY'IC,  Antipificus,  from  am,  'against,' 
and^-vov,  'pus.'     Opposed  to  suppuration. 

ANTIPYRETIC,  Jlntipyret'icus,  from  avn, 
'against,'  and  nvQtxog,  'fever.'  A  febrifuge, 
(q.  V.) 

ANTIPYROTIC,  Antipyrot'icus,  from  avn, 
'against,'  and  ttvq,  'fire.'     Opposed  to  burns. 

ANTIQUARTANA'RIUM,  Antiquar' ticum. 
A  remedy  formerly  used  against  quartan  fever. 

ANTIRHACHITIC,  Antirhacldt'icus,  from 
eLvri,  'against,'  and  rachitis.  Opposed  to  ra- 
chitis, or  rickets. 

ANTIRHl'NUM  LINA'RIA,  Lina'ria,  L. 
vulga'ris,  Osy'ris,  Urina'ria,  Common  Toad  Flax. 
(F.)  Linaire.  The  leaves  have  a  bitterish  taste. 
They  are  reputed  to  be  diuretic  and  cathartic. 
An  ointment  made  from  them  has  been  extolled 
in  hemorrhoids. 

Antirhi'num  Elati'ne,  Elati'nS,  Fluellen 
or  Female  Speedwell,  was  formerly  used  against 
scurvy  and  old  ulcerations. 

AN'TISCOLICUS,  Anthelmintic. 

ANTISCORBU'TIC,  Antiscorbu'ticus,  from 
avxi,  'against,'  and  scorbutus,  'the  scurvy.' 
Opposed  to  scurvy. 

ANTISCROF'ULOUS,  Antistrumo'sus.  Op- 
posed to  scrofula. 

AaiTlSEE'TlC,Antisep'ticus,Antiputrid,fTom 
avxi,  'against,'  and  oij-rxog, '  putrid.'  Antiputre- 
dino'sus.  Opposed  to  putrefaction.  The  chief 
Antiseptics,  internally  or  externally  employed, 
are  Acidum  Muriaticum,  Acidum  JVitricum, 
Acidum  Sulphuricum,  Carbo  Ligni,  Calx  chlori- 
nala,  Chhrinum,  Cinchona  and  its  active  prin- 
ciples, Creosote,  Dauci  Radix,  Fermentum 
Cerevisiee,  and  Soda  Chlorinata. 

ANT1SPASIS,  Revulsion. 

ANTISPASMODIC,  Antispasmodics,  from 
avxi,  'against,'  and  <rnaw,  'I contract.'  Opposed 
to  spasm.  The  whole  operation  of  antispasmo- 
dics is  probably  revulsive.  The  following  are 
the  chief  reputed  antispasmodics.  JEther  Sul- 
phuricus,  Asafoztida,  Castoreum,  Dracontium, 
Moschus,  Oleum  Animate  Dippelii,  and  Valeri- 
ana—  with  the  mental  antispasmodics,  abstrac- 
tion, powerful  emotions,  fear,  &c.  Of  direct 
antispasmodics,  we  have  not  an  example. 

ANTISPASTIC,  Derivative. 

ANTISTERIG'MA,  from  am, '  against,'  and 
a-xrjQVYfitt,  'a  support.'  A  fulcrum,  support, 
crutch. — Hippocrates. 

ANTISTER'NUM,  from  avn,  'against,'  and 
axsgror,  '  the  sternum.'     The  back. — Rufus. 

ANTISTRUMOSUS,  Antiscrofulous. 

ANT1SYPHIL1TIC,  Antisyphilit'icus,  And- 
syphilit'ic,from  avri,  'against,'  and  syphilis, '  the 
venereal  disease.'  Opposed  to  the  venereal  dis- 
ease. 

ANTITASIS,  Counter-extension. 

ANTITHENAR,  Opponens  pollicis,  Ad- 
ductor pollicis  pedis. 

ANT1THORA,  Aconitum  anthora. 

ANTITRAG'ICUS,  or  ANTITRA'GEUS, 
(F.)  Muscle  de  VAntitragus,  M.  antitragien. — 
(Ch.)  Belonging  to  the  Antitragus.  A  small 
muscle  is  so  called,  the  existence  of  which  is 


ANTITRAGIEjY 


63 


APANTHROPIA 


not  constant.    It  occupies  the  space  between 
the  antitragus  and  anthelix. 

AJVT1TRAG/EJV,  Antitragicua. 

ANTJT'KAGUS,  from  avri, '  opposite  to,'  and 
TQttyog,  '  the  tragus.'  A  conical  eminence  on 
the  pavilion  of  the  ear,  opposite  the  tragus. 

ANTITXT'IA,  from  mi,  'against,'  and 
tvtttw,  'I  strike.'     Resistance.     Hardness. 

ANTlVENE'REAL,^ntivenc'reus,fromu.vri, 
'against,'  and  Venus,  'Venus.'  The  same  as 
Antisyphilitic.  Formerly  it  was  used  synony- 
mously with  Antaphrodisiac. 

AN tl VERMICULAR,  Antiperistaltic. 

ANTIVERMINOSTJS,  Anthelmintic. 

ANTODONTALGIC,  Antiodontalgic. 

ANTODYNUS,  Anodyne. 

ANTRAX,  Anthrax. 

ANTRE,  Antrum— a.  d'Hyghmore,  Antrum 
of  Highmore. 

ANTRUM.  '  A  cavern,'  Cavern' a  (q.  v.)  Bar'- 
athrum,  (F.)  Autre.  A  name  given  to  certain 
cavities  in  bones,  the  entrance  to  which  is 
smaller  than  the  bottom. 

Antkum  Auris, Tympanum — a.  Buccinosum, 
Cochlea,  Labyrinth — a.  Dentale,  see  Tooth — a. 
Pylori,  see  Stomach. 

Antrum  of  Highmore,  Antrum  Highmoria'- 
num,  Antrum  Gense,  Antrum  maxilla' rl  vel  max- 
Wise  superio'ris,  Genyan'lrum,  Maxillary  Sinus, 
Sinus  Gense  pituita'rius,  (F.)  Autre  d"1 Hyghmore, 
Sinus  Maxillaire.  A  deep  cavity  in  the  sub- 
stance of  the  superior  maxillary  bone  communi- 
cating with  the  middle  meatus  of  the  nose.  It 
is  lined  by  a  prolongation  of  the  Schneiderian 
membrane. 

ANULUS,  Fossette. 

ANURIA,  Ischuria. 

ANUS,  Podex,Potex,  Mol'ynS,  Cath'edra,  Cyr'- 
ceon,  Cys'saros,  Cysthos,Hedra,  Proctos,  Archos, 
Sedes,  Cuius,  'a  circle.'  The  circular  opening 
situate  at  the  inferior  extremity  of  the  rectum, 
by  which  the  excrement  is  expelled.  The  fun- 
dament. The  seat.  (F.)  Siege.  The  body.  The 
seat. 

Anus  also  signifies  the  anterior  orifice  of  the 
Aqueduct  o/Sylvius.  By  some,  this  Anus,  called 
also  Fora'men  commu'nB  poste'rius,  has  been 
supposed  to  form  a  communication  between  the 
back  part  of  the  third  ventricle  and  the  lateral 
ventricles.  It  is  closed  up,  however,  by  the 
tela  choroidea,  and  also  by  the  fornix,  which 
is  intimately  connected  with  this.  The  foramen 
is  situate  between  the  commissura  mollis  of  the 
optic  thalami  and  the  pineal  gland. 

Anus,  Artificial.  An  opening  made  arti- 
ficially, to  supply  the  natural  anus.  The  term 
is  often  used  to  include  preternatural  anus, 
(q.  v.) 

Anus,  Contracted,  (F.)  Anus  retrod.  A  state 
of  the  anus  when,  from  some  cause,  it  is  con- 
stricted. 

Anus,  Imperforate,  A  malformation  in 
which  there  is  no  natural  anus.  See  Atresia 
ani  adnata. 

Anus,  Preternat/ural,  (F.)  Anuscontrc  na- 
ture or  A.  anormal.  An  accidental  opening 
which  gives  issue  to  the  whole  or  to  a  part  of 
the  faeces.  It  may  be  owing  to  a  wound,  or, 
which  is  most  common,  to  gangrene  attacking 
the  intestine  in  a  hernial  sac. 

This  term  is  also  employed,  as  well  as  Anus 
dcvii,  devious  anus,  to  the  case  where  the  anus, 
instead  of  being  in  its  natural  situation,  is  in 


some  neighbouring  cavity,  as  the  bladder,  va- 
gina, &c.  a .       , 

ANXl'ETY,  Anxi' etas,  Anxi' etude,  Adsemo . 
nia,  Dysphoria  anxi'etas,  Alysmus,  Al'ycl, 
Al'ysis,  Ase,  from  angcre,  Gr.  a.y/tiv,  '  to  stran- 
gle, to  suffocate.'  A  state  of  restlessness  and 
agitation,  with  general  indisposition,  and  a  dis. 
tressing  sense  of  oppression  at  the  epigastrium. 
Inquietude,  anxiety,  and  anguish,  represent  de- 
grees of  the  same  condition. 

AOCHLE'SIA,  from  a.,  priv.  and  oxlo?,  'dis- 
turbance.'    Tranquillity.     Calmness. 

AOR'TA,  Arte'ria  magna,  A.  crassa,  A.  maxi- 
ma. (F.)  Aorte.  This  name  was  given  by 
Aristotle  to  the  chief  artery  of  the  body.  It 
may  have  been  derived  from  ctoQrtofiai,  'I  am 
suspended,'  as  it  seems  to  be  suspended  from 
the  heart ;  or  from  «>;(>,  '  air,'  and  rr^t a>,  '  I 
keep,'  because  it  was  supposed  to  contain  air. 
It  is  probable  that  Hippocrates  meant  by  *got*i, 
the  bronchia  and  their  ramifications.  The 
aorta  is  the  common  trunk  of  the  arteries  of  the 
body.  It  arises  from  the  left  ventricle  of  the 
heart,  about  opposite  to  the  fifth  dorsal  vertebra, 
passes  upwards  (ascending  Aorta,)  forms  then-rent 
arch  of  the  Aorta,  and  descends  along  the  left 
of  the  spine  (descending  Aorta,)  until  it  reaches 
the  middle  of  the  fourth  or  fifth  lumbar  verte- 
bra, where  it  bifurcates,  to  give  origin  to  the 
common  iliacs.  The  aorta  is  sometimes  divided 
into  the  Thoracic  or  pectoral,  and  the  Abdomi- 
nal. For  the  arteries  which  arise  from  it,  &c, 
see  Artery. 

AORTEURYS'MA,  from  aoQtJj,  'the  aorta,' 
and  tvQvg,  '  dilated.'  Aneurism  of  the  Aorta. 
(F.)  Andvrysms  de  V Aorte,  Aortieclasie.  By 
carefully  auscultating  over  the  dorsal  vertebrae, 
a  bellows'  sound,  with  a  deep  and  not  always 
perceptible  impulse,  may  be  detected. 

AOR'TIC,  Aor'ticus.  Relating  to  the  Aorta. 
The  Aortic  ventricle,  (F.)  Ventricle  aortique,  is 
the  left  ventricle.  The  Aortic  valves  are  the 
sigmoid  valves  at  the  origin  of  the  Aorta,  &c. 

AORTIECTASIE,  Aorteurysma. 

AORTITIS,  Injlamma'tio  Aor'tse,  from  Aorta, 
and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation 
of  the  aorta. 

AORTRA,  AORTRON,  aooroa,  aoQTQor.  A 
lobe  of  the  lungs. — Hipp. 

AO'TUS,  from  a,  privative,  and  ov?,  'an  ear.' 
A  monster  devoid  of  ears.     Gurlt. 

APAG'MA,  Apoclas'ma,  Apocecaulis'menon, 
from  una,  'from,'  and  ayta,  'I  remove.'  Separa- 
tion, abduction,  (q.  vS  Separation  of  a  frac- 
tured bone. — Galenus,  Foesius. 

APAGOGE,  Inductio. 

APALACHINE,  Ilex  vomitoria— a, a  feuilles 
de  Prunier,  Prinos — a.  Gallis,  Ilex  vomitoria. 

APAL'LAGE,  from  anaXarTio,  'I  change.' 
Mutation,  change.  It  is  generally  taken  in  a 
good  sense,  and  means  the  change  from  disease 
to  health. — Hippocr. 

APALOT'ICA,  from  atixXot^,  'softness,  ten- 
derness.' Fortuitous  lesions  or  deformities  af- 
fecting the  soft  parts.  The  first  order  in  the 
class  Tychica,  of  Good. 

APANTHIS'MUS,  from  cltzo,  'from,*  and 
ttjflew,  '  I  flower.'  The  obliteration  of  parts 
previously  inservient  to  useful  purposes,  as  of 
the  ductus  venosus  and  ductus  arteriosus,  which 
are  essential  to  foetal  existence,  but  are  subse- 
quently unnecessary.    See,  also,  Stuprum. 

APANTHRO'PIA,  from  xno,  '  from,'   and 


APAPHRISMOS 


59 


APHTHAE 


avSQwrcc;,  'man.'  Detestation  of  man;  desire 
for  solitude. — Hippocrates.  One  of  the  symp- 
toms of  hypochondriasis. 

APAPHRISMOS,  Despumation. 
APARACH'YTUM   VINUM,  from  a,  priv. 
and  naf!tXvm, '  I  pour  over.'     The  purest  wine ; 
that  which  has  not  been  mixed  with  sea-water. 
Galen. 

APARINE,  Galium  aparine. 

APARTHROSIS,  Diarthrosis. 

AP'ATHY,  Apathi'a,  from  a,  privative,  and 
na.&os,  <  affection.'  (F.)  Apathic.  Accidental 
suspension  of  the  moral  feelings.  It  takes  place 
in  very  severe  diseases,  particularly  in  malig- 
nant fevers. 

APECHE'MA,  from  &no,  'from,'  and  77*0?, 
'  sound.'  Properly  the  action  of  reflecting 
sound.  In  medicine,  it  is  synonymous  with 
the  Latin  Contrajissu'ra,  a  counter-fissure,  a 
counter-blow. — Gorrceus,  Celsus. 

APECTOCEPHALUS,  Acephalothorus. 

APEL'LA  or  APPEL'LA,  Leipodermos,  from 
a,  priv.  and  pellis,  'skin.'  One  whose  prepuce 
does  not  cover  the  glans. — Galenus,  Linna?us, 
Vogel.  Retraction  or  smallness  of  any  other 
soft  appendage. — Sagar. 

APEPS1  A,  Dyspepsia. 

APE'RIEiNT,  Ape'riens,  Aperiti'vus,  from 
aperire,  (ad  and  pario,)  'to  open.'  A  laxative, 
(q.  v.)  (F.)  Aptrilif.  A  medicine  which  gently 
opens  the  bowels.  The  term  had,  formerly,  a 
much  more  extensive  signification,  and  was 
given  to  every  substance  supposed  to  have  the 
power  of  opening  any  of  the  pa'ssages,  and  even 
the  blood-vessels. 

APEE1ST ATON,  Aper  is' latum,  from  a,  pri- 
vative, and  TriQiOTija,  'I  surround.'  An  epi- 
thet for  an  ulcer  not  dangerous  nor  considerable, 
nor  surrounded  by  inflammation. 

APERITIF,  Aperient. 

APER1T1VUS.  Aperient. 

APERTOR  OCULI,  Levator  palpebral  supe- 
riors. 

APERTO'RIUM,  from  apcrio,  <  I  open.'  An 
instrument  for  dilating  the  os  uteri  during  la- 
bour. 

APEUTHYSMENOS,  Rectum. 

APEX.  The  point  or  extremity  of  a  part: — 
as  the  apex  of  the  tongue,  nose,  &c. 

APH^ERESIS,  Apheresis,  Extirpation. 

APHASSOM'ENOS,  from  eLcpuacu,,  'I  touch, 
I  feel.'  The  touching  of  the  parts  of  generation 
of  the  female  as  a  means  of  diagnosis. — Hip- 
pocr.     See  Esaphe. 

APHELI'A,  aipeXrjs,  'simple.'  Simplicity. 
The  simple  manners  of  the  sect  of  Methodists 
in  teaching  and  practising  medicine. 

APHELX'IA,  from  utpO.y.w,  <I  abstract.'  Vo- 
luntary inactivity  of  the  whole  or  the  greater 
part  of  the  external  senses  to  the  impressions 
of  surrounding  objects,  during  wakefulness. 
Rcverij  (F.)  Reverie.  Dr.  Good  has  introduced 
this  into  his  Nosology,  as  well  as  Aphelx'ia 
socors  or  absence  of  mind — A.  inten'ta  or  abstrac- 
tion of  mind:  and  A.  otio'sa,  Stu'dium  ina'nB, 
broicn  study  or  listless  musing. 

APHEPSEMA,  Decoction. 

APHEPSIS,  Decoction. 

APHE'RESIS  or  APH^'RESIS,  from  *<j>*i- 
qiw,  '  I  take  away.'  An  operation  by  which  any 
part  of  the  body  is  separated  from  the  other. 
Hippocrates,  according  to  Foesius,  uses  the  ex- 
pression Aplicercsis  Sanguinis  for  excessive  he- 


morrhage; and  Sennertus,  to  express  the  condi- 
tion of  an  animal  deprived  both  of  the  faculties 
of  the  mind  and  of  the  mind  itself. 

APH'ESIS,  from  ttqnrjut, '  I  relax.'  A  remis- 
sion. This  word  expresses  sometimes  the  di- 
minution or  cessation  of  a  disease;  at  others, 
languor  and  debility  of  the  lower  extremities. 
See  Languor  and  Remission. 

APH1LANTHROPY,  Aphilanthrofpia,  from 
tt,  privative,  (piltw,  'I  love,'  and  a.v$oumoq,  'a 
man.'  Dislike  to  man.  Love  of  solitude.  Vogel 
has  given  this  name  to  the  first  degree  of  me- 
lancholy. 

APH1STESIS,  Abscess. 

APHODOS,  Excrement. 

APHO'NIA,  (F.)  Aphonie,  Perte  de  la  Voix, 
from  a,  privative,  and  (/koi-jj,  '  voice.'  Privation 
of  voice,  or  of  the  sounds  that  ought  to  be  pro- 
duced in  the  glottis.  When  aphonia  forms 
part  of  catarrh  or  of  'cold,'  it  is  commonly  of 
but  little  consequence:  but  when  produced  by 
causes  acting  on  the  nervous  system,  as  by 
some  powerful  emotion,  or  without  any  appre. 
ciable  lesion  of  the  vocal  apparatus,  it  frequently 
resists  all  remedies. 

Aphonia,  Catalepsy — a.  Surdorum,  Mutitas 
Surdorum. 

APHORIA,Sterilitas. 

APHOR'ME,  dLifonurj,  'occasion.'  The  ex- 
ternal and  manifest  cause  of  any  thing.  The 
occasional  cause  of  a  disease. — Hippocrates. 

APHRCDES,  'fiothy,'  from  at^oc,  'foam,' 
and  siSug,  'resemblance.'  Applied  to  the  blood 
and  the  excrements. — Hippocrates. 

APHROD1SIA,  Coition,  Puberty. 

APHRODISIAC,  Aphrodisiacus,  from  A^q. 
dirt;,  'Venus.'  (F.)  Aphrodisiaque.  Medicine 
or  food  believed  to  be  capable  of  exciting  to  the 
pleasures  of  love;  as  ginger,  cantharides,  &c. 
They  are  generally  stimulants. 

APHRODISIACUS,  Venereal. 

APHRODIS1ASMUS,  Coition. 

APHRODISIOG'RAPHY,  from  Ayondnn, 
'Venus,'  and  yQxcpw,  'I  describe.'  Etymolo- 
gically,  this  term  means  a  description  of  the 
pleasures  of  love,  but  it  has  been  placed  at  the 
head  of  a  work  describing  the  venereal  disease. 

APHROGALA,  from  *<ppog, '  foam,'  and  yzXx, 
'milk.'  Lac  spumo' sum.  A  name  formerly  given 
to  milk  rendered  frothy  by  agitation. 

APHRONIA,  Apoplexy. 

APHRONITRUM,  Soda. 

APHROSYNE,  Insanity. 

APHTHAE,  Aphtas,  Apthse,  from  cltitw,  '  f 
inflame.'  Osce'du,  Thrush  or  sore  mouth,  Aphtlui 
laclu'cimcn,  A.  lnfant'um,  Lactu'cimen,  Laclu- 
cim'ina,  Lactu'mina,  White  Thrush,  Milk  Thrush, 
Em'phlysis  aphtha,  Ulcera  serpen'tia  Oris,  Pus'- 
tula  oris,  Febris  aphtho'sa,  Angi'na  aphtho'sa, 
Yesic'ulce  gingiva'rum,  Typhus  aphthdideus.  A. 
consist  of  roundish,  pearl-coloured  vesicles, 
confined  to  the  lips,  mouth,  and  intestinal  canal, 
and  generally  terminating  in  curd-like  sloughs. 
In  France,  the  Aphthae  of  children,  Aphthes  des 
enfans,  is  called  Muguct,  Millet,  Blanchet,  Ca- 
tarrhe  buccal  and  Stomatlte  cremeuse  pultac6e, 
Pultaceous  Inflammation  of  the  Mouth;  and  ge- 
nerally receives  two  divisions — the  mild  or  dis- 
creet, (F.)  Muguct  binin  oil  discret,  and  the  ma- 
lignant, (F.)  Muguet  malin  ou  confluent,  the 
Black  Thrush.  Common  Thrush  is  a  disease 
of  no  consequence,  requiring  merely  the  use  of 


APHTHE   GJXGRENEUX 


60 


APOLL1NARIS  ALTERCUM 


absorbent  laxatives.  The  malignant  variety, 
which  is  rare,  is  of  a  more  serious  character. 
and  is  accompanied  with  typhoid  symptoms. 

AfhthjE  Adultorum,  Stomatitis,  aphthous — 
a.  Serpentes,  Cancer  auuaticus. 

APHTHE  G.WGR&NEVX,  Cancer  aquati- 
cus. 

APHTHES  DES  ENFANS,  Aphthae. 

APHTHE UX,  Aphthous. 

APHTHOUS,  Aphtho'sus,  (F.)  Aphtheux. 
Belonging  to  aphthse;  complicated  with  aph- 
thae; as  Aphthous  Fever. 

AP1ASTRUM,  Melissa. 

APICES  CRURUM  MEDULLA  OBLON- 
GATA, Corpora  striata. 

APILEPSIA,  Apoplexy. 

APIOS,  Pyrus  communis. 

APIS,  Bee. 

API'TES,  from  amov,  '  a  pear.'  Perry.— Gor- 
roeus.    i 

A'PIUM  GRAV'EOLONS,  Apium,  Paludd- 
pium,  Beli'num,  Smallage.  (F.)  Ache.  Nat.  Ord. 
Umbellifera?.  Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria  Digynia. 
The  plants,  roots,  and  seeds  are  aperient  and 
carminative.     Selery  is  a  variety  of  this. 

Apium  Petr;eum,  Bubon  Macedonicum. 

Apium  Petrosei.i'num,  A'pium  Hortcn'sS, 
Eleoseli'num  (?),  Grielum,  Petroseli'num  or 
Common  Parsley.  (F.)  Pers'd.  The  root — Pc- 
Lroselinum,  (Ph.  U.  S.) — and  seeds  are  diuretic 
and  aperient. 

APLAS'TIC,  Jlplas'ticus,  from  a,  privative, 
and  7iP.2t(Tou),  'I  form.'  That  which  is  not  capa- 
ble of  forming;  that  which  does  not  serve  to 
form,  or  is  not  organizable. 

Aplastic  Element;  one  which  is  unsuscep- 
tible of  any  farther  amount  of  organization. — 
Gerber. 

APLESTIA,  Ingluvies,  Intemperance. 

APLEU'ROS,  from  a,  privative,  and  nXevQog, 
'a  rib.'  One  without  ribs. — Hippocrates.  Ga- 
len. 

APLOT'OMY,  ApJotom'ia,  from  *n?.oog,  'sim- 
ple,' and  teiuo),  '  1  cut.'     A  simple  incision. 

APNEUSTIA,  Apncea,  Asphyxia. 

APNCE'A,  from  a,  privative,  and  nvtui,  'I  re- 
spire.' Asphydcfia,Apneus'tia.  Absence  of  respi- 
ration, or  insensible  respiration.  Also,  Or- 
thopncea,  (q.  v.) 

Apn(EA  Infantum,  Asthma  Thymicum. 

APNCESPHYXIA,  Asphyxia. 

APJNUS,  oinvooq,  same  etymon.  One  devoid 
of  respiration.  An  epithet  applied  by  authors 
to  cases  in  which  the  respiration  is  so  small  and 
slow,  that  it  seems  suspended. — Castelli.  It  is 
probable,  however,  that  the  word  was  always 
applied  to  the  patient,  not  to  the  disease. 

APO,  (xtzo,  a  prefix,  denoting  '  from,  of,  off, 
out.'     Hence — 

APOBAINON,  Eventus. 

APOBESOMENON,  Eventus. 

APOBIOSIS,  Death. 

APOCAPNISMUS,  Fumigation. 

APOCATASTAS1S,  Considentia,  Restau- 
ratio. 

APOCATHARSIS,  Catharsis. 

APOCATHARTICUS,  Cathartic. 

APOCECAULISMENON,  Apagma. 

APOCENO'SIS,  from  uno,  'out,'  and  xtvtoots, 
'evacuation.'  A  partial  evacuation,  according 
to  some,  in  opposition  to  Cenosis,  which  signi- 
fies a  general  evacuation. — Cullen  and  Swe- 
diaur  apply  it  to  morbid  fluxes. 


Apocenosis,  Abevacuatio— a.  Diabetes  melli- 
tus  see  Salivation— a.  Vomitus  pyrosis,  Pyrosis. 

\POCHOREON,  Excrement. 

APOCHREMPS1S,  Exspuition. 

APOCH'YMA,  from  anoyj^u  'I  pour  out.' 
A  sort  of  tar,  obtained  from  old  ships;  which  is 
impregnated  with  chloride  of  sodium. — Aetius, 
Paulus,  Gorraus. 

APOCIN  GOBE-MOUCHE,  Apocynum  an- 
drossemifolium. 

APOCLASMA,  Abduction,  Apagma. 

APOCOPE,  from  ano,  and  y.onruv,  *  to  cut.' 
Abscission,  (q.  v.)  A  wound  with  loss  of  sub- 
stance. Fracture  with  loss  of  part  of  the  bone. 
Amputation. 

APOCOPUS,  Castratus. 

APOCRISIS,  Contagion,  Excrement,  Secre- 
tion. 

APOCROUS'TIC,  Apocrous'tica  rcmed'ia, 
from  ano,  'out,'  and  xooviu,  'I  push.'  An  as- 
tringent and  repellent. — Galenus. 

ATOCRUSTICA,  Repellents. 

APOCYESIS,  Parturition. 

APOCYNUM  ANDROSAMIFO'LIUM, 
from  ano,  and  xvwv,  'a  dog,'  because  esteemed, 
of  old,  to  be  fatal  to  dogs.  Dog's  Bane,  Bitter 
Dog's  Bane,  Milkweed,  Bitterroot,  Honeybloom, 
Catchfly,  Flytrap,  Ip'ecac.  (F.)  Apocin  gobe- 
mnuche,  A.  amcr.  Nat.  Ord.  Apocynea?.  Sea;. 
Syst.  Pentandria  Digynia.  The  root  of  this 
plant  is  found  from  Canada  to  Carolina.  Thirty 
grains  evacuate  the  stomach  as  effectually  as 
two-thirds  of  the  amount  of  Ipecacuanha,  by 
which  name  it  is  known  in  various  parts  of  the 
eastern  states.  It  is  in  the  secondary  list  of 
the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States. 

Apoc"ynum  Cannab'inum,  Indian  Hemp. 
This  American  plant  possesses  emetic,  cathar- 
tic, diaphoretic  and  diuretic  properties,  and 
has  been  strongly  recommended  in  dropsy. 
It  has  been  given  in  decoction, — £ij  of  the  root 
boiled  in  three  pints  of  water  to  two.  A  wine- 
glassful  for  a  dose. 

Apocynum  Novje  Anglije  Hirsutum,  Ascle- 
pias  tuberosa — a.  Orange,  Asclepias  tuberosa— 
a.  Scandens,  Allamanda. 

APODACRYT'ICUS,  Delachrymati'vus,  from 
ano,  'from,'  and  day.ovto,  'I  weep.'  A  substance, 
supposed  to  occasion  a  flow  of  the  tears,  and 
then  to  arrest  them.— Columella,  Pliny,Galenus. 

APODYTK'RIUM,  Coniste'rium,  Spoliata1- 
rium,  Spolia'rium,  from  anoSvw,  '  I  strip  off.' 
The  ante-room,  where  the  bathers  stripped 
themselves  in  the  ancient  Gymnasia. 

APOGALACTISMUS,  Weaning 

APOGALACTOS,  Exuber. 

APOGEUSIS,  Ageustia. 

APOGEUSTIA,  Ageustia. 

APOGLAUCOS1S,  Glaucosis. 

APOGON,  Imberbis. 

APOG'ONUM,  from  ano,  and  yivouai,  <I 
exist.'     A  living  foetus  in  utero. — Hippocrates. 

APOLEP'SIS,  from  aTroXait ffatoj,  <1  retain.' 
Retention,  suppression.  — Hippocrates.  As- 
phyxia. 

APOLEX'IS,  from  airolrjyw,  'I  cease.'  Old 
age,  decrepitude. 

APOLINO'SIS,  from  avo,  and  ^,w,'a  flaxen 
thread.  The  mode  of  operating  for  fistula  in 
ano,  by  means  of  a  thread  of  Uomolinon  or  Li- 
num.  crudum  —  Hippocrates,  Paulus 

APOLLINARIS   ALTERCUM*,   Hyoscya- 


APOLUTICA 


Ci 


APOPLEXIA  CATALEPSIA 


APOLUTICA,  Cicatrisantia. 

APOLYS'IA  or  APOL'YSIS,  from  amlvco, 
'Iloosen.'  Solution.  Relaxation.  Debility  of  the 
limbs  or  looseness  of  bandages.— Erotian.  Ex- 
pulsion of  the  foetus  and  its  dependencies.  Ter- 
mination of  a  disease. — Hippocrates,  Galen. 

APOMATHE'MA  or  APOMATHE'SIS,  from 
u7io,  and  /uav&mo, 'I  learn.'  Forgetfulness  of 
things  taught.— Hippocr. 

APOM'ELt,  from  ano, '  of,'  and  /uiXt, '  honey.' 
An  oxymel  (q.  v  )  or  decoction  made  of  honey. 
— Galen,  Aetius,  Paulus,  &c. 

APOMEXIS,  Munctio. 

APOMYEE'NAS,from  anofAvVf.<tivw,  'I  make 
a  wry  mouth.'  One  who  pushes  his  lips  for- 
wards, pressing  them  against  each  other.  Oc- 
casionally a  symptom  of  nervous  fever. — Galen, 
Erotian. 

APOMYTHO'SIS,  from  cmo/Avara, <  I  snore.' 
A  disease  in  which  there  is  stertor. — Sauvages, 
Sagar. 

APONEUROG'RAPHY,  Aponeurogra'phia, 
fiom  u7rorivQtx><rig,  an  'aponeurosis,'  and  y^a<f»;, 
'  a  description.'  A  description  of  the  Aponeu- 
roses. 

APONEUROL'OGY,  Aponeurolog"ia,  from 
ccroif  i  (iwoii;,  '  an  aponeurosis,'  and  Aoyog,  '  a  dis- 
course.' Jiponeurosiol'ogy.  The  Anatomy  of 
the  Aponeuroses. 

APONEUROSIOLOGY,  Aponeurology. 

APONEUROSIS  or  APOJNEVRO'SIS,  from 
euro,  'from,'  and  vtvoov,  'a  nerve.'  Pronerva'- 
t'to,  Expau'sio  nervo'sa.  (F.)  Aponeurose,  Apo- 
nivrose.  The  ancients  called  every  white  part 
vsvgov,  and  regarded  the  Aponeurosis  as  a  ner- 
vous expansion.  The  Aponeuroses  are  white, 
shining  membranes,  very  resisting,  and  com- 
posed of  fibres  interlaced.  Some  are  continuous 
with  the  muscular  fibres,  and  differ  only  from 
tendons  by  their  flat  form.  They  are  called 
Aponeuroses  of  insertion,  (F.)  Aponivroses  ^in- 
sertion, when  they  are  at  the  extremities  of 
muscles, and  attach  them  to  the  bone; — Aponeu- 
roses of  intersection,  (F.)  Aponicroses  d'intersec- 
tion,  if  they  interrupt  the  continuity  of  the 
muscle,  and  are  continuous  on  both  sides  with 
muscular  fibres.  Others  surround  the  mus- 
cle, and  prevent  its  displacement:  they  are 
called  enveloping  Aponeuroses,  (F.)  Aponeuroses 
(V  envcloppe. 

Aponeurosis,  Fascia — a.  Crural,  Fascia  lata 
— a.  Femoral,  Fascia  lata — a.  Iliac,  Fascia  iliaca. 

APONEUROTIC,  Aponeurot'icus.  What  re- 
lates to  Aponeuroses: — thus  we  say,  Aponeuro- 
tic expansion,  Aponeurotic  muscle,  &c. 

APONEUROT'OMY.  Aponcurotom'ia,  from 
anon v^wffic, '  aponeurosis,'  and  rt/uro),  '  I  cut.' 
Anatomy  of  aponeuroses. 

A.  has,  also,  been  proposed  for  the  division, 
(debridement)  of  filaments,  &c.  in  aponeurotic 
oponino-s,  and  for  the  section  of  fasciae. 

APOJVEVROSE  SUPERFICIELLE  DE 
L'ABDOMEJV  ET  DE  LA  CUISSE,  Fascia 
6Uperficialis. 

APONEVROS1S,  Aponeurosis 

APON1A,  from  *,  privative,  and  mvog, 
1  pain.'     Freedom  from  pain. 

APON1PS1S,  Ablution. 

APOPALLE'SIS  or  APOPAL'SIS,  from 
a.nc,7i'J.).Xu),  '  I  throw  off.'  Expulsion.  Protru- 
sion.— Hippocr.     Also,  Abortion,  (q.  v.) 

APOPATE'MA  and  APOP'ATHOS.     The 


excrements,  and  the  place  where  they  are  de- 
posited.— Dioscorides,  Erotian. 

APOPEDASIS,  Luxation. 

APOPHLEGMATISANS  PER  NARES, 
Errhine — a.  per  os,  Sialogogue. 

APOPHLEGMATISAJN'TIA,  Apophlcgrr.a- 
lison'ta,  Apopklcgmatis' mi,  from  mo,  '  out,'  and 
<p/.ty //*,  '  phlegm.'  Medicines  which  facilitate 
the  upward  expulsion  of  mucus  from  the  mu- 
cous membrane  of  the  digestive  or  air  passages  ; 
as  gargles,  masticatories,  &c. 

APOPHLEG'MATISM,  Apopklcgmatis 'mus. 
The  action  of  Apophlegmatisantia. —  Galen. 

APOFHLEGMATISMI,  Apophlegmatisantia. 

APOPH'RADES,  from  an^q^q,  <  unlucky.' 
An  epithet  applied  to  unlucky  days,  (dies  ne- 
fandi.)  Days  on  which  a  favourable  change  is 
not  expected  to  occur  in  a  disease. — A.  Lau- 
rentius. 

A  POPH  RAXIS,  Amenorrhoea. 

APOPHTHAR'MA  and  APOPH'THORA, 
from  ana,  and  $3£(§<u, '  I  corrupt.'  Abortion,  as 
well  as  a  medicine  to  procure  abortion. 

APOPHTHORA,  Abortion. 

APOPHTHORIUS,  Abortive. 

APOPHYADES,  from  aT»,  'from,'  and  ifvw, 
'  I  spring.'  The  ramifications  of  veins  and  ar- 
teries.— Hippocr. 

APOPHYSE  BAS1LAIRE,  Basilary  process 
— a.  Engainunte  ou  vaginale,  Vaginal  process — 
a.  Pyramidale,  see  Temporal  Bone — a.  Petree, 
see  Temporal  Bone.    • 

APOPHYSES  EPIJVEUSES,  Spinous  pro- 
cesses of  the  vertebrae. 

APOPH'YSIS,  from  anc,  'from,'  and  (pvu, 
'  I  rise,'  Edphysis,  Proces'sus,  Appendix.  A  pro- 
cess of  a  bone.  When  the  apophysis  is  yet 
separated  from  the  body  of  the  bone  by  inter- 
vening cartilage,  it  is  called  Epiphysis.  The 
apophyses  or  processes  are,  at  times,  distin- 
guished by  epithets,  expressive  of  their  form: 
as  A.  styloid,  A.  coracoid,  &c.  Others  are  not 
preceded  by  the  word  apophysis;  as  Trochanter, 
Tuberosity,  &,c. 

Apoph'vsis  of  Ingras'sias  is  a  term  applied 
to  the  lesser  ala  of  the  sphenoid  bone. 

Apophysis  of  Rau,  Grele  apophysc  du  Mar- 
teau:  see  Malleus. 

APOPIES'MA,  from  enronutw, '  I  compress.' 
Hippocrates  uses  the  term  to  signify  a  fancied 
expression  or  forcing  out  of  humours,  by  the  ap- 
plication of  bandages  in  wounds  and  fractures. 

APOPLANESIS,  Error  loci. 

APOPLECTIC,  Apoplec'ticus.  Referring  to 
Apoplexy.  This  word  has  various  significa- 
tions. It  is  applied,  ].  To  individuals  labour- 
ing under  apoplexy:  2.  To  remedies  proper  for 
combating  apoplexy:  3.  To  the  constitution, 
lcmperament,or  make,  Arcliilectu'ra  apop!ec'tica, 
which  predisposes  to  it:  and,  4.  To  the  symp- 
toms, which  characterize  apoplexy;  as  Apoplec- 
tic sleep,  A.  stroke,  (q.  v.)  A.  stertor,  &c.  The 
jugular  veins  have  also,  by  some,  been  called 
Apoplectic  veins. —  Vena  apoplec' ticcc. 

Apoplectic  Cell.  The  cavity  remaining  in 
the  encephalon,  after  the  effusion  of  a  clot  into  it. 

APOPLEXIA,  Apoplexy— a.  Catalepsia,Cata- 
lepsia — a.  Cordis,  Hcemocardiorrhagia — a.  Hy- 
drocephalica,  Hydrocephalus  intemus  —  a.  He- 
patica,  Hepatorrhagia — a.  Medullaris,Apoplexia 
myelitica — a.  Mpningosa,  Apoplexy,  meningeal 

Apoplexia  Myelitica;  A.  Medvllaris,  A. 
Spina' lis.  A.  Rhachiu'lis,   Hamorrha'chis,  (F.) 


APOPLEXIA  NERVOSA 


62 


APOSTERIGMA 


Apoplexie  de  la  Moelle  ipinihc,  Hemorrhagic  de 
la  Moelle  ipiniere,  He'mato-mydlie,  Htm.o-my'elor- 
rhagie.    Hemorrhage  into  the  spinal  marrow. 

Apoplexia  Nervosa,  Apoplexy,  nervous— a. 
Pulmonalis,  see  Hemoptysis — a.  Pulmonum, 
see  Hemoptysis — a. Renalis,  Apoplexy,  renal — 
a.  Rhachialis,  A.  myelitica — a.  Spasmodica, 
Apoplexy  nervous — a.  Simplex,  Apoplexy,  ner- 
vous— a.  Spinal,  Apoplexia  myelitica — a.  Temu- 
lenta,  see  Temulentia. 

APOPLEXIE  CAPILLAIRE,  Mollifies  ce- 
rebri— a.  Cerebrate,  Apoplexy,  Hemorrhagic  ce- 
rebral c. 

APOPLEXIE  FOUDROYAJVTE,  'Thun- 
dering Apoplexy.'  A  form  of  apoplexy,  which 
is  intense  and  rapidly  fatal. 

APOPLEXIE  MEKWGltE,  Apoplexy,  me- 
ningeal— a.  De  la  Moelle  itpiniere,  Apoplexy, 
spinal. 

AP'OPLEXY,  Apoplexia,  from  aTon?.t;rrttv, 
'  to  strike  with  violence.'  At  the  present  day,  the 
term  apoplexy  is  employed  by  many  writers  to 
signify  interstitial  hemorrhage,  (F.)  Hemor- 
rhagic inter slilielle,  or  every  effusion  of  blood, 
which  occurs  suddenlj'  into  the  substance  of  or- 
gans or  tissues.  Hence,  we  speak  of  cerebral 
apoplexy,  pulmonary  apoplexy,  ike.  &c.  For- 
merly it  was  always — and  still  is  by  many — used 
in  an  entirely  symptomatic  sense, — to  signify, 
in  other  words,  the  train  of  phenomena,  which 
characterize  cerebral  apoplexy  This  disease, 
Hamorrha'gia  Cer'ebri,  Aphro'nia,  Cams  Apo- 
plex'ia,  Coma  Apopkx'ia,  Pulpez'ia,  Sidera'tio, 
Apilepsia,  Morbus  atton'itus,  Gutta,  Theople'gia, 
Theoplex'ia,  (F.)  Apoplexie,  A.  cdrebrak,  He- 
mato-encephalie,  Coup  de  sang,  is  characterized 
by  diminution,  or  loss  of  sensation  and  mental 
manifestation ;  by  the  cessation,  more  or  less 
complete,  of  motion ;  and  by  a  comatose  state, — 
circulation  and  respiration  continuing.  It  ge- 
nerally consists  in  pressure  upon  the  brain; 
either  from  lurgescence  of  vessels,  or  from  ex- 
travasation of  blood;  hence  the  terms  Hwmcn- 
ceph'alus,  Hemorrhagic  cerdbrale,  and  Hemo- 
mcephalorrhagie,  applied  to  it  by  some.  The 
general  prognosis  is  unfavourable ;  especially 
when  it  occurs  after  the  age  of  35.  When  A. 
is  accompanied  with  a  hard,  full  pulse,  and 
flushed  countenance,  it  is  called  Apoplexia  sail- 
guinea,  Cataph'ora  coma;  when  with  a  feeble 
pulse  and  pale  countenance,  and  evidences  of 
serous  effusion,  Apoplexia  serosa,  A.  pituitosa, 
Serous  apoplexy,  Cataphora  hydroccphalica,  Hy- 
dro-encephalorrhee.  (Piorry.)  Hydropisic  cire- 
brale  suraigu'e,  Hydr  or  rhagie1 . 

In  Nervous  Apoplexy,  Apoplexia  nervosa,  seu 
spasmodica,  A.  simplex,  simple  apoplexy,  no  le- 
sion whatever  may  be  perceptible  on  dissection, 
although  the  patient  may  have  died  under  all  the 
phenomena  that  are  characteristic  of  apoplexy. 

Apoplexy  of  the  Heart,  Haemo-cardiorrhao-ia. 

Apoplexy  MEXitiGi.' al,  Apoplex'iavicningse'a, 
(F.)  Apoplexie  miningee,  Hemorrhagic  mtnin- 
gie.  Hemorrhage  from  the  meninges  of  the 
brain  or  spinal  marrow — generally  into  the 
great  cavity  of  the  arachnoid. 

Apoplexy,  Nervous,  see  Apoplexy — a.  Pul- 
monary see  Hemoptysis — a. Simple,  A.  Nervous. 

Apolexy,  Renal,  Apopkx'ia  rena'lis.  A  con- 
dition of  the  kidney,  characterized  by  knotty, 
irregular,  tuberculated  eminences,  some  of  a 
deep  black  colour.  Effusion  of  blood  into  the 
substance  of  the  kidney. 


Apoplexy,  Spinal,  Apoplexia  myelitica. 

APOPNIXIS,  Suffocation. 

APOPSYCHIA,  Syncope. 

APOPTO'SIS,  from  a-roTrtTrrw,'  I  fall  down.' 
A  relaxation  of  bandages. — Erotian. 

APORRHCE'A,  from  aTroootu, '  1  flow  from.' 
An  emanation,  effluvium,  contagion,  (q.  v  )— . 
Moschion.  A  falling  off  of  the  hair,  according 
to  some. 

APOSCEM'MA,  and  APOSCEP'SIS,  from 
ctnoo-xijTw,  'I  lie  down,  1  direct  myself  to- 
wards.' Afflux  of  fluids  towards  a  part.  Me- 
tastasis. The  first  word  has  been  applied  to 
the  excrements. — Hippocr.,  Galen. 

APOSCEPARNIS'MUS,  Deascia'tio,  from 
ano  and  <ry.t7raprov,  '  a  hatchet.'  Wound  of  the 
cranium,  by  a  cutting  instrument,  in  which  a 
piece  of  the  bone  has  been  cut  out,  as  with  a 
hatchet. — Gorrseus. 

APOSCEPSIS,  Aposcemma. 

APOS'CHASIS  or  APOSCHAS'MOS,  from 
aTroa-yaZia,  '  I  scarify.'  Scarification.  A  slight 
superficial  incision  in  the  skin.  Also,  blood- 
letting.— Hippocr. 

APOS'lA,  Sitis  defied tus,  from  «,  privative, 
and  Trooig, '  drink.'  Want  of  thirst,  absence  of 
desire  for  liquids. 

APOSI'TIA,  from  ano,  'from,'  and  o-no;, 
'food.'  Aversion  for  food.— Galen.    See  Disgust. 

APOSIT'IC,  Aposit'icus;  the  same  etymo- 
logy. Any  substance  which  destroys  the  ap- 
petite, or  suspends  hunger. 

APOSPAS'MA,  from  cwrsa-rraw,  '  I  tear  or  la- 
cerate.' Rhegma  ligamenta'rS,  Lacera'tio  liga- 
menta'ria.  (F.J  Arrachement  (q.  v.)  A  solu- 
tion of  continuity,  especially  of  a  ligament. 

APOSPHACELE'SIS,  Aposphacelis'mus, 
from  «?ro,  and  o~<p axtXog, '  mortification.'  Gan- 
grene in  wounds  and  fractures,  owing  to  the 
bandages  being  too  tight — Hippocr. 

APOSPHINXTS,  a7r<,o-<piy--i;;  constriction, 
compression.  The  action  of  a  tight  bandage.— 
Hippocr. 

APOSPONGIS'MUS,  the  act  of  sponging  for 
any  purpose. — Gorroeus. 

APOSTALAG'MA,  and  APOSTAG'MA, 
from  ano,  'from,'  and  orulatw,  'I  flow.'  The 
ancient  name  for  the  saccharine  liquor  which 
flows  from  grapes  when  not  yet  pressed. 

APOS'TASIS,  from  ct;ro,and  io-r»;iii, '  I  stop.' 
The  ancients  had  different  significations  for  this 
word.  It  was  most  commonly  used  for  an  ah- 
scess.  The  separation  of  a  fragment  of  bone 
by  fracture.  Removal  of  disease  by  some  ex- 
cretion, &c. 

APOSTAX'IS,  from  a7raora$o>,  'I  distil 
from.'  The  defluxion  of  any  humour,  as  of 
blood  from  the  nose.— Hippocr.     Staxis  (q.  v.) 

APOSTE'MA,from  ano,1  from,'  and  is-ryu, 
'I  settle,'  or  from  acpio-jr^a,  <I  recede  from.' 
This  word  is  used  by  the  ancients,  somewhat 
vaguely.  It  meant  an  affection  in  which  parts, 
previously  in  contact,  are  separated  from  each 
other  by  a  fluid  collected  between  them.  The 
moderns  regard  it  as  synonymous  with  Abscess. 
(q.  v.)  Some,  even  of  the  moderns,  have  ap- 
plied it  to  any  watery  tumour,  and  even  to 
tumours  in  general. 

Aposte^a  Cerebri,  Encephalopyosis— a. 
Empyema,  Empyema— a.  Parulis,  Parulis— 
a.Phalangum,  Fourche— a.  Psoaticum,  Lumbar 
abscess. 

APOSTERIG'MA,  from  «.^T,,^W,  <  I  sup. 


APOSTOLORUM  UNGUENTUM         63 


APPENDIX 


port.'  Any  thing  that  supports  a  diseased 
part,  as  a  cushion,  a  pillow,  &c. — Galen.  A 
deep-seated  and  inveterate  disease  of  the  intes- 
tines.—  Hippocr. 

APOSTOLO'RUM  UNGUEN'TUM,  Dode- 
caphar1  inacwm ,  Ointment  of  the  Apostles.  So 
called,  because  as  many  solid  ingredients  en- 
tered into  its  composition  as  there  were  Apos- 
tles. It  contained  several  resins  and  gum 
resins,  yellow  wax,  oil,  vinegar,  verdigris,  &c. 
and  was  formerly  employed  as  a  vulnerary. 

APOS'TROPHE,  from  <wro,  and  axqiifm, '  1 
turn.'  An  aversion  or  disgust  for  food. — Pau- 
lus. 

APOSYRMA,  Abrasion,  Desquamation. 

APOTELES'MA,  from  ano,  and  xe/Lio/ua, 
'completion.'  The  result  or  termination  of  a 
disease.     See,  also,  Amuletum. 

APOTHANASIA,  see  Death. 

APOTHE'CA,  FAar mace' urn,  from  a-ro,  and 
t;<\ui,  'to  place.'  Any  place  where  things 
are  kept,  and  therefore  'a  shop.'  A  place, 
where  medicines  are  kept.  See  Pharmacopo- 
lium. 

APOTHECARIES'  HALL.  The  Hall  of 
the  Corporation  or  Society  of  Apothecaries  of 
London,  where  medicines  are  prepared  and  sold 
under  their  direction,  &c.  This  Company  ob- 
tained a  charter  of  incorporation  in  the  15th 
year  of  James  the  First.  TSo  general  practi- 
tioner can  establish  himself  in  England  or 
Wales,  without  having  obtained  a  license  from 
the  Court  of  Examiners  of  the  Company. 

APOTHECARY,  Apotheca'rius,  Dispensd- 
tor,  Pliarmacopo'la,  Pigmenta'rius,  Pkarmaco- 
jtm'us,  Rhizot'omus,  Myropo'les,  same  derivation. 
(F.)  Apotkicaire,  Pliarmacien,  Pharmacopole. 
In  every  country,  except  Great  Britain,  it 
means  one  who  sells  drugs,  makes  up  prescrip- 
tions, &c.  In  addition  to  these  offices,  which, 
indeed,  they  rarely  exercise,  except  in  the  case 
of  their  own  patients,  the  Apothecaries  in  Eng- 
land form  a  privileged  class  of  practitioners — 
a  kind  of  sub-physician. 

APOTHERAPEI'A,  from  ano&iqantvia,  {a-ro 
and  AiQairsvui,)  '  I  cure.'  A  perfect  cure. — Hip- 
pocr. In  the  ancient  Gymnastics,  it  meant  the 
last  part  of  the  exercises: — the  friction,  inunc- 
tion, and  bathing,  for  the  purpose  of  obviating 
fatigue,  or  curing  disease. — Galen,  Gorrasus. 

APOTHER'MUM,  from  *tio,  and  »%qptn, 
1  heat.'  A  pickle  made  of  mustard,  oil,  and 
vinegar. — Galen. 

APOTH'ESIS,  from  anori^rjui,  »I  replace.' 
The  position  proper  to  be  given  to  a  fractured 
limb,  after  reduction. 

APOTHICAIRE,  Apothecary. 

APOTHWAIRERIE,  (F.)  from  anod^r,, 
'  a  warehouse,  shop.'  The  same  as  Apotheca; 
also, a  gallipot. 

APOTHLIM'MA,  from  ano,  and  &Xtp<a,  'I 
press  from.'  Anciently,  the  dregs,  and  some- 
times the  expressed  juice  of  plants. —  Gorraus. 

APOTHRAU'SIS,  from  ano^auos,  '  I  break.' 
Fractuie  of  a  bone,  with  spicula  remaining. 
Extraction  of  a  spiculum  of  bone. — Gorraeus. 
Also,  Abscision,  (q.  v.) 

APOTILMOS,  Evulsion. 

APOT'OKOS,  from  uxo,  and  tixtw,  '  I  bring 
forth.'     An  abortive  foetus. — Hippocr. 

APOTOME,  Amputation. 

APOTROPiEUM,  Amuletum. 


APOTROPE,  Aversion. 

APOXYSMUS,  Abrasion. 

APOZEM,  Decoction. 

A¥PARA'TlJS,lParasceure,  from  ad  and  pa- 
rare,  '  to  prepare.'  This  word  signifies, — a  col- 
lection of  instruments,  &c.  for  any  operation 
whatever.     (F.)  Appareil. 

In  surgery  it  means  the  methodical  arrange- 
ment of  all  the  instruments  and  objects  neces- 
sary for  an  operation  or  dressing.  By  exten- 
sion, the  French  give  the  name  Appareil,  Cap- 
sa  chirurgica,  to  the  case  or  drawers  in  which 
the  apparatus  is  arranged. 

Apparatus  has  likewise  been  applied  to  the 
different  modes  of  operating  for  the  stone. — See 
Lithotomy. 

In  Physiology,  Apparatus  (Appareil)  is  ap- 
plied to  a  collection  of  organs,  all  of  which 
work  towards  the  same  end.  A  system  of  or- 
gans comprehends  all  those  formed  of  a  similar 
texture.  An  apparatus  often  comprehends  or- 
gans of  very  different  nature.  In  the  former, 
there  is  analogy  of  structure ;  in  the  latter,  ana- 
logy of  functions. 

Apparatus  Altos,  see  Lithotomy. 

Apparatus,  Immovable,  (F.)  Appareil  immo- 
bile, Immovable  Bandage,  Permanent  Bandage. 
An  apparatus  used  for  fractures,  which  is  gene- 
rally formed  by  wetting  the  bandages  in  some 
substance,  as  starch  or  dextrin,  which  becomes 
solid,  and  retains  the  parts  in  situ. 

Apparatus  Lateralis,  see  Lithotomy — a. 
Major,  see  Lithotomy — a.  Minor,  see  Litho- 
tomy. 

APPAREIL,  Apparatus,  Boitier — a.  Grand, 
see  Lithotomy — a.  Haut,  see  Lithotomy — a.  Im- 
mobile, Apparatus,  immovable — a.  Lateralise, 
see  Lithotomy — a.  Petit,  see  Lithotomy — a. 
Pigmental,  Pigmental  apparatus. 

APFARE1LS  DE  FORMATION,  (F.)  Gall 
admits,  in  the  brain,  two  kinds  of  fibres;  the 
one,  divergent,  proceeding  from  the  cerebral 
peduncles  to  the  convolutions,  and  constituting 
what  he  calls  appareils  de  formation :  the  other, 
convergent,  and  proceeding  from  the  convolu- 
tions to  the  centre  of  the  organ,  constituting 
what  he  calls  appareils  de  reunion.  The  first, 
as  a  whole,  form  the  organs  of  the  mental  fa- 
culties :  the  latter  are  commissures,  which  unite 
parts  of  the  organ  that  are  double  and  in  pairs. 

APPAUVRI,  Impoverished. 

APPENDICE,  Appendix— a.  Cxcal,  Appen- 
dix vermiformis  caeci — a.  Digital,  Appendix 
vermiformis  caeci — a.  Itpiplo'iques ,  Appendicular 
epiploic^ — a.  Sous-sternale,  Xiphoid  cartilage — 
a.  Sus-spheno'idale  du  cerveau,  Pituitary  gland — 
a.  Xipholde,  Xiphoid  cartilage. 

Appendices  Coli  Adipose,  Appendicular 
epiploicae. 

•  APPENDICULA  CEREBRI,  Pituitary 
gland — a.  Vermiformis  caeci,  see  Appendix — a. 
Epiploica,  Epiploic  appendage. 

APPENDlCULiE  PINGUEDlNOSiE,  Epi- 
ploic appendages,  (q.  v.)  Appendic'ulx  Epiplo- 
icae, Appendices  coli  adipo'sa.  (F.)  Appendices 
Epiploiqucs.  Prolongations  of  the  peritoneum 
beyond  the  surface  of  the  great  intestine,  which 
are  analogous  in  texture  and  arrangement  to 
omenta. 

APPEN'DIX,  Epiphysis,  from  appendere, 
'to  hang  from.'  Any  part  that  adheres  to  an 
organ  or  is  continuous  with  it: — seeming  as  if 


APPENSIO 


64 


AQUA 


added  to  it.  An  appendage,  an  apophysis,  (q.  v.) 
(F)  A ppendice,  Annexe. 

Appen'dix  or  Appendic'ula  Vermifou'mis 
Cje'ci,  Ec'phyas,  Additamen' turn  Coli,  Appen'- 
dix Cceei.  (F.)  Appcndice  vermiforme,  A.  cae- 
ca! ou  digital.  A  vermicular  process,  the  size 
of  a  goose-quill,  which  hangs  from  the  intesti- 
num  ccecum.     Its  functions  are  unknown. 

Appendix   Cerebri,  Pituitary  gland— a.  ad 
Cerebrum,  Cerebellum— a.  to  the  Epididymis, 
Vasculum  aberrans — a.  Ventriculi,  Duodenum. 
APPENSIO,  see  Analeptia. 
AP'PETENCE,  Appeten'tia,  from    appetere, 
(ad  and  petere,)  '  to  desire.'  An  ardent,  passion- 
ate desire  for  any  object. 
APPETIT,  PERTE  D\  Anorexia. 
AP'PETITE,  Appeti'tus,  Appeten'tia,  Appc- 
ti"tia,  Cupi'do,  Orexfis,  Orme,  same  etymology 
as  the  last.  An  internal  sensation,  which  warns 
us  of  the  necessity  of  exerting  certain   func- 
tions, especially  those  of  digestion  and  genera- 
tion.    In  the  latter  case  it  is  called  venerealap- 
petile,   (F.)    Appetit   neniricn;    in    the  former, 
simply  appetite,  (F.)  Appetit  ou  Appetition.     If 
the  desire  for  food,  occasioned  by  a  real  want, 
be  carried  to  a  certain  extent,  it  is  called  hun- 
ger, when  solid  food  is  concerned;  thirst,  when 
liquid.     Appetite  and  hunger  ought  not,  how- 
ever, to  be  employed  synonymously:  they  are 
different  degrees  of  the  same  want.     Hunger  is 
an  imperious  desire:    it  cannot  be   provoked, 
like  the  appetite.     It  is  always  allayed  by  eat- 
ing: but  not  so  the  appetite;  for,  at  times,  it 
may  be  excited  in  this  manner.    They  are  very 
generally,  however,  used  synonymously. 
Appetite,  Morbid,  Limosis. 
APPETITUS  CANINUS,  Boulimia. 
APPLE,  ADAM'S",  Pomum  adami— a.  Bitter, 
Cucumis  colocynthis — a.  Curassoa,  Aurantium 
curassaventium — a.  May,  Podophyllum  pelta- 
tum — a.   Root,  Euphorbia  corollata — a.   Tree, 
Pyrus  malus. 

APPLICA'TA,  from  applicare,  (ad  and  pli- 
eare,)  'to  apply.'  A  word,  unnecessarily  in- 
troduced into  medical  language,  to  express  the 
objects  which  are  applied  immediately  to  the 
surface  of  the  body,  as  clothes,  cosmetics, 
baths,  &,c. — Halle. 

APPLICATION,  Applica'tio,  in  a  moral  sig- 
nification, is  synonymous  with  Attention.  Also 
the  act  of  applying  one  thing  to  another;  as  the 
A.  of  an  apparatus,  of  a  bandage,  blister,  &c. 

APPREHEN'SIO,  from  ad  and  prehendcre, 
'to  take.'  This  word  is  employed  in  various 
senses.  It  means  catalepsy,  (q.  v.)  or  cato- 
chia. — Paul  Zacchias.  A  kind  of  bandage 
for  securing  any  part.  Also,  a  therapeutical 
indication. 

APPROCHE,  Coition. 

APPROXIMATION,  Appraxima'tio,  from 
ad  and  proximus,  '  nearest.'  Eltmuller  gave 
this  name  to  a  pretended  method  of  curing  dis- 
ease, by  making  it  pass  from  man  into  some 
animal' or  vegetable,  by  the  aid  of  immediate 
contact. 

APRAC'TA,  from  a,  priv.  and  vqcktow,  '1 
act.'  Without  action.  An  epithet  for  the 
parts  of  generation,  when  unfit  for  copulation 
or  generation. 

A PRICATIO,  Isolation. 
APRICOT,  Prunus  Armeniaca. 
APROSO'PIA,  Triocephal'ia,   from   a.   priv. 


and    nvovrov,   'the   face.'     A    malformation, 
which  consists  in  the  face  being  denc.ent. 

AFSINTHIA'TUM,  from  «i//u-5co»,  'worm- 
wood.' A  sort  of  drink  made  of  wormwood— 
Aetius. 

APSINTHITES,  Absinthites. 

APSYCH1A,  Syncope. 

At'TH^,  Aphthae. 

APTYS'TOSr  from  a,  priv.  and  mvoj,  '1 
spit.'  Devoid  of  expectoration.  An  epithet 
given  to  certain  pleurisies,  in  which  there  h 
no  expectoration. — Hippocr. 

APYETOS,  from  a,  priv.  and  irvov,  '  pus.' 
An  external  affection,  which  does  not  end  in 
suppuration. 

APYiqUE,  Apyos. 

AP'YOS,  from  a,  priv.  and  irvor,  '  pus,'  (?.) 
Apyique.    That  which  does  not  afford  pus. 

APYRENOMELE,  Apyromele. 

APYRET'IC,  Apyret'icus,  from  a,  priv.  and 
ttvq,  'fire,  fever.'  'Without  fever.  This  epi- 
thet is  given  to  days  in  which  there  is  no  pa- 
roxysm of  a  disease  ;  as  in  the  case  of  an  inter- 
mittent ;  as  well  as  to  some  local  affections 
which  do  not  induce  fever.  Urticaria  is  some- 
times called  an  apyretic  exanthem. 

APYREX'IA.  The  same  etymology.  Ab- 
sence of  fever  :  Dialeim'ma,  Intermissio.  Apy- 
rexia  is  the  condition  of  an  intermittent  fever 
between  the  paroxysms:  the  duration  of  the 
apyrexia,  consequently,  depends  on  the  type  of 
the  intermittent.  Occasionally,  the  term  has 
been  applied  to  the  cessation  of  the  febrile  con- 
dition in  acute  diseases.  _ 

APYROME'LEorAPYRENOME'LE,from 
a,  priv.  WQtjv,  '  a  nut,'  and  /ujjAjj,  '  a  sound.'  A 
sound  or  probe,  without  a  button  or  nut.  It  is 
the  Melo'tis,  Specil'lum  auricula' rium  or  Auricu- 
lar sound  of  Galen. 

AQUA,  Water— a.  Acidi  carbonici,  Acidu- 
lous water — a.  Acidula  hydrosulphurata,  Na- 
ples water  (factitious) — a.  Aeris  fixi,  Acidulous 
water  (simple) — a.  Alkalina  oxymuriatica,  Eau 
de  Javelle — a.  Aluminis  compositus,  Liquor  a. 
c. — a.  Aluminosa  Bateana,  Liq.  aluminis  com- 
positus— a.  Ammonias,  Liquor  ammonia?— a. 
Acetatis  ammonia,  Liquor  ammonia?  acetatis— 
a.  Ammonia?  carbonatis,  Liquor  ammonias 
subcarbonatis — a.  Ammonia?  caustica,  Liquor 
ammonia? — a.  Amnii,  Liquor  Amnii. 

Aqua  Amygdala'rum  Concentka'ta,  (F.) 
Eau  d'Amandes  ameres.  Water  of  bitter  al- 
monds. Made  by  bruising  well  two  pounds  of 
bitter  almonds;  adding,  whilst  triturating,  ten 
pounds  of  spring  water,  and  four  pounds  of  al- 
cohol, letting  the  mixture  rest  in  a  well-closed 
vessel,  and  then  distilling  two  pounds.  Used 
instead  of  the  Aqua  Laurocerasi  and  the  Hydro- 
cyanic acid. 

Aqua  Anisi  Fortis,  Spiritus  anisi — a.  Aquis- 
granensis,  see  Aix-la-Chapelle — a.  Ardiente, 
see  Spirit — a.  Auditoria,  Cotunnius,  Liquor  of 
— a.  Aqua  balsamica  arterialis,  Aqua  Binelli — a. 
Bareginensis,  Bareges  water — a.  Bellilucana, 
Balaruc  waters — a.  Benedicta,  Liquor  calcis — 
a.  Benedicta  composita,  Liquor  calcis  composi- 
tus— a.  Benedicta  Rulandi,  Vinum  antiinonii 
tartarizati. 

Aqua  Bineleij,  Acqua  Binelli,  Aqua  Bal- 
sam'ica  arteria'lis.  A  celebrated  Italian  he- 
mostatic, invented  by  one  Binelli.  Its  compo- 
sition is  unknown,  but  its  virtues  have  been 
ascribed  to  creasote  ;  although  there  is  reason 


AQUA  BROCCHIARI 


C5 


AQUASTER 


for  believing  it  to   possess  no   more   activity 
than  cold  water. 

Aqua  Beocchiabi.  A  supposed  styptic, 
Which  made  much  noise  at  Paris  at  one  time. 
It  is  devoid  of  efficacy.  Dr.  Paris  found  no- 
thing in  it  but  water  perfumed  by  some  vege- 
table essence. 

Aqua  Borvonensis,  Bourbonne-les-Bains, 
mineral  waters  of— a.  Bristoliensis,  Bristol  wa- 
ter—a. Calcanae  usta?,  Liquor  calcis— a.  Calcis, 
Liquor  calcis— a.  Calcis  composita,  Liquor  cal- 
cis compositus— a.  Camphor,  Mistura  cam- 
phors—a.  Camphorata,  Bates's,  see  Cupri  sul- 
phas—a. Catapultarum,  Arquebusade  eau  a". 

Aqua  Cinnamo'mi,  Cinnamon  Water.  Dis- 
tilled water  of  Cinnamon  Bark.  Prepared  also 
in  the  following  manner.  01.  Cinnam.  f.  Zss; 
Magnes.  Carbon,  gss:  Aq.  destillat.  Oij.  Rub 
the  oil  and  carbonate  of  magnesia ;  add  the 
water  gradually  and  filter.  (Ph.  U.  S.) 

Aqua  Cinnamomi  Fortis,  Spiritus  Cinna- 
momi — a.  Colcestrensis,  Colchester,  mineral 
waters  of — a.  Cupri  ammoniata,  Liquor  c.  a. — 
a.  Cupri  vitriolati  composita,  Liquor  cupri  sul- 
phatis  composita — a.  inter  Cutem,  Anasarca — 
a.  Destillata,  Water,  distilled— a.  Fluviatilis, 
Water,  river. 

Aqua  F<enic'uli,  Fennel  Water.  The  distilled 
water  of  fennel  seed.  It  may  be  prepared  also 
like  the  aqua  cinnamomi. 

Aqua  Fontana,  Water,  spring — a.  Fortis,  Ni- 
tric acid — a.  Hepatica,  Hydrosulphuretted  water 
— a.  Hordeata,  Decoctum  hordei — a.  Juniperi 
composita,  Spiritus  juniperi  compositus — a.  Kali, 
Liquor  potass®  subcarbonatis— a.  Kali  caustici, 
Liquor  potassa? — a.  Kali  praparati,  Liquor  po- 
tassae  subcarbonatis — a.  Kali  puri,  Liquor  po- 
tassa?— a.  Kali  subcarbonatis,  Liquor  potassa? 
subcarbonatis — a.  Labyrinthi,  Cotunnius,  liquor 
of— a.  ex  Lacu,  Water,  lake — a.  Lithargyri  ace- 
tati  composita,  Liquor  plumbi  subacetatis  dilu- 
tus — a.  Lucia?,  Spiritus  ammonia?  succinatus — 
a.  Marina,  Water,  sea— a.  Medicata,  Water,  mi- 
neral. 

Aqua  Mentha  Pipehi't^;,  PeppermintWater. 
The  distilled  water  of  peppermint.  It  may  be 
prepared  like  the  aqua  cinnamomi. 

Aqua  Mentha  PipehitidisSpikituosa,  Spi- 
ritus mentha?  piperita — a.  Menthoe  viridis,  Spear- 
mint water,  see  Aqua  mentha?  piperita? — a. Men- 
tha? vulgaris  spirituosa,  Spiritus  menthae  viridis 
— a.  Mineralis,  Water,  mineral— a.  Mirabilis, 
Spiritus  pimentoe  — a.  Mulsa,  Hydromeli  —  a. 
Natri  Oxymuriatici,  Liquor  soda;  chlorinate — 
a.  Neapolitana,  Naples  water  (factitious) — a. 
Nephritica,  Spiritus  myristicee—  a.  Nivata,  Wa- 
ter, snow — a.  Nucis  moschatae,  Spiritus  myris- 
tica? — a.  Ophthalmica,  Liquor  zinci  sulphatis 
cum  camphora — a.  Paludosa,  Water,  marsh — a. 
Picea,  see  Pinussylvestris — a.  Pluvialis,  Water, 
rain — a.  Potassa?,  Liquor  potassa? — a.  Pulegii 
spirituosa,  Spiritus  pulegii — a.  Putealis,  "Water, 
well — a.  Rabelii,  Elixir  acidum  Halleri — a.  Ra- 
phani  composita,  Spiritus  armoracia?  compositus 
— a.  Regia,  Nitro-muriatic  acid. 

Aqua  Ro ste,  Rose  Water.  (Ros.centifol-V5v\iy. 
Aqua,  cong.  ij.  M.  Distil  a  gallon — Ph.  U.  S.) 

Aqua  Saeubrjs,  Water,  mineral — a.  Sappha- 
rina,  Liquor  cupri  ammoniata — a.  Saturni,  Li- 
quor plumbi  subacetatis  dilutus — a.  Sclopetaria, 
Arquebusade  eau  d' — a.  Seminum  anisi  compo- 
pita,  Spiritus  anisi — a.  Seminum  carui  fortis, 
Spiritus  carui  — a.  Soteria,  Water,  mineral— a. 


Stygia,  Nitro-muriatic  acid — a.  Styptica,  Liquor 
cupri  sulphatis  composita — a.  Sulphurata  sim- 
plex, Hydrosulphuretted  water — a.  Sulphureti 
ammonia?,  Liquor  fumans  Boylii — a.  Thediana, 
Arquebusade  eau  d' — a.  Theriacalis  Bezoardica, 
Chylostagma  diaphoreticum  Mindereri — a.  To- 
fana,  Liquor  arsenicalis — a.  Traumatica  The- 
denii,  Arquebusade  eau  d' — a.  Vegeto-mineralis, 
Liquor  plumbi  subacetatis  dilutus — a.  Viciensis, 
Vichy  water — a.  Vitriolica  camphorata,  Liquor 
zinci  sulphatis  cum  camphora  —  a.  Vitriolica 
caerulea,  Solutio  sulphatis  cupri  composita — a. 
Vulneraria,  Arquebusade  eau  d"1 — a.  Zinci  vitri- 
olati cum  camphora,  Liquor  zinci  sulphatis  cum 
camphora. 

AQUiE  ACIDUL^E,  Acidulous  waters— a. 
Badiguae,  Bath,  Mineral  waters  of— a.  Badiza?, 
Bath,  Mineral  waters  of — a.  Bathonia?,  Bath, 
Mineral  waters  of— a.  Buxtonienses,  Buxton, 
Mineral  waters  of — a.  Cantuarienses,  Canter- 
bury, waters  of. 

Aquje  Destilla'jve,  Distilled  Waters,  Hydro- 
la'ta,(F.)  Hydrolats.  These  are  made  by  putting 
vegetable  substances,  as  roses,  mint,  penny- 
royal, &c,  into  a  still  with  water,  and  drawing 
off  as  much  as  is  found  to  possess  the  aromatic 
properties  of  the  plant.  To  every  gallon  of  the 
distilled  water,  5  oz.  of  spirit  should  be  added 
to  preserve  it.  The  simple  distilled  tcaters  are 
sometimes  called  Aquse  stillatit"  isa  sim'pliccs :  the 
spirituous,  Aquse  stillalil" iee  spiriluo' sa,  but  more 
commonly  Spir'ilus. 

Aqu.5:  Minerales  Acidclje,  Waters,  mine- 
ral, gazeous — a.  Minerales  ferruginosa?,  Waters, 
mineral,  chalybeate — a.  Minerales  sulphurea?, 
Waters,  mineral,  sulphureous — a.  Stillatitia?, 
Aqua?  destillata? — a.  Solis,  Bath  mineral  waters. 
AQUjEDUC'TUS,  Aq'ueduct,  from  aqua,  'wa- 
ter,' and  ducere,ductum,  'to  lead.'  (F.)  Jlqueduc. 
Properly,  a  canal  for  conducting  water  from 
one  place  to  another.  Anatomists  have  used 
it  to  designate  certain  canals. 

Aqujeductus  Cerebri,  lnfundibulum  of  the 
brain — a.  Cotunnii,  Aqua?ductus  vestibuli. 

Aqu^educ'tus  Coch'leje,  (F.)  Aqueduc  du 
Limagon; — a  very  narrowcanal,  which  proceeds 
from  the  tympanic  scala  of  the  cochlea,  to  the 
posterior  edge  of  the  pars  pctrosa. 

Aqu^duc'tus  Fallo'pii,  Canal  spiro'ide  de 
I'os  temporal  of  Chaussier,  Aqueduc  de  Fallope. 
A  canal  in  the  pars  petrosa  of  the  temporal 
bone,  which  extends  from  the  meatus  audito- 
rius  internusto  the  foramen  stylo-mastoideum. 
and  gives  passage  to  the  facial  nerv<?.  The 
opening  into  this  aqueduct  is  called  Hia'tus 
Fallo'pii. 

Aqu^duc'tus  Syl'vii,  Aqueduc  de  Sylvius, 
Iter  ad  quartum  ventric'ulum,  Cana'lis  me'dius, 
Canal  inter  mid  iaire  des  ventricules  of  Chaussier. 
A  canal  forming  a  communication  between  the 
third  and  fourth  ventricles  of  the  brain. 

Aqu/educ'tus  Vestib'uli,  or  Aquseductus 
Cotun'nii,  (F.)  Aqueduc  du  vestibuleou  Aqueduc 
da  Cotugno.  This  begins  in  the  vestibule,  near 
the  common  orifice  of  the  two  semicircular  ca- 
nals, and  opens  at  the  posterior  surface  of  the 
purs  petrosa. 

AQUALIC'ULUS,  from  aqualis,  'a  water- 
pot.'  That  part  of  the  abdomen  which  extends 
from  the  umbilicus  to  the  pubes.  See  Hypo- 
gastrium.  It  has  also  been  applied  to  the 
stomach  or  intestinal  canal. 

AQUASTER.    A  word  used,  by  Paracelsus, 


AQUEDUC 


CO 


ARADOS 


to  express  the  visions  or  hallucinations  of  pa- 
tients. 

AQUEDUC,  Aqueduct — a.de  Colvgno,  Aqua> 
ductus  vestibuli — a.  de  Fallope,  Aquasductus 
Fallopii — a.  du  Limaron,  Aquaeductus  cochleae 
—a.  de  Sylvius,  Aqueeductus  Sylvii — a.  du  Ves- 
tibule, Aquscductus  vestibuli. 

AQUEDUCT,  Aquasductus. 

A'QUEOUS,  Aquo'sus,  Hydato'dcs,  Hijdro'- 
des,  from  aqua,  'water,'  (F.)  Aqueux.     Watery. 

The  absorbents  or  lymphatics  are  sometimes 
called,  in  France,  Conduits  ou  Canaux  aqueux. 

Aqueous  Humour  ok  the  Eve,  Humor 
aquo'sus,  Albugineous  humour,  Ooei'des,  wcsi- 
^ii;,Hijdatoi'des,'vduTon3rjc,  Oca'tus  seu  Ovifor1- 
tnis  humor,  (F.)  Humeur  aqueuse.  The  lim- 
pid fluid  which  fills  the  two  chambers  of  the 
eye,  from  the  cornea  to  the  crystalline,  and 
which  is,  consequently,  in  contact  with  the  two 
surfaces  of  the  iris.  Quantity,  5  or  6  grains:  s.  g. 
1.0003.  It  contains  gelatin,  albumen,  chloride  of 
sodium,  and  phosphate  of  lime  in  small  quantity; 
and  is  enveloped  in  a  fine  membrane: — the  mem- 
brane of  the  aqueous  humour — Tunica  propria  seu 
VagHna  humo'ris  a'quei,  seu  Membra'na  Demu- 
ria'na  seu  Descemet'ii,  Membra 'ne  of  Dcmours,  or 
of  Descemet ;  although  these  last  terms  are  by 
some  appropriated  to  a  third  layer  of  the  cornea. 

AQUIDUCA,  Hydragogues. 

AQUIFOLlUxW,  Ilex  aquifolium  —  a.  Foliis 
deciduis,  Prinos. 

AQU1LA,  Hydrargyri  submurias,  Sulphur. 

The  alchymists  used  this  word  for  sublimed 
sal  ammoniac,  precipitated  mercury,  arsenic, 
sulphur,  and  the  philosopher's  stone.  See  Hy- 
drargyri Submurias,  and  Sulphur. 

Aq/uila  Ccelest'is;  a  sort  of  panacea,  of 
which  mercury  was  a  constituent. 

Aq'uu.a  LACH'citvjriE;  a  liquor  prepared  from 
several  ingredients,  especially  from  calomel. 

Aq/uila  Philosopho'rum.  The  alchymists, 
whose  terms  were  always  mysterious,  called 
mercury  thus,  when  reduced  to  its  original 
form. 

Ao.'uila  Ven'eris;  an  ancient  preparation, 
made  by  subliming  verdigris  and  sal  ammoniac. 

AQUIL^E  VEN.E,  Temporal  veins. 

AQUILE'GIA  VULGA'RIS,  Common  Co- 
lombine  or  Columbine,  (F.)  Ancolie.  The  seeds, 
herb,  and  flowers  were  formerly  used  in  jaun- 
dice and  cutaneous  diseases.  They  are  still 
retained  in  many  of  the  Pharmacopoeias  of  con- 
tinental Europe. 

AQUO-CAPSULITIS,  Aquo-membranitis. 

AQUO-MEMBRAN1TIS,  Kcratolri'tis,  Aquo- 
capsuli'tis.  Inflammation  of  the  anterior  cham- 
ber of  the  eye.  A  badly  compounded  term,  de- 
noting inflammation  of  the  capsule  or  mem- 
brane of  the  aqueous  humour. 

AQUULA.  Ceratocele,  Hydatid,  Hydroa — 
a.  Acustica,  Cotunnius,  liquor  of. 

Aquula  seu  Aqua  Morgagnii.  The  minute 
portion  of  water,  which  escapes  when  an  open- 
ing is  made  into  the  capsule  of  the  crystalline. 

ARA  PARVA,  a  small  altar; — a  kind  of  ban- 
dage invented  by  Sostratus,  which  represents 
the  corners  of  an  altar. — Galen. 

AR'ABE;  a  wound,  a  blow. — Erotian. 

ARAB'ICA  ANTID'OTUS  HEPAT'ICA, 
Ar'uMc  Htpat'ic  An'lidote.  A  powder,  com- 
posed of  myrrh,  costus,  white  pepper,  &c.  It 
was  administered  in  new  wine. 

ARAB'ICUS  LAPIS.     A  sort  of  white  mar- 


ble found  in  Arabia,  and  analogous  to  alabaster. 
It  was  regarded  as  an  absorbent  and  desicca- 
tive  and  was  employed  in  hemorrhoids. 

AR'ABIS  MALAG'MA.  An  anti-scrofulous 
medicine,  composed  of  myrrh,  olibanum,  wax, 
sal  ammoniac,  iron  pyrites,  &c. — Celsus. 

AR'ABS,  MEDICINE  OF  THE.  The  Ara- 
bians  kept  the  torch  of  medical  science  illumi* 
nated  during  a  dark  period  of  the  middle  ages. 
Before  the  year  of  the  Hegira,  they  had  schools 
of  medicine;  but  these  were  most  flourishing 
during  the  10th,  11th,  and  12th  centuries.  The 
chief  ^additions  made  by  them  to  medical  sci- 
ence were  in  the  departments  of  pharmacy 
and  in  the  description  of  diseases.  Their  prin- 
cipal writers  were  Avicenna,  Serapion,  Aver- 
rhoes,  Hali  Abbas,  Moses  Maimonides,  Aven- 
zoar,  Rhazes,  Albucasis,  *fec. 

AR'ACHIS  HYPOGE'A,  Ground  nut,  Pea 
nut;  erroneously  called  Pistachio  nut,  in  the 
South ;  Pindars  of  the  West  Indies.  Cultivated 
in  the  Southern  States.  The  seeds  are  oily  and 
are  eaten.  A  kind  of  inferior  chocolate  may 
be  made  of  them. 

ARACH'NE,  xoxxvy,  'a  spider,  a  cobweb.' 
Hence — 

ARACHNI'TIS  or  ARACHNOIDITIS,  In- 
flammation of  the  Arachnoid.  A  variety  of 
phrenitis;  which  see. 

ARACH'NOID  MEMBRANE,  Meninx  Mt'- 
dia,  Arachno'ideus,  Arachno'des,  from  aoa/vr],  'a 
cobweb,'  and  eidoc,  'form,  resemblance.'  Tu- 
nica ara'nta,  Tu'nica  arachno'des,  Menin' gion. 
A  name  given  to  several  membranes,  which,  by 
their  extreme  thinness,  resemble  spider-webs.— 
Celsus  and  Galen  called  thus  the  membrane  of 
the  vitreous  humour, — the  tunica  hyaloidea. 
The  moderns  use  it  now  for  one  of  the  mem- 
branes of  the  brain,  situate  between  the  dura 
mater  and  pia  mater.  It  is  a  serous  membrane, 
and  composed  of  two  layers;  the  external  being 
confounded,  in  the  greater  part  of  its  extent, 
with  the  dura  mater,  and,  like  it.  lining  the  in- 
terior of  the  cranium  and  spinal  canal:  the 
other  being  extended  over  the  brain,  from  which 
it  is  separated  by  the  pia  mater,  without  pass- 
ing into  the  sinuosities  between  the  convolu- 
tions, and  penetrating  into  the  interior  of  the 
brain  by  an  opening  at  its  posterior  part  under 
the  corpus  callosum.  It  forms  a  part  of  the 
investing  sheath  of  the  nerves,  as  they  pass 
from  the  encephalic  cavities.  Its  chief  uses 
seem  to  be; — to  envelop,  and,  in  some  mea- 
sure, protect  the  brain,  and  to  secrete  a  fluid 
for  the  purpose  of  keeping  it  in  a  state  best 
adapted  for  the  proper  performance  of  its  func- 
tions. 

ARACHNOIDITIS,  Arachnitis. 

ARACK/, Arrack';  (East Indian.)  Aspirituous 
liquor  made  in  India  in  various  ways,  often  from 
rice,  sometimes  from  sugar  fermented  along 
with  the  juice  of  the  cocoa  nut:  frequently  from 
toddy,  the  juice  which  flows  from  the  cocoa  nut 
tree  by  incision,  and  from  other  substances.  It 
is  a  strong,  heating  spirit. 

Arack,  Mock,  is  made  by  adding  Qijof  Ben- 
zoic acid  to  a  quart  of  rum.  The  celebrated 
Vauxhall  punch  is  made  with  such  arack. 

ARACOUCH1NI,  Icica  aracouchini. 

ARACUS  AROMAT1CUS,  Vanilla. 

AR'ADOS,  from  u^aStu,,  'I  am  turbulent.' 
Ihe  agitation  excited  in  the  stomach  by  the 
coction  of  aliments  of  different  nature  —Hip- 


ARJEOTICA 


ARCHiEUS 


pocr.  Likewise,  the  motion  produced  by  ca- 
thartics. 

AR.EOT'ICA,  from  anaioui,  'I  rarefy.'  Me- 
dicines supposed  to  have  the  quality  of  rarefy- 
ing the  humours.    See  Rarefaciens. 

ARAKI,  see  Spirit. 

ARALIA  CANADENSIS,  Panax  quinquefo- 
liur.i. 

Ara'lia  His'pida,  dicurf  elder,  is  said  to  be 
diuretic,  and  has  been  recommended,  in  decoc- 
tion, in  dropsy. 

Ara'lia  Nudicau'lis,  JVardus  America'nus, 
Small  Spikenard,  Wild  Liq'uoricc,  Sweet  root, 
False  Sarsaparil'la,  (F.)  Petit  nard.  This  Ameri- 
can plantissaid  to beamildstimulantand  diapho- 
retic, and  has  been  recommended  as  a  substitute 
for  the  sarsaparilla.  It  is  used,  also,  as  a  tonic. 
It  is  in  the  secondary  list,  Pharm.  United  States. 

Ara'lia  Racf.mo'sa,  American  Spikenard,  has 
the  same  properties  as  A.  Nudicanlis. 

Ara'lia  Spino'sa,  Angel'ica  Tree,  Prickly 
Ash,  Toothacli  Tree,  Spikenard  Tree,  Prickly 
Elder,  Shotbus/t,  Pigeon  Tree.  Its  properties 
are  not  clear.  The  berries,  and  a  tincture  of 
them  have  been  employed,  it  is  said,  success- 
fully in  tootliach.  A  spirituous  infusion  has 
also  been  used  in  colic. 

ARANEA,  Araneffi  Tela — a.  Tarentula,  see 
Tarentula. 

ARA'NEiE  TELA,  Ara'nea,  Ara'neum,  Cob- 
web, (F.)  Toilc  d'Araignde.  Formerly,  this 
substance  was  much  employed,  and  supposed 
to  possess  extraordinary  virtues,  especially 
when  applied  to  the  wrists.  It  has  been  re- 
cently used  again  in  intermittents.  It  is  a  me- 
chanical styptic,  and  is  so  applied,  externally, 
at  times. 

ARANEO'SA  URI'NA.  A  term  applied  to  the 
urine  when  loaded  with  filaments,  like  cobwebs. 

ARANEO'SUS  PULSUS;  a  term  employed 
to  express  extreme  weakness  of  pulse;  when 
the  movements  resemble  those  of  a  delicate  net 
raised  by  the  wind. 

ARANEUM,  Aranete  Tela. 

Ara'neum  Ulcus,  Astakil'los.  A  name  given 
by  Paracelsus  to  a  malignant,  gangrenous  ul- 
cer, extending  from  the  feet  to  the  legs. 

ARARA,  Myrobalanus  citrina. 

ARASCON,  Nymphomania,  Satyriasis. 

ARATRUM,  Vomer. 

ARAUCARIA  DOMBEYI,  Dombeya  excelsa. 

ARBOR  BENIVI,  Benjamin— a.  Indica,  Lau- 
rus  cassia — a.  Maris,  Coral — a.  Thurifera,  Ju- 
niperus  Lycia. 

Arbor  Vit^e,  (F.)  Arbre  de  vie.  A  name 
given  to  an  arborescent  appearance,  observed 
on  cutting  the  cerebellum  longitudinally;  and 
which  results  from  the  particular  arrangement 
of  the  white  substance  with  the  cineritious. 
Also,  the  Thuya  occjdentalis,  (q.  v.) 

AR'BORES.  A  morbid  alteration  of  the  skin, 
which  precedes  its  ulceration.     Ruland. 

ARBOUSIER,  Arbutus  unedo. 

ARBRE  DE  VIE.  Arbor  Vita;. 

ARBUSCULA  GUMMIFERA  BRAZILI- 
ENSIS,  Hypericum  Bacciferum. 

AR'BUTUS  UVA  URSI,  ArctoslapU'ylos, 
Uvae  Ursi  Fo'lia.  Nat.  Ord.  Ericeoe.  Sex.  Syst. 
Decandria  Monogynia.  (F.)  Busserolle  ou  Rai- 
sin d'Ours.  The  leaves — ( Uvu  Ursi,  Ph.  ti.*.) — 
of  this  plant  are  tonic  and  astringent,  and  have 
been  employed,  chiefly,  in  diseases  of  the  uri- 
nary organs.     Dose  of  powder  from  gr.  xv.  to 


3ss.  The  English  names  are  Bear,s  Whortleberry, 
or  Bcarberry,  Mountainbox,  Rcdberry,  Upland 
Cranberry,  Foxberry,  Checkerbcm/. 

Ak'cutus  Une'uo,  Andrach'nS,  line' do, line' do 
papyra'cea,  xopaoog,  (F.)  Arbousicr.  A  decoc- 
tion of  the  leaves  is  astringent,  and  has  been 
used  in  diarrhoea. 

ARC  or  ARCH,  Arms.  Any  part  of  the  body 
resembling  an  arch  in  form;  as  the  Arch  of  the 
colon,  (F.)  Arc  du  colon: — the  transverse  portion 
of  that  intestine: — Arch  of  the  aorta,  Arcus 
aor'tm,  (F.)  Crosse  de  I'Aorte,  &c:  the  turn 
which  the  aorta  takes  in  the  thorax. 

Arch,  Anastomotic,  (F.)  Arcade  anastomo- 
tiquc,  is  the  union  of  two  vessels,  which  anas- 
tomose by  describing  a  curved  line.  The  ves- 
selsofthe  mesentery  anastomose  in  thismanner. 

Arches  of  the  Palate.  These  are  two  in 
number  on  each  side  of  the  throat,  one  of 
which  is  termed  anterior,  the  other  posterior. 

The  anterior  arch  arises  from  the  middle  of 
the  velum  palati,  at  the  side  of  the  uvula,  and 
is  fixed  to  the  edge  of  the  base  of  the  tongue. 

The  posterior  arch  has  its  origin,  likewise, 
from  the  side  of  the  uvula,  and  passes  down- 
wards to  be  inserted  into  the  side  of  the  pha- 
rynx. The  anterior  arch  contains  the  circum- 
flexus  palati,  and  forms  the  isthmus  faucium. 
The  posterior  arch  has,  within  it,  the  levator 
palati:  and  between  the  arches  are  the  tonsils. 

ARCA  ARCANORUM,  Hydrargyrum— a. 
Cordis,  Pericardium. 

ARCADE  AJVASTOMOTIQUE,  Arch  anas- 
tomotic—  a.  Crurale,  Crural  arch — a.  Inguinale, 
Crural  arch — a.  Orbilaire,  Orbitar  arch — a.  Pit- 
bienne,  Pubic  arch — a.  Zygomatique,  Zygomatic 
arch. 

ARCADES DEJVTAIRES,  Dental  arches— u. 
Palmaires,  Palmar  arches. 

ARCADI-TEMPORO-MAXILLAlRE,Tem- 
poralis. 

ARCE'US  or  ARCCE'US,  BALSAM  OF, 
(F.)  Baumed'Arcceus.  A  kind  of  soft  ointment 
used  in  sores,  contusions,  &c.  It  is  made  by 
melting  two  parts  of  mutton  suet,  one  part  of 
hog's  lard:  of  turpentine  and  rosin,  each  one 
part  and  a  half:  straining  and  agitating  till  cold. 

ARC  ANSON,  Colophonia. 

ARCA'NUM,  from  ar'ca,' a  chest.'  A  secret, 
a  nostrum,  (F.)  Arcane.  A  remedy  whose  com- 
position is  kept  spcrel;  but  which  is  reputed 
to  possess  great  efficacy. 

Arcanum  Corallinum,  Hydrargyri  nitrico- 
oxydum — a.  Duplicatum,  Potassre  sulphas — a. 
Tartari,  Potassae  acetas. 

ARCATOS,  Meros. 

ARCEAU,  Arculus,  Cradle. 

ARCEUTOS,  Juniperus  communis. 

ARCHjE'US,  Archeus,  from  un/r^,  'com- 
mencement,' (F.)  Archee.  A  word  invented  by 
Basil  Valentine,  and  afterwards  adopted  by 
Paracelsus  and  VanHelmont.  The  latter  used 
it  for  the  internal  principle  of  our  motions  and 
actions.  This  archosus,  according  to  Van  Hel- 
mont,  is  an  immaterial  principle,  existing  in 
the  seed  prior  to  fecundation,  and  presiding 
over  the  development  of  the  body,  and  over  all 
organic  phenomena.  Besides  this  chief  ar- 
chaius,  whose  seat  Van  Helmont  placed  in  the 
upper  orifice  of  the  stomach,  he  admitted  seve- 
ral of  a  subordinate  character,  which  had  to 
execute  its  orders;  one,  for  instance,  in  each 
organ,  to  preside  over  its  functions;  each  of 


ARCHANGELICA 


68 


ARENOSA  URINA 


them  being  subject  to  anger,  caprice,  terror,  and 
every  human  failino-. 

ARCHANGELICA,  Lamium  album. 

AROHE,  cLQxrt,Inil"ium, Princip'ium.  Inva'sio. 
The  first  attack  of  a  disorder. 

ARCHEE,  Archaus. 

AFLCHELL,  CANARY,  Lichen  roccella. 

ARCHELOG"IA,from«(>;r»;,'beginning,'and 
Zoyoc;,  'a  discourse.'  A  treatise  on  fundamental 
principles; — of  medicine,  for  example. 

ARCHEN'DA.  A  powder  of  the  leaves  of 
the  ligustrum,  used  by  the  Egyptians  after 
bathing,  to  obviate  the  unpleasant  odour  of  the 
feet. — Prosper  Alpinus. 

ARCHIA'TER;  Protomed'icus,  Protia'tros, 
from  agytj,  '  authority,'  and  iciroog,  '  physician. 
The  original  signification  of  this  word  is  a 
matter  of  dispute.  Some  consider  with  Mer- 
curialis,  that  it  meant  physician  to  a  prince, 
king,  emperor,  &c;  others,  with  C.  Hoffman, 
apply  it  to  every  physician  who,  by  his  situa- 
tion, is  raised  above  his  colleagues.  The  former 
opinion  seems  to  have  prevailed, — Archiatre  des 
Rois  de  France,  being  applied  to  the  chief  phy- 
sician to  the  king. 

ARCHIG"ENT  MORBI.  Acute  diseases; be- 
cause they  hold  the  first  rank:  from  zqxVi  '^e' 
ginning,'  and  yirouai,  '  I  am.' 

ARCHIMAG1A,  Chymistry. 

ARCHINGEAY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Archingeay  is  situate  in  France,  three  leagues 
from  St.  Jean  d'Angely.  The  waters  are  prized 
in  all  diseases.  They  seem  to  contain  carbo- 
nate of  lime,  a  little  chloride  of  sodium,  carbo- 
nate of  iron,  and  some  bitumen. 

ARCH1TECTURA  APOPLECTICA,  Apo- 
plectic make. 

ARCHITIS,  Proctitis,  Rectitis. 

ARCHOPTOSIS,  Proctocele. 

ARCHORRHA'GIA  from  aQXes,  'the  anus,' 
and  Qtw,  '  I  flow.'  Archorrha/a.  Hemorrhage 
from  the  anus. 

ARCHORRHCEA,  Archorrhagia. 

ARCHOS,  Arcus,  Rectum. 

ARCHOSYRINX,  Fistula  in  ano. 

AR'CIFORM,  Arcifur'mis,  from  arx,  arris,  'a 
top  or  ridge,'  and  forma,  'shape.'  An  epithet 
given  to  certain  fibres  of  the  anterior  pyramids 
of  the  medulla  oblongata,  which  take  a  curved 
course  around  the  inferior  extremity  of  each  cor- 
pus olivare  and  ascend  towards  the  cerebellum. 

ARCTA'TIO  and  ARCTITU'DO,  from  arc- 
to,  '1  make  narrow.'  Contraction,  (F.)  Retre- 
cissement,  of  a  natural  opening  or  of  a  canal, 
and  especially  of  the  vulva,  of  the  orifice  of  the 
uterus, orof  the  intestinal  canal.  Constipation. 
Reunion  by  suture  or  infibulation. — Scribonius 
Largus,  Paul  Zacchias,  &c. 

ARCTITUDO,  Arctatio. 

ARCTIUM  LA PPA.  The  root  and  seed  of 
the  Clit-lnir,  Barda'na,  Arctium,  Flaphis,  Lappa 
glabra,  Lappa  major,  L.  persona' tu,  Burdock, 
(F.)  Bardane,  Glouteron.  Nat.  Ord.  Com positae. 
Sex.  Sijst.  Syngenesia  requalis.  Root  diuretic: 
seed  cathartic.  It  has  been  used  in  decoction 
in  diseases  of  the  skin  and  in  syphilis. 

ARCTOSTAPHYLOS,  Arbutus  uva  ursi. 

ARCTU'RA,  from  arcto, '  I  straighten.'  The 
effects  of  a  nail  grown  into  the  flesh,  .irctu'ra 
unguis. — Linnius. 

ARCUA'TIO,  Concava'tio.     An  anterior  gib- 


bosity or  projection  of  the  sternum 
ARCUEIJ,,  MINERAL  WATE 


ERS  OF.  Ar- 


cueil  is  about  one  league  south  of  Paris.  The 
water  contains  carbonic  acid,  carbonate  of  lime, 
sulphate  of  lime,  chloride  of  sodium,  and  some 
deliquescent  salts. 

A  celebrated  society  held  its  meetings  at  this 
village,  of  which  Berthollet,  Humboldt,  La 
Place,  &c.  were  members. 

ARCULA  CORDIS,  Pericardium. 

ARCUL^E.  The  Orbitar  Fossa?:  vothdcg.— 
Rufus  of  Ephesus. 

ARCULUS,  diminutive  of  arcus,  'an  arch.' 
A  small  arch;  a  cradle,  (q.  v.)  (F.)  Arccau,  Ar- 
diet.  A  semicircular  box  or  basket  used  for 
preventing  the  coverings  of  the  body  from 
coming  in  contact  with  injured  or  diseased 
parts.  An  ordinance  of  the  Grand  Duke  of 
Tuscany  forbade  mothers  to  sleep  with  an  in- 
fant near  them,  unless  it  was  put  under  a  solid 
cradle. 

ARCUS  MEDULLARIS,  Fornix— a.  Seni- 
lis, Gerotoxon. 

ARDALOS,  Excrement. 

ARDAS,  Excrement. 

ARDENT,  ardens,  from  ardcre,  '  to  burn.' 

Ardent  Fever,  (F.)  Fievre  ardente.  The 
Causus,  Synocha,  or  inflammatory  fever. 

Mal  des  Ardens.  A  name  given  to  a  spe- 
cies of  pestilential  erysipelas,  or  Saint  Anthony's 
Fire,  which  reigned  epidemically  in  France  in 
1130. 

Ardent  or  Inflamed  Eyes,  (F.)  Yeux  ar- 
dens.    So  called  when  they  are  injected  red. 

Ardent  Urine,  (F.)  Urine  ardente.  When 
it  is  of  a  deep  red. 

ARDESIA  HIBERN1CA,  Hibernicus  lapis. 

ARDEUR,  Ardor — a.  du  Cozur,  Cardialgia— a. 
d'Estomac,  Ardor  ventriculi,  Pyrosis — a.dela 
Fievre,  Ardor  Febrilis — a.  a" Urine.  Ardor  Urine. 

AR'DOR,  (F.)  Jirdeur.  Heat,'(q.  v.)  A  feel- 
ing of  burning,  of  violent  heat;  JEstus,  JEslu- 
a'tio,  Causo'ma. 

Ardor  Feeri'lts,  (F.)  Ardour  de  la  Fievre. 
The  hot  period  of  fever. 

Ardor  Stomaciii,  Pyrosis. 

Ardor  Uiu'nje,  (F.)  Ardeur  d'Urine.  A  scald- 
ing sensation  occasioned  by  the  urine  in  pass- 
ing over  the  inflamed  mucous  membrane  of  the 
urethra,  or  over  the  neck  of  the  bladder. 

Ardor  Veneheus,  Heat. 

Ardor  Ventric'uli,  (F.)  Ardeur  d'Estomac 
Heartburn.     See  Cardialgia  and  Pyrosis. 

A'REA,  'a  void  place.'  A  Latin  word  used 
by  some  authors  to  designate  a  variety  of  Alo- 
pecia, (q.  v.)  in  which  the  hair  changes  colour, 
but  does  not  fall  off;  also,  Porrio-o  decalvans, 
(q.  v.) 

ARE'CA.  The  fruit  of  Are'ca  Cat'echu,  Co- 
un'ga;  Are'ca  nut,  Betel  nut.  Nat.  Ord.  Palmae; 
Sex.  Syst.  Moncecia  Monadelphia;  (F.)  Arte,  is 
astringent  and  tonic,  and  enters  into  the  com- 
position of  the  Betel,  the  great  masticatory  of 
the  Orientals. 

A  REFACTION,  Arefac'tio,  paving,  from 
arefacere,  'to  make  dry.'  (arere,  'to  dry,' and 
facere,  «to  make.')  The  process  of  drying  sub- 
stances, prior  to  pulverization. 

ARENAMEN,  Bole  Armenian. 

ARENA'TIO.  Sand  or  Earth  Beth;  from 
arena,  'sand.'  Saburra'tio.  The  application  of 
hot  sand  to  the  body.  Peddu'via  of  sand  were 
formerly  used  in  Ascites. 

A  RENO'S  A  URI'NA.  Sandy  Urine.  Urine 
when  it  deposits  a  sandy  sediment. 


ARENOSUS 


69  ARGENTI  CHLORIDUM 


ARENO'SUS,  Sabulous,  (q.  v.)  Also,  one 
who  passes  sandy  urine. 

ARE'OLA.  A  diminutive  of  A' rea.  Anato- 
mists understand  by  Areolae,  the  interstices  be- 
tween the  fibres  composing  organs;  or  those 
existing  between  lamina?,  or  between  vessels 
which  interlace  with  each  other. 

Areola  is,  also,  applied  to  the  coloured  circle 
or  Halo,  which  surrounds  the  nipple;  and  which 
becomes  much  darker  during  pregnancy;  as 
well  as  to  the  circle  surrounding  certain  vesi- 
cles, pustules,  &c.,as  the  pustules  of  the  small- 
pox, the  vaccine  vesicle,  &c.  Chaussier,  in 
such  cases,  recommends  the  word  Aure'ola. 
(F.)  Aureole,  Aire. 

AREOLAR,  Areola'ris.  Appertaining  to  an 
areola. 

Areolar  Exhalations  are  those  recremen- 
titial  secretions,  which  are  effected  within  the 
organs  of  sense,  or  in  parenchymatous  struc- 
tures,— as  the  aqueous,  crystalline  and  vitreous 
humours,  &c. 

AREOM'ETER,  Gravim'cter,  Alcoblom'eter, 
ASrostal'ic  Bal'ance,  from  aoaiog,  'light,'  and 
fitTQov,  'measure:'  i.  e.  'measure  of  lightness.' 
An  instrument,  so  called,  because  first  employed 
to  take  the  specific  gravity  of  fluids  lighter  than 
water.  The  Areometer  of  Beaume' ,  which  is  the 
most  used  in  Pharmacy,  particularly  in  France, 
consists  of  a  tube  of  glass,  largely  expanded 
towards  its  inferior  extremity,  and  terminating, 
below,  by  a  small  ball,  containing  mercury  or 
lead,  which  serves  it  as  a  balance,  so  that  it  may 
remain  upright  in  the  fluid.  This  tube  is  fur- 
nished with  a  graduated  scale.  If  the  fluid, 
into  which  the  Areometer  is  plunged  be 
heavier  than  water,  the  instrument  rises:  if 
lighter,  it  sinks.  There  are  various  Areometers, 
as  those  of  the  Dutch,  of  Fahrenheit,  Nichol- 
son, &c.  The  Areometer  is  also  called  Hydrom'- 
eler,  (F.)  Ari.ovn.ltre,  Ptse-liqueur . 

SCALE  OF   THE    AREOMETER    WITH    CORRESPOND- 
ING SPECIFIC  GRAVITIES. 

1.  Ascending  Scale  for  light  liquids. 
Beaume. 


Scale  of 
Beaume. 

Specific 
Gravi- 
ties. 

Substances. 

700 

Pure  hydrocyanic  acid  —Oay  Lus- 
sac. 

66 

715 

Very  pure  sulphuric  ether. 

60 

742 

The  same  concentrated. 

50 

782 

48 

792 

Equal  parts  of  alcohol,  and  ether. 

42 

819  ( 

Very  pure  alcohol  for  pharmaceuti- 

40 

827  j 

cal  purposes. 

36 

847 

Pure  alcohol.    Naphtha. 

33 

803 

Alcohol  of  commerce. 

32 

808 

Essential  oil  of  turpentine. 

30 

878 

Hydrocyanic  acid   of  Scheele  and 

26 

900  ) 

pure  hydrocyanic  acid, mixed  with 

an  equal   portion  of  water.     (Ro- 

I 

biquel.) 

25 
23 

906  ) 
915  i 

Acetic  ether. 
Nitric  ether. 

Id. 

Id.) 

Muriatic  ether. 

22 

923 1 

Liquid  ammonia. 
Olive  oil. 

Id. 

Id.) 

20 

935  > 

Brandy. 

18 

948) 

13 

980 

Burgundy  wine. 

12 

986 

11 

993 

Bordeaux  wine. 

10 

1000      Distilled  wa!er. 

Descending  Scale  for  heavy  liquids. 
(Dutch.) 


Scale  of 
Beaume. 


0 

1 

2 

3) 

4 
10 
12 
20 
21 
25 
30 

35 

40 
41 

45 
Id. 

50 
60 
66 
70 


Specific 
Gravi- 
ties. 


1000 
10071 
1009  I 
1014 

1032 

1075 
1091 
1161 
1180  ? 
1310  5 
1261 

1321  | 

1384} 
1398  <• 
1454) 
Id. 
1532 
1714 
1847 
1946 


Substances. 


Common  distilled  water. 
Distilled  vinegar. 
Common  vinegar. 
Cow's  milk. 

Concentrated  acetic  acid. 

Liquid  hydrochloric  acid. 

Boiling  syrup. 
Cold  syrup. 
Common  nitric  acid. 

Concentrated  nitric  acid. 

Phosphoric  acid  for  medical  use. 


Very  concentrated  sulphuric  acid. 
Very  concentrated  phosphoric  acid 


ARES.  A  term  invented  by  Paracelsus  to 
designate  the  principle  on  which  depends  the 
form  of  mercury,  sulphur,  and  salt.  These  the 
alchymists  regarded  as  the  three  bodies  that 
give  birth  to  every  other. 

AR'ETE,  aQirij, '  virtue.'  Mental  or  corpo- 
real vigour.     Hippocrates. 

A'REUS.  A  pessary,  mentioned  by  Paulus 
of  iEgina. 

AR'GEMA  and  AR'GEMON,  from  aqyog, 
'  white.'  Fos'sula.  (F.)  Encavure.  A  white 
spot  or  ulceration  of  the  eye.  Hippocr.  See 
Leu  co  ma. 

ARGEMONE  MEXICA'NA,  Thorn  Poppy. 
A  native  of  Mexico,  but  naturalized  in  most 
parts  of  the  world.  Nat.  Ord.  Papaveraceas. 
Sex.  Syst.  Polyandria  Monogynia.  The  juice 
resembles  gamboge,  and  has  been  used  as  a  hy- 
dragogue.  The  seeds  are  employed  in  the  West 
Indies  as  a  substitute  for  ipecacuanha.  They 
are  also  used  as  a  cathartic. 

ARGENSON,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
A  chalybeate  situate  at  Argenson  in  Dauphiny  : 
used  in  cases  of  obstruction,  jaundice,  &,c. 

ARGENT,  Argentum. 

ARGENTERIA,  Potentilla  anserina. 

ARGENTI  CHLORIDUM.  See  Argentum 
—  a.  Cyanuretum,  see  Argentum — a.  lodidum, 
see  Argentum. 

Argen'ti  Nitras,  Ar gen' turn  Nitra'lum,  Sal 
argen'ti,  Argentum  Nit'ricum.,  (F.)  Nitrate 
d"1  Argent,  Azotate  d' Argent,  Nitrate  of  Silver. 
This  preparation  is  sometimes  kept  in  crystals, 
the  Nitras  Argen'ti  in  crystal'Ios  concre'tus, 
Nitrate  d)  Argent  cristallisd  of  the  Codex  of  Paris. 
Crystalli  Lunas,  Argen'tam  nit'ricum  crystal- 
lisa'tum,  Nitras  argenti  crystal' linus,  Nitrum 
luna're,  Hydrago'gum  Bov'i.ei.  Generally, 
however,  it  is  in  the  fused  state  :  and  it  is  this 
which  is  admitted  into  most  Pharmacopoeias, 
and  which,  besides  the  name  Nitras  Argenti,  is 
called  Ni'tras  argen'ti  fu'sus,  Caus'ti'cum  lu- 
na're, Lapis  inferna'lis,  Argen'tum  nit'ricum 
fusum,  and  lunar  caustic.  (F.)  Nitrate  d 'argent 
fondu,  Pierre  infernale. 

In  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States, 
it  is  directed  to  be  prepared  as  follows  :  Take 
of  silver,  in  small  pieces,  §j.;  nitric  acid,  f.  ^v. 
distilled  water,  f  |ij.     Mix  the  acid   with  the 


ARGENTINE 


70 


AR1STOLOCHIA 


water,  and  dissolve  the  silver  in  the  mixture 
in  a  sand  bath;  then  gradually  increase  the 
heat,  so  that  the  resulting  salt  may  be  dried. 
Melt  this  in  a  crucible,  over  a  gentle  fire,  and 
continue  the  heat  until  ebullition  ceases;  then 
immediately  pour  it  into  suitable  moulds. 

The  virtues  of  nitrate  of  silver  are  tonic, 
and  escharotic.  It  is  given  in  chorea,  epilepsy, 
&c;  locally,  it  is  used  in  various  cases  as  an 
escharotic.  Dose,  gr.  1-8  to  gr.  1-4  in  pill,  three 
times  a  day. 

When  silver  is  combined  with  iodine,  it  is 
said  to  have  the  same  effect  as  the  nitrate,  and 
not  to  produce  the  slate  colour  of  the  surface, 
which  is  apt  to  follow  the  protracted  use  of  the 
latter. 

ARGENTINE,  Potentilla  anserina. 

AKGEN'TUM,^f«s,  from  aoyo?,'  white.' 
Silver,  Luna,  Dia'na,  (F.)  Argent.  A  solid 
metal  of  a  shining  white  appearance:  insipid; 
inodorous;  highly  sonorous ;  malleable  and 
ductile;  somewhat  hard ;  crystallizable  in  tri- 
angular pyramids;  fusible  a  little  above  a  red 
heat,  and  volatizable;  s.  g.  10.4.  Not  used  at 
all  in  medicine,  unless  in  some  places  for  silver- 
ing pills.  Silver  Leaf,  Argen'tum  folia' turn, 
is  the  state  in  which  it  is  used  for  this  purpose. 

Argentum  Divi'sum,  metallic  silver  in  very 
fine  powder  has  been  recommended  internally 
in  syphilis. 

The  Chloride  Cyakuret  and  Iodide  of 
Silver,  the  Oxide  and  the  Chlorhje  of  Am- 
monia and  Silver,  have  been  used  in  syphilis. 
At  first,  these  different  preparations  were  ad- 
ministered iatraleptically  on  the  gums ;  the 
chloride,  the  cyanide  and  the  iodide  in  the  dose 
of  l-12th  of  a  grain;  the  chloride  of  silver  and 
ammonia  in  the  dose  of  l-14th  of  a  grain,  and 
the  oxide  of  silver  and  divided  silver  in  the 
dose  of  l-8th  and  l-4th  of  a  grain.  M.  Serre, 
of  Montpellier,  who  made  many  trials  with 
them,  soon  found  that  these  doses  were  too 
small ;  he  therefore  raised  that  of  the  chloride 
to  l-10th,  and  of  the  iodide  to  l-8th  of  a  grain, 
without  any  inconvenience  resulting.  The 
dose  of  the  other  preparations  was  likewise  in- 
creased in  a  similar  ratio.  M.  Serre  extols  the 
preparations  of  silver — used  internally  as  well 
as  iatraleptically — as  antisyphilitics,  but  they 
are  not  to  be  depended  upon. 

The  Cyanuret  or  Cyanide  of  Silver,  Argenti 
Cyanurctum,  A.  Cyanidum.  Argentum  cyanoge- 
na'tum,  (F.)  Cyanure  d'urgent,  is  thus  directed 
to  be  prepared  in  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the 
United  States,  (1842.)  Argent.  Nit.  %xv.  Acid 
Hydrocyan.  Aq.  destillat.  aa  Oj.  Having  dis- 
solved the  nitrate  of  silver  in  the  water,  add 
the  hydrocyanic  acid,  and  mix  them.  Wash 
the  precipitate  with  distilled  water  and  dry  it. 

Argentum  Fogitivium,  Hydrargyrum — a 
Fusum,  Hydrargyrum — a.  Mobile,  Hydrargy- 
rum— a.  Vivum,  Hydraro-yrum. 

ARGILE  OCIIREUSE  PALE,  Bolus  Alba. 

ARG1LLA  BOLUS  FLAVA,  Terra  Lemnia 
— a.  Bolus  rubra,  Bole  Armenian — a.  Ferru- 
ginea  Rubra,  Bole  Armenian — a.  Kalisul- 
phurica,  Alumen — a.  Pallida,  Bolus  alba. 

Argilla  Pura,  Terra  Alu' minis,  T.  bolaris 
seu  argilla'cea  pura,  pure  Argil  or  Alumina, 
Alumine  facticc.  This  substance,  which  is  pre- 
pared by  drying  alum  and  exposing  it,  for 
twenty  or  twenty-five  minutes  to  a  red  heat, 
until  the  sulphuric  acid"  is  driven  off,  has  been 


recommended  in  indigestion  as  antacid,  as 
well  as  in  vomiting  and  diarrhoea  accompanied 
with  acidity.  The  dose  to  a  very  young  child 
is  from  gss  to  gj.;  to  older  children  from  ft 

to  zij. 

Argilla  Sulphurica  Alcalisata,  Alumen 

a.  Sulphurica  usta,  Alumen  exsiccatum— a. 

Supersiilphas  alcalisatum,  Alumen — a.  Vitrio 
lata,  Alumen. 

A  RGOL,  RED,  Potassa?  supertartras  impurug 
a   White,  PotassEe  supertartras  impurus. 

ARGUMENTUM  INTEGRITATIS, Hymen. 

ARGYROCHiETA,  Matricaria. 

ARGYROPH'ORA,  from  aoyvoo?,  'silver,' 
and  QcQw,  'I  bear.'  A  name  given,  by  Myrep- 
sus,  to  an  antidote  which  he  regarded  as  ex- 
tremely precious. 

ARGYROTROPHEMA,  Blancmanger. 

ARGYRUS,  Argentum. 

ARHEUMAT'IC,  Arheumat'icus,  from  a,  pri- 
vative, and  Qf  vpn, '  fluxion  or  rheumatism.'  One 
without  fluxion  or  rheumatism. 

ARIA,  Crataegus  aria. 

ARIC'YMON,  aoty.vftov,  from  aoi,  an  inten- 
sive  particle,  and  xviir,  '  to  conceive.'  A  name 
given  to  a  female  who  conceives  readily.— 
Hippocr. 

ARIDE'N  A.  A  Latin  word  employed  to  de- 
signate the  leanness  of  any  part. — Ettmuller, 
Sauvages. 

ARIDTTY.  Arid.' itas,  (F.)  Aridite, from  arm, 
'  to  dry.'  The  French  use  the  word  AridiU  to 
express  the  dryness  of  any  organ,  and  particu- 
larly of  the  skin  and  tongue,  when  such  dry- 
ness is  so  great  as  to  render  the  organ  rough  to 
the  touch.  Aridite,  also,  means  the  lanuginous 
appearance  of  the  hair  in  some  diseases  in 
•which  they  seem  covered  with  dust. 

ARIDU'RA.  Wasting  or  emaciation  of  the 
whole  or  of  any  part  of  the  body. — Marasmus, 
Atrophy,  (q.  v.) 

Aridtra  Cordi?,  Heart,  atrophy  of  the. 

ARIKA.     See  Spirit. 

ARISTALTH.EA,  Althrea. 

ARISTOLOCHI'A  from  aQtarcg, '  very  gooi,' 
and  I'.yuu,  'parturition;'  so  called, because  the 
different  varieties  were  supposed  to  aid  partu» 
rition.  Birthwort.  (F.)  Aristoloche.  Several  va- 
rieties were  once  in  use. 

Aristolochi'a  Clemati'tis,  Aristolochi'a 
Vu/ga'ris,  Adra  Riza,  Aristolochi'a  ten'uis.  (F.) 
Aristoloche  ordinaire,  Upright  Birlhioort.  The 
root  has  been  considered  stimulant  and  em- 
menagogue,and  as  such  has  been  used  in  ame- 
norrhcea,  chlorosis,  and  cachexia. 

Aristolochia  Fabacea,  Fumaria  bulbosa, 
Aristolochi'a  Longa  and  A.  Rotun'da,  (F.j 
Aristoloche  longue  ct  ronde,  Long  and  round 
Birthwort.  Virtues  the  same  as  the  preceding. 
Aristolochi'a  Pistolochi'a,  Pistolochi'a, 
Aristolochi'a  po/yrxhi'za.  This  variety  has  an 
aromatic  odour,  and  an  acrid  and  bitter  taste. 
(F.)  Aristoloche  cre'nelie. 

Aristolochi'a  Serpenta'ria,  Serpcntd 'ria, 
Vipera'ria,  Viperi'na  Virginia'na,  Colubri'na  Vfa 
ginia'na,  Contraycr'va  Virginia' na,  S.  Virginia'- 
va,  (F.)  Scrpentahe  et  Aristoloche  serpentaire  de 
Virginie,  Coluvrine  dc  Virginic,  Virginia  Snake 
root,  Snalicroot  Birthwort,  Snakeweed,  SnagTeL 
Virtues— tonic,  stimulant;  and,  as  such'em- 
ployed  in  debility,  intermittents,  &c. 

Aristolochi'a Tiuloba'ta.     (F.)  Aristolockt 


ARISTOLOCHIC 


71 


ARROW  ROOT 


trilobic.  A  plant  of  Surinam  and  Jamaica; 
possessing  the  general  virtues  of  the  Aristolo- 
chise.  The  other  varieties  of  Aristolochia  have 
similar  properties. 

ARISTOLOCH'IC.  Same  etymology.  An  old 
term  for  remedies  supposed  to  have  the  pro- 
perty of  promoting  the  flow  of  the  lochia. — 
Hippocr.,  Theophrastus,  Dioscorides,  &c. 
^  ARIS'TON  MAGNUM  and  ARISTON  PAR- 
VUM.  These  names  were  formerly  given  to 
pharmaceutical  preparations,  used  in  phthisis, 
tormina,  and  fever. — Avicenna. 

AllISTOPHANEI'ON.  A  sort  of  emollient 
plaster,  prepared  with  four  pounds  of  pitch,  two 
of  apochyma,  one  of  wax,  an  ounce  of  opopo- 
nax,  and  half  a  pint  of  vinegar. — Gomeus.  Not 
used. 

ARKANSAS,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
About  5  miles  from  the  Washita  river,  and 
about  a  quarter  of  a  degree  north  of  the  Lou- 
isiana line,  there  are  70  of  those  springs.  They 
are  thermal,  upwards  of  100°  Fahrenheit,  and 
are  employed  in  rheumatism,  cutaneous  affec- 
tions, &c. 

ARLADA,  Realgar. 

ARLES,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Ther- 
mal sulphureous  springs  in  the  department  of 
Pyrenees  Orientales,  France.  Their  tempera- 
ture is  103°  to  1450  of  Fahr.,  and  they  contain 
sulphohydric  acid. 

ARM,  Brachium. 

ARMA,  Penis — a.  Ventris,  Penis. 

ARMAMENTARIUM,  Arsenal. 

ARMATORY  UNGUENT,  Hoplochrysma. 

ARMATURA,  Amnios. 

ARME,  aQpt),  from  aou, '  I  adapt.'  Any  phy- 
siological or  mechanical  junction  or  union  of 
parts. — Hesychius.  A  suture,  as  of  the  cra- 
nium.— Galen. 

ARMEINIACA  MALUS.  The  Apricot.  See 
Prunus. 

ARMENIAN  STONE,  Melochites. 

ARMENITES,  Melochites. 

ARMILL.E  MANUS  MEMBRANOS^, 
Annular  ligament  of  the  carpus. 

ARMOISE  BLANC,  Artemisia  rupestris— a. 
Estragon,  Artemisia  dracunculus — a.  Ordinaire, 
Artemisia  vulgaris. 

ARMONIAOUM,  Ammoniac,  gum. 

ARMORA'CIA.  In  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the 
United  States,  the  fresh  root  of  the  Cochlearia 
armoracia. 

ARMOUR,  Condom. 

ARMURE  DES  JAMBES.  See  Cornu  am- 
monis. 

ARMUS,  Humerus — a.  Summus,  Acromion. 

AR'NICA  MONTA'NA.  Derivation  uncer- 
tain. Arnica,  Leopard's  Bane,  Doron'icurn  Ger- 
man'icum,  Alis'ma,  Ad'yrus,  Diuret'ica,  Arnica 
Plauen'sis,  Panace'a  hpso'rum,  Ptar'mica  mon- 
ta'na,  Caltha  seu  Calen'dula  Alpi'na,  (F.)  Ar- 
nique,  Bitoine  des  Montagnes.  Tabac  des  Vos- 
ges.  Sex.  Syst.  Syngenesia  Polygamia  super- 
flua.  Nat.  Ord.  Synantherea?.  The  plant  and 
flower  are  considered,  or  have  been  considered, 
narcotic,  stimulant,  emmenagogue,  &c;  and, 
as  such  have  been  given  in  amaurosis,  paraly- 
sis, all  nervous  affections,  rheumatism,  gout, 
chlorosis,  &c.  Dose,  gr.  v  to  x  in  powder.  In 
large  doses,  it  is  deleterious. 

Arnica  Spuria,  Inula  dysenterica — a.  Sue- 
densis,  Inula  dysenterica. 

ARNOGLOSSUM,  Plantago. 


ARO'MA,  ciqwuu,  'perfume:'  (ant,  'very,'  and 
oaui]  or  otfy?;,  'odour.')  Spir'itus  Rector.  (F.) 
Arome.  The  odorous  part  of  plants.  An  ema- 
nation—  frequently  imponderable  —  from  bo- 
dies, which  acts  on  the  organ  of  smell,  and  va- 
ries with  the  body  exhaling  it. 

AROMAT'IC,  Aromat'icvs,  (F.)  Aromate. 
Any  odoriferous  substance  obtained  from  the 
vegetable  kingdom,  which  contains  much  vola- 
tile oil,  or  a  light  and  expansible  resin.  Aro- 
matics  are  used  in  perfumes,  in  seasoning,  and 
embalming.  In  medicine  they  are  employed 
as  stimulants.  Ginger,  cinnamon,  cardamoms, 
mint,  &c,  belong  to  this  class. 

AROMATOPO'LA,  from  ana^a,  'an  odour,' 
and  nvdao,  'I  sell.'  An  apothecary  or  drug- 
gist.   One  who  sells  spices. 

AROPH.  A  barbarous  word,  which  had  va- 
rious significations  with  the  ancients.  Para- 
celsus employed  it  to  designate  a  lithontriptic 
remedy.  The  mandragora,  according  to  some. 
Also,  a  mixture  of  bread,  saffron  and  wine. — 
Van  Helmont. 

Aroph  Paracf.lsi,  Ferrnm  ammoniatum. 

ARQUEBUSADE  EAU  D',  Aqua  traumat- 
ica Thede'nii,Aqua  Thcdia'na,  Aqua  sclopeta'ria, 
Aqua  vulnera'ria,  Aqua  catapulla'rum,  Mistu'ra 
vulnera'ria  ac"ida.  A  sort  of  vulnerary  water, 
distilled  from  a  farrago  of  aromatic  plants. 
(Rosemary  Ibiss,  millefoil,  thyme,  each  Hiss. 
Proof  spirit  2  gallons — distil  a  gallon.  This  is 
one  form.) 

ARRABON,  Arraphon. 

ARRACHEMENT,  (F.)  from  arracher,  '  to 
tear  out,'  Apospas'ma,  Abrup'tio,  Avul'sio.  Act 
of  separating  a  part  of  the  body  by  tearing  it 
from  the  bonds  connecting  it  with  others.  Evul- 
sion (q.  v.)     Laceration  (q.  v.) 

Arrachement,  is  applied  to  certain  operations, 
as  to  the  extraction  of  a  tooth,  the  extirpation  of 
a  polypus,  &c. 

ARRACK,  Arack.    See  Spirit. 

AR'RAPHON  or  AR'RABON,  from  «,  priv. 
and  Qu<pi],  'a  suture,' — 'without  suture.'  A 
term  applied  to  the  cranium  when  it  presents 
no  sutures. 

ARRECTIO,  Erection. 

ARREPTIO,  Insanity. 

ARRESTA  BOVIS,  Ononis  spinosa. 

ARRET  D'HILDAJY,  Remora  Hildani. 

ARRETEBCEUF,  Ononis  spinosa. 

ARRHOS'A,  from  a,  privative,  and  otto,  '  1 
flow.'  The  suppression  of  any  flux.  Ame- 
norrhoea,  (q.  v.) 

ARRHOSTEMA,  Disease. 

ARRHOSTENIA,  Disease. 

ARRHOSTIA,  Disease. 

ARRH  YTHMUS,  Cacorrhythmus. 

ARRlkRE-BOUCHE,  Pharynx—  a.-dent,  See 
Dentition — a.-Faix,  Secundines. 

ARRlkRE-GOUT,  (F.)  'after  taste.'  The 
taste  left  by  certain  bodies  in  the  mouth  for 
some  time  after  they  have  been  swallowed, 
owing  probably  to  the  papillae  of  the  mouth 
havinc  imbibed  the  savoury  substance. 

ARRIkRES  JYARIJYES,  Nares,  posterior. 

ARROCHE,  A  triplex  hortensis— a.  Puant, 
Chenopodium  vulvaria. 

ARROSEMENT,  Aspersion. 

ARROW  ROOT.  The  fecula  of  the  rhizo- 
ma  of  Maran'ta  Arundina'cea,  Fec'ula  Maran'tse, 
which,  like  all  fecuke,  is  emollient  and  nutritive, 
when  prepared  with  water  or  milk. 


ARS  CABALISTIC  A 


72 


ARTELSIIEIM 


Dr.  Carson  has  shown,  that  Florida  airoic- 
root  is  derived  from  Zamia  inUgrifolia  or  Z. 
pumila,  Sugar  pine;  Bermuda  arrow  root  being 
obtained  from  Maranta  arundinacea.  Florida 
arrow  root  as  well  as  the  farina  is  known  in 
the  Southern  States  under  the  name  Coonti  or 
Coontie. 

Arrow  Root,  Brazilian.  The  fecula  of 
Jatropha  Manihot. 

Arrow  Root,  Common.  See  Solanum  tube- 
rosum. 

Arrow  Root,  East  Imdian.  The  fecula  of 
the  tubers  of  Curcuma  angustifolia  or  narrow- 
leaved  Turmeric. 

Arrow  Root,  English,  Arrow  root,  common. 

ARS  CABALISTICA,  Cabal— a.  Chymia- 
trica,  Chymiatria — a.  Clysmatica  nova,  Infusion 
of  medicines — a.  Coquinaria,  Culinary  art — a. 
Cosmetica,  Cosmetics— a.  Culinaria,  Culinary 
art — a.  Empirica,  Empiricism — a.  Hermetica, 
Chymistry — a.  Infusoria.  Infusion  of  medicines 
■ — a.  Machaonia,  Medicina — a.  Majorum,  Chy- 
mistry— a.  Medica,  Medicina — a.  Obstetricia, 
Obstetrics — a.  Sanandi,  Art,  healing — a.  Sepa- 
ratoria,  Chymistry — a.  Spagirica,  Chymistry. 

ARSALTOS,  Asphaltum. 

ARSATUM,  Nymphomania. 

ARSENAL  (F.)  Chirapothe'ca,  Armamenta'- 
rium.  A  collection  of  surgical  instruments.  A 
work  containing  a  description  of  surgical  in- 
struments. 

ARSEN'IATE,  Arstn'ias.  A  salt  formed  by 
a  combination  of  arsenic  acid  with  a  salifiable 
base. 

Arseniate  of  Ammonia,  Arscn'ias  Ammo'- 
nice,  Ammo'nium  Arsen'icum,  (F.)  Ars6niate 
d'Ammoniaquc.  This  preparation  is  highly  ex- 
tolled in  cutaneous  diseases.  A  grain  of  the 
salt  may  be  dissolved  in  an  ounce  of  distilled 
water,  and  20  to  25  drops  be  commenced  with 
as  a  dose. 

Arseniate  of  Iron,  Jlrsen'ias  Ferri,  Ferrum 
Arsenia'tum,  F.  Arsen'icum  oxydula!  turn,  (F.) 
Arsiniate  de  Fer.  This  preparation  has  been 
applied  externally  to  cancerous  ulcers.  An 
ointment  may  be  made  of  gss  of  the  arseniate, 
gij  of  the  phosphate  of  iron  and  gvj  of  sperma- 
ceti ointment:  the  arseniate  has  also  been  given 
internally  in  cancerous  affections,  in  the  dose 
of  one-sixteenth  of  a  grain. 

Arseniate  of  Protox'ide  of  Potas'sium, 
Proto-arsen'iate  of  Potas'sium,  Arsen'iale  of 
Potassa,  Arsen'ias  Potassce,  Arscn'ias  Kali.  Pro- 
perties the  same  as  those  of  the  arsenious  acid. 

ARSENIC,  Arsen'icum.  A  solid  metal;  of  a 
steel-gray  colour;  granular  texture;  very  brit- 
tle; volatilizing  before  melting;  very  combus- 
tible and  acidiriable.  It  is  not  dangerous  of 
itself,  and  only  becomes  so,  by  virtue  of  the  fa- 
cility with  which  it  absorbs  oxygen. 

Arsenic,  Iodide  of,  Arscn'ici  Io'didum,  A. 
lodure'tum,  Arsen'icum  Ioda'tum.  This  prepa- 
ration has  been  highly  extolled  by  Biett  in  va- 
rious cutaneous  affections,  applied  externally, 
The  ointment  he  uses  contains  three  grains  of 
iodide  to  §j  of  lard. 

Arsenic,  Oxide  of,  Arsenious  acid — a.White, 
Arsenious  acid. 

Arsenic  and  Mercury,  Iodide  of,  Hydrar'- 
gyri  et  Arsen'ici  Io'didum,  Double  J'odide  of 
Mer'cury  and  Ar'scnic,  lodo-ars'  cnitc  of  Mer'cury. 
A  compound,  which  has  been  proposed  as  more 
efficacious  than  either  the  iodide  of  arsenic  or 


the  iodide  of  mercury.  It  is  made  by  triturating 
G.06  grains  of  arsenic;  15.38  grains  of  mercury; 
50  of  iodine,  with  a  fiuidrachrn  of  alcohol,  until 
the  mass  has  become  dry,  and  from  being  deep 
brown  has  become  pale  red.  Eight  ounces  of 
distilled  water  are  poured  on,  and  after  tritura- 
tion for  a  few  moments,  the  whole  is  transferred 
to  a  flask;  half  a  drachm  of  hydriodic  acid,  pre- 
pared by  the  acidification  of  two  grains  of  iodine 
is  added,  and  the  mixture  is  boiled  for  a  few 
moments.  When  the  solution  is  cold,  make 
the  mixture  up  to  f.  gviij  with  distilled  water. 
This  is  called  by  Mr.  Donovan,  the  proposer, 
Liquor  Arsen'ici  et  Hydrar'gyri  lo'didi,  each 
drachm  of  which  by  measure  consists  of  water 
^j,  protoxide  of  arsenic  gr.  l-8th;  protoxide  of 
mercury  gr.  l-4th,  iodine  converted  into  hy- 
driodic acid  gr.  4-5ths.  The  dose  of  this  Dono- 
van's Solution  is  from  flt^.  xv  to  f.  £ss  two  or 
three  times  a  day. 

It  has  been  used  successfully  in  inveterate 
cutaneous  diseases. 

ARSEN'ICAL  PASTE,  (F.)  Pale  Arsinicalt. 
This  application  to  cancers  is  formed  of  70  parts 
of  cinnabar,  22  of  dragon's  blood,  and  8  of  ar- 
senious acid;  made  into  a  paste  with  saliva, 
when  about  to  be  applied. 

ARSEN'ICUM  ALBUM;  mite  Ai'senk, 
Oxide  of  Ar'senic,  Ratsbane,  Arsen'ici  oz'ydum 
album,  Ac"idum  Arsenico'  sum,  A.  Arseniu' sum, 
(Ph.  U.  S.)  Arsen'ious  acid,  Calx  Arsen'ici  alba. 
An  acid  which  is  met  with  in  commerce,  in 
compact,  white,  heavy,  fragile,  masses;  of  a 
vitreous  aspect,  opaque,  and  covered  with  a 
white  dust:  of  an  acrid  and  nauseous  taste; 
without  smell  when  cold;  volatilizable  by  heat, 
and  exhaling  the  odour  of  garlic:  soluble  in 
water,  alcohol  and  oil;  crystallizable  in  regu- 
lar octahedrons.  It  is  this  that  is  meant  by 
the  name  Arsenic,  as  commonly  used. 

Arsen'icum  Album  Sublima'tum,  Sublimed 
Oxide  of  Arsenic,  is  the  one  employed  in  me- 
dicine. It  is  tonic  and  escharotic,  and  is 
the  most  virulent  of  mineral  poisons.  It  is 
used  in  intermittents,  periodical  headachs,  neu- 
roses, &c.  Dose,  gr.  one-tenth  to  one-eighth 
in  pill.     See  Poisons,  Table  of. 

Arsenicum  Rubrum  Factitium,  Realgar. 

ARSENIS  POTASSA,  Arsenite  of  protox- 
ide of  potassium — a.  Potass®  aquosus,  Liquor 
arsenicalis — a.  Potassae  liquidus,  Liquor  arse- 
nicalis. 

ARSENITE,  Ar'senis.  A  salt,  formed  by  a 
combination  of  the  arsenious  acid  with  a  salifi- 
able base. 

Ar'senite  of  Protox'ide  of  Potas'sium, 
Proto-ar' senite  of  Potas'sium,  Ar'senite  of  Potassa. 
Ar'senis  Potassa;.  An  uncrystallizable  and  co- 
lourless salt,  which  forms  the  basis  of  the  li- 
quor arsenicalis,  which  see. 

ARSE-SMART,  Persicaria— a.  Biting,  Poly- 
gonum hydropiper. 

ART,  HEALING,  Ars  sanan'di,  Medici'na, 
(q.  v.)  The  appropriate  application  of  the  pre- 
cepts of  the  best  physicians,  and  of  the  results 
of  experience  to  the  treatment  of  disease. 

AR'TABE,  aQra(irt.  Name  of  a  measure  for 
dry  substances,  in  use  with  the  ancients,  equal, 
at  times,  to  5  modii:  at  others,  to  3;  and  at 
others,  again,  to  7. — Galen 

AR'TELSHEIM,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  These  German  waters  have  been  much 
recommended    in   hysteria,   gout,   palsy,   &c 


ARTEMISIA 


73 


ARTERIA 


Their  physical  or  chemical  properties  have  not 
been  described. 

ARTEMIS'IA,  Anacti'rion.  Called  after  a 
queen  of  the  name,  who  first  employed  it;  or 
from  AoTtdic,  'Diana;'  because  it  was  formerly 
used  in  diseases  of  women,  over  whom  she  pre- 
sided.   The  Gauls  called  it  Bricumum. 

Artemis'ia  Abkot'anuM)  Abrot'anum,Abrot'- 
onum,  Abrol'anum  Cathsum,  Abrol'anum  mas, 
Abrathan,  South' tmwood,  (F.)  Aurone,  Aurone 
male,  Auront  des  jar  dins,  Gardcrobe,  Citronelle. 
Supposed  to  be  possessed  of  stimulant  properties. 

Oil  of  Southernwood,  O'lcum  Abrot'ani,  (F.) 
Huile  d' Aurone,  possesses  the  aromatic  proper- 
ties of  the  plant. 

Artemis'ia  Absin'thium,  Absin'lhium,  Ab- 
sin'lhium zulga're,  Barypi'cron,  Common  Worm- 
wood, (F.)  Absinthe.  Properties: — tonic  and 
anthelmintic.  The  Oil  of  Wormwood,  O'leum 
Absin'thii,  (F.)  Huile  d*  Absinthe,  contains  the 
aromatic  virtues  of  the  plant. 

Artemisia  Botrvs,  Chenopodium  ambro- 
sioides. 

Artemis'ia  Campes'tris,  Field  Southernwood, 
(F.)  Aurone  des  Champs.  This  possesses  the 
same  properties  as  A.  Mrot'anum. 

Artemisia  Chenopodium,  Chenopodium  bo- 
trys. 

Artemisia  Chinensis.  From  this  the  Chi- 
nese form  their  moxas. 

Artemis'ia  Dracun'culcs,  Tar'agon,  (F.) 
Armoisc  cstra  gon.  Virtues: — the  same  as  the  last. 

Artemis'ia  Glacia'lis  or  Silky  Wormwood; 

Artemisia  Indica,  Artemisia  santonica; 

Artemis'ia  Marit'ima,  Absin'thium  Marit'- 
imum,  Sea  Wormwood,  Maritime  Southernwood. 
and 

Artemis'ia  Pon'tica, A. Roma'na, Absinthium 
Pon'ticum  seu  Romanum,  Roman  Wormwood, 
Lesser  Wormwood,  possess  like  virtues; — as  well 
as 

Artemis'ia  Rupes'tris,  Creeping  Wormwood, 
Gen'ipi  album,  (F.)  Armoise  blanc,  Genipi  blanc. 
This  variety  has  aromatic  virtues,  and  is  used 
in  intermittents  and  in  amenorrhcea. 

Artemis'ia  Santon'ica,  Santon'icum,  Arte- 
mis'ia contra,  Semen  contra  Vermes,  Semen  con- 
tra, S.  Zedoa'ria,  Canni  Herba,  Chamacedris, 
Chamxajparis' sus,  Semen  Cinas,  Hagiospermum, 
Sanctum  Semen,  Absin'thium  Santon'icum,  Se- 
menti'na,  Xantoli'na,  Scheba  Ar'abum,  Artemis'ia 
Juda'ica,  Wormsced,  Tartarian  Southernwood, 
(F.)  Barbotine.  Virtues:  —  anthelmintic  and 
6timulant.    Dose,  gr.  x.  to  gj  in  powder. 

Artemis'ia  Vulga'ris,  Artemis'ia  rubra  et 
dlba,  Cin'gulum  Sancti  Joannis,  Mater  Herba' - 
rum,  Bercnisecnm,  Bubastecor'dium,  Canapa'- 
cia,  Mug'wort,  (F.)  Armoise  ordinaire,  Herbe  de 
Saint  Jean.  This,  as  well  as  some  other  varie- 
ties, possesses  the  general  tonic  virtues  of  the 
Artemisia?.  The  Artemisia  vulgaris  has  been 
highly  extolled  by  the  Germans  in  cases  of 
epilepsy.  Dose  of  the  powder  in  the  24  hours 
from  ^ss  to  gj. 

ARTERE,  Artery — a.  Brachial,  Brachial  ar- 
tery— a.  Bruchio-cephalique,  Innominata  arteria 
— a.  Bronchiquc,  Bronchial  artery — a.  Ciliairc, 
Ciliary  artery — a.  Clitorienne:  see  Clitoris — a. 
Caicale:  see  Colic  arteries — a.  Collaterale  du 
covdc,  Anastomoticus  magnus  ramus — a.  Col- 
laterale ezterne,  Arteria  profunda  humeri — a. 
Collaterale  interne,  Anastomoticus  magnus  ra- 
mug — c.  Coronaire  des  levres,  Labial  artery — a. 
6 


Coronaire  Stomachiquc,  Coronary  artery — a. 
Crurale,  Crural  artery — a.  Deuxieme  des  thora- 
ciques,  Arteria  thoracica  externa  inferior — a. 
£pineuse,  Meningeal  artery,  middle — a.  Ftmoro- 
poplilit,  Ischiatic  artery — a.  Fessiere,  Gluteal 
artery — a.  Gastrique  droite,  petite,  Pyloric  arte- 
ry— a.  Gutturo-maxillaire,  Maxillary  artery,  in- 
ternal— a.  Honteuse  externe,  Pudic,  external, 
artery — a.  Honteuse  interne,  Pudic,  internal,  ar- 
tery— a.  Humerale  profonde,  Arteria  profunda 
humeri — a.  lliaque  primitive,  Iliac  artery — a. 
Innominie,  Innominata  arteria — a.  Jrienne,  Ci- 
liary artery — a.  Ischio-penienne :  see  Pudic,  in- 
ternal, artery — a,  Mediane  antdrieure,  Spinal 
artery,  anterior — a.  Mediane  postirieure  du 
rachis,  Spinal  artery,  posterior — a.  Meninges 
moyenne,  Meningeal  artery,  middle — a.  Menton- 
niere,  Mental  foramen — a.  Mesocdphalique,  Basi- 
lary  artery — a.  Mesocolique:  see  Colic  artery — 
a.  Musculaire  du  bras,  Arteria  profunda  humeri 
— a.  Musculaire  du  bras,  grande :  see  Collateral 
arteries  of  the  arm — a.  Musculaire  grande  de  la 
cuisse,  Arteria  profunda  femoris — a.  Opislho- 
gastrique,  Cceliac  artery — a.  Orbitaire,  Oph- 
thalmic artery — a.  de  VOvaire,  Spermatic  arte- 
ry— a.  Pelvi-crurale,  Crural  artery — a.  Pelvi-cru- 
rale,  Iliac  artery — a.  Pelvienne,  Hypogastric 
artery — a.  Premiere  des  tkoraciques,  Arteria  tho- 
racica externa  superior — a.  Radio -carpienne 
transversale  palmaire,  Radio-carpal  artery — a. 
Scrotale,  Pudic,  external,  artery — a.  Sous-cla- 
viere,  Subclavian  artery — a.  Sous-pubio-fe'mo- 
rale,  Obturator  artery— a.  Sous-pubienne,  Pudic, 
internal,  artery — a.  Sous-sternal,  Mammary,  in- 
ternal— a.  Sphino-epineuse,  Meningeal  artery, 
middle — a.  Stomogastrique,  Coronary  artery — 
a.  Sus -carpienne,  see  Sus-carpien — a.  Sus-maxil- 
laire,  Alveolar  artery — a.Sus-maxillaire,  Buccal 
artery — a.  Sus-Metalarsienne,  Metatarsal  artery 
— a.  Sus-pubienne,  Epigastric  artery — a.  Testicu- 
laire,  Spermatic  artery — a.  Thoracique  humdrale, 
Acromial  artery — a.  Trachelocervical,  see  Cere- 
bral arteries — a.  Trochanlerienne,  Circumflex  ar- 
tery of  the  thigh — a.  Troisieme  des  thoraciques, 
Acromial  artery — a.  Tympanique,  Auditory  ar- 
tery, external — a.  Uveale,  see  Ciliary  artery — a. 
Vulvaire,  Pudic,  external,  artery. 

ARTERIA,  Artery — a.  Anonyma,  Innomina- 
ta artery — a.  Aspera,  Trachea — a.  Cerebralis, 
Carotid,  internal — a.  Cervicalis,  Basilary  artery 
— a.  Coronaria  dextra,  Pyloric  artery — a.  Cras- 
sa,  Aorta — a.  Externa  cubiti,  Radial  artery — a. 
Dorsalis  metacarpi,  Metacarpal  artery — a.  Du- 
ra matris  media  maxima,  Meningeal  artery, 
middle — a.  Encephalica,  Carotid,  internal — a. 
Gastrica  superior,  Coronary  artery — a.  Ileo-co- 
lica:  6ee  Colic  arteries — a.  Iliaca  interna,  Hy- 
pogastric artery — a.  Iliaca  posterior,  Hypogas- 
tric artery — a.  Magna,  Aorta — a.  Malleolaris 
externa:  see  Tibial  arteries — a.  Malleolaris  in- 
terna: see  Tibial  arteries — a.  Mammaria  exter- 
na, A.  Thoracica  externa,  inferior — a.  Maxima, 
Aorta — a.  Media  anastomotica:  see  Colic  arte- 
ries— a.  Meninga?a  media,  Meningeal  artery, 
middle — a.  Muscularis  femoris,  A.  Profunda  le- 
mons— a.  Pharyngea  suprema,  Pterygoid  arte- 
ry— a.  Profunda  cerebri:  see  Cerebral  arteries 
— a.  Pudenda  communis,  Pudic,  internal, artery 
— a.  Pudica,  Pudic,  internal,  artery — a.  Ramu- 
lus  ductus  Pterygoidei,  Pterygoid  artery — a. 
Spheno-spinosa,  Meningeal  artery,  middle — a. 
Spinalis,  A.  Profunda  humeri — a.  Sternalia, 
Mammary,  internal — a.  Supra-orbitalis,  Frontal 


ARTERIAC 


ARTERY 


artery — a.  Sylviana:  see  Cerebral  arteries— a. 
Thoracica  axillaris  vel  alaris,  Scapular  artery, 
inferior — a.  Thoracica  humeralis,  Acromial  ar- 
tery— a.  Transversalis  colli:  see  Cerebral  arte- 
ries— a.  Transversalis  humeri,  Scapular  artery, 
superior— a.  Ulnaris,  Cubital  artery— a  Uterina 
hypogastrica,  Uterine  artery — a.  Vasta  poste- 
rior, A.  Profunda  femoris. 

ARTE'RrAC,  Arteriacus.  A  medicine  pre- 
scribed in  diseases  of  the  windpipe. 

ARTE'RliE  ADIPO'SJE.  The  arteries  which 
secrete  the  fat  about  the  kidneys,  are  sometimes 
so  called.  They  are  ramifications  of  the  capsular, 
diaphragmatic, renal,  and  spermatic  arteries. 

Arteris  Apoplectics,  Carotids — a.  Capi- 
tales,  Carotids— a.  Ciliares,  Ciliary  arteries— a. 
Jugulares,  Carotids— a.  Lethargicas,  Carotids 
— a.  Prseparantes,  Spermatic  arteries — a.  Som- 
niferoe,  Carotids — a.  Soporales,  Carotids — a. 
Soporaria?,  Carotids— a.  Veriosre,  Pulmonary 
veins. 

ARTE'RIAL,  Arterio'sus.  Belonging  to  ar- 
teries. 

Arterial  Blood,  (F.)  Sang  artiriel.  Red 
blood  is  so  called  because  contained  in  the  arte- 
ries. The  pulmonary  veins,  however,  also  con- 
tain red  blood:  hence  the  name  arterial  veins, 
(F.)  Veines  artirielles,  applied  to  them. 

Arte'rial  Duct,  Cana'lis  arterio'sus,  Ductus 
arterio'sus,  D.  Dotalli,  (F.)  Canal  arteriel,  C. 
Pulmo-aortique,  is  the  portion  of  the  pulmonary 
artery  which  terminates  in  the  aorta  in  the 
foetus.  When  this  duct  is  obliterated  after 
birth,  it  is  called  Arte'rial  Lig'ament,  (F.)  Liga- 
ment artiriel. 

Arterial  System  includes  all  the  arteries, 
from  their  origin  in  the  heart  to  their  termina- 
tion in  the  organs.     See  Vascular  System. 

ARTERIAL1ZATION  OF  THE  BLOOD, 
Hoematosis. 

ARTERFARCTIE,  from  agri/oia,  'artery,' 
and  arcto, '  I  straiten.'  Contraction  of  an  artery. 

ARTERIECTASIS,  Aneurism. 

ARTERLEURYSMA,  Aneurism. 

ARTERIITIS,  Arteritis. 

ARTERIODIALYSIS,  see  Aneurism. 

ARTERIOGRAPHY,  Artcriogra'phia;  from 
olotiiQix,  'artery,'  and  yoa<pij,  'a  description.'  A 
description  of  the  arteries. 

ARTERIOLA.    A  small  artery. 

ARTERIOL'OGY,  Arteriolog"ia;  from  uoTtj- 
g/«, 'artery,'  and  J.oyog,  'a  discourse.'  A  trea- 
tise on  the  arteries. 

ARTE'RIO-PITUTTOUS.  An  epithet  ap- 
plied to  vessels  which  creep  along  the  interior 
of  the  nostrils. — Ruysch. 

ARTERIORRHEXIS,  see  Aneurism. 

ARTERIOSTEIE,  from  agri^i*,  'artery,' 
and  oo-T63v, '  a  bone.'  Ossification  of  an  artery. 
— Piorry. 

ARTERIOT'OMY,  Arteriotom'ia,  from  a^rrj- 
Pta,  'an  artery,'  and  rcpra,  '  I  cut.'  This  word 
has  been  used  for  the  dissection  of  arteries. 
Most  commonly,  however,  it  means  a  surgical 
operation,  which  consists  in  opening  an  artery, 
to  draw  blood  from  it.  Arteriotomy  is  chiefly 
used  in  inflammatory  affections  of  the  head, 
\\  hen  the  blood  is  generally  obtained  from  the 
temporal  artery.   See  Blood-letting. 

ARTERITIS,  Artcrii'tis,  Inflamma'tio  Arte- 
ria'ritm,  (F.)  Arterite,  Inflammation  des  arteres ; 
from  «§T?;gia,  'an  artery,'  and  itis,  a  termina- 
tion denoting  inflammation.    Inflammation  of 


an  artery.  Inflammation  of  the  inner  coat  of 
the  artery  is  termed  Endo-artcri'tis  or  Endoiun- 
tvri'lis ;  of  the  outer,  Exo-arteritis  or  Exartcri'tis. 
ARTERY,  Arteria,  (F.)  Ailire,  from  or?) 
'air,'  and  Tr&uv,  '  to  preserve,'  quasi,  '  recepta- 
cle  of  air,'  because  the  ancients  believed  that  it 
contained  air.  They,  at  first,  gave  the  name 
Artery  to  the  trachea,  ajm/ota  rga^fia,  because 
it  is  filled  with  air;  and  afterwards  they  used 
the  same  term  for  the  arteries,  properly  so 
called,  probably  because  they  commonly  found 
them  empty  in  the  dead  body.  We  find,  also, 
yAtflts  to  designate  the  arteries,  called  by  the 
Latins  Vence  micajites  pidsatilcs.  Arteries,  with 
the  moderns,  signify  that  order  of  vessels,  which 
arise  from  the  two  ventricles  of  the  heart,  and 
have  valves  only  at  their  origin.  They  are  cy- 
lindrical, firm,  and  elastic  canals:  of  a  yellow- 
ish white  colour;  little  dilatable;  easily  lace- 
rable;  and  formed,  l.Of  an  external,  laminated 
or  cellular  membrane,  of  a  dense  and  close  cha- 
racter. 2.  Of  a  middle  coat  composed  of  fibres, 
which  does  not,  however,  contract  on  the  applj. 
cation  of  the  galvanic  stimulus;  and  3.  Of  an 
inner  coat,  which  is  thin,  diaphanous,  reddish, 
and  polished. 

The  use  of  the  arteries  is  to  carry  the  blood 
from  the  heart  to  the  various  parts  of  the  sys- 
tem. It  will  be  obvious,  however,  that  they 
cannot  all  convey  arterial  blood.  The  pulmo- 
nary artery,  for  example,  is  destined  to  convey 
the  venous  blood  to  the  lungs,  there  to  be  con- 
verted into  arterial;  whilst  the  pulmonary  veins 
convey  arterial  blood  back  to  the  heart. 

table  of  the  frincipal  arteries  of  the 

BODY. 

All  the  other  arteries  take  their  rise  from  the 
Pulmonary  Artery,  or  the  Aorta:  and  the  names 
generally  indicate  the  parts  to  which  they  are 
distributed. 

1.  Arteria  Pulmonaris. 

The  Pulmonary  Artery  arises  from  the  right 
ventricle,  and  soon  divides  into  a  right  and  left 
branch,  one  of  which  is  distributed  to  each  lung. 
II.  Arteria  Aorta. 

The  Aorta  arises  from  the  left  ventricle.  Itis 
the  common  trunk  of  the  arteries  of  the  body, 
and  may  be  divided  into  five  portions. 

a.  Arteries  furnished  by  the  Aorta  at  its  origin. 

1.  A.  Cardiaca  or  coronaria  anterior. 

2.  A.  Cardiaca  or  coronaria  posterior. 

b.  Arteries  furnished  by  the  Aorta  at  its  arch. 

The  arch  of  the  Aorta  gives  off,  to  the  left, 
two  considerable  trunks— the  Arteria  carotidea 
primitiva,  and  A.  subclavia;  and,  to  the  right,  a 
single  trunk,  which  is  larger— the  A.  innomi- 
nate or  Brachio-cephalica,  which  divides  into  the 
primitive  carotid  and  subclavian. 
A.  Arteria.  Caro-  (  Divides  into  A.  Carotidea  externa, 
A.  Carotidea  interna. 
'Furnishes,  \.A.  Thyroidea  superior. 

2.  A.lingualis,  which  gives  oft' the  A.  dorsa- 
lis  lingua;  and  A.  sublingualis. 

3.  A.  facialis  or  A.  Maxillaris  externa,  which 
furnishes  the  A.  palatina  inferior,  the 
A.  submentals,  and  A.  coronaria  supe- 
rior and  inferior. 

4.  A.  occipitalis,  which  gives  off  the  A.  mas- 
toidea  posterior. 

5.  A.  auricularis  posterior,  which  gives  ofl 
A.  stylo-mas  oidea. 

I     0.  A.  pharyvgea  inferior. 


T1DEA  PRIMITIVA. 


a.  A. Ca- 
rol idea - 
externa 


ARTERY 


75 


ARTH  ANITA 


\.  A.  i 

Tempo-  < 

ralis.     { 

f 

2.  A.     I 

Maxilla-  J 

n's  inter- ' 


b.  A.Ca- 

rotidea-( 
interna. 


Tlie  external  carotid  ultimately  divides  into  the  tem- 
poral artery  and  internal  maxillary. 

Furnishes  A.  transversalis  faciei,  A.  auricularis 
anterior,  and  A.  temporalis  media. 

f  Furnishes  13  branches,  viz.  A.  menitigea  media, 
A.  dentaris  inferior,  A.  temporalis  profunda 
posterior,  A.  masseterina,  A.  pterygoidea,  A. 
buccalis,  A.  temporalis  profunda  anterior,  A. 
alvcolaris;  A.  suborbitaris,  A.  vidiana,  A. 
ptcrygirpalatina  or  pkaryngca  superior,  A. 
palatina  superior,  and  A.  sphenopalatine). 

'Furnishes,  1.  A.  ophthalmica,  which  gives  off 
A.  lachrymalis,  A.  centralis  retina?, 'A.  su- 
praorbital vcl  superciliaris,  A.  ciliares  pos- 
teriores,  A.  ciliares  longs,  A.  muscularis 
superior  et  inferior,  A.  ethmoidalis  posterior 
et  anterior,  A.  palpebralis  superior  et  infe- 
rior, A.  nasalis,  and  A.  frontalis.  2.  A.  com- 
munieans,  Willesii.  3.  A.  ehoroidea.  4.  A.  ce- 
rebralis  anterior.  5.  A.  cerebralis  media. 
Furnishes,  1.  A.  vertebrali,s,  which  gives  off 
A.  spinalis  anterior  et  posterior,  A.  cere- 
bellosa  inferior,  and  forms— by  uniting  it- 
self with  that  of  the  opposite  side— the  A. 
basilaris,  divided  into  A.  cerebellosa  supe- 
rior and  A.  cerebralis  posterior.  2.  A.  thy- 
roidal inferior,  which  gives  off  A.  cervicalis 
ascendens.  3.  A.  mammaria  interna,  which 
gives  offthe  A.  mediastina  anterior  and  A. 
diaphragmatica  superior.  4.  A.  intercostalis 
superior.  5.  A.  cervicalis  transversa.  6.  A. 
scapularis  superior.  7.  A.  cervicalis  posterior 
vel  profunda.  Farther  on,  the  subclavian 
artery  continues  i  ts  progress  under  the  name 
Jl.  axillaris. 

f  Furnishes,   1.  A.  acromialis.     2.  A.  thoracica 

I  superior.  3.  A,  thoracica  inferior  vel  longa 
vel  mammaria  externa.  4.  A.  scapularis  infe- 
rior vel  communis.  5.  A.  circumflexa  poste- 
rior, ii.  A.  circumflexa  anterior.  Farther  on, 
the  axillary  artery  continues  under  the 
name  A.  brachialis. 

Furnishes  A.  humeralis  profunda  or  collatera- 
lis  externa.  2.  A.  collateralis  interna.  It 
afterwards  divides  into  the  radial  and  cu- 
bital arteries. 

Gives  off  A.  recurrens  radialis,  A.  dorsalis 
carpi,  A.  dorsalis  metacarpi,  A.  dorsalis  pol- 
licis,  and  terminates  in  forming  the  Arcus 
palmaris  profundus. 

Gives  off  A.  recurrens  cubitalis  anterior  and 
posterior :  A.  in'erossea  anterior  and  poste- 
rior, which  latter  furnishes  ii.  recurrens  ra- 
dialis posterior.  It  terminates  in  forming 
the  superficial  palmar  arch,  which  gives  off 
(.     A.  Collattrales  dig,torum. 

c.  Arteries  given  off  by  the  Aorta  in  the  Thorax. 

f     1.  A.  Bronchica,  dextra  et  sinistra. 

J     2.  A.  ozsophage®  (to  the  number  of  four,  five, 

ai  terics 
are, 


B.  Ar- 

TERIA      . 
SUBCLA-'' 


A.  Axil- 
laris. 


A.  Bra- 
chialis. 


1  A  Ra- 
dialis. 


2.  A.  Cu- 
bualis. 


I      2.  A.  ozsophaga. 
J  or  six.) 

;      3   A.  mediaslin 


mediastina?.  posteriores. 
4.  A.  intercostales  inferiores  vel  Aoriica:  (to 
the  number  of  eight,  nine,  or  ten.) 

d.  Arteries  furnished  foj  the  Aorta  in  the  Abdo- 


"hese    (     . 
'inches  < 
ate,      ( 


The  A.  diaphragmatica  vel  phrcnica,  dcx- 
tra  et  sinistra. 

f  Which  divides  inlo  three  branches,  1.  A.  co- 
|      ronnria  ventriculi.     2.  A.  Hcputica,   which 

2.  A.  \  gives  off  A.  pylorica,  A.  gastro  epiploica 
Caliaca.  |      dextra  and  A.  cystica;  and,  lastly,  the  A. 

|     splenica,  which  gives  off  A.  gastro  epiploica 
[     sinistra  and  vasa  brevia. 

3.  A.  (  Which  gives  off  at  its  concavity  the  A.  colica 
Mcsente-\  dextra  superior,  media  et  inferior,  and  nt  iis 
nca    su-\     convex   part   from  15  to  20  Rami   intcsti- 

pcrinr.    {     nales. 

.  colica  superior  media,  and 

I  divides  into  A.  hremorrhoidales 

rica 

fcrio 

5.  The  A.  Capsulites  media:  (to  the  number  of  two  on 

each  side.) 
P.  A.  Renal: s  or  Emulgcntcs. 
7.  .*/.  Spermaticie. 

8."  A.  Lumbarcs  (to  the  number  of  four  or  five  on  each 
side.) 


jicnor.   {     nales. 

m4***#  (Which  gives  off  A. 
•  »''••''"'  '-  J  inferior, and divid 
rua    in-  \     SUpCrjores# 

fir  tor.    \ 


e.  Arteries  resulting  from  the  Bifurcation  of  the 

Aorta. 
The  Aorta,  a  little  above  its  Bifurcation,  gives  off  the  A. 
sacra  media,  and  divides  into  A.  iliaca:  primitives. 

A.  Iliaca  (.  Divides  into  A.  Iliaca  interna  and  A.  Riaca  cx- 
primili-  <  . 
va.      (terna. 

f  Furnishes,  1.  A.  ilio-lumbaris.    2.  A.  sacra  la- 
|     teralis.    3.  A.  glutea  or  iliaca  posterior.    4. 

I  A.  umbilicalis.  5.  A.  vcsicalis.  6.  A.  obtu- 
ratorea.  7.  A.  luemorrhoidaa  media.  8.  A. 
iaca  in-  {  uterina.  9.  A.  vaginalis.  10.  A.ischiatica. 
terna.  j  11.  A.  pudenda  interna,  which  gives  off  the 
A.  hemorrhoidules  inferiores,  A.  of  the  sep- 
tum, A.  transversa  perinea,  A.  corporis  ca- 
vernosi,  and  A.  dorsalis  penis. 
b.  A.  11-  C  Furnishes  1.  A.  epigastrica.  2.  A.  iliaca  an- 
iaca  ex-  <  teiior  or  circumflexa  ilii,  and  is  continued  af- 
terna.  f  terwards  under  the  name  of  Crural  Artery. 
'Furnishes,  1.  A.  subcutanca  abdominalis.  2.  A. 
pudenda  supcrficialis  and  profunda.  3.  A. 
muscularis  supcrficialis.  4.  A.  musculaiis 
A.  Cru-j  profunda,  which  givesoff  the  A.  circumflexa 
ralis.  '  externa  and  interna,  and  the  three  Perfo- 
rantes,  distinguished  into  superior,  middle, 
and  inferior.  Farther  on,  the  crural  artery 
continues  under  the  name  A.  Poplitcea. 
'  Furnishes, Y.A.  Articularcs  superior es,  interna, 
media,  et  externa.  2.  A.  gemellce.  3.  A.  ar- 
ticularcs inferiores,  interna  et  externa.  4.  A. 
A.  pop- ,  tibialis  antica,  which  at  the  foot,  takes  the 
litaea.   *)      name,  A.  dorsalis  tarsi,  and  gives  off  the 

i     tarsal  and  metatarsal  arteries     In  the  leg, 
the  popliteal  artery  divides  into  the  pero- 
neal and  posterior  tibial. 
1.  A.Pe-  I  Divides  into  A.  pcronma  antica  andA. peronaa. 
ronasa.    \     postica. 

("Divides  into  A  plantaris  interna  and  A.plan- 

a    a  rp-   \      taris  externa.    The  latter  by  anastomosing 

*"..,.     J      with  the  A.  dorsalis  tarsi,  forms  the  plantar 

la  IS    j      arch,  whence  arise  Rami  superiores  or  per- 

pos  i     .  |      forantes  postici,  R.  Inferiores  postici  et  an- 

^     flici,  which  give  off  Rami  perforantes  antici. 

ARTERY,  ANGULAR,  Facial  artery— a.  Ar- 
ticular, Circumflex  artery — a.  Central  of  the 
retina,  Central  artery  of  the  retina — a.  Central 
of  Zinn,  Central  artery  of  the  retina — a.  Ce- 
phalic, Carotid — a.  Cerebral  posterior,  Verte- 
bral— a.  Cervico-scapular,  see  Cervical  arteries 
— a.  Coronary  of  the  lips,  Labial  artery — a.  Cro- 
taphite,  Temporal  artery — a.  Fibular,  Peroneal 
artery — a.  Gastric  inferior,  Gastro-epiploic  ar- 
tery— a.  Gastro-hepatic,  see  Gastro-epiploic 
artery — a.  Genital,  Pudic  (internal)  artery — a. 
Guttural  inferior,  Thyroideal,  A.  inferior — a. 
Guttural  superior,  Thyroideal,  A.  superior — a. 
Humeral,  Brachial  artery — a.  iliac  posterior, 
Gluteal  artery — a.  lliaco-muscular, Ileo-lumbar 
artery — a.  Labial,  Facial  artery — a.  Laryngeal 
superior,  Thyroideal  artery  superior — a.  Lateral 
large,  Spheno-palatine  artery — a.  Maxillary  in- 
ternal, Facial  artery — a.  Median  of  the  sacrum, 
Sacral  artery,  anterior — a.  Palato-labial,  Facial 
artery — a.  Pericephalic,  Carotid  (external) — a 
Pharyngeal,  superior,  Pterygopalatine  artery 
— a.  Phrenic,  Diaphragmatic  artery — a.  Poste- 
rior of  the  brain,  see  Cerebral  arteries — a.  Ex- 
ternal scapular,  Acromial  artery — a.  Spinal, 
Meningeal  artery,  middle — a.  Subclavian  right, 
Innominata  arleria — a.  Subscapular,  Scapular 
artery,  inferior — a.  Supramaxillary,  Alveolar 
artery — a.  Suprarenal,  Capsular  artery — a.  Tho- 
racic, internal,  Mammary  internal — a.  Urethro- 
bulbar,  Transverse  perineal  artery — a.  Vesico- 
prostatic,  Vesical  artery — a.  Vidian,  Pterygoid 
artery. 

ARTETIS'CUS ;  from  artus, '  a  limb.'  One 
who  has  lost  a  limb. 

ARTHANI'TA,  from  agrog,  'bread:'  the 
Cyc'lamen  or  Soxcbrend.  It  was  formerly  made 
into  ointments,  with  many  other  substances, 


ARTHETICA 


76 


and  was  employed  as  a  purgative,  being  rubbed 
on  the  abdomen.  It  formed  the  JJnguen'tum 
Arthani'tx. 

Arthanita  Cyclamen,  Cyclamen. 

ARTHETICA,  Teucrium  chamaepitys. 

ARTHRALGIA,  ArthronaH  gia,  from  agSgor, 
'a  joint,'  and  alyoc,  <  pain.'     Bain  in  the  joints. 

ARTHREM'BOLUS,  from  *q9qov,  'a  joint,' 
tv,  'in,'  and  fiaXXio, '  I  cast.'  An  ancient  instru- 
ment used  in  the  reduction  of  dislocations. 

ARTHRETICA,  Teucrium  chamaepitys. 

ARTHRIT'IC,  Arthrit'icus,  from  aqdoov,'*. 
joint.'  (F.)  Artkritique,  Goutteux.  That  which 
relates  to  gout  or  arthritis,  as  arthritic  symp- 
toms, &,c. 

ARTHRITICUS  VERUS,  Gout. 

ARTHRITIS,  Gout,  Arthrosia— a.  Aberrans, 
Gout  (wandering)— a.  Acuta,  Gout  (regular)— 
a.  Arthrodynia,  Rheumatism,  chronic — a.  Ato- 
nic, Gout  (atonic)—  a.  Asthenica,  Gout  (atonic) 
— a.  Diaphragmatica,  Angina  Pectoris — a.  Er- 
ratica,  Gout  (wandering)— a.  Hydrarthros,  Hy- 
drarthrus — a.  Inflammatoria,  Gout  (regular)  — 
a.  Nodosa,  Gout  (with  nodosities) — a.  Podagra, 
Gout — a.  Rheumatismus,  Rheumatism,  acute — 
a.  Retrograda,  Gout  (retrograde.) 

ARTHROC'ACE,from  *q#q<>v,  '  a  joint,'  and 
xnxoc, '  bad.'  Disease  of  the  joints ;  and  espe- 
cially caries  of  the  articular  surfaces.  Spina 
ventosa,  (q.  v.). 

Arthrocace  Coxahum,  Coxarum  morbus. 

ARTHROCACOLOG'TA,  from  arthrocacia, 
— according  to  Rust,  a  chronic  disease  of  the 
joints;  and  foyog, '  a  description.'  The  doctrine 
of  chronic  disease  of  the  joints. 

ARTHRO'DIA,  from  oq&qov,  'a  joint,' 
Adarticula'tio.  A  moveable  joint,  formed  by 
the  head  of  a  bone  applied  to  the  surface  of  a 
shallow  socket,  so  that  it  can  execute  move- 
ments in  every  direction.  Arthrodium  ia  'a 
small  joint:'  diminutive  of  Arthrodia. 

ARTHRODYN'IA,  Arthronal'gia,  from  *q- 
■9qov,  'articulation,'  and  civvy,  'pain.'  Articu- 
lar pain.  Pain  in  the  joints.  See  Rheumatism, 
chronic. 

ARTHROL'OGY,  Arthrolog"ia,  from  aefyov, 
'a  joint,'  and  Xoyog,  'a  description.'  A  de- 
scription of  the  joints.  The  anatomy  of  the 
joints. 

ARTHROM'BOLE,  from  ao^oor,  and  p*Uu, 
'least.'  Coaptation,  reduction.  Reduction  of 
a  luxated  or  fractured  bone. 

ARTHRON,  'a  joint.'  The  ancients  used 
the  word  Art/iron,  for  the  articulation  of  bones 
with  motion,  in  opposition  to  Symphysis,  or  ar- 
ticulation without  motion. 

ARTHRONALGIA,  Arthralgia,  Arthrodynia. 

ARTHROPHLOGO'SIS,  from  aQdQov,  'a 
joint,'  and  tpXtyto,  'I  burn.'  Inflammation  of 
the  joints. 

ARTHROPUO'SIS,  from  ctQ9Qor,  'a  joint,' 
and  ttvov,  '  pus.'  Suppuration  or  abscess  of  the 
joints. 

ARTHRO-RHEUMATISMUS,  Rheumatism 
(acutej 

ARTHRO'SIA,  from  *q9oou,  'I  articulate.' 
Arthritis,  (of  some.)  Inflammation  mostly  con- 
fined to  the  joints;  severely  painful;  occasion- 
ally extending  to  the  surrounding  muscles.  A 
Teiius  of  diseases  in  the  Nosology  of  Good,  in- 
cluding Rheumatism,  Gout,  Articular  inflam- 
mation, Joint-ache,  &c. 


ARTICULATION 

Arthhosia  Acuta,  Rheumatism,  acute— a. 
Chronica,  Rheumatism,  chronic— a.  Lumboruro, 
Lumbago— a.  Podagra,  gout— a.  Podagra  com- 
plicata,  Gout  (retrograde)— a.  Podagra  larvata, 
Gout  (atonic)— a.  Podagra  regulans,  Gout 
(regular.) 

ARTHROSIS,  Articulation. 

ARTHROSPON'GUS,  from  uq9q»v, 'a  joint,' 
and  <rnoyyog,  'a  sponge.'  A  white,  fungous 
tumour  of  the  joints. 

ARTIA.  According  to  some,  this  word  is 
synonymous  with  aor^Qia.;  others  use  it  syno- 
nymously with  Trachea. 

ART1CHAUT.  Cynara  scolymus. 

ARTICHOKE,  Cynara  scolymua. 

ARTICLE,  Articulation. 

ARTICOCALUS,  Cynara  scolymus. 

ARTICULAR,  Arliculdris:  from  artus,  <a 
joint;'  articulus,  'a  small  joint.'  That  which 
relates  to  the  articulations; — as  the  articular 
capsules,  &c. 

Artic'ular  Ar'teries  of  the  Knee  arise 
from  the  popliteal  artery,  and  surround  the 
tibio-femoral  articulation.  Although  of  a  small 
size,  they  are  important,  as  they  furnish  blood 
to  the  lower  extremity  after  the  operation  for 
popliteal  aneurism.  They  are  distinguished 
into  superior  and  inferior.  The  superior  articu- 
lar arteries,  popliteal  articular  arteries,  are  com- 
monly three  in  number:  one  of  which  is  inter- 
nal, another  external,  and  another  middle.  The 
first  anastomoses  by  one  branch  with  the  ex- 
ternal circumflex;  and  by  another  with  the  ex- 
ternal superior  articular.  The  second  anasto- 
moses with  the  external  circumflex,  the  superior 
internal  articular,  and  the  inferior  external  ar- 
ticular ;  and  the  third  is  distributed  within  the 
joint.  The  inferior  articular  arteries  are  two  ia 
number:  an  internal  and  external.  The  former 
anastomoses  with  the  internal  superior  articu- 
lar and  the  external  inferior  articular.  The 
latter  anastomoses  with  the  recurrent  branch 
of  the  anterior  tibial,  and  the  external  superior 
articular. 

Artic'ular  Facettes  are  the  contiguous 
surfaces,  by  means  of  which  the  bones  are  ar- 
ticulated. 

Artic'ular  Veins  of  the  knee  follow  the 
same  course  as  the  arteries. 

ARTICULA'TION,  Joint,  Articula'tio,  Ar- 
thro1 'sis,  Assarth.ro' sis,  Artid 'ulus ,Junctu 'ra,  Cola, 
Conjunc'tio,  JVodus,  Commissu'ra,  Compages, 
Syntaafis.  (F.)  Articulation,  Article.  Same  ety- 
mon. The  union  of  bones  with  each  other,  as 
well  as  the  kind  of  union. 

table  of    articulations. 
Articulations  are  generally  divided  into  Diar- 
throses  or  moveable   articulations,  and  Synar- 
throses or  immoveable. 

f  I.  Amphiarthroses. 
I  2.  Diarthros'  s,  Orbicu-  (  Enartlirosis. 
Diarthroses.   -J         lar  vajiue.  \  Arthrodia. 

I  3.  Alternative  or  Ginglymus,  which  ad- 
(         mit9  of  varieties. 

!1.  Suture. 
%  Harmony. 
3.  Goroph'ises. 
4.  Schindylesis. 
The  articulations  are  subject  to  a  number  of 
diseases,  which  are  generally  somewhat  severe. 
These   may  be  physical,  as   wounds,  sprains, 
luxations,  &c;  or  they  may  be  organic,  as  an- 
kyloses, extraneous  bodies,  caries,  rheumatism, 
gout,  hydrarthroses,  arthropuosis,  &c 


ARTICULATION  EN  CHARNlkRE       77 


ASAPHATUM 


Articulation  means  also  the  combination  of 
letters  which  constitute  words.     See  Voice. 

Articulation,  False,  Pseudar thro' sis,  Ar- 
tic'ulus  falsus,  (F.)  A.  fausse,  A.  accidentdle, 
A.  contre  nature,  A.  anormule.  A  false  joint, 
formed  between  fragments  of  bone,  that  have 
remained  ununited  ;  or  between  a  luxated  bone 
and  the  surrounding  parts. 

ARTICULATION  EN  CHARNlkRE,  Gin- 
glymus — a.  de  la  Hanche,  Coxo-femoral  articu- 
lation. 

ARTICULI  DIGITORUM  MANUS,  Pha- 
langes of  the  fingers — a.  Digitorum  pedis,  Pha- 
langes of  the  toes. 

ARTIFICIAL,  Artificia'lis.  (F.)  Artificiel; 
from  ars,  artis,  '  art,'  and  facere,  '  to  make.' 
That  which  is  formed  by  art. 

Artificial  Eyes  are  usually  made  of  enamel, 
and  represent  a  sort  of  hollow  hemisphere, 
which  is  applied  beneath  the  eyelids,  when 
the  eye  is  lost. 

Artificial  Teeth  are  teeth  made  of  ivory, 
porcelain,  &c. 

PltCES  DANATOMIE  ART1FICIELLES 
are  preparations  of  anatomy,  modelled  in  wax, 
plaster,  paper,  &c. 

ARTISCOCCUS  L^EVIS,Cynara  scolymus. 

ART1SCUS,  from  aqrog,  'bread.'  See  tro- 
chiscus.  A  troch  of  the  shape  of  a  small  loaf. 
Also,  and  especially,  a  troch  made  of  vipers. 

ARTOCAR'EUS.  The  Bread-fruit  Tree.  (F.) 
Jaquier.  A  Polynesian  tree,  so  called  because 
the  fruit,  which  is  milky  and  juicy,  supplies 
the  place  of  bread  to  the  inhabitants.  It  grows 
to  the  height  of  40  feet. 

Artocarpus  Integrifolia,  Caoutchouc. 

ARTOC'REAS.  from  uqtos,  'bread,'  and 
xotug,  'flesh.'  A  kind  of  nourishing  food  made 
of  various  aliments  boiled  together. —  Galen. 

ARTOG'ALA,  from  uorog,  'bread,'  and  y-*.lu, 
'  milk.'  An  alimentary  preparation  of  bread 
and  milk.     A  poultice. 

ARTOM'ELI,  from  goto?,  <  bread,'  and  peJU, 
'  honey.'  A  cataplasm  of  bread  and  honey. 
Galen. 

ARTUS,  Mernbrum. 

ARTYMA,  Condiment. 

ARUM,  A.  maculatum,  and  A.  triphyllum. — 
a.Americanum  beta3foliis,Dracontium  foetidum. 

Arum  Dracun'culus,  Dracun'culus  poly- 
phyl'lus,  Colubri'na  Dracon'tia,  Erva  de  Sancta 
Maria.  Gig'arus  scrpenta'ria,  Arum  polypltyl' '- 
ium,  Scrpenta'ria  Gallo'rum.  Family,  Aroidea?. 
Sex.  Syst.  Monoecia  Polyandria.  The  roots  and 
leaves  are  very  acrimonious.  The  plant  resem- 
bles the  A.  macula'tum,  in  its  properties. 

Arum  Esculen'tum,  Cala'dium  esculen'tum, 
Taro.  The  foliage  and  roots  possess  acrid 
qualities,  which  are  dissipated  by  baking  or 
boiling;  in  which  form  it  is  used  as  food  by  the 
people  of  Madeira,  the  Polynesians,  &c. 

Arum  Macula'tum,  Arum  (of  the  older  wri- 
ters) Cuckow  Pint,  BarbaAaro'nis,  Serpenta'ria 
minor,  Zin' giber  German'icum,  Wake  Robin.  (F.) 
Gouet,  Pied  de  Veau.  The  fresh  root  is  stimu- 
lant internally.  Dose,  h)j.  of  the  dried  root. 
Externally,  it  is  very  acrid.  From  the  root  of 
this  Arum  a  starch  is  prepared,  which  is  called 
Portland  Island  Sago,  Gersa  serpcnta'rise,  Cerus1- 
sa  serpentu'rix,  Fec'ula  ari  macula' ti. 

Arum,  Three-leaved,  Arum  triphyllum. 

Arum  Triphyl'lum,  Three-leaved  arum,  (F.) 
Fied-dc-  Veau  tripliylle,  Indian  Turnip,  Dragon 


Root,  Dragon  Turnip,  Pepper  Turnip.  This 
plant  grows  all  over  the  United  States,  and 
is  received  into  the  Pharmacopoeia  under  the 
title  of  Arum.  The  recent  root,  or  Cormus — 
Arum,  (Ph.  U.  S.) — is  very  acrimonious,  and 
has  been  employed  in  asthma,  croup,  and  hoop- 
ing-cough. Boiled  in  lard,  it  has  been  used  in 
tinea  capitis,  and  in  milk  in  consumption. 

ARUMAR1,  Caramata. 

ARUNDO  BAMBOS,  Bamboo— a.  Brachii 
major,  Ulna — a.  Brachii  minor,  Radius — a.  In- 
dica,  Sagittarium  alexipharmacum — a.  Major, 
Tibia — a.  Minor,  Fibula— a.  Saccharifera,  see 
Saccharum. 

ARVUM,  Vulva — a.  Naturae,  Uterus. 

ARY-ARYTENOID./EUS,  Arytenoidseus— 
a.-epiglotticus,  Arytasno-epiglolticus. 

ARYT^E'NA,  upv.Taiva,  'a  ladle.'     Hence, 

ARYT.E'NO-EPIGLOT'TICUS.  Arytslno- 
epiglottidas'us,  Ary-epig/otticus.  That  which  be- 
longs to  the  arytenoid  cartilages  and  epiglottis. 
Winslow  gives  this  name  to  small,  fleshy  fasci- 
culi, which  are  attached,  at  one  extremity,  to 
the  arytenoid  cartilages,  and,  by  the  other,  to 
the  free  edge  of  the  epiglottis.  These  fibres  do 
not  always  exist.  They  form  part  of  the  ary- 
tenoid muscle  of  modern  anatomists. 

A  R  YT'ENOID,  Arytanel'des,  Arytenoids' us, 
from  aqvTuua,  'a  ladle,'  and  udog,  'shape.' 
Ladle-shaped. 

Arvt'enoid  Car'tilages,  Cartilag"ines  ary- 
tenoi'des,  C.  guttura'/es,  C.  gutturi'na,  C.  gut- 
turifor'mes,  C.  triq'uetroe,  Guttur'nia,  are  two 
cartilages  of  the  larynx,  situate  posteriorly 
above  the  cricoid,  and  which,  by  approximation, 
diminish  the  aperture  of  the  glottis.  Their 
upper  extremities  or  cornuaare  turned  towards 
each  other,  and  are  now  and  then  found  loose, 
in  the  form  of  appendices,  which  are  consi- 
dered, by  some,  as  distinct  cartilages,  and  termed 
cuneiform  or  tuberculated  Cartilages,  or  Cornid- 
nh  Laryn'gis. 

Aryt'enoid  Glands,  Glan' dulse  Arijtenoldse'se, 
are  small,  glandular,  whitish  bodies,  situate  an- 
terior to  the  A.  cartilages.  They  pour  out  a 
mucous  fluid  to  lubricate  the  larynx. 

ARYTENOID^E'US.  (F.)  Arylenoidien.  A 
small  muscle,  which  passes  from  one  arytenoid 
cartilage  to  the  other,  by  its  contraction  brings 
them  together,  and  diminishes  the  aperture  of 
the  glottis.  Winslow  divided  the  muscle  into 
three  portions; — the  Arytenoids' us  transver'sus, 
or  Ary-arytenoidasus,  and  two  Ari/tenoidse'i  oblif- 
qui. 

ARYTH'M,  Aryth'mus,  from  a,  privative,  and 
ovduog,  'rythm,'  'measure.'  Irregular.  This 
word  is  applied  chiefly  to  the  pulse. 

ASA,  Asafoetida. 

ASAFGE'TIDA,  Assafcc'tida,  Stercus  diuh'oli, 
Asa,  Devil's  dung.  A  gum  resin — the  concrete 
juice  of  the  Fer'ula  Assafastida.  Order,  Um- 
bellifera?.  It  is  in  small  masses  of  a  whitish, 
reddish,  and  violet  hue,  adhering  together. 
Taste  bitter  and  subacrid:  smell  insupportably 
alliaceous.  The  Asiatics  use  it  regularly  as  a 
condiment. 

Its  medical  properties  are  antispasmodic,  sti- 
mulant, and  anthelmintic.  Uose,  gr.  v.  to  xx, 
in  pill. 

AS'APES,  'crude,'  Ascp'ton.  A  term  ap- 
plied to  the  sputa,  or  to  other  matters  evacu- 
ated, which  do  not  give  signs  of  coction. 

ASAPH'ATUM,  from  a,  privative,  and  trayi^g, 


ASAPHIA 


73 


ASCLEP1AS  PROCERA 


'clear.'  This  term  has  been  applied  to  collec- 
tions in  the  sebaceous  follicles  of  the  skin, 
which  may  be  pressed  out  like  little  worms, 
with  a  black  head.     See  Acne. 

ASAPH  FA,  from  «,  privative,  and  aaipr^, 
'clear.'  Dyspho'nia  immodulafta  palati'na,  Pa- 
rapho'nia  gutlura'lis;  P.  palati'na.  Defective 
articulation,  dependent  upon  diseased  palate. — 
Hippocr.,  Vogel. 

ASARABACCA,  Asarum— a.  Broad-leaved, 
Asarum  Canadense. 

ASAR'CON,  from  «,  privative,  and  oa$, 
'flesh.'  Devoid  of  flesh.  Aristotle  uses  the 
term  for  the  head  when  it  is  but  little  fleshy, 
compared  with  the  chest  and  abdomen. 

ASA  RET,  Asarum— a.  du  Canada,  Asarum 
Canadense. 

ASARI'TES,  from  aoaoov,  'the  asarum.'  A 
diuretic  wine,  of  which  asarum  was  an  ingre- 
dient.— Dioscorides. 

AS'ARUM,  from  a,  privative,  and  aaiqtiv,1  to 
adorn:'  because  not  admitted  into  the  ancient 
coronal  wreaths;  As1  arum  Europas'um,  JVardus 
Monta'na,  Nardus  Rnst'ica,  Azarum.  (F.)  Asa- 
ret  ou  Cabaret,  Oreille  d'homme,  Oreillette,  Gi- 
rard-Roussin,  JVard  Sauvage.  Fam.  Aroideae. 
Sex.  Syst.  Dodecandria  Monogynia.  The  plant, 
used  in  medicine,  is  the  As'arvm  Europse'um, 
Asarabadca,  and  of  this  the  leaves.  They  are 
emetic,  cathartic,  and  errhine,  but  are  hardly 
ever  employed,  except  for  the  last  purpose. 

A'sarum  Canaden'se,  A.  Carolinia'num,  Ca- 
nada Snakeroot,  Wild  Ginger,  Colt's  Foot,  Broad- 
leaf  Asarabacca,  Indian  Ginger,  Heart  Snake- 
root.  (F.)  Asaret  du  Canada.  The  root  As'arum 
(Ph.  U.  S.)  is  used  as  a  substitute  for  ginger, 
and  is  said  to  act  as  a  warm  stimulant  and  dia- 
phoretic. 

Asarum  Carolinianum,  A.  Canadense. 

ASBESTOS  SCALL,  See  Eczema  of  the 
hairy  scalp. 

ASCAIN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  As- 
cain  is  a  village,  situate  about  a  league  from  St. 
Jean-de-Luz  in  France.  The  water  is  a  cold 
chalybeate. 

ASCARDAMYC'TES,  from  a,  privative,  and 
axaQdafivrro),  '  I  twinkle  the  eyes.'  One  who 
stares  with  fixed  eyes,  and  without  moving  the 
eyelids. — Hippocr. 

ASCAR1C1DA  ANTHELM1NTICA.  Ver- 
nonia  anthelmintica. 

ASCARIDE  LVMBRICO'lDE  Ascaris  lum- 
bricoides — a.  Vermiculaire,  Ascaris  vermicularis. 

AS'CARIS,  pi.  ASCAR'IDES,  from  aaxa- 
Qitw,  'I^leap.'  A  genus  of  intestinal  worms, 
characterized  by  a  long,  cylindrical  body,  ex- 
tenuated at  the  extremities;  and  having  a  mouth 
furnished  with  three  tubercles,  from  which  a 
very  short  tube  is  sometimes  seen  issuing.  For- 
merly, there  were  reckoned  two  varieties  of  the 
Ascaris — the  As'caris  lumbricoi' des,  Lumbri'cus, 
L.  teres  hom'inis,  As'caris  gigas  hom'inis,  (F.) 
Lombrico'ide,  Ascaride  lombrico'ide,  Lombric,  L. 
Teres,  or  long  round  worm;  and  the  As'caris  Ver- 
mieufo'ris — the  Ascaris  proper — the  thread  worm 
or  maw  worm.  The  former  is  alone  included 
under  the  genus,  at  present — a  new  genus 
havinnr  been  formed  of  the  A.  vermicularis  un- 
der the  name  Oxyuris.  It  is  the  Oxyu"ris  ver- 
micula'ris,  (F.)  Ascaride,  A.  vermiculaire,  Oxyure 
vermicuhire.         r 

A  new  species  of  entozoa  has  been  found  by 
Dr.  Bellingham,  the  As'caris  ala'ta. 


Ascaris  Alata,  See  Ascaris— a.  Trichuria, 
Tricocephalus. 

AS'CELES  or  AS'KELES,  Carcns  cru'nbus, 
from  a,  privative,  and  oxtlos,  '  a  leg.'  One  who 
has  no  legs. 

ASCELLA,  Axilla. 

ASCEN'DENS,  from  asccndere,  {ad  and 
scandere,)  'to  ascend.'  (F.)  Ascendant.  Parts 
are  thus  called,  which  are  supposed  to  arise 
in  a  region  lower  than  that  where  they  ter- 
minate. Thus,  Aorta  ascendens,  is  the  aorta 
from  its  origin  to  the  arch:  Vena  cava  ascen- 
dens, the  large  vein,  which  carries  the  blood 
from  the  inferior  parts  to  the  heart;  Obliquus 
ascendens  (muscle,)  the  lesser  oblique  muscle 
of  the  abdomen,  &c. 

ASCEN'SUS  MORBI.  The  period  of  in- 
crease of  a  disease. 

ASCESIS,  Exercise. 

ASCHIL,  Scilla. 

ASCHISTODACTYLUS,  Syndac'tylus:  from 
a,  privative,  a^iarog,  'cleft;'  and  dax.TvXog,  'a 
finger.'  A  monster  whose  fingers  are  not  se- 
parated from  one  another. —  Gurlt. 

ASCIA,  Axine,  '  an  axe,'  Sccpar'nos,  Dola- 
bra,  Fas'cia  spira'lis.  Name  of  a  bandage  men- 
tioned by  Hippocrates  and  Galen,  and  figured 
by  Scultetus,  in  the  shape  of  an  axe  or  hatchet. 
— Galen.     See  Doloire. 

ASCILLA,  Axilla. 

ASCFTES,  from  aaxo;,  '  a  bottle:'— Aski'tes, 
Hydroce'le  Peritonei,  Hy' drops  Abdom'inis,  Htj- 
drogas'ter,  Ascli'tes.  Dropsy  of  the  lower  belly. 
Dropsy  of  the  Peritonc'um.  (F.)  Ascite,  Hydro- 
peritonie,  Hydropisie  du  Bas-ventre.  A  collec- 
tion of  serous  fluid  in  the  abdomen.  Ascites 
proper  is  dropsy  of  the  peritoneum ;  and  is  cha- 
racterized by  increased  size  of  the  abdomen, 
by  fluctuation  and  the  general  signs  of  dropsy. 
It  is  rarely  a  primary  disease;  but  is  always 
dangerous,  and  but  little  susceptible  of  cure. 
Most  generally,  it  is  owing  to  obstructed  circu- 
lation in  some  of  the  viscera,  or  to  excitement 
of  the  vessels  of  the  abdominal  organs.  The 
treatment  is  essentially  the  same  as  that  of 
other  dropsies.  Paracentesis,  when  had  re- 
course to,  can  only  be  regarded  as  a  palliative. 

Ascites  Hepato-Cysticus,  Turgescentia  ve- 
sicular fellece — a.  Ovarii,  Hydrops  ovarii — a.  Sac- 
catus,  Hydroarion,  Hydrops  ovarii. 

ASCLEPIADE,  Asclepias  Vincetoxicura. 

ASCLEP1AS  ASTHMAT'ICA.  (F.)  Ipeca- 
cuanha blunc  de  Vile  de  France.  A  creeping 
plant  of  the  Isle  of  France,  regarded  as  a  spe- 
cific in  asthma. 

Asclepias  Curassav'ica.  The  leaves  are 
emetic  in  the  dose  of  one  or  two  scruples.  Jt 
is  the  Ipecacuanha  blanc  of  St.  Domingo. 

Asclepias  Decum'bens,  the  root.  Escharc- 
tic,  cathartic,  sudorific,  diuretic. 

Asclepias,  Flesh-coloured,  A.  Incarnata. 

Asclepias  Gig  ante'a.  The  milky  juice  is  very 
caustic.  It  is  used  in  Malabar  against  herpes; 
and,  mixed  with  oil,  in  gout.     See  Mudar. 

Ascle'pias  Incarna'ta,  Flesh-coloured  as- 
clepias. The  root  of  this  plant,  which  grows 
in  all  parts  of  the  United  States,  has  the  same 
virtues  as  the  A.  Syriaca. 

Asclepias  Proc"era  (?)  Beidelossar;  Beidel- 
sar.  An  Egyptian  plant,  the  leaves  of  which 
are  made  into  a  plaster,  and  applied  to  indolent 
tumours.  The  milky  juice  is  caustic,  and  is 
used  as  such. 


ASCLEPIAS  PSEUDOSARSA 


79 


ASPHYXIA 


Asclepias  Pseudosarsa,  Hemidesmus  Indi- 
cus. 

Asclp.pias  Syriaca,  Common  SifJaceed,  Milk 
Weed,  (F.)  Hcrhe  a  la  houette.  The  cortical 
part  of  the  root  has  been  given,  in  powder,  in 
asthmatic  and  pulmonic  affections  in  general, 
and,  it  is  said,  with  success. 

Ascle'pias  Tubeho'sa,  Butterfly  Weed,  Pleu- 
risy Root,  Flax  Root,  Wind  Root,  White  Root, 
Orange  Swalloio  Root,  Silk  Weed,  Canada  Root, 
Orange  Apod'ynum,  Tuberous  Rooted  Swal'loic 
Wort.  Ant.  Ord.  AsclepiadeaB.  Sex.  Syst.  Pen- 
tandria  Digynia.  Said  to  have  been  first  re- 
commended by  AoxXtjTiiadri?.  In  Virginia  and 
the  Carolinas,  the  root  of  this  plant  has  been 
long  celebrated  as  a  remedy  in  pneumonic 
affections.  It  is  sudorific,  and  the  powder  acts 
as  a  mild  purgative.  Its  chief  powers  are  said 
to  be  expectorant,  diaphoretic,  and  febrifuge. 
It  is  occasionally  given  to  relieve  pains  of  the 
stomach  from  flatulence  and  indigestion. 

Asclepias  Vincetox'icum,  Cynan'chum  Vin- 
cetox'icum,  Vincetox'icum  Jl/poc"ynum  Nova  An'- 
glix  hirsu'tum,&c.  Swallow  Wort,  White  Swal- 
low Wort,  (F.)  Asclcpiade,  Dompte-venin.  The 
root  is  said  to  be  stimulant,  diuretic,  and  em- 
menagogue,  but  is  hardly  ever  used.  It  is 
called  also,  Hirundina'ria. 

ASCLITES,  Ascites. 

ASCO'MA,  from  aor.og, « a  bottle.'  The  emi- 
nence of  the  pubes  at  the  period  of  puberty  in 
females. — Rufus  of  Ephesus. 

ASE,  Anxiety. 

ASELL1,  Onisci  aselli. 

ASELLUS,  Oniscus. 

ASE'MA  CRISIS,  y.man;  ao^ua,  from  «,  pri- 
vative, and  ortua,  *  a  sign.'  A  crisis  occurring 
unexpectedly  and  without  the  ordinary  precur- 
sory signs. 

ASEPTON,  Asapes. 

ASH,  BITTER,  Quassia. 

Ash  Tree,  Fraxinus  excelsior— a.  Mountain, 
Sorbus  acuparia — a.  Prickly,  Aralia  spiposa, 
Xanthoxylum  clava  Herculis — a. Prickly, shrub- 
by, Xanthoxylum  fraxineum. 

ASIT'IA,  from  a,  privative,  and  otrog,  'food.' 
Abstinence  from  food  (q.  v.)    Want  of  appetite. 

ASJAGAN,  As'jogam.  An  Indian  tree,  the 
juice  of  whose  leaves,  mixed  with  powdered 
cumin  seeds,  is  employed  in  India  in  colic. 

ASJOGAM,  Asjagan. 

ASKELES,  Asceles. 

ASKITES,  Ascites. 

ASPALASO'MUS,  from  aortaXa;,  'a  mole,' 
and  awfia,  'body.'  A  genus  of  monsters  in 
which  there  is  imperfect  development  of  the 
eyes.— 1.  G.  St.  Hilaire. 

ASPALTUM,  Asphaltum. 

ASPARAG1NE.     See  Asparagus. 

ASO'DES,  Asso'des,  from  aoij,  'disgust,' 
'satiety.'  A  fever  accompanied  with  anxiety 
and  nausea.     Fe'bris  aso'des  vel  uzo'des. 

ASPAR'AGUS,  Aspar'agus  officinalis,  Com- 
mon Asparagus,  Spar'agus,  Sparrow  Grass, 
Grass.  Nat.  Ord.  Asphodelese.  Sex.  Syst.  Hex- 
andria  Monogynia.  Aspar'agi  officinalis  Tu- 
rio'ncs.  (F.)  Aspcrge.  The  fresh  roots  are 
diuretic,  perhaps  owing  to  the  immediate, 
crystallizable  principle,  Jisparagine.  The  young 
shoots  are  a  well  known  and  esteemed  vegeta- 
ble diet.  They  communicate  a  peculiar  odour 
to   the   urine.     A  syrup   made  of  the  young 


shoots  and  an  extract  of  the  roots  has  been 
recommended  as  a  sedative  in  heart  affections. 

ASPA'SIA.  A  ball  of  wood  soaked  in  an 
infusion  of  galls,  and  used  by  females  for  con- 
stringing  the  vagina. 

ASPEiN,  AMERICAN,  Populus  tremuloides 
— a.  European,  Populus  tremula. 

JiSPERGE,  Asparagus. 

ASPER1TAS  ARTERIiE  ASPER.E,  Rau- 
cedo. 

ASPERITY  DES  PAUPlERES,  Trachoma. 

ASPER'ITY,  Asper'itas,  roughness.  Aspe- 
rities are  inequalities  on  the  surfaces  of  bones, 
which  often  serve  for  the  insertion  of  fibrous 
organs. 

ASPERMATIS'MUS,  from  a,  privative,  and 
OTitQua,  'sperm.'  Reflux  of  sperm  from  the 
urethra  into  the  bladder,  during  the  venereal 
orgasm. 

ASPERSIO,  Catapasma,  Fomentation. 

ASPER'SION,  Asper'sio,  from  aspergerc  (ad 
and  spargere,)  (F.)  Arrosement.  Act  of  sprink- 
ling or  pouring  a  liquid  gultatim  over  a  wound, 
ulcer,  &c. 

ASPERULA,  Galium  aparine. 

Asper'ula  Odora'ta,  Matrisyl'va,  Hcpat'ica 
stclla'ta,  (F.J  Asptrule  odorantc  ou  Muguet  des 
hois,  Hipatique  btoilte.  Fam.  Rubiaceae.  Sex.  Syst. 
Tetrandria  Monogynia.  Sweet-scented  Woodroqf. 
Said  to  be  diuretic,  deobstruent,  tonic,  and  vul- 
nerary. 

ASPERULE  ODORANTE,  Asperula  odorata. 

ASPHALTl'TES,  same  etymon  as  asphal- 
tum. A  name  given  by  some  to  the  last  lum- 
bar vertebra. — Gorraus. 

ASPHAL'TUM,  Ncp'la,  Arsal'tos,  Aspal'tum, 
from  aaifaXitav,  '  to  strengthen.'  With  the 
Greeks,  this  word  signified  any  kind  of  bitu- 
men. It  is  now  restricted  chiefly  to  the  Bit'- 
umen  of  ivDS.\,B.Juda'icum,A.sol'idum,Jew,s 
Pitch,  or  Karabl  of  Sodom.  (F.)  Jisphalte.  It 
is  solid,  friable,  vitreous,  black,  shining,  in- 
flammable, and  of  a  fetid  smell.  An  oil  is  ob- 
tained from  it  by  distillation.  It  enters  into  the 
composition  of  certain  ointments  and  plasters. 

It  is  collected  on  the  surface  of  the  water  of 
the  Dead  Sea,  or  Lake  Asphaltites,  in  Judaea. 

ASPHARINE,  Galium  aparine. 

ASPHOD'ELUS  RAMO'SUS,  Jlsphodclus, 
A.  Alius,  A.  Maris,  Has' tula  Regis.  (F.)  Lis 
asphodele.  The  bulbs  of  this  southern  Euro- 
pean plant  have  an  acrimony,  which  they  lose 
in  boiling  water.  They  contain  a  fecula  with 
which  bread  has  been  made,  and  have  been 
considered  diuretic.  They  have  been  used  as  a 
succedaneum  for  the  squill. 

ASPHYX'IA.from  a,priv.,  and  (r^uJi?,' pulse,' 
Defedtus  Pulsus,  Acrotis'mos.  For  a  long  time, 
Asphyxia  was  confined  to  the  sense  of  '  sus- 
pension of  circulation  or  Syncope,'  (q.  v.)  It 
now  generally  means  suspended  animation, 
produced  by  the  nonconversion  of  the  venous 
blood  of  the  lungs  into  arterial  blood,  Apna'a, 
(q.  v.)  Apneus' tia,  Jlpnasphijz'ia,  Anhamato' - 
sia,  Ec'lysis  pneumo-cardi'aca.  Owing  to  the 
supply  of  air  being  cut  off*,  the  unchanged  ve- 
nous blood  of  the  pulmonary  artery  passes  into 
the  minute  radicles  of  the  pulmonary  veins,  but 
their  peculiar  irritability  requiring  arterial  blood 
to  excite  them,  stagnation  takes  place  in  the 
pulmonary  radicles,  and  death  occurs  chiefly 
from  this  cause, — not  owing  to  venous  blood 
being  distributed  through  the  system,  and  '  poi 


ASPHYXIA 


80 


ASTHENIA 


eoning*  it,  as  was  the  idea  of  Bichat.  Cams 
asphyx'ia,Mors  appa'rens,Mors  putati'va,  Pseudo- 
tlian'atos,  Apparent  death,  Mort  apparente,  is 
characterized  by  suspension  of  respiration,  of 
the  cerebral  functions,  &c.  Several  varieties 
of  Asphyxia  have  been  designated. 

1.  AsFHYX'lA  OF    THE    NeW-BoRN,    A.  nCOllCl- 

to'rum.  This  is  often  dependent  upon  the 
feeble  condition  of  the  infant,  not  permitting 
respiration  to  be  established. 

2.  Asphyx'ia  by  Noxious  Inhala'tion,  or 
inhalation  of  gases,  some  of  which  cause  death 
by  producing  a  spasmodic  closure  of  the  glot- 
tis: others  by  the  want  of  oxygen,  and  others 
axe  positively  deleterious  or  poisonous. 

3.  Asphyx'ia  by  Strangula'tion  or  Suffoca'- 
tion;  produced  by  mechanical  impediment  to 
respiration,  as  in  strangulation. 

4.  Asphyx'ia  by  Submer'sion,  A.  by  Droicn- 
ing,  A.  Immcrso'rum,  as  occurs  in  the  drowned, 
who  perish  in  consequence  of  the  medium  in 
which  they  are  plunged  being  unfit  for  respi- 
ration.    See  Submersion. 

Mr.  Chevalier  has  used  the  term  Asphyx'ia 
Idiopalh'ica,  for  fatal  syncope  owing  to  relaxa- 
tion of  the  heart.     See  Suffocation. 

Asphyxia  Immersorum,  A.  by  submersion — 
a.  Local.  See  Gangrene — a.  Neonatorum,  A. 
of  the  new-born. 

ASPHYXIE  DES  PARTIES,  Gangrene— a. 
lente  des  nouveau-nds,  Induration  of  the  cellu- 
lar tissue. 

ASPHYX'lED,  same  etymon.  In  a  state  of 
asphyxia. 

ASPIC,  Aspis;  also,  Lavendula. 

ASPIDISCOS,  Sphincter  ani  externus. 

ASPlDIUMCORIACEUM,Calaguals!  radix 
— a.  Filix  fcemina,  Asplenium  filix  fcemina — a. 
Filix  mas,  Polypodium  filix  mas, 

ASP1RATIO,  Inspiration. 

ASP1  RATION,  Adspira'tio,  Aspira'tio,  from 
aspira're  (ad  and  spirare)  'to  breathe.'  The 
French  sometimes  use  the  term  synonymously 
with  inspiration.  It  also  means  the  act  of  at- 
tracting or  sucking  like  a  purnp.  Imbibition, 
(q.  v.)  Also,  the  pronunciation  of  a  vowel 
with  a  full  breath. 

ASPIS,  acinic.  A  name  given  by  the  an- 
cients to  a  venomous  serpent — the  JEgyptian 
viper  of  Lacfepede.  (F.)  Aspic.  Its  bite  is  very 
dangerous,  and  it  is  supposed  to  have  been  the 
reptile  which  Cleopatra  used  for  her  destruction. 

ASPLE'NIUM,  from  a,  priv.,and  anl^v, '  the 
spleen.'     Sp/eenwort,  Miltwasle. 

Asple'nium  Cet'erach,  Doradil'la,  Blech- 
mim  squamo'sum,  Scolopen'dria,  Atliy'rion,  Cet'- 
erach offtcina'rum.  (F.)  Doradille.  Supposed 
to  be  subastringent  and  mucilaginous,  and  has 
been  recommended  as  a  pectoral.  It  has  also 
been  given  in  calculous  cases. 

Asple'nium  Filix  Fce'mina,  Polypo'dium filix 
fcemina,  Aspidium  filix  fcemina,  Athyrium  filix 
fcemina,  Female  fern,  (F.)  Fouqire  femelle. 
The  root  of  this  plant  resembles  that  of  the 
male  fern,  and  is  said  to  possess  similar  anthel- 
mintic virtues.  The  name  female  fern  is  also 
given  to  the  Pteris  aqidlina,  (q.  v.) 

Asple'nium  Ruta  Mura'ria,  A.  mura'le,  Pa- 
ronychia, Wallrue,  White  Maidenhair,  Tenticort, 
Adian'tum  album,  Ruta  mura'ria,  Salvia  Vitse. 
(F.)  Rue  des  mur allies,  Sauvcvie.  Used  in  the 
same  cases  as  the  last. 

Asple'nium  Scolopen'diuum, Scolopen'drium 


officina'rum,  Hart's  Tongue,  Splccmcort,  Pliylh  - 
lis,  Lin  vita  cervi'na,  Blecknum  hgnifo  hum.  (F.) 
Scolopcndre,  Langue  de  cerf.  Properties  like 
the  last.  .        '; 

Asple'nium  Trichomanoi  des,  A.  I rictioni  • 
anes,  Calliphy' 'turn,  Trichom'anes,  Adian'tum  ru- 
brum,  Common  Maidenhair,  Polyl'ricum  com- 
mu'nS,   (F.)  Polytric.     Properties  like  the  last. 

ASPREDO,  Trachoma — a.  Miliacea,  Miliary 
fever. 

ASPRELE,  Hippuris  Vulgaris. 

ASSA  DOUX,  Benjamin — a.  Dulcis,  Benja- 
min—a. Odorata,  Benjamin. 

ASSABA.  A  Guinea  shrub  whose  leaves  are 
considered  capable  of  dispersing  buboes. 

ASSAFCETIDA,  Asafostida. 

ASSA1ERET.  A  compound  of  bitter,  sto- 
machic, and  purgative  medicines  in  the  form  of 
pill. — Avicenna. 

ASSAISOJYJVEMENT,  Condiment. 

ASSAKUR,  Saccharum. 

ASSALA.    See  Myristica  moschata. 

ASSARTHROSIS,  Articulation. 

ASSA'TIO,  Opte'sis.  The  boiling  of  food  or 
medicines  in  their  own  juice,  without  the  addi- 
tion of  any  liquid.  Various  kinds  of  cooking 
by  heat. — Galen. 

ASSELLA,  Axilla. 

AS'SERAC,  Assis.  A  preparation  of  opium 
or  of  some  narcotic,  used  by  the  Turks  as  an 

ASSERCULUM.  Splint. 

ASSERVATWJY,  Conservation. 

AS'SIDENS,  from  ad,  'to,'  and  sedere,  'to 
be  seated.'  That  which  accompanies  or  is  con- 
comitant. An  epithet  applied  to  the  accessory 
symptoms  and  general  phenomena  of  disease. 

ASSIMILATION,  Assimila'tio,  Apprnpria'- 
lio,  Exomoid sis ,  Homoio'sis,  Threpsis,  Thrtp'- 
ticS:  from  assimilare,  (ad  and  simi/are,)  '  to  ren- 
der similar.'  The  act  by  which  living  bodies 
appropriate  and  transform  into  their  own  sub- 
stance matters  with  which  they  may  be  placed 
in  contact.  In  man,  assimilation  is  a  function 
of  nutrition. 

ASSIS,  Asserac. 

AS'SIUS  LAPIS,  A'sius  Lapis.  A  sort  of 
stone  or  earth  found  near  the  town  of  Assa  in 
the  Troad,  which  had  the  property  of  destroying 
proud  flesh. 

ASSODES,  Asodes. 

ASSO  UPISSEMEJVT,  Somnolency. 

ASSOURON.     See  Myrtus  pimenta. 

ASSUETUDO,  Habit. 

ASSULA,  Splint. 

ASSUMPTIO,  Prehension. 

ASTACI  FLUVIAT1LIS  CONCREMENTA, 
Cancrorum  chelte. 

ASTACUS  FLUVIATIL1S,  Crab. 

ASTAKILLOS,  Araneum  ulcus. 

ASTASIA,  Dysphoria. 

ASTARZOF.  An  ointment,  composed  of 
litharge,  frog's  spawn,  &c.  Also,  camphor  dis- 
solved in  rose  water. — Paracelsus. 

ASTER  ATTICUS,  Bubonium— a.  Ingui- 
nalis,  Eryngium  enmpestre. 

ASTE'RIA  GEMMA,  Aste'rius,  Astroi'Les, 
As'lrios,  Aslrob'olus.  The  ancients  attributed 
imaginary  virtues  to  this  stone,— that  of  dis- 
persing Nxvi  Materni,  e.  g. 

ASTHENI'A,  from  a,  privative,  and  oSivjc, 
1  force,' '  strength.'  Want  of  strength,  debility, 
(q.  v.)     (F.)  Affaiblissement.    Infirmity,  (q.  v.) 


ASTHENOPIA 


81 


ASTRANT1A 


A  word  used  in  this  sense  by  Galen,  and  em- 
ployed, especially  by  Brown,  to  designate  de- 
bility of  the  whole  economy  or  diminution  of 
the  vital  forces.  He  distinguished  it  into  di- 
rect and  indirect:  the  former  proceeding  from 
diminution  of  stimuli;  the  latter  from  exhaus- 
tion of  incitability  by  the  abuse  of  stimuli. 

Asthenia  Deglutitionis,  Pharyngoplegia — 
a.  Pectoralis,  Angina  pectoris. 

ASTHENOPIA,  Debil'itas  visds,  (F.)  Af- 
faiblissement  de  la  Vue,  from  a,  privative,  ahtvoc, 
•strength,'  and  toxp,  'the  eye.'  Weakness  of 
sight.     Weaksigliledncss. 

ASTHMA,  from  mrd/na,'  laborious  breathing;' 
from  aw,  '  I  respire.'  A.  spas'ticum  adulto'rum, 
A.  Senio'rum,  A.  Convulsi'vum,  A.  spas'ticum  in- 
termit'tens,  Dyspnoea  et  orlhopnce'a  convulsi'va, 
Malum  Caducum  pulmo'num,  Brokenwindcd- 
ncss,  Nervous  asthma,  (F.)  Asthme,  A.  nerzeux. 
Difficulty  of  breathing,  recurring  at  intervals, 
accompanied  with  a  wheezing  sound  and  sense 
of  constriction  in  the  chest;  cough  and  expec- 
toration. 

Asthma  is  a  chronic  disease,  and  not  curable 
with  facility.  Excitant  and  narcotic  antispas- 
modics are  required. 

There  are  no  pathognomonic  physical  signs 
of  asthma.  In  some  cases,  the  respiration  is 
universally  puerile  during  the  attack.  In  the 
spasmodic  form  the  respiratory  murmur  is  very 
feeble  or  absent  during  the  fit;  and  in  all  forms 
percussion  elicits  a  clear  pulmonary  sound. 
The  disease  generally  consists  in  some  source 
of  irritation,  and  occasionally,  perhaps,  in  pnra- 
lysis  of  the  pneumogastric  nerves;  more  fre- 
quently of  the  former — all  the  phenomena  indi- 
cating constriction  of  the  smaller  bronchial  ra- 
mifications. The  treatment  is  one  that  relieves 
spasmodic  action — narcotics,  counter-irritants, 
change  of  air,  &c. 

Asthma  Acu'tum,  of  Millar,  A.  spasticum  in- 
fantum, Cynan'chl  trachea' Us  spasmod'ica.  (F.) 
Asthme  aigu.  Probably  spasmodic  croup.  (?) 
See  Asthma  Thymicum. 

Asthma  Aerium,  Pneumothorax. 

Asthma  Aerium  ab  Emphysemate  Pulmo- 
sum,  Emphysema  of  the  Lungs.,  . 

Asthma  Arthriticuai,  Angina  pectoris. 

Asthma,  Car'diac.  Dyspnoea  dependent 
upon  disease  of  the  heart. 

Asthma  Convulsivum,  Angina  pectoris — a. 
Diaphragmaticum,  Angina  pectoris — a.  Dolo- 
rificum,  Angina  pectoris — a.  Emphysematicum, 
Pneumothorax. 

Asthma,  Grinders'.  The  aggregate  of  func- 
tional phenomena,  induced  by  the  inhalation  of 
particles  thrown  off  during  the  operation  of 
grinding  metallic  instruments,  &c.  The  struc- 
tural changes  induced  are  enlargement  of  the 
bronchial  tubes,  expansion  of  the  pulmonary 
tissue,  and  phthisis. 

Asthma  Gypseum,  A.  pulverulentum — a. 
Hay,  Fever,  hay. 

Asthma  Hu'midum,  Humid,  Common,  or  spit- 
tins  asthma,  is  when  the  disease  is  accompanied 
with  expectoration.  It  is  also  called  A.  Iiumo- 
ra'le,  A .  flatulen' turn ,  A.  pneumon'icum,  Blcnno- 
tho'rax  chro'nicus,  &.c. 

Asthma  Infantum,  Cynanche  trachealis — a. 
Infantum  Spasmodicum,  A. Thymicum — a.  Kop- 
;iian,  A.  Thymicum — a.  Laryngeum  Infantum, 
A. Thymicum—  a.  Montanum,  A.  pulverulentum 
— a.  Nocturnum,  Incubus. 


Asthma  Pulvehulen'tum,  A.  gyp'stum,  A. 
monta'num.  The  variety  of  asthma  to  which 
millers,  bakers,  grinders  and  others  are  subject. 

Asthma  Siccum,  so  called  when  the  parox- 
ysm is  sudden,  violent,  and  of  short  duration; 
cough  slight,  and  expectoration  scanty;  spas- 
modic constriction. 

Asthma  Spastico-Arthriticum  Inconstans, 
Angina  pectoris— a.  Spasticum  Infantum,  A. 
Thymicum. 

Asthma  Thy'micum,  A.  T.  Koppii,  A.  spasti'- 
cum  infnn'tum,  A.  infantum  spasmod'icum,  Cy- 
nanche trachea'lis  spasmod'ica,  Croup-like  inspi- 
ration of  infants,  Child-crowing,  Spasmodic  croup, 
Pseudo-croup,  Spu'rious  croup,  Cer'ebral  croup, 
Suffocating  nervous  catarrh,  Spasmus  glot'tidis, 
Asthma  larynge'um  infantum,  A.  intermillens  in- 
f an' turn,  A.  Dentien'tium,  A.pcriod'icum  acu'tum, 
Koppian  Asthma,  Thymic  Asthma,  Laryngis'mus 
strid'ulus,  Apnaz'a  infan'tum,  (F.)  Laryngite 
striduleuse,  Faux  Croup.  A  disease  of  infants, 
characterized  by  suspension  of  respiration  at 
intervals;  great  difficulty  of  breathing,  espe- 
cially on  waking,  swallowing,  or  crying,  ending 
often  in  a  fit  of  suffocation  with  convulsions. 
The  pathology  of  the  disease  has  been  supposed 
toconsist  in  enlargementof  the  thymus  gland, (?) 
or  of  the  glands  of  the  neck  pressing  on  the 
pneumogastric  nerves.  The  ear.on  auscultation, 
at  a  distance  from  the  chest,  detects  an  incom- 
plete, acute,  hissing  inspiration,  or  rather  cry; 
whilst  the  expiration  and  voice  are  croupal, 
both  at  the  accession  and  termination  of  the  pa- 
roxysm. The  heart's  action  has  been  observed 
to  be  distinct  and  feeble. 

These  symptoms  are  often  accompanied  by 
rigidity  of  the  fingers  and  toes;  the  thumb  being 
frequently  drawn  forcibly  into  the  palm  of  the 
clenched  hand,  whence  the  name  Carpopedal 
spasm,  (q.  v.)  applied,  at  times,  to  the  disease. 

Asthma  Uteri,  Hysteria — a.  Weed,  Lobelia 
inflata. 

ASTHMATIC,  Asthmal'icus ,*  one  affected 
with  asthma.     Relating  to  asthma. 

ASTHME  AIGU,  Asthma  acutum— a.  Aer- 
veux,  Asthma. 

AS'TOMUS,  aarcuot;,  from  a.,  privative,  and 
(TToua,'a  mouth.'  One  without  a  mouth.  Pliny 
speaks  of  a  people  in  India  without  mouths, 
who  live  anhelatu  ct  odore! 

ASTRAGALE  COL  D',  Collum  astragali. 

ASTRAG'ALUS,  Talus,  the  Ankle,  Qua'trio,- 
Diub'elios,  Peza,  Cavic'ula,  Cavil'la,  Tctro'ros, 
As'trion,  Os  Ballisl'a,  from  vLnfuyxloc,  '  a  die,' 
which  it  has  been  considered  to  resemble. (?)  A 
short  bone  situate  at  the  superior  and  middle 
part  of  the  tarsus,  where  it  is  articulated  with 
the  tibia.  It  is  the  ankle  bone,  sling  bone,  or fint 
bone  of  the  foot.  The  anterior  surface  is  con- 
vex, and  has  a  well-marked  prominence,  sup- 
ported by  a  kind  of  neck,  and  hence  has  been 
called  the  head  of  the  Astragalus.  The  astraga- 
lus is  developed  by  two  points  of  ossification. 

Astrag'alus  Exs'capus,  Slemlcss  Milk-cttcli, 
(F.)  Astragale  a  gousscsvelus.  Nat.  Ord.  Legu- 
minosaj.  Sex.  Syst.  Diadelphia  Decandria.  The 
root  is  said  to  have  cured  confirmed  syphilis. 

Astrag alus Trag acanthus, see  Tragacant'n. 

Astrag'alus  Verus,  Gout's  thorn,  Milk-vetch, 
Spina  hirci,  Astrag'alus  aculea'tus.  The  plant 
which  affords  Gum  Trag'acanlh.  See  Tra<<a- 
cantha. 

ASTRANTIA,  Imperatoria. 


ASTRAPE 


82 


ATHENTONIS  CATAPOTIUM 


AS'TRAPE,  Corusca'tio,  Fulgur,  Lightning. 
Galen  reckons  it  amongst  the  remote  causes  of 
epilepsy. 

ASTR1CTION,  Aslric'tio,  orvxftg,  from  as- 
tringere,  (W,  and  stringcre ,)  '  to  constringe.' 
Action  of  an  astringent  substance  on  the  ani- 
mal economy. 

A  STRICT ORIA,  Astringents. 
ASTRINGENT    ROOT,  Comptonia   asple- 
nifolia. 

ASTRINGENTS,  Astringen'lia,  Cataslal'- 
tica,  Constringen'titi,  Cuntrahen'tia,  Slcgno'tica, 
Syncrit'ica,  Astricto'ria.  Same  etymon.  Medi- 
cines which  have  the  property  of  constringing 
the  organic  textures.  External  astringents  are 
called  Styptics. 

The  following  are  the  chief  astringents :  Aci- 
dum  Sulphuricum,  A.  Tannicum,  Alumen,  Ar- 
genti   Nitras,  Catechu,  Cupri   Sulphas,  Tinct. 
Ferri  Chloridi,  Liquor  Ferri  Nitratis,  Ferri  Sul- 
phas, Galla?,  HaBmatoxylon,  Kino,  Krameria,  Li- 
quor   Calcis,    Plumbi    Acetas,    Quercus   Alba, 
Quercus  Tinctoria,  Zinci  Sulphas,  Creasoton. 
ASTRION,  Astragalus. 
ASTRIOS,  Asteria  gemma. 
ASTROB'LES,  from  uotqov,  'a  star,'  and 
fiodXu,  '  I  strike.'     One  struck  by  the  stars  (si- 
dera'tus.)     One  who  is  in  a  state  of  sideration — 
in  an  apoplectic  state. — Gorrasus. 

ASTROBOLIS'MOS,  same  etymology.     Si- 
dera'tion  or  action  of  the  stars  on  a  person. 
Apoplexy. — Theophr.,  Gorraeus. 
ASTROBOLOS,  Asteria  gemma. 
ASTROITIS,  Asteria  gemma. 
ASTROL'OGY,  Astrolog"ia,  from  arroov,  'a 
star,'  and  loyos.  'a  discourse.'     The  art  of  di- 
vining by  inspecting  the  stars.     This  was  for- 
merly considered  to  be  a  part  of  Medicine  ;  and 
was  called  Judicial  Astrology,  to   distinguish 
it  from  Astronomy. 

ASTRON'OMY,  Astronom'ia,  from  aaroov,  'a 
star,'  and   vof*og,  'a  law,'  'rule.1     A   science 
which  makes  known  the  heavenly  phenomena, 
and   the  laws  that  govern  them.     Hippocrates 
places  this  and  astrology  amongst  the   neces- 
sary studies  of  a  physician. 
ASTYSIA,  Impotence. 
ASUAR,  Myrobalanus  Indica. 
ASULCI,  Lapis  lazuli. 
ASYNOD1A,  Impotence. 
ATACTOS,  Erratic. 

AT'AVISM  ;  from  At'avus,  ' an  old  grand- 
sire  or  ancestor,  indefinitely.'  The  case  in 
which  an  anomaly  or  disease,  existing  in  a 
family,  is  lost  in  one  generation  and  reappears 
in  the  following. 

ATARAOTAPOIE'SIA,  from  a,  privative, 
Taqaxrog,  'troubled,'  and  noisiv, 'to  make.'  In- 
trepidity, firmness.  A  quality  of  which,  ac- 
cording to  Hippocrates,  the  physician  ought  to 
be  possessed  in  the  highest  degree. 

ATARAXTA,  from  a,  privative,  and  r*.Qa%ig, 
'trouble,'  'emotion.'  Moral  tranquillity,  peace 
of  mind. 

ATAXTA,  from  a,  privative,  and  raJi?,  'or- 
der.' Disorder,  irregularity.  Hippocrates  em- 
ploys the  word  in  its  most  extensive  accepta- 
tion. Galen  applies  it,  especially,  to  irregu- 
larity of  pulse  ;  and  Sydenham  speaks  of  Jilaxiu 
Spirituum  for  disorder  of  the  nervous  system. 
Ataxia,  now,  usually  means  the  state  of  disor- 
der that  characterizes  nervous  fevers,  and  the 
nervous  condition. 


Ataxia  Spirituum,  Nervous  diathesis.     See 

ATCHAR,A/im,  Achar.  A  condiment  used 
in  India.  It  is  formed  of  green  fruits  of  various 
kinds, — garlic,  ginger,  mustard,  and  pimento, 
pickled  in  vinegar. 

ATECNIA,  Sterilitas. 

AT'ELES,  artXrji,  'imperfect,'  'defective.'— 
Hence, 

ATELECTASIS  PULMO'NUM,  Pneumon- 
ateledtasis.  Imperfect  expansion  of  the  lungs 
at  birth;  from  arekijg,  'imperfect,'  and  exTari;. 
'dilatation.' 

ATELOCHEI'LIA,  from  aziltjg,  'imperfect/ 
and  zsi/Log,  'lip.'  A  malformation  which  con- 
sists in  an  imperfect  development  of  the  lip. 

ATELOENCEPHAL'IA,  from  ctTtl^g,  'im- 
perfect,' and  syxiyuXov,  'the  encephalon.'  State 
of  imperfect  development  of  the  brain. — Andral. 

ATELOGLOS'SI  A,  from  an?.r1?, '  imperfect,' 
and  yktoooa,  'tongue.'  A  malformation  which 
consists  in  an  imperfect  development  of  the 
tono-ue.  •> 

ATELOGNA'THIA,  from  cm^c,  'imper- 
fect,' and  yvtt&og,  'the  jaw.'  A  malformation 
which  consists  in  an  imperfect  development  of 
the  jaw. 

ATELOMYEL'IA,  from  cniln?1  'imperfect,' 
and  nvcXog,  'marrow.'  State  of  imperfect  de- 
velopment of  the  spinal  marrow. — Beclard. 

ATELOPROSO'PIA,  from  uTthjg,  'imper- 
fect,' and  nQoocnnov,  'the  face.'  A  malforma- 
tion which  consists  in  imperfect  development 
of  the  face. 

ATELORACHID1A,  Hydrorachis. 

ATELOSTOM'IA,  from  art/jjc,  'imperfect,' 
and  oTo/ua,  'mouth.'  One  whose  mouth  is  im- 
perfectly developed. 

ATER  SUCCUS,  Atrabilis. 

ATHAMAN'TA,  from  Alhamas,  a  place  in 
Thessaly.     A  genus  of  plants.  . 

Athaman'ta  Aureoseli'num,  Oreoseli'mim, 
Black  Mountain  Parsley.  (F.)  Persil  de  Mon- 
tague. The  plant,  seed  and  roots  are  aromatic. 
It  has  been  considered  attenuant,  aperient,  de- 
obstruent,  and  lithontriptic.  The  distilled  oil 
has  been  used  in  toothache. 

Athaman'ta  Creten'sis  seu  Cret'ica,  Dau- 
cus  Crcticus;  D.  Candianus,  Myrrhis  annua, 
Candy  Carrot.  The  seeds  of  this  plant  are 
acrid  and  aromatic.  They  have  been  used  as 
carminatives  and  diuretics. 

ATHANASIA,  Tanacetum. 

Atiiana'sia,  from  a.,  privative,  and  Savarcg, 
'death.'  An  antidote  for  diseases  of  the  liver, 
jaundice,  gravel,  &c.  It  consisted  of  saffron, 
cinnamon,  lavender,  cassia,  myrrh,  juncus  odo- 
ratus,  honey,  &c.  and  was  esteemed  to  be  su- 
dorific. 

ATHARA,  Athera. 

ATHELAS'MUS,frorna,privative,anu<V.ii, 
'a  breast  or  nipple.'  Impracticability  of  giving 
suck;  from  want  of  nipple  or  otherwise. 

ATHELXIS,  Sucking. 

ATHE'NA.  Name  of  a  plaster,  recommend- 
ed by  Asclepiades,  and  composed  of  oxide  of 
copper,  sublimed  oxide  of  zinc,  sal  ammoniac, 
verdigris,  gall  nuts,  and  a  variety  of  resinous 
and  other  ingredients. — Oribasius,  Aetius,  and 
P.  jEgineta. 

ATHENIO'NIS  CATAPO'TIUM.  A  pill, 
composed  of  myrrh,  pepper,  castor,  and  opium; 
used  to  allay  coughing. — Celsus. 


ATHERA 


83 


ATR1CES 


ATHE'RA,  Mha'ra,  from  oflijp,  'an  ear  of 
corn.'  A  kind  of  pap  for  children:  also,  a 
kind  of  liniment.— Dioscorides,  Pliny. 

ATHERO'MA,  from  a&nqa,  'pap  or  pulp.' 
Emphy'macncijs'tisathero'ma,Mollus'cum.  (q.v.) 
A  tumour  formed  by  a  cyst  containing  matter 
like  pap  or  Bouillie. 

ATHEROMATOUS,  Atheromalo'des. 
Having  the  nature  of  Atheroma. 

ATHLE'TA,  from  aS\og, '  combat.'  Athletae 
were  men  who  exercised  themselves  in  com- 
bat at  the  public  festivals. — Vitruv. 

ATHLET'JC,   Mhlet'icus;   concerning  Mh- 
le'lse.    Strong  in  muscular  powers. — Foesius. 
ATHORACOCEFHA  LUS,  Acephalogastew 
ATHRIX  DEPILIS,  Alopecia. 
ATHYM'IA,  An'imi    defec'tus    et    anxi'etas, 
An'imi    dcmis'sio,    Tristia,   from    a,  priv.   and 
&v(Aog,  'heart,'  'courage.'  Despondency.    The 
prostration  of  spirits,  often  observable  in  the 
sick. — Hippocr.    Melancholy. — Swediaur.    See 
Panophobia. 

ATHYRION,  Asplenium  ceterach. 
ATHYRIUM  FILIX  FffiMINA,  Asplenium 
filix    fcemina — a.  Filix  mas,  Polypodium  filix 
mas. 
ATLANTION,  Atlas. 

ATLAS,  Atlantion,  from  etr?.aw,  '  I  sustain.' 
The  first  cervical  ver'tebra;  so  called,  from  its 
supporting  the  whole  weight  of  the  head,  as 
Atlas  is  said  to  have  supported  the  globe  on  hi3 
shoulders.  Chaussier  calls  it  Atloid.  This  ver- 
tebra in  no  respect  resembles  the  others.  It  is  a 
kind  of  irregular  ring,  into  which,  anteriorly, 
the  processus  dentatus  of  the  second  vertebra  is 
received.  Posteriorly,  it  gives  passage  to  the 
medulla  spinalis. 

ATLOFDO-AXOID,  (F.)  Alloido-axoMien. 
Relating  to  both  the  Atlas  and  the  Axis  or  Ver- 
tebra Dentata. 

Atloido-axoid  Articulation.     The  articu- 
lation between  the  first  two  cervical  vertebra. 
Atloido-axoid  Lig'aments.    These  are  two 
in  number;  one  anterior  and  another  posterior, 
passing  between  the  two  vertebra. 

ATLOrDO-OCCIPTTAL.  Relating  to  the 
atlas  and  occiput.  The  Mot 'do-occip 'ital  At- 
ticula'lion  is  formed  by  the  condyles  of  the  oc- 
cipital bone  and  the  superior  articular  surfaces 
of  the  Atlas.  The  Atloidu-occipital  muscle  is 
the  Rectus  capitis  posticus  minor. 

ATLOIDO-SOUS-MASTOWIEN,  Obliquus 
superior  oculi — a.  Sous-occipitale,  Rectus  capitis 
lateralis. 

ATM1ATRFA,    Atmidiat'ricP,    from    aruog, 
'vapour,'  and  izrftia,  'treatment.'     Treatment 
of  diseases  by  fumigation. 
ATMIDIATRICE,  Almiatria. 
ATMISTERION,  Vaporarium. 
ATMOS,  Breath. 

AT'MOSPHERE,  Atmosphse'ra,  from  arpog, 
'vapour,' and  trqaioa,  'a  sphere:' — as  it  were, 
Sphere  of  vapours.  The  atmosphere  is  a  spheri- 
cal mass  of  air,  surrounding  the  earth  in  every 
part ;  the  height  of  which  is  estimated  at  15  or 
16  leagues.  It  presses  on  the  surface  of  the 
earth,  and  this  pressure  has,  necessarily,  sensi- 
ble effects  on  organized  bodies.  The  surface 
of  the  human  body  being  reckoned  at  15  square 
feet,  it  is  computed  that  a  pressure  of  33,000 
pounds  or  more  exists  under  ordinary  circum- 
stances, and  this  pressure  cannot  be  increased 


or  diminished  materially,  without  modifying 
the  circulation  and  all  the  functions. 
ATMOSPHERIZATION,  Haematosis. 
ATOL'MIA,  from  a,  priv.  and  rc?./ua,  'con- 
fidence.' Want  of  confidence ;  discouragement. 
A  state  of  mind,  unfavourable  to  heallh,  and  in- 
jurious in  disease.  It  is  the  antithesis  of  Eu- 
toi'mia. 

AT'ONY,  Aton'ia,  Irtfir'mitas  et  Remis'siovi'- 
rium,  Languor,  Laxfilas,  from  a,  priv.  and 
rojoff,  'tone,'  'force.'  Want  of  tone.  Weak- 
ness of  every  organ,  and  particularly  of  those 
that  are  contractile.  Violent  gastritis  has  been 
described  by  Scribonius  Largus  under  a  simi- 
lar name,  arorov,  M'onon. 

ATRABIL/IARY,  Atrabil'ions,  Atrabilia'ris, 
Atrabilio'sus,  from  atcr, '  black,'  and  bilis, '  bile.' 
An  epithet  given  by  the  ancients  to  the  melan- 
cholic and  hypochondriac,  because  they  be- 
lieved the  Atrabilis  to  predominate  in  such. 

Atrabiliarv  Capsules,  Arteries  and 
Veins.  The  renal  capsules,  arteries  and  veins  ; 
the  formation  of  Atrabilis  having  been  attri- 
buted to  them. 

ATRABl'LIS,  same  etymon.  Ater  sur.cus, 
Black  Bile  or  melancholy.  According  to  the 
ancients,  a  thick,  black,  acrid  humour,  secreted, 
in  the  opinion  of  some,  by  the  pancreas;  in 
that  of  others,  by  the  supra-renal  capsules. 
Hippocrates,  Galen,  Aetius,  and  others  ascribe 
great  influence  to  the  Atrabilis  in  the  produc- 
tion of  hypochondriasis,  melancholy,  and  ma- 
nia. There  is  really  no  such  humour.  It  was 
an  imaginary  creation. — Aretaius,  Rufus  of 
Ephesus,  &c. 

ATRACHELOCEPH'ALUS,  from  «,  priv. 
rpax^jiog, '  neck,'  and  y.«pa).r],  'head.'  A  monster 
whose  neck  is  partially  or  wholly  deficient. 

ATRACHE'LUS.  Same  etymon.  One  who 
is  very  short-necked. — Galen. 

ATRAC'TYLIS  GUMMIF'ERA,  Car'dvus 
pineus,  IxinS,  Gummy-rooted  Atractylis,  Pine 
Thistle.  The  root,  when  wounded,  yields  a 
milky,  viscid  juice,  which  concretes  into  tena- 
cious masses,  and  is  said  to  be  chewed  with  the 
same  views  as  mastich. 

ATRAGENE,  Clematis  vitalba. 
ATRAMENTUM,  A.  Suto'rium,  Ink,  Cal- 
can'thon,  (F.)  Encre.     It  has  been  advised  as 
an  astringent,  and  as  an  external  application  in 
herpetic  affections. 
Atramentum  Sutorium,  Ferri  sulphas. 
ATRESIA,  Adherence,  Imperforation. 
Atre'sia  Ani  Adna'ta,  Anus  Imperforatus, 
Imptrforatio  ani,  (F.)  Imperforation  de  fanus. 
Congenital  imperforation  of  the  intestinal  ca- 
nal. 

ATRET1SMUS,  Imperforation. 
ATRETOOEPH'ALUS,  from   aTprjog,  'im- 
perforate,' and  xtipaXTj,  'head.'     A  monster,  in 
which  some  of  the  natural  apertures  of  the 
head  are  wanting. — Gurlt. 

ATRETOCOR'MUS,  from  arprjog, « imper- 
forate,' and  xoouog,  'trunk.'  A  monster,  in 
which  the  natural  apertures  of  the  trunk  are 
wanting — Gurlt. 

ATRE'TUS,  from  a,  priv.  and  tquvi,  'I  per- 
forate.' One  whose  anus  or  parts  of  genera- 
tion are  imperforate. 

AT'RICES.  Small  tumours,  which  appear 
occasionally  around  the  anus.  Some  commen- 
tators consider  the  word  to  be  synonymous 
with  condylomata. — Forestus. 


ATR1CI 


84 


AT'RICI.  Small  sinuses  in  the  vicinity  of 
the  anus,  not  penetrating  the  rectum. 

ATRIPLEX  FCETIDA,  Chenopodium  vul- 
varia. 

At'ripi.ex  Horten'sis,  A.  Sat'i'va.  (F.)  Ar- 
roche,  Bonne  Dame.  The  herb  and  seed  of  this 
plant  have  been  exhibited  as  antiscorbutics. 

At'riplex  al'imus,  A.  Portulacoi'des,  and  A. 
Pat'nla,  are  used  as  pickles,  and  have  similar 
properties. 

At'riplex  Odorata,  Chenopodium  botrys — 
a.  Olida,  Chenopodium  vulvaria. 

ATRIUM  CORDIS  DEXTER,  Sinus  dexter 
cordis — a.  Cordis  sinistrum,  Sinus  pulmonalis. 

AT'ROPA,  from  Ar^oa-oc,  'immutable,'  '  the 
goddess  of  destiny;'  so  called  from  its  fatal 
effects. 

Atropa  Belladon'na,  Beliadon'na,  Deadly 
yightshade.  Sola'num  letha'le,  Sola'num  mdni'a- 
cum,  S.  Furio'sum,  Sola'num  melanocer1  asus.  (F.) 
Belladone,  Morelle  furieuse.  Belle  Dame.  Nat. 
Ord.  Solanese.  Sex.  Syst.  Tetrandria  Monogynia. 
The  leaves — Belladonna  (Ph.  U.  S.)  are  power- 
fully narcotic,  and  also  diaphoretic,  and  diu- 
retic. They  are  occasionally  used  where  nar- 
cotics are  indicated.  Sprinkling  the  powdered 
leaves  over  cancerous  sores  has  been  found  to 
allay  the  pain;  and  the  leaves  form  a  good 
poultice.  Dose,  gr.  £  to  gr.  j.  of  the  powdered 
leaves. 

Atropa  Mandrag'ora,  Mandrag'ora,  Man- 
drake. The  boiled  root  has  been  used  in  the 
form  of  poultice  in  indolent  swellings. 

ATROPHIA,  Tabes— a.  Ablactatorum,  Brash, 
weaning — a.  Cordis,  Heart,  atrophy  of  the — 
a.  Glandularis,  Tabes  mesenterica — a.  Infantum, 
Tabes  mesenterica — a.  Intestinorum,  Enter- 
atrophia — a.  Mesenterica,  Tabes  mesenterica. 

A  TR  OP  HIE,  Atrophy  —a.  Mesentirique,  Tabes 
mesenterica. 

AT'ROPHIED,  see  Atrophy. 

AT'ROPHY,  Maras'musAlro'phia,  Atro'phia, 
Maras'mits,  Macies,  Contabescen'tia,  Tabes, 
Marco' res, Analo' sis,  from  a.,  privative,  and  Tooiprn 
'nourishment.'  (F.)  Alrophie,  Dess'echement. 
Progressive  and  morbid  diminution  in  the  bulk 
of  the  whole  body  or  of  a  part.  Atrophy  is 
generally  symptomatic.  Any  tissue  or  organ 
thus  affected  is  said  to  be  atrophied. 

Atrophy  of  the  Heart.  See  Heart,  Atro- 
phy of  the. 

AT'ROPINE,  Alropi'na,  Atro'pia,  Alro'pium. 
The  active  principle  of  Atropa  Belladonna, 
separated  by  Brandes,  by  a  process  similar  to 
that  for  procuring  Morphia. 

ATTACHE,  Insertion. 

ATTAGAS,  Attagen. 

ATTACK,  Insul'tus,  Irrept'io,  Inva'sio,  Eis'- 
bole,  Lepsis,  (F.)  Attaque.  A  sudden  attack,  in- 
vasion or  onset  of  a  disease.    A  seizure. 

AT'TAGEN,  At'tagus,  the  Fran'colin.  Cele- 
brated with  the  ancients  both  as  food  and  medi- 
cine.— Martial,  Aristophanes. 

ATTANCOURT,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  A  mineral  water  in  France  at  Attancourt, 
in  Champagne;  about  3  leagues  north  of  Join- 
ville.  The  water  is  a  chalybeate,  and  contains 
sulphate  of  lime.     In  large  doses  it  is  puro-ative. 

ATTAQUE,  Attack— a.  des  JVer/s,  Nervous 
attack. 

ATTELLE,  Splint. 

ATTENOTING,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF, 


AUDINAC 

in  Bavaria.  The  water  contains  carbonic  acid, 
carbonates  of  lime  and  soda,  sulphates  of  hme 
and  magnesia,  chloride  of  sodium,  iron,  and 
alum,  ft  is  much  used  in  skin  diseases,  fistula, 
old  ulcers,  calculi,  and  hemorrhoids. 

ATTEN'UAINTS,  Attcnuan'tia  Leptun'tica, 
(F.)  Lcptonliques,  from  ten'uis,  'thin.'  Medi- 
cines  which  augment  the  fluidity  of  the  humours. 

ATTIRAJVT,  Attrahent. 

ATTITUDE,  Situs  Corporis.  Low  Latin, 
aptitudo;  from  Latin  aptare,  '  to  fit.'  Situation, 
position  of  the  body.  The  attitudes  are  the  dif. 
ferent  postures  which  man  is  capable  of  as- 
suming. In  General  Pathology,  the  attitude  will 
often  enable  the  physician  to  pronounce  at 
once  upon  the  character  of  a  disease,  or  it  will 
aid  him  materially  in  his  judgment.  In  St. 
Vitus's  dance,  in  fractures,  luxations,  &c,  it  is 
the  great  index.  It  will  also  indicate  the  de- 
gree of  nervous  or  cerebral  power;  hence  the 
sinking  down  in  bed  is  an  evidence  of  great 
cerebral  debility  in  fever.  The  position  of  a 
patient  during  an  operation  is  an  interesting 
subject  of  attention  to  the  surgeon. 

ATTOL'LENS  AUREM,  Attol'lens  Auric'- 
ulas,  Leva'tor  Auris,  Supe'rior  Auris,  Attol'len) 
Auric'ulam,  (F.)  Auriculaire  superieur,  Tempo- 
ro-auriculaire.  A  muscle  of  the  ear,  which 
arises,  thin,  broad,  and  tendinous,  from  the  ten- 
don of  the  occipito-frontalis,  and  is  inserted 
into  the  upper  part  of  the  ear,  opposite  to  the 
anti-helix.     It  raises  the  ear. 

Attollens  Oculi,  Rectus  superior  oculi. 

ATTOUCHEMEJYT,  Masturbation. 

ATTRACTION  OF  AGGREGATION,  Co- 
hesion, force  of. 

ATTRACTIVUM.    See  Magnet. 

ATTRACTIVUS,  Attrahent. 

ATTRACTORIUS,  Attrahent. 

AT'TRAHENT,  At'trahens,  Attracti'vus,  M- 
tracto'rius,  from  ad,  '  to,'  and  traho,  '  I  draw.' 
(F.)  Atlractif,  Attirant.  Remedies  are  so  called, 
which  attract  fluids  to  the  parts  to  which  they 
are  applied,  as  blisters,  rubefacients,  &c. 

ATTRAPE-LOURDAUT,  (F.)  A  bistoury 
invented  by  a  French  surgeon,  called  Bien- 
naise,  and  used  in  the  operation  for  hernia.  See 
Bistouri  cache. 

ATTRITA,  Chafing. 

ATTRITION ,Attri"tio,  Eclhlimma,  from  ad, 
'and'  terere,  'to  bruise.'  Friction  or  bruising. 
Chafing. — Galen.  Also,  a  kind  of  cardialgia.— 
Sennertus.    Likewise,  a  violent  contusion. 

ATYPTC,  Atyp'icus,  At'ypos,  from  a,  priva- 
tive, and  rvTzog,  '4ype.'  That  which  has  no 
type.  Irregular.  Chiefly  applied  to  an  irregu- 
lar intermittent. — Ftbris  atypica. 

ATYPOS^  Erratic. 

AUAN'TE,  Anap'sS,  from  zvctvoic,  'desicca- 
tion.' Hippocrates  gave  this  name  to  a  disease, 
the  principal  symptom  of  which  was  emaciation. 
Atrophy. 

AUBE-VIGJVE,  Clematis  vitalba. 

AUBtiPIJYE,  Mespilus  oxyacantha. 

AUBERGINE,  Solanum  Melongena. 

AUBIFOIJY,  Cyanus  segeturn. 

AUCHEN,  Collum. 

AUDE,  Voice. 

AUDINAC,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Audinac  is  situate  in  jhe  department  of  Ar- 
ricge,  France.  The  water  contains  a  small 
quantity  of  sulphohydric  acid,  carbonic  acid, 
sulphates  of  lime  and  magnesia,  carbonates  of 


AUDITION 


85 


AURICULAR 


lime  and  iron,  and  a  bituminous  substance. 
Temp.  07°  Fahr.  It  is  much  used  in  chronic 
rheumatism,  herpes,  scrofulous  diseases,  &c. 

AUDIT'lON,  from  audire,  <  to  hear.'  Ac'oS, 
Audi"tio,  Audi'tus,  Acoe'sis,  Acu'sis.  Hearing. 
The  act  of  hearing.  The  sensation  arising 
from  an  impression  made  on  the  auditory  nerves 
by  the  vibrations  of  the  air,  produced  by  a  so- 
norous body.  The  physiology  of  Audition  is 
obscure.  It  probably  takes  place: — 1.  By  the 
vibrations  being  communicated  from  the  mem- 
brana  tympani  along  the  chain  of  small  bones 
to  the  membrane  of  the  foramen  ovale.  2.  By 
means  of  the  air  in  the  cavity  of  the  tympanum, 
the  membrane  of  the  foramen  rotundum  is  agi- 
tated. 3.  The  transmission  .may  be  made  by 
means  of  the  bony  parietes.  In  these  three 
ways  the  vibrations  produced  by  a  sonorous 
body,  may  reach  the  auditory  nerve.  Audition 
may  be  active  or  passive:  hence  the  difference 
between  listening  and  simply  hearing. 

AU'DITORY,  Audito'rius,  Auditi'vus.  That 
which  relates  to  audition. 

Auditory  Arteries  and  Veins,  are  vessels 
which  enter  the  auditory  canals,  and  are,  like 
them,  distinguished  into  internal  and  external. 
The  external  auditory  artery,  A.  Tympaniquc — 
(Ch.),  is  given  off  by  the  styloid,  a  branch  of 
the  external  carotid:  the  internal  is  a  branch  of 
the  basilary  artery,  which  accompanies  the  au- 
ditory nerve,  and  is  distributed  to  it.  The  Au- 
ditory  Veins  empty  into  the  internal  and  exter- 
nal jugulars. 

Auditory  Canal,  External,  Med  Ins  audi- 
to'rius exter'nus,  Alvca'rium,  (F.)  Conduit  ate- 
ditif  externe,  Conduit  auriculaire,  commences 
at  the  bottom  of  the  concha,  at  the  Foramen 
auditi'vum  ezler'num,  passes  inwards,  forwards, 
and  a  little  downwards,  and  terminates  at  the 
membrana  tympani.  It  is  partly  cartilaginous, 
partly  osseous,  and  partly  fibrous. 

Auditory  Canal,  Internal,  Mea'tvs  audito'- 
rius intcr'nits,  Cyar,  (F.)  Conduit  auditif  in- 
terne, C.  labyrinthique,  is  situate  in  the  poste- 
rior surface  of  the  pars  petrosa  of  the  temporal 
bone.  From  the  Fora'men  auditivum  inter1  num, 
where  it  commences,  it  passes  forwards  and 
outwards,  and  terminates  by  a  kind  of  cul-de-sac, 
perforated  by  many  holes,  one  of  which  is  the 
orifice  of  the  Aqua?ductus  Fallopii ;  and  the 
others  communicate  with  the  labyrinth. 

Auditory  Nerve,  Nerf  labyrinthique — (Ch.) 
is  the  Portio  Mollis  of  the  seventh  pair.  It 
arises  from  the  corpus  restifonne,  from  the  floor 
of  the  fourth  ventricle,  and  by  means  of  white 
stria?,  from  the  sides  of  the  calamus  scriptorius. 
As  it  leaves  the  encephalon,  it  forms  a  flattened 
cord,  and  proceeds  with  the  facial  nerve  through 
the  foramen  auditivum  internum,  and  as  far  as 
the  bottom  of  the  meatus,  where  it  separates 
from  the  facial  and  divides  into  two  branches, 
one  going  to  the  cochlea;  the  other  to  the  ves- 
tibule and  semicircular  canals. 

AUGE,  At'veus.  Some  of  the  older  Ana- 
tomists gave  this  name  to  a  reservoir,  into 
which  liquids  flow  in  an  interrupted  manner, 
so  that  it  is  alternately  full  and  empty.  Such 
are  the  ventricles  and  auricles  of  the  heart 

AUGMENTATION,  from  aitgere,  'to  in- 
crease.' Augmen'tum,  f iter  emen' turn,  Annh'asis, 
Auc'tio,  Auxe'sis.  The  stage  of  a  disease  in 
which  the  symptoms  go  on  increasing. 

AUL1SCOS,  Canula. 


AULOS,  Canula.    See  Vagina,  and  Foramen. 

AUMALE,    MINERAL     WATERS     OF. 

Aumale  is  a  town  of  Upper  Normandy,  in  the 
country  of  Caux.  Several  springs  of  ferrugi- 
nous mineral  waters  are  found  there,  whose 
odour  is  penetrating,  and  taste  rough  and  as- 
tringent. They  are  tonic,  and  employed  in 
debility  of  the  viscera,  &c. 

AVNE  A'OIR,  Rhamnus  frangula. 

AUNEE,  Inula  helenium — a.  Dyscntirique, 
Inula  dysenterica. 

AURA,  Pno'e.  A  vapour  or  emanation  from 
any  body,  surrounding  it  like  an  atmosphere. 
Van  Helmont  regarded  the  vital  principle  a3 
a  gas  and  volatile  spirit,  which  he  called  Aura 
vitalis. 

In  Pathology,  Aura  means  the  sensation  of 
a  light  vapour,  which,  in  some  diseases,  appears 
to  set  out  from  the  trunk  or  limbs;  and  to  rise, 
towards  the  head.  This  feeling  has  been  found 
to  precede  attacks  of  epilepsy  and  hysteria,  and 
hence  it  has  been  called  Aura  epilcp'tica,  and 
A.  hyste/ica. 

Aura  San'guinis.  The  odour  exhaled  by 
blood  newly  drawn.     See  Gaz  Sanguinis. 

Aura  Sem'inis  or  A.  semina'/is; — A  volatile 
principle  fancied  to  exist  in  the  sperm,  and  re- 
garded by  some  as  the  fecundating  agent.  Such 
is  not  the  case. 

AURANCUM.    See  Ovum. 

AURAJV1TE.     See  Agaric. 

AURAN'TIA  CURASSAVEN'TIA,  Curas- 
so'a  apples  or  oranges.  Immature  oranges, 
checked,  by  accident,  in  their  growth.  They 
are  a  grateful,  aromatic  bitter,  devoid  of  acidity. 
Infused  in  wine  or  brandy  they  make  a  good 
stomachic.     They  are  also  used  for  issue  peas. 

Aurantia  Curassavica,  see  Citrus  auran- 
tium — a.  Roma,  see  Citrus  aurantium. 

Aurantii  Cortex.    See  Citrus  aurantium. 

AURANTIUM,  Citrus  aurantium. 

AUREL1ANA  CANADENSIS,  Panax  quin- 
quefolium. 

AUREOLA,  Areola. 

AURI  CHLORETUM  CUM  CHLORETO 
NATRII,  see  Gold— a.  Chloridum,  Gold,  muri- 
ate of— a.  Chloretum,  Gold,  muriate  of — a. 
Cyanidum,  see  Gold — a.  Cyanuretum,  see  Gold 
— a.  et  Natri  chloruretum,  see  Gold — a  Murias, 
Gold,  muriate  of— a.  Nitro-murias,  see  Gold — 
a.  Oxidum,  see  Gold — a.  Terchloridum,  see 
Gold — a.  Tercyanidum,  see  Gold. 

AURICHALCUM,  Brass. 

AURICULA.  Diminutive  of  auris,  an  ear. 
The  auricle  of  the  ear.     See  Pavilion. 

Auricles  of  the  Heart,  Cavitoftcs  innomi- 
na'tse,  (F.)  Oreillettes,  are  two  cavities;  one 
right,  the  other  left,  each  communicating  with 
the  ventricle  of  its  side.  These  two  cavities 
receive  the  blood  from  every  part  of  the  body. 
Into  the  right  auricle,  the  two  vena?  cavas  and 
coronary  vein  open:  into  the  left,  the  four  pul- 
monary veins.  Chaussier  calls  the  former  the 
Sinus  of  the  Vense  Cavas : — the  latter,  the  Si7ius 
of  the  Pulmonary  Veins.     See  Sinus. 

Auricula  Juvje,  Peziz.i  auricula — a.  Muris, 
Hieracium  Pilosella — a.  Muris  major,  Hiera- 
cium  iiurorum. 

AURICULAIRE,  see  Digitus— a.  Posterieur, 
Retrahens  auris — a  Suptrieur,  Attollensaurem. 

AURICULAR,  Oric'ular,  Auricula'ris,  from 
auricula, '  the  ear.'  That  which  belongs  to  the 
ear,  especially  to  the  external  ear. 


AURICULAR  ARTERIES,  &c. 


SG 


AUTOMATIC 


AlTUc'uLAR     ARTERIES    AND    VEINS,     Oricu- 

(aires — (Ch),  are  divided  into  anterior  and 
posterior.  The  anterior  are  of  indeterminate 
number.  They  arise  from  the  temporal  artery, 
and  are  distributed  to  the  meatus  auditorius 
externus,  and  to  the  pavilion  of  the  ear.  The 
posterior  auricular  is  given  off  by  the  external 
carotid,  from  which  it  separates  in  the  substance 
of  the  parotid  gland.  When  it  reaches  the  in- 
ferior partof  the  pavilion  of  the  ear  it  bifurcates; 
one  of  its  branches  being  distributed  to  the  in- 
ner surface  of  the  pavilion,  the  other  passing 
over  the  mastoid  process,  and  being  distributed 
to  the  temporal  and  posterior  auris  muscles,  &c. 
Before  its  bifurcation  it  gives  off  the  stylo-mas- 
toid  artery.  The  Anterior  and  Posterior  Auri- 
cular Veins  open  into  the  temporal  and  external 
jugular. 

Auricular  Finger,  (F.)  Doigt  auriculaire,  is 
the  little  finger,  so  called  because,  owing  to  its 
size,  it  can  be  more  readily  introduced  into  the 
meatus  auditorius. 

Auricular  Nerves  are  several.  1.  The  au- 
ricular branch,  Zygomata-auricular,  is  one  of  the 
ascending  branches  of  the  cervical  plexus.  It 
ramifies  and  spreads  over  the  two  surfaces  of 
the  pavilion.  2.  The  auricular  or  superficial 
temporal,  Temporal-cutaneous — (Ch.)  is  given 
off  from  the  inferior  maxillary.  It  ascends  be- 
tween the  condyle  of  the  jaw  and  the  meatus 
auditorius  externus,  sends  numerous  filaments 
to  the  meatus  and  pavilion,  and  divides  into 
two  twigs,  which  accompany  the  branches  of 
the  temporal  artery,  and  are  distributed  to  the 
integuments  of  the  head.  There  is  also  a.  pos- 
terior auricular  furnished  by  the  facial. 

AURIC  ULARIS  ANTERIOR,  Anterior 
auris. 

AURICULE.  Pavilion  of  the  ear. 

AURIC'ULO-VENTRIC'ULAR,  Auric'ulo- 
ventricula'ris.  That  which  belongs  to  the  au- 
ricles and  ventricles  of  the  heart.  The  com- 
munications between  the  auricles  and  ventri- 
cles are  so  called.  The  Tricuspid  and  Mitral 
Valves  are  auriculo-ventricular  valves. 

AURI'GA.  A  species  of  bandage  for  the  ribs, 
described  by  Galen.     See,  also,  Liver. 

AURIGO,  Icterus — a.  Neophytorum,  Icterus 
Infantum. 

AURIPIGMENTUM,  Orpiment— a.  Rubrum, 
Real  (jar. 

AURIS,  Ear. 

AURISCALPIUM,  Earpick. 

AURIST,  from  auris,  'the  ear.'  One  who 
occupies  himself  chiefly  with  the  diseases  of  the 
ear  and  their  treatment. 

AURIUM  FLUCTUATIO,Bombus— a.  Mar- 
morata.  Cerumen — a.  Sibilus,  Bombus — a.  So- 
nitus.  Bombus — a.  Sordes,  Cerumen — a.  Susur- 
rus.  Bombus. 

AUROJYE,  Artemisia  abrotanum — a.  des 
Champs,  Artemisia  campestris — a.  des  Jardins, 
Artemisia  abrotanum — a.  Male,  Artemisia  abro- 
tanum. 

AUIiUGO,  Icterus. 

AURUM,'Gold,'(q.v.)—  a.Chloratum,  Gold, 
muriate  of — a.  Chloratum  natronatum,  see  Gold 
— a.  Foliatum,  Gold  leaf— a.  in  Libellis,  Gold 
leaf — a.  Leprosum,  Antimonium — a.  Limatum, 
see  Gold — a.  Muriaticum,  Gold,  muriate  of — a. 
Muriaiicum,  see  Gold — a.  Muriaticum  natrona- 
tu  m,  see  Gold. 

Auuuh  Mvsi'yvm, Aurum Mosa'icum,  Sulpha- 


ret  of  Tin,  Dcutosu/p/iurct  or  persulphurct  of  tin. 
(Quicksilver,  tin,  sulphur,  sal  ammoniac,  aa, 
equal  parts.  The  tin  being  first  melted,  the 
quicksilver  is  poured  into  it,  and  then  the  whole 
are  ground  together,  and  sublimed  in  a  bolt- 
head.  The  aurum  musivum  lies  at  the  bot- 
tom.) It  is  used  in  some  empirical  prepara- 
tions. 

Aurum  Oxydatum,  see  Gold— a.  Oxydula- 
turn  muriaticum,  Gold,  muriate  of— a.  Nitro- 
muriaticum,  see  Gold— a.  Salitum,  Gold,  mu- 
riate of. 

AUSCULTATE,  TO;  from  auscultare,  'to 
listen.'  To  practise  auscultation,  (q.  v.)  'To 
auscult'  is  at  times  used  with  the  same  signifi- 
cation. 

AUSCULTA'TION,  Ausculla'tio,  act  of  list- 
ening. Buisson  has  used  it  synonymously  with 
listening.  Laennec  introduced  auscultation  to 
appreciate  the  different  sounds,  which  can  be 
heard  in  the  chest,  and  in  the  diagnosis  of  dis- 
eases of  the  heart,  lungs,  &c.  This  may  be 
done  by  the  aid  of  an  instrument  called  ask- 
Otoscope  (q.  v.),  one  extremity  of  which  is  ap. 
plied  to  the  ear,  the  other  to  the  chest  of  the 
patient.  This  mode  of  examination  is  called 
Mediate  Auscultation,  (F.)  Auscultation  mediate, 
—  the  application  of  the  ear  to  the  chest  being 
immediate  auscultation. 

The  act  of  exploring  the  chest  is  called  Sit- 
thoscop'ia,  and  Thoracoscop'ia;  of  the  abdomen, 
Abdominoscop'  ia,  (q.  v.) 

AUSCUL'TATORY,  Auscultato'rius ;  Ms- 
cul'tic,  (with  some.)  Belonging  or  having  re- 
lation to  auscultation. 

Auscultatory  Percussion, see  Acouophonia. 

AUSTE'RE,  Austc'rus.  Substances,  which 
produce  a  high  degree  of  acerb  impression  on 
the  organs  of  taste. 

AUSTRUCHE,  Imperatoria. 

AUTALGIA  DOLOROSA,  Neuralgia,  facial, 
Pleurodynia — a.  Pruriginosa,  Itching — a.  Ver- 
tigo, Vertigo. 

AUTARCI'A,  from  avro?,  'himself,'  and 
aQKeu),  '1  am  satisfied.'  Moral  tranquillity. — 
Galen. 

AUTEMES'IA,  from  uvrog,  'self,'  and  m&t(, 
'vomiting.'  Spontaneous  or  idiopathic  vomit- 
ing.— Alibert. 

AUTHE'MERON.  A  medicine  which  cures 
on  the  day  of  its  exhibition;  from  ttvrog,  'the 
same,'  and  Juitoa,  '  day.' 

AUTOCHIRIA,  Suicide. 

AUTOC'RASY,  Autocrati'a,  Autocrato'ria, 
from  avrog,  'himself,'  and  zgaro?,  'strength.' 
Independent  force.  Action  of  the  vital  prin- 
ciple, or  of  the  instinctive  powers  towards  the 
preservation  of  the  individual. — See  Vis  Medi- 
catrix  Naturae.     Also,  the  vital  principle. 

AUTOCRATIA,  Autocrasy,  Vis  medicatrix 
natural. 

AUTOCRATORIA,  Autocrasy— a.  Physia- 
trice,  Vis  medicatrix  naturae. 

AUTOCTONIA,  Suicide. 

AUTOLITHOT'OMUS,^u£o^/ioi'omus,from 
avroq,  'himself,'  Zidog,  'a  stone,'  and  xepivuv, 
'to  cut.'  One  who  operates  upon  himself  for 
the  stone. 

AUTOMATIC,  Automat'icus,  from  avrcfta- 
toc,  'spontaneous.'  That  which  acts  of  itself. 
Those  movements  are  called  automatic,  which 
the  patient  executes  without  any  object;  appa- 
rently without  volition  beinor  exercised.' 


AUTOMNALE 


87 


AVICULA  CIPRIA 


AUTOMNALE,  Autumnal.  | 

AUTONOM'IA,  Vis  medicatrix  nature  The 
word  Jlutonomiu  is  occasionally  employed  by 
the  French  and  Germans  for  the  peculiar  me- 
chanism of  an  organized  body.  Thus,  although 
individuals  of  the  same  species  may  differ  in 
outward  conformation,  their  mechanism  or  in- 
stinctive laws  (Autonomia,)  may  be  the  same. 

AUTOPEP'SIA,  from  ouzo?,  'self,'  and  *tn- 
Tu>,  '  I  concoct.7  Self-digestion, — as  of  the 
stomach  after  death. 

AUTOPHIA,  Autopsia. 

AUTOPHO'NIA,  froma„ToS,  'self,'  and  <?am;, 
'voice.'  An  auscultatory  sign  pointed  out  by 
M.  Hourmann,  which  consists  in  noting  the 
character  of  the  observer's  own  voice,  while  he 
speaks  with  his  head  placed  close  to  the  pa- 
tient's chest.  The  voice,  it  is  alleged,  will  be 
modified  by  the  condition  of  the  subjacent  or- 
gans. The  resonance  thus  heard,  he  terms 
retentissement  autophonique. ' 

AUTOPHOSPHORUS,  Phosphorus. 

AUTOPLASTY,  Morioplastice. 

AUTOP'SIA  or  AU'TOPSY;  from  avrog, 
'himself,'  and  oipi?,  'vision.'  Autoph'ia.  At- 
tentive examination  by  one's  self!,  Improperly 
used  occasionally  for  the  following: 

Autop'sia  Cadaver'ica,  (F.)  Autopsie,  Ou- 
verture  cadaverique.  Attentive  examination  af- 
ter death,  Examination  post  mortem,  Sectio  Ca- 
dav'eris,  Dissection,  Nic'roscopy,  Nec'ropsy: 
—  practised  for  the  purpose  of  investigating  the 
causes  and  seat  of  an  affection  of  which  a  per- 
son may  have  died,  &c. 

AUTOPYROS,  Syncomistos. 

AU'TOSITE,  from  *</to?,  'self,'  and  <t,toc, 
'nourishment.'  A  single  monster,  capable  of 
deriving  nourishment  from  its  own  proper  or- 
gans, in  contradistinction  to  Omphalosite,  (q.  v  ) 

AUTUMN,  Autum'nus,  Pldhiropo'ron,  (F.) 
Automnc.  One  of  the  seasons  of  the  year,  be- 
tween the  2:3d  of  September  and  the  21st  of 
December.  In  all  climates,  the  Autumn  or  Fall 
is  liable  to  disease;  a  combination  of  local  and 
atmospheric  causes  being  then  present,  favour- 
able to  its  production. 

AUTUM'JVAL;  Autumna! lis.  (F.)  Autom- 
nale.  Relating  to  Autumn;  as  Autumnal  Fruits, 
Autumnal  Fevers,  &c. 

Autumnal  Fever, generally  assumes  a  bilious 
as[>ect.  Those  of  the  intermittent  kind  are  much 
more  obstinate  than  when  they  appear  in  the 
spring. 

AUXES1S,  Augmentation,  Increase. 

AUXIL'IARY,  Auxilia'ris,  from  auxilium, 
•aid.'  (F.)  Auxiliare.  That  which  assists, — 
from  which  assistance  is  obtained. 

Auxiliary  Medicine  is  one  which  assists 
the  principal  medicine  or  basis.  It  is  synony- 
mous with  Adjuvant. 

Auxiliary  Muscles  are  those  which  concur 
in  the  same  movement.  Some  anatomists 
have  applied  the  term  to  several  ligaments,  as 
well  as  to  the  fleshy  fibres,  which  hang  from 
the  sacro- spinalis  muscle. 

AUXILIUM,  J u vans,  Medicament. 

AVA,  Kava.  An  intoxicating  narcotic  drink 
made  by  chewing  the  Piper  methisticum.  It 
is  much  used  by  the  Polynesians. 

AVAILLES,  WATERS  OF.  A  small  vil- 
lage in  France,  13  leagues  S.  S.  E.  of  Poitiers, 
at  which  there  is  a  cold  saline  chalybeate.    It 


contains  chlorides  of  sodium  and  calcium,  sul- 
phate and  subcarbonate  of  soda,  iron,  &.c. 

AVANTBOUCHE,  (F.)  Osanti'cum.  This 
name  has  been  applied  by  some  to  the  mouth, 
properly  so  called — in  contradistinction  to  the 
Arriere  Louche  or  Pharynx- 

AVANT-BRAS,  Forearm. 

AVAJYT-C(EVR,  Scrobiculus  cordis. 

AVANT-GOUT,  (F.)  Prcegusta' tio ;  a  fore- 
taste ;  prtegustation. 

AVANT-MAIN,  (F.)  Adver'sa  Manus.  The 
inside  of  the  hand,  when  extended. 

AV ANT-PIED,  (F.)  The  most  advanced  part 
of  the  foot. 

AVANT-POIGNET,  (F.)  The  anterior  part 
of  the  wrist. 

AVELINE,  Corylus  avellana  (nut.) 

AVELLANA  CATHARTICA,  Jatrophacur- 
cas. 

AVE'NA,  Oats,  Bromos.  The  seeds  ofAve'na 
sati'va.  Nat.  Ord.  Graminese.  Sex.  Syst.  Trian- 
driaDigynia.  (F.)  Avoine.  Oats  are  used  as  food 
for  man,  in  some  parts,  particularly  in  the  North 
of  England  and  Scotland.  When  deprived  of  the 
husks  they  form  Groats,  (q.  v.)  Reduced  to 
meal, — Avenm  Fari'na,  Oatmeal — they  are  ap- 
plied ascataplasms  to  promote  suppuration.  The 
dry  meal  is  sprinkled  over  erysipelatous  parts. 

AVE NJE  FARINA.     See  Avena 

AVENHEIM,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Avenheim  is  three  leagues  from  Strasburg; 
near  it  is  an  aperient  mineral  water. 

AVENNES,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Avennes  is  a  village  in  the  department  of  He- 
rault  in  France:  near  if"  is  a  saline  spring,  the 
temperature  of  which  rises  to  84°  Fahrenheit. 

AVENS,  COMMON,  Geum  urbanum— a. 
Water,  Geum  rivale — a.  White,  Geum  Virgi- 
nianum. 

AVER1CH,  Sulphur. 

AVERRHO'A  BILIM'BI,  Bilim'bi,  Bilimbing 
tens.  An  Indian  tree,  which  has  a  fruit,  that 
is  too  acid  to  be  eaten  alone.  It  is  used  as  a 
condiment,  and  in  the  form  of  syrup  as  a  refri- 
gerant. 

Averrho'a  Caram'bola,  called  after  Aver- 
rhoes;  Malum  Coen'sS,  Prunum  stclla'tum,  Tavi'- 
ara,  Conga,  Curam'Lolo.  An  Indian  tree,  whose 
fruits  are  agreeably  acid.  The  bark,  bruised,  is 
employed  as  a  cataplasm,  and  its  fruit  is  used 
as  a  refrigerant  in  bilious  fever  and  dysentery. 

AVER'SION,  Aver'sio;  Apot'ropS,  from  aver- 
tere,  (a  and  vertere)  'to  turn  from.'  Extreme 
repugnance  for  any  thing  whatever. 

AVERSION  (F.)  also  means,  in  therapeu- 
tics, the  action  of  medicines  which  turn  the 
afflux  of  fluids  from  one  organ,  and  direct  them 
to  others;  being  synonymous  with  counter-irri- 
tation, or  rather  revulsion  or  derivation. 

AVERT1N,  (F.)  A  disease  of  the  mind, 
which,  according  to  Lavoisien,  renders  the  pa- 
tient obstinate  and  furious. 

AVEUGLE,  Caecns. 

AVEUGLEM  ENT,Cwc\t*s— a  deJour,Nyc- 
talopia — a.  de  Nuit.  Hemeralopia. 

AVICEN'NIA  TOMENTO'SA,  called  after 
Avicenna.  The  plant  which  affords  the  Malac- 
ca Bean  or  Anacar'dium  Orienla'lS  of  the  Phar- 
macopoeias, Semecar'pus  Anacar'dium.  The  oil 
drawn  from  the  bark  of  the  fruit  is  a  corrosive, 
and  active  vesicatory,  but  it  is  not  used. 

AVICULA  CIPRIA,  Pastil-a.  Margaritifera, 
see  Pearl. 


AVOLX 


AZYGOS  VEIN 


AVOIN,  Avena. 

AVORTEMENT,  Abortion. 

AVORTER,  to  Abort. 

AVORTIN,  Abortion. 

A  VORTOJf,  Abortion. 

A  VULSIO,  Arrachcment. 

AVULSION,  Evulsion. 

AX,  MLNERAL  WATERS  OF.  Ax  is  a 
small  town  in  the  department  of  Arriege, 
France;  where  there  are  several  sulphurous 
springs,  the  temperature  of  which  varies  from 
77°  to  162°  of  Fahrenheit. 

AXE,  Axis— a.de  fCEil,  Axis  of  the  eye. 

AX'EA  COMMISSU'RA,  Trochoi'des.  A 
pivot-joint.     See  Trochoid. 

AXIL'LA,  Ala,  Ascel'la,  AsseFla,  Ascil'lu, 
Acefla,  Cordis  emuncto'rium,  Mall,  Hypo'mia, 
Fo'vea  axilla'ris,  Mas'chale,  (F.)  Aissclle.  The 
cavity  beneath  the  junction  of  the  arm  with  the 
shoulder;  the  armpit;  (F.)  Creux  de  I'Aisselle. 
It  is  bounded,  anteriorly,  by  a  portion  of  the 
pectoralis  major;  posteriorly,  by  the  latissimus 
dorsi.  It  is  covered  with  hair,  contains  much 
cellular  membrane,  lymphatic  ganglions,  im- 
portant vessels  and  nerves,  and  numerous  seba- 
ceous follicles,  furnishing  an  odorous  secretion. 
In  consequence  of  such  secretion,  the  ancients 
called  it  emunctn'rivm  cordis. 

AXTLLARY,  (F.)  Axillairc,  from  axilla, 
'the  armpit.'     Belonging  to  the  armpit. 

Axillary  Artery,  Arte'ria  axilla'ris;  a  con- 
tinuation of  the  subclavian,  extending  from 
the  passage  of  the  latter  between  the  scaleni 
muscles  as  far  as  the  insertion  of  the  pectoralis 
major,  when  it  takes  the  name  of  Brachial. 

Axillary  Glands  are  lymphatic  glands, 
seated  in  the  armpit;  into  which  the  lymphatic 
glands  of  the  upper  extremity  open. 

Axillary  Nerve,  {Scap'ulo-  hu'  nteral  (dr.), 
JYeif  circonjlcxe,  Articular  nerve;  arises  from  the 
posterior  part  of  the  brachial  plexus,  particu- 
larly from  the  last  two  cervical  pairs  and  the 
first  dorsal.  It  is  chiefly  distributed  to  the  pos- 
terior margin  of  the  deltoid. 

Axillary  Vein,  Vena  Axilla'ris,  Vena  Suhu- 
ln'ris.  This  vein  corresponds  with  the  artery; 
anterior  to  which  it  is  situate.  It  is  a  continua- 
tion of  the  brachial  veins;  and,  at  its  termina- 
tion, assumes  the  name  Subclavian. 

AX1NE,  Ascia. 

AX1RNACH,  An  Arabic  word,  used  by  Al- 
bucasis  to  designate  a  fatty  tumour  of  the  up- 
per eyelid,  observed  particularly  in  children. 

AXIS,  Axon,  (F.)  Axe.  A  right  line  which 
passes  through  the  centre  of  a  body. 

Axis,  Cerebro-Spinal.     See  Encephalon. 

Axis  ok  the  Eye,  (F.)  Axe  de  I  mil,  called, 
also,  Visual  Axis  and  Optic  Axis,  is  a  right  line, 
which  falls  perpendicularly  on  the  eye,  and 
passes  through  the  centre  of  the  pupil. 

Axis,  is  also  the  second  vertebra  of  the  neck, 
Axon,  Epistropheus,  Mascha  lister ;  the  Ver'te- 
Lra  Dentafta.  (F.)  Essieu.  So  called  because 
it  forms  a  kind  of  axis  on  which  the  head 
moves.  Chaussier  calls  it  Axo'idc,  from  tfgw, 
'axis.'  and  etdos,  'shape.' 

AXOIDE,  Axis— a.  Occipitale,  Rectus  capitis 
posticus  major. 

AXOI'DO-ATLOiDEUS.  What  refers  to 
both  the  axis  and  alias;  Axoido-utloidean  ar- 
ticulation. 

The  lesions  of  the  Axoido-atloidean  articula- 
tion, are,  1.  Fracture  of  the  Proccs'sus  Dcnta'- 


tus.  2.  Rupture  of  the  odontoid  ligament,  and 
consequently  passage  and  pressure  of  the  pro- 
cess behind  the  transverse  ligament:  and,  3. 
The  simultaneous  rupture  of  the  odontoid  and 
transverse  ligaments.  These  different  accidents 
are  fatal. 

AXOIDO-ATLOIDIEN,  Obliquus  inferior 
capitis. 

AXON.  Axis. 

AXUNGE,  Adeps  prsparata. 

AXUNGIA,  Pinguedo — a.  de  Mumia,  Mar- 
row—  a.  Articularis,  Synovia — a.  Porcina, 
Adeps  praeparata. 

AZARNET,  Orpiment. 

AZARUM,  Asarum. 

AZEDARACH,  Melia  Azedarach. 

AZEDARACHA  AMCENA,  Melia  Azeda- 
rach. 

AZOODYNA'MIA,  from  a,  priv.,  uo>/,  'life/ 
and  Swa/u i?,  'strength.'  Privation  or  diminu- 
tion of  the  vital  powers. 

AZORES,  CLIMATE  OF.  The  Azores  or 
Western  Islands  are  said  to  afford  one  of  the 
best  examples  of  a  mild,  humid,  equable  cli- 
mate to  be  met  with  in  the  northern  hemi- 
sphere. It  is  slightly  colder  and  moister  than 
that  of  Madeira,  but  even  more  equable.  Sir 
James  Clark  thinks,  that  a  change  from  Azores 
to  Madeira,  and  from  thence  to  Teneriffe — one 
of  the  Canaries,  would  prove  more  beneficial 
to  the  phthisical  valetudinarian  than  a  residence 
during  the  whole  winter  in  any  one  of  these 
islands. 

AZOTATE  D'ARGEXT,  Argenti  Nitras. 

A'ZOTE,  AZO'TUM,  from  a,  priv.  and  tar„ 
1  life.'  Azote  or  JYi'trogen,  Alcaligene,  Gas  azd- 
ticum,  (F.)  Air  gate,  Air  vide,  is  a  gas  which  is 
unfit  for  respiration.  It  is  not  positively  de- 
leterious, but  proves  fatal,  owing  to  the  want  of 
oxygen.  It  is  one  of  the  constituents  of  atmo- 
spheric air,  and  is  a  distinguishing  principle  of 
animals.  Vegetables  have  it  not  generally  dif- 
fused, whilst  it  is  met  with  in  most  animal  sub- 
stances. It  has  been  variously  called,  phlogistic 
air,  vitiated  air,  &c;  has  been  looked  upon  as 
sedative, and  recommended  to  be  respired,  when 
properly  diluted,  in  diseases  of  the  chest. 

Azote,  Protoxide  of,  Nitrogen,  gaseous 
oxide  of. 

AZOTENkSES,  from  azote,  and  roao?,  'dis- 
ease.' Diseases  fancied  to  be  occasioned  by  the 
predominance  of  azote  in  the  body. — Baumes. 

AZOTURIA.    See  Urine. 

AZUR.  Coral,  Smalt. 

AZU'RIUM.  A  compound  of  two  parts  of 
mercury,  one-third  of  sulphur,  and  one-fourth 
of  sal  ammoniac— Albert  the  Great. 

AZ'YGES,  Az'ijgos,  sine  pari,  from  a,  priv. 
and  tvyoc,  'equal.'  Unequal.  The  sphenoid 
bone,  because  it  has  no  fellow.  Also,  a  process, 
Proccs'sus  Az'yges,  projecting  from  under  the 
middle  and  forepart  of  this  bone. 

AZYGOS  MUSCLE,  Azygos  Uvulae,  is  the 
small  muscle,  which  occupies  the  substance  of 
the  uvula. — Morgagni.  The  name  is,  however, 
inappropriate,  as  there  are  two  distinct  fasci- 
culi, placed  along  side  each  other,  forming  the 
Palato-staphy/i'ni,  Staphyli'ni,  or  Epistaphyli'ni 
muscles,  Staphyli'ni  me'dii  of  Winslow. 

Azygos  Vein,  Vena  Azygos,  Veine  Prelombo- 
tlioraciquc—(Ch.)  Vena  sine  pari,  Vena  pari  ca- 
rens  (Y.)  Veine  sans  Paire.     This  vein  was  so 


BABEURRE 


8!) 


BAIN 


called  by  Galen.  It  forms  a  communication  be- 
tween the  V.  cava,  inferior  and  V.  cava  supe- 
rior, permitting  the  blood  to  pass  freely  between 
the  two.  It  rises  from  the  vena  cava  inferior, 
or  from  one  of  the  lumbar  or  renal  veins,  passes 
through  the  diaphragm,  ascends  along  the  spine 
to  the  right  of  the  aorta  and  thoracic  duct,  and 
opens  into  the  V.  cava  superior,  where  it  pene- 


trates the  pericardium.  On  the  left  side,  the 
skmi-az'ygos,  Left  bron'chial  or  left  superior  in- 
tercos'tal.  vein,  V.  demi-azygos,  Veine  petite  pri- 
lombo-tboracique — (Ch.J  presents,  in  miniature, 
nearly  the  same  arrangement. 

AZ'YMUS,  from  a,  priv.  and  tvfit),  'leaven.' 
Azymous  bread  is  unfermented,  unleavened 
bread. — Galen. 


B. 


BABEURRF,  Buttermilk. 
BABILLEMENT,  Loquacity. 
B  AC'ARIS,  Bach' oris.  A  name  given  by  the 
ancients  to  an  ointment  described  by  Galen 
under  the  name  Ointment  of  Lydia.  It  was 
sometimes  employed  in  diseases  of  the  womb. 
— Hippocr. 

BACCjE  BERMUDENSES,  Sapindus  sapo- 
naria — b.  seu  Grana  actes,  see  Sambucus  ebu- 
lus— b.  Myrtillorum,  see  Vaccinium  myrtillus 
— b.  Norlandicae,  Ftubus  arcticus — b.  Piscato- 
riae,  see  Menispermum  cocculus. 

BACCAR,  BACCAR1S,  or  BAC'CHARIS. 
An  herb  used  by  the  ancients  in  their  garlands, 
to  destroy  enchantment.  Perhaps  the  Digita- 
lis purpurea  (q.  v.)  Some  authors  have  erro- 
neously thought  it  to  be  the  Asarum. 

BACCHl'A,  from  Bacfchus, '  wine.'  A  name 
applied  to  the  red  or  pimpled  face  of  the  drunk- 
ard.    See  Gutta  rosea. 

BACCHICA,  Hedera  helix. 

BACHARIS,  Bacaris. 

BACHELOR'S  BUTTONS.  See  Strych- 
nos  nnx  vomica. 

BACILE,  Crithmum  marilimum. 

BACIL'LUM,  Badulus,  Bac'culvs :  'a  stick.' 
This  name  has  been  applied  to  a  kind  of  troch, 
composed  of  expectorants,  and  having  the  shape 
of  a  stick.  Bacillum  was  used  by  the  ancient 
chemists  for  several  instruments  of  iron. 

BACKACHE  ROOT,  Liatris. 

BACKSTROKE  OF  THE  HEART,  Im- 
pulse, diastolic. 

BACOVE,  Musa  sapientum. 

BACULUS,  Bacillum. 

BADEN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Ba- 
den is  a  town  six  miles  from  Vienna.  Here 
are  Yi  springs,  containing:  carbonates  of  lime 
and  magnesia  ;  sulphates  of  lime,  and  magnesia, 
and  soda:  and  chlorides  of  sodium  and  alu- 
minum. The  water  is  used  in  diseases  of  the 
skin,  iheumatism,  (\c.  There  are  two  other 
towns  of  the  same  name;  one  in  Suabia,  and 
the  other  in  Switzerland,  about  12  miles  from 
Zurich,  where  are  mineral  springs.  The  wa- 
ters of  the  last  two  are  thermal  sulphureous. 

BADIAGA.  A  kind  of  sponge,  sold  in  Rus- 
sia, the  powder  of  which  is  said  to  take  away 
the  livid  marks  from  blows  and  bruises  in  a  few 
hours.      Its  nature  is  not  understood. 

BADIANE,  lllicium  anisatum. 

BADISIS,  Walking. 

BADUKKA.  Capparis  badukka. 

BAGEDIA,  Pound. 

BAGNERESADOUR,  MINERAL  WA- 
TERS OP.  Basmeres-Adour  is  a  small  town 
in   the   department  of  the    Hautes   Pyrdndes, 


having  a  great  number  of  mineral  springs; 
some,  cold  chalybeates;  others,  thermal  sa- 
lines; but  the  greatest  part  sulphureous  and 
warm. 

BAGNERESDE  LUCHON  is  a  small  town 
in  the  department  of  Haute  Garonne,  on  the 
frontiers  of  Spain.  It  has  been  for  a  long  time 
famous  for  its  numerous  sulphureous  springs, 
the  temperature  of  which  is  from  Gt)°  to  146° 
of  Fahrenheit. 

BAGNIGGE  WELLS.  A  saline  mineral 
spring  in  London,  resembling  the  Epsom. 

BAGNIO,  Baignoire. 

BAGNOLS,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Bajrnols  is  a  village,  two  leagues  from  Mende, 
in  the  department  of  Lozcre.  The  waters  are 
hydrosulphurous  and  thermal :  109"  Fahren- 
heit. 

BAGNOLES,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Bagnoles  is  a  village  in  the  department  of  Orne. 
The  water  resembles  that  of  the  Bagnercs  de 
Luckon. 

BAGOAS,  Castralus. 

BAGUEJVAUDIER,  Colutea  arborescens. 

BAHAMA  ISLANDS, CLIMATE  OF.  The 
climate  of  the  Bahamas  is  not  considered  to  be 
well  adapted  for  consumptive  patients,  on  ac- 
count of  the  rapid  alternations  of  temperature, 
and  the  prevalence  of  winds,  often  of  a  dry, 
cold  character.  Still  the  phthisical  valetudina- 
rians from  most  portions  of  the  United  States 
might  derive  advantage  from  a  residence  there 
during  the  winter  months.  The  accommoda- 
tions are  not,  however,  good,  or  numerous. 

BAHEL,  Colum'nea  longifo'lia.  A  labiated< 
plant  of  Malabar,  whose  leaves,  bruised,  are  ap- 
plied as  cataplasms  to  suppurating  tumours. 

Bahki.  Schui.li,  Genista  spinosa  Indica. 

BAIGJ\  EUR,  Bather. 

BAIGNOIRE,  (F.)  Baptiste'rium,  a  Bathing 
tub,  Bagnio,  Solium,  Fisci'na.  The  vessel  or 
place  in  which  bathing  is  performed.  Baig* 
noire  oculaire,  an  eye-bath, — a  small  vessel  for 
bathing  the  eyes. 

BAILLEMENT,  Yawning. 
RAILLON,  Speculum  oris. 

BAIN,  Bath— b.  Chaud,  Bath,  hot— b.  Alcclri- 
que,  Bath,  electric,  see  Electricity — b.  Entier, 
Bath,  general  —  b.  de  Fautevil,  Bath,  hip— b. 
Fiats,  Bath,  tepid— b.  Froid,  Bath,  cold— ft.  Ma- 
rie, Bath,  water — b.  Medicinal,  Bath,  medicated 
— b. dePied,  Bath,  foot,  Pediluvium — b.de Sable, 
Bath,  sand— b.  de  Siege,  Bath,  hip— b.  Tempdrd, 
Bath,  tepid.  B.  Temperate— b.  de  Tele.  Bath, 
head— b.  Tied*,  Bath,  tepid— *.  Tres  froid,  Bath, 
cold — b.  de  Vapeur,  Bath,  vapour. 


BAINS 


90 


BALSAM  OF  ARCCEUS 


BAINS,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  These 
are  situate  at  Plombieres,  department  of  the 
Vosges.  They  are  said  to  be  saline  and  ther- 
mal by  some;  others  deny  them  any  medical 
propel  ties 

BALAMPULLI,  Tamarindns. 

BALANCE,  AREOSTAT1C,  Aerometer. 

BALA  N  DA,  Facnis  Sylvatica. 

BALANEUM.B.ith. 

BALANITIS,  Gonorrhosa  spuria. 

BALANOBLENNORRHCEA,  Gonorrhoea 
spuria. 

BALANOCASTANUM,  Bunium  Bulbocas- 
tannm. 

BALANORRHCEA,  Gonorrhoea  spuria. 

BA'LANOS.  fizXavc,?,  'glans,'  'an  acorn.' 
The  glans  penis.  Hence,  Balanoblcnnorrha/  a, 
Blennorrhcea  of  the  glans;  and  Balani'lis,  In- 
flammation of  the  glans.  Suppositories  and 
pessaries  were,  also,  so  called. 

Balanos  Phcenicos,  Date. 

BALANUS,  Glans— b.  Myrepsica,  Guilan- 
dina  moringa. 

BALARUC,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Ba- 
laruc  is  a  town  in  the  department  of  Herault, 
in  France.  The  waters  are  saline  and  ther- 
mal. They  contain  carbonic  acid,  carbonate  of 
lime,  carbonate  of  magnesia,  chlorides  of  so- 
dium, calcium,  and  magnesium,  sulphate  of 
'lime,  and  a  little  iron.  They  are  considered 
tonic,  and  are  largely  used.  Their  tempera- 
ture is  about  1  18°  Fahrenheit. 

Balardc  Water,  Factitious,  (F.)  Eau  dc 
Balaruc;  Aqua  Bcllilucana,  is  made  of  simple 
acidulous  water  (containing  twice  its  bulk  of 
carbonic  acid)  f.  jjxxss;  chloride  of  sodium,  giss; 
chloride  of  calcium,  gr.  xviij;  chloride  of  magne- 
sium, or.  56;  carbonate  of  magnesia,  gr.  j. 

BALATRO.  Bambalio. 

BALAUSTINE  FLOWERS.  See  Punica 
granatum. 

BALB1S,  p*lpi?,  'a  foundation.'  Any  ob- 
long cavity. — Galen.  Hippocrates,  in  his  trea- 
tise on  the  joints,  gives  the  name  Bulbitu'  des  to 
the  olecranon  cavity  of  the  humerus. 

BALBUS.  (F.)  Begue.  One  habitually  af- 
fected with  stammering.     A  stammerer. 

BALBU'TIES,  Psellis'mus,  Fsel'htes,  Blaf- 
sitas,  Baryglos'sia,  Dysla'lia,  Mogila'lia,  Isclto- 
pho'nia,  Baltaris'rnus,  Bamba'/ia;  (F  )  Balbutie- 
meat,  Bevaiement.  Stammering,  St.  Vitus's 
Dance  of  the  Voice.  Also,  vicious  and  incom- 
plete pronunciation,  in  which  almost  all  the 
consonants  are  replaced  by  the  letters  B  and  L 
.Travlis'mus. 

RALCHUS,  Bdellium. 

BALDMONEY,  iEthusa  Meum. 

BALENAS,  Leviathan  penis. 

BALIMBAGO,  Hibiscus  populeus. 

BALINEATOR,  Bather. 

BALL,  Pila. 

BALLISMUS,  Chorea. 

BALLONNEMEXT,  Tympanites. 

B AL' LOTA  FCF/n D A)  Murru'bium  nigrum, 
'Black  Hor e hound,  Stinking  H.  (F.)  Mar  rube 
noir.  This  plant  is  esteemed  to  be  anti-spas- 
modic, resolvent,  and  detersive.(?) 

Ballota  Lava'tv,  Leanu'rvs  lunn'tus.  A 
plant  of  the  Nat.  Family  Labiate,  Sex.  Sijsl. 
Didynamia  Gymnospermia,  which  grows  in 
Siberia.  The  whole  plant,  with  the  exception 
of  the  root,  has  recently  been  recommended  in 
dropsy,   and    in    rheumatism    and    gout,  as    a 


diuretic     It  is  usually  given  in  decoction  (|gg 
to  5j,  to  f  ijviij  of  water.) 

BALLOTTEMEXT  (F.J  Agitation,  Succus- 
sion,  Mouvement  de  Ballottement,  Repercussion, 
means  the  motion  impressed  on  the  fetus  in 
utero,  by  alternately  pressing  the  uterus  by 
means  of  the  index  finger  of  one  hand  intro- 
duced into  the  vagina;  the  other  hand  beinc 
applied  on  the  abdomen.  It  is  one  of  the  least 
equivocal  signs  of  pregnancy. 

'BALLSTON  SPA.  This  village  is  situate 
in  Saratoga  County,  New  York.  The  spring 
Sans  Souci  belongs  to  the  class  of  Acidulous 
Chalybeates.  It  contains  iodide  of  sodium. 
There  is  also  a  sulphur  spring. 

BALM,  Melissa — b.  Apple,  Momordica  bal- 
samina — b  Bastard,  Melitis  Melissophyllum— 
b.  of  Gilead,  Solomon's,  see  Tinctura  cardamo- 
mi — b.  of  Gilead  tree,  Dracocephaluni  cana- 
riense — b.  Indian,  Trillium  latifolium — b. Moun- 
tain, Monarda  coccinea — b.  Red,  Monarda  coc- 
cinea — b.  Slinking,  Hedeoma. 

BALNEA  CCENOSA,  Bout  des  cam. 

BALNEARIUM,  Hvpocaustum. 

BALNEARIUS,  Bather. 

BALNEATOR,  Bather. 

BALNEOL'OGY,  Balncolog"ia,  from  (lain- 
i*n.i',  '  a  bath,'  and  Xoyo$,  '  a  description.'  A 
treatise  on  baths. 

BALNEUM,  Bath— b.  Animale.  Bath,  ani- 
mal— b.  Arenas,  Bath,  sand— b.  Marine,  Bath, 
water — b.  Medicalum,  Bath,  medicated. 

BALSAM.  Bal'samum,  (q.  v.;  Bol'eson,  Bel> 
csan.  (F  )  Bourne.  This  name  is  given  to  na- 
tural vegetable  substances,  concrete  or  liquid, 
but  very  odorous,  bitter,  arid  piquant:  com- 
posed of  resin,  benzoic  acid,  and  sometimes  of 
an  essential  oil; — which  allow  benzoic  acid  to 
be  disengaged  by  the  action  of  heat;  readily 
dissolve  in  volatile  oil,  alcohol,  and  elher;  and, 
when  treated  with  alcalis,  afford  a  soluble  ben- 
zoate.  and  throw  down  resin.  We  know  of 
only  five  balsams: — those  of  Peru,  and  Tolu, 
Benzoin,  solid  Sty  rax  or  Storax,  and  liquid 
Styrax.  See  those  different  words.  There  are, 
however,  many  pharmaceutical  preparations 
and  resinous  substances,  possessed  of  a  balsamic 
smell,  to  which  the  name  balsam  has  been 
given;  but  they  differ  essentially  in  compo- 
sition and  properties:  hence  the  distinction  of 
balsams  into  natural  and  artificial.  The  natu- 
ral balsams  include  the  five  before  mentioned; 
the  artificial  the  remainder. 

Balsam,  Acous'tic.  Bal'samum.  Acnus'ticum. 
(F.)  Baume  acoustique.  A  mixture  of  fixed  and 
essential  oils,  sulphur,  and  tinctures  of  fetid 
gums.  Used  in  cases  of  atonic  deafness,  dropped 
into  the  ear.  . 

Balsam,  American,  see  Myroxylon  Peruife- 
rum — b.  Anodyne,  Bates's,  Linimentum  sa- 
ponis  et  opii. 

Balsam,  Apoplec'tic,  Bal'samum  Jlpnpltc1- 
licum,  (F.)  Baume  apoplectique.  A  medicine, 
composed  of  several  balsams  properly  so  called, 
resins,  and  volatile  oils.  It  is  of  a  stiff  consist- 
ence, is  worn  in  ivory  boxes  about  the  person, 
and  is  smelled  at  in  headachs,  &c. 

Balsam  Apple,  Momordica  balsamina. 

Balsam  ok  Arcos'us,  Bal'samum  Jrcai.  Un- 
guen'tum  Etemi,  (F.J  Baume  d'Arcaus.  A  soft 
ointment;  sometimes  employed  in  wounds,  ul- 
cers. &c.     It  is  made  by  melting,  with  a  o-e'iitle 


BALSAM  CANADA 


91 


BALSAM  OF  RACKASIRA 


heat,  two  parts  of  mutton  suet,  one  oflard,  one    of  opium,  aloes,  asafcetida,  castor,  distilled  oils 


and  a  half  of  turpentine,  and  as  much  resin 

Balsam  Canada, see  Pinus  balsamea — b. Ca- 
nary, Dracoceplialum  canariense — b.  Capivi, 
Copaiba. 

Balsam  of  Carpa'thca,  Bal'samum  Car- 
patli'icum.  (F  )  Baume  de  Carputhie.  The  resin 
of  the  Pinus  Cembra,  (q.  v.)  a  tree,  which  grows 
in  Switzerland,  Libya,  and  the  Krapac  moun- 
tains in  Hungary. 

Balsam,  Chalyb'eate,  Bul'samum  Chaly- 
Beaftum,  (F.)  Baume  d'acier  ou  d' aiguilles.  A 
mixture  of  nitrate  of  iron,  alcohol,  and  oil,  pre- 
pared by  dissolving  needles  in  nitric  acid.  Jl 
was  formerly  employed  in  frictions  in  pains  of 
the  joints. 

Balsam,  Commander's,  Tinctura  benzoin! 
composila— b.  for  Cuts,  Tinctura  benzoini  com- 
posita. 

Balsam,  Cordial,  of  Senner'tus,  Bal'sa- 
mum  Cordia'ls  Seiuicr'ti,  (F.)  Baume  cordiule  de 
Sennert.  A  stimulant  medicine,  composed  of  the 
essential  oils  of  citron,  cloves,  and  cinnamon, 
of  musk,  and  ambergris.  Dose,  6  to  15  drops. 
Balsam,  Sriu'rruoi's,  of  Fioraventi,  Bul'- 
samum Fioravcn'ti  spirituo'sum,  (F.)  Baume  de 
Fioraventi  spiritueux.  Different  products  of  the 
distillation  of  resinous  and  balsamic  substances, 
and  of  a  number  of  aromatic  substances,  pre- 


of  rue,  amber,  &c.  It  is  held  to  the  nose,  ap- 
plied to  the  navel,  or  rubbed  on  the  hypogas- 
trium  in  hysterical  cases. 

Balsam,  Indian,  see  Myroxylon  Peruiferum. 

Balsam  of  Leictoure,  of  Condom  or  Vin- 
ceguere,  Bul'samum  LectorensS.  A  strongly 
stimulant  and  aromatic  mixture  of  camphor, 
saffron,  musk,  and  ambergris,  dissolved  in  es- 
sential oils.  The  ancients  burnt  it  for  the  pur- 
pose of  purifying  the  air  of  a  chamber,  when 
infested  with  a  disagreeable  odour. 

Balsam  of  Life,  of  Hoff'man,  Bal'samum 
Vita  Hoffman! ni,  (F.)  Baume  de  Vie  d'  Hoffman. 
A  tincture,  composed  of  essential  oils  and  am- 
bergris, employed  internally  and  externally  as 
a  stimulant.  A  mixture  of  essential  oils  with- 
out alcohol  constitutes  the  Saxon  Balsam,  BaH- 
sarnum  apoplec'ticum,  B.  aromut'icum,  B.  ce- 
plml'icum,  B.  Saxon'icum,  B.  nervinum,  B. 
Scherzeri,  B.  Stomach' icum.  Employed  in 
friction  as  a  stimulant. 

Balsam  of  Life.  Decoctum  aloes  composi- 
tum — b.  of  Life,  Turlington's,  see  Tinctura 
benzoini  composita. 

Balsam  of  Locatel'li  or  Lucatel'li,  Bal'- 
samum  Lucutei'li,  (F.)  Baume  de  Lucatel.  A  sort 
of  ointment,  composed  of  wax,  oil,  turpentine, 
sherry,  and  balsam  of  Peru,  coloured  with  red 


viously  macerated  in  alcohol,  have   been  thus  j  saunders.     It  was  once  administered  in  pulmo- 
called.     The  Spirituous  Balsam  of  Fioraventi,    nary  consumption. 


the  only  one  now  used  in  friction,  in  chronic 
rheumatism,  is  the  first  product  of  the  distilla- 
tion from  a  sand-bath.  It  is  entirely  alcoholic. 
The  Oily  Balsam  of  Fioraventi  is  obtained  by 
removing  the  residue,  and  distilling  it  in  an 
iron  vessel,  at  a  while  heat.  It  has  the  appear- 
ance of  a  citrine-coloured  oil.  The  Black  Bal- 
sam if  Fioraventi,  is  the  black  oil,  obtained 
when  the  temperature  is  sufficient  to  carbonize 
the  substances  in  the  cucurbit. 

Balsam  of  Fir,  see  Pinus  balsamea 


Balsam  of  Mecca,  see  Amyris  opobalsamum 
— b.  Mexican,  see  Myroxylon  Peruiferum — b. 
Natural,  see  Myroxylon  Peruiferum. 

Balsam,  Green,  of  Mf.tz,  Bal'samum  Vir'idZ 
Meten'sium,  Bal'samum  Vir'ide,  (F.)  Baume  vert 
de  Metz,  Baume  de  Feuillct,  Huile  verte,  O'leum 
ox'ydi  cupri  vir'idB.  This  is  composed  of  seve- 
ral fixed  oils,  holding,  in  solution,  subcarbonate 
of  copper,  sulphate  of  zinc,  turpentine,  aloes, 
and  the  essential  oils  of  cloves  and  juniper.  It 
is  green  and  caustic,  and  is  employed  to  hasten 


Balsam  of  Fouhcroy  or  of  Laborde,  (F.)  j  the  cicatrization  of  atonic  ulcers 
Baume  de  Fourcroy  ou  de  Labordc.     A  kind  of  I       Balsam,  Nephrit'ic,  of  Fuller,  Bal'samum 
liniment  composed  of  aromatic  plants,  balsams, !  A'ephret'icum  Fulleri.     A  liquid  medicine,  com 


resins,  aloes,  turpentine,  theriac,  and  olive  oil 
Used  in  chaps  of  the  skin  and  nipples. 

Balsam,  Friar's,  Tinctura  benzoini  compo- 
sita. 

.Balsam  of  Genevieve,  (F.)  Baume  de  Gene- 
vihee.  An  ointment  composed  of  wax,  turpen- 
tine, oil,  red  saunders,  and  camphor.  Used  in 
contused  wounds,  gangrene,  &c. 

Balsam    of    Honey   ('Hill's.)     A   tincture 


posed  of  oils,  resins,  arid  balsams,  which  have 
experienced  an  incipient  state  of  carbonization 
from  concentrated  sulphuric  acid.  It  was  given 
in  the  dose  of  15  to  30  drops  in  certain  affec- 
tions of  the  kidneys. 

Balsam,  Nervous,  Bal'samum  Nervinum,  (F.) 
Baume  nervin  ou  nerval.  A  kind  of  ointment, 
composed  of  fatty  bodies,  volatile  oils,  balsam 
of  Peru,   camphor,   <fcc.     It   is  employed   by 


made  of  tola,  honey  (aa  lb  j )  and  spirit,  (a  gallon.)  I  friction  in  cases  of  sprains  and  rheumatic  pains. 


A  pectoral,  used  in  coughs.  The  committee  of 
the  New  York  College  of  Pharmacy  recom- 
mend the  following  formula:  —  (Gum  Benzoin 
^v,  Bals.  Tolut  sJ,Mellis,  .^viij,  Alcohol  Oiij— 
digest  for  10  days  and  filter  )  See  Mel. 

Balsam  of  Horf.hound  (Ford's  )  A  tinc- 
ture of  horeliound,  liquorice-root,  camphor,  opi- 
um, benzoin,  dried  squills,  oil  of  aniseed,  and 
honey.  It  has  the  same  properties  as  the  above. 
.See  Mairubinm. 

Balsam,  Hungarian,  see  Pinus  mughos. 

Balsam,  Hypxo-i'ic,  Bui' ytnnum  Hypnol'icum, 
(F.)  Baume  Hypnolique.  A  preparation  of  which 
opium,  hyoscyamus,  camphor,  and  some  other 
sedative  substances  form  the  basis  It  is  used, 
externally  in  friction,  to  provoke  sleep. 

Balsam,  Hvsti.r'ic,  Bul'samum  Hyste/icum, 
(F.)  Baume  llyslirique.     A  preparation  made 


Balsam,  Paralyt'ic  of  Mynsicht.  A  sort 
of  liniment  or  soft  mixture  of  the  essential  oils 
of  different  aromatic  plants,  oils  of  turpentine 
and  amber. — Leinery. 

Balsam  of  Parei'ra  brava,  Bal'samum  Pa- 
rei'ra-bravx.  A  soft  mixture  of  balsam,  resin, 
muriate  of  ammonia,  and  powder  of  the  root  of 
Pareira-brava.  It  is  given  internally,  to  excite 
the  urinary  secretion. 

Balsam,  Peruvian,  see  Myroxylon  Peruife- 
rum— b.  of  Peru,  red,  see  Toluifera  balsamum 
— b.  of  Peru,  white,  see  Myroxylon  Peruiferum. 

Balsam  of  Rackasi'ra  or  of  Rakasi'ri.  This 
substance  is  of  a  yellowish-brown  colour;  semi- 
transparent;  fragile,  when  dry,  but  softening 
by  heat;  adhering  to  the  teeth,  when  chewed. 
It  has  a  smell  similar  to  that  of  the  Balsam  of 
Tolu,  and  is  slightly  bitter.     It  is  brought  from 


BALSAM,  RIGA 


92 


BAMBOO 


India  in  gourd  shells,  and  has  been  employed 
in  diseases  of  the  urinary  organs,  especially  in 
gonorrhoea. 

Balsam,  Riga.  Prepared  from  the  shoots  of 
the  Scotch  Fir,  macerated  in  spirit  of  wine. 
Internally,  stimulant  and  diuretic;  externally,  a 
vulnerary.     See  Pinus  Cembra. 

Balsam  ok  Sat'urn,  Bal'samum  Satur'ni.  A 
solution  of  acetate  of  lead  in  spirit  of  turpen- 
tine, concentrated  by  evaporation  ;  and  to  which 
camphor  has  been  added.  This  balsam  was  ap- 
plied to  hasten  the  cicatrization  of  wounds. 

Balsam  of  the  Samar'itan,  (F.)  Baume  du 
Samariluin.  A  sort  of  liniment,  prepared  by 
boiling  together,  at  a  gentle  heat,  equal  parts 
of  wine  and  oil.  It  is  said  to  have  been  the 
ointment  used  by  the  Samaritan  of  the  Gospel 
to  cure  a  patient  covered  with  ulcers. 

Balsam,  Saxon,  Balsam  of  Life  of  Hoff- 
mann. 

Balsam  of  Sulphur,  Bal'samum  Sul'phuris, 
(F.)  Baume  de  Soufre.  A  solution  of  sulphur 
in  oil. — B.  suljih.  anisa'tum,  (F.)  B.  de  Sovfre 
anise.  A  solution  of  sulphur  in  essential  oil  of 
aniseed;  given  as  a  carminative. — B.  Sulph. 
succina'tum,  (F.)  B.  de  Sovfre  succini.  A  solu- 
tion of  sulphur  in  oil  of  amber — B.  Sulphur  is 
tr.rebinthi.na' turn,  Common  Dutch  Drops.  (F.)  B. 
de  sovfre  lerebinlhine.  A  solution  of  sulphur  in 
essential  oil  of  turpentine,  administered  as  a 
diuretic. — The  Balsam  of  Sulphur  o/Ruland  is 
a  solution  of  sulphur  in  linseed  oil  or  nut  oil. 

Balsam  of  Svm'pathv,  Balsamum  Sympath'- 
icum.  (F.)  Baume  de  Symputhie.  A  balsam,  used 
in  the  days  when  sympathetic  influence  was 
strongly  believed  in.  It  was  composed  of  the 
raspings  of  a  human  skull,  blood,  and  human 
fat,  and  was  applied  to  the  instrument  which 
had  inflicted  the  wound. 

Balsam,  Thibaot's.  A  tincture  of  myrrh, 
aloes,  dragon's  blood,  flowers  of  St.  John's  wort, 
and  Chio  turpentine.  Internally,  diuretic;  ex- 
ternally, vulnerary.  ' 

Balsam  of  Tolu,  see  Toluifera  Balsamum. 

Balsam,  Tranquil,  Bal'samum  tranquil lum. 
(F.)  B.  tranquil/e.  A  liquid  medicine  employed, 
externally,  in  the  shape  of  friction  :  it  is  pre- 
pared by  macerating  and  boiling,  in  olive  oil, 
narcotic  and  poisonous  plants, — belladonna, 
mandragora,  hyoscyamus,  &c. — and  afterwards 
infusing,  in  the  filtered  decoction,  different  aro- 
matic plants.     It  was  employed  as  an  anodyne. 

Balsam,  Turkey,  Dracocephalum  Cana- 
riense. 

Balsam  of  Turpentine,  Dutch  Drops,  Bal'- 
samum Terebin' thinx.  Obtained  by  distilling 
oil  of  turpentine  in  a  glass  retort,  until  a  red 
balsam  is  left.  It  possesses  the  properties  of 
the  turpentines. 

Balsam,  Vervain's,  Tinctura  Benzoini  com- 
posita. 

Balsam,  Vul'nerarv,  of  Mindere'rus,  Bal'- 
samum vainer  a' rivm  Minder  e'ri,  (F.)  B.  vvlnt- 
raire  de  Mindeher.  A  kind  of  liniment,  com- 
posed of  turpentine,  resin  elemi,oil  of  St.  John's 
wort,  and  wax.  Employed  in  friction,  and  as 
a  dressing  to  wounds. 

Balsam  Wf.kd,  Impntiens  fulva. 

Balsam,  Wound,  Tinctura  Benzoini  com- 
posita. 

BALSAMADENDRON    GILEADENSE, 
Amyris  Gileadensis — b.  Myrrha,  see  Myrrha. 

BALSAMELiEON,  Myroxylon  Peruiferum. 


BALSAM'IO,  Balsam'tcus,  from  (talaauor,  'bal- 
sam.' Possessing  the  qualities  of  balsams.  Bal- 
samic odour: — a  sweet,  faint,  and  slightly  nau- 
seous smell.  Balsamic  substance ; — One  resem- 
bling the  balsams  in  property. 

BALSAMIER  ELiMIFkRE,  Amyris  elemi- 
fera — b.  de  la  Mecque,  Amyris  opobalsamum. 

BALSAMINA,  Momordica  balsamina. 

BALSAMINE,  Momordica  balsamina. 

BALSAMITA  FOZMIJNEA,  Achillea  agera- 
tum — b.  Mas,Tanacetum  balsamita. 

Balsami'ta  Suav'eolens,  B.  odora'ta,  B. 
maris,  Mentha  Saracen' ica,  M.  Roma'na.  Fam. 
Composite  Corymbifera.  Sex.  Syst.Syngenesia. 
Polygamia  superflua.  A  plant,  common  in  the 
south  of  France,  and  cultivated  in  the  gardens; 
where  it  bears  the  names  Menthecoq,  Grund 
baume,  Baume  des  Jardins.  Its  smell  is  strong 
and  aromatic,  and  taste  hot.  It  is  used' for  the 
same  purposes  as  the  tansey,  i.  e.  as  a  stimulant, 
vermifuge,  &c. 

Balsamita  Suaveolehs,  Tanacetum  balsa- 
mita. 

BALSAMO-SACCHARUM,  Eteo-Saccha- 
rum. 

BALSAMUM,  see  Balsam,  Amyris  opobalsa- 
mum— b.  ^Egyptiacum,  see  Amyris  opobalsa- 
mum— b.  Album,  see  Myroxylon  peruiferum — 
b.  Alpini,  Dracocephalum  canariense — b.  Al- 
pini,  see  Amyris  opobalsamum — b.  Anodynum, 
Linimentum  saponis  et  opii — b.  Apoplecticum, 
Balsam  of  life  of  Hoffmann — b.  Aromaticum, 
Balsam  of  life  of  Hoffmann — b.  Asiaticum,  see 
Amyris  opobalsamum — b.  Braziliense,  Copaiba 
— b.  Calaba,  see  Fagara  octandra — b.  Catholi- 
cum,  Tinctura  benzoini  composita — b.  Cepha- 
licum,  Balsam  of  life  of  Hoffmann — b.  Copaibse, 
Copaiba — b.  Genuinum  antiquorum,  see  Amy- 
ris opobalsamum — b.  Hyperici  simplex,  see  Hy- 
pericum perforatum — b.  Judaicum,  see  Amyris 
opobalsamum — b.  Libani,  see  Finns  cembra — 
b.  Maria;,  see  Fagara  octandra — b.  e  Mecca,  see 
Amyris  opobalsamum — b.  Mercnriale,  Ungtien- 
tum  hydrargyri  nilratis — b.  Nervinum,  Balsam 
of  life  of  Hoffmann — b.  Ophtbalmicum  rubrum, 
Unguentum  hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydi — b.  Persi- 
cum,  Tinctura  benzoini  composita — b.  Perua- 
num,  see  Myroxylon  Peruiferum — b.  Satuminum, 
Unguentum  plumbi  superacetatis — b.Scherzeri, 
Balsam  of  life  of  Hoffmann — b.  Stomachicum, 
Balsam  of  life  of  Hoffmann — b.Styracis,  Styrax 
— b.  Styracis  benzoini,.  Benjamin — b.  Succini, 
see  Succinum — b.  Sulphuris  Barbadense,  Pe- 
troleum sulphuratum— b.  Sulphuris  simplex, 
Oleum  sulphuratum — b.  Syriacum,  see  Amyris 
opobalsamum — b.  Tolulanum,  see  Toluifera  bal- 
samum— b.  Traumaticum,  Tinctura  benzoini 
composita — b.  Universale,  Unguentum  plumbi 
superacetatis — b.  Viride,  Balsam,  green, of  Metz, 
see  Fagara  octandra. 

BALSEM,  Amyris  opobalsamum. 

BAMBA,  Bamboo. 

BAM  BALI  A,  Balbuties. 

BAMBA'LIO,  Bala'tro,  from  (laufiatrw,  'I 
speak  inarticulately.'  One  who  stammers  or 
lisps,  or  utters  inarticulate  sounds.  According 
to  Krause,  one  who  speaks  as  if  he  had  pap 
in  his  mouth,  or  as  if  the  tongue  were  para- 
lyzed. 

BAMBOO,  (F.)  Bambou,  Bamhu.  Fam.  Gra- 
mineje.  Sex.  Syst.  Hexandria  Monogynia.  The 
young  shoots  of  the  Bumbo*  arundimfcea  or 
Arun'do  bambos,  and  of  the  Bambos  vcrticiUa'ta 


BAMBOS  ARUNDINACEA 


93 


BAJYDELETTES  DECOUPLES 


contain  a  saccharine  pith,  of  which  the  people 
of  both  the  Indies  are  very  fond.  They  are 
sometimes  made  into  a  pickle. 

BAMBOS  ARUiNDlNACEA,  Bamboo— b. 
Verticillata,  Bamboo. 

BAM IX  MOSCHATA,  Hibiscus  abelmos- 
chus. 

BAMMA,  from  fonTw,  'I  plunge,'  'a  paint; 
a  dye.'  Anciently,  liquids  were  so  called,  in 
which  certain  bodies  were  plunged,  to  moisten 
or  soften  them.  In  the  case  of  tea,  for  instance, 
into  which  bread  is  dipped,  the  tea  would  be 
the  bamma. 

BANANA,  Musa  sapientum. 

BANAjYIER,  Musa  sapientum. 

BANAUSIA,  Charlatanry. 

BANC  D'HIPPOCRATE,  Bathron. 

BANCAL,  (F.)  One  who  has  deformed  legs. 
It  includes  the  valgus  compernis,  and  varus, 
which  see. 

BANCROCHE,  (F.)  A  vulgar  epithet  for  a 
rickety  individual. 

B  A  N'DA  G  E  Desma,  Hypodes'mis,  from  Sax 
bindan, '  to  bind.'  This  word,  with  the  French, 
is  generally  used  to  express  the  methodical  ap- 
plication of  rollers,  compresses,  &c,  to  fix  an 
apparatus  upon  any  part:  corresponding  to  the 
words  delicti' I in,  fascia' tio,  fascia' rum  applica'tio, 
epid'esis.  With  us  the  noun  is  usually  applied 
to  the  result  of  the  application :  or  to  the  ban- 
dage itself; — a  sense  in  which  the  French  em- 
ploy the  word  Bunde.  Bandages  are  simple  or 
compound.  The  simple  bandage  is  equal,  if  the 
turns  are  applied  circularly  above  each  other; 
unequal,  if  the  turns  are  not  accurately  applied 
upon  each  other.  If  each  turn  of  the  bandage 
be  only  covered  one-third,  it  forms  the  doloire 
of  the  French;  if  the  edges  touch  only  slightly, 
it  is  the  mousse  ;  if  the  turns  are  very  oblique 
and  separated,  it  is  the  spiral  or  creeping,  (F.) 
rampant ;  if  folded  upon  each  other,  it  is  termed 
the  reversed,  (F.)  renverse.  By  uniting  various 
kinds  of  bandaging,  we  have  the  compound;  and 
these  compound  bandages  have  received  various 
names  expressive  of  their  figure,  or  of  the  parts 
to  which  they  are  applied,  as  capislrum,  spica, 
Ac.  Bandages  are  divided,  also,  as  regards 
their  uses,  into  uniting,  dividing,  retaining,  ex- 
pelling, compressing,  fyc. 

Bandage  or  Roller,  Fascia,  (q.  v.)  Taenia, 
Epides'rnos,  Vin'culum,  the  Bande  of  the  French 
is  derived  from  (G.)  b  i  n  d  e  n,  'to  bind.'  It 
may  be  made  of  linen,  flannel,  or  other  stuff 
capable  of  offering  a  certain  resistance.  The 
two  extremities  of  a  bandage  are  called  tails, 
(F.)  chefs,  and  the  rolled  part  is  termed  its 
head,  (F.)  globe.  If  rolled  at  both  extremities, 
it  is  called  a  double-headed  roller  or  bandage, 
(F.)  Bande  a  deux  globes. 

Bandage,  Bodv,  Manti'lS,  (F.)  Bandage  de 
Corps,  is  used  for  fixing  dressings,  &c.  to  the 
trunk.  It  is  formed  of  a  towel,  napkin,  or  some 
large  compress,  folded  three  or  four  times;  the 
extremities  of  which  are  fastened  by  pins. 
This  is  again  fixed  by  means  of  the  scapulury 
bandage,  which  is  nothing  more  than  an  ordi- 
nary bandage,  stitched  to  the  anterior  and  mid- 
dle part  of  the  napkin,  passing  over  the  clavi- 
cles and  behind  the  head,  to  be  attached  to  the 
back  part  of  the  napkin. 

Bandage,  Compressing,  or  Roller,  Fascia 
compression  squ  conrolu'ta,  (F.J  Bandage  com- 
prestif  ou  roule,  is  the  simple  roller  with  one 


head;  and  is  employed  in  cases  of  ulcers,  va- 
rices, &c.  of  the  limbs.  Whenever  this  roller 
is  applied  to  the  lower  part  of  the  limbs,  it  is 
carried  upwards  by  the  doloire  and  reversed 
methods  above  described. 

Bandage,  Eighteentailed,  Fascia  octod'- 
ecim  capit'ibus  (F.)  Bandage  a  dix  huit  chefs. 
This  bandage  is  made  of  a  longitudinal  portion 
of  a  common  roller;  and  with  a  sufficient  num- 
ber of  transverse  pieces  or  tails,  to  cover  as 
much  of  the  part  as  is  requisite.  It  is  a  very 
useful  bandage,  inasmuch  as  it  can  be  undone 
without  disturbing  the  part. 

Bandage,  Galen's,  or  B.  for  the  Poor,  Fas- 
cia Galeni  seu  Pau'perum,  (F.)  Bandage  de 
Galien  ou  des  pauvres,  Galea,  is  a  kind  of  cu- 
cul.'lus  or  hood,  (F.)  Couvrechef,  divided  into 
three  parts  on  each  side;  and  of  which  Galen 
has  given  a  description.     See  Cancer  Galeni. 

Bandages,  Hernial,  see  Truss. 

B  a  nd  a  ge,Immov  able,  Apparatus,  immovable. 

Bandage,  Inguinal,  Fascia  inguina'lis.  A 
bandage  for  keeping  dressings  applied  to  the 
groin.  It  consists  of  a  cincture,  to  which  is 
attached  a  triangular  compress,  adapted  for 
covering  the  groin.  To  the  lower  extremity 
of  this,  one  or  two  bandages  are  attached, 
which  pass  under  the  thigh,  and  are  fixed  to 
the  posterior  part  of  the  cincture.  This  band- 
age may  be  either  simple  or  double. 

Other  bandages  will  be  found  described  un- 
der their  various  names. 

Bandage,  Permanent,  Apparatus,  immova- 
ble— b.  of  the  Poor,  see  Cancer  Galeni;  and 
Bandage,  Galen's. 

Bandage  of  separate  Strips,  or  B.  of 
Sculte'tus,  Fas'ciafasci'olis  separa'tim  dispos'- 
itis  seu  Sca/te'ti,  (F.)  Bandage  a  bandeletles  si- 
paries  ou  dc  Scul.let.  This  is  formed  of  linen 
strips,  each  capable  of  surrounding  once  and  a 
half  the  part  to  which  they  have  to  be  applied, 
and  placed  upon  each  other,  so  as  to  cover, 
successively,  one-third  of  their  width.  It  is 
used  chiefly  for  fractures,  Requiring  frequent 
dressing. 

BANDAGE  DIVISIF,  Dividing  bandage— 
b.  en  Doloiie,  Doloire — b.  Unissunt,  Uniting 
bandage. 

BAN'DAGIST.  Qne  whose  business  it  is  to 
make  bandages,  and  especially  those  for  hernia. 

BAJYDE,  Bandage.  The  word  Bande,  in 
anatomy,  is  used  by  the  French  for  various 
narrow,  flat,  and  elongated  expansions.  Bande 
a"  lliliodore,  is  a  kind  of  bandage  for  support- 
ing the  mammae. 

^BANDEAU  (F.)  A  kind  of  simple  bandage, 
which  consists  of  a  piece  of  cloth,  folded  four 
times,  and  applied  round  the  head.  There  is 
also  the  Bandeau  ou  Mouchoir  en  triangle  or 
triangular  bandage,  a  kind  of  couvrechef 
(which  see,)  made  of  a  square  piece  of  cloth,  or 
of  a  handkerchief,  folded  diagonally,  and  ap- 
plied round  the  head, 

BANDELETTE  (F.)  Diminutive  of  Bande, 
Fasciula,  Tieniola,  Vitta;  a  narrow  bandage, 
strip  or  fillet.    Also  Taenia  semicircularis  (q.  v.) 

BAjYDELETTES  JGGLUTINATIVES, 
small  strips,  covered  with  a  glutinous  plaster. 
Vittse  agglutinan'tes.     See  AgglulinanL 

BANDELETTES  DECOUPLES,  are  strips 
of  linen,  notched  on  one  edge,  and  covered,  on 
one  side,  with  ointment.    They  are  applied  to 


BANDURA 


04 


BARNET 


wounds  to  prevent  the  lint  from  sticking,  and 
the  laceration  of  the  cicatrix. 

BANDELETTE  SEMJCIRCULAIRE,  Taj- 
nia  semicircularis — b.  ties  Cornes  d'ammon,  Cor- 
pus fimbriatuin — b.  des  Eminences  pyriformcs, 
Taenia  semicircularis — b.  de  I'Hippocampe,  Cor- 
pora fimbfiata. 

BANDURA,  Nepentha  destillatoria. 

BAN  EBERRY,  Aciaia  spicata. 

BANGUE  or  BANG1  or  BENG,  Indian 
hemp,  Gunjuh.  Adanson  believes  this  to  be  the 
Nepenthes  of  the  ancients,  Can'nabis  In'dica, 
probably  identical  with  C.  sativa.  Family, 
Urticeee.  Sex.  Syst.  Dicecia  Pentandria.  Its 
leaves  and  flowers  are  narcotic  and  astringent 
They  are  chewed  and  smoked.  Its  seeds,  mixed 
with  opium,  areca,  and  sugar,  produce  a  kind 
of  intoxication,  and  are  used  for  this  purpose  by 
the  people  of  India.  An  alcoholic  extract  of 
the  plant  has  been  used  in  India,  and  since  then 
in  Europe  and  this  country  as  a  narcotic,  and 
anti-convulsive,  in  the  dose  of  from  half  a  grain 
to  ten  or  more.  It  requires,  however,  great 
caution  in  its  administration.  See  Gunjah 
and  Chukrus. 

BANICA,  Pastinaca  sativa. 

BANILAS,  Vanilla. 

BANILLA,  Vanilla. 

BANILLOES,  Vanilla. 

BANISTE'RIA  ANGULO'SA.  This  plant, 
in  Brazil  and  the  Antilles,  passes  for  a  power- 
ful sudorific,  and  an  antidote  to  the  poison  of 
serpents. 

BANNIERES,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Bannieres  is  a  village  in  Quercy,  diocess  of 
Cahors,  France.  The  waters  are  probably 
chalybeate.  They  are  celebrated  in  amenor- 
rhcea,  cachexia,  jaundice,  &c. 

B A'O BAB.  The  Adanso'nia  digita'ta ,  of  A f- 
rica;  Nat.  Ord.  Bombaceoe ;  one  of  the  largest 
productions  of  the  vegetable  kingdom.  Its 
fruit  is  called,  in  the  country,  Pain  de  singe. 
The  pulp  is  sourish,  and  agreeable  to  eat :  and 
a  refreshing  drink  is  made  from  it,  which  is 
used  in  fevers.  Prospero  Alpini  and  Dr.  L. 
Franck,  think  that  the  Terra  Lcmnia  was  pre- 
pared, in  Egypt,  from  the  pulp.  All  the  parts 
of  the  Baobab  abound  in  mucilage. 

B APTISI A  Tl NCTORIA , Sophora tinctoria. 

BAPTISTERIUM,  Baignoire. 

BARAQUETTE,  (F.)  A  name  givtm  by  Ra- 
sous,  physician  at  Nimes  in  France,  to  a  ca- 
tarrhal epidemy,  which  occurred  there  in  1761. 
See  Influenza. 

BARATHRON,  Juniperus  sabina. 

BARATHRUM,  Antrum. 

BARBA,  Beard — b.  Aaronis,  Arum  macula- 
turn— b.  Capree,  Spiraea  ulmaria — b.  Jovis,  Sem- 
pervivnm  tectorum. 

BARBA  DOES,  see  West  Indies— b.  Leg,  see 
Elephantiasis. 

BARBA  REA,  Erysimum  Barbarea. 

BARBAROS'S^E  PIL'ULiE,  Barbarossa's 
Pills.  An  ancient  composition  of  quicksilver, 
rhubarb,  diagridium,  musk,  &c.  It  was  the 
first  internal  mercurial  medicine,  which  ob- 
tained any  real  credit. 

BAR  BE,  Beard— b.  de  Bouc,  Tragopogon. 

BAR  BEAU,  Cvanus  segelum. 

BARBER  CHIRUR'GEONS.  A  Corporation 
of  London,  instituted  by  king  Edward  IV.  The 
barbers  were  separated  from  the  surgeons,  by 
18  Geo.  II.  c.  15;  and  the  latter  were  erected 


into  a  Royal  College  of  Surgeons  at  the  com- 
mencement of  the  present  century.         » 

BARBERIE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
These  mineral  waters  are  half  a  league  from 
Nantes.  They  contain  carbonic  acid,  chlorides 
of  magnesium  and  sodium,  sulphate  of  magne- 
sia, carbonates  of  magnesia,  lime,  and  iron. 
They  are  used  as  chalybeates. 

BARBERRY,  Oxycantha  Galeni— b.  Ame- 
rican, see  Oxycantha  Galeni. 

BARBIERS.  A  variety  of  paralysis  chiefly 
prevalent  in  India,  and  by  many  considered  to 
be  the  same  as  Beriberi  (q.v.)  Beriberi  is  com- 
monly an  acute  disease.  Barbiers  is  generally 
chronic. 

BARBIT1UM,  Beard. 
BARBOTIJYE,  Artemisia  Santonica. 
BARBULA  CAPRINA,  Spiraea  ulmaria. 
BARDADIA,  Pound. 

BARDANA,  Arctium  lappa — b.  Minor,  Xan- 
thium. 
BARDANE  PETITE,  Xanthinm. 
BAREGES,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Bareges  is  a  village  in  the  department  of 
Hautes  Pyrenees,  near  which  are  several 
springs.  They  are  sulphureous  and  thermal, 
the  heat  varying  from  83°  to  112°  Fahrenheit. 
They  contain  chlorides  of  magnesium  and  sodi- 
um, sulphates  of  magnesia  and  lime,  carbonate 
of  lime,  sulphur,  &c.  These  springs  have  long 
enjoyed  a  high  reputation,  and  are  daily  ad- 
vised in  cutaneous  and  scrofulous  affections, 
&c. 

Factitious  Bareges  Water,  Aqua  Baic- 
ginen'sis,  (F.)  Eau  de  Bareges,  is  made  by 
adding,  hydrosulphuretted  water,  f.  giv,  to  pure 
water,  f.  Jjxvijss,  carbonate  of  soda,  gr.  xvj, 
chloride  of  sodium,  gr.  ss.  Bottle  closely. 
BARGADA,  Convolvulus  pes  caprice. 
BARIGL1A,  Soda. 

BARII  CHLORlDUM,Baryta,  muriate  of-b. 
lodidum,  Baryta,  hydriodate  of. 

BARILLA,  Soda— b.  Alicant,  Soda— b.  Car- 
tbagena,  Soda — b.  Turkey,  Soda. 
BARILLOR,  Soda. 

BARlUM,CHLORlDEOF,Baryta,  muriate 
of— -b.  iodide  of,  Baryta,  hydriodate  of— b.  pro- 
toxide of,  Baryta. 

BARK,  Cinchona — b.  bitter,  Pinckneya  pu- 
bens— b.  Calisaya,  Cinchona  cordifolia  cortex— 
b.  Caribeean,Cinehonae  Caribaese  cortex — b.  Car- 
thagena,  see  Cinchona — b.  Crown,  Cinchona 
lancifoliae  cortex— b.  Elk,  Magnolia  glauca— b. 
Essential  salt  of,  see  Cinchona  —  b.  Florida. 
Pinckneya  pubens— b.  Georgia,  Pinckneya  pu- 
bens—b.  Gray,  see  Cinchona — b.  Huanuco,see 
Cinchona— b.  Indian,  Magnolia  glauca — b.  Je- 
suit's, Cinchona— b.  Loxa,  Cinchona:  lancifolia? 
cortex— b.  Pale,  Cinchona?  lancifolise  cortex— b. 
Maracaybo,  see  Cinchona— b.  Peruvian,  Cin- 
chona—b.  Pitaya,  Cinchona?  Caribsese  cortex— h 
Red,CinchonaeoblongifoliaD  cortex — b.  Saint  Lu- 
cia, Cinchona?  Caribajee  cortex — b.  Santa  Mar- 
tha, see  Cinchona— b.  Silver,  see  Cinchona— 
b.  Yellow,  Cinchona;  cordif'oliee  cortex 
BARLERIA  BUXIFOLIA,  Cara  schulli. 

BARLEY,  PEARL. seeHordeum—b.  Scotch, 
Hordeum. 

BARM.Yest. 

BARNET,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Bai- 
net  is  not  far  from  London.  The  water  is  of  a 
purging  quality,  like  that  of  Epsom,  and  about 
half  the  strength. 


BAROMACROMETER 


95 


BASILARY  FOSSA 


BAROMACROM'ETEE;  from  /Sago;, 
'  weight,'  fiaxnog,  '  long,'  and  ^utrgov,  'measure.' 
An  instrument,  invented  by  Stein  to  indicate 
the  length  and  weight  of  a  new-born  infant 

BAROM'ETER,  from  p^cc,  'weight,'  and 
fiiroov,  'measure.'  (F.)  Baromhre.  An  instru- 
ment which  measures  the  weight  of  the  air. 
A  certain  degree  of  density  in  This  medium  is 
necessary  for  health:  when  we  ascend  high 
mountains  great,  inconvenience  is  experienced, 
owing  to  the  diminished  density.  Changes  of 
this  character  are  indicated  by  the  Barometer 
or  weather-glass. 

BA'ROS,  (iagoq,  'heaviness.'  Employed  by 
the  Greek  physicians  to  designate  the  feeling 
of  lassitude  and  heaviness  observable  in  man}' 
diseases. — Hippocrates,  Galen. 

BAROSMA  CRENATA,  Diosma  crenata. 

BAROTES  SALITUS,  Baryta,  muriate  of. 

BARRAS.     See  Pinus  Sylvestris. 

BARRE  (F)  Bar'rure,  Vara,  'a  bar.'  A 
projection  or  prolongation  of  the  symphysis  pu- 
bis;— a  deformity  rendering  delivery  difficult. 

BARRltE  (F.)  A  term  applied,  in  France,  to 
a  female  whose  pelvis  has  the  deformity  de- 
scribed under  Barre. 

BARR£ES,(DEJYTS.)  The  molar  teeth,  when 
the  roots  are  spread  or  tortuous,  so  that  they 
cannot  be  extracted  without  being  broken;  or 
without  a  portion  of  the  alveolar  arch  being 
removed. 

BARRE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Barre 
is  a  small  town,  six  leagues  from  Strasburg. 
The  waters  are  thermal,  and  contain  much 
iron,  calcareous  salt,  &c.  They  are  diuretic 
and  tonic. 

BARREL  OF  THE  EAR,  Tympanum. 

BARRENNESS,  Sterilitas. 

BARROS,  Terra  Portugallica. 

BARRURE,  Barre. 

BARYCOCCALON,  Datura  stramonium. 

BARYCOITA,  Baryecoia. 

BARYECOIA,  Deafness. 

Baryecoi'a  or  Barycoi'ta,  Bradyecoi'a,  Pa- 
racusia obti/sa,  Disecoi'a,  Dyseca'a,  Audi'tus 
diffic"ilis,  Obaudi"tio,  A.  gravis,  A.  irnminu'tus, 
Hypocopho'sis,  (F.)  Durete  d' Oreille,  from  pa- 
Qvg,  '  heavy,'  and  axotj,  'hearing.'  Hardness  of 
hearincr,  incomplete  deafness.     See  Cophosis. 

BARYGLOSSIA,  Balbuties. 

BARYi  HYDRAS  10DATI,  Baryta,  hydrio- 
date of.  _ 

BARYOD'YNE,  from  fia^vg,  'heavy,'  and 
*$vv>i,  'pain.'     A  dull,  heavy  pain. 

BARYPHO'NIA,  from  @aovg,  'heavy,'  and 
tfunr],  'voice.'     Difficulty  of  speech. 

BARYPICRON,  Artemisia  abrotanum. 

BARY'TA,  from  pzovc,  'heavy,'  Terra  pon- 
dero'sa,  Bari/tes,  Protox'ide  of  Ba'rium,  Henry 
E'irth,  Ponderous  Earth,  (F.)  Baryle,  Barite, 
Terre  pesante.  This  earth  and  its  soluble  salts 
are  all  highly  corrosive  poisons.  It  is  n?ver 
employed  in  medicine  in  the  pure  state.  When 
externally  applied,  it  is  caustic,  like  potassa 
and  soda. 

Batiy'ta,  Car'bonate  of,  Bory'tm  Car  bonas, 
is  only  used  oflicinally,  to  obtain  the  muriate. 

Baryta,  Hydri'od  ate  ok, Baryta  Hijdriodajs, 
Baryta  Hydiiod'irn,  Hydras  Bu.ryi  loda'ti,  (in 
the  dry  state,— Iod ide  of  Barium,  Burn  lod'i- 
dura,  B.  Toda'lum,)  has  been  given  in  scrofulous 
and  similar  morbid  conditions.  It  may  be  ad- 
ministered internally  in  the  dose  of  one-eighth 


of  a  grain  three  or  four  times  a  day,  and  be  ap- 
plied externally  to  scrofulous  swellings,  in  the 
form  of  ointment,  (gr.  iv.  to  gj.  of  lard.) 

Baryta  Hydriodica,  Baryta,  hydriodate  of. 

Baryta,  Mu'riatk  or  Hydrochlo'rate  of. 
Ban/tse  mu'rias,  Chlo'ride  of  Ba'rium,  Ba'rii 
Chufridum  (Ph.  U.  S.)  Cldo'ruret  of  Ba'rium, 
Terra  pondero'sa  suli'ta  seu  muria'ta,  Sal  muri- 
at'icuui  barot'icum,  Baro'tes  sali'tus,  is  the  com- 
bination chiefly  used.  The  Muriate  of  Baryta 
may  be  formed  as  follows:  Baryt.  Carbon.,  in 
fragments,  R>j.  Acid.  Muriat.  f.  ^xij.  Aquas,  Oiij. 
Mix  the  acid  with  the  water,  and  gradually  add 
the  Carbonate  of  Baryta.  Toward  the  close  of 
the  effervescence,  apply  a  gentle  heat,  and, 
when  the  action  has  ceased,  filter  the  liquor, 
and  boil  it  down  so  that  crystals  may  form  as  it 
cools.  Ph.  U.  S. 

It  is  given  in  the  form  of  the  Solu'tio  Muria' - 
tis  Burytx,  Liquor  Barii  Chloridi,  (F.)  Solution 
de  Muriate  de  Baryle.  (Muriate  of  Baryta,  one 
part;  distilled  looter,  three  parts,)  and  is  em- 
ployed in  scrofulous  cases,  worms,  and  cutane- 
ous diseases.  External!}',  to  fungous  ulcers 
and  to  specks  on  the  cornea. 

Baryt*  Carbonas,  Baryta  (Carbonate) — b. 
Hydriodas,  Baryta,  hydriodate  of — b  Murias, 
Baryta,  muriate  of. 

BARYUM,  see  Barium. 

BAS-FOAD,  see  Urinary  Bladder. 

BAS-LASSE,  Stocking,  laced. 

BAS  VENTRE,  Abdomen. 

BASAAL.  The  name  of  an  Indian  tree,  the 
decoction  of  whose  leaves,  in  water,  with  gin- 
ger, is  used  as  a  gargle  in  diseases  of  the  fauces. 
The  kernels  of  the  fruit  are  vermifuge. 

BASANASTRA'GALA,  from  pa<r*vog,  '  tor- 
ture,' and  zc-ToayaXog,  'the  astragalus.'  Pain 
in  the  ankle  joint;  gout  in  the  foot. 

BASANIS'MOS,  from  (lafaviiuv,  'to  ex- 
plore.'  'A  touch-stone.'  Investigation  or  exa- 
mination.—  Hippocr.,  Galen. 

BASE,  Basis,  from  pan-to,  'I  proceed,'  '1 
■rest,'  'I  support  myself.'  That  which  serves  as 
a  foundation  or  support.  That  which  enters, 
as  a  principal  matter,  into  a  mixture  or  combi- 
nation. In  anatomy,  it  is  employed  in  the  for- 
mer sense,  as  Base  of  the  Cranium,  Base  of  a 
Process,  fyc  Base  of  the  Heart,  Basis  vel  coro'na 
cordis.  In  the  art  of  prescribing,  Basis  is  the 
chief  substance  which  enters  into  a  compound 
formula. 

BASIATIO,  Coition. 

BASIATOR,  Orbicularis  oris. 

BASIL,  BUSH,  Ocymum  caryophyllatum— 
b.  Citron,  Ocymum  basilicum — b.  Common, 
Ocymum  basilicum — b.  Small,  Ocymum  caryo- 
phyllatum— b.  Wild,  Chenopodium  vulgare — 
b.  Wild,  Cunila  mariana. 

BAS'ILARY  Basila'ris,  (F.)  Basilaire.  That 
which  belongs  to  the  base,  from  (fang,  'base.' 
This  name  has  been  given  to  several  parts, 
which  seem  to  serve  as  bases  to  others.  The 
sacrum  and  sphenoid  have  been  hence  so  called. 

Basil ary  Artery,  A.  basila'ris,  A.  ccrvica'- 
lis,  (F.)  Art'ere  ou  Tronc  basilaire,  A.  mesoce- 
pba/ique  (Ch.)  The  union  of  the  two  vertebral 
arteries.  It  ascends  along  the  middle  groove 
on  the  inferior  surface  of  the  tuber,  and  is  sup- 
ported, beneath,  by  the  Fossa  basilaris.  It  ter- 
minates in  the  posterior  cerebral  arteries. 

Basilary  Fossa,  (F.)  Gouttiere  ou  Fosse  ba- 
silaire, is  the  upper  surface  of  the  basilary  pro- 


BASILARY  PROCESS 


06 


BATH,  HOT 


cess, — so  called  because  it  is  channeled  like  a 
fossa  or  Gutter.  The  Tuber  annulare  rests 
upon  it. 

Basilahy  Process,  Proces'sns  basila'ris  ossis 
occip'itis,  P.  ctmeifoi'mis  ossis  occip'itis,  (F.) 
Apopliyse  Basil  aire,  Prolongement  sous-occipital, 
Cu'nciform  Process,  is  the  bony  projection, 
formed  by  the  inferior  angle  of  the  os  occipilis, 
which  is  articulated  with  the  sphenoid. 

Basilaky  Surface,  (F.)  Surface  basilaire,  is 
the  inferior  surface  of  the  process.  It  is  covered 
by  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  pharynx. 

Basilary  Vertebra.  The  last  vertebra  of 
the  loins. 

BASI1/1C,  Bnsil'icus,  from  p*<ri).ty.c<;,  'royal.' 
This  name  was  given,  by  the  ancients,  to  parts 
which  they  conceived  to  play  an  important  part 
in  the  animal  economy. 

Basilic  Vein,  Vena  Basil'ica,  V.  Cu'iiti  in- 
terior, (F.)  Veine  Basilique,  Veine  cubitale  cu- 
tanie  of  Chaussier.  This  vein  is  one  of  those 
on  which  the  operation  of  blood-letting  is  per- 
formed. It  is  situate  at  the  internal  part  of  the 
fold  of  the  elbow,  in  front  of  the  humeral  arte- 
ry, and  is  formed  by  the  anterior  and  posterior 
cubital  veins,  and  by  the  median  basilic.  It  ter- 
minates, in  the  arm-pit,  in  the  axillary  vein. 
The  ancients  thought,  that  the  basilic  of  the 
right  arm  had  some  connexion  with  the  liver, 
and  hence  they  called  it  hepatic.  The  vein  of 
the  left  aim,  for  a  similar  reason,  they  called 
splenic.  The  Median  Basilic  Vein,  (F.)  Veine 
midiane  basilique,  is  one  of  the  branches  of  the 
preceding  vein.  It  joins  the  median  cephalic  at 
an  acute  angle,  or  rather  by  a  transverse 
branch,  and  receives  some  branches  of  the  deep 
radial  and  cubital  veins,  and  a  considerable 
subcutaneous  vein — the  common  median. 
BASILIC  COMMUjY,  Ocymum  basilicum. 
BASILIC  SAW  AGE,  GRAND,  Chenopo- 
dium  vulgare. 

BASIL'ICON  or  BAS1LTCUM.  'Royal,'  or 
of  great  virtue.  An  ointment,  composed  of 
yellow  wax,  black  pitch,  and  resin,  of  each  one 
part,  olive  oil  four  parts.  Hence  it  was  called 
Unguen'tum  Tetrapliur'macnm,  (niQafa^uaxu, 
4  four  drugs.') — Celsus.     Scribonius  Largus. 

Basilicon  or  Basilicum,  of  the  Parisian 
Codex,  is  the  Onguent  dc  Poix  et  dc  Cire.  In 
most  Pharmacopoeias,  it  is  represented  by  the 
Unguen'tum  or  Cera! turn  Resi'nx.  It  is  used  as 
a  stimulating  ointment.  See  Ceratum  Resina?, 
and  Unguentum  Resinas  Nigra;. 

BASILICUM,  Basilicon,  Ocymum  Basilicum 
— b.  Citratum,  Ocymum  basilicum — b.  Majus, 
Ocymum  basilicum. 

BASIO-CERATO  CHONDRO-GLOSSUS, 
Hyoo-lossus. 

BA'SIO  CER'ATO  GLOSSUS,  from  jiaat?, 
'base,'  mQa?,  'cornu,'  and  ykwoaa,  'tongue.' 
A  name  given  to  a  part  of  the  hyoglossus, 
which  is  inserted  into  the  cornu  of  the  os  hy- 
oides  and  base  of  the  tongue. 

BASIOCES'TRUM,  from  pa<r,g,  'the  base,' 
and  xiaTya,  'a  dart.'  An  instrument  for  open- 
ing the  head  of  the  foetus  in  utero,  invented  by 
Mesler,  a  German. 

BA'SIO-GLOS'SUS,  Hijpseloglos'sus,  Hyo- 
brtsioglossus,  Ypscloglos'sus,  from  p*<rtQ,  'base,' 
and  yXoxrru,  'the  tongup.'  A  name  formerly 
given  to  the  portion  of  the  hyoglossus  which  is 
inserted  into  the  base  of  the  os  hyoides. — Riolan, 
Thomas  Bartholine.     See  Lingual  Muscle. 


BASIO  PHARYNGiE'US.from  /Jasu.'base/ 
and  w*tvY;,  'the  pharynx.'  A  name  given  to 
some  fibres  of  the  constrictor  pharyngis  me- 
dius. — Winslow.  _ 

BASSI-COL'ICA.  Name  of  a  medicine  com- 
posed of  aromatics  and  honey.  — Scribonius 
Largus. 

BASSLY,  Pelvis— b.  Oculaire,  Scaphium  ocu- 
lare. 

BASSLYER,  to  foment. 
BASSINET,  Pelvis  of  the  kidney,  Ranuncu- 
lus bulbosus. 
BASSWOOD,Tilia. 
BATA,  Musa  paradisiaca. 
BATABAS,  Solan um  tuberosum. 
BATATAS.    The  inhabitants  of  Peru  gave 
this  appellation  to  several  tuberous  roots,  espe- 
cially to  the  Convolvulus  Batatas,  or  Sweet  Po- 
tato, (q.  v.)   Our  word,  Potato,  comes  from  this. 
BATERION.  Bathron. 

BATH,  Anglo-Saxon,  baft,  Balneum.,  Bala- 
ne'um,  Loutron  (F.)  Bain.  Immersion,  or  slay, 
for  a  longer  or  shorter  duration,  of  the  whole 
or  a  part  of  the  body,  in  some  medium,  as  wa- 
ter. Act  of  plunging  into  a  liquid,  sand,  or 
other  substance,  in  which  it  is  the  custom  to 
bathe.  Also,  the  vessel  in  which  the  water  is 
put  for  bathing.  Also,  a  public  or  private  esta- 
blishment for  bathing. 

In  Pkarmacij,a.  vessel,  placed  over  a  fire,  and 
filled  with  any  substance,  into  which  another 
vessel  is  placed,  containing  matters  for  diges- 
tion, evaporation,  or  distillation. 
Bath,  Air,  Hot,  see  Bath,  hot. 
Bath,  Air,  Warm,  see  Bath,  hot. 
Bath,  A  nimal,  Balneum  Animal  I B,  consists  in 
wrapping  an  animal,  recently  killed,  or  its  skin, 
around  the  body,  or  some  part  of  it. 
Bath,  Cold,  see  Bath,  hot. 
Bath,  Cool,  see  Bath,  hot 
Bath,  Dry,  is  one  made  of  ashes,  salt,  sand, 
&c.     The  ancients   used   these  frequently  for 
therapeutical  purposes. 
Bath,  Earth,  Arenatio. 
Bath,  Elec'tric,  (F.)  Bain  ilectrique,  con- 
sists in  placing  the  person  upon  an  insulated 
stool,  communicating,  by  a  metallic  wire,  with 
the  principal  conductor  of  the  electrical  ma- 
chine in  action.     The  Electric  Bath  produces 
general  excitement  of  all   the  functions,  and 
especially  of  the  circulation  and  secretions. — 
See  Electricity. 

Bath,  Foot,  Pedilu'vium  (F.)  Bain  de  Pied, 
a  bath  for  the  feet. 

Bath,  General,  (F.)  Bain  Entier,  is  one,  in 
which  the  whole  body  is  plunged,  except  the 
head;  in  contradistinction  to  the  partial  bath, 
Merobalane'um,  Merobal'neum. 

Bath,  Half,  Scmicu'pivm,  (q.  v.)  Exccthis'- 
ma.  (q.  v.)  Inccssio,  luces' sits,  is  one  adapted 
for  half  the  body.  One,  for  receiving  only  the 
hips  or  extremities,  is  also  so  called. 

Bath,  Hand,  Manulu'vium,  (F.)  Bain  de 
Main  ou  Manuluve,  is  a  bath  for  the  hands. 

Bath,  Head,  Capililu'vium  (F.)  Bain  de 
Tele  ou  Capitiluve,  a  bath  for  the  head. 

Bath,  Hip,  Coxmlu'vium,  (F.)  Bain  de  Fail- 
teail,  Bain  de  Siege,  is  one  in  which  the  lower 
part  of  the  trunk  and  upper  part  of  the  thighs 
are  immersed. 

Bath,  Hot,  Balneum  cal'idum,  (F.)  Bain 
rhaud,  is  a  bath,  the  temperature  of  which  is 
98°  and  upwards;  the  Warm  Bath,  from  92?  to 


BATH,  MEDICATED 


97 


B.1UME 


98°;  theTKPiD  Bath,  (F.)  Bain  Tiede,  Balneum 
tep'idum,  from  H5°  to  1)2°;  the  Temperate 
Bath  (F.)  Bain  Tempore,  from  75°  to  85°;  the 
Cool  Bath,(F.)  Bainfrais,  from  (i()a  to  75°;  the 
Cold  Bath,  Balneum  frig"  idum,  Frigida'rium, 
(F.)  Bain  fr oid,  Bain  trisfruid,  (of  some)  from 
30°  tofiO0;  and  the  Vapour  Bath,  Balneum  va- 
po'ris,  (F.)  Bain  de  Vapeur,  Jituve  Humide,  from 
100"  to  130",and  upwards.  See  Vaporarium.  A 
Warm  Air  Bath,  or  Hot  Air  Bath,  consists 
of  air  the  temperature  of  which  is  raised. 

Bath,  Mf.dicateu,  Balneum,  Medicu'tum, 
(F.)  Bain  medicinal,  is  a  bath,  formed  of  decoc- 
tions or  infusions  of  vegetable  substances,  or 
of  any  ingredient,  introduced  into  the  water 
for  therapeutical  purposes. 

Bath,  Nitro-Muriatic  Acid,  Scott's  acid 
bath. 

Bath,  Sand,  Balneum  Are'nx,  (F.)  Bain  de 
Sable,  consists  of  a  vessel  filled  with  sand,  and 
placed  over  the  fire.  Into  this  vessel,  the  one 
is  put,  which  contains  the  substance  to  be  eva- 
porated. 

Bath,  Sea  Water,  Balneum  Mar'ia,  (F.) 
Bain  Marie,  consists  of  a  vessel  filled  with  boil- 
ing sea  water,  or  salt  water,  in  which  the  ves- 
sel is  placed,  that  contains  the  substance  to  be 
evaporated.  Bain  Marie,  is,  however,  at  the 
present  day  employed  for  any  form  of  water 
bath. 

Bath,  Shower,  Implu'vium,  is  one  in  which 
the  water  is  made  to  fall  like  a  shower  on  the 
body.     See  Douche. 

Bath,  Steam,  may  be  formed  by  introducing 
steam  into  a  properly  closed  vessel  in  place  of 
water,  as  in  the  water  bath. 

Bath,  Temperate,  see  Bath,  hot. 

Bath,  Tepid,  see  Bath,  hot. 

Bath,  Vapour,  see  Bath,  hot,  and  Vaporarium. 

Bath,  Warm,  see  Bath  hot. 

Bathing  is  much  employed  in  the  treatment  of 
disease.  The  cold  bath,  especially  the  cold  sea 
bath,  is  a  sedative  and  indirect  tonic:  the  warm 
bath  is  a  relaxant;  and  the  hot  bath  stimulates. 

The  regular  use  of  the  bath  is  extremely  con- 
ducive to  health;  but  if  too  much  indulged  in, 
it  is  apt  to  produce  injurious  effects. 

BATH,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF,  Aquce 
Balho'nia.  vel  Bad'izse,  Aquae  Soils,  Aqua  Bud'- 
iguce.  Celebrated  thermal  springs  at  Bath,  in 
England.  They  contain  but  little  impregna- 
tion, and  are  chiefly  indebted  to  their  tempera- 
ture, from  112°  to  117"  Fahrenheit,  for  their 
utility.  The  main  ingredients  are  sulphate 
of  lime,  chloride  of  sodium,  sulphate  of  soda, 
carbonate  of  lime,  protoxide  of  iron,  free  car- 
bonic acid  and  azote. 

These  waters  are  employed  in  the  most  hete- 
rogeneous cases;  and  are  serviceable  where  the 
simple  thermal  springs  are  indicated,  as  in  rheu- 
matism, paralysis,  &.C. 

BA'THER,  Same  etymon;  Balnea' rius,Bali- 
nea'tor,  Bahua'tor.  (F.)  Baigneur.  One  who 
bathes.  Anciently,  the  name  was  given  to 
those  that  administered  baths  to  the  diseased, — 
the  liliinistes  of  the  French. 

BATHMIS,  Batlima,  'base,  support.'  The 
cavity  of  a  bone,  which  receives  the  eminence 
of  another;  and  especially  the  two  Fosseltes  at 
the  inferior  extremity  of  the  humerus;  into 
which  the  processes  of  the  ulna  are  received, 
duiing  the  flexion  and  extension  of  the  fore- 
arm. 


BATHRON,  Scamnum  Hippoc'ralis  (q.  v.) 
Bale'rion,  'a  step,  a  ladder.'  (F.)  Bane,  ti  Ilip- 
pocrate.  An  instrument,  used  for  the  exten- 
sion of  a  limb,  in  cases  of  fracture  or  luxation. 
The  description  of  it  is  found  in  Galen,  Oriba- 
sius,  and  Scultetus,  with  a  figure. 

BATIA,  Retort. 

BATISSE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Ba- 
tisse  is  three  leagues  from  Clermont  in  France. 
The  water  is  tepid,  and  contains  subcarbonate 
and  sulphate  of  soda,  sulphates  of  lime  and 
iron,  muriate  of  magnesia, and  carbonate  of  lime. 

BATOS,  Rubusldaeus. 

BATRACHOS,  Ranula. 

BATTARISMUS.  Balbuties. 

BATTATA  VIRGHNTANA,  Solanum  tube- 
rosum. 

BA TTEMEAS DOUBLES,see  Bruit  du  Cccur 
fatal . 

BATTEMEKT,  Pulsation. 

BAUDRICOURT,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  Baudricourt  is  a  town  of  France,  two 
leagues  and  a  half  from  Mirecourt.  The  wa- 
ters are  sulphureous. 

BATJDRUCHES,  Condom. 

BAUHIN,  VALVE  OF,  Valve  of  Tulpius, 
Fallopius  or  Varolius,  ll'to-caical.  Valve,  Ileo- 
colic Valve,  Val'vula  Ilei,  Val'vula.  Call,  V.  Caci, 
Oper'culum  Ilei,  Sphincter  llei.  This  name  is 
given  to  the  valve  situate  transversely  at  the 
place  where  the  ileum  opens  into  the  coecum, 
and  which  Banhin  says  he  discovered  at  Paris, 
in  1759.  It  had,  however,  been  previously  de- 
scribed by  several  anatomists;  as  by  Vidus 
Vidius.  Poslius,  &c. 

BAUME,  Balsam — b.  d'Acicr,  Balsam,  chaly- 
beate—  /;.  Aromatique,  Balsam,  aromatic  —  /;. 
d? Aiguilles,  Balsam,  chalybeate  —  b.  Apaplec- 
tique,  Balsam,  apoplectic — b.  d'Arcxus,  Arcoeus, 
balsam  of — see,  also,  Balsam  of  Arcasus  —  b. 
d'Arcius,  Unguenlum  elemi  'compositurn  —  b. 
Benjoin,  Benjamin — b.  Blanc,see  Amyrus  Opo- 
balsamum — b.  du  Bresil,  Copaiba — b.  de  Ca- 
nada, see  Pinus  balsamea  —  /'.  de  Cannelle, 
Laurus  cinnamomum — b.  de  Carpatliie,  Bal- 
sam of  Carpatliia — b.  de  Carihasene,  see  To- 
luifera  balsamum — b.  de  Constantinople  Mane, 
see  Amyris  opobalsamum — b.  de  Copaku,  Co- 
paiba— h.  Cordiale  de  Sennerte.  Balsam,  cordial, 
of  Sennertus — b.  d'Eau  a  fntilles  ridies,  Men- 
tha crispa — b.  de  Feuillet,  Balsam,  sjreen,  of 
Metz — b.  de  Fioruventi  spiritueuse,  Balsam,  spi- 
rituous, of  Fioraventi — b.  de  Fourcroy  ou  de 
Laborde,  Balsam  of  Fourcroy  or  Laborde — b.  de 
Galuad,  see  Amyris  opobalsamum — h.  de  Gene- 
vieve, Balsam  of  Genevieve — b.  Grand,  Tana- 
cetum  balsamita — b.  du  Grand  Caire,aee  Amy- 
ris opobalsamum — b.  Hypnotique,  Balsam,  hyp- 
notic— b-  Hysterique,  Balsam,  hysteric — b.  des 
Jardins,  Mentha  viridis — b.  de  Lucatel,  Balsam, 
Lucatelh's — //.  Kervin,  Balsam,  nervous — b.  de 
Perou,  see  Myroxylon  Peruiferum — b.  du  Sa- 
maritain,  Balsam  of  the  Samaritan — b.  Saxon, 
Balsam,  Saxon — /;.  de  Soufre,  Balsam  of  sul- 
fur— b.  de  Sympathie,  Balsam  of  sympathy — 
b.  Tranquille,  Balsam,  tranquil — b.  de  Tola,  see 
Toluifera  balsamum — b.  de  Vanille,  Vanilla — b. 
Vert,  see  Fagara  octandra — b.  Vert  de  Metz, 
Balsam,  green,  of  Metz — b.  de  Vie  d'Hoff- 
mann.  Balsam  of  Life,  of  Hoffmann — b.  de  Vie 
de  Lelievre,  Tinctura  aloes  composita — /'.  Vrai, 
see  Amyris  opobalsamum — b.  Vulnerairc  de 
Minderer,  Balsam,  vulnerary,  of  Mindererus. 


BAURAC 


08 


13  EG  MA 


B  A  U  RAC,  {Arab.)  Nitre,  or  salt  in  general 
Prom  this  word  comes  Borax. 

BAURIN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Bau- 
rin  is  a  village  four  leagues  from  Roye,  depart- 
ment of  So  in  me.  The  waters  are  strongly  cha- 
lybeate. 

BAVE  (F.)  Sali'm  ex  ore  fluens,  Spuma, 
Humor  SaL'cus.  Frothy,  thick,  viscid  saliva, 
issuing  from  the  mouth.  This  driveling,  or, 
slavering,  (q.  v.)  we  see  in  children,  old  peo- 
ple, &c.  The  term  is,  also,  applied  to  the 
frothy  liquid,  which  flows  from  the  mouth  of 
rabid  animals.  Sauvages  uses  it  synonymous- 
ly with  salivation. 

BAY,  CASTOR,  Magnolia  glauca— b.  Rose, 
Rhododendron  chrysanthemum — b.  Sweet,  Lau- 
rus — b.  While,  Magnolia  glauca  and  M.  macro- 
phylla. 

BDALSIS,  Sucking. 

BDELLA,  Hirudo. 

BDELLIUM,  pdsXXicv,  Myrrha  imperfec'ta, 
Dolchon,  Madeleon,  Balchus.  A  gum-resin, 
brought  from  the  Levant  and  India,  and  sup- 
posed to  be  obtained  from  a  species  of  Amyris, 
little  known.  It  is  solid,  brittle,  of  a  deep 
brown  colour,  of  an  acrid  and  bitter  taste,  and 
sweet  odour.  It  was  much  vaunted  by  the  an- 
cients, but  is  now  little  employed.  Two  differ- 
ent gum-resins  have  been  in  the  shops  distin- 
guished by  the  names  Indian  and  African  bdel- 
lium. Dr.  Royle  was  informed  that  the  former 
was  obtained  from  Am'yris  commiph'ora,  grow- 
ing in  India  and  Madagascar.  The  latter  is  said 
to  be  from  Heudelu'lia  Africa'  na,  which  grows 
in  Senegal. 

BDELLOM'ETER,  from  pSrUa,  <a  leech,' 
and  utr^or,  'measure.'  An  instrument,  pro- 
posed as  a  substitute  for  the  leech;  inasmuch 
as  we  can  tell  the  quantity  of  blood  obtained  by 
it,  whilst  we  cannot  by  the  leech.  It  consists 
of  a  cupping-glass,  to  which  a  scarificator  and 
exhausting  syringe  are  attached. 

BDELLUS,  Fart. 

BEAD  TREK,  Melia  Azedarach. 

BEAN  TREE,  WHITE,  Crata?o-,isaria. 

BEAN,  CARTHAGENA,  Habilla  de  Car- 
thagena — b.  Egyptian,  Nympha?a  nelumbo — b. 
French,  Phaseolus  vulgaris — b.  Garden,  com- 
mon, Vicia  faba — b.  Kidney,  Phaseolus  vulga- 
ris— b.  Malacca,  Avicennia  lomentosa — b.  Pon- 
tic, Nyniphaea  nelumbo — b.  Red,  Abrus  preca- 
torins — b.  Sacred,  Nelumbium  luteuin — b.  St. 
Jgnatius's,  Ignatia  amara — b.  Trefoil  tree,  see 
Cytisine.  •  i 

BEARBERRY,  Arbutus  uva  ursi. 

BEAR'S  BREECH,  Acanthus  mollis— b. 
Foot,  Helleborus  fcetidus — b.  Fright,  Heptallon 
graveolens— b.  Whortleberry,  Arbutus  uva 
ursi. 

BEARD,  B'irba.  Pogon,  Gcneion,  Bnrbitium, 
(F.)  Barbe.  The  hair  which  covers  a  part  of 
the  cheeks,  the  lips,  and  chin  of  the  male  sex, 
at  the  age  of  puberty. 

BEARWEED,  Veratrum  viride. 

BEASTINGS,  Colostrum. 

BEATIlNG  OF  THE  HEART.     See  Heart. 

BEAUGENCY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Beaugenny  is  a  quarter  of  a  league  from  Or- 
leans. The  waters  contain  subcarbonate  of 
6oda,  iron,  magnesia,  and  lime.  They  are  tonic 
and  aperient. 

BEAUMONT  ROOT.  Gillenia  trifoliata. 

BEAUVAIS,    MINERAL    WATERS    OF. 


These  waters  are  chalybeate.    Beauvais  is  in 
Picardie. 

BEAVER,  Castor  fiber— b.  Wood,  Magnolia 
glauca— b.  Tree,  Magnolia  macrophy  lla. 
BEBEERINE.  See  Bebeeru. 
BEBEERU.  A  tree  of  British  Guiana,  which 
yields  two  alkalies — Bcbcerin  and  Slsseerin; 
and  in  its  properties  resembles  the  Cinchona. 
The  Sulphate  of  Bebeerin  has  been  employed  in 
intermittents. 

BEC  (F.)  Rostrum,  (q.  v.)  Beak.  This  name 
has  been  applied  to  various  parts. 

Bec  Coracoidien,  (F.)  Cor'acoid  Beak,  is 
the  end  of  the  coracoid  process.  Bec  de  la 
plume  a  ecrire,  (F.)  Beak  of  the  Calamus  Scrip, 
to'rius,  is  a  small  cavity  at  the  superior  part  of 
the  medulla  oblongata,  which  forms  part  of  the 
4th  ventricle. 

BEC  DE  CHILLER,  Ham'ulus.  An  inslru- 
ment  used  for  the  extraction  of  balls.  It  con- 
sists of  an  iron  rod,  7  or  8  inches  long,  having 
at  one  extremity  a  small  cavity,  into  which  the 
ball  is  received  to  be  drawn  outwards.  See 
Cochleariformis. 

BEC  DE  GRUE  MUSQUE,  Geranium  Mos- 
chatum — b.  de  Grue  Robertin,  Geranium  Ro- 
bertianum — b.  de  Lievre,  Harelip. 

BEC  (Le,)  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Bec 
is  six  leagues  from  Rouen  in  Normandy.  The 
water  is  strongly  chalybeate. 

BECCABUNGA,  Veronica  Beccabunga. 
BE'CHIC,    Bt'chica,  Becha,  Bec'chica,   Be'- 
chila,  from   |9>,t,  'cough,'    (F.)  Bechique.     Me- 
dicines adapted  for  allaying  cough. 
EECHITA,  Bechic. 
BECHIUM.  Tussilaao. 
BECHORTHOPNCEA,  Pertussis. 
BECUIBA,  Ibicuiba. 

BEDEGAR,  BEDEGUAR,  or  BEDEGUARD, 
Spon'gia  Cynos'bati,  Fungus  Rosa' rum,  F.  Cy- 
nos'btiii.  (F.)  Pomme  motisseuse,  Epunge  d'eg- 
lantir.r.  An  excrescence,  which  makes  its 
appearance  on  different  species  of  wild  roses, 
and  which  is  produced  by  the  puncture  of  a 
small  insect, — the  Cynips  Rosse.  It  was  for- 
merly employed  as  a  lithontriptic  and  vermi- 
fuge, but  is  not  now  used.  It  was  slightly 
astringent. 

BEDFORD,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Bedford  is  a  village,  situate  on  the  great  West- 
ern Turnpike  road  from  Philadelphia  to  Pitts- 
burg, a  few  miles  east  of  the  chief  elevation 
of  the  Alleghany  mountains.  There  are  various 
springs,  saline,  chalybeate,  and  sulphureous. 
The  most  celebrated  contains  carbonic  acid, 
sulphate  of  magnesia,  chlorides  of  sodium  and 
calcium,  and  carbonate  of  iron. 

BEDSTRAW,  Galium  verum— b.  Ladies, 
greater,  Galium  mollugo,  Galium  verum. 

BEE.     Sax.  beo.  Apis,  Melis'sa,  Melitta.    (F.) 
Aheille.     This   insect  was   formerly   exhibited, 
when  dried  and  powdered,  as  a  diuretic. 
BEE15READ,  Propolis. 

BEECH,  Fagus  sylvatica — b.  Drop,  Orobin- 
che  Virginiana — b.  Albany,  Pterospora  Andro- 
medea — b.  Mast,  see  Fagus  sylvatica. 
BEER,  Cerevisia. 
BEET,  Beta. 

B&GA1EMENT,  Balbuties. 
BEGMA,  (iijytia,  according  to  some  Bregma, 
fSntjyua,  from  p'jaatir  or  poijciniu;  '  to  expectorate 
after  coughing.'     The  sputum  or  expectorated 
matter. — Hipp. 


BEGONIA 


99 


BENJAMIN 


BEGO'NIA.  The  Begonia  grand/flora  and 
B.  tomentosa  have  astringent  roots,  which  are 
used  in  Peru  in  cases  of  hemorrhage,  scurvy, 
low  fevers,  &c. 

BkGUE,  Balbos. 

BEHEN  AB1AD,  Centanrea  behen— b.  Al- 
burn, Centaurea  behen — b.  Officinarum,  Cucu- 
balus  hehen— b.  Rov(tr.  Statice  limonium. 

BEHMEN  AOKMAR,  Statice  limonium. 

BEIAHALALEN,  Sempervivum  tectorum. 

BEIDELSAR,  Asclepias  procera. 

BEJUIO,  Habilla  de  Carthatrena. 

BELA-AYE  or  BE-LAHE!  A  tonic  and 
astringent  bark  of  a  Madagascar  tree.  Du-petit- 
Thouars  and  Sonnerat  think  it  may  be  substi- 
tuted for  t he  Simarouba. 

BE-LAHE.  Bela-aye. 

BEL'S  EYE,  Belloculus. 

BELADAMBOC.  A  species  of  convolvulus 
of  the  Malabar  coastrwhich  contains  an  acrid 
milky  juice.  From  this  a  liniment  is  formed 
with  oil  and  ginger,  which  is  used  against  the 
bites  of  rabid  animals. 

BELA-MODAGAM.  A  kind  of  Scsevola  of 
the  Malabar  coast,  the  leaves  of  which  are  con- 
sidered diuretic  and  emmenagogue. 

BELAJYDRE,  (F.)  A  litter,  surrounded  with 
curtains,  in  which  patients  are  sometimes  car- 
ried to  hospitals. 

BELCHING,  Eructation. 

BELEMNOID,Belenoid. 

BELEMNOIUES  PROCESSUS,  Styloid  pro- 

CCSSfS 

BEI/ENOID,  BEL'ONOID,  BEL'EMNOID 
or  BELOID,  Bclcnoi'des  or  Belemnoi'des  Pro- 
ces'sus,from  piXoc,  'an  arrow,' and  tt3o$,  'shape.' 
This  name  has  been  given  to  the  styloid  pro- 
cesses in  general. 

BELESON,  Balsam,  Musssenda  frondosa. 

BEL1  OCULUS,  Belloculus. 

BELILLA,  Mussaenda  frondosa. 

BELINUM.  Apium  graveolens. 

BELL,  CANTERBURY,  Campanula  tra- 
chelium. 

BELLADON'NA,  in  the  Pharmacopoeia  of 
the  United  States,  is  the  officinal  name  of  the 
leaves  of  Atropa  Belladonna,  (q.  v.) 

BELLE  DAME,  Atropa  belladonna. 

BELLEGU,  Myrobolanus. 

BELLEREGI,  Myiobalanus. 

BELLESME,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Bellesme  is  about  three  leagues  from  Montagne 
in  France.     The  waters  are  chalybeate. 

BELLEY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  The 
waters  at  Belley,  department  of  Ain,  in  France, 
are  saline  aperients. 

BELLIDOIDES,  Chrysanthemum  leucan- 
themum. 

B ELLIS,  Bellus  ('pretty,')  B.  peren'nis,  B.  mi- 
nor, Bruiseicort,  Common  Daisy.  (F.)  Paque- 
relte  vivace,  petite  Marguerite.  The  leaves  and 
flowers  are  rather  acrid.  They  were,  at  one 
time,  considered  to  cure  different  species  of 
wounds.  It  is  called  also  Sym'phytum  miri- 
imnm. 

Bki.i.is  Major,  Chrysanthemum leucanthcmum. 

BELL  METAL,  Cal'cocos.  (F.)  Airain, 
Mdtal  dcs  cloches.  An  alloy  of  copper,  zinc, 
tin,  and  a  small  quantity  of  antimony,  used  for 
makinsr  bells.  The  mortars  of  the  apothecary 
are  often  formed  of  this  material.  They  re- 
quire to  be  kept  clean,  to  avoid  the  formation 
of  verdigris. 


BELLOCULUS,  Beli  Oc'vlus.  A  kind  of 
gem,  which  the  Assyrians  considered  eibca- 
cious  in  the  cure  of  many  diseases.  They  ima- 
gined that  the  figure  of  an  eye  could  be  seen 
in  it.  and  hence  its  name,  BeVs  Eye. 

BELLON,  Colic,  metallic. 

BELLOTAS.     See  Ilex  major. 

BELLOWS'  SOUND,  Bruit  de  sovfflct—b. 
Encephalic,  see  Bruit  de  souffltt — b.  Placental, 
Bruit  placentaire. 

BELLUS,  Be II is. 

BELLY-ACHE,  Colica— b  Dry,  Colic,  me- 
tallic— b.  Root,  Angelica  lucida. 

BELMUSCHUS,  Hibiscus  abelmoschus. 

BELNILEG,  Myrobalanus. 

BELOID,  Belennid. 

BELOIDES    PROCESSUS,    Styloid    pro- 

BKLONE,  Needle. 
BELONODES,  Styloid. 
BELONOID,  Belenoid. 

BELUL'CUM,  from  (liXoc,  'a  dart,'  and 
tXxw,  'J  draw  out.'  An  instrument  used  for 
extracting  darts  or  arrows.  Many  instruments 
of  this  kind  have  been  noticed  by  surgeons. — 
Ambrose  Pare,  Fabricius  ab  Acquapendente. 
BELZOE,  Benjamin. 
BELZOIM.  Benjamin. 

BELZOINUM,  Benjamin. 
BEN,    Guilandina    moringa — b.    of   Judasa, 
Benjamin — b.  Nut,  Guilandina  moringa. 

BEN  MOENJA.  A  Malabar  tree.  An  alex- 
ipharmic  decoction  is  made  of  ils  roots,  in  the 
country,  which  is  much  praised  in  cases  of  ma- 
lignant fever.  Its  bark,  boiled  with  Calamus 
aromaticus  and  salt,  forms  a  decoction  used  in 
bites  of  poisonous  serpents. 

BENATH.  Pustule. 

BENED1CTUM  LAXAT1VUM,  Confectio 
senna?. 

BUMFICE  DE  LA  NATURE,  Beneficium 
naturse — b.  de  Ventre,  see  Beneficium  naturse. 

BENEFICIUM  NATU'KjE,  (F.)  Binefice 
de  la  nature.  This  term  is  used,  by  the  French 
pathologists,  for  cases,  in  which  diseases  have 
got  well  without  medical  treatment.  With 
them,  Blnifice  de  nature,  or  B.  de  ventre,  is  sy- 
nonymous also  with  Alvi  Proftu'mum; — a  spon- 
taneous diarrhoea,  often  acting  favourably  either 
in  the  prevention  or  cure  of  disease. 

BENEL,  Croton  racemosum. 

BENEOLEN'TIA,  from  bene,  'well,'  and 
olere,  '  to  smell.'  Euo'dts.  Sweet-scented  me- 
dicines, as  gums,  &.c. 

BENG,  Bangue. 

BENGAL  ROOT,  Cassumuniar. 

BENGALE  IN DORUM,  Cassumuniar. 

BENGI.  Hyoscyarnus. 

BENIGN',  Bcnig'nus,  Eueth'es,  (F.)  Bdnin, 
B'enigne.  Diseases  of  a  mild  character  are  so 
called:  as  well  as  medicines,  whose  aclion  is 
not  violent,  as  a  Benign  Fever,  Febris  benig'na 
impu'tris,  &c. 

BiiJY/JY,  Benign. 

BEN'JAMIN  or  BEN'ZOIN, Benzo'invm,  (Ph. 
V.  S.)  Benzo'invm  vc.rum,  Benzo'inmn,  Assa  odo- 
ra'ta,  Bevjui.  Benjuin,  Jis&a  dulcis,  Ben'jaoy, Ben- 
jo' 'inum,  Belzol,  Belzoim,  Benzol,  Sly'racis  Be?i- 
zo'ini  Bul'samum,  Liquor  Cyreni'acit<,  Croton 
Benzoe,  Ben  of  Judge' a,  Acor  Benzo'inus,  Sal 
Ac"idum  sen  essentia' 1 1  seu  voloi.'ile  Benzoes. 
(F.)  Bcnjoin,  Baume  Benjoin,  Assa  douX-  A 
resinous,  dry,  brittle  substance,  obtained  from 


BEiNJAMIN 


100 


BtTRE 


Styraz  Benzoin,  Arbor  Br.nivi,  of  Sumatra.  The 
odour  is  extremely  fragrant,  and  taste  slightly 
aromatic.  It  is  principally  used  for  the  prepa- 
ration of  the  acid  which  it  contains.  It  is  also 
employed  in  some  vulnerary  tinctures,  and  as 
an  expectorant.  Benzoic  Acid,  Ac"idum  Ben- 
zo'icum,  is  obtained  from  it  by  sublimation. 
The  purest  Benjamin  is  in  amygdaloid  masses: 
hence  called  (F.)  Bcnjoin  amygdaloide, 

Ben'jajiin,  Flowers  of,  or  Benzo'ic  Acid, 
Ac"idum  Benzo'icum,  Flores  Benzoes,  Flores 
Benzo'ini,  Ad'idum  Benzo'icu/n  per  sublima- 
lio'nern.  (F.)  Acide  Benzoique.  This  acid  ex- 
ists in  all  the  balsams,  but  chiefly  in  Benzoin, 
from  which  it  is  obtained  by  sublimation.  It  is 
in  the  vanilla,  canella,  the  urine  of  infants,  and 
of  herbivorous  animals.  Its  odour  is  aromatic 
and  fragiant;  taste  hot,  slightly  acidulous,  and 
agreeable.  The  crystals  consist  of  white,  satiny 
flakes,  slightly  ductile.  It  is  probably  stimu- 
lant; and  has  been  used,  as  such,  in  chronic 
catarrh;  but  it  has  little  efficacy. 

BENJAOY,  Benjamin. 

BEN  JOIN  UM,  Benjamin. 

BENJUI,  Benjamin. 

BENNE.  Sesamum  orientale. 

BENNET,  HERB,  Geum  urbanum  and  G. 
Virsr'inianum. 

BltNOITE,  Geum  urhanum— b.  Aquatiqae, 
Geum  rivale — b.  des  Ruisseaux .  Geum  rivale — 
0.  de  Virginie,  Geum  Virginianum. 

BENZOE,  Benjamin. 

BENZOENIL,  Vanilla. 

BENZOIN,  Benjamin — b.  Odoriferum,  Lau- 
rus  Benzoin. 

BERBERIS,  Oxycantha  Galeni— b.  Cana- 
densis, see  Oxycantha  Galeni. 

BERCE,  Heraclemn  spondylium. 

BERENDAROS,  Ocymum  basilicum. 

BERENICE    Succinum. 

BERFiNICIUM,  Polassse  nitras. 

BERENlSECUM,  Artemisia  vulgaris. 

BERGAMOTE,  Bcr gamot 'ta,  (F  )  Bcrga- 
motle.  A  small  orange,  of  a  very  agreeable 
taste;  and  peculiar  odour.  From  its  bark  an 
oil,  Oleum  Berga'mii,  (Ph.  U.  S.)  is  obtained, 
which  is  much  employed  as  a  perfume,  and 
sometimes  in  medicine. 

BER'IBERI,  Beribc'ria,  Syn'clonus  Beribe'ria, 
Parai'ysis  Ber'iberi,  from  beri  in  the  Singhalese 
language,  which  signifies  'weakness;'  there- 
fore, beriberi,  'great  weakness.'  This  word  is 
also  said  to  be  Hindusthanee,  and  to  mean  a 
sheep. — Bontins.  Beriberi  is  an  Indian  disease, 
little  known  in  Europe.  It  consists  in  debility 
and  tremors  of  the  limbs, — sometimes,  indeed, 
of  the  whole  body;  with  painful  numbness  of 
the  affected  parts,  &c: — the  patient  walking 
doubled;  and  imitating  the  movements  of  sheep! 
Some  authors  have  esteemed  it  rheumatic ; 
others,  paralytic;  others,  to  be  a  kind  of  chorea. 
It  is,  almost  always,  incurable,  but  rarely  fatal; 
and  is  treated  by  exercise,  stimulant  frictions, 
sudorifics,  &c.  It  is  sometimes  called  Bar'biers, 
but  this  would  seem  to  be  a  different  disease. 

BERIOOCOE.  Prunns  armeniaca. 

BERLE  NODIELORE,  Sium. 

BERLUR,  Metamorphopsia. 

BERMU'DAS,  CLIMATE  OF.  Pulmonary- 
invalids  are  occasionally  sent  to  Bermuda,  but 
the  principal  objection  to  a  winter  residence 
there,  is  the  prevalence  of  strong  winds;  espe 
cially  of  the  dry,  sharp,  and  cold  north-west 


winds,  during  the  winter  and  spring.  Still,  it 
affords  a  good  winter  retreat  for  the  phthisical, 
from  any  part  of  the  United  Stales,  provided 
due  cate  be  selected  in  choosing  a  suitable  lo- 
cality. The  neighbourhood  of  Hamilton  has 
been  strono-ly  recommended  with  this  view. 

BERNARD  THE  HERMIT,  Cancellus. 

BERRIES,  INDIAN,  see  Menispermum  coc- 
culus— b.  Turkey,  yellow,  see  Piper  cubeba. 

BERS.  A  sort  of  electuary,  composed  of 
pepper,  seed  of  the  white  hyoscyamus,  opium, 
euphorbium,  saffron,  &c.  The  Egyptians  used 
it  as  an  excitant.— Prospero  Alpini. 

BERU,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Beru  is  in 
Champagne,  France.  The  waters  are  slightly 
chalybeate. 

BESASA.Ruta. 

BESICLES,  Spectacles. 

BESOIN,  Want — b.  de  Respirer,see  Want— b, 
de  la  Vie,  Necessary  of  life. 

BESSANEM.  A  word  used  by  Avicenna, 
for  redness  of  the  skin,  limbs,  and  face,  pro- 
duced bv  the  action  of  cold. 

Sg&£JSeeGeme,luS- 

BETA.  The  Beet,  Sic'ula,  (F.)  Bate,  Bet- 
terave.  Family,  Chenopodeae.  Sex.  Syst.  Pen- 
tandria  Digynia.  A  genus  of  plants,  of  which 
the  following  are  the  chief  varieties. 

Beta  Hy'buida,  Root  of  Scarcity.  Root  red, 
outside;  white,  within.  Very  nutritive;  yields 
sugar. 

Beta  Vulga'ris  Alba,  White  Beet.  The 
root  yields  sugar,  and  the  leaves  are  eaten  as  a 
substitute  for  spinach. 

Beta  Vulga'ris  Rubra,  Red  Beet.  Root  red 
and  nutritive;  yields  a  small  quantity  of  sugar. 

BETEL,  Piper  Betel.  A  species  of  pepper, 
cultivated  in  several  parts  of  India.  The  In- 
dians are  in  the  habit  of  chewing  the  leaves 
with  lime  and  areca;  and  they  give  the  name 
Betel  to  this  preparation.  It  is  used  in  all  the 
equatorial  countries  of  Asia.  Betel  is  said  to 
be  tonic  and  astringent.  It  is  also  called  Belle, 
Betre,  Bctle.     See  Areca. 

BETH  ROOT,  Trillium  latifolium— b.  broad- 
leaf,  Trillium  latifolium. 

B/iriSE.  Dementia. 

BETOINE,  Betonica  officinalis— b.  des  Mon- 
tagues. Arnica  montana. 

BliTON,  Colostrum. 

BETONICA  AQUATICA,  Scrophularia 
aquatica. 

Beton'ica  Officinalis,  Cestron,  Beton'ica 
purpu'rea,  Veton'ica  Cordi,  &c.,  Bet'ony,  Wood 
Betony,  Psychol' rophum,  Veroni'ca  purpu'rea, 
(F.)  Betoine,  Family,  Labiatae.  Sex.  Syst.  Didy- 
namia  Gymnospermia.  Betony  was  in  much 
esteem  amongst  the  ancients,  who  employed 
the  flowers  and  leaves,  in  decoction,  in  gout, 
sciatica,  cephalalgia,  &c.  It  was  so  called, 
according  to  Pliny,  from  being  in  great  repute 
among  the  Vettones,  or  Bettones,  an  ancient 
people  of  Spain.  Antonius  M  usa  is  said  to  have 
written  a  volume  in  praise  of  it;  recommending 
it  in  no  less  than  47  different  diseases.  It  has, 
however,  little  or  no  virtue.  The  leaves  are 
said  to  be  aperient,  and  the  root  emetic. 

Betonica  Paui.i,  Veronica. 

BETONY,  Betonica  officinalis— b.  Paul's, 
Lycopus  Virginicus— b.  Water,  Scrophularia 
iquatica— b.  Wood,  Betonica  officinalis. 

BkTRE,  Betel. 


BETTE 


101 


BICEPS 


BETTE,  Beta. 

BETTERAVE,  Beta. 

BET'ULA  ALBA.  The  Birch,  (F  )  Bouleau 
commun.  The  young  leaves  are  slightly  odo- 
rous, astringent,  and  bitter.  They  are  applied 
to  wounds  and  ulceis.  They  have  been  regard- 
ed as  antiscorbutic  and  anthelmintic.  The  tree 
furnishes  a  saccharine  juice,  which  is  consider- 
ed antiscorbutic  and  diuretic. 

Betula  Lenta,  Sweet  Birch,  Black  Birch, 
Cherry  Birch,  Mountain  Mahogany,  is  an  Ame- 
rican species,  the  bark  and  leaves  of  which  have 
the  smell  and  taste  of  Gaultheria  procumbens. 
An  infusion  is  sometimes  made  of  them,  and 
used  as  an  excitant  and  diaphoretic.  The  vola- 
tile oil  is  nearly  if  not  wholly  identical  with 
that  of  Gaultheria. 

BEURRE,  Butter— b.  de  Bambouc,  Butter  of 
bambouc — b.  dc  Cacao,  Butter  of  cacao—  b.  de 
Coco,  Butter  of  cocoa. 

BEUVRIGNY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Beuvrigny  is  in  the  viciniiy  of  Bayeux  in  Nor- 
mandy.    The  water  is  chalybeate. 

BtiVVE,  Diplopia. 

BEX,  Tussis — b.  Convulsiva,  Pertussis — b 
Humida,  Expectoration — b.  Theriodes,  Per- 
tussis. 

BEXIS,  Tussis. 

BEXU'GO.  Under  this  name,  a  purgative 
root  was  formerly  introduced  into  Europe,  from 
Peru.  It  is  supposed  to  have  been  the  root  of 
a  Hippocratea. 

BEZ'OAR,  BEZ'AAR,  BEZ'EHARD,  PA'- 
ZAHAR,  from  Persian  Pu,  'against,'  and  zahar, 
1  poison.'  Lapis  Bezoar'dicus,  Cat' cuius  Biz' oar, 
Enlerol.'ithus  Btzoar'dus,  Bczoard.  A  calculous 
concretion,  found  in  the  stomach,  intestines, 
and  bladder  of  animals.  Wonderful  virtues 
were  formerly  attributed  to  these  Bezoars. 
There  were  two  great  varieties:  the  Bez'oar 
orienta'lg,  An'imal  Bczoar'ticum  orienta'te,  form- 
ed in  the  fourth  stomach  of  the  gazelle  of  India 
(Gazella  Indica,  or  rather  Jtnlilopc  cervicapra .') 
and  the  Bez'oar  occidentals,  Animal  Bezoar'ti- 
cumoccidenta'/e,  found  in  the  fourth  stomach  of 
the  wild  goat  or  chamois  of  Peru.  These  sub- 
stances were  esteemed  to  be  powerful  alexiphar- 
inics;  but  the  former  was  the  more  valued.  It 
was  believed,  that  no  poison,  and  no  eruptive, 
pestilential,  or  putrid  disease  could  resist  its  in- 
fluence. As  so  many  virtues  were  ascribed  to  it, 
other  animal  concretions  were  substituted  for 
it;  and  factitious  Bezoards  were  made  of  crab's 
eyes  and  claws,  bruised  and  mixed  with  musk, 
ambergris,  &c. 

Bez'oar  Bovi'num,  (F.)  Bizoard  de  Bavf, 
Bezoard  of  the  beef.  A  concretion  fortned  in 
the  fourth  stomach  of  beeves:  also,  a  biliary 
calculus  found  in  the  gallbladder. 

Bez'oaiid  of  Cayman.  This  was  once  much 
prized.     It  is  now  unknown. 

BtiZOARD  (VALLEMAGKE,  jEgngrophila. 

Bkz'oahd  of  the  Chamois,  House,  &c,  ex- 
hibits its  origin  in  the  name. 

Bkz'oahd  of  the  Indian  Por'cupine,  Bez'- 
oAn  Hys'timcis,  Lapis  Porci'nus,  Lapis  Malu- 
cen'sis,  retro  del  Porco,  (F.)  Bizoard  de  Pore 
Epic,  was  formerly  the  dearest  of  all  the  Be- 
zoards, and  was  sold  at  an  enormous  price  in 
Spain  and  Portugal. 

Bez'oaiid  Mineral,  Antimonium  diaphorcli- 
cun, — b.  Vegetable,  see  Calappite. 

BEZOAR'DIC,    Bezoar'dicus,    (F.)    Bezoar- 


dique;  concerning  the  bezoard.  Bezoardic  me- 
dicines are  those  supposed  to  posses  the  same 
properties  with  the  bezoard;  as  antidotes,  alexi- 
teria,  alexipharmics,  cordials. 

BEZOAUDICA  RADIX,  Dorstenia  contra- 
yerva. 

BEZOAR'DICUM  SATUR'NI.  A  pharma- 
ceutical preparation,  regarded  by  the  ancients 
as  antihysteric.  It  was  formed  of  protoxide  of 
lead,  butler  of  antimony,  and  nitric  acid. 

Bezoar'dicum  Huma'num.  Urinary  calculi 
were  formerly  employed  under  this  name  as 
powerful  alexipharmics. 

Bezoaii'dicum  Jovia'lk.  A  sort  of  greenish 
powder,  used  as  a  diaphoretic,  and  formed  of 
antimony,  tin,  mercury,  and  nitric  acid. 

Bezoar'dicum  Luna' re.  A  medicine  former- 
ly regarded  as  a  specific  in  epilepsy,  convul- 
sions, megrim,  &c.  It  was  prepared  of  nitrate 
of  silver,  and  butter  of  antimony. 

Bezoar'dicum  Martia'i.e.  A  tonic  medi- 
cine, used  by  the  ancients  in  diarrhoea.  It  was 
prepared  from  the  tritoxide  of  iron  and  butter 
of  antimony. 

Bezoar'dicum  Mekcuria'i.e.  A  medicine, 
formerly  vaunted  as  an  antisyphilitic,  and  pre- 
pared from  the  mild  chloride  of  mercury,  butter 
of  antimony,  and  nitric  acid. 

Bezoaii'dicum  Minf.ra'le.  The  deutoxide  of 
antimony;  so  called,  because  its  properties 
were  supposed  to  resemble  those  of  animal  bezoard. 

Bezoaii'dicum  Sola'rk.  A  diaphoretic  me- 
dicine, prepared  of  gold  filings,  nitric  acid,  and 
butter  of  antimony. 

Bezoar'dicum  Ven'eris.  A  pharmaceutical 
preparation,  formerly  employed  in  lepra,  dis- 
eases of  the  brain,  &c;  and  which  was  made 
from  filings  of  copper,  butter  of  antimony,  and 
nitric  acid. 

BI,  as  a  prefix  to  words,  has  the  same  signi- 
fication as  Di. 

BIAIOTHANATI,  Biothanati. 

BIBITORIUS,  Rectus  internus  oculi. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY,  MEDICAL,  from  p,fiXo?, 
'a  book,'  and  yQaqxo,  'I  describe.'  Skill  in  the 
knowledge  of  medical  books.  The  most  distin- 
guished medical  bibliographers  have  been  :  J. A. 
Van  der  Linden,  Anistelod.  1662,  Svo.  (L.) 
M.  Lipenius,  Francf.  ad  Mcen.  1G79.  fol.  (L.i 
G.  A.  Meiicklein,  Norimb.  1G86,  (L.)  J.  J. 
Manget,  Genev.  1695  to  1731,  (L  )  Tarin  (ana- 
tomical,) Paris,  1753,  (F.)  A.  von  Haller, 
Zurich,  1774,  &c.  (L.)  Vjgiliis  von  Creut- 
zenfei.d  (surgical,)  Vindob  1781,  (L.)  C.  G. 
Kuhn,  Lips.  1794,  (L.)  C.  L.  Sciiweickard 
(anat.,  phys.,  and  legal  medicine,)  Stottgard, 
17(16  to  1800,  (L  )  G.  G.  Ploucquet,  Tubing. 
1808  to  1814,  (L  )  C  F.  Bukdach,  Gotha,  1810 
to  1821.  (G.)  J.  S.  Ersch,  (since  1750,)  Leipz. 
1822,  (G.)  Th.  Ch  Fr.  Ensi.in,  (of  Germany, 
since  1750,)  Berlin.  1820,  (G.)  J.  B.  Mont- 
fai.con,  Paris,  1827,  (F.)  J  Forbes,  M.  D  , 
F.  R.  S.,  Lond.  1835.  A.  C.  P.  Callisen,  Copen- 
hagen, 1845,  (G.) 

BICAUDALIS,  Retrahens  anris. 

BICAUDA'TUS,  Cauda' 'tus,  'double  tailed.' 
A  monsier  having  two  tails. 

BICEPHA'LIUM,  Dicrphn'lhnn.  A  hybrid 
word,  from  hi  and  xttpaltj,  'head.'  Sauvages 
applies  this  epithet  to  a  very  large  sarcoma  on 
the  head,  which  seems  to  form  a  double  head. 

BICFPF1ALUS,  Dicephalus. 

BICEPS,  from  bis,  'twice,'  and  caput,  'head.' 


BICEPS  EXTERNUS 


102 


BIMANUS 


That  which  has  two  heads.  This  name  has 
been  particularly  given  to  two  muscles;  one 
belonging  to  the  arm,  the  other  to  the  thigh. 

Biceps  Exter'nus,  Mus'culus.  The  long 
portion  of  the  Triceps  Brachial  lis. — Douglas. 

Bickps  Flkxoii  Cruris,  Biceps  Cruris,  Bi- 
ceps, (F.\  Biceps  Crural,  Biceps  Fern' oris,  ls'- 
chiofem  oro  peronicr — (CI).)  A  muscle  on  the 
posterior  part  of  the  thigh;  one  head  arising 
from  the  tuberosity  of  the  ischium,  and  the 
other  from  a  great  part  of  the  linea  aspera.  Jt 
is  inserted  into  the  top  of  the  fibula.  It  serves 
to  bend  the  leg  on  the  thigh. 

Biceps  Flexor  Co'biti,  Biceps  Bra'chii, 
Cor' aco-radiu' lis,  Biceps,  Biceps  manus,  Bi- 
ceps inter' nus,  Biceps  inter' nus  hu'meri,  (F.) 
Sea  p'ulo- radial  (Ch.,) —  Biceps  Brachial.  A 
muscle,  situate  at  the  anterior  and  internal  part 
of  the  arm;  extending  from  the  edge  of  the 
glenoid  cavity  and  from  the  top  of  the  coracoid 
process  to  the  tuberosity  of  the  radius.  It 
bends  the  fore-arm  upon  the  arm. 

B1CHE  DE  M  ER,  Sea  Slug.  A  molluscousani- 
mal  belonging  to  the  genus  Holothuria,  which  is 
caught  amongst  the  islands  of  the  Feejee  group, 
New  Guinea,  &c,  and  when  prepared  finds  a 
ready  sale  in  China,  where  it  is  used  as  an  in- 
gredient in  rich  soups 

BICI1ET.  Terra  Orleana. 

B1CH1CITLE  Pectoral  medicines,  com- 
posed of  liquorice  juice,  sugar,  blanched  al- 
monds, &c. — Rhazes. 

BICHIOS,  Dracunculua. 

BICHO,  Dracunculus. 

Bicno  ru  culo,  (S  )  A  disease  about  the 
anus,  said  to  be  endemic  in  Brazil.  It  is  attri- 
buted to  bad  food;  the  use  of  pimento,  &.c; 
and  is  treated  by  astringents. 

BICHOS.  A  Portuguese  name  for  the  worms 
that  get  under  the  toes  of  people  in  the  Indies; 
and  which  are  destroyed  by  the  oil  of  the  ca- 
shew nut. 

BICIPITAL, from  biceps  (bis  and  caput)  'two- 
headed.'     Relating  to  the  biceps. 

Bicip'itai,  Groove,  (F.)  Coulisse  ou  Gout- 
litre  bicipitale,  Coulisse  humerule,  (Ch.,)  is  a 
longitudinal  groove,  situate  between   the  tube- 

fosities  of  the  os  humeri,  which  lodges  the 
ong  head  of  the  biceps. 

Bicip'itai.  Tu'jbercle  or  Tuberosity,  (F.) 
Tuberosity  bicipitale; — a  prominence  near  the 
upper  extremity  of  the  radius,  to  which  the 
tendon  of  the  biceps  is  attached. 

BICORNE  RUDE,  Ditrachyceros. 

BICUS'PID,  B  cuspida'lus,  from  bis,  '  twice,' 
and  cuspis,  'a  spear.'  That,  which  has  two 
points  or  tubercles. 

Bicus'fid  Teeth,  Dtnte.s  Bicuspida'ti,  (F.) 
Dents  bicuspid  ees,  the  small  molares.  See 
Moi.au. 

BIECHO,  Bische. 

BlkRE,  Cerevisia. 

B1ESTINGS,  Colostrum. 

BIFEMORO  CALCAJflEJf,  Gastrocnemii. 

BIFURCA'TION,S//«rert'fto,from&*,«twice,' 
and  fiiica.  'a  fork.'  Division  of  a  trunk  into 
two  branches;  as  the  bifurcation  of  the  trachea, 
aorta.  &<•■ 

BIGASTER.  Digaslricus. 

BIG  BLOOM.  Magnolia  imcrophylla. 

•BIGG Alt  A  disease  of  Bengal,  remarkable 
for  the  intensity  and  dagger  of  (he  cerebral 
pymptomfl  —Twining. 


BIG-LEAF,  Magnolia  macrophylla. 

BIGLES.     See  Strabismus. 

BIGNOiNIA  CATALPA.  Catalpa. 

Bigno'nia  In'dica.  The  leaves  are  employed 
in  India,  as  emollients,  to  ulcers. 

B1JON.     See  Pinus  sylvestris. 

BILAZAY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Bi- 
lazay  is  a  town  in  France,  two  leagues  from 
Tiiouar,  department  of  Deux  Sevres,  near 
which  is  a  thermal  sulphureous  spring.  Tem- 
perature about  77°  Fahrenheit. 

BILBERRY,  Vaccinium  myrtillus— b.  Red, 
Vaccinium  vitis  idsea. 

BILE,  Bilis,  Fel,  Chol'os,  Choll,  (F.)  Bile, 
Fiel.  A  yellow,  greenish,  viscid,  bitter,  nau- 
seous fluid,  secreted  by  the  liver.  It  is  distin- 
guished into  hcpat'ic  and  cystic;  according  as  it 
flows  immediately  into  the  duodenum  from  the 
liver  or  from  the  gall-bladder.  It  contains,  ac- 
cording to  Muratori,  water,  a  peculiar  fatty 
matter,  colouring  matter,  (Cholepyr'rhin  or  Bi- 
liphce'in,)  cholesterin  combined  with  soda;  pi- 
cromel  or  bilin;  extract  of  flesh,  mucus;  soda, 
phosphate  of  soda;  phosphate  of  lime,  and 
chloride  of  sodium. 

The  use  of  the  bile  is  to  remove  from  the 
body  superfluous  hydro-carbon;  and  it  is  pro- 
bably inservient  to  useful  purposes  in  digestion. 

Bii.e,  Furunculus. 

Bile,  Black,  Alrabilis — b.  de  Bcevf,  see  Bile 
— b.  Repandue,  Icterus. 

Bile  or  Gall  of  the  Ox,  Ox  Gall,  Fel  Tauri, 
Fel  Bovis,  F.  Bovi'nvm,  (F.)  Bile  de  Basuf,  was 
once  reputed  cosmetic  and  detergent,  anti-otal- 
gic  and  emmenagogue;  as  well  as  to  possess 
the  power  of  facilitating  labour.  It  has  also 
been  given  as  a  bitter  stomachic  and  anthel- 
mintic; and  recently,  as  a  tonic  and  laxative,  in 
cases  of  deficiency  of  the  biliary  secretion. 

Bile  or  Gall  of  the  Bear,  Fel  Ursi,  was 
thought  to  be  antiepileptic;  and  that  of  the  Eel, 
Fel  anguil'la,  to  facilitate  labour. 

BILIARY,  Bilia'ris,  Bilia'rius.  That  which 
relates  to  bile. 

Bil'iary  Appara'tus,  B.  organs,  B  passages. 
The  collection  of  parts  that  concur  in  the  se- 
cretion and  excretion  of  bile:— viz.  the  liver, 
pori  biliarii  or  tubuli  biliferi;  hepatic,  cystic, 
and  choledoch  ducts  and  gall-bladder. 

Bil'iary  Concre'tioss  are  concretions  found 
in  some  parts  of  the  biliary  apparatus. 

BILIEUX,  Bilious. 

B1LIMBI,  Avenhoa  bilimbi. 

BILIMBING  TERES,  Averrhoa  bilimbi. 

BILIN,  Picromel. 

BIL'IOUS,  Bilio'sus,  Epich'olos,  Picroch'olos, 
(F.)  Bilieux.  That  which  relates  to  bile,  con- 
tains bile,  or  is  produced  by  bile.  An  epithet 
given  to  certain  constitutions  and  diseases, 
which  are  believed  to  be  the  effect  of  super- 
abundance of  the  biliary  secretion;  as  Bilious 
temperament,  B.  symptoms,  B.  fever. 

BILIPLLEIN,  see  Bile. 

BIL1VERDIN,  from  Bilis, ' bile,'  and  riridis, 
'  green.'  On  adding  an  acid  to  a  solution  of  the 
yellow  colouring  matter  of  bile,  a  precipitate  of 
green  flocculi  takes  place,  which  possesses  all 
the  properties  of  chlorophyll,  or  the  ereen  co- 
louring matter  of  leaves.  This  is  the  biliverdin 
of  Berzclius. 

BILUMBF  BITING  BING,  Mains  Indica. 

Bl'MANUS,  from  his  and  manus,  -a  hand.' 
One  that  has  two  hands.     A  teim  applied  only 


BINDWEED 


103 


BISTOURI 


to  man,  because  lie  is  the  sole  mammiferous 
animal  that  possesses  two  perfect  hands. 

BINDWEED,  Polygonum  aviculare — b  Fid- 
dle-leaved, Convolvulus  panduratus — b.  Great, 
Convolvulus  sepium— b.  Lavender-leaved, Con- 
volvulus cantabrica — b.  Sea,  Convolvulus  solda- 
nella— b.  Virginian,  Convolvulus  panduratus. 

BINKOHUMBA,  Phyllanthus  urinaria. 

BINOC'ULUS,  Bin' ode,  Diophthalfmica  Fas- 
cia, Oculis  duplex,  from  bis, '  twice,'  and  oculus, 
'an  eye.'  (F.)  CEil  double.  A  bandage  applied 
over  both  eyes.  It  was,  also,  formerly  called 
Diophthal'mus. 

BIN'SICA.  Disorderof  the  mind.  Accord- 
ing to  Van  Helmont,  an  atrophy  of  the  organ 
of  imagination. 

BIOCHYMIA,  Chymistry,  vital. 

BIODYNAM'ICS,  Biodynam'ica,  Biodynam'- 
tcS;  from  piot,  'life,'  and  dvrapig,  'power.' 
'force.'  The  doctrine  of  the  vital  activity,  or 
forces. 

BIOGAM1A,  Magnetism,  animal. 

BIOLOGY.  Physiology. 

BIOLYCHNION,  Animal  heat. 

BIOLYCH'NIUM,  from  (1tog,  'life,'  and 
Ivyviov,  'a  lamp.'  Innate  heat,  vital  heat.  Also, 
a  secret  preparation  of  which  Beguin  and  Buk- 
crave  make  mention. 

BIOMAGNETISMUS,  Mao-netism,  animal. 

BIOPHjENOMONELOGIA,  Physiology. 

BIOS,  (}ioq.  Life,  (q.  v.)  Also,  what  is  ne- 
cessary for  the  preservation  of  life. 

BIOTE,  Lite. 

BIOTHAN'ATI,  Biaiothan'ati,  from  fro?, 
'life,'  and  Saruroi;,  '  death.'  Those  who  die  of 
a  violent  death, — very  suddenly,  or  as  if  there 
was  no  space  between  life  and  death. 

BIOTICS,  Physiology. 

B1R,  Thorax. 

B1RA,  Cerevisia. 

BIRCH,  Betula  alba— b.  Black,  Betula  lenta 
— b.  Cherry,  Betula  lenta — b.  Sweet,  Betula 
lenta. 

BIRTH,  CROSS,  Presentation,  preternatural. 

BIRTH  WORT,  Aristolochia— b.  Snakeroot, 
Aristolochia  serpentaria. 

BISCHE,  Bieclw.  A  malignant  kind  of  dy- 
sentery, which  often  prevails  in  the  island  of 
Trinidad. 

BlS'CUlT,Biscoc'tus,  'twice  baked.'  A  kind 
of  dry.  hard  bread,  or  cake,  which  is  variously 
made;  and,  when  without  ejrgs  or  butter,  is 
easy  of  digestion.  It  was  formerly  called  Dipy- 
rites.  and  Dipyros. 

BISERMAS,  Salvia  sclarea. 
.    BISFERiENS.  Dicrotus. 

BISHOPS  WEED,  Ammi. 

BISLINGUA,  Ruscus  hypoglossum. 

BISMALVA,  Althaea. 

BISMUTH,  Bismu'thum,  Wismn'thum,  RrS'- 
vlus  of  Bis'muth,  Marcasi'ta,  Tin  Glass.  (F  ) 
Alain  gris,  E.  de  Glace.  A  metal,  in  spicular 
plates,  of  a  yellowish-white  colour;  s.  gr.9.822. 
Fusible  at  400°  Fahrenheit,  and  volatilizable  at 
a  high  temperature.  It  is  used  only  in  the  pre- 
paration of  the  subnitiale. 

Bismuth.  Subni'trate  of,  Marcasi'ta  alba, 
Pluwbam  cine'reum,  Magiste'rivm  Marcasi'ta, 
Bismu'thum  Kil'rieum,  B.  Subnii'rinim,  Mtras 
Subbionu'thicum,  Nitras  Bismuthi,  Calx  Vistnu'- 
thi,  Bismu'thum  oxydula'tum  alburn,  Oxyd  of 
Bismuth,  Mag"istery  of  Bismuth,  Pcail   White, 


Spanish  White,  (F.)  Sousnitrate  de  bismuth,  Oxide 
blanc  de  B .,  Blanc  defard,  Blanc  de  pale.  (Bis- 
muth, in  frustulis,  ^j.  Acid  nitric,  f.  giss.  An. 
destill.  q.  s.  Mix  a  fluidounce  of  distilled  water 
with  the  nitric  acid,  and  dissolve  the  bismuth 
in  the  mixture.  When  the  solution  is  com- 
plete, pour  the  clear  liquor  into  three  pints  of 
distilled  water,  and  set  the  mixture  by,  that  the 
powder  may  subside.  Lastly,  having  poured 
off  tbe  supernatant  fluid,  wash  the  subnitrate 
of  Bismuth  with  distilled  water,  wrap  it  in  bibu- 
lous paper,  and  dry  it  with  a  gentle  heat.  Ph. 
U.  S.)  It  is  considered  to  be  tonic  and  anti- 
spasmodic, and  has  been  chiefly  used  in  gas- 
trodynia. 

BLSP1RUS,  Dipnoos. 

B1SSUS.  The  silky  filaments  which  fix  the 
Pinna  Mari'na  to  the  rooks.  In  Italy  and  Cor- 
sica, clothes  are  made  of  these,  which  are  con- 
sidered to  favour  perspiration,  and  are  recom- 
mended to  be  worn  next  the  skin  in  rheuma- 
tism, gout,  &c. — See  Byssus. 

BISTORT,  OFFICINAL,  Polygonum  bis- 
torta. 

B1STORTA,  Polygonum  bistorta. 

BISTORTIER,  (F.)  A  name  given,  by  the 
Pharmacien,  to  a  long  wooden  pestle  used  for 
reducing  soft  substances  to  powder,  and  in  the 
preparation  of  electuaries. 

BISTOURI,  (F.)  Pistorien'sis  gla'dius,  St.al- 
pel'lus.  A  Bistoury.  A  small  cutting-knife, 
used  in  surgery, — so  called,  according  to  Huet, 
from  the  town  of  Pistori,  which  was  formerly 
celebrated  for  the  manufacture  of  those  instru- 
ments. A  bistoury  has  the  form  of  a  small  knife, 
and  is  composed  of  a  blade  and  handle.  The 
blade,  which  is  most  commonly  movable  in  the 
handle,  may  be  fixed  by  a  button,  spring,  &c. 
When  fixed  in  the  handle,  the  bistouri  is  called 
by  the  French,  B    a  lame  fixe  ou  dormaule. 

The  chief  bistouries  are:— 1.  The  straight 
B  (F.)  B.  droit,  in  which  the  blade  and  cutting 
edge  are  straight:  the  point  being  fine,  round, 
or  square.  2.  The  convex  B.  (F.)  B.  convexe; 
the  blade  of  which  is  convex  at  the  cutting 
edije.  concave  at  the  back.  3.  The  concavk 
B.  (F.)  B.  concave;  the  blade  of  which  is  con- 
cave at  its  edge,  and  convex  at  the  back.  4. 
blunt-pointed  B.  (F.)  B.  boutonne ;  the  blade 
of  which  has  a  button  at  its  extremity.     5.  The 

BLUNT     OR    PROBE-POINTED    BlSTOURI    OF    PoTTJ 

concave  at  its  cutting  edge,  and  its  point  blunt; 
so  that  it  can  be  carried  on  the  palmar  sur- 
face of  the  index  finger,  to  divide  the  stric- 
ture, in  strangulated  hernia.  Sir  Astley  Cooper 
has  recommended  a  useful  modification  of  this, 
to  avoid  wounding  the  intestine,  should  it  come 
in  contact  with  the  edge  of  the  knife.  Hi3 
Bistouri  has  an  edge  of  not  more  than  eight 
lines  in  length,  situate  about  five  lines  from 
the  point.  G.  Bistouri  a  la  lime,  (F.)  is  a 
straight  Bistoury  ;  the  blade  fixed  in  the  handle, 
the  extremity  with  a  button,  and  the  edge 
made  with  a  file.  It  is  chiefly  used  for  dilating 
parts.  7.  Bistouri  hoval,  (F.)  A  Bistouri 
used  in  operating  upon  Louis  XIV.,  for  fistula 
in  ano.  8.  Bistouiu  gastriq.ue,  (F.)  A  com- 
plicated instrument,  invented  by  Morand,  for 
dilating  wounds  of  the  abdomen.  9.  Bistouri 
cache.  B.  herniaire.  ou  Jlllrnppeluurdaud  de 
Biennaise.  A  curved  bistouri,  the  blade  of  which 
is  placed  in  a  canula,  whence  it  issues  on  press- 
ing a  spring. 


BIT  NOBEN 


104 


BLECIINON 


The  word  Bistouri  is  used  by  the  French,  at 
times,  where  we  would  employ  knife. 

BIT  NOBEN,  Salt  of  BU'umen,  Padnoon, 
Soucherlooii,  Khala  mimuc.  A  white,  saline 
substance,  which  is  a  Hindoo  preparation  of 
great  antiquity,  and  has  been  supposed  to  be 
the  Sal  asphulli'les  and  Sal  Sndome'nus  of  the 
ancients.  It  is  used  by  the  Hindoo  in  the  pre- 
vention or  cure  of  almost  all  diseases. 

BITHNIMAL'CA  or  GAS'TERANAX.  Two 
unmeaning  words,  used  by  Dolasus,  to  designate 
an  active  principle  supposed  to  have  its  seat  in 
the  stomach,  and  preside  over  chymjfication,&c. 

BITTER,  Amarus— b.  Bark,  Pinckneya  pu- 
bens — b.  Bloom,  Chironia  annularis — b.  Holy, 
Hiera  picra — b  Redberry,  Cornus  Florida — b. 
Root,  Apocynum  androssemifolium,  Gentiana 
Catesbffii,  Menyanthes  verna — b.  Sweet  night- 
shade, Solanum  Dulcamara — b.  Sweet  vine,  So- 
lanum  Dulcamara. 

BITTERN  ESS,  Amaritu'do,  Amaril'ies,  Jim- 
a'ror,  Pi'cria.,(F.)  Amertume.  A  particular  taste, 
which  belongs  to  many  substances.  In  some 
diseases  there  is  a  sense  of  bitterness  felt  in 
the  mouth. 

R1TTERS.  COLUMBO,  Tinctura  Caiumba? 
— b.  Spirit,  Tinctura  gentianae  composita — b. 
Wine.  Vinum  gentiana?  compositum. 

BITTERSWEET,  Solanum  dulcamara. 

B1TTERWOOD  TREE,  Quassia. 

BITTOS.  A  disease,  in  which  the  chief 
symptom  is  an  acute  pnin  in  the  anus. — Choinel. 

BITUMEN,  GLUTINOUS,  Pissasphaltum— 
b.  Judaicum,  Asphaltum — b.  of  Judaea,  Asphal- 
tum — b.  Petroleum,  Petrolaeum — b.  Malta,  Piss- 
asphaltum— b.  Salt  of,  Bitnoben — b.  Solidum, 
Asphaltum. 

Bl VENTER,  Digastricus— b.  Cervicis,  Com- 
plexus  musculus. 

BIVENTRAL  LOBE  OF  THE  CEREBEL- 
LUM, see  Lobe,  biventral. 

BIXA  ORLEANA,  Terra  Orleana. 

BLABE,  Wound. 

BLACCIiE,  Rubeola. 

BLACIA.  Debility. 

BLACKBERRY,  AMERICAN.  See  Rubns 
fruticosus — b.  High  or  standing.see  Rubusfruti- 
cosus. 

BLACK  DRAUGHT,  see  Infusum  Sennas 
compositum. 

BLACK  DOSE,  see  Infusum  Senna?  com- 
positum. 

BLACK  ROOT,  Aletris  farinosa,  Leptan- 
dria  purpurea. 

BLACKWATER.  Pyrosis. 

BLADDER,  IRRITABLE,  Cyslerethismus. 

BLADUM,  Bit. 

BL./ESITAS,  Balbuties. 

Bi.^'si tas,  Blxsa  lingua.  Some  authors  have 
used  this  word  as  synonymous  with  stam- 
mering. See  Balbuties.  Sauvages  understands 
by  it  a  defect  in  pronunciation,  which  consists 
in  substituting  soft  consonants  for  those  that 
are  hard;  as  the  z  for  s,  the  n  for  t,  the  s  for  g 
and  J,  &c.  Also.  Lisping,  Traulis'mus,  Trau'- 
lotes,  (F.)  Blisit'e,  Bit  (purler.) 

BLiESOPODES,  see  Kyllosis. 

BL^ESOPUS,  see  Kyllosis. 

BL/ESUS.  A  distortion;  especially  the  out- 
ward distortion  of  the  legs.     Also,  a  stammerer. 

BlJlF.lRD,  (F.)  Pallidas,  Pallid'vlus.  This 
epithet  is  sometimes  given  to  the  skin,  when 
pale  and  dull;  but,  most  frequently, to  the  flesh 


of  a  wound,  when  it  has  lost  its  colour,  and  be- 
come  white.  The  word  is,  also,  sometimes  used 
synonymously  with  Albino,  (q.  v.) 

BLANC  DE  BALE1JYE,  Cetaceum— b.  de 
Fard,  Bismuth,  subnitrate  of—  b.  dc  PlEil,  Scle- 
rotic— b.  d'CEiif,  Albumen  ovi— b.  de  Perle,  Bis- 
muth, subnitrate  of. 

BLANC  MANGER,  (F.)  Cibus  albus,  Leuco- 
pha'gium,  Argyrotrophc'ma.  An  animal  jelly, 
(so  called  on  account  of  its  colour,)  combined 
with  an  emulsion  of  sweet  almonds,  to  which 
suo-ar  has  been  added,  and  some  aromatic.  It 
is  sometimes  prescribed  as  a  nutrient  in  conva- 
lescence and  chronic  diseases. 

BLANC  RHAZISor  BLANC  RAISIN.  An 
ointment  composed  of  cerusse,  white  wax,  and 
olive  oil. 

BLANCA,  Plumbi  subcarbonas. 

TO  BLANCH,  from  (F.)  blanchir,' to  whiten, 
to  bleach.'  To  deprive  of  the  outer  rind;  as  'to 
blanch  almonds;'  i.  e.  to  peel  them. 

BL.dJYCHET,(F.)  A  blanket.  A  term  given, 

by  i he    French    Pharmaciens,  to  the   woollen 

strainer  through   which   they  filter  syrup  and 

other  thick  fluids.     See,  also,  Aphtha?. 

BLANCNONORIBASII.PolypodiumfilixmaR. 

BLAS.  An  unmeaning  term,  invented  by 
Van  Helmont  to  designate  a  kind  of  movement 
in  the  body;  at  times,  local,  at  others,  under  ex- 
traneous influence.  Thus,  he  speaks  of  the 
Bias  mcteoros,  or  of  the  heavenly  bodies,  and 
the  Bias  huma'num,  that  which  operates  in  man. 

BL.ISlt,  (F.)  An  epithet  given  to  one  whom 
the  abuse  of  enjoyment  has  prevented  from  any 
longer  deriving  satisfaction  or  pleasure  from  it. 

BLASTE'MA,  Blasle'sis,  from  p.xtrxarw,  'I 
bud.'  A  germ,  (q.  v.)  The  sense  of  this  word, 
which  is  often  used  by  Hippocrates,  is  obscure. 
Castelli  thinks  it  means  the  eruption  of  some 
morbific  principle  at  the  surface  of  the  body. 
Also,  the  matrix  or  general  formative  element 
of  tissues. 

BLASTODERMA.  see  Molecule. 

BLATTA  BYZAN'TIA,  Unguis  odora'tus, 
(F  )  Blatte  de  Byzance.  This  name  seems,  for- 
merly, to  have  been  given  to  a  marine  produc- 
tion from  some  of  the  Conchylia.  It  had  an 
agreeable  smell,  a  reddish  tint,  and  the  shape 
of  a  nail.  It  was  prescribed  in  epilepsy,  hyste- 
ria, and  hepatic  obstructions.  Rondelet  affirms 
that  it  was  the  production  of  the  shell-fish  mu- 
rex  or  purpura ;  and  that  the  name  Blalta  is  de- 
rived from  the  Greek  /W.arroc,  'purple.' 

BLAVELLE,  Cejitaurea  cyanus. 

BLAVEOLE,  Centaurea  cyanus. 

BLAVEROLLE,  Centaurea  cyanus. 

BLAZING-STAR,  Liatris. 

BLE,  Bladum.  This  word  answers,  in 
France,  to  the  word  Corn  (q.  v.)  in  England; 
i.e.  any  kind  of  grain  employed  ibr  making 
bread.  Wheat  being  most  commonly  used  for 
this  purpose,  Bit  is  sometimes  restricted  to  this. 
Bit.  viiteil  is  a  mixture  of  wheat  and  rye. 

BLE,  CORNU,  Ergot— b.  d'Espagne,  Zea 
mays — //.  d  Italic,  Zea.  Mays — b.  JYoir,  Polygo- 
num fagopyrum — b.  de  Turnuic.  Zea.  Mays. 

BLA  (PARLER,)  Bleesitas. 

BLEABERRY,  Vaccinium  myrtillus. 

BLEACHING  LIQUID,  Eau  dcjavttle. 

BLEAR  EYE,  Lipp.tudo. 

BLEB,  Bulla. 

BLECHNON,  Polypodium  filix  mas. 

BLECHNUM  LIGNIFOL1UM,  Aspleniam 


BLECHROPYRA 


105 


BLISTER 


Gcolopendrium— b.  Squamosum,  Asplenium  ce- 
terach. 

BLECHROPYRA.    See  Blechros. 

BLECHROPYRUS,  Typhus  mitior. 

BLECHROS,  §XrlXo0?,  '  weak,  feeble,  slow.' 
An  epithet,  applied  to  different  affections,  and 
particularly  to  fevers.  Hence  Bleckropy'ra,  'a 
Blow  fever:'  Blechrosphjr'mia,  <  a  slow  pulse.' 

BLECHROSPHYGMIA,  see  Blechros. 

BLED,  Corn. 

BLEEDING  FROM  THE  NOSE,  Epistaxis. 

BLEEDING  HEART,  Cypripedium  luteum. 

BLEME,  (Y.)  This  word  lias  nearly  the  same 

signification  as  Blafard.     Generally,  however, 

it  includes,  also,  emaciation  of  the  countenance! 

BLENNA, Mucus— b.  Narium,  Nasal  mucus. 

BLENNELYT'RIA,  from   |H«»va,   'mucus,' 

and  cXvtqov,  '  a  sheath.'     A  discharge  of  mucus 

from  the  vagina.    Leucorrhcea.  (q.  v.)  Alibert 

BLENNEM'ESIS.     Blennoem'esis,  Vom'itus 
pituito'sus,  from  pXtwa.,  '  mucus,'  and  citing 
'vomiting.'     Vomitincr  of  mucus. 
BLENNENTERIA°  Dysentery. 
BLENNISTH'MIA,   from  (iXtwct,  'mucus,' 
and  ta9uog,   'the  gullet.'      Increased  flow   of 
mucus  from  the  pharynx  and  larynx. — Alibert 
BLENNOEMESIS,  Blennemesis. 
BLENNOG"ENOUS,   B/.ennog"enus:  from 
(iXtvv*., '  mucus,'  and  yt\xu>, '  i  form.'     Forming 
or  generating  mucus.     Breschet  and  Roussel 
de  Vauzeme  describe  an  apparatus  of  this  kind 
for  the  secretion  of  the  mucous  matter  that  con- 
stitutes the  cuticle,  composed  of  a  glandular  pa- 
renchyma or  organ  of  secretion  situate  in  the 
substance  of  the   true  skin,  and  of  excretory 
ducts,  which  issue  from  the  organ,  and  deposite 
the  mucous  matter  between  the  papilla?. 

BLENNOPHTHALMIA,  Ophthalmia,  (pu- 
rulent.) 

BLENNOP'TYSIS,  from  (tlfVv<t,  and  nrvw, '  I 
spit.'  Expectoration  of  mucus.  Catarrh  (q.  v.) 
BLENNOPY'RA,  from  ffXtwa,  and  „vq, 
'fire.'  Alibert  has  classed,  under  this  head, 
various  fevers  with  mucous  complications  ;  as 
Mesenteric  fever,  Adeno -meningeal  fever,  &c. 

BLENNORRHAGIA,  Gonorrhoea— b.  Geni- 
talium,  Leucorrhosa — b.  Notha,  Gonorrhoea  spu- 
ria— b.  Spuria,  Gonorrhoea  spuria. 

BLENNORRHAGIC  EPIDIDYMITIS,  Her- 
nia humoralis. 

BLEMYORRHAGIE  FAUSSE,  Gonorrhoea 
spuria — b.  du  Gland,  Gonorrhoea  spuria. 
BLENNORRIIINIA,  Coryza. 
BLENNORRHEA,  Blennorrlioe,  Blennor- 
rhag"ia,  Phlegmorrkcea,  Phlegmorrhag"  ia,  from 
fiXivva,'  mucus,'  and  pew,  '  I  flow.'  Inordinate 
secretion  and  discharge  of  mucus.  Also,  Go- 
norrhoea. 

Blennorrhea  Chronica,  (gleet,)  see  Go- 
norrhoea—  b.  Genitalium,  Leucorrhoea  —  b. 
Luodes,  Gonorrhoea  impura — b.  Nasalis,  Co- 
ryza— b.  Oculi,  see  Ophthalmia — b.  Oculi  go- 
norrhoea, see  Ophthalmia — b.  Oculi  neonato- 
rum, see  Ophthalmia — b.  Oculi  purnlenta,  see 
Ophthalmia — b.  Urethrals,  Gonorrhoea  —  b. 
Urinalis,  Cystorrhcea — b.  Ventriculi,  Gastror- 
rhoea — b.  Vesicae,  Cystorrhcea. 

BLENNO'SES,  from  fiXevva,  'mucus.'  Af- 
fections of  the  mucous  membranes. — Alibert. 

I3LENNOTHORAX,  Catarrh,  Peripneumo- 
nia notha — b.  Chronicns,  Asthma  humidum. 
BLENNOTORUHCEA,  Otirrhcea. 
BLENNURETHR1A,  Gonorrhoea. 
8 


BLENNURIA,  Cystorrhcea. 
BLEPHARELOSIS,  Entropion. 
BLEPHAR1DES,  Cilia. 
BLEPHAR1DOPLASTICE,   Blepharoplas- 

BLEPHARITIS,  Ophthalmia  tarsi. 

BLEPHAROBLENNORRHOZA,  Ophthal- 
mia, purulent. 

BLEPHARODYSCHRCE'A,  from  /Hi*™,, 
the  'eyehd,'  dvc,  'with  difficulty,'  and  /09*i 
'colour.'  Discoloration  of  the  eyelid.  Nee-Vus* 
of  the  eyelid. — Von  Amnion. 

BLEPHARCEDEMA  AQUOSUM,  Hydro- 
blepharon. 

BLEPHARON,  Palpebra— b.  Atoniaton,  Ble- 
pharoptosis. 

BLEPHARONCO'SIS,  Palpebrarum  Tumor, 
from  (fXcyxoov,  'eyelid.'  A  tumour  on  the  eyelid 
BLEPHAROPHTHALMIA,      Ophthalmia 
tarsi— b.  Neonatorum,  see  Ophthalmia. 

BLEPHAROPHTHALMITIS  GLANDU- 
LOSA,  Ophthalmia,  purulejit,  of  infants 

BLEPHAROPLAS'TICE,  Blepharidoplas'- 
ticS,  Insitio  Cilio'rum,  from  (jXvpagov,  '  the  eye- 
lid,' and  TrXaoriy.o?, ' forming,'  'formative.'  The 
formation  of  a  new  eyelid 

BLEPHAROPLEGIA,  Blepharoptosis. 
BLEPHAROPTO'SIS,  Blepharopk'gia,  Ca- 
sus pal'pebras  supeno'ris,  Delap'sus  pal'pebrce, 
Prolap'sus  pal'pebras,  Propto' 'sis  pal 'pebrse,  Pto'sis 
pal'pebras,  Atoniaton  blepkaron,  from  pXewapor, 
'  the  eyelid,'  and  nrmaig, <  fall.'  A  falling  down 
of  the  upper  eyelid  over  the  eye,  caused  by  a 
paralysis  of  the  Levator  pal'pebras  superioris 
muscle.  This  paralysis  is  an  unfavourable 
symptom,  as  it  is  generally  connected  with  a 
state  of  the  brain  favouring  apoplexy  or  palsy. 

Blepharoptosis  Ectropium,  Ectropium— b. 
Entropion,  Entropion. 

BLEPHAROSPAS'MUS:    from    /M.**?.P| 
'eyelid,'  and  o-nanfxog,  'spasm.'     A  spasmodic 
action  of  the  orbicularis  palpebrarum  muscle 
BLEPHAROT1S,  Ophthalmia  tarsi. 
BLEPHAROTITIS,  Ophthalmia  tarsi. 
BLEPHAROTOSIS,  Ectropium. 
BLEPHAROXYS'TUM,  from  (SX^aoov,  'eye- 
lid,' and  £wt0,  '  I  scrape.'     An  instrument  used, 
by  the  ancients,  for  removing  callosities,  which 
made  their  appearance  in  the  affection  called, 
by  the  Greeks,  r^w^a.— Paulus  of  JEo-ina' 
Gorrceus.  ° 

£L£SVT£,  Blsesitas. 
BLESSURE,  Abortion,  Wound. 
BLESTRIS'MOS.     Restlessness  of  the  sick.,. 
— Hippocr. 

BLETA.  A  word,  used  by  Paracelsus  for 
white  or  milky  urine,  arising  from  diseased 
kidneys.     Biota  alba  has  the  same  meaning-. 

BLEV1LLE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Bleville  is  a  village  about  two  miles  from  Havre. 
The  waters  are  acidulous  chalybeate*. 

BLIGHT  JN  THE  EYE,  Ophthalmia,  ca- 
tarrhal. 

BLINDNESS,  Cjecitas-b.  Colour,  Achroma- 
topsia. 

BLISTER,  Vesicato'rium,  Emplas'trum  Vesi- 
cato'rium,  Emplas'trum  Lyttas,  Epispas'ticum, 
from  Vesi'ca,  '  a  bladder,'  (F.)  Vesicatoire,  Ve- 
sicant. Any  substance  which,  when  applied  to 
the  skin,  irritates  it,  and  occasions  a  serous  se- 
cretion, raising  the  epidermis,  and  inducing  a 
vesicle.  Various  articles  produce  this  effect, 
as  canlharidcs,  mustard,  garou,  euphorbium,gar- 


BLISTERING  FLY 


106 


BLOOD-LETTING 


lie,  ammonia,  fyc.  Blisters  are  used  as  counter- 
irritants.  By  exciting  a  disease  artificially  on 
the  surface,  we  can  often  remove  another  which 
may  be  at  the  time  existing  internally.  A  perpe- 
tual blister  is  one,  that  is  kept  open  for  a  longer  or 
shorter  time  by  means  of  appropriate  dressings. 

Blister  or  vesication  also  means  the  vesicle 
produced  by  vesicatories. 

BLISTERING  FLY,  Cantharis. 

BL1STERWEED,  Ranunculus  acris. 

BL1TUM  AMERICANUM,  Phytolacca  de- 
candra. 

BLOOD,  Anglo  Saxon,  blob,  from  bleban, 
'  to  bleed.'  Sanguis,  Cruor,  Lapis  anima'lis, 
Hsema,  'at^a.  (F.)  Sang.  An  animal  fluid, 
formed  chiefly  from  the  chyle;  acquiring  im- 
portant properties  during  respiration  ;  entering 
every  organ  through  the  circulation  ;  distribu- 
ting the  nutritive  principles  to  every  texture, 
and  the  source  of  every  secretion.  The  blood 
is  white  in  the  molluscous  and  inferior  ani- 
mals, which  have  been,  hence,  called  white- 
blooded,  to  distinguish  them  from  the  red- 
blooded;  which  class  includes  the  mammalia, 
birds,  reptiles,  and  fishes.  Human  blood  is 
composed  of  water,  albumen,  fibrin,  an  animal 
colouring  substance, a  little  fatty  matter, and  dif- 
ferent salts;  as  chlorides  of  potassium  and  sodium, 
phosphate  of  lime,  subcarbonate  of  soda,  lime, 
magnesia,  oxide  of  iron,  and  lactate  of  soda, 
united  with  an  animal  matter.  Arterial  blood 
is  of  a  florid  red  colour,  strong  smell,  temp. 
100°;  s.  g.  1.049.  Venous  blood  is  of  a  brownish- 
red  :  temp.  98°;  s.  g.  I.  051.  This  difference  in 
colour  has  given  occasion  to  the  first  being 
called  red  blood;  the  latter  black.  The  former, 
which  is  distributed  from  the  heart,  is  nearly 
the  same  through  its  whole  extent:  the  latter 
is  the  remains  of  the  arterial  blood  after  the 
different  elements  have  been  taken  from  it,  in 
nutrition,  and  probably  differs  in  composition. 
It  likewise  contains  different  substances  ab- 
sorbed. Venous  blood,  taken  from  a  vessel  and 
left  to  itself,  becomes  solid  ;  and  separates  into 
two  distinct  parts, — the  serum  or  watery,  su- 
pernatant fluid  ;  and  the  cruor,  coag'uluni,  cras- 
samen'tum,  hepar  san'guinis,  placen'ta,  in'sula, 
or  clot.  The  serum  is  chiefly  water,  holding 
albumen  in  solution  and  the  salts  of  the  blood. 
The  clot  contains  the  fibrin,  colouring  matter, 
hxmatosin,  (q.  v.)  a  little  serum,  and  a  small 
quantity  of  salts.  M.  Lecanu  found  the  blood  to 
be  composed — in  1000  parts — of  water,  785.590; 
albumen,  69.415;  fibrin,  3.565;  colouring  mat- 
ter, 119.6-26;  crystallizable  fatty  matter,  4.300; 
oily  matter,  2.270;  extractive  matter  soluble  in 
alcohol  and  water,  1.920;  albumen  combined 
with  soda,  2.010;  chlorides  of  sodium  and  po- 
tassium; alkaline  phosphates,  sulphates,  and 
subcarbonates,  7.304;  subcarbonate  of  lime  and 
magnesia,  phosphate  of  lime,  magnesia  and 
iron,  peroxide  of  iron,  1.414;  loss,  2.586.  The 
following  table  exhibits  the  computations  of 
different  physiologists  regarding  the  weight  of 
the  circulating  fluid — arterial  and  venous. 


Harvey,  lbs. 

Lister,  J 

Moulins,  1 8 

Abilguard,  (. 

Bluinenbach,     I 

Lobb,  < 10 

Lower,  ( 

Sprengel,... 10  to  15 

Miiller  and  Burdach, £0 


Qucsnai, ~[ 

P.  Hoffman, •  ■  ■  ■« 

Halter, 2b  t0  * 

Vouim ™ 

Hamberger, •°u 

Keill, 10u 

The  proportion  of  arterial  blood  to  venous  is 
about  4  to  9. 

Of  late,  much  attention  has  been  paid  to  the 
varying  condition  of  the  blood  in  disease.  The 
average  proportion  of  each  of  the  organic  ele- 
ments in  1000  parts  of  healthy  blood  is  as  fol- 
lows, according  to  Lecanu,  and  MM.  Andral, 
and  Gavarret,— fibrin,  3;  red  corpuscles,  127; 
solid  matter  of  the  serum,  80:  water,  790. 

Dried  human  blood  was,  at  one  time,  con- 
sidered to  be  antiepileptic;  that  of  the  goat, 
dried,  Sanguis  hirci  sicca'tus,  sudorific,  and  an- 
tipleuretic. 

Blood,  Black,  vascular  System  of,  see 
Vascular — b.  Casein,  Globulin — b.  Corpuscles, 
Globules  of  the  blood— b.  Disks,  Globules  of 
the  blood — b.  Loss  of,  Hsemorrhagia — b.  Red, 
system  of,  see  Vascular — b.  Spitting  of.  Hae- 
moptysis— b.  Vomiting  of,  Haematemesis— b. 
White,  Lymph. 

BLOODLESSNESS,  Ana;mia. 

BLOOD-LETTING,  Missio  Sanguinis,  Hz- 
maxis.  (F.)  Saignie.  A  discharge  of  a  certain 
quantity  of  blood  produced  by  art: — an  opera- 
tion which  consists  in  making  an  opening  into 
a  vessel  to  draw  blood  from  it.  When  practised 
on  an  artery,  it  is  called  Arleriot'omy;  on  a 
vein,  Phlebot'omy;  and  on  the  capillary  vessels, 
local  or  capillary,  in  contradistinction  to  the 
former,  which  is  termed  general.  Blood-letting 
is  used  both  during  the  existence  of  a  disease,' 
as  in  inflammation,  and  in  the  way  of  prophy- 
laxis. It  is  employed  to  fulfil  various  indica- 
tions. 1.  To  diminish  the  actual  mass  of  blood; 
— when  it  is  termed,  by  the  French  Patholo- 
gists, Saignee  ivacuative.  In  such  case,  fluids 
ought  not  to  be  allowed  too  freely  afterwards. 
2.  To  diminish  the  turgescence  in  any  particu- 
lar organ — (  (F.)  Saignie  revulsive,  when  per- 
formed far  from  the  part  affected;  and  Saignie, 
derivative,  when  near.)  3.  To  diminish  the 
consistence  of  the  red  particles  of  the  blood, 
( (F.)  Saignie.  spolialive.)  The  immediate  ef- 
fects of  blood-letting  are:  diminution  of  the 
mass  of  blood  and  of  heat;  retardation  of  the 
pulse,  and  sometimes  syncope.  Bloodletting 
from  the  veins,  or  phlebotomy,  vencsec'tion,  is 
practised  on  the  subcutaneous  veins  of  the 
neck,  the  face,  the  fore- arm,  and  the  le<r  ;  some- 
times on  those  of  the  hand  or  foot.  The  neces- 
sary apparatus  consists  of  a  bandage  or  riband, 
a  compress  of  rag,  and  a  lancet  or  phleam. 

The  veins  selected  for  the  operation,  are,  1. 
In  the  fold  of  the  arm,  five  ; — the  cephalic,  ba- 
silic, the  two  median,  and  the  anterior  cubital. 
2.  In  the  hand,  the  cephalic  and  salvatella.  3. 
In  the  foot,  the  great  and  little  saphena.  4.  In 
the  neck,  the  external  jugular.  5.  In  the  fore- 
head, the  frontal.  G^ln  the  mouth,  the  ranine. 
The  operation  of  phlebotomy  in  the  limbs  is  per- 
formed by  tying  a  circular  bandage  round  the 
limb,  in  order  that  the  subcutaneous  veins  may 
become  turgid,  by  the  course  of  the  blood  being 
obstructed :  the  bandage  not  being  so  tight, 
however,  as  to  compress  the  arteries  of  the 
limb.  A  puncture  is  made  into  the  vein,  and 
the  desired  quantity  allowed  to  flow.     The  liga- 


BLOODROOT 


107 


BOLISMOS 


lure  is  now  removed;  and  a  compress  and  re- 
taining bandage  applied.  Capillary  or  local 
blood-letting  is  practised  on  the  skin  or  mucous 
membranes,  by  means  of  leeches,  the  lancet,  or 
cupping. 

BLOODROOT,  Sanguinaria  canadensis. 

BLOODSTONE,  Hematites. 

BLOOD  VESICLE,  Globule  of  the  blood. 

BLOOD  VESSEL,  (F.)  Vaisseau  sanguin. 
A  vessel  destined  to  conHin  and  convey  blood. 

Blood  Vessel,  breaking,  bursting,  bup- 
turing  of  a. — Hsemorrhagia. 

BLOODWORT,  Sanguinaria  canadensis. 

BLOOM,  HONEY,  Apocynum  androssemifoli- 
um. 

BLOTA  ALBA,  Bleta. 

BLOW,  Ictus,  PlegS,  (F.)  Coup.  Effect  pro- 
duced by  one  body  striking  another.  The  im- 
pression made  by  any  body,  which  strikes  us, 
or  against  which  we  strike; — a  common  cause 
of  wounds,  contusions,  fractures,  &c. 

BLOWING  SOUND,  Bruit  de  Souffle. 

BLUE-BELLS,  Genliana  Catesbsei. 

BLUE-BERRY,  Caulophyllum  thalictroides, 

BLUE  BOTTLE,  Centaurea  cyanus,  Cya- 
nus  segetum. 

BLUE  STONE,  Cupri  sulphas. 

BLUET  DES  JUOISSOJYS,  Cyanus  segetum. 

BLUSH,  CUTANEOUS,  see  Efflorescence. 

BOA.  An  eruption  of  red,  ichorous  pimples. 
Pliny.     See,  also,  Hidroa  and  Sudamina. 

Boa  Upas,  Upas. 

BOBERRI,  Curcuma  longa. 

BOCHIUM,  Bronchocele. 

BOClUM.Bronchocele. 

BOOKLET,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
The  springs  of  Booklet  _in  Bavaria  are  acidu- 
lous chalybeates. 

BODY,  Corpus,  Soma,  (F.)  Corps.  From 
boden,  the  'fundus  or  bottom.'  (?)  The  human 
body  is  the  collection  of  organs,  which  com- 
pose the  frame.  At  times,  however,  body  is 
used  synonymously  with  trunk.  We  say,  also, 
body  of  the  femur,  of  the  sphenoid,  &c,  to  de- 
signate the  shaft  or  middle  portion  of  those 
bones;  body  of  the  uterus,  &c.   Also,  the  rectum. 

Body,  Coming  down  ok  the,  Proctocele. 

BODY-SNATCHER,  Resurrectionist. 

BOETHEMA,  Medicament. 

BOG-BEAN,  Menyanlhes  trifoliata. 

BOHON  UPAS,  Upas. 

BOIL,  Furunculus — b.  Gum,  Parulis — b. 
Malignant,  see  Furunculus — b.  Wasp's  nest, 
see  Furunculus. 

BOIS  DE  CAMPECHE,  Hsematoxylum 
Campechianum — b.  de  Chyprc,  Rhodium  lig- 
num— b.  de  Couleuvre,  see  Strychnos — b.  de 
Alarais, Cephalanthus  occidentalis — b.dc  Plomb, 
Dirca  palustris — b.  Puant,  Prunus  padus — b.  de 
Rose,  Rhodium  lignum — b.  de  Sappan,  Caesal- 
pinia  sappan — b.  Sudorifique,  Wood,  sudorific. 

BOISSE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  These 
waters  are  situate  about  half  a  league  from  Fon- 
tenay-le-Comte  in  France.  They  are  purgative, 
and  seem  to  contain  carbonate  and  sulphate  of 
lime  and  chloride  of  sodium. 

J50/SSOJV,  Drink. 

BOITE,  (F.)  A  box  or  case,  Capsa,  Pyxis. 
An  apparatus  for  the  reception  of  any  matters, 
which  it  may  be  desirable  to  preserve.  In  Sur- 
crery  and  Anatomy,  Bottes  a  dissection,  B.  a  am- 
putation, B.  a  trepan,  B.  a  cataracte,  &c,  mean 


the  cases  in  which  these  various  instruments 
are  kept.  Boite  du  Crane  is  the  bony  case 
which  receives  the  brain.  Boite  is,  also  the 
portion  of  the  stem  of  the  trephine,  which  re- 
ceives the  pyramid  or  centrepin.  Boite  de  Petit 
is  a  machine,  invented  by  M.  Petit  to  retain 
the  fractured  portions  of  bone  in  apposition, 
when  the  leg  has  been  fractured  in  a  compli- 
cated manner.  Boite  is,  also,  a  kind  of  case 
put  before  an  artificial  anus  to  receive  the 
faeces,  which  are  continually  being  discharged. 
The  vulgar,  in  France,  give  the  name  Boite  to 
various  articulations, — B.  de  genou,  B.  de  la 
hanche;  "Knee-joint,  Hip-joint." 
BOITEMEJYT,  Claudication. 
BOITIER,  (F.)  Appareil,  Cap'sula  unguenta'- 
ria.  A  Dressing-case.  A  box,  containing  salves 
and  different  apparatus,  used  more  particularly 
by  the  dressers  in  hospitals. 

BOL,  Bolus — b.  d'Armdnie,  Bole,  Armenian 
— b.  Blanc,  Bolus  alba. 
BOLA,  Myrrha. 
BOLCHON,  Bdellium. 

BOLE,  Bolus,  (F.)  Bol,  Terre  bolaire,  meant, 
with  the  older  writers,  argillaceous  earth,  used 
as  an  absorbent  and  alexipharmic.  The  various 
boles  had  different  forms  given  to  them,  and 
were  stamped,  as  in  the  following: 

Bole  Arme'nian,  Bole  Arme'niac,  or  B. 
Ar'menic,  Argil' la  ferrugin'ea  rubra,  A.  Bo- 
lus rubra,  Sinapi'sis,  Arena'men,  Bolus  Oriental  - 
lis,  Bolus  Armeniaca,  B.  Arme'nias,  B.  rubra. 
(F.)  Bol  d'Armdnie.  A  red,  clayey  earth, 
found  not  only  in  Armenia,  but  in  several 
countries  of  Europe, — in  Tuscany,  Silesia, 
France,  &c.  It  was  once  esteemed  a  tonic 
and  astringent,  and  was  applied  as  a  styptic.  It 
is  now  scarcely,  if  ever,  used.  It  consists  of 
argil,  mixed  with  lime  and  iron. 
BOLESIS,  Coral. 
BOLESON,  Balsam. 

BOLET  ODORAJYT,  Dasdalia  suaveolens. 
BOLETUS  ALBUS,  Boletus  laricis. 
Bole'tus  Esculen'tus,    (F.)    Morelle.    An 
eatable  mushroom,  found  in  the  woods  in  Eu- 
rope, and  much  admired  by   Gastronomes.     It 
was  formerly  esteemed  to  be  aphrodisiac. 

Bole'tus  Ignia'bius.  The  systematic  name 
for  the  Ag'aric,  Agar'icus  of  the  Pharmacopoeias. 
Agar'icus  Chirurgo'rum,  Agar'icus  Quercus, 
Isfca,  itry.a.,  Bole'tus  Ungulatus,  Spunk,  Am'adou, 
Punk,  Fungus  Ignia'rius,  Fungus  Qucrci'fius, 
Agaric  of  the  Oak,  Touchicood  Boletus,  Female 
Agaric,  Tinder,  (F.)  Agaric  de  chene,  Amadou- 
vier.  It  was  formerly  much  used  by  surgeons 
as  a  styptic. 

Bole'tus  Lar'icis,  B.  Larici'nus,  Fun'gus 
Lar'icis,  Polyp' orus  ojficina'lis,  Agar'icus  albus, 
A.  albus  op'timus,  B.  purgans,  B.  albus,  (F.) 
Agaric  blanc.  On  the  Continent  of  Europe  it 
has  been  given  as  a  cathartic  and  emetic,  as 
well  as  to  moderate  the  sweats  in  phthisis — 
(De  Haen.)   Externally,  styptic. 

Boletus  Purgans,  Boletus  laricis — b.  Salicis, 
Daedalea  suaveolens. 

Bole'tus  Suav'eolens,  Fungus  sal'icis,  Fun- 
gus albus  salig'neus,  Dsedale'a  suav'eolens.  (F.) 
Agaric  odorant.  It  has  been  used  in  phthisis 
pulmonalis,  and  asthma,  in  powder.  Dose, 
from  gss  to  Zij. 

Boletus  Touchwood,  Boletus  igniarius. 
BO  LI  MART1S,  Ferrum  tartarisatum. 
BOLISMOS,  Boulimia. 


B0LITE3 


103 


BONNES 


BOLI'TES.  The  mushroom;  perhaps  the 
Jigar'icus  Auranliar.us.— Pliny,  Martial,  Seuto- 
nius,  Galen.  It  was  so  called,  in  consequence 
of  its  shape,  from  Bolus. 

BOLUS,  (SwXos,  a  morsel,  a  mouthful,  a  bole, 
(q.  v  )  (F.)  Bol.  A  pharmaceutical  preparation, 
having  a  pilular  shape,  but  larger;  capable,how- 
ever,  of  being  swallowed  as  a  pill. 

Bolus  Alba,  Terra  SigiHa'ta,  Argil' la  pallid' - 
ior:  called  sigilla'ta,  from  being  commonly 
made  into  small  cakes  or  flat  masses,  and 
stamped  or  sealed  with  certain  impressions. 
(F  )  Bol  blanc,  Terre  sigillee,  Jirgile  ochrcuse 
pate.  It  was  used  like  the  Bolus  Armenix,  and 
was  brought  from  Etruria.     See  Terra. 

Bonis,  Alimen'tarv.  Bolus  alimenta'rius. 
The  bole,  formed  by  the  food,  after  it  has  un- 
dergone mastication  and  insalivation  in  the 
mouth;  and  been  collected  upon  the  tongue 
prior  to  deglutition. 

Bolus  Ohienta'lis.  A  kind  of  bolar  earth 
only  distinguished  from  Bole  Armenian,  in  be- 
ing brought  from  Constantinople.  See  Bole, 
Armenian.  — 

Bolus  Rubra,  Bole,  Armenian. 
BOMA'REA  SALSIL'LA.    The  inhabitants 
of  Chili    use    this   plant  as  a  sudorific.     It  is 
given  in  infusion,  in  cutaneous  diseases. 
BOMBAX,  Gossypium. 
BOMBEMENT,  Bombus. 
BOMB  US,  Au'rium  fluctua'lio,  A.  sib'ilus,  A. 
son'itus,  A.  susur'rus,  (F.)  Bombement.    A  kind 
of  ringing  or  buzzing  in  the  ears; — character- 
ized, according  to  Sauvages,  by  the  perception 
of  blows  or  beating  repeated  at  certain  inter- 
vals.    See  Flatulence,  and  Tinnitus  Aurium. 
BOMBYX  MORI,  see  Sericum. 
BON,  Coffea  Arabica. 
BONA,  Phaseolus  vulgaris. 
BONDUE,  Gymnocladus  canadensis. 
BONE,  Os,  Osteon,  carter,  (F.)  Os.    Saxon, 
ban.     The  bones  are  the  solid  and  hard  parts, 
which  form  the  basis  of  the  bodies  of  animals, 
of  the  superior  classes;  and  the  union  of  which 
constitutes  the  skeleton.     The  human  body  has, 
at  the  adult  age,  208  bones,  without  including 
the  32  teeth,  the  ossa  Wormiana  and  the  sesa- 
moid   bones.     Anatomists    divide    them,   from 
their  shape,   into  1.   Long  Bones,  which  form 
part  of  the   limbs  and  represent   columns  for 
supporting  the  weight  of  the  body,  or  levers  of 
different  kinds  for  the  muscles  to  act  upon.    2. 
Flat  Bones,  which  form  the  parietes  of  splanch- 
nic cavities;  and,  3.  Short  Bones,  met  with  in 
parts  of  the  body,  where  solidity  and  some  mo- 
bility are  necessary.     Bones  are  formed  of  two 
different  textures;  spongy  and  compact.     They 
afford,  on  analysis,  much  phosphate  and  carbo- 
nate of  lime,  a  little  phosphate   of   magnesia, 
phosphate  of  ammonia,  oxides  of  iron  and  man- 
ganese, some  traces  of  alumina  and  silica,  gela- 
tin, fat,  and  water.     The  uses  of  the  bones  are 
mentioned  under  each  bone.     They  give  shape 
to  the   body,  contain   and   defend  the  viscera, 
and  act  as  levers  to  the  muscles. 


TABLE  OF  THE  BONES. 

f  fFrontal 1 

Bones    ok  j  Bones  of  the  j  ^g!i{  ;;;•;•;■■;  ........2 

the       <     Lra-  inn  or  <  „      *        .        J 

Ti  i         bi    n         !  Temporal 2 

Head.  Skull. 


Bones    c 

the 

Head. 


Dr.ntts  or 
Teeth. 


Bones    o: 

the 

Trunk. 


I 


ipor 
I  Ethmoid.. 
(Sphenoid. 


Forearm. 


Bones    op 
the  Up<>  "2  j 

PER   Ex-  |  >2 


Si 


Wrist. 


f  fSuperior  Maxillary 2 

I  Jugal  or  Cheek 2 

|  Nasal 2 

1  Bones  of  the  1  Lachrymal 2 

Face.       ]  Palatine 2 

\  Inferior  Spongy. 2 

|  Vomer 1 

I  Inferior  Maxillary 1 

Incisores 8 

Cuspidal) 4 

Molares 20 

\BTo:gruethe^y^ » 

i  Malleus 2 

Bones  of the  \  Incus 2 

Ear.         j  Orhiculare 2 

(_  (Stapes 2 

f  (Cervical 7 

Vertebra;.  <  Dorsal 12 

(  Lumbar 5 

J  Sacrum 1 

)  Os  Coccygis 1 

t>u~  rr,i„         (  Sternum 1 

The  Thorax,  j  Rjbs '£ 

(.The  Pelvis.      Innominatum 2 

The     Shout-  f  Clavicle 2 

dcr.        \  Scapula 2 

The  Aim.         Humerus 2 

CUlna 2 

\  Radius 2 

f  Naviculare 2 

j  Lunare 2 

n„  Cuneiforme  2 

Ca'Z"S  J  Orhiculare 2 

j  Trapezium 2 

Trapezoides 2 

i  Magnum 2 

I  Unciforme 2 

|  Metacarpus 10 

I       yPhal  mges 28 

fThe  Thigh.      Femur 2 

(  Patella 2 

The  Leg.    -{Tibia 2 

(  Fibula 2 

f  (Calcis  Os 2 

Bones    of  I  *S  I    Tarsus  |  Astragalus 2 

the  Low-{  ^  |        or      {  Cuboides 2 

erExtre-|^<{    Instep,    j  Naviculare 2 

mitt.       |  _|  I  (.Cuneiforme  6 

j  f|  I  Metatarsus 10 

L       I  Phalanges 28 

Total  240 


Bone,  Back,  Vertebral  column— b.  Blade, 
Scapula— b.  Boat-like.  Osscaphoides — b.  Breast, 
Sternum— b.  Haunch,  Ilion— b.  Share,  Pubis— 
b.  Splinter,  Fibula. 

Bone  Nippers,  Tenac'nla,  from  icneo,  '[I 
hold.'  (F.)  Tenaille  incisive.  An  instrument 
used  for  cutting  off  splinters  and  cartilages.  It 
is  a  kind  of  forceps,  the  handles  of  which  are 
strong,  and  the  edges,  which  touch  each  other, 
cutting. 

BONEBINDER,  Osteocolla. 

BONES,  BRITTLENESS  OF  THE,  Fragi- 
litas  ossium— b.  Friability  of  the,  Fragililas  os- 
sium— b.  Salt  of,  Ammonise  carbonas— b.  Soft- 
ening of  the,  Mollities  ossium. 

BONESET,  Eupatorium  perforatum. 

BONIFACIA,  Ruscus  hypoglossum. 

BONNE  DAME,  Atriplex  horlensis. 

BONNES,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Bonnes  is  a  village  six  leagues  from  Pau,  in 
the  department  Basses  Pyrenees,  France. 
Here  are  several  thermal  springs.  They  were 
celebrated  as  early  as  the  time  of  Francis  I , 
under  the  name  Eavx  d'Arqucbusadc.  They 
contain  chlorides  of  sodium  and  magnesium, 
sulphates  of  magnesia  and  lime,  sulphur,  and 
silica.  The  temperature  is  from  78°  to  96° 
Fahrenheit. 

The  factitious  Eau  de  Bonnes  is  made  of 
Hydrosulphuretted  water,  f.  §iv:  pure  water,  Oj 


BONNET 


109 


BOT1UM 


and  f.^ss;  chloride  of  sodium,  30  grains;  sul- 
pliate.  of  magnesia,  1  grain. 

BONNET,  Reticulum. 

BONNET  A  DEUX  GLOBES,  Bonnet 
d'  Hippocrate. 

BONNET  D  HIPPOCRATE,  Cap  of  Hip- 
pocrates, Mitra  Hippocrat'ica,  Fas'cia  capita'lis, 
Pi'leus  Hippocral'icus.  A  kind  of  bandage,  the 
invention  of  which  is  ascribed  to  Hippocrates. 
It  consists  of  a  double-headed  roller,  passed 
over  the  head  so  as  to  envelop  it  like  a  cap. 
The  French,  also,  name  it,  Bonnet  a  deux  globes, 
Capeline  do  In  tele. 

BONN  YCLABBER,  from  Irish,  baine,  <  milk,' 
and  clabar,  'mire.'     Sour  milk. 

BONPLANDIA  TRIFOUATA,  Cusparia 
febrifuga. 

BONUS  GENIUS,  Peucedanum— b.  Hen- 
ricus,  Chenopodium  bonus  Henricus. 

BOON  UPAS,  Upas. 

BOONA,  Phaseolus  vulgaris. 

BORAC'iC  ACID,  Ad'idum  Borac"icum,  Sal 
sedati'vus  Homber'gi,  Boric  Acid.  An  acid  ob- 
tained from  Borax,  which  was  once  looked  upon 
as  sedative.  It  was  also  called  ficor  Borad'ieus, 
Sal vilrio/i  narcoticum,Sal  volat'ile  Bora1 cis,  and 
Flores  Bora'cis. 

BORAGE,  Borago  officinalis. 

BORA'GO  OFFICINALIS,  Buglos'sum  ve- 
rum,  Bug.  latifo'lium,  Borru'go,  Corra'go,  Bo- 
rag,  liortcn'sis,  Borage,  (F.)  Bourracke.  Nat. 
Ord  Boragineae.  Sex.  Si/st.  Pentandria  Mono- 
gynia  The  leaves  and  flowers  have  been  con- 
sidered aperient. 

BORAS  SUPERSODICUS,  Borax. 

BORATHRON,  Juniperus  Sabina. 

BORAX,  Boras  Sodas,  Sodas  Bibo'ras,  Subbo- 
ras  Sodx,  Boras  supersat'urus  soda,  Soda  Bo- 
raxata,  Ckrysocol' la ,  Capis'trum  auri,  Subborate 
of  prolox'tde  of  Sodiam,  Subprotobo'rate  of  Sodi- 
um, Boras  Sodas  alcn/es'cens  seu  alcah'num, 
Boras  supcrsa'dicus,  Borax  Ven'elus,  Subbo'ras 
Nu'lricum,  Borax' trion,  Nilrum  facti'tium,  &.c. 
Subbo'rute  of  Soda,  (F.)  Sous-boraie  de  Soude, 
Borate  sursature)  de  soude.  It  is  found  in  an 
impure  state  in  Thibet  and  Persia.  It  is  ino- 
dorous; taste  cool,  and  somewhat  alkaline;  so- 
luble in  12  parts  of  water.  Borax  is  seldom 
used  except  as  a  lotion  in  aphthae. 

Borate  of  Mercury  has  been  recommended 
as  an  nntisvphilitic. 

BORA XTRION,  Borax. 

BORBORYGMUS,  from  poopoovtm,  'I  make 
a  dull  noise.'  Murmur,  Motus  intestino'rum, 
(F.)  Gargouillement,  Grouillement  d'Entr  allies. 
The  noise  made  by  flatus  in  the  intestines. 
This  happens  often  in  health,  especially  to  ner- 
vous individuals. 

BORD  (F.),  Margo,  Edge,  Margin.  Anato- 
mists have  so  named  the  boundaries  of  an  or- 
gan. Thus,  the  bones,  muscles,  &c.  have  bords 
as  well  as  bodies.  The  'dee  edge,'  bord  libre, 
is  one  not  connected  with  any  part;  the  'ad- 
hering ednre,'  bord  adherent,  one  that  is  con- 
nected; and  the  bord  articulaire,  or  'articular 
maigin,or  edge,'  that  which  is  joined  to  another 
bone. 

BORD  CJLTAIRE,  Ciliary  margin. 

BORDEAUX,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Near  111  is  great  city,  in  the  south-west  of  France, 
is  a  saline,  chalybeate  spring.  It  contains  ox- 
ide of  iron,  carbonate   and    sulphate  of   lime, 


chlorides  of  sodium  and  calcium,  subcarbonate 
of  soda,  and  sulphate  of  magnesia. 

BORGNE,  (F.)  Codes,  Unoc'ulus,  Luscus. 
One  who  has  only  one  eye,  or  sees  only  with 
one.  The  word  has  been  used,  figuratively,  for 
blind,  in  surgery  and  anatomy.     See  Caecus. 

BOR'OSAIL,  Zucl.  Ethiopian  names  for  a 
disease,  very  common  there,  which  attacks  the 
organs  of  generation,  and  appears  to  have  con- 
siderable analogv  with  syphilis. 

BORRAGO,  Borago  officinalis. 

BORRI,  Curcuma  longa. 

BORR1BERRI,  Curcuma  longa. 

BORSE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Borse 
is  a  village  in  Beam.  The  waters  are  chaly- 
beate. 

BO'SA.  An  ^Egyptian  name  for  a  mass, 
made  of  the  meal  of  darnel,  hempseed,  and 
water.     It  is  inebriating. — Prospero  Alpini. 

BOSOM.     See  Mamma. 

BOSSE,  Hump,  Protuberance — b.  Nasale, 
Nasal  protuberance. 

BOSWELLIA  SERRATA.  See  Juniperus 
lycia. 

BOTAL  FORA'MEN,  Fora'men  Bota'lS; 
the  Fora'men  ova'Ie,  (F.)  Trou  de  Botal.  A 
large  opening  which  exists  in  the  foetus  in  the 
partition  between  the  two  auricles  of  the  heart; 
and  by  means  of  which  the  blood  passes  from 
one  to  the  other.  Its  discovery  is  generally  at- 
tributed to  Leonard  Botallus  or  Botal,  who 
wrote  in  1562.  It  was  spoken  of,  however,  by 
Vesalius,  and  even  by  Galen. 

BOTAMQUE  M6DICALE,  Botany,  medi- 

BOT'ANY,  MEDICAL,  Botan'ica  Med'ica, 
Medici' na  Botan'ica,  Phytolog"ia  med'ica;  from 
(ifravrj,  'an  herb,'  (F.)  Botanique  Medicate.  The 
knowledge  of  the  properties,  characters,  &c, 
of  those  vegetables  which  are  used  in  Medi- 
cine. 

BOTAR'GO,  (F.)  Bolargue.  A  preparation 
made  in  Italy  and  the  south  of  France,  with 
the  eggs  and  blood  of  the  Mugilcepk'alus  or 
Mullet;  strongly  salted,  after  it  has  become  pu- 
trescent.    It  is  used  as  a  condiment. 

BOTARGUE,  Botargo.        ,    . 

BOTHOR.  An  Arabic  term  for  abscess  in 
the  nares.  It  means,  also,  tumours  in  general; 
especially  those  which  are  without  solution  of 
continuity. 

BOTHRIOCEPH'ALUS  orBOTRlOCEPH'- 
ALUS  LATUS,  from  po&Qtor,  'a  small  pit,'  and 
xttpah],  'head,'  Tx'nia,  lata,  T.  vu/ga'ris,  Lum- 
bn'cus  lulus,  Plate' a,  T.  os' 'cutis  lateral' ibus gem' '- 
inis,  T.  grisea,  T.  membra na'cea,  T.  tenet' la,  T. 
denta'ta,  T.  huma'nu  iner'mis,  Hal'ysis  mem- 
brana'cea,  T.  prima,  T.  os'culis  lateral' ibus  soli- 
tu'riis,  T.  aceph'ala,  T.  os'culis  superficial' ibus, 
T.  a  anneaux  courts,  T.  non  arm6,  Ver  solitaire, 
Broad  Tape  worm.  Common  in  Switzerland, 
Russia,  and  some  parts  of*  France.  It  inhabits 
the  intestines  of  man,  and  extends  to  an  enor- 
mous length.  A  broken  specimen  has  been  ob- 
tained ("0  yards  long. — Goeze. 

BOTH RION,  from /SoSno?,  'a  pit,  cavity, '&c. 
An  alveolus,  (q.  v.)  or  small  fossa.  A  small 
deep  ulcer  on  the  cornea. — Galen,  Paulus  of 
JEo-ina.     See  Fossctte. 

BOTHRIUM,  Fossctte. 

BUTHROS,  Fovea. 

BOTIN.  Terebintliina. 

BOT1UM,  Bronchocele. 


BOTOTHINUM 


110 


BOURBONNE-LES-BAINS 


BOTOTHINUM.  An  obscure  term,  used  by 
Paracelsus  to  denote  the  most  striking  symp- 
tom of  a  disease: — the  Flos  morbi. 

BOTOU.Pareirabrava. 

BOTRIOCEPHALUS,  Bothriocephalus. 

BOTRION,  Alveolus. 

BOTROPHIS  SERPENTARIA,Actsea  race- 
mosa. 

BOTRYS,  Chenopodium  botrys,  see  Vitis 
vinifera — b.  Ambrosioides,  Chenopodium  am- 
brosioides— b.  Americana,  Chenopodium  am- 
brosioides—b.  Anthelminticum,  Chenopodium 
anthelminticum— -b.  Mexicana,  Chenopodium 
ambrosioides. 

BOTTINE,  (F.)  A  thin  boot  or  buskin,  O'crea 
le'vior.  An  instrument,  which  resembles  a  small 
boot,  furnished  with  springs,  straps,  buckles, 
&c,  and  used  to  obviate  distortions  of  the  lower 
extremities  in  children. 

BOTTLE  NOSE,  Gutta  rosea. 

BOUBALIOS,  Momordica  elaterium,  Vulva. 

BOUBON,  Bubo. 

BOUCAGE  MJIJEUR,  Pimpinella  magna— 
b.Mineur,  Pimpinella  saxifraga — b.  Petit,  Pim- 
pinella saxifraga. 

BOUCHE.  Mouth. 

BOUCLEMENT,  Infibulation. 

BOUES  DES  EAUX,  (F.)  Boues  Minirales. 
Balnea  Cceno'sa.  The  mud  or  swamp,  formed 
near  mineral  springs;  impregnated  with  the 
substances  contained  in  such  springs,  and  con- 
sequently possessing  similar  properties.  The 
Boues  are  applied  generally  and  topically,  in 
France,  at  the  springs  of  St.  Amarid,  Bagneres 
de  Luchon,  Bagnols,  Bareges;  in  the  United 
States,  the  White  Sulphur  in  Virginia,  &c. 

BOUES  MlMRALES,  Boues  des  eaux. 

BOUFFE,  (F.)  The  small  eminence,  formed 
by  the  junction  of  the  two  lips. — Dulaurens. 

BOVF  FISSURE,  Puffiness. 

BOUGIE,  (F.)  A  wax  candle,  Candel'ula, 
Cande'la  ce'rea,  Cande'la  medica'ta,  Ce'reum 
medico' turn,  Cercolus  Chirurgo'rum,  Da'dion, 
SpccU'lum  ce'reum,  Virga  ce'rea,  Cereola.  A 
flexible  cylinder,  variable  in  size,  to  be  intro- 
duced into  the  urethra,  oesophagus,  rectum,  &c. 
for  the  purpose  of  dilating  these  canals,  when 
contracted.  A  Simple  Bougie  is  composed  of 
solid  and  insoluble  substances;  as  plaster,  elas- 
tic gum,  catgut,  &c.  It  acts  of  course  only 
mechanically. 

Bougie,  Medicated,  (F.)  B.  Medicamenlcuse, 
has  the  addition  of  some  escharotic  or  other 
substance  to  destroy  the  obstacle;  as  in  the 
Caustic  Bougie,  which  has  a  small  portion  of 
Lunar  Caustic  or  Common  Caustic,  inserted  in 
its  extremity.  Ducamp  has  recommended  a 
Bougie,  which  swells  out  near  its  extremity  for 
the  better  dilating  of  the  urethra.  This  he  calls 
B.  a  ventre.  The  metallic  Bougie,  invented  by 
Smyth,  is  a  composition  of  metal,  allowing  of 
great  flexibility;  and  a  hollow  Bougie  is  one, 
with  a  channel  running  through  it,  to  be  used  in 
the  same  manner  as  the  catheter,  or  otherwise. 

BOUILL1E,  (F.)  Pultiduk,  Pap,  from  (F.) 
bouillir,  '  to  boil.'  Flour,  beaten  and  boiled  with 
milk.     It  is  a  common  food  for  infants. 

BOUILLON,  (Fjfrom  bouillir,  'to  boil,'  Jus, 
Sorbi'tio.  A  liquid  food,  made  by  boiling  the 
flesh  of  animals  in  water.  The  osmazorne.  gela- 
tin, and  soluble  salts  dissolve;  the  fat  melts, 
and  the  albumen  coagulates.  B.  is  nourishing, 
owing  to  the  gelatin  and  osmazorne.     The  Jus 


de  Viande  is  a  very  concentrated  Bouillon,  pre- 
pared of  beef,  mutton,  veal,  &c. 

BOUILLON,\n  common  language,  in  France, 
means  a  round  fleshy  excrescence,  sometimes 
seen  in  the  centre  of  a  venereal  ulcer. 

BOUILLON  BLANC,  Verbascum  nigrum. 

BOUILLONS  MED1CIN3UX ou  PRARMA- 
CEUTIQUES.  Medicinal  or  Pharmaceutic  Bouil- 
lons,  contain  infusions  or  decoctions  of  medicinal 
herbs.  The  Bouillon  aux  hcrbes  is  generally 
composed  of  sorrel  or  beet. 

BOUILLON  d'  OS,  (F.)  Bouillon  from  bones, 
is  obtained  by  treating  bones  with  murintic 
acid,  in  order  to  dissolve  the  earthy  parts.  The 
gelatin,  which  remains,  is  then  boiled  with  a 
little  meat  and  vegetables. — D'  Arcet.  Bouil- 
lon, however,  can  be  easily  obtained  from  the 
bones  of  roast  meat  by  simple  coction. 

BOUILLONNEMENT,  Ebullition. 

BOUIS,  Buxus. 

BOULE  D'ACIER,  Ferrum  tartarizatum— 
b.  de  Mars,  Ferrum  tartarizatum — b.  de  Mol- 
sheim,  Ferrum  tartarizatum — b.  de  Nancy,  Fer- 
rum tartarizatum. 

BOULE AU  COMMUN,  Betula  alba. 

BOULIM'IA,  Bui 'im'ia,  or  Bulim'ius,  Bou'li- 
mos,  Bulimiasis,  Bolismos,  Eclim'ia,  Fames  ta- 
ni'na,  Jippeti'tus  caninus,  Appeten'  tia.  cani'na, 
Mepha'gia,  Cynorex'ia,  Bupei'na,  Phagsina, 
Phagedas'na,  Fames  Bovi'na,  F.  Lupina,  from 
povg,  'an  ox,'  and  lipos,  'hunger;'  or  from  (?», 
augmentative  particle,  and  hpoc,  'hunger.'  (F.) 
Boulimie,  Faim  canine,  F.  divor ante,  Polyphagia 
An  almost  insatiable  hunger.  A  canine  appe- 
tite. It  is  sometimes  seen  in  hysteria  and  preg- 
nancy; rarely  under  other  circumstances. 

BOULIMIE,  Boulimia. 

BOULOGNE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF 
B.  is  in  the  department  Pas-de-Calais,  France. 
The  waters  are  chalybeate. 

BOUQUET  ANATOMIQUE  DE  RWLM, 
(F.)  from  bouquet,  a  collection  of  flowers  or 
other  substances  tied  together.  A  name  given, 
by  some  anatomists,  to  the  collection  of  liga- 
ments and  muscles,  inserted  into  the  styloid 
process  of  the  temporal  bone. 

Bouquet  Fever,  Dengue. 

BOURBILLON,  see  Furunculus  (core.) 

BOURBON-LANCY,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  Bourbon-Lancy  is  a  small  village  in  the 
department  of  Sa6ne-et-Loire,  France;  where 
there  are  thermal  saline  springs,  containing  car- 
bonic acid,  chloride  of  sodium,  and  sulphate  of 
soda,  chloride  of  calcium,  carbonate  of  lime, 
iron,  and  silica.  Their  heat  is  from  100°  to  135° 
Fahrenheit. 

BOURBON  L'ARCHAMBAUT,  MINE- 
RAL WATERS  OF.  This  town  is  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Allier,  six  leagues  west  from 
Moulins,  and  has  been  long  celebrated  for  its 
thermal  chalybeate  waters.  They  contain  sul- 
phohydric  acid,  sulphate  of  soda,  magnesia,  and 
lime,  carbonate  of  iron,  and  silica.  Their  tem- 
perature varies  between  136°  and  145°  Fahren- 
heit. 

BOURBONNE-LES-BAINS,  MINERAL 
WATERS  OF.  These  springs  are  seven 
leagues  from  Langres,  department  of  Haute- 
Marne,  France.  They  are  thermal  and  saline, 
and  have  been  long  celebrated.  Temperature 
from  10(5°  to  ]33J  Fahrenheit.  The  Factitious 
water,  (F.)  Enu  de  BourbonnelesBains,  Aqua 
Borvonen'sis,  is  composed  of  water,  containing 


BOURBOULE 


111 


BRADYMASES1S 


twice  its  bulk  of  carbonic  acid,  f.  5xx~s;  chloride 
vf  sodium,  f  'Z],  chloride  of  calcium,  or.  x.  &.o. 

BOURBOULE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
A   village   near   Mont  d'Or,   where    there   are 
two  thermal  saline  springs. 
BOURDAINE,  Rhamnus  frangula. 

BOURDOKKEMEA'T,  (F.)  Bruisscmcnt, 
Murmur,  Susurrus.  A  sensation  of  buzzing  or 
humming  in  the  ear,  which  may  be  either°de- 
pendent  on  some  modified  condition  of  the  ear 
itself,  or  may  be  seated  in  the  brain. 

BOURDONNET,  PuloU'lus.  A  term  used  in 
French  surgery  for  charpie  rolled  into  a  small 
mass  of  an  olive  shape,  and  which  is  used  for 
plugging  wounds,  absorbing  the  discharge,  and 
preventing  the  union  of  their  edges.  In  cases 
of  deep  and  penetrating  wounds,  as  of  the  abdo- 
men or  chest,  a  thread  is  attached  to  them  by 
which  they  may  be  readily  withdrawn,  and  be 
prevented  from  passing  altogether  into  those 
cavities. — J.  Cloquet. 

BOURGtNE,  Rhamnus  fran?u]a. 

BOURGEON,  Granulation,  Papula— b.  Char- 
nu,  Granulation. 

BOURGEONS,  Gutta  rosea. 

BOURRACHE,  Borago  officinalis*. 

BOURRELET,  (F.)  A  Pad,  a  Border.  A 
fibrocartilaginous  border,  whicli  surrounds  cer- 
tain articular  cavities,  such  as  the  glenoid  ca- 
vity of  the  scapula  and  the  acetabulum;  and 
by  which  the  depth  of  those  cavities  is  aug- 
mented. 

BOURRELET  ROULE,  Cornu  ammonis. 

BOURSES,  LES,  Scrotum. 

BOURSOUFLURE,  Puffiness. 

BOUTOK,  Papula— b.  d'Alep,  see  Anthrax— 
b.  Ma  I  in,  see  Anthrax — b.d'Or,  Ranunculus  acris. 

BOUTOjYNIERE,  (F.);  Fissu'ra,  Incis'io.  A 
small  incision  made  in  the  urethra  to  extract  a 
calculus  from  the  canal,  when  it  is  too  large  to 
be  discharged. 

Also,  a  small  incision  or  puncture,  made  in 
the  peritoneum,  or  above  the  pubis,  to  pene- 
trate the  bladder  in  certain  cases  of  retention 
of  urine. 

BOVILLiE,  Rubeola. 

BOVISTA.  Lycoperdon. 

BOWMAN'S  ROOT,  Euphorbia  corollata, 
Gillenia  trifoliata,  Leptandria  purpurea. 

BOXBERRY,  Gaultheria. 

BOX.  MOUNTAliN,  Arbutus  uva  ursi. 

BOX  TREE,  Buxus,  Cornus  Florida. 

BOXWOOD,  Cornus  Florida. 

BOYAU,  Intestine. 

BRABYLON,  Prunum  Damascenum. 

BRACHERIOLUM,  Truss. 

BRACHER1UM,  Truss. 

BRACHIvEUS,  Brachial— b.  Internus,  Bra- 
chialis  anterior. 

BRA'CHIAL,  Brachia'lis,  Brachis/us,  from 
Brachium, '  the  arm.'     What  belongs  to  the  arm. 

Brachial  Aponeurosis.  An  aponeurosis, 
formed  particularly  by  expansions  of  the  ten- 
dons of  the  latissimus  dorsi,  pectoralis  major, 
and  deltoides  muscles,  and  which  completely 
envelops  the  muscles  of  the  arm. 

Brachial  Arterv,  Artt'ria  brachia'lis,  Hu'- 
meral  Artery,  (F.)  Artere  ou  Tronc  brachial.  The 
artery,  which  extends  from  the  axilla  to  the 
bend  of  the  elbow;  where  it  divides  into  A 
cubitalis  and  A.  radialis.  It  passes  along  the 
internal  edge  of  the  biceps,  behind  the  median 
nerve  and  between  the   accompanying  veins. 


Under  the  name  Brachial  Artery,  M  Cliaussier 
includes  the  subclavian,  axillary,  and  humeral; 
the  last  being  the  brachial  proper. 

Brachial  Muscle,  Antf.rior,j1/ms'cm/ws  Bra- 
chia'lis Ante'rior,  Brachia'lis  internus.  Brachial - 
us,  Brachial' us  internus,  (F.)  Muscle  brachial  in- 
terne, Humero  cubital — (Ch.)  This  muscle  i3 
situate  at  the  anterior  and  inferior  part  of  the 
arm,  and  before  the  elbow-joint.  It  arises, 
fleshy,  from  the  middle  of  the  os  humeri;  and 
is  inserted  into  the  coronoid  process  of  the  ulna. 
Use.     To  bend  the  forearm. 

Brachial  Plexus,  Plexus  Brachia'lis,  is  a 
nervous  plexus,  formed  by  the  interlacing  of 
the  anterior  branches  of  the  four  last  cervical  , 
pairs  and  the  first  dorsal.  It  is  deeply  seated 
in  the  hollow  of  the  axilla,  and  extends  as  far 
as  the  inferior  and  lateral  part  of  the  neck.  It 
gives  off  the  thoracic  nerves,  supra  and  infra 
scapular,  and  the  brachial  (which  are  six  in 
number,)  the  axillary,  cutaneous,  musculo -cuta- 
neous, radial,  cubital,  and  median. 

Brachial  Veins  are  two  in  number,  and  ac- 
company the  artery,  frequently  anastomosing 
with  each  other:  they  terminate  in  the  axillary. 
Under  the  term  Brachial  Vein,  Chaussier  in- 
cludes the  humeral,  axillary,  and  subclavian. 
BRACH1ALE,  Carpus. 
BRACH1ALIS  EXTERNUS.  See  Triceps 
extensor  cubiti. 

BRACHIO  CU'BITAL,  Brachio-cubita'lis. 
That  which  belongs  both  to  the  arm  and  cubi- 
tus. This  name  has  been  given  to  the  internal 
lateral  ligament  at  the  elbow-joint;  because  it 
is  attached  to  the  os  brachii  or  os  humeri  and 
to  the  cubitus  or  ulna. 

Brachio-Radial,  Brachio-radia'lis.  That 
which  belongs  to  the  brachium  and  radius. 
This  name  has  been  applied  to  the  external 
lateral  ligament  of  the  elbow-joint,  because  it 
is  attached  to  the  humerus  and  to  the  radius. 
See  Supinator  Radii  longus. 

BRACHIUM,  Lacer'lus,  (F.)  Bras,  the  arm. 
The  arm  from  the  shoulder  to  the  wrist,  or  the 
part  between  the  shoulder  and  elbow.  See 
Humeri,  Os. 

Brachium  Movens  Quartus,  Latissimus 
dorsi. 

BRACHUNA,  Nymphomania,  Satyriasis. 
BRACHYAU'CHEN,  from  §e,aXvg,  'short,' 
and  avXr\v,  'neck.'  One  who  has  a  short  neck. 
BRACHYCHRO'NIUS, from  feaXv<;, 'short,' 
and  xQov0$i  'time.'  That  which  continues  but 
a  short  time.  A  term  applied  to  diseases  which 
are  of  short  duration.— Galen. 

BRACHYGNA'THUS,  from  fe<tXv?,  'short,' 
and  yva&ug,  the  '  under  jaw.'     A  monster  with 
too  short  an  under  jaw. — Gurlt. 
BRACHYNSIS,  Abbreviation. 
BRACHYPNCEA:  Dyspnoea. 
BRACHYP'OTl,  from  pgaXv?,  '  short,'  and 
nori;g,  '  drinker.'     They  who    drink   little,  or 
who  drink  rarely.     Hippoc,  Galen,  Foesius. 

BRACHYRHYN'CHUS:  from PQo.Xvg,' short,' 
and  Qvypcog, '  snout.'  A  monster  with  too  short 
a  nose. 

BRACHYSMOS,  Abbreviation. 
BRACING,  Corroborant. 
BRADYiESTHE'SIA,  from   ftqaSvg,  'diffi- 
cult,' and  aiod^oig,  'sensation.'     Impaired  sen- 
sation. 

BRADYCOIA,  Baryecoia. 
BRADYMASE'SIS,    Bradijmasse'sis,    from 


BRADTPEPSIA 


112 


BREATH 


PqoSvs,  'difficult,'  and  /uuor^ig,  'mastication.' 
Difficult  mastication.    See  Dysmasesis. 

BRADYPEP'SIA,  Tarda  cibo'rum  concoc'tio, 
from  ppuSvg,  'slow.'  and  Twnw,  'I  digest.' 
Slow  digestion. — Galen.     See  Dyspepsia. 

BRADYSPERMATIS'MUS,  from  Pq*8v?, 
'slow,'  and  aneqiia,  '  sperm.'  A  slow  emission 
of  sperm. 

BRADYSU'RIA,  Tmcs'mus  vcsi'cm,  (F.)  T6- 
nesme  vesica/,  from  finudv?,  '  difficult,'  and  ougetv, 
'  to  pass  the  urine.'  Painful  evacuation  of  the 
urine,  with  perpetual  desire  to  void  it.  Dysuria 
(q.v.) 

BRAG'GET,  Braggart,  Bragicort.  A  name 
formerly  applied  to  a  tisan  of  honey  and  water. 
See  Hydromeli. 

BRAI,  LIQUIDE,  see  Pinus  sylvestris— b. 
Sec,  Colophonia. 

BRAIN,  Cerebrum— b.  Little,  Cerebellum. 

BRAINE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Braine 
is  a  small  village,  three  leagues  from  Soissons, 
France,  which  has  purgative  waters  similar  to 
those  of  Passy. 

BRAKE,  COMMON,  Pterisaquilina— b.Rock, 
Polypodium  vulgare — b.  Root,  Polypodium  vul- 
gare. 

BRAMBLE,  AMERICAN  HAIRY,  see  Ru- 
bus  fruticosus — b.  Common,  Rubus  fruticosus. 

BRAN,  Furfur. 

BRANCURSIKE  BATARDE,  Heracleum 
spondylium. 

BRANCA  URSINA,  Acanthus  mollis— b. 
Germanica,  Heracleum  spondylium. 

BRANCH,  from  (F.)  Branchc,  originally 
probably  from  ^Qa^iur,  'an  arm,'(?)  because 
branches  of  trees,  &c,  go  off  like  arms.  A  term 
applied,  generally,  to  the  principal  division  of 
an  artery  or  nerve.  The  word  is  commonly 
used  synonymously  with  Ramus:  but  often, 
with  the  French,  Blanche,  signifies  the  great 
division; — Ramcau,  Lat.  Ramus,  the  division  of 
the  branches;  and  Ramuscules,  Lat.  Ramusculi, 
tlie  divisions  of  these  last. 

The  French,  also,  speak  of  the  branches  of 
the  pubis,  for  the  Rami  of  that  bone,  branches  of 
the  ischium,  for  the  rami  of  the  ischium,  &c. 

BRANCHES  DE  LA  MOELLE  ALLON- 
GltE  (PETITES)  Corpora  restiformia. 

BRANCHI  or  BRANCHY.  Swellings  of 
the  tonsils,  or  parotid,  according  to  some; — of 
the  thyroid  gland,  according  to  others. 

BRANCHES,  (tgzyxos,  Rauce'do  (q.  v.)  A 
catarrhal  affection  of  tlie  mucous  membrane  of 
the  fauces,  trachea,  &c. — Galen. 

BRANCIA,  Vitrum. 

BRANDY.  (G.)  13  r  a  n  t  w  e  i  n,  Dutch, 
B  r  a  n  d  w  i  j  n,  'burnt  wine.'  Aqua  Vita:.  (F.) 
Eau  de  vie.  The  first  liquid  product  obtained 
by  distilling  wine.  It  is  composed  of  water, 
alcohol,  and  an  aromatic  oily  matter,  which 
gives  it  its  flavour.  Br.indy  is  a  powerful  and 
diffusible  stimulant,  and  as  such  is  used  in  me- 
dicine. It  has  been  also  called  Liquor  Aquilt'- 
gius.    See  Spirit. 

Brandy.  Apple,  see  Pyrus  malus. 

BRANKS,  Cynanche  parotidcea. 

BRA NKURS1NE,  Acanthus  mollis. 

BRAS,  Brachium — b.  du  Ctivtlet,  Corpora 
restiformia. 

BRASEGUR,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Brasegur  is  a  place  in  the  diocess  of  Rhodez, 
where  there  are  cathartic  waters. 

BRASEMA.  B.  Hydropeltis. 


Brase'nia  Hydropej.'tis,  Brase'nia,  Gelati- 
na  aquat'ica,  Frogleaf,  Little  Water  Lily,  Water 
Jelly,  Decrfood.  An  indigenous  plant,  Nut.  Ord. 
RanuncnJacese, Sex.  Syst.  Polyandria  Polygynia, 
flouiishing  from  Carolina  to  Kentucky  and 
Florida;  and  covering  the  surface  of  ponds, 
marshes,  &c.  The  fresh  leaves  are  mucilagi- 
nous, and  have  been  used  in  pulmonary  com- 
plaints, dysentery,  <&c,  like  cetraria. 

BRASH,  WATER,  Pyrosis. 

Brash,  Weaning,  Atrophia  Ablactato'rum. 
A  severe  form  of  diarrhoea,  which  supervenes 
at  times  on  weaning.  The  Maladie  de  Cruveil- 
hier  appears  to  be  a  similar  affection. 

BRASILETTO,  see  Causal pinia. 

BRASIUM,  Malt. 

BRASMOS,  Fermentation. 

BRASS,  Sax.  bpar,  Welsh,  pres.  Aurichal- 
cu/u,  Orichal'cum,JEsecavum,  Chrysochakos,  (F.) 
Airain.  A  yellow  metal,  formed  by  mixing  cop- 
per with  calamine.  The  same  remarks  apply 
to  it  as  to  copper.     See  Cuprum. 

BRAS'SICA,  CrarnbS,  xQaiiHtj.  Bras'sica  ole- 
ra'cea:  B.  capita'ta,  seu  cuma'na  of  the  old  Ro- 
mans. The  Cabbage.  (F.)  Chou  potager.  Fa- 
mily, Cruciferae.  Sex.  Syst.  Tetradynamia  Sili- 
quosa.  Cato  wrote  a  book  on  its  virtues.  It  is 
a  vegetable  by  no  means  easy  of  digestion 
when  boiled;  when  raw,  it  appears  to  be  more 
digestible.  When  forming  a  solid  globular 
mass,  like  a  head,  it  is  the  B.  Capita'ta,  (F.) 
Chou-  Cabas,  Chou  Pommel. 

Brassica  Canina,  Mercurialis  perennis.       • 

Bras'sica  Eru'ca,  Eru'ca,  Garden  Rocket, 
Roman  Rocket,  &c.  (F.)  Chou  Roquette,  Ro- 
quette.  This  was  considered,  by  the  Romans, 
an  aphrodisiac, — Columella.  The  seeds  were 
ordinarily  used. 

Bras'sica  Flor'ida, — Bras'sica  Pompeia'na 
of  the  ancients — the  Cauliflower,  Caul  is  Flo- 
rida, (F.)  Chou-fleur  is  a  more  tender  and  diges- 
tible variety. 

The  Broc'coli,  B.  Sabcl'Lica  of  the  Romans, 
B.  Ital'ica,  belongs  to  this  variety. 

Brassica  Marina, Convolvulus  soldanella — 
b.  Pompeiana,  Brassica  Florida. 

Bras'sica  Napus,  Napus  Sylves'tris  or 
Bu'nias,  Rape,  (F.)  Navette.  The  seed  yields 
a  quantity  of  oil. 

Brassica  Niora,  Sinapis  nigra. 

Bras'sica  Rapa,  Rapa  rotun'da,  Rapum  ma- 
jus,  Rapa  napus,  the  Turnip.  (F.)  Chou  navet, 
JYavct,  Rave.  The  turnip  is  liable  to  the  same 
objection  (but  to  a  less  extent)  as  the  cabbage. 

BRATHU,  Juniperus  sabiria. 

BRATHYS,  Juniperus  sabina. 

BRAYER,  Truss. 

BRAYERA  ANTHELMIN'TIOA.  An  Abys- 
sinian plant,  of  the  Family  Rosacea?.  Sex.  Syst. 
Icosandria  Digynia.  The  flowers  have  been 
higlhly  extolled  as  an  anthelmintic,  especially  in 
cases  of  tapeworm.    They  are  given  in  decoction. 

BRAZIL  WOOD,  Caesalpinia  echinata. 

BREAD,  see  Triticum— b.  Household,  Syn- 
comistos. 

BREAD-FRUIT  TREE,  Artocarpus. 

BREAST,  Thorax,  Mamma— b.  Abscess  of 
the,  Mas  tody  nia  apotslemutosa. 

BREAST-PANG,  SUFFOCATIVE,  Angina 
pectoris 

BREATH,  Sax.  bpafce,  Hal'itns,  Anhel'itus, 
An'imus,  Spi/itus,  Al'mos.  (F.)  Haleine.  The 
air  expelletLirorn  the  chest,  at  each  expiration. 


BREATH  OFFENSIVE 


113 


BROMELIA  PINGUIN 


It  requires  to  be  studied  in  the  diagnosis  of  tho-  ] 
racic  diseases  especially. 

Breath,  Offensive;  Fator  Oris.  An  offen- 
sive condition,  which  is  usually  dependent  upon 
carious  teeth,  or  some  faulty  state  of  the  secre- 
tions of  the  air  passages.  The  internal  use  of 
the  chlorides  may  be  advantageous. 

Breath,  Short,  Dyspnoea. 

BREATHING, DIFFICULTY  OF,  Dyspncea. 

BRECHET,  (F.)  The  Brisket.  This  name 
is  given  in  some  parts  of  France  to  the  carti- 
lagu  ensiformis,  and  sometimes  to  the  sternum 
itself. 

BR/ZDISSURE,  (F.)  Trismus  Capistra'tus. 
Incapacity  of  opening  the  mouth,  in  conse- 
quence of  preternatural  adhesion  between  the 
internal  part  of  the  cheek,  and  gums;  often  oc- 
casioned by  the  abuse  of  mercury. 

BREDOU1LLEMEJYT,  (F.)  Tituban'tia.  A 
precipitate  and  indistinct  mode  of  utterance,  in 
which  a  part  only  of  the  words  is  pronounced, 
and  several  of  the  syllables  viciously  changed. 
This  defect  is  analogous  to  stuttering,  but  dif- 
fers from  it  in  being  dependent  on  too  great  ra- 
pidity of  speech;  whilst  stuttering  is  charac- 
terized by  continual  hesitation,  and  frequent  re- 
petition of  the  same  syllables. 

BREGMA,  from  poi^iw,  'to  sprinkle;'  Fan- 
tanclt'a,  (q.  v.)  Sin'ciput  (q  v.)  The  top  of  the 
head  was  thus  called,  because  it  was  believed 
to  be  humid  in  infants;  and,  according  to  some, 
because  it  was  conceived  to  correspond  to  the 
most  humid  part  of  the  brain. 

BRENNLNG.  Burnino-. 

BREPHOCTONON.  Conyza  squarrosa. 

BRJiSlLLET,  Caesalpinia  sappan. 

BRE'VIA  VASA,  Short  Vessels.  This  name 
has  been  given  to  several  branches  of  the 
splenic  arteries  and  veins,  which  are  distribu- 
ted to  the  oreat  cul-de-sac  of  the  stomach. 

BREVIS  CUB1TI.     See  Anconeus. 

BRIER,  WILD,  Rosacanina. 

BRICK,  (F.)  Brique.  Hot  bricks  are  some- 
times used  to  apply  heat  to  a  part,  as  to  the  ab- 
domen in  colic,  or  after  the  operation  for  popli- 
teal aneurism;  or,  reduced  to  very  fine  powder, 
and  mixed  with  fat,  as  an  application  to  herpe- 
tic and  psoric  affections. 

Bricks,  Fornu'cex  Testae  or  Tiles,  were  for- 
merly bruised  in  vinegar,  and  the  liquid  was 
used  as  a  specific  in  cutaneous  affections.  They 
entered,  also,  into  a  cerate  used  for  scrofulous 
humours,  &-c.  To  the  Terra  Forna'cum,  or 
Brick  earth,  the  same  virtues  were  assigned. 

BRICUMUM,  Artemisia. 

BRIDE,  (F.)  A  bridle.  Frenulum,  Retinad- 
uluvi.  This  term  is  given,  in  the  plural,  to 
membranous  filaments,  which  are  found  within 
abscesses  or  deep-seated  wounds,  and  which 
prevent  the  exit  of  pus.  The  term  is,  also,  ap- 
plied to  preternatural  adhesions,  which  occur 
in  cicatrices  in  the  skin,  in  the  urethra,  or  in 
inflamed  serous  or  synovial  membranes. 

BRIGHTS  DISEASE  OF  THE  KIDNEY, 
see  Kidney,  Bright's  disease  of  the. 

BRIGHTON,  CLIMATE  OF.  The  air  of 
this  fashionable  watering  place,  on  the  soutli 
coast  of  England,  is  dry,  elastic,  and  bracing. 
According  to  Sir  James  Clarke,  its  climate  ap- 
peal's to  The  jrreatest  advantage  in  the  autumn 
and  early  part  of  the  winter;  when  it  is  some- 
what milder  and  more  steady  than  that  of  Has- 
tings.    Accordingly,  it  is  adapted  for  all  cases 


in  which  a  dry  and  mild  air  at  this  season  of 
the  year  proves  beneficial.  In  the  sprincr 
months,  owing  to  the  prevalence  of,  and  its 
exposure  to,  north-east  winds,  the  climate  is 
cold,  harsh,  and  exciting  to  the  delicate.  It  is 
well  adapted  for  convalescents,  and  for  all  who 
require  a  dry  and  bracing  sea  air. 

BRIMSTONE,  Sulphur. 

BRINE,  Muria. 

BRINTON   ROOT,  Leptandria  purpurea. 

BRION,  Corallina. 

BRIQUE,  Brick. 

BRIQUEBEC,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
This  town  is  three  leagues  from  Cherbourg,  in 
France.     The  water  contains  chloride  of  iron. 

BRISE-PIERRE  ARTICULE,  (F.)  An  in- 
strument invented  by  Jacobson  for  crushing 
the  stone  in  the  bladder. 

BRISTOL  HOT  WELL,  Bristoli.cn' sis  Aqua. 
Bristol  is  about  thirteen  miles  from  Bath,  in 
England.  The  water  is  an  almost  pure  ther- 
mal; slightly  acidulated.  It  contains  chlorides 
of  magnesium  and  sodium,  sulphate  of  soda, 
sulphate  of  lime,  carbonate  of  lime,  carbonic 
acid,  oxygen  and  azote.  Temperature,  74° 
Fah.  The  Hot  Well  has  been  long  celebrated. 
Its  action  is  like  that  of  the  thermal  waters  in 
general.  The  climate  of  Bristol  is  mild,  and 
hence  the  water  has  been  celebrated  for  the 
cure  of  incipient  pulmonary  consumption.  See 
Clifton. 

BRIZOCERAS,  Ergot. 

BROAD,  Sax.  bpah,  Lalus,  (F.)  Large.  Any 
body  is  so  termed  whose  transverse  extent  is 
considerable  compared  with  its  length.  The 
Broad  Bones,  such  as  the  frontal,  parietal,  occi- 
pital, iliac,  aid  in  forming  the  parietes  of 
splanchnic  cavities.  Broad  Muscles  oenerally 
occupy  the  parietes  of  cavities,  and  especially 
those  of  the  chest  and  abdomen.  The  epithet 
has  also  been  applied  to  other  parts — as  to  the 
broad  ligaments  of  the  womb,  &c. 

BROCCOLI,  Brassica  sabellica. 

BROCHOS,  [Soo/os,  Luqueus,  (q.  v.)  A  ban- 
dage. 

BROCH'THUS,  poo/Soc,  Gala.  The  throat. 
Also,  a  kind  of  small  drinking  vessel. — Hippocr. 

BROCHUS,  (Sqoxo?.  This  name  has  been 
given  to  one  who  has  a  very  prominent  upper 
lip. — Caslelli.  According  to  others,  it  means 
one  whose  teeth  project  in  front  of  the  mouth. 

BRO'DIUM.  A  synonym  of  Jus  or  Jus'cu- 
lum.  Broth,  or  the  liquor  in  which  any  thing 
is  boiled.     Bro'diurn  sa/is — a  decoction  of  salt. 

BROIEMENT.  see  Cataract. 

BROKEN-WINDEDNESS,  Asthma. 

BROMA,  Aliment. 

BROMATOG'RAPHY,  Bromatograph'ia,  from 
flou'ita,  'food,'  and  YQafyh  <a  description.'  Bro- 
mog'raphy.     A  description  of  aliments. 

BROMATOL'OGY,  Bromalolog"ia,  Sitiol'- 
ogy,  from  (lochia,  'food,'  and  koyug,  'a  discourse.' 
A  treatise  on  food. 

BROME,  Bromine. 

BROME'LIA  ANA'NAS,  called  after  Olaus 
Bromel,  a  Swede.  Ca/duus  BraziHa'niis,  Ana'- 
nas  acostse  ova'tx  seu  aculea'tus,  Anas'ui,  Capa- 
Isiak'ka,  Jlna'nas,  or  Bine,  Jipple.  A  West  In- 
dia tree,  which  produces  the  most  delicious  of 
fruits. 

Bromf/lia  Pinguin,  Ana'nas  America'na, 
Einguin,  Broad-leaved  wild  Jlna'nas,  &c.  The 
West  India  plant,  which  affords  tho  Pinguin 


BROxMJDE  OF  IRON 


114 


BRONCHOCELE 


fruit.  The  fruit  is  refrigerant,  and  the  juice, 
when  ripe,  very  austere.  It  te  used  to  acidu- 
late punch.  A  wine  is  made  from  the  Pinguin, 
which  is  very  intoxicating,  and  has  a  good  fla- 
vour. 

BROMIDE  OF  IRON,  see  Bromine— b.  of 
Mercury,  see  Bromine — b.  of  Potassium,  see 
Bromine. 

BROMINE,  Bro'minum,  Bromin'ium,  Brome. 
A  simple  body,  of  a  very  volatile  nature,  and 
highly  offensive  and  suffocating  odour,  whence 
its  name,  from  (Squhio?,  'a  stench.'  It  is  met 
with  chiefly  in  sea-water,  and  in  many  animal 
and  vegetable  bodies  that  live  therein.  It  has 
likewise  been  found  in  many  mineral  waters  of 
this  and  other  countries.  In  its  chemical  rela- 
tions, it  may  be  placed  between  chlorine  and 
iodine.  With  oxygen  it  forms  an  acid,  the 
Bromic,  and  with  hydrogen  another — the  Hy- 
drobromic. 

Pure  Bromine,  Bromide  of  Iron,  (dose  gr. 
i  or  ij)  and  Bromide  of  Potassium  or  Hydro- 
bromate  of  Potassa,  (dose  gr.  iv  to  viij  in  the 
day,)  have  been  used  medicinally,  and  chiefly 
in  scrofulosis,  internally,  as  well  as  applied  ex- 
ternally. Bromine  may  be  dissolved  in  forty 
parts  of  distilled  water,  and  six  drops  be  com- 
menced with  as  a  dose.  Bromides  of  Mercury 
(Hydrar'gyri  Bro'mida)  have  been  given  in 
syphilis.  The  protobromide  and  the  bibromidc 
are  analogous  in  composition  and  medicinal 
properties  to  the  corresponding  iodides  of  mer- 
cury. 

BROMINIUM;  Bromine. 

BROMINUM,  Bromine. 

BROMOS,  (totofiog.  One  of  the  cerealia,  sup- 
posed, by  some,  to  be  oats.     See  Avena. 

BROACHES,  Bronchia— b.  Ganglions  lym- 
phatiques  des,  Bronchial  elands. 

BRON'CHIA,  Bron'cliia:,  Bronchi,  from  /Sooy- 
;poj,  '  the  throat.'  The  Latins  used  the  term 
Bronchus,  for  the  whole  of  the  trachea;  whilst 
they  called  its  ramifications  Bronchia.  Bron- 
chia, Bronchix,  and  Bronchi,  (F  )  Bronches, 
now  mean  the  two  tubes,  with  their  ramifica- 
tions, which  arise  from  the  bifurcation  of  the 
trachea,  and  carry  air  into  the  lungs. 

Bronchia.  Dilatation  of  the.  Dilated 
Bronchia.  The  physical  signs  of  this  condition 
are  the  following: — Percussion  usually  clear, 
but  not  unfrequently  les3  so  than  natural,  al- 
though very  seldom  quite  dull.  Auscultation 
detects  coarse  mucous  or  gurgling  rhonchi,  in- 
creased by  the  cough,  combined  with,  or  re- 
placed by,  bronchial  or  cavernous  respiration, 
which  is  often  effected  as  if  by  a  sudden  puff  or 
whiff*.  The  resonance  of  the  voice  is  increased, 
but  it  seldom  amounts  to  perfect  pectoriloquy. 
The  most  common  situations  for  dilated  bron- 
chia are  the  scapular,  mammary,  or  lateral  re- 
gions. They  are  almost  always  confined  to  one 
side. 

Bronchia,  Obliteration,  or  Compression 
of  the.  The  inspiratory  murmur  on  auscul- 
tation is  weaker  or  wholly  suppressed  over  a 
limited  portion  of  the  chest;  the  expiration  is 
generally  more  distinct  and  prolonged:  all  the 
other  conditions  are  natural. 

BRON'CHIALorBRONCHIC.  That  which 
relates  to  the  bronchia. 

Bron'chial  Arteries,  (F.)  Arteres  Bron- 
chiques.  These  are  generally  two  in  number, 
one  going  to  each  lung.    They  arise  from  the 


thoracic  aorta,  and  accompany  the  bronchia  in 
all  their  ramifications. 

Bron'chial  Cklls,  (F.)  Cellules  bronchiquts. 
The  Air-cells;  the  terminations  of  the  bronchia. 

Bronchial  Cough,  (F.)  Toux  broiuhique, 
T.  tubaire.  This  generally  accompanies  bron- 
chial respiration.  They  both  indicate  obstruc- 
tion to  the  entrance  of  air  into  the  air-cells. 

Bron'chial  Glands.  (F.)  Glandes  bron- 
chiqucs  ou  Ganglions  lymphatiques  des  bronches, 
are  numerous  glands  of  an  ovoid  shape;  of  a 
reddish  hue  in  the  infant,  and  subsequently 
brown  and  black,  seated  in  the  course  of  the 
bronchia.  Their  functions  are  unknown.  The 
Bronchial  glands  may  be  presumed  to  be  af- 
fected by  scrofulosis,  when,  in  addition  to  the 
existence  of  tumours  in  the  neck,  percussion 
gives  a  dull  sound  under  the  upper  and  central 
part  of  the  sternum,  whilst  there  is  no  appre- 
ciable lesion  of  the  lungs. 

Bron'chial  Nerves,  (F.)  Nerfs  Bronchiquts, 
are  furnished  by  the  two  pulmonary  plexuses. 

Bronchial  Phthisis,  see  Phthisis  bronchial 
— b.  Respiration,  see  Murmur,  Respiratory 

Bron'chial  Veins,  arise  from  the  last  divi- 
sions of  the  arteries  of  the  same  name,  and  pass, 
on  the  right  side,  into  the  vena  azygos;  on  the 
left,  into  the  superior  intercostal. 

BRONCHIC,  Bronchial. 

BRONCHIECTASIS,  Dilata'tio  bronchio'rum, 
from  ftpoy/og,  '  a  bronchus,'  and  sxranig,  'dilata- 
tion.' Dilatation  of  one  or  more  bronchial  tubes. 

BROJYCHITE  CONVULSIVE,  Pertussis. 

BRONCHI'TIS,  Inflamma'tio  bronchio'rum, 
Calarrhns  Pulmo'num,  C.  bronchiorum,  Pleu- 
ri'tis  hu'mida,  P.  bronchia'lis,  Bronchos' tasis, 
Pul'monary  Catarrh,  Angi'na  bronchialis.  (F.) 
Inflammation  des  Bronches.  Inflammation  of 
the  lining  membrane  of  the  bronchial  lubes. 
This  is  always  more  or  less  present  in  cases  of 
pulmonary  catarrh ;  and  is  accompanied  by 
cough,  mucous  expectoration,  dyspnoea,  and 
more  or  less  uneasiness  in  breathing.  The  acute 
form  is  accompanied  with  all  the  signs  of  inter- 
nal inflammation,  and  requires  the  employment 
of  antiphlogistics  followed  by  revulsives.  The 
chronic  form,  Tussis  scni'lis,  Calar'rhus  seni'lis, 
Rheuma  catarrha'le,  Peripneumo'nia  notha  (q. 
v.)  Bronchorrhce'a  acu'ta,  Winter  cough,  Chronic 
Catarrh,  may  be  confounded  with  phthisis; 
from  which  it  must  be  distinguished  mainly 
by  the  absence  of  hectic  fever  and  of  the  phy- 
sical signs  that  are  characteristic  of  the  latter, 
as  well  as  by  the  nature  of  the  expectoration, 
which  is  generally  mucous,  although  at  times 
muco-purulent.  When  the  expectoration  is 
little  or  none,  the  bronchitis  is  said  to  be  dry, 
dry  catarrh,  (F.)  Catarrhe  Sec. 

Bronchitis,  Catarrh — b.  Aslhenica,  Perip- 
neumonia notha — b.  Membranacea,  Polypus 
bronchialis — b.  Plastic,  Polypus  bronchialis— 
b.  Pseudomembranous,  Polypus  bronchialis — 
b.  Summer,  Fever,  hay. 

BRONCHIUS,  Sterno-thyroideus. 

BRONOHLEMMITIS,  Polypus  bronchialis. 

BRONCHOCE'LE,  from  /Vx/o?,  <a  bron- 
chus,'  and  xijhj, '  tumour.'  An  inaccurate  name 
for  the  affection  which  is  called,  also,  Bo'chium, 
Botium,  Hernia  gut'turis,  Gultur  tu'midum, 
Trachelophy'ma,  Hernia  gutlnra'lis,  Thyroce'li, 
Thyrcoce'le,  Thyremphraxis,  Thyreon'cus,  Thy- 
ron'cus,  Deironcus,  Deron'cus,  Thyrophrax'ia, 
Gossum,  Exechebron'chus,   Gongro'na,  Struma, 


BRONCHOPHONY 


115  BRUIT  IIYDROPNEUMATIQUE 


liocium,  Hernia  bronchia'lis,  Trache/nce'lg,  &c, 
the  Derbyshire  neck,  Swelled  neck,  Wen,  Goitre, 
&c.  (F.)  Goitre,  Gouelre,  Hypertrophic  du  Corps 
Tlnjru'ide,  Grossc  Gorge,  Gros  Cou.  This  is  no 
rupture,  but  consists  of  an  enlargement  of  the 
thyroid  gland.  It  is  common  at  the  base  of 
lofty  mountains  in  every  part  of  the  world;  and 
has  been  supposed  to  be  owing  to  the  drinking 
of  snow-water,  but  it  occurs  where  there  is  no 
snow.  The  tumour  is  sometimes  very  exten- 
sive. Jodine  has  great  power  over  it,  and  will 
generally  occasion  its  absorption,  when  the  case 
has  not  been  of  such  duration  as  to  have  ended 
in  a  cartilaginous  condition. 

BRONCHOPHONY,  Resonance. 

BRONCHOPLAS'TIC,  Bronchoplas'ticus;  from 
PQ0YX0?> '  a  bronchus,'  and  -nlaaaw, '  I  form.'  An 
epithet  given  to  the  operation  for  closing  fis- 
tula? in  the  trachea. 

BRONCHOPNEUMONIA,  from  /Spoy^o?,  'a 
bronchus,'  and  Pneumonia.  Inflammation  of 
the  bronchia  and  lungs. 

BRONCHORRHCE'A,  (F.)  Bronchorrlde, 
Catarrhe  pituiteux,  Phiegmorrhagie  pulmonaire, 
Flux  bronchique,  from  fipoyxoc,  '  bronchus,'  and 
fcio,  'I  flow.'  An  increased  secretion  of  mucus 
from  the  air  passages,  accompanied  or  not  by 
inflammation: — a  gleet  (q.  v.)  as  it  were,  of  the 
pulmonary  mucous  membrane. 

Bronchoriihcea  Acuta,  Bronchitis  (chronic.^ 

BRONCHOSTASIS,  Bronchitis. 

BROJYCHOTOME,  Broncho? omus,  from 
PQ0YX0S  ana"  TSfive*v,  'to  cut.'  A  kind  of  lancet, 
with  a  blunt  and  rounded  point,  mounted  on  a 
handle,  and  fitted  to  a  canula,  which  passes  in 
along  with  it,  and  is  allowed  to  remain  in  the 
opening  made  in  the  trachea.  The  instrument 
is  not  much  used. 

BRONCHOT'OMY,  Bronchotom'ia,  (F.)  Bron- 
chotomie.  Same  etymology.  A  surgical  ope- 
ration, which  consists  in  making  an  opening 
either  into  the  trachea,  (Trarlteot'omy:)  into  the 
larynx,  (Laryngot'omy:)  or  into  both,  (Tracheo- 
laryngot'omy,)  to  extract  foreign  bodies  or  to 
permit  the  passage  of  air  to  the  lungs.  These 
different  parts  are  divided  transversely  or  ver- 
tically, according  to  circumstances. 

BRONCHUS,  Trachea. 

BROOKLIME,  Veronica  beccabunga. 

BROOM,  Sophora  tincloria,  Spartium  scopa- 
rium — b.  Butcher's,  Ruscus — b.  Clover,  So- 
phora tinctoria — b.  Indigo,  Sophora  tinctoria — 
b.  Rape,  of  Virginia,  Orobanche  Virginiana — 
b.  Spanish,  Spartium  junecum— b.  Yellow,  So- 
phora tinctoria. 

BROSSARDIERE,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  Brossardiere  is  a  chateau  in  Bas-Poitou, 
France.  The  waters  contain  carbonates  of  iron 
and  lime,  chloride  of  sodium,  and  sulphate  of 
lime.     They  are  aperient. 

BROSSE,  Brush. 

BROUILLARD,  Caligo. 

BROUSSAIST.  One  who  is  a  believer  in, 
and  professor  of,  the  physiological  and  patholo- 
gical opinions  of  Broussais.  The  system  itself  is 
called  BaooasAiSM  or  the  Physiological  Doctrine. 

BROW,  Front. 

Brow-Agije,  Neuralgia  frontalis. 

BROWN  RED,  Coloothar. 

BROWN'IAN,  BROWNO'NIAN,  orBRU- 
NO'NIA  N.  Relating  to  the  system  or  opinions 
of  John  Brown. 


BROWN1SM,  BRU'NONISM,  orBRUNO'- 
N  IAN  ISM.     The  doctrines  of  Brown. 

BROWNIST,  BROWNO'NIAN,  or  BRU- 
NO'NIAN.     A  follower  of  the  system  of  Brown. 

BRU'CEA  ANTI-DYSENTER'ICA.  Called 
after  Bruce,  the  Abyssinian  traveller.  B.  fer- 
rugin'ea,  Angustu'ra  spuria,  (F.)  Fausse  Angus- 
lure,  A.  Ferrugineuse.  The  systematic  name  of 
the  plant,  whence  is  obtained  the  false  Angus- 
tura  Bark.     It  affords  Brucia. 

BRUCIA,  Brucine. 

BRUCINE,BRU'CIA,BRUCI'NA,  Vom'icine. 
An  organic,  salifiable  base,  discovered  in  the 
false  Angustura — Brucea  anti-dysenterica,  and 
obtained  from  Strychnos  nux  vomica.  It  is  of  a 
pearly  white;  crystallized  in  oblique  prisms 
with  a  parallelogrammatic  base;  very  bitter, 
slightly  acrid  and  styptic,  and  soluble  in  water, 
but  more  so  in  alcohol.  Brucia  is  a  less  active 
poison  than  strychnia.  It  resembles  it,  how- 
ever, and  may  be  used  as 'a  substitute  for  it  and 
for  the  extractof  nux  vomica.  Hose,  half  a  grain. 

BRUCKENAU,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
These  springs  are  in  Bavaria,  and  contain  car- 
bonic acid  and  iron. 

BRUCOURT,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Brucourt  is  three  leagues  and  a  half  from  Caen 
in  Normandy.  The  waters  contain  carbonic 
acid,  chloride  of  sodium,  and  sulphate  of  soda, 
much  sulphate  of  lime,  &.c. 

BRUISE,  Contusion. 

BRUISE  WORT,  Bellis  Saponaria. 

BRUISSEMENT,  (F.)  Frcrn'itus.  This  word 
has  much  the  same  signification  as  Bourdonne- 
ment,  (q.  v.)  as  well  as  Bruit. 

BRUIT,  (F.)  '  Sound.'  A  term  applied  to 
various  sounds  heard  on  percussion  and  auscul- 
tation, viz. 

BRUIT  DE  CRAQUEMENT,B.  de  Yiraille- 
ment,  Bruit  de  cuir  neuf,  'sound  of  crackling, 
or  bursting,  or  of  new  leather.'  A  sound  pro- 
duced by  the  friction  of  the  pericardium,  when 
dried  and  rouo-hened  by  inflammation. 

BRUIT  DUCCEUR  F(ETAL,Battcmens  dou- 
bles; Double  bruit  du  Caeur  du  Fatus.  The  pul- 
sations of  the  foetal  heart  heard  in  auscultation 
in  the  latter  half  of  utero-gestation. 

BRUIT  DE  CUIR  NEUF,  Bruit  de  craque- 
ment. 

BRUIT  DE  DIABLE,  Ronflement  de  Diable, 
Bruit  de  souffle  a  double  covrunt,  '  noise  of  the 
diable  or  humming-top.'  Venous  Hum.  A  high 
degree  of  Bruit  de  soufflcl,  heard  on  auscul- 
tating the  arteries.  It  denotes  an  impoverished 
state  of  the  blood. 

BRUIT  DOUBLE  DU  CCEUR  DU  FCETUS, 
Bruit  du  Cceur  fatal — 0.  de  Frolcmcnt,  see  Frole- 
merit. 

BRUIT  DE  FROTTEMENT  ASCENDANT 
ET  DESCENDANT,  '  Sound  of  friction  of  as- 
cent and  descent.'  Sounds  produced  by  the 
rubbing  of  the  lung  against  the  parietes  of  the 
chest,  as  it  rises  and  falls  during  inspiration 
and  expiration.  It  is  distinctly  heard  in  pleu- 
ritis,  when  the  pleura  has  become  roughened 
by  the  disease.  Friction  sounds  or  To-and-fro 
sounds,  are  also  heard  in  pericarditis  and  pe- 
ritonitis. 

BRUITHUMORIQUE,B.Hydropneu7natique. 
The  sound  afforded  on  percussion  when  organs 
are  filled  with  liquid  and  air. 

BRUIT  H  YDR  OPNE  UMA  Tl  Q  UE,  Bruit  hu- 
morique. 


BRUIT  MUSCULAIRE 


11G 


BU" 


BRUIT MUSCULAIRE.  The  sound  accom- 
panying the  first  sound  of  the  heart,  referred  by 
some  to  muscular  contraction.  Called, also,  Bruit 
rotatoire,  in  consequence  of  its  having  been 
thought  to  resemble  the  rumbling  of  distant 
wheels. 

BRUIT  MUSICAL.  Sifflcment  module. 

BRUIT  DE  PARCHEMIN,  '  Parchment 
tone.'  A  sound  as  if  produced  by  two  sheets  of 
parchment  applied  to  each  other.  It  is  said  to 
be  produced  by  thickening  and  rigidity  of  the 
valves  of  the  heart. 

BRUIT  PLACEJVTAIRE,  B.  de  sovfflet  pla- 
cental™, B.  ul'erin.  Souffle  uterin,  Souffle  placen- 
lalre,  Placental  bellows'  sound,  Utero-placen'tal 
murmur,  Uterine  murmur.  The  bellows' sound 
heard  on  auscultating  over  the  site  of  the  pla- 
centa in  a  pregnant  female.  It  does  not  appear 
to  be  owing  to  the  placental  vessels:  but  to  the 
uterine  tumor  pressing  upon  the  large  vessels 
of  the  mother. 

BRUIT  DE  POT  F£Ll£; 'Sound  of  a  cracked 
vessel.'  This  sound  is  heard  on  percussion, 
when  a  cavern  in  the  lungs  is  filled  with  air, 
and  has  a  narrow  outlet. 

BRUIT  DE  RACLEMENT, '  Sound  of  scra- 
ping.' A  sound  produced  by  the  scraping  of 
hard,  solid  membranes,  as  the.  pericardium, 
against  each  other. 

BRUIT  DE  RJPE,  '  Sound  of  a  rasp.'  A 
sound  heard  during  the  contraction  of  either 
the  auricles  or  ventricles.  It  is  constant;  and 
the  contraction  of  the  cavity  is  more  prolonged 
than  natural,  and  emits  a  hard,  rough,  and — as 
it  were — stifled  sound. 

It  indicates  contraction  of  the  valvular  ori- 
fices, by  cartilaginous  deposites,  or  ossification, 
and  accompanies  the  contraction  of  the  auricles 
if  the  auriculo-ventricular  valves  be  concerned, 
— that  of  the  ventricles  if  the  semilunar  valves 
be  the  seat  of  the  disease. 

BRUIT  ROTATOIRE,  Bruit,  musculaire. 

BRUIT  DE  SCIE,  or  'saw-sound,'  and 
Bruit  de  lime  a  Bois,or  'file-sound,'  resemble 
the  Rruk  de.  Rape,  (q.  v.) 

BRUIT  DE  SOUFFLE  a  DOUBLE  COU- 
RANT,  Bruit  de  Diable. 

BRUIT  DE  SOUFFLET,  Bruit  de  Souffle, 
'  bellows'  sound,'  '  Blowing  sound.'  A  sound 
like  that  of  a  bellows,  heard  occasionally  by  the 
ear  applied  to  the  chest  during  the  contraction 
of  the  ventricles,  auricles,  or  large  arteries.  It 
coexists  with  affections  of  the  heart,  but  is 
heard,  also,  without  any  disease  in  (hat  organ, 
— whenever,  indeed,  an  artery  is  compressed. 
An  Encephalic  bellows'  sound,  has  been  described 
by  Dt.  Fisher,  of  Boston.  It  is  heard  on  apply- 
ing the  ear  to  the  occiput  or  to  the  top  of  the 
head;  and  is  considered  to  indicate  turgescence 
of  vessels,  or  inflammation.  When  such  tur- 
gescence exists,  the  vessels  are  compressed, 
and  the  compression  gives  rise  to  the  sound  in 
question. 

BRUIT  DE  SOUFFLET  PLACEJYTAIRE, 
Bruit  placentaire  —  b.  de  Tiraillement,  Bruit  de 
craquement, 

BRUIT  DE  TAFFETAS.  'Sound  of  Taf- 
feta.' '  Sarcenet  sound.'  A  respiratory  sound 
so  named  by  M.  Grisolle,  from  its  resembling 
the  sound  caused  by  the  tearing  of  a  piece  of 
taffeta;  and  which  he  considers  to  indicate 
hepatization  of  the  lung  limited  to  the  surface 
in  pneumonia. 


BRUIT TYMPANI QUE,  'Tympanic sound.' 
The  clear  sound  afforded  by  percussing  the 
stomach  and  intestines  when  containing  air. 

BRUIT  UTERW,  B.  placentaire. 

BRULURE,  Burn. 

BRUXELLE,  Prunella. 

BRQNNER'S  GLANDS,  Brunncri  Glanfi 
dulse,  Glnndulm  sollta'riae.  Muciparous  follicles 
of  a  small  size,  seated  between  the  mucous  and 
muscular  coats  of  the  stomach,  along  the  two 
curvatures  of  that  organ,  and  in  the  small  in- 
testines, especially  the  duodenum;  so  called 
from  their  discovery  having  generally  been  at- 
tributed to  Brunner. 

BRUNONIAN,  Brownian. 

BRUNON1ANISM,  Brownism. 

B RUN  US  Erysipelas. 

BRUSCUS,  Ruscus. 

BRUSrI,&n//u/a.  (F.)  Brosse.  A  well  known 
instrument,  used  in  medicine  chiefly  for  the 
following  purposes.  1.  To  clean  the  teeth. 
2.  To  remove  the  saw-dust,  which  adheres  to 
the  teeth  of  the  trephine,  during  the  operation 
of  trephining.  3.  To  rub  the  surface  of  the 
body,  for  the  purpose  of  exciting  the  skin,  and 
favouring  transpiration.  Westring,  a  Swedish 
physician,  has  recommended  metallic  brushes 
for  the  purpose  of  conveying  galvanism  to  a 
part.  These  brushes  consist  of  a  plate  of  ebony 
fitted  to  another  of  gold,  in  which  threads  of  the 
same  metal  are  fixed; — the  brush  being  con- 
nected with  one  of  the  poles  of  the  galvanic  pile. 

Brush.  Stomach,  Excutia  ventriculi. 

BRUTA,  Juniperus  sabina. 

BRUTIA.  A  sort  of  thick  pitch,  obtained 
from  Brutia  in  Italy.  From  the  PixBrutia  was 
obtained  the  Oleum  Picinum. 

Brutia,  Instinct. 

BRUTINO,  Terebinthina. 

BRUXANEL1.  A  Malabar  tree,  the  bark 
and  leaves  of  which  have  a  strong  smell,  and 
are  astringent.  On  the  coast  of  Malabar,  its 
juice,  mixed  with  butter,  is  applied  to  boils. 
Its  bark  is  esteemed  to  be  diuretic,  and  its  roots 
anti-arthritic. 

BRUYkRE  VULGJiIRE,  Erica  vuWis. 

BRUYERES,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Bruyeres  is  a  small  village,  7J  leagues  from 
Luneville.  The  waters  are  acidulous  and  cha- 
lybeate. 

BRYCHETHMOS,  Rugitus. 

BRYGMUS,  (jovyuos, Stridor  Den'tlum.  (q.  v.) 
Grinding  of  the  teeth. 

BRYO'NIA  ALBA;  Write  Bry'ony,  Vitis 
alba  sylves'lrls,  Agros'tis,  Agriam'pelos,  Am'pe- 
los  agria,  Archeos'trls,  Eehe.tr o' sis,  Bryo'nia  as'- 
pera,  Cedros'tls,  Chclldo'nlvm,  Labrus'ca,  Me- 
lo' thrum,  Ophrostaph'ylon,  Psllo'thrum,  Bryonia 
Dioi'ca.  Nat.  Ord.  Cucurbitaceas.  Sex.  Syst. 
Moncecia  Monadelphia.  (F.)  Couleuvree,  Vlgne 
vlerge,  V.  blanche.  The  root  is  large  and  succu- 
lent, and  has  an  acrid,  bitter,  and  disagreeable 
taste.  It  is  a  drastic  cathartic.  Externally,  it 
has  been  applied,  in  form  of  cataplasm,  in  irout. 
When  repeatedly  washed,  a  good  starch  is  ob- 
tained from  it.  The  active  principle  has  been 
separated  from  it,  and  called  Bry'onine. 

Bryonia  Mkchoacanna  Nigricans,  Convol- 
vulus jalapa — b.  Peruviana,  Convolvulus  jalapa. 

BRYONINE,  see  Bryonia  alba. 

BRYTIA,  Mnrc  of  grapes. 

BRYTON,  Cerevisia. 

BU,puv,  abbreviation  of  fovt,  'an  ox;'  in  com- 


BUBASTEC0RD1UM 


117 


BUCK BEAN 


position  expresses,  'excess,  greatness.'     Hence 
Bu/irnvs,  BuphthaFmia,  &c. 

BU  BASTEUORDIUM,  Artemisia  vulgaris. 
BUBE,  Pustule. 

BUBO,  (Sivflwr,  Fano'chia,  Partus  inguina'lis, 
Adenophy'ma  inguinatis,  Bubonopa'nus,  Cam- 
bu'ca,  Angus,  Boubon,  Codocel$,Codoscclla,  (F.) 
Bubon,  Poulain.  In  the  works  of  Hippocrates 
and  Galen,  this  word  sometimes  signifies  the 
groin;  at  others,  the  inguinal  glands;  and  at 
others,  again,  swelling  or  inflammation  of  these 
parts.  The  moderns  apply  the  term  to  an  in- 
flammatory tumour  seated  in  the  groin  or  axilla, 
and  they  generally  distinguish,  1.  Simple  or 
sympathetic  Bubo,  which  is  independent  of  any 
virus  in  the  economy.  2.  Venereal  Bubo,  (F.) 
Bubon  venerien,  which  is  occasioned  hy  the  ve- 
nereal virus.  3.  Pestilential  Bubo,  or  B.  symp- 
tomatic of  the  Plague.  The  last  two  have  by 
some  been  called  malignant  Bubo,  (F.)  Bubon 
rnalin.  Primary  Bubo,  (F.)  Bubon  primilif, 
shows  itself  with  the  first  symptoms  of  syphilis: 
the  consecutive  not  till  afterwards. 

BUBON,  Bubo,  Inguen — b.  Gummiferum, 
see  Ammoniac  gum. 

Bubon  Gal'banum.  The  systematic  name  of 
a  plant  which  has  been  supposed  to  afford  the 
galbanum.  Meto'pion.  The  plant  is  also  called 
Fer'ula  Africa' na,  Oieoseli'num  Africa'  num.,  Ani'  - 
sum  frutico'sum  galhanif  erum,  Anisum  Africa' - 
num  frutes'ctns.  The  long-leaved  or  lovage- 
leaved  Gal'banum.  JVat.  Ord.  Umbelliferce.  The 
plant  can  scarcely,  however,  be  considered  to 
be  determined.  Galbanum  is  the  gummi-resin- 
ous  juice  of  this  tree.  Its  odour  is  fetid,  and 
taste  bitter  and  acrid  :  the  agglutinated  tears  are 
of  a  white  colour,  on  aground  of  reddish -brown. 
It  forms  an  emulsion,  when  triturated  with 
water,  and  is  soluble  in  proof  spirit  of  wine, 
and  vinegar:  s.  g.  1.212.  It  has  been  given  as 
an  antispasmodic,  and  expectorant,  in  pill  or 
emulsion.  Dose,  from  gr.  10  to  GO.  Externally, 
it  is  applied  as  a  cataplasm. 

Bubon  Macedon'icum,  Petrose/i'num  Mace- 
don' icum,  A' pium  petra'um, Pctra'pium,(F.)  Per- 
sil  de  Macidoine,  Macedonian  Parsley.  Its  pro- 
perties are  similar  to  those  of  common  parsley, 
but  weaker  and  less  grateful.  The  seeds  are 
an  ingredient  in  the  celebrated  compounds — 
Mithridate  and  Theriac. 

BUBO'NIUM,  Aster  At'ticus,  Golden  Starwort. 
A  plant  anciently  supposed  to  be  efficacious 
in  diseases  of  the  groin,  from  (iovfivw,  'the  groin.' 
BUBOJNOCE'LE,  from  |?o«/W,  'the  groin,' 
and  «»;A?;,' tumour,' 'rupture.'  Hernia  inguina'- 
lis, (F.)  Hemic  inguinale,  In'guinal  Hernia,  or 
Rupture  of  the  Groin.  Some  surgeons  have 
confined  this  term  to  hernia  when  limited  to  the 
groin ,  and  have  called  the  same  affection,  when 
it  has  descended  to  the  scrotum,  Oscheocele  or 
Scrotal  Hernia.  The  rupture  passes  through 
the  abdominal  ring:  and,  in  consequence  of  the 
greater  size  of  the  opening  in  the  male,  is  more 
frequent  in  the  male  sex. 
BUBONOPANUS,  Bubo. 
BUBONOREX'IS,  from  jSst^wr, 'the  groin,' 
and  Qtjlig,  'a  rupture.'  A  name  given  to  bubo- 
nocele when  accompanied  with  a  division  of  the 
peritoneum,  or  when,  in  other  words,  it  is  de- 
void of  a  sac. 

BUBON'ULUS.  A  diminutive  of  Bubo,  (q. 
V.)  A  painful  swelling  of  the  lymphatics  of  the 
penis,  extending  along  the  dorsum  of  that  organ 


to  the  groin.     It  is  an  occasional  accompani- 
ment of  gonorrhoea. 

BUCAROS,  Terra  Portugallica. 
BUCCA,  Gnnthos.    The  mouth.   The  cheeks 
and  hollow  of  the  cheeks.     Also,  the  vulva. 

BUCCACRATON,  from  Bucca,  and  zoaw, 
'I  mix.'  A  morsel  of  bread  sopped  in  wine, 
which  served  of  old  for  a  breakfast, — Linden. 

BUCCAL,  Bucca' lis,  from  Bucca, '  the  mouth,' 
or  rather  'the  cheek.'  That  which  concerns 
the  mouth,  and  especially  the  cheeks. 

Buccal  Artery,  A.  Sus-maxillaire, — (Ch.) 
arises  from  the  internal  maxillary  or  from  some 
of  its  branches,  as  the  Temporalis  profunda  an- 
tica,  or  the  Alveolar.  It  distributes  its  branches 
to  the  buccinator  muscle,  and  to  the  buccal 
membrane. 

Buccal  or  Molar  Glands.  Mucous  folli- 
cles, seated  in  the  buccal  membrane,  opposite 
the  molar  teeth.  They  secrete  a  viscid  humour, 
which  mixes  with  the  saliva,  and  lubricates  the 
mouth. 

Buccal  Membrane,  (F.)  Membrane  Buccale. 
The  mucous  membrane,  which  lines  the  inte- 
rior of  the  mouth. 

Buccal  Nerve,  or  Buccinator  Nerve,  Bucco- 
labial — (Ch.,)  is  given  off  by  the  inferior  maxil- 
lary. It  sends  its  branches  to  the  cheek,  and 
especially  to  the  buccinator  muscle. 
Buccal  Vein,  follows  the  artery. 
BUCCEA  and  BUCCEL'LA.  The  fleshy 
excrescence  of  nasal  polypus,  so  called  because 
it  was  believed  to  proceed  from  the  mouth. — 
Paracelsus.     Also,  a  mouthful. 

BUCCELA'TON  or  BUCCELA'TUS.  A 
loaf-shaped  cathartic  medicine;  made  chiefly  of 
scammony. — Aetius,  Paulus  of  iEgina. 
BUCCINA,  Turbinated  bones. 
BUCCINA'TOR,  from  buccinare,  'to  sound 
the  trumpet.'  The  Buccina'tor  Muscle,  Rctrac'- 
tor  An'guli  Oris,  Bucco-Alviolo-maxillaire,  Al- 
violo-labial — (Ch.,)  Manso'rius,  is  situate  in 
the  substance  of  the  cheeks.  It  extends  be- 
tween the  posterior  portions  of  the  alveolar 
arches  of  the  two  jaws  and  the  commissure  of 
the  lips,  which  it  draws  backward.  Jt  assists 
in  mastication,  by  pushing  the  food  back  to- 
wards the  teeth;  and,  if  the  cheeks  be  distend- 
ed by  air,  its  contraction  forces  it  out. 

BUCCO.  One  who  is  blub-cheeked,  or  wide- 
mouthed. 

BUCCOALVlOLOMAXILLAIRE,  Bucci- 
nator. 

BUCCO-LABIAL  NERVE,  Buccal  nerve. 
BUCCO- PHARYNGEAL,  Buccopharynge'- 
us,  (F.)  Bucco-pharyngien.  Belonging  to  the 
mouth  and  pharynx.  The  Bucco-pharynge'al 
Aponeurosis,  or  Intermax' 'illary  Lig'ament,  ex- 
tends from  the  internal  ala  of  the  pterygoid 
process  to  the  posterior  part  of  the  lower  alveo- 
lar arch,  and  affords  attachment,  anteriorly,  to 
the  buccinator,  and  posteriorly  to  the  constric- 
tor pharyngis  superior. 

BUC'CULA,  from  Bucca,  'the  mouth.'  A 
small  mouth.  The  fleshy  part  beneath  the 
chin. — Bartholine. 

BUCCELLA'TIO.     A  mode  of  arresting  he- 
morrhage, by  applying  a  pledget  of  lint  to  the 
bleeding  vessel. — Avicenna,  Fallopius. 
BUCERAS.  Trigonella  fecnum. 
BUCHU-LEAVES,  Diosma  crenata. 
BUCKBEAN,    Menyanthes    trifoliata  —  b. 
American,  Menyanthes  verna. 


BUCKET  FEVER 


118 


BURN 


BUCKET  FEVER,  Dengue. 

BUCKEYE,  JEJsculus  hippocastanum. 

BUCKHO,  Diosma  crenata. 

BUCKTHORN,  PURGING,  Rhamnus. 

BUCKWHEAT,  Polygonum  fagopyrum— b. 
Plant,  eastern,  Polygonum  divaricatum. 

BUCNEMlA.seVElephantiasis— b.  Tropica, 
see  Elephantiasis. 

BUCTON,  Hymen. 

BUFF,  INFLAMMATORY,  Corium  phlo- 
gistic um. 

BUFFY  COAT,  Corium  phlogisticum. 

BUG,BED,Cimex. 

BUGANT1A,  Chilblain. 

BUGLE,  Prunella— b.  Common,  Ajuga  rep- 
tans—  b.  Pyramidale,  Ajuga— 6.  Rampante,  Aju- 
ga reptans — b.  Water,  Lycopus  virginicus— b. 
Weed,  Lycopus. 

BUGLOSE,  Anchusa  officinalis. 

BUGLOSS,  Dyer's,  Anchusa  tinctoria — b. 
Garden,  Anchusa  officinalis — b.  Upright,  Ajuga. 

BUGLOSSA,  Anchusa  officinalis. 

BUGLOSSUM  ANGUST1FOLIUM  MA- 
JUS,  Anchusa  officinalis — b.  Lati folium,  Bora- 
go  officinalis— b.  Sativum,  Anchusa  officinalis — 
b.  Sylvestris,  Anchusa  officinalis — b.  Tincto- 
rum,  Anchusa  tinctoria — b.  Verum,  Boracic 
acid — b.  Vulgare  majus,  Anchusa  officinalis. 
,  g  BUGULA°,  Ajuga. 
"  BU GRANDE  £PLYEUSE,  Ononis  spinosa. 

BUGRAJYE,  Ononis  spinosa — b.  des  Champs, 
Ononis  arvensis. 

BUIS,  BUXUS. 

BUISARD,MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Bui- 
sard  is  two  leaoues  from  Chateau-Thierry,  in 
France.  The  water  contains  chloride  of  cal- 
cium and  carbonate  of  lime. 

BULB,  Bulbus,  (F.)  Bulbe.  A  name,  given 
by  anatomists  to  different  parts  which  resem- 
ble, in  shape,  certain  bulbous  roots.  The  Bulb 
of  the  Aorta  is  the  great  sinus  of  the  Aorta. 
Bulb  of  a  Tooth;  the  vascular  and  nervous  pa- 
pilla contained  in  the  cavity  of  a  tooth.  The 
Bulb  or  Root  of  the  Hair  is  the  part  whence  the 
hair  originates.  The  Bulb  of  the  Urethra  is  the 
dilated  portion  formed  by  the  commencement 
of  the  Corpus  spongiosum  towards  the  root  of 
the  penis.  We  say,  also,  Bulb,  for  Globe,  of  the  eye. 

Bulb,  Rachidian,  see  Medulla  oblongata. 

BULBE  DE  LA  VOUTE  A  TROIS  PI- 
LIERS,  Mamillary  tubercles. 

BULBI  PRIORUM  CRURUM  FORNICIS, 
Mamillary  tubercles. 

BULBOCASTANEUM,  Bunium  bulbocas- 
tanum. 

BU  LBO-CAVERNOSUS,  Accelerator  urinae 
— b.  Sijndesmo-caverneux,  Accelerator  urinae — b. 
Ur6lral,  Accelerator  urinae. 

BULBONACH,  Lunaria  rediviva. 

BULBUS  ESCULENTUS.  The  Es'culent 
Bulb:  a  particular  kind,  so  denominated  by  the 
ancients.  It  is  supposed  to  have  been  the  Ccpa 
Ascalon'ica. — Dioscorides,  Celsus,  Pliny,  &c. 

Bulbus  Vomito'rius.    A  plant,  said  by  Dios- 
corides to   be  emetic  and   diuretic.     It  is  the 
Mush-grape   flower,    according  to    Ray  : — the 
Hyacinthus  Muscari. 
BULGA,  Vulva. 
BULIMIA,  Boulimia. 

BU'LITHOS,  from  five,  'an  ox,'  and  Zt9oc, '  a 

stone.'     Abezoaror  stone,  found  in  the  kidneys, 

gall-bladder,  or  urinary  bladder  of  an  ox  or  cow. 

BULLA.     (F.)  Bulk.    A  Bleb.    A  portion  of 


the  cuticle,  detached  from  the  skin  by  the  inter- 
position of  a  transparent,  watery  fluid.  It  forms 
the  4th  order  in  Willan's  and  Bateman's  ar- 
rangement of  cutaneous  diseases,  and  includes 
erysipelas,  pemphigus,  and  pompholyx  By 
some,  Bulla  has  been  used  synonymously  with 
Pemphigus,  (q.  v.)     See,  also,  Hydatid. 

BULLACE  PLUM.  Prunus  invitia. 

BULLAE  ROTUNDA  CERVIC1S  UTERI, 
Nabolhi  glandular. 

BULL-FISTS,  Lycoperdon. 

BUMELLIA,  Fraxinus  excelsior. 

BUNA,  Coffea  Arabica. 

BUNDURH,  Corylus  avellana. 

BUNIAS,  Brassica  napus. 

BU'NIOID,  Bunioi'dcSjNa'piform;  from  flov- 
viov,  '  a  turnip,' and  tiSog,  'resemblance.'  An 
epithet  for  a  form  of  cancer,  bearing  some  re- 
semblance to  a  turnip. 

BUNION,  Bunyon. 

BUNITES  V1NUM.  A  wine,  made  by  in- 
fusing the  Bunium  in  must.  It  is  stomachic, 
but  scarcely  ever  used. 

BU'NIUM  BULBOCASTANUM,jW(or,so 
called,  it  has  been  supposed,  from  growing  on 
hills,  from  povvog,  'a  hill.'  Balanocas'lanum. 
The  systematic  name  of  a  plant,  whose  root  is 
called  the  Pig-nut,  (q.  v.)  Agriocas1 tanum, 
Nu'cula  terres'tris,  Bulbocastu' neum,  Bulbocas1- 
tanum  majus  ct  minus,  Earth-nut,  Hawk-nut, 
Kipper-nut,  (F.)  Terrenoix.  The  root  is  tube- 
rous, and  is  eaten  raw  or  roasted.  It  has  been 
supposed  of  use  in  strangury.  It  is  not  em- 
ployed in  medicine. 

BUNNIAN,  Bunyon. 

BUN'YON,  Bun'ion,  Bun'nian,  from  (3owoc, 
'an  eminence.'  (?)  An  enlargement  and  in- 
flammation of  the  bursa  mucosa  at  the  inside 
of  the  ball  of  the  great  toe. 

BUPEINA.  Boulimia. 

BUPHTHALMIHERBA,Anthemis  tinctoria. 

BUPHTHAL/MIA,  Buphthal'mos,  from  |fe«s, 
'  an  ox,'  and  (updating,  'an  eye.'  Ox  eye.  Un- 
der this  name,  the  generality  of  authors  have 
designated  the  first  stage  of  hydrophthalmia. 
Others,  with  Sabatier,  mean,  by  it  turgescence 
of  the  vitreous  humour,  which,  by  pushing  the 
iris  forwards,  forms  around  the  crystalline  a 
sort  of  border. 

BUPHTHALMUM  CRET1CUM,  Anthemis 
Pyrethrum — b.  Majus,  Chrysanthemum  leu- 
canthemum. 

BUPHTHALMUS,  Hydrophthalmia,  Sem- 
pervivum  tectorum. 

BUPLEUROIDES,  Bupleurum  rotundifo- 
lium. 

BUPLEU'RUM  ROTUNDIFO'LIUM,  Bit- 
pleu'ron,  Bupleuro'i'des,  from  (iov,  augmentative, 
and  -nltvQor,  'side.'  (F.)  Buplevre,  Percefeuille, 
Round-leaved  Hare's-Eur,  or  Thoroio-wux.  The 
herb  and  seeds  are  slightly  aromatic.  It  was 
formerly  celebrated  for  curing  ruptures,  being 
made  into  a  cataplasm  with  wine  and  oatmeal. 

BUPLkVRE,  Bupleurum  rotundifolium. 

BURAC,  Borax.  Also,  any  kind  of  salt 
(Arabic.) 

BURDOCK,  Arctium  lappa— b  Lesser,  Xan- 
thium. 

BURIS.     Hernia,  accompanied  by  scirrhous 
tumefaction;  or,  perhaps,  a  scirrhous  tumour 
only. — Avicenna. 
BURN.    Sax.  bernan  or  bypnan,  'to  burn 


BURNEA 


119 


BUXUS 


or  bren.'  Ustio,  Ambus'tio,  Adus'tio,  Tresis 
Causis,  Erytlie'ma  Ambus' tio,  Causis,  Encau'- 
sis,  Cumbustu'ra,  Catacau'ma,  Combus'tio,  (F.) 
Brulure.  An  injury  produced  by  the  action  of  too 
great  heat  on  the  body.  Burns  are  of  greater 
or  less  extent;  from  the  simple  irritation  of  the 
integument  to  the  complete  destruction  of  the 
part.  The  consequences  are  more  or  less  se- 
vere, according  to  the  extent  of  injury,  and  the 
part  affected.  Burns  of  the  abdomen,  when  ap- 
parently doing  well,  are  sometimes  followed  by 
fatal  results.  Their  treatment  varies:  at  times, 
the  antiphlogistic  being  required;  at  others, 
one  more  stimulating. 

BURNEA,  see  Pinus  Sylvestris. 

BURNING, orBRENNING.  A  disease  men- 
tioned by  old  historians,  from  which  authors 
have  unsuccesfully  endeavoured  to  demonstrate 
the  antiquity  of  syphilis. — Farr. 

BURRH1  SPIRTTUS  MATRICA'LIS.  The 
Spirit  of  Burrhus  for  diseases  of  the  Womb.  It 
is  prepared  by  digesting,  in  alcohol,  equal  parts 
of  myrrh,  olibanum,  and  mastic.  Boerhaave 
frequently  prescribed  it. 

BURSA  TEST1UM,  Scrotum— b.  Virilis, 
Scrotum. 

B  U  RS.J3  MUCOSAE , Bursas  muco'sce  vesicu/u'- 
res,  Bursa  synovia'les,  Synovial  Crypts  or  Fol- 
licles, (F.)  Bourses  Synovialcs.  Small  membra- 
nous sacs,  situate  about  the  joints,  particu- 
larly about  the  large  ones  of  the  upper  and 
lower  extremities,  and,  for  the  most  part,  lying 
under  the  tendons.  They  are  naturally  rilled 
with  an  oily  kind  of  fluid,  the  use  of  which  is 
to  lubricate  surfaces  over  which  tendons  play. 
In  consequence  of  bruises  or  sprains,  this  fluid 
sometimes  collects  to  a  great  extent.  The  Bur- 
sa are,  generally,  either  of  a  roundish  or  oval 
form,  and  they  have  been  arranged  under  two 
classes,  the  spherical  and  vaginal. 

BURS^E  SYNOVIALES,  Bursa?  mucosae. 

BURSALIS,  Obturator  internus. 

BURSE'RA  GUMMIF'ERA,  Terebinlh'us 
gumrnif'era,  Jamaica  Bark  Tree.  A  resin  ex- 
udes from  this  tree,  which  is  solid  externally, 
as  met  with  in  the  shops;  sottish  internally;  of 
a  vitreous  fracture;  transparent;  of  a  pale  yel- 
low colour;  turpentine  smell,  and  sweet,  per- 
fumed taste.  It  has  been  used  like  balsams 
and  turpentines  in  general,  and  is  called,  by 
the  French,  Cachibou,  Chibou,  and  Resine  de 
Gomart. 

BURSUL A,  Scrotum. 

BURWEED,  Xanthium. 

BUR  WORT,  Ranunculus  acris. 

BURTHISTLE,  Xanthium. 

BUSSANG,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Bus- 
sang  is  a  village  in  the  department  of  Vosges, 
France.     The  waters  are  acidulous  chalybeates. 

BUSSEROLLE,  Arbutus  viva  ursi. 

BUSSII  SPIRTTUS  BEZOAR'TICUS.  The 
Bezoar'dic  Spirit  of  Bussius.  A  preparation, 
regarded  as  sudorific,  diuretic,  and  antispas- 
modic; obtained  by  distilling  subcarbonate  and 
muriate  of  ammonia,  amber,  oil  of  cedar  or 
iuniper,  »tc. 

BUTE,  ISLAND  OF,  CLTMATE  OF.  This 
island  is  in  the  Frith  of  Clyde,  about  Id  miles 
below  Greenock.  The  climate  is  mild  and 
equable,  but  rather  moist;  and,  as  a  winter  re- 
sidence,  it  holds  out  advantages  for  those  only 
as  appear  to  demand  such  a  condition  of  the 
atmosphere.     The   climate   resembles,  in  cha- 


racter, that  of  the  S.  W.  of  England  and  France 
and  the  channel  islands;  although  its  tempe- 
rature is  lower. 

BUTEA  FRONDOSA,  see  Kino.  A  tree 
common  in  Bengal,  and  in  the  mountainous 
parts  of  India;  Nat.  Ord.  Leguminoss;  from 
which  gum  butea  flows.  Dr.  Pereira  found  this 
gum  to  be  identical  with  a  specimen  marked 
gu/nmi  rubrum  astringens — the  gomme  astrin- 
gente  de  Gambie  of  M.  Guibourt.  By  some 
this  gum  has  been  confounded  with  kino. 

BUTIGA,  Gutta  rosea. 

BUTOMON,  Iris  pseudacorus. 

BUTTER,  from  povrvpov,  itself  from  fiov?, 
'ox,'  and  jvqoq,  'any  thing  coagulated.'  Buty'- 
rum,  Fice'rion,  (F.)  Beurre.  A  sort  of  concrete 
oil,  obtained  from  the  cream  that  forms  on  the 
surface  of  the  milk  furnished  by  the  females  of 
the  mammalia;  especially  by  the  cow  and  the 
goat.  Fresh  butter  is  very  nutritious,  whilst 
the  rancid  is  irritating.  The  ancient  chemists 
gave  the  name  Butter  to  many  of  the  metallic 
chlorides.  It  has  also  been  applied  to  vegeta- 
ble substances,  which  resemble,  in  some  re- 
spects, the  butter  obtained  from  milk. 

Butter  of  Bambouc  orBAMBUc,  (F.)  Beurre. 
de  Bambouc  ou  Bambuk.  A  vegetable  oil  ob- 
tained from  a  species  of  almond,  and  used  in 
Senegal  in  neuralgic  and  rheumatismal  pains. 

BuTrER  of  Cacao,  Oil  of  Cacao,  Oleum  Ca- 
cao spissa'tum,  0.  Theobrn'mee  Cacao  expres'sum, 
(F.)  Beurre  de  Cacao,  Huile  de  Cacao.  A  fat 
substance,  of  a  sweet  and  agreeable  taste,  ob- 
tained from  the  Theobroma  cacao,  or  chocolate 
nut. 

Butter  of  Cocoa,  (F.)  Beurre  de  Coco.  A 
fatty,  concrete  substance,  which  separates  from 
the  milk  of  the  cocoa  nut.  It  is  sweet  and 
agreeable. 

BUTTERBUR,  Tussilago  petasites. 

BUTTERCUPS,  Ranunculus  acris. 

BUTTERFLY-WEED,  Asolepias  tuberosa. 

BUTTERMILK,  (F.)  Babeurre,  Lait  de 
Beurre.  The  thin,  sour  milk,  separated  from 
the  cream  by  churning.  It  contains  caseum 
and  a  little  butter.  It  is  a  refreshing  drink  when 
newly  made. 

BUTTERWORT,  Pinguicola  vulgaris. 

BUTTONBUSH,  Cephalanthus  occidentalis. 

BUTTON  WOOD  SHRUB,  Cephalanthus 
occidentalis. 

BUTUA,  Pareira  brava. 

BUTYRUM,  Butter— b.  Amygdalarum  dul- 
cium,  Confection  (almond) — b.  Saturni,  Un- 
guentum  plumbi  superacetatis — b.  Zinci,  Zinci 
chloridum. 

BUVEUR,  Rectus  internus  oculi. 

BUXTON,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF,  Bux- 
tonien! sis  Aqux.  Buxton  is  a  village  in  Derby- 
shire. The  springs  are  thermal,  and  about  82° 
Fahrenheit.  They  contain  sulphate  of  soda, 
chloride  of  calcium,  chloride  of  sodium,  chlo- 
ride of  magnesium,  carbonate  of  lime,  carbonic 
acid,  and  azote.  They  are  used  in  cases  in 
which  thermal  springs,  in  general,  are  recom- 
mended. They  contain  little  or  no  mineral  im- 
pregnation. 

BUXUS,  Buxvs  sempervi'rens.  The  Box- 
tree.  (F.)  Bids  ou  Bonis.  The  leaves  are  bit- 
ter and  aromatic,  and,  as  such,  have  been  used 
in  medicine,  in  cases  of  worms,  dyspepsia,  &.c, 
in  the  form  of  decoction.    They  are  sometimes. 


BYNE 


120 


CACHEXIA 


also,  added  to  beer.  The  seed  was  anciently 
called  Carthtfgon. 

BYNE,  Malt. 

BY'RETHRUM.  A  sort  of  cap  or  Couvre- 
chef,  filled  with  cephalic  substances. — Foreslus. 

BYR3A,  (Ivnoa.  A  leather  skin  to  spread 
plasters  upon. 

BYRSODEP'SICON.  A  tan  stuff,  with 
which  Cslius  Aurelianus  sprinkled  wool, 
which  he  applied  in  certain  cases  to  the  umbi- 
lical region:  from  (luQoaj  'leather,'  and  dexptto, 
'I  tan.' 

BYRSODEPSICUM  PR! NCIPJUM,  Tannin. 

BYSAU'CHEiN,  from  pvw,  'I  stop  up,'  and 


av/ir,  '  the  neck.'  A  morbid  stiffness  of  the 
neck. 

BYSSOS,  Vulva. 

BYSSUS  or  BYSSUM.  The  ancients  gave 
this  name  to  several  vegetable  substances, 
which  were  used  for  the  fabrication  of  stuffs, 
prized  for  their  fineness,  colour,  and  rarity  of 
material.  It  is  now  chiefly  applied  to  the  fila- 
menls,  by  the  aid  of  which  the  acephalous  mol- 
lusca  attach  their  shells  to  the  rocks.  B.  was 
formerly  also  applied  to  the  female  pudendum. 

BYTHOS,  ftvdoc,  'depth.'  An  epithet  used 
by  Hippocrates  for  the  fundus  of  the  sto- 
mach. 


C.  This  letter  in  the  chemical  alphabet  sig- 
nifies nitre.  It  is  also  sometimes  used  in  pre- 
scriptions for  calx. 

CAA-AP'IA,  Dorstc'nia  Brazilicn'sis.  The 
root,  according  to  Piso,  is  employed  as  emetic 
and  anti-diarrhceic. 

CAA-ATAY'A.  A  plant  of  Brazil,  supposed 
to  be  a  species  of  gratiola.  It  is  very  bitter, 
and  considered  to  be  one  of  the  best  indigenous 
cathartics. 

CAACICA,  Euphorbia  capitata. 

CAA-GHIYU'YO,  Frutex  badcifer  Brazili- 
cn'sis. A  shrub  of  Brazil,  whose  leaves,  in 
powder,  are  considered  detersive. 

CAAOP1A,  Hypericum  bacciferum. 

CAAPEBA,  Pareira  brava. 

CAAPONGA,  Crithmum  maritimum. 

CAAROBA.  A  Brazilian  tree,  whose  leaves, 
in  decoction,  promote  perspiration. — See  Cera- 
tonia. 

CABAL,  Cal/ala,  Cabal' la,  Cal'bala,  Cabalia, 
Kabala,  Gaballa.  This  word  is  from  the  He- 
brew, and  signifies  knowledge  transmitted  by 
tradition.  Paracelsus  and  several  authors  of 
the  Kith  and  17th  centuries  have  spoken  much 
of  this  species  of  magic,  which  they  distin- 
guished into  Judaic  or  ikcohgian,  and  Hermetic 
or  medicinal;  the  latter  being,  according  to 
them,  the  art  of  knowing  the  most  occult  pro- 
perties of  bodies  by  an  immediate  communica- 
tion with  spirits; — the  knowledge  being  thus 
acquired  by  inspiration,  and  incapable  of  in- 
ducing error.  It  was  also  called  Ars  cabalis'tica, 
'  cabalistic  art.' 

CABAL/HAU.  A  plant  of  Mexico,  accord- 
ing to  Dalechamps,  which  passes  for  an  anti- 
dote to  white  hellebore,  and  yet  is  used  for  poi- 
soning arrows.     It  is  unknown  to  botanists. 

CAB'ALIST,  Cabalis'ta.  One  instructed  in 
the  Cabal. 

CABALLATION,  Cynoglossum. 

CABARET,  Asarum. 

CABBAGE,  Brassica — c.Cow,  Nymphceaodo- 
rata — c.  Irish,  Dracontium  foetidum — c.  Skunk, 
Dracontium  foetidum — c.  Swamp,  Dracontium 
foetidum — c.  Water,  Nymphseaodorata — c.Tree, 
GeofTraea  inermis — c.  Bark  tree,  Geoffrsea  iner- 
mis. 

CABUREIBA,  Myroxylon  Peruiferum. 

CABUREICIBA,  see  Myroxylon  Peruiferum. 

CAC^E'MIA,  Cuchae'mia,  from  xaxog,  'bad,' 


and  'aiu*-,  '  blood.'     A  faulty  or  morbid  condi- 
tion of  the  blood. 

CACiESTHESIS,  Indisposition. 

CAC'AGOGUE,  Cacago'gus,  from  xaxxrj, 
'excrement,'  and  ayar,  'to  expel.'  An  oint- 
ment, composed  of  alum  and  honey;  which, 
when  applied  to  the  anus,  produced  an  evacua- 
tion.— Paulus  of  iEgina. 

CACA'LIA  ANTEUPHOR'BIUM,  Jlntcu- 
phor'bium.  A  plant,  which  Dodoens  and  others 
considered  to  be  capable  of  tempering  the  caus- 
tic properties  of  the  euphorbium.  It  is  also 
called  Kleinia. 

Man}'  varieties  of  the  Cacalia  are  used,  in 
different  countries,  chiefly  as  condiments. 

CA'CAO,  Ca'coa,  Co'coa  Cacavif  era,  Caca'vi, 
Qua/toil,  Cacana'ta.  The  cocoa  or  chocolate 
nut;  fruit  of  Thabro'ma  Cacao;  Family,  Mal- 
vaceae.    Sex.  Syst.  Polydelphia  Pentandria. 

CACATION,  Defecation. 

CACATORIA,  Diarrhcea. 

CAC'ATORY,  Cacato'rius,  from  cacarc,  '  to 
go  to  stool.'  Febris  cacato'ria;  a  kind  of  inter- 
mittent fever,  accompanied  by  copious  alvine 
evacuations. — Sylvius. 

CACAVATA,  Cacao. 

CACAVI,  Cacao,  Jatropha  manihot. 

CACCE,  Excrement. 

CACCION'DE.  A  sort  of  pill,  chiefly  formed 
of  catechu,  recommended  by  Baglivi  in  dysen- 
tery. 

CACHANG-PARANG.  A  sort  of  bean  of 
Sumatra,  mentioned  by  Marsden,  whose  seeds 
are  given  in  pleurisy.  Jussieu  considers  it  to 
be  the  Mimo'sa.  scandens. 

CACHECTIC,  Cachec'ticus,  same  etymon 
as  Cachexia.  One  attacked  with  cachexia.  Be- 
longing to  cachexia.  Cachec'tica  rctncdia  are 
remedies  against  cachexia. 

CACHEN  LAGUEN,  Chanchalagua,  Chi- 
ronia  chilensis. 

CACHEX'IA,  from  xaxog,  'bad,'  and  'tij<?, 
'habit.'  Status  cachec'ticus.  A  condition  in 
which  the  body  is  evidently  depraved.  A  bad 
habit  of  body;  chiefly  the  result  of  scorbutic, 
cancerous,  or  venereal  diseases  when  in  their 
last  stage.  Hence  we  hear  of  a  Scorbutic  C, 
Cancerous  C,  &c.  Sauvages  and  Cullen  have 
included  under  this  head  a  number  of  diseases 
— consumptions,  dropsies,  &c.  Cachexia  has 
been   sometimes    confounded    with    diathesis. 


CACHEXIA  AFRICANA 


121 


CADAVER 


The  Cachexia  Iclerica  is  jaundice  or  icterus 
sfself,  or  a  disposition  thereto.  The  fluor  albus 
is  sometimes  called  Cachexia  Uterina. 

Cachexia  Africana,  Chthonophagia —  c. 
Calculosa,  Lithia — c.  Cancerous,  see  Cancer — c. 
Chlorotic,  Chlorosis— c.  Dysthetica,  Dyscrasia 
— c.  lcterica,  Icterus. 

Cachexia  Londinensis.  The  paleness  and 
other  evidences  of  impaired  health  presented 
by  the  inhabitants  of  London:  a  similar  cachexia 
is  seen  in  those  of  other  crowded  cities. 

Cachexia,  Scorbutic,  see  Purpura— c.Scro- 
phulosa,  Scrofula. 

Cachexia  Sple'nica.  The  state  of  scorbutic 
Cachexia,  which  often  accompanies  diseases  of 
the  spleen,  especially  in  India. 

Cachexia  Venerea,  Syphilis — c.  Venous, 
Venosity — c.  Virginum,  Chlorosis. 

CACHIBOU.    See  Bursera  gummifera. 

CACHINNA'TIO,  from  cachin'no,  <  I  laugh 
aloud.'  A  tendency  to  immoderate  laughter, 
as  in  some  hysterical  and  maniacal  affections. 

CACHIRI.  A  fermented  liquor  made,  in 
Cayenne,  from  a  decoction  of  the  rasped  root 
of  the  manioc.     It  resembles  perry. 

CACHLEX.  A  small  stone  or  pebble,  found 
on  the  seashore.  One  of  these,  when  heated  in 
the  fire,  and  cooled  in  whey,  communicates  an 
astringency  to  the  liquid,  so  that  it  was  anciently 
esteemed  to  be  useful  in  dysentery. — Galen. 

CACHOS.  An  Oriental  fruit,  apparently  of 
a  Solanum,  whrch  is  esteemed  lithontriptic. 

CACHOV,  Catechu. 

CACHRYS  LIBANO'TIS.  An  umbellife- 
rous plant,  which  grows  in  Africa  and  the  South 
of  Europe.  It  is  aromatic  and  astringent.  Its 
seeds  are  extremely  acrid. 

CACHUN'DE.  An  Indian  troch  or  pastile 
composed  of  amber,  mastic,  musk,  cinnamon, 
aloes,  rhubarb,  galanga,  pearls,  rubies,  eme- 
ralds, garnets,  &c.  It  is  regarded  by  the  peo- 
ple of  India  as  an  antidote,  stomachic  and  anti- 
spasmodic. 

CACO-ALEXITERIA,  Alexipharmic. 

CACOCHO'LlA,from  xaxog,'bad,'  and  /oh], 
'  bile.'  Diseases  induced  by  a  depraved  condi- 
tion of  the  bile. 

CACOCHROI,  from  xaxog,  'bad,'  and  /ooa, 
'  colour.'  Diseases  in  which  the  complexion  is 
morbidly  changed  in  colour. 

CACOCHYL'IA,  from  xaxog,  'bad,'  and 
jftiAoc,  'chyle.'     Depraved  chylification. 

CACOCHYM'IA,  Corrup'tio  Humo'rum, from 
y.uxog, '  bad,'  and  /vuoc,  'juice,'  '  humour.'  Ca- 
coch'ymy.     Depravation  of  the  humours. 

Cacochymia  Scorbutica — See  Purpura — c. 
Scroplmlosa,  Scrofula — c.  Venerea,  Syphilis. 

OACOCH'YMUS,  Cacoclnjm'icus.  One  at- 
tacked with  cacochymia.  Belonging  to  caco- 
chymia. 

CACOCNE'MOS,  Mails  suris praedi'tus;  from 
xaxog,  'bad,'  and  *:>)„">/,  'the  leg.'  One  who 
has  bad  legs. 

CACOCORE'MA,  from  xaxog,  'bad,'  and 
xoniuj,  '  I  purrre,  or  cleanse.'  A  medicine  which 
purees  off' the  vitiated  humours. 

CACCD/E'MON.  from  xuxo:,  'bad,'  and  Sut- 
„,„, ,  •  a  B]  irit.'  An  evil  spirit,  to  which  were 
ascribed  many  disorders.     The  nightmare. 

CACODIA.  Anosmia. 

CACOETHES,  from  xaxog,  '  bad,'  and  rtdog. 


'  disposition^  habit,'  &c.     Of  a  bad  or  vi 
character. 

CACOGALAC'TIA,  from  xaxog,  'bad,'  and 
■/ala,  gen.  yaXaxroc,  'milk.'  A  bad  condition 
of  the  milk. 

CACOMORPHIA,  Deformation. 

CACOPATHl'A,  Fassio  Mala,  from  xaxog, 
'bad,'  and  nadog,  'affection.'  A  distressed 
state  of  mind. — Hippocr. 

CACOPHO'iSIA,  from  xaxog,  'bad,'  and  <pwvij, 
'  voice,'  vitia'ta  vox.  A  dissonant  condition  of 
voice. 

CACOPLAS'TIC,  Cacoplas'licus,  Dysplas- 
mat'ic;  from  xar.oc,  'bad,'  and  nlaarw,  '1  form.' 
Susceptible  of  only  a  low  degree  of  organiza- 
tion, as  in  the  indurations  resulting  from  low  or 
chronic  inflammation,  in  fibrocartilage,  cirrho- 

SIS     t&C 

CACOPRA'GIA,  from  xaxog,  '  bad,'  and 
ttquttw,  '  I  perform.'  Depraved  condition  of 
the  chylopoietic  organs. 

CACORRHACHl'TIS,  from  xaxog,  'bad,' 
and  qayig,  'the  spine.'  Cacorrka'chis,  Spon- 
dylalgia. Deformity  of  the  spine.  Disease  of 
the  spine.  Spontaneous  luxation  of  the  verte- 
brae and  ribs  dependent  upon  internal  causes. 

CACORRrlYTH'iMUS,  Arrhyth'mus,  from 
y.axog,  '  bad,'  and  ovdfiog,  '  rhythm,'  '  order.'  Ir- 
regular. 

CACO'SIS.  Maladisposi"tio,  (F.)  Vice.  A  bad 
condition  of  body. — Hippocr. 

CACOSIT'IA,  from  xaxoe,  'bad,'  and  antov, 
'  aliment.'  Disgust  or  aversion  for  food. — Fas- 
tid'ium  cibo'rxim. 

CACOSOMIUM,  from  xaxog,  'bad,'  and  ooyta, 
'  the  body.'  An  hospital  for  leprosy,  and  incu- 
rable affections. 

CACOSPHYX'IA,  from  xaxog,  'bad,'  and 
ocpvztg,  '  pulse.' —  Vilio'sus  pulsus.  Bad  state  of 
pulse. — Galen. 

CACOSTOM'ACHUS,  from  r.ay.og,  'bad,' 
and  aroiiayos,  '  the  stomach.'  What  disagrees 
with  the  stomach.     Indigestible. — Gorraius. 

CACOS'TOMUS,  from  x*r.og,  'bad,'  and 
ittou-i.,  'a  mouth.'     Having  a  bad  mouth. 

CACOTHYM'IA,  Vifium  An'imi,  from  r.*y.c<, 
'bad,'  and  9v[*os,  'mind,'  'disposition.'  A  vi- 
tious  state  of  mind. — Linden. 

CACOTRIBULUS,  Centaurea  calcitrapa. 

CACOTROPH'IA.  from  xaxog,  'bad,'  and 
T£&(prj,  'nutrition.' — Vitio'sa  nutri"tio; — disor- 
dered nutrition. — Galen. 

CACOU,  Cao-nt,  Catechu. 

CACOU'CIA  COCCIN'EA,  Courin'ea  Coc- 
cin'ea,  Schousbx'a  coccin'ea,  Tikimma.  A  pe- 
rennial twining  shrub  of  South  America,  the 
plant  of  which,  as  well  as  the  fruit,  is  pos- 
sessed of  emeto-cathartic  properties. 

CACTIER,  Cactus  opuntia. 

CACTUS  OPUN'TIA,  Opun'tia.  The  Indian 
Fig,  (F.)  Cacticr,  Ra quelle,  Figuier  delude. 
This  plant  grows  in  South  America,  Spain, 
Italy,  &c.  Its  fruit,  which  has  the  shape  of 
the  fig,  is  of  a  sweetish  taste,  and  colours  the 
urine  red  when  eaten.  Its  leaves  are  consi- 
dered refrigerant. 

CADA'BA,  Stroe'mia.  A  genus  of  the  fami- 
ly Capparidese,  natives  of  India  and  Arabia. 
The  young  shoots  of  the  Cada'ba  farino'sa  are 
considered  to  be  an  antidote  against  venomous 
bites. 

CADA'VER,  Ptoma.  Necron.  A  dead  body; 
a  subject;  a  carcass,  (F.)  Cadavre.    The  word 


CADAVEROUS 


122 


CiESlUS 


has  been  supposed  to  come  from  caVo,  '1  fall ;' 
and  by  some,  to  be  a  contraction  from  caro  data 
vermibus,  'flesh  given  to  the  worms!' 

CADAVEROUS,  Cadav'eric,  Cadavcro'sus, 
Necro'des.  (F.)  Cadavereux.  Belonging  to  the 
dead  body;  as  cadaverous  smelt.  The  "Cadav'- 
erous  or  Hippocrat'ic  face  (see  Face.)  is  an  un- 
favourable sign  in  disease,  and  generally  de- 
notes a  fatal  termination. 

Cadav'erous  or  Cadav'eric   Hyperemia. 
The  hypostatic  hyperemia  observed  in  depend- 
ing parts  of  the  dead  body. 
CADEJI-INDJ,  Malabnthrum. 
CADEL-AVANACU,  Croton  tiglium. 
CADIA.     An    Egyptian,   leguminous    plant. 
The   Arabs    attribute   to   its    fresh   leaves    the 
power  of  relieving  colic. 
CADMIA,  Calamina,  Tutia. 
CAD'MII  SULPHAS,  Cad'mium  suiphu'ri- 
cum.  Sulphas   Cad'micus,  Meli'ni.  Sulphas,  Klap- 
ro'tltii  Sulphas,  Klapro'thium  Sulphuricum,  Me- 
liaum   Sulphu'ricum,    Sulphate    of    Cad'mium. 
Used   in  spots  on   the  cornea,  and  in  chronic 
torpid  inflammation  of  the  conjunctiva,  in  the 
quantity  of  half  a  grain  to  a  grain  to  the  ounce 
of  water. 

CADMIUM  SULPHURICUM,  Cadmii  Sul- 
phas. 

CADTCHU,  Catechu. 
CADUCA  HUNTERr,  Decidua. 
CADU'CITY,  Imbecil'litas,  Debil'itas,  Cadu'- 
citas,  from   cadere,  'to  fall.'     The   French  use 
the  word    Caducite  for    the  portion   of  human 
life  which  is  comprised    generally  between  70 
and   80  years.      The   age   which   precedes  de- 
crepitude.    It  is  so  termed  in  consequence  of 
the   limbs    not     usually    possessing    sufficient 
strength  to  support  the  body.     The  precise  age 
must  of  course  vary  in  individuals. 
CADURCUS,  Vulva. 

CADUS,  y.zdoc.     A  Greek  measure,  equal  to 
ten  gallons  English. — Pliny. 
Cadus,  Amphora. 

C^ECAL,  Cseca'iis.  Belonging  to  the  coscum, 
from  cxrus,  'blind,  hidden.'  The  Ccrxal.  urleries 
and  veins  are  the  branches  of  the  Arterisc  et 
venx  colicat  dextrx  inferiores,  distributed  to  the 
caecum. 

CICATRIX,  Cicatrix. 

CiE'CITAS,  Blindness,  Anap'sia,  Ti/phlotes, 
Typhlu'sis,  (F.)  Jivcuglcmcjit,  Cecite,  Perte  de  la 
vue.  C. may  be  dependent  upon  many  different 
diseases, — as  upon  amaurosis,  specks,  hypopy- 
on, cataract,  glaucoma,  ophthalmia,  atrophy  of 
the  eye,  &c. 

Cecitas  Crf.puscularis,  Hemeralopia — c. 
Diuma,  Nyctalopia. 

CjECUM  or  CCECUM,  Intesti'num  caxum, 
Monom'achon,  Monaco' ton,  Monocit 'lurn,  Tuphlo'- 
teron  monoco' Ion,  Ini/'tium  intesti'ni.  crassi,  Sac- 
cus,  Cazcam  Caput  Coli,  Prima  cella  coli,  from 
csecus,  'blind.'  The  Blind  Gut,  so  called  from 
its  being  perforated  at  one  end  only.  That  por- 
tion of  the  intestinal  canal,  which  is  seated  be- 
tween the  termination  of  the  ileum  and  com- 
mencement of  the  colon;  and  which  fills,  al- 
most wholly,  the  right  iliac,  fossa;  where  the 
peritoneum  retains  it  immovably.  Its  length 
is  about  three  or  four  fingers'  breadth.  The 
lleo  rascal  valve,  or  Valve  o/Bauhin  shuts  off' all 
communication  between  it  and  the  ileum  ;  and 
the  Appendix  vtrmiformis  cseci  is  attached  to  it. 


C/Eccm,  Phlegmonous  Tumour  of  the,  Ty- 
phlo-enteritis. 

C^CUS.  'Blind.'  One  deprived  of  sight. 
(F.)  Aveug/e,  Borgne.  In  anatomy,  it  is  used 
to  designate  certain  holes  or  cavities,  which 
end  in  a  cul  de-sac ;  or  have  only  one  opening, 

Blind  Ducts  of  the  Ure'thra,  (F.)  Conduits 
aveugles  de  I'urethre,  are  the  Mucous  Lacu'nx 
of  the  Ure'thra. 

Oxcum,  Foua'men,  of  the  frontal  bone  is  a 
small  cavity  at  the  inferior  extremity  of  the  in- 
ternal coronal  crest  or  crista. — Fronlo-ethmoidul 
foramen — (Ch.),  (F.)  Trou  aveugle  ou  borgne.. 
Morgagni  has  given  the  same  name  to  the  small 
cavity,  in  the  middle  of  the  upper  surface  of  the 
tongue,  near  its  base;  the  sides  of  which  are 
furnished  with  mucous  follicles — Lacune  de  la 
langue — (Ch.) 

C.i:ca,Foram'ina, — Anterius  et  Postf.rius, 
are  situate  at  the  fore  and  back  parts  of  the  tu- 
ber annulare  of  the  brain,  and  at  the  extremi- 
ties of  the  depression  made  by  the  vertebral 
artery.  The  former  is  placed  between  the 
nerves  of  the  3d,  and  the  latter  between  those 
of  the  Cth  pair. 

Cjecje.  HyEMonRHoi'nEs,  Blind  Piles,  (F.)  He- 
morrhoidfs  aveugles,  are  those  unaccompanied 
by  anv  discharge. 

CJELA-DOLO,  Torenia  Asiatica. 

C^EMENTIIM,  Lute. 

OERULEUM  BEROLINENSE,  Prussian 
blue — c.  Borussicum.  Prussian  blue. 

OrERULOSIS  NEONATORUM,  Cyanopa- 
thy. 

OESALPI'NIA  orC.ESALPI'NA  SAPPAN, 
Sappan  or  Sampfen  wood,  (F  )  Brdsil/et,  Bnis 
de  Sappan.  A  small  Siamese  tree,  the  wood  of 
which  is  used  in  decoction,  in  cases  of  contu- 
sion. 

Brazil  ivood,  Pernamhur.o  or  Fernambucowood, 
formerly  used  as  an  astringent,  is  the  wood  of 
C^salpin'ia  Echina'ta.  This  is  the  proper 
Brazil  wood;  but  another  variety  in  commerce 
is  the  Brasiletto,  from  Casalpinia  Brasiliensis, 
and  C.  crista,  which  grow  in  the  West  Indies. 

The  Nicaragua  or  peach-icooil,  is  analogous 
to  this,  and  is  said  to  be  derived  from  a  species 
of  Csesalpinia. 

The  kernel  of  CjESAlpis'ia  Bondcjcell'a, 
the  seed  of  which  is  called  in  India  Kutkulrja 
and  Kutoo  Kurunjo,  is  given  as  a  febrifuge 
tonic.     Dose  ten  crrains 

C.ESA'REAN  SECTION  or  OPERATION, 
Tomoto'cia,  Cxsa'rea.  sectio,  Partus  ca?sa'reus, 
Opera' t/o  escsa'rea,  Metrotom'ia,  (F.)  Opt  ration 
Cisarienne,  from  cadere,1  to  cut.'  An  incision 
made  through  the  parietes  of  the  abdomen  and 
uterus  to  extract  the  foetus.  In  this  manner 
Julius  Cffisar  is  said  to  have  been  extracted. — 
Pliny.  It  is  also  called  Hysterotom'ia,  Hyste.ro- 
tomato'eia,  and  Gastrohy sterol' amy,  (F.)  Opera- 
tion Cisarienne.  An  incision  has  been  made 
into  the  uterus  through  the  vagina;  consti- 
tuting the  Vaginal  Ccesarean  Sect.wn,  (F.)  Opi- 
ration  cesarienne  vaginale.  The  Caesarean  Sec- 
tion may  be  required  when  the  mother  dies 
before  delivery; — when  there  is  some  invinci- 
ble obstacle  to  delivery,  from  the  faulty  con- 
formation of  the  pelvis;  or  when  the  child  has 
passed  into  the  abdominal  cavity  in  conse- 
quence of  rupture  of  the  uterus. 

OESAR1ES,  Cnpillus. 
CJBSIUS,  Glaucoma. 


OESONES,  C^ESARES 


123 


CALAMUS  ROTANG 


OESONES,  CJESARES.  Children  brought 
into  the  world  by  the  Ccesarean  operution. 

CyESU'LIJE.     They  who  liave  gray  eyes. 

OESURA,  Cut. 

C.ETCI1U,  Catechu. 

CAF,  Camphor. 

CAFAL,  Agrimony. 

CAFAR,  Camphor! 

CAF  A,  Cuff;' a. 

CAFl  A  LA  SVLTAKE.  This  name  has 
been  given  to  an  infusion  or  decoction  of  the 
ground  corpus  or  pericarps  which  surround  the 
coffee. 

CAF£  CrrillN.  The  aqueous  infusion  of  un- 
roasted  coffee,  so  called  on  account  of  its  yel- 
lowish tint. 

CAFEYER,  Coffea  Arabica. 

CAFFA,  Camphor. 

CAFIER,  Coffea  Arabica. 

CAGAS'TRUM.  The  principle  or  germ  of 
diseases,  which  are  communicable.  Paracel- 
sus. 

CAGNEUX,  Cagot.    See  Kyllosis. 

CAGOSANGA,"lpecacuanha. 

CAGOT,  (F.)  A  name  given  to  deformed 
and  miserable  beings,  met  with  in  the  Pyre- 
nees, Bern,  and  Upper  Gascony  in  France, 
where  they  are  also  called  Capots.  In  other 
districts  they  are  called,  Gizits,  G6zitains,  Cre- 
tins, Gahets,  Capons,  Coiiberts,  Cacous,  Cag- 
neux,  &c.  See  Cretin.  The  word  Cagot  is 
supposed  to  be  an  abbreviation  of  Canis  Gothus, 
'Dog  of  a  Goth.' 

CAGUE-SANCUE,  Caquesangue. 

CAHINCjE  RADIX,  Caincaj  radix. 

CAI'EPUT  or  CAJ'EPUT,  OIL  OF.  Kya- 
put'ty,  Cajupu'ti  Oleum.  The  volatile  oil  of  the 
leaves  of  Melaleu' ca  Cajapu'ti,  a  native  of  the 
Moluccas.  The  oil  has  a  strong,  fragrant 
smell,  like  camphor;  taste  pungent  and  aro- 
matic: limpid.  It  is  stimulant,  and  useful 
where  the  essential  oils  in  general  are  em- 
ployed. It  has  also  been  called  Oil  of  Witne- 
ben,  from  the  person  who  first  distilled  it. 

CAILLEAU,  Lantana. 

CAILLE,  Tetrao  coturnix. 

CAILLEBOTTE,  Curds. 

CAILLELAIT  BLAXC,  Galium  mollugo— 
c.  Vraie,  Galium  verum. 

CAILLOT.  Coagulum. 

CAINANiE  RADIX,  Caincse  radix. 

CAIN'C/E  RADIX,  Radix  Chiococ'cx,  R. 
Catna'nce,  Caninana,  Cahincx,  Kahinca,  Serpen- 
ta'rix  Brazilien' sis,  Cainca  Root.  The  bark  of 
the  roots  of  Cliiococr.'a  anguifuga,  Ch.  densi- 
fo'lia,  and  perhaps  Ch.  raceme/ sa,  a  plant  of  the 
Family  Rubiacese.  Sex.  Sysl.  Pentandria.  Mnno- 
gynia,  of  Linnaius.  It  is  bitter,  tonic,  and  diu- 
retic, but  has  not  been  long  introduced.  Dose 
of  the  powder  from  7)j.  to  gss. 

Dr.  John  H.  Griscom,  of  New  York,  consi- 
ders there  is  a  remarkable  analogy  between 
the  Cainca  and  the  Apocynum cannrwinum. 

CA1NITO,  Chrvsophyllum  Cainito. 

CAIPA  SCHORA.  A  cucurbitaceous  Mala- 
bar plant,  the  fruit  of  which  has  a  pyriform 
shape.  The  juice  is  drunk  in  that  country  for 
the  purpose  of  arresting  hiccough.  The  fruit, 
when  unripe,  is  emetic. 

CAISSE,  Case— c.du  Tambour,  Tympanum. 

CAITCHU,  Catechu. 

CAJAN.  Phaseolus  creticus. 

CAJUPUTI,  Cajeput. 


CAKES,  WORM„STORY'S.  These  were 
composed  of  calomel  and  jufap  ,made  into  cakes, 
and  coloured  with  cinnabar. 

CALABASH  TREE, NARROW-LEAVED, 

Crescentia  Cujete. 

CALADIUM  ESCULENTUM,  Arum  escu- 
lentum. 

CALAF,  Salix  JEgyp'tiaca.  A  large-leaved 
Egyptian  willow,  called,  also,  Ban.  The  dis- 
tilled water  of  the  flowers,  called  Maccihalff, 
passes,  in  that  country,  for  an  excellent  anti- 
aphrodisiac.  It  is  also  used  as  an  anliloimic, 
antiseptic,  and  cordial. 

CALAGERI,  Vernonia  anthelmintica. 

CALAGIRAH,  Vernonia  anthelmintica. 

CALAGUA'L./E  RADIX,  Calague'lse Radix. 
The  root  of  Polypo'dium  Calagua'la,  or  As- 
pid'ium  coria'ceum.  It  has  been  exhibited  in 
Italy  in  dropsy,  pleurisy,  contusions, abscesses, 
&c.    Its  properties  are  not,  however,  clear. 

CALAMBAC,  Agallochum. 

CALAMANDRINA,  Teucrium  chamsedrys. 

CALAMBOUK,  Agallochum. 

CALAME'DON,  from  x*X*/uos,  'a  reed.' 
This  word  has  had  various  significations.  Some 
have  used  it  for  an  oblique  fracture  of  a  bone; 
the  fractured  portions  having  the  shape  of  the 
nib  of  a  pen.  Others  have  used  it  for  a  longi- 
tudinal fracture,  and  others,  again,  for  one  that 
is  comminuted. — Dictionaries. 

CALAMI'NA,  Calamine,  from  calamus,  'a 
reed,'  so  called  from  its  reed-like  appearance. 
Cadmia,  Cathmir,  Cadmia  lapido'sa  aero'sa, 
Cadrnia  Fos'silis,  Lapis  Aero'sus,  Cafim'ia, 
Lapis  Calamina'ris,  Calamina'ris,  Car'bonas 
Zinci  impu'rus,  (F.)  Pierre  calaminair e.  Na- 
tive impure  carbonate  of  zinc.  Calamine  is 
chiefly  used  for  pharmaceutical  purposes  in  the 
form  of  the  Calamina  pr^para'ta,  Lapis  Ca- 
lamina'ris prapara'lus,  Car'bonas  zinci  impu'rus 
prapara'tiis,  Zinci  car'bonas  prxpara'lus,  Pre- 
pared Calamine; — Calamine  reduced  to  an  im- 
palpable powder  by  roasting  and  levigation.  In 
this  state  it  is  sprinkled  or  dusted  on  exco- 
riated parts,  or  to  prevent  excoriation,  &c. 

CALAMINARIS,  Calamina. 

CALAMINT,  Melissa  Calamintha— c.  Field, 
Melissa  nepeta — c.  Mountain,  Melissa  grandi- 
flora — c.  Spotted,  Melissa  nepeta. 

CALAMINTA  HUMILIOR,  Glecoma  hede- 
racea. 

CALAMINTHA,  Melissa  C— c.  Anglica-, 
Melissa  nepeta — c.  Erecta  Virginiana,  Cunila 
Mariana — c.  Magno  flore,  Melissa  grandiflora- 
— c.  Montana,  Melissa  grandiflora — c.  Pulegii 
odore.  Melissa  nepeta. 

CAL'AMUS,  xaX*f<oc,  'the  reed'  In  the 
Pharmacopoeia  of  the  U.  S.  the  rhizoma  of  aco- 
rus  calamus  (q.  v.) 

Calamus  Alexandri'nus.  Celsus  has  thus 
called  a  medicine,  which  was  long  confounded 
with  Calamus  Aromoticus.  It  is  not  a  root, 
however,  but  the  stalk  of  a  plant  of  India  and 
E<jypt,  probably  the  Andropo'gon  JVardns.  It 
entered  into  the  theriaca,  and  has  been  regarded 
antihysteric  and  emmenugogue;  Calamus  aro- 
maticus  verus. 

Calamus  Akomaticus,  Acorns  calamus — c. 
Aroinaticus  verus.  Calamus  Alexandrinus — c. 
Indicus,  see  Saccharum — c.  Odoralus,  Acorua 
calamus,  Jnncus  odoratus. 

Calamus  Rotang.  The  systematic  name  of 
a  plant,  whence  Dragons  Blood,  Sanguis  Dra- 


CALAMUS  SACCHARINUS 


124 


CALCIS  MURIAS 


cn'nis,  Cinnah'aris  Graco'rum,  Dracovthiv'ma, 
(F.)  Sang-Dragon,  is  obtained.  It  is  the  red, 
resinous  juice,  obtained,  in  India,  from  wound- 
ing the  bark  of  the  Calamus  Rotang.  It  has 
been  used  as  an  astringent  in  hemorrhages, 
&c.;  but  is  now  rarely  employed. 

Calamus  Sacchaiiinus,  see  Saccharum. 

Calamus  Scrii'to'uius,  Anag'hjphe,  Ilhom- 
bohiul  Sinus.  'A  Writing  pen,'  (F.)  Fossette 
angulaire  ilu  quatrieme  ventricule.  A  small, 
angular  cavity,  situate  at  the  superior  extremity 
of  the  medulla,  in  the  fourth  ventricle  of  the 
brain,  which  has  been,  by  some,  supposed  to 
resemble  a  pen. 

Calamus  Vulgaris,  Acorus  calamus. 

CALAPPITE.  Rumphius  has  given  this 
name  to  calculous  concretions,  found  in  the  in- 
terior of  some  cocoa  nuts.  The  cocoa  tree  it- 
self the  Malays  call  Ca.la.ppa.  These  stones 
are,  likewise,  termed  Vegetable  Bezoards.  The 
Malays  attribute  potent  virtues  to  them,  and 
wear  them  as  amulets. 

CALASAYA,  Cinchonas  cordifoliae  cortex. 

CALBALA,  Cabal. 

CALBIA'JNUM.  The  name  of  a  plaster  in 
Myrepsus,  the  composition  of  which  we  know 
not. 

CALCADINUM,  Ferri  sulphas. 

CALCAIRE,  Calcareous. 

CALCJIMEO-PHAL.1NGIEN  DU  PETIT 
ORTEIL,  Abductor  minimi  digiti  pedis — c.Pha- 
langinien  commun,  Extensor  brevis  digitorum 
pedis — c.  Sous-phulangetlicii  commun,  Flexor 
brevis  digitorum  pedis — c.  Sous-phalanginicn 
commun,  Flexor  brevis  digitorum  pedis — c.  Sous- 
phalangien  da  petit  orteil,  see  Abductor  minimi 
digiti  pedis — c.  Sus-phalangettien  commun,  Ex- 
tensor brevis  dicitorum  pedis. 

CALCA'NEUM,  from  calx,  '  the  heel.'  Cal- 
caneus, Catcar,  Os  Calcis,  Ptcrna.  The  largest 
of  the  tarsal  bones;  that  which  forms  the  heel. 
It  is  situate  at  the  posterior  and  inferior  part  of 
the  foot;  is  articulated  above  and  a  little  ante- 
riorly with  the  astragalus;  anteriorly,  also,  with 
the  os  cuboides.  Its  posterior  surface, —  called 
Heel,  Talus,  Calx,  (F.)  Talan, —gives  attach- 
ment to  the  tendo  achillis:  the  lower  has,  pos- 
teriorly, two  tuberosities,  to  which  the  superfi- 
cial muscles  of  the  sole  of  the  foot  are  attached. 
The  small  Apopk 'ysis  or  lateral  Apophysis  of  the 
Calca'neum,  (F.)  Petite  Apophyse  ou  Apophyse 
lateral e  du  Calcaneum,  is  a  projection  at  the  up- 
per surface  of  this  bone,  on  which  is  formed  the 
posterior  portion  of  the  cavity,  that  receives 
the  astragalus.  The  great  Apoph'ysis,  anterior 
Apoph'ysis  of  the  Calca'neum  is  the  projection, 
which  corresponds,  on  one  side,  with  the  cu- 
boides; and  on  the  other  forms  the  anterior 
part  of  the  facette,  which  receives  the  astra- 
galus. 

CALCANTHON,  Atramentum. 

CALCAR,  Calcaneum,  Ergot — c.  Avis,  Hip- 
pocampus minor. 

CALCA'REOUS,  Calcofreus,  Calca'rius;  from 
calx,  Mime.'  (F.)  Calcaire.  Containing  lime: — 
as  earcareous  concretions,  C.  depositions,  &c. 

CALCAREUS  CARBONAS,  Greta. 

CALCARIA  CHLORATA,  Calcis  chloridum 
— c.  Ch'lorica,  Calcis  chloridum— c.  Phospho- 
rica,  see  Cornu  cervi — c.  Pura,  Calx— c.  Pura 
liquid.i,  Liquor  ca'cis. 

CALCARI/E  CHLORUM,  Calcis  chloridum. 

CALCATORj  Ferri  sulphas. 


CALCATREPPOLA.  Centanrea  calcitrapa. 

CALCE'NA,  CALCE'NON,  CALCENO'. 
NIA,  CALCINO'JNIA.  Words  employed  by 
Paracelsus,  to  designate  the  concretions  of  tar- 
trate of  lime,  which  form  in  the  human  body. 

CALCENOS,  Calcetus. 

CALCEOLA'RIA,  from  calceolus,  'a  small 
slipper;'  Slipperuwrt. 

Calceolaria  Prima'ta  is  used  in  Peru  as  a 
laxative. 

Calceola'ria  Trif'ida  is  esteemed  to  be 
febrifuge. 

CALCE'TUS,  Calccno'nius,  Calce'nos.  That 
which  abounds  in  tartrate  of  lime.  An  adjec- 
tive used,  by  Paracelsus,  in  speaking  of  the 
blood;  Sanguis  ca/re'tus.  Hence  came  the  ex- 
pression Calcined  blood.  Sang  calcini. 

CALCEUM  EQUINUM,  Tussilago. 

CALCIGEROUS  CELL,  see  Tooth. 

CALCIG'RADUS,  Pternobates,  from  Calx, 
TiTtova,  'the  heel,'  and  (laira,  'I  walk.'  One 
who  walks  on  his  heels. — Hippocr. 

CALCII  CHLORURETUM,  Calcis  murias 
— c.  Oxychloruretum,  Calcis  chloridum— c. 
Oxydum,  Calx  viva — c.  Protochloruretum, 
Calcis  chloridum. 

CALCINATION,  Calcina'do,  Calci'non,  Con- 
crema'tio,  from  calx,  '  lime.'  The  act  of  sub- 
mitting to  a  strong  heat  any  infusible  mineral 
substance,  which  we  are  desirous  of  depriving 
either  of  its  water,  or  of  any  other  volatilizable 
substance,  that  enters  into  its  composition;  or 
which  we  wish  to  combine  with  oxygen.  Alum 
is  calcined  to  get  rid  of  its  water  of  crystalliza- 
tion;— chalk,  to  reduce  it  to  the  state  of  pure 
lime,  by  driving  off  the  carbonic  acid;  and  cer- 
tain metals  are  subjected  to  this  operation  to 
oxidize  them. 

CALCINATUM  MAJUS  POTERII,  Hy- 
drarfvrum  prjecipitatum. 

OALCliNONIA,  Calcena. 

CALCIS  BICHLORURETUM,  Calcis  chlo- 
ridum— c.  Carbonas,  Creta — c.  Carbonas  durus, 
Marmor. 

Calcis  Chlo'ridum  ;  Chlo'ride  of  Lime, 
Calx  chlorina'ta  (Ph.  U.  S.)  Protoxi-chhr'uret 
of  Calcium,  Ca/ca'ria  chlora'ta,  Chlorum  Calca'- 
riot,  Chlorc'tum  Calca'ria,  Calcaria  Chlo'rica, 
Oxrjchlorure'tum  Calcii,  Protocltlorure' 'turn  Cal- 
cii,  Chlar are' turn  Oxidi  Calcii,  Bichlorure'tum 
Calcis,  Oxymu'rias  Calcis,  Bleaching  Powder, 
Pennant's  Powder.  A  compound  resulting  from 
the  action  of  chlorine  on  hydrate  of  lime.  The 
Chloride  of  lime  is  a  most  valuable  disinfect- 
ing agent,  (see  Disinfection.)  when  dissolved 
in  the  proportion  of  one  pound,  to  six  gallons 
of  water.  It  has  likewise  been  employed  both 
internally  and  externally  in  various  diseases, 
as  in  scrofula,  factor  oris,  foul  ulcers,  &c.  &c. 

Calcis  Hepar,  Calcis  sulphuretum. 

Calcis  Murias;  Muriate  of  Lime,  Calx  sa- 
U'ta,  Calcii  Chlorure'tum  seu  Chlo'ridum,  Chlo- 
ride of  calcium.  This  salt  has  been  given,  in 
solution,  as  a  tonic,  stimulant,  &c,  in  scrofu- 
lous tumours,  glandular  obstructions,  general 
debility,  »'v,c.  The  Solu'tio  Muria'tis  Calcis, 
Liquor  Calcis  Muria'tis,  Solution  if  Muriate  of 
Lime,  Liquid  Shell,  may  be  formed  of  muriate  of 
lime  ~j.  dissolved  in  distilled  water  f.  5iij.  The 
Liquor  Calcii  Chloridi,  or  Solution  of  Chlo- 
ride of  Calcium,  of  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the 
United  States,  is  formed  as  follows: — Marble, 
in   fragments,  gix.  Muriatic  acid,  Oj;  Distilled 


C ALOIS  OXYMURIAS 


125 


CALCULI  OF  THE  STOMACH 


water,  a  sufficient  quantity.  Mix  the  acid  with 
a  half  pint  of  the  water,  and  gradually  add  the 
marble.  Towards  the  close  of  the  efferves- 
cence apply  a  gentle  heat,  and,  when  the  ac- 
tion has  ceased,  pour  off  the  clear  liquor  and 
evaporate  to  dryness.  Dissolve  the  residuum 
in  its  weight  and  a  half  of  distilled  water,  and 
filter.  Dose,  from  gtt.  xxx  to  f.  £j  in  a  cupful 
of  water. 

Calcis  Oxvmurias,  Calcis  chloridum. 
Calcis  Sulphurk'tum  ;  Hepar  Calcis,  Sul- 
phuret  of  [Awe,  (F.)  Protfrltydrosulfule  de  Cal- 
cium, Hydrosulfate  de  cliavx.  Principally  used 
in  solution,  as  a  bath,  in  itch  and  other  cutane- 
ous affections. 

CALCITEA,  Ferri  sulphas. 
CALC1TEOSA,    Plurnbi    oxydum   semivi- 
treum. 

CALCITHOS,  Cupri  subacetas. 
CALCITRAPA,    Oentaurea    Oalcitrapa — c. 
Stellata,  Centaurea  calcitrapa. 

OALOITRAPPA,  Delphinium  consolida. 
CALCIUM,  CHLORIDE  OF,  Calcis  rnurias 
— c.  Pratohydrosulphate  de,  Calcis  s,ulphuretum 
— c.  Protoxichloruret  of,  Calcis  chloiidum — c. 
Protoxide  of,  Calx. 

CALCO-SUBPHALANGEUS  MINIMI    DI- 
CFi'l,  Abductor  minimi  digiti   pedis — c.  Sub- 
phalangeus  pollicis,  Abductor  pollicis  pedis. 
CALCOCOS,  Bell  metal. 
CALCOIDEA,  (ossicula,)  Cuneiform  bones. 
CALCOTAR.  Ferri  sulphas. 
CALCVL,  Calculus. 
C1LCULEUX.  Calculous. 
CAL'CULI,   ARTICULAR.     See   Calculi 
Arthritic;  and  Concretions,  Articular. 

Calculi,  Arthrit'ic,  Tophi,  Tuber'cula  ar- 
thrit'ica,  Chalk  stones,  (F.)  Picrres  crayeuses, 
Ca/culs  arthritiques,  Nauds.  Concretions,  which 
form  in  the  ligaments,  and  within  the  capsules 
of  the  joints,  in  persons  affected  with  gout. 
They  are  composed  of  uric  acid,  soda,  and  a 
little  animal  matter;  very  rarely,  urate  of  lime 
and  chloride  of  sodium  are  met  with.  Similar 
calculi  are  found  in  other  parts  besides  the 
joints. 

Cal'culi,  Bil'iarv,  Cal'culi  bilio'sl  seu 
fell'ei  seu  bitia'rii,  Cyslhepatolithi'asis,  BU'iary 
Concre'tions,  Gall-stones,  Choloi'ilhus,  Cholel'i- 
t/ius,  Cho/elilh'ia,  (F.)  Calcvls  biliuires,  Pierres 
aufi.el.  Some  of  these  contain  all  the  materials 
of  the  bile,  and  seem  to  be  nothing  more  than 
that  secretion  thickened.  Several  contain  Pi- 
cromel;  and  the  greater  part  are  composed  of 
from  88  to  94  parts  of  Cholesterin,  and  of  from 
6  to  12  of  the  yellow  matter  of  the  bile.  Bi- 
liary calculi  are  most  frequently  found  in  the 
gall-bladder:  at  other  times,  in  the  substance  of 
the  liver,  in  the  branches  of  the  Ductus  lupati- 
cus,  or  in  the  Ductus  Communis  Cholcdochvs. 
The  first  are  called  Cystic;  the  second  Hepatic; 
and  the  last,  sometimes,  Hepatocystic.  The 
causes  which  give  rise  to  them  are  very  ob- 
scure. Often  they  occasion  no  uneasiness,  and 
at  other  limes  the  symptoms  may  be  confounded 
with  those  of  hepatitis.  At  times,  they  are  re- 
jected by  the  mouth,  or  by  the  bowels,  along 
with  a  considerable  quantity  of  bile,  which  had 
accumulated  behind  them;  at  other  times,  they 
occasion  violent  abdominal  inflammation,  ab- 
scesses, and  biliary  fistula;,  rupture  of  the  gall- 
bladder, and  fatal  effusion  into  the  peritoneum. 
The  passage  of  a  gallstone  is  extremely  painful; 


yet  the  pulse  is  not  affected.  Antiphlogistics, 
when  there  is  inflammatory  action,  and  strong 
doses  of  opium,  to  allay  the  pain  and  spasm, 
with  the  warm  bath,  are  the  chief  remedies. 
Solvents  are  not  to  be  depended  upon.  They 
cannot  reach  the  calculi. 

Cal'ccli  in  the  Ears,  (F.)  Calculs  dc  V  0- 
rcille.  Hard,  light,  and  inflammable  concre- 
tions, which  occur  in  the  meatus  auditorius  ex- 
ternus,  and  are  merely  indurated  cerumen. 
They  are  a  frequent  cause. of  deafness.  They 
can  be  easily  seen,  and  may  be  extracted  by 
appropriate  forceps,  after  having  been  detached 
by  injections  of  soap  and  water. 

Calculi  Fellei,  Calculi,  biliary. 

Cal'ccli,  Lach'rymal,  (F.)  Calculs  lacry- 
maux.  Concretions  sometimes,  but  rarely,  form 
in  the  lachrymal  passages,  where  they  occasion 
abscesses  and  fistula;,  which  do  not  heal  until 
they  are  extracted.  No  analysis  has  been  made 
of  them. 

Calculi  of  the  Mamm/e,  (F.)  Calculs  des 
Mamellcs.  Haller  gives  a  case  of  a  concre- 
tion, of  a  yellowish-white  colour,  which  had  the 
shape  of  one  of  the  excretory  ducts  of  the  mam- 
mary gland,  having  been  extracted  from  an 
abscess  seated  in  that  organ. 

Cal'culi  of  the  Pan'creas,  (F.)  Calculs  du 
Puncreas.  These  are  but  little  known.  Ana- 
logy has  induced  a  belief  that  they  resemble 
the  salivary.  Some  have  supposed  that  certain 
transparent  calculi,  rejected  by  vomiting-,  or 
passed  in  the  evacuations,  have  proceeded  from 
the  pancreas,  but  there  seems  no  reason  for  this 
belief. 

Cal'culi  of  the  Pine'al  Gland,  (F.)  Cal- 
culs de  la  Glande  Pineale,  These  have  been 
frequently  met  with.  No  symptom  announces 
their  presence  during  life.  They  are  composed 
of  phosphate  of  lime. 

Calculi  of  the  Prostate,  Prostatic  cal'- 
culi. These  are  not  very  rare.  They  have  ge- 
nerally the  same  composition  as  the  preceding. 
They  usually  present  the  symptoms  common  to 
every  tumefaction  of  the  prostate,  and  some- 
times those  of  calculi  in  the  bladder. 

Cal'culi  Pul'monarv,  (F.)  Calculs  pul- 
monaires.  These  concretions  are  very  fre- 
quently met  with  in  the  dead  body,  without 
seeming  to  have  produced  unpleasant  symp- 
toms during  life.  At  other  times,  they  are 
accompanied  with  all  the  symptoms  of  phthisis, 
Phthisic  calculeuse  of  Bayle.  At  times,  they  are 
expectorated  without  the  supervention  of  any 
unpleasant  symptom.  They  are  usually  formed 
of  carbonate  of  lime  and  animal  matter. 

Cal'culi  Sal'ivary,  Cal'culi  saliva' les,  Sia- 
lol'ithi,  (F.)  Calculs  salivaires.  Concretions, 
usually  formed  of  phosphate  of  lime  and  ani- 
mal matter,  which  are  developed  in  the  sub- 
stance of  the  salivary  glands  or  in  their  excre- 
tory ducts.  In  the  first  case,  they  may  be  mis- 
taken for  a  simple  swelling  of  the  gland;  in  the 
second,  they  may  be  generally  detected  by  the 
touch.  They  may  be  extracted  by  incision  in 
the  interior  of  the  mouth. 

Cal'culi,  Spermat'ic,  (F.)  Calculs  sper- 
matiquts.  These  have  been  sometimes  found 
in  the  vesicula;  seminales  after  death.  They 
cannot  be  detected  during  life.  No  analysis 
has  been  made  of  them. 

Cal'culi  of  tiik  Stomach  and  Intf.s'tines, 
Enteral' ithus,  E.   Cal' cuius,   Concrc'tio   alci'na, 


CALCULI  OF  THE  TONSILS  126 


CALCULI,  URINARY 


(F.)  Calculs  de  Vestomac,  C.  intestinauXf  Picrres 
stercoraks,  Concretions  intestinales.  Calculi  of 
the  stomach  are  rare,  and  have  almost  always 
been  carried  thither  by  the  antiperistaltic  action 
of  the  intestines.  The  symptoms  occasioned 
by  them  are  those  of  chronic  gastritis.  It  has 
been  imagined  that  the  continued  use  of  ab- 
sorbent powders,  as  magnesia,  will  give  occa- 
sion to  them. 

Intestinal  concretions,  (F.)  Calculs  intcsli- 
naux,  are  not  uncommon  in  animals  (see  Be- 
zoard  :)  but  they  are  rare  in  man.  The  causes 
which  give  rise  to  them  are  little  known: 
sometimes  a  biliary  calculus  affords  them  a 
nucleus.  Their  composition  varies.  They  are 
light,  hard,  very  fetid,  and  not  inflammable. 
They  are  formed,  ordinarily,  between  the  val- 
vulae  of  the  small  intestines,  or  in  the  cells  of 
the  large,  and  sometimes  in  old  hernia?.  Whilst 
they  do  not  obstruct  the  passage  of  the  alimen- 
tary mass,  they  produce  no  unpleasant  symp- 
tom. At  times,  the  movable  tumour  which 
they  form,  may  be  felt  through  the  parietes  of 
the  abdomen.  They  are  generally  evacuated 
per  anum. 

Cai/culi  of  the  Tonsils.  Calculous  con- 
cretions, which  sometimes  form  in  the  tonsils. 
(F.)  Calculs  des  Amygdalcs.  They  are  easily 
recognised  by  the  sight  and  touch:  sometimes 


they  are  discharged  by  spitting,  either  alone 
or  with  the  pus  of  an  abscess  occasioned  by 
their  presence.     They  have  not  been  analyzed. 

Cai/culi,  U'rinauy,  Urol' U hi,  (F.)  Calculs 
urinaires.  Picrrrs  vrinaires.  Concretions,  which 
form  froni  the  crystallizable  substances  in  the 
urine,  and  which"  are  met  with  not  only  in  the 
whole  course  of  the  urinary  passages,  but  in 
fistulous  openings  wherever  the  urine  stagnates 
naturally  or  accidentally.  Their  causes  are  but 
little  known.  They  are  more  common  at  the 
two  extremities  of  life  than  at  the  middle,  and 
more  so  in  some  countries  and  districts  than  in 
others.  At  times,  a  clot  of  blood,  a  portion  of 
mucus,  &c,  will  form  the  nucleus.  The  symp- 
toms and  treatment  vary  according  to  the  seat 
of  the  calculus.  There  is  no  such  thing  pro- 
bably as  a  medicinal  solvent.  See  Urinary 
Calculi. 

Modern  chymists  have  demonstrated  the  ex- 
istence  of  several  components  of  urinary  cal- 
culi, viz.  Lilldc  Acid,  Phosphate  of  Lime,  Am- 
rnoniaco-Mugnesian  Phosphate,  Oxalate  of  Lime, 
Cystic  Oxide,  and  Xanthic  Oxide,  with  an  ani- 
mal cementing  ingredient.  The  varieties  of 
calculi,  produced  by  the  combination  or  inter- 
mixture of  these  ingredients,  are  thus  repre- 
sented by  Dr.  Paris. 


A  TABULAR  VIEW  OF  THE  DIFFERENT  SPECIES  OF  URINARY  CALCULI. 


SPECIES  OF  CA1,- 
<  ULT. 

EXTERNAL  CHARACTERS.                             CHYMICAL  COMPOSITION. 

REMARKS. 

1.    LITIIIC  OR 
URIC. 

Forjh,  a  flattened  oval.      S.  G. 
generally  exceeds    1.500.      Colour, 
brownish   or   fawn-like.      Surface, 
smuoth.     Texture,  laminated. 

It  consisls  piincipally  of  Lit/tic 
.Hcid.    When   tieatej   with    nitric 
acid,  a  beautiful  pink  sub-tance  re- 
sults.    This  calculus  is  slightly  so- 
luble in  water,  abundantly  so  in  the 
pure  alkalies. 

It  is  the  prevailing 
species;  but  the  surface 
sometimes  occurs  fine- 
ly lubeieulated.  It  fre- 
quently constitutes  the 
nuclei  of  the  othtr  spe- 
cies. 

2.   MULBERRY. 

Colour,  dark    brown.      Texture, 
harder  than  that  of  ih.'  oiler  spe- 
cies.   S.  G.  f.om  1.4-28  to  1.970.    Sur- 
face, studded  with  tubercles. 

It  is  oxalate  of  lime,  and  is  deconi- 
p  ised  in  the  flame  of  a  spirit  lamp 
swelling  out  into  a  white  efflores- 
cence, which  is  quicklime. 

This  species  in- 
cludes some  varieties, 
which  are  remarka- 
bly smooth  ami  pale- 
coloured,  resembling 
kemj  seed. 

3.    BONE  EARTH. 

Colour,  pah'  brown  or  gray;  sur- 
face, smooth  and  polished :  sti  ucture, 
regularly   laminated;    the   lamina; 
easily     sepaiating    into     concrete 
-:rus:s. 

Principally  phosphate  of  lime,    li 
is  soluble  in  muriatic  acid. 

4.   TRir-LE. 

Colour,  generally  brilliant  white. 
Surface,     uneven,     studded     with 
-hining  crystals,  less  compact  than 
the  preceding  sp  pies.    Between  its 
laminie  smali  c.  lis  occur,  tilled  wi.h 
sparkling  particles, 

It     is     an     amnioniaeo-maffiiesiaii 
phosphate,    generally    mixed    with 
ph  sphate  of  lime.    Pure  alkalies 
decompose  it,  extracting  its  ammo- 
nia. 

This  species  attains 
a  larger  size  than  any 
of  the  others. 

It  is  very  fusible, 
melting  into  a  vitreous 
globule. 

5.  Fusible. 

Colour.    Grayish  white. 

A  compound  ot  the  two  foiegoing 
species. 

C.    CYSTIC. 

Very  like  the  triple  calculus,  but 
it  is  unst.  atifn  d  and  more  compact 
and  homogeneous. 

It  consists  of  cystic  unite.     Under 
the  blowpipe  it  yitlds  a  peculiarlj 
fetid  odour.     It  is  soluble  in  acids 
and   in   alkalies,  even  if  they  art 
fully  satura  ed  with  carbonic  acid. 

It  is  a  rare  species. 

7.    ALTERNA- 
TING. 

Its  section  exhibits  ..ifi'ereut  con- 
cern i  ic  lamina;. 

Compounded  of  several  species 
alternating  with  each  other. 

8.   COMFOUND. 

No  characteristic  form. 

The    ingredients    aie    separable 
only  by  cbymical  analysis. 

1.  Renal  Calculi,  (F.)  Calculs  rinaux.  These 
have  almost  always  a  very  irregular  shape:  at 
times,  there  will  be  no  indication  of  their  pre- 
sence: at  others,  they  occasion  attacks  of  pain 
in  the  kidneys,  sometimes  accompanied  with 
bloody  or  turbid  urine.  Often,  they  cause  in- 
flammation of  the  kidneys,  with  all  its  unplea- 


sant results.  They  are  generally  formed  of 
uric  acid,  animal  matter,  and  oxalate  of  lime, 
with,  sometimes,  phosphates.  The  treatment 
will  have  to  vary,  according  to  the  absence  or 
presence  of  inflammatory  signs, — relieving  the 
irritation  by  opiates.  A  surgical  operation  can 
rarely  be  applicable. 


CALCULI  OF  THE  UTERUS 


127 


CALENTURAS 


2.  Calculi  in  the  Ureters.  (F.)  Calculs  des 
Ui tltres.  These  come  from  the  kidneys,  and  do 
not  produce  unpleasant  effects,  unless  they  are 
so  large  as  to  obstruct  the  course  of  the  urine, 
and  to  occasion  distention  of  the  whole  of  the 
ureter  above  them;  or  unless  their  surface  is  so 
rough  as  to  irritate  the  mucous  membrane,  and 
occasion  pain,  hemorrhage,  abscesses,  &c. 
The  pain,  during  the  passage,  is  sometimes 
very  violent,  extending  to  the  testicle  of  the 
same  side  in  the  male;  and  occasioning  a 
numbness  of  the  thigh  in  both  sexes.  The  treat- 
ment consists  in  general  or  local  blood-letting, 
warm  hath,  and  opiates. 

3.  Calculi,  Vesical,  Stone  in  the  Bladder, 
Litk'ia  Vesica'lis,  Lithi'asis  cys'tica,  Lithi'asis 
vesicu'lis,  Ci/sto-lithi'asis,  Di/su'ria  calculo'sa, 
D.  irritata,  Cal'culus  vesi'ca,  (F  )  Calculs  visi- 
caux.  These  are  the  most  common.  Some- 
times, they  proceed  from  the  kidneys:  most 
commonly,  they  are  formed  in  the  bladder  itself. 
Sense  of  weight  in  the  perinasum,  and  some- 
times of  a  body  rolling  when  the  patient  changes 
his  position;  pain  or  itching  at  the  extremity 
of  the  glans  in  men;  frequent  desire  to  pass 
the  urine;  sudden  stoppage  to  its  flow;  and 
bloody  urine — are  the  chief  signs  which  induce 
us  to  suspect  their  existence.  We  cannot, 
however,  be  certain  of  this  without  sounding 
the  patient.  Sometimes,  when  of  a  small  size, 
they  are  expelled:  most  commonly,  they  re- 
main in  the  bladder,  the  disorganization  of 
which  they  occasion,  unless  removed  by  a  sur- 
gical operation. 

4.  Calculi,  Ure'thral.  They  almost  always 
proceed  from  the  bladder.  The  obstruction, 
which  they  cause  to  the  passage  of  the  urine, 
the  hard  tumour,  and  the  noise  occasioned 
when  struck  by  a  sound,  indicate  their  presence. 
They  are  removed  by  incision. 

5.  Calculi  bi'Fis'tuluus  Passages.  These  arise 
when  there  is  some  fistulous  opening  into  the 
urethra.  They  can  be  readily  recognised,  arid 
may  generally  be  extracted  with  facility.  (F.) 
Calculs  //lure's  hors  des  voies  urinaires.  See 
Urinary  Calculi. 

Cai/culi  of  the  U'terus.  (F.)  Calculs  de 
I  Uterus.  These  are  very  rare.  The  signs, 
which  indicate  them  during  life,  are  those  of 
chronic  engorgement  of  the  uterus.  Their  ex- 
istence, consequently,  cannot  be  proved  till  after 
death. 

CALCULIFRAGUS,  Lithontriplic. 

CAL'OULOUS,  (F.)  Calculeux,  Graveleux. 
That  which  relates  to  calculi,  especially  to  those 
of  the  bladder. 

CALCULS  BfLIAlRES,  Calculi,  biliary— & 
de  I  Estomac,  Calculi  of  the  stomach — c.  de  la 
Claude  //Male,  Calculi  of  the  pineal  gland— c. 
Intestinaux,  Calculi  of  the  stomach  and  intes- 
tines— c.  Laerymaux,  Calculi,  lachrymal — c.  des 
Mumelles,  Calculi  of  the  mammas— c.  de  I' Oreille, 
Calculi  in  the  ears— c.  du  Pancrias,  Calculi  of 
the  Pancreas — c.  Placds  hors  des  votes  urinaires, 
Calculi  in  fistulous  passages— c.  Pulmonaires, 
Calculi,  pulmonary— e.  Renaux,  Calculi,  renal— 
c.  Sulicaires,  Calculi,  salivary — c.  Spermatiques. 
Calculi,  spermatic—  c-  Urinaires,  Calculi,  uri- 
nary— c.  des  Ureteres,  Calculi  in  the  ureters — 
c.  de  illt&rus,  Calculi  of  the  uterus— c.  Vdsi- 
caux,  Calculi,  vesical. 

CAL'CULUS,  Lapis,  Lithos,  ?.i$c?.  A  di- 
minutive of  calx,  a  lime  stone.      (F.)   Calcul, 


Pierre.  Calculi  are  concretions,  which  may 
form  in  every  part  of  the  animal  body,  but 
which  are  most  frequently  found  in  the  organs 
that  act  as  reservoirs,  and  in  the  excietory 
canals.  They  are  met  with  in  the  tonsils, 
joints,  biliary  ducts,  digestive  passages,  lachry- 
mal ducts,  mammas,  pancreas,  pineal  gland, 
prostate,  lungs,  salivary,  spermatic  and  urinary 
passages,  and  in  the  uterus.  The  causes  which 
give  rise  to  them  are  obscure. 

Those  that  occur  in  reservoirs  or  ducts  are 
supposed  to  be  owing  to  the  deposition  of  the 
substances,  which  compose  them,  from  the  fluid 
as  it  passes  along  the  duct;  and  those  which 
occur  in  the  substance  of  an  organ  are  regarded 
as  the  product  of  some  chronic  irritation.  Their 
general  effect  is  to  irritate,  as  extraneous  bodies, 
the  parts  with  which  they  are  in  contact;  and  to 
produce  retention  of  the  fluid,  whence  they  have 
been  formed.  The  symptoms  differ,  according 
to  the  sensibility  of  the  organ  and  the  irnpor* 
tance  of  the  particular  secretion  whose  discharge 
they  impede.  Their  solution  is  generally  imprac- 
ticable :  spontaneous  expulsion  or  extraction  is 
the  only  way  of  oettino-  rid  of  them. 

CAL'CULUS  BEZOAR,  Bezoard— c.  Encys- 
ted, Calcul  chatonni —  c.  Vesicse,  Calculus, 
vesical. 

CALDAS,  WATERS  OF.  Caldasis  a  small 
town,  ten  leagues  from  Lisbon,  where  are  mine- 
ral springs;  containing  carbonic  and  hydrosul- 
phuric  acid  gases,  carbonates  and  muriates  of 
lime  and  magnesia,  sulphates  of  soda  and  lime, 
sulphuret  of'iron, silica, and  alumina.  They  are 
much  used  in  atonic  gout.  They  are  thermal. 
Temperature  93°  Fahrenheit. 

CALDE'RL'E  ITAL'IC^E.  Warm  baths  in 
the  neighbourhood  of  Ferrara,  in  Italy,  much 
employed  in  dysuria. 

CALEBASSES,  Cucnrbita  lagenaria. 

CALEFA'CIENTS,  Calrfacien'tia,  Tkerman'- 
tica,  from  calidus,  'warm,'  and  facia,  '  I  make.' 
(F.)  Echavffants.  Substances  which  excite  a 
degree  of  warmth  in  the  part  to  which  they  are 
applied,  as  mustard,  pepper,  &c.  They  belong 
to  the  class  of  stimulants. 

CALEFACTIO,  Echuufement. 

CALENDULA  ALITiNA.  Arnica  montana. 

Calen'dula  Arven'sis,  Cal tha Arvin' sis ,  Wild 
Mar'igold  (F.)  Souci  des  Charnps.  This  is, some- 
times, preferred  to  the  last.  Its  juice  has  been 
given,  in  the  dose  of  from  f.  *;j  to  f.^iv,  in  jaun- 
dice and  cachexia. 

Calen'dula  Officinalis,  C.  Sati'va,  Chrij- 
san' themum, Sponsa sot 'is ,  Calthavulga'  ris ;  Single 
Mar'igold,  Garden  Mar'igold.  Family,  Synan- 
therefE,Syngenesia  necessaria,  Linn.(F.)  Sottci. 
So  called  from  flowering  every  calcnd.  The 
flowers  and  leaves  have  been  exhibited  as  ape- 
rients, diaphoretics,  &c,  and  have  been  highly 
extolled,  of  late,  in  cancer. 

CALENDULA  MARTIALES,  Ferrum  am- 
moniatum. 

CALENTU'RA,  from  cal  ere,  'to  be  warm.' 
The  word,  in  Spanish,  signifies  fever.  A  spe- 
cies of  furious  delirium  to  which  sailors  are 
subject  in  the  torrid  zone  : — a  kind  of  phrenitis, 
the  attack  of  which  comes  on  suddenly  after 
a  broiling  day,  and  seems  to  be  characterized  by 
a  desire  in  the  patient  to  throw  himself  into 
the  sea.     It  is  only  a  variety  of  phrenitis. 

CALENTU'RAS;  Palo  de  Calentu'ras.  Po- 
met  and   L<':mery  say,  that  these   words   are, 


CALF  OF  THE  LEG 


123 


CALVER'S  PHYSIC 


sometimes,  applied  to  cinchona.     Camelli  says, 
they  mean,  also,  a  tree  of  the  Philippine  Isles, 
the  wood  of  which  is  bitter  and  febrifuge. 
CALF  OF  THE  LEG,  Sura. 
CJiLICE,  Calix. 

CALICES  REjYALES.     See  Calix. 
CALICO  BUSH,  Kalmia  latifolia. 

CALIDARIUM.     See  Stove. 

CAL1DUM  AN1MALE,  Animal  heat— c. 
Innatum,  Animal  heat. 

CALIGATIO,  Dazzling. 

CALI'GO.  'A  mist.'  Achlys.  (F.)  Brouil- 
lard.  An  obscurity  of  vision,  dependent  upon 
a  speck  on  the  cornea:  also,  the  speck  itself; 
Caligo  cor'nex,  Mac'ula  cornea,  M.s'emipcllu'cida, 
Phtlunma  caligo,  C.  a  nephel'io,  Rtbctu'do  visus, 
C.  a  leuco'male,  Neb'ula.  (q.  v.)  Opalce  cornea, 
Web-eye.  (F.)  JYouagc  de  la  Cornee,  Taye,  Ob- 
scurcissement  de  la  vue. 

Caligo  Lentis,  Cataract — c.  Pupilla?,  Syne- 
zisis — c.  Synizesis,  Synezisis — c.  Tenebrarum, 
Hemeralopia. 

CALIHACHA  CANELLA,  Laurus  cassia. 

CALIX,  Infandib'ulum,  from  x.z\r£,  'a  cup.' 
(F.)  Calice,  Entonnoir.  Anatomists  have  given 
this  name  to  small  membranous  canals,  which 
surround  the  papilla;  of  the  kidney,  and  open 
into  its  pelvis,  whither  they  convey  the  urine; — 
Cdliccs  relinks,  Cylind'ri  membmnu'eei  Rennm, 
Fis'lulo?.  urc'terum  renum,  Canales  membra' nei 
Renum,  Tu'buli  pelvis  renum.  Their  number 
varies  from  0  to  12  in  each  kidney. 

Calix  Vomitoria,  Goblet,  emetic. 

CALLEUX,  Callous. 

CALLICOCCA  IPECACUANHA,  Ipecacu- 
anha. 

CALLICREAS,  Pancreas. 

CALLIOMARCHUS,  Tussilago. 

CALLIP/E'DIA,  from  x.ctXog,  '  beautiful,'  and 
none,  naiSuc,  'a  child.'  The  art  of  begetting 
beautiful  children.  This  was  the  title  of  a  poem 
by  Claude  Quillet,  in  1655.  Ca/lipsedia  sive  de 
pulchra.  prolis  habenda  ratione.  The  author  ab- 
surdly supposes,  that  the  beauty  of  children  is 
affected  by  the  sensations  which  the  mother 
experiences  during  her  pregnancy. 

CALLIPERS  OF  BAUDELOCQUE,  see 
Pelvimeter. 

CALLIPESTRIA.  Cosmetics. 

CALLIPHYLLUM,  Asplenium  trichoma- 
noides. 

'     CALLOSITAS, Induration— c.  Palpebrarum, 
Scleriasis. 

CALLOSITY,  Catlos'itas,  Sajros,  Tylo'ma, 
Ti/Io'sis,  Dermatol' yhis,  Ecphy'ma  Callus.  Hard- 
ness, induration,  and  thickness  of  the  skin, 
which  assumes  a  horny  consistence,  in  places 
where  it  is  exposed  to  constatit  pressure.  (F.) 
Durillon.  Also  that  induration,  which  is  ob- 
served in  old  wounds,  old  ulcers,  fistulous  pas- 
sages. &c. 

CALLOUS,  Callo'sus,  Ochtho'drs,  from  eal- 
lus,  'hardness.'  (F.)  Callevx.  That  which  is 
hard  or  indurated.  A  Callous  Ulcer,  is  one 
whose  edores  are  think  and  indurated. 

CALLUNA  VULGARIS,  Erica  vuWis. 

CALLUS  orCALUSorCALLUM.  (F.)  Cal. 
The  bony  matter,  thrown  out  between  the  frac- 
tured extremities  of  a  bone,  which  acts  as  a 
cement,  and  as  a  new  bony  formation.  The 
words,  are,  likewise,  used  occasionally  in  the 
same  sense  as  Callosity. 

CALMAjYTS,  Sedatives. 


CALME,  (F.)  The  interval  that  separates 
the  paroxysms  of  an  acute  or  chronic  disease. 
When  the  type  is  intermittent,  the  word  inter- 
mission is  used. 

CALOMBA,  Calumba. 
CALOMELANOS  TORQUETI,  Hydrargyri 
submurias. 

Calomklanos  Tcjrqueti.  A  name  given  by 
Riveri us  to  purgative  pills,  prepared  with  calo- 
mel, sulphur,  and  resin  of  jalap. — Dictionaries. 

CALOMELAS,  Hydrargyri  submurias. 
CALO'NIA,  y.almvia,.     An  epithet  formerly 
given  to  myrrh  — Hippocr.     See  Myrrha. 

CALOPH  YLLUM  1NOPHYLLUM,  see  Fa- 
gara  octandra. 

CALOR,  Heat — c.  Animalis,  Animal  heat. 
CALORICIT£,(F.)  Calorid'itas.  The  faculty 
possessed  by  living  bodies,  of  generating  a  suf- 
ficient quantity  of  caloric,  to  enable  them  to 
resist  atmospheric  cold,  and  to  preserve,  at  all 
times  and  in  every  part,  a  temperature  nearly 
equal.     See  Animal  Heat. 

CALORIFICA'TION,  Calorifica'tio,  from 
color,  'heat,'  and  fieri,  'to  become.'  The  func- 
tion of  producing  animal  heat. 

CALORWkSES,  from  color,  'heat.'  The 
name  under  which  M.  Baurhes  proposes  to  ar- 
range all  diseases,  characterized  by  a  sensible 
chano-e  in  the  quantity  of  animal  heat.  The 
Calorinhes  form  the  first  class  of  his  Nosology. 

CALOTROPIS  GIGANTEA,Mudar— c.Mu- 
darii,  Mudar. 

CALOTTE,  (F.)  Pile'olum.  Anatomists  some- 
times ffive  the  name — Calotte  apontvrotique — 
to  the  aponeurosis  of  the  occipito-fronlalis  mus- 
cle, which  covers  it  externally  ;  and  that  of  Ca- 
lotte du  crane  to  the  scu/lcap. 

Calotte  is  also  applied  to  an  adhesive  plaster, 
with  which  the  head  of  a  person  labouring 
under  tinea  capitis  is  sometimes  covered,  after 
the  hair  has  been  shaved  off.  This  plaster  is 
pulled  suddenly  and  violently  off,  in  order  to 
remove  the  bulbs  of  the  hair.  It  means,  also, 
a  sort  of  coif  made  of  boiled  leather,  worn  by 
those  who  have  undergone  the  operation  of 
trepan,  &c. 

CALOTTE  D'JSSURJJYCE,  Condom. 

CALTHA  ALP1NA,  Arnica  montana— c.  Ar- 
vensis,  Calendula  arvensis — c.  Vulgaris,  Ca- 
lendula officinalis. 

CALTROPS,  see  Trapa  natans. 

CALUM'BA,  Colom'bo,  Calom'ba,  Colom'ba, 
(Ph.  U.  S  ;)  Columbo,  Radix  Columhx.  (F.) 
Calumbc  ou  Colum.be.  The  root  of  Menisper1- 
mum  pahna'tum,  Coc'cidus  palma'lus,  indige- 
nous in  India  and  Africa.  Its  odour  is  slightly 
aromatic;  taste  unpleasantly  bitter.  It  is  tonic 
and  antiseptic.     Dose,  gr.  10  to  Zj.  in  powder. 

Calumba,  American,  Frase'ra  IValtrri.  F. 
Cinofinicn'sis,  (F.)  Officinalis,  Swer'tia  difj'orm'- 
is,  Sw. Frase'ra,  American  or  Marietta  Colombo, 
Indian  Lettuce,  Yellow  Gentian,  Golden  Krai, 
Meadow  pride,  Pyramid,  is  used  in  the  same 
cases  as  the  true  Calumba. 

CALUS,  Callus. 

CALVA.  Cranium. 

Calva,  Calra'ria.  The  cranium;  —  the  up- 
per part  especially; — the  Vault  of  the  Cranium, 
Cam' era . 

CALVARIA,  Cranium. 

CALVA'TA  FERRAMEN'TA.  Surgical  in- 
struments, which  have  a  head  or  button. 

CALVER'S  PHYSIC,  Leptandria  Viro-inica. 


CALV1TIES 


129 


CAMPSIS  DEPRESSIO 


CALVF'TIES,  Calvi"tium,  Pkalacrtfsis,  Gla- 
bri'ties,  Opki'asis,  Dcpi/u'lio  Capitis,  Bhala- 
cro'iun,  Madaro'sis,  &c.  from  ealvus,  'bald.' 
(F.)  Chauveti.  Absence  of  hair,  particularly 
at  tJie  top  of,  and  behind  the  bead.  Calvi"tics 
palpebrarum: — loss  of  tbe  eye-lashes. 

CALX,  Lime,  Ca'rium  Tense,  Protox'ide  of 
Cal'cium,  Cat'caria  pura.  The  lime,  employed 
in  pharmacy,  should  be  recently  prepared  by 
calcination. 

Calx,  see  Calcaneum — c.  Cblorinata,  Calcis 
cbloridum — c.Cum  kali  puro,Potassa  cum  calce 
— c.  Salita,  Calcis  murias — c.  Bismuthi,  Bis- 
muth, subnitrate  of. 

Calx  e  Testis;  lime  prepared  from  shells. 
It  has  probably  no  medicinal  advantages 'over 
that  prepared  from  marble. 

Calx  Viva,  Oxfidum  Cakii,  Calx  recens,  Fu- 
mans  nix,  Calx  vsta,  Calx  et  Calx  viva.  Lime 
or  Quicklime.  (F.)  Cltaux  vive.  The  external 
operation  of  calx  viva  is  escharotic,  but  it  is 
rarely  used.  Lime  is  a  good  disinfecting'  agent. 
It  is  employed  internally  in  the  form  of  Liquor 
Calcis,  (q.  v.) 

CALYSTEGIA  SOLDANELLA,  Convolvu- 
lus soldanella. 

CAMARA,  Calva. 

CAMAREZ,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Carnarez  is  a  small  canton  near  Sylvanes,  in 
the  department  of  Aveyron,  France,  where 
there  are  some  acidulous  chalybeates. 

CAMARO'SIS,  Camaro'ma,  from  y.*nctnx,  'a 
vault;'  Camera!  do,  Testudina'tio  Cranii.  A 
species  of  fracture  of  the  skull,  in  which  the 
fragments  are  placed  so  as  to  forma  vault,  with 
its  base  resting  on  the  dura  mater. —  Galen, 
Paulus  of  ^Egina. 

CAMBING.  A  tree  of  the  Molucca  Islands, 
from  the  bark  of  which  a  kind  of  gum-resin  ex- 
udes, which  has  been  highly  extolled  in  dysen- 
tery. It  appears  to  have  some  resemblance  to 
tbe  simarouba. —  Rumpbius. 

CAMBIUM,  '  Exchange.'  A  name  formerly 
given  to  a  fancied  nutritive  juice,  which  was 
supposed  to  originate  in  the  blood,  to  repair 
the  losses  of  every  organ,  and  produce  their  in- 
crease.—  Sennertus. 

CAMBO,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  A  vil- 
lage in  the  department  of  Basses  Pyrenees, 
France,  where  there  are  two  mineral  springs; 
the  one  an  acidulous  chalybeate,  the  other  sul- 
phureous.   Temperature,  02°  to  09°  Fahrenheit. 

CAMBODIA,  Cambogia. ' 

CAMBO'GIA,  from  Cambodia,  in  the  East 
Indies,  where  it  is  obtained.  Hence,  likewise, 
its  names  Camho'dia,  Cambo' gium,  Gambo'gia, 
Gambo'irium,  Gambu' gium.  It  is  called,  also, 
Gulla,  Gulta  gamba,  Gummi  Gutla,  Cutagnu'na, 
Callagau'ma,  Chryso'pus,  Lnxati'vus  Indicus, 
Gummi  Bogia,  G.  gamau'drx,  G.  de  Goa,  G. 
de  Jcmu,  Chilta  jemoco,  Gutla  Gamundrx, 
(,'  iniim  i  ad  Pad' agram.Cambogeox  Gamboge,  &c. 
(F.)  Gumme  Gutte.  Ord.  Guttiferse.  A  yellow 
juice  obtained  from  StaJagmi'tis  Cambogio'Udes 
and  other  plants  of  the  natural  family  Guttiferse, 
but  it  is  not  known  from  which  of  them  the 
officinal  Gamboge  is  obtained.  It  is  inodorous, 
of  an  orange  yellow  colour  ;  opake  and  brittle: 
fracture  glassy;  is  a  drastic  cathartic,  emetic, 
and  anthelmintic;  and  is  used  in  visceral  ob- 
structions and  dropsy,  and  wherever  powerful 
hydragogue  cathartics  are  required.    Dose  from 


gr.  ij.  to  vi.  in  powder,  united  with  calomel, 
squill.  &c. 

CAMBU'CA,  Camluc'ca  membra' la.  Buboes 
and  venereal  ulcers,  seated  in  tbe  groin  or  near 
the  genital  organs. — Paracelsus.     See  Bubo. 

CAMELEE,  Cneorum  tricoccum. 

CAMERA,  Chamber,  Fornix,  Vault— c.  Cor- 
dis, Pericardium. 

CAMERATIO,  Camarosis. 

CAMIlNGA,  Canella  alba. 

CAMISIA  FCETUS,  Chorion. 

CAMISOLE,  Waistcoat,  strait. 

CAMMARUS,  Crab. 

CAMOMILLE  FETIDE,  Anthemis  cotula 
—  c.  Puante,  Anthemis  cotula — c.  Romaiuc, 
Anthemis  nobilis — c.  des  Teinturiers,  Anthemis 
tinctoria — c.  Vulgaire.  Matricaria  chamomilla. 

CAMOSIERS,  WATERS  OF.  C.  is  a  can- 
ton, two  leagues  from  Marseilles,  where  are 
springs  containing  carbonate  of  lime,  sulphur, 
chloride  of  sodium,  &c.  They  are  purgative, 
and  used  in  skin  complaints. 

CAMPAGNE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Campagne  is  in  the  departmentof  Aude, France. 
The  waters  contain  sulphate  and  chlorohydrate 
of  'magnesia.     Temperature  80°  Fahr. 

CAMPAN'ULA.  Diminutive  of  Campa'na. 
A  bell. 

Campanula  Trache'lium,  Canterbury  Bell 
or  Throatwort,  was  formerly  used,  in  decoction, 
in  relaxation  of  the  fauces.  It  is,  also,  called 
Cervical  ria. 

CAMPE,  Flexion. 

CAMPHIRE.  Camphor. 

CAMPHOR,  from  Arab.  Caphur  or  Kam'phur, 
Cam'phora,  Cam'phura,  Caffa,  Caf,  Cufar, 
Cuph'ora,  Al/afor,  Camphire,  Camphor,  fyt.  (F.) 
Camphre.  A  concrete  substance,  prepared,  by 
distillation,  from  the  Laurus  Cam'phora,  an  in- 
digenous tree  of  the  East  Indies.  Order,  Lau- 
rinem.  Its  odour  is  strong  and  fragrant :  it  is 
volatile,  not  easily  pulverizable  ;  texture  crys- 
talline. Soluble  in  alcohol,  ether,  oils,  vine- 
gar; and  slightly  so  in  water.  Its  properties 
are  narcotic,  diaphoretic,  and  sedative.  Dose, 
gr.  v.  to  9j.  Dissolved  in  oil  or  alcohol,  it  is 
applied  externally  in  rheumatic  pains,  bruises, 
sprains,  &c. 

Camphor  Water,  Mistura  Camphora?. 

CAMPHOR  ATA  HIRSUTA  SEU  MON- 
SPELIENSIUM,  Camphorosma  monspeliaca. 

CAMPH'ORATED,  Camphora'tus,  (F.)Cam- 
phre\.  Relating  to  camphor;  containing  cam- 
phor; as  a  camphorated  smell,  a  camphorated 
di  aught. 

CAM'PHOROSMA  MONSPELIACA,  from 
Camphor,  and  0270/,  'odour.'  Scla'go,  Cam- 
phora'la  hirsu'la  seu  Monspelicn' slum,  Hairy 
Camphor os' ma,  (F.)  Camphrte  de  Montpellier. 
Family,  Atriplicete.  Sea;.  Syst.  Tetrandria  Mono- 
gynia.  This  plant,  as  its  name  imports,  has  an 
odour  of  camphor.  It  is  regarded  as  diuretic, 
diaphoretic,  cephalic,  antispasmodic,  &c.  It  is 
also  called  Chamxpcuce.  and  Stinking  Ground 
Pine. 

CAMPHRE,  Camphor. 

CAMPHRE,  Camphorated. 

CAMPHRE  DE  MONTPELLIER,  Cam- 
phorosma monspeliaca. 

CAMFSIS, x.*jurpic,Flex'io,  Curva'tio,  Inflfx'- 
io.  Rone  or  cartilage,  forcibly  bent  from  its 
proper  shape,  without  breaking. — Good. 

Campsis  depressio,  Depression. 


CAMPYLORRHACHIS 


130 


CANCER 


CAMPYLOR'RHACHIS;    from     tmatvUg, 

crooked,'  and  pa/i;,  -spine.'  A  monster, 
whose  spine  is  crooked. — Gurlt. 

CAMPYLORRHI'NUS;      from     xa/unvXog, 
'  crooked,'  and  piv,  'nose.'     A  monster  whose 
nose  is  crooked. — Gurlt. 
CAMPY  LOTIS,  Cataclasis. 
CAMPYLUM.  Cataclasis. 
CAMUS  (F.)  Simus,  Resi'mus.     One  who  lias 
a  short  nose.     The  French  speak  of  Nez  camus, 
'  short  nose.' 

CANAL,  Cana'lis,  Ductus,  Mca'tus,  Poros, 
Och'elos,  (F.)  Conduit.  A  channel,  for  afford- 
ing passage  to  liquids  or  solids  or  to  certain  or- 
gans. 

Canal,  Alimen'tary  or  Diges'ttve,  Cana'lis 
ciba'rius  vel  digesti'vus,  Diges'tive  Tube,  Alimen- 
tary Duct  or  Tube,  Ductus  ciba'rius.  The  canal 
extending  from  the  mouth  to  the  anus. 

Canal,  Arachnoi'dian,  Cana'lis  Bichal'ii, 
Canal  of  Bichat.  A  canal  formed  by  the  exten- 
sion of  the  arachnoid  over  the  transverse  and 
longitudinal  fissures  of  the  brain,  and  which 
surrounds  the  vena  magna  Galeni. 

CANAL  ARTdRIEL,  Arterial  duct— c.  de 
Bartholin,  Ductus  Bartholinus — c.  of  Bichat. 
Canal,  arachnoidian — c.  Bullular,  of  Petit,  God- 
ronne  canal — 3.  Carotidien,  Carotid  canal — c. 
Chol&doque,  Choledoch  duct — c.  Goudronne,  Go- 
dronni,  canal — c.  Hipatique,  Hepatic  duct — c. 
Infra-orbitar,  Suborbitar  canal — c.  Inflexe  del'os 
temporal,  Carotid  canal — c.  Intermidiare  des 
ventriculcs,  Aquoeductus  Sylvii. 

Canal,  Intes'tinal.  Cana'lisseu  Ductusin- 
testina'lis.  The  portion  of  the  digestive  canal, 
formed  by  the  intestines. 

CANAL  DE  PETIT,  Godronni.  canaf—c 
Pulmo-aortique,  arterial  Duct — c.  Rachidian, 
Vertebral  canal. 

Canal  of  Schlemm.  A  minute  circular  ca- 
nal, discovered  by  Professor  Schlemm,  of  Ber- 
lin. It  is  situate  at  the  point  of  union  of  the 
cornea  and  sclerotica. 

Canal  Spinal,  Vertebral  canal — c.  Spiroide 
de  L'os  temporal,  Aquajductus  Fallopii — c.  de 
Stcnon,  Ductus  salivalis  superior — c.  Thoracique, 
Thoracic  duct — c.  Vcineux,  Canal,  venous — c. 
Vulvo-uterine,  Vagina — c.  de  Wartlton,  Ductus 
salivalis  inferior. 

Canal  Venous,  Cana'lis  seu  Ductus  veno'sus, 
(F.)  Canal  veineux.  A  canal,  which  exists  only 
in  the  fcetus.  It  extends  from  the  bifurcation 
of  the  umbilical  vein  to  the  vena  cava  infe- 
rior, into  which  it  opens,  below  the  diaphragm. 
At  times,  it  ends  in  one  of  the  infrahepatic 
veins.  It  pours  into  the  cava  a  part  of  the 
blood,  which  passes  from  the  placenta  by  the 
umbilical  vein.  After  birth,  it  becomes  a  fibro- 
cellular  cord. 

CAN  ALES  CIRCU  LARES,  Semicircular 
canals— c.  Lachrymales,  Lachrymal  ducts — c. 
Membranei  renum,  see  Calix — c.  Tubeeformes, 
Semicircular  canals. 

CANALICULATUS,  Cannil'e,  Grooved. 

CANALICULI  LACHRYMALES,  Lachry- 
mal ducts — c.  Limacum,  Lachrymal  ducts — c. 
Semicircularcs,  Semicircular  canals. 

CANALIS  ARTERIOSUS,  Arterial  duct— c. 
Bichatii,  Canal  arachnoidian — c.  Canaliculars, 
Gorget — c.  Caroticus,  Carotid  canal — c.  Lacry- 
malis,  Lachrymal  or  nasal  duct — c.  Medius, 
Aqnceductus  Sylvii — c.  Nerveus  fistulosus  re- 
num, Ureter — c.-Orbilee  nasalis,  Lachrymal  or 


nasal  duct— c.  Scalarum  communis,  Infundibu- 
luin  of  the  cochlea— c.  Urinarius,  Urethra— c. 
Vidianus,  Pterygoid  canal. 

CANALS,  NUTRITIVE  or  FOR  THE  NU- 
TRITION OF  BONES,  Ductus  nutn'ai,  (F.) 
Canavx  nour riders  oil  de  Nutrition  des  os.— 
Conduits  nuvrriciers  ou  nulriciers.  The  canals, 
through  which  the  vessels  pass  to  the  bones. 
They^are  lined  by  a  very  fine  lamina  of  com- 
pact texture,  or  are  formed  in  the  texture  itself. 
There  is.  generally,  one  large  nutritious  canal 
in  a  lono-  bone,  situate  towards  its  middle. 

CANAPACIA,  Artemisia  vulgaris. 

CANARIES,  CLIMATE  OF.  The  climate  of 
the  Canaries  greatly  resembles  that  of  Madeira. 
That  of  the  latter  is  however  more  equable,  and 
the  accommodation  for  invalids  much  superior. 

CANARY-SEED,  Phalaris  Canadensis. 

CANAUX  AQUEUX,see  Aqueous— c.  Demi- 
circulaires,  Semicircular  canals — c.  EjaculaUurs, 
Ejaculatory  ducts — c.  Nourriciers,  Canals,  nu- 
tritive— r.  dc  Nutrition  des  os,  Lanals,  nutritive. 

CANAUX  DE  TRANSMISSION.  Accord- 
ino-  to  Bichat,  the  bony  canals  intended  to  give 
passage  to  vessels  and  nerves  going  to  parts 
more  or  less  distant;  as  the  Cana'lis  Carot'icus, 
&c. 

CANAUX  VEJNEUX.  Venous  Canals.  The 
canals  situate  in  the  diploe,  which  convey  ve- 
nous blood. 

CAN'CAMUM.  A  mixture  of  several  gums 
and  resins,  exported  from  Africa,  where  it  is 
used  to  deterge  wounds.  Dioscorides  calls,  by 
the  name  y.ay/.a^iov,  the  tears  from  an  Arabian 
tree,  which  are  similar  to  myrrh,  and  of  a  dis- 
agreeable taste.  He  advises  it  in  numerous 
diseases.  This  name  is  given,  also,  to  the  Anime, 
(q.  v.) 

CANCAMY.  Anime. 

CANCEI/LI.  La/ticc-icoik.  The  Cellular  or 
Spongy  Texture  of  Bonts,  (F  )  Tissu  celluleux', 
consisting  of  numerous  cells,  communicating 
with  each  other.  They  contain  a  fatty  matter, 
analogous  to  marrow.  This  texture  is  met  with, 
principally,  at  the  extremities  of  long  bones; 
and  some  of  the  short  bones  consist  almost 
wholly  of  it.  It  allows  of  the  expansion  of  the 
extremities  of  bones,  without  adding  to  their 
weight;  and  deadens  concussions. 

CANCEL'LUS,  from  cancer,  'a  crab.'  A 
species  of  crayfish,  called  the  Wrong  Heir,  and 
Bernard  the  Hermit:  which  is  said  to  cure  rheu- 
matism, if  rubbed  on  the  part. 

CANCER,  y.ctqy.irog,  Car'cinos,  Lupus  cancro'- 
sus,  Ulcus  cancro'sum,  '  a  crab.'  (q.  v.)  A  dis- 
ease, so  called,  either  on  account  of  the  hideous 
appearance  which  the  ulcerated  cancer  presents, 
or  on  account  of  the  great  veins  which  sur- 
round it,  and  which  the  ancients  compared  to 
the  claws  of  the  crab;  called  also  Carcino'ma. 
It  consists  of  a  scirrhous,  livid  tumour,  inter- 
sected by  firm,  whitish,  divergent  bands:  and 
occurs  chiefly  in  the  secernent  glands.  The 
pains  are  acute  and  lancinating,  and  often  ex- 
tend to  other  parts.  The  tumour,  ultimately, 
terminates  in  a  fetid  and  ichorous  ulcer.  It  is 
distinguished,  according  to  its  stages,  into  oc- 
cult and  open;  the  former  being  the  scirrhous, 
the  latter  the  ulcerated  condition.  At  times, 
there  is  a  simple  destruction  or  erosion  of  the 
organs,  at  others,  an  encephaloid  or  (cribriform, 
and  at  others,  again,  a  colluid  degeneration. 


CANCER  AQUATICUS 


131 


CANCEROUS 


For  its  production,  it  requires  a  peculiar  dia- 1  The  use  of  irritants,  in  cancerous  affection?, 
thesis,  or  cachexia.  The  following  table  exhi-  is  strongly  to  be  deprecated.  When  the  disease 
bits  the  characters  of  the  three  species  of  carci-  is  so  situate  that  excision  can  be  practised,  the 
noma,  from  Dr.  Walshe:  I  sooner  it  is  removed  the  better. 


Encephaloid. 

Resembles  tabulated  ccrebial  mat- 
ter. 

Is  commonly  opaque  fiom  its  ear- 
liest lb  mation. 

Is  of  a  dead  white  colour. 

Contains  a  multitude  of  minute 
vessels. 

la  less  hard  and  dense  thin  scir- 
rhus. 

Is  frequently  found  in  the  veins 
issuing  from  the  diseased  mass. 

The  predominant  microscopical 
elements  are  globular,  not  alway- 
disiinctly  cellular,  and  caudate  cor 
|iu-<  ula. 

Occasionally  attains  an  enormous 
bulk 

Has  been  observed  in  almost  every 
tissue  of  the  body. 

Very  commonly  coexists  in  several 
parts  or  organs  of  the  same  subject 

Is  remark. ible  for  its  occasional 
vn>t  rapidity  of  growth. 

Is  frequently  the  seat  of  inters  itial 
hemorrhage  and  deposition  of  black 
or  bistre-coloured  matter. 

When  softened  into  a  p::lp  appears 
as  a  dead  white  or  pink  opaque  mat- 
ter of  creamy  consistence. 

Subcutaneous  tumours  care  slow  to 
contract  adh  sion  with  the  skin. 

Ulci  rated  encephaloid  is  frequent 
ly  the  seat  of  hemorrhage,  followed 
by  rapid  fungous  development. 


The  progress  of  the  disease  after 
ulceration  is  commonly  very  rapid. 

It  is  the  most  common  form  under 
which  secondary  cancer  exhibits  it- 
self'. 

Is  the  species  of  cancer  most  fre- 
quently observed  in  young  subjects. 


Resembles  rind  of  bacon  traversed 
>y  Cf  llulo-fibrous  septa. 
Has  a  semitianspare.nt  glossiness. 

Has  a  clear  whitish  or  bluish  yel- 
low tint. 

Is  comparatively  ill-supplied  with 
vessels. 

Is  exceedingly  firm  and  dense. 


Has  not  been  distinctly  di  tccted  in 
this  siiuatiou. 

The  main  microscopical  constitu 
ems  are  juxtaposed  nuclear  cells: 
caudate  corpusculado  not  exist  in  it. 

Rarely  acquires  larger  dimensiom 
than  an  otanue. 

Its  seat,  as  ascertained  by  observa- 
tion, is  somewhat  more  1  mitcd. 

Is  not  unusually  solitary. 

Ordinarily  grows  slowly. 

Is  comparatively  rarely  tho  seat  of 
these  changes. 

Resembles,  when  softened,  a  yel- 
lowish brown  semitratupaient  gela- 
tinous matter. 

gcirrhus  thus  situate  usually  be- 
comes adherent. 

cirrhons  ulcers  much  less  fre- 
quently give  rise  to  homo,  rhage;  and 
fungous  growths  (provided  they  re- 
tain the  scirrhous  character,  are  now 
more  slowly  and  less  abundantly  de- 
veloped. 

There  is  not  such  a  remarkai  le 
change  in  the  rate  of  progress  of  the 
disease  after  ulceration  has  set  in. 


Is  nflich  less  common    before  pu 
berty. 


ColLid. 

Has  t lio  appearance  of  particles  of 
jelly  inlaid  in  a  regular  alveolar  bed 

The  contained  matter  is  strikingly 
[transparent. 

I    Greenish  yellow  is  its  predominant 
[hue. 

Its  vessels  have  not  been  sufli 
cient  y  examined  as  yet. 

The  jelly-like  matter  is  exceedingly 
soft;  a  colloid  mass  is,  however,  firm 
and  resisting. 

The  pufaceous  variety  has  been 
detected  in  the  veins. 

Is  composed  of  shells  in  a  state  of 
mboitemcnt. 


Observes  a  mean  in  this  respect. 

Has  so  far  been  seen  in  a  limited 
number  of  parts  only 

Has  rarely  been  met  with  in  more 
than  one  organ. 

Grows  with  a  medium  degree  of 
rapidity. 


Undergoes  no  visible  change  of  the 
kind. 


Has  so  far  been  observed  in  adulis 
only. 


Cancer  Aquat'icus,  Gan'grenoas slomati'tis, 
Cancrum  Oris,  Gungrxnop'sis,  Canker  of  the 
month,  Gangrenous  soremoulh,  Sloughing  Pha- 
gedena (if  the  month,  Water  Canker.  Called, 
also,  Aphthae  serpen' tes,  Gangrx'na  Oris, Noma, 
Stomac'ace  gangrae.no' sa,  Cheiloc'acl,  Uloc'ace, 
Cheilomala'cia,  Scorbu'tus  Oris,  Slomatomala'cia 
pu'trida,  Stomatoscp'sis,  Slomutonecro'sis,  Car- 
Oun'culus  labio'rum  et  gcna'ium.  <^-c.  (F.)  Can- 
cer aquatiqve,  Stomatite  gavgr6nev.se,  S.  Chtir- 
lonneuse,  Gangrene  de  la  Bouchc,  Sphacele  de 
la  Bouc.he,  Figarile,  Jjpthe  gangrinevx.  Cer- 
tain sloughing  or  gangrenous  ulcers  of  the 
mouth, — so  called,  perhaps,  because  they  are 
often  accompanied  with  an  afflux  of  saliva. 
The  disease  is  not  uncommon  in  children's  asy- 
lums, and  demands  the  same  treatment  as  hos- 
pital gangrene; — the  employment  of  caustics, 
and  internal  and  external  antiseptics. 

CANCER  JlQUATlQUE,  Cancer  aqualicus, 
Stomacace — c.  Astacus,  see  Cancrorum  chelae 
— c.  Black,  Melanosis — c.  Caminariorum,  Can- 
cer, chimney  sweepers' — c.  Cerebri  for  me,  see 
Encephaloid. 

Canceu.  Chimney-sweepers',  Sooticart,  Can- 
cer mundilo'rum,  Cancer  pwgato'ris  inf tunic  uli , 
Cancer  scroti,  Cancer  caminario'rum,  Oscheacar- 
cino'ma,  (F.)  Cancer  des  Ramoneurs.    This  af- 


fection begins  with  a  superficial,  painful,  irre- 
gular ulcer,  with  hard  and  elevated  edges,  oc- 
cupying the  lower  part  of  the  scrotum.  Extir- 
pation of  the  part  affected  is  the  only  means  of 
effecting  a  cure. 

Cancer,  Davidson's  Remedy  for,  see  Coni- 
um  rnaculatum— c.  du  Foie,  Hepalosarcomic. 

Cancer  Gale'ni,  (F.)  Cancer  de  Ga/ien.  A 
bandage  for  the  head,  to  which  Galen  gave  the 
name  Cancer,  from  its  eight  heads  resembling, 
rudely,  the  claws  of  the  crab.  It  is  now  sup- 
plied by  the  bandage  with  six  chefs  or  heads, 
which  is  called  the  Bandage  of  Galen  or  B.  of 
the  Poor. 

CANCER  DE  GALIEN,  Cancer  Galeni 
—  c.  lntestinorum,  Enteropathia  cancerosa — 
c.  des  Intestins,  Enteropathia  cancerosa — c. 
of  the  Lung,  Phthisis,  cancerous — c.  Lupus, 
Lupus — c.  Mollis, see  Encephaloid — c.  Mundito- 
rum,  Cancer,  chimney-sweepers' — c.  Oris,  Sto- 
macace— c.  Ossis,  Spina  ventosa — c.  Purgato- 
ris  infumiculi,  Cancer,  chimney-sweepers' — c. 
Scroti,  Cancer,  chimney-sweepers' — c.  Soft, 
Ha?mafodes  fundus— c.  Uteri,  Metro-carcinoma. 

CANCEREUX,  Cancerous. 

CANCER.  ROOT,  Orobanche  Virginiana, 
Phytolacca  decandra. 

CAN'CEROUS,  Cancro'sus,  (F.)  Cancireux. 


CANCHALAGUA 


132 


CANNELLE 


Relating  to  cancer;  as  Cancerous  ulcer,  Cancer- 
ous Diathesis,  &c. 

CANCHALAGUA,  Caehenlaguen,  Cochin 
lagua,  Chance  lasua.  Erylhr&fn  Chilen'sis.  A 
bitter  Chili  plant,  which  is  considered  nperient, 
sudorific,  stomachic,  vermifuge,  and  febrifuge. 

CANCRENA,  Gangrene. 

CAN'CROID,  Cancidi'deus,  from  cancer  and 
ctdog,  'form.'  That  which  assumes  a  cancer- 
ous appearance.  A  name  given  to  certain  cu- 
taneous cancers  by  Alibert:  called  also,  Cheloid 
or  Keloid  (/i?.ug,  'a  tortoise,'  and  ti<?;c,  'like- 
ness,') from  their  presenting  a  flattish  raised 
patch  of  integument,  resembling  the  shell  of  a 
tortoise. 

CANCRO'RUM  CHELAE,  Oc'uli  vel  Lap'- 
ides  Cuncro'rum,  Lapil'li  cancro'rum,  Concre- 
men'ta,  Jis'laci  ftuviat'ilis,  CraUs  stones  or  eyes, 
(F.)  Yeux  d'ecrevise.  Concretions  found,  par- 
ticularly, in  the  Cancer  As'tacus  or  Crayfish. 
They  consist  of  carbonate  and  phosphate  of 
lime;  and  possess  antacid  virtues,  but  not  more 
than  chalk. 

CANCROSUS,  Cancerous,  Chancrcuse. 

CANCRUM  ORIS,  Cancer  aquaticus,  Sto- 
macace. 

CANDELA  FUMALIS,  Pastil— c.  Medicata, 
Bougie — c.  Regia,  Verbascum  nigrum. 

CANDELARIA.     Verbascum  nigrum. 

CANDI,  Caivlinn,  Canthum.  Caution;1  ■white, 
bleached,  purified.'  Purified  and  crystallized 
sugar.     See  Saccharum. 

CANDIDUM  OVI,  Albumen  ovi. 

CANE,  SUGAR.  See  Saccharum — c.  Sweet, 
Acorus  Calamus. 

CAJYELE,  Grooved. 

CANELEA.     See  Canella  alba. 

Canel'la  Alba,  diminutive  of  Canna,  'a 
reed,'  so  called  because  the  bark  is  rolled  up 
like  a  reed.  Cortex  Winlera'nus  spu'rius,  Ca- 
nella Cuba'na,  C.  Wintera'nia,  Cinnamo'mum  al- 
bum, Cortex  Antiscorbu'ticus,  C.  Aromat' icus , 
Costus  cortico'sus,  Camin'ga,  Canella  of  Lin- 
naeus, and  of  Ph.  U.  S.,  Canella  Bark,  Canella, 
(F.)  Canelle  ou  Canelle  blanche,  Fausse  Jicorce 
de  Winter,  licorce  Cariocostine.  Fam.  Magnoli- 
aceae.  Sex,  Sijst.  Dodecandria  Monogynia.  This 
bark  is  a  pungpnt  aromatic.  Its  virtues  are 
partly  extracted  by  water;  entirely  by  alcohol. 
It  is  a  stimulant,  and  is  added  to  bitters  and  ca- 
thartics. 

Canella  Cakyophyllata,  Myrtus  caryo- 
phyllata — c.  Cubana,  C.  alba,  Laurus  cassia — 
c.  Malabarica  et  Javensis,  Laurus  cassia. 

CANELLIFERA  MALABARICA,  Laurus 
cassia. 

CAJYEPIJY.  (F.)  A  fine  lamb's  skin  or  goat's 
skin,  used  for  trying  the  quality  of  lancets. 

CANICACEOUS,  Furfuraceotis. 

CANTC.E.  Meal,  in  which  there  is  much 
bran.  Also,  course  bread;  or  bread  in  which 
there  is  much  bran — Panis  Canica'ceus. 

CANICIDA,  Aconitum. 

CANIC'ULA;  the  Dogstar,  from  ranis,  'a 
dosr;'  2eioioc,  Sirius,  (F.)  Caniculc.  This  star, 
which  gives  its  name  to  the  Dogdaijs,  because 
they  commence  when  the  sun  rises  with  it,  was 
formerly  believed  to  exert  a  powerful  influence 
on  the  animal  economy.  The  Dog-days  occur 
at  a  period  of  the  year  when  there  is  generally 
great  and  oppressive  heat,  and  therefore — it  has 
been  conceived — a  greater  liability  to  disease. 

CAN  IF,  Knife. 


CANIN,  Canine. 

CANlNANiE  RADIX,  Caincee  radix. 

CANINE,  Cani'nus,  Cyn'icus,  xvny.og,  from 
canis,  'a  dog,'  (F.)  Canin.  That  which  has  a 
resemblance  to  the  structure,  &c.  of  a  dog. 

Canine  Fossa,  Fossa  Cani'na,  (F.)  Fosse  Ca- 
nine. A  small  depression  on  the  superior  max- 
illary bone,  above  the  dens  caninus,  which  gives 
attachment  to  the  caninus  or  levator  unguli  oris 
muscle. 

Canine  Laugh,  Sardon'ic  laugh,  Risus  Ca- 
ni'nus, Risus  Sardon'icus,  Sardi'usis,  Sardoni'- 
asis,  (F.)  Ris  canin,  sardonique,  moqucur.  A 
sort  of  laugh,  the  facial  expression  of  which 
is  produced  particularly  by  the  spasmodic  con- 
traction of  the  Caninus  muscle.  Probably,  this 
expression,  as  well  as  Cynic  spasm,  Cani'nus 
spasmus,  may  have  originated  in  the  resem- 
blance of  the  affection  to  certain  movements 
in  the  upper  lip  of  the  dog. 

Canine  Teeth,  Denies  Cani'ni,  Cynodon'tes, 
D.  Lania'rii,  D.  angula'res,  cuspida'ti,  columel- 
la'res,  ocula'res,  morden'tes,  Eye  Teeth,  (F.) 
Dents  canines,  laniaires,  angulaires,  oculaires, 
a>illeres,  ou  conoides.  The  teeth  between  the 
lateral  incisors  and  small  molares  of  each  jaw; 
— so  named  because  they  resemble  the  teeth  of 
the  dog. 

CANINUS,  Levator  anguli  oris — c.  Sentis, 
Rosa  canina. 

CAN  1  RAM,  Strychnos  nux  vomica. 

CANIRUBUS,  Rosa  canina. 

CANIS  INTERFECTOR,  Veratrum  saba- 
billa — c.  Ponticus,  Castor  fiber. 

CANFTIES,  from  canus,  'white.'  Whiteness 
or  grayness  of  the  hair,  and  especially  of  that  of 
the  head,  (F.)  Canitie.  When  occurring  in 
consequence  of  old  age  it  is  not  a  disease. 
Sometimes,  it  happens  suddenly,  and  appa- 
rently in  consequence  of  severe  mental  emo- 
tions. The  causes,  however,  are  not  clear. 
See  Poliosis. 

CANKER,  Stomacace — c.  of  the  mouth, 
Cancer  aquaticus — c.  water,  Cancer  aquaticus. 

CANNA,  see  Tous-les-Mois,  Cassia  fistula, 
Trachea — c.  Brachii,  Ulna — c.  Domestica  cru- 
ris, Tibia — c.  Fistula,  Cassia  fistula — c.  Indica, 
Sagittarium  alexipharmacum — c.  Major,  Tibia 
— c.  Minor, Fibula,  Radius — c.  Solutiva,  Cassia 
fistula. 

CANNABIS  INDICA,  Bangue.  See,  also, 
Churrus  and  Gunjah. 

Can'nabis  Sati'va,  (F.)  Chanrre,  Chamhrie. 
The  seed  of  this — Hempseed,  Sem'ina  Can'nabis, 
(F.)  Chenevis,  is  oily  and  mucilaginous.  The 
decoction  is  sometimes  used  in  gonorrhoea. 

CANNACORUS  RADICE  CROCEA,  Cur- 
cuma longa. 

CANJVAMELLE,  see  Saccharum. 

CAJYNE  AROMATJQUE,  Acorus  calamus— 
c.  Congo,  Costus— c.  de  Riviere,  Costus — c.  a 
Sucre,  see  Saccharum. 

CANNEBERGE,  Vaccinium  oxycoccos— c. 
Ponctue'e,  Vaccinium  vitis  idsea. 

CANNELA  ou  CANEL&  (F.)  from  cana'lis, 
'a  canal;'  Sulca'lus,  Stria' tus,  Canalicula'tus. 
Having  a  canal  or  groove — as,  31/tsc/e  cannele 
(Lieutaud,)  the  Gemini;  Corps  canneles  ou 
stries,  the  Corpora  striata;  Sonde  canneUe,  a 
grooved  sound,  &c.     See  Grooved. 

CANNELLE,  Laurus  cinnamomum  —  c. 
Blanche,  Canella  alba — c.  de  fa  Chine,  Laurus 
cassia — c.  de    Coromandcl,  Laurus    cassia — c. 


CANNULA 


133 


CAPITELLIUM 


Fausse,  Laurus  cassia — c.  Girofec,  Myrtus  ca- 
ryophyllata — c.  des  Indcs,  Lauras  cassia — c.  dc 
Java,  Laurus  cassia — c.  de  Malabar,  Lauras 
cassia — c.  Matte,  Laurus  cassia — c.  Officinale, 
Laurus  cinnaniomurn — c.  Poivree,  see  Wintera 
aroma  tica. 

CANNULA,  Canula. 

CANOPUM,  see  Sambucus. 
CANTABRICA,  Convolvulus  cantabrica. 

CANTA BRUNO,  Furfur. 

CANTARELLUS,  Meloe  proscarabams. 

CANTATIO,  Charm. 

CANTERBURY,  WATERS  OF.  Aqua.  Can- 
tuarien'scs.  The  waters  of  Canterbury  in  Kent, 
England,  are  impregnated  with  iron,  sulphur, 
and  carbonic  acid. 

CANTER1UM,  Canlherius. 

CANTHARIDE  TACHETAE,  Lytta  vittata. 

CANTHARIDINE,  see  Cantharis. 

CAN'THARIS,  from  y.avSaqos,  'a  scar  alee' us;' 
Musca  Hispan'ica,  Mtl'oe  vesicato'rius,  Cantha- 
ris vesieato' r ia ,  Lytta  vesieato' ria ;  Blistering  Fly, 
Spanish  Fly,  Fly,  (F.)  Canlharidrs,  Mourhes,M. 
d  Espagne.  This  fly  is  much  employed  in  me- 
dicine. It  is  the  most  common  vesicatory. 
Given  internally,  and  even  when  absorbed  from 
the  skin,  it  affects  the  urinary  organs,  exciting 
strangury.  This  may  be  prevented,  in  cases  of 
blisters,  by  interposing  between  the  blistering 
plaster  and  skin  a  piece  of  tissue  paper.  Dilu- 
ents will  relieve  the  strangury.  Dose,  half  a 
grain  to  one  grain.  If  kept  dry,  the  flies  will 
retain  their  activity  for  many  years.  Their  ac- 
tive principle,  Can'tharidin,  Cantharidi'na,  has 
been  separated  from  them. 

Canthakis  Vittata,  Lytta  vittata. 

CANTHE'RIUS,  Cante'rium.  The  cross 
piece  of  wood  in  the  apparatus,  used  by  Hippo- 
crates for  reducing  luxations  of  the  humerus. 

CANTHI'TIS.  Inflammation  of  the  Canthus 
of  the  eye. 

CANTHUM,  Candi. 

CANTHUS,  y.urdoQ,  Epican'this,  An'gulus 
ocu/a'ris;  the  corner  or  angle  of  the  eye.  The 
greater  canthus  is  the  inner  angle,  Hir'quvs, 
Rhanttr ;  the  lesser  canthus,  the  outer  angle, 
Paro'pia.,  Pcra. 

CANTIA'NUS  PULVTS.  A  cordial  powder, 
known  under  the  name,  '  Countess  of  Kent's 
powder,'  composed  of  coral,  amber,  crab's  eyes, 
prepared  pearls.  &c.     It  was  o-iven  in  cancer. 

CANTION,  Candi. 

CAN'ULA.  or  CAN'NULA,  Au'liscos,  Aulas 
Diminutive  of  Carina,  'a  reed;'  Tu'bulus,  (F.) 
Canule  ou  Cannule.  A  small  tube,  of  gold,  sil- 
ver, platinum,  iron,  lead,  wood,  or  elastic  gum, 
used  for  various  purposes  in  surgery. 

CAOUTCHOUC.  The  Indian  name  for  In- 
dian Rubber,  Elastic  Gum,  Cum  Elastic,  Cau- 
rlntr.  Resi'na  elasftica,  Cayenne  Resin,  Cautchu'c. 
A  substance  formed  from  the  milky  juice  of  the 
a  (seu  Hevea)  Qvianen'sis,  Jat'ropha  elas'- 
tica,  (Sipho'nia  Cahuchu,)  S.  elas'tica,  Ficus  In- 
dica.  and  Artocar'pus  integrifo' lia: — South  Ame- 
rican trees.  It  is  insoluble  in  water  and  alco- 
hol; but  boiling  water  softens  and  swells  it.  It. 
is  soluble  in  the  essential  oils  and  in  ether, 
when  it  may  be  blown  into  bladders.  It  is  used 
in  the  fabrication  of  catheters,  bougies,  pessa- 
ries, <fcc. 

CA  PA-ISIAKKA:  Bromelia  ananas. 

CAP  BERN,  WATERS  OF.  C.  is  in  the 
department  Hautos-P3r6ne.es,  France.    The  wa- 


ters contain  sulphates,  and  carbonates  of  lime 
and  magnesia,  and  chloride  of  magnesium. 
Temperature,  75°  Fahrenheit.  They  are  pur- 
gative. 

CAFELET,  Myrtus  caryophyllata. 

CAPELIjYE;  'A  Woman's  Hat;  in  French; 
Capis'trum,  from  caput,  'head.'  A  sort  of  band- 
age, which,  in  shape,  resembles  a  riding-hood. 
There  are  several  kinds  of  Captlines.  1.  That 
of  the  head,  C.  de  la  tele.  See  Bonnet  d'Hip- 
pociate.  C.  of  the  clavicle,  employed  in  frac- 
tures of  the  acromion,  clavicle  and  spine  of  the 
scapula.  C.  of  an  amputated  limb — the  bandage 
applied  round  the  stump. 

CAPER  BUSH,  Capparis  spinosa. 

CAPER  PLANT,  Euphorbia  Lathyris. 

CAPERS,  see  Capparis  spinosa. 

CAPETUS,  Imperforation. 

CAPHORA,  Camphor. 

CAPILLAIRE,  Capillary,  see  Adiantum 
capillus  veneris  —  c.  du  Canada,  Adiantum 
pedatum  —  c.  de  Montpellier,  Adiantum  capil- 
lus veneris. 

CAPILLAMEN'TUM,  from  Capil'lus,  'a 
hair,"  Capilli"tium,  Tricho'ma,  Trichoma' 'Hon, 
Any  villous  or  hairy  covering.  Also,  a  small 
fibre  or  fibril. 

CAPTLLARY,  Capilla'ris,  Capilla'ceus,  from 
capil'lus,  'a  hair.'  (F.)  Capillairc.  Hair-like; 
small. 

Cap'illary  Vessels,  (F.)  Vaisseaux  capil- 
laires,  are  the  extreme  radicles  of  the  arteries 
and  veins,  with  perhaps  a  sponoy  tissue  or  pa- 
renchyma between  the  two.  These,  together, 
constitute  the  Capillary,  intermediate,  or  periph- 
eral vascular  system.  In  this  system,  secretion 
and  nutrition  are  performed,  and  animal  heat  is 
probably  elicited.  They  possess  an  action  dis- 
tinct from  that  of  the  heart,  and  are  the  seat  of 
febrile,  inflammatory  and  other  diseases. 

CAPILEATIO,  Trichismus. 

CAPILLATUS,  Impuber. 

CAPILLITIUM,  Capillamentum,  Entropion, 
Scalp. 

CAFILLORUM  DEFLUVIUM,  Alopecia. 

CAPIL'LUS,  quasi  Capitis  Pilus,  Coma, 
Clitefe",  Crinis,  Pilus,  Thrix,  Ccesa'ries,  (F.)  Che- 
ven.  This  term  is  generally  applied  to  the  hair 
of  the  head,  the  characters  of  which  vary,  ac- 
cording to  races,  individuals,  &c.  Hairs  arise 
in  the  cellular  membrane,  where  the  bulb  is 
placed,  and  are  composed  of  two  parts— one, 
external,  tubular,  and  tiansparent,  of  an  epi- 
dermoid character;  the  other,  internal  and  sui 
generis,  which  communicates  to  them  their 
colour.  The  hair  is  insensible,  and  grows  from 
the  root. 

CAPir.r.us  Canadensis,  Adiantum  pedatum. 

CAPIPLE'NIUM,  from  caput,  'the  head,' 
and  plenum,  '  full.'  A  word,  employed  with 
different  significations.  A  variety  of  catarrh. — 
Schneider.  A  heaviness  or  disorder  in  the  head 
common  at  Rome,  like  the  nccoij^laQia,  Carebaria, 
of  the  Greeks. — Baglivi. 
CAPISTRATIO.  Phimosis. 
CAP1STRUM,  Cupeline,  Chevcstre,  Trismus 
— c.  Auri,  Borax. 

Capis'trum,  Phimos,  Cemos,  y.'fio;,  'a  halter.' 
This  name  has  been  given  to  several  bandages 
for  the  head. — See  Cupeline,  Chovestre. 

CAPITA  LIA  REMEDIA,  Cephalic  remedies. 
CAPITA  LIS,  Cephalic. 
CAPITELLIUM,  Alembic. 


CAP1TELLUM 


134 


CAPUT 


CAP1TELLUM,  see  Caput. 

CJiPITEUX.  Heady. 

CAPITILU'VIUM,  from  caput,  'the  head,' 
and  lamre,  to  <  wash.'     A  hath  for  the  head. 

CAPI'FO'NES,  from  caput, '  the  head.'  Foe- 
tuses whose  heads  are  so  large  as  to  render  la- 
bour difficult. 

CAPITULUM,  Alembic,  Condyle,  see  Caput 
—  c.  Marlis,  Ery  ngium  campestre — c.  Santorini, 
Corniculum  laryngis. 

CAPlTULUVllJM.  Bath,  (head.) 

CAPN1SMOS,  Fumigation. 

CAPNIT1S,  Tutia. 

CAPNORCHIS,  Fumaria  bulbosa. 

CAPNOS,  Fumaria. 

CAP  OK,  Cugot. 

CAPOT,  Co  got. 

CAP'PARIS  SPINO'SA,  Cap'paris,  Cappar, 
Ca'prin,  Prickly  Caper  Bush,  (F.)  Caprier.  Fa- 
mily,  Capparidece.  Sex.  Syst.  Polyandria  Mo- 
nogynia.  The  bark  of  the  root,  and  the  buds 
have  been  esteemed  astringent  and  diuretic. 
The  buds  are  a  well  known  pickle. —  Capers, 
(F.)  Caprcs. 

Capparis  Batiuc'ca,  Baduk'ka.  A  species  of 
caper,  cultivated  in  India  on  account  of  the 
beauty  of  its  flowers.  The  Orientals  make  a 
liniment  with  its  juice,  with  which  they  rub 
pained  parts.     The  flowers  are  purgative. 

CAPPONE,  WATERS  OF.  At Cappone, in 
the  isle  of  Ischia,  are  waters  containing  carbo- 
nate of  soda,  chloride  of  sodium  and  carbonate 
of  lime.     Temp.  100°.  Fah. 

CAPREOLA'RIS,  from  capreolus,  'a  tendril,' 
Cisso'ides,  Elico'idcs,  (F.)  Capreolaire.  Twisted. 

Capreola'ria,  Vasa.  Some  have  called  thus 
the  spermatic  arteiies  and  veins,  on  account  of 
their  numerous  contortions. 

CAPREOLUS,  Helix. 

CYPRES,  see  Capparis  spinosa. 

CAPRI  A,  Capparis  spinosa. 

CAPRICORN  US,  Plumbum. 

CJiPRIER,  Capparis  spinosa. 

CAPRIFOLIA,  Lonicera  periclymenum. 

CAPRILOQUIUM.  Egophony. 

CAPRI'ZANS,  Dorcadrixon,ioQxaiitmv.  That 
which  leaps  like  a  goat.  An  epithet  used  by  He- 
rophilus  for  the  pulse  when  irregular  and  un- 
equal. 

CAPS  A ,  Butte,  Capsule,  Case — c.  Cordis,  Pe- 
ricardium. 

CAPSICUM,  see  Capsicum  annuum. 

Cap'sicum  An'nudm,  from  xami»,  'I  bite.' 
The  systematic  name  of  the  plant  whence  Cay- 
enne Pepper  is  obtained. — Piper  In'dicum,  Sufa'- 
num  vrrns,  Siliquas'trum  Plin'ii,  Piper  Brazilia'- 
nvm,  Piper  Gvineen'sB,  Piper  Ca/ecu'ticum,  Pi- 
per Tur'cicum,  C.  Hispan' icum,  Piper  Lusitan'- 
inun,  Cayenne  Pepper,  Guin'ea  Pepper,  (F.) 
Piment,  Fuirrc  a" hide,  Poivrc  de  Guinee,  Co- 
rail  iles  Jurdins.  The  pungent,  aromatic  pro 
perties  of  Baccce  Cap'sici,  Capsicum  Berries, 
Capsicum  (Ph.  U.S.),  are  yielded  to  ether,  alco- 
hol, and  water.  They  are  highly  stimulant  and 
rubefacient,  and  are  used  as  a  condiment. 
Their  active  principle  is  alcaloid,  and  is  called 
Capsicin. 

Capsicum  Hispanicum,  Capsicum  annuum. 

CAPSIQVE,  Capsicum  annuum. 

CAPSITIS,  Phacitis. 

CAPSULA,  Dottier— c.  Articularis,  Capsular 
liffament— c.  Cordis,  Pericardium — c.  Dentis, 
Dental  fullicle — c.  Nervorum,  Neurilemma. 


CAPSULiESEMINALES,  Vesicular  S. 

CAPSULAIRE,  Capsular. 

CAP'SULAR.  Relating  to  a  capsula  or  cap- 
sule, Capsnlalris,  (F.)  Capsulaire. 

Capsular  or  Suprarenal  Arteries  and 
Veins.  Vessels,  belonging  to  the  suprarenal 
capsules.  They  are  divided  into  superior,  mid- 
dle, and  inferior.  The  first  proceed  from  the 
inferior  phrenic,  the  second  from  the  aorta 
itself,  and  the  third  from  the  renal  artery.  The 
corresponding  veins  enter  the  phrenic,  vena 
cava,  and  renal. 

Capsular  Lig'ament,  Ligamen'tum  capsu- 
la're,  Cap'sula  articula'ris,  Artic'u/ar  capsule, 
Fibrous  capsule,  &c,  (F.)  Ligament  capsulaire, 
Capsule  articulaire,  Capsule  fibreux,  &c.  Mem- 
branous, fibrous,  and  elastic  bags  or  capsules, 
of  a  whitish  consistence,  thick,  and  resisting, 
which  surround  joints. 

CAPSULE,  Cap'sula,  Capsa,  a  box,  or  case, 
(F.)  Capsule.  This  name  has  been  given,  by 
anatomists,  to  parts  bearing  no  analogy  to  each 
other. 

Capsule,  Fibrous,  Capsular  ligament. 

Capsule.  Gelat'inous,  Cap'sula  gelat'inx, 
Capsule  of  gelatin.  A  recent  invention  by 
which  copaiba  and  other  disagreeable  oils  can 
be  enveloped  in  gelatin  so  as  to  conceal  their 
taste. 

Capsule  of  Glisson,  Cap'sula  Glisso'nii, 
C.  commu'nis  Glisso'nii,  Vagi'na  Portae,  V. 
Glisso'nii.  A  sort  of  membrane,  described  by 
Glisson,  which  is  nothing  more  than  dense  cel- 
lular membrane  surrounding  the  vena  porta  and 
its  ramifications  in  the  liver. 

Capsule  of  the  Heart,  Cap'sula  cordis.  The 
Pericardium,  (q.  v.) 

Capsule,  Renal  or  Supra-rf.'nal  or  Atra- 
bil'iarv,  Renal  Gland,  Glan'dula  suprarena'lis, 
Cap'sula  rena'lis,  suprarena'lis  vel  atrabi/ia'ris, 
Ren  sucrenturi.a'tus,  (F.)  Capsule  surrenale  ou 
atrabiliaire.  A  flat, triangularbody, which  covers 
the  upper  part  of  the  kidney,  as  with  a  helmet. 
A  hollow  cavity  in  the  interior  contains  a  brown, 
reddish  or  yellowish  fluid.  The  renal  capsules 
were  long  supposed  to  be  the  secretory  organs 
of  the  fancied  atrabilis.  They  are  much  larger 
in  the  foetus  than  in  the  adult.  Their  uses  are 
not  known. 

Capsule,  Sem'inal,  Capsula  seminal lis.  Bar- 
tholine  thus  designates  the  extremity  of  the 
vas  deferens,  which  is  sensibly  dilated  in  the 
vicinity  of  the  vesicoloe  seminales.  Some  ana- 
tomists apply  this  name  to  the  vesiculee  them- 
selves. 

Capsule,  Syno'vial,  Capsula  Synovia' lis.  A 
membranous  bag,  surrounding  all  the  movable 
articulations  and  canals,  which  gives  passage  to 
tendons.  Synovial  capsules  exhale,  from  their 
articular  surface,  a  fluid,  whose  function  is  to 
favour  the  motions  of  parts  upon  each  other. 
See  Bursa  Mucosa,  and  Synovia. 

CAPSULE  SURR&XALE  OU  ATRABl- 
L1ARE,  Capsule,  renal. 

CAPSULITIS,  see  Phacitis. 

CAPUCHON,  Trapezius. 

CAPUCINE,  Tropreolum  majus. 

CAl'ULUS,  Scrotum. 

CAPUT,  '  the  head,'  fq.  v.)  Also  the  top  of 
a  hone  or  other  part,  (F.)  Tele.  The  bead  of 
the  small  bones  is  sometimes  termed  capi/'ulum, 
capitell'um,  cephalid'ium,  cephaHum.  Also,  the 
glans  penis. 


CAPUT  ASPEILE  ARTERLE 


135 


CARBONIS  SULPHURETUM 


Caput  Asper*  Arterije,  Larynx. 

Caput  Galmnag"inis,  Veruinonla'num,  (F.) 
Crete  uretrulc.  A  projection,  situate  in  the 
prostate,  before  the  neck  of  the  bladder.  It  is 
like  the  head  of  a  woodcock  in  miniature,  and, 
around  it,  open  the  seminal  ducts  and  the  ducts 
of  the  prostate. 

Caput  Genitale,  Glans— c.  Lubricum,  Pe- 
nis— c.  Monachi,  Leontodon  Taraxacum — c. 
Obstipum,  Torticollis — c.  Penis,  Glans. 

Caput  Purhia.  Remedies,  which  the  ancients 
regarded  as  proper  for  purging  the  head: — tr- 
rhines,  sternutatories,  apojihlegmatisanlia,  &c. 
Prosper  Alpinus  makes  the  caput  jturgia  to  be 
the  same  as  errhines;  and  the  opophlegmatismi 
the  same  as  the  masticatories  of  the  moderns. 

Caput  Scapulje,  Acromion. 

Caput  Succeda'neum.  A  term  sometimes 
used  for  the  tumefied  scalp,  which  first  presents 
in  certain  cases  of  labour. 

Caput  Testis,  Epididymis. 

CA  QUE- SANG  UE  ou  CAGVE-SANGUE. 
Old  French  words  which  signify  Bloody  eva- 
cuations, (F.)  Dejections  sanguinolentes.  They 
come  from  cacare,  'to  go  to  stool,'  and  sanguis, 
'blood.'  Under  this  term  was  comprehended 
every  affection,  in  which  blood  is  discharged 
from  the  bowels 

CAR  A  SCHULLI,  Frutex  Ind'icus  spina' sus, 
Barle'ria  buxifo'lia.  A  Malabar  plant,  which, 
when  applied  externally,  is  inaturative  and  re- 
solvent. The  decoction  of  its  root  is  used,  in 
the  country,  in  ischuria. 

CARABAC'CIUM.  An  aromatic  wood  of 
India,  of  a  yellowish  colour,  and  a  smell  like 
that  of  the  clove.  lis  decoction  and  infusion 
are  given  as  stomachic  and  antiscorbutic. 

C.AR'ABUS.  A  genus  of  coleopterous  in- 
sects. Two  species,  the  chrysoceph'alvs  and 
ferrvgin'eus,  have  been  recommended  for  the 
toothache.  They  must  be  pressed  between  the 
fingers,  and  then  rubbed  on  the  gum  and  tooth 
affected. 

CARACTkRE,  Character. 

CARAGNA,  Caranna 

CARA M  ATA,  Amman.  A  tree  in  the  in- 
land parts  of  Pomeroon.  It  furnishes  a  fe- 
brifuge bark,  which  Dr.  Hancock  says  may  be 
used  in  typhoid  and  lemitlent  fevers  where 
the  cinchona  is  either  useless  or  pernicious. 

CARAMBOLO,  Averrhoa  carambola. 

CARAM'NA,  Caragna,  Tacumahaca  Carag- 
na,  Caran'nas  Gum' mi,  G.  Brcli'sis,  Gum  Ca- 
ran'na,  (\P.)  Caragne,  Gomme  Caragne  ou  Ca- 
rant-  A  gum-resinous  substance,  which  flows 
from  a  large  tree  in  New  Spain,  and  is  obtained 
from  South  America  in  impure  masses.  It  pre- 
serves its  softness  for  a  loner  time,  has  an  aro- 
matic smell,  and  a  slightly  acrid  and  bitter 
taste.  It  was  formerly  used  as  a  vulnerary 
and  in  plasters. 

CARAWAY,  Carum. 

CAR'BASUS,  Car'basa,  Car'pasa,  Linteum 
Carptum,  Carpia,  Motos,  Linamen'tum,  from 
y«£tjcc,  'a  filament,'  or  from  carpere,  'to  card.' 
Celsus;  Char  pie,  Lint.  The  filaments,  ob- 
tained by  unravelling  old  linen  cut  into  small 
pieces;  or  by  scraping  it  with  a  knife.  The 
former  is  termed  Char/iie  brute,  the  latter  Char- 
pie  rapee.  Charpie  is  applied  to  many  useful 
purposes  in  surgery.  Of  it  are  formed  com- 
s,  tents,  &c. 

CARBO,  Carlo  L'gni,  Charcoal,  (F.)   Chor- 


ion. Fresh  charcoal  is  antiseptic.  It  is  used 
to  improve  the  digestive  organs  in  cases  of 
worms,  dyspepsia,  &c;  as  a  cataplasm  to  <ran- 
gienous  and  fetid  ulcers,  tinea,  &c,  and  forms 
a  good  tooth-powder.  Dose,  gr.  x.  to  gj.  Also, 
Anthrax,  (q.  v.) 

Carbo  Anima'lis,  Carlo  carnis,  Animal 
charcoal,  (F.)  Chnrbon  animal.  In  the  Phar- 
macopoeia of  the  United  States,  it  is  directed  to 
be  prepared  from  bones.  It  is  given  in  the 
same  cases  as  the  Carbo  Ligni,  and  has  been 
extolled  in  cancer.     Dose,  gr.  ss.  to  gr.  iij. 

The  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States  con- 
tains a  formula  for  the  preparation  of  Carbo 
Anima'i.is  Purifica'tus,  purified  animal  char- 
coal (Carlon  animal,  ftj ;  Acid,  muriat.,  Aqua 
aa  f.  §xij.)  Pour  the  muriatic  acid,  previously 
mixed  with  the  water,  gradually  upon  the  char- 
coal, and  digest  with  a  gentle  heat  for  two 
days,  occasionally  stirring  the  mixture.  Having 
allowed  the  undissolved  portion  to  subside, 
pour  off  the  supernatant  liquor,  wash  the  char- 
coal frequently  with  water  until  it  is  entirely 
free  from  acid,  and  lastly  dry  it. 

Carbo  Huma'kum.  The  human  excrement. 
— Paracelsus. 

Carbo  Mineralis,  Graphites — c.  Palpebra- 
rum, Anthracosis. 

CARBON,  SESQUI-IODIDE  OF,  Carbo- 
nis  sesqui-iodidum — c.  Bisulphuretof,  Carbonis 
sulphuretum — c.  Sulphuret  of,  Carbonis  sul- 
phu  return. 

CARBON  AS  or  CARBO'NAS.  A  carho- 
nate,  (F.)  Carbonate.  A  salt,  formed  by  the 
combination  of  carbonic  acid  with  a  salifiable 
base. 

Carbonas  Natricum,  Sodae  carbonas. 

CARBONATE  D  AMMONIA  QUE,  Ammo- 
nia? carbonas. 

CAR'BONATED,  Car  bona' tits,  Air  a-'tus,(F.) 
Carboni,  Air6.  That  which  is  impregnated 
with  carbonic  acid. 

CARBONS.  Carbonated. 

CARBON'IC  ACID,  Ac"idum  Carbon'icvm, 
Solid  Air  of  Hales,  Factitious  Air,  Fixed  Air, 
Cariona' ceous  Acid,  Calca'reous  Acid,  Aerial 
Arid,  Mephit'ic  Acid,  (F.)  Aci.de  Carlmnique. 
This  gas,  which  neither  supports  respiration 
nor  combustion,  is  not  often  used  in  medicine. 
It  is  the  refreshing  ingredient  in  effervescent 
draughts,  poultices,  &c.  It  is  often  found  occu- 
pying the  lower  parts  of  mines  (when  it  is 
called  the  choke  damp,)  caverns,  tombs,  wells, 
brewers'  vats,  &c,  and  not  unfreqtiently  has 
been  the  cause  of  death.  Lime  thrown  into 
such  places  soon  absorbs  the  acid. 

CARBO'NIS  SESQUI-IO'DIDUM,  C.  Ses- 
qui  Iodine' turn,  Sestjui- Iodide  or  Sesqui-Iodurct 
of  Carlon.  This  is  made  by  mixing  concen- 
trated alcoholic  solutions  of  iodine  and  polassa, 
until  the  former  loses  its  colour;  a  solution  is 
obtained  from  which  water  throws  down  a  yel- 
low precipitate — the  sesqui-iodide  of  carbon.  It 
lias  been  used  iti  enlarged  glands  and  in  some 
cutaneous  affections,  applied  externally,  (^ss, 
to  ^vj.  of  cerate.) 

Carbo'nis  Swphvkz'tvm, Sulphure'tum  Car- 
bo'nii,  Sul'Jidum  Carbo'nii,  Carho'nium  Sulpha- 
ra'tvm,  Al'cohol  Sul'phuris,  Bisutphvre'tum  Car- 
In/ nii.  Sulphuret  of  Carbon,  Bisulphuretof  Car- 
lon, Carburet  of  Sulphur,  (F.)  Sulfure  de  Carbon, 
This  transparent,  colourless  fluid,  which  has  a 
very    penetrating,   disagreeable    odour,  and    a 


CARBONIUM  SULPHURATUM 


13G 


CARDIATOM1A 


taste  which  is  cooling  at  first,  but  afterwards 
acrid  and  somewhat  aromatic,  is  a  diffusible 
excitant.  It-  is  diaphoretic,  diuretic,  and  lias 
been  said  to  have  proved  emmenagogue.  It  is 
also  used  in  nervous  diseases  as  an  antispasmo- 
dic. Dose,  one  drop  to  four,  repeated  fre- 
quently. 

It  is  used  externally,  where  a  cooling  influ- 
ence has  to  be  rapidly  exerted. 

CARBONIUM  SULPHURATUM,  Carbonis 
sulphuretum. 

CARBUNCLE,  Anthrax— c.  Fungous,  Ter- 
minthus — c.  of  the  Tongue,  Glossanthrax— c. 
Berry,  Terminlhus. 

CARBUNCLED  FACE,  Gutta  rosea. 

CARBUNCULAR  EXANTHEM,  Anthracia. 

CARBUNCULUS,  Anthrax— c.  Anginosus, 

Cynanche  maligna — c.   Labiorum  et  genarum, 

Cancer  aquaticus — c.  Pulmonum,   Necropneu- 

monia. 

Carbun'colus  Robj'nus.  A  red,  shining, 
and  transparent  stone,  from  the  Isle  of  Ceylon  ; 
formerly  employed  in  medicine  as  a  preserva- 
tive against  several  poisons,  the  plague,  tec. 

Careunculus  Ulcusculosus, Cynanche  ma- 
ligna. 

CAR'CAROS,  from  xaoxatqo),  'I  resound,' 
'  I  tremble.'  A  fever,  in  which  the  patient  has 
a  general  tremor,  accompanied  with  an  unceas- 
ing nnise  in  the  ears. 

CARCI  NODES,  Carcinomatous,  Charter evse. 
CARCINO'MA, from  z«oxuoc,'acrab.'  Some 
authors  have  called  thus,  indolent  tumours  dif- 
ferent from  cancer;  others,  incipient  cancer; 
and  others,  again,  the  species  of  cancer  in 
which  the  affected  structure  assumes  the  ap- 
pearance of  cerebral  substance;  but  the  majo- 
rity of  authors  use  Carcinoma  in  the  same  sense 
as  Cancer. 

Carcinoma  H/ematodes,  Hsematodes  fungus 
— c.  of  the  Liver,  Hepalosarcomie — c.  Melano- 
ticum,  Melanosis — c.  Spongiosum,  Hsematodes 
fungus — c.  Ventriculi,  see  Gastroatenosis  car- 
diaca  et  pyloriea. 

CARCINOM'ATOUS,  Carciit'odes,  Card- 
no'i'ites.     Relating  to  Cancer. 

CARCINOME  SANGLANTE,  Hsematodes 
fungus. 

CARCINOS,  Cancer. 

CARDAMANTICA,  Cardamine  pratensis, 
Lepidium  Iberis. 

CARDAMINDUM  MINUS,  Tropceolum 
majus. 

CARDAMINE  "  FONTANA,  Sisymbrium 
nasturtium. 

Caudami'ne  Praten'sis,  Cardami'ne,  Carda- 
manUica,  Nasturtium  Aquat'icvm,  Car'damon, 
Cull  flos,  lbc'ris  soph'ia,  Nasturtium  praten'sB, 
Ladies-smock,  Cuckooflower.  (F.)  Cressone'16- 
gant,  Crcsson  des  pres,  Passerage  sauvage. 
Ord.  Crnciferce.  The  flowers  have  been  consi- 
dered useful  as  antispasmodics,  in  the  dose  of 
rz]  to  ^ij.  They  are  probably  inert. 
'  CARDAMOM,  LESSER,  Amomum  carda- 
momum. 

CARDAMOME,  Amomum  cardamomum— c. 
de  la  Cote  de  Malabar.  Amomum  cardamomum. 
CARDAMOMUM  MAJUS,  Aim. mum  grana 
paradisi — c.  Minus.  Amomum  cardamomum — 
c.  Piperatum,  Amomum  grana  paradisi. 
CARDAMOM,  Cardamine  pratensis. 
CARDMRE,  Dipsacus  sylvestris— c.  Cultivi, 
Dipsacus  fullonum. 


CARDIA,   xoqSia,   -'the    heart'   Stom achut, 

Orific"i:im  simsflrum  ventviduli.  The  superior 
or  oesophageal  orifice  of  the  stomach.  Also,  the 
Heart,  (q.  v.) 

CAR'DIAC,  Cardt'acus,  from  xatfict,  'the 
hearf'  or  the  upper  orifice  of  the  stomach,  (F.) 
Cardiaque.  Relating  to  the  heart  or  to  the 
upper  orifice  of  the  stomach. 

Cardiac  or  Cor'onarv  Ar'terif.s,  (F.)  Ar- 
teres  cardiaques  ou  coronaires,  are  two  in  num- 
ber. They  arise  from  the  aorta,  a  little  above 
the  free  edge  of  the  sigmoid  valves,  and  are 
distributed  on  both  surfaces  of  the  heart. 

Cardiac  Nerves,  (F.)  Nerfs  cardiaques. 
These  are  commonly  three  on  each  side  ;  a  su- 
perior, middle  and  inferior,  which  are  furnished 
by  corresponding  cervical  ganglia.  Commonly, 
there  are  but  two  on  the  leftside;  the  upper 
and  middle,  which  draw  their  origin  from  the 
last  two  cervical  ganglia.  Scarpa  calls  the  su- 
perior—  C.  super ficialis;  the  middle — C. profun- 
dus or  C.  magnus  :  and  the  inferior — C.  parvus. 
There  are, besides,  Cardiac fil'a>nents,(F.)  Fitets 
cardiaques,  furnished  by  the  par  vagum  or 
pneumo-gastric  nerve,  which  become  confound- 
ed with  the  above. 

Cardiac  Plexus,  Gan'glion  cardi'acum.  A 
nervous  network,  formed  by  the  different  nerves 
above  mentioned.  It  is  situate  at  the  posterior 
part  of  the  aorta,  near  its  origin.  It  affords 
numerous  branches,  which  are  distributed  to 
the  heart  and  great  vessels.  The  name  Cardiac. 
has  also  been  given  to  the  glands,  vessels,  and 
nerves,  which  surround  the  superior  or  cardiac 
orifice  of  tli e  stomach. 

Cardiac  or  Cor'onary  Veins,  (F.)  Veines 
Cardiaques, are  commonly  four  in  number ;  two 
anterior  and  two  posterior.  They  open  into 
the  right  auricle  by  one  orifice,  which  is  fur- 
nished with  a  valve,  and  is  called,  by  Portal, 
Sinus  coronaire  da  Catir. 

CARDIACA  CRISPA,  Leonorus  cardiaca— 
c.  Passio,  Cardialgia. 

CARDIACUS,  Cordial,  Stomachal. 

CARDIAGMUS.  Cardialgia. 

CARDIAG'RAPHY,  Cardiagra'phia,  from 
xa^dta,  'the  heart,'  and  yoarf)>/, 'a  description.' 
An  anatomical  description  of  the  heart. 

CARDIAL'GIA,  Cardi'aca  Passio,  Col' ha 
Ycntrir.'uli,  Spas/mis  I'cntric  uli,  Pcrodyn'ia, 
Cordo'lium,  Cardilse'a,  Di/spepsodun'ia,  Car' 
diad'yne,  Gastral' 'gia,Gastrodyn' "ta,  Stomucal'gia 
Cardt'acus  Morbus,  Cardiog'mus :  from  xandia, 
'the  cardiac  orifice  of  the  stomach,'  and  d.yog, 
'pain:'  Pain  of  the  stomach,  (F.)  Douleur  de 
FEslomac,  D.  ndvralgique  de  VEstomac:  also, 
Heartburii,(F.)  Cardiaigie,Ardeur  d' Estomac,A. 
du  CfEitr.  Impaired  appetite,  with  gnawing  or 
burning  pain  in  the  stomach  or  epigastrium, — 
Morsus  vel  ardor  ventric'uh,  Soda,  Limo'sis  car- 
dial'gia  mordens,  Rosio  Stom'achi: — a  symptom 
of  dyspepsia. 

Cardialgia  Inflammatory,  Gastritis — c. 
Sputatoria,  Pyrosis. 

CARDIALOG"IA,  from  xccqSi*,  'the  heart,' 
and  Xoyoc,  'a  discourse  '  A  treatise  on  the  heart. 

CARDMRCTiE,  Heart,  concentric  hyper- 
trophy of  the. 

CARDLVRIUS;  same  etymology.  A  name 
given  to  a  worm,  said  to  have  been  found  in  the 
heart  or  pericardium. 

CARDIATOM'IA,  from  wtqSnt,  'the  heart,' 
and  ts«i €n ,  'to  cut.'     Dissection  of  the  heart. 


CARD1ATR0PHIA 


137 


CAR1UM  TERR.E 


CARDIATROPHIA,  Heart,  atrophy  of  the. 

CJ1RDIECT.1SIE, see  Aneurism  of  the  heart. 

CARDIE  LCOSIS;  from  xapSm,  'the  heart,' 
and  ltZxo<;,  'an  ulcer.'     Ulceration  of  the  heart. 

CARDIETHMOLIPOSIS,  Steatosis  cordis. 

CARDIEUIiYSMA,  see  Aneurisina. 

CARDURA.  Cardialgia. 

CARDIM'ELECH,  from  w^u,  'the  heart,' 
and  ^h?,  Meleck,  (Hebr.,)  'a  governor.'  A 
supposititious  active  principle  seated  in  the  heart, 
and  governing  the  vital  functions. — Dolaeus. 

CARDINAL  FLOWER,  Lobelia  cardinalis 
— c.  Blue,  Lobelia  syphilitica. 

CARDINAL  PLANT,  Lobelia  cardinalis. 

CARDIN  AMENTUM,  Ginglymus,  Gom- 
phosis. 

CARDIOBOTANUM,  Centaurea  benedicta. 

CARDIOCE'LE,  from  x*ndia,  'the  heart,' 
and  x-ijXij, '  rupture.'  Rupture  of  the  heart,  es- 
pecially into  the  abdominal  cavity. 

CARDIOCLASIE,  Cardiorrhexis. 

CARDIODYNE,  Cardialgia. 

CARDIOG'MUS.  Hippocrates  employed  this 
word  synonymously  with  cardialgia.  In  the 
time  of  Galen  it  was  used,  by  some  writers,  for 
certain  pulsations  of  the  heart,  analogous  to 
palpitations.  Sauvages  understood  by  Cardi- 
ogmus  an  aneurism  of  the  heart  or  great  ves- 
sels, when  still  obscure. 

Cardiogmus  Cordis  Sinistri,  Angina  pec- 
toris. 

CARDIOMALA'CIA,  JtfuWsf's,  Cordis,  (F.) 
Ramoltissemcnt  du  Cceur,  from  x.*Qdta,  '  the 
heart,'  and  /uaXaxia,  'softness.'  Softening  of 
the  heart,caused  by  inflammation  of  the  organ, 
or  a  consequence  of  some  lesion  of  the  function 
of  nutrition. 

CARDIOMYOLIPOSIS,  Steatosis  cordis. 

CARDIONEURALGIA,  Angina  pectoris. 
CARDIONCHL  see  Aneurism. 

CARDIOPALMUS,  Cardiotromus. 

CARDIORRHEX'IS,  Cardioclasie,  (Piorry.) 
Ruptura  Cordis,  (F.)  Rupture  du  Caur,  from 
xaodia,  'the  heart,'  and  ()>,;(?,  'laceration.'  Lace- 
ration of  the  heart. 

CJlRD10SCLEROSIE,(?\orry.)  from x*e<5<a, 
'  the  heart,'  and  rxXtjooc;, '  hard.'  (F.)  Endurcis- 
scment  du  Caur.    Induration  of  the  heart. 

CARDIOT'ROMUS,  Paipita'tio  Cordis  trep'- 
idans,  Cardiopal'mus,  Trepida'tio  Cordis,  from 
xaoSia,  'the  heart,'  and  tqouoc,  'tremor.'  Ra- 
pid and  feeble  palpitation,  or  fluttering  of  the 
heart. 

CARDIOT'ROTUS,from  x*q&i*,  'the  heart,' 
and  titowitkv],  'I  wound.'  One  affected  with  a 
wound  of  the  heart — Galen. 

CARDIPERICARDITIS,  see  Pericarditis. 

CARD1TE,  Carditis. 

CARDITIS,  from  *.*qdia, '  the  heart,'  and  the 
termination  itis.  Inflammation  of  the  fleshy 
substance  of  the  heart.  Empres'ma  Cardi'tis, 
Jnflumma'tio  Coidis,  Inflamma'tio  Cardi'tis, 
Cnuma  Carditis,  Myocardi'tis,  Inflammation  du 
Caur.  (F.)  Cardite.  The  symptoms  of  this 
affection  are  by  no  means  clear.  They  are 
often  confounded  with  those  of  pericarditis, 
or  inflammation  of  the  membrane  investing 
the  heart.  Carditis,  indeed,  with  many,  in- 
cludes both  the  inflammation  of  the  investing 
membrane  and  that  of  the  heart  itself.  See 
Pericarditis,  and  Endocarditis. 

Carditis  Interna,   Endocarditis — c.   Poly- 
posa,  Polypi  of  the  heart. 
10 


CARDO.  Ginglymus. 

CARDOPAT1UM,  Carlina  acaulis. 

CARDUUS  ALTILIS,  Cynara  scolymus  — 
c.  Benedictus,  Centaurea  benedicta — c.  Brazi- 
lianus,  Bromelia  ananas — c.  Domesticus  capite 
majori,  Cynara  scolymus — c.  Hemorrhoidals, 
Cirsium  arvense. 

Car'duus  MiniA^NCs,  Car'duus  Ma'rioz,  Sil'- 
ybum,  Car'duus  lac'teus,  Spina  alba,  Common 
Milk  Thistle,  or  Ladies'  Thistle,  (F.)  Chardon- 
Marie,  The  herb  is  a  bitter  tonic.  The  seeds 
are  oleaginous.     It  is  not  used. 

Carduus  Pineus,  Atractylis  gummifera — c. 
Sativus,  Carthamus  tinctorius — c.  Sativus  non- 
spinosus,  Cynara  scolymus — c.  Solstitialis,  Cen- 
taurea calcitrapa — c.  Stellatus,  Centaurea  calci- 
trapa — c.  Tomentosus,  Onopordium  acanthium. 

CAREBARES1S,  Carebaria. 

C  AREBA'RIA  or  CAREB  ARI'A,  Carebare'sis, 
from  xnotj,  'the  head,'  and  ftego?, '  weight.'  Scor- 
dine'ma,  Cardine'ma.  Heaviness  of  the  head 
— Hippocr.,  Galen. 

CARE'N A, Kare'na.  The  twenty-fourth  part 
of  a  drop. — Ruland  and  Johnson. 

CAREUM,Carum. 

CAREX  ARENAR1A,  Sarsaparilla  Germa- 
nica. 

CARIACOU.  A  beverage,  used  in  Cayenne, 
and  formed  of  a  mixture  of  cassava,  potato,  and 
sugar  fermented. 

C  A  RICA,  Ficus  carica. 

Car'ica  Papaya.  Fapaw  tree,  (F.)  Papayer. 
Ord.  Artocarpese.  A  native  of  America,  India, 
and  Africa.  The  fruit  has  somewhat  of  the 
flavour  of  the  pumpkin,  and  is  eaten  like  it. 
The  milky  juice  of  the  plant,  and  the  seed  and 
root  have  been  regarded  as  anthelmintic. 

CAR'ICUM; — said  to  have  been  named  after 
its  inventor  Caricus.  Car'ycum.  A  detergent 
application  to  ulcers;  composed  of  black  helle- 
bore, sandarach,  copper,  lead,  sulphur,  orpiment,. 
canlharides,  and  oil  of  cedar. — Hippocrates. 

CARIE,  Caries — c.  des  Dents,  Dental  gan- 
grene. 

CARI&,  Carious. 

CA'RIES,  Nigri'ties  os'sium.  An  ulceration 
of  bone, — Necrosis  being  the  death  of  the  bone. 
It  resembles  the  gangrene  of  soft  parts.  Hence 
it  has  been  termed  Caries  gangreno'sa,  Gan- 
grsena  Caries,  G.  Ossium,  Tere'do,  Euros,  (F.) 
Carie.  It  is  recognised  by  the  swelling  of  the 
bone  which  precedes  and  accompanies  it;  by 
the  abscesses  it  occasions;  the  ristuhe  which 
form  ;  by  the  sanious  character,  peculiar  odour 
and  quantity  of  the  suppuration,  and  by  the 
evidence  afforded  by  probing.  The  most  com- 
mon causes  of  caries  are  blows; — the  action  of 
some  virus,  and  morbid  diathesis.  When  de- 
pendent on  any  virus  in  the  system,  this  must 
be  combated  by  appropriate  remedies.  When 
entirely  local,  it  must  be  converted,  where  prac- 
ticable, into  a  state  of  necrosis  or  death  of  the 
affected  part.  For  this  end  stimulants  are  ap- 
plied, the  actual  cautery,  &e. 

Caries  Dentium,  Dental  gangrene — c.  of  the 
Vertebrae,  Vertebral  disease — c.  Vertebrarum, 
Vertebral  disease. 

CARIEUX,  Carious. 

CAR1M  CURINI,  Justitia  ecbolium. 

CARINA,  Vertebral  column. 

CA'RIOUS,  Cnrio'sus,  (F.)  Carie,  Carieux 
Affected  with  caries. 

CARIUM  TERRiE,  Calx. 


CARIVE 


133 


CAROTIDS 


CARIVE,  Myrtus  pimenta. 

CARIVILLAiNDI,  Smilax  sarsaparilla. 

CARLl'NA.    '  Carline  Thistle.' 

Cari.i'na  Acaulis,  Chamx'lcon  album,  Car- 
dopa'tium,  (F.)  Carline  sans  tigc,  which  grows 
in  the  Pyrenees,  and  on  the  mountains  of 
Switzerland,  Italy,  &c.  has  been  recommended 
as  a  tonic,  emmenao-ogue,  and  sudorific. 

CARLINE  SANS  T1GE,  Carlina  acaulis. 

CARLO  SANCTO,  RADIX.  '  St.  Charles's 
Root:'  found  in  Mechoachan, in  America.  The 
bark  is  aromatic,  bitter  and  acrid.  It  is  con- 
sidered to  be  sudorific,  and  to  strengthen  the 
gums  and  stomach. 

CARLS3AD,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Carlsbad. is  a  town  in  Bohemia,  24  miles  from 
Egra,  celebrated  for  its  hot  baths.  The  water 
contains  about  47  parts  in  the  100  of  purging 
salts.  It  is  a  thermal  saline;  temperature  121° 
to  1G7°  Fahrenheit.  The  constituents  are — 
carbonic  acid,  sulphate  of  soda,  carbonate  of 
soda,  and  chloride  of  sodium. 

CARMANT1NE,  Justitia  pectoralis— c.  Pec- 
■torafr,  Justitia  pectoralis. 

CARMEN,  '  a  verse,'  because  charms  usually 
consisted  of  a  verse.   A  charm  (q.  v.:)  an  amulet. 

CARMINANT1A,  Carminatives. 

CARMIN'ATIVES,  Carminan'tia  seu  Cur- 
minati'va,  from  carmen,  'a  verse,'  or  'charm,' 
Antiphys' ica,  Xan'tica,  (F.)  Carminatifs.  Reme- 
dies which  allay  pain,  and  cause  the  expulsion 
of  flatus  from  the  alimentary  canal.  They  are 
generally  of  the  class  of  aromatics. 

The  FourGueaterCarminative  Hot  Seeds, 
Qua'tuor  sem'ina  cal'ida  majo'ra  carminati' oa, 
were,  of  old,  anise,  carui,  cummin,  and  fennel. 

The  Four  Lesser  Carminative  Hot  Seeds, 
Qua'luor  sem'ina  cal'ida  mino'ra,  were  bishop's 
weed,  stone  parsley,  smallage,  and  wild  carrot. 

CARMOT.  A  name  given,  by  the  alchy- 
mists,  to  the  matter  which  they  believed  to 
constitute  the  Philosopher's  stone. 

CARNABADIA,  Carum,  (seed.) 

CARNABADIUM,  Cuminum  cyminum. 

CARNATIO,  Syssarcosis. 

CARNELIAN,  Cornelian. 

CARNEOLUS,  Cornelian. 

CARNEOUS,  Car'neus,  Carno'sus,  Sarco'dcs, 
from  caro,  'flesh,'  (V.)  Clturnu.  Consisting  of 
flesh,  or  resembling  flesh. 

Cakneods  or  Fleshy  Columns.  Colum'na 
Carnt.a\  of  the  heart,  (F.)  Cnlonnes  char  nuts, 
are  muscular  projections,  situate  in  the  cavities 
of  the  heart.  They  are  called,  also,  Musculi 
Papilla' res. 

Carneous,  Fleshy  or  Muscular  Fibres,  (F.) 
Fibres  cuarnues  ou  musculuires,  are  fibres  be- 
longing to  a  muscle. 

Pannic'ulus  Carnosus,  (F.)  Pannicidc  char- 
nu; — Carnosa  Cutis;  a  muscular  membrane, 
adhering  to  the  skin  of  certain  animals,  whose 
use  is  to  move  the  integuments  with  the  hair, 
leathers,  &c. 

CARNEUM  MARSUPIUM.  Ischio-trochan- 
terianus. 

CARNIC'ULA.  Diminutive  of  Caro,  'flesh.' 
The  irmiis.  Gingiva?,  (q.  v.) — Fallopius. 

CA'RNIFIUATION,  Carnifica'tio,  from  cam, 
'flesb,'  and  fieri,  'to  become.'  Transformation 
into  flesh.  A  morbid  slate  of  certain  organs,  in 
which  the  tissue  acquires  a  consistence  like  that 
of  fleshy  or  muscular  parts.  It  is  sometimes  ob- 
served in  hard  parts,  the  texture  becoming  soft- 


ened, a  :3  in  Osteosarcoma.  When  it  occurs  in  the 
luno-s,  they  present  a  texture  like  that  of  liver. 
CARNIFOR'MIS  ABSCES'SUS.  An  ab- 
scess  whose  orifice  is  hard?  the  sides  thick  and 
callous;  and  which  ordinarily  occurs  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  the  articulations. — M.  A.  Se- 
vennus. 

CARNIVOROUS,  Carniv'orus,  Sarcoph'. 
agus,  Crcatoph'agns,  Creoph'agus,  (F.)  Carni- 
vore, from  caro,  '  flesh,'  and  voro,  '  I  eat.'  That 
which  eats  flesh.  Any  substance  which  de- 
stroys excrescences  in  wounds,  ulcers,  &c. 

CARiNOS'ITAS.  Carnos'itics  or  Car' uncles 
in  the  Urt'thra,  (F.)  Carnosites  ou  Caroncules 
de  iurctre,  (F.)  Carnosites,  are  small  fleshy 
excrescences  or  fungous  growths,  which  were, 
at  one  time,  presumed  to  exist  in  the  male  ure- 
thra, whenever  retention  of  urine  followed 
gonoirhcea. 

M.  Cullcrier  uses  the  term  Carnosit'e  vine- 
rienne  for  a  cutaneous,  cellular,  and  membra- 
nous tumour,  dependent  upon  the  syphilitic 
virus.  See,  also,  Polysarcia. 
CARNOSUS,  Carneous. 
CARO,  Flesh — c.  Accessoria,  see  Flexor  lon- 
gus  digitorum  pedis  profundus  perforans,  (ac- 
cessonus)  —  c.  Excrescens,  Excrescence  — c. 
Fungosa,  Fungosity  —  c.  Glandulosa,  Epiglottic 
gland — c.  Luxurians,  Fungosity — c.  Orbicula- 
ris, Placenta — c.  Parenchymatica,  Parenchyma 
— c.  Quadrata,  Palmaris  brevis— c.  Quadratus 
Sylvii,  see  Flexor  longus  digitorum  pedis  pro- 
fundus perforans.  (accessorius)— c.  Visceruni, 
Parenchyma. 

CAROB  TREE,  Ceratonia  siliqua. 
CAROL5A  ALNABATI,  Ceratoniwm  siliqua. 
.  CAROLI'NA,  NORTH,  MINERAL  WA- 
TERS OF.  In  the  counties  of  Warren,  Mont- 
gomery. Buckingham,  Lincoln,  Buncomb  and 
Rowan,  there  are  mineral  springs.  They  be- 
long generally  to  the  sulphureous  or  acidulous 
saline. 

CAROLINA,  SOUTH,  MINERAL  WA- 
TERS  OF.  They  are  numerous.  Pacolet 
Springs,  on  the  west  bank  of  Pacolet  River, 
contain  sulphur  and  iron.  Many,  with  similar 
properties,  but  not  held  in  estimation,  are  scat- 
tered about,  the  stale. 

CARONCULE,  Caruncle — c.  Lachrymalc, 
Caruncle. 

CARONCULES  JUYRT1FORMES,  Cnrun- 
culffi  myrtiformes  —  c.  de  CUritre,  Carnosities 
of  the  urethra. 

CAROPl,  Amornum  cardamomum. 
CAROSIS,  Somnolency. 
CAROTA,  see  Dauens  carota. 
CAROTIC,  (ARTERIES.)  Carotids. 
CAROTICA,  Narcotics. 
CAROT'ICUS,  comatose,  from  xaoos,  'stu- 
por,'   (F.)    Carot-ejue.      Relating   to  stupor  or 
cams — as  a  carotic  state,  &c. 

CAROT'IDS,  Carotfides  (Artirix,)  Carol'icx, 
Carotidea,  Capita' les,  Jugula'res,  Sopora'lcs, 
Sopora'rix,  Soporif'cra,  Somniffet<B,  .ipoplec- 
ticx,  Lethar'gicx,  the  Carol.' id  Arteries,  Cephai'ic 
Arteries,  (F.)  A.  Carotidas;  from  xaoog,  '  stu- 
por.' The  great  arteries  of  the  neck,  which 
carry  blood  to  the  head.  They  are  divided 
into,  1.  Primitive  or  common;  the  left  of  which 
arises  from  the  aorta,  and  the  right  from  a 
trunk,  common  to  it  and  the  subclavian.  2. 
External  or  pericephal'ic,  a  branch  of  the  primi- 
tive, which  extends  from  the  last  to  the  neck 


CAROTID  CANAL 


139    CARTILAGINISARYTENOID^^E,  &c. 


of  the  condyle  of  the  lower  jaw;  and,  3.  In- 
ternal, Jlrte'ria  cerebra'lis  vel  encephal'ica,  ano- 
ther branch  of  the  primitive,  which,  arising  at 
the  same  place  as  the  external,  enters  the 
cranium,  and  terminates  on  a  level  with  the  fis- 
sure of  Sylvius,  dividing  into  several  branches. 
Carotid  Canal,  Cana'lis  Carol' icus,  Canal 
inflcxe  de  Vos  temporal — (Ch.J  Canal  caroto- 
dicii,  is  a  canal  in  the  temporal  bone,  through 
which  the  carotid  artery  and  several  nervous 
filaments  pass. 

Carotid  Foramina,  Foram'ina  Carot'ica,  (F.) 
Trous  carolidiens,  are  distinguished  into  internal 
and  external.    They  are  the  foramina  at  each 
extremity  of  the  Canalis  Caroticus. 
CAROTTE,  Caucus  carota. 
CAROUA,  Carum,  (seed.) 
CAROUBIER,  Ceratoniuin  siliqua. 
CAROUGE,  see  Ceratoniuin  siliqua. 
CARPASA,  Carbasa. 

CARPA'SIUM,  CARTASUM,  CAR'PA- 
SUS,  and  CARPE'SIUM.  Dioscorides,  Pliny, 
Galen,  &c,  have  given  these  names,  and  that 
of  Carpasos,  to  a  plant,  which  cannot  now  be 
determined,  and  whose  juice,  called  Opoearpa- 
son,  oho -/.annua or,  passed  for  a  violent,  narcotic 
poison,  and  was  confounded  with  myrrh. 
CARPATHICUM,  see  Pinus  cembra. 
CARPE,  Carpus. 

CARPENTARIA,  Achillea  millefolium. 
CARPESIUM,  Carpasium. 
CARPHOLOG"lA,  Tilmus,  Carpolog"ia, 
Crocidis' i/ius,  Flocco'rum  vena'tio,  Tricholog"ia, 
Crocidix'is,  from  y.aocpoc,  'floe' cuius,'  and  keyw, 
'  I  collect,'  or  '  pluck,'  (F.)  Carpltologie.  Action 
of  gathering  flocculi.  A  delirious  picking  of  the 
bed-clothes,  as  if  to  seek  some  substance,  or  to 
pull  the  flocculi  from  them.  It  denotes  great 
cerebral  irritability  or  debility,  and  is  an  unfa- 
vourable sipn  in  fevers,  &c. 

CARPHOS,  Trigonella  fcenum. 
CARPIA,  Carbasus. 
CARPLEUS,  Palmaris  brevis. 
CAR'PIAL  or  CAR'PIAN,  Carpiu'nus,  Car- 
pia'lis,  (F.)  Carpien.     Belonging  to  the  Carpus. 
Car'pial  Lig'aments,  (F.)  Ligaments  Car- 
piens,  are,  1.  The  fibrous  fascia?,  which  unite 
the  bones  of  the  carpus:  and,  2.  The  annular 
ligaments,  anterior  and  posterior,  (q.  v.) 
CARPIAN,  Carpial. 
CARP  JEN,  Carpial. 
CARPISMUS,  Carpus. 

CARPOBALSAMUM,  see  Amyris  opobal- 
samum. 

CARPOLOGIA, Carphologia — c.  Spasinodica, 
Subsultus  tendinum. 

CARPO-METACARPEUS  MINIMI  DIGI- 
TI,  Adductor  metacarpi  minimi  digiti — c.  M&- 
tacarpien  du  petit  doigt,  Opponens  minimi  digiti 
— c.  Mctacarpicn  du  pouce,  Opponens  pollicis — 
c.  Phalangeus  minimi  digiti,  Abductor  minimi 
digiti — c  Plialangien  du  petit  doigt,  Abductor 
minimi  digiti — c.  Plialangien  du  petit  doigt. 
Flexor  parvus  minimi  digiti — c.  Plialangien  du 
pouce,  Flexor  brevis  pollicis  manus—  c.  Sus-pha- 
langien  du  pouce,  Abductor  pollicis  brevis. 

CARPO-PEDAL,  from  carpus,  'the  wrist,' 
and  pes,  pedis, '  the  foot.'  Relating  to  the  wrist 
and  foot. 

Cahpo  fedai.  Spasm,  Cer'cbral  spasmod'ic 
croup.  A  spasmodic  affection  of  the  chest  and 
larynx  in  young  children,  accompanied  by  ge- 
neral or  partial  convulsions.     The  disease  com- 


monly occurs  between  the  third  and  ninth 
month,  and  is  characterized  by  excessive  dysp- 
noea, accompanied  by  a  loud  croupy  noise  on 
inspiration;  the  thumbs  being  locked,  and  the 
hands  and  feet  rigidly  bent  for  a  longer  or 
shorter  period,  The  seat  of  the  disease  is  evi- 
dently in  the  cerebro-spinal  axis,  primarily  or 
secondarily;  perhaps  it  is  owing  to  erethism, 
seated  elsewhere,  being  communicated  to  the 
cerebro-spinal  centre  and  reflected  to  the  re- 
spiratory and  other  muscles  concerned.  It 
seems  to  be  connected  with  dental  irritation, 
and  consequently,  in  the  treatment,  where 
such  is  the  case,  the  gums  should  be  freely  di- 
vided; after  which,  cathartics  and  revulsives, 
with  the  use  of  narcotics  and  appropriate  diet, 
will  generally  remove  the  affection;  for  although 
extremely  alarming,  it  is  often  not  attended  with 
great  danger. 
CARPOS,  Fruit. 

CARPOT'ICA,  from  xaqnoc,  'fruit.'  Dis- 
eases affecting  impregnation.  Irregularity,  dif- 
ficulty or  danger  produced  by  parturition; — the 
3d  order,  class  Genelica,  of  Good. 

CARPUS,  Carpis'mus,  Brachia'le.  Rasceta, 
Rastcta,  the  wrist,  (F.)  Carpe,  Poignet.  The 
part  between  the  fore-arm  and  hand.  Eight 
bones  compose  it,  (in  two  rows.)  In  the  supe- 
rior row  there  are,  from  without  to  within — the 
Scapho'ides  or  navicula're,  Luna're  or  semiluna're , 
Cuneifor'me,  and  Orbicula'rS  or  pisifor'mS.  In 
the  lower  row — Trape'zium,  Trapezo'ides,  Mag- 
num, and  Unci  for1  ml. 

CARRAGEEN   MOSS.  Fucus  crispus. 
CARRti  DE  LA  CUISSE,  Quadratus  femoris 
— c.  des  Lombes,  Quadratus   lumborurn — c.  du 
Menion,  Depressor  labii  inferioris — c.  du  Pied, 
Extensor  brevis  digitorum  pedis. 
CARRE AU,  Tabes  mesenterica. 
CARRltE.      See    Flexor    longus    digitorum 
pedis  profundus  perforans,  (accessorius.) 

CARRELET,  (F.)  Arus  triangularis.  A 
straight  needle,  two  or  three  inches  long,  the 
point  of  which  is  triangular;  and  which  the 
ancients  used  in  different  operations.  Also,  a 
wooden,  triangular  frame  for  fixing  a  cloth 
through  which  different  pharmaceutical  prepa- 
rations are  passed. 

CARROT,  CANDY,  Athamanta  cretensis— 
c.  Deadly,  Thapsia  —  c.  Plant,  Daucus  carota. 

CAR'tHAMUS  TINCTO'RIUS,  Am'yron, 
Cnicus,  Crocus  Gcrinan'icus,  Crocus  Saracen' - 
icus,  Carlhumum  officirta'rum,  Car'duus  sati'vus, 
Saffron-flower,  Safra'num,  Snjjlowcr,  Bastard 
Saffron,  Dyer's  Saffron,  (F.)  Carthame,  Safran 
batard,  Carthame  des  Teinturiers.  Family,  Vy- 
narocephaleae.  Sex  Syst.  Syngenesia  Polyga- 
mia  ffiqualis.  The  seeds  are  aromatic,  cathartic, 
and  diuretic;  yet  to  the  parroquet  they  are  an 
article  of  food,  hence  their  name,  Graines  de 
Perroquet.  The  flowers,  Car'thamus,  (Ph.  U. 
S.J  are  employed  as  a  cosmetic,  and  are  a  re- 
puted diaphoretic. [?] 

CARTUEGON,  see  Buxus. 
CARTILAGE  ANONYM£,  Cricoid,   (carti- 
lage)— c.    Epiglottic,    Epiglottis — c.    Mucrone, 
Xiphoid  Cartilage — c.  Supra-arytenoid,  Corni- 
culum  laryngis — c.  Tarsal,  see  Tarsus. 

CARTILAGINES  GUTTURALES,  Aryte- 
noid cartilages — c.  Triquetral,  Arytenoid  carti- 
lages. 

Cartilaginis  Arytjenoid/e^;  Capitulum, 
Corniculum  laryngis. 


CARTILAGINOUS 


140 


CASEOUS  MATTER 


CARTILAG'TNOUS,  Cartilagin'eus,  Carti- 
lagino'sus,  Chondro'des,  Chondral' des,  (F.)  Car- 
iilagineux.  Belonging  to,  or  resembling  car- 
tilage. 

CARTILA'GO,  Ckundros,  Car'tilage,  (F.) 
Cartilage.  A  solid  part  of  tbe  animal  body,  of 
a  medium  consistence  between  bone  and  liga- 
ment, and  which  in  the  foetus  is  a  substitute  tor 
bone,  but  in  the  adult  exists  only  in  the  joints, 
at  the  extremities  of  the  ribs,  &c.  Cartilages 
are  of  a  whitish  colour,  flexible,  compressible, 
and  very  elastic,  and  some  of  them  apparently 
inorganic.  They  are  composed,  according  to  J. 
Davy,  of  .44  albumen,  .55  water,  and  .01  phos- 
phate of  lime. 

Cartilages,  Articular,  or  Obdu'cent  Car'ti- 
lages.  invest  bony  surfaces,  which  are  in  con- 
tact; hence  they  are  called  investing  or  incrust- 
ing  cartilages,  (F.)  Curtilages  de  revetement  ou 
d'encroutement. 

Cartilagf.s,  lNTERARTicuLAR,aresuchasare 
situate  within  the  joints,  as  in  the  knee  joint. 

Cartilages  of  Ossifica'tjon  are  such  as,  in 
the  progress  of  ossification,  have  to  form  an 
integrant  part  of  bones ;  as  those  of  the  long 
bones  in  tbe  new-born  infant.  These  are 
termed  temporary;  the  others  being  permanent. 
All  the  cartilages,  with  the  exception-  of  tbe 
articular,  are  surrounded  by  a  membrane  ana- 
logous to  the  periosteum,  called  Perichondrium. 

Cartilages  of  thf.  Ribs  are,  in  some  respects, 
only  prolongations  of  the  ribs.  Those  of  the 
nose,  of  the  meatus  auditorius,  and  Eustachian 
tube,  present  a  similar  arrangement.  Other 
cartilages  resemble  a  union  of  fibrous  and  car- 
tilaginous textures;  hence  their  name,  Fibro- 
cartilages. 

Cartilago  Clvpealjs,  Thyroid  cartilage — c. 
Ensiformis,  Xiphoid  cartilage — c.  Innominata, 
Cricoid— c  Mucronata,  Xiphoid  cartilage — c. 
Peltalis,  Thyroid  cartilage  —  c.  Scutiformis, 
Thyroid  cartilage — c.  Uvifer,  Uvula — c.  Xi- 
phoides,  Xiphoid  cartilage. 

CARUM,  from  Caria,  a  province  of  Asia. 
Ca'reum,  Carum  Car'u'i,  Carvi,  Cumi'nitm  pra- 
ten'sl,  Curvs,  Cai'uon,lhe  Car' away.  (F.)  Carvi. 
Cumin  des  pres.  Family,  Umbel  lifer*.  Sex. 
Syst.  Pentandria  Digynia.  The  seeds,  Carna- 
ba'dia,  Car'oua,  are  carminative.  Dose,  gr.  x 
to  gij,  swallowed  whole  or  bruised.  The  oil, 
Oleum  Car'ut,  (F.)  Huile  de  Carvi,  has  the 
properties  of  the  seeds.     Dose,  gtt.  ij  to  vj. 

CAR'UNCLE,  Carun'cula,  diminutive  ol'caro, 
'flesh.'  A  small  portion  of  flesh,  Sar'cion.  A 
fleshy  excrescence, — Ecyhi/ma  carun'cula,  (F.) 
Caroncule. 

Caruncle,  Carnositas. 

Carun'cula  Lachryma'lis,  (F.)  Caroncule 
lacrymale.  A  small,  reddish,  follicular  body, 
situate  at  the  inner  angle  of  the  eye.  It  secretes 
a  gummy  substance. 

CAIlUNCULiECUTICULARES.Nymphce. 

Cahuncul^eMamilla'hks.  The  extremities  of 
the  lactiferous  tubes  in  the  nipples.  The  olfac- 
tory nerves  (q.  v.)  have  been  so  called  by  some. 

Caruncul*  Mvrtifor'mes,  C.  vagina'lcs, 
Glnn' dulse  myrtifor'mes,  (F.)  Caroncults  myrti- 
formes.  Small,  reddish  tubercles,  more  or  less 
firm,  of  variable  form,  and  uncertain  number, 
situate  near  the  orifice  of  the  vagina,  and  formed 
by  the  mucous  membrane.  They  are  regarded 
as  the  remains  of  the  hymen. 

CARU5cuLiEPAFiLLAUES,Papillaof the  kidney. 


CARUN'CULOUS.  Relating  to  carunclei 
or  carnosities.     Carun'culur. 

CARUON,  Caruin. 

CARUS,  xijoc,  Sopor  curo'ticus,  Profound 
sleep.  The  last  degree  of  coma,  with  complete 
insensibility,  which  no  stimulus  can  remove, 
even  for  a  few  instants.  Sopor,  Coma,  Luhar- 
gia,  and  Cams,  are  four  degrees  of  the  same 
condition. 

Carus  Apoplexia,  Apoplexy — c.  Asphyxia, 
Asphyxia — c.  Catalepsia,  Catalepsy — c.  Ecsta- 
sis,  Ecstasis — c.  Hydrocephalus,  Hydrocephalus 
internus — c.  ab  Insolatione,  Coup  de  soleil — c. 
Lethargus,  Lethargy — c.  Lethargus  cataphora, 
Somnolency — c.  Lethargus  vigil,  Coma  vigil— 
c.  Paralysis,  Paralysis — c.  Paralysis  paraplegia, 
Paraolegia — c.  Veternus,  Lethargy. 

CARVI,  Carum. 

CARYA,  Juglans  regia — c.  Basilica,  Juglans 
regia. 

CARYEDON  CATAGMA,  see  Fracture. 

CARYOCOST1NUM,  Confectio  scammonia?. 

CARYOCOSTINUS,  An  electuary  prepared 
of  the  costus  and  other  aromatic  substances,  &c. 
It  was  cathartic. 

CARYON  PONTICON,  Corylus  avellana 
(nut.) 

CARYOPHYLLA,  Geum  nrbanum. 

CARYOPHYLLUM  RUBRUM,  Dianthus 
caryophyllus. 

CARYOPHYLLUS  AMERICANUS,  see 
Myrtus  pimenta — c.  Aromaticus,  Eugenia  ca- 
ryophyllata — c.  Hortensis,  Dianthus  caryophyl- 
lus — c.  Vulgaris,  Geum  urbanum. 

CARYO'TI.  The  best  kind  of  dates.— Galen. 

CAS  RARES,  (F.)  Rare  cases.  This  term  in 
used,  by  the  French,  for  pathological  facts, 
which  vary  from  what  is  usual.  See  a  cele- 
brated, article  under  this  head  in  tbe  Diction- 
naire  des  Sciences  Mcdicales,  Vol.  iv. 

CAS  A  MUM.,  Cyclamen, 

CASAMUNAR,  Cassumuniar. 

CAS'CARA,  CASCARILXA,  Spanish  words 
which  signify  bark  and  little  bark,  under  which 
appellations  the  bark  (Cinchona)  is  known  in 
Peru.  They  are  now  applied  to  the  bark  of  the 
Crolon  Cascarilla. 

CASCARILLA,  Croton  cascarilla. 

CASCHEU,  Catechu. 

CASE,  Cupsa,  Theca,  (F.)  Caisse.  This 
name  is  given  to  boxes  for  the  preservation  of 
instruments;  or  for  medicines  necessary  in 
hospital  or  other  service.  We  say,  e.  g. — A. 
case  of  amputating,  or  trepanning  insti  uments. 

Case,  Casus,  from  caderc,  casurn,  '  to  fall.1 
The  condition  of  a  patient; — as  a  case  of  fever, 
Ac.  (F.)  Observation.  Abo,  the  history  of  a 
disease. 

CASEARIUS,  Cheesy. 

CASEIN,  Caseine,  Caseum,  Caseous  matter; 
from  caseus,  '  cheese.'  The  only  nilrogenized 
constituent  of  milk.  It  is  identical  in  compo- 
sition with  the  chief  constituents  of  blood — 
fibrin  and  albumen,  all  being  compounds  of 
protein.  A  similar  principle  exists  in  the  ve- 
getable, Vegetable  Casein  or  Legu'min.  It  i« 
chiefly  found  in  leguminous  seeds — peas,  beans, 
lentils.  Like  vegetable  albumen,  it  is  solu- 
ble in  water;  and  the  solution  is  not  coagulable 
by  heat. 

Casf.in,  Blood,  Globulin. 

CASEOSUS,  Cheesy. 

CASEOUS  MATTER,  Casein. 


CASEUM 


141 


CATABLEMA 


CASEUM,  Casein. 

CASEUS,  Cheese— c.  Equinus,  Hippace. 

CASEUX,  Cheesy. 

CASHEW,  Anacardium  occidentals. 

CASHOO.  An  aromatic  drug  of  Hindus- 
tan, said  to  possess  pectoral  virtues. 

CASHOW,  Catechu. 

CASIA,  Laurus  cassia. 

CASMINA,  Cassumuniar. 

CASSA,  Thorax. 

CASSADA  ROOT,  Jatropha  manihot. 

CASSAVA  ROOT,  Jatropha  manihot. 

CASSE  AROMATiqUE,  Laurus  cassia— c. 
en  Batons,  Cassia  fistula — c.  en  Bois,  Laurus 
cassia — c.  des  Boutiques,  Cassia  fistula — c.  Sme, 
Cassia  senna. 

CASSELUNETTES,  Cyanus  segetum,  Eu- 
phrasia officinalis. 

CASSEENA,  Ilex  vomitoria. 

CASSENOLES,  see  Quercus  infectoria. 

CASSIA,  Laurus  cassia — c.  Absus,  Absus — 
c.  Cinnamomea,  Laurus  cassia — c.  Caryophyl- 
lata,  Myrlus  caryophyllata — c.  Canella,  Laurus 
cassia — c.  Egyptian,  Cassia  senna. 

Cas'sia  Fis'tula,  Cas'sin  nigra,  Cassia  fislu- 
la'ris,  C.  Alexandria  no,  Canna,  Carina  solutt'va, 
Carina  fistula,  Cathartocar'pus,  Purging  Cas- 
sia, (F.)  Casse  Cancficier,  Casse  en  bdtons,  Casse 
des  Boutiques.  The  pulp  of  Cassia  Fis'tula 
or  Cathartocar'pus  Fis'tula;  Fam.  Leguminosar, 
Sex.  Sijst  Decandria  Monogynia,  Pu/pa  Cas'sia, 
Cassix  Ar amentum,  Cassia  Fistulx  Pulpa,  (Ph. 
U.  S.),  which  is  obtained  in  long  pods,  is  black, 
bright,  and  shining;  sweet,  slightly  acid  and 
inodorous.     It  is  laxative  in  the  dose  of  giv. 

^  §]• 

Cassia  Lignea,  Laurus  cassia — c.  Lignea 
Malabaiica,  Laurus  cassia. 

Cassia  M  arilaj/dica,  Senna  America'na, 
American  Scuna,  Wild  Senna,  Locust  plant, 
(F.)  Sine  a" J] men' que.  The  leaves  of  this  plant 
are  similar,  in  virtue,  to  the  cassia  senna.  They 
are,  however,  much  inferior  in  strength. 

Cassia,  Purging,  Cassia  fistula. 

Cassia  Senna.  The  name  of  the  plant  which 
affords  senna.  It  is  yielded,  however,  by  seve- 
ral species  of  the  genus  cassia.  The  leaves  of 
senna,  Se?inx  Folia,  Senna  Alexandri'na,  Senna 
Itai'ica,  Sena,  Senna  or  ^Egyptian  Cassia,  (F.) 
Sini,  Casse  Sine,  have  a  faint  smell,  and  bit- 
terish taste.  The  active  part  is  extracted  by 
alcohol  and  water.  Their  activity  is  injured 
by  boiling  water.  They  are  a  hydragogue  ca- 
thartic, and  apt  to  gripe.  Dose  of  the  powder, 
^j.  to  2fj.    'Infusion  is  the  best  form. 

CASSIA  ARAMENTUM,  see  Cassia  fistula 
— c.  Fistula?  pulpa,  see  Cassia  fistula — c.  Flores, 
eee  Laurus  cinnamomum. 

CASSIALA.  Hyssopus. 

CASSIDE  BLEUE,  Scutellaria  galericulata. 

CASShNA,  Ilex  vomitoria. 

CASSINE,  EVERGREEN,  Ilex  vomitoria. 

CASSIS,  Ribes  nigrum. 

CASSITEROS,  Tin. 

CASSUMU'NlAR,  Casamu'nar,  Zenimhet, 
Casmina,  Risagon,  Bengali  lndo'ncm,  Bengal' 
Root,  (F  )  Racine  de  Benga/e.  A  root,  obtained 
from  the  East  Indies,  in  irregular  slices  of  va- 
rious forms;  some  cut  transversely,  others  lon- 
gitudinally. It  is  an  aromatic  bitter,  and  is 
consequently  tonic  and  stimulant.  It  was  once 
considered  a  panacea,  and  has  been  referred  to 
Zingiber  Cassumuniar,  and  to  Zingiber  Zerumbet. 


CASSUV1UM  POMIFERUM,  Anacardium 
occidentale. 

CASTANEA,  Fagus  castanea,  see  also  Fagus 
castanea  pumila — c.  Equina,  ^Esculus  Hippo- 
castanum — c.  Pumila.  Fagus  castanea  pumila. 

CASTELLAMARE  Dl  STABIA,  WATERS 
OF.  Castellamare  di  Stabia  is  a  town  in  Na- 
ples, in  the  Principato  Citra,  15  miles  S.  S.  E. 
of  Naples.  There  are  two  springs  here,  the 
one  sulphureous,  the  other  chalybeate. 

CASTELLETTO  ADONO,  WATERS  OF. 
These  wateTs,  situate  neat  Acqui,  in  Italy,  are 
sulphureous. 

CASTE RA-VIVENT,  WATERS  OF.  Cas- 
tera-Vivent  is  a  small  village  in  the  depart- 
ment of  Gers,  near  which  is  a  cold  acidulous 
chalybeate,  and  another  which  is  sulphureous 
and  thermal.     Temp.  84°  Fahrenheit. 

CASTIGANS,  Corrigent. 

CASTJOE,  Catechu. 

CASTLE-LEOD,  WATERS  OF.  A  sul- 
phureous spring  in  Ross-shire,  Scotland,  cele- 
brated for  the  cure  of  cutaneous  and  other  dis- 
eases. 

CASTOR  BAY,  Magnolia  glauca. 
Castor  Fiber,  Fiber,  Cam's  Pon'ticus.  The 
Beaver,  (F.)  Castor.  It  furnishes  the  Castor. 
Rondelet  recommends  slippers  made  of  its  skin 
in  gout.  Its  blood,  urine,  bile,  and  fat,  were 
formerly  used  in  medicine. 

Castor  Oji.  Plant,  Ricinus  communis. 

CASTO'REUM,  Castor,  Custoretim  Pos'si- 
cum  et  Canaden'se,  from  y.aaraio, '  the  beaver,' 
quasi  yuriu^,  from  ywrTr^,'  the  belly,'  because 
of  the  size  of  its  belly ;  or  a  castrando.  A  pecu- 
liar matter,  found  in  bags,  near  the  rectum  of 
the  beaver,  Castor  fiber.  Its  odour  is  strong, 
unpleasant,  and  peculiar;  taste  bitter,  subacrid; 
and  colour  orange-brown.  It  is  antispasmodic, 
and  often  employed.     Dose,  gr,  x.  to^j- 

CASTRANGULA,  Scrophularia  aquatica. 

C ASTRA T,  Castralus. 

CASTRA'TION,  Castrd'tio,  Ed  tome,  Evira'- 
tio,  Excastra'tio,  Etesticula'tio ,  Dttesta'lio,  Ex- 
sec'tio  virifium,  Eunu clus' mus,  Celotom'ia,  Or- 
chotom'ia,  Orcheol'omy,  Orchidvt' omy ,  (F.)  Cliat- 
rure.  The  operation  of  removing  the  testicles. 
Sometimes,  the  term  is  employed  for  the  ope- 
ration, when  performed  on  one  testicle;  hence 
the  division  into  complete  and  incomplete  castra- 
tion. Castration  renders  the  individual  inca- 
pable of  reproduction. 

CASTRATO,  Castratus. 

CASTRA'TUS,  (1.)  CastraHo,  Ectom'ius, 
Emascala'tus,  Evira'lus,  Exscctus,  Desedtus, 
Er.ltstieula'ius,  lntestab'ilis,  Intesta'tus,  Spado, 
Apoc'opus,  Bago'as,  from  castrare,  '  to  castrate.' 
One  deprived  of  testicles,  (F.)  Castrat,  Chatri. 
This  privation  has  a  great  influence  on  the  de- 
velopment of  puberty.  It  is  adopted  to  procure 
a  clearer  and  sharper  voice;  and  in  the  East, 
the  guardians  of  the  Harem,  for  the  sake  of  se- 
curity, are  converted  into  Castra'ti  or  Eu'nuchs, 
ivrov/oi.  Eunuchs  have  generally  both  testes 
and  penis  removed. 

CASUS,  Prolapsus — c.  Palpebraj  superioris, 
Blepharoptosis. 

CATA,  Kara,  '  downwards;'  'after,'  applied 
to  time:  a  common  prefix,  as  in — 

CATAB'ASIS,  from  xara(ianv>,  'I  descend.' 
An  expulsion  of  humours  downwards. 

CATABLE'MA,  k<xt*{1kiu«,  (**r*  and  $<tl- 


CATABYTHISMOMANIA 


142 


CATAPLASMA  SIN  APIS 


if  iv,)  '  any  thing  let  fall,  as  a  curtain,'  Epible'- 
ma,  Perible'ma.  The  outermost  bandage  which 
secures  the  rest. 

CATABYTHISMOMA'NIA,  from  x*t*/»u- 
(Siopog,  'submersion,'  and  ptavia,  'mania.'  In- 
sanity, with  a  propensity  to  suicide  by  drowning. 

CATACATJMA,  Burn. 

CATACAUSIS,  Combustion,  human— c. 
Ebriosa,  Combustion,  human. 

CATACERASTICUS,  from  teantxsQavwui, 
'  I  temper,'  'I  correct.'  The  same  as  Epiceras- 
ticus.  A  medicine  capable  of  blunting  the  ac- 
rimony of  humours. 

CAT ACHASMOS,  Scarification. 

CATACHRISIS,  Inunction. 

CATACHR1STON,  Liniment. 

CATACH'YSIS,  Effiu'sio,  Perfu'sio,  from 
xara^sco,  'I  pour  upon.'  Affusion  with  cold 
water. — Hippocr.  Decantation,  (q.  v.) 

CATAC'LASIS,  from  xsTctx^caio, '  I  break  to 
pieces.'  Cam'pylum,  Campylo'tis.  Distortion 
or  spasmodic  fixation  of  the  eyes;  spasmodic 
occlusion  of  the  eyelids;  also,  fracture  of  a 
bone — Hippocr.,  Vogel. 

CATACLRIS';  from  Kara,  'beneath,'  and 
xXeig,  'the  clavicle.'  This  term  has  been  ap- 
plied to  many  parts,  as  to  the  first  rib,  the 
acromion,  the  joining  of  the  sternum  with  the 
ribs,  &c. 

CATACLYS'MUS,  Cataclys'ma,  from  vara- 
y.lvttiv,  '  to  submerge,  inundate.'  A  Clyster. — 
Hippocr.  Others  mean,  by  the  term,  a  shower- 
bath,  or  copious  affusion  of  water;  Catxone'sis. 
Ablution,  (q.  v.)  Douche,  (q.  v.) 

CATjEONESIS,  Catantlema,  Cataclvsmus. 

CATAGAUNA,  Carnbogia. 

CATAGMA,  Fracture— c.  Fissura,  Fissure, 
see  Contrafissura — c.  Fractura,  Fracture. 

CATAGMAT'ICS,  Catagmat'ica  reme'dia, 
from  Kurayu a,  '  fracture.'  Remedies  supposed 
to  be  capable  of  occasioning  the  formation  of 
callus. 

CATALEN'TIA.  Epilepsy,  (q.  v.)  or  some 
disease  resembling  it. — Paracelsus. 

CATALEPSIA  SPURIA,  Ecstasis. 

CAT'ALEPSY,  Catalep'sia,  Catnlcp'sis,  Cat'- 
oche,  Cat'oclius,  Cato'cha  Gale'ni,  Morbus  atlon'- 
itus  celsi,  Hystc'ria  catalep'tica,  Congela'tio, 
Deten'lia,  Encatalep'sis,  Aphonia — (Hippocr.,) 
Anau'dia — (Antigenes.,)  Apprehen'sio,  Contem- 
pla'tio,  Stupor  vig" Hans,  Prehen' sio,  Carus  Cata- 
lep'sia, Trance  (?)  Oppres'sio,  Comprehen'sio — 
(Cffil.  Aurelian.),  Apoplcxfia  Catalep'sia,  from 
xarakau(iarvi,  '  1  seize  hold  of,'  (F.)  Catalepsie. 
A  disease  in  which  there  is  sudden  suspension 
of  the  action  of  the  senses  and  of  volition;  the 
limbs  and  trunk  preserving  the  different  posi- 
tions given  to  them.  It  is  a  rare  affection,  but 
is  seen,  at  times,  as  a  form  of  hysteria.  Some 
of  the  Greek  writers  have  used  the  word  in  its 
true  acceptation  of  a  seizure,  surprise,  &c. 

CATAL'PA,  C.  Arbo'rra,  Bigno'nia  Catalpa, 
Catal'pa  Cordifo'lia,  C.  Arbores'cens.  The  de- 
coction of  the  pods  of  the  Catalpa,  an  Ameiican 
tree,  of  the  Nat.  Farm.  BignoniaceaB,  Didyna- 
mia  Angiospermia,  has  been  recommended  in 
chronic  nervous  asthma. 

CATALYSIS,  Paralysis,  (q.  v.)  from  y.uia,  and 
Ivm,  'I  dissolve  or  decompose.'  The  action  of  pre- 
sence in  producing  decomposition;  as  when  a 
body  which  possesses  what  has  been  termed 
catalytic  force  resolves  other  bodies  into  new 


compounds  by  mere  contact  or  presence,  with- 
out itself  experiencing  any  modification. 

CATALYTIC  FORCE,  see  Catalysis. 

CATAMENIA,  Menses— c.  Alba,  Leucor- 
rhcea. 

CATAMENIORUM  FLUXUS  1MMOD1. 
CUS,  Menorrhagia. 

CATANANCE,  Cichorium  intybus. 

CATANGELOS,  Ruscus. 

CATANTLE'MA  and  CATANTLE'SIS, 
from  y.aia,  '  upon,'  and  arrXaw,  '  I  pour,'  Cateo- 
ne'sis  and  Catseone'sis.  Ablution  with  warm 
water.  A  fomentation. — Moschion,  Marcellus 
Empiricus. 

CATAP AS'MA,  from  xaranaaovi,  'I  sprinkle,' 
Catapas'tum,  Consper'sio,  Epipas'ton,  Pasma, 
Sympas'ma,  Empaslma,  Xerion,  Aspcr'sio.  Com- 
pound medicines,  in  the  form  of  powder,  em- 
ployed by  the  ancients  to  sprinkle  on  ulcers,  ab- 
sorb perspiration,  &c. — Paulus  of  ./Egina. 

CATAPH'ORA,  'a  fall,'  from  y.JjatftQw,  'I 
throw  down.'  A  state  resembling  sleep,  with 
privation  of  feeling  and  voice.  Somnolency, 
(q.  v.)  According  to  others,  Cataphora  is  sim- 
ply a  profound  sleep,  which  it  is  difficult  to 
rouse  from — in  this  sense  being  synonymous 
with  Sopor,  (q.  v.) 

Cataphoua  Hydrocf.phalica,  see  Apoplexy 
— c.  Cymini,  Theriaca  Londinensis. 

CATAPHRAC'TA,  a  Cuirass,  from  *«t«- 
(pqaaau,  'I  fortify.'  A  name  given  by  Galen  to 
a  bandage  applied  round  the  thorax  and  shoul- 
ders. It  was  also  called  Q/uad?-i'ga. 
'  CAT'APLASM,  Cataplus'ma,  Epiplas'ma, 
Baos,  Poultice,  Pultice,  from  y.aranluoour,  (y.ara 
and  TiXaaottv,  '  to  form  or  mould,')  'to  besmear,' 
(F.)  Cataplasme.  A  medicine  to  be  applied  ex- 
ternally, under  the  form  of  a  thick  pap.  Cata- 
plasms are  formed  of  various  ingredients,  and 
for  different  objects.  They  may  be  anodyne, 
emollient,  tonic,  antiseptic,  irritating,  &c.  A  sim- 
ple poultice  acts  only  by  virtue  of  its  warmth 
and  moisture.  Meal,  fatty  substances,  leaves  of 
plants,  certain  fruits,  crumb  of  bread,  &c,  are 
the  most  common  bases.  The  chief  poultices 
which  have  been  officinal  are  the  following: — 
Anodyne, — c.  CicutEe,  c  Digitalis.  Antiseptic, 
— c.  Carbonis,  c.  Dauci,  c.  Fermenti,c.  Acetosae, 
c.  Cumini.  Emollient, — c.  Lini,  c.  Panis,  c. 
Mali  maturi.  Irritating, — c.  Sinapis,  c.  Muriatis 
Sodae,  c.  Quercus  Marini.  Tonic  and  Astrin- 
gent,— c.  Alum,  c.  Goulard,  c.  Rosas. 

The  Parisian  Codex  has  some  other  officinal 
cataplasms.  1.  Cataplas'ma  anod'ynum,  made 
of  poppy  and  hyoscyamus.  2.  Catap/as'maemol'- 
liens,  made  of  meal  and  pulps.  3.  Cataplas'ma. 
ad  suppuratio'  nem  promoven'dam,  of  pulps  and 
Basilicon.  4.  Cataplas'ma  rubrfa' ciens  vel  an- 
tipleurit'icum,  formed  of  pepper  and  vinegar. 

The  only  cataplasms,  the  preparation  of  which 
it  is  important  to  describe,  are  the  following: 

Cataplas'ma  Fermen'ti,  C.effervcs'cens,  Yeast 
Cataplasm  or  Poultice,  (F.)  Cataplasme  de  Le- 
vure.  (Take  of  meal  By,  yeast  fijss.  Expose  to 
a  gentle  heat.)  It  is  antiseptic,  and  a  good  ap- 
plication to  bruises. 

Cataplas'ma  Sina'pis,  C.  Sinn'peos,  Sina- 
pism, Mustard  Cataplasm  or  Poultice,  (F.)  Ca- 
taplasme dc  Moutard  ou  Sinapismc.  (Mustard 
and  Linseed  meal  or  meal  aa  equal  parts.  Warm 
vinegar,  or  water,  q  s.)  A  rubefacient  and  sti- 
mulant applied  to  the  soles  of  the  feet  in  coma, 


CATAP  LEXIS 


143 


CATARRH 


low  typhus,  &c,  as  well  as  to  the  pained  part 
in  rheumatism,  &c. 

CATAPLEX'IS,  Stupor,  from  y.ara,  and  nha- 
oto,  '  I  strike.'  The  act  of  striking  with  amaze- 
ment. Appearance  of  astonishment  as  exhibited 
by  the  eyes  in  particular.     See  Htemodia. 

CATAPOSIS.  Deglutition. 

CATA  POTION,  Pilula. 

CATA  PSYX'JS,  from  y.axa-ajvyw,  'Irefrige- 
rate.'  Periysygfis,  Considerable  coldness  of  the 
body,  without  rigor  and  liorripilatio. — Galen. 
Perfrictio.  Coldness  in  the  extreme  parts  of 
the  limhs. — Hippocr. 

CATAPTO'SIS,  Deciden'tia,  a  fall.  This 
word  expresses,  sometimes,  the  fall  of  a  patient, 
attacked  with  epilepsy,  (q.  v.)  or  apoplexy;  at 
others,  the  sudden  resolution  of  a  paralytic  limb. 

CATAPULT  A  VIR I  LIS,  Penis. 

CATAPUTIA,  MINOR,  Euphorbia  lathyris, 
Ricinus  communis. 

CAT'AUACT,  Catarac'la,  Catarrliac'ta,  Suf- 
fu'sio  Ocvli,  Piliarma  catarac'ta,  Cali'go  lentis, 
Gulta  opo'ca,  Hypoc'hyma,  Hypoc'/iysis,  Phaco- 
scoto'ma,  Parop'sis  catarac'la,  Glaucu'ma  IVoul- 
liou'si.  from  xaraQaoottv  (zur«  and  ouooctv),  '  to 
tumble  down.'  A  deprivation  of  sight,  which 
comes  on.  as  if  a  veil  fell  before  the  eyes.  Ca- 
taract consists  in  opacity  of  the  crystalline  lens 
or  its  capsule,  which  prevents  the  passage  of 
the  rays  of  light,  and  precludes  vision.  The 
causes  are  obscure.  Diagnosis. — The  patient 
is  blind,  the  pupil  seems  closed  by  an  opake 
body,  of  variable  colour,  but  commonly  whitish: 
—  Ihe  pupil  contracting  and  dilating.  Cataracts 
have  been  divided,  by  some,  into  spurious  and 
genuine.  The  former,  where  the  obstacle  to  vi- 
sion is  between  the  capsule  of  the  lens  and  the 
uvea:  the  latter,  where  it  is  in  the  lens  or  cap- 
sule. A  lenticular  cataract  is  where  the  affection 
is  seated  in  the  lens; — a  capsular  or  membranous, 
in  the  capsule.  The  capsular  is  divided  again, 
by  Beer,  into  the  anterior,  posterior,  and  com- 
plete capsular  cataract.  When  the  capsule  is 
rendered  opake, in  consequence  of  an  injury, 
which  cuts  or  ruptures  any  part  of  it,  it  thick- 
ens, becomes  leathery,  and  has  been  called  Ca- 
tarac'ta ar'ida  sili.quo'sa.  Catarac'ta  Morsagnial '- 
na  lactca  vel  purifor' mis,  is  the  milky  variety,  in 
which  the  crystalline  is  transformed  into  a  li- 
quid similar  to  milk,  (F.)  Cataracte  laitevse ;  or, 
as  generally  defined,  in  which  there  is  opacity 
of  the  fluid  situate  between  the  lens  and  its 
capsule.  The  cap'sulo-lentic'ulur  affects  both  lens 
and  capsule,  and  Beer  conceives  the  liquor  Mor- 
gagni,  in  an  altered  state,  may  contribute  to  it. 
Cataracts  are  also  called  stony,  (F  )  {pierrcuse,) 
milky  or  cheesy,  (laitevse  ou  caseuse,)  according 
to  their  density: — white,  pearly,  yellow,  brown, 

fray,  green,  black,  (F.)  blanche,  perl6e,  jaune, 
rune,  grise,  verte,  noue,  according  to  their  co- 
lour:— -fixed  or  vacillating, — catarac'ta  capsulo- 
lenticula'ris  fixa  vel  trem'ula,  (F.)  fixe  ou  bran- 
lunte,  according  as  they  are  fixed  or  movable 
behind  the  pupil.  They  are  likewise  called 
Cataracts  viannora'cix,  fenestra'lx,  stc/la'tx, 
puncta'tx,dimidia'tx.  &,c,  according  to  the  ap- 
pearances they  present. 

They  may  also  be  simple  or  complicated  with 
adhesion,  amaurosis,  specks,  &c;  and  primary 
or  primitive,  when  opake  before  the  operation  ; 
— secondary,  when  the  opacity  is  the  result  of 
the  operation. 

Cataract  is  commonly  a  disease  of  elderly  in- 


dividuals, although,  not  ^infrequently,  congen- 
ital. It  forms  slowly  ;  objects  are  at  firs-t  seen" 
as  through  a  mist;  li^ht  bodies  appear  to  fly 
before  the  eyes,  and  it  is  not  until  alter  months 
or  years  that  the  sight  is  wholly  lost.  No  means 
will  obviate  the  evil  except  an  operation,  which 
consists  in  removing  the  obstacle  to  the  passage 
of  the  light  to  the  retina.  Four  chief  methods 
are  employed  fortius  purpose.  I.  Couching  or 
Depression,  (F.)  Abaissement,  Diplacement  dc  la 
Cataracte.  This  consists  in  passing  a  cataract 
needle  through  the  sclerotica  and  subjacent 
membranes,  a  little  above  the  transverse  dia- 
meter of  the  eye;  and  at  about  two  lines'  dis- 
tance from  the  circumference  of  the  transparent 
cornea,  until  the  point  arrives  in  the  posterior 
chamber  of  the  eye.  With  this  the  crystalline 
is  depressed  to  the  outer  and  lower  part  of  the 
globe  of  the  eye,  where  it  is  left.  2.  By  ab- 
sorption,— by  the  French  termed  broiement,  or 
bruising.  This  is  performed  in  the  same  manner 
as  the  former;  except  that,  instead  of  turning 
the  crystalline  from  the  axis  of  the  visual  rays, 
it  is  divided  by  the  cutting  edge  of  the  needle, 
and  its  fragments  are  scattered  in  the  humours 
of  the  eye,  where  they  are  absorbed.  3.  By  ex- 
traction, which  consists  in  opening,  with  a  parti- 
cular kind  of  knife,  the  transparent  cornea  and 
the  anterior  portion  of  the  capsule  of  the  crystal- 
line; and  causing  the  lens  to  issue  through  the 
opening.  Each  of  the  processes  has  its  advan- 
tages and  disadvantages,  and  all  are  used  by 
surgeons.  4.  Some,  again,  pass  a  cataract  needle 
through  the  transparent  cornea  and  pupil  to 
the  crystalline,  and  depress  or  cause  its  absorp- 
tion.    This  is  called  Keratonyxis,  which  see. 

Cataract,  Black,  Amaurosis. 

CATARACTA  GLAUCA,  Glaucoma— c. 
Nigra,  Amaurosis. 

CATARACTE,  ABAISSEMENT  DE  LA, 
see  Cataract — c.  Diplacement  de  la,  see  Cataract 
— c.  Noire,  Amaurosis. 

CATARACTA,  (F.)  Catarac'tvs,  Catarac'ta 
vitia'lus.  One  affected  with  cataract.  The 
French  use  this  term,  both  for  the  eye  affected 
with  cataract  and  the  patient  himself. 

CATARlA,see  Nepeta. 

CATARRH',  Catar'rhus,  Catar'rhopus,  Ca- 
tarrheu'ma,  Rheuma,  Deflux'io,  from  xara, 
'  downwards,'  and  qsw,  '  I  flow.'  A  discharge  of 
fluid  from  a  mucous  membrane.  The  ancients 
considered  the  catarrh  as  a  simple  flux,  and  not 
as  an  inflammation.  Generally  it  partakes  of 
this  character,  however.  Catarrh  is,  with  us, 
usually  restricted  to  the  inflammation  of  the 
mucous  membrane  of  the  air-passages:  the 
French  extend  it  to  that  of  all  mucous  mem- 
branes.    (F.)  Flux  munueux,  Fluxion  catarrhale. 

Catarrh,  in  the  English  sense,  Rheuma  Pec'- 
toris,  Dcstilta'tio  Pec'toris,  Catar'rhus  Pec'toris, 
Blennop' lysis,  Tus'sis  catarrha'lis  simplex,  Ana- 
calhar'sis  catairha'lis  simplex,  Grave' do  (of 
many,)  Febris  Catarrha'lis,  Blcnnotho'rax,  Bron- 
chi'lis,  Catar'rhus  afri'gorS,  (F.)  Catarrhc  put 
monaire,  Fihvre  Catarrhale,  Rhume  de  Poilrine, 
a  Cold,  is  a  superficial  inflammation  of  the  mu- 
cous follicles  of  the  trachea  and  bronchi.  It  is 
commonly  an  affection  of  but  little  consequence, 
but  apt  to  relapse  and  become  chronic.  It  is 
characterized  by  cough,  thirst,  lassitude,  fever, 
watery  eyes,  with  increased  secretion  of  mucus 
from  the  air-passages.  The  antiphlogistic  regi- 
men and  time  usually  remove  it.    Sometimes, 


CATARRH,  ACUTE 


144 


CATHEMERUS 


the  inflammation  of  the  bronchial  tubes  is  so 
great  as  to  prove  fatal. 

Catarrh,  Acutk,  of  the  Uterus,  see  Me- 
tritis—  c.  Chronic,  Bronchitis,  (chronic)  —  c. 
Dry,  see  Bronchitis — c.  Pulmonary,  Bronchitis 
— c.  Rose,  Fever,  hay — c.  Suffocating  nervous, 
Asthma  Thymicum — c.  Summer,  Fever,  hay. 

Catarrh',  Epidem'ic,  Catar'rhus  epidem'icus, 
C.  a  conta'gio,  Rheuma  epidem'icum.  Catarrh 
prevailing  owing  to  some  particular  Conslitutin 
tieris,  and  affecting  a  whole  country: — Influ- 
enza, (q.  v.) 

CATARRHACTA,  Cataract. 
C.1TARRHE  AIGUE  BE  L  UTERUS,  see 
Metritis  —  c.  Buccal,  Aphthae — c.  Convulsive, 
Bronchitis — c.  Gastrique,  Gastritis— c.  Guttural, 
Cynanche  tonsillaris — r.  latest inal.  Diarrhoea — 
C.  Laryngien,  Laryngitis — c.  Nasal,  Coryza — c. 
Oculairc,  Ophthalmia — c.  de  i Oreille,  Otirrhcea 
— c.  Pharyngicn,  Cynanche  parotidea — c.  Pitui- 
Uvx,  Bronchorrhoea — c.  Pulmonaire,  Catarrh — 
c.  Sec;  see  Bronchitis — c.  Stomacal,  Gastror- 
rhoea — c.  Uterin,  Leucorrhcea — c.  Vesical,  Cys- 
tirrhoea. 

CATARRH EO'TIC A,  from  KaTaQQrjytvut,  'I 
break  down.'  Remedies  considered  proper  for 
dissolving;  —  as  diuretics,  cathartics,  «fcc. — 
Hippoc. 

CATARRHEUMA,  Catarrh. 
CATARRHEUX,    (F.)    Catarrho'sus.      One 
subject  to  catarrh,  affected  with  catarrh. 

CATARRHEXTA,  Catarrluxis;  same  ety- 
mon as  Catarr hectical  the  action  of  Catarrhec- 
tica.     Also,  effusion;  evacuation  of  the  bowels. 
CATARRHEXIS,  Catarrhexia,  Excrement, 
(q.  v.)  — c.  Vera.  Hoematochezia. 

CATARRHCE'CUS,  from  *.ajaqQia,  'I  flow 
from.'  An  epithet  for  disease,  produced  by  a 
discharge  of  phlegm;  catarrhal. 

CATAR'RHOPA  PHY'MATA,  from  varan- 
Qonoq,  y.araoQoni;g,  '  sloping  downwards.'  Tu- 
bercles tending  downwards,  or  with  their  apices 
downwards. 

CATARRHOPHE,  Absorption. 
CATARR  1-1 0'PIA,  Calar'rlujsis,  from  *«t«, 
•  downwards,'  and  ootd;,  'inclination.'  An  afflux 
of  fluids  towards  the  inferior  parts,  and  espe- 
cially towards  the  viscera  of  the  abdomen.  The 
Greek  word  araQooma  expresses  an  opposite 
phenomenon,  or  a  tendency  towards  the  upper 
parts. 

CATARRHOPUS,  Catarrh. 
CATARRHUS,  Defluxion,  Tussis— c.  JEsli- 
vus,  Fever,  hay — e.  Bellinsulanus,  Cynanche 
parotidaea — c.  Bronchiorum,  Bronchitis  —  c.  a 
Contagio,  Influenza — c.  Epidemicus,  Influenza, 
Catarrh,  epidemic — c.  Gonorrhoea,  Gonorrhoea 
— c.  Intestinalis,  Diarrhoea — c.  ad  Nares,  Coryza 
— c.  Fulmonum,  Bronchitis — c.  Senilis,  Bron- 
chitis (chronic) — c.  Suffocativus  Barbadensis, 
C.  trachealis — c.  Urethrals,  Gonorrhoea — c.  Ve- 
sicae, Cystirrhoea. 

CATARRHYSIS,  Catarrhopia,  Defluxion. 
CATARTIS'MUS,  from  *.wtagxitnv,  'tore- 
pair,  replace.'     The  coaptation  of  a  luxated  or 
i'lactuied  bone. 

CATASCEUE,  Structure. 
CATASTAGMOS,  Coryza. 
CATASTALAGMOS,  Coryza,  Distillation. 
CATAS'TASIS,    from    Ka9taryjni,    'I    esta- 
blish.'    The  constitution,  state,  condition,  &c. 
of  any  thing. — Hippoc.     Also  the  reduction  of 
a  bone.     See  Constitution,  and  Habit  of  Body. 


CATAT'ASIS,  from  **tot«»«,  'I  extend,' 
extension,  (q.  v.)  The  extension  and  reduc- 
tion of  a  fractured  limb. —  Hippoc. 

CATATHLIPSIS,  Oppression. 

CATAXIS,  Fracture. 

CATCH  FLY,  Apocynum  androsaemifolium, 
Silene  Virginica. 

CATCHUP,  Ketchup. 

CAT'ECHU.  The  extract  of  various  parts 
of  the  Acacia  Cat'ecliu,  Casetcltu,  an  oriental  tree. 
The  drug  is  also  called  Terra  Japan' ica,  Ex- 
trad  turn  Catechu,  Japan  Earth,  Cascheu,  Cadt- 
chu,  Cashow,  Caitchu,  Castjoe,  Cacau,  Cale, 
Kaath,  Cuti,  Cutch,  Cairn,  Succus  Japon'icus. 
(F.)  Cachou.  It  is  a  powerful  astringent,  and 
is  used  in  diarrhoea,  intestinal  hemorrhage,  &c. 
Dose.  gr.  xv.  to  t^ss  in  powder. 

CATEIAD'iON,  from  k*t*,  and  t,a, '  a  blade 
of  grass.'  A  long  instrument,  thrust  into  the 
nostrils  to  excite  hemorrhage  in  headache.— 
Aretaens. 

CATENA  MUSCULUS,  Tibialis  anticus. 

CATEONES1S,  Catantlema. 

CATGUT,  Galega  Virginiana. 

CATH^E'R  ES1S,  xa^aioes-.c, '  subtraction,  di- 
minution.' Extenuation  or  exhaustion,  owing 
to  forced  exercise. —  Hippoc. 

CATH.ERETICUS,  Catheretic. 

CATHARETICUS,  Cathartic. 

CATHAR1SMOS,  Depuration. 

CATHAR'MA,  Purgament'um.  Matterseva- 
cuated  by  a  purgative,  or  by  spontaneous  purg- 
ing, also,  a  cathartic,  (q.  v.) 

CATHAR'MUS.  Same  etymon;  a  purga- 
tion.— Hippoc.  Also,  the  cure  of  a  disease  by 
magic.  &c. 

CATHAR'SIS,  from  x*#* <§{<>,  (xafl'  and 
atQiir,  '  to  take  away,')  'to  purge.'  Pur go! tin, 
Apucathar'sis,  Cvprupku'ria.  A  natural  or  arti- 
ficial purgation  by  any  passage; — mouth,  anus, 
vagina,  &c.     ' 

CATHARTIC,  Cat  har1 liens,  Catharc'licus, 
Cathar' ma,  Coprocrit'ica,  Dejecto'rium  Remd- 
dium,  Eccathar 'ticus ,  Hypac'ticus,  Hypel'atns, 
Lapac'ticus,  Apocathar 'ticus.  Same  etymon.  (F.) 
Catharlique.  A  medicine,  which,  when  taken 
internally,  increases  the  number  of  alvine  eva- 
cuations. Some  substances  act  upon  the  upper 
part  of  the  intestinal  canal,  as  calomel  and  colo- 
cynlh;  others,  on  the  lower  parts,  as  aloes;  and 
some  on  the  whole  extent,  as  saline  purgatives. 
Hence  a  choice  may  be  necessary.  Cathartics 
are  divided  into  Purgatives  and  Laxitives, 
(q.  v.)  The  following  is  a  list  of  the  chief  Ca- 
thartics: 

Aloe,  Cassia  Marilandica,  Colocynthis,  Ela- 
terium,  Gambogia,  Hydrargyri  Chloridum  mite, 
Hydrargyri  Oxydum  nigrum,  llydrarg.  cum 
Magnesia,  Jalapa,  Juglans.  Magnesia,  Magne- 
sia; Carbonas,  Magnesias  Sulphas,  Manna,  Man- 
nita,  Oleum  Euphorbiae  Lathyridis,  Oleum  Ri- 
cini,  Oleum  Tiglii,  Podophyllum,  Potassae 
Acetas,  Potassae  Bisulphas,  Potassae  Sulphas, 
Potassae  Supertartras,  Potassae  Tartras,  Kheum, 
Scammoniuin,  Senna,  Sinapis,  Sodae  et  Potassae 
Tartras,  Sodae  Phosphas,  Sodae  Sulphas,  Sodii 
Chloridum,  Sulphur,  Veralria,  Aquae  Minerales 
Sulphureae  et  Salinae,  Enemata,  Suppositoria. 

CATHARTINE,  see  Convolvulus  jalapa. 
CATHARTIQUE.  Cathartic. 
CATHARTOCARPUS,  Cassia  fistula. 
CATHEDRA,  Anus 
CATHEMERUS,  Quotidian. 


CATHERETIC 


145 


CAULOPHYLLUM 


CATHERETTC,  Catltscrel'icus,  Ectijlot'icus, 
Sarcophagus,  from  Kadm^etv,  'to  eat,'  'destroy.' 
Substances  applied  to  warts,  exuberant  granu- 
lations, &c,  to  eat  them  down.  They  are 
mild  caustics. 

CATH'ETER,  from  xadir^i,  (xa&\  and  iijmi, 
'to  send,')  'I  explore.'  JEne'a,  Al'galie,  Ca- 
thfte'ris,  De.missor>  Immis'sor.  A  hollow  tube, 
introduced  by  surgeons  into  the  urinary  blad- 
der, for  the  purpose  of  drawing  off  the  urine. 
Catheters  are  made  of  silver  or  elastic  gum. 
See  Bougie.  The  French  generally  use  the 
word  catheter  for  the  solid  sound  or  staff;  and 
ah"ilie  and  sonde  for  the  hollow  instrument. 
=CATHETERIS.  Catheter. 
CATHETERIS'MUS,  Calhele'risis,  Cathetc- 
risa'tio,  Calh'ctcrism,  same  etymon.  The  intro- 
duction of  a  catheter  or  sound  into  the  bladder, 
or  Eustachian  tube. 

CATHID'RYSIS,  from  xaSiSww,  'I  place 
together.'  Reduction  of  a  part  to  its  natural 
situation. 

CATHMIA,  Plumbi  oxydum  semi-vitreum. 
CATHMIR.  Calamina. 

CATH'OLIC  HUMOURS,  (F.)  Humeurs  Ca- 
tholioues,  are  the  fluids  spread  over  the  whole 
body. 

CATHOL'ICON  or  CATHOL'ICUM,  from 
xa6'  and  oXixog,  'universal.'  A  remedy,  be- 
lieved to  be  capable  of  curing  all  diseases;  a 
■panacea. 

Cathoi/icon  Duplex.  An  ancient,  purging 
electuary,  chiefly  composed  of  caseia,  tamarinds, 
rhubarb,  senna,  &c. 

CATIL'LIA.    A  weight  of  nine  ounces. 
CAT1LLUS,  Cup. 
CATINUS  FUSORIUS,  Crucible. 
CATLING,  Knife,  double-edged. 
CATO,  zuro), 'below,'  'beneath.'    This  word 
in  the  writings  of  Hippocrates,  is  often  used 
for    the    abdomen,    especially    the    intestines. 
When  he  advises  a  remedy — xurw,  he  means  a 
purgative;    when  aria,  above    or   upwards,  an 
emetic.     As   a  prefix,    Cato    means  'beneath,' 
as  in 

CATOCATHAR'TIC,  Catocathar'ticus,  from 
xarw,  'downwards,'  and  xu^aioiw,  'I  purge.' 
A  medicine,  which  purges  downwards.  One 
that  produces  alvine  evacuations.  The  antithe- 
sis to  Anacathartic. 

CATOCHA  GALEiNT.  Catalepsy. 
CAT'OCHEor  CAT'OCHEIS,  from  x*Tf/u>, 
'1  retain,'  'I  hold  fast.'  This  word  has,  by 
some,  been  used  synonymously  with  Catalep- 
sy, (q.  v .);  by  others,  with  Coma  vigil;  by 
others,  with  Tetanus. 

CATOCHUS,  Ecstasis— c.  Cervinus,  Teta- 
nus— c.  Holotonicus,  Tetanus— c.  Infantum, 
Induration  of  the  cellular  tissue. 

CATOMIS'MOS,  from  y.urw,  'beneath,'  and 
0710?,  'shoulder.'  Svbhumera'tio.  A  mode  with 
the  ancients  of  reducing  luxation  of  the  hume- 
rus by  raising  the  body  by  the  arm. — Paulus  of 

CATOPTRIC  EXAMINATION   OF  THE 


EYE.  When  a  lighted  candle  is  held  before 
the  eye,  three  images  of  it  are  seen — two  erect, 
and  one  inverted:— the  former  owing  to  reflec- 
tion from  the  cornea  and  anterior  surface  of 
the  crystalline;  the  latter  owing  to  reflection 
from  the  posterior  layer  of  the  crystalline. 
This  mode  of  examining  the  eye  has  been  pro- 
posed as  a  means  of  diagnosis  between  cataract 


and  amaurosis.     In   the  latter,  all  the  images 
are  seen. 

CATOPTROMANCY,from*aT<mT03»',(>*ra, 
and  cTiTufiat.)  'a  minor,'  and  fiavreta,  'divina- 
tion.'    A    kind  of  divination    by   means   of  a 
mirror. 
CATOPTER,  Speculum. 
CATOPTRON.  Speculum. 
CATORCHl'TES.    A  kind  of  sour  wine,  pre- 
pared with  the  orchis  and  black  grape,  or  dried 
figs.     It  was  formerly  employed  as  a  diuretic 
and  emmenagogue. — Dioscorid.     Called,  also, 
Si/cites. — Galen. 
CATORETICUS,  Purgative. 
CATOTERICUS,  Purgative. 
CATOT'ICA,   from    xirw,    'beneath.'     Dis- 
eases infecting   internal   surfaces.     Pravity  of 
the  fluids  or  emunctoiies,  that  open  on  the  in- 
ternal surfaces  of  orga  ns.     The  second  order  in 
the  class  Eccritica  of  Good. 

CATS    EYE,   AMAUROTIC,   see    Amau- 
rotic. 

CATSFOOT.  Antennaria  Dioica. 
CATTAGAUMA,  Cambogia. 
CATTITEROS,  Tin. 

CATULOT'ICUS,    from     xarouXouv,     (xara 
and  ovXottv,)  'to  cicatrize.'     A  remedy  for  re- 
moving cicatrices.— Galen.     A  medicine,  pro- 
per for  producing  cicatrization. 
CATU-TRIPALI,  Piper  longum. 
CAUCALOIDES,  Patella. 
CAUCUEMAR,  Incubus. 
CAUCIIEVIEILLE,  Incubus. 
CAUCHUC,  Caoutchouc. 
CAUDA,  Coccyx,  Penis. 
Cauda  Equi'na.    The  spinal  marrow,  at  its 
termination,   about    the    2d    lumbar    vertebra, 
gives   off  a   considerable    number   of    nerves, 
which,  when    unravelled,  resemble    a    horse's 
tail, — hence  the  name.     (F.)  Queue  de  Cheval, 
Q.  de  la  Moilk  Ephiiere.     See  Medulla  spinalis. 
Cauda  Salax,  Penis. 

CAUDA'TIO.  An  extraordinary  elongation 
of  the  clitoris. — Blasius. 
CAUDATUS,  Bicaudntus. 
CAUD1EZ,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Caudiez  is  a  small  town,  nine  leagues  from 
Perpignan,  where  there  is  a  thermal  spring, 
containing  a  little  sulphate  of  soda  and  iron. 

CAUL.  The  English  name  for  the  omen- 
tum. Also,  when  a  child  is  born,  with  the 
membranes  over  the  face,  it  is  said  to  have  been 
"born  with  a  caul."  In  the  catalogue  of  super- 
stitions, this  is  one  of  the  favourable  omens. 
The  caul  itself  is  supposed  to  confer  privileges 
upon  the  possessor;  hence  the  membranes  are 
dried,  and  sometimes  sold  for  a  high  price.  (L.) 
Pilus,  rileolus.  Galea,  Vitla.  (F.)  Coeffe,  Coiffe 
— (Etreni.  coiffi— "to  be  born  with  a  caul.") 
See  Epiploon. 

CAULE'DON,  Sicye'don,  from  xavXo?,  'a 
stalk.'     A  transverse  fracture. 

CAU'LIFLOWER,  Germ.  Kohl,  cabbage, 
and  flower  [?J   Brassica  Florida. 

Cauliflower  Exckf.s'cencf.,  Exrrescen'tia 
Syphilitica,  (F.)  Choufleur.  A  syphilitic  excres- 
cence, which  appears  about  the  origin  of  the 
mucous  membranes,  chiefly  about  the  anus  and 
vulva,  and  which  resembles,  in  appearance, the 
head  of  the  cauliflower. 

CAU  LIS.  Penis— c.  Florida,  Brassica  Florida. 

CAULOPHYL'LUM    THALICTROI'DES, 

LconHkl  thalktroi'des,  Bluefbcmj  Cohosh,   Co- 


CAULOPLEGIA 


146 


CAUSTICUM  COMMUNE 


hosh,  Coliush,  Blueberry,  Papoose  Root,  Squaic 
Root,  Blue  Ginseng,  Yellow  Ginseng,  a  plant. 
of  the  Family  Berberideoe;  Sex.  Syst.  Hexan- 
dria  Monogynia,  which  grows  all  over  the 
United  States,  flowering  in  May  and  June. 
The  infusion  of  the  root  is  much  used  by  the 
Indians  in  various  diseases.  To  it  are  ascribed 
emmenagogue  and  diaphoretic  virtues. 

CAULOPLE'GIA,  from  xauXoc,  'the  male 
organ,'  and  nfaiyii,  'a  wound,'  or  'stroke.'  An 
injury  or  paralysis  of  the  mule  organ. 

CAUMA,  y.avuu,  'a  burnt  part,'  from  y.aiw, 
'I  burn.'  Great  heat  of  the  body  or  atmosphere. 
Synocha  (q.  v.)  Empresma  (q.  v.) 

Cauma  Bkonohitis,  Cynanche  trachealis — c. 
Carditis,  Carditis — c.  Enteritis,  Enteritis — c. 
Gastritis.  Gastritis — c.  HoRinorrhagicum,  Hsg- 
morrhagia  activa— c.  Ophthalmitis,  Ophthalmia 
— c.  Peritonitis,  Peritonitis — c.  Phrenitis,  Phre- 
nitis — c.  Pleuritis,  Pleuritis— c.  Rheumatismus, 
Rheumatism,  acute. 

CAUNGA,  Areca. 

CAUSA  CONJUNCTA,  Cause,  proximate— 
c.  Continens,  Cause,  proximate. 

CAUSAE  ABDIT/E,  Causes,  predisponent  or 
remote — c.  Actuales,  Causes,  occasional — c. 
Prasincipientes,  Causes,  procatarctic — c.  Proe- 
gumense,  Causes,  predisponent. 

CAUSE,  Cau' sa,  Ai' tia,  Jii" lion.  An  act  which 
precedes  another,  and  seems  to  be  a  necessary- 
condition  for  the  occurrence  of  the  latter,  The 
causes  of  disease  are  generally  extremely  ob- 
scure; although  they,  sometimes,  are  evident 
enough.  The  predisponent  and  occasional 
causes  are  the  only  two,  on  which  any  stress 
can  be  laid;  but  as  authors  have  divided  them 
differently,  a  short  explanation  is  necessary. 

Cause,  Accessory,  (F.)  Cause  Accessoire, 
which  has  only  a  secondary  influence  in  the 
production  of  disease. 

Causes,  Accidental,  Common  Causes,  (F.) 
Causes  Accidentcllcs ,  are  those  which  act  only 
in  certain  given  conditions;  and  which  do  not 
always  produce  the  same  disease.  Cold,  e.  g., 
may  be  the  accidental  cause  of  pneumonia, 
rheumatism,  &c. 

CAUSES  CACHEES,  C.occult—c. Common, 
C.  accidental— c.  Exciting,  C.  Occasional, — c. 
Essential,  C.  Specific  —  c.  Diterminantes,  C. 
Specific — c    liloignces,  C.  predisponent. 

Causes,  External,  (F.)  Causes  exlernes,  are 
such  as  act  externally  to  the  individual;  as  air, 
cold,  &c. 

CAUSES  FORMELLES,  (F.)  are  such  as  de- 
termine the  form  or  kind  of  the  disease.  They 
differ  from  the  Causes  materiellcs,  which  are 
common  to  a  set  of  diseases;  as,  to  the  neuro- 
ses, phlegmasia?,  &c. 

Causes,  Hidden,  C.  occult. 

Causes,  Internal,  (F.)  Causes  internes,  are 
those  which  arise  within  the  body; — as  mental 
emotions,  &c. 

Causes,  Mechanical,  (F.)  Causes  mr'.can- 
iqites, are  those  which  act  mechanically,  as  pres- 
sure upon  the  windpipe  in  inducing  suffocation. 

Causes,  Negative,  (F.)  Causes  negatives, 
comprise  all  those  things,  the  privation  of  which 
may  derange  the  functions; — as  abstinence  too 
long  continued.  They  are  opposed  to  positive 
causes,  which,  of  themselves,  directly  induce 
disease; — as  the  use  of  indigestible  food,  spi- 
rituous drinks,  &c. 


Causes,  Obscure,  C.  occult. 

Causes,  Occasional  or  Exciting,  Causae  ac- 
lua'lcs,  (F  )  Causes  occasiorullcs,  are  those  which 
immediately  produce  disease. 

Causes,  Occult,  Hidden  causes,  Obscure 
causes,  (F.)  Causes  occu/lcs  ou  cacMes  ou  ob- 
scures. Any  causes  with  which  we  are  unac- 
quainted;— also,  certain  inappreciable  characters 
of  the  atmosphere,  which  give  rise  to  epidemics. 

Causes.  Physical,  (F.)  Causes  Physiques, — 
those  which  act  by  virtue  of  their  physical  pro- 
perties; as  form,  hardness,  &c.  All  vulne- 
rating  bodies  belong  to  this  class. 

Causes,  Physiological,  (F.)  Causes  Physi- 
ologiques,  those  which  act  only  on  living  mat- 
ter;— narcotics,  e.  g. 

Causes,  Predisponent.  Remote  causes,  Causse 
pro'egu'menaz,  Causse  al/dilae.  Causse  remo'tx; 
{¥.)  Causes  prddisponantcs,  Causes  eloignies, 
— those  which  render  the  body  liable  to  disease. 
They  may  be  general,  affecting  a  number  of 
people,  or  particular,  affecting  only  one  person. 

Causes,  Principal,  (F.)  Causes  principales 
— those  which  exert  the  chief  influence  on  the 
production  of  disease,  as  distinguished  from  the 
accessory  causes. 

Causes,  Procatarc'tic,  Causae  procatarc'ticm, 
Causse  praiincipien'tes,  from  noc xuraoy.x ixog; — 
the  origin  or  beginning  of  a  thingr,  (**rao/i», 
'1  begin,'  and  7rqo,  'before.')  These  words 
have  been  used,  in  different  significations. 
Some  have  employed  them  synonymously  with 
predisponent  or  remote  causes,  others,  with  occa- 
sional or  exciting  causes. 

CAUSE  PROCHJ1WE,  C.  proximate. 

Cause,  Proximate,  Causa  proxfima  vel  eon'- 
tinens  vel  conjunc'ta  (F.)  Cause  continente  ou 
prochaine,  is  the  disease  itself.  Superabundance 
of  blood,  e.  g.,  is  the  proximate  cause  of  plethora. 

Causes,  Remote,  C.  predisponent. 

Causes,  Specific,  Essential  causes,  fyc.  (F.) 
Causes  specifujues,  C.  essentielles.  Causes  dtter- 
minanlcs;  those,  which  always  produce  a  deter- 
minate disease:  contagion,  for  example. 

CAUSIS,  Burn,  Ebullition,  Fermentation, 
Incendium,  Ustion. 

CAUSOMA,  Inflammation. 

CAUS'TIC,  Caus'ticus,  Cauleret'icus,  Dix- 
rct'icus,  Ero'dens,  Pyrot'icus  from  xaico,  '  I  burn,' 
(F.)  Caustique.  Bodies,  which  have  the  pro- 
perty of  causticity ;  and  which,  consequently, 
burn  or  disorganize  animal  substances.  The 
word  is  also  used  substantively.  The  most  ac- 
tive are  called  Escharotics.  Caustics  are  also 
called  '  corrosives.' 

Caustic  Bearer,  Porte-causlique. 

CAUSTICA  ADUSTIO.  Cauterization. 

CAUSTICITY,  Caustic" 'itas, from  y.avariy.o;, 
'that  which  burns,'  (xaiw,  'I  burn.')  The  im- 
pression, which  caustic  bodies  make  on  the 
organ  of  taste;  or,  more  commonly, the"  property 
which  distinguishes  those  bodies. 

CAUSTICOPHORUM,  Porte-picrre. 

CAUSTICUM  ALKALINUM,  Potassa  fusa 
— c.  Americanum,  Veratrum  sabadilla — c.  Anti- 
moniale,  Antimonium  muriatum — c.  Commune, 
Potassa  fusa — c.  Commune  acerrimum,  Potassa 
fusa — c.  Commune  fortius,  Potassa  cum  calce 
— c.  Lunare,  Argenti  nitras — c.  Potcntiale,  Po- 
tassa fusa — c.  Salinum,  Potassa  fusa. 

Causticum  Commu'ne,  PoLcn'tial  Cau'tery, 
Common  Caustic,  Caute' rium  potentia'le,  Lapis 
scp'iicus,   Caus'ticum  commu'nS  nut'ius.    This 


CJUSTIQUE 


147 


CAVERNOUS  SINUS 


consists  of  quicklime  and  black  soap,  aa  equal 
parts. 

CAUST1QUE,  Caustic. 

CAUSUS,  from  y.aiw,  'I  burn.'  <  A  highly 
ardent  fever;  Diu'rens.  Pinel  regards  it  as  a 
complication  of  bilious  and  inflammatory  fever; 
Bronssais,  as  an  intense  gastritis,  accompanied 
with  bilious  symptoms.     See  Synocha. 

Causus,  Endemial,  of  the  West  Indies, 
Fever,  yellow — c.  Tropicus  endemicue,  Fever, 
yellow. 

CAUTER.  Cauterium. 

CJiUTRRE,  Cauterium,  Fonticulus— c.  Inld- 
rent,  Inherent  cautery. 

CAUTERKTICUS,  Caustic. 

CAUTERETS,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF 
C.  is  a.  bourg  seven  leagues  from  Bareges  (Hau- 
tcs-Pyrenees,)  France.  The  waters  are  hydro- 
sulphurous  and  thermal — temperature  1123°  F. 
They  are  used  in  the  same  cases  as  the  Bareges 
water. 

CAUTE'RIUM,  Cauter,  Cau'tcry,  lauslo'rium, 
Rupto'rinm,  from  xaito,  '  I  burn,'  (F.)  Cautere. 
Feu  nctuel.  A  substance,  used  for  burning  or 
disorganizing  the  parts  to  which  it  is  applied. 
Cauteiies  were  divided  by  the  ancients  into 
actual  and  potential.  The  word  is  now  restricted 
to  the  red-hot  iron;  or  to  positive  burning.  It 
was,  formerly,  much  used  for  preventing  he- 
morrhage from  divided  arteries;  and  also  with 
the  same  views  as  a  blister.  The  term  Poten- 
tial Cautery,  Caute'rium potential IS,  (F)  Feupo- 
tentiel,  was  generally  applied  to  the  causticum 
commune,  (q.  v.)  but  it  is  now  used  synony- 
mously with  caustic  in  general. 

Cuutire.  also  means  an  issue. 

CAU'TERIZATiON,  Cauterisa'tio,  Exus'tio, 
lnus'lio,  Caus'tica  Adus'tio.  The  effect  of  a 
cautery.  The  French,  amongst  whom  caute- 
rization is  much  used,  distinguish  five  kinds: 
1.  Cauterisation  inherent e,  which  consists  in  ap- 
plying the  actual  cautery  freely,  and  with  a 
certain  degree  of  force,  so  as  to  disorganize 
deeply.  2.  Cauterisation  transcvrrente,  which 
consists  in  passing  the  edge  of  the  Cautere  cul- 
tellaire,  or  the  point  of  the  Cautere  conique 
lightly,  so  as  not  to  disorganize  deeply.  3.  Cau- 
tirisation par pointes,  which  consists  in  applying 
on  the  skin,  here  and  there,  the  hot  point  of  the 
conical  cautery  with  sufficient  force  to  caute- 
rize the  whole  thickness  of  the  skin.  4.  Cau- 
terisation lente,  slow  cauterization,  by  means  of 
the  tnoxa.  5.  Cauterisation  objective,  which  con- 
sists in  holding  the  cautery  at  some  distance 
from  the  part  to  be  acted  upon  by  it. 

To  Cau'teiuze;  Caus'tico  adu'rere;  (F.) 
Cautdriser.  To  apply  the  cautery.  To  burn 
with  a  cautery. 

CAUTERY,  Cauterium— c.  Potential,  Caus- 
ticum commune. 

CAVA,  Vulva. 

Cava.  Vena.  The  hollow  or  deep-seated 
vein,  (F.)  Veine  cave.  A  name  given  to  the 
two  great  veins  of  the  body,  which  meet  at  the 
right  auricle  of  the  heart.  The  vena  cava  su- 
perior, thorad'ica  vel  descen'dens,  is  formed  by 
the  union  of  the  subclavians;  and  receives  suc- 
cessively, before  its  termination  at  the  upper 
part  of  the  right  auricle,  the  inferior  thyroid, 
right  internal  mammary,  superior  diaphragma- 
tic, azygos,  &c.  The  vena  cava  infe'rior,  abdomi- 
nal lis  vel  asem'dens,  arises  from  the  union  of 
the  two  primary  iliacs,  opposite  the  fourth  or 


fifth  lumbar  vertebra,  receives  the  middle  sacral, 
the  lumbar,  rigid  spermatic,  hepatic,  and  inferior 
diaphragmatics,  and  opens  at  the  posterior  and 
inferior  part  of  the  rio-fit  auricle. 

CAYATIO,  Cavity. 

CAVEA,  Cavity  — c.  Narium,  Nares. 

CAVER'  NA,rfntrum.  'A  cavern.'  This  term 
has  been  used  for  the  female  organs  of  gene- 
ration.    See  Cavity,  and  Vulva. 

Caverna  Narium,  Nares. 

CAVERNS  FRONT1S,  Frontal  sinuses. 

CAVERNEUX,  Cavernous. 

CAVERNOUS,  Carerno'sus,  (F.)  Cavcr- 
neux.  Filled  with  small  cavities  or  caverns, — 
as  a  sponge. 

Cavernous  Bodies,  Cor'pora  Caveunos'a,of 
the  Penis,  Cor'pora  nervo'sa,  C.  Ner'vco-spon- 
gio'sa  Penis,  (F.)  Corps  caverneux.  The  corpus 
cavernosum  is  a  kind  of  cylindrical  sac,  sepa- 
rated, through  its  whole  extent,  by  a  vertical,  in- 
complete septum;  and  forming  nearly  two-thirds 
of  the  penis.  The  corpus  cavernosum,  on  each 
side,  arises  from  the  ascending  portion  of  the 
ischium,  and  terminates  obtusely  behind  the 
glans.  The  arteries  of  the  corpora  cavernosa 
come  from  the  internal  pudic.  See  Helicine 
Arteries.  Nerves  are  found  on  the  surface  of 
the  outer  membrane,  but  they  do  not  appear  to 
penetrate  the  substance. 

M tiller's  researches  have  led  him  to  infer, 
that  both  in  man  and  the  horse,  the  nerves  of 
the  corpora  cavernosa  are  made  up  of  branches 
proceeding  from  the  organic  as  well  as  the  ani- 
mal system,  whilst  the  nervesof  animal  life  alone 
provide  the  nerves  of  sensation  of  the  penis. 

Cavernous  Bodies,  Corpora  Cavernosa,  of 
the  Clitoris,  are  two  hollow  crura,  forming 
the  clitoris. 

Cavernous  Body  of  the  Vagina,  Corpus 
Caverno'sum  Vagi'na,  Plexus  retiformis,  is  a 
substance,  composed  of  blood-vessels  and  cells, 
similar  to  those  of  the  penis  and  clitoris,  which 
covers  the  outer  extremity  of  the  vagina,  on 
each  side.  It  serves  to  contract  the  entrance 
to  the  vagina  during  coition. 

Cavernous  Respiration,  (F.)  When  a  ca- 
vity exists  in  the  lungs,  and  one  or  more  rami- 
fications of  the  bronchia  terminate  in  it,  a  loud 
tubal  noise  is  emitted,  provided  the  cavity  be 
not  filled  with  fluid,  which  is  called  cavernous 
respiration.  In  this  condition  the  cough  is  ca- 
vernous likewise,  (F.)  Toux  Cavemeuse.  When 
the  capacity  of  the  cavern  is  very  great,  the 
sound  of  respiration  is  like  that  produced  by 
blowing  into  a  decanter,  with  the  mouth  at  a 
little  distance  from  the  neck.  This  kind  of  ca- 
vernous respiration  has  been  called  amphoric, 
from  amphora,  '  a  flask;'  (F.)  Respiration  am- 
phorique.  Souffle  amphorique,  S.  mitallifjue. 

The  Veiled  Pvff,  (F.)  Souffle  voile,  is  a  modi- 
fication of  the  cavernous  respiration,  in  which, 
according  to  Laennec,  "a  sort  of  movable  veil 
interposed  between  the  excavation  and  the  ear  " 
seems  to  be  agitated  to  and  fro.  It  is  a  sign 
which  is  not  attended  to. 

Cavernous  Sinus,  Sinus  Caverno'sus,  Sinus 
pohjmor'phus  seu  Receptor/ ulum,  S.  sphenoidal  is, 
(F.)  Simis  caverneux.  The  Cav'ernous  Si'nuses 
are  venous  cavities  of  the  dura  mater,  filled 
with  a  multitude  of  reddish,  soft  filaments,  in- 
tersecting each  other;  and,  as  it  were,  reticu- 
lated. They  commence  behind  the  inner  part 
of  the  sphenoidal  fissure,  pass  backwards  on 


CAVERNOUS  TEXTURE  OR  TISSUE    148 


CELLULAR  TISSUE 


tlie  sidesof  the  fossa  pituitaria,and  terminate  by 
opening  into  a  cavity,  common  to  the  superior 
and  inferiorpetrosa!  sinuses.  Tliey  receivesome 
meningeal  veins,  the  ophthalmic  veins,  &c. 

Cav'ernous  Texture  or  Tissue,  (F.)  Tissu 
caverneuz.  The  spongy  substance  which  forms 
the  greater  part  of  the  penis  and  clitoris.  It 
seems  to  consist  of  a  very  complicated  lace- 
work  of  arteries  and  veins;  and,  probably,  of 
nervous  filaments,  with  small  fibrous  plates, 
which  form  by  their  decussation  numerous 
cells  communicating  with  each  other.  This 
spongy  texture  produces  erection,  by  dilating 
and  swelling  on  the  influx  of  blood;  and  pro- 
bably, also,  by  virtue  of  some  property  inherent 
in  it. 

CAVIARE,  Kaviac.  A  culinary  preparation, 
much  used  by  certain  people,  and  made  on  the 
shores  of  the  Black  and  Caspian  Sea,  from  the 
roe  of  the  sturgeon,  mixed  with  salt  and  other 
condiments. 

CAVIC'ULA  or  CAVIL'LA,  from  cavits, 
'hollow.'  The  Ankle,  or  space  between  the 
malleoli.  Some  have  given  this  name  to  the 
os  cuneiforme.     See  Astragalus. 

CAVICUL^E  PEDIS  NODUS,  Tarsus. 

CAVILLA,  Astragalus,  Cavicula. 

CA  VITAS  ANTROSA  AURIS,  Tympanum 
— c.  Buccinata,  Cochlea — c.  Cochleata,  Cochlea. 

Cav'itas  Ellip'tica,  Ampulla.  A  dilatation 
at  one  end  of  the  semicircular  canals  of  the  ear. 

Cavitas  NAHiuM,Nares — c.Pulpoe,see  Tooth. 

CAVITATES  CEREBRI,  Ventricles  of  the 
brain — c.  Durae  matris,  Sinuses  of  the  dura 
mater — c.  Innominatce,  Auricles  of  the  heart. 

CAVITJL,  Cavity — c.  Dentuire,  Dental  cavity 
—  r.  des  Epiploons,  see  Peritonaeum — c.  du 
Tympan,  Tympanum. 

CAVITY,  Cav'itas,  Cavum,  Ccelotcs,  Ccclon, 
Ca' eta,  Caver'na,  Cava' do,  (F.)  Cavile.  Every 
thing  hollow,  as  the  cranium,  mouth,  nasal 
fossae,  &c. 

Cavities,  Splanchnmc,  (F.)  Cavitis  splancli- 
niques,  are  those  which  contain  the  viscera. 
They  are  three  in  number; — the  cranium,  chest, 
and  abdomen.  The  cavities  of  bones,  connected 
with  joints  or  otherwise,  are  described  under 
their  particular  denominations. 

CAVUM,  Cavity. 

Cavum  Cra'nii, Venter  Supre'mus.  The  cavity 
formed  by  the  proper  bones  of  the  cranium. 

Cavum  Df.ntis,  see  Tooth — c.  Narium,Nares 
— c.  Oris,  Mouth — c.  Tympani,  Tympanum. 

CAYAN,  Phaseolus  creticus. 

CAZABI,  Jatropha  manihot. 

CEANOTHOS,  Cirsium  arvense. 

CEANOTHUS  AMERICANUS,  Celastrus. 

CEAR,  Heart. 

CEASMA,  Fissure. 

CEBI  GALLl'N.E.  The  liver  of  the  fowl, 
bruised.— Castelli. 

CEBIP'ARA.  A  large  Brazilian  tree,  whose 
bitter  and  astringent  bark  is  used  in  making 
anti-rheumatic  baths  and  fomentations. 

CECES.  see  Quercus  alba. 

CILCIT&.  Coecitas. 

CEDAR,  RED,  Juniperus  Virginiana. 

CEDE1A,  Embalming. 

CED'MATA,  zsfytara.  Rheumatic  pains  of 
the  joints,  especially  of  the  hips.  A  form  of 
gout  or  rheumatism. 

CEDRELE'UM,  from  y.»8qoS,(lhe  cedar,'  and 
i?.ai°v,  'oil.'     The  oil  of  cedar. — Pliny. 


CE'DRIA,  Ce'drium,  Ce'drinum,  Cedri  Inch', 
rijma,  Alkitran.  The  oil  or  resin  which  flows 
from  the  cedar  of  Lebanon.  It  was  supposed 
to  possess  great  virtues. — Hippocr.,  Foosius, 
Scribonius  Largus,  Dioscorides.  It  has  been 
supposed  to  be  the  same  as  the  pyroligneous 
acid.     See  Pinus  Sylvestris. 

CE'DRINUM  V1NUM,  Cctfar  Wine.  A  wine, 
prepared  by  steeping  half  a  pound  of  bruised 
cedar  berries  in  six  French  pints  of  sweet  wine. 
It  is  diuretic  and  subastringent. 

CEDRI'TES,  from  xidoos,  'the  cedar.'  A  wine 
prepared  from  the  resin  of  cedar  and  sweet 
wine.  It  was  formerly  employed  as  a  vermi- 
fuge, &c. 

CEDRIUM,  Cedria. 

CEDROMELA,  see  Citrus  medica. 

CEDRONELLA,  Melissa. 

CEDROS,  Juniperus  lycia. 

CEDROSTIS.  Bryonia  alba. 

CEDRUS  BACC1FERA,  Juniperus  sabina. 

CE1NTURE,  Cincrulum.  Herpes  zoster. 

CEIJYTURE  BLANCHE  BE  LJ1  CFIO- 
ROIDE,  Ciliary  ligament. 

CELKTURE 'DARTRE USE,  Herpes  zoster— 
c.  de  Hildane,  Cingulum  Hildani — c.  de  Vif  Ar- 
gent, Cingulum  mercuriale. 

CELANDINE,  Impatiens— c.  Common, Che- 
lidonum  mnjus — c.  lesser,  Ranunculus  ficaria. 

CtiLfAQUti.  Coeliac. 

CELASTRUS,  Celas'tus,  Ceano'thus  Ameri- 
ca'nvs,  JVeic  Jersey  Tea,  Red  root.  Used  by 
the  American  Indians,  in  the  same  manner  as 
lobelia,  for  the  cure  of  syphilis.  It  is  slightly 
bitter  and  somewhat  astringent.  A  strong  in- 
fusion of  the  dried  leaves  and  seeds  has  been 
recommended  in  aphthae,  and  as  a  gargle  in 
scarlatina. 

CELATION,  (F.)  Concealment,  from  celare, 
'to  conceal.'  A  word  used  by  French  medico- 
legal writers  for  cases  where  there  has  been 
concealment  of  pregnancy  or  delivery. 

CELE,  y.j]h],  'a  tumour,  protrusion,  or  rup- 
ture;' a  very  common  suffix,  as  in  hydrocele, 
bubonocele,  &c.     See  Hernia. 

CEL'ERY,  (F.)  Celeri.  The  English  name 
for  a  variety  of  Apium  graveolens,  (q.  v.) 

CE'LIS,  xtjXis,  'a  spot,  a  stain.'  A  macula 
(q.  v.)  or  spot  on  the  skin. 

CELL,  APOPLECTIC,  see  Apoplectic  cell 
— c.  Calcigerous,  see  Tooth— c.  germ,  Cyto- 
blast — c.  germinal,  see  Cytoblast. 

Cell  Like.  The  life  which  is  possessed  by 
the  separate  cells  that  form  the  tissues,  and  by 
which  the  nutrition  of  the  tissues  is  presumed 
to  be  effected. 

Cell,  Nucleated,  see  Cytoblast. 

CELLA  TURCICA,  Sella  Turcica. 

CELLULE  BRONCHIOLE,  see  Cellule. 

CEL'LULAR,  Cellula'ris,  (F.)  Cellulaire. 
Composed  of  cells  or  cellules,  from  cclla  or  eel- 
lula,  'a  cell.' 

Cel'lular.  Mem'brane,  Membra' na  cellulo'- 
sa,  M.  Cellula'ris, — V.  adipo'sa,  pingueilinn'sa, 
of  some, —  Pannic'ulus  adipo'sus, — Membrane 
formed  of  cellular  tissue,  (F.)  Meiuhrune  cellu- 
laire.    Generally,  it  is  used  for  the  tissue  itself. 

Cel'lular  Svstem.  The  whole  of  the  cel- 
lular tissue  of  the  human  body. 

C e  l  l u  l  a  rTi  s  s  u  r.,  Tela  cellula'ris,  T.  cellulo'sa : 
reticula'ted,  filamentous,  laminated,  crib' ri form, 
porous,  urt'oltr,  and  mucous  Tissue,  Rctic'ular 


CELLULE 


149 


CENTWODE 


or  cellular  substance,  Contex'tus  cellule/ sus,  (F.) 
Tissu  cellulaire,  reticule',  lamineux,  crildeux,  po- 
reuz,  artoluirc,  muquevx,  &C,  is  the  most  com- 
mon of  all  the  organic  tissues.  Anatomists  do 
not  agree  regarding  its  intimate  structure.  It 
seems  to  contain  cellules  or  irregular  areola? 
between  the  fibres  and  plates;  as  well  as  serum, 
fat,  and  the  adipous  tissue.  The  cellular  tissue 
or  texture  unites  every  part  of  the  body;  de- 
termines its  shape,  and  by  its  elasticity  and 
contractility,  and  by  the  fluid,  which  it  con- 
tains in  its  cells,  facilitates  the  motion  of  parts 
on  each  other. 

Cellular  tissue  has  been  divided  byanatomists 
into  the  external,  general  or  common  cellular 
tissue — textus  cellularis  intermedins  seu  laxus, 
which  does  not  penetrate  the  organs, — the  cel- 
lular texture  which  forms  the  envelopes  of  or- 
gans— textus  cellularis  strictus;  and  that,  which 
penetrates  into  the  organs,  accompanying  and 
enveloping  all  their  parts, — the  textus  cellularis 
stipatus,  constituting  the  basis  of  all  the  or- 
gans. It  has  likewise  been  termed  Textus  or- 
ganicus  seu  parenrhymalis. 

Cellular  Tissue  of  Bones,  see  Cancelli. 
CEL'LULE,  Cel'/ula,  diminutive  of  cella,'a 
cavity.'     A  small  cavity,  (F.)  Cellule.     Cellules 
are  the  small  cavities  betweep  the  lamina?  of 
the  cellular  tissue,  corpora  cavernosa,  &c. 

Cellules, or  Cells, Bno$cnic,Cel'tulseBron'- 
chicce,  Vesic'ulx  ■pubnonalcs.  The  air-cells  of 
the  lungs. 

CELLULES  BRO.YCH1QUES,  Bronchial 
cells. 

CELLULITIS  VENENATA,  see  Wound. 
CELOSO'MUS,  from  xijAij,  'a  rupture,'  and 
aunia,  'body.'     A  monster  in  which  the  trunk 
is  malformed,  and  eventration  or  displacement 
of  the  viscera  exists. 

CELOTOM'I A . Kelotnm' ia,  from  x»;i>;,  'a  rup- 
ture,' and  rtftriiv,  'to  cut.'  An  operation,  for- 
merly employed  for  the  radical  cure  of  ingui- 
nal hernia;  which  consisted,  principally,  in 
passing  a  ligature  round  the  hernial  sac  and 
spermatic  vessels.  It  necessarily  occasioned 
atrophy  and  loss  of  the  testicle;  and  did  not 
secure  the  patient  against  the  return  of  the  dis- 
ease. The  intestines  weie  of  course  not  in- 
cluded in  the  ligature.     See  Castration. 

CELOT'OMUS,  same  etymon.  A  knife  used 
in  the  operation  for  hernia. 

CELSA.     A  term,  used  by  Paracelsus  for  a 
cutaneous  disease,  dependent,  according  to  him, 
on   a  false  or   heterogeneous  spirit  or   vapour, 
concealed   under  the  integuments,  and  endea- 
vouring to  escape.     Perhaps  the   disease  was 
Urticaria.  (?) 
CELSUS,  METHOD  OF,  see  Lithotomy. 
CEMBKO  NUTS,  see  Pinus  cembra. 
CEMENTER.1UM,  Crucible. 
CEMENTUM.  see  Tooth. 
CENCHR.ON,  Panicum  miliaceum. 
CEJYDRE  DU  LEVANT,  Soda. 
CENDRES  GRAVELEES,  see  Potash— c.  de 
Sarment,  see  Potash. 
CEjYDRE,  Cineritious. 

CENEANGI'A,  from  xarof,  'empty,'  and 
ayynor,  'a  vessel.'  Inanition.  Empty  state  of 
vessels. — Galen. 

CENEMBATE'SIS,  from  xnos,' empty,'  and 
ifijitxtroi,  'I  enter.'     Paracentesis,  (q.  v.)     Also, 
the  act  of  probing  a  wound  or  cavity;  Melo'sis. 
CENEOiNES,  Flanks. 


CENIGDAM,  Ceniplam. 
CENIGOTAM.  Ceniplam. 
CENIPLAM,  Cenigdam,  Cmigotam,  Cmipo- 
lam.     The   name  of  an    instrument  anciently 
used  for  opening  the  head  in   epilepsy. Pa- 
racelsus. 

OEN1POTAM,  Ceniplam. 
CENO'SIS,    from    y.ivog,   'empty.'      Ine'sis, 
lnethmos.     Evacuation.    It  is    sometimes   em- 
ployed  synonymously  with  inanition,   (q.  v.) 
and  opposed  to  repletion; — Exinani"tio. 

CENOT'ICA,  from  ntvw<n<;,  'evacuation.' 
Diseases  affecting  the  fluids.  Morbid  discharges 
or  excess,  deficiency  or  irregularity  of  such  as 
are  natural.  The  first  order,  class  Genetica,  of 
Good;  also,  Drastics,  (q.  v  ) 

CENTAU'REA  BEHEN,  Brhcn  abiad,  Be- 
hen  album  or  White  Behen.  Ord.  Gentianea?. 
Astringent. 

Clintau'rea  Benedic'ta,  Car'duus  benedid- 
tus,  Cnicus  syhes'lris,  Cnicus  benedic'tus,  Car- 
diobot'anum,  Blessed  or  Holij  Thistle,  (F.)  Char- 
dun  benit.  Fam.  Cynaro(  ephalcae.  Sex.  Syst. 
Syngenesia  Polygamia  frustranea.  A  strong 
decoction  of  the  herb  is  emetic: — a  strong  in- 
fusion, diaphoretic  (?) ;  a  light  infusion,  tonic 
and  stomachic.     Dose,  gr.  xv.  to  zj  of  powder. 

Centau'rea  Calcitha'pa,  Calcitra'pa,  Cul- 
catrep'po/a,  Car'duus  so/stitia'/is,  Carduus  stella- 
tus,  Jacea  ramosis'sirna,  Cacotrib'idus,  Calci- 
trap  pa  stella' tu,  Stella' la  rupi'na,  Centau'rea 
stclla' ta,  Common  Star-Thistle,  Star-Knapweed, 
(F.)  Centaurie  etoilee,  Chardon  etoili,  Chausse- 
trappe,  Pignerole.  It  is  possessed  of  tonic  pro- 
perties, and  has  been  given  in  intermittents, 
dyspepsia,  &c.     It  is  not  much  used. 

Centaurea  Centau'rium, Rhupon'licum  vul- 
ga're,  Centaurium  masrium,  Centuurium  majus, 
Greater  Cen'taury,  Centuurium  ojjidna'ls,  (F.) 
Cenlaui&e  grundc.  Jt  is  a  bitter;  and  was  I'or- 
meily  used  as  a  tonic,  especially  the  root. 

Centau'rea  Cv'anus,  C  if  anus,  Blue  bottle, 
Corn  flower,  (F.)  Blavtl.'e,  Blareule,  Bluvcrullc. 
The  flowers  were  once  much  used  as  cordial, 
tonic,  &c.     They  are  now  forgotten. 

Centacjrka  Stei.lata,  Centaurea  calcitrapi. 

CENTAURJiE  ETOILEE,  Centaurea  calci- 
trapa — <•.  Grande,  Centaurea  centaurium — c. 
Fetite,  Chironia  centaurium. 

CENTAURIUM  MAGNUM.Centaurea cen- 
taurium— c.  Minus  vulgare,  Chironia  centau- 
rium— c.  Officinale,  Centaurea  centaurium — c. 
Parvum,  Chironia  centaurium. 

CENTAURY,  AMERICAN,  Chironia  angu- 
laris— c.  Greater,  Centaurea  centaurium — c. 
Lesser,  Chironia  centaurium. 

CEN1ESIS,  Paracentesis. 

CENTIGRAMME,  (F.)  from  centum,  'a 
hundred,'  and  ynupua,  'gramme.'  Centigram'- 
ma.  The  hundredth  part  of  a  gramme.  A 
centigramme  is  equal  to  about  the  fifth  part  of 
a  French  £rain,  nr.  .1544.  Troy. 

CENTILITRE,  Centih'lra,  from  centum, 'a. 
hundred,'  and  it/Too, 'litre.' an  ancient  Greek 
measure  for  liquids: — the  hundredth  part  of  a 
litre — equal  to  nearly  ten  grammes  or  a  spoon- 
ful.    2.705:1  fluidrachms. 

CENTIMETRE,  Ccntim'eter:  the  hundredth 
part  of  a  metre— equal  to  about  four  lines. 
.3937  English  inch. 

CENTIMORB1A,  Lysimachia  nummularia. 

CENTINERV1A,  Plantago. 

CEJYTJJYOPE,  Polygonum  aviculare. 


CENTINODIA 


150 


CEPHALIC  VEIN 


CENTINODIA,  Polygonum  aviculare. 

CENTO  VIRGINALIS,  Hymen. 

CENTRAL  ARTERY  OFTHE  RET'INA, 
Jirldria  Ccnlru'lis  Rel'inse,  Centrul  Jlrlenj  of 
Zinn.  This  artery  is  given  ofF  from  the  arte- 
ria  ophtha)mica,and  penetrates  the  optic  nerve 
a  little  behind  the  bail  of  the  eye;  running  in 
the  axis  of  the  nerve,  and  spreading  out  into 
many  small  branches  upon  the  inside  of  the 
retina.  When  the  nerve  is  cut  across  near  the 
eye,  the  orifice  of  the  divided  artery  is  ob- 
servable. This  was  formerly  called  Porus  Op- 
ticus. 

CENTRE  OF  ACTION.  The  viscus  in 
which  the  whole  or  a  great  part  of  any  func- 
tion is  executed,  and  to  which  several  other 
organs  contribute.  Thus,  the  vital  activity 
seems  to  be  wholly  centred  in  the  stomach, 
durin<r  chymification ;  in  the  duodenum,  du- 
ring chylification.  In  like  manner,  the  uterus 
becomes  a  centre  of  action  during  gestation. 

Centre,  Epigas'tric  The  ganglions  and 
nervous  plexuses,  formed  by  the  great  sympa- 
thetic and  pneumogastric  nerves,  in  the  epi- 
gastrium, around  the  cceliac  artery;  where  the 
impressions  received  from  various  parts  of  the 
body  seem  to  be  centred 

Centre  of  Fluxion.  The  part  towards 
which  fluids  are  particularly  attracted.  An 
irritated  organ  is  said  to  be  a  centre  of  fluxion. 

Centres,  Nervous,  or  Nervous  Centres, 
(F.)  Centres  nerveux.  The  organs,  whence  the 
nerves  originate;  as  the  brain  and  spinal  mar- 
row. 

Centre,  Oval,  Centrum  ova'lE,  C.  0.  Vicus- 
se'nii,  Tegumen'tum  venlriculo'rum  cer'ebri, — 
When  the  two  hemispheres  of  the  brain  are 
sliced  away,  till  on  a  level  with  the  corpus  cal 
losum,  the  medullary  part  is  of  an  oval  shape: 
hence  called  centrum  ovaflS.  Vieussens  sup- 
posed all  the  medullary  fibres  to  issue  from  that 
point,  and  that  it  was  the  great  dispensatory  of 
the  animal  spirits. 

Centre,  Phrenic,  or  Ten'tlinous  Centre  of 
the  Di'aphragm,  Centrum  Phien'icurn,  C.  JVer- 
veum  or  C.  Tendino'sum,  (F.)  Centre  phriniqus 
ou  C.  lendineux  du  Diaphragme.  The  central 
aponeurosis  of  the  diaphragm. 

Centre  of  Sympathetic  Irradia'tioxs, 
(F.)  Centre  d' irradiations  sympnthe.tiq ucs.  Any 
organ,  which  excites,  sympathetically,  the  ac- 
tion of  other  organs,  more  or  less  distant  from 
it;  and  with  which  it  seems  to  have  no  imme- 
diate communication. — Marjolin. 

Centre,  Tendinous  of  the  Diaphragm, 
Centre  phrenic. 

CENTROMYRINE,  Rnwoi. 

CENTRUM  COMMUNE,  Solar  plexus -c. 
Nerveum,  Centre,  phrenic — c.  Tendinosum, 
Centre,  phrenic. 

CENTRY,  Chironia  annularis. 

CENTUM  CAPITA.  Eryngium  campestrc. 

CENTUMNODIA,  Polygonum  aviculare. 

CEPA  ASCALONICA,  Bulbus  esculentus, 
Echalotte. 

CEP^EA,  Veronica  beccabunga. 

CEPH/ELIS  IPECACUANHA, Ipecacuanha. 

CEPHALM A, Headache,  (F.)  Cephat'ee,ftom 
xsipukr],  'head.'  Sonic  use  the  term  synony- 
mously with  cephalalgia.  Others,  for  a  peri- 
odical headache: — others,  again,  for  a  more  vio- 
lent headache    than  cephalalgia  implies;   and 


others  for  a  chronic  headache.     The  last  was 
its  ancient  signification. 

Cephalct'a  spasmod'ira,  Cephalalgia  spasmod'- 
ica,  C.  Kavseo'sa  or  Sick- headache,  is  character- 
ized by  partial,  spasmodic  pain;  often  shifting 
from  one  part  of  the  head  to  another:  chiefly 
commencing  in  the  morning,  with  sickness  and 
faintness.  If  is  extremely  apt  to  recur,  not- 
withstanding every  care. 

CEPHAi./EAHEMicRANiA.ITemicrania— c.Nau- 
seosa.  c.  Spasmodica — c.  Pulsatilla,  Crotaphe. 

CEPHALiEMATO'MA.fromxf.?*^,  'head,' 
and  aipta,  '  blood;'  rfl/sces'sus  Cap'itis  sanguin'- 
eus  neonato'rum,  Cephalophy'ma.  A  sanguine- 
ous tumour,  sometimes  developed  between  the 
pericranium  and  the  bones  of  the  head  of  new- 
born children.  Similar  tumours  are  met  with 
occasionally  above  other  bones,  and  at  all  pe- 
riods of  existence. 

CEPH'ALAGRA,  from  xt-qaltj,  'the  head,' 
and  uyna,  'seizure.'     Gout  in  the  head. 

CEPHALAGRA'PHIA,  from  xiyah],  'the 
head,'  and  y^a^i;,  '  a  description.'  An  anatomi- 
cal description  of  the  head. 

CEPHALAL'GIA,  Cepltnlopo'nia,  Homonn- 
pa'gia,  from  xtqxxXtj,  'the  head,'  and  ulyo:, '  pain,' 
EntephaluFtria,  Dolor  Cap'itis,  Pain  in  the  hi  ad; 
Headache,  (F.)  Cephululgie,  Mai  a  tete.  Every 
kind  of  headache,  whether  symptomatic  or  idio- 
pathic, is  a  cephalalgia.  It  is  ordinarily  symp- 
tomatic, and  has  to  be  treated  accordingly. 

Cephalalgia  Contagiosa,  Influenza — c.  In- 
flam  materia,  Phrenitis — c  Pulsatilis,  Crotaphe 
—  c.  Spasmodica,  see  Cephalaei. 

CEP! lALALOG'TA.from  xt<?ahh  'the  head,' 
and  Xoyoc.  'a  discourse.'  An  anatomical  disser- 
tation on  the  head. 

CllPHALANTHE  D'AMERIQUE,  Cepha- 
lanthus  occidentalis. 

CEPHALAN'THUS  0CCIDENTA'LIS,5«*- 
toawood  shrub,  Butlonhush,  White  Ball,  Little 
Snowball,  Swampicood .  Pond  Dogwood,  Globc- 
fiowcr,  (F.)  Cephalantlie  d '  Ameriquc,  Dais  de 
Murais.  An  ornamental  shrub,  Nat.  Ord.  Ru- 
biacea? ;  Sex.  Syst.  Tetrandna  Monogynia,  which 
glows  all  over  the  United  States,  near  streams 
and  ponds,  and  flowers  in  July  and  August. 
The  bark  of  the  root  has  been  used  as  an  anti- 
periodic  tonic. 

CEPHALARTJOA,  Cephalic  remedies. 

CEPHALATOM'IA,  Cephalotom'ia,  from  xt- 
4>«A>,,  'the  head,'  and  reprtiv.,  '  to  cut.'  Ana- 
tomy cr  dissection  or  opening  of  the  head. 

CEPHALE,  Head. 

CEPHAL'IC,  Ccphtd'ic.us,  Capita' lis,  from 
xsynAti,  'the  head.'  (F.)  C&phalique.  Relating 
to  the  head. 

Cephai/ic  Vein,  Vena  Cephal'icn,  Vena  Cap'- 
itis, (F.)  Veine  edphatique,  Veine  radiate  cutafiee 
of'Chaussier.  The  great  superficial  vein  at  the 
outer  part  of  the  arm  and  fore-arm.  It  begins 
on  the  back  of  the  hand,  by  a  number  of  radi- 
cles, which  unite  into  a  single  trunk, called  the 
Cephalic  of  the  Thumb,  Cephal'ica  Pol'licis,  (F.) 
i  pouce.  It  ascends  along  the 
anterior  and  outer  part  of  the  foie-arm.  where 
it  forms  the  superficial  radial.  At  the  fold  of  the 
elbow  it  receives  the  median  cephalic,  ascends 
along  the  outer  edge  of  the  Liceps,  and  opens 
info  the  axillary  vein. 

The  name  Cephalic  was  given  to  it  by  the  an- 
cients, because  they  thought  it  had  some  con- 


CEPHALIC  REMEDIES 


151 


CERATE,  KIRKLAND'S 


nexion  with   the  head,  and  that  blood-letting 
must  be  performed  on  it,  in  head  affections. 

Chaussier  calls  the  internal  jugular,  Veinc 
c'ephaliqve,  and  tiie  primary  or  common  carotid, 
Jirtere  ciphaliqve. 

Cephal'ic  Rem'etmes,  Cephal'ir.a  vel  Capi- 
ta'lia  reme'diu,  are  remedies  capable  of  reliev- 
ing affections  of  the  head,  especially  headache: 
—Ceplicdar'  lira. 

CEPHALIDIUM,  see  Caput. 

CEPMALl'NE.  The  base  or  root  of  the 
tongue.—  Gorreus. 

CEPHALITIS,  Phrenitis. 

CEP  HA  HUM,  see  Caput. 

CEPHALO-MENHSG1TIS,  Meningo-ce- 
phalitis. 

CEPHALOM'ETER,  from  xupaXti,  'the  head,' 
and  ftejQov,  '  measure.'  An  instrument  for 
measuring  the  different  dimensions  of  the  fcetal 
head,  during  the  process  of  accouchement.  A 
kind  of  forceps. 

CEPHALOlYOSUS,  from  ustpakn,  'the  head,' 
and  voaog,  ; disease.'  This  term  has  been  ap- 
plied to  the  Febris  Hungar'ica,  in  which  the 
head  was  much  affected.  See  Fever,  Hungaric. 
Others  have  so  called  any  cerebral  disease  or 
fever. 

CEPH'ALO-PHARYNG^E'US,  from  *e,PaX,,, 
'the  head,'  and  (punvyi,  'the  pharynx:'  belong- 
ing to  the  head  and  pharynx.  Winslow  has 
given  this  name  to  the  portion  of  the  constrictor 
pharyngis  superior,  (q.  v.)  which  is  attached, 
above,  to  the  inferior  surface  of  the  basilary 
process  of  the  os  occipitis.  The  Cepli 'alo-q>ha- 
ryngc'al  .Iponeuro'sis  is  a  thin,  fibrous  mem- 
brane, which  is  attached  to  the  basilary  process, 
and  gives  insertion  to  fibres  of  the  constrictor 
superior  pharyngis. 

CEPHALOPAGES,  Symphyocephalus. 

CEPHALOPHYMA,  Cephakernutoma. 

CEPHALOPONIA.  Cephalalgia. 

CEPHALO-RACHIDIAN,  Cephalo-spinal. 

CEP  H'A  L  OS  P 1  N  A  L.  Cephalo -spina' lis, 
Cepk'alo-rachid'ian.  Belonging  to  the  head  and 
spine. 

CePh'aLO-SPINAL,  or  Ckph  alo-rachidian 
Fluid,  Cerebrospinal  fluid,  Flufidum  ct/ebro- 
spina'te,  is  an  exhaled  fluid,  which  is  found 
between  the  encephnlon  and  pia  matter;  and 
which  seems  to  have  a  protecting  office,  and 
to  keep  up  a  certain  degree  of  pressure  on  the 
organ,— at  least  in  the  spinal  canal. 

OMPHALOTRIBE,  (F.)  An  instrument  in- 
vented Uy  Baudelocque,  the  nephew,  for  crush- 
ing the  head  of  the  fetus  in  utero;  from  Ki<f>u"/.)i, 
'the  head,'  and  TQifim,  'I  bruise.'  It  consists 
of  a  strong  forceps,  (lie  blades  of  which  are 
solid:  1G  lines  broad,  and  3  thick.  The  handles 
are  perforated  at  their  extremity  to  receive  a 
screw  with  three  threads,  the  direction  of  which 
is  very  oblique,  so  as  to  allow  great  rapidity  of 
rotation,  and  the  screw  is  moved  by  a  winch  0 
inches  long,  to  increase  the  force  of  the  pres- 
sure. The  bones  of  the  head  are  easily  crushed 
by  it. 

CEPHALOTRYPESIS.  Trepanning. 
PHALOXIA,  Torticollis. 

CEPULLA,  Allium  cepa. 

OER,  Heart. 

CERA,  FLAVA  et  CERA  ALBA,  Ceros, 
Yellow  and  White  Wax,  (F.)  Cire  Jauns  ct 
Blanche.  An  animal  substance,  prepared  by 
the  bee,  and  by  some  plants,  as  the  Cerox'ylon 


and  Myri'ca.  ceriftra.  Its  colour  is  yellow,  and 
smell  like  that  of  honey,  but  both  are  lost  by 
bleaching.  It  is  demulcent  and  emollient:  is 
sometimes  given  in  the  form  of  emulsion,  in 
diarrhoea  and  dysentery,  but  is  chiefly  used  in 
cerates  and  ointments. 

CEH.H'.S,  from  zfo«c,  'a  horn,'  y.inuicti. 
The  Cornua  of  the  uterus,  (q.  v.) — Rufus  of 
Ephesus. 

CERA  MICE,  Cerami'tis,  from  xepauog,  'pot- 
ter's earth.'  A  sort  of  earth,  used  as  a  cata- 
plasm in  peripneumony. — Hippocr. 

CERAM1UM,  Amphora. 

CERAMNIUM,  Amphora. 

CERAMURIA.see  Urine. 

CERAINTHEMUS,  Propolis. 

CERAS,  xtqag,  'genitive,'  xtnarcc,  'horn,' 
Cornu,  (q.  v.)  also,  the  Cornea  (q.  v.)  Hence 
Cmattctomia.  Ceral.oce.lt,  &c. 

CERASION,  see  Primus  cerasus. 

CERAS'MA,from  KSQavwfii, 'to  mix:'  some- 
thing mixed.  A  mixture  of  hot  and  cold  water 
Melacerasma. — Gorrams. 

CERA  SUM.  see  Prunus  cerasus. 

CERASUS  AVIUM,  Prunus  avium— e.  Lau- 
rocerasus,  Prunus  laurocerasus — c.  Padus,  Pru- 
nus Padus — c.  Racemosus  sylvestris,  Prunus 
padus— c.  Serotina,  Prunus  Virginiana — c.  Vir- 
giniana. Prunus  Virginiana. 

CER AT BLANC  ou  DE  G.1LIEN,  Ceratum 
Galeni — c.  de  Blanc  de  Balcine,  Ceratum  celacei 
—  c.  de  Goulard,  Ceratum  plumbi — c.  pour  les 
Lewes,  Cerate  for  the  lips — c.  de  Plontb  compose, 
Ceratum  plumbi  compositum — c.  de  Savon,  Ce- 
ratum Saponis — c.  de  Suracetale  de  plomb,  Ce- 
ratum plumbi  superacetatis. 

CE'RATE,  Cera' turn,  from  xjjriac,  Lat.  cera, 
'wax,'  Cerelse'um,  Cero'ma,  Cero'nivm,  Cero'- 
tum,  Cerulomulag'ma,  (F.)  Cerat.  A  composi- 
tion of  wax,  oil,  or  lard,  without  other  ingre- 
dients. 

Cerate,  Simple  Cerate,  Cera' turn,  Cera'tiim 
simplex,  P.  L.  (F.)  Cerat  Simple.  {Yellow  wax 
^iv,  olive  oil  §iv.)  It  is  applied  as  an  emollient 
to  excoriations,  &c. 

Cerate  of  Cat/amine,  Cera.' turn  Calami' '  ux, 
C.  Carbonic 'tis  zinc  impu'ri '.,  C.  Zinci  Curbona'- 
lis,  (Th.  U.  S.)  Cera'tiim.  lup'idis  C alumina.' r is, 
Cera'ti'm  epuht'lcum,  Cerate  of  Carbonate  of 
Zinc,  Turners  Cerate,  Healing  Salve ,  (F '.)  Cerut 
de  Pierre  Calaminaire,  C.  de  Calamine.  C-  (Zinci 
Carbon,  preepar.  Cerse  flavae,  aa  D)ss.  odipis,  fbij. 
Melt  the  wax  and  lard  together,  and, on  cooling, 
add  the  carbonate  of  zinc  and  stir  till  cool. — 
Ph.  U.  S.) 

Cerate  of  Cantiiau'ides,  Cera'tiim  Cun- 
thar'idis.  Blister  Ointment,  Ointment,  of  Spanish 
Files,  Unguen'tum  ul  vesicatt/ria,  Vngven'tum 
Putveris  MeHoes  ve.sicalo'rii,  Ung  epispas'ticum 
fortius,  Ceraftum  Lytt.ee,  (F.)  Cerat  de  Cantha- 
rides.  (Spermaceti,  cerate  gvj.  Cantharides  in 
poiodi  r.  2fj.  The  cerate  being  softened  by  heat, 
stir  in  the  flies.)  This  cerate  of  the  European 
Pharmacopoeias  is  used  to  keep  open  blisters, 
issues,  &c.  See  Unguentum  Lyttse.  For  the 
cerate  of  Spanish  flies  of  the  U.  S.  Pharma- 
copoeia, (see  Emplastruui  Lyttce  ) 

Cerate,  Goulard's,  Ceratum  Plumbi  com- 
positum. 

Cerate,  Kirkland's  Neutral.  (Diachyl. 
jviij,  olive  oil  3iv ,  prepared  chalk  ,y  v  :  when 
nearly  cool,  add  Acct.  dest.  ^iv,  plumb,  svpera- 
cet.  -Jiij.J     A  cooling  emollient. 


CERATE 


152 


CERATUM  RESINS 


Cerate  or  Pomma'tum  for  the  Lips,  Cera'- 
tum labia' Is  rvbrum,  Pom  ma' turn  ad  labia  demul- 
cent da.  Ph.  P.  (F.)  Cirat  (ii)  pommatle  pour  Us 
lecres,  (JVaxi)  parts;  oil  1G  parts;— coloured  willi 
ulhanet.) 

Cerate,  Lead,  Compound,  Ceratum  plurnbi 
compositum. 

Cerate,  Marshall's.  (Palm  oil  gvi,  calo- 
mel s,],  sugar  of  lead  ,^ss,  ointment  of  ni'.rale  of 
mercury,  ^ij.) 

Cerate,  Resin,  Compound,  Ceratum  Resina; 
compositum. 

Cerate,  Savine,  Ceratum  sabinoe — c.  Soap, 
Ceratum  saponis — c.  Spermaceti,  Ceratum  ce- 
tacei — c.  of  Superacetate  or  sugar  of  lead,  Ce- 
ratum pluuibi  superacetatis — c.  Turner's,  Ce- 
rate of  calamine — c.  of  Carbonate  of  zinc,  Ce- 
rate of  calamine. 

CERATECTOM'JA,  from  x!?«c,  '  the  jfor- 
nea,'  and  tx.Tof*og,  'cut  out.'  An  incision 
through  the  cornea.     See  Ceratotomia. 

CERATIA,  Ceralonium  siliqua. 

CERATION,  Siliqua. 

CERATI'TIS,  from  xfoac,  'the  cornea,'  and 
itis,  'inflammation.'  Inflammation  of  the  cor- 
nea, Keratitis,  Cerotodci'tis,  Ceralomeningi'  lis, 
Carnci'lis,  Inflamma'tio  co/nese. 

CERATIUM,  Ceratonium  siliqua. 

CER'ATO,  in  composition,  in  the  names  of 
muscles,  is  used  for  the  cornua  of  the  os  hy- 
oides  ;  —  as  Cerativglossus. 

CKRATOCE'LE,  .Iquula,  Uca'tio,  Hernia 
Cor'neoe,  Ceratodeoce'le,  from  xsoac,  'horn,'  and 
wjAij,  '  tumour.'  A  protrusion  of  the  transpa- 
rent cornea,  or  rather  of  the  membrane  of  the 
nqueous  humour  through  an  opening  in  the 
cornea. 

CERATODEITIS,  Ceratitis. 

CERATODEOCELE,  Ceratocele. 

CERATOGLOS'SUS  or  KERATOGLOS'- 
SUS,  from  xiqxc,  'horn,'  and  yluirrv*,  'the 
tongue.'  A  muscle,  extending  from  the  great 
cornu  of  the  os  hyoides  to  the  base  of  the  tongue. 
It  is  a  part  of  the  hyoglossus.  (q.  v.) 

CERATOIDKS,  Cornea. 

CERATO  MALAGMA,  Cerate. 

CERATO-MENINGITIS,  Ceratitis. 

CERATO-MEiMNX,  Cornea. 

CER'ATO- PHARYNGE' US  or  KER'ATO- 
PHARYNGE'US,  from  mq*s,  'horn,'  and 
(petpvyt;,  'the  pharynx.'  The  great  and  small 
Cer'utopharynge'i  are  small  fleshy  bundles, 
forming  part  of  the  Hyopharyngeus  of  Win- 
slow. 

CER'ATO-STAPHYLl'NUS  or  KER'ATO- 
STAPHYLl'IMUS,  from  K«e*c, 'horn,'  and  ora- 
<pv).i],  'the  uvula.'  Some  fleshy  fibres  of  the 
Thuro-Staphtilinus  of  Winslow. 

CERATO^IA-SH/IQUA.  The  CarobTree, 
Cera'tium,  Cera'tia,  Sil'ioua  dulcis,  Caro'ba  M- 
valiati,  the  Siccctpod,  (F.)  Caroubier  (Fruit. 
Carouge.)  This — the  fruit  of  the  Ceratonia 
siliqua — is  mucilaginous,  and  employed  in  de- 
coction, where  mucilages  are  indicated. 

CERATONYX'ISorKERATONYXTS,from 
nfoac,  'the  cornea,'  and  to<rtrw,  'I  puncture.' 
An  operation  by  which  the  crystalline  is  de- 
pressed by  means  of  a  needle  introduced  into 
the  eye  through  the  cornea.  Some  divide  the 
crystalline  into  fragments  with  the  needle,  and 
leave  them  to  the  action  of  the  absorbents.  The  i 
operation  is  as  old  as  ihe  17th  century. 

CERATOPLAS'TICE,  from  xtoaj,  'the  cor-1 


nea,'  and  nlaa-nxo?,  'forming,  formative.'  The 
operation  for  the  formation  of  an  artificial  cor- 
nea.    It  has  not  been  practised  on  man. 

CERATOTOM'IA,  Ccratectom'ia,  from  xfpac, 
'  horn,'  '  cornea,'  and  xi(*vtiv,  '  to  cut.'  Section 
of  the  transparent  cornea.  This  incision  is  used 
in  the  operation  for  cataract:  to  give  exit  to 
pus  effused  in  the  eye,  in  case  of  hypopyon, &c. 

CERATOT'OMUS,  Keratot'omus,  Herat' o- 
mus,  from  xtpct?.  'cornea,'  and  iiy.rnr,  'to  cut.' 
A  name  given  by  Wenzel  to  his  knife  for  di- 
viding the  transparent  cornea,  in  the  operation 
for  cataract.  Many  modifications  of  the  instru- 
ment have  been  made  since  Wenzel's  time.  See 
Knife,  cataract. 

CERATUM,  Cerate— c.  Album,  Ceratum  ce- 
tacei,  Ceratum  Galeni — c.  de  A lthaeS.,  Unguen- 
tum  de  Althaea — c.  Calamine,  Cerate  of  Cala- 
mine— c.  Cantharidis,  Cerate  of  Cantharides, 
E  rnplastrum  Ly Use — c.  de  Cerussa,  Unguentum 
plumbi  subcarbonatis. 

Cera'tum  Ceta'cei,  Cera' turn  spermaceti, 
Cera' turn  album,  Cera'tum  simplex,  C.  Ceti,  Vn- 
guen'tum  adipoce'rx  ceto'rum,  Linimen'tnm  album, 
Emplns'trum  Spcrm'atis  Ceti,  Spermaceti  Cerate, 
(F.)  Cirat  de  blanc  de  baleine.  (Spermaceti  gj, 
white  wax  ^ij;  olive  oil  ^vi.  Ph.  U.  S.)  A 
good  emollient  to  ulcers,  &c. 

Ceratum  Ceti,  Ceratum  cetacei — c.  Ciculs, 
Ceratum  conii — c.  Citrinum,  Ceratum  resins. 

Cera'tum  Coni'i,  Cera'tum  Cicn'tse.  (Ung. 
conii  Ibj,  cetacei  j^ij,  cerx  albas  ^iij  )  A  formula 
in  Bartholomew's  Hospital:  occasionally  ap- 
plied to  cancerous,  scrofulous  sores,  &c. 

Ceratum  Epuloticum,  Cerate  of  calamine. 

Cera'tum  Gale'ni,  Cera'tum  album,  C.  re- 
frig"crans  Galeni,  Unguen'tum  cera'tum,  U. 
amygduh'num,  U.  simplex,  Emplas'trum  adfon- 
tir'ulos,  Olco -ceratum  aqua subactum. Cold  Cream, 
(F.)  Cirut  blanc  ou  de  Gai  ien.  (White  wax  4 
parts;  oil  of  siccct  almonds  ](i  parts;  add,  when 
melted,  water  or  rose  icater  12  parts.  Ph.  P.)  A 
mild  application  to  chaps,  Jkc. 

Ceratum  Labiale  Rubrum,  Cerate  for  the 
lips — c.  Lapidis  calaminaris,  Cerate  of  calamine 
— c.  Lithargyri  acetati  compositum,  Ceratum 
plumbi  compositum — c.  Lyttte,  Cerate  of  can- 
tharides— c.  Mercuriale, Unguentum  hydrargyri 
— c.  Picalum,  Pisselseum. 

Ceratum  Plumbi  Compos'itum,  Cera'tum 
Lilhai'  gyri  Aceta'ti  Compos'itum,  Goulard's 
Ointment,  Cera'tum  subactta'ti  plumbi  medico!- 
turn,  C.  Plumbi  Subaceta'tis  (Ph.  U.S.),  Cera'tum 
Saturni,  Compound  Lead  Cerate,  Goulard's 
Cerate.  (F.)  Cirat  de  Goulard,  C  de  Plomb 
compose.  (Lit/,  plumb,  subacct.  liiss,  cerx  florae, 
giv,  ol.  oliv.  5  ix,  camphorsB  gss.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Rs 
virtues  are  the  same  as  the  next. 

Ceratum  Plumbi  Supeiiaceta'tis,  Unguen'- 
tum Ce.rus'sx  Acrtu'tx,  Cerate  of  Superacetate  or 
Sugar  of  Lead,  Ceia'tum  Plumbi  Accta'tis,  Un- 
guentum Jlcetatis  Plumbi.  (F.)  Cirat  de  sura- 
retate  de  Plomb.  (Acetate  of  lead  jjjij,  while  wax 
§ij,  olive  oil  ftjss  )     Cooling  and  astringent. 

Ceratum  Refrigerans  Galeni,  Ceratum 
Galeni. 

Cera'tum  Resi'n,e,  C.  Resi'nxflavx,  C.  cil'- 
rinum,  Unguen'tum  basiHiconfluvum,  Ung.Resi'- 
nx  fluvx,  Ung.  Rcsino'sum,  Resin  Cerate  or 
Ointment,  Yellow  Basil' icon,  Basil' icon  Ointment. 
(Resin,  flnv.,  5  v.  Cerx  flav.,  ^ij;  Adipis  ^viij, 
Ph.  U.  S.)  A  stimulating  application  to  old 
ulcers,  &c.     Digestive. 


CERATUM 


CEREBRUM 


Dr.  Smellome's  Ointment  for  the  Eyes  con- 
sists of  finely  powdered  verdigris  gas,  rubbed 
with  oil,  <"nd  then  mixed  with  an  ounce  oi  c era- 
turn  rcsinse. 

Ceratum  Resi'na:  Compos'itum,  Compound 
Resin  Cerate,  (Resin.,  Sevi,  Cerse  ftavx,  aa  Ibj ; 
Terebinth,  lbss.  01.  Lini,  Oss.  Melt  together, 
strain  through  linen,  and  stir  till  cool.  Ph. U.S.) 
Ceiiatum  Sabi'NjE,  Unguent.  Sabinx,  Savine 
Cerate  (F.)  Cernt  de  Sabine.  (Savine  in  pow- 
der, §ij.  Resin  Cerate  Ibj.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Irritative, 
'drawing.'  Used  in  the  same  cases  as  the  cerate 
of  cantliarides. 

Ceratum  Sapo'nis,  Soap  Cerate,  (F.)  Ctrat 
de  Savon  (Liq.  Plumb,  subacetat,  Oij,  $apon,%vy, 
Cerse  albss,  §x;  01.  olicx,  Oj.  Boil  the  sukruon 
of  subacetate  of  lead  with  the  soap  over  a  slow 
fire  to  the  consistence  of  honey,  then  transfer 
to  a  water  bath,  and  evaporate  until  all  the 
moisture  is  dissipated;  lastly,  add  the  wax, 
previously  melted  with  the  oil,  and  mix. — Ph. 
U.  S.)  it  is  applied  in  cases  of  sprains  or  frac- 
tures. 

Ceratum  Saturni,  Ceratum  plumbi  com- 
positum — c.  Simplex,  Ceratum  cetacei,  Cerate 
simple  —  c.  Spermaceti,  Ceratum  cetacei  —  c. 
Subacetati  plumbi  medicatum,  Ceratum  plumbi 
compositum — c.  Tetrapharmacum,  Pisselaeum 
— c.  Carbonatis  zinci  impuri,  Cerate  of  cala- 
mine. 

CERA U'NION,  from  r.toawot,  'thunder,'  'a 
thunderbolt.'  Lapisfalniineus.  A  kind  of  stone, 
which  was  believed  to  be  formed  during  thun- 
der; and  to  be  possessed  of  the  power  of  inducing 
sleep,  and  numerous  other  prophylactic  virtues. 
It  was  rubbed  on  the  knee,  breast,  &c.  in  swell- 
ings of  those  parts. 

CERBERUS  TRICEPS,  Pulvis  cornachini. 
CERCA'RIA.  A  genus  of  agastric,  infusory 
animalcules,  one  of  the  most  curious  of  which 
inhabits  the  tartar  of  the  teeth.  The  sperma- 
tozoa are  presumed  by  some  to  belong  to  this 
genus. 

CERCHNOS,  Cerchnus,  from  x.tqxvtw>  '  1 
render  hoarse.'  A  rough  voice  produced  by 
hoarseness.     See  Rattle. 

CER'CIS,  y.toy.ic.  A  sort  of  pestle  for  re- 
ducing substances  to  powder.  Also,  the  radius 
or  small  bone  of  the  arm.  See  Pilum  and  Ra- 
dius. 

CERCLE,  Circulus— c.  de  la  Ch oroide,  Cili- 
ary ligament — c.  Ciliaire,  Ciliary  ligament. 

CERCO'SIS,  from  xsxgos,  '  a  tail.'  Men' tula 
multtfbris,  the  Clit'oris.  Some  authors  have 
employed  the  word  synonymously  with  nym- 
phomania and  elongation  of  the  clitoris;  and 
with  Polypvs  Uteri,  the  Sarco'ma  Ccrco'sis  of 
Sanvages. 

Ckkcosis  Externa,  Clitorism. 
CEREA,  Cerumen. 

CEREA'LI  A,  from  Ceres,  'goddess  of  corn,' 
(F.J  Ccreales  (I'lanlcs.)  The  cerealia  are  gra- 
mineous plants,  the  seed  of  which  serve  for  the 
nourishment  of  man: — as  wheat,  barley,  rye, 
&c.  At  limes,  the  same  term  is  applied  to  some 
of  the  leguminous  plants. 

CEREBEL'LA  UEI'NA.  Urine  of  a  whitish 
appearance  of  the  colour  of  the  brain,  from 
which  Paracelsus  thought  he  could  distinguish 
diseases  of  that  ortran. 

CEREBELLI'TIS,  from  cerebellum,  and  itis, 
denoting  inflammation.      Inflammation  of  the 
11 


cerebellum:  a  variety  of  Phrenitis  or  Encepha- 
litis. ' 

CEREBEL'LOUS,  CerebtlWsus,  from  rerebel'- 
lum,1  the  little  brain.'  (F.)  Cbebelleux.  Chaus- 
sier  has  given  this  epithet  to  the  vessels  of  the 
cerebellum.  These  are  three  in  number;  two 
of  which  are  inferior:  the  larger,  inferior  cere- 
belli,  which  arises  from  the  posterior  cerebral 
or  vertebral;  and  the  smaller,  whose  existence 
is  not  constant,  from  the  meso-cephalic  or 
basilary: — the  third,  called,  A.  cdribelleuse  su- 
perieure  (superior  ccrebclli,)  is  also  a  branch  of 
the  basilary. 

Cerebei/lous  Ap'oplexy,  Apoplex'ia  ccrc- 
hello' sa;  apoplexy  of  the  cerebellum. 

CEREBEL'LUM;  diminutive  ot  Ccr'cbrvm; 
C.  parvum,  Appen'dix  ad  cer'ebrum,  Ccr'ebrum 
poste'rius,  Encra'vion,  Encra'nis,  Epcncra'nis, 
Par enceph' alls,  Micrencepka'lium,  Micrenceph'  ■ 
alum,  Little  brain,  (F.)  Cervelet.  A  portion 
of  the  medullary  mass,  contained  in  the  ca- 
vity of  the  cranium.  It  fills  the  lower  occi- 
pital fossse  below  the  tentorium,  and  em- 
braces the  tuber  annulare  and  medulla.  It  is 
composed,  like  the  brain,  of  cortical  and  medul- 
lary substance,  arranged  in  lamina;,  as  it  were; 
so  that,  when  a  section  is  made  of  it,  it  has  an 
arborescent  appearance,  called  Arbor  vitx.  The 
cerebellum  is  divided  into  two  lobes  or  hemi- 
spheres or  lateral  masses,  and  each  lobe  is  again 
subdivided  into  Monticvli  or  Lobules.  In  the 
cerebellum  are  to  be  observed  the  Crura  cerc- 
belli,  the  fourth  ventricle,  the  valcuta  magna 
cerebri,  the  processus  vcrmicularcs,  superior  and 
inferior,  &c. 

CER'EBRAL,  Certbra'lis,  from  cerebrum, ' the 
brain.'  Belonging  to  the  brain,  and  similar  to 
brain.     (F.J  C'cribral. 

Cerebral  Apophv-sis,  Pineal  gland. 

Cerebral  Ar'teries  are  three  on  each  side: 
■ — the  anterior  or  artery  of  the  corpus  callosurti, 
and  the  middle,  arte'ria  Sylvia' na,  are  furnished 
by  the  internal  carotid:  the  posterior  or  poste- 
rior and  inferior  artery  of  the  brain,  A.  profunda 
cerebri,  arises  from  the  vertebral.  Chaussier 
calls  these  arteries  lobaires,  because  they  cor- 
respond with  the  anterior,  middle,  and  posterior 
lobes,  whilst  he  calls  the  trunks,  whence  they 
originate,  cerebral. 

Cerebral  Nerves  are  those  which  arise 
within  the  cranium,  all  of  which,  perhaps,  with 
the  exception  of  the  olfactory,  arise  from  the 
medulla  oblongata.     See  Nerves. 

In  Pathology,  an  affection  is  called  cerebral, 
which  specially  occupies  the  brain.  Fie'vre 
cerdbrale.  Cerebral  fever,  is  a  variety  in  which 
the  head  is  much  affected. 

CEREBRIFORM.  Encephaloid. 

CEREBROMALACIA,  Mollities  cerebri. 

CEREBRO-SPINAL,  Cephalo-spinal. 

CEREBRO-SPINANTS,  Narcotics. 

CER'EBRUM.  .The  brain.  (F.)  Cervean, 
Ccrrclle.  This  term  is  sometimes  applied  to 
the  whole  of  the  contents  of  the  cranium:  at 
others  to  the  upper  portion; — the  posterior  and 
inferior  being  called  cerebellum.  The  bruin, 
properly  so  called,  extends  from  the  os  frontis 
to  the  superior  occipital  fossm.  Anteriorly,  it 
rests  on  the  orbitar  vaults:  behind  this  on  the 
middle  fossjE  of  the  base  of  the  cranium;  and, 
posteriori}',  on  the  tentorium  cercbello  super-tx- 
ten  sum.  The  upper  surface  is  divided  by  a  deep 
median  cleit  (Scissure  interlobaire, — Ch.)  into 


CEREBRUM 


154 


CERUMLNOUS  GLANDS 


two  halves,  called  hemispheres,  which  are  united 
at  the  base  by  the  corpus  callosum.  At  its  sur- 
face are  numerous  convolutions.  The  inferior 
surface  exhibits,  from  before  to  behind,  three 
lobes,  distinguished  into  anterior,  middle  and 
posterior.  The  middle  is  separated  from  the 
anterior  by  the  fssure  of  Sylvius;  and  from 
the  posterior,  by  a  shallow  furrow  which  cor- 
responds to  the  upper  portion  of  the  pars  pc- 
trosa.  Internally,  (he  brain  has,  on  the  median 
line,  the  corpus  callosum,  septum  lucidum,  fornix, 
pineal  gland,  and  third  ventricle: — and  lateral- 
ly, the  lateral  ventricles,  in  which  are  the  cor- 
pora striata,  oplic  thalami,  &c.  It  is  contained 
in  a  triple  envelope,  (see  Meninges.)  Its  tex- 
ture is  pulpy,  and  varies  according  to  age.  Two 
substances  may  be  distinguished  in  it — the  me- 
dullary or  fibrous,  and  the  cortical,  cineriliuus, 
vesicular,  or  gray.  The  former  is  white;  and 
occupies  all  the  interior  and  base  of  the  brain. 
The  latter  is  grayish  and  softer.  It  is  situate 
particularly  at  the  surface  of  the  organ. 

The  brain  receives  several  arterial  vessels, 
furnished  by  the  internal  carotid  and  vertebral. 
Its  veins  end  in  the  sinuses.  I(  is  the  material 
organ  of  the  mental  and  moral  manifestations. 
According  to  Gall,  each  part  is  the  special 
seat  of  one  of  those  faculties,  and  the  brain  and 
cerebellum,  inclusive,  are  called  by  him  "the 
nervous  system  of  the  mental  faculties.''  The 
following  table,  from  Haller  and  Cuvier,  exhi- 
bits the  proportion  between  the  mass  of  the  brain 
and  that  of  the  body  in  man  and  in  animals. 


A  child  of  six  yenrs  (H.vller)    ( 

lb  2,  oz.  3  1-2.                       S 
Adult  (Halier) 

(From  lb.  2,  3  oz.  to  lb.  3,  3  3-4  oz. 
Soemmering.) 

Gibbon  fSimia.) 

Sapajou from  1-41    to 

Ape from  1-48    to 

Baboon froin  1  101  to 

Eemur from  1-84    to 

Bat  ( Vespcrtilio  Noctula) 

Mole 

Bea  r 

Hedgehog 


Wolf. . . 
Beaver  , 
Hare. . . 


Rabbit 1-140  to 

Rat 

Mouse 

Wild  Boar , 

Domestic,  do 1-512  to 

Elephant  (7  or  lb.  10) 


Stag 

Roebuck  young) 

Sheep 1-351  to 

Ox 1-750  to 

Calf 

1  lorse 1-100  to 


Dolphin. 
Eagle... 

Goose. . . 
Cock. . . . 


.1-25,1-30, 1-10, 


Canary-bird  . .. 
Humming-bird. 

Turtle 

Tortoise 

Frog 

Sliark 

Pike 

Carp 


1-2-2 
1-25 


1-48 

1-22 

1-24 

1  -88 

l-Gl 

1-iiG 

J -36 

1-205 

1-KiH 

1-205 

]-2.;0 

1  -290 

1-228 

1-152 

1-76 

1-43 

1  672 

1-412 

1-500 

1-290 

l-!)4 

1-102 

I-SH0 

1-219 

1-400 

1-151 

1-102 

1-200 

1  300 

1-25 

1-14 

1-11 

1-5688 

1-2240 

1-172 

1-2196 

1-1305 

1  560 


The  substance  of  the  nervous  system  has 
been  analyzed  by  Vauquelin,  and  found  to  con- 
tain water  80.00;  white  fatty  matter  4.53;  red 
fatty  matter,  called  cerebrine,  0.70;  osmazome, 


1.12;  albumen,  7.00;  phosphorus,  1.50;  sulphur, 
acid  phosphates  of  potassa,  lime,  and  magnesia, 
5.15. 

CEUEBrtUM  Abdomin.w.e,  Solar  plexus — c. 
Elongatum,  Medulla  oblongata — c.  Parvum, 
Cerebellum — c.  Posterius,  Cerebellum. 

CEREFOLIUM,  Scandix  cerefolium— c.  His- 
panicum,  Chffirophyllum  odoralum — c.  Sylves- 
tre,  Chcerophyllum  sylvestre. 

CEREL^EUM.  Cerate. 

CERKOLA,  Bougie. 

CERERISIA,  Cerevisia. 

CEREUM  MEDICATUM,  Bougie. 

CEREVIS'IA,  quasi,  Ccrerisia,  Zythos,  Liquor 
Cer'eris,  Vinum  hordea'ceum,  Barley  Wine,  Bira, 
Bryton,  (iouTov,  from  Ceres,  'corn;'  whence  it 
is  made.  *  Ale  (Mia,)  Beer,  Porter,  (F.)  Bitrc, 
Cervoise.  These  fluids  are  drunk  by  the  inha- 
bitants of  many  countries,  habitually,  and  in 
Great  Britain  more  than  in  others.  They  are 
nourishing,  but  not  very  easy  of  digestion. 
The  old  dispensatories  contain  numerous  medi- 
cated ales,  which  are  no  longer  in  use. 

CEREEUIL,  Scandix  cerefolium—  c.Mvsque, 
Chrerophyllum  odoratum — c.  Sauvage,  Chsro- 
phyllum  sylvestre. 

CERION,  Favus,  Porrigo  favosa. 

CERISIER,  Prunus  cerasus — c.  a  Grappes, 
Prunuspadus — c.de  VirginicVmnns  Virjriniana. 

CERNIN,  SAINT,  WATERS  OF.  St.  U.ia 
a  parish  in  the  dioeess  of  St.  Flour,  Upper  Au- 
vergne,  France.  The  water  is  a  chalybeate.  It 
is  called  Eau  du  Cambon. 

CERNOS.  Capistrum. 

CEROE'NE,  CEROU'NE,  or  CIROUE'iNK, 
Ceroe'num,  from  xqgoc,  'wax,'  and  oiroc, '  wine.' 
A  plaster  composed  of  yellow  wax,  mutton  suet, 
pitch,  Burgundy  pitch,  Bole  Armeniac,  Thus  and 
wine.  It  was  used  as  a  strengthening  plaster. 
Sometimes  it  contained  neither  wax  nor  wine. 

CEROMA,  Cerate. 

CEROMANTI'A,  from  xr^nc,  'wax,'  and 
uavrsm,  'divination.'  The  art  of  foretelling 
the  future,  from  the  figures  which  melted  wax 
assumes,  when  suffered  to  drop  on  the  surface 
of  water. 

CERONIUM,  Cerate. 

CEROPIS'SUS,  from  xi^se,  'wax,'  and  vm- 
<ra,  'pitch.'  A  depilatory  plaster,  composed  of 
pitch  and  wax. 

CEROS.  Cera. 

CEROSTROSIS,  Hystriciasis. 

CF ROT UM.  Cerate. 

CRROXYLON,  see  Ceraflava  et  alba. 

CERUA.  Ricinis  communis. 

CERU'MEN,  from  cera,  'wax.'  Cem'men 
Au'rium,  Ce'rea,  Aurium  Sordts,  Marmnra'ta 
Au'rium,  Cyp'sile,  Ceru'minous  Humor,  Cyp'- 
sells,  Fu'gik,  (F.)  Cire  des  Oreilles.  A  name 
given  to  the  unctuous  humour,  similar  to  wax 
in  its  physical  properties,  which  is  met  with  in 
the  meatus  auditories  externus.  It  is  secreted  by 
follicles,  situate  beneath  the  membrane  lining 
the  meatus.  It  lubricates  the  meatus,  preserves 
the  suppleness  of  the  lining  membrane,  pre- 
vents the  introduction  of  bodies  floating  in  the 
atmosphere,  and  by  its  bitterness  and  unctuous- 
ness  prevents  insects  from  penetrating. 

CERU'MINOUS,  Ccrumino'sus,  (F.J Cdrumi- 
neux.     Relating  to  cerumen. 

Ci:ku'minous  Glands  or  Follicles,  (F.) 
Gtandts    ceruminctnes    ou    Folliculcs    Cerumi- 


CERUSSA  ACETATA 


155 


CHAFING 


muses.    Glands  or  follicles,  which  secrete  the 
cerumen. 

CERUSSA  ACETATA,  Plumbi  superacetas 
— c.  Alba  Ilispanica,  Plumbi  subcarbonas — c. 
Alba  Norica,  Plumbi  subcarbonas— c.  Psymmi- 
thron,  Plumbi  subcarbonas — c.  Serpentaria, 
see  Arum  maculatum. 

CERUSSE,  Plumbi  subcarbonas. 
CERUS'SEA  URI'NA.    Terms  used  by  Pa- 
racelsus for  the  urine,  when  of  a  colour  like 
cerusse. 

CERVARIA  ALBA,  Laserpitium  latifolium. 

CERVEAU,  Cerebrum. 

CERVELET,  Cerebellum. 

CERVELLE,  Cerebrum. 

CERV1  ELAPHI  CORNU,Cornu  cervi,  see 
Cervus. 

CERVICAL,  Ccrvica'lis,  from  cervix,  'the 
back  of  the  neck.'  Trachdlian.  Every  thing 
which  concerns  the  neck,  especially  the  back 
part. 

Cervical  Ar'teries  are  three  in  number: 
I.  The  ascending,  anterior,  or  superficial,  a 
branch  of  the  inferior  thyroid,  distributed  to 
the  scaleni  muscles  and  integuments.  2.  The 
transverse  {Cervico-scapulaire — Ch.,)  a  branch 
of  the  axillary  artery,  or  of  the  subclavian:  dis- 
tributed to  the  levator  scapula,  trapezius,  &c.  3. 
The  posterior  or  profound,  A.  tiansversa'lis  colli 
Trac/idlo-ccrvicale — Ch.)  a  branch  of  the  subcla- 
vian, distributed  to  the  deep-seated  muscles  on 
the  anterior  and  posterior  parts  of  the  neck. 

Cervical  Gan'glions.  The  three  ganglions 
of  the  great  sympathetic.  The  cervical  glands 
or  lymphatic  glands  of  the  neck  are,  also,  so 
called. 

Cervical  Lig'aments.  These  are  two  in 
number.  1.  The  anterior,  extending  from  the 
basilavy  process  of  the  occipital  bone  to  the 
anterior  part  of  the  first  cervical  vertebra.  2. 
The  posterior  or  supraspinous,  Ligamcn'tum 
Nu'clim,  which  extends  from  the  outer  occipital 
protuberance  to  the  spinous  process  of  the 
seventh  cervical  vertebra.  In  animals  with 
large  heads,  it  is  very  strong. 

Cervical  Nerves  are  eight  in  number,  on 
each  side;  and  form  the  eight  cervical  pairs, 
which  are  the  first  given  off  from  the  spinal 
marrow. 

Cervical  Plexus,  Plexus  Trachdlo-souscu- 
t/md  (Ch.)  The  nervous  net-work,  formed  by 
the  anterior  branches  of  the  first  three  cervical 
nerves,  above  the  posterior  scalenus  muscle, 
and  at  the  outer  side  of  the  pneumogastric 
nerve,  carotid  artery,  and  jugular  vein. 

Cervical  Veins  have  nearly  the  same  dis- 
tribution as  the  arteries. 

Cervical  Ver'tebrjE.  The  first  seven  ver- 
tebrse.of  the  spine. 

CERVICAL1S  DESCENDENS,  see  Sacro- 
lumbalis. 

CERVICARIA,  Campanula  trachelium. 

CERV1CI  DORSOSCAPULAIRE,    Rhom- 
boideus — c.  Dorso-costal,  Serratus  posticus  su- 
perior— c-  Dorso-mastoidien   et   dorso-trachelien, 
Splenitis — r.  Mastoidien,  Splenitis. 
"CERVISL'INA,  Rhamnus. 

CERVIX,  Collum,(a.  v.)  The  neck.   A  neck. 

Cervix  Obstipa,  Torticollis. 

Cervix  U'teri.  The  neck  of  the  uterus; 
aleo  the  vagina.  The  term  cervix  is  applied  to 
other  parts,  as  the  cervix  of  a  bone,  or  the  part 
between  the  head  and  body,  &c.     Sec  Collum. 


CERVOISE,  Cere visia. 
CERVUS,  Cava.  The  horn  of  the  Cenus 
El'aphus,  called  Cornu,  Cervi  Ei'upld  Cornu, 
Cornu  Cervi'num,  Hartshorn,  (F.)  Come  de 
cerf,  contains  27  parts  of  gelatin  in  the  100.  A 
jelly  made  from  the  shavings  is  emollient  and 
nutritive. 

The  Stag's  Pizzk,  Pria'pus  Cervi,  was  once 
considered  to  be  aphrodisiac.  Dose,  Qj  to  gj  in 
powder. 

Cervus  Al'ces.  The  Elk,  (F.)  Elan.  The 
hoof  of  this  animal  was  anciently  used  as  an 
anti-epileptic.  The  animal,  it  was  asserted, 
was  subject  to  attacks  of  epilepsy,  and  always 
cured  them  by  putting  its  hoof  into  the  ear. 
The  hoof  was  also  worn  as  an  amulet. 

Cornu  Ustum  or  Burnt  Hartshorn  has  been 
used  as  an  antacid, but  it  consists  of  57  parts  of 
phosphate,  and  but  one  of  carbonate  of  lime.  It 
is,  therefore,  not  of  much  use. 

CtiSARlEJVNE  OPERATION,  Ccesarean 
section. 

CESTRFTES.  A  wine  prepared  from  be- 
tony,  (x.tcrT£ov,  'betony.') 

CESTRON,  Betonica  officinalis. 

CETA'CEUM,  from  k(;toS,  'a  whale.'  Album 
Ccti,  Jidipoct'ra  ceto'sa,  Spermacet'i,  (F.)  Blanc 
de  Buleine,  Celine,  Adipocire  dc  Baleinc.  An 
inodorous,  insipid,  white,  crystallized,  friable, 
unctuous  substance,  obtained  from  the  brain  of 
the  Physe'ter  Macroceph'alus  or  Spermaceti 
Whale,  and  other  varieties  of  whale.  S.  g. 
.0433:  melts  at  112°.  It  is  demulcent  and 
emollient;  has  been  given  in  coughs  and  dysen- 
tery, but  is  mostly  used  in  ointments.  Dose, 
zss  to  ^iss  rubbed  up  with  sugar  or  egg. 

CETERACH  OFFICINARUM,  Asplenium 
celerach. 

CJlTlJYE,  Get  ace  urn. 

CETRARI A  ISLAiN  DICA, Lichen  islandicus. 

CETRARIN,  see  Lichen  islandicus. 

CEVAD1LLA  HISPAJNORUM,  Veratrum 
sabadilla. 

CEVADILLE,  Veratrum  sabadilla. 

CHAA.Thea. 

CtLEREFOLIUM,  Seahdix  cerefolium. 

CH^EROPHYL'LUM,  from  jra.ow,  'I  re- 
joice,' and  ipvM.ov,  'a  leaf.' 

ChjErophyl'lum  Odora'tum,  Scandix  Odo- 
ra'ta,  Mijrrhis  Odor  a!  la,  Ccrcfo'lium  Hi  span' - 
icum,  Sweet  Cic"cly,  (F.)  Cerfeuil  muyquec  ou 
d'Espagne,  has  the  smell  of  aniseed,  and  is  cul- 
tivated on  account  of  its  aromatic  properties. 

Ghjerophvl'lum  Svlves'tiie,  Cicuta'ria, 
Chaerophyl'lum  Tem'ulum,  Cerrfo'lium  Sylves' - 
tre,  Bastard  Hemlock,  Wild  Chervilor  Cow-weed, 
(F.)  Cerfeuil  sauvagc,  Pirsil  d'Jlne,  is  a  slight- 
ly fetid  aromatic;  but  is  not  used. 

ChjErophyl'lum  Temulum,  Chsrophyllum 
sylvestre. 

CH^TE,  Capillus. 

CHAFING,  Erylhe'ma  Intertrigo,  Intertrigo, 
Paratrim'ma,  from  ^chauffer,  'to  heat.'  Fret, 
erosions  of  the  skin,  Altri'ta,  (F.)  £chauffemens, 
Ecorchurrs.  The  red  excoriations  which  occur 
in  consequence  of  the  friction  of  parts,  or  be- 
tween the  folds  of  the  skin,  especially  in  fat  or 
neglected  children.  Washing  with  cold  water 
and  dusting  with  hair  powder  is  the  best  pre- 
ventive. When  occurring  between  the  nates 
and  in  the  region  of  the  perinaeum,  from  long 
walking,  it  is  vulgarly  designated  by  the 
French  Entre-fcsson. 


CHAIR 


156 


CHAPPETONADE 


CHAIR,  Flesh. 
CHALAS1S,  Relaxation. 

CHALASMOS.  Relaxation. 

CHALAS'TICUS,  from  -/a).«-m,  'I  relax.'  A 
medicine  proper  for  removing  rigidity  of  the 
fibres.  —  Galen.  An  emollient  or  relaxant,  (q.  v.) 

CHALA'ZA,  Chain' zion,  Cbalazo'sis,  Poro'- 
sis,  Grando,  Hail.  (P.)  Grele,  Gravellc.  Certain 
hard,  round,  transparent  tumours,  developed  in 
different  parts  of  the  body,  more  especially  in 
the  substance  of  the  eyelids. 

CHALCANTHUM,  Ferri  sulphas— c.  Al- 
bum, Zinci  sulphas. 

CHALCEDONIUS,  Cornelian. 

CHALCITES,  Colcothar. 

CHALCOIDEUM,  (os)  Cuneiform  Bone. 

CHALCOS,  Cuprum,  iEreolum. 

CHALEUR,  Heat— c.  Acre,  see  Acrid— c. 
Animate,  Animal  heat — c.  des  Animaux,  Heat. 

CHALEURS  DUFOIE,  Heat. 

CHAL'INOPLASTY.  Chalinoplas'tke;  from 
jra/Lncg,  'frjenum,'  'a  bridle,"  and  nXa.tr  <ru>,  'I 
form.'  The  operation  for  forming  anew  framum. 

CHALK,  Creta— c.  Red,  Rubrica  fabrilis— 
c.  Stones,  Calculi  arthritic. 

CHA  LYB'EATE,  Cliahjbea'tus,Ferrugin'eits, 
Fcrru  vino's  us,  Martia'lis,  (F.)  Ferrugineux ; 
from  ckalybs,  'iron  or  steel.'  Of,  or  belonging 
to  iron.  Any  medicine,  into  which  iron  enters; 
as,  chalybeate  mixture,  pills,  waters,  &c.  See 
Waters,  Mineral. 

CHALYBIS  RUBIGO,  Ferri  subcarbonas. 

CHALYBS,  from  Chal'ybes;  a  people  of 
Pontus,  who  dug  iron  out  of  the  earth;  A'cies, 
Steel.  The  Protu-carburet  of  iron,  (F.)  Acier. 
As  a  medicine,  steel  does  not  differ  from  iron. 

Chalybs  Tautaiuzatus,  Ferrum  tartariza- 
tum. 

CHAM  A,  Cheme. 

CHAMJ3ACTE,  Sambucus  ebulua. 

CHAM.EBATOS,  Fragaria. 

CHAMiECEDRIS,  Artemisia  santonica. 

CHAMZECISSUS,  Glecoma  hederacea. 

CHAM^ECLEMA,  Glecoma  hederacea. 

CHAM^ECYPARISSUS,  Artemisia  santo- 
nica. 

CHAMiEDROPS,  Teucrium  chamiedrya. 

CHAM.EDRYS,  Teucrium  Oh.,  Veronica— 
c.  Incana  maritima,  Teucrium  marum — c. 
Minor  repens,  Teucrium  Ch. — c.  Palustris, Teu- 
crium scordium  — c.  Vulgaris,  Teucrium  Ch. 

CHAM^EDRY'TES.  A  wine,  in  which  the 
Teu'crium  Chamxdrys  has  been  infused. 

CHAM^GEIRON,  Tussilago. 

CHAM^ELAI'TES.  A.  wine  impregnated 
with  the  Chama'  lea  or  Daphne  A/pinu. 

CHAM<ELEA,  Cneorum  tricoccum. 

CHAMtEI^EAGNUS,  Myrica  gale. 

CHAMELEON  ALBUM,  Carlina  acaulis. 

CHAM.ELEUCE,  Tussilago. 

CHAM^ELINUM,  Linum  cathartienm. 

CHAMiEMELUM,  Anthemis  nobilis— c. 
Foetidum,  Anthemis  cotula — c.  Nobile,  Anthe- 
mis nobilis — c.  Odoralum,  Anthemis  nobilis — 
c.  Vulgare,  Matricaria  chamomilla. 

CHAM.EMORUM,  Teucrium  chamrepitys, 
Rubus  chamsemonis. 

CHAM^EPEUCE,    Camphorosma    monspe- 

'cHAM.EPITUI'NUM  VINUM.  A  wine,  in 
which  the  leaves  of  the  Chama'pitys,  Teu'- 
crium Cliamai'pitys,  have  been  infused. 

CHAM.EP1TYS,  Teucrium   chamtepitys— 


c.  Anthyllus,  Teucrium  iva— c.  Moschata,  Ten- 
crium  iva. 

CHA  U2E  P  LI  ON ,  Ery  si  m  u  m . 

CHAM/ERAPH'ANUM,  from  /«,««/,  'on 
the  ground,'  and  ga<favog,  'the  radish.'  So  Pau- 
lus  of  iEgina  calls  the  upper  part  of  the  root  of 
the  Apiurri. 

CHAM/E'ROPS  SERRAT'ULA,  Saw  Pal- 
metto.  A  farina  is  prepared  from  the  roots  of 
this  plant,  which  is  used  by  the  Indians  in  Flo- 
rida as  diet. 

CHAMBAR,  Magnesia. 

CHAMBER,  Cam' era.  (F.)  Chambre.  This 
term  is  used  in  speaking  of  the  eye,  in  which 
there  are  two  chambers: — an  anterior  and  a 
posterior.  (F.)  Chambre  antiricure  el  postirieure. 
The  anterior  is  the  space  between  the  cornea 
and  the  anterior  part  of  the  iris  : — the  posterior, 
the  space  between  the  iris  and  anterior  surface 
of  the  crystalline.  They  are  filled  with  the 
aqueous  humour,  and  communicate  by  the 
opening  in  the  pupil. 

CHAM'BERLAIN'S  RESTOR'ATIVE 
PILLS.  This  nostrum,  recommended  in  scro- 
fula, and  all  impurities  of  the  blood,  has  been 
analyzed  by  Dr.  Paris,  and  found  to  consist  of 
cinnabar,  sulphur,  sulphate  of  lime,  and  a  little 
vegetable  matter.     Each  pill  weighs  3  grains. 

CHAMBRE,  Chamber. 

CHAMBR1E,  Cannabis  sativa. 

CHAMELEA.  Daphne  Afpina. 

CHAMOMILE,  DOGS'.  Matricaria  chamo- 
milla— c.  Dyer's,  Anthemis  tinctoria — c.  Ger- 
man, Matricaria  chamomilla — c.  Spanish,  Anthe- 
mis pyrethrum — c.  Stinking,  Anthemis  cotula 
— c.  Wild,  Anthemis  cotula. 

CHAMOMILLA  NOSTRAS,  Matricaria  cha- 
momilla— c.  Romana,  Anthemis  nobilis — c.  Spu- 
ria, Anthemis  cotula. 

CHAMPACA,  Michelia  champaca. 

CHAMPIGNON,  Fungus— c.  de  VAppareil 
des  Frazturcs,  Ciavaria — c.  de  Couclte,  see  Aga- 
ric— c.  dt  Malte,  Cynomorion  coccineum. 

CHANCE  LAGUA,  Canchalagua. 

CHANCRE,  (F.)  Ulcus  cancro'sum,  Ulcus'- 
culum  cancro'sum.  A  sore,  which  arises  from 
the  direct  application  of  the  venereal  virus; 
hence  it  is  almost  always  seated,  in  men,  on  the 
penis.  The  French  use  the  word  Chancre,  in 
popular  language,  for  cancerous  ulcers,  the  ma- 
lignant aphtha?  of  children,  &c.  Formerly,  the 
terms  Caroli  and  Caries  pudendo'rum  were  used 
for  venereal  pustules  or  sores  on  the  parts  of 
generation. 

CHANCREUX,  Chancreuse,  (F.)  Cancro'sus, 
Carcino'des.  Having  the  nature  of  chancre,  or 
of  cancer. 

Bottton  C/ioncre.ux.  A  small  tumour  of  a  can- 
cerous nature,  which  makes  its  appearance  on 
the  face — most  frequently  on  the  upper  lip — - 
JVoli.  me  tangere. 

CHANT  DES  ARTERES,  SiJJlement  moduli. 

CHANVRE.  Cannabis  sativa. 

CHAOMANTI'A.  The  nlchymista  meant, 
by  this  word,  the  art  of  predicting  the  future 
from  observation  of  the  air.  The  word  Chaos 
was  used  by  Paracelsus  for  the  air;  (jiarrtia, 
'  divination.') 

CHAOSDA.  Plague. 

CHAPERON  DE  MOINE,  Aconitum  na- 
pellus. 

CHAPPETONADE,  (F.)  Vom'ilu,  rabio'sus. 


CHARACTER 


157 


CHAUFFOIR 


Vomiting  accompanied  by  furious  delirium, 
attacking  strangers  in  hot  countries. 

CHAR'ACTER,  /apaicTije, '  A  mark  or  im- 
pression,' (F.)  Caraclhe.  In  Pathology,  it  is 
used  synonymously  with  stamp  or  appearance. 
We  say,  "  A  disease  is  of  unfavourable  charac- 
ter,'' "The  prevailing  epidemic  has  a  bilious 
character,"  &c.     In  Menial  Philosophy  it  means 

-that  which  distinguishes  one  individual  from 


CHATEAU-LANDON,  WATERS  OF.     A 

town  three  leagues  lrom  Nemours,  in  France. 
The  waters  contain  alum  and  iron. 

CHATEAU-SALINS;  a  town  in  the  depart- 
ment of  La  Meurlhe,  France.  The  waters  con- 
tain carbonate  of  lime,  sulphates  of  lime  and 
magnesia,  and  chlorides  of  magnesium  and 
sodium. 

CHATELDON,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 


another,  as  regards  his  understanding  and  pas-    Chateldon  is  in  the  department  of  Puy-de-D6me, 

France.     The  waters  contain  carbonic  acid  and 
iron. 
CHATEL-GUYON   MINERAL   WATERS 


sions. 

CHARA'DRIUS.  iEIian  thus  calls  a  bird, 
which  was  reputed  to  cure  jaundice.  The  word 
now  means  the  plover. 

CHARANTIA,  Momordica  elaterium. 
CHARBOK,  Anthrax  carbo. 
CHARBONjYEUX,  Anthracoid. 
CHARCOAL,  Carbo— c.  Animal,  Carbo  ani- 
malis. 

CHARDOJYAUX  A/V£.S,Onopordium  acan- 
thium — c.  Benit,  Centaurea  benedicta — c.  a 
Bonnetier,  Dipsacus  fullonum — c.  Etoil6,  Cen- 
taurea calcitiapa — c.  a  Foulon,  Dipsacus  fullo- 
num— c.  Hemorrhoidal,  Cirsium  arvense — c. 
il/rm>,Carduus  Marianus — c.floland,  Eryngium 
campestre. 

CHARLATAN,  from  Ital.  ciarlare,  'to  talk 
much;'  Circula'tor,  Circa rnforu'neus, Period eu' les, 
Pscudomcd'icus,  Agyr'la,  Anacyc'leon,  A  Quack, 
an  Empirical  Pretender,  Empiric.  Probably, 
one  who  goes  from  place  to  place  to  sell  any 
medicine,  to  which  he  attributes  marvellous 
properties.  By  extension — any  individual,  who 
endeavours  to  deceive  the  public  by  passing 
himself  off  as  more  skilful  than  he  really  is. 
According  to  Menage,  the  word  comes  from 
circa lalanvs,  a  corruption  of  circulator. 

CHARLATANRY,  Agyr'tia,  Banau'sia,  the 
conduct  or  action  of  a  charlatan.  (F.)  Charla- 
lanerie,  Churlatanisme,  Quackery,  Empiricism. 

CHARM,  Lat.  Carmen,  whence  comes  the 
Italian  Ciarma,  (F.)  Churme,  with  the  same  sig- 
nification, Canta'lio,  Incantamen'tum.  Trick. 
A  sort  of  magic,  or  superstitious  practice,  by 
which  it  was  believed,  that  individuals  might 
be  struck  with  sickness  or  death,  or  be  restored 
to  health. 

CHARNlkRE,  Ginglymus. 
CHARJYU,  Carneous. 
CHARPIE.Carbasus. 
CHARTA  VIRGINEA,  Amnios. 
CHARTRE,  Tabes  mesenterica. 
C'H.JS  (F.)  Acmfora'men.     The  eye  of  a  nee- 
dle.    Sometimes,  this  opening  is  near  the  point 
of  the  instrument,  as  in  the  ligature  needle. 
CHASME,  Yawning. 
CHASPE,  Variola. 

CHASSE  (F.)  Manu'brium.  A  kind  of  handle 
composed  of  two  moveable  lamina?  of  horn,  shell, 
or  ivory,  united  only  at  the  extremity,  which 
holds  the  blade  of  the  instrument, — as  in  the 
common  bleeding  lancet. 

CIIASSIE  (F.)  Lenta,  Lippa,  Glama,  Gra- 
tnia;  the  gam  of  the  eye.  A  sebaceous  humour, 
secreted  mainly  by  the  follicles  of  Meibomius, 
which  sometimes  glues  the  eyelids  together. 

CHASSfEUX    (F.)    Lippus;   covered   with 
Chassie. — as  Paupii-res  chassieuses. 
CHASTE  TREE,  Vitex. 
CHATAlGjYE,see  Fagus  castanea — c.  d'Eau, 
Trapa  natans. 

CHATAIGjYIER  COMMWf,  Fagus  castanea 
— c.  jYain,  Fagus  castanea  pumila. 


OF.  A  village  in  France,  in  the  department. 
Puy-de  Dome,  near  which  there  are  five  ther- 
mal and  acidulous  springs.  Temperature,  8(jo 
Fahrenheit. 

CHATON  {¥.),  'a  husk.'  In  pathology,  it 
means  a  f undo,  or  cavity  formed  by  the  irregu- 
lar or  hour-glass  contraction  of  tile  uterus,  in 
which  the  placenta  is  often  retained  or  encha- 
lunnt  after  the  birth  of  the  child.  It  is  detected 
by  passing  the  fingers  along  the  cord  as  far  as 
the  part  which  is  contracted,  when  the  placenta 
will  not  be  discoverable. 

The  treatment  consists  in  relaxing  by  a  large 
dose  of  an  opiate,  then  passing  the  fingers  along 
the  cord,  and  gradually  dilating  the  opening 
through  which  it  passes,  until  it  permits  the 
hand  to  go  through.  The  placenta  must  then 
be  grasped  and  gently  withdrawn. 
C  HA  TON,  Vaginal  process. 
CHATOjYKl,  CALCUL,(F.)  Calculus  incar- 
cera'tus,  Encys'tcd  Calculus,  Calcul  enkysti.  A 
urinary  calculus,  adherent  to  the  inner  surface 
of  the  bladder,  so  that  it  is  immovable,  and  can- 
not pass  to  the  different  parts  of  that  organ. 
This  happens  when  calculi  form  in  some  natu- 
ral or  accidental  cavity  of  the  bladder  ;  or  when 
the  organ,  by  ulceration,  gives  rise  to  fungi, 
which  surround  the  calculus;  or  when  it  is 
lodged  in  the  orifice  of  the  ureter  or  urethra. 

CUATOJYNE,  PLACENTA,  (F.)  The  pla- 
centa when  retained  as  above  described.  See 
Chaton. 

CHATOjYjYEMEJVT,  (F.)  Incarcera'lio,  Cha- 
tonnement  du  placenta.  Enkystement — Hour- 
glass contraction  of  the  uterus.     See  Chaton. 

CHAT0U1LLEMEjYT,{F '.)  This  word  some- 
times means  the  action  of  tickling  (q.  v.)  or 
titillation  {Titilla'lio,)  and,  at  others,  the  sensa- 
tion which  gives  rise  to  the  action  (Pruri'tus,) 
Itching. 

CUATRlt,  Castratus. 
CHATRURE,  Castration. 
CHAUDEBOURG,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  C.  is  three  quarters  of  a  league  from  Thi- 
onville  in  France.  The  waters  contain  iron, 
sulphate  of  lime,  sulphate  of  magnesia,  and 
carbonate  of  lime. 

CHA  UDEPISSE,GonorrhcesL  impura— c.  Cor- 
die,  Gonorrhoea  cordata — c.  tombde  dans  les 
Bourses,  Hernia  humoralis. 

CHAUDES-A1GUES,  MINERAL  WA- 
TERS OF.  A  small  town  in  the  department 
of  Cantal,  France,  where  there  is  a  number  of 
saline  springs  containing  carbonic  acid,  carbo- 
nate of  soda,  and  chloride  of  sodium.  Temp. 
190°  Fahrenheit. 

CHAUFFOIR  (F.)  Linteum  Ca/rfaclo'num. 
According  to  the  Acad'emie,  a  warmed  cloth, 
used  either  for  the  purpose  of  warming  a  pa- 
tient, or  to  apply  to  a  female  recently  delivered. 


CHAUSSE 


158 


CHELTENHAM  WATER 


^  CHAUSSE, (F.)  Chausse  d'  Hippoerate,Manche 
d' Hippocrate,  Man'ica  Hippoc'ratis,  Man' tea, 
Hippocrates'  Sleeve.  A  conical  bag,  made  of 
flannel,  for  straining  liquids. 

CHAUSSE-TRAPPE,  Centaurea  calcitrapa. 

CHMJVETl,  Calvities. 

CHAUX,  HYDROSULFATE  DE,  Calcis 
sulphuretum  —  c.  Vive,  Calx  viva. 

CHECKER-BERRY,  Arbutus  uva  ursi. 

CHEEK,  Gena. 

CHEESE,  Sax.  cere,  (L.)  Ca'seus,  Tyros, 
(F.)  Frontage.  An  aliment,  prepared  from  the 
caseous  and  oleaginous  parts  of  milk.  Fresh 
cheeses  owe  their  chief  medical  properties  to 
the  immediate  principle,  essentially  cheesy,  to 
which  the  name  ca'sevm  or  casein  has  been 
applied.  Those,  which  have  been  recently 
salted,  are  digested  with  comparative  facility. 
The  flavour  of  cheese  is  owing  to  an  ammonia- 
cal  caseate.  On  the  whole,  cheese  itself  is  not 
easy  of  digestion,  although  it  may  stimulate  the 
stomach  to  greater  exertion,  and  thus  aid  in  the 
digestion  of  other  substances. 

CHEESE  REjYJYET,  Galium  verum. 

CHEE'SY,  Casea'rius,  Caseo'svs,  Tyro'des, 
(F.)  Caseux  ou  Caseux.  Having  the  nature  of 
cheese. 

CHEF,  Bandage  (tail.) 

CHEILITIS,  or  CHI  LITIS,  from  x"*°e>  ' a 
lip.'     Inflammation  of  the  lip.     See  Chilon. 

CHEILOC'ACE,  from  XuXt>c,  -a  lip,'  and 
xttKog,  'evil.'  Labrisul'cium.  A  disease,  cha- 
racterized, it  is  said,  by  swelling,  induration, 
and  slight  redness  of  the  lips  without  inflam- 
mation ;  reputed,  but  without  any  authority,  to 
be  common  in  England  and  Scotland,  amongst 
children.  Also,  the  thickness  of  the  upper  lip 
of  scrofulous  children.  See  Stomacace,  and 
Cancer  aqualicus. 

CHEILOCARCINO'MA,  from  Xtilog,  'a  lip,' 
and  xagxiru><<*,  'cancer.'     Cancer  of  the  lip. 

CHEILOMALACIA,  Cancer  aquaticus,  Sto- 
macace. 

CHEILON,  Chilon.  _ 

CHE1LOPLASTICE,  Chiloplaslke,  from 
Xulog,  'lip,'  and  niaariKog,  'forming.'  The 
operation  for  an  artificial  lip. 

CHEILOS,  Lip. 

CHEIMA.  Cold. 

CHEIMETHLON,  Chilblain. 

CHE1MIA,  Rigor. 

CHEIR,  Manus. 

CHEIRANTHUS  CHEIRI,  from  *«e,{the 
hand,'  and  arSog,  'flower.'  The  systematic 
name  of  the  Common  Yellow  Wall- Flower,  Vi'- 
o!a  lu'tea,  Lcur.o'ium  lu'teum,  Keyri,  C/ieiri,  (F.) 
Geroflie  ou  Violier  jaune.  The  flowers  have 
been  esteemed  nervine,  narcotic,  and  deob- 
struent. 

CHEIRAP'SIA.  The  action  of  rubbing  or 
scratching,  from  /fig,  'the  hand,'  and  a7rTw, 
'1  touch.'    A  troublesome  symptom  in  the  itch. 

CHEIR1ATER,  Surgeon. 

CHEIRIS'M  A,  Chciris'mus.  The  act  of  touch- 
ing:— handling.     Any  manual  operation. 

CHEIRIX IS,  Surgery. 

CHEIRONOM'IA,  Chironom'ia,  from  X"Q<>- 
vc/Aiv),  '  1  exercise  with  the  hands.'  An  exer- 
cise, referred  to  by  Hippocrates,  which  con- 
sisted in  using  the  hands,  as  in  our  exercise  of 
the  dumb-bells. 

CHF-IROPLETHES,  Fasciculus. 

CHEIROSIS,  Subactio. 


CHELA,  xrjXrj.  This  word  has  several  sig- 
nifications. Chela,  a  forked  probe  used  for  ex- 
tracting polypi  from  the  nose.  CUtke—  chaps, 
or  cracks  on  the  feet,  organs  of  generation,  &c. 
Chela  likewise  means  claws,  especially  those 
of  the  crab.     See  Cancroram  Cbelse. 

Chela  Palpebrarum,  see  Tarsus. 

CHELAPA,  Convolvulus  jalapa. 

CH/iLIDOlJYE  GRAJHDE,  Chelidonium 
majus— c.  Petite,  Ranunculus  ficaria. 

CHELIDON,  Xf).iSwv,  the  hollow  at  the  bend 
of  the  arm.     Hirun'do.  (q,  v.) 

CHEL1DONIA  ROTUNDIFOLIA  MINOR, 
Ranunculus  ficaria. 

CHELIDONIUM,  Bryonia  alba. 

Chelidon'ium  Majus,  from  XiXidwi,  'aswal- 
low,'  because  its  flowering  coincides  with  the 
appearance  of  the  swallow.  Papa'ver  Cornicu- 
la'tum,  P.  lu'tevm,  Common  Celandine.,  Tetter- 
wort,  (F.)  Chelidoine  grand e,  L'ltclaire.  Family, 
Papaverace®.  Sea;.  Syst.  Polyandria  Monogy- 
nia.  The  root  and  recent  plant  have  been  con- 
sidered aperient  and  diuretic.  Externally,  the 
juice  has  been  employed  in  some  cutaneous 
diseases. 

Chelidonidm  Minus,  Ranunculus  ficaria. 

CHELIDON'IUS  LAPIS.  A  name  given 
to  stones,  which,  it  was  pretended,  existed  in 
the  stomach  of  young  swallows.  They  were 
formerly  believed  capable  of  curing  epilepsy. 

CHELOID^  Cancroid. 

CHELO'NE,  XtXwvri,  'a  tortoise.'  An  in- 
strument for  extending  a  limb;  so  called,  be- 
cause, in  its  slow  motions,  it  resembled  a  tor- 
toise.— Oribasius.     See  Testudo. 

Chelo'ne  Glabra,  Common  Snake  head ,  Tur- 
tle head,  Turtle  bloom,  Shellflower.  An  indige- 
nous plant,  Sex.  Syst.  Didynamia  angiospermia; 
blossoming  from  July  to  November.  The  leaves 
are  bitter  and  tonic;  without  any  aromatic 
smell,  and  with  very  little  astringency. 

OHELO'NIA  MYDAS,  Tfte  Green  Turtle. 
This  species  of  turtle  abounds  on  the  coast  of 
Florida.     It  is  the  one  so  prized  by  the  epicure. 

CHELO'NION,  Chclo'nium,  from  jsiUinf,  'a 
tortoise,'  from  its  resembling  in  shape  the  shell 
of  that  animal.  The  upper,  gibbous  part  of  the 
back. — Gorraeus. 

CHELONOPH'AGI,  from  XiX<arrn  'the  tor- 
toise,' and  (paytD,  '  I  eat.'  An  ancient  name  for 
certain  tribes,  who  dwelt  on  the  coasts  of  the 
Red  Sea,  and  who  lived  only  on  tortoises. — 
Pliny,  Diodorus  of  Sicily. 

CHEL'SEA  PEN'SIONER.  An  empirical 
remedy  for  rheumatism,  sold  under  this  name. 
(Gum.  guaiac,  gj,  powdered  rhubarb  jjij,  cream 
of  tartar  ^j.  flowers  of  sulphur  gj,  one  nutmeg, 
finely  powdered:  made  into  an  electuary  with 
a  pound  of  clarified  honey.)    Dose  two  spoonfuls. 

CHELTENHAM,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  C.  is  a  town  in  Gloucestershire,  England, 
nine  miles  from  Gloucester,  and  94  W.  of  Lon- 
don. Jts  water  is  one  of  the  most  celebrated 
natural  purgatives  in  England.  It  is  a  saline, 
acidulous  chalybeate,  and  is  much  frequented. 
Its  main  constituents  are  chloride  of  sodium, 
sulphate  of  soda,  sulphate  of  magnesia,  carbonic 
acid  and  carbonate  of  iron. 

Cheltenham  Water,  Artificial,  may  be 
made  of  Epsom  still,  gr.  xij,  iron  filings,  gr.  j: 
Glauber's  salt,  5iv:  iciitcr,  4  gallons:  impreg- 
nated with  the  gas  from  marble  poicder  and  sul- 
phuric acid,  aa  ^ij. 


CHELTENHAM  SALTS 


159 


CHILBLAIN 


Cheltenham  Salts.  These  are  sometimes 
made  I'roni  the  waters;  at  others,  factitiously. 
The  following  is  a  formula.  Sotlii  cklorid.,  mag- 
nes.  sulphat.,sodsE  sulph.,  aa  Ibj:  dissolve,  filter, 
evaporate  to  dryness,  then  add  Ferri  sulph., ^ss. 
CHELYS,  Thorax. 

CHELYS'C  ION,  from  /t?.v?,  'the  chest.'  A 
short,  dry  cough. —  Galen,  Hippocr.  Foesius. 

CHE'ME,  CHA'MA,CHE'RAMIS.  An  an- 
cient measure,  equivalent  to  about  two  tea- 
spoonfuls. 

CHEMEUT1CE,  Chymistry. 
CHEMIST,  Chymist. 
CHEMISTRY,  Chymistry. 
CHEMO'SIS,  from  /r^n;,  '  an  aperture,'  or 
from  2'."°?»  '  an  humour.'     A  name  given  to 
ophthalmia,  when  the  conjunctiva,  surrounding 
the  cornea,  forms  a  high  ring,  making  the  cor- 
nea seem  as  it  were  at  the  bottom  of  a  well. 
By  some,  it  is  used  synonymously  with  ophthal- 
mia membranarum.    See  Ophthalmia. 

CHEN  AY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  C. 
is  a  town  in  France,  two  leagues  from  Rheims. 
The  waters  are  chalybeate. 

Cfl£'JV£,Quercus,alba — c.  Marin,  Fucus  ve- 
siculosus— c.    Petit,  Teucrium    chamffidrys— c. 
Vert.  Ilex  aquifolium. 
CHEJVEVIS      See  Cannabis  saliva. 
CHENOBOSCON,  Potentilla  anserina. 
CHENOC'OPRUS,  from  Xr\v, '  a  goose,'  and 
xvnnog,   'dung.'     The  dung  of  the  goose  is  so 
designated  in  some  old  Pharmacopoeias.     It  was 
formerly  employed  as  a  febrifuge  and  diuretic. 
CHENOPO'DIUM  AMBROSIO'i'DES,  from 
^■jjr,  '  a  goose,'  and  nuvq,  '  a  foot.'     Botrys  Mex- 
ica'na,  Chenopo'dium  Mexico'  num,  Botrys,  Am- 
lirosioi'dcs  Mexico.' na,  Botrys  America' no, ,  Mexico 
Tea,  Spanish  Tea,  Arlemis'ia  Botrys,  (F.)  Anse- 
rine,   The  du  Mexique,  Ambrosie   du   Mexique. 
The  infusion  was  once  drunk  as  tea.     It  has 
been  used  in  paralytic  cases;  and  in  the  United 
States  is  said  to  be  used  as  an  anthelmintic  in- 
discriminately with  Ch.  anthelminticum. 

Chenopo'dium  Anthelmin'ticum,  Chenopo'- 
dium, Botrys  anth dmin'tica,  Wormsced,  Worm- 
goosefoot,  Wormseed  goosejoot,  Jerusalem  Oak 
of  America,  Goosefoot  Stinkweed,  (F.)  Ansirine 
anthelminlique,  A.  vermifuge.  This  plant  grows 
plentifully  in  the  United^States.  The  fruit — 
Chenopodium  (Ph.  U.  S.) — is  much  used  in 
cases  of  worms.  Dose  of  the  powder,  from  a 
tea-spoonful  to  a  table-spoonful  or  more.  The 
oil,  Oleum  Chenopo'dii,  (Ph.  U.  S.)  from  8  to  10 
drops,  is  more  frequently  exhibited.  It  is  as 
much  used  in  America  as  the  Semen  Santon'ici 
with  the  English. 

Chenopo'dium  Bonus  Henri'cus.  Chryso- 
lach'anum,  Mer curia' lis,  Bonus  Henri'cus,  Tola 
bona,  Lap'uthum  uncluo'sum,  Chenopo'dium, 
English  Mercury,  All  good.  Angular -leaved  goose- 
foot,  (F  )  Anserine  Bon  Henri,  Epinurd  sauvage. 
The  leaves  are  emollient,  and  have  been  applied 
to  ulcers,  &c.  It  has  also  been  considered  re- 
frigerant and  eccoprotic 

Chenopo'dium  Botkys,  Botrys,  Botrys  vulgu'- 
ris,  Ambro'sia,  Artrmis'ia  Chenopo'dium,  At' - 
riplex  odora'ta,  At'ripUx  suav'eolens;  the  Jeru- 
salem Oak,  (EngJ  (F.)  Ansirine  Botrys,  pos- 
.  sesses  anthelmintic  properties,  and  was  once 
given  in  diseases  of  the  chest,  pals)',  &c.  It  is 
useless. 

Chenopodium  Fcbtidum,  Chenopodium  vul- 
varia. 


Chenopo'dium  Vui.va'ria,  At'riphx  fm'tida, 
'riplex  ol'ida,  Vuha'ria,  Garos'mum,  Uaphtx, 
ienopo'diam    Fa' lid  urn,    Stinking     Orach    or 


Ar 
CI, 

Goosefoot,  (F.)  Vukairc,  Arruche  puant,  Anse- 
rine fttide.     The  fetid  smell  has  occasioned  it 
to  be  used  as  an  antispasmodic  and  nervine. 
CHEOPINA.  Chopine. 
CHEQUERBERRY,  Gaullheria. 
CHERAMIS,  Cheme. 
CHERBACHEM,  Veratrum  album. 
CHERB AS,  Lettuce. 
CHERMES.  Kermes. 
CHERNIBIUM,  Urinal. 
CHERRY,  BIRD,  Prunus  padus-c.  Tiee, 
red,  Prunus  cerasus — c.  Tree,   black,  Piunus 
avium — c.  Tree,  wild,  Prunus    Virginiana — c. 
Water,  Kirschwasser — c.  Wild  cluster,  Prunus 
padus—c.  Winter,  Physalis. 
CHERS.E,  Faces. 

CHERVIL,  Scandix   cerefolium — c.  Wild, 
Chairophyllum  sylvestre. 
CHEST,  Thorax. 

CHESTNUT  TREE.  Facrus  caslanea. 
CHEVAUCHEMENT,  (F.)  Os'sium  super- 
posi"tio  vel  equita'lio,  Farallax'is,  Pura/lug'ma. 
The  riding  of  one  bone  over  another  after  frac- 
ture; giving  rise  to  shortening  of  the  limb 
See  riding  of  Bones. 
CHEVELURE,  Scalp. 

CHEVESTRE  or  CHEVETRE,  Capis'Uum. 
from  caput,  'the  head.'  A  bandage,  applied 
round  the  head  in  cases  of  fracture  or  luxation 
of  the  lower  jaw.  According  to  the  mode  in 
which  it  is  made,  it  is  called  simple,  double,  ob- 
lique, &c. 

CHEVEU,  Capillus. 
CHEVILLE  DU  PIED,  Malleolus. 
CHEVRE-FEUILLE,  Lonicera   Periclyme- 
mum. 

CHEZAIS'AN'CE,  from  %tt(,\  '  I  go  to  stool,' 
and  avu.yy.ri,  'necessity.'  An  ointment  com- 
posed of  honey  and  alum,  and  rubbed  on  the  anus 
to  occasion  evacuations — Paulus  of  jEgina. 

CHIA,  Chia  terra,  from  Chios,  an  island 
where  it  was  found.  A  kind  of  while  earth, 
fornierly  used  for  burns. — Galen. 

CH1ACUM  COLLYR'JUM.  A  collyrium 
consisting  of  several  drugs  and  Chian  wine. — 
Paulus  of  iEgina. 

CHIADUS,  Furunculus. 
CHIAS'MOS,  Chias'ma,  from  ^-[atoj;  to  form 
like  the  letter  ^.    The  crucial  union  of  parts, — 
as  the  decussation  (a.  v.)  of  the  optic  nerves. 
CHIASTER,  Kias'ter. 

CHIAS'TOS.  Same  etymon.  A  bandage, 
so  called  because  it  resembles  the  letter  y_. — 
Oribasius. 

CIIIBOU,  see  Bursera  gnmmifera. 
CH1CHA.     A  drink  made  in  Peru  with  In- 
dian meal  dried  in  the  sun,  and  fermented  with 
water.     Its  taste  is  that  of  bad  cider. 
CHICKENPOX,  Varicella. 
CHICKWEED,  Alsine  media. 
CHICORE'E  DESJARDINS,  Cichorium  en- 
divia — c.  Sauvage,  Cichorium  intybus. 
CH1ENDEKT,  Triticum  repens. 
CHIGOE,  Cluque. 
CHIGGRE,  Ch\que. 

CHIL'BLAIN,  Pcr'nio,  Bugaritia,  Erythe'- 
ma  Pcr'nio,  Erythe'ma  a  Fri'gurS,  Cheimeth' Ion, 
from  chill,  'cold,'  and  b/uin,  'a  pustule,'  (F.) 
Engelurc.     An  erythematous  inflammation  of 


CHILD-BED  STATE 


1G0 


CHIROTRIBIA 


the  feet,  bands,  &c,  occasioned  by  cold.  It  is 
very  common  in  youth  — not  so  in  the  adult  or 
advanced  age.  It  is  apt  to  degenerate  into 
painful,  indolent  ulcerations,  called  Kibes 
Chilblains  are  prevented  by  accustoming  the 
parts  to  exposure;  and  are  treated  by  stimulant, 
terebinthinate  and  balsamic  washes,-ointments, 
and  liniments. 

CHILD-BED  STATE,  Parturient  state. 

CHILDREN'S  BANE,  Cicuta  maculata. 

CHILI,  see  Lima. 

CHIL'I,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  The 
most  celebrated  mineral  springs  of  Chili,  in 
South  America,  are  those  of  i'eldehues  and 
Cauquenes.  The  former  are  not  far  from  St. 
Jago.  They  consist  of  two  springs,  one  ther- 
mal, the  other  cold.  The  hot  spring  is  clear, 
inodorous,  and  contains  soda  and  carbonic  acid. 
The  cold  spring  contains  iron  and  sulphate  of 
soda.  Cauquenes  is  much  resorted  to  by  inva- 
lids during  the  summer.  Mineral  waters  are 
very  common  in  Chili. 

CH1LIOGRAMMA,  Kilocrramtne. 

CHILIOPHYLLON,  Achillea  millefolium. 

CH1LITES,  Cheilitis. 

CHILL,  Rigor. 

CHl'LON,  Chei'lan,  Cheilitis,  from  ^fiAsc, 
'a  lip.'  Inflammation  of  the  lips. — Vogel.  One 
who  has  a  thick  lip. 

CHILOPLASTICE,  Cheiloplastice. 

CHIMAPHILA,  Pyrola  umbellata. 

CHIMIA,  Chymistry. 

CHIMIATER,Chymiater. 

CHIMIATRIA,  Chymiatria. 

CHIM/E.  Chymistry. 

CHIMISTE,  Ohynrist. 

CHIMON,  Cold'. 

CHINA.  Cinchona,  Smilax  china — c.  Ameri- 
can or  West  India,  Smilax  pseudo-china — c. 
Occidentalis,  Smilax  pseudo  china — c.  Root, 
Smilax  china — c.  Spuria  nodosa,  SirSilax  pseu- 
do-china. 

CHINCAPIN.  Fagus  castanea  pumila — c. 
Water,  Nelumbiuin  luteum. 

CHINCH  10,  Cimex. 

CHINCHINA,  Cinchona. 

CHINCHUNCHULLLIonidium  marcucci. 

CHINCOUGH,  Pertussis. 

CHINESE,  MEDICINE  OF  THE,  Medici' na 
Sin'ica.  Medicine  Ins  been  long,  but  most  im- 
perfectly, practised  by  the  Chinese.  From  their 
therapeutics  we  have  obtained  the  old  opera- 
tions of  acupuncture  and  rnoxibustion. 

CHINICUS  ACETAS,  Quinine,  acetate  of— 
c.  Citras,  Quinine,  citrate  of. 

CHINII  ACETAS,  Quinine,  acetate  of. 

CHIN1NI  ACETAS,  Quinine,  acetate  of. 

CH1NINUM,  Quinina — c.  Sulfuricum,  see 
Quinina. 

CHIN IO (DINE,  Chinoidine,  Chinoidina;  from 
China,  ' Cinchona.'  A  substance  presumed  to 
be  an  alkaloid  by  Sertiirner,  who  separated  it 
from  cinchona.  It  has  been  supposed  to  be  a 
mixture  of  quiuia,  cinchonia,  and  a  peculiar  re- 
sinous matter. 

CHINIUM  ACETICUM.  Quinine,  acetate 
of — c.  Ferroeyanogenatum,  Quinine,  Ferrocya- 
nate  of — c.  Hydrochloricum,  Quinine,  muriate 
of— c  Muriaticum,  Quinine,  muriate  of— c.Ni- 
tricum,  Quinine,  nitrate  of — c.  Phosphoricum, 
Quinine,  phosphate  of — c.  Salitum,  Quinine, 
muriate  of — c    Solphuricum,  &c.  see  Quinina. 

CHINNEYWEED,  Lichen  roccella. 


C 1  (IN  WHELK,  Sycosis. 

CHINQUAPIN,  Fagus  castanea  pumila. 

CllIOCOCCiE  RADIX,  Camcui  radix. 

CHIOLI,  Furunculus. 

CI  HON.  Snow. 

CM  QUE,  (F.)  Puce  ptnitrante,  Fukx  Pen- 
etrans, Tick,  Chiggre,  Chigoe.  A  small  insect 
in  America  and  the  Antilles,  which  gets  under 
the  epidermis,  and  excites  great  irritation. 

CHIRor  CHEIR,  Xu^y  'the  hand,'  hence: 

CHI'RAGRA,  from  ^sig,  'hand,'  and  «)-gu, 
'a  seizure.'      Gout  in  the  hand. 

CHIRAPOTHECA,  Arsenal. 

CHIRAYITA,  Gentiana  chirayta. 

CHIRAYTA,  Gentiana  chirayta. 

CHIRETTA,  Gentiana  chirayta. 

CH!  RHEUM  A,  Chirrheuma. 

CHIRIATER,  Surgeon. 

CHIRIATRIA,  Surgery. 

CHl'ROMANCY,  Chiromanti'a,  Palm'istnj, 
from  %f£, '  the  hand,'  and  uui  rata,  '  divination,' 
(F.)  Chiromancie.  Art  of  divining  by  inspec- 
tion of  the  hand. 

CHIRONAX,  Surgeon. 

CHIRO'NIA,  (from  Chiron,  Xfigtov,  the  Cen- 
taur, who  is  said  to  have  discovered  its  use.) 
A  ffenus  of  plants.     Fain.  Gentianeaj. 

Cihro'ma  Axgula/kis,  Amer'ican  Ccn'taury, 
Rosepink,  Wild  Suc'cury,  Bi.lltrbluum,  Gentry, 
Subba'tia,  S.  Jlngulu' ris.  Every  part  of  this 
plant  is  a  pure  and  strong  bitter,  which  pro- 
perty is  communicated  alike  to  alcohol  and  to 
water.     It  is  used  as  a  tonic  and  a  stomachic. 

Ciiiro'nia  Centau'kipm,  Centau'rium  minus, 
vulga're,  Centau'rium  parvum,  Gentia'na  cen- 
tuu'rium,  Centau'rium  minus,  Erythrie'a  Cen- 
tau'rium, Smullcr  Centaury,  Lesser  Centaury, 
(F.)  Centaur  6c  petite.  The  tops  of  the  lesser  Cen- 
taury, Centaurii  Cnr.u'mina,  are  aromatic  and 
tonic,  and  are  sometimes  employed  as  such. 

Ciiiro'nia  Chilen'sis.  Genliu'na  Cachenla- 
huen,  Cachen-laguen,  Erytluse'a  Chiknsis,  Gen- 
tiana Peruviana.  A  very  bitter  plant,  indige- 
nous in  Chili.  Jt  possesses  the  virtues  of  the 
Chironece.  Given  in  infusion — f?j,  to  water 
Oj.) 

CHIRONI'UM,  from  *eigwi',  'bad,  malig- 
nant.' An  ulcer  difficult  of  cure: — of  a  swollen, 
hard,  and  callous  nature. —  Galen.  Some  have 
supposed  the  word  to  come  from  Chiron,  the 
Centaur;  who  was  unable  to  cure  such  ulcers. 

CHIRONOMIA,  Cheironomia. 

CHIROP'ODIST,  (F.)  Pedicure.  One  who 
treats  diseases  of  the  hands  and  feet,  or  rather 
whose  profession  it  is  to  remove  corns  and  bun- 
yons,  from  %a»,  'the  hand,'  and  nws,  'the 
foot.' 

CHIRORRHEUMA,  Chirrheuma. 

CHIROSIS.  Snbactio. 

CHIROTHE'CA,  from  Xnc,  '  the  hand,'  and 
dr^tj,  'a  sheath.'  A  bandage  for  the  hand;  a 
kind  of  bandage  in  which  the  fingers  and  hand 
are  enveloped  in  spiral  turns.  When  the  whole 
hand  and  fingers  are  covered,  it  is  called  the 
double  or  complete  Cbirotbcca,  Cb.  cumple'la, 
Vinctu'ra  omnibus  dig"itis;  and  when  only  a 
finger  is  covered,  the  half  or  incomplete,  Ch. 
incomple'ta,  Vinctu'ra  pro  una  dig"ito.  See 
Guntelct . 

CHIROTRI'BIA,  from  xi,q,  'the  hand,'  and 
tqi(3u),  'I  rub.'  Friction  with  the  hand.  Ac- 
cording to  others,  dexterity  in  an  art. — Hippo- 
crates, Galen. 


CHIRRHEUMA 


liil 


CHOCOLATE 


CHIRRIIEU'MA,    Chirorrheu'nta,  Rheuma- 

tis'mus  manus, i'rom  -/no,  'the  hand,'  and  qeuu*, 
'  flux.1  Rheumatism  of  the  hand. 
CHIRURGEON,  Surgeon. 
CHIRURGIA,  Surgery — c.  Anaplaslica, 
Morioplastice — c.  Curtorum,  Morioplastice — c 
Infusoria,  Infusion  ofmedicines — c.  Transfuso- 
ria,  Transfusion. 

CHIRURGICUS,  Surgical. 
CHIRURG1E,   Surgery— c.    Militaire,  Sur- 
gery, military. 

CHIRLRGIEJY,    Surgeon  — c.     Consultant, 
consulting  Surgeon — c   Hernieux.see  Hernial. 
CHIRURGiqUE,  Surgical. 
CHIRURGUS,  Surgeon. 
CH1ST.     An  Arabic   word   which   signifies 
the  sixth  part.     The  sixth  part  of  the   Congius 
or  gallon. 

CHITON,  Tunic. 
CH1TONISCUS,  Indusium. 
CH1UM  VINUM.     From  Chios,  the  island 
where  it  was   produced;  Chian  wine,  used   by 
the  physicians  of  antiquity  in  cases  of  deflux- 
ions  and  ophthalmias. — Scribonius  Largus. 

CHU'AROS,  %Xiao(is,  'tepid.'  A  name 
given  to  slight  levers,  in  which  the  heat  is  not 
great. — Galen. 

CHLIAS'A]  A,  /Xiunuu,same  etymon.  A  tepid 
and  moist  fomentation. — Hippocr. 

CHLOAS'MA,  Pityriasis  versicolor,  itphk- 
tide  scorbutique,  MaduLa  licpat'ica,  P annus  hepat'- 
icus,  (b\)  Tuclics  hipatiques,  Chakurs  du  foie, 
Liver  spot,  from  %Xaos,  •  a  greenish-yellow  co- 
lour.' A  cutaneous  affection,  characterized  by 
one  or  more  broad  irregular-shaped  patches,  of 
a  yellow  or  yellowish-brown  colour,  and  occur- 
ring most  frequently  on  the  front  of  the  necK, 
breast,  abdomen,  groins,  &c.  The  patches  do 
not  generally  rise  above  the  surface.  There  is 
usually  some  degree  of  itching. 

The  causes  are  not  very  evident.  Sulphur 
externally — in  any  and  every  form — generally 
removes  it  speedily.  Should  there  be  difficulty, 
the  external  use  of  the  remedy  by  baths  or  fu- 
migations may  succeed. 
CHLORA,  Chlorine. 

CHLORAS  KALICUS  DEPURATUS,  Po- 
tassffi  murias  hvperoxygenatus. 
CI1LORASMA.  Chlorosis. 
CHLORETUM  CALCARLE,  Calcis  chlo- 
ridum. 
CHLORJASIS,  Chlorosis, 
CHLORINE,  from  xXwQog,  'green.'  Chlo'- 
rinum,  Chloru,  Oxymuriat'ic  Jlcid  Gas,  Oxyge- 
nated. Muriatic  Acid  Gas,  Depklogisticated  Ma- 
rine Acid .  Hal'ogene,  Mu'rigene,  Cldorum.  So 
far  as  we  know,  this  is  an  elementary  substance!. 
Jt  is  a  greenish,  yellow  gas,  of  a  strong  suffo- 
cating smell,  and  disagreeable  taste;  incapable  of 
maintaining  combustion  and  respiration,  and 
very  soluble  in  water.  One  of  its  character- 
istics is,  that  of  destroying,  almost  immediately, 
all  vegetable  and  animal  colours.  It  is  em- 
ployed in  fumigations  as  a  powerful  disinfect- 
ing agent.  A  very  dilute  solution  ha3  been  ad- 
ministered internally,  in  certain  cases  of  diar- 
rhoea and  chronic  dysentery.  Inversion  of  the 
hands  and  arms  in  it  has  often  removed  itch 
and  other  cutaneous  affections.  It  lias  also 
been  inhaled  in  a  dilute  state  in  the  early  stage 
of  phthisis,  but  it  is  of  doubtful  efficacy,  and  is 
better  adapted  for  chronic  bronchitis. 

CHLO'ROFORM,  Perchloride  of  Formyl,  so 


called  on  account  of  its  connexion  with  formic 
acid,  is  a  colourless  oleaginous  liquid,  of  a 
sweetish  ethereal  odour,  hot,  aromatic,  and  pe- 
culiar taste,  and  of  the  specific  gravity  1.480.  It 
may  be  obtained  by  distilling  from  a  mixture 
of  chlorinated  lime  and  alcohol, —  rectifying 
the  product  by  re-distillation,  first  from  a  great 
excess  of  chlorinated  lime,  and  afterwards  from 
strong  sulphuric  acid.  It  has  been  used  with 
advantage  in  asthma,  and  in  diseases  in  which 
a  grateful  soothing  agent  is  required.  Dose 
f.  ^j,  diluted  with  water. 

CHLOROPHYLLE,  Fecula,  green. 

CHLORO'SIS,  from  yXo>no?,  '  green,'  Pafli- 
dus  Morbus,  Fadus  Vir'  ginmn  color,  Pal'iidvs 
color  virgin' 'eus ,  hterW'ia  alba,  h'lerus  a  thus, 
Moibus  virgin' i us,  Morbus  Parthenius,  Dyspep'- 
siachhro'sis,  Febris  amato'ria,  Cachexfia  vu'gi- 
num,  Fehris  vir'ginum.,  Ftbris  alba,  Aatpitkym'iii 
clilon/sis,  Green-sickness,  Chlaras'ma,  CAlori'asis, 
Citto'sis.  (F.)  i.  Morose,  Pahs  couleurs.  A  dis- 
ease which  affects  young  females,  more  particu- 
larly those  who  have  not  menstruated.  It  is 
chaiacterized  by  a  pale,  lurid  complexion,  lan- 
guor, listlessness,  depraved  appetite  and  diges- 
tion, palpitation,  &c.  The  disease  generally 
goes  off  on  the  occurrence  of  the  menstrual  flux; 
but  sometimes  it  is  long  before  this  is  estab- 
lished, and  at  limes,  the  catamenia  are  in  much 
larger  quantities  than  usual.  To  this  last  form 
M.  Trousseau  has  given  the  name  Morose  heiuor- 
rfiogique. 

The  blood  of  chlorosis  is  generally  thin,  light- 
coloured,  and  deficient  in.  red  corpuscles;  and 
the  clot,  is  in  less  proportion  to  the  serum  than 
in  health.  On  auscultation,  a  bellows'  sound 
has  been  almost  invariably  detected  over  the 
heart,  and  a  continuous  blowing  sound  in  the 
larger  arteries,  (especially  the  carotids  and  sub- 
clavians  )  re-enforced  by  each  systole  of  the 
ventricle,  and  resembling  the  buzzing  of  a  hum- 
ming-top, the  cooing  of  doves,  the  «  hislling  of 
air  through  a  key-hole,  &c  ,  (!See  Bruit.)  Very 
similar  sounds  are  heard  in  the  arteries  after 
copious  hemorrhage  :  they  seem,  therefore,  to 
coincide  with  enfeebled  circulation.       , 

Tonics — as  iron — are  usually  required  in  the 
treatment:  the  disease  most  commonly  occur- 
ring in  those  in  whom  there  is  considerable 
torpor  of  the  system. 

Chlorosis  Amatoria,  Hectic  fever. 

CHLOROT'IC,  Chlorot'itus,  (F.)  Cldoroiiquc. 
Affected  with  chlorosis,  or  pertaining  to  chloro- 
sis ; — as  chlorotic  female,  chlorotic  symptoms,  &c. 

CHLORUM,  Chlorine. 

CHLOIWRE  DOR,  Gold,  Muriate  of. 

CHLORURETUM  OXIDI  CALCI1,  Calcis 
chloridum. 

CIIOA,  Chu. 

CHOA'CUM  EMPLAS'TRUM  NIGRUM. 
A  black  plaster,  mentioned  by  Celsus,  and  com- 
posed of  equal  parts  of  litharge  and  resin.  The 
litharge  was  first  boiled  in  oil. 

CHOAK,  Cynanche  trachealis — c.  Wolf,  Ly- 
canche. 

CHOANA,  Pelvis — c.  Cerebri,  Infundibulutn 
of  the  brain. 

CHOANE,  Infundibulum. 

CHOANORRHAG1A,  Epistaxis. 

CHOAVA,  Coffea  Arabica. 

C 1 1  OC'OLATE,  Chocola'tum,  Chocola'la,  Sue 
coin' to.  Dr.  Alston  says,  that  this  word  is  com- 
pounded of  two   East   Indian    words:  —  clioco, 


CHOCOLATE  ROOT 


1G2 


CHOLICELE 


'sound,'  and  atlc, '  water,'  because  of  the  noise 
made  in  its  preparation.  An  alimentary  paste 
prepared  from  the  kernels  of  the  Tlteobro'ma  cacao 
or  Cacao,  with  sugar,  and  often  aromatics.  (See 
Cacao.)  The  chocolate  thus  simply  prepared  — 
as  it  is  met  with,  indeed,  in  commerce — is  called 
in  France,  Ckocolat  de  sant6.  It  is  not  very 
easy  of  digestion. 

The  ckocolat  a  la  vanille  contains  three  ounces 
of  vanilla  and  l\vo  of  cinnamon  to  twenty  pounds 
of  common  chocolate.  The  addition  of  the  aro- 
matic renders  it  somewhat  more  digestible. 
Chocolates  may  likewise  be  medicated. 

CHOCOLATE  ROOT,  Geum  Virginianum. 

CHOCUS,  Chu. 

CHCENICIS.  Trepan. 

CHCENION,  Cord. 

CIICENOS,  Cord. 

CHCERUS,  Scrofula. 

CHOIROS.  Vulva. 

CHOLAGO,  Cholas. 

CHOL'AGOGUE,  Cholago'gus,  Chole'gon. 
from  y^i]i  '  bile,'  and  a.yo,  '  I  expel.'  The  an- 
cients gave  this  name  to  cathartics,  which  were 
reputed  to  cause  the  flow  of  bile. 

CHOLAS,  /oXa?,  Flur.  XoUSe?.  The  cavity 
of  the  hypochondres;  Cholago.  The  intestines. 
— Homer. 

CHOLASMA,  Cholosis. 

CHOLE  and  CHOLOS,  ZoXr„  and  xoXo<:> 
'bile,' (q.  v.)  in  composition. —  Hence: 

CHOLECYST,  Gall-bladder. 

CHOLEC YSTI'TIS,  Inflamma'lio  Vesi' esc  fell' - 
cse,  I.  cijslfidis  fell/ece,  Cysti't.is  fcllca  ;  from 
<%r.Xri,  'bile,'  and  x,v?tic,  'bladder.'  (F.)  Inflam- 
mation de  la  Vesicule  du  Ficl,  Cholecystilc.  In- 
flammation of  the  gall-blndder. 

CHOL'EDOCH,  Choled'ochus ;  from  ^oXn, 
'bile,'  and  8o%-jc,  'containing  or  receiving.' 
The  Ductus  clioledochus,  Ductus  communis  c.ko- 
ledochus,  (F.)  Conduit  ou  Canal  C/ioledoque,  is 
the  duct  formed  by  the  union  of  the  hepatic 
and  cystic  ducts,  which  pours  the  hepatic  and 
cystic  bile  into  the  duodenum. 

CHOLEDOC1T1S,  from  cho/edochus,  and 
ids;  a  suffix  denoting  inflammation.  Inflam- 
mation of  the  choledoeh  duct. 

CHOLEDOG'RAPHY,  Chokdogra'phia, from 
<X_tl>U  '  bile,'  and  y^uipttv,  '  to  describe.'  A  de- 
scription of  what  relates  to  the  bile. 

CHOLEDOL'OGY,  Choledolog"ia,  from  Xolr,, 
'bile,'  and  Xoy.g,  '  a  discourse.'  A  treatise  on 
the  bile. 

CHOLEGON,  Cholagorrue. 

CHOLEH^EMIA,  Icterus. 

CHOLEIA,  Claudication. 

CHOLELITFIIA  ICTERUS,  Icterus. 

CHOLELITHUS,  Calculi,  biliary. 

CHOLEN'CHYSIS.  from  %»h},  'bile,'  and 
ix<X_unis,  'effusion.'      Effusion  of  bile. 

CHOLEPYRA,  Fever,  bilious. 

CHOLEPYRRHIN,  see  Bile. 

CHOL'ERA,  Chol'era-morbus, Cholerrha'gia. 
Pas' s:o  dialer' ica,  Fellif'/ua  passio,  Morbus  fill  if - 
luus,  Hol'cra,  (F.)  Chol'eiamorbus  eporadlque. 
Ch.  Europe' en,  from  %_oXi], 'bile,'  andotu), '  I  flow.' 
According  to  others,  from  ^oA«i5f?,  '  intestines,' 
or  from  ^oXeqa,  '  the  gutter  of  a  house  to  carrv 
off  the  rain.'  A  disease  characterized  by  anx- 
iety, gripings,  spasms  in  the  legs  and  arms, 
and  by  vomiting  and  purging  (generally  bi- 
lious:) vomiting  and  purging  are,  indeed,  the 
essential  symptoms.    The  disease  is  most  com- 


mon in  hotclimales,— and  in  temperate  climates, 
during  summer.     In  India,  the  spasmod'ic cAoJ'j 

era,  Asiatic  cholera,  Malignant  ch.,  In'dian  chol- 
era, Epidem'icch.,  Pestikn'tialch.,  Choi' eric  Pest'- 
Hence,  Eastern  ch.,  Orien'tal  eh.,  Cholera  orien- 
talis,  Ch.  In'dica,  Ch.  Epidem'ica,  Ganglionitis 
pcriphcr'ica  et  medulla' r is,  Cholcrrhm'a  lymph. 
atica,  Psorente'ria;  Typhoid  Fever  of  India, 
Cholera  asphyxia,  Trisplanch'nia,  Morbus  oryzc- 
us,  Rice  disease,  (because  supposed  by  Tytler  to 
be  caused  by  damaged  rice,)  (F.)  Mort  de  Chien, 
is  frightful  in  the  rapidity  of  its  progress,  the 
patient  sometimes  dying  in  a  few  hours  from 
the  first  onset.  In  temperate  climates,  com- 
mon cholera  is  not  usually  a  disease  of  much 
consequence.  It  requires,  that  the  stomach  and 
bowels  should  be  cleared,  and  afterwards  the 
irritation  be  allayed  by  full  doses  of  opium.  In 
the  malignant  cholera  of  India,  bleeding  at  the 
outset,  without  regard  to  the  signs  of  apparent 
depression,  and  large  doses  of  calomel,  with 
opiates,  form  the  great  reliance  of  the  prac- 
titioner. 

CHOLliRM-EUROPtiEJY,  see  Cholera. 

Cholera  Infan'tum,  Choi' eric  Fever  of  In- 
fants; Cholera  of  Infants.  A  disease  so  termed 
by  American  physicians.  It  occurs,  generally, 
in  the  middle  states  of  the  Union,  in  June  or 
July,  and  continues  during  the  hot  weather, 
hence  called  the  'summer  complaint.'  The" 
chief  symptoms  are  vomiting,  purging  of  green 
or  yellow  matter,  slime  or  blood,  attended  with 
pain  or  uneasiness;  and  swelling  of  the  abdo- 
men, with  some  pyrexia,  generally.  The  heat 
of  the  weatherseems  to  be  the  predisposing,if  not 
the  exciting,  cause.  It  is  a  fatal  disease  in  towns; 
differing  little,  if  at  all,  from  what  is  vulgarly 
called  the  Watery  Gripes  in  England.  Clearing, 
gently,  the  alimentary  canal,  so  as  to  remove 
the  offending  matter,  and  then  exhibiting  chalk 
mixture  and  laudanum,  with  counter-irritants, 
as  sinapisms  to  the  abdomen,  is  the  most  satis- 
factory plan  of  treatment. 

Cholera  Morbus,  Cholera — c.  Morbus  Spo- 
radique,  see  Cholera — c.  Sicca,  Tympanites. 

CHOLERAPHOBIA,  Choleromania. 

CHOL'ERIC,  Cholcr'icus.  Belonging  to  cho- 
lera morbus  or  to  the  bile.  The  French  use  the 
term  Fievrc  cholerique  for  the  fever  accompa- 
nying cholera. 

Choleric  Fever,  of  Infants,  Cholera  in- 
fantum. 

Choleric  Temperament  is  the  same  as  Bi- 
lious Temperament. 

CHOL'ERIiNE.  A  diminutive  of  cholera. 
The  fiist  stage  of  epidemic  cholera;  also,  the 
precursory  symptoms  of  cholera. 

CHOLE  ROM  A' JN1  A,  Cholerapho'bia,  from 
cholera  and  mania.  A  dread  of  cholera  to  such 
an  extent  that  the  individual  fancies  himself 
affected  or  threatened  by  it. 

CHOLERRHAGIA,  Cholera. 

CHOLERRHCEA  LYMPHATIC  A,  Cholera. 

CHOLESTEATINE,  Cholesterin. 

CHOL/ESTERIN,  C  H  O  L'ESTERIN  E, 
CHOLESTERI'NA,  CkolesteaiinS,  Cho/rstea- 
tine,  from  ^oli},  'bile,'  and  orfocog,  'solid,'  or 
nrsao,  '  suet.'  An  inodorous,  insipid  substance, 
in  white,  shining  scales;  fusible  and  crystal- 
lizing, on  cooling,  in  radiated  fibres.  Soluble 
in  alcohol.  It  forms  the  crystalline  part  of  cer- 
tain biliary  calculi.     See  Adipocire. 

CHOLlCE'LE,  from  %oX>h  'bile,'  and  iojAjj, 


CI10LICYST1ECTASIE 


163 


CHORION 


'tumour.'    A  swelling,  formed  by  the  bile  mor- 
bidly accumulated  in  the  gall-bladder. 

CHOLICYSTIECTASIE,  Turgescentia  ve- 
sicsb  fcl  1p<c. 

CHOLICYSTITE,  Cholecystitis. 
CHOLOLITHUS.     See  Calculi,  biliary. 
CHOLO'MA,  from  /o>Zo;,  'lame,  maimed.' 
Distortion  of  a  limb:  incapacity  of  moving  it. 
Also,  the  act  of  limping,  claudication,  (q.  v.) 
CHOLOS,  Bile,  Chole. 

CHOLO'SES,  from  XoX,h  'bile.'  M.  Alibert 
includes, under  this  head, every  morbid  affection 
of  the  liver  and  spleen. 

CHOLO'SIS,  from  /u>;.oc,  '  lame.'  Clw'lolcs, 
Cholas'ma,  Clavdku'tion.  (q.  v.)  Hippocrates 
employs  this  word  particularly  for  a  lameness 
of  the  hand,  which  renders  a  person  one-handed, 
inanchot,  (F.) 

CHOLOTES,  Cholosis. 

CHONDRI'TIS,  Inflamma'tio  Cartilag"inis ; 
from  yox^Qog, '  cartilage,'  and  itis, a  termination, 
denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  of  car- 
tilage. 

CHONDRODES,  Cartilaginous. 

CHONDROGENES'IA,  Chondrogcn' esis ; 
from  xovtioog,  'a  cartilage,'  and  yircaig,  'forma- 
tion.' Formation  of  cartilage.  A  morbid  con- 
version of  parts  into  cartilage. 

CHONDROGLOS'SUS,  from  XovSqo;,  'a 
cartilage,'  and  yXo>aaa,  'the  tongue.'  A  fasci- 
culus of  fleshy  fibres,  passing  from  the  lesser 
cornu  of  the  os  hyoides  to  the  tongue.  It  forms 
part  of  the  Hyoglossus. 

CHONDROG'RAPHY,  Chondrogra'phia, 
from  yovSooq,  'cartilage,'  and  yoayii,  'descrip- 
tion.'    A  description  of  cartilages. 

CHONDROID,  Chondroidts,  from  yorSqog, 
'cartilage,'  and  uSog,  'resemblance.'  Cartila- 
giniform.     Resembling  cartilage. 

CHONDROL'OGY,  Chondrolog"  ia,  from  Xov 
Sqoc,  '  a  cartilage,'  and  Xoyog,  '  a  discourse.'  A 
treatise  on  cartilages. 

CHONDRO'MA,  E72chond.ro' ma,  from  yov- 
doog,  'cartilage.'  A  cartilaginous  growth  pro- 
ceeding from  bones,  including  spina  ventosa, 
osteo- sarcoma,  &c,  of  many. 

CHONDRO-PHARYNGE'US,  from  XorSoog, 
*  a  cartilage,'  and  yuovy^,  'the  pharynx.'  Fi- 
bres of  the  muscular  coat  of  the  pharynx,  which 
arise  from  the  lesser  cornua  of  the  os  hyoides, 
and  form  part  of  the  Constrictor  medius.  See 
Constrictor  pharyngis. 

CHOJNDROS,  yordQo?,  'a  cartilage.'  (q.  v.) 
The  Xiphoid  curtilage,  (q.  v.)  in  particular. 

CHONDROSYNDES'MUS,  from  zovdott?,  «a 
cartilage,'  and  owStouog,  'a  ligament.'  Union 
of  bones,  by  means  of  fibro-carlilage. — Galen. 

CHONDROT'OMY,  Chondrotom'iu,  from 
yorSooc,  'a  caitilage,'  and  rifivtiv,  'to  cut.' 
Dissection  of  cartilages. 

CHONDRUS,  Alica,  Fucus  crispus — c.  Cris- 
pus,  Fucus  crispus — c.  Polymorphus,  Fucus 
crispus. 

CHOlNOS.  Infundibulum. 

CHOP1NE.  CHOPl'NO,  CHEOPPNA.  A 
measure,  which  contains  16  ounces.  A  pint 
measure. 

CHORA,  -/wna,  'region.'  Any  void  space. 
Also,  the  orbit  of  the  eye. 

CHORD,  TESTICULAR,  Spermatic  chord. 

CHORDA,  Corda.  A  string  of  an  instrument. 
It  has  several  meanings.  A  tendon. — the  intes- 
tines (Cliordx.)     Paracelsus   calls   the    genital 


organs  chordss.  Chorda  or  Funic'ulus  Tympani; 
a  branch  of  the  7th  pair  of  nerves,  according  to 
some,  but  rather  of  the  5th  pair,  which  passea 
through  the  tym pan  um,NerfTympanique — (Ch.) 
Corda  du  Tambour  011  du  Tympan.  Chorda! 
Willis'ii,  Trabecules  Willis'ii,  the  small  fibres 
which  cross  the  sinuses  of  the  dura  mater:  so 
called  from  their  first  describer,  Willis.  Chordas 
Tcndui'ex;  the  tendinous  and  cord-like  sub- 
stances which  connect  the  columnar  cornea:  of 
the  ventricles  of  the  heart  to  the  valves,  &.c. 

Chohda,  Intestine — c.  Veneris,  Chordee. 

CHOUDiE,  Chordee— c.  Ferrenii,  Chords, 
vocal. 

Chords  Longituijina'lks  Lancish.  Two 
or  three  longitudinal  elevations  and  lines  on 
the  upper  surface  of  the  corpus  callosurn. 

Choki>;e  Vocat.es,  Chords,  vocal. 

CHORDAP'SUS,  from  Xoq3ti, 'intestine,'  and 
unriir,  'to  tie.'  Jntussusceplio.  Constriction 
or  twisting  of  the  intestines. — Celsus.  The 
Colica  Ileus.     See  Enteritis  and  Ileus. 

CHORDEE'  or  CORDEE',  Chorda  Ven'eris, 
Chorda;,  Chorda' 'la  Gonori  hec'a.  A  painful  af- 
fection of  the  penis,  attending  gonorrhoea,  and 
happening  chiefly  at  night.  It  occurs  when 
the  violence  of  the  inflammation  is  such,  that 
the  urethra  cannot  expand  as  much  as  the  cor- 
pora cavernosa  during  erection,  and  conse- 
quently the  glans  seems  painfully  drawn  down- 
wards. The  application  of  cold  water  topically 
and  the  administration  of  opium  internally  pal- 
liate it. 

CHORE'A,  Chorea  Sancti  Viti,  Ch.  Sancti 
Modes'ti,  from  XoQna,  'a  dance.'  Sometimes 
called  Scelotyr'be,  Viti  Saltus,  Salta'tio  Sancti 
Viti,  Ballis' uius,  Convul'sio  habitua'lis,  Siph'ita 
pruva,  Syn'clonus  Chorea,  Myotyr'be,  Choreoma'- 
nia,  Orchestroma'nia,,  Epilepsia  Sa/tato'ria,  Mor- 
bus sahato'rius,  Hierano'  sis,  M.  gesticulato'rius, 
Scelotyrbe  tarantismus,  St.  Vitus,s  Dance,  be- 
cause the  movements  resemble  dancing.  (F  ) 
Choree,  Danse  de  Saint- Witt,  Danse  de  St. 
Guy.  The  characteristics  are: — irregular  and 
involuntary  motions  of  one  or  more  limbs,  and 
of  the  face  and  trunk.  It  is  a  disease,  which 
usually  occurs  before  puberty,  and  is  generally 
connected  with  torpor  of  the  system,  and  of  the 
digestive  system  in  particular.  Its  duration  is 
long,  but  it  is  usually  devoid  of  danger;  al- 
though frequently  but  little  under  the  control 
of  medicine.  The  spasms  do  not  continue 
during  sleep.  The  indications  of  treatment 
are: — to  strengthen  the  general  system,  and 
stimulate  the  intestinal  canal.  Purgatives,  once 
or  twice  a  week,  and  chalybeates,  with  appro- 
priate regimen,  will  fulfil  these. 

Ghoul  a,  Chkonic,  see  Tic, — c.  partial,  see 
Tic. 

CHORE'GIA,  from  Xooog,  'a  troop  of  dan- 
cers and  singers,'  and  uyu>,  '  1  lead.'  Hippo- 
crates uses  this  term  for  the  whole,  of  the  appa- 
ratus necessary  for  a  physician  or  surgeon. 

CHOREOMANIA.Choren. 

CHORIODEPTIS,  Chorioidei'tis,  Chorioidi- 
tis, Choroiditis,  from  XoQosidtjg,  '  the  choroid," 
and  itis.  Inflammation  of  the  choroid  coat  of 
the  eye. 

CHO'RION,  yoQior,  'skin,'  from  Xibqhv,  'to 
contain,"  'include.'  Camis'ia  Fcetus :  the  che- 
mise or  shirt  of  the  foetus  in  utero.  A  thin, 
transparent  membrane,  which   surrounds  the 


CHOROID 


1G4 


CHRY SOPHY LLUM  CAINITO 


fetus  in  ulero  on  ever}'  side.    It  is  exterior  to 
the  amnion. 

Chorion  also  means  tlie  true  skin.  See 
Cutis. 

Chorion  FunBosdm,  Deeidua — c.  reticula- 
tum,  Deeidua — c.  Shaggy,  Deeidua — c.  Spon- 
giosum, Deeidua — c.  Spongy,  Deeidua — c.  To- 
mentosum,  Deeidua. 

CHOROID,  Choroidals,  Clioroi'des,  from 
Xoqiov,  'the  chorion,'  and  stdog,  'shape,'  're- 
semblance.' Several  parts  are  so  called,  which 
resemble  the  chorion,  in  the  multitude  of  their 
vessels. 

Choroidea  Tunica,  vel  Membra'na,  or  sim- 
ply the  Choroid,  Ta'nica  vasculo'sa  Oc'uli,  1\ 
aciniform'is,  (F.)  Membrane  choroid  e,  Choroide. 
A  thin  membrane,  of  a  very  dark  colour,  which 
lines  the  sclerotica,  internally.  The  part  behind 
the  iris  is  called  Uoeu.  It  is  situate  between  the 
sclerotica  and  retina,  has  an  opening-,  posteri- 
orly, for  the  passage  of  the  optic  nerve;  and 
terminates,  anteriotly,  at  the  great  circumfe- 
rence of  the  iris,  where  it  is  continuous  with 
the  ciliary  processes.  According-  to  Ruysch,  the 
choroid  consists  of  two  layers,  to  the  innermost 
of  which  his  son  gave  the  name  Tunica  Ruysch- 
ia'na,  Membra'na  Ruyschia'na,  (F.)  Membrane 
Ruyschitnne.  The  internal  surface  of  the  mem- 
brane is  covered  with  a  dark  pigment,  called 
Pigmen'tum  nigrum,  JE'thiops  animal,  (F.)  En- 
duit  choro'idien.  Its  use  seems  to  be,  to  absorb 
the  rays  of  light  after  they  have  traversed  the 
retina. 

Choroi'des  Plexus,  Plexus  choroid eus,  Cho- 
roid Plexus.  Two  membranous  and  vascular 
duplicatures  of  the  pia  mater,  situate  in  the  la- 
teral ventricles.  They  are  fixed  to  the  Tela 
choroidea  by  one  edge,  and  are  loose  and  float- 
ing at  the  other. 

Choroidea  Tela,  (F.)  Toile  choro'idienne. 
A  kind  of  vasculo-mernbranous  prolongation  of 
the  pia  mater,  which  lines  the  lower  surface  of 
the  fornix,  united  with  the  corpus  callosum.  It 
is  stretched  above  the  third  ventricle,  and  co- 
vers the  posterior  commissure  and  corpora  qua- 
drigemina.  Anteriorly,  the  tela  choroidea  is 
continuous  with  the  plexus  choroides. 

CuoRoiDEiE  Ven.s,  Vense  Gule'ni,  (F.)  Veines 
choroidienncs.  Two  veins,  which  creep  along 
the  tela  choroidea;  and  into  which  almost  all 
those  of  the  lateral  ventricles,  of  the  upper  part 
of  the  cerebellum,  of  the  pineal  gland,  and  the 
corpora  quadrigemina  open.  The  Vena?  Galeni 
open  into  the  sinus  quarlus  or  fourth  sinus. 

CHORO'IDE,  CEINTURE  BLANCHE  BE 
LA,  Ciliary  ligament — c.  Commissure  de  la,  Ci- 
liary ligament. 

CHOROIDITIS,  Choriodeitis. 

CHOSES  COJYTRE  NATURE,  Res  contra 
naturam — c.  Katurelles,  Res  naturales — c.  non 
Naturelles,  Res  non  naturales. 

CllOU  CABUS,  Brassica  capitata— c.  Croule, 
Sauer  Kraut — c.  Fleur,  Brassica  Florida,  Cauli- 
flower excrescence — c.  Marin,  Convolvulus  sol- 
danella — c.  Navet,  Brassica  rapa — c.  Fomme, 
Brassica  capitata — c.  Polugcr,  Brassica — c.  Ro- 
quetta,  Brassica  eruca. 

CHRISIS,  zQiaig,  from  /niw,  'I  anoint.'  The 
action  of  anointing.     Inunction  (q.  v.) 

CHRISTI  MAN  US.  Troches,  prepared  from 
refined  sugar  boiled  in  rose-water,  with  or  with- 
out prepared  pearls. 

CHRISTOPHER,  HERB,  Aetata  spicata. 


CIIR1STOS,  yinnrog,  from  XQl0}>  '  '  anoint.' 
Any  medicine  applied  under  the  form  of  lini- 
ment or  ointment. 

CMIICEAS,  Scrofula. 

CHROMATOG'ENOUS;  from  jfocoua,  'co- 
lour,' and  ytTvuvt,  '  I  make.' 

Ciiuomatoc/'enous  Appara'tus.  A  particu- 
lar apparatus  for  producing  the  colouring  mat- 
ter of  the  skin,  composed  of  a  glandular  or  se- 
creting parenchyma,,  situate  a  little  below  the 
papilla?,  and  presenting  special  excretory  ducts, 
which  pour  out  the  colouring  matter  on  the 
surface  of  the  true  skin. — Breschet. 

CHROMATOMETABLFPSIA,  Achroma- 
topsia. 

CHROMATOPSEUDOPSIA,  Achromatopsia. 

CHROMOP'SIA,  Chromop'ia,  Chrup'sia,  Vi- 
sits coloraftus,  from  you^ia,  '  colour,'  and  otpig, 
'  vision.'  A  state  of  vision  in  which  a  coloured 
impression  is  made  on  the  retina.  Said  to  be 
occasionally  observed  in  jaundice. 

CHRON'AGUiNEA,  Menstruation. 

CHRONIC,  Chron'icus,  Chro'nius,  Pohjchro'- 
nius,  from  xoorog,  '  time.'     Of  long  duration. 

Chronic  Diseases,  Morbi  chron'iei,  (F.)  Ma.' 
ladies  Chronii/ucs,  Macronos'ia,  Macro' sia,,  are 
those  whose  duration  is  long,  or  whose  symp- 
toms proceed  slowly.  The  antithesis  to  chronic 
is  acute,  (q.  v.) 

CHRONO,  from  yqovog,  'time.'  A  prefix  to 
terms  denoting  inflammation  of  a  part,  to  show 
tliat  such  inflammation  is  chronic. — Piorry. 

CHRONO  HEPATITE,  Hepatitis,  chronic. 

CHRONO-NEPHRITE,  Nephritis  (chronic.) 

CHRUPSIA,  Chromopsia. 

CHRYSALEA,  Nitro-muriatic  acid. 

CHRYSANTHEMUM,  Calendula  officinalis. 

Chrysan'themum  Leucan'thkmum,  from 
XQvooc,  'gold,'  and  «»'3os,  'a  flower.'  The  Ox- 
eye  daisy,  Daisy,  Whitcwecd,  Guldens,  Maudlin- 
Wort,  Bcllis  major,  Buphthal'  mum  mujus,  Lea- 
can'themum  vu/ga're,  Bellidioides,  Consol'ida. 
media,  Oc'ulus  Bovis,  (F.)  Chrysantlieme,  Chry- 
sene,  Grande  Marguerite  des  pres.  The  flowers 
and  herb  are  slightly  acrid;  and  were  once 
used  in  pulmonary  diseases. 

Chrysanthemum  Parthenium,  Matricaria 
parthenium. 

CHRYSE,  from  /ovaog,  'gold.'  The  name 
of  a  yellow  plaster,  described  by  Paulus  of 
iEgina,  and  composed  of  thus,  alum,  lead,  co- 
lophany,  resin,  oil,  and  orpiment,  boiled  in 
vinegar. 

CIIRYSkJVE,  Chrysanthemum  leucanthe- 
imim. 

CHRYSIT18,  see  Plumbi  oxydum  semivi- 
treum. 

CHRYSOBALANUS  GALENI,  see  Myris- 
tica  moschata. 

CHRYSOCALIS.  Matricaria. 

CHRYSOCHALCOS,  Brass. 

CHRYSOCOLLA,  Borax. 

CHRYSOCOMA.  Millefolium. 

CHRYSOLACHANUxM,  Chenopodium  bo- 
nus Henricus. 

CHRYSOL'ITHUS,  Chrys'olite,  from  /Vcro:, 
'gold,'  and  Xi9uc,  'stone.'  A  precious  stone, of 
a  golden  colour,  regarded  by  the  ancients  as 
cardiac,  cephalic,  &c. 

CHRYSOMELIA,  see  Citrus  anrantium. 

CHRYSOPHYL'LUM  CAINITO, from  y^v 
oug,  '  gold,'  and  tpvMov,  '  a  leaf.'  Cuinito,  Side- 
rox'ylon,  Broad-leaved  Star-apple,    A  tree  of  the 


CHRYSOPUS 


1G5 


CHYM1STRY 


Antilles,  which  produces  one  of  the  best  fruits 
of  the  country.    There  are  several  varieties  of  it. 
CHRYSOPUS,  Cambogia. 
CHRYSOS.Gold. 

CHRYSOSPERMUM,  Sempervivum  tecto- 
rum. 

CHRYZA  FIBRAUREA,  Coptis. 
CHTHOJNOPHA'GIA,  Cachcx'ia  Africa'na, 
Mala'cia  Jifricano'rum,  Pica  Africaru/rum,  Dirt- 
eating,  (F.)  Mai  d' Estomac,  from  x&wr, '  earth,' 
and  (payot,  '  I  eat.'  A  disorder  of  the  nutritive 
functions  observed  amongst  the  negroes  of  the 
West  Indies,  in  which  there  is  an  irresistible 
desire  to  eat  earth.  It  is  accompanied  by  most 
of  the  signs  of  chlorosis. 

CHU,  Choa  or  Chus,  yag,  Chocits.  A  liquid 
measure  amongst  the  Greeks,  answering  to 
the  Cungius  of  the  Romans,  and  containing  six 
sextarii,  or  twelve  Attic  cotyls,  or  nine  pints. — 
Galen. 

CHURRUS.  The  resinous  juice  of  Can'- 
nabis  ln'dica,  which,  in  certain  seasons,  and  in 
warm  countries,  exudes  and  concretes  on  the 
leaves,  slender  stems  and  flowers.  In  it  reside 
the  narcotic  powers  of  Indian  Hemp.  See 
Gunjah. 

CHUTE,  Prolapsus— c.  du  Fondement,  Proc- 
tocele— c.  de  la  Matrice,  Procidentia  uteri — c.du 
Rectum,  Proctocele. 

CHYLAIRE,  Chylous. 
CHYLAR,  Chylous. 
CHYLAKION,  Chyle. 

CHYLE,  Cliylus,  Succus  nutrit"ius,  from 
^t/co,  'I  flow.'  The  word,  in  Hippocrates, 
means  Tisane  or  Decoction  of  Barley,  Chyla'- 
rion,  xvXa.oicv.  Galen  first  used  it  in  its  pre- 
sent sense; — i.  e.for  a  nutritive  fluid, extracted 
from  the  food  by  intestinal  absorption  ;  after  the 
food  has  been  subjected  to  the  action  of  the 
digestive  organs.  It  is  of  a  whitish  appear- 
ance; is  separated  from  the  chyme  in  the  duo- 
denum, and  the  rest  of  the  small  intestines  : 
and  is  absorbed  by  the  chyliferous  vessels, 
which  arise  at  the  mucous  surface  of  the  intes- 
tine. Along  these  it  passes  through  the  mesen- 
teric elands  to  the  thoracic  duct,  and  is  finally 
poured  into  the  left  subclavian.  Jt  is  com- 
posed, like  the  blood,  of  a  coagulable  part  and 
of  serum.  See  Chyme. 
CHYLEUX,  Chylous. 

CHYLIF'EROUS  VESSELS,  Vasa  Chylif- 
era,  Venae,  Index,  Vasa  lactea.  The  Lactea/s. 
(F.)  Vaisseaux  cliylifercs,  V.  Lact6s.  Vessels 
which  convey  the  chyle  from  the  intestines  to 
the  thoracic  duct. 

CHYLIFICA'TION,  Chylifica'tio,  Chylo'sis, 
Chylopoie'sis,  from  cliylus,  'chyle,'  and  facere, 
'to  make.'  Formation  of  chyle  by  the  diges- 
tive processes. 

CHYL1NE,  Cyclamen. 
CHYLISMA,  Extract.   < 
CHYLOCYSTIS.  Receptaculum  chyli. 
CHYLODOCHIUM,  Receptaculum  chyli. 
CHYLOG'RAPHY,from  Xv7lo<s,  'chyle,' and 
yncupi],  'a   description.'     A  description  of  the 
anatomy,  &c.  of  the  chyliferous  vessels,  &c. 
CHYLOPOIESIS,  Chylification. 
CHYLOPOIET'IC,  Chylopoiet'icus,  from  Xv- 
7.o:,  '  chyle,'  and  noieci),  'I  make.'     Any  thing 
connected  with  the  formation  of  chyle.    Chiefly 
applied  to  the  organs  immediately  concerned 
in  it;  as  the  stomach,  intestines,  omenta,  and 
mesentery.    Assistant  Chylopoittic: — those  vis- 


cera which  aid  in  the  formation  of  chyle,  as  the 
liver  and  pancreas. 

^  CHYLURRHCEA,  Cceliac  flux— c.  Pectoris, 
Chylothorax — c.  Renalis,  Chyluria — c.  Urina- 
lis,  Chyluria. 

CHVLOSIS,  Chylification. 

CHYLOSTAG'MA  DIAPHORET'ICUM 
MINDERE'RI.  A  compound  prepared  by  dis- 
tilling the  theriac  of  Andromachus,  the  mith- 
ridute  o/Damocrates,  and  other  alexipharmics, 
&c.  It  is  nearly  the  same  preparation  as  the 
Aqua  Theriaca!  lis  Bezoar'dica. 

CHYLOTHO'RAX,  Pleurorrhaz'a  chyh'sa, 
Chylorrha'a  Pec'toris,  Hydrotho'rax  chylo'sus; 
from  yvXos,  'chyle,'  and  $w(>a£,  'the  chest.' 
Effusion  of  chyle  into  the  chest,  owing  to  the 
rupture  of  a  chyliferous  vessel. 

CHYLOUS  or  CHYLAR,  Chylo'sus\e\  Chy- 
la'ris,  (F.)  Chyleux,  Chyiaire.  Relating  to  the 
chyle;  or  having  some  analogy  with  that  fluid. 

CHYLU'RIA,  Diabe'tes  lac'tea,  D.  chylo'sus, 
Gnlactu'ria,  Fluxus  cailiacus  per  Renes,  Pyu'ria 
lactea,  P.  Chy/o'sa,  Caliaca  vrinu'lis,  C.  rena'- 
lis,  Chylorrhop'a  urina'lis,  Ck.  rena.'lis,  from 
yyloq,  'chyle,'  and  ovqev,  '  urine.'  (F.)  Diabete 
chyleux.  A  discharge  of  milky  urine,  without 
any  apparent  lesion  of  the  kidneys  or  bladder. 

CHYLLS,  Chyle,  Decoction,  Succus. 

UHYME,  thymus,  yritoc,  'juice,' from  yvoj, 
'I  flow.'  A  kind  of  grayish  or  homogeneous 
pulp,  formed  by  the  food,  after  it  has  been  for 
some  time  in  the  stomach.  It  continues  in  the 
state  of  chyme  as  far  as  the  biliary  and  pan- 
creatic ducts,  which  open  into  the  duodenum; 
where  the  conversion  into  chyle  occurs,  which 
is  absorbed  by  the  chyliferous  vessels  : — the  ex- 
crementitious  portion  of  the  food  traversing  the 
large  intestine  to  be  evacuated  per  anum.  Cas- 
telli  asserts,  that  Chyme  and  Chyle  were  used 
in  an  inverse  sense,  by  the  ancients,  from  that 
accepted  at  present. 

CHY  MI,  Humours. 

CHYMIA,  Chymistry. 

CHYMIA'TER  or  CHIMIA'TER,  from  Xv 
ftia,  'chymistry,'  and  luriwg,  'a  physician.' 
lutro-ckymicus.     A  chemical  physician. 

CHYMIATRI'A  or  CHIMIATRI'A,  lotto- 
chymia,  Ars  Chymiatrica,  from  yvy.i*,  'chy- 
mistry,' and  utTQiia,  'cure.'  The  art  of  curing 
by  chemical  means. 

CHYM'ICALorCHEM'ICAL.  A  medicine 
formed  by  the  aid  of  chymistry,  in  contradis- 
tinction to  Galenical. 

CHYMICOPHANTA,  Chymist. 

CHYMICUS,  Chymist. 

CHYMIE,  Chvmistry. 

CHYMIFICA'TJON,  Chymifico'tio  from  xv' 
uoc,  'juice,'  and  facere,  'to  make.'  Formation 
o  f  c  h  y  in  e .     Chy  mo' sis. 

CHYM'IST  or  CUEM'IST,  Chymicophan'ta, 
Chym'icus,  (F.)  Cliimiste  ou  Chymiste.  One 
acquainted  with  chymistry.  In  Great  Britain 
it  has,  also,  the  signification  of  "one  who  sells 
chemicals." 

CHYMISTE.  Chymist. 

CHYM'ISTRY  or  CHEMISTRY,  Chymi'a, 
Chimi'a,  Chemeu'ticS,  Philosoph'ia  per  ignem, 
Spagyr'ia,  Pyfotech'nia,  Pyrosoph'ia,  Ars  hcr- 
met  ica,  Jircldmal gia,  Jlrs  mugo'rum,  Jlrs  separa- 
ta'ria,  Ars  svagir'ica;  from  yjuoc,  'juice,'  or 
from  Arab,  enema,  'a  secret,'  (F.)  Chimie  ou 
Chymie.  A  branch  of  the  natural  sciences, 
whose  object  is  to  investigate  the  principles  of 


CHYMOCHEZIA 


1GG 


CICUTARIA 


bodies; — to  examine  the  properties  enjoyed  by  | 
the  different  compounds,  produced  by  the  union  ' 
of  those  principles;  and  to  study  the  force  or 
power,  by  virtue  of  which  every  combination 
is  effected.     It  investigates  the  action  between 
the  integrant  molecules  or  atoms  of  bodies. 

Animal  Chym'islry,  Zooch'emy  or  Zooch'ymy, 
is  the  chymistry  of  substances,  afforded  by  the 
dead  or  living  animal  body.  This  branch  of 
chymistry  has  been  farther  subdivided  into 
physiological,  when  it  considers  the  changes 
produced  in  animal  substances  by  the  action  of 
life;  pathological,  when  it  regards  those  pro- 
duced by  organic  or  other  diseases.  Anthropo- 
thymy  is  the  chymistry  of  the  human  body. 
Chymistry  is  called  Therapni'tical  or  Pharma- 
ceutical, when  it  is  engaged  in  the  analysis  of 
simple  medicines;  in  improving  the  prescribing 
and  preparing  of  chemical  and  Galenical  me- 
dicines; in  the  means  of  preparing  them,  and 
detecting  adulterations,  &.c.  Hygieii'ic  Chyml- 
istry  is  that  which  is  applied  to  the  means  of 
rendering  habitations  healthy,  of  analyzing  the 
air  we  breathe,  preventing  the  occurrence  of 
disease,  pointing  out.  healthy  aliments,  and  ap- 
preciating the  influence  of  professions,  &c.  on 
the  health  of  man.  All  these  different  subdi- 
visions, with  vegetable  chymistry,  are,  at  limes, 
included  under  the  head  of  Medical  Chym'islry  : 
at  others,  the  term  comprehends  only  the  Ani- 
mal, Vegetable  and  Pharmaceutical  subdivisions. 

Vital  Chemistry,  Biochymi'a,  is  that  which 
is  executed  under  the  influence  of  vitality. 

A  knowledge  of  chymistry  is  of  great  impor- 
tance to  the  physician.  Many  of  the  functions 
are  of  a  chemical  nature:  many  diseases  re- 
quire a  chemical  mode  of  treatment;  and,  with- 
out an  acquaintance  with  it,  two  or  more  sub- 
stances might  be  given  in  combination,  which, 
by  forming  a  chemical  union,  might  give  rise 
to  other  compounds,  possessing  very  different 
virtues  from  the  components  taken  singly,  and 
thus  the  prescriber  be  disappointed  in  the  re- 
sults. 

CHYMOCHEZIA,  Cceliac  flux. 

CHYMORRI1CEA,  Cceliac  flux,  Lientery. 

CHYMOSIS,  Chymification. 

CHYTLEN,  RADIX.  A  cylindrical  root,  bit- 
ter and  inodorous,  brought  from  China.  It  is 
held  by  the  Chinese  to  be  stomachic. — Murray. 

CHYT'LON,  xvtXcv,  from  ;m>,  'I  pour  out.' 
A  liquid  formerly  used  for  rubbing  the  body 
after  bathing. 

CIBARIUM,  Aliment. 

CIBA'RIUS  PANIS,  'Coarse  bread.'  Bread 
made  of  second  flour. — Celsus. 

CIBA'TK).  TrophS,  TQupn.  The  taking  of 
food.  In  Pharmacy,  it  is  the  same  as  Incorpo- 
ration. 

CIBUS,  Aliment — c.  Albus,  Blancmancrer. 

CICATRICE,  Cicatrix. 

CICATRIC'ULA.  Diminutive  of  Cicatrix. 
A  small  cicatrix.  The  term  is,  also,  applied  to 
a  small  white  spot,  called  the  tread,  observable 
at  the  surface  of  a  fecundated  egg.  See  Mole- 
cule. 

CICATRISAN'TIA,  Epnlot'ica,  Synulot'ica, 
Apulot'ica,  Ulot'ica.  Remedies  formerly  consi- 
dered to  be  capable  of  producincr  cicatrization. 

CICA'TRIX,  Cxca'trix,  Ule,~0,tle,  from  ex- 
care,  '  to  conceal,'  because  it  conceals  the 
wound,  (F.)  Cicatrice.  The  union  of  parts, 
which  have   been  divided.     A  scar  or  forma- 


tion, of  a  reddish  colour,  afterwards  whitish, 
and  more  or  less  thick,  which  takes  place  at 
the  surface  of  wounds  or  ulcers  after  their  cure. 
A  cicatrix  may  vary  much  in  shape,  consis- 
tence, and  thickness.  The  cicatrix  of  a  bone 
is  c;il!ed  Callus.  Xvic"ious  cica'trix  (F.)  Ci- 
catrice vicieusc,  is  one  which  interferes  with  the 
action  of  the  parts  on  which  it  occurs.  The 
scars,  after  srnall-pox,  are  called  Pits  or  Pock- 
marks,  (F.)  Coutures  par  la  petite  v'erole. 

CICATRIZA'TION,  Cicutrisa'lio,  Epvlo'sis. 
The  process  by  which  a  cicatrix  is  formed. 
Every  tissue,  except  the  nails,  epidermis,  hair, 
and  enamel  is,  probably,  capable  of  cicatriza- 
tion. 

CICELY,  SWEET,  Chaerophyllum  odora- 
tum,  Scandix  odorata. 

C1CER  ARILTPNUM.  The  Cicer  plant. 
Erchin'lhus,  (F.)  Cicerole,  Pais  Chicke.  The 
seeds  are  ground  into  flour,  and  used  as  bread 
in  some  countries. 

CI'CERA  TAR'TARI.  Small  pills  of  tur- 
pentine and  cream  of  tartar — of  the  size  of  a 
vetch  or  cicer. 

CICERBITA,  Sonchus  oleraceus. 

CIC£ROLE,  Cicer  arietinum. 

CICHO'RIUMENDIV'IA.  The  systematic 
name  of  the  Endive,  Endiv'ia,  Eudc'va,  In'lu- 
bum,  In'tybum  (Antiq.),  Scariola,  In'tylius  hor- 
ten' sis,  (F.)  Chieoree  des  Jardins,  Scariole. 
Family,  Cichoraceas.  Sex.  Syst.  Syngenesia  Po- 
lygamia  asqualis.  It  is  a  common  pot  herb,  and 
is  eaten  as  salad. 

Cicho'iuum  In'tybus,  Scris,  In'tubum  errat'i- 
cum.  The  systematic  name  of  the  Wild  Sue'- 
cory,  Wild  Cich'ary,  Cich'orij,  Wild  Endive, 
Ambulei'a,  Hdiotro' pion,  Catanan'ce,  Cichorcum, 
(F.)  Chicorde  sauvage.  It  is  bitter,  and  was 
once  used  as  a  tonic.  The  root,  roasted  and 
ground,  is  often  used  instead  of,  or  mixed  with, 
coffee. 

CICHORY,  WILD,  Cichorium  intybus. 

C1CI,  Ricinis  communis. 

CICIJXDE'LA,  Lavi'pyris,  JVoctHucn,  Nitrd'- 
itla.  The  Glow-worm,  (F.)  Ver  luisant.  This 
insect  was  once  thought  anodjme  and  lithon- 
tiiptic. 

CICIS.  see  Quercus  infectoria. 

CICON'GIUS;  an  ancient  measure,  contain- 
ing 12  pints. 

CICUTA,  Conium  maculatum. 

Cicu'ta  Aquat'ica,  Cicu'la  viro'sa,  Cicuta'- 
ria  aquat'ica,  Water  Hemlock,  Cowbane,  (F.) 
Cigue  aquatique  ou  vireuse.  Family,  Umbelli- 
ferse.  ISex.  Syst.  Pentandria  Digynia.  A  vio- 
lent poison,  often  eaten  by  mistake  for  the 
Wild  Smallage,  Apiuin  Graveolcns.  It  produces 
tremors,  vertigo,  burning  at  the  stomach,  and 
all  the  symptoms  occasioned  by  the  Narcotico- 
Acrid  class  of  poisons. 

Cicu'ta  Macula'ta,  (F.)  Cigue  d  Amerique, 
American  water  hemlock,  American  Hemlock, 
Snakeweed,  Death  of  man,  Water  parsley,  Poison 
root,  Wild  hemlock,  Childre/i's  bane,  is  analogous 
in  botanical  character,  and  medical  properties 
to  the  European  species. 

Cicuta  Major,  Conium  maculatum — c.  Ma- 
jor fcetida,  Conium  maculatum — c.  Terrestris, 
Conium  maculatum — c.  Virosa,  Cicuta  aquatica 
— c.  Vulgaris,  Conium  maculatum. 

CICUTARIA,  Chaerophyllum  sylvestre — c. 
Aquatica,  Cicuta  aquatica,  Phellandrium  aqua- 
ticurn. 


CIDER 


167 


CIMICIB'UGA 


CIDER,  Poma'ceum,  (F.)  Cidrc.  This  word 
is  said  to  have  been,  formerly,  written  sidre, 
and  to  have  come  from  Sictra.  owsq*,  which 
signifies  any  kind  of  fermented  liquor  other 
than  wine.  It  is  made  from  the  juice  of  apples, 
and,  when  good,  is  a  wholesome  drink. 

CIDRE,  Cider. 

CIGNUS;  an  ancient  measure,  which  con- 
tained about  two  drachms. 

CIGUE  JJqUATlQUE,  Cicuta  aquatica— c. 
d'  Amerique,  Cicuta  maculata — r.  iCEau,  Phel- 
landriurn  aquaticum — c.  Grande,  Conium  ma- 
culatum — c.  Ordinaire,  Conium  maculatum — c. 
Felite,  iEthusa  cynapium  —  c.  Vireuse,  Cicuta 
aquatica. 

CILIA,  Blephar'ides.  The  eye/ashes.  The 
hairs  on  the  eyelids,  (F.)  Cils.  Their  use 
seems  to  be,  to  prevent  the  entrance  into  the 
eye  of  light  bodies  flying  in  the  atmosphere;  and 
to  diminish,  in  certain  cases,  the  intensity  of 
light.  Also,  the  tarsi.  Also,  a  peculiar  sort  of 
moving  organs,  resembling  small  hairs,  Cil'ia 
vibrato' ria,  (F.)CV/s  vibratils,  which  are  visible 
with  the  microscope  in  many  animals.  These 
organs  are  found  on  parts  of  the  body,  which 
are  habitually  in  contact  with  water,  or  other 
more  or  less  fluid  matters,  and  produce  motion 
in  these  fluids,  impelling  them  along  the  sur- 
face of  the  paits.  Cilia  have  been  found  to  ex- 
ist in  all  vertebrated  animals  except  fishes, 
having  been  discovered  on  the  respiratory  and 
uterine  mucous  membranes  of  mammalia,  birds, 
and  reptiles. 

The  terms  "vibratory  motion"  and  " ciliary 
motion"  have  been  used  to  express  the  appear- 
ance produced  by  the  moving  cilia;  and  it  is 
probable,  that  this  motion  is  concerned  in  the 
progression  of  fluids  along  the  membranes.  As 
yet,  the  motion  has  been  observed  only  in  the 
direction  of  the  outlets  of  canals. 

CfLMIRE,  Ciliary. 

CIL'IA  RY,  Cilia'ris.  Relating  to  the  eye- 
lashes, or  to  cilia,  (F.)  Ciliaire.  This  epithet 
has,  also,  been  applied  to  different  parts,  which 
enter  into  the  structure  of  the  eye;  from  the 
resemblance  between  some  of  them  {the  ciliary 
processes)  and  the  eyelashes. 

Ciliary  Ar'teries,  Arte' ria  cilia'rcs,  (F.) 
Arleres  ciliaircs.  These  are  furnished  by  the 
ophthalmic  artery.  They  are  distinguished  into 
1.  Short  or  posterior  (Art.  uveal es, — Chauss.) 
30  or  40  in  number,  which  are  distributed  to  the 
ciliary  processes.  2.  Long,  {Art.  Iriennes  of 
Chauss.,)  two  in  number,  which,  by  the  anas- 
tomoses of  their  branches,  form  two  arterial  cir- 
cles at  the  anterior  surface  of  the  iris:  and,  3. 
The  anterior,  Arte'ria  cilia'rcs  anterio' res  of 
Haller,  the  number  of  which  is  variable.  These 
pierrte  the  sclerotic  a  few  lines  from  its  union 
with  the  cornea;  and  are  principally  distributed 
to  the  iris. 

Cil'iary  Bodv,  Corpus  CUia're,  (F.)  Corps 
ciliaire.  A  ring  of  the  choroid  surrounding  the 
crystalline  in  the  manner  of  a  crown;  placed 
behind  the  iris  and  the  ciliary  circle.  It  resem- 
bles the  disk  of  a  radiated  flower,  and  is  formed 
by  the  union  of  the  ciliary  processes. 

Ciliary  Ligament,  or  C.  Circle,  Ligamen'- 
turn  cilia' re,  An'riulus  cilia'ris,  A.  cellulo'sus, 
Com'missure  of  the  Uvea,  Commissure  dc  la 
Chorolde, —  (Ch.,)  (F.)  Ligament  ou  Cercle 
ciliaire,  Cercle  de  la  Chorolde,  Ceinlure  blanche 
dt  la  Chordide.    A  species  of  grayish  ring,  of  a 


pulpy  consistence,  situate  between  the  choroid, 
iris,  and  sclerotica.  It  seems  to  be  nothing 
more  than  cellular  tissue.  The  internal  surface 
of  the  choroid  is  uniform,  until  it.  approaches 
within  ten  lines  and  a-half  of  the  edge  of  the 
cornea;  here  a  dentated  line  is  observed, termed 
ora  s errata.  The  outer  surface  presents  the 
an' n ultcs  al'bidus  seu  gangkform'is,  the  anterior 
edge  of  which  unites  to  the  inner  surface  of  the 
sclerotica  and  constitutes  the  ciliary  ligament. 

Cil'iary  or  Tarsal  Margin  of  the  eyelids; 
(F.)  Bord  allure,  the  edge  in  which  the  cilia  or 
eyelashes  are  situate. 

Cil'iary  Motion,  see  Cilia. 

Cil'iary  Muscle,  Mus'culvs  cilia'ris.  The 
part  of  the  orbiculaiis  palpebrarum  in  the  vi- 
cTnity  of  the  ciliary  margin. 

Ciliary  Nerves  {Ncrfs  Iricns, — Chauss) 
(F.)  Nerfs  ciliaires.  These  are  12  to  10  in  num- 
ber. They  arise  from  the  nasal  nerve,  and  par- 
ticularly from  the  anterior  part  of  the  ophthal- 
mic ganglion.  They  unite  in  two  fasciculi, 
which  pass  around  the  optic  nerve,  and  pierce 
the  sclerotica  near  the  entrance  of  lhat  nerve 
into  the  eye.  They  are  lost  in  the  ciliary  liga- 
ment. 

Cil'iary  Proc"esses,  Proccs'sus  cilia'rcs, 
Rad'ii  cilia'res,  Rayons  sous-iriejis — (Ch.,)  (F.) 
Proces  ciliaires.  Triangular  folds,  sixty  or  eighty 
in  number,  placed  at  the  side  of  each  other,  and 
radiating,  so  as  to  resemble  the  disk  of  a  radiated 
flower.  They  are  lodged  in  depressions  at  the 
anterior  part  of  the  vitreous  humour.  The  uses 
of  these  processes  are  not  known. 

Ciliary  Stride  are  numerous,  pale,  radiated 
stria?,  in  the  poslerior  portion  of  the  Corpus 
ciliare,  but  so  covered  by  the  Pigmtntum  nigrum 
as  not  to  be  distinctly  seen  till  the  paint  is  re- 
moved. The  ciliary  processes  are  formed  by 
these  strise. 

Ciliary  Veins,  (F.)  Veines  ciliaires,  follow 
nearly  the  same  course  as  the  arteries.  In  the 
choroid  they  are  so  tortuous,  that  they  have  re- 
ceived the  name  Vasa  vortico'sa.  They  open 
into  the  ophthalmic  vein. 

Ciliary  Zone,  Zo'nula  Cilia'ris  vel  Mem- 
bran'ula  Coro'nx  Cilia'ris.  Under  the  corpus 
ciliare,  the  capsule  of  the  vitreous  humour  sends 
off  an  external  lamina,  which  accompanies  the 
retina,  and  is  inserted,  with  it,  into  the  forepart 
of  the  capsule  of  the  lens,  a  little  before  its  an- 
terior edge.  This  is  the  Zonula  ciliaris  or 
Zonula  Zinnii.  It  is  of  a  striated  appearance 
and  circular  form,  and  assists  in  fixing  the  lens 
to  the  vitreous  humour. 

CfLLEMEJYT,  Nictation. 

CILLO.  A  name  given  by  some  authors  to 
those  whose  upper  eyelid  is  perpetually  tremu- 
lous;— a  trembling,  wiiich  in  some  cases  is  called 
Life's  blood.  "To  have  life's  blood  in  the  eye," 
in  other  words,  is  to  have  this  affection.  Vogel 
calls  it  Cillo'sis. 

CILLOSIS,  Cillo. 

CILS.  Cilia— c.  Vibratils,  see  Cilia. 

CIMEX,  Koris,  koqic,  Cimez  leclula'rhis.  The 
Wall  or  House  or  Bed  Bug  or  Qhinche.  (F  ) 
Punnise.  Six  or  seven  of  these,  given  inter- 
nally, are  said  to  have  prevented  acue  !  There 
is  scarcely  any  thing  which  is  sufficiently  dis- 
gusting, that  has  not  been  exhibited  for  this 
purpose,  and  with  more  or  less  success.  The 
bug  has  also  been  esteemed  emmenagogue. 

CIM1CIFUGA,  Ac  tea  racemosa. 


CIMOLIA  PURPURESCENS 


1C8 


CINERITIOUS 


CIYIO'LfA  PURPURES'CENS,  Terra  Sa- 
porta' ria,  Terra  Fullon'ica,  Fuller's  Earth.  A 
compact,  bolar  earth,  employed  in  the  arts. 
Used  at  times  as  a  cooling  application  to  in- 
flamed nipples.  &c. 

Cimo'lia  Terra,  Cimo'lia  alba,  Smectis, 
Smectris,  Cimo'hls;  from  Knivdoe,  an  island  in 
the  Cretan  Sea,  where  it  is  procured.  It  was 
formerly  used  as  an  astringent,  &c. — Scribo- 
nius  Largus,  Pliny.  Probably,  the  same  as  the 
last. 

C1NA   CINA,  Cinchona. 

CINABARIS,  Hydrargyri  sulphuretum  ru- 
brurn. 

CINABARIUM,  Hydrargyri  sulphuretum 
rubrum. 

CINARA  HORTENSIS,  Cynara  scolymus. 

CINCHO'NA.  So  called  from  the  Spanish 
Viceroy's  Lady,  the  Countess  de  Cinchon,  who 
was  cured  of  fever  by  it  at  Lima,  about  1038. 
(Jailed  also  Cortex  or  Fulvis  Jesuit' icus,  Jesuit' s 
Bark  or  Powder,  Cortex  Patruni,  because  it  was 
introduced  into  Europe  by  the  Jesuits;  and  also 
Fulvis  Comitis'sa  or  the  Countess's  Poicder,  and 
Cardinal  del  Lugo's  Powder,  Cortex  Cardina'lis 
de  Lugo,  because  he  introduced  it  at  Rome.  It 
is  the  pharmacopreial  name  of  several  kinds  of 
barks  from  various  species  of  the  Cinchona, 
from  the  western  coast  of  South  America.  Nat. 
Order,  CinchonaceEe.  Sex,  Syst.  Pentandria 
Monogynia.  Called,  also,  Cortex,  Bark,  Peru'- 
vian  Bark,  English  Remedy,  Cortex  China.,  Cor- 
tex Chime  Regius,  China,  Chinchi'na,  Palos  de 
Caltntura,  Kina  Kina,  (Dark  of  Barks,)  Kinki'- 
na,  Cina  Cina,  Quina  Quina,  Quinqui'na,  Mag- 
num, Dei  donum.     (F.)    Quinquina. 

Cincho'nje  Carib*'^  Cortex,  from  Exostef- 
ma  Caribsdum,  Caribxan  Bark;  the  Saint  Lucia 
Bark,  (F.)  Acorce  de  Saint  Lucie,  Quinquina 
Piton,  from  Exostoma  floribundum,  and  the 
Pitaya  Bark,  Quinquina  bicolor,  from  an  exos- 
tema  (?)  or  from  strychnos  pseudoquina  (?), 
are  useful  substitutes  for  the  cinchona  of  Peru. 
These  are  the  most  important  spurious  barks. 
They  contain  neither  quinia  nor  cinchonia. 

Cinchon/e  CoRniFo'i.ia;  Cortex,  Cortex  fla- 
ms, Cinchonas  officina'lis  cortex  flavus,  Yelloro 
Bark,  Calisaya  Bark.  (F.)  Quinquina  jaunc  ou 
haunt  royal,  Calasaya.  Odour  aromatic;  taste 
strong,  bitter,  astringent.  Not  rolled;  often 
without  the  epidermis,  which  is  very  thick  and 
inert:  light,  friable;  fracture  fibrous.  Active 
principle  Quinia. 

Cinchona  Lancifo'lije  Cortex,  Cortex 
Peruvia'nus,  Cortex  pal' lidns,  Cinchona,  ojjicma'- 
lis  cortex  cummu'nis,  Cinchona  pallida  — Pule 
Bark,  Loxa  Bark,  Crown  Bark.  (F.)  Quinqui- 
na gris  de.  Loxa,  Quinquina  Orange.  Jts  odour 
is  aromatic;  taste  pleasant,  bitter,  and  astrin- 
gent. The  pieces  are  rolled  in  double  or  single 
quills.  Epidermis  brown,  cracked;  fracture 
resinous.  Internally  of  a  cinnamon  colour.  Its 
active  principle  is  Cinchonia. 

Cinchon/e  Obf.onc.ifo'li/e  Cortf.x,  Cortex 
ruber,  Cinchona  officina'lis  cortex  ruber.  Red 
Bark,  (F.)  Quinquina  rouge.  Odour  and  taste 
the  same  as  the  pale,  but  more  intense:  in  large 
flat  pieces,  solid,  heavy,  dry:  fracture  short 
and  smooth;  of  a  deep  brownish-red  colour. 
Although  this  variety  of  bark  is  assigned  to  the 
Cinchona  oblongifolia  by  some,  it  would  seem, 
that  nothing  is  certainly  known  as  to  its  source. 
Active  principles,  Cinchonia  and  Quinia. 


The  last  three  are  the  only  officinal  varieties 
in  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States. 
There  are  many  other  varieties,  however,  which 
are  genuine  cinchona  barks,  and  yet  have  not 
been  considered  worthy  of  an  officinal  position. 
The  Edinburgh  Pharmacopoeia  admits,  indeed, 
Cinchona  cinerea,  Gray  bark,  Silver  bark,  or 
Huanucu  bark,  which  is  obtained  around  Hua- 
nuco  in  Peru,  and  belongs  to  the  class  of  pale 
barks.  Amongst  the  genuine  but  inferior  barks 
are  those  brought  from  the  northern  Atlantic 
ports  of  South  America,  which,  in  commerce, 
are  variously  called  Carthagena,  Maracaybo  and 
Santa  Martha  barks. 

Cinchona  Officinalis,  (Cortf.x  Flavcs,) 
Cinchona?  cordifolia?  cortex — c.  Pallida,  Cin- 
chonae  lancifolise  cortex — c.  of  Virginia,  Mag- 
nolia glauca. 

All  these  barks  are  bitter,  astringent,  tonic, 
and  eminently  febrifuge.  The  yellow  bark  is 
at  least  equal  to  any  of  the  others,  although  the 
red  contains  more  active  principle.  The  dis- 
covery of  their  active  principles  is  one  of  the 
most  important  gifts  of  modern  chymistry. 
Still,  in  pernicious  intermittents,  the  bark,  in 
substance,  is  often  demanded.  It  is  employed 
in  every  disease  in  which  there  is  deficient 
tone,  but  in  cases  where  the  stomach  is  much 
debilitated,  the  powder  had  better  be  avoided, 
in  consequence  of  the  woody  fibre,  which  might 
disagree.  Externally,  it  is  used  in  enemata, 
gargles,  &c,  and  in  gangrenous  ulcerations. 
When  it  excites  nausea,  an  aromatic  may  be 
added  to  it;  if  purging,  opium;  if  costiveness, 
rhubarb,  &c.     Dose,  sjss  to  gj  or  more. 

Essential  Salt  of  Bark,  as  it  is  called,  is 
an  extract  prepared,  by  macerating  the  bruised 
substance  of  bark  in  cold  water,  and  submitting 
the  infusion  to  a  very  slow  evaporation. 

CINCHONIA,  Cinchonine. 

CINCH'ONINE,  Cinchoni'na,  Cinchonin, 
Cinchonia.  The  active  principle  of  the  Cin- 
cho'na  lancifo'lia.  An  organic,  crystalline  al- 
kali; of  a  white  colour,  and  bitter,  slightly  as- 
tringent taste ;  very  soluble  in  alcohol  and 
ether,  but  almost  insoluble  in  water. 

Sulphate  of  Cinchonia,  which  is  formed  di- 
rectly from  cinchonia,  is  soluble  in  water  and 
alcohol.  The  action  of  the  sulphate  of  cincho- 
nia is  similar  to  that  of  the  sulphate  of  qui- 
nia; but  it  is  less  energetic,  and  consequently 
requires  to  be  given  in  a  stronger  dose. 

Cinchonine,  Tartrate  of,  see  Quinine,  tar- 
trate of. 

C1NCLVNULUS.  A  little  lock  or  curl  of 
hair. 

CINCIN'NUS.  A  curled  or  frizzled  lock. 
The  hair  on  the  temples. 

C1NCL1SIS,  xiyyJ.iaig,  Cinclis'mus,  xiyxAtf- 
ficc,  'agitation;  rapid  and  frequent  motion.' 
The  movement  of  the  thorax  in  dyspnoea. — Hip- 
pocr.  It  has  been  used,  also,  synonymously 
with  nictation,  (q.  v.) 

CINE'MA,  Cinc'sis,  from  www,  '1  move.' 
Motion. 

CINERARIA  MARITIMA,  Achaovan,  Abiat. 

CINERES  CLAVELLAT1,  see  Potash-c. 
Gravellati,  see  Potash — c.  Russici,  Potash  of 
commerce. 

CINEREUS,  Cineritious. 

CINERP'TIOUS,  Cincr'e.us,  from  cinerts, 
'ashes;'  (F.)  Ctndri.    Of  the  colour  of  ashes, 


CINESIS 


169 


CIRCUMFLEX 


The  cortical  substance  of  the  brain  has,  by  some, 
been  so  colled.     See  Cortex  Cerebri. 

CINESIS,  Cinema,  Motion. 

CINETH'MICS,  from  kh«d,  :  I  move.'  The 
science  of  movements  in  general. 

CINET'ICA.     Same  etymon.     Diseases   af- 
fecting the  muscles,  and  characterized  by  irre- 
gular action  of  the  muscles  or  muscular  fibres, 
commonly  demominated  Spasm.     The  3d  order 
in  the  class  Neurotica  of  Good. 
CINETUS,  Diaphragm. 
CINGULARIA,  Lvcopodium. 
CIN'GULUM.  Zone,  from  cingo,  'I  bind.' 
(F.)   Ccinlure.     The  part  of  the   body,  situate 
below  the  ribs,  to  which  the  girdle  is  applied. 
The  waist. 

Cin'gulum  Hilda'ni,  Zo'nula  Hilda.' ni.  (F.) 
Ceinture  de,  Hildane.  A  leathern  girdle  former- 
ly used  for  the  reduction  of  luxations  and  frac- 
tures of  the  extremities. 

Cin'gulum  Mercuria'le,  C.  Sapien'tim,  C. 
Stulli'lix.  A  woollen  girdle,  containing  mer- 
curial ointment  It  was  used  as  an  antisyphi- 
litic,  and  in  diseases  of  the  skin.  (F.)  Ceinture 
de  vif  argent. 

Cin'gulum  Sancti  J" annis,  Artemisia  vulgaris. 

CINIS  FiECU.M,  see  Potash— c.  Infectonus, 
gee  Potash. 

CINNABARIS.Hydrargyrisulphurelum  ru- 
brum — c.  Grxcornm,  see  Calamus  rotang. 

CINNAMOMUM,  Lnurus  cinnamomum — c. 
Album,  Canellaalba — n.  Aromaticum,  see  Lau- 
rus  cinnamomum — c  Cnlilawan,  Laurus  Culi- 
lawan — c.  Indicum,  Laurus  cassia— c.  Mala 
baricum, Laurus  cassia — c.  Zeylanicum,  Laurus 
cinnamomum. 

CINNAMON,  see  Laurus  cinnamomum — c. 
Malabar,  Laurus  ea-sia — c.  Wild,  Laurus  cassia. 

CINON'OSI,  from  xiito),  'I  move,'  and  vg?u;. 
'  a  disease.'     Diseases  of  motion. 

CINOPLANE'SIS,  from  K..iB,  'I  move,'  and 
irltLrrpiq,  'a  wandering  about.'  Irregularity  of 
motion. 

CINQUF.FOIL,  Potentilla  reptans. 

CINZILLA,  Herpes  zoster. 

CION.  Uvula. 

CI'ONIS.  The  Uvula  (q.  v.)  Also,  tume- 
faction, or  elongation  of  the  uvula;  Staplujlo- 
diul'ijsis. 

CIONI'TIS,  from  wont,  'the  uvula,'  and  itis, 
'inflammation.'  Inflammation  of  the  uvula, 
uvuli'tis.  (q.  v.) 

CIPIPA,  see  Jatropha  manihot. 

CI  RC.E'A  LUTETIA'NA,  'Parisian  Circsta,' 
from  Circe,  the  enchantress;  Enchant.' ers'  Night- 
shade, (F.)  Hr.rbe  de  Saint  Etienne,  Herhe  aux 
Borders.  This  plant,  common  in  the  vicinity 
of  Paris,  was  formerly  considered  to  be  re- 
solvent and  vulnerary  It  was  also  supposed 
to  possess  wonderful  magical  and  enchanting 
properties. 

CIRCLE.  CILIARY,  Ciliary  ligament. 

CIRCOCELE.  Cirsocele. 

CIRCONCISION,  Circumcision. 

CIRCONFLEXE.  Circumflex  us. 

CIRCONSCRIT.  Circumscribed. 

CIRCONVOLVTION,  Convolution. 

CIRCUIT,  Ciicuitus;  in  pathological  lan- 
guage, gpneially  means  'period,'  'course.' 

CIRCUITUS,  Period,  Circuit. 

CIR'CULAR,  Circula'ris,    from  circulus,  'a 
circle.'     (F.)  Circutaire.     Having  the  form  or 
figure  of  a  circle;  as  Ciiculur  jJmputation,  &c. 
12 


The  French  use  the  expression  '•  Une  circu- 
hire,"  for  a  turn  of  a  bandage  around  any  part. 

CIRCULATION,  Circula'tio,  Cyclop h or1 ia, 
from  circulus,  'a  circle:'  or  rather,  from  circurn, 
'around,'  and  f err c,  latum,  'to  carry.'  (F.) 
Circulation.  Physiologists  give  this  name  to 
the  motion  of  the  blood  through  the  different 
vessels  of  the  body : — to  that  function,  by 
which  the  blood,  setting  out  from  the  left  ven- 
tricle of  the  heart,  is  distributed  to  every  part 
of  the  body  by  the  arteries; — proceeds  into  the 
veins,  returns  to  the  heart,  enters  the  right 
auricle,  and  passes  into  the  corresponding  ven- 
tricle, which  sends  it  into  the  pulmonary  artery 
to  be  distributed  to  the  lungs,  whence  it  issues 
by  the  pulmonary  veins,  and  passes  into  the 
left  auricle.  From  this  it  is  sent  into  the  left 
ventricle,  and  is  again  distributed  by  means  of 
the  arteries. 

Circulation,  Cap'illahy,  C.  des  Faren- 
chtjmes,  is  that  which  takes  place  in  the  capil- 
lary vessels;  and  which  is,  in  some  measure, 
independent  of  the  action  of  the  heart.  It  is 
in  this  capillary  circulation,  that  the  various 
secretions  are  effected;  and  that  animal  heat  is 
evolved.     It  is  the  seat  of  nutrition. 

Circulation,  Pulmon'ic  or  lesser,  is  the 
circle  from  the  right  to  the  left  side  of  the  heart 
by  the  lungs. — The  greater  or  systematic 
or  systemic,  is  that  through  the  rest  of  the 
system. 

CIRCULATOR,  Charlatan. 

CIR'CULUS.  A  circle  or  ring;  Cyclus,  Ci- 
rios,  (F.)  Cercle.  Any  part  of  the  body  which 
is  round  or  annular,  as  Cir'culus  Oc'uli — the 
"lobe,  bulb,  or  orb  of  the  eye. — Hippocr.,  Galen. 
It  is,  also,  applied  to  objects,  which  by  no 
means  form  a  circle, — as  to  the  Circle,  of  Willis, 
which  is  an  anastomotic  circle  at  the  base  of  the 
brain,  formed  by  tiie  carotid  and  basilary  arteries. 

Circulus  Antekio'sus  1'iudis.  The  artery 
which  runs  round  the  iris,  and  forms  a  circle. 

Circulus  Mkmrranosus,  Hymen. 

Circulus  Quad'ruplex;  a  kind  of  bandage 
used  by  the  ancienls. 

CIRCUMAGENTES,  Oblique  muscles  of  the 
eye. 

CIRCUMCAULALIS  MEMBRANA,  Con- 
junctiva. 

CIRCUMCISION.  Circvmri/io,  Postkct'amy, 
Prxcis'io,  Jlbscis'io  Prxpu'tii,  Circvmcisu'ra, 
Circum  sex' do,  Peril' ami,  fiom  circum.  'around,' 
and  cxdire,  'to  cut.'  (F.)  Circoncision.  A» 
ancient  operation,  performed  by  some  nations 
as  a  religious  ceremony.  It  consists  in  remov- 
ing, circularly,  a  portion  of  the  prepuce  of  in- 
fants:— a  custom,  which  was  probably  suggest- 
ed with  a  view  to  cleanliness.  In  cases  of  ex- 
traordinary length  of  prepuce,  or  when  affected 
with  disease,  the  operation  is,  sometimes,  under- 
taken by  surgeons.  A  similar  operation  is  per- 
formed amoncrst  the  ./Egyptians,  Arabians,  and 
Persians,  on  the  female,  by  removing  a  portion 
of  the  nymphs. 

CIRCUMC1SURA,  Circumcision. 

CIRCUMDUCTS,  Perisphalsis. 

CIRCUMDUCTIONS  OPIFEX,  Obliqum 
superior  oculi. 

CIRCUMFLEX,  Circumflex  vs,  from  circum, 
'around,'  and  ftexus,  'bent.'  (F  )  Circonflexe. 
Curved  circularly.  A  name  given  to  several 
organs. 

Circumflex   or   Articu'laii   Ar'teiues   of 


CIRCUMFLEX  ARTERIES,  &c. 


170 


CITRIC  ACID 


the  arm  are  distinguished  into; — anterior  and 
posterior.  They  arise  from  the  axillary,  and 
are  distributed  around  the  shoulder. 

Circumflex  Arteries  of  the  Thigh  are 
distinguished  into  external  and  internal  (A. 
Sous-trocfitmt6riennes—Gh  )  They  are  given 
off  from  the  Profunda,  and  surround  the  head 
of  the  thigh  bone. 

Circumflex  Muscle,  Circumflexus  Mus' cu- 
ius, Tensor  Palu'ti,  Peristuphyli'nus  exter'nus 
vel  infc'rior,  Circumflex' us  Pala'li.  Mollis,  Sphe- 
tw-satpin'go  staphyli'nus  seu  Staphyli'nus  exter'- 
nus, Mus', cuius  tubas  novae,  Pala'to-salpingeus, 
Pter' 'ygo-staphyli' nus ,  Petro-salpin' ' go-staphyli'  - 
nus,  Spheno-pter'ygo-palati'  nus,  (F.)  Paluto-sal- 
pingien.  A  muscle,  which  arises  from  the 
spinous  process  of  the  sphenoid  bone,  and  is 
inserted  into  the  velum  pendulum  palati.  Its 
use  is  to  stretch  the  velum. 

Circumflex  Veins  follow  the  arteries. 
C1RCUMFORANEUS,  Charlatan. 
CIRGUMFU'SA.  Halle  has  thus  desig- 
nated the  first  class  of  subjects  that  belong  to 
Hygiene  —  as  atmosphere,  climate,  residence, 
&c;  in  short,  every  thing  which  acts  constantly 
on  man  externally  and  generally. 

CIRCUMLIT"iO,  from  circumlino,  'I  anoint 
all  over,'  Peri'chrisis,  Peric/iris'ton.  A  term 
formerly  used  for  liniments,  but  especially  for 
those  applied  to  the  eyelids. 

CIRCUMOSSALE,  Periosteum. 
CIR'CUMSCRIBED,    Circumscrip'tus,    (F  ) 
Circonscrit.     A  term  applied,  in   Pathology,  to 
tumours,  which  are  distinct  at  their  base  from 
the  surroundino-  parts. 

CIRCUMSEGTIO,  Circumcision. 
C1RE  JAUJVE  ET  BLANCHE,  Cera  flava 
et  alba — r.  des  Oreilles,  Cerumen. 
CIRIOS,  Circulus. 
CIROJV,  Acarus,  Psora. 
C1RRAGRA,  Plica. 
C/RRHOSE  DU  FOIE,  Cirronosis. 
CIRRHO'SIS,  Cirrono'sis,  Kirrhono'sis, from 
xiqqoc,  'yellow.'     A  yellow  colouring  matter, 
sometimes  secreted   in  the  tissues,  owing  to  a 
morbid  process.     Also  called  Cirrko'sis  or  Kir- 
rho' sis.     It  is  not  uncommon  in  the  liver,  when 
it  is  called,  also,  gran'ulated,  gran'ular,  mam'- 
millaled,  tuber' culated,  and  hob-nailed  liver,  (F.) 
Cirrhose  du  Foie. 

Cirrhosis  of  the  Lung.  Dr.  Corrigan  has 
described  a  condition  of  the  lung  under  this 
name,  the  general  characters  of  which  have  a 
tendency  to  consolidation  or  contraction  of  the 
pulmonary  tissue,  with  dilatation  of  the  bron- 
chial tubes. 

CIR'SIUM  ARVEN'RE,  Car'duus  hemor- 
rho'ida'lis,  Ceano'lhos,  (F.)  Ckardon  hemor- 
rhoidal. A  common  plant  used  in  France  in 
the  form  of  cataplasm  in  hemorrhoids;  and 
worn  as  an  amulet. 

CIRSOCE'LE,  Cir'coce'ls,  from  *io<ro$t  'va- 
rix,' and  x>^>/,  'hernia.'  Var'icose  Her'nia.  The 
greater  part  of  authors  have  employed  the  term 
synonymously  with  Varicocele,  (q.  v  )  Pott 
gives  it  a  different  signification.  Varicocele, 
he  calls  the  tumour  formed  by  the  veins  of  the 
scrotum;  Circoctlc,  Funic' ulus  varico'sus,  the 
varicose  dilatation  of  th<»  spermatic  veins.  The 
scrotum  feels  as  if  it  contained  earthworms.  It 
is  commonly  an  affection  of  no  consequence, 
demanding  merely  the  use  of  a  suspensory 
bandage. 


CIRSOl'DES,  from  xiqooc,  'varix,'  and  tiSo?, 
'resemblance.'  Varicose,  or  resembling  a  va- 
rix. Rufus  of  Epbesus,  according  to  James, 
applies  this  term  to  the  upper  part  of  the  brain, 
as  well  as  to  the  spermatic  vessels.  (?) 

CIRSOM'PHALUS,  from  y.iqo-o?,  'varix,'  and 
ou<p*/i.og,  '  navel.'  Varicose  dilatation  of  the 
veins  surrounding  the  navel.  The  term,  has, 
likewise,  been  applied  to  the  aneurismal  dilata- 
tion of  the  arteries  of  that  region;  called  also, 
Varicomph' alus ,  (F.)  Hargne  anevrysmo.lt,  Aneu- 
rismal. Hernia 

CIRSOPHTHAL'MIA,  from  x^a-o?, 'varix,' 
and  oydcdfxos,  'the  eye;'  Varicose  ophthalmia, 
Ophthalmia  varico'sa,  Varicos'itas  conjuneti'vx. 
A  hio-h  degree  of  ophthalmia,  in  which  the 
vessels  of  the  conjunctiva  are  considerably  in- 
jected. 

CIRSOT'OMY,  Cirsotom'ia,  from  ijoo-os,  'a 
varix,'  and  rout],  'an  incision.'     Any  operation 
for  the  removal  of  varices  by  incision. 
CI  RSUS.  Varix. 
CISEAUX,  Scissors. 
CISSA,  Malacia. 
CISSAMPELOS,  Pareira  brava. 
CISSARUS,  Cistus  creticus. 
CISSI'NUM,  xio-a-irov,    from   xirroc,  'ivy.' 
Name  of  a  plaster  of  ivy,  used  in  wounds  of  the 
nerves  or  tendons. — Paulus  of  iEgina. 
CISSOIDES,  Capreolaris. 
CISSOS,  Hedera  helix. 
CISTERN,  LUMBAR,  see  Cisterna. 
CISTER'NA,from  *igT»;,  (L.)  C/sta,' a  chest.' 
(F.)    Citernt.     This   term   has  been  applied  to 
various  parts  of  the  body,  which  serve  as  reser- 
voirs for  different  fluids.     The  fourth  ventricle 
of  the  brain  has,  also,  been  so  called. — Aran- 
tius. 

Cistern,  Lumbar,  Cister'na  lumba'ris  or 
Res'ervoir  of  Pecquet,  consists  of  a  dilatation, 
which  the  thoracic  duct  presents  in  the  lumbar 
legion.  See  Receplaculum  chyli. 
CISTHORUS,  Cistus  creticus. 
CISTUS  CANADENSIS,  Helianthemum 
Canadense. 

CISTUS  CRETICUS,  Cis'thorus,  Cissarus, 
Doryrin'ium,  Gum  Cistus.  Sex.  Syst.  Polyan- 
dria  Monogynia.  The  systematic  name  of  the 
plant  whence  the  Lab'danum  or  Lad'anum  is 
obtained — Gum' mi  Lad'anum.  Lad'anum  is  a 
gum-resinous  substance,  of  a  very  agreeable 
smell,  found  in  the  shops  in  great  masses.  Its 
colour  is  blackish-green ;  taste,  warm  and  bitter. 
It  is  hut  little  used  now.  Formerly,  it  was  a 
component  of  warm  plasters,  and  was  prescribed 
internally  as  a  stomachic.  Ladanum  is  also 
obtained  from  Cistus  ladaniferus,  and  C.  lauri- 
fo'lius. 

CISTUS,  GUM.  Cistus  creticus. 
CITERNE    LOME, AIRE,    Receptaculum 
chvli. 

C1THARUS,  Thorax. 
CITRA GO,  Melissa. 
CITRARIA,  Melissa. 
CITREA  MALUS,  see  Citrus  medica. 
CITREOLUS,  Gucumis  sativus. 
CIT'RIC  ACID,  Acidum    cit'ricum,   Acid  of 
Lemons,    Ad'idum    Limo'num,    (F.)    Acide  cit- 
rique.     This  acid  is  found  in  the  lemon,  orange, 
Ac.     It  is  in  rhomboidal  prisms,  which  slightly 
effloresce  on  exposure  to  the  air.     It  dissolves 
in  a  twelfth  part  of  its  weight  of  boiling  water, 
and  has  an  extremely  acid  but  agreeable  taste. 


CITRON 


lTl 


CLAUDICATION 


It  is  employed  in  medicine  as  antiseptic,  refri- 
gerant and  diuretic.  Rubbed  up  with  sugar 
and  with  a  little  of  the  essence  of  lemon,  it 
forms  the  dry  Lemonade,  (F.)  Limonade  seche. 

CITRON,  see  Citrus  medica — c.  Tree,  see 
Citrus  medica. 

CITRONELLE,  Artemisia  abrotanum,  Me- 
lissa. 

CITRUL,  SICILIAN,  Cucurbita  citrullus. 

C1TRULLUS,  Cucurbita  citrullus. 

CITRUS,  see  Citrus  medica. 

Citrus  Auran'tjum.  The  systematic  name 
of  the  Orange  Tree,  Auran'tium,  A.  Hispalen'sS, 
Ma/us  Auran'tia  Major,  Mains  Auran'tia,  Au- 
ran'tium vulga're,  Mains  Auran'tia  vu/o-a'ris. 
Ci'trus  vulga'ris.  Nat.  Ord.  Aurantiacese.  Sex. 
Syst.  Polyrielphia  Icosandria.  The  fruit  are 
called  Mala  Aurea,  Ctirysome'lia,  Neran'lia, 
Martia'na  Poma,  Poma  Auran'tia,  Auran'tia 
Curassavica,  Oranges,  Poma  Chinen'sia.  The 
Flowers  of  the  Orange,  Flores  Naphse,  are  highly 
odoriferous,  and  used  as  a  perfume.  On  distil- 
lation, they  yield  a  small  quantity  of  essential 
oil — Oleum  vel  Essen' da  Nero'li.  They  were 
once  used  in  convulsive  and  epileptic  cases. 
The  leaves,  Fo'lia  Auran'tii,  have  a  bitterish 
taste,  and  furnish  an  essential  oil.  They  have 
been  used  for  the  same  purposes  as  the  flowers. 
The  yellow  rind  of  the  fruit,  Cortex  Auran'tii, 
Orange  Feel,  is  an  aromatic  bitter,  and  is  used 
in  dyspepsia,  and  where  that  class  of  remedies 
is  required.  The  Juice,  Succus  Auran'tii,  Orange 
juice,  is  a  grateful  acid,  and  used  as  a  beverage 
in  febrile  and  scorbutic  affections. 

Citrus  Mf.d'ica,  C.  Lima' num.  The  syste- 
matic name  of  the  Lemon  Tree.  The  Lemon, 
Limo'num  malum,  Limonum  Bacca,  Mains  Med'- 
ica,  Malus  Limo'nia  Ac"ida,  Limon,  Cit'rea  Ma- 
lus,  Citrus,  (F.)  Citron,  has  a  fragrant  odour, 
depending  upon  the  essential  oil,  O'teum  Limo'- 
jiis,  of  the  rind.  The  juice,  Succus  Limo'nis,  is 
sharp  but  gratefully  acid,  the  acidity  depending 
upon  the  citric  acid  it  contains.  The  outer  rind, 
Cortex  Limo'num,  Lemon  Peel,  Zest,  Flave'do 
Cor'ticum  Citri,  is  used  in  the  same  cases  as  the 
Cortex  Auran'tii.  The  juice  is  given  as  a  refri- 
gerant beverage  in  febrile  affections.  Alone, 
or  combined  with  wine.it  is  prescribed  in  scurvy, 
putrid  sore  throat,  &c.  Its  general  properties 
are  refrigerant  and  antiseptic.  Sweetened  and 
diluted,  it  forms  a  Lemonade.  ' 

Citron  Tree  is  likewise  considered  to  belong 
to  the  same  species — Citrus  Med'ica.  Its  fruit 
is  called  cedrome'la.  It  is  larger  and  less  suc- 
culent than  the  lemon.  Citron  juice,  when 
sweetened  with  sugar,  is  called  by  the  Italians 
Agro  di  Cedro. 

Citrus  Mf.lla  Rosa  of  De  Lamarck,  another 
variety  of  Citrus  Medica,  affords  the  Bergamote, 
(which  see.) 

Citrus  Vulgaris,  Citrus  Aurantium. 

ClTTA,Malacia. 

CITTARA,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
These  springs  are  in  the  Isle  of  Ischia,  near  the 
sea.  They  contain  carbonate  and  sulphate  of 
lime,  and  chloride  of  sodium.  Their  tempera- 
ture is  100°  Fahrenheit. 

CITTOS.  Hedera  helix. 

CITTOS1S,  Chlorosis,  Malacia. 

CIVET'TA,  Zib'ethum,  Civ'ct,  (F.)  Civctte. 
An  unctuous  perfume,  of  a  very  penetrating 
odour,  obtained  from  different  mammalia  of  the 
Yiccr'ra  kind,  particularly  from  the    Viver'ra 


civet'ta.  It  is  contained  in  a  fold  of  the  skin, 
situate  between  the  anus  and  the  organs  of  (fe- 
neration. b 

CLABBERGRASS,  Galium  verum. 

CLADISCOS,  Ramusculus. 

CLADONIA  ISLANDICA,  Lichen  islandicus. 

Clado'kia  Rangiferri'na.  The  ancients 
regarded  this  European  plant  as  pectoral  and 
stomachic.  It  enters  into  the  composition  of 
the  Poudre  de  Chypre. 

CLADOS,  Ramus. 

CLADRAS'TIS  TINCTO'RIA,  Virginia, 
Yellow  Ash,  Fustic  Tree,  Yellow  Locust.  An 
indigenous  tree,  which  flourishes  from  Ken- 
tucky to  Alabama.  The  bark  of  the  tree  and 
the  roots  is  cathartic. 

CLAIRET.  Claret. 

CLAIRVOYANCE,  (F.)  '  Clear-seeing.'  A 
clearness  of  sight,  said  to  be  communicated  by 
animal  magnetism,  which  not  only  enables  the 
magnetized  person  to  see  in  the  dark,  through 
stone  walls,  &c  ,  but  even  to  observe  prospects, 
whilst  he  fancies  he  is  flying  in  the  air,  which 
he  has  never  seen  previously.  It  need  hardly 
be  said,  that  the  possession  of  such  powers  is 
fabulous. 

CLAMMY  WEED,  Polanisea  graveolens. 

CLANGOR,  Paraphonia. 

CLAP,  Gonorrhoea  impura. 

CLAPIER,  (F.)  A  clapper,  Latih'ulum,  from 
hXitithv,  '  to  conceal.'  A  purulent  foyer  of 
disease;  concealed  in  the  flesh  or  under  the 
skin.     See  Sinus. 

CLAPWORT,  Orobanche  Americana. 

CLAR'ET,  (Vin  clair  [?])  Clare' turn,  Vin  de 
Bordeaux.  (F.)  Clairet.  A  pleasant  French 
wine,  which  may  be  used,  whenever  wine  is 
required.  Also,  a  wine  impregnated  with  spice 
and  sugar,  called  likewise  Vinum  Hippocrat'  ■ 
icum,OT  Potus  Hippocrat' icus ,  Hip'pocras,  Hyp' - 
pocras.  Schroder  speaks  of  a  Clare' turn  al'- 
tcrans,  and  a  C.  purgans. 

CLARETA,  Albumen  ovi. 

CLARETUM,  Claret. 

CLARIFICATION,  Clarifica'tw,  Depura'- 
tion,  from  clarus,  '  clear,'  and  facio,  '  I  make.' 
A  pharmaceutical  operation,  which  consists  in 
separating  from  a  liquid  every  insoluble  sub- 
stance held  in  suspension  by  it,  that  affects  its 
transparency.  Decanting  and  filtering  are  the 
operations  necessary  for  this  purpose. 

CLARY,  COMMON,  Salvia  scl'area. 

CLASIS,  Fracture. 

CLASMA,  Fracture. 

CLASS,  Clas'sis,  (F.)  Classe.  An  assem- 
blage of  a  certain  number  of  objects.  In  Natural 
History  and  in  Medicine,  a  class  is  a  group  of 
objects  or  individuals  having  one  or  more 
common  characters.  The  classes  are  divided 
into  orders,  the  orders  into  genera,  the  genera 
into  species,  and  these  last  into  varieties. 

C  L  A  S  S 1 F 1  C  A'T  ION,  Classified  Ho,  from 
classis,  'a  class,'  and  facio,  '1  make.'  The 
formation  of  classes.  A  methodical  distribution 
of  beings,  or  any  objects  whatever  into  classes, 
orders,  genera,  species,  and  varieties.  See  No- 
sography  and  Nosoloo-y. 

CLASSY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Classy  is  near  Laon  in  Picardy,  France.  The 
waters  are  chalybeate. 

CLAUDICATION,  Claudica'tio,  from  clan- 
dicare,  'to  be  lame.'  The  act  of  halting  or 
limping.    Lameness,  Clau'ditas,  Cholo'sis  (q.  v.) 


CLAUDITAS 


172 


CLIMACTERIC 


Chn'ei.'n,  Chahi'ma.  (F.)  Claudication,  B'Atemenl. 
This  condition  is  not  any  particular  disease, 
but  is  produced  by  different  causes  or  affec- 
tions. It  may  be  the  effect  of  the  shortening  or 
elongation  of  one  of  the  lower  limbs,  of  anchy- 
losis of'the  joints,  palsy  of  the  muscles,  pain,  &c. 

CLAUDITAS,  Claudication. 

CLAUSTRUM  GUTTURIS,  Isthmus  of  the 
fauces — c  Palati,  Velum  pendulum  palati — c. 
Virginitatis,  Hymen. 

CLAUStj'RA,  from  claudere,  'to  shut.'  An 
imperforation  of  any  canal  or  cavity. 

Clausu'ka  Uteri.  Preternatural  imperfora- 
tion of  the  uterus. 

CLAVA  MY03A,  Acorns  calamus. 

CLAVALIER  A  FEUILLES  DE  FllZ.XE, 
Xanthoxylum  clava  Herculis. 

CLAVA'RIA  CORALLOl'DES,  Coralloides 
Fungus,  Coralwoit.  Said  to  be  corroborant  and 
astringent.  A  kind  of  clavaria,  called  Digital 
lilanc,  Digital  humain,  Champignon  dcl'appui eil 
tics  fractures,  formed  of  dictations,  grouped  to- 
gether, and  two  or  three  inches  in  length,  is 
said  to  have  been  often  found,  formerly  at  the 
Hotel  Dieu  of  Paris,  on  the  splints  of  white 
wood  used  in  the  treatment  of  fractures,  in  au- 
tumn.—  H.  Cloquet. 

CLAVATIO.  Gomphosis. 

CLAVES  CALVARLE,  Wormiana  ossa. 

CLAVICLE,  Clavic'ula,  Claris,  Clavic'ulus, 
Liu'ula,  Fur'cula,  Os  Jug'uli,  Cleis,  Clei'dion, 
from  clari.s, '  a  key,'  (F  )  Clavirule.  Tin-  collar- 
bone. The  clavicle  is  shaped  like  the  letter  S, 
and  is  placed  transversely  at  the  upper  part  of 
the  thorax.  It  is  articulated,  at  one  extremity, 
with  the  sternum;  at  the  other  with  the  acro- 
mion process  of  the  scapula.  It  gives  attach 
ment,  above,  to  the  Stcrno-r.'eido-inastoideus ; 
below,  to  the  SubcUivius ,"  before.,  to  the  PerUun- 
lis  major  and  Dclloides;  and  behind,  to  the  Tra- 
pezius. It  serves  as  a  point  of  support  for  ihe 
muscles  of  the  arm,  and  protects  the  vessels 
and  nerves  passing  to  that  extremity. 

The  fibres,  connecting  the  lamellae  or  plates 
efbones,  have  also  been  called  Clavic'ulior  Nails. 

CM VICULE,  Clavicle. 

'CLAVTS,  Clavicle,  Key — c.  Anglica,  Key — 
<-,.  Secalinus,  Ergot — c.  Secalis.  Ergot. 

CLAVUS.  A  nail,  Helqs,  Oomphos,(F.)  Clou. 
This  word  is  employed  in  medicine  in  various 
arises.  It  means,  1.  A  Corn,  (q.  v.)  from  its  re- 
semblance to  the  head  of  a  nail.  2.  Certain 
condylomatous  excrescences  of  the  uterus.  3. 
A  callous  tumour,  which  forms  on  the  white 
of  the  eye.  and  resembles  a  nail,  the  C/avus 
■Oc'ali,  (F.)  Clou  dc  Fce.il.  This  last,  by  some, 
is  considered  to  be  synonymous  with  staphy- 
loma; by  others,  with  staphyloma  of  the  cornea. 
Also,  the  Penis. 

"Clavus  Hystericus,  Monopn'gia,  (F.)  Clou 
'hystfrique.  An  acute  pain,  confined  to  a  small 
point  of  the  head,  desciibed  by  the  sick  as  re- 
sembling that  which  would  be  produced  by  a 
nail  driven  into  the  head.  It  has  been  particu- 
larly noticed  in  hysterical  females,  hence  its 
name.  It  is  called  Ovum,  liysler'icum,  when  the 
pain  occupies  a  greater  extent. 

Ci.avus  Sii.igi.m9,  Ergot. 

CLEANSINGS.  Lochia. 

CLEAR-SEEING,  Clairvoyance. 

CLEAVAGE; from  Anglo-Saxon  cleoPan, ' to 
«plil.'  The  natural  line  of  separation  exhibited 
by  certain  substances,  as  minerals,  when  sub- 


jected to  mechanical  force.     Recently,  the  term 
has  been   applied    to   the   separation  of  muscles 
into  longitudinal  and  ciicular  striaj,  when  me- 
chanical violence  is  used. — Bowman. 
CLEAVERS,  Galium  aparjne'. 
Cleavers'  Bees,  Galium  aparine. 
CLEAVEWORT.  Galium  verum. 
CLEF  DU  CRAKE,  Wotmianum  os— c.  de 
Gurengtot,  Key — c.  aNoiz.  see  Key — c.  a  rieot, 
see  Key— c   a  Poaipe,  see  Key. 
CLElDAGRA,  Cleisagra. 
CLEIDION,  Clavicle. 
CLEIOOCOSTAL,  Costoclavicular. 
CLEl'DO  MASl'OIDEUri.     Albums    thus 
designates  the  posterior  portion  of  the  sterno- 
cleido-mastoideus,  (q.  v.)  which  he  considers  a 
separate  muscle.     It  has    been   corrupted  into 
chnu-masloideus. 

CLEIS.  Clavicle,  Key. 

CLEIS'AGRA,  Cieid'agra,  from  xitt?,  'the 
clavicle,'  and  ay?*,  'a  seizuie.'  Gout  in  the 
clavicle. —  A.  Pare. 

CLEMATIS  DAP  UN  OIL)  ES  MAJOR,  Vin- 
ca  minor. 

Clem'atis  Fhuict'  a.  Flam'  mula  Jovis,  Upright 
Virgin's  Bower,  (F.)  Clonal,  te  dro.le.  Family 
Ranunculaceae.  Sex.  Syst.  Polyandria  I'olygy- 
nia.  The  leaves  contain  an  acrid  principle. 
They  have  been  esteemed  anti-veneieal;  and, 
in  the  form  of  powder,  have  been  used  as 
escharotic. 

Cl  km  at  is  Vit-m/ba,  Vital' ba,  Vior'na,  Atru'- 
gene,  Traveller's  -lay,  Common  Virgin's  Bower, 
(F.J  Clematite,  llerbe  anx  gueux,  .lubnigne. 
It  lias  been  used  in  the  same  cases  as  the 
former.  In  infusion  it  has  been  applied  in 
cases  of  itch. 

The  leaves  of  Clematis  Cui9P.\— c.  Flam- 
mula,  or  sweet-scented  Virgin's  bower — c.  Vn;- 
gin'ica,  or  common  Virgin  s  bower — and  c.  Vior- 
na,  leather-flower,  have  similar  properties. 

CLEMATITE,  Clematis  vilalba— c.  Droite, 
Clematis  recta. 

CLEO'NIS  COLLYR'lUM.  A  coHyriutn 
described  by  Celsus,  composed  of  equal  parts  of 
Samian  earth,  myrrh,  and  thus,  mixed  with 
white  of  egg. 

Cleo'nis  Gluten.  An  astringent  formula 
of  myrrh,  frankincense,  and  white  of  egg. 

CLEP'SYDRA,  from  *AsTru>,  '  1  conceal,'  and 
'i,<?o'g,  'water.'  An  instrument  contrived  by 
Paracelsus  to  convey  fumigations  to  the  litems. 
CLEVES,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  This 
spring  is  a  quarter  of  a  league  from  Cleves  in 
Westphalia.  It  contains  carbonate  and  sul- 
phate of  iron. 

CL1FFVVEED,  Heuchera  cortusa. 
CLIFTON,  CLIMATE  OF.  The  vicinity  ot 
Clifton  and  of  Bristol,  England,  appears  to  be 
the  mildest  and  driest  climate  in  the  west  of 
England;  and,  consequently,  the  best  winter 
residence,  in  that  part  of  the  country,  for  inva- 
lids. It  is,  also,  a  favourable  summer  climate, 
and  is  surrounded  by  numerous  places  of  agree- 
able resort,  suited  for  those  who  may  pass  the 
season  there. 

CLIGJVEMEJVT,  Nictation. 
CLIGXOTEMENT,  Nictation. 
OLI MA,  Climate. 

CLIMACTERIC,  Cl'macter'icvscr  Climatrr'- 
icus,  from  xXi/uuxrtiQ,  'a  step,'  (F.)  Clirnaclctique 
ou  Ctimulcnque.    A  word,  which  properly  sig- 


CLIMACTERIC  YEARS 


173 


CLIMATE 


nifies,  by  degrees.     It  has  been  applied  to  cer- 
tain times  of  life,  regarded  to  be  critical. 

At  present  the  word  Climacteric  is  chiefly  ap- 
plied to  certain  periods  of  life,  at  which  great 
changes  occur,  independently  of  any  numerical 
estimate  of  years.  Such  are  the  period  of  pu- 
berty, in  both  sexes;  that  of  the  cessation  of  the 
menses  in  women,  &c. 

Climacteric  Yeaue.  Jlnni  Climacteric!,  are, 
according  to  some,  all  those  in  the  life  of  man, 
which  are  multiples  of  the  number  7,  Seijtcnni- 
ads.  Others  have  applied  the  term  to  years, 
resulting  from  the  multiplication  of  7  by  an  odd 
number.  Some  have  admitted  only  three  cli- 
macterics; others,  again,  have  exlended  them  to 
multiplesof  9.  Most,  however, have  considered 
the  03d  year  as  the  Grand  Climacteric; — (33 
being  the  product  of  the  multiplication  of  7  by 
9",  and  all  have  thought  that  the  period  of  three, 
seven,  or  nine,  which  they  respectively  adopted 
was  necessary  to  the  entire  renewal  of  the 
body;  so  that  there  was,  at  these  limes,  in  the 
economy,  none  of  the  parts  of  which  it  had 
previously  consisted.  The  climacteric  years, 
iiave  also  been  called,  (Anni)  hebdomad!  ici,  sea- 
la'res,  grada'iii,  sea  n'  sit  cs ,  genctliliaci,  nataW'di, 
futa'les,  cril'ici.  decretu'rii,  hero' ici,  SfC.  The 
whole  of  the  notions  on  the  subject  are  essen- 
tially allied  to  the  doctrine  of  numbers  of  Py- 
thagoras. 

CLIMATE,  Clima,  (F.)  Climnt.  Gr.  Khtpa, 
'a  region.'  In  geography,  the  word  climate  is 
applied  to  a  space  on  the  terrestrial  globe, 
comprised  between  two  circles  parallel  to  the 
equator,  and  arbitrarily  measured  according  to 
the  length  of  the  days  In  a  hygienic  point  of 
view,  we  understand  by  climate,  since  Hippo- 
crates,  a  country  or  region,  which  may  differ 
from  another  in  respect  to  season,  qualities  of 
the  soil,  heat  of  atmosphere,  &c.  Climate,  in- 
deed, embraces,  in  a  general  manner,  all  the 
physical  circumstances  belonging  to  each  re 
gion, — circumstances  which  exert  considerable 
influence  on  living  beings  The  dark  com- 
plexion e.  g.  of  the  inhabitants  of  the  torrid 
zone  is  easily  distinguishable  from  the  pale- 
ness of  those  of  the  frigid, — so  are  the  diseases. 
They  are  all  modified,  more  or  less,  by  climate 
or  locality.  Hot  climates  predispose  to  abdo 
minal  complications  in  febrile  affections,  cold 
climates  to  thoracic,  &c. 

One  of  the  most  important  considerations 
witli  regard  to  climates,  is  their  comparative 
fitness  for  the  residence  of  invalids,  and  espe 
cially  of  those  who  are  liable  to,  or  suffering 


under  catarrhal  or  consumptive  affections.  The 
great  object,  in  such  cases,  is  to  select  a  climate 
which  will  admit  of  regular  and  daily  exercise 
in  the  open  air,  so  that  the  invalid  may  derive 
every  advantage  which  this  form  of  revufcion 
is  capable  of  effecting.  To  an  inhabitant  of  the 
northern  and  middle  portions  of  the  United 
States — and  the  same  applies  to  Great  Britain. 
France,  and  the  northern  parts  of  the  old  world 
—  a  more  southern  climate  alone  affords  these 
advantages  in  an  eminent  degree.  During  the 
summer  months,  there  are  few,  if  any,  diseases, 
which  require  a  milder  climate  than  that  of  the 
United  Slates,  or  of  the  milder  districts  of  Eu- 
rope. The  temperature  of  the  winter  months 
is,  consequently,  the  most  important  object  of 
attention.  Equability  of  temperature  is  essen- 
tial, inasmuch  as  all  sudden  changes  interfere 
with  the  great  desideratum— exercisp  in  the 
open  air.  In  the  whole  continent  of  North 
America  the  changes  are  very  sudden  and  ex- 
tensive. It  is  not  uncommon  for  the  range  to 
be  40°,  between  two  successive  days.  So  far, 
therefore,  as  this  applies,  the  American  climate 
is  not  well  adapted  to  the  invalid.  In  the 
southern  portions,  however,  of  the  Union,  this 
objection  is  counterbalanced  by  many  advan- 
tages. 

The  following  Tables  exhibit  the  mean  tem- 
perature of  the  year,  and  of  the  different  sea- 
sous — with  the  mean  temperature  of  the  warm- 
est and  coldest  months  at  different  places  in 
America.  Europe,  Africa,  &c,  as  deduced  from 
the  excellent  paper  of  Von  Humboldt  on  Iso- 
thermal LinFs,  the  Meteorological  Registers 
kept  by  the  surgeons  of  the  United  States 
army,  the  work  of  Sir  James  Clark  on  Cli- 
mate, &c. 

The  subsequent  tables  show  the  mean  month- 
ly temperature,  maximum,  mini  mum,  a  nd  range, 
as  well  as  the  greatest  daily,  and  mean  daily 
range  during  the  corresponding  months — butof 
different  years— at  some  of  the  prominent  re- 
treats for  the  valetudinarian,  in  Gieat  Britain, 
on  the  continent  of  Europe,  and  in  the  African 
islands.  It  is  proper,  however,  to  remark,  that 
in  no  situations,  except  in  those  to  which  an 
asterisk  is  affixed,  was  the  register  thermometer 
used.  In  the  others,  the  observations  were 
made  during  the  day  only,  and  consequently 
the  numbers  given  are  far  below  the  real  range 
throughout  the  tweniy-four  hours.  The  places 
are  ranged  in  the  order  of  their  mean  tempera- 
ture. 


CLIMATE 


174 


CLIMATE 


1.  AMERICA 

&c. 

Mean  temperature  of  different 

Mean  te 

rnpcra- 

1 

t            Places. 

Lati- 

tempera- 
ture of 

seasons. 

lurt 

of 

tude. 

1 

wannest 

coldest 

years. 

W.nter. 

Spring. 

23°.60 

37  .89 

Summer 

ivtuynn. 

month. 

month. 

57°.08' 
4G  .3!) 

20°.42' 
41  .37 

0O.00 
14  .09 

48°.38 
61  .83 

33°.44 
43  .94 

5I°.80 
62  .87 

1  l°.20 
12  .05 

40  .47 
44  .54 
44  .40 

41  .74 

42  .44 
44  .50 

14  .18 
23  .44 

20  .82 

38  .04 
38  .58 
41   .40 

68  .00 
60  .54 
08  .70 

46  .04 
45  .43 
45  .18 

73  .40 
63  .52 
73  .07 

13  .81 
20  .91 
17  .95 

1  Fort  Crawibrd,  Miss 

43  .03 

45  .52 

23  .76 

43  .09 

09  .78 

46  .74   I  71   .34 

20  .14 

42  .21 

50  .36 

33  .98 

47  .66 

70  .70 

49  .82 

72  .80 

29  .84 

!  Council  Bluffs,  Miss 

4i   .25 

50  .82 

27  .38 

46  .38 

72  .84 

48  .60 

75  .92 

27  .19 

41   .30 
39  .50 

51   .02 
53  .42 

33  .82 
32  .18 

46  .87 
51  .44 

68  .70 
73  .94 

53  .83 
56  .48 

71  .46 
77  .00 

32  .14 
32  .72 

Philadelphia. 

40  .40 

53  .78 

29  .84 

51   .26 

79  .16 

54  .50 

80  .78 

25  .34 

;  Cincinnati, 

39  .06 

53  .78 

32  .90 

54  .14 

72  .86 

54  .86 

74  .30 

30  .20 

'  Monticello,  Va 

37  .58 

55  .40 

37  .67 

54  .67 

73  .33 

56  .50 

75  .00 

36  .00 

38  .53 

55  .56* 

36  .80 

53  .83 

75  .90 

56  .59 

79  .13 

34  .06 

34  .00 

58  .88 

53  .44 

64  .76 

80  .46 

68  .15 

82  .93 

50  .69 

32  .47 

60  .18 

51  .09 

66  .73 

80  .89 

67  .55 

82  .81 

49  .43 

;  Natchez. Miss 

31   .34 

64  .76 

48  .56 

65  .48 

79  .10 

00  .02 

79  .70 

46  .94 

30  .28 

68  .771 

55  .13 

69  .07 

82  .57 

0!)  .05 

83  .55 

53  .80 

St.  Augustine,  do 

29  .48 

72  .23 

59  .29 

71  .47 

82  .73 

75  .15 

83  .94 

56  .(JO 

27  .57 
19  .11 

72  -37. 
77  .72 

61  .24 
71   .96 

72  .93 

77  .90 

80  .14 

81  .50 

75  .28 
78  .62 

80  .72 

81  M 

58  .70 
71  .06 

Vera  Cruz, 

i  Havanna, 

i 

23  .10 
26  .40 

78  .08 

71  .24 

78  .98 

83  .30 

78  .98 

83  .84 

09  .98 

to 
27  .5 
13  .10 

78  .3 

79  .3} 

71. 

76  .7 

77. 
79. 

83. 

81. 

80. 
80. 

90. 

64. 

,  Barbadoes, 

10  .27 

81  .86 

80  .24 

83  .66 

82  .04 

80.  24 

84  -38 

79  .16 

*  St.  Louis,  Missouri,  Lat.  38 

°.  46'.    Mean  temperature  55J.  86.   New  Harmony,  Lat.  38°.  11'.   Mear 

tempera- 

Hire  56°.  74. 

t  New  Orleans,  Lat.  30°.     Mean  temperature  69°.  01.     Baton  Rouge,  Lat  30".  26'.  Mean  temperature  08°.  07. 

t  Jamaica,  coast,  Mean  temp 

erature  80J  6 

2    LUROPE,  AFRICA,  &c. 


Lati- 
tude. 


Geneva, . . . 

Gosport, 

Newport, Isle  of  Wight,. 

Sidmouth, 

Penzance, 

Undercliff, 

Hastings, 

Bute, 

Cove  of  Cork, 

Jersey, 

Paris,.,  i 

Pan, 

Sienna, 

Nantes, 

Bordeaux, 

Montpellier, 

Avignon, 

Florence 

Nice, 

Marseilles 

Toulon, 

Leghorn, ■ 


.11 


Mean 

Mean  temperature  of  different 

tempera- 

seasons. 

ture  of 
several 

years. 

Winter. 

Spring. 

Summer. 

Jlutumn. 

49°.93 

31°.70 

47 

.66 

04= 

.94 

50°.00 

50  .24* 

40  .44 

47 

.63 

62 

.00 

50  .83 

51  .00 

40  .31 

49 

.00 

63 

.09 

51   .03 

52  .10 

40  .43 

50 

.06 

63 

.83 

53  .50 

51  .80 

44  .03 

49 

.63 

60 

.70 

53  .36 

51  .11 

42  .14 

29 

.26 

60 

.28 

52  .76 

57  .00 

40  .11 

45 

.77 

60 

.45 

51  .00 

48  .25 

39  .62 

46 

.60 

58 

.02 

48  .59 

51  .58 

43  .90 

49 

.43 

61 

.26 

51  .73 

53  .06 

43  .82 

50 

.97 

62 

.84 

54  .63 

51  .08 

38  .06 

49 

.28 

64 

.58 

51   .44 

54  .95 

41  .79 

54 

.96 

67 

.41 

55  .64 

55  .60 

40  .50 

54 

.10 

70 

.80 

57  .10 

55  .621 

42  .23 

53 

.10 

70 

.73 

56  .41 

56  .48 

42  .08 

56 

.46 

70 

.88 

56  .30 

57  .00 

44  .20 

53 

.33 

71 

.30 

61   .30 

58  .20 

42  .60 

57 

.13 

74 

.00 

59  .00 

59  .00 

44  .30 

56 

.00 

74 

•00 

60  .70 

59  .48 

47  .82 

56 

.23 

72 

.26 

61   .63 

59  .51 ){ 

45  .50 

57 

.56 

72 

.50 

60  .08 

59  .90 

43  .30 

53 

.70 

74 

.30 

59  .00 

60  .00$ 

46  .30 

57 

.60 

74 

.10 

62  .00 

Mean  tempera- 
ture of 


wannest 
month. 


coldest 
mouth. 


66Q.56  34°.16 


65  .30  36  .14 


70  .52  '  39  .02 
73  .04  41  .00 


*  London,  Lat.  5P  .:iJ'.     MJ  in  tempsrature  50°  .38.     Environs  of  London,  Mean  temperature  48°  81. 

t  Lyons,  Mean  temperature  55g  76.     J  Perpiguan,  Mean  temperature  59  .54.      §  Nismes,  Mean  temp  60°.20 


CLIMATE 


175 


CLIMATE 


2.  EUROPE,  AFRICA,  &c.  Continued. 


Places. 


Genoa 

Pisa, 

Rome, 

Naples, 

St.  Michael's,  Azores, . 
Cadiz, 


44325' 
43  .43 
41  .53 
40  .54 
37  .47 
3G  .32 

Madeira,  Funchal, 32  .37 

Algiers, 30.48 

Canaries,  Santa  Cruz, ., .  2d  .28 

Cairo, 30  .02 


Lati- 
tude 


Mean 
tempera- 
ture of 
several 
years. 


600.37 
GO  .GO 
GO  .40 

61  .40 
G2  .40 

62  .88 

64  .5G 

69  .98 

70  .94 
72  .32 


Mean  temperature  of  difl'erent 
seasons. 


Winter.      Spring.     Summer,     rfutumn 


44°.57 
46  .03 
45  .86 
48  .50 

57  .83 
52  .90 

59  .50 
61  .52 
64  .65 

58  .46 


58°.60 
57  .20 

57  .74 

58  .50 

61  .17 

59  .53 

62  .20 
65  .66 

68  .87 
73  .58 


69  .33 
80  .24 

76  .68 
85  .10 


62°.94 
62  .80 
62  .78 

64  .50 
62  .33 

65  .35 

67  .23 
72  .50 
74  .17 
71  .42 


Mean  tempera- 
ture of 


warmest     coldest 
month,      month. 


77  .00 


82  .76 

85  .82 


42  .26 


60  .08 
56  .12 


Table  of  Mean  Temperature. 


Places. 

December. 

January. 

February- 

March . 

April. 

Sidinoulh, 

43  .  00 

36  .  30 

42  .00 

45  .  00 

51  .00 

Penzance, 

40  .  50 

43  .  00 

44  .50 

40  .50 

48  .  50 

Pan, 

41  .53 

38  .89 

44  .96 

46  .80 

55  .  79 

Montpellier, 

46  .00 

42  .  00 

45  .  00 

47  .00 

53  .  00 

Nice, 

48  .60 

45  .  85 

49  .00 

51  .45 

57  .00 

Rome 

49  .62 

47  .  65 

49  .45 

52  .  05 

5G  .  40 

Naples, 

50  .50 

46  .50 

48  .50 

52  .  00 

57  .00 

Madeira, 

60  .50 

59  .  50 

58  .  50 

61  .OG 

62  .  50 

Table  of  Daily  Range  of  Temperature. 


Places. 

December.   1      January. 

February. 

March. 

April. 

•C    to 

1 

>> 

fcjj 

'5  6 
eg 

g 

^  to 

2  £ 

a  '~ 

SO 

s 

2  S 

to 

>> 

^  to 

c  c 

CS   CS 
g 

>> 

■a  to 

i 

-  S 
«  *- 

93 

to 

Sidmouth, 
Penzance, 
Pau, 

Montpellier, 
Nice, 
Rome, 
Naples, 
|  Madeira,* 

3 
7 
9 
6 
9 
9 
11 

13 

13 

14 
15 
13 
14 

4 
7 
8 
8 

11 
9 

11 

13 

16 

IG 
16 
14 
17 

6 
9 
9 
9 
10 
11 
9 

12 

16 

18 
18 
19 
13 

8 
9 
14 
9 
12 
11 
10 

12 

17 

17 
19 
18 
14 

9 
8 
14 
11 
13 
14 
9 

13 

18 

18 
20 
20 
13 

Table  of  Maximum,  Minimum,  and  Range  of  Temperature. 


Places. 

December. 

Jc 

nuary. 

February. 

March 

April. 

g 

<D 

to 

a 

* 

s 

c 

a 

0 

a 

c 

a 

c 

£ 

c 

a 

26 
34 
35 
35 
41 
37 
38 
51 

6 

to 
c 
a 

30 
•2o 
30 
23 
24 
28 
31 
18 

s 

60 
62 
71 
64 
69 
74 
78 
72 

e 

'i 

31 
36 
43 
41 
46 
44 
43 
55 

V 

to 

e 

29 
20 
28 
23 
23 
30 
35 

"  1 

54 
56 
56 
57 
59 

25 
34 
25 
32 
40 
31 
34 
52 

29 
22 
31 
25 
19 
29 
27 
16 

47 
54 
56 

53 
58 
58 
58 
69 

21 

28 
21 
27 
27 
29 
•Jit 
50 

20 
26 
35 
2G 
31 
29 
29 

.9 

52 
55 

GO 
55 
58 
60 
60 
68 

27 
33 
35 
30 
37 
33 
31 
51 

25 
22 
25 
25 
21 
27 
29 
17 

56 

59 
05 
58 
65 
G5 
69 
69 

Montpellier,. . . . 

60 
61 

08 

CLIMATE  RIC 


176 


CLOVE 


In  the  United  States,  the  most  ftvonrable  re- 
gion for  the  phthisical  invalid  is  that  of  Florida, 
—  especially  of  Pensacola.  St.  Augustine  is 
frequently  chosen,  but  is  liable  to  north-east 
storms,  which  interfere  with  the  movements  of 
the  valetudinarian,  and  are  the  source  of  much 
discomfort.  Still,  great  benefit  has  often  been 
derived  from  it  as  a  winter  retreat.  Of  the 
Atlantic  Isles,  Madeira  appears  to  be  best 
adapted  for  the  consumptive,  and  those  affected 
with  chronic  bronchitis.  In  Italy,  Rome  and 
Pisa, — and  in  England, Torquay  and  Undercliff, 
are  to  be  preferred.  Chronic  rheumatism  and 
gout  are  benefited  by  a  warm  climate,  which, 
again,  is  unfavourable  to  those  who  are  predis- 
posed to  cerebral  diseases,  especially  to  diseases 
that  are  characterized  by  debility  and  mobility 
of  the  nervous  system — as  paralysis,  epilepsy, 
mania,  &c.  Hypochondriasis  and  dyspepsia 
require  rather  change  of  climate  and  travelling 
exercise  than  a  sojourn  in  any  one.  (See  the 
Author's  Human  Health,  Philad.  1844  ) 

For  the  mortality  of  different  countries  and 
cities,  see  Mortality. 

CLIMATER1C,  Climacteric. 

CLIMAT'IC,  Climai'icus.  Belonging  to,  or 
dependent  upon  climate. 

Climatic  Diseases,  Morbi  climat'ici,  are  such 
as  are  caused  by  climate. 

CLINE.  amb  'a  bed.'     Hence: 

CLINICAL,  Clirikus,  (F.)  Cliniquc.  Re- 
lating to  a  bed. 

Clinical  Lecture,  (F.)  Lc.con  Cliniquc.  One 
given  at  the  bed-side,  or  on  a  particular  case  or 
cases. 

Clinical  Medicine,  (F.)  M&dccinc  cliniquc. 
That  which  is  occupied  with  the  investigation 
of  diseases  at  the  bed-side,  or  individually. 

CLINIQUE,  Clinical,  (q.  v.)  Clinique,  in 
French,  is  also  occasionally  used  substantively, 
for  Ecole  Cliniq'ic,  or  Clinical  School ; — a  school 
in  which  medicine  is  taught  by  examining  dis- 
eases on  the  patients  themselves.  Thus,  the 
French  say, — La  Clinique.  de  la  Charlie;  "The 
Clinical  School,  of  the  Hospital  La  Chariti." 
The  term  has  been  introduced  into  this  country, 
and  is  occasionally  anglicised  Clinic. 

CL11N01D,  C/irto'i'des,  from  xXirtj,  'a  bed,' 
and  fiJoc, '  form.'     Resembling  a  bed. 

Clinoid  Proc"esses,  (F.)  Apophyses dindides, 
are  four  processes  at  the  upper  surface  of  the 
sphenoid  bone,  which  have  been  compared  to 
the  posts  of  a  bed.  On  them  the  pituitary 
gland  rests.  They  are  divided  into  anterior  and 
posterior.  Kach  of  the  anterior  terminates  in  a 
point  called  Transverse  Spinous  Process. 

CLINOFODIA,  Thymus  mastichina. 

CLINOPO'DIUM  VULGA'RK,  from  xhrV, 
'abed,'  and  nov$,  'foot,'  so  called  from  the 
shape  of  its  flowers  Wild  Basil.  (F.)  Grand 
Basilic  sauna  ge..  A  European  plant,  which  was 
formerly  considered  to  be  an  antidote  to  the 
bites  of  venomous  animals,  to  facilitate  labour, 
relieve  strangury,  stop  diarrhoea,  &c. 

CLIQUl^HS.  Crepitation. 

CLISKOM'ETER.fromW.fi.c,  'inclination,' 
and  utiQov,  'a  measure.'  An  instrument,  in- 
tended  to  measure  the  degree  of  inclination  of 
the  pelvis  and  to  determine  the  relation  be- 
tween the  axis  of  the  pelvis  and  that  of  the 
bodv — 0>iander.  Stein. 

CLITBUR,  Arctium  lappa. 


CLITORIDES  INFERIORES  LATI  ET 
PLANI  MUSCUL1,  Constrictorcs  cunni. 

CLITORIS,  from  xXijtwq,  'a  servant  who 
invites  guests. '(?)  Dulrj/do  Anions,  Venus,  Mar- 
ton,  (Estrum,  Penis  mul ic'bris,Mcnlul a  mulie'bris, 
Mcmbrum  mu/ic'bre,  Superla'bia,  Ccrco'sis,  (q. 
v.)  Crista.  A  small,  round  organ,  situate  at 
the  upper  part  of  the  vulva,  and  separated  by  a 
small  space  from  the  anterior  commissure  of 
the  labia.  Its  base  is  surrounded  by  a  slight 
fold,  similar  to  the  prepuce;  and  it  is,  internally, 
of  the  same  structure  as  the  corpora  cavernosa 
penis.  The  artery  of  the  clitoris,  (F.)  A.  Clitori- 
enne,  is  a  branch  of  the  internal  pudic.  The 
vein  communicates  with  the  internal  pudic, 
and  the  nerve,  with  the  pudic. 

CLIT'ORISM;  a  word,  inv&nted  to  express 
the  abuse  made  of  the  clitoris.  Also,  an  un- 
usually large  clitoiis,  Cercusis  externa. 

CL1TORIUM,  Vulva. 

CLOA'CA,  (F.)  Clonque,  from  xlvlw,  '1 
wash.'  The  pouch  at  the  extremity  of  the  in- 
testinal canal,  in  which  the  solid  and  liquid 
excretions  are  commingled  in  birds,  fish  and 
reptiles.  In  the  male  it  gives  exit  to  the  excre- 
ments, sperm  and  urine:  in  the  female,  to  the 
eggs,  (cecal  matters,  and  urine. 

CLOANX.Orpiment. 

CLOAQUE,  Cloaca. 

CLOCHE,  (F  )  A  popular  expression  in 
France  for  a  blister  or  other  vesicle. 

CLOISOJV, Septum — c  des Fossesnasales, Sep- 
tum nariuin — c.  Transpnrente,  Septum  lucidum. 

CLONIC,  Clon'icus,  from  xXovoc,  'agitation,' 
'motion,'  (F.)  Clonique.  Irregular  convulsive 
motions.  Convulsion  with  alternate  relaxa- 
tion; in  contradistinction  to  tonic,  which  sig- 
nifies a  constant  rigidity.  Clonus,  Clunici par- 
tiu'les. 

CLONICI  UNIVERSALES,  Synclonus. 

CLOjYIQUE.  Clonic. 

CLONISM,  Clonis'mus;  same  etymon.  Clo- 
nic spasm. —  Baomes. 

CLONO'DES,  from  x/l<;r;c.  'agitation,'  and 
t»(5ic,  'resemblance.'  Convulsive.  Galen  ap- 
plies this  term  to  the  pulse,  when  convulsive 
as  it  were,  and  unequal.  He  compares  the 
sensation  it  communicates  to  the  finder  to  that 
produced  by  a  bundle  of  sticks  or  rods  in  vi- 
bration. 

CLONOS  EPILEPSIA,  Epilepsy— c.  Hy- 
drophobia, Hydrophobia. 

CLONUS,  Synclonus — c.  Nictitafio,  Nicta- 
tion— c.  Palpitatio,  Palpitation — c.  Pandicula- 
tio,  Pandiculation — c.  Pandiculatio  maxillarum, 
Yawning — c.  Singultus,  Singultus — c  Sternu- 
t.itio,  Sneezing — c.  Subsultus,  Subsultus  ten- 
dinum. 

CLOPEMANIA    Klopemania. 

CLOPORTES  ORDLXAfllES,  Onisr-i  aselli. 

CLOT.  Consilium — c.  of  Blood,  see  Blood. 

CLOTBUR.  Xanthium. 

CLOTHING.  Vestitus. 

CLOTTY.  Grumo'sus,(F.)  Grwneleux.  Cora- 
posed  of  clots. 

CLOU,  Clavus,  Furunculus — c  Hijstiriqve, 
Clavus  hystericus — r.  de  f'fEil,  Clavus  oculi. 

CL'HJ'DBFRIUES.  Rubua  chamaninrtti. 

CLOUDBERRY  TREE,Ru bus  rhamiemorns. 

CLOVE, see  Eugenia  caryophvllata  — c.Bark, 
see  Myrlus  caryophyllata  — c.  Pink.  Dianthus 
c.uyophyllus— c.  July  flower,  Dianthus  cajyo- 
phyllus. 


CLUBFEET 


177 


COCCINELLA 


CLUBFEET,  Kyllosis. 

CLUBMOSS,  Lycopodium — c.  Fir,  Lycopo- 
dium  gelago— c.  Upright,  Lycopodium  selago. 

CLUiNES.  Nates. 

CLUNE'SIA.from  Climes,  'the  nates.'  Proc- 
talgia, Practi'tis.  An  inflammation  of  the  but- 
tocks.—  Vogel. 

CLUPEA  THRYSSA.  The  Yellow-hilled 
Sprat;  a  very  poisonous  fish  of  the  West  Indies. 

CLYDON,  Flatulence. 

CLYSMA,  Clyster — c.  Tonicum,  Enema  fec- 
tidtim. 

CLYSOIRE,  (F  )  An  apparatus  consisting 
of  a  long  funnel-shaped  tube  of  elastic  gum, 
furnished  wit  It  a  pipe  at  the  apex,  for  adminis- 
tering enemata. 

CLYSTER,  Clystc'rium,  Clysma,  Enc/ys'ma, 
Clysmvs,  En1 'ema,  (q.  v.)  from  xlvtetr,'  to  wash.' 
(F.)  Clysttre,  Lavement,  Reniede.  A  liquid, 
thrown  into  the  large  inlestines  by  means  of  a 
syringe,  or  bladder  and  pipe  properly  piepared, 
&c;  the  nozzle  of  the  syi  inge  or  pipe  being  in- 
troduced into  the  anus.     See  Enema. 

Clvster  Anodyne,  Enema  anodynum — c. 
Common,  Enema  commune — c.  Domestic,  Ene- 
ma commune — c.  Fetid,  Enema  fcelidum — c. 
Pipe,  Elasrna — c.  Purging,  Enema  catharticum 
— c.  Starch  and  opium,  Enema  anodynum — c. 
Tobacco,  Enema  tabaci— c.  Turpentine,  Enema 
terebinthina; — c    Uterinus,  Sparallium. 

CLYSTkRE,  Enema. 

CNEME,  Leg,  Tibia. 

CNEORON,  Daphne  ffnidinm. 

CNEORUM  TRICOC'CUM,  Almezefrion,  Ac- 
nes'tos,  Chumx'lea,  Widow  watt,  Spurge- Olive, 
(F.)  Camelec.  This  plant,  a  native  of  Southern 
Europe,  contains  a  very  irritating,  acrid  prin- 
ciple. The  ancients  employed  its  leaves  as  a 
powerful  purgative.  It  is  now  sometimes  used 
for  deterging  ulcers. 

CIS'ESIS,  Cuesmos.    A  painful  itching. — Ga- 

n. 

CNESMOS.  Cncsis,  Itching,  Prurigo. 

CNICEL^E'UM,  from  xnx-.q,  'carthamus,' 
and  eiatov,  '  oil.'  Oil  of  carthamus. — Dios- 
corides. 

CNICUS,  Carthamus  tinctorius — c.  Sylves- 
tris,  Centaurea  benedicta. 

CNIDEL/E'ON,  Cnidclx'vm,  from  xrtdeig, 
'  cnidia,'  and  tXaior,  'oil.'  Oil  made  from  the 
grana  cuidia  or  mezereon  berries. — Diosco- 
rides. 

C NIDI  A  GRANA,  Cnid'ii  Coed,  Coceo- 
gnid'ia,  JElo'lian,  Coccurn.  The  Berries  of  the 
Daphne  cnidium. —  Foesius. 

CNIDO'SIS.  A  pungent  itching,  compared 
to  that  produced  by  the  Urtica  urens  or  Nettle, 
(xrtdt,.) —  H  ippne. 

CNIP'OTES,  Pruri'tus.  Itching.  The  dry 
ophthalmia,  Xerophthalmia. 

CNISSA.    See  Nidoroua. 

CNISSOREG'MIA,  from  mis-™,  'the  smell 
of  burnt  tat,'  and  ontyw,  'I  put  forth.'  A  nido- 
rous  eructation. 

CNYMA.  xii  ut.  A  slight  itching.  Also,  a 
puncture  or  vellicr.tion. —  Galen. 

COACUM.  Phytolacca  decandra. 

COAGMENTATIO,  GmnplmMS. 

COAG'ULANTS,  Coin.ni/n//tfi/.  from  eongu- 
lare, —  itself  I  p  m  en  and  am  re,  •  t'>  act  together  ' 
Remedies,  or  poixons.  supposed  to  possess  the 
power  of  coujrulaliriij  the  blood,  or  to  give  con- 
sistency to  animal  fluids.     The  word,  and  the 


absurd  notions  connected  with  it,  are  equally 
abandoned. 

COAGULATION,  Coagula'tio,  Thromh/sis. 

The  conversion  of  a  liquid  into  a  more  or  less 
soft  and  tremulous  mass.  Many  animal  and 
vegetable  fluids  are  capable  of  coagulation. 

COAG'ULUM  Grumus,  (F.)  Caillot,  Gru- 
meou  ('  a  small  clot.')  A  soft  mass,  formed  in 
a  coairulable  liquid.  The  Clot  of  the  Blood  is 
particularly  so  called  — the  Cruor,  Insula,  PIu- 
ccn'ta,  lle.par  Sanguinis,  Crassamen'tum: — the 
red  mass,  composed  of  fibrin,  serum,  and  co- 
louring matter,  which  separates  when  the  blood 
is  left  to  itself.  See  Blood.  The  word  is  also 
applied,  in  Pathology,  to  the  sanguineous  con- 
cretions, which  form  in  different  natural  and 
accidental  cavities;  and  which,  when  they  oc- 
cur at  the  mouth  of  a  divided  artery,  some- 
times suspend  the  flow  of  blood.  This  is,  in- 
deed, one  of  the  means  by  which  hemorrhage  is 
arrested. 

Coag'ulum  Amj'minis,  Caag'ulum  Jilumino'- 
sum.  This  is  made  by  beating  the  white  of 
egg  with  a  little  alum,  until  a  coaoulum  is 
formed.  It  is  applied  in  cases  of  ophthalmia, 
where  an  astringent  is  necessary. 

COALES'CENCE,  Coalesced lia,  from  coa- 
lescere,  '  to  run  together,'  (from  cum,  '  with,' 
and  alere,  '  to  nourish, 'J  Sym'pbysis.  The  ad- 
hesion or  union  of  parts  previously  separated, 
as  in  case  of  wounds  and  preternatural  ad- 
hesions. 

COALITION.  The  same  etymon  as  coa- 
lescence. It  has  been  used  in  the  same  cases; 
as  well  as  to  express  the  action  of  several  parts 
of  the  frame,  which  have  the  same  nutrition. 

COALTER'N/E  FEBRES.  A  name  given 
to  two  intermittent:*,  which  attack  a  person  at 
the  same  time,  but  whose  paroxysms  are  dis- 
tinct: so  that  the  attack  of  one  supervenes 
when  the  other  has  ceased.  The  term  Double 
Intermittent  expresses  the  same  meaninir. 

COAPTATION,  Coaptu'tio,  from  cum,  'with,' 
and  apt/ire, '  to  adjust,'  '  adapt ;'  Pi//a<>o'ge.  The 
act  of  adapting  the  two  extremities  of  a  frac- 
tured bone  to  each  other;  or  of  restoring  a  lux- 
ated bone  to  its  [.lace.  Coaptation  must  be  ef- 
fected gently.  Usually, extension  and  counter- 
extension  are,  in  the  first  place,  necessary 

COARTICULATIO,  Diaithrosis,  Synarthro- 
sis 

COARCTATIO,  Stricture. 

COARCTATION,  Coarcta'tio,  from  courrtare, 
'to  straiten.'  Stricture.  Avicenna  speaks  of 
Coarctation  of  the  Pulse. 

COAT,   BUFFY.  C-rinm  phlogisticnm. 

COBALT.  PROTOXIDE  OF.  Smalt. 

COBHAM,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Cobham  is  seven  miles  from  Kingston,  in  Sur- 
rey, England.  The  waters  are  weak  saline 
purgatives. 

COBRA  DE  CAPELLO,  Crolalus  horridus. 

COBWEB.  Aranea;  tela. 

COCA^H.  Erigeron  Philadelphicnm. 

COCOA'RIl'M.     A  very  small  pill. 

COCCHIA.  Coehia. 

COCCI  GRANUM,  Kermes— c.  Orientales, 
see  Menispp rmuiii  c.occiilus. 

COCCI GIO-CUTAA'Jt  SPHINCTER, 
Sphincter  ani  exlernns. 

COCCINELLA.  Coccus  cacti. 

Coccinkl'i.a  Ski'tkmpunc ta'ta  Lady-hird, 
Lady-cow,  Ludy-bvg.     This  insect,  bruised  upon 


C0CC10N 


178 


COCO  OF  THE  MALADIVES 


an  aching  tooth,  has  long  been  regarded  antio- 
dontalgic. 

COCCION,  xoxK'O)-.  A  weiglit,  mentioned 
by  Myrepsns;  the  same  as  the  Siliqua. 

COCCIONELLA,  Coccus  cacti. 

COCCOBALSAMUM,  see  Amyris  opobal- 
samum. 

COCCOGNIDIA,  Cnidia  grana. 

COCCOLOBA  UVIFERA,  see  Kino. 

COCCONES,  see  Pnnica  granatum. 

COCCUL.E  OFFICINARUM,  see  Menis- 
permum  cocculus. 

COCCULI  liNDI  AROMATICI,  see  Myrtus 
pimenta. 

COCCULUS  CRISPUS,  Menispermum  tu- 
berculatum— c.  Indicus,  see  Menispermum  coc- 
culus— c.  Palmatus,  Columba — c.  Suberosus, 
see  Menispermum  cocculus. 

COCCUM,  Cnidia  grana,  Kermes — c.  Ba- 
phicurn,  Kermes — c.  lnf'ectorium,  Kermes — c. 
Scarlatinum,  Kermes — c.  Tinctorium,  Kermes. 

COCCUS,  Coccus  cacti — c.  Americanus,  Coc- 
cus cacti. 

Coccus  Cacti.  The  systematic  name  of  the 
Cocli'ineal  Insect.  Coccinel'la,  Cochinit la,  Coc- 
ciuncl'la,  Coccinil'la,  Ficus  In'dias  grana,  Coc- 
cus Polon'icus,  Scar  aba?  olus  hemisphae'ricus, 
Cacliinelif  era  cochinit  la,  Coccus  America' nus, 
Coccus  In' dims  Tincto'rius,  Cochinelle,  Coccus. 
The  Coch'ineul  Animal,  (F.)  Cocheni/le,  Graine 
de  /' E car late.  The  cochineal  insects  have  a 
faint,  heavy  odour;  their  taste  is  acrid,  bit- 
terish, and  astringent:  colour  blackish-red  ex- 
ternally,—  purple-red  within.  They  are  used 
chiefly  for  giving  a  red  colour  to  tinctures,  die. 
They  were,  at  one  time,  esteemed  astringent, 
stimulant,  diuretic,  and  anodyne. 

Coccus  Ilicis,  Kermes — c.  Indicus  tincto- 
rius,  Coccus  cacti — c.  Indicus,  see  Menisper- 
mum cocculus — c.  Polonicus,  Coccus  cacti. 

COCCYCEPH'ALUS,  from  coccyx  (q.  v.)  and 
xf<p*Ai;,  'the  head.'  A  monster  whose  head 
has  the  shape  of  the  os  coccygis. 

COCCYGE'US,  from  kokxvz,  because  it  is 
inserted  into  the  coccyx.  Ischio-Coccygeus, 
(F.)  Iscltin-coccygien.  Belonging  both  to  the 
ischium  and  coccyx.  The  muscle  Isckio-coccy- 
geus,  Leva'tor  Cocci/gis,  Triangularis  Cocci/- 
gis.  It  arises  from  the  spinous  process  of  the 
ischium,  and  is  inserted  into  the  extremity  of 
the  sacrum;  and  into  nearly  the  whole  length 
of  the  os  coccygis  laterally.  It  retains  the  coc- 
cyx in  place,  and  prevents  it  from  being  forced 
backwards  during  the  evacuation  of  the  faeces. 

COCCYGWJWJ1L,  Sphincter  ani  externus. 

COCCYGIO-CUTJIjYE  SPHIjYCTER, 
Sphincter  ani  externus. 

COCCYMELEA.  Primus  domestica. 

COCCYX,  'a  cuckoo;'  whose  bill  it  is  said  to 
resemble,  Os  Coccy'gis,  Cauda,  Ossis  sacri 
acu'men,  Os  M'agas,  Rump  Bone,  Cu'culus, 
Uropyg'ion.  An  assemblage  of  small  bones, 
attached  to  the  lower  part  of  the  sacrum;  the 
curvature  of  which  it  prolongs,  and  of  which 
it  Beerns  to  be  an  appendage.  Generally,  it 
consists  of  four  bones.  Behind  the  base  of  the 
coccyx  are  two  small  tubercular  eminences. 
These  are  called  Cornua  of  the  Coccyx. 

COCHEMAR.  Incubus. 

COCHEKILLE,  Coctus  cacti. 

COCHFRlA,C(.chia. 

COC  HI  A,  Cocckia,  Cocke 'ria,  from  x'xxoc, 
'berry,'  'seed,'  or  from  x'^vw,  'to   flow   pro- 


fusely.' An  ancient  name  for  several  officinal 
purgative  pills;  thus  called,  either  because 
they  produced  copious  evacuations,  or  because 
they  were  shaped  like  a  seed. 

COCHIN  LFG,  see  Elephantiasis. 

COCHINEAL,  Coccus  cacti. 

COCHIN EL1FERA    COCH1NILLA,  Coc- 

CUS  CclCtl. 

COCHINILLA,  Coccus  cacti. 

COCH'LEA.  A  Snail's  shell,  (F.)  Limacon, 
Coquille.  Anatomists  have  given  this  name  to 
the  most  anterior  of  the  three  cavities,  which 
constitute  the  labyrinth  of  the  car,  the  Pelvis 
Jiu'rium  or  Concha  auris  interna,  Cae'itas 
cochlea' ta,  C.  buccina'ta,  Antrum  buccino'sum, 
Concha  Labyrin'lhi; — and  that  of  Sculse  of  tke 
Cochlea,  (F.)  Rampes  du  limagon,  to  two  spiral 
cavities  in  the  interior  of  the  cochlea.  One  of 
these  scalae  terminates  at  the  Fenestra  rotun'da, 
and  is  called  Scula  tympani :  the  other  opens 
at  the  anterior  and  inferior  part  of  the  vesti- 
bule.    It  is  called  Scala  vestib'uli. 

Cochlea,  ScaljE  of  the,  see  Cochlea. 

COCHLEAR  A UR1CULARE,  Earpick. 

COCHLEA'RE,  from  cochlea;  its  bowl  re- 
sembling a  shell:  a  spoonful;  (F.)  Cuilleree, 
abbreviated  in  prescriptions  usually  to  coch. 
See  Abbreviation.     Also,  a  scoop,  (q.  v.) 

Cochlea're  Magnum,  a  table-spoonful;  C. 
Me'dium,  a  dessert  or  pap- spoonful;  and  C. 
Min'imum,  a  tea-spoonful. 

COCHLEA'RlA,  from  cochleare,  'a  spoon,' 
so  called  from  its  resemblance. 

Cochlea' ria  Aumora'cia,  Rapk'anus  rusti- 
ca'nus,  Arrnora'cia,  Ruph'anus  mar i' nus,  Raph'- 
anus  sylves'tris,  Horseradish.  Family,  Cruci- 
ferae.  Sex.  Syst.  Tetradynamia  Siliculosa.  (F.) 
Raiforl  sauvage,  Le  cran.  The  root  of  horse- 
radish is  frequently  used  at  table;  and  has 
long  been  in  the  Materia  Medica.  It  is  stimu- 
lant and  diuretic.     Externally  it  is  rubefacient. 

Cochlea'kia  Coron'opus,  Coron'opus,  Co- 
ron'opus  Ruel'lii,  Wild  Scurvy  Grass,  Swine's 
Cress.  This  European  plant  is  considered  to 
be  diuretic  and  antiscorbutic.  (F.)  Come  de 
Cerf.  The  term  Coron'opus  was  given,  by  the 
ancients,  to  various  plants. 

Coc  hlea'ri  a  HonTENsis,Cochlearia  officinalis. 

Cochlea'kia  Ofkicina'lis,  C.  horten'sis,  Le- 
mon Scurvy  Grass,  Common  Scurvy  Grass,  (F.) 
Cranson,  Herbe  aux  millers.  It  has  been  con- 
sideied  a  powerful  antiscorbutic.  It  is  some- 
times eaten  in  salad. 

COCHLEARIFOR'MIS,  from  cochleare,  'a 
spoon,'  and  forma,  'shape.'  (F.)  Bee  de  Cuiller. 

Cochleakiformis  Proces'sus.  A  small,  very 
thin  plate,  which  separates  the  bony  portion  of 
the  Eustachian  tube  from  the  canal  for  the 
passage  of  thetensor  tympani. 

COCHO'NE,  xoXwi,;.  The  junction  of  the 
ischium,  near  the  seat  or  breech. — Foesius. 
The  breech  properly,  from  the  hip-bones  to  the 
anus.     The  perinasum,  (q.  v.) 

COCIL'IO.     A  weight  of  eleven  ounces. 

COCKLE-BUR,  Agrimony. 

COCKLES,  INDIAN,  see  Menispermum 
Cocculus. 

COCKMINT,    Tanacetum  balsamita. 

COCKUPHAT,  Stillingia. 

COCLLS,  Borgne. 

COCO,  Cocos  nucifera. 

Coco  of  the  Maldives,  Cocos  de  Maldi'va. 
The  fruit  of  a  palm,  called  Lodoke'a  by  Cora- 


COCOA  CACAVIFERA 


179 


CCE1NLESTHESIS 


merson.     It  was  formerly  termed,  in  the  shops, 
Aire  Med'iea,  and  enjoyed  great  reputation. 
COCOA  CACAVIFERA,  Cacao. 
COCOA,  Cacao. 
COCOBAY,  Mai  de  San  Lazaro. 
COCOS  BUTYRA'CEA.     The  name  of  the 
plant  which  affords  the  palm  oil,  O'leum  palmer, 
obtained  chiefly  from  the  fruit,  by  bruising  and 
mixing  the  kernels  with  water,  without  the  aid 
of  heat,  by  which  the  oil  is  separated  and  rises 
to  the  surface.     It  is  of  the  consistence  of  an 
ointment,  with  little  taste,  and  a  strong,  though 
not  disagreeable,  smell.    It  is  applied  to  sprains. 
&c;  but  has  no  advantages  over  other  oils.    It 
has  been  called,  also,  O'leum  Palma  scha'ceurn, 
0.  Jixum  nucum  cocos  liutyra'ceee  and  Mackaw 
fat.     It  is  procured    likewise   from   the    Ela'is 
Guineen'sis,  and  Ela'is  Occidenta'lis,  two  spe- 
cies of  palms. 

Cocos     Nucif'era,    (F.)     Cocotier.      Order, 
Palmce.     The   systematic   name    of  the    plant 
whose  fruit  is  the  cocoa  nut,  (F.)  Coco.     It  is 
an  agreeable  kernel,  but  not  easy  of  digestion. 
Emulsions,  orgeat,  &c.  are  made  from  it.     The 
juice  of  the  cocoa,  when  fermented,  forms  wine, 
and  arrack  is  distilled  from  it. 
COCOTE.  Influenza. 
COCOTIER,  Cocos  nucifera. 
COCTIO,  Digestion. 

COC'TlOiN,  Codtio.  Pepsis,  Pepan'sis.  Pepas'- 
mos.  Concoc'tion,  from  coqucre,  '  to  boil.'  This 
word  has  been  employed  in  various  senses.  1. 
With  the  ancients,  coction  meant  the  particular 
kind  of  alteration  which  the  food  experiences 
in  the  digestive  organs,  particularly  in  the  sto- 
mach. It  meant  a  preparation  from  its  crude 
state.  2.  It  expressed  the  maturation  or  change, 
which  the  humeral  pathologists  believed  mor- 
bific matter  to  experience  before  elimination. 
It  was  considered,  that  coction  was  produced 
during  the  violence  of  the  disease;  and  hence 
this  was  called  the  Feriodof  Cucliun.  See  Hu- 
morism. 

COCYTA,  Malis. 
COD  or  CODS,  Scrotum. 
CODAGAPALA  BARK,  Nerium  antidysen- 
tericum. 

CODE.  Codex. 
COD  EI  A,  Codeine. 

COD'EINE,  Codcl'a,  from  xoidia,  'a  poppy 
head.'  An  alkaloid,  discovered,  by  Robiquet, 
in  opium,  in  1832.  It  is  soluble  in  water,  alco- 
hol and  ether,  and  unites  readily  with  acids. 
As  a  hypnotic,  Magendie  thinks  one  grain  of 
codeia  equal  to  half  a  grain  of  morphia.  The 
muriale  of  codeia  appears  to  be  stronger  than 
the  pure  codeia. 

CODESELLA,  Anthrax. 
CODEX,  a  collection  of  laws.  (F.)  Code. 
By  extension,  a  collection  of  approved  medical 
formula;,  with  the  processes  necessary  for  form- 
ing the  compounds,  referred  to  in  it.  The 
Parisian  Pharmacopoeia  is  styled  Codex  Medica- 
mentafrius. 

Codex   Medicamentarius,   Formulary,  see 
Codex. 
COD1A,  Papaver  (capsule.) 
CODOCELE,  Rubo. 
CODOSCELLA,  Bubo. 
COT.CUM.Cfficum. 
COEFFE,  Caul. 

CCE'EIA,  y.otXia,  xoiXt],  'a  hollow  place.' 
This   word   generally  meant  a   cavity  in  the 


body:— the  abdomen,  in  particular.  It  has  also 
been  used  for  the  alimentary  canal,  &c; — avta 
xoiXia,  'the  stomach,'  y.uita  y.oiXiu,  'the  abdo- 
men '     Also,  an  alvine  evacuation 

CCE'LIAC,  Caliacus.  (F.)  Caliuque  ou  Ci- 
liaque.  from  y.oiXiu,  'the  abdomen,'  'intestine.' 
Relating  to  the  abdomen  or  intestine. 

Cceliac  Artery,  A.  Ca/iaca,  (A.  opislogas- 
trique  Ch.,)  A.  Caliuque,  Tronc  caliaque,  Tri- 
pled de  la  caliaque,  is  situate  above  the  pancreas, 
and  behind  the  upper  part  of  the  stomach.  It 
arises  from  the  anterior  part  of  the  abdominal 
aorta,  where  it  passes  between' the  pillars  of  the 
diaphragm,  and  soon  divides  into  the  coronaria 
ventriculi,  hepatic,  and  splenic  arteries. 

Cceliac  Flux  or  Passion,  Caliaca  ckylo'sa, 
Diarrha'a  cltylu'sa,  D.  chymo'sa,  Fluxus  cmliacus, 
Passio  caliaca,  P.  Ventriculo'sa,  Clujmoche'zia, 
Fluor  albas  intestine/ rum,  Chylorrha'a,  Chymor- 
r lice' a,  Cceliaca  lac' lea,  Morbus  cceliacas.  (F.)  Flux 
caliaque.  A  species  of  diarrhoea,  in  which  the 
food  is  discharged  by  the  bowels  in  an  undigest- 
ed condition.  By  some,  defined  to  be  diarrhoea 
attended  with  discharges  of  chyle  or  chyme. 
It  is,  in  general,  symptomatic  of  tubercular 
disease  of  the  mesenteric  glands.    See  Lientery. 

Cceliac  or  Solar  Plexus,  Plexus  mesenldrii 
propria s  et  maximus,  P.  gang lij 'or' mis  semiluna- 
ris, {Plexus  median  ou  opistogastriqne  Ch.,)  (F.) 
PL  Caliaque  ou  solaire,  Ganglion  de  Viedssens, 
is  formed  of  numerous  nervous  filaments,  which 
proceed  from  the  semilunar  ganglia  of  the  great 
sympathetic.  It  is  strengthened  by  several 
branches  of  the  right  and  left  pneumogastric 
nerves;  is  seated  around  the  trunk  of  the  coe- 
liac  artery,  behind  the  stomach,  and  furnishes 
the  secondary  plexuses — the  diaphragmatic,  co- 
ronary of  the  stomach,  splenic  and  hepatic,  which 
accompany  the  arteries  of  the  same  name. 

CGHLlACA,  fiom  y.oiXtay.oc,  '  calinc*  (q.  v.) 
Diseases  of  the  digestive  organs;  the  1st  class 
in  Good's  JYosology.  It  comprises  two  orders, 
Enterica  and  Splanchnica. 

Cceliaca  Chylosa,  Coeliac  flux — c.  Lactea, 
Coeliac  flux — c.  Renalis,  Chyluria — c.  Urinalis, 
Chyluria. 

CCELIALGIA,  Tormina. 

CCELIOCELE,  see  Hernia,  hypogastric. 

CQlLLiQUE,  TRltPlED  DE  LA,  Coeliac 
artery. 

CCELIOPYO'SIS,  from  y.odux,  'the  abdo- 
men,' and  nvwais,  'suppuration.'  Suppuration 
in  the  abdomen  or  its  parietes. 

CC3LIORRHCEA,  Diarrhoea. 

CCELO'MA,  from  xoiAoc,  '  hollow.'  A  round 
ulcer  of  the  cornea,  broader  and  deeper  than 
that  described  under  the  name  Bolhrion. 

CCELON,  Cavity. 

CCELOPHTHAL'MUS,  from  m,Xo?,  'hollow,' 
and  oif&aXuoc,  'eye.'     One  who  is  hollow-eyed. 

CGELOSTOM'IA,  from  miXo?,  '  hollow,'  and 
(ttojuix,  '  mouth.'  A  defect  in  speaking,  when 
the  voice  seems  as  if  it  came  from  a  cavern; — 
that  is,  obscure,  and  as  if  at  a  distance. 

CCELOS'TOMUS,  same  etymon.  One  who 
has  a  hollow  voice. 

COSLOTES,  Cavity. 

CCEN^ESTHE'SIS,  from  y.o,roc,  'common,' 
and  ato9rjciig,  '  feeling.'  Conaeslhcsis.  Common 
feeling.  Some  German  writers  mean,  by  this, 
a  sixth  sense.  It  is  the  feeling  of  self-existence 
or  individuality,  and  is  manifested  by  the  sense 
of  buoyancy  or  depression,  which  we  experience 


CCENOLOGIA 


ISO 


COLCOTHAR 


without  any  known  cause; — by  involuntary 
shuddering,  feeling  of  chill  or  glow,  &c. 

CCE N  o  L(  >G  I  A,  Consultation. 

L-U^  iNOTES,  won  ur>;c,  'commonness,'  from 
teotros,  'common.'  The  physicians  of  the  me- 
thodic sect  asserted  that  all  diseases  arise  from 
relaxation,  stricture,  or  a  mixture  of  both.  These 
were  called  Canutes:  or  what  diseases  have  in 
common. 

COETTJS,  Coition. 

CaWfl,  Heart. 

OOF'FEA  ARAU'ICA,  (F.)  Cafier,  and  Ca- 
fcyer.  Family,  Rubiaceae.  Sex.  Syst.  Pentan- 
dria  Monogynia.  The  plant  which  affords  cof- 
fee, Jits' minum  Arab'icum,  Chonva,  Bon.  Ori- 
ginally from  Yemen       Buna.    (F.)  Cafe. 

The  infusion  of  coffee  is  an  agreeable  and 
wholesome  article  of  diet.  It  is,  to  a  certain 
extent,  tonic,  and  is  employed  as  such  in  con- 
valescence, especially  from  fevers,  &c.  In 
ca>es  of  poisoning  by  opium,  and  in  old  asth- 
mas, its  use  lias  been  extolled.  For  this  pur= 
pose  the  Moka  is  the  best.  It  ouoht  to  be  newly 
torrefied,  but  not  too  much  burnt;  should  be 
strong,  and  drunk  soon  after  grinding.  Facti- 
tious Coffees  have  been,  from  time  to  time,  re- 
commended, but  they  are  infinitely  inferior  to 
the  genuine.  Various  substitutes  have  been 
proposed;  wheat,  hurley,  liollyberries,  acorns, 
sunflower  seeds,  beecltmasl,  pens,  beans,  suc- 
cory-root, seeds  of  gooseberries  and  currants  left 
in  making  wine,  and  washed, — sliced  turnips, 
&c  These  have  been  roasted  with  the  addi- 
tion of  a  little  butter  or  oil:  but.  they  have-not 
the  aroma  of  coffee.  The  best  substitute  is  said 
to  be  the  seeds  of  the  Yellow  water  flag — Gla- 
diolus luteas  o'r  Iris  pseud a  corns. 

Hunt's  GEcon.imical  Breakfast  Powder  con- 
sists of  rye,  roasted  with  a  little  butter.  It  is 
a  good  substitute  for  coffee. 

COFFEE-TREE,  Gvmnocladus  Canadensis. 

COFFEE,  WILD,  friosleum. 

OOGNITIO  PHYSIOLOGICA,  Physiology. 

COHABITATIO,  Coition. 

COHABITATION,  Cohabita'tio,  from  cum, 
'with,'  and  hnbitare,  'to  dwell.'  The  act  of 
dwelling  together.  In  legal  medicine,  it  means 
the  consummation  of  marriage- — Copulation. 

COHE'SION,  Colix'siol  from  cum,  'with,' 
and  fiarere,  '  to  stick.'  Vis  cohsesio'nis,  Vis  ad- 
hsenu'nis,  Vis  uttractio'nis,  Force  of  coke' don, 
Attraction,  of  cohesion,  A.  of  aggregation,  is  that 
force  in  the  particles  of  matter,  whereby  they 
are  connected  in  such  a  way  as  to  resist  any 
attempt  towards  their  removal  or  separation. 
This  force  has  to  be  attended  to,  in  the  manage- 
ment of  disease.  Emollients,  rubbed  into  a 
part,  act  by  diminishing  the  cohesion. 

COHOBA'TION,  Cohohu'tw,  Coat/Hum,  Co'- 
hob.  Co'lwplt.  Distillation  of  a  liquid— already 
distilled— on  the  same  substances.  When  this 
is  repeated  three  or  four  times,  it  is  called 
Recall  ohaiion. 

COHOL.  Synonym  of  Alcohol.  Also,  a  dry 
collvrium  — Avicenna. 

COHOSH,  Actse-i    racernosa,   Caulophyllum 

thalictroides — <•..   Blank,   Actsra   racernosa c. 

Blueberry,  Caulophyllum  thalictio'iden. 

COHUSH,  Cau  ophyllum  thalictroides. 

COIFFE,  Caul. 

COIGN  see  Pvrus  Cydonia. 

COIGNASMER,  Pyrus  cvdonia. 


COJ'iNCIDEiN'TIA.  Some  authors  have  trans- 
lated, by  this  term,  the  word  na^fjuTrrvmic.  used 
by  Galen  to  designate  the  occlusion  of  the  fora- 
men opticum  by  a  humour,  proceeding  from  the 
base  of  the  brain,  and  occasioning  blindness. — 
Castelh. 

COTN'DICANT,  Coin'dicans,  from  con, 
'  with,'  and  indico,  '  1  indicate.' 

Coin'dicant  Signs  are  those  which  furnish 
the  same  indications;  or  which  confirm  the 
indication  afforded  by  another  sign: — ouvtt- 
dctxtifitva. 

COIRA,  Catechu. 

COIRAS,  Scrofula. 

COIT.  Coition. 

COI'TION,  Co'ilus,  Co'etus,  from  co'eo,  (con, 
and  eo,  'to  go,')  '  to  go  together.'  Copulation, 
Copulu'tio,  Cupula  Car na' lis,  Aphrodis'iu,  Jlphro- 
disiasm'vs,  Acces'svs,  Basia'tio,  Jhipler.a'lio 
Jimplcx.'us.  Conven'tu<,  Complex'io,  Conju'gium 
Agglutinin 'do',  hngnei'a,  Suutlyus'mus,  Synu.'sia, 
Concu'bilus,  Cougrcs'sus,  Coliuhitu  tio,  Venus 
Res  Vene'rea,  Cuncu'ldlus  vene'reus,  Ven'eru 
Sexual  intercourse  (F.)  Coit,  A/ipruc/ie,  Accou- 
plement.     The  carnal  union  of  the  sexes. 

COL,  Collum. 

UOLA.  Articulation. 

COLATIO,  Colatura. 

COLATUM.  Cobitura. 

COLATO'HIUM,  from  colore,  'to  strain.'  A 
strainer  of  any  kind.  (F.)  Couloir.  A  term, 
by  which  the  ancient  physicians  described 
every  canal  or  conduit,  through  which  the  ex- 
crementitious  humours  of  the  body  are  evacu- 
ated. Ulcers,  fistula?,  selons,  caustics,  &c, 
have  been  called  artificial  or  accidental  Colatoria, 
because  they  were  considered  to  be  passages  by 
which  the  animal  economy  is  freed  fronf  some 
morbific  mailer. 

COLATU'RA,  from  colore, '  to  strain.'  Cola'- 
turn.  (F.)  Colature.  A  filtered  or  strained  liquor. 
It  likewise  means  straining  a  liquid      Coh/tio. 

COLCHESTER,  MINERAL  WATKRS 
OF.  Aqua  Colceslnn'sis.  The  waters  of  Col- 
chester aie  of  the  bitter  purging  kind,  similar 
to  that  of  Epsom. 

COLCHICIA,  see  Colchicum  Antumnale. 

COLCHICUM  AUTUMNA'LE,  from  the 
county  Colchis.  Meadow  Saffron,  Col'chicum, 
Coum,  (F  )  Coltldque,  Tae-chien,  Mori  aux 
chiens,  So f ran  de.s  prcs,  Safran  huturd  Family, 
Colchicaceae.  Class,  Hexandria.  Order.  Mo- 
nogynia The  bulb  or  root  (Bulbus  vel  Radix 
yel  Carinas,)  and  the  seeds  are  the  parts  used 
in  medicine.  The  taste  is  acrid,  excoriating 
the  mouth;  but  the  acrimony  is  lost  by  dry- 
ing. It  is  narcotic,  diuretic,  and  cathartic; 
and  has  been  given  in  dropsy,  gout,  and  rheu- 
matism. Dose,  from  gr.  j  to  vj  of  the  fresh 
bulb.  It  is  supposed  to  be  the  active  ingredient 
of  the  Eau  miidicinale  d' Hassan.  The  active 
principle  is  called  Colchir."ia.  The  Colchicum, 
in  an  over  dose,  is  an  aero  narcotic  poLon 

Dr.  Wilson's  T.nctureforthe  Gout,  is  said  to  be 
merely  an  infusion  of  Colchicum,  or  Col' chichi. 

Colchicum  ZKVi.AMCUM.Kamipferia  rotunda. 

COLCH1QUE,  Colchicum  autumnale. 

COL'COTHAR,  Col'mthar  Vitrio/i,  Henri' - 
cus  rubens,  Chalci'tis,  Brown  red.  Range,  Cro- 
cus Oxidant  Feiri  rulirum,  Tritox'ydum.  Ferri, 
Sulphas  Ferri  calcina'tum,  Perrvm  vitriola'tum 
vsium.  Terra  vitriol!  fluids.  Crocus  mortis  xi- 
triolu'tus  seu  adstrin'gens.    (F.)  Rowe  d'Am'lt- 


COLD 


181 


COLICA  METALLICA 


terre,Snfran  tie  Mars  astringent.  The  red  oxide 
of  iron,  obtained  by  calcining  snlphate  of  iron 
lo  redness,  will)  or  witln>ul  the  contact  of  air. 
It  possesses  the  general  propel  ties  of  the  prepa- 
rations of  iron,  and  has  been  applied  to  stanch 
blood.  &c. 

COLD,  Frigus,  Psychos,  (F  )  Froid.  The 
sensation  produced  by  the  abstraction  of  caloric 
from  our  organs.  Ckeirna,  Chimon.  See  Heat. 
Three  degrees  of  cold  are  generally  distin- 
guished in  disease.  1.  The  simple  feeling  of 
cold  (.'ilgor)  2.  Chilliness  {Horror),  and  3.  Shi- 
taring  (Rigor).  Cold  is  employed  in  medicine, 
chiefly,  as  a  refrigerant  and  sedative. 

Cold  is  the  Eye,  Ophthalmia,  catarrhal — c. 
in  the  Head,  Coryza. 
COLPITIS.  Colposis. 
COLEOPTOS1S,  Prolapsus  vagina. 
COLKOSITIS,  Leucorrhcea. 
COLkRE,  Kage. 
COLES.  Penis. 
COLEUS.  Testicle. 
COLIBERT,  Cagot. 

COLIC,  Ci/licus,  from  xtaXttv,  'the  colon.'  (F.) 
Culique.     Relating  to  the  colon. 

Colic  Arteries,  Arle'ricp,  co'lica,  (F.)  Ar- 
teres  roHques.  are  six  in  number,  three  of  which, 
given  off  by  the  superior  mesenteric,  are  called, 
Colica:  dextrm',  and  three,  proceeding  from  the 
interior  mesenteric,  Colicx  sinis'irse.  All  pro- 
ceed towards  the  colon,  passing  between  the 
two  lamina?  of  the  peritoneum,  which  form  the 
mesocolon,  where  they  ramify  and  anastomose 
with  each  other.  The  first,  Colica  dcxtra,  Ramus 
col  ten  detter,  is  called  C.  d  extra  superior,  (Mesa- 
eolirjue, — Ch.)  The  second,  C.  dexlra  mtdia, 
Colicu  media,  Ramus  colic  us  malms,  /irteria 
media  anastonioi'ica,  (C.  droit c,  Ch.,)  and  the 
third,  C  dcxtra  infe'riar,  or  lleo-colica,  (.4.  eoz- 
cok, — Ch.)  Of  t lie  three  Colir.ce  sinislrse,  the 
lirst  or  superior  is  called,  by  Chaussier,  Colicu 
magna  sinistra;  the  second  or  media  is  not  dis- 
tinguished from  the  preceding,  as  they  often 
arise  from  a  common  trunk;  and  the  third  is 
called  by  Chaussier  Colicu  parvu  sinis'lra. 
To  these  arteries  as  many  veins  correspond, 
which  open  into  the  great  and  little  mesen- 
teric. 

Coi.ic  Lobe  ok  the  Liver  is  the  great  lobe  of 
that  organ. 

Cone,  Co'lica  Passin,Colica,  Bellyache,  Col'- 
icS,  Culicodyn'iu,  Dolo'res  intestino'  rum,  Dolor 
colicus,  l)ti*cnte.roner'viu.Jlnenteronrr' via,  Enter- 
al'gia.  Gripes, Mulligrubs.  In  its  etymological 
acceptation,  this  word  signifies  an  affection  or 
pain  in  the  colon.  But  it  is  employed  in  a  more 
extensive  signification.  It  includes  every  acute 
pain  of  the  abdomen,  aggravated  at  intervals. 
The  word  has,  however,  epithets  affixed  to  it, 
which  render  it  more  or  less  precise.  See  Tor- 
mina. 

Colic,  Devonshire, Colic,  metallic— c.  Horn. 
Priapiatnus — c.  Lead,  Colic,  metallic — c.  Ma- 
drid, Colica  Madridensis — c.  Menstrual,  Colica 
menstrualis — c  Metal lica,  Colica  melaliica — c. 
Painter's,  Colic,  metallic — c.  Plumbers',  Colic, 
metallic — c.  of  PoitnU,  Colic,  metallic — c.  Sa- 
turnine, Colic,  metallic — c.  of  Surinam,  Colic, 
metallic — c.  Worm.  Colica  verminosa. 

COLICA  ACCIDENTALS,  Colica  crapu- 
.osa — c.  Acuta,  Enteritis. 

1     Co'lica  Bilio'sa,  Bil'iovs  Colic,  (F.)  Colique 
BUieuse.    Colic,  occasioned    by  an  accumula- 


tion of  bile  in  the  intestines  or  in  its  own  pas- 
sages.  The  treatment  required  resembles  that 
proper  for  the  next  variely. 

Colica  Callo'sa.  Colic  attended  with  sense 
of  stricture  in  some  part  of  the  intestinal  ca- 
nal; often  of  flatulency  and  pain;  the  flatulency 
gradually  passing  off'by  the  stricture;  the  bow- 
els tardy;  at  length  discharging  small  liquid 
stools. 

Colica  Convulsi'va,  C.  Spasmod'ira,  C.  pi- 
tuito'su,  C.  nervo'sa,  C.  idiopoth'ica.  Colic,  not 
the  symptom  of  any  other  affection.  It  is  cha- 
racterized by  gri|)ing  pain  in  the  bowels,  chiefly 
about  the  navel,  with  vomiting  and  costiveness, 
—  the  pain  increasing  at  intervals.  The  indi- 
cations are  to  clear  the  intestines,  and  allay 
spasm.  Calomel  and  opium — castor  oil  and 
opium — emollient  and  cathartic  enemata,  with 
fomentations,  wet  or  dry,  to  the  abdomen,  usu- 
ally succeed. 

Colica  Crapvlo'sa,  C.  accide.nta'/is,  C.  hel- 
luo'num.,  Surfeit,  (F.)  Colique  d Indigestion.  A 
colic,  arising  from  eating  indigestible  aliments, 
or  digestible  aliments  in  too  great  abundance. 
The  remedy  is  obvious. 

Colica  Damnoniorum,  Colic,  metallic — c. 
Febricosa,  Colica  inflammatoriu — c.  Figulorum, 
Colica  metallica. 

Colica   Flatulen'ta,  Inflaiio,  Gastrodi/n'ia 
flatukn'ta.    Physospm'mus,    (F.)    Caique  ftutu- 
hnle,  C.  ftntucusfi,  C.  vente.use.     Colic,  arising 
from  an  accumulation  of  air  in  the  intestines. 
It  is  very  common   in   infants,  and   may  be   re- 
lieved by  aromatics,  especially  when  combined 
with  antacids — e.  g.  oil  of  aniseed  with  magnesia. 
Colica  Hklluonum,  Colica  ernpulosri. 
Colica  Hemorrhoidal. is,  Hemorrhuid'al  Co- 
lic, (F.)  CoHqne  heii:orho:dale.     A  kind  of  colic, 
supposed  to  precede  hemorrhoids  or  to  super- 
vene on  their  suppression. 

Colica  Hepat'ica,  Hepntal'gia  Calcvlo'sa, 
Hepal'ic  colic,  (F.)  Coliqve  hepa'iique.  Pain  in 
the  region  of  the  liver,  chiefly  about  the  gall- 
bladder, occasioned  by  the  passing  of  a  biliary 
calculus  through  the  cystic  and  choledoch  ducts. 
Colica  Idiopathica,  Colica  convulsiva — c. 
Ileus,  Ileus. 

Colica  Isflammato'ria,  C.  Ph/ngis'tica,  C. 
p/ethor'ica,  C.  felirico'sa,  C.  pu/sut'ilis,  Infiani'- 
matory  colic.     The  same  as  enteritis,  (q.  v.) 

Colica  Lapponica,  see  Seta  equina — c.  Lo- 
chialis,  Dyslochia — c.  Madiidensis,  Colic  of 
Madrid— c.  Nervosa,  Col  ca  convulsiva,  Colic, 
metallic — c.  Phlogistica,  Colica  inflammatoria. 
Colica  Madriukm'sis,  Colic  of  Madrid,  Ma- 
drid  Colic.  A  species  of  colic,  endemic  in  several 
provinces  of  Spain,  whose  nature  is  not  clear. 
Its  symptoms  resemble  those  occasioned  by  lead. 
Colica  Menstrua'lis,  Mcn'slrvaL  Colic,(F.) 
Culique  menstruelle.  Colic,  which  precedes  or 
accompanies  the  menstrual  evacuation,  or  which 
is  owing  to  the  suppression  of  that  evacuation. 
Colica  M eta i/lic a, Metallic  Colic,  Painters' 
Colic,  Colica  pie!  ton  urn,  Colic  of  Poilou,  Colica 
Saturni'na,  C.  Fignlo' rum.  Colic  of  Surinam' , 
Bellon,  Devonshire  Colic,  Dry  Bellyache.  Satur- 
nine Colic,  Lead  Colic,  Plum  hers1  Colic,  Rnchial'- 
gia  Pic.'tanum,  R.  Pictavien'sium,  Morbus  Metal- 
liens,  Colicople'gia,  Colicu  Rachiafgia.  Racliiat'- 
giu,  Colica  Damnonio'rum.  C.  Plumbariu'rum, 
Parol' i/fds  ruchial'gia,  Colica  nervosa-,  Colica 
Picto'num.  Palmus  Plumbti'rius.  (F  )  Di/s/nie- 
ronervie  Saturnine,  Colique  de  Foitou,  Culique 


C0L1CA  NEFHRETICA 


182 


COLLISIO 


vtgdlale,  (?)  Colique  des  peintres,  Colique  de 
plomb,  C.  mctal/ique,  C.  saturnine,  C.  dcs  barbou- 
illeurs.  Under  this  head  is  generally  described 
the  colic  produced  by  lead,  as  well  as  the  other 
colics  mentioned  in  the  synonymy;  and  they 
certainly  resemble  each  other  greatly,  although 
some  of  them  are  more  like  the  bilious  colic. 
There  is  not  much  to  distinguish  this  variety 
of  colic  from  others.  The  same  violent  pain 
about  the  navel  is  present,  with  retraction  of 
the  abdomen  towards  the  spine.  It  is  apt  also 
to  occasion  palsy.  The  only  difference  of  treat- 
ment is,  the  necessity  of  employing  more  opium 
along  with  the  purgative.  The  paralytic  se- 
quelae must  be  treated  by  change  of  air,  rub- 
bing the  spine,  exercise,  &c.  Treating  the 
disease  upon  general  principles  is  infinitely 
more  philosophical,  and  more  successful  than 
the  empirical  management  at  La  Charili, Paris, 
which  it  is  unnecessary  to  detail. 

Coi.ica  N ephret'ic a,  A'ephret'ic  Colic,  (F.) 
Colique  Mphr  clique.  Acute  pains,  which  ac- 
company nephritis,  and  especially  calculous 
nephritis,  or  the  passage  of  a  calculus  into  the 
ureters. 

Colica  Pictonum,  Colic,  metallic — c.  Picto- 
rum,  Colic,  metallic — c.  Pituitosa,  Colica  con- 
vulsiva — c.  Plethorica,  Colica  inflammatoria — 
c.  Plumbariorum,  Colic,  metallic — c.  Pulsatilla, 
Colic,  inflammatory — c  Rachialgia,  Colic,  me- 
tallic— c.  Saturnina,  Colica  metallica — c.  Spas- 
modica,  Colica  convulsiva,  Ileus— c.  Stipata, 
Colica  stercorea— c.  Ventriculi,  Cardialgia. 

Coi.ica  Sterco'rea,  Stercora'ceous  Colic, 
Colica  Slip a' 'ta,  (F.)  Coliquc  stercoral*.  A  spe- 
cies of  colic,  ascribed  to  the  retention  of  faecal 
matters  in  the  intestines  The  retention  is 
itself,  however,  an  effect,  that  may  be  caused  in 
the  same  manner  as  the  colic  pains  themselves. 

Colica  Uteri'na,  Uterine  Colic,  (F.)  Colique 
utirine.  Pain  seated  in  the  uterus,  sometimes 
called  Hysteral'gia.    ' 

Colica  Vermino'sa,  Helminthocol'ica,  Worm 
Colic,  (F.)  Colique  rermineuse.  Abdominal 
pain,  occasioned  by  the  presence  of  worms  in 
the  intestines. 

COLICODYNIA,  Colica. 

COLICOPLEGIA,  Colic,  metallic. 

COLIMACOX,  Limax. 

COLIQUE, Colic — c  des  Barbouillcurs,Co\\ea 
metallica — c.  Hipatique, Colica  hepatioa — c.d' In- 
digestion, Colica  crapulosa — c.  rnetallique, Colica 
metallica — c.  de  Miserere,  Ileus — r.  de  Misericorde, 
Heu3  —  c.  des  Peintres,  Colic,  metallic — c.  de 
Plimib,  Colic,  metallic — c.  de  Poitou, Colic, me- 
tallic— c.  Saturnine,  Colica  me  tallica — c.  Yen  tense, 
Colica  flatulenta — c.   Ycgelale,  Colic,  metallic. 

COUQUES.Fams  (after.) 

COLITIS,  from  y.ci/ov,  '  the  colon,'  and  ilis, 
'denoting  inflammation.'  Coloni'tis,  Enteri'tis 
co'lica,  (F.)  Inflammation  du  colon.  Inflamma- 
tion of  the  peritoneal  or  mucous  membrane  of 
the  colon.  The  former  is  termed  Serocoli'tis, 
and  Ezocoli'lis;  the  latter  Dysentery,  (q.  v.) 

COLIX.Trochisr.us. 

COLLA  FISCIUM,  Ichthyocolla. 

COLLAP'SUS,  Col/apse,  Conciden'tia; — col, 
or  cum,  '  with,'  and  labor,  lajisus,  '  to  fall,'  (F.) 
.Iffaissement.  Acomplete  prostration  of  strength, 
either  at  the  commencement  or  in  the  progress 
of  a  disease. 

COLLARBONE,  Clavicle. 

COLLA RD,  Dracontium  lcetidum — c.  Cow, 


Oraconlium  fcetidum— c.  Polecat,  Dracontium 
fcetidum. 

COLLATERAL,  Collntera'lis,  from  cum, 
'with,'  and  latus,  'side.'  That  which  accom- 
panies or  proceeds  by  the  side  of  another. 

Collat'eral  Ar'teries  of  the  Arm,  Arte'- 
rix  Collateral les  Bra'cfdi,  (F.)  Jlrteres  collate- 
rales  du  bras-  They  are  given  off  by  the  bra- 
chial. They  are  distinguished  into,  1.  The 
collateral — superior  or  external  (Grandes  muscu- 
/aires  da  bras — Ch.)  which  arise  from  the  inner 
part  of  the  brachial,  and  extend  as  far  as  the 
inferior  and  external  part  of  the  arm.  2.  The 
collateral — inferior  or  internal  (Collatcrales  du 
Coude  —  Ch.)  which  arise  from  the  brachial, 
near  the  elbow-joint,  and  descend  towards  the 
upper  part  of  the  fore-arm. 

The  vessels  which  pass  to  the  fingers  and 
toes,  are  also  called  collateral. 

Speaking  generally,  collateral  branches  are 
those  which  follow  nearly  the  same  course  as 
the  vessel  whence  they  emanate. 

COLLATERALS,  Ischio  cavernosus. 

COLLECHMR,  Sarcocolla. 

COLLE  DE  POISSOJV,  Ichthyocolla. 

COLLECTION,  Colled  do,  from  colligere, 
'to  collect.'  This  word  is  often  united  to  the 
epithet  purulent,  serous,  &c,  to  express  a  ga- 
thering of  pus,  serum,  &c. 

COLLESIS,  Agglutination. 

COLLETICUS,  Agolutinant. 

COLLIC'LE.  'Drains  to  collect  and  con- 
vey away  water.'  See  Gouttikre  Union  of 
the  ducts  passing  from  the  puncta  lachrymalia. 
Collid'ise  punctorum  lachrymalium. 

COLLICULA  VAGINAE,  Nymphse. 

COLLICULI  NERVI  ETHMOIDALS, 
Corpora  striata — c.  Nervorum  opticorurn,  Thai- 
ami  nervorum  opticorurn. 

COLL1CULUS  CAVE.E  POSTERIORY 
VENTRICULORUM  LATERALIUM,  Hip- 
pocampus minor. 

COLLIER,  (F.)  A  collar.  A  name  given  to 
certain  eruptions  which  surround  the  neck  like 
a  collar. 

COLLIGAMEN,  Lio-ament. 

COLLINSONIA  CANADENSIS,  Horseu-eed, 
Horse  balm,  Richweed,  Richleaf.  Heal-all,  Stone- 
root,  Knotroot,  Knoticeed.  This  indigenous 
plant  is  possessed  of  diuretic  properties,  which 
seem  to  reside  in  a  volatile  oil.  Infusion  is 
the  best  form  of  administration.  The  leaves  in 
domestic  practice  are  applied  to  wounds  and 
bruises. 

COL  LI  QU AMENTUM,  from  colliqueo,  (on 
and  liquere,)  'I  melt.'  The  first  rudiments  of 
an  embryo. — Harvey. 

COLLIQUATIO'N,  Colliqva'tio,  Eliquc/tio, 
Syntcx'is,  Ectcx'is,  Solu'tion,  Dissolution.  The 
ancients  meant,  by  this  term,  the  progressive 
diminution  of  the  solid  parts,  with  copious  ex- 
cretion of  liquids  by  one  or  more  passages. 
They  thought,  that  all  the  solids  melted;  and 
that  the  liquids,  and  particularly  the  blood,  lost 
a  portion  of  their  density. 

COLLIQ'UATlYrE,  Colliquad'vus,  Colliques'- 
cens,  from  colliquescere,  '  to  grow  liquid.'  (F.) 
Colliquadf.  An  epithet,  given  to  various  dis- 
charges, which  produce  rapid  exhaustion. 
Hence  we  say,  Colliquative  siccats,  Colliquative 
diarrhoea,  &c. 

COLLIQUESCENS,  Colliquative. 

COLLISIO,  Contusion. 


COLLIX 


183 


COLON  ITIS 


COLLIX,  Trochiscus. 
COLLODES,  Glutinous. 
COLLOID,    from   n.oXXa,   'glue,'   and   tnJo?, 
'  resemblance.'     An  epithet  applied  to  a  product 
of  morbid  secretion,  resembling  glue,  or    par- 
ticles of  jelly  inlaid  in  a  regular  alveolar  bed. 
The  three  species  of  cancer  or  carcinoma  are, — 
Eneephaloid  (q.  v.),  Scirrkus  (q.  v.),  and  Colloid 
COLLOSTRUM,  Colostrum. 
COLLOURION,  Collyrium. 
COLLUM,   Cervix,  Trache'los,   Jluchen,  (F.) 
Col,   Cou.     The    part  of  the  body  situate  be- 
tween the  head  and  chest.     Also,  a  part  of  an 
organ  resembling  the  neck,  as  in  the  following 
cases. 

Collum  or  Cervix  Astrag'ali,  Neck  of  the 
Astragalus,  (F.)  Col  de  Vastraga.le.  A  depres- 
sion, which  separates  the  anterior  extremity  of 
the  astragalus  from  its  body. 

Collum  or  Cervix  Costa'rum,  Neck  of  the 
Ribs,  (F.)  Col  des  Cotes.  The  narrow  part  of 
the  ribs,  between  the  head  and  tubercle. 

Collum  or  Cervix  Df.ntium.  Neck  of  the 
Teeth,  (F.)  Col  ou  Collet,  des  Dents.  The'  part 
of  the  teeth  between  the  corona  and  fang,  which 
is  embraced  by  the  gum. 

Collum  or  Cervix  Fem'oris.  Neck  of  the 
Thigh-bone,  (F.)  Col  du  Femur.  Thelong.nar- 
row,  and  oblique  portion  of  the  os  femoris, 
which  separates  the  head  from  the  two  tro- 
chanters. 

Collum  or  Cervix  Fib'ul^;.  Neck  of  the 
Fibula,  (F.)  Col  du  Perone.  A  slight  narrow- 
ness seated  below  the  head  or  upper  extremity 
of  the  fibula. 

Collum  or  Cervix  Hu'meri.  Neck  of  the 
Hu'merus.  A  circular,  depressed  portion, 
which  separates  the  head  of  the  os  humeri 
from  its  two  tuberosities.  Some  surgeons  place 
the  neck  below  the  tuberosities,  no  precise  line 
of  demarcation  indicating  its  extent. 

Collum  or  Ceiivix  Mandib'u l;e  vel  Maxii.'- 
lje  Inferio'ris,  Neck  of  the  lower  jaw.  (F.) 
Col  de  I' os  maxillaire  inferieure.  A  depression 
observable  on  each  side  of  the  lower  jaw,  im- 
mediately below  the  condyles. 

Collum  or  Cervix  Ossis  Magni  vel  Capi- 
ta'ti.  Neck  of  the  Os  Magnum,  (F.)  Col.  du 
grand  Os.  A  circular  depression  beneath  the 
head  of  this  bone  of  the  carpus. 

Collum  or  Cervix  Radii.  Neck  of  the  Ra- 
dius, (F.)  Col  du  Radius.  A  narrow  portion  of 
the  radius,  which  supports  the  head  of  the  bone. 
Collum  or  Cervix  Scap'uL/E,  Neck  of  the 
Scap'ula,  (F.)  Col  de  V Ornoplate.  A  narrow 
portion,  observable  below  the  glenoid  cavity  of 
the  scapula,  which  seems  to  separate  it,  as  it 
were,  from  the  rest  of  the  bone. 

Collum  or  Cervix  U'teki.  Neck  of  the  Ute- 
rus, (F  )  Col.  de  la  Mutrice.  A  narrow,  cylin- 
drical, and  flattened  portion  of  the  uterus, 
which  terminates  it  interiorly,  and  opens  into 
the  vagina  by  the  Os  Uteri  or  Os  Tinea.  This 
neck  is  perceptible  on  examination  per  vagi- 
nam,  until  near  the  end  of  utero-gestation.  As 
the  uterus  enlarges,  however,  it  becomes  shorter 
and  wider,  so  that  a  manifest  difference  exists 
between  its  condition  at  seven  and  nine  months 
Collum  or  Cervix  Vssi'cs,  Neck  of  the 
Bladder,  (F.)  Col  de  la  Vessic.  The  anterior 
part  of  the  base  of  the  bladder,  which  resembles 
the  neck  of  a  bottle,  and  is  continuous  with  the 
urethra. 


Collum  Obstipum,  Torticollis. 

COLLURfUM,  Collyrinm. 

COLLUTORIUM,  Gargarism— c.  Adstrin- 
gens,  Mel  boracis. 

COLLU'VIES,  from  colluo,' I  cleanse.'  Filth, 
exciement.     Discharge  from  an  old  ulcer. 

Coi.luvies  Gastrica,  Emharras  gnstrique. 

COLLYR'lUM,  Collu'rium,  ColUrion,  from 
y.mXvui,  '  1  check,'  and  e,ev>,  '  I  flow,'  or  from 
mXXa,  'glue,'  and  ovQa,  'tail.'  (F.)  Collyre. 
The  ancients  designated,  by  this  term,  a  solid 
medicine,  of  a  long,  cylindrical  shape;  proper 
to  be  introduced  into  the  vagina,  anus,  or  nos- 
trils. They  are  said  to  have  given  it  this  name 
because  it  was  shaped  like  a  Rat's  Tail,  and 
because  there  entered  into  its  composition, 
powders  and  glutinous  matters — Celsus,  Ori- 
basius,  Scribonius  Largus.  At  the  present  day, 
Collyrium  means  an  application  to  the  eye. 
Some  are  pulverulent  and  dry,  but  the  greatest 
part  are  liquid;  when  they  receive  different 
epithets,  as  astringent,  emollient,  &c.  The  term 
is  now  little  more  than  synonymous  with  Eye- 
water. Collyria  are  generally  extemporaneous 
formula;. 

Collyrium  Siccum  Alexandrinum,  see  Alex- 
andrine. 

COLOBO'MA,  xoXopotfiu,  'any  thing  trun- 
cated or  shortened.'  A  mutilated  or  maimed 
organ. 

Colobo'ma  Tridis.  A  congenital  peculiarity 
of  the  iris,  consisting  in  a  fissure  of  its  lower 
portion,  and  a  consequent  prolongation  of  the 
iris  to  the  margin  of  the  cornea. 

COLOBOS1S,  v.o7.o(tmn,c.  The  act  of  curtail- 
ing" or  mutilatincr;  mutilation. 

COLOCYNTH,  Oucumia  colocynthis. 

COLOMBINE,  COMMON,  Aquilegia  vul- 
garis. 

COLOMBO.  Calumba. 

COLON.  Colum,  Intesti'num  majus,  I  cellu- 
la' turn,  I.crassum  et  plenum,  I.  grands,  I.  luxum. 
That  portion  of  the  large  intestines  which  ex- 
tends from  the  caecum  to  the  rectum.  It  is  said 
to  have  been  so  called  from  y.oiXov,  '  hollow,'  or 
from  xwXvtii,  'I  arrest,'  because  the  excrements 
are  arrested,  for  a  considerable  time,  in  its  sacs. 
The  colon  is  usually  divided  into  four  portions. 
] .  The  right  lumbar  or  ascending,  Colon  dex- 
trum,  situate  in  the  right  lumbar  region,  and 
commencing  at  the  caecum.  2.  Transverse  colon, 
Colon  transvei'sum.  or  transverse  arch  of  the 
colon,  the  portion  of  the  colon  which  crosses 
from  the  right  to  the  left  side,  at  the  upper  part 
of  the  abdomen.  3.  The  left  lumbar  or  descend- 
ing, Colon  sinis'trum,  extending  from  the  left 
part  of  the  transverse  arch,  opposite  the  outer 
portion  of  the  left  kidney,  to  the  corresponding 
iliac  fossa.  4.  The  Iliac  colon  or  Sigmoid  flexure 
of  the  colon,  (F.)  Colon  iliaquf  ou  5.  du  colon, 
the  portion  of  the  intestine  which  makes  a  dou- 
ble curvature  in  the  left  iliac  fossa,  and  ends  in 
the  rectum. 

Colon,  Membrum — c.  Inflammation  of  the, 
Colitis. 

Colon,  Torpor  of  the.  A  disease  in  which 
the  muscular  coat  of  the  colon  acf%  with  defi- 
cient energy;  giving  occasion  to  distention  of 
the  intestine,  which,  by  pressing  upon  other  or- 
gans, may  interfere  so  much  with  their  func- 
tions, as  to  lead  to  distressing  gastric,  cardiac 
and  other  disorder. 

COLON ITIS,  Colitis,  Dysentery. 


COLONXE 


184 


COLUMNS  OF  MORGAGNI 


COLOXYE,  Columna— c.  Verlibrale,  Verte- 
bral column 

COLONNES  CHARNUES,  Carnese  colum- 
ns— c.  Ch armies  du  rteur,  Columnar  carnesc. 

COLOPHAjVE.  Colophonia. 

COLOPHANY,  Colophonia. 

COLOPHO'NIA,  so  called  from  Colophon, 
a  city  of  Ionia;  Phrycte,  Fricta,  Pix  G  rosea, 
Resi'na  nigra,  Coloph'any,  Colojih'ony,  Black  Ro- 
sin, Pitch,  Brown  Rosin,  (F.)  Colopltone,  Colo- 
phane,  Arcanson,  Brai  sec.  The  black  resin, 
which  remains  in  the  retort,  after  the  distilla- 
tion, by  means  of  a  strong  fire,  of  common  tur- 
pentine. It  is  used  like  the  turpentines  in 
general,  and  in  some  pharmaceutical  prepara- 
tions. 

COLOPHONY,  Colophonia. 

COLOQULXTE.  Cucumus  colocynthis. 

COLOQUINT1DA,  Cucumus  colocynthis. 

COLOR  VIRGINEUS  PALLIDUS,  Chlo- 
rosis— c.  Virginum  foedus,  Chlorosis. 

COLORECTITIS.  Dysentery. 

COLOSTRA'TJON.  CWojsWri'o.  The  dis- 
eases of  new-born  children,  attributable  to  the 
coh  strum. 

COLOSTRUM,  Colos'tra,  Colbstrum,  Cohuf- 
Irum,  Tropli'uhs,  Protog'ala,  JYeog'ala,  (Biest- 
ings  or  Delistings  in  the  cow.  &c  ,)  from 
y.u/.uv,  'food,'  (?)  (F.)  Bilon.  The  first  milk 
after  accouchement.  It  contains  more  serum 
and  butter, and  less  raseum  than  common  milk; 
and  seems  to  possess  an  evacnant  property, 
which  renders  it  tit  to  aid  in  the  expulsion  of 
the  meconium.  Colostrum  formerly  meant  an 
emulsion  prepared  of  turpentine  and  yolk  of 
egor 

COLOUR  BLINDNESS,  Achromatopsia. 

COLOURS,  ACCIDENTAL.  Opposite  co- 
lours, Complementary  and  Harmonic  colours.  If 
the  eye  have  been  for  some  time  regarding  a  par- 
ticular colour,  the  retina  becomes  insensible  to 
this  colour;  and  if,  afterwards,  it  he  turned  to 
a  sheet  of  white  paper,  the  paper  will  not  seem 
to  be  white,  but  will  be  of  the  colour  that 
arises  from  the  union  of  all  the  rays  of  the  so- 
lar spectrum,  except  the  one  to  which  the  re- 
tina has  become  insensible.  Thus,  if  the  eye 
be  directed  for  some  time,  to  a  red  wafer,  the 
sheet  of  paper  will  seem  to  be  of  a  bluish- green, 
in  a  circular  spot  of  the  same  dimensions  as  the 
wafer.  This  bluish-green  image  is  called  an 
ocular  spectrum,  because  it  is  impressed  upon 
the  eye  and  may  he  retained  for  a  short  time; 
and  the  colour  bluish  green,  is  said  to  be  the 
accidental  colour  of  the  red.  If  this  experiment 
be  made  with  wafers  of  different  colours,  other 
accidental  colours  will  be  observed,  varvintr 
with  the  colour  of  the  wafer  employed,  as  in 
the  following  table; — 

Colour  of  the  Accidental  colour,  or  colour  of 

Water.  the  ocular  spectrum. 

Red Bluish-green. 

Orange Blue 

Yellow Indisro. 

Oi  e.en Violet,  with  a  little  red. 

Blue Orange  red 

Imligu Oranae  yellow. 

Violit Yellow-green. 

Black White. 

While Black. 

If  all  the  colours  of  the  spectrum  be  ranged 
in  a  circle.,  in  the  proportions  they  hold  in  the 
spectrum  itself,  the  accidental  colour  of  any 
particular  colour  will  be  found  directly  oppo- 


site. Hence,  the  two  colours  have  been  termed 
opposite  colours.  It  will  follow  from  what  has 
been  said,  that  if  the  primary  colour,  or  that  to 
which  the  eye  has  been  first  directed,  be  added 
to  the  accidental  colour,  the  lesult  must  he 
the  same  impression  as  that  produced  by  the 
union  of  all  the  rays  of  the  spectrum — while 
light.  The  accidental  colour,  in  other  words, 
is  what  the  primitive  colour  requires  to  make 
it  white  light.  The  primitive  and  accidental 
colours  are,  therefore,  complements  of  each  other; 
and  hence  accidental  colours  have  also  been 
called  complementary  colours.  They  have  like- 
wise been  termed  harmonic,  because  the  primi- 
tive and  its  accidental  colour  harmonize  with 
each  other  in  painting. 

COLPATRE'SIA,  Elytratre'sia  from  xoJt.-roc, 
'  vagina,'  and  arptjog,  'without  opening.'  1m. 
perforation  of  the  vagina. 

COLPEURYNTER,  Speculum  vagina;. 

COLPITIS,  Colposis. 

COLPOITO'SIS,  from  xoliree, '  the  vagina,' 
and  TtTwoig,  'fall.'      Prolapsus  of  the  vagina, 

(q  v.) 

COLPORRHA'GIA,  from  xoXnoc,  'vagina,' 
and  grryrvpi.it,  '  I  break  forth.'  Discharge  of 
blood  from  the  vagina. 

COLPORRHAPHY,  Elytrorrhaphy. 

COLPOS.  Sinus,  Vagina. 

COLPO'SIS.  Inflammation  of  the  vagina. 
Synonymous  with  Ehjfroi'tis,Elylri'tis,Cote'i'tis, 
Colpi'tis.     See  Leucoi  rhcea. 

COLPOSTEGNO  SIS,  from  xaXnog, 'vagina,' 
and  oifj-votn,  '  1  close.'  Atresia,  or  obliteration 
of  the  varrina. 

COLTS  FOOT,  Asarum  Canadense,  Tussi- 
lago. 

COL'UBERBERUS.  The  systematic  name 
of  the  viper,  Vi'pera,  (F.)  Coultvvre,  Vipere. 
A  poisonous  reptile — the  poison  lying  in  small 
sacs  near  its  teeth.  The  flesh  is  innocent,  and 
has  been  often  taken  in  scrofula,  and  in  cuta- 
neous disorders  in  general,  but  it  is  ineffica- 
cious. 

COLUBRINA  DRACONTIA,  Arumdracun- 
culus — c.  Lusitanica,  Euphorbia  capitata— c. 
Virginiana.  Aristolochia  serpentaria. 

COLUM.  Colon. 

COLUMBINE,  Aquilegia  vulgaris. 

COLUMBO,  Calumba  —  c.  American,  see 
Calumba — c.  Marietta,  see  Calumba. 

COLUMELLA,  Pillar,  Uvula. 

COLUM'NA,  Column,  (F  )  Colonne.  Ana- 
tomists use  this  word  for  parts  which  resemble 
a  column  or  pillar,  (q.  v  ) 

Columna  Adstans  Inouinikus,  Penis— c. 
Dorsi,  Vertebral  column  — c.  Oris.  Uvula— c. 
Spinalis,  Vertebral  column — c.  Virginitatis, 
Hymen — c.  Foraminis  ovalis,  see  Ovalis  fossa 
— c.  Valvules  Vieussenii,  see  Valvula  Vieusse- 
nii — c.  Vertehralis,  Vertebral  column. 

COLUM'NA  CAR'NE^E,  Colvm'nm  Cord's, 
Lac.er'ti  vel  Lacer'lali  vel  Fanes  vel  Fascic'uli 
te/etes  Cordis,  Trades  Cordis,  (F.)  Cnlunnes 
charnues  dit  rastir.  Small,  fleshy  columns,  which 
project,  more  or  less,  into  the  auricles  and  ven- 
tricles of  the  heart,  whose  use  appears  In  be  to 
prevent  too  great  dilatation  of  those  cavities. 

Colcm'Nj'e  Nasi.  The  cartilaginous  part  of 
the  septum  of  the  nostrils 

COI.U  vi  N  EA    LONGI  FOLIA,  Bahel. 

COLUMNS  OF  MORGAGNI  ou  OF  THE 
RECTUM,  see  Rectum. 


COLUS  JOVI8 


1- 


COMMUNICANS 


COLUS  JOVIS,  Salvia  sclarea. 

COLU8TRUM,  Colostrum. 

COLU'TEA  i?RBORES'OENS,B/adtfej  Senna. 

(F.)  Baguenattdier,  Faux  Sdne.  Fam.  Legumi- 
nosie  Sex.  Syst.  Diadelphia  Deciindria.  'l'he 
leaves  are  slightly  purgative,  and  are  often 
mixed  with  those  of  the  cassia  senna. 

COLUVRIJVE  DE  VIRG1ME,  Aristolochia 
serpen  taria. 

COLYM'BADES,  Pfckkd  Olives.  These, 
when  bruised  and  applied  to  a  burnt  part,  were 
supposed  to  be  able  to  prevent  vesication. —  Di- 
oscorides. 

COMA,  y.u)/i/.a.  A  profound  state  of  sleep, 
from  which  it  is  extremely  difficult  to  rouse 
the  individual.  It  is  a  symptom  which  occurs 
in  many  diseases.  Two  varieties  are  distin- 
guished, 1.  The  Coma  vigil,  Coma  agrypno'des, 
Pervigilium,  Vigil'ias  nim'ise,  Typho'nia,  Veter'- 
nvs,  Agrypnoco'ma,  Cams  lelliar'gus  vigil,  Ty- 
phoma'nia,  (q.  v.)  which  is  accompanied  with 
delirium.  The  patient  has  his  eyes  closed,  bul 
opens  them  when  called  ;  and  closes  them  again 
immediately.  This  state  is  accompanied  with 
considerable  restlessness.  2.  Coma  Somnolen'- 
tum,  C.  Comato'dr.s ; — in  which  the  patient 
speaks  when  roused,  but  remains  silent  and 
immovable  in  the  intervals.  Coma  is  a  deeper 
sleep  than  sopor,  but  less  so  than  lethargy  and 
car  us. 

Coma,  Capillus — c.  Apoplexia,  Apoplexy — c. 
Capsarea,  Plica — c.  Somnolentum,  Somnolency. 

COMACON,  Myristica  moschata. 

COMAROS,  Arbutus  unedo. 

CO'MATA,  from  xcui/«,  Diseases  character- 
ized by  diminution  of  the  powers  of  voluntary 
motion,  with  sleep  or  impaired  state  of  the 
senses. — Cullen. 

COMATEUX,  Comatose. 

COMATODES,  Comatose. 

COM'ATOSE,  Comato'des,  (F.)  Comaleux. 
Relating  to  or  resembling  coma: — as  comatose 
sleep,  comatose  fever,  &c. 

COMBUSTIBILITY,  PRETERNATURAL, 
Combustion,  human. 

COMBUSTIO,  Burn. 

COMBUSTION,  HUMAN,  Spontaneous  Com- 
bustion, or  Preternatural  Combustibility,  Cata- 
cau'sis,  Inccn'dium  sponta'tieum.  Catac.au'sis 
fbrio'sa,  (F.)  Combustion  Itumaine,  C.  sponlnnce. 
These  terms  have  been  applied  to  the  extraor- 
dinary phenomenon  of  a  rapid  destruction  of 
the  human  body,  (being  reduced  to  ashes,) 
either  spontaneously  or  by  the  contact  of  an 
ignited  substance.  It  is  said  to  have  always 
occurred  in  the  aged,  and  in  those  that  were 
fat  and  hard  drinkers.  In  such,  Dr.  Traill  has 
found  a  considerable  quantity  of  oil  in  the  se- 
rum of  the  blood.  Vicq  d'Azyr,  Lair,  and  Du- 
puytren  think  it  necessary,  that  the  body  should 
be  placed  in  contact,  with  an  ignited  substance. 
Le  Cat,  Kopp,  and  Marc  are  of  opinion  that 
this  is  not  necessary.  The  former  appears  to 
be  the  true  view. 

COMBUSTURA,  Bum. 

COMEDONES,  see  Acne. 

COMES  ARCHIATRORUM,  see  Exarchi- 
aler. 

COMESTIBLE,  (F.)  Edu'Hs,  from  eomedere, 
'  to  eat.'  Eatable,  (F.)  Edule.  Esculent  (q.  v.) 
When  this  word  is  used  substantively, in  French 
as  in  English,  it  means  solid  fond. 

COMEZ.     Haifa  drop.— Ruland. 
13 


COMFREY,  Symphytum— c.  Spotted,  Pu!- 
monaria. 

COMISTE,  Aliment. 

COM  MA  NDUCATIO,  Mastication. 

CO  M  M  EM'O  R  ATI  VE.  Commemoruli'vus, 
from  comuicmorare,  (con  and  memor,)  'to  cause 
to  remember.'  That  which  recalls,  or  rather 
which  is  recalled. 

Commemorative  Signs,  (F.)  S:gnes  comme- 
moratifs  are  those,  deduced  from  circumstances 
which  have  gone  before:  or  rather,  according 
to  others,  those  which  point  out  the  preceding- 
condition  of  the  patient.  They  are  also  called 
Anamnes'tic  sians. 

COMMERCIUM,  Sympathy. 

COMMI.  Gummi. 

COM'MINUTED,  Comminu'tus,  from  commi- 
nuere,  (con  and  minuo,)  'to  break  to  pieces.'  (F.) 
Comminutif.  A  comminuted  fracture  is  one  in 
which  the  bone  is  broken  into  a  number  of 
pieces. 

COMMINUTION,  Comminu'lio,  Thrypsis, 
Leio'sis.  Same  etymon.  Fracture  of  a  bone 
into  a  number  of  pieces. 

COMM1SSURA,  Articulation— c.  Magna  ce- 
rebri, Corpus  callosum — c.  Ossium  carnea,  Sys- 
sarcosis. 

COMMISSURAL;  same  etymon  as  com- 
missure.    Of  or  belonging  to  a  commissure. 

COM'MISSURE.  Covimissu'ra,  Compa'ges, 
Compagina'tio,  Sym'pliysis,  Sym'bole ;  from  com- 
mit'to,  (con  and  initto,)  'I  join  together.'  A 
point  of  union  between  two  parts:  thus,  the 
commissures  of  the  eyelids,  lips,  &c,  are  the 
angles,  which  they  form  at  the  place  of  union. 

Com'missuke,  Ante'rior,  of  the  Brain. 
Commissu'ra  anle'rior  ce/ebri,  (F.)  Commissure 
antirieurc  du  cerveau.  A  small  medullary  fas- 
ciculus, situate  transversely  at  the  anterior 
part  of  thelhird  ventricle,  and  uniting  the  two 
hemispheres. 

Commissure,  Great,  of  the  Brain,  Com- 
missu'ra Magna  Cer'ehri,  (F.)  Grande  commis- 
sure du  cerveau,  which  unites  the  two  hemi- 
spheres for  some  extent,  is  the  Corpus  callo'sum.. 

Commissure,  Oblique  or  Intercericbral.. 
see  Valvula  Vieussenii. 

Commissure,  Posterior,  of  the  Brain.  A 
similar  medullary  band,  situate  at  the  posterior 
part  of  the  third  or  middle  ventricle. 

Commissure  of  the  Uvea,  Ciliary  licrament. 

COMMISSURE  DE  LA  CHOROWE,  Ci- 
liary ligament. 

COMMO'SIS,  from  xopfiom,  'I  adorn.'  The 
art  of  concealing  natural  deformities,  as  by 
painting  the  face.     See,  also,  Propolis. 

COMMOTICE,  in  the  older  writers,  meant 
the  art  of  communicating  factitious  beauty  to  a 
person  — Painting  the  face, —  Comopor'ia. 

COMMOTIO,  Motion. 

COMMOTION,  Concussion— c.  du  Cerveau, 
Concussion  of  the  brain. 

COMMU'NICANS,  from  communis,  'com- 
mon.' Conjun' gens.  That  which  communi- 
cates or  establishes  a  communication.  Com- 
mu'nicant.  There  are  two  Jirtcrias  Coiniuiini- 
can'tes;  both  within  the  cranium;  the  one  ante- 
rior, very  short,  and  extending  transversely 
from  one  anterior  cerebral  artery  to  the  other, — 
the  other  posterior,  called  also  Conimu'nicarts 
Wilfis'ii,  whitm  passes  from  the  internal  carotid 
to  the  posterior  cerebral  artery.  It  is  a  branch 
of  the  basilary. 


COMPACT 


186 


COMPRESSOR  NARIS 


COMPACT,  Compac'tus,  from  con  and  pan- 
gr.re,  •  to  strike,  to  fix.'  Solid,  close,  (F.)  Com- 
/Jitclc.  Tlie  term  Compact  Tissue  is  given  to 
the  hardest  and  closest  parts  of  bone. 

COM  PAGES,  Articulation,  Commissure — c. 
Verlebrarum,  Vertebral  column. 

COMPA GIN ATIO,  Commissure. 

COMPAS DltPsllSSEUR,  see  Pelvimeter. 

COMPASSIO,  Sympathy. 

COMPEBA,  Piper  cubeba. 

COMPEPER,  Piper  cubeba. 

COMPER'NIS;  from  cm, and  pcrna,  'a  gam- 
mon of  bacon  with  the  leg  on.'  One  who  has 
his  knees  turned  inwards.  A  case  of  distortion 
of  the  legs. 

-COM  PLETIO.  Plethora. 

COMPLEX,  Compkx'us,  from  con,  'with,' 
and  plectere,  '  to  twist.'  Embracing  several 
distinct  things.  Chaussier  uses  this  term  in 
his  anatomical  descriptions  for  complicated. 

COMPLEXIO,  Coition,  Confusio,  Tempera- 
ment. 

COMPLEX'ION,  Complex'io.  This  is  often 
employed,  in  English,  for  the  colour  of  the 
face,  as  ';  lie  has  a  good  complexion." — a  "  sallow 
complexion"  &c.  It  formerly  had  a  more  ex- 
tensive  signification,  and  still  has  in  France. 
It  signifies  the  aggregate  of  physical  characters 
presented  by  any  individual:  considered  with 
respect  to  his  external  arrangement  or  condi- 
tion. It  means  more  than  tonstitulion,  for 
which  it  is  used  synonymously  in  many  cases; 
f.nd  differs  from  temperament,  which  is  less  the 
external  condition  of  the  body  than  the  stale  or 
disposition  of  the  organs  in  health. — H.Cloquet. 

COMPLEX'US,  Complex. 

Complexus  Minor, Mastoideus latera'lis,  Tia- 
rhe' '  la-ma  si  diil  cos,  ( F.)  Truck6lo-mastotdien,Mus- 
cle  :■  tit  Complexus.  It  aiises  from  the  trans- 
verse processes  of  the  last  four  cervical  verte- 
bras, and  is  inserted  into  the  mastoid  process. 

Complexes  Mus'cl  lis,  Biven'ter  Cervi'cis, 
Complexus  Major,  Dorsutracliclon-occipital,  Tra- 
rhelo  occipital  (Ch  )  (F\)  Muscle  grand  complexus, 
A  muscle,  situate  at  the  hind  part  of  the  neck, 
where  it  extends  from  the  interval  that  sepa- 
rates the  two  prominent  ridges  on  the  posterior 
surface  of  the  os  occipitis  to  the  transverse  and 
articular  processes  of  the  last  six  cervical  ver- 
tebra;, as  well  as  to  those  of  the  first  five  dorsal. 
It  serves  to  straighten,  incline,  and  turn  the 
head 

COMPLICATION,  Complicate),  from  row, 
'with,1  and  plica  re,  'to  fold.'  In  medicine,  it 
means  the  presence  of  several  diseases,  or  of  se- 
veral adventitious  circumstances,  foreign  to  the 
prim  i r v  disease 

COMPOSITION,  Composil"!o,  from  compo- 

ncre,  (con  and  ponere,  '  to  place,')  '  to  place  to- 
gether.' Syii' thesis.  The  act  of  composing  or 
compounding.  Also,  the  Compound,  Campos'- 
itum,  or  thing  compounded.  Likewise,  a  com- 
b  nation. 

COM POSITUM,  Compound. 

TO  COMPOUND.  Same  etymology;  to  mix 
medicines.  To  mingle  different  ingredients 
into  one  whole.  Used  adjectivelv,  Cajnpound 
signifies  the  resell  of  the  union  of  several  me- 
dicinal agents,  as  -  a  compound  medicine.'' 

COMPREHENSIO,  Catalepsy. 

OOM'PRESS,  Compres'su,  Splefnium,  Phi'- 
g- a  la,  Penicil'lum,  Penicfulum,  from  comprim'ere. 
(-0//,  and  premere,  'to  press,')  'to  press  toge- 


ther.' (F.)  Cornpresse.  Folded  pieces  of  lint 
or  rag,  so  contrived  as,  by  the  aid  of  a  bandage, 
to  make  due  pressure  upon  any^iart.  Accord- 
ing to  their  shape,  direction,  and  use,  com- 
presses have  been  called  long  (  (F.)  laagaeltes,) 
square  (carrecs,)  triangular,  prismatic,  gradu- 
ated {gradue.es,)  split  {)  endues,)  f metrics,  crib- 
lees,  croix  dc  Make,  oblique.,  circular,  dividing 
{divisites,)  uniting  (unisantes,)  cribriform,  (q.  v.) 
&c. 

COMPRESSEUR  DE  DUPUV  TREjV,  Com- 
pressor of  Dupuylren — c.  du  J\'ez,  Compressor 
nasi — c.  ele.  la  Prostate,  Compressor  prostata:. 

COMPRESSIO,  Thiipsis. 

COMPRES'SION,  Cvmpres'sio,  Enerei'sis. 
Same  etymology.  Pressure,  Methodical  com- 
pression. An  agent  frequently  had  recourse 
to  in  surgery.  We  compress  a  limb,  affect- 
ed with  ccdcnia,  varices,  hydrops  articuli,  cal- 
lous ulcer,  &,c.  The  abdomen  is  compressed 
after  delivery,  after  paracentesis  abdominis,  &c. 
The  compression  is  produced  by  means  of  the 
roller,  laced  stocking,  &c  according  to  the  part, 
and  to  the  particular  case.  Moderate  pressure 
aids  the  contractility  of  parts,  and  excites  the 
action  of  the  absorbents;  so  that  large  tumours 
at  times  disappear  after  it  has  been  used  for 
some  time.  A  greater  degree  of  pressure  oc- 
casions, still  mote,  the  emaciation  of  the  part, 
but  it  is  apt  to  impede  the  circulation.  Pres- 
suie  is  often  used  to  stop  or  moderate  the  flow 
of  blood  in  cases  of  aneurism  or  wounds  of  ar- 
teries and  veins.  In  such  cases,  the  compres- 
sion may  he  immediate,  when  applied  upon  the 
artery  itself,  or  it  may  be  mediate,  when  ap- 
plied through  the  integuments  and  soft  parts. 
The  French  use  the  term — Compression  imme- 
diate latiralc — for  that  which  is  exerted  perpen- 
dicularly to  the  axis  of  a  vessel,  so  as  to  flatten 
its  sides  It  is  practised  with  the  finger,  for- 
ceps, tourniquet,  compresses,  &c. 

Compuks'sio.n  oftiif.  Brain.  This  may  arise 
either  from  coagula  of  blood,  a  solt  tumour,  a 
bony  excrescence,  a  depressed  portion  of  the 
skull,  or  the  presence  of  some  foreign  body. 
The  effects  vary,  according  as  the  compression 
takes  place  suddin'y  or  gradually.  When  sud- 
denly, the  symptoms  are  of  the  comatose  or  apo- 
plectic character.  When  gradually,  mania, 
convulsions,  cVc  ,  are  more  likely  to  occur. 
Compression,  arising  from  a  depressed  portion 
]  of  skull,  requires  the  use  of  the  trephine. 

C O MPR  E S'S  1  V  E,  Compressive.  That 
which  compresses.  A  coptpressive  bandage  is 
one  that  compresses  the  parts  to  which  it  is  ap- 
plied. 

COMPRESSOR  OF  DUPUYTREN,  (F.) 
Compresseur  de Dupuylren.  An  instrument  for 
compressing  the  femoral  artery,  invented  by 
Dupuytren.  It  is  constructed  on  the  same  prin- 
ciples ns  the  tourniquet  of  J  L.  Petit,  from 
which  it  only  differs  in  this  respect; — that,  in- 
stead of  being  maintained  in  its  place  by  a  strap, 
which  always  compresses  nmre  or  less  the  cir- 
cumference of  the  limb,  the  two  pads  are 
placed  at  the  extremities  of  a  semicircle  of 
steel,  which,  by  passing  from  one  to  the  other 
without  touching  the  parts,  limits  the  pressure 
to  two  opposite  points  of  the  thigh,  and  per- 
mits the  collateral  circulation  to  go  on 

Compressor  Naris,  Ri  nsdus,  Nusa'lis,  Trans- 
versa'! s  JYV/SJ,  Myrtifur' mis,  Ddutalo  res  ula'ruui 
nasi,   Constrictor  Nasi,   V.  Nurium,  C.  Naris, 


COMPRESSOR  OR  CONSTRICTOR,  &c.  187 


CONCREMATIO 


Triangnlafris  Nasi,  (F.)  Maxillo-narinal,  Sus- 
hi it  xil !n-nii  sal. —  (Ch.J  Compresseur  du  nez. 
Transversal  dli  ncz.  A  muscle,  situate  at  the 
sides  of  the  nose;  flatarul  triangular.  It  arises 
from  the  inner  part  of  the  fossa  canina,  and 
passes  to  the  dorsum  of  the  nose;  where  it  is 
confounded  with  that  of  the  opposite  side. 

Compressor  or  Constrictor  of  Nuck.  An 
instrument  for  compressing  the  urethra,  to  ob- 
viate incontinence  of  urine.  It  consists  of  a 
girdle  of  iron,  which  surrounds  the  pelvis,  to 
which  is  fixed  a  plate  of  the  same  metal,  that 
compresses  the  urethra  in  perinxo. 

Compressor  Y  ros't  .\tf.  ,  P  rostat'  icus  supe'rior, 
Pubio  prostat'icus,  Sub-pubio-prostat'  icus,  (F  ) 
Compresseur  de  la  prostate.  A  muscle,  ad- 
mitted by  Albinus.  which  is  formed  of  the  an- 
terior fibres  of  the  Levator  ani,  that  embrace  the 
prostate.  It  is  the  Prostat'icus  supe'rior  of 
Wis  slow. 

Compressor  Urf/thr/e.  A  muscle  consist- 
ing of  two  portions — one  of  which  is  transverse 
in  its  direction,  and  in  consequence  of  its 
having  been  particularly  described  by  Mr.  Guth- 
rie, has  been  called  Guthrie's  muscle,  ft  arises 
from  the  ramus  of  the  ischium,  and  passes  in- 
wards to  embrace  the  membranous  urethra. 
The  other  portion  is  perpendicular,  descending 
from  the  pubis  and  passing  down  to  be  inserted 
into  the  transverse  portion  of  the  muscle.  This 
portion  has  been  considered  by  many  to  be 
only  the  anterior  fibres  of  the  levator  ani. 
Having  been  described  by  Mr.  Wilson,  it  has 
been  called  Wilson's  muscle. 

COMPTO'NIA  ASPLENIFO'LIA,  Liqui- 
diiin'/inr  pcregrifna,  L.  asp/cuifii'lia,  Mijoica  as- 
plenifo'lia,  Strict  Fern,  Shrubby  Sweet  Fem,  Suceet 
busk,  Ft  i  n  bush.  Fern  gale,  Spleenwort  bush, 
Meadow  fern,  Astringent  root.  An  indigenous 
shrubby  plant,  which  grows  in  sandy  or  stony 
woods  from  New  England  to  Virginia.  It  pos- 
sesses tonic  and  astringent  properties,  and  is 
used  as  a  domestic  remedy  in  diarrhoea,  &c,  in 
the  form  of  decoction. 

COMPUNCTIO,  Paracentesis,  Puncturing 

CONjESTKESIS,  Cosnassthesis. 

OONARIUM,  Pineal  gland. 

CONATUS,  Effort. 

CONCASSER,  (F.)  from  conquassare,  (con, 
and  q  it  assure,  'to  shake  much,')  'to  break 
to  pieces;'  'to  comminute.'  To  reduce  roots, 
woods,  &c.  into  small  fragments,  in  older  that 
their  active  principles  may  be  more  readily  se- 
parated from  them. 

CONCAU'SA  or  CONCAUS'SA,  Synx'tion. 
A  cause  which  co-operates  with  another,  in  the 
production  of  disease. 

CONOAVITAS  COiNCHULARIS'  CERE 
BRI.  Infiindibnlum  of  the  brain. 

CONCAY'UM  PEDIS,  Sole. 

CONOENTRAN'TIA,  from  con  and  centrum, 
'a  centre. '  A  name  once  given  to  acids  and 
absorbents. 

CONCENTRATION,  Concenfra'ho.  A  word 
sometimes  used, in  medical  theories,  to  express 
an  afflux  of  fluids,  or  a  convergence  of  sensi- 
bility or  of  vital  force,  towards  an  organ.  It  is 
applied,  also,  to  the  pulsation  of  arteries,  when 
not  easily  felt  under  the  fincrer. 

FOULS  CONCEJYTRd,  (F.)  is  a  term  ap- 
plied by  the  French  to  a  pulse  of  the  above 
character. 


CONCEPTACULASEMLNARIA,VesicultB 
seminarife. 

CONCEPTACULUM.  Uterus. 

CONCEPTIO  VITIOSA,  Pregnancy,  extra- 
uterine. 

CONCEP'TION,  Conccp'lh,  Cye'sis,  from 
concipio,  (con  and  capio,)  'I  conceive.'  The  im- 
pregnation of  the  ovum  in  the  ovarium,  by  the 
positive  contact  of  the  male  sperm,  whence  re- 
sults a  new  being.  In  order  that  conception 
may  take  place,  it  is  necessary  that  there  should 
be  a  uterus,  and  that  the  female  should  be  ca- 
pable of  menstruating  in  a  healthy  manner. 
There  is  every  reason,  also,  to  believe  that, 
occasionally,  the  male  sperm  is  not  fecundating; 
but  of  this  we  know  little.  The  whole  subject 
of  conception  is  a  most  mysterious  one.  It 
seems  to  occur  as  follows.  During  the  sexual 
union,  the  male  sperm  passes  along  the  uterus 
and  Fallopian  tubes:  the  fimbriated  extremities 
of  the  latter  seize  hold  of  the  ovarium  ;  and  the 
sperm  in  this  manner  domes  in  contact  with  an 
ovum,  and  impregnates  it.  The  fecundated 
ovum  remains  some  time  in  the  ovarium. butat 
length  bursts  its  covering,  is  laid  hold  of  by  the 
fimbriated  extremity  of  the  Fallopian  tube,  and 
passes  along  the  tube  into  the  cavity  of  the  ute- 
rus, where  it  remains  for  the  full  period  of  ute- 
ro  gestation. 

Concep'tion,  False.  Fuifus  Concep'tus,  Spu'- 
rium  germen,  (F.)  Fuusse  conception,  Faux 
gernte.  An  irregular,  preternatural  conception, 
the  result  of  which  is  a  mole  or  some  similar 
production,  instead  of  a  properly  organized 
foetus.     See  Mole. 

CONCEP'TUS.  The  first  rudiments  of  the 
foetus,  after  conception. 

Conckptus  Falsus.  Conception,  false. 

CONCHA,  xvy^i\.  A  liquid  measure, amongst 
the  Athenians,  equal  to  half  an  ounce.  Anato- 
mists apply  this  term  to  several  hollow  parts  of 
the  body; — as  the  Concha  of  the  Eur, —  Concha 
Auris,  Concha  auric'iilw;  (F  )  Con  que,  the  hol- 
low part  of  the  cartilage  of  the  external  ear.  It 
has,  also,  been  applied  to  the  genital  organs  of 
the  female;  to  the  patella,  &c. 

Concha,  Patella,  Turbinated  bone,  (middle.) 
Vulva — c.  Auris  interna.  Cochlea — c.  Cerebri, 
Infundibulum  of  the  brain — c.  Inferior,  Turbi- 
nated bone,  (inferior) — c.  Labyrinthi,  Cochlea. 

CONCHA  NARIUM,  Turbinated  bones. 

CONOUA'RUM  ANTIFEBRl'LE,  A  febri- 
fuge and  sudorific  preparation  in  Bates's  IJhar- 
macoparia.  It  was  composed  of  vinegar,  mus- 
sel shells,  and  water  of  Carduus  benedictus. 

CONCHO- II  KLIX.  A  small,  fleshy,  fascicu- 
lus, attached  to  the  concha  of  (he  ear  and  helix. 
It  is  also  called  the  small  muscle  of  the  helix. 

CONCHUS,  xoy/oc.  The  cranium,  (q.  v.)  In 
the  plural,  it  means  the  orbi  tar  cavities. —  Caste  Hi. 

CONCIIYLIA,  Turbinated  bones. 

CON0IDENT1A,  Collapse.     * 

CONCII/IUM.  A  milky  plant,  referred  to 
by  Pliny  as  aphrodisiac  and  ariti phthisical. 
Adanson  considers  it  to  be  a  Campanula. 

CONCOCTION,  Coction. 

CO41CUMBRE  ORDWA1RE,  Cucumissati- 
vus — c.  Sawn  ire,  Momordica  elaterium. 

CONCOM'ITANT,  Concom'ilans,  from  con 
and  comitare,  (itself  from  comire, — cum  and 
lire,)  'to  go  with.'  That  which  accompanies. 
A  symptom  which  accompanies  others. 

CONCREMATIO,  Calcination. 


CONCRETIO 


188 


CONDYLOID  FORAMINA 


CONCRETIO,  Adherence — c.  Alvina,  see 
Calculus  of  the  stomach  and  intestines. 

CONCRE'TION,  Concreflio,  from  concreseere, 
{ron,  and  crescere,)  'to  condense,  thicken,  be- 
come solid:'  Pcxis,  Sympez'is,  7tjj?«c,  avfinrj^ts- 
'i'iie  act  of  becoming  thick  or  solid.  It  was 
once  used  synonymously  with  adhesion  or 
growing  together, — as,  "concretion  of  the  toes." 
Most  commonly,  it  is  applied  to  extraneous  and 
inorganic  bodies,  of  a  solid  character,  met  with 
in  different  textures,  after  certain  chronic  in- 
flammations; or  which  make  their  appearance 
in  the  joints  or  in  the  reservoirs  for  excremen- 
titial.  fluids.  Concretion  is,  therefore,  frequently 
synonymous  with  Calculus,  and  is  then  ren- 
dered, in  Latin,  by  the  word  concre mention.  But 
Concretion  has  a  more  extensive  signification 
than  Calculus;  thus,  accidental  ossifications  or 
deposits  of  phosphate  of  lime  in  certain  organs, 
and  especially  in  the  liver  and  lungs,  are  pro- 
perly called  osseous  concretions.  They  could 
not  well  be  called  osseous  calculi. 

Concretion,  Fibrinous,  Sanguineous,  Po- 
lypiform  or  Polypus,  of  the  Heart,  see  Po- 
lypus— c.  Intestinalis,  Calculus  of  the  Stomach 
and  Intestines. 

CONCUBITUS,  Coition— c.  Venereus,  Coi- 
tion. 

CONCUIl'SUS,  from  concurrere,  (con,  and 
currere,  cursum,  'to  run,')  'to  meet  together,' 
Syn' drome,  (q.  v.)  The  congeries  or  collection 
of  symptoms,  which  constitute  and  distinguish 
a  particular  disease. 

CONCUS'SION  or  Comma' tion,  from  concu- 
tio,  (con,  and  quatere,  'to  shake,')  'I  shake  to- 
gether.' Concus'sio,  Thlasma  Concus'sio,  (F.) 
Commotion.  In  Surgery,  it  is  used  for  the  agi- 
tation often  communicated  to  one  organ  by  a  fall 
upon  another;  as  to  the  brain  from  a  fall  on  the 
breech,  &c. 

Concussion  of  the  Brain,  Encephalosis'mus, 
(F.)  Commotion  du  Cerveau,  sometimes  gives 
rise  to  alarming  symptoms,  even  to  abolition  of 
the  functions  of  the  brain,  yet  without  any  sen- 
sible organic  disease.  Slight  concussion  of  the 
.brain,  called  stunning,  consists  in  vertigo,  tin- 
nitus aurium,  loss  of  memory,  and  stupefaction  ; 
all  these  being  temporary.  When  more  severe, 
there  is  instant  loss  of  sensation  and  volition, 
vomiting,  the  patient  being  as  if  in  a  sound 
sleep,  but  there  is  no  stertorous  breathing.  Pulse 
variable,  generally  more  rapid  and  feeble  than 
in  compression;  extremities  cold.  Little  can 
be  done  here,  till  reaction  has  occurred:  after 
this,  the  case  must  be  treated  according  to  ge- 
neral principles, — by  bleeding,  blisters,  cold  ap- 
plied to  the  head,  &c.  After  severe  concussion, 
a  patient,  although  apparently  well,  is  not  safe 
till  some  time  after  the  accident. 

CONDENSAN'TIA,  from  con,  and  densus, 
'dense.'  Incrassan' tia, (q. v.)  Medicinesesteem- 
ed  proper  for  inspissating  the  humours. 

CONDENSATIO,  Stegnosis. 

CONDENSATION,  Condensa'do,  Inspissa'- 
tio.  Increase  in  density  of  the  blood  and  other 
liquids,  or  of  the  solids,  which  enter  into  the 
composition  of  the  human  body. 

CON'DIMENT,  Condimen' turn,  Ar'lymn,  He- 
dys'ma,  Conditu'ra,  from  condire,  'to  season.' 
(F.)  Assaissonncmcnt.  Some  substances  are 
called,  at  times,  atiments,  and  at  others,  airnli- 
ments,  according  as  they  constitute  the  basis 
or  the  accessary  to  any  dish:  such  are  cream, 


butter,  mushrooms,  olives,  &c.  Others  are 
always  condiments,  as  they  arc  only  used  to 
improve  the  savour  of  food,  and  contain  but 
little  nutritive  matter.  Such  are  pepper,  sail, 
cinnamon,  &c.  Almost  all  condiments  are  pos- 
sessed of  stimulant  properties. 

COJYDIT,  Confection. 

CONDl'TUM,  same  etymon.  A  pharma- 
ceutical compound  of  wine,  honey,  and  some 
aromatics,  especially  pepper.  Also,  a  confec- 
tion. 

CONDITURA  CADAVERUM,  Embalming. 

CONDOM,  Armour,  (F.)  Baudruclie,  Redin- 
gole  Anglaise,  Gant  des  Dames,  Calotte  d' assu- 
rance. The  intestinum  cscctim  of  a  sheep,  soaked 
for  some  hours  in  water,  turned  inside  out,  ma- 
cerated again  in  weak,  alkaline  ley, — changed 
every  twelve  hours, — and  scraped  carefully  to 
abstract  the  mucous  membrane,  leaving  the 
peritoneal  and  muscular  coats  exposed  to  the 
vapour  of  burning  brimstone,  and  afterwards 
washed  with  soap  and  water.  It  is  then  blown 
up,  dried,  cut  to  the  length  of  7  or  8  inches, 
and  bordered  at  the  open  end  with  a  riband. 
It  is  drawn  over  the  penis  prior  to  coition,  to 
prevent  venereal  infection  and  pregnancy. 

CONDUCTIO,  Tonic  spasm,  Convulsion. 

CONDUCTOR,  Director,  (q.v.)  hinera'rium, 
(F.)  Condueteur;  from  con,  'with,'  and  ducer'e, 
'  to  lead.'  That  which  conducts.  The  Conduc- 
tor was  an  instrument,  formerly  used  in  the 
high  operation  for  the  stone,  for  directing  the 
forceps  into  the  bladder. 

CONDUIT,  Canal—  c.  Auditif  externe,  Audi- 
tory canal,  external — c.  Auditif  interne,  Audi- 
tory canal,  internal  — c.  Auriculaire,  Auditory 
canal,  external — c.  Cholcdoque,  Choledoch  duct 
— c.  Deferent,  Deferens  vas — c.  d' Eustacke,  Eus- 
tachian tube — c.  Gutturale  de  VorciUc,  Eusta- 
chian tube — c.  Lalnjrinthiqvc,  Auditory  canal, 
internal — c.  Pterygoid 'ten,  Pterygoid  canal — c. 
Soi/.sorbitaire,  Suborbitar  canal — c.  Spcrmatiqiie, 
Deferens  (vas) — c.  Tlwracique,  Thoracic  duct 
— r.  Vidien,  Pterygoid  canal. 

COJVDbfTS  ADIPEUX,  Fatty  canals— c. 
Aqueux,  see  Aqueous — c.  Jlcevglrs,  de  I ' urethrc, 
see  Cescus  —  c.  Dentaires,  Dental  canals  —  c. 
Ejaculateurs,  Ejaculatory  ducts — c.  Lacrymavx, 
Lachrymal  ducts — c.  Lactifercs,  Lactiferous  ves- 
sels— c.  Nourriciers,  Canals,  nutritive — c.  Nu- 
triciers,  Canals  nutritive. 

CONDU LODES,  Condyloid. 

CON'DYLE,  Con'chjlc,  Con'dylus,  Caph'ulum, 
'a  knot,  eminence.'  An  articular  eminence, 
round  in  one  direction,  flat  in  the  other.  A  kind 
of  process,  met  with,  more  particularly,  in  the 
ginglymoid  joints; — such  as  the  condyles  of  the 
occipital,  inferior  maxillary  bone.  &c.  Some 
anatomists  have  applied  the  term,  however,  to 
eminences  that  are  not  articular;  as  to  the 
lateral  tuberosities  at  the  inferior  extremity  of 
the  os  humeri,  and  e\en  to  certain  depressions; 
as  to  the  concave,  articular  surfaces  or  faces  at 
the  upper  extremity  of  the  tibia.  Chanssier 
calls  the  transverse  root  of  the  zygomatic  pro- 
cess Condyle  of  the  temporal  bone. 

CONDYLI  DIC1TORUM  MANUS,  Pha- 
langes of  the  fingers. 

CON'DYLOID,  Condyloi'deus,  Condulo'des, 
from  xorSvXog,  a  'condyle,'  and  etdus,  'shape.' 
Having  the  shape  of  a  condyle. 

Condyloid  Foham'ina,  Foram'ina  Condyloi- 


CONDYLOMA 


ISO 


CONFECTIO  SCAMMOJSLE 


<1ta.  (P.)  Trovs  condyhldiens.  (F.)  Fosses  con- 
nnes.  These  are  distinguished  into  ante- 
rior and  posterior.  They  are  four  in  number, 
seated  in  the  occipital  bone;  two  anterior,  and 
two  posterior  to  the  condyles  or  condyloid  pro- 
cesses of  the  same  bone,  and  to  depressions, 
which  are  called  Fossa.  Cvndyloidca. 

As  the  word  Coiulylo'idien  means — !:  that 
which  has  the  shape  of  a  condyle," — it  has  been 
judiciously  proposed,  by  some  French  anato- 
mists, that  condylien  should  be  used  in  prefer- 
ence, in  the  case  of  the  foramina  and  fossa?. 

CONDYLO'MA,  Con'dylus,  from  xovivtog, 
'a  knot,'  'an  eminence.'  A  soft,  fleshy  ex- 
crescence, of  an  indolent  character,  which  ap- 
pears near  the  orifice  of  the  genital  organs  and 
rectum,  and  occasionally  on  the  fingers  and 
toes.  It  is  the  consequence  of  the  syphilitic 
virus.  Such  tumours  are  also  called  Dermo- 
phy'mula  venerea. 

CONDYLUS,  Condyloma. 

CONESSI  CORTEX,  Nerium  antidysen- 
tericum. 

CONFECTIO,  Confec'tion,  from  confi"cio, 
{rem.  and  fac.re,  '  to  make.')  '  I  make  up.' 
Jilig'ulus.  (F.)  Confiture,  Condit.  In  general 
it  means  any  thing  made  up  or  preserved  with 
sugar,  In  the  late  London  Pharmacopoeias,  it 
includes  the  articles  before  called  electuaries 
and  conserves.  Conftdtio  or  Confcc'tum  also 
mea ns  Confectionary. 

Confectio  Alkeuhes.  Alkermes. 

Confectio  Amygijala'rum.  Almond  Confec- 
tion. Almond  Paste,  Pasta  rdgia,  P.  Amygdali'- 
na,  Pasta  Emulsi'ca,  Buty'ium  Amygdala' rum 
Dulcium.  (F.)  Confection  d'Amandes.  (Sweet 
almonds  5j,  <ruiii  acacia  Z],  wliite  sugar  fiiv. 
Blanch  the  almonds,  and  beat  into  a  paste.) 
A  (rood  mode  of  keeping  almonds  in  a  slate  fit 
for  making  emulsions. 

Confectio  Auchic/'eni,  C  Paulina.  (Cas- 
tor, long  pepper,  black  pepper,  storax,  galhanum, 
cos/us,  opium,  of  each  £ss.  saffron  JJij,  syrup  of 
wormwood  gij.)  It  was  much  recommended  as 
a  stimulant  in  nervous  affections. 

Confectio  Aromat'ica,  Eleclua'rium  Aro- 
maticum,  C.  Cardiaca,  C.  Raleigka'na,  Aro- 
mutic' Confection,  Sir  Walter  Raleigh's  Cardial. 
The  following  is  the  Ph.  U.  S.  formula.  (Pulv. 
around.  5vss.(  crori,  in  pulv.  5ss.  syrup  aurant. 
^vj.,  Mil.  despurnat.  Jjij.  Hub  the  aromatic 
i  r  with  the  saffron;  then  nod  the  syiup 
and  honey,  and  heat  together  until  thoroughly 
mixed.)     Dose,  Qj,  to  ^j. 

Confectio  Aurantio'rum,  C.  Auran'tii  CoiJ- 
ticis  (Ph.  U.  S  ),  Conser'va  Cor'ticurn  Auran- 
tiorvm,  C.  Co/ticis  Ezterio'ris  Aurantii  Hispa- 
len'sis,  C.  Flaved'inis  Carticum  Aurantiorutn 
Hispalen'sium,  Conser'va  Aurantii.  C.  Citri 
Aurantii,  Confection  of  the  Orange,  Conserve,  of 
Orange  Peel.  (Yellow  part  of  the  peel  of  the 
d  sugar  Ibiij,  beat  into  a  con- 
serve.) It  is.  stomachic,  and  an  agreeable  ve- 
hicle, corrigent,  and  adjuvant  for  other  reme- 
dies.    Dose,  §ss. 

Confectio  Caiidiaca,  Confectio  aromatica. 

Confectio  Cas'sije,  Electua'rium  Cassise 
Fis'tuhe,  E.  Cassias,  E.  e  Cassia;  E.  laxoti'mim, 
.  a  Cassise,  Electvarium  Cassise  lamarinda'- 
eu  lenitifvum,  Electa' rium  e  Cassia,  Dia- 
cas'sia  cum  Manna,  Cassia  Confection.  (Cassia 
pulp  Ibss,  manna  5*ij,  tamarind  pulp  §j,  syrup 
of  roses  Ibss.     Bruise  the  manna,  dissolve  by 


heat,  mix  the  pulp,  and  evaporate  )  It  i3  gently 
laxative.     Dose,  5ss. 

Confectio  Damocratis,  Mithridate. 

Confectio  Hamec  ; — so  called  from  an  Ara- 
bian physician, —  was  composed  of  the  bark  of 
the  yellow  myrobalans,  black  myrobalans,  violets, 
pulp  of  colocynlh,  the  polypodium  of  the  oak, 
leaves  of  wormwood,  thyme,  aniseed,  fennel,  red 
roses,  pulps  of  prunes,  raisins,  sugar,  honey, 
senna,  rhubarb,  &c.  It  was  used  as  a  purgative 
in  glysters. 

Confectio  Hyacin'thi,  Hy'acinth  Confection, 
Electuarium  seu  Confectio  de  Croco  cmenda'ta 
oliia  dicta  de  hyacin'this  (P.)  A  tonic  and 
slightly  astringent  confection,  composed,  ac- 
cording to  Baunie,  of  terra  sigillata,  crab's 
|  stones,  cinnamon,  leaves  of  the  dittany  of  Crete, 
j  myrrh,  saffron,  syrup  of  lemon,  camphor,  JVar- 
bonne  honey,  oil  of  lemon,  &c. :  and  formerly 
the  hyacinth  was  added,  whence  its  name. 

Confectio  Opii,  Electua'rium  Opia'tum,  Con- 
fectio Opiu'ta,  Philo'niiun  Londinen'sS,  Theriaca 
Edinen'sis,  Philo'nium  Romanum,  Opium  Con- 
fection, Electuarium  Theba'icum,  (Hard  opium 
in  powder,  givss;  Pulv. -aroma  t.  ^vj;  Mel.  des- 
purnat. ^xiv;  mix  thoroughly.  One  grain  of 
opium  in  3G: — Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is  narcotic  and 
stimulant.     Dose,  gr.  x  to  £)j- 

Confectio  Paulina,  Confectio  Archigeni — 
c.  ex  Capitibus  papaveris,  Diacodium. 

Confectio  Pip'eris  Nigri,  Wurd's  Paslefor 
Fistula.  (Black  pepper,  elecampane  root,  each 
lb 7 ,  fennel  seed  ffiiij,  white  sugar  Ibij.)  Dose, 
size  of  a  nutmeg  three  or  four  times  a  day. 

Confectio  Raleighana,  Confectio  aromat- 
ica. 

Confectio  Ros;e  Cani'njs,  (L.)  Conscrva 
Rosas  Caninse,  Conscrva  Cynos'bati,  C.  Cynor- 
rhod.i,  Rob  Cynosbatos,  Confection  or  Conserve 
of  Dog  Rose.  (Pulp  of  dog  rose  Ibj,  sugar  ,5xx. 
Incorporate.)  It  is  chiefly  used  as  a  vehicle  for 
other  remedies. 

Confectio  Rosje  Gai/licje,  (L.)  Conscrva 
Rosa:  Gailica,  Conscrva  Rosse,  C  Florum  Rosa'- 
rum  Rubra'rum,  C.  Florum  Rosse  Rubra,  Rhodo- 
sae'eharum,  C.  Rosa?  Rubra,  .Confection  of  the 
Red  Rose.  (Petals  Ibj,  sugar  Ibiij.)  In  the 
Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States,  (1842,)  the 
Confectio  Rosse  is  directed  to  be  prepared  as 
follows.  Red  Roses,  It)  powder,  ^iv;  Su  gar,  in 
powder,  ^xxx;  Clarified  honey,  ijvj;  Rase  wa- 
ter, f.  ,^viij  Rub  the  roses  with  the  rose  water 
at  a  boiling  heat;  then  add  gradually  the  sugar 
and  honey,  and  beat  until  thoroughly  mixed. 
It  is  astringent,  but  chiefly  used  as  a  vehicle 
for  other  remedies. 

Confectio  Rvtm,  Confection  of  Rue.  (Rue 
leases  dried,  carraway  seeds,  bay  berries,  of  each 
(^iss,  sagapenum  t^iv,  black  pepper  ^ij,  honey 
gxvj.  Mix.)  It  is  given  in  clysters,  as  an  anti- 
spasmodic and  carminative. 

Confectio  de  San'tai.is,  Confection  of  the 
Sanders,  (F.)  Confection  de  Sandaux,  (Sandal 
wood,  red  coral,  bole  urmeuiac,  terra  sigillata, 
kermes  berries,  tormentil  root,  dittany,  saffron, 
myrtle,  red  roses,  calcined  hartshorn ,  doccs.)  It 
was  formerly  used  as  an  astringent. 

Confectio  Scammo'nije,  Electua'rium  Scam- 
rno'ni;,  Electuarium  <  Scammonio,  Caryocosli- 
num,  Confection  of  Scam'mony.  (powdered 
scammony'JTiss,  bruised  cloves,  powdered  ginger, 
aa  gvj,  oil  of  carraway  ^ss,  syrup  of  roses,  q.  s.) 
A  stimulating  cathartic.     Dose,  ^ss  to  3J. 


CONFECTIO  SENNJE 


190 


CONGLOBATE  GLAND 


Confectio  Senn.c,  Electuarivm  Cassia  Sen- 
nse,  E.  Senna  cum  Pulpis,  E.  Sennx  compos'- 
itum,  Benedict  turn  Lozali'vum,  Electuarium 
aperients,  E.  cathol'icum  commu'nS,  E.  diapru'- 

num,  E.  eccoprot'icum,  Elect.  Sennas,  E.  e  Senna, 
E.  leniti'vum,  Confection  of  Senna,  &c.  (Senna 
/eaves  5viij,  figs  Ibj,  tamarind  pulp,  cassia  pulp, 
pulp  of  Frank  prunes,  each  Ibss,  coriander  seed 
,?iv,  liquorice  root  % iij ,  sugar  ibiiss,  water  Oiv. 
Rub  the  senna  and  coriander  together;  sepa- 
rate 10  ounces  of  the  powder  with  a  sieve. 
Boil  the  residue  with  the  figs  and  liquorice 
root  in  the  water  to  one  half;  press  out  the 
liquor,  and  strain.  Evaporate  the  liquor  by 
means  of  a  water  bath  to  a  pint  and  a  halt; 
add  the  sugar,  and  form  a  syrup.  Rub  the  pulps 
with  the  syrup,  gradually  added;  throw  in  the 
sifted  powder,  and  beat  till  thoroughly  mixed — 
Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is  a  laxative,  and  is  used  in  ha- 
bitual constipation,  and  in  constipation  during 
pregnancy.     Dose  £ss  to  Jjss. 

Confectio  de  Thurk,  Frank' incense  Con- 
fection, (F.)  Confection  d' Encens.  A  compound 
of  the  coriander  seeds,  nutmeg,  thus,  liquorice, 
niasticli,  cubels,  prepared  hartshorn,  conserve  of 
red  roses,  sugar,  &,c. 

CONFECTION  D'JiMANDES,  Confection, 
almond — c.  d  Encens,  Confectio  de  Thure — c. 
Frankincense,  Confectio  de  Thure — c.  of  the 
Orange,  Confectio  aurantiorum — c.  of  the  Red 
rose,  Confectio  roser,  Gallicre — c.  of  Rue,  Con- 
fectio rutae — c.  de  Sandaux,  Confectio  de  san- 
talis—  c.  of  the  Sanders,  Confectio  de  santalis. 

CONFECTUM,  Confection. 

CONFERVA  HELMINTHO  CORTOS, 
Corallina  Corsicana. 

Confeu'va  Riva'lis.  This  species  of  River 
Weed  has  been  recommended  in  cases  of  spas- 
modic asthma,  phthisis,  &c. 

CON  FIRM  A  NTI  A,  Tonics. 

CONFITURE,  Confection. 

CON'FLUENT,  Con'fluens,  from  con,  and 
fluere,  'to  flow.'  An  epithet  for  certain  exan- 
thematous  affections,  in  which  the  pimples, 
pustules,  &c,  run  together.  It  is  particularly 
applied  to  small-pox,  so  circumstanced.  Some 
authors  have  called  scarlatina  or  scarlet  fever 
—  Confluent  Measles.  Murbi.l'/i  Confluentes. 

CONFLUENT  DES  SINUS,  Torcular  He- 
rophili. 

CONFLUENTIA,  Confcederaftio;  same  ety- 
mon. A  term,  employed  by  Paracelsus  to  ex- 
press the  concordance  between  a  disease  and 
its  remedies. 

CONFLUXIO,  Sympathy. 

OONF03DERATIO,  Confluentia. 

CONFORMATION,  Conformalio,  Diap'la- 
sis,  from  conforrnare,  (con,  and  formare,  '  to 
form,')  'to  arrange,'  'dispose.'  The  natural 
disposition  or  arrangement  of  the  body.  Faulty 
conformation,  (F.)  Vice  de  conformation,  is  vice 
of  original  formation;— existing,  of  course,  from 
birth.  In  French  surgery,  Conformation,  is 
used  synonymously  with  Coaptation,  and  both 
it,  ])i<i  pi  axis  and  .inaplasis,  mean,  also,  restora- 
tion to  the  original  f.um — as  in  fractures,  &c. 

CONFORTANTIA.  Tonics. 

CONFORTAT1VA,  Tonics. 

CONFORTER,  (F  )  Confirma'rl,  Conforta'- 
re,  Corrobora're.  To  make  stronger — to  give 
energy.  Comforter  I estomac,  'to  strengthen 
the  stomach.' 

CONFRICA'TION,  Confrica'lio,  from  covfri- 


care  (con,  and  fricare.  'to  rub.')  The  action  of 
reducing  a  friable  substance  to  powder,  by  rub- 
bing it  between  the  fingeis;  and  of  expressing 
the  juice  of  a  plant  with  the  hand. 

CONFRICA'TRIX;  from  con, '  with,'  and  fri- 
care, '  to  rub.'  A  female  who  practises  mas- 
turbation. 

CONFU'SJE  FEB  RES.  Intermittent, 
whose  paroxysms  are  irregular  and  confused. — 
Bellini. 

CONFU'SIO,  from  confundo,  (con  and  fan- 
dere,  '  to  pour. 'J  '  1  mix  together;'  Syn'chysis. 
A  disease  of  the  eye,  which  consists  in  the  mix- 
ture of  the  humours. —  Galen.  It  lias,  also, 
been  used  synonymously  with  Complezio. 

CONG  ELANT1A,  Congelatiya. 

CONGELATIO,  Catalepsy. 

CONGELATION,  Congeldtio,  Conglacia'tio, 
Ge.lu'iio,  from  congelo,  (con  and  gelare,)  '  I  con- 
geal,' '  I  freeze.'  The  action  of  congealing,  of 
passing  to  the  solid  state  by  the  abstraction  of 
heat;  as  congelation  of  water,  mercury,  Sec. 
The  term  had  once  other  acceptations.  1.  It 
was  synonymous  with  concretion.  2.  W,ilh  co- 
agulation, in  which  sense  it  is  still  occasionally 
employed.  3.  The  ancients  called  all  diseases. 
produced  by  cold,  congelations, as  well  as  those 
in  which  there  was  a  kind  of  stupor  or  torpor— 
particularly  caialepsy.     Also,  Frost-bite. 

CONGELATl'VA  MEDICAMENTA,  Con- 
glutinan'tia,  Congelan'tia.  Medicines,  consi- 
dered capable  of  uniting,  or  consolidating 
wounds,  etc. 

CON'GENER,  Congen! crou s ,from con , '  with,' 
and  genus,  'kind.'  (F.)  Congenere.  Of  the 
same  kind  or  species.  Resembling  each  other 
in  some  manner.  When  applied  to  muscles,  it 
means  that  they  concur  in  the  same  action;  in 
opposition  to  the  word  antagonist,  or  that  which 
acts  in  an  opposite  direction. 

In  France,  Conge1  neres  is  applied  to  those  who 
join  in  the  dissection  of  the  same  subject. 

CONGENITA  NOT^E,  Na3vus. 

CONGENITAL,  Con'genite,  Congenia'lis, 
Congcu'itas,  from  con,  'with,'  and  genitus.'be- 
gotten.'  (F  )  Congenial  ou  Congenital '..  Dis- 
eases which  infants  have  at  birth:  hence.  Con- 
genital affections  are  those  that  depend  on  faulty 
conformation;  as  congenital  hernia,  congenital 
cataract,  &c.     See  Connate. 

CONGES'TION,  Conges'tio,  from  congerere, 
'to  amass,'  'accumulate,'  &c.  Symphore'mo, 
Si/natkroisnt'us,  Engorgement.  Accumulation  of 
blood — kypereemia,  (q.  v.) — or  other  fluid  in  an 
organ.  It  is  an  important  symptom  in  (tin  lie 
and  other  disorders.  It  may  arise  either  from 
an  extraordinary  flow  of  blood  by  the  arteries, 
or  from  a  difficulty  in  the  return  of  blond  to  the 
heart  by  the  veins.  More  often,  perhaps,  it  is 
owing  to  the  latter  cause,  and  is  termed  venous 
congestion,  stasis,  or  stagnation  —  being  not  un- 
usually attended  with  symptoms  of  oppression 
and'  collapse. 

CONGESTION  CERKBR.1LE,  Encephalo- 
hremia — c.  Sanguine  rachidienne,  Hypermyelo- 
bsemia, 

CONGESTIVE  FEVER.  See  Fever,  con- 
gestive. 

CONGLACIATIO,  Congelation. 

CONGLO'BATE,  Congllka'tus,  from congio- 
hare,  (con,  and  globus,  '  a  ball,')  '  to  collect,'  •  to 
gather  into  a  ball.'  (F.)    Cong/obi. 

Conglo'bate  Gland,   Gtun'dula  congicbu'ta, 


CONGLOIil 


191      CONSECUTIVE  PHENOMENA,  &c. 


Glanilula  Muco'sa,  Globate  gland,  Lympliat'ic 
gan'glion,  (F.)  G-land e  conglub'ee,  Ganglion  lym- 
phatique.  A  round  body,  formed  of  lymphatic 
vessels,  connected  together  by  cellular  struc- 
ture, but  having  neither  a  cavity  nor  excretory 
duct.  The  mesenteric,  inguinal  and  axillary 
glands  are  of  this  class. 

COXGLOBlL  Conglobate. 

CONGLOMERATE,  Conglomera'tus,  from 
con,  and  glomerate,'  lo  gather  in  a  heap,'  Glom'- 
crate,  Ghrrima'tus,  (F.)  Conglcmdri.  Heaped 
together. 

Cong i.om'f.ratf.  Glands,  G Ian' dulse  tonglo- 
meru'lx,  Glandules  rusculo'scc,  are  those  whose 
lobules  are  united  under  the  same  mcmbiane; 
as  the  liver,  kidney,  testicle,  &c. 

CONGLUTINANTIA.Congelativa. 

COJVGRES,  (F.)  Congress,  Curigres'sus,  from 
tongrcdi,  congresses  (con,  and  grudi,  'to  go,') 
'to  go  together.'  This  term,  which  lias  often 
been  used  synonymously  with  Coition,  means, 
also,  the  ocular  proof,  formerly  ordered  by  ju- 
dicial authority,  in  the  presence  of  surgeons 
and  matrons,  to  test  the  impotence  or  capabili- 
ties of  the  parlies; — a  most  unsatisfactory  and 
indecent  exhibition.  It  was  forbidden  by  the 
Parliament,  of  Pari.-;  in  the  year  lu'b7. 

CONGRESSUS.  Coition. 

CONI  VASCULO'SI.  Conical  bundles, 
formed  by  the  vasa  efferentia  of  the  testis: 
having  their  base  towards  the  epididymis. 

COlMA,  *ui<».  A  wine,  prepared  by  fer- 
menting the  must  of  the  grape  on  tar  pre- 
viously washed  in  sea-water.— Orfila.  See,  also, 
Lixivium. 

( '"N i a,  Lixivium. 

CONIASIS,  Incrustation. 

CONIOSTOSIS,  Pulverization. 

CONIS,  Pulvis. 

CON1STERIUM,  Apodvterium. 

CONI'UM  MACULATUM,  Coni'um,  Cicu'ta, 
Cicu'ta  major,  Jlbi'otcs,  Cicula  tcrrcs'lris,  Cicuta 
major  faftida,  C.  vulgaris,  Common  Hemlock, 
Hemlock,  Poison  parsley,  Spotted  parsley  (F.)  Ci- 
gu'e ordinaire,  C.grande.  jYul.  Ord.  Umbelliferae. 
S  x.  Syst  Pentandria  Digynia.  The  leaves  and 
seeds  ate  narcotic  and  poisonous  in  an  over- 
dose.  Light  destroys  the  virtues  of  the  leaves; 
and,  therefore,  the  powder  should  be  kept  in 
opake  bottles,  well  corked.  It  has  been  used 
as  a  palliative  in  cancer  arid  other  painful  affec- 
tions; but  is  not  equal  to  opium.  Externally, 
it  has  been  applied  in  fomentation  lo  cancerous 
and  scrofulous  ulcers.     Dose,  gr.  ij.  to  x. 

Da' nidsofis  Remedy  for  Cancer  is  said  to  con- 
sist of  powdered  hemlock  and  arsenious  acid. 

<  'OJCJONCTIVE,  Conjunctiva. 

CONJONCTIVITE,  see  Ophthalmia— c. 
D'cnnori liagique,  see  Ophthalmia. 

CO  YJUGdlSON,  Conjugation. 

CONJUGATION,  Conjuga'lio,  from  covju- 
gore,  {ion,  and  jiigmn,  'a  yoke,')  '  lo  yoke  to- 
gether.') (F.)  Conjugaison.  Assemblage,  union, 
Conju'gium, 

Conjugations  Foram'ina.  (F.)  Trous  de 
conjugaison.  The  apertures  at  the  sides  of  the 
spine,  formed  by  the  union  of  the  notches  of  the 
vertebrae.  They  give  passage  to  the  nerves  of 
the  spinal  marrow,  and  to  the  vessels,  which 
enter,  or  issue  from,  the  vertebral  canal. 

CONJUGIUM,  Coition,  Conjugation. 
CONJUNCT!   (MORBI.)    from   conjungere, 
(con  and  jungcre,)  '  to  join  together.'     Diseases 


joined  together.  Authors  have  distinguished 
two  kinds  of  these: — one,  in  which  the  diseases 
go  on  simultaneously  —  morl/i  convix',; — the 
other,  in  which  they  succeed  each  other — morbi 
conseqven'tes. 

CONJUNCTTO,  Articulation. 

CONJUNCTIVA  MEMBRA'NA,  Clrcvm- 
caula'lis,  Epipeph'ycos,  Tu'nica  agna'ta,  Tu'nica 
adna'ta,  T.  conjunctiva,  (F.)  Conjonctive,  Mem- 
brane a.lnec.  A  mucous  membrane,  so  called 
because  it  unites  the  globe  of  the  eye  with  the 
eyelids.  It  covers  the  anterior  surface  of  the 
eye,  the  inner  surface  of  the  eyelids,  and  the 
caruncalu  lachrymalis.  It  possesses  great  ge- 
neral sensibility,  communicated  to  it  by  the 
fifth  pair. 

CONJUNCTIVITIS,  Ophthalmia— c.^gyp- 
tiaca,  Ophthalmia,  purulent — c. Blennorrhajrica, 
see  Ophthalmia — c.  Calarrhalis,  Ophthalmia, 
catarrhal — c."  GonOrrhoica,  see  Ophthalmia — c. 
Puro  mucosa  catarrhalis,  Ophthalmia,  catarrhal 
—  c.  Puro-mucosa  contagiosa  vel  ^Egyptiacn, 
Ophthalmia,  purulent. 

CONJUNGENS,  Communicans. 

CONNATE,  from  con  and  natus, 'bom  with.' 

Connate  Diseases,  (F  )  Maladies  connees, 
Morbi.  connati,  are  such  as  an  individual  is  born 
with: — connate  having  the  same  signification  as 
congenital.  A  difference  has  been  made  by  some. 
however;  those  diseases  or  conditions,  which 
are  dependent  upon  original  conformation, being 
called  congenital; — whilst  the  diseases  or  affec- 
tions, that  may  have  supervened  during  gesta- 
tion or  delivery,  are  termed  connate 

CONNECTICUT,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  There  is  a  mineral  spring  at  Stafford  in 
this  state,  twenty-four  miles  from  Hartford, 
which  has  obtained  more  celebrity  than  any 
one  in  New  England.  Its  principal  ingredients 
are  iron  and  carbonic  acid  It,  consequently, 
belongs  to  the  class  of  acidulous  chalybeate^. 
There  are  other  springs  in  the  state,  of  which, 
however,  little  that  is  accurate  is  known. 

CONNEXIO  OSS1UM  CARNOSA,  Syssar- 
cosis. 

CONNUTRI'TUS,  Syn'trpphos,  from  con, 
'with,'  and  nutrior,  'I  am  nourished.'  A  dis- 
ease is  so  called  which  has  grown  up,  as  it 
were,  with  an  individual,  or  lias  been  connate 
with  him  — Hippocr.,  Galen. 

CONOID,  Cono'idcus,  Cono'i'dts,  from  xwrde, 
'  a  cone,'  and  nSog.  'shape,'  (F.)  Cono'ide.  Re- 
sembling a  cone. 

Conoid  Lig'ameNt.  A  ligament,  passing 
from  the  eoracoid  process  to  the  scapula,  ami 
forming  part  of  the  cor  a  co-clavicular ,  (q.  v.)  liga- 
ment of  some  anatomists. 

CONOIDES  CORPUS.  Pineal  "land. 

CONOPHTHAEMIA,  Staphyloma  Cornea-. 

COjYQU/ISS.IjXT,  (F.)  Con  qua  a' sans,  from 
con,  '  with,'  '  together;'  and  qu  assure, '  to  shake. 
Donleurs  conquassantes  are  the  pains  of  partu- 
rition, at  the  time  of  their  greatest,  intensity, 
when  the  head  is  engaged  in  the  pelvis. 

CONQUASSATION.  Same  etymon.  A 
pharmaceutical  operation,  which  consists  in  di- 
viding, with  a  pestle,  fresh  vegetables,  fruits, 
&C    See  Confricalion. 

COJYQUE,  Concha. 

CONSECUTIVE,  Consecuti'vus,  from  con, 
'  with,'  and  seqvor,  '  to  follow.' 

Consecutive  Phenom'ena  or  Symptoms,  (F.) 
r/tenoaiincs  ou  accidens  consiculifs,  are  such  as 


CONSENSUS 


192 


CONSTITUTION 


appear  after  the  cessation  of  a  disease,  or.  ac- 
cording to  others, during  its  decline;  but  with- 
out having  any  direct  connexion  with  it. 

CONSENSUS,  Consent  of  parts,  Sympathy. 

Consen'sus  Oculo'uum.  The  intimate  asso- 
ciation between  the  two  eyes,  as  exemplified  in 
their  consentaneous  action  in  „»,alth,  and  often 
in  disease. 

CONSENT  OF  FARTS,  Consensus,  Con- 
sensus par'tium,  Sympatlu'a,  from  con,  and 
sentire, '  to  feel.'  (F.j  Consentement  des  Parties. 
That  relation  of  different  parts  of  the  body  with 
each  other,  which  is  more  commonly  denomi- 
nated sympathy,  (q.  v.) 

CONSENTEMENT  DES  PARTIES,  Con- 
sent of  parts. 

CONSERVATION,  Conserva'tio,  Phylux'is, 
from  conservare,  (con,  and  servare,)  '  to  pre- 
serve.' (F.)  Conservation,  Asservution.  The 
art  of  preserving  any  object  of  pharmacy;  any 
remedial  agent,  &c,  from  decay. 

CONSER'VA,  Conserve..  Same  etymon.  A 
pharmaceutical  preparation,  composed  of  a  ve- 
getable substance  and  a  sufficient  quantity  of 
sugar.  The  London  and  American  pharmaco- 
poeias prefer  the  term  Confection,  (q.  v.) 

Conserva  Absin'thh,  C.  Abshi' tliii  maril'imi, 
Conserve  of  Wormwood  (Leaves  Ibj,  sugar 
Ibiij.)  It  has  been  employed  as  a  tonic,  sto- 
machic, and  vermifuge. 

Conserva  Angel'ic/e  (P.,)  Conserve  d'An- 
gelique,  C.  of  Angelica.  (Pulp  of  root  250 
parts;  white  sugar,  boiled  in  a  decoction  of  the 
root,  and  reduced  to  the  consistence  of  a  solid 
electuary,  1000  parts.)  It  is  tonic,  aromatic, 
and  stomachic. 

Conserva  de  Apio  Graveolen'tE  (P.)  Con- 
serve d'Acke,  Conserve  of  Smallage.  Prepared 
like  the  preceding.  Reputed  to  have  the  same 
properties. 

Conserva  Art,  Conserve  of  Arum.  (Fresh 
root  Ibss,  sugar  fliiss  )  Esteemed  diuretic  and 
stimulant.  , 

Consekva  Aurantii,  Confectio  aurantiorum 

c.  Cassias,  Confectio  cassias— c.  Citri  aurantii, 

Confectio  aurantiorum — c.  Corticis  exlerioris 
aurantii  Hispalensis,  Confectio  aurantiorum — 
c.  Corticum  aurantiorum,  Confectio  aurantio- 

rnrn c.  Florum  rosarum  rubrarum,  Confectio 

rosse  Gullicro — c.  Oynosbati,  Confectio  rosae  ca- 
ninae—c.     Cynorrhodi,  Confectio  rosae  caninae 

c,  Flavedinis  corticis  aurantiorum   [lispalen- 

sium,  Confectio  aurantiorum — c  Ross,  Con- 
fectio rosae  Gallicae — c.  Rosse  caninae,  Confectio 
rosa?  caninae— c.  Roc-ae  Gallicie,  Confectio  rosae 
Gallicre. 

Conserva  CociiLEA'itiyE  IIorten'sis,  Con- 
serve of  Lemon  Scurvy  Gross.  (Leaves  Ibj. 
sugar  Ibiij.)  Reputed  to  be  stimulant  and  anti- 
scorbutic. 

Conserva  Lu'jul;e,  C.  Folio'rum  la'juhc. 
Conserve,  of  Woodsorrel.  (Leaves  Ibj,  sugar 
fciij.)     Gratefully  acid  and  refrigerant. 

Consekva  Mentha,  C.  Menthse  folio'rum, 
nlhx  sali'rx.  Conserve  of  Mint.  {Leaves 
Ibj.  sugar  Ibiij)  Stomachic  in  nausea  and 
vomiting. 

Consekva  Prcni  Svi.ves'tkis,  Pulpapruno'- 
rum  sylves'trium  condi'la,  C.  Ptunse  sylvestris, 
Conserve  of  Sloes,  (Pulp  I  part,  sugar  3  puts  ) 
Possessed  of  astringent  properties. 

Conserva  Scillte,  Conserve  of  Squill.  (Fresh 


squills  gj,  sugar  %x.)  Possesses  the  diuretic  and 
other  virtues  of  the  squill. 

CONSERVE  D'ACHE,  Conserva  de  apio 
graveolente — c.  Lemon  scurvy  grass,  Conserva 

cochleariae  hortensis— c.  of  Mint,  Conserva 
menthse — c.  of  Orange,  (red.)  Confectio  auran- 
tiorum— c.  of  Aloes,  Conserva  pruni  sylvestris 
— c.  of  Smallage,  Conserva  de  apio  graveolente 
— c.  of  Woodsorrel,  Conserva  lujulae—  c.  of 
Wormwood,  Conserva  absinthii. 

COJVSER  VES,  Spectacles. 

CONS1DENTIA.  This  word  has  two  ac- 
ceptations. 1.  It  is  synonymous  with  Apoca- 
tastasis  ;  and,  2.  It  signifies  contraction  of  any 
cavitv  or  canal  : — See  Synezisis. 

CONSISTEN'TIA.  A  Latin  term  employed 
in  two  senses.  1.  When  joined  to  the  word 
Morbi  or  JEtutis,  it  expresses  the  acme  of  a  dis- 
ease, or  the  age  at  which  the  constitution  has 
acquired  its  full  strength.  2.  By  Consisten'tia 
humo'ris  is  meant  the  density  of  a  humour. 

CONSOLIOA  MAJOR,  Symphytum -c. 
Media,  Ajnga,  Chrysanthemum  leucautheinuin 
— c.  Minor,  Prunella — c.  Regalis,  Delphinium 
consolida — c.  Rubra,  Tormentil — c.  Saracenica, 
Solidacro  vir^aurea. 

CONSOLIDAN'TIA ,  Consolidati'va  Medico- 
men'la,  from  can,  and  solidus,  solid.  Substances, 
formerly  given  lor  the  purpose  of  consolidating 
wounds,  or  strengthening  cicatrices. 

CONSOLIDATIVA,  Consolidantia. 

CONSOMM&,  Consumma'tum,  Zomos.  Soup, 
strongly  charged  with  gelatin, and  consequently 
very  nutritious,  although  not  proportionably 
easy  of  digestion. 

CONSUMPTION.  Consumption. 

CONSORTIUM,  Sympathy. 

CONSOUDE,  GRANDE,  Symphytum. 

CONSOUND,  MIDDLE,  Ajuga. 

CONSPERSIO,  Catapasma. 

CONSPICILLA,  Spectacles. 

CONSPIKATIO,  Sympathy. 

CONSTELL.VTUM  LNGUEN'TUM  An 
ointment  composed  of  cleansed  earthworms! 
dried  and  pulverized;  and  of  the  fat  of  the  bear 
or  wild  boar.  It  was  formerly  employed  in 
toothache,  and  to  hasten  the  cicatrization  of 
wounds. 

CONSTERNATIO,  Stupor. 

CONSTIfATIO.  Stegnosis. 

CONSTIPATION,  Constipa'tiojrom  consti- 
pate, (con  and  stipare,)  "to  cram  close.'  Ob- 
stipo/tio,  Adstric'tio,  Obstipa'iio  alvi'na,  i.-chocui'- 
lia,Alous  adstric'tu,A.  Tarda..].  Dura,  Obstruct- 
lio  alvi,  O.  Ductus  aliriienlu'rii,  O.  intestinal  lis, 
Torpor  intestine/ rum,  Stt/psis,  Constipdtio  alvi, 
Copros'tasis,  Dyscoi'lia,  (F.)  Echauffement,  Ven- 
tre resserre,  Costiveness.  Faecal  Reteu'tion,  Alcine. 
obstruction.  A  state  of  the  bowels,  in  which 
the  evacuations  do  not  take  place  as  frequently 
as  usual  ;  or  are  inordinately  hard,  and  expelled 
with  difficulty.  It  may  he  owing,  either  to 
diminished  action  of  the  muscular  coat  of  the 
intestines,  or  to  diminished  secretion  from  the 
mucous  membrane,  or  to  both.  Cathartics  will 
usually  remove  it;  after  which  its  exciting  and 
predisponent  causes  must  be  inquired  into  and 
obviated  to  render  the  cure  permanent 

CONSTITUTIO,  Habit  of  body—  c.  Nervosa, 
Nervous  diathesis. 

CONSTITUTION,  Conslilu'tw,  Calas'lasis, 
Status,  from  con,  and  statuere,  fiom  stare,  '  to 
stand.'     A  collection  of  several  parts,  forming 


CONSTITUTION  OF  ATMOSPHERE    193 


CONTACT 


a  whole.  In  medicine,  Constitution  means  the 
state  of  all  the  organs  of  the  human  body  con- 
sidered in  regard  to  their  particular  and  re- 
spective arrangement,  order,  or  activity.  A 
good  constitution  is  one  in  which  every  organ 
is  well  developed,  and  endowed  with  due  en- 
ergy, so  that  all  perform  their  functions  with 
equal  facility.  Any  want  of  equilibrium  in 
their  development  and  energy,  forms  a  differ- 
ence in  the  constitution.  We  say  that  a  man 
is  of  a  good  or  robust,  a  delicate  or  weak  consti- 
tution, when  he  is  commonly  healthy,  or  com- 
monly labouring  under,  or  unusually  suscepti- 
ble ofT  disease. 

Constitution  of  the  At'mospheke,  Consti- 
tu'lio  Ji'eris,  (F.)  Constitution  Atmosph'erique. 
The  condition  of  the  atmosphere,  as  regards 
dryness  and  humidity,  temperature,  heaviness, 
direction  of  the  winds,  &c  ,  considered  as  re- 
spects their  influence  on  the  animal  economy. 

Constitution,  Epidem'ic,  or  Constitution, 
Med'ical,  (F.)  Constitution  medicate,  C.epide- 
tnique.  The  aggregate  of  meteorological  con- 
ditions, so  far  as  they  are  appreciable,  during 
which  diseases  prevail  epidemically. 

CONSTITUTIONAL,  (F.)  Constitutionnel. 
Belonging  to  the  constitution  of  an  individual; 
to  his  manner  of  being  ;  as  constitutional  phthi- 
sis, c.  gout,  &e.  By  some,  this  epithet  has 
been  given  to  diseases,  produced  by  the  consti- 
tution of  the  atmosphere,  but  this  acceptation 
is  not  common. 

COXSTRICTEURS  DE  LA  YULVE,  Con- 
strictores  cunni — c.  du  Vagin,  Constrictores 
cunni. 

CONSTRICTIO,  Systole. 

CONSTRICTiVA,  Styptics. 

CONSTRICTOR,  from  constringere,  (con, 
and  stringere,)  'to  bind.'  (F.)  Constricteur. 
That  which  binds  in  a  circular  direction.  A 
sphincter  (q.  v.)  Different  muscles  are  so 
called. 

Constrictor  Ani,  Sphincter  ani  extemus. 

Constrictor  of  Nuck,  Compressor  of  Nuck. 

Constrictorks  Alarum  Nasi,  Depressor 
Alee  Nasi — c.  Isthmi  faucium,  Glossostaphy- 
linus — c.  Nasi,  Compressor  naris — c  Oris,  Or- 
bicularis oris — c.  Palpebrarum,  Orbicularis  pal- 
pebrarum. 

Constricto'res  Cunni,  CUtor'idis  inferu/res 
lati  ct  jt/uni  mus'culi,  Sphincter  Vagi'nse  (F.) 
Conslricleurs  du  vagin,  C.  de  la  Valve.  Small 
muscles,  which  originate  beneath  the  clitoris, 
descend  along  the  sides  of  the  vagina,  and  ter- 
minate by  becoming  confounded  with  the  trans- 
rersus  perineal  and  external  sphincter  ani  mus- 
cles. Their  use  is  to  contract  the  entrance  of 
the  vagina. 

Constricto'res  Lahyn'gis.  Lieutaud  de- 
scribes, under  the  name  Grand  constricteur  du 
larynx,  the  muscle  Crico-arytenoideus  lutcru'tis 
with  the  Tliyro-arnlenoidcus 

Constrictor  GEsopii'agi,  Constrictor  of  the 
(Esoph'agus,  (F  )  Constricteur  de  V (Esophage, 
Muscle  asophagien.  A  fasciculus  of  fleshy,  cir- 
cular fibres, at  the  upper  part  of  the  eesophagus. 

Constricto'res  Piiaryn'ois,  Constrictois  of 
the  Pharynx,  Sphincter  Gulx.  Muscular  ex- 
pansions which  assist  in  forming  the  parietes 
of  the  pharynx.  Three  of  these  are  generally 
admitted.  J.  The  Constrictor  Pharyngis  infe- 
rior, Crico-Pharyngeus  and  Thyro-pharyngeus, 
Ciico-lhijio-pharyngien.     It  is  broad,  very  thin, 


quadrilateral,  and  seated  superficially,  extend- 
ing from  the  thyroid  and  cricoid  cartilaoes  as 
far  as  the  middle  of  the  pharynx,  and  uniting, 
on  the  median  line,  with  that  of  the  opposite 
side.  2.  The  Constrictor  Pharyngis  Medius, 
Hyo-phafyngcus  and  Chondro-pharyngeus,  Son- 
des'mo-pharyngeus,  Hyoghsso  basi-pharyngien, 
occupies  the  middle  part  of  the  pharynx.  It  is 
triangular,  and  attached,  anteriorly,  to  the  great 
and  little  cornu  of  the  os  hyoides  ;  to  the  stylo- 
hyoid ligament;  and  terminates,  posteriorly,  by 
joining  its  fellow  of  the  opposite  side.  3.  The 
Constrictor  Phaiyngis  superior,  Cepk' alo-pha- 
ryngeus,  Glosso  phuryngcus,  Myh-pharyngeus, 
I'll  i ' ijgo-pliaryngeus,  Purigo-sijndcsmo-stnphili- 
pkaryngien,  is  quadrilateral,  and  extends  from 
the  internal  ala  of  the  pterygoid  process,  from 
the  inter-maxillary  ligament,  from  the  internal 
oblique  line  of  the  jaw,  and  from  the  base  of 
the  tongue  to  the  posterior  part  of  the  pharynx. 

The  constrictors  of  the  pharynx  contract  it. 
They  can  likewise  approximate  the  ends  to  each 
other.  Chaussier  considers  those  and  the  stylo- 
pharyngeus  as  but  one  muscle,  and  includes  all 
under  this  last  name. 

CONSTRINGENTIA,  Astringents.  Styptics. 

CONSUETUDO,  Habit— c.  Menstrua, 
Menses. 

CONSULTATION,  Consvlia'lio,  Dclibrra'- 
tio,  Cccnolog"ia,  Conten'tio,  Symboleu'sis,  from 
consult  re,  consultum,  'to  hold  council.'  This 
word  has  several  acceptations  In  English,  it 
means,  almost  always,  the  meeting  of  two  or 
more  practitioners,  to  deliberate  on  any  particu- 
lar case  of  disease.  In  France,  it  signifies  the 
written  result  of  such  deliberations,  as  well  as 
the  opinion  of  a  physician,  given  to  a  patient, 
who  consults  him,  either  personally  or  by 
writing. 

CONSULTING  PHYSICIAN  or  SUR- 
GEON. Medecin  on  Chirurgieu  consultant. 
One,  who  consults  with  the  attending  practi- 
tioner, regarding  any  case  of  disease.  Some 
physicians,  surgeons,  and  accoucheurs  confine 
themselves  to  consulting  practice. 

CON  SUM  M  ATU  M,  Consomme. 

CONSUMPTION,  from  consumere,  (con  and 
sumere,)  'to  waste  away.'  Consump'tio, Synteafis, 
(F.)  Consumption.  Progressive  emaciation  or 
wasting  away.  This  condition  precedes  death, 
in  the  greater  part  of  chronic  diseases,  and  par- 
ticularly in  phthisis puimonul is :  on  this  account 
it  is,  that  phthisis  has  received  the  name  con- 
sumption.— See  Phthisis.  Fi'evrc  de  Consortia- 
lion,  Consumptive  fever,  is  the  same  as  Hectic 
fever,  (q.  v.) 

Consumption,  Pulmonary,  Phthisis  pulmo- 
nalis. 

CONSUMPTI'VA.  Same  etymology.  Caus- 
tics, used  for  the  destruction  of  fungi.  Burnt 
alum,  lunar  caustic,  &c,  were  formerly  so  called. 

CONTABESCENTIA,  from  contabescere, 
(con  and  tubcsccrc.)  '  to  grow  lean.'  Consump- 
tion, marasmus,  atrophy,  (q  v.)  &c. 

CONTACT,  Contuc'tus,  from  con  and  tan- 
gere,  '  to  touch.'  The  state  of  two  bodies  that 
touch  each  other.  In  the  theory  of  contagious 
diseases,  we  distinguish  immediate  or  direct  con- 
tact, as  when  we  touch  a  patient  labouring 
under  one  of  those  diseases;  and  mediate  or  in- 
direct contact,  when  we  touch,  not.  the  patient 
himself,  but  objects  that  have  touched  or  ema- 
nated from  him.     The  air  is,  most  commonly, 


CONTAGION 


194 


CONTRACTILITY 


the  medium  by  which  this  last  kind  of  contact 
is  effected 

CONTA'GION,  Conta'gio,  Conta'ges,  Con- 
ta'gium,  ji]>o\ >  rltn'a,  rfpoc'rysis.  Same  etymon. 
The  transmission  of  a  disease  from  one  person 
to  another,  by  direct  or  indirect  contact.  The 
term  has,  also,  been  applied,  by  some,  to  the 
action  of  miasmata  arising  from  dead  animal  or 
vegetable  matter,  bogs,  fens,  &c,  but  in  this 
sense  it  is  now  abandoned.  Contagious  diseases 
are  produced,  either  by  a  virus,  capable  of 
causing  them  by  inoculation,  as  in  small-pox, 
cow  pox,  hydrophobia,  syphilis,  t&c  ,  or  by  mi- 
asmata, proceeding  from  a  sick  individual,  as  in 
plague,  typhus  gravior,  and  in  measles  and  scar- 
latina. Scrofula,  phthisis  pulmonalis,  and  can- 
cer, have,  by  some,  been  esteemed  contagious, 
but  apparently  without  foundation.  Physicians 
are,  indeed,  by  no  means  unanimous  in  deciding 
what  diseases  are  contagious,  and  what  not. 
The  contagion  of  the  plague  and  typhus,  espe- 
cially of  the  latter,  is  denied  by  many.  It 
seems  probable,  that  a  disease  may  be  conta- 
gious under  certain  circumstances  and  not  un- 
der others.  A  case  of  common  fever,  arising 
from  common  causes,  as  from  cold,  if  the  pa- 
tient be  kept  in  a  close,  foul  situation,  may  be 
converted  into  a  disease,  capable  of  producing 
emanations,  which  will  excite  a  similar  disease 
in  those  exposed  to  them.  Contagion  and  infec- 
tion are  generally  esteemed  synonymous.  Fre- 
quently, however,  the  former  is  applied  to  dis- 
eases not  produced  by  contact;  as  measles, 
scarlet  fever,  &c,  whilst  infection  is  used  for 
those  that  require  positive  contact;  as  itch, 
syphilis,  &c.,  and  conversely.  Diseases,  which 
cannot  be  produced  in  any  other  way  than  by 
contagion,  are  said  to  have  theirvorigin  in  spe- 
cific contagion;  as  small  pox,  cow-pox,  measles, 
hydrophobia,  syphilis,  &c.  Those  which  are 
produced  by  contagion,  and  yet  are  sometimes 
owing  to  other  causes,  are  said  to  arise  from 
common  contagion;  as  typhus,  cynanche  paro- 
tida?a,  &C. 

CONTA'GIOUS,  Conlagio'sus.  Capable  of 
being  transmitted  by  mediate  or  immediate 
contact;  as  a  contagious  disease,  contagious  fe- 
ver,  contagious  effluvia,  &c. 

CONTAG1UM,  Miasm. 

CONTEMPLATIF,  (F.)  Contemplations, 
(ran  and  templum.)  Appertaining  to  contem- 
plation. The  predominant,  idea  of  the  melan- 
cholic—  of  the  monomaniac  —  is  sometimes 
called  contemplative. 

CONTEMI'LATIO,  Catalepsy. 

CONTENSIO,  Tension. 

CONTENITO.  Consultation. 

CONTEXTURE,  Contextu'ra,  Contex'tus, 
from  con  and  texere,  (quasi  tegseie,  from  tegere, 
*  to  cover')  '  to  weave,'  '  to  make  a  web.'  Ar- 
rangement of  parts;— texture.  A  name  given, 
metaphorically,  to  the  structure  of  organized 
bodies;  as  the  contexture  of  muscles, fibres,  &.C. 
See  Tissue  and  Texture. 

CONTIGUITY,  DIARTHROSIS  OF,  see 
Continuity. 

CONTINENCE.  Con tincntia,  from  tontine- 
re,  (con  and  teneie,  '  to  hold  or  keep,')  '  to  con- 
tain oneself;'  '  to  restrain.'  Abstinence  from 
the  pleasures  of  physical  love. 

CONTINENT.  Con'tinens.  This  word  is  sy- 
nonymous with  Continued.  (F  )  Contlnu. 

Cost  ink  nt   Cause,'  Causa   conjunc'ta,   is   a 


cause,  real  or  presumed,  which,  having  given 
rise  to  a  disease,  continues  to  act  during  the 
whole  of  its  duration.  It  may  be  considered 
synonymous  with  proximate  cause.  A  conti- 
nent fever,  Febris  continens,  is  one  which  pre- 
serves, during  its  whole  course,  the  same  de- 
gree of  intensity,  without  any  remission  or  sen- 
sible exacerbation.  A  disease,  which  continues 
uninterruptedly,  has  been,  also,  called  JEipa- 
tltii'a.  or  Aeipathei'a. 

CONTIN'UED  FEVER,  Febris  contin'ua, 
F.  continens,  F.  anabal'ica,  F.  assid'un.  A  fe- 
ver which  presents  no  interruption  in  its  course. 
Continued  fevers  form  a  division  in  the  class 
1'yrexice  of  Cullen,  and  include  three  genera, — 
Sijnocka,  Synoihus,  anil  Typhus.  It  is  proper 
to  remark,  that  some  of  the  older  writers  make 
a  distinction  between  the  continual  fever,  awt- 
XV'y  febris  continuity  and  the  synorhus  or  febris 
continens.  Thus,  Rhases  states  that  the  syno- 
chus  or  continens  is  a  fever,  which  consists  of 
one  paroxysm  from  beginning  to  end;  whilst 
the  continual  is  allied  to  intermittents. 

CONTINUITY,  Continu'itas.  An  adhesion 
of  two  things  between  each  other,  so  that  (hey 
cannot  be  separated  without  fracture  or  lacera- 
tion 

Continuity,  Diarthro'ses,  of  (F.)  Diarthro- 
se.i  cle  Continuity,  are  movable  joints,  in  which 
the  bones  are  continuous,  but  do  not  touch  im- 
mediately: there  being,  between  them,  a  liga- 
mentous substance,  whose  flexibility  permits 
motion.  The  vertebral  articulations  are  exam- 
ples of  this.    DlARTHROSF.S  OF  CoNTI  Gu'lT  Y,  Dill- 

throses  ile  Coniisruitc,  on  the  other  hand,  are  mo- 
vable articulations,  in  which  the  bones  are  not 
continuous,  but  touch  by  surfaces  covered  with 
a  cartilaginous  layer,  which  is  always  moisten- 
ed by  synovia. 

Continuity,  Solution  of,  is  any  division  of 
parts,  previously  continuous.  Wounds  and 
fractures  are  solutions  of  continuity.  The  word 
Continuity  is  opposed  to  Contiguity:  the  latter 
meaning  the  condition  of  two  things  which  are 
near  each  other,  or  touch  without  uniting. 
There  is  conlisuity  between  the  head  of  the 
humerus  and  the  glenoid  cavity  of  the  scapula, 
but  not  continuity.  , 

CONTOjXD.-INT,  Contunding. 

CON  TOR'S  I  ON,  Cantor1 sio,  from  contor- 
cjuco,  (can  and  toiqnere,  'to  wring,')  '1  twist 
about.'  Violent  movement  of  a  part,  accom- 
panied with  a  kind  of  torsion;  as  contortion  of 
the  fore. 

CONTRA-APERTU'RA,  from  contra, 
'against,'  and  aperio,  'I  open.'  A  counter- 
opening.  Conti  a-':neis'io,  Incis'io  priori  opposi- 
ta,  (F.)  Contre-ouverture.  An  incision,  mide 
in  the  most  depending  part  of  a  wound  or  ab- 
scess, when  the  first  opening  is  not  situate  in  a 
manner  favourable  for  the  discharge  of  the  pus. 

CONTRA-EXTENSIO,  Counter  extension. 

CONTRACTILE,  Contrac'tilis,  from  contra- 
here,  (con  and  traherc,)1  to  draw  together .'  Ca- 
pable of  contracting.  The  fibre  of  muscles  is 
contractile. 

CONTRACTIL'ITY,  Contract*  fitas:  same 
etymon.  (F.)  Contractility.  That  vital  pro- 
perty, which  gives,  to  certain  parts,  the  power 
of  contracting.  The  muscles  of  locomotion 
are  endowed  with  a  power  of  voluntary  con- 
tractility, or  one  dependent  immediately  on  the 
action  of  the  brain;  the  muscles  of  the  viscera 


CONTRACTION 


135 


CONTUSION 


.  of  digestion,  and  other  internal  organs,  enjoy 
bd  iii  ml  Hi/tiny  contractility.  Contractility  and 
irritability  are  frequently  used  synonymously 
to  signify  the  property  possessed  by  any  tissue 
of  contracting  on  the  application  of  an  appro- 
priate stimulus. 

CONTRACTION.  Same  etymon.  Sys'to/S. 
Action  of  contracting.  When  we  speak  of  the 
ami  ruction  of  a  muscle,  we  mean  the  pheno- 
menon it  exhibits  during  the  lime  it  is  in  action. 

CONTRACTU'RA.  Same  etymon.  Acamp'- 
sin,  Enta'sia  artkula'rie,  Muscular  Stiff  joint. 
A  stale  of  permanent  rigidity  and  progressive 
atrophy  of  the  flexor  muscles,  which  pievents 
the  motions  of  extension  beyond  a  certain 
limit.  The  affected  muscles  form  hard  cords 
beneath  the  skin.  On  dissection,  they  are  found 
converted  into  tendinous  fibres,  the  fleshy  fibres 
having  almost  disappeared,  when  the  disease 
has  been  of  any  duration.  It  succeeds,  fre- 
quently, other  diseases,  particularly  rheuma- 
tism, neuralgia?,  convulsions,  syphilis,  colica 
pictonum,  &c.  The  warm  bath,  vapour  bath, 
or  thermal  waters,  oleaginous  embrocations, 
mechanical  extension  of  the  limbs,  &c,  are 
the  chief  means  of  treatment. 

CONTRA-FISSU'RA,  from  contra,' against,' 
and  findo,fissum,  '  1  cleave.'  Repcrcvs'sio.  Re- 
Bon' it  us,  Catag'ma  Fissura  conlrajaxns,  Ape- 
chc.'nia,  (F.)  Contrc-coup,  Contre-fente,  Contre- 
fracture.  A  fracture,  contusion,  or  injury,  pro- 
duced by  a  blow  in  a  part  distant  from  that 
which  is  struck.  Five  species  of  contra-fissurse 
or  contre-covps  may  occur  in  the  skull.  1.  When 
the  internal  table  yields  and  fractures.  2.  When 
the  bone  breaks  in  any  other  part  than  the  one 
struck.  3.  When  a  bone,  which  has  been  struck, 
remains  uninjured,  and  its  neighbour  is  frac- 
tured. 4.  When  the  bone  is  fractured  in  a 
place  diametrically  opposite  to  that  struck,  as 
in  fractures  at  the  base  of  the  cranium,  from  a 
fall  on  the  vertex;  and  lastly,  when  the  violence 
of  the  blow  produces  a  separation  of  the  neigh- 
bouring or  distant  sutures.  These  fractures  of 
tiie  skull  are  also  called  Fractures  par  rcson- 
nance. 

CONTRA- 1 NCISIO,  Contra-apertura. 

CONTRA-IND1CATIO,  Counter-indication. 

CONTRA-IRRITATIO,  Counter-irritation. 

CONTRACTILITY  PAR  DEFAUT  D  EX- 
TENSION, Elasticity— c.  de  Tissu,  Elasticity. 

CONTRACTILITY,  Irritability. 

CONTRACTUS  CORDIS,  Systole. 

CONTRAHENTIA,  Astringents,  Styptics. 

CONTRA-LUNA'RlS,from™«</72, '  against,' 
and  luna,  '  the  moon.'  An  epithet  for  a  woman 
who  conceives  during  the  menstrual  discharge. 
— Dietrich. 

CONTRA-STIMULANS,  Contro-stimnlants. 

CONTRAYERVA,  Oorstenia  contrayerva 
— c.  Balls,  pulvis  contrayervse  compositus — c. 
Mexican,  Psoralea  pentaphylla — c.  Nova,  Pso- 
ralea  pentaphylla — c.  Lisbon,  Dorstenia  contra- 
yerva— c.  Viririniana,  Aristolochia  serpentaria. 

CONTRE-COUP,  Conlra-rissura. 

CONTRE-EXTENSION,  Counter-extension. 

CONTRE-FENTE.  Contra- fissura. 

CONTRE  FRACTURE,  Contra-fissura. 

CONTRE- INDICATION,  Counter-indica- 
tion. 

CONTIl E-  OUVF.RTURE,  Contra-aportnra 

CONTREXEVILLE,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.     Contrexeville  is  a  town  in  France,  in  the 


department  of  Vosges,  four  leagues  from  Neuf- 
ehateau.  The  waters  contain  carbonate  of 
iron,  chloride  of  calcium,  and  carbonate  of  lime, 
chloride  of  sodium,  a  bituminous  substance,  and 
free  carbonic  acid.  They  are  frequented  by 
those  labouring  under  cutaneous,scrofulous,and 
calculous  affections. 

CONTRIT"IO,  Syntiimma,  Syntripsis,  Tti- 
tu'ra,  Tritus,  Tn"lio,  from  contc.ro,  'I  bruise  or 
make  small:'  Comminu'tion,  Trituration. 

CON T RO-STIM'ULA N T,  Contrastim'ulans, 
Hyposthcnic,  from  contra,  'against,'  and  stimu- 
lus, 'that  which  excites.'  A  substance  that 
possesses  a  particular,  debilitating  property, 
acting  upon  the  excitability  in  a  manner  oppo- 
site to  stimulus.  A  name  given  to  therapeuti- 
cal agents, which, according  to  the  Italian  theory 
of  Contro- stimulus,  are  endowed  with  the  pro- 
perty of  diminishing  excitement  by  a  specific 
action.  These  agents  are  by  no  means  clearly 
defined. 

CONTRO-STIM'ULUS  Same  etymon. 
The  name  given  by  Rasori,  about  thirty  years 
ago,  to  a  new  medical  doctrine,  of  which  he 
was  the  originator — La  nuova  Dottrina  Medica 
Italiana.  It  is  founded  on  the  contro-stimu- 
lant  property,  attributed  to  a  certain  number  of 
medicines.  In  this  doctrine,  as  in  that  of 
Brown,  under  the  name  excitability,  a  funda- 
mental principle  of  physiology  is  admitted,  by 
virtue  of  which  living  beings  are  endowed 
with  an  aptitude  for  feeling  the  action  of  ex- 
ternal agents  or  exciting  influences,  and  of  re- 
acting on  these  same  influences.  When  this 
excitability  is  too  great,  there  is  excess  of  sti- 
mulus or  Hyperstheni'a:  when  too  little,  there 
is  deficiency  or  Hijpostheni'a.  Diseases,  gene- 
ral and  local,  are  divided  into  three  great 
classes,  or  into,  ].  Hypersthenic:  2.  Hyposthc- 
nic; 3.  Irritative.  The  contro-stimulant  phy- 
sicians admit  only  two  classes  of  medicines — 
stimulants  and  contro-sti miilanls . 

CONTUND'ING,  Contusing,  Contundcns, 
from  contundere,  (con,  and  tvndere)  '  to  bruise.' 
(F.)  Contondant.  That  which  causes  contu- 
sions. An  epithet  given  to  round,  blunt,  vul- 
nerating  projectiles,  which  bruise  or  lacerate 
parts  without  cutting  them. 

CONTUS,  Contused. 

CONTUS,  Penis. 

CONTU'SED.  Same  etymon.  (F.)  Con- 
tus.  Affected  with  contusion.  Thus  we  say  — 
a  contused  wound. 

CONTU'SION,  Contu'sin,  a  Bruise,  Col- 
Us'io,  Phlasma,  Th/usis,  Tlilas'ma,  Th.  Conlu- 
s/o,  (F.)  Meurtrissure.  Same  etymon.  An  injury 
or  lesion — arising  from  the  shock  of  a  body 
with  a  large  surface,  which  presents  no  loss  of 
substance,  and  no  apparent  wound.  If  the 
skin  be  divided,  the  injury  takes  the  name  of 
contused  looiind.  The  differences  of  contusion, 
as  to  extent,  are  of  course  infinite.  When 
slight,  the  blood  stagnates  in  the  capillaries  of 
the  skin,  or  is  effused  into  the  subcutaneous 
cellular  tissue.  Time  and  cold  applications 
remove  it.  When  the  texture  of  the  parts 
has  been  lacerated,  there  is  effusion  of  blood, 
with  more  or  less  torpor  in  the  part.  Cooling 
applications,  general  or  topical  V.  S ,  emol- 
lients, poultices,  compression,  &.C.,  are  here 
necessary,  according  to  circumstances.  In  the 
severest  kinds  of  contusion,  all  the  soft  and 
solid  parts,  except  the  skin,  are  bruised,  and,  at 


CONVALESCENCE 


19G 


CONVULSIO  CEREALIS 


times,  reduced  to  a  kind  of  pap.  VVlien  the 
disorganization  is  lo  this  extent,  there  is  no 
hope  except  in  amputation.  A  deep  contusion 
of  the  soft  parts  has  been  called  Sarcothlasis, 
and  Sdrcot/ilas' ma. 

CONVALESCENCE,  Convalescent tia,  from 
convalescere,  (con  and  valcscere.)  '  to  grow  well.' 
Exanus' 'trophe.  Recovery  of  health,  after  dis- 
ease. The  time  which  elapses  between  the 
termination  of  a  disease,  and  complete  resto- 
ration of  strenirth. 

CONVALLA'RJA  MALVLIS,  from  conval- 
lis,  'a  valley,'  from  its  abounding  in  valleys. 
Lil'ium  Conval'lium,  Convalla'ria,  Maian'tke- 
mum.,  Li/y  of  the  Valley,  May  Lily,  (F.)  Muguet, 
Muguet  cle  Mai.  The  recent  flowers  are  reputed 
to  be  aromatic,  cephalic,  errhine,  cathartic. 
They  are  not  used. 

Convalla'ria  Polygon a'tum.  The  syste- 
matic name  of  Solomon  s  Seal,  Polygona'tum 
unifl(frum,  Sigil'luvi  Salomo'nis,  Polygona'tum. 
The  root  was  once  used  as  an  astringent  and 
tonic.     It  is,  also,  a  reputed  cosmetic. 

Convalla'ria  Multiflo'ra,  Polygona'tum 
multifto'rum,  which  grows  in  this  country  and 
in  Europe,  has  analogous  properties. 

CONVERSION,  Couver'sio,  from  con,  and 
vertcre,  '  to  turn.'  Change  from  one  state  into 
another. 

Conversion  of  Diseases,  (F.)  Conversion  des 
■maladies,  is  the  change  or  transformation  of  one 
disease  into  another. 

CONVENTUS,  Coition. 

CONVOLUTION,  Convolu'tio,  from  convol- 
vere,  (con  and  volvere)  'to  entwine.'  Episp/iaef- 
rion,  Gyrus,  (F.)  Circonvolution.  Rolling  of 
any  thing  upon  itself. 

Convolutions  Cer'ebral,  Gyri  seu  Proces'- 
sus  entero'idei  Ccr'ebri,  nre  the  round,  undulating, 
tortuous  projections,  observed  at  the  surface  of 
the  brain.  In  them,  Gall's  organs,  of  course, 
terminate. 

Convolution,  Inter'nal.  C.  of  the  Corpus 
Callo'sum,  Convolution  d'Onrlet  (Foville.)  A 
cerebral  convolution  of  great  extent,  the  prin- 
cipal portion  of  which  is  found  on  the  inner 
surface  of  each  hemisphere  above  the  corpus 
callosum.  In  front  it  bends  downwards  and 
backwards  to  the  fissure  of  Sylvius,  and  behind 
it  extends  to  the  middle  lobe  and  forms  the 
hippocampus  major. 

Convolutions,  Intes'tinal,  are  the  turns 
made  by  the  intestines  in  the  abdomen. 

Convolution,  Supra-or'bitar.  A  convolu- 
tion of  the  brain,  which  exists  on  the  inferior 
surface  of  the  anterior  lobe,  and  rests  upon  the 
roof  of  the  orbit. 

CONVOLVULUS,  Inlussusceptio,  Ileus. 

Convol'vulus  Bata'tas.  Same  etymon.  C. 
In'dicus.  The  Sweet  Potato,  Spanish  Potato. 
This  is  the  only  esculent  root  of  the  genus  Con- 
volvulus. It  is  much  eaten  in  Che  United 
States. 

Convol'vulus  Cantab'rica,  Cantabrica ,  La- 
vender* leaved  Bindiccrd.  It  has  been  considered 
anthelmintic  and  actively  cathartic. 

Convolvulus  Indicus,  C.  Batatas. 

Convol'vulus  J  ala'pa.  A  systematic  name  of 
the  Jalap  plant,  properly  Ipomoea  Jalapa;  Ja- 
la'pium,  Mechoaca'na  nigra,  Jalappa,  Jalapa, 
Jalap  Root,  Gialappa,  Xalappa,  Bryo'nia  Ale- 
choachan'a  nigricans,  Bryo'nia  Pi.ru  ria'na, 
Chela' pa,  Rhubar1  barum  Nigrum,    Gelappium, 


(F  )  Jalap,  is  procured  from  South  America. 
Its  odour  is  nauseous;  taste  sweetish  and 
slightly  pungent.  It  is  solid,  hard,  heavy,  brit- 
tle: fracture  resinous;  internally,  light  gray; 
externally,  covered  with  a  deep  brown,  wrin- 
kled bark.  Its  operation  is  cathartic,  the  resi- 
nous part  griping  violently.  Dose,  lOgr.  to  "ss. 
A  drop  or  two  of  any  essential  oil  may  prevent 
it  from  griping.  An  active  principle  has  been 
separated  from  Jalap,  to  which  the  names  Jala- 
pine  and  Cathartine  have  been  given. 

Convolvulus  Major  Albus,  Convolvulus 
sepium — c.  Maritimus,  Convolvulus  soldanella, 

Convol'vulus  Meciioachan,  Mechoaca'nse 
Radix,  Jalappa  alba,  Rludiur' harum  album,  Me- 
choacan,  (F.)  Rhabarbe  blanche.  A  Mexican 
convolvulus,  the  root  of  which  possesses  ape- 
rient properties,  and  was  once  extensively  used 
instead  of  jalap. 

Convolvulus  Megalorhizus.C. Pandurattis. 

Convol'vulus  P anddra'tus,C. Megahrhi'zus, 
Pseudo-meckoaca'na,  Fiddle- leaved  Bindweed, 
Hog  Potato,  Virginian  Bindweed,  Wild  Potu'to, 
Mech'ameck,  Al.  Bindweed,  Wild  Jalap,  Man  in 
the  ground,  Wild.  Rhubarb,  Mild  Potato  Vine, 
Kassau'der,  Kassa'der,  Kussander,  (F.;  Liseron 
Aleckamec.  In  Virginia,  and  some  other  parts 
of  the  United  Slates,  the  root  of  this  plant  hag 
been  much  recommended  in  cases  of  gravel. 
It  is  used  either  in  powder  or  decoction. 

(.'onvulvui.cs  Perennis,  Humulus  lupulus. 

Convolvulus  pes  Ca'prEjE,  Bargatla.  A 
plant  used  in  India  as  a  cataplasm  in  arthritic 
cases. 

Convolvulus  Scammo'nea  seu  Scammo'nia, 
C.  Syriacus.  The  systematic  name  of  the  Scam'- 
many  Plant.  A  Syrian  and  Mexican  plant;  the 
concrete  gummi-resinous  juice  of  which,  Scam- 
mo'nia,  Scammoniae  Gummi  Resi'na,  Scammo- 
niuiu,  S.  Sijriarum,  Dinar  yd' "turn,  Dacrydion, 
Scammony,  Makmoudy,  (F.)  Scammonee  d'.lkp, 
comes  to  us  in  blackish-gray  fragments,  be- 
coming whitish-yellow  when  touched  with  wet 
ringers.  It  is  a  drastic,  hydragogne  cathartic. 
Dose,  gr.  iij.  to  gr.  xv.,  triturated  with  su»ar. 

Convolvulus,  Sea,  Convolvulus  Soldanella. 

Convol'vulus  Se'pium,  Convolvulus  major 
albus,  Great  Bindweed,  (F.)  Liseron  ties  Haics: 
Grand  Liseron.  The  juice  of  this  plant  is  vio- 
lently purgative,  and  is  given  in  dropsical  af- 
fections. 

Convol'vulus  Solbanel'la.  The  systematic 
name  of  the  Sea  Con-volvulus,  Bras' sica  Mm-i'- 
na,  Calyste'gia  Soldanella,  Sra  Bindweed,  Con- 
vol'vulus Marit'imus,Soldanel'la,(F.)  Chou  Marin, 
The  leaves  of  this  plant  are  said  to  be  drastic 
cathartic ;  but  they  are  not  much,  if  at  all,  used. 

Convolvulus  Syriacus,  Convolvulus  scam- 
monia. 

CoNvoL'vuLusTuuPE'THUM,T«?7;e'///?/m.  The 
systematic  name  of  the  Turbith  plant,  (F.)  Ra- 
cine de  Turbith.  The  cortical  part  of  the  root  of 
this  species  of  convolvulus  is  brought  from  the 
East  Indies.     It  is  a  cathartic,  but  not  used. 

CONVULSIBILITAS,  see  Subsultus  tendi- 
n  a  m . 

CONVULSIF,  Convulsive. 

CONVULSIO  HABITUALIS,  Chorea— c. 
Indica,  Tetanus — c.  Raphania,  Raphania — c. 
Soloniensis,  Ergotism — c.  Tonica,  Tonic  spasm 
— c.  Uteri,  Abortion. 

Convul'sio  Cerea'lis.  Convulsioab  Uslilag"- 
ine,  Cereal  Convulsion,  (F.J  Convulsion  ccrdale, 


CONVULSION 


191 


COPTE 


Ergotisme  convuldf,  Convulsion  de  Cologne.  A 
singular  disorder,  of  the  convulsive  kind,  at- 
tended with  a  peculiar  tingling  and  formication 
in  the  arms  and  legs.  It  is  said  to  be  endemic 
in  some  parts  of  Germany,  and  to  arise  often 
iioin  the  use  of  spoiled  corn. 

COiNVUL'SION,  Spasmus,  Convul'sio,  from 
convelhre.  {con  and  vdlere,  'to  tear,')  'to  pull 
together.'  Coniluc'tio,  Hieran'osos,  JHstsn'tio 
nervorum,  Clonic  Spasm,  Convul'sio  chn'ica, 
Eclamp'sia,  Syspa'sia  Convul'sio,  Hyperspasmie. 
This  word  has  several  acceptations.  It  means 
any  violent  perversion  of  the  animal  movements. 
The  word  Convulsions  generally,  however,  sig- 
nifies alternate  contractions,  violent  and  invo- 
luntary, of  muscles,  which  habitually  contract 
only  under  the  influence  of  the  will.  This  al- 
ternate contraction,  when  slight,  is  called  Tre- 
mor: when  strong  and  permanent,  tetanus,  tris- 
mus, &c.  Spasms,  Cramp,  Risus  Sardonicus, 
and  St.  Vitus' s  Dance  are  convulsions. 

Convulsion,  Salaam.  A  name  given  to  a 
singular  kind  of  convulsion  in  children,  in 
which  there  is  a  peculiar  bowing  of  the  head 
forward. — Sir  Charles  Clarke. 

CONVULSION  DE  SOLOGJYE,  Convulsio 
cerealis. 

CONVULSIONS  OF  CHILDREN,  Eclamp- 
sia— c.  ties  Enfans,  Eclampsia — c.  des  Femw.es 
enceintes  el  en  couches,  Eclampsia  gravidarum  et 
parturientium — c.  Puerperal,  Eclampsia  gravi- 
darum et  parturientium.  „ 

CONVULSIOjVJVAIRE,  (F.)  A  name  given, 
durincr  the  last  century,  to  individuals,  who  had, 
or  affected  to  have,  convulsions,  produced  by 
religious  ideas. 

CONVUL'SIVE,  Convidsi'vus,  Spasmo'des, 
J}gitato'rius,  (F.)  Convukif.  That  which  is  ac- 
companied by,  or  is  analogous  to,  convulsions, 
as  convulsive  covgh,  convulsive  disease. 

CON  YZA,  Inula  dysenterica — c.  Coma  aurea, 
Solidago  Virgaurea — c.  Media,  Inula  dysen- 
terica. 

Conv'za  Squakuo'sa,  Rrephoc'tonon,  Great 
F/rabane  or  Spikenard,  (F.)  Hcrhc  aux  Mouehcs. 
A  European  plant,  whose  strong  and  disagreea- 
ble odour  was  formerly  considered  to  be  de- 
structive to  flies,  fleas,  &c.  Its  infusion  in  wine 
was  once  used  as  an  einmenngogue  and  anti- 
icteric;  in  vinegar  as  an  anti-epileptic. 

COOKERY,  Culinary  art. 

COONTIE  or  COONTI,  see  Arrowroot. 

COOPERTOR1UM,  Thyroid  cartilage. 

COOS'TRUM.  The  middle  part  of  the  dia- 
phragm.—  Ruland. 

COPAHU,  Copaiba. 

COPA'IBA.  The  resinous  juice  of  the  Coptzif- 
era  officina'k.s,  and  other  species  of  Copaifera. 
Family,  Leguminoss.  Sex.  Syst.  Decandria 
Monogynia.  It  is  the  Copaifera  officinalis  Re- 
sina,  Bal'samum  Copaiba:,  B  Bruzi/icn'sB,  B 
de  Copaiba,  B.  Cupi'vi,  Balsam  of  Copaiba  or 
Copaiva,  (F.)  Copahu,  Raume.de  Copahu,  B.  du 
Bresil,  Tercbinthe  de  Copahu.  Its  odour  is 
peculiar,  but  not  unpleasant;  taste  pungent, 
bitter;  consistence,  syrupy;  colour  yellowish, 
and  transparent.  It  is  soluble  in  alcohol,  ether, 
and  the  expressed  oils.  S.  g.  0.050.  Its  pro- 
perties are  stimulant  and  diuretic:  in  large  doses 
it  is  purgative.  It  acts  on  the  lining  membrane 
of  the  urethra,  and  on  mucous  membranes,  in 
general.     It  is  given  in  gonorrhoea,  gleet,  leu- 


corrhoca,  &c:  in  the  dose  of  gtt.  x  to  ^j,  twice 
or  thrice  a  day.  Should  symptoms  of  urticaria 
or  diarrhcoa  arise,  the  dose  is  too  large,  and  most 
be  diminished.  It  can  be  inspissated  by  means 
of  magnesia  so  as  to  be  made  into  pills,  and  re- 
cently a  plan  has  been  devised  for  enveloping 
it  in  gelatin,  so  that  its  taste  is  entirely  con- 
cealed.    See  Capsules,  gelatinous. 

COPAIFERA    OFFICINALIS,  see  Copaiba. 

COPAL',  Copale,  Rcsina  Copal.  A  resinous 
substance  brought  from  the  East  Indies,  South 
America,  and  the  western  coast  of  Africa,  which 
flows  spontaneously,  from  the  Elxocar'pus  Co- 
pal  if era  or  Valeria  Indica,  and  probably  from 
different  species  of  Hijmeme.a.  It  is  a  stimulant, 
like  all  the  resins;  and,  dissolved  in  rectified 
spirit  of  wine,  has  been  used  in  cases  of  spongy 
gums  and  looseness  of  the  teeth;  but  it  is  now 
only  employed  in  varnishes. 

COPE,  Cut. 

COPHONIA,  Acouophonia. 

COPIIO'SIS,  Sur'ditas,  Epicopho'sis,  Par- 
acusis, Di/sa?sthe'sia  andiu/ria;  from  xoxpoc, 
'deaf.'  (F.)  Surdity.  Diminution  or  loss  of 
hearing.  Cullen  uses  the  word  synonymously 
with  Dysecaia,  and  Pinel  with  Paracou'sia  or 
Parac'oe.  According  to  Sauvages,  Cophosis  dif- 
fers from  both:  from  Dijsecaia,  because,  in  it  the 
sonorous  rays  cannot  reach  the  labyrinth;  and 
from  Paramusia,  which  consists  in  a  confused 
state  of  hearing. 

Cophosis  seems,  usually,  to  be  synonymous 
with  deafness,  (q.  v.) — Paracu'sis  Sur'ditas. 

COPOS,  y.onaq,  Lassitu'do,  Fatiga'lio,  Las- 
situde, Fatigue.  A  state  of  the  body  in  which 
most  of  the  animal  functions  are  exerted  with 
less  promptitude  and  vigour  than  common. 
The  ancients  admitted  three  species:  J.  That 
arising  from  plethora,  Lassitu'do  tensi'va,  Tono'- 
des,  2.  From  plethora  and  increased  heat  com- 
bined, Lassitu'do  plihi^mono'sa,  astvo'sa,  phkg- 
mono'des.  and,  3.  Owinn-  to  a  morbid  condition 
of  the  humours,  Lassitu'do  vlcero'sa,  helco'dcs. 

COPPER,  Cuprum — c.  Ammoniated,  Cu- 
prum ammoniatum — c.  Subacetate  of.  Cupri 
subacetas — c.  Sulphate  of,  Cupri  sulphas — c. 
Ammoniacal  sulphate  of,  Cuprum  ammoniatum. 

COPPERAS,  Ferri  sulphas— c.  White,  Zinci 
sulphas. 

COPPER-NOSE,  Gutta  rosea. 

COPRACRATIA,  Scoracrasia. 

COPRAGO'GUM,  from  Ko:ioog,  <  faeces,'  and 
ayw,  '  1  bring  away.'  Slercus  e  primis  riis  edu- 
cens.  A  cathartic.  The  name  of  a  laxative 
electuary,  mentioned  by  Ruland. 

COPREM'ETOS,  Coproem'etos,  from  xonnoc, 
'excrement,'  and  tfitw,  '1  vomit.'  One  who 
vomits  faeces. —  Hippocr. 

COPROCRIT'ICUS,  from  xotiqoc,  'excre- 
ment,' and  y.onuij  'I  separate.'  A  mild  cathar- 
tic, (q    v.) — an  eccoprotic. 

COPROEMETOS,  Copremetos. 

COPROPHORIA,  Catharsis. 

COPRORRHCEA,  Diarrhoea. 

COPROS,  Excrement. 
•  COPROSCLERO'SIS,  from    xoriQoq,  'excre- 
ment,' and  crxiijiiowf  'I  harden.'     Induration  of 
fcecal  matters 

COPROSTASIS.  Constipation. 

COPTE,  or  COPTON,  from  kottto,,  '  I  beat 
or  pound.'  A  sort  of  cake,  composed  of  vege- 
table substances,  which  the  ancients  adminis- 


COPTIS 


198 


CORDS,  VOCAL 


tered  internally,  and  applied  to  the  epigastric 
region  in  the  form  of  cataplasm. 

COPTIS,  Coptis  Trift/lia,  NigeUa,  Hclkb'orus 
ti  if u' litis,  Fibra  au'reu.  Chryza  Jibrau'rea,  due- 
mu'nS  Gronlan'dica.  The  root  of  this — Coptis, 
(Ph.  U.  S.) — is  much  used  in  Massachusetts,  in 
aphthous  and  other  ulcerations  of  the  mouth, 
as  a  local  application.  It  is  a  pure  bitter,  and 
can  he  used,  wherever  such  is  indicated. 

Coptis  Teeta,  Mistime  Teeta,  (Upper  Assam) 
Hongltine  (Chinese.)  The  root  of  this  plant  is 
considered  to  he  a  powerful  tonic  and  sto- 
machic. 

COPTON,  Copte. 

COPULA,  Ligament— c.  Carnalis,  Coition— 
c.  Maona  Cerebri,  Corpus  Callosum. 
COPULATION,  Coition. 
COPYO'PIA,  Kopyo'pia,  (F.)   Lassitude  ocu-^ 
hire,  from  xonog,  'fatigue,'  and  wxp,  'the  eye.' 
Fatigue  of  vision.     Weakness  of  sight.     Ina- 
bility of  the  eye  to  sustain  continued  exertion. 
COQ-  Phasianus  Callus. 
COQUE  DU  LEVANT,  see  Menispermum 
cocculus — c.  d'CEnf,  see  Ovum — c.  Levant,  see 
Menispermum  cocculus. 

COQUELICOT,  Papaver  rhceas. 
COQUELOURDE,  Anemone  Pulsatilla. 
COQUELUCHE,  Influenza.  Pertussis. 
COQUEiVTIA  MEDICAMENTA,,  from  co- 
quere,  'to  digest.'     Medicines,  which  were  for- 
merly believed  to  be  proper  for  favouring  the 
coctinn  or  digestion  of  food. 
COQUERET,  Physalis. 
COQUETTE.  Influenza. 
COQUILLE,  Cochlea— c.d'(Euf,  see  Ovum. 
COR,  A  corn.     Also,  Heart,  (q.  v.)     v 
Cor  Bovi.kpm,  Heart,  hypertrophy  of  the. 
COR'ACO  B R  A'CHIAL,  Cor'aco  Brachiu'lis. 
Belonging  both  to  the  coracoid  ptocess  and  arm 
Con  »co-Br  ichialis  (Muscle.)  Coraco  hume- 
ral— (Ch  )   Perfora'tus    Casse'rii,    Perforatum, 
Coraco-bracliise'us,  is  situate  at   the    inner  and 
upper   part  of  the    arm.     It    arises    from    the 
coracoid  process  of  the  scapula,  and  is  inserted 
at  the  middle  part  ol  the  inner  side  of  the  hu- 
merus.    It  carries  the    arm   forwards    and    in- 
wards,  raising  the   humerus   a   little.     It  can. 
also,  by  acting  inversely,  depress  the  shoulder. 
COKACO-CLA  VTC'ULAR,  Coraco- davicula'- 
ris      Belonging  to   the    coracoid    process   and 
clavicle. 

Cohaco  Clavicular  Ligament,  called,  also, 
Omo  clavicular,  serves  to  unite  the  clavicle  to 
the  coracoid  process.  It  is  very  irregular,  and 
formed  of  two  fasciculi,  which  the  greater  part 
of  anatomists  have  described  as  particular  liga- 
ments, under  the  names  Conoid  and  Trapezoid. 
CORACO  -HUM  ERA  LIS,  Coraco-braehialis 
—  c  Hyoideus,  Oinohyoideus — c.  Radialis,  Bi- 
ceps flexor  pubiti. 

COR'ACOIO,  Coracoideus,  Cor  acuities,  C. 
Proas' >us,  Cornicuta'ris  Processus,  Crate's- beak- 
tike  Process,  Proces'sus  anchor  a' lis,  rust)  [for  mis, 
anctjroides,  from  xonul,  '  a  crow,'  and  tideg,  'ie- 
seinhlance.'  (F.)  Coracoid e.  Resembling  the 
beak  of  a  crow.  A  name  given  by  Galen,  (and 
still  retained,)  to  the  short,  thick  process,  situ* 
ate  at  the  anterior  part  of  the  upper  margin  of 
the  scapula;  which  has  some  resemblance  to 
the  bean  of  a  crow.  This  process  gives  attach- 
ment to  the  Coraco  -clavicular  and  'Cora.co-a.trd- 
mial  ligaments,  and  to  the  Coraco- bruchia' Us 
Fedora' lis  minor,  and  Biceps  muscles. 


Coracoid  Ligament,  Ligamen'lum  coracoi- 
deum,  (F.)  L.  Corucoidien.  This  name  is  given 
to  the  small  fibrous  fasciculus,  which  converts 
the  notch,  at  the  superior  margin  of  the  scapula, 
into  a  foramen. 

CORA1L,  Coral — c.  des  Jardins,  Capsicum 
annuum. 

CORAL,  Coral'lium,  Coral'lus,  Arbor  Maris, 
Azur,  Bolesis,  from  xootoi,  '  I  adorn,'  and  uXg, 
'  the  sla.'  (F.)  Corail.  One  of  the  most  beau- 
tiful productions  of  the  deep.  It  is  fixed  to  sub- 
marine rocks,  in  the  form  of  a  shrub;  and  is  of 
a  bright  red  colour.  It  is  the  habitation  of  a 
multitude  of  animals,  of  the  Zoophyta  order, 
and  is  formed  of  a  calcareous  substance,  se- 
creied  by  the  animals  themselves.  It  is  in  very 
hard, concentric  layers;  covered,  externally,  by 
a  species  of  porous  bark,  full  of  cellules,  each  of 
which  contains  one  of  these  animals.  Linnaeus 
calls  the  red  coral,  Isis  nob1  His,  and  M.  de  La- 
marck, Coral'lium  rubruin.  It  is  much  fished 
for  on  the  coasts  of  Barbary  and  Sicily.  Coral 
was  formerly  esteemed  tonic,  absorbent,  astrin- 
gent, &c;  but  analysis  has  shown,  that  it  con- 
tains only  carbonate  of  lime  and  a  little  gelatin. 
— Dioseorides,  Pliny,  Oribasius,  the  Gcoponica, 
&c.  The  Cor  allium  album  is  a  hard,  white, 
calcareous,  brittle  substance,  the  nidus  of  the 
Madrep'ora  oculuta.  It  has  been  given  as  an 
absorbent. 

CORALLl'NA.     Diminutive  of  Corallium; 
Muscus  marit'imvs,  Corallina  officinalis,  Brian, 
Corallina  alba,  Sea  Cor'ulline,  While  Worm-toeed. 
The  production  of  an  animal,  which  belongs  to 
the  genus  Fol'tjpi,  and  which  is  found  in  all  the 
seas  of  Europe; — particularly  in  the  Medilerra- 
in  an.     It  has  the  appearance  of  a  plant,  is  ho- 
mogeneous, an  inch  or  two  in  height,  of  a  white, 
reddish,  or  greenish  colour,  salt  taste,  and  ma- 
rine smell.     It  contains  gelatin,  albumen,  chlo- 
ride of  sodium,  phosphate,  carbonate  and  sul- 
phate  of  lime,  carbonate  of  magnesia,  silica, 
|  oxide  of  iron,  and  a  colouring  principle.     It  was 
'  once  much   used  as  a  vermifuge;   but  it  is  not 
j  now  employed.      Dose,  ^ss  to  ^j  in  powder. 
Corallina  Corsica'na,  Helmintlto- carton,  El- 
mintlto-corton,  Muscus  kelmint/tocortos,  Melltho- 
corton, Muscus coraUi' mis, M.Mari'nus,  Ci.uja'ni 
Helminlhocortos,  Coralli'na  rubra,  Corallina  me- 
j  hto-corton,  Lemitho-corton ,  Funis  Hilminlhc-cor- 
j  ton,    Corsican    Worm-weed.     (F.)    Coralline  de 
Corse,  Mousse  de  Corse.     It  is  a  mixture  of  se- 
veral marine  plants  and  zoophytes,  as  llw  fucus, 
ceramium,  viva,  coralline,  confervas,  &c,  and  has 
gained  great  reputation  for  destroying  all  kinds 
j  of  intestinal  worms,  when  given  in  the  form  of 
,  strong  decoction.     The  Geneva  Pharmacopoeia 
directs  an  officinal  syrup — the  Shop  de  Coralline. 
CORALLLXE  DE  CORSE,  Corallina  corsi- 
cana. 

CORALLOIDES  FUNGUS,  Clavaria  coral- 
;  loides. 

CORALWORT,  Clavaria  coralloides. 
CORD,  Funis,  Funiculus,  Chmnos,  Clice'nion, 
/June,  /oiiiw;  from  the  Latin  Chorda,  which  is 
itself  derived  from  /o'j'hj.  '  intestine;'  and,  after- 
wards, was  applied  to  musical  cords  or  strings, 
made  of  the  intestines  of  animals.   See  Chorda. 
Cord,  Umbilical,  Funiculus  umbilicalis. 
Cords,  Vocal.  Cords  of  Ferrein,  Choi 
ca'les,  Ch. Fern' nii.     A  name  given  to  the  liga- 
ments of  the  glottis,  which   Ferrein  compared 
1  to  stretched  cords,  and   to   which  he  attributed 


CORDA 


199 


CORN 


the  production  of  voice.    See  Thyreo-arytenoid 
Ligament. 

CORDA,  Chorda  —  c.  Hippncratis,  Achillis 
tendo — c.  Magna,  Achillis  lendo. 

COIWE  DJJ  TAMBOUR,  Chorda  Tympani 
— c.  da  Tympan,  Chorda  tympani. 
CORDEE,Chor,l«T. 

CORDIA  MYXA,  Sebestina— c.  Smooth- 
leaved.  Sebestina. 

COR'DIAL,  Cordia'lis,  Cardi'acus,  from  cor, 
cordis,  '  the  heart.'  Tonic  or  excitant  medi- 
cines, which  were  judged  proper  for  exciting 
the  heart. 

Cordial,  Nervous,  Brodum's,  see  Tinctura 
gentianae  composita— c.  Sir  Walter  Raleigh's, 
Confectio  aromatica — c.  Warner's,  see  Tinc- 
tura rhei  et  senna?. 

CORDlNE'MA,from  xccqu,  'the  head.'  and 
Strew,  '  I  move  about.'  Headache,  accompanied 
with  vertigo.     See  Carebaria. 

CORDIS  EMUNCTORIUM,  Axilla. 
CORDOLIUM,  Cardialgia. 
CORDON  (F),  Funiculus,  diminutive  of/w- 
nis,   'a  cord.'     A  term  applied  to  many  parts, 
which  resemble  a  small  coid. 

CORDON  KERVEUX;  Ramus  ncrrosus.  A 
principal  division  of  a  nerve  or  the  nervous 
trunk  itself. 

-  CORDON  OMBILICALE,  Funiculus  umbi- 
licalis — c.  Spermatiaue,  Spermatic  chord — c.  Tes- 
ticuluire,  Spermatic  chord. 

CORDONS  SUS-PUBIEXS,  Round  liga- 
ments of  the  uterus — c.  Vasculaires, Round  liga- 
ments of  the  uterus. 

CORE.  Pupil,  see  Furunculus. 
CORECTOM1A,  Coretomia. 
CORECTOP'IA,  from  Mnn,  <  the  pupil;'  sx, 
'out  of,'  and  roToc,  'place.'     A  condition  of  the 
iris  in  which   one  segment  is  larger   than  the 
other;  so  that  the  pupil  is   not  in  the  centre. — 
Von  Amnion. 
COREDIALYSIS,  Coretomia. 
CORE'MATA,  from  *oo"eio,  '  1  cleanse.'     Re- 
medies  proper  for  cleansing  the  skin. — Paulus 
of  Mgina. 

COREMORPHO'SIS,  Confprma'lio  Pupill'se 
artificial 'lis ;  from  KOQtj,'  the  pupil,'  and  uooipuxrig, 
'  formation.'  The  operation  for  artificial  pupil. 
See  Coretomia. 

COREON'CION,  Coron'cion,  from  xoQtj, 'the 
pupil,' and  o;y.uoi,'a  hook.'  An  instrument, 
used  for  the  formation  of  artificial  pupil  by 
Langenbeck.  It  is  hooked  at  its  extremity.  A 
double  hooked  forceps,  used  by  Von  Grufe,  is 
similarly  named. 

COR'KTODIA LYSIS,  Coretomia. 
CORETOM'IA,  from  xoqj],  'the  pupil,'  and 
tfiofir,  'to  cut.'  Corotom'ia,  Coretotom'ia,  hi- 
dotom'ia,  Corectom'ia,  Corel onectom'ia,  hidec- 
tum'ia,  Iridectomedial'ysis,  Cored  ial'ysis.  Coro- 
dial' y sis,  Coretodialysis,  hidodiaFysis.  Various 
operations  for  the  formation  of  artificial  pupil 
are  so  termed.  The  last  four  signify  the  sepa- 
ration or  tearing  asunder  of  the  iris  from  the 
ciliary  ligament ;  the  four  preceding  the  incision 
of  the  iris,  tcilh  loss  of  substance;  and  the 
remainder  signify  a  simple  incision  of  the  iris, 
without  loss  of  substance.  When  a  portion  of 
the  iris  is  left  strangulated  in  the  wound,  it  is 
termed  Iride.ticleisis, 

( '( >RETON  ECTOMIA,  Coretomia. 
CORETOTOM1A,  Coretomia. 
CORIANDER,  Coiiandrum  sativum. 


CORIAN'DRUVI  SATJ'VUM,  Corian'der, 
Corian'non.  (F.)  Coriandre.  Family,  Umbelli- 
ferae.  Sex.  Sijst.  Pentandria  Digynia.  Thesyste- 
rnatic  name  of  the  Corian' drum  ot'the  pharmaco- 
poeias. Coria'tion.  The  seeds  of  the  coriander 
have  an  aromatic  odour,  and  grateful,  pungent 
taste.  They  are  carminative;  but  are  chiefly 
used  to  cover  the  taste  of  other  medicines. 

CORlANNOfN,  Coriandrum  sativum. 

CORIGEEN,  Fucus  crispus. 

CORION,  Corium,  Hypericum  perforatum. 

CORIS,  Cimex — c.  Monspeliensis,  Symphy- 
tum Petrosum. 

CORIUM,  Corion,  (F.)  Cuir.  The  skin  of 
several  animals  is  so  called,  especially  when 
tanned.  The  cutis  vera  (q.  v.),  or  the  thickest 
part  of  the  human  skin. 

Cohium  Phlogis'ticum,  Crustu  pleuret'ica, 
C.  inflammato'ria,  C  pklogis' 'tica ,  Inflammatory 
Crust  or  Bujf,  Buffy  coat.  (F.)  Couenne,  C. 
Pleurclique.,  C.  irtflanimatoirc.  The  grayish 
crust  or  buff,  varying  in  thickness,  observed  on 
blood  drawn  from  a  vein  during  the  existence 
of  violent  inflammation,  pregnancy.  &c.  It  is 
particularly  manifest  in  pleurisy,  and  hence  one 
of  its  names.  For  its  production,  it  appears  to 
be  requisite,  that  there  should  be  an  increase 
in  the  proportion  of  the  fibrinous  element  of  the 
blood  over  that  of  the  red  corpuscles. 

The  buff'  is  generally  believed  to  consist  of 
fibrin  ;  but  according  to  the  researches  of  Mul- 
der, it  is  composed  of  a  binoxide  of  protein, 
which  is  insoluble  in  boiling  water,  and  a  tri- 
toxide  which  is  soluble.  These  oxides  are  com- 
prehended by  Mulder  under  the  name  oxypro- 
tein. 

When  the  blood  presents  this  appearance,  it 
is  said  to  be  huffy. 

CORK,  Sober. 

CORMIER,  Sorbus  domestica. 

CORMUS,  x.oQuog.  In  botany,  when  the 
stem  of  a  plant,  without  creeping  or  rootinjr,  is 
distended  under  ground,  retaining  a  round  or 
oval  form  it  is  so  called.  The  Cormus  is  vul- 
garly termed  a  root. — radix. 

CORN,  (Saxon  conn,)  (G.)  Kern.  In 
England,  this  word  means  the  Cereal, u,  or  those 
seeds,  which  grow  in  eats,  not  in  pods.  In  the 
United  States,  Corn  always  means  Indian  Corn. 
Its  English  sense  corresponds  to  the  French 
Bid  or  Bled. 

Corn,  Clavus,  Clavus  Pedis,  Ecphy'ma  Cla- 
vus, Ccmur'sa,  (F.)  Cor,  Ognon,  from  cornu, 
'horn.'  A  small,  hard,  corneous  tumour,  which 
forms  upon  the  foot,  generally  on  the  toes;  and 
which  is  commonly  produced  on  the  most  pro- 
jecting parts,  by  the  pressure  of  too  tight  shoes. 
A  part  of  the  corn  is  raised  above  the  .skin,  and 
forms  a  round  tumour,  like  the  head  of  a  nail: 
the  other  portion,  which  serves  as  its  base,  is 
buried  more  or  less  deeply  in  the  integuments, 
and  occasionally  extends  as  far  as  the  tendons 
and  periosteum.  Corns  may,  sometimes,  be 
removed,  by  immersing  the  feet  in  warm  wa- 
ter, but  commonly  they  return.  They  can, 
likewise,  be  destroyed  by  the  knife  or  caustics; 
but  these  operations  are  not  as  simple  as  they 
seem.  In  the  way  of  palliation, — they  most  be 
constantly  pared;  and,  for  the  purpose  of  pre- 
venting pressure,  any  soft  plaster,  spread  upon 
linen  or  leather,  may  be  applied,  with  a  hole  in 
the  centre,  to  receive  the  corn  ;  and  layer  after 
layer  of  plaster  be  added,  until  they  attain  the 


CORN 


200 


CORNUA  CARTILAGINIS,  &c. 


level  of  the  corn.  When  very  irritable,  the 
lunar  caustic,  rubbed  over  the  surface,  will 
generally  diminish  irritability  surprisingly.,  and 
in  a  mode  not  easy  of  explanation. 

Cork,  Zea  mays — c.  Guinea,  Panicum  Itali- 
cnm — c.  Indian,  Zea  mays — c.  Wild,  Matri- 
caria chamomilla — c.  Flag,  Gladiolus  vulgaris 
— c.  Flower,  Centaurea  cyanus — c.  Salad,  Va- 
leriana dentata. 

CORNALINE,  Cornelian. 

COKNE,  Cornu  — c.  d'Ammon,  Cornu  am- 
rrionis — c.de  Bilier, Cornu  ammonis — c.  tie  Cerf, 
Cervus,  Cornu  cervi,  Cochlearia  coronopus — 
c.  de  Chamois,  Coma  rupicapra; — c.  de  la  Peau, 
Cornu. 

CORN  A,  Corneus. 

COR'NEA,  Cornea  transpa' reus,  C.pellu'cida, 
C.  lucid'i,  Cerns,  Sclerotica  ceratoi'des,  Cerato'i'- 
des,  Ceratome'ninx,  Membra! na  cornea;  from 
cornv,  'horn.'  The  transparent  cornea.  (F.) 
Cornee.  One  of  the  coats  of  the  eye,  so  called 
because  it  has  some  resemblance  to  horn.  It  is 
termed  transparent  to  distinguish  it  from  the 
opake — Cornea  opa'ca  or  Sclerotic.  It  is  convex, 
anteriorly ;  concave,  posteriorly;  forming  nearly 
one-fifth  of  the  anterior  part  of  the  eye,  and  re- 
presenting a  segment  of  a  sphere  about  seven 
lines  and  a  half,  or  in.  0.(525  in  diameter.  It 
seems  to  be  constituted  of  lamina;  in  super- 
position, but  of  the  precise  number  anatomists 
are  not  agreed. — Henle  assigns  it  four:  the  third, 
a  very  solid  cartilaginous  lamella,  being  called 
Membrane  de  Devwurs  or  M.  de  Descent et. 

Cornea,  Opake,  Caligo — c.  Opaca,  Sclerotic 
— c.  Sugar-loaf,  Staphyloma  of  the  Cornea. 

CORNAE,  Cornea. 

CORNEL,  AMERICAN  RED-ROD,  Cor- 
nus  sericea — c.  Large  flowered,  Oornus  Florida. 

CORNE'LIAN,  Carnt'Uan,  Chalcedo'nivs, 
Carne'olus  Lapis  Carne'olus,  Cornelius,  Corne'o- 
lus,  Lapis  Sardius.  (F.)  Comaline.  A  pre- 
cious, semi-transparent  stone,  found  in  Sar- 
dinia. The  ancients  ascribed  to  it  a  number  of 
absurd  properties. 

CORNRLUS,  Cornelian. 

CORNEOLUS,  Cornelian. 

COR'NEOUS,  Corneus,  (F.)  Come.  Having 
the  nature  or  appearance  of  horn. 

Corneous  Tissue  is  that  which  forms  the 
nails.     The  corneous  membrane  is  the  cornea. 

CORNES  DE  LIMACON  {¥.),  Snails 
Horns.  A  name  given,  by  'Anel,to  the  lachry- 
mal puncta  and  ducts. 

CORSES  DE  LA  MJ1TR1CE,  Cornua  uteri 
— c.  de  la  Peau,  Horny  excrescences. 

CORNESTA,  Retort. 

CORNET  ACOUSTIQUE,  Ear-trumpet— c 
Moyen,  Turbinated  bone,  middle— c.  de  Mor- 
gagni,  Turbinated  bone,  superior. 

CORNETS  DE  BERTIN,  Sphenoidal  cor- 
nua—  r   Sphenoidavx,  Sphenoidal  cornua. 

CORNICHON.  see  Cucumis  sativus. 

CORNICULA'RIS  FROCES'SUS,  Coracoid 
process. 

CORNIC'ULUM,  diminutive  of  cornu,  'a 
horn,'  'a  little  horn.'  A  species  of  cupping  in- 
strument, shaped  like  a  trumpet,  having  a  hole 
at  the  top  for  sucking  the  air  out,  to  diminish 
the  pressure  in  its  interior.— Scultetus,  Hil- 
danus. 

Cornichlum  Larvn'gis,  Capit'ulum  Santo- 
ri'ni,  Suvra-urylenoid  Cartilages,  Capit'ulum 
Carding" inis    arytenoidxx.       A     small,    very 


movable,  cartilaginous  tubercle,  found  on  the 
arytenoid  cartilages,  (q    v.) 

CORNIER,  Oornus  Florida..      . 

CORNOUILLER,  Cornus  Florida— c.  d  Feu- 
Hies  arrondies,  Cornus  circinata — c.  a  Gra/uhs 
fleurs,  Cornus  Florida — c.  Soyeux,  Cornus  se- 
ricea. 

CORNU,  Ccras,  Corn,  Horn.  (F.)  Come. 
A  conical,  hard,  epidermeous  projection,  which 
grows  on  the  heads  of  certain  animals,  serving 
them  as  a  weapon  of  offence  and  defence.  Ana- 
tomists have  given  this  name  to  parts  of  the 
human  body,  which  have  nearly  the  same  shape 
as  the  horns  of  animals. 

Cornu.  A  horny  excrescence.  A  Corneous 
Wart,  which  occasionally  forms  on  the  skin, 
and  requires  the  ,use  of  the  knife.  (F.)  Come 
de  la  Peau.  See  Corn.  Also,  Cornu  Cervi. 
(q.  v)     See  Cervus.     Also,  a  Retort,  (q.  v.) 

Cornu  Acustjcum.  Ear-trumpet. 

Cornu  Ammon'is,  Cornu  Arie'tis,  Hivpocam'- 
pvs  major,  Protnberan'tia  cylin'drica,  Vermis 
Bombyc"inus,  Proces'sus  cer'ebri  lateral  lis.  (F.) 
Corne  d'Ammon,  Come  de  Dilicr,  Grande  Hip- 
pocampe,  Pied  de  cheval marin,  Protuberance  cy- 
lindro'ide  (Ch.),  Bourrekt  route.  A  broad,  con- 
siderable eminence,  curved  on  itself,  and  situ- 
ate at  the  posterior  part  of  the  lateral  ventricle. 
Its  surface  presents  two  or  three  tubercles  sepa- 
rated from  each  other  by  shallow  grooves. 

The  Accesso'rius  Pedis  Hippocam'pi,  (F.)  Ac- 
cessoire  du  pied  d'ltippocampe,  is  a  prominence, 
usually  formed  by  the  base  of  the  inferior  cornu 
of  the  lateral  ventricle  of  the  brain.  Itis  merely 
a  fold  of  the  hemisphere,  and  was  by  Malacarne 
called  Cuissart  ou  Armure  des  Jambes. 

ConNu  Anterius  Ventric'um  Latera'lis; 
Anterior  Cornu  of  the  Lat'eral  Ven'tricle.  The 
portion  of  the  lateral  ventricle  of  the  brain, 
which  is  lodged  in  the  middle  of  the  lobe,  and 
forms  the  commencement,  of  that  cavity. 

Cornu  Cervi,  Cornu.  Hartshorn,  Cornu  Ccr- 
vi'num,  Cervi  Efaphi  Cornu.  (F.)  Corne  de 
cerf.  The  horns  of  various  species  of  the  stag. 
They  contain  about  27  per  cent,  of  gelatin.  The 
shavings,  Raspalu'ra  seu  Ras'ura  Cornu  Cervi, 
C.  C.  raspu'tum,  boiled  in  water,  have,  conse- 
quently, been  esteemed  emollient  and  nutritive. 

When  burnt,  they  constitute  the  Cornu  cervi 
calcina'tum  or  Cornu  ustum,  Phosphas  Calcis, 
Calca'ria  phosphor' ica,  (F.)  Corne  de  cerf  calci- 
ne'e,  which  consists  of  57.5  per  cent,  of  phos- 
phate of  lime.  It  has  been  used  as  an  antacid, 
but  is  wholly  inert,  as  its  composition  would 
indicate.  It  contains  only  1  per  cent,  of  carbo- 
nate of  lime. 

Hartshorn  was  once  supposed  to  possess  a 
bezoardic  power. — J.  Vesti. 

Cornu  (Cervincm.)  Cervus,  Planlago  coron- 
opns — c.  Ethmoidal,  Turbinated  bone,  middle. 

Cornu  Desckn'dens  Ventric'um  Latera'- 
lis, Dig"itai  Cav'ity,  Descending  or  inferior 
cornu  of  the  lateral  ventricle.  The  termination 
of  the  lateral  ventricle  in  1  he  middle  lobe  of  the 
brain,  behind  the  fissure  of  Sylvius. 

Cornu,  Middle,  Turbinated  bone,  middle. 

Cornu  Rupica'pr.'e,  (F.)  Corne  de  Chamois. 
The  horn  of  the  chamois.  It  has  the  same 
properties  as  the  Cornu  Cervi. 

CORNUA,  Turbinated  bones. 

Cornua  Cartilag"ims  Thyroide^e.  Emi- 
nences on  the  thyroid  cartilage,  distinguished 
into  arcat  or  superior; — which  are  articulated 


CORN  U A  COCCYGIS 


201 


CORPORA  FIMBR1ATA 


with  the  great  cornu  of  the  os  hyoides; — and 
into  small  or  inferior,  united  with  the  cricoid 
cartilage. 

Corn c A  Coccy'gis,  Cornua  of  the  Coccyx. 
Two  small,  tubercular  eminences  at  the  base  of 
the  coccyx,  which  are  articulated  with  those  of 
the  sacrum. 
Cornua  Cutanea,  Horny  excrescences. 
Cornua  Hyoidei  Ossis,  Cornua  of  the  Hyoid 
Bone.  Four  fragments  of  the  os  hyoides,  situ- 
ate above  the  body  of  the  bone,  and  distin- 
guished into  the  small  or  superior,  and  the 
great  or  lateral. 

Cornua  Laciirymaua,  Lachrymal  ducts — c. 
Limacum,  Lachrymal  ducts. 

Cornua  Poste'riijs  Ventric'uli  Latera'i.is, 
Posterior  Cornu  of  the  Lateral  Ventricle.  The 
triangular  prolongation  of  the  lateral  ventricle 
of  the  brain  into  the  substance  of  the  occipital 
lobe. 

Cornua  Sacra'lia,  Cornua  of  the  Sacrum. 
Two  tubercles,  situate  at  the  posterior  and  in- 
ferior surface  of  the  sacrum,  which  are  some- 
times united. 

Cornua  U'teri,  Cornua  of  the  Uterus,  Ce- 
rcece,  *.tj><xiai,  P/ic'tanse,  (F.)  Comes  de  la  Ma- 
trice.  The  angles  of  the  uterus,  where  the  Fal- 
lopian tubes  arise.  Sometimes  applied  to  the 
Fallopian  tubes  themselves. 
CORNUE,  Retort. 
CORiNUMUSA,  Retort. 

CORN  US  AMOMUS,  C.  sericea— c.  Blue- 
ben  ied,  c.  Sericea. 

Corn  us  Circina'ta,  Round-leaved  Dogwood, 
(F.)  Cornouiller  afenillcs  arrondies.  The  bark 
of  this  variety  has  been  used  for  similar  pur- 
poses with  the  next. 

Cornus  Floii'ida,  Dogicood,  Dogtree,  Box- 
tree,  Bitter  Redberry,  Largefloioercd  Cornel, 
Crcat-fluiocred  Dogwood,  Florida  Dogwood,  Male 
Virginian  Dogicood,  Boxwood,  (New  England,) 
(F.j  Cornouiller,  Cornier,  C.  a  grandes  flews. 
The  bark  of  this  beautiful  tree,  which  grows 
every  where  in  the  United  States,  has  been 
long  employed  as  a  substitute  for  the  cinchona. 
Dose,  from  ^ss  to  gj.  Its  active  principle  has 
been  separated  from  it,  and  received  the  name 
of  Cornine. 

Cornus  Fcsmina,  C.  sericea — c.  Mas  odorata. 
Laurus  sassafras — c.  Rubiginosa,  C.  sericea — c. 
Sanguinea,  Sebestina,  C.  sericea. 

Cornus  Seri"cea,  Cornus  umo'mus,  G.  faz'- 
inina,  C.  rubigino'sa,  C.  sanguin'ea,  Swamp 
Dogwood,  Red  Willow,  Rose  Willow,  New  Eng- 
land Dogwood,  Female  Dogwood,  Silky  leaved 
Dogwood,  American  red  rod  Cornel,  Blueberried 
Dogwood,  Blueberried  Cornus,  (F.)  Cornouiller 
soyeux.  The  bark,  it  is  said,  has  been  found 
little  inferior  to  the  Cincho'na  Pal'lida  in  inler- 
mittenls. — Rarton. 
CO  RNUTA,  Retort. 
COROD1ALYSIS,  Coretomia. 
CORONA,  Crown — c.  Dentis,  Crown  of  a 
tooth — c.  Glanrlis,  Crown  of  the  glans — c.  Pos- 
terior ulnce,  Olecranon — c.  Regia,  Trifolium 
melilotus — c.  Ulnaj,  01eccanon--c.  Veneris, 
Crown  of  Venus. 

CORON.E  CILIARIS  MEMBRANULA, 
Ciliaris  (zonula) — c.  Palpebrarum,  see  Tarsus. 
CORO'NAL,  Corona' lis,  Corona' rius.  Re- 
lating to  the  croion;  from  corona,  'a crown.'  A 
name  formeily  given  to  thcfrontal  bone,  because 
on  it  partly  reposes  the  crown  of  kings,  &c. 
14 


Coronal  Suture,  Sulu'ra  corona'lis,  8.  Fran- 
to-pai ieta' lis,  Puppis  Sutura,  S.  Jtrcua'lis.  The 
suture  of  the  head,  which  extends  from  one 
temporal  bone  to  the  other,  over  the  crown  of 
the  head,  and  unites  the  parietal  bones  with 
the  frontal.  The  Suture  Coronale,  of  the  French 
anatomists,  is  the  suture  which  unites  the  two 
halves  of  the  os  frontis  at  the  early  period  of 
life.     It  is  a  prolongation  of  the  sagittal. 

CORONALE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
These  waters  are  found  near  Lucca,  in  Italy. 
They  received  their  name  from  an  erroneous 
notion,  that  they  are  particularly  adapted  for 
curing  diseases  of  the  os  frontis.  Their  tem- 
perature is  95°  Fahrenheit.  They  contain  free 
carbonic  acid,  sulphates  of  lime  and  magnesia, 
chlorides  of  sodium  and  magnesium,  &c,  and 
some  iron. 

CORONAR1US.  Coronal. 

COR'ONARY,  Corona' rius,  (F.)  Coronaire, 
from  corona,  'a  crown.'     Resembling  a  crown. 

Cor'onary  Ar'terv  of  the  Stomach,  Arte1- 
ria  Corona'ria  Ventric'uli,  A.  Gas'trica  supe.'rior, 
(F.)  Artere  coronaire  slomachique,  A.  Stomogns- 
trique  (Ch.),  is  one  of  the  branches  of  the  cce- 
liac,  which  passes  towards  the  superior  orifice 
of  the  stomach,  extends  along  its  lesser  curva- 
ture, and  ends  by  anastomosing  with  the  pylo- 
ric branch  of  the  hepatic.  This  artery  furnishes 
branches  to  the  inferior  part  of  the  oesophagus. 
the  cardiac  orifice,  the  great  cul-de-sac,  the 
middle  part  of  the  stomach,  the  lesser  omentum, 
and  anastomoses  with  the  other  arteries  of 
those  organs. 

Coronary  Ligament  of  the  liver  is  a  reflec- 
tion of  the  peritoneum,  which  surrounds  the 
posterior  margin  of  the  liver.  The  same  term 
is  likewise  applied  to  ligaments,  which  unite 
the  radius  and  ulna. 

1  Coronary  Vein  of  the  Stomach,  Vena 
Coronaria  Ventric'uli,  accompanies  the  artery 
and  terminates  in  the  vena  porta.  Sommering, 
and  some  other  anatomists,  call  all  the  four  ar- 
teries of  the  stomach  Coronarix  stomachicse. 

CORONCION,  Coreoncion. 

CORO'NE,  from  y.onuni],  'a  crow.'  The 
coronoid  process  of  the  lower  jaw. 

COR'ONOID,  Corono'i'des,  from  xogci>i'»;,  'a 
crow,'  and  adog,  'shape,'  'resemblance.'  Re- 
sembling the  beak  of  a  crow.  This  name  has 
been  given  to  two  processes.  One,  situate  at 
the  anterior  and  superior  part  of  the  ramus  of 
the  os  maxillare  inferius,  and  affording  attach- 
ment to  the  temporal  muscle:  the  other, called, 
also,  sharp  process,  situate  at  the  superior  part 
of  the  ulna,  anterior  to  the  great  sigmoid  fossa, 
and  forming  a  part  of  the  hinge  of  the  elbow- 
joint. 

CORONOPODIUM,  Plantago  coronopus. 

CORONOPUS,  Cochlearia  coronopus  —  c. 
Ruellii,  Cochlearia  coronopus. 

COROTOMIA,  Coretomia. 

CORPORA  ALBICANTIA,  Mamillary  tu- 
bercles— c.  Arantii,  Noduli  Arantii,  Tnbercula 
A. — c.  Bigemina,  Quadrigemina  corpora — c. 
Candicantia,  Albicantia  corpora,  Mamillary  tu- 
bercles— c.  Fibrosa,  Corps  Fibreux. 

Cor'poha  Fimbria'ta,  Taenia  Hippocam'pi, 
Fimbriated  or  fringed  bodies.  (F.)  Corps  I' 'ran- 
ge's, C.  Bordis,  Bandelettes  des  Comes  d'Aoi- 
mon,  Bandelette  de  /' Hippor.umpe.  The  thin, 
flattened,  and  very  delicate  band,  situate  along 
the  concave  edge  of  the  cornu  ammonis,  and 


CORPORA  GENICULATA 


202 


CORPUS  DENTATUM 


which  is  a  continuation  of  the   posterior  crura 
oi"  the  fornix. 

Corpora  Gjeniccla'ta,  (F.)  Corps  genicules. 
C.  ginouillis.  Two  tubercles,  situate  at  the 
lower  and  outer  part  of  the  optic  thalami, 
which  furnish  several  filaments  to  the  optic 
nerves. 

Corpora  Gi.obosa  Cervicis  Uteri,  Nabothi 
glandular 

Cor'pora  Malpighia'na,  M(tl[>;<r'hian  Bo- 
dies, Acf'ini  of  Mai  pig' hi.  Scattered  through 
the  plexus  formed  by  the  blood-vessels  and  uri- 
niferous  tube-;  in  ihe  kidney,  a  number  of  small 
dark  points  may  be  seen  with  the  naked  eye, 
which  received  the  name  from  Malpighi,  their 
describer.  Ench  of  these,  under  the  micro- 
scope, is  found  to  consist  of  a  convoluted  mass 
of  blood-vessels.  It  was  at  one  ti trie  supposed, 
that  the  tubuli  uriniferi  originate  in  them;  but 
this  does  not  appear  to  be  the  case.  Their  use 
is  not  positively  known,  as  they  have  been 
lately  traced  by  Mr.  Bowman  into  the  com- 
mencement of  the  urinary  tubes,  in  which  they 
lie  uncovered;  it  has  been  supposed  that  their 
office  may  be  to  separate  the  watery  portions  of 
the  blood  to  be  mixed  with  the  proper  urinous 
matter. 

Corpora  Nerveo-Sfongiosa  Penis,  Corpora 
cavernosa — c.  Nervosa,  Corpora  cavernosa. 

Corpora  Oi.iva'ria,  C.  ova'la,  Eminen'tia 
Olieares,  (Eminences  laterales,  Ch.)  Oblong, 
whitish  eminences,  situate  at  the  occipital  sur- 
face of  the  medulla  oblongata,  exterior  to  the 
corpora  pyramidalia. 

Corpora  Ovata,  Corpora  olivaria. 

Corpora  Pykamida'i.ia,  Eminen'tia  py rami- 
da'les,  (F.)  Corps  pyrarnidaux,  Pyramides  ante- 
rieures  (Gall,)  Eminences  pyramidalcs  (Ch.) 
Two  small  medullary  eminences,  placed  along- 
side each  other,  at  the  occipital  surface  of  the 
medulla  oblongata,  between  the  corpora  oliva- 
ria. These  bodies  have  also  been  called  Corpora 
Pyramidalia  anti'ca,  to  distinguish  them  from 
the  C.  olivaria,  which  have  been  called  Corpora 
Pyramidalia  latera'lia. 

Corpora  Pyramidalia  Postf.riora,  Corpora 
restiformia — c    Quadrigemina,  Q.  corpora. 

Corpora  Restifor'mia,  Crura,  inedul'la  ob- 
longa'tae,  Pidun'cufi  medullas,  oblongata1,  Corpora 
pyramidalia.  poslcrio'ra,  Ped'uncles  of  the  me- 
dul'la oldonga'ta;  (F.j  Corps  restiformes,  Clas- 
ses poslerieures,  Pyramides  posterieures  du  a r- 
veltt,  Racines,  Bras  ou  Jambes  du  cervelet,  Pe- 
tiles  brandies  de  la  mo'eUe  allongSe,  Pedoncules 
du  cervelet.  Two  medullary  projections,  ob- 
long, and  of  a  whitish  appearance,  which  pro- 
ceed from  each  side  of  the  upper  extremity  of 
the  medulla  oblongata,  and  contribute  to  the 
formation  of  the  cerebellum. 

Corpora  Stria'ta,  Grand  gang/ion  supc- 
ricur  du  cerveau  (Gall,)  Couches  (Its  nerfs  eth- 
mo'idaux,  Corps  canneles,  Eminen'tia  Lenticu- 
la!  res,  Collic'u/i  Ncrvi  Ethmoid  a' I  is,  Ap'ices 
durum  medul'la  oblonga'ta,  (F.)  Corps  strie's. 
Pyriform  eminences,  of  a  slightly  brownish- 
gray  colour,  which  form  part  of  the  floor  of  the 
lateral  ventricles  of  the  brain.  When  cut,  a 
mixture  of  gray  and  white  substance  is  seen, 
arranged  alternately,  to  which  they  owe  their 
name.  All  the  white  bands  are  continuous  with 
the  primary  fasciculi  of  the  corpora  olivaria. 
Willis  considered  that  the  soul  resided  there. 


Corpora  Striata  Superna  Posteiuora, 
Thalami  nervorum  opticorum. 

CORPS,  Body — c.  Bordcs,  Corpora  fimbriata 
— c.  Calleux,  Corpus  callosum — c.  CanneMs, 
Corpora  striata — c.  Caverneux,  Corpora  caver- 
nosa— c.  Cendre,  Corpus  dentatum — c.  Ciliaire, 
Corpus  dentatum — c.  Denteld,  Corpus  dentatum 
— c.  Stranger,  Extraneous  body — c.  Ftstonnc, 
Corpus  dentatum. 

Corps  Fibreux,  Corpora  fibro'sa.  Bayle  has 
given  this  name  to  adventitious,  fibrous  pro- 
ductions, of  a  round  form, — more  or  less  adhe- 
rent, and  sometimes  having  a  pedicle, — which 
form  in  certain  parts  of  the  body,  particularly 
in  the  substance  of  the  uterus. 

Corps  Franges,  Corpora  fimbriata — c.  Geni- 
cities,  Corpora  geniculate — c.  Hyajo'ide,  Corpus 
vitreum  — c.  d'Hygmorc  ou  d'  High  more,  Corpus 
Highmori — c.  Jaune,  Corpus  lutcum — c.  Mu- 
queux,  Corpus  mucosum — c.  Orgunisc's,  Oro-a,. 
nized  bodies — c.  Pampiniforme,  Corpus  pam- 
piniforme — c.  Pyrarnidaux,  Corpora  pyramida- 
lia—  c.  Restiformes,  Corpora  restiformia  —  c. 
rhomboide,  Corpus  dentatum — c.  Strife,  Corpora 
striata— c.  T/iyro'ide,  Thyroid  gland — c.  Varici- 
forme,  Epididymis— c.  Variqueux,  Corpus  pam- 
piniforme, Epididymis — c.  Vitrc,  Corpus  vi- 
treum. 

CORPULEN'TIA,  Cor'pulence,  from  corpus, 
'the  body,'  and  lentus,  'thick,'  is  synonymous 
with  Obesity  and  Polysarcia,  (q.  v.) 

Cokpui.emti a  Caknosa,  Torositas. 

CORPUS,  Soma,  A  Body.  (q.  v.)  Any  ob- 
ject which  strikes  one  or  more  of  our  senses. 
Gases,  liquids,  metals,  vegetables,  animals,  are 
so  many  bodies.  Natural  bodies  have  been 
divided  into  animal,  vegetable,  and  mineral;  or 
into  inorganic,  including  the  mineral  kingdom; 
and  organized,  including  the  animal  and  ve.Te-' 
table.  The  chief  differences  between  organized 
and  inorganic  bodies  consists  in  the  former 
having  an  origin  by  generation,  growth  by  nu- 
trition, and  termination  by  death:  the  latter,  a 
fortuitous  origin,  external  growth,  and  a  termi- 
nation by  chemical  or  mechanical  force. 

Many  parts  of  the  frame  have,  also,  been  dis- 
tinguished by  this  name,  as  Corpus  Callosum, 
C.  Mucosum,  &c. — See  Body. 

Corpus  Adeniforme,  Prostate — c.  Adenoi- 
des,  Prostate — c.  Adiposuin,  Pinguedo — c. 
Alienum.  Extraneous — c.  Annulare,  Pons  va- 
rolii. 

Corpus  Cai.losum,  Commissu'ru  Magna  cer- 
ebri, Trubs  Medulla' ris,  Trabcc'u/a,  Cap' u la  mag- 
na ce/cbri,  (F.)  Corps  calleux,  Voule  medullaire, 
Plafond  des  ventricules  du  cerveau,  Mesolobe 
(Ch  )  A  white,  medullary  band,  perceived  on 
separating  the  two  hemispheres  of  the  brain, 
which  it  connects  with  each  other.  La  Pey- 
ronie regarded  it  as  the  seat  of  the  soul. 

Coiirus  Ciliare,  Cilinry  Body,  Corpus  den- 
tatum, see  Ciliary — c  Cinereum,  Corpus  den- 
tatum— c.  Conoides,  Pineal  gland  — c.  Crystal- 
loides,  Crystalline. 

Corpus  Denta'tum  vel  Df.nticula'tum,  C. 
Cilia' re,  (F.)  Corps  denlele,  Corps  fcslonne.  A 
cenlial.  oval  nucleus,  of  cinerilious  substance, 
niet  with  in  the  cerebellum;  the  circumference 
of  which  exhibits  a  number  of  indentations, 
surrounded  by  medullary  substance  — Vicq 
d'Azyr.  It  is  seen  by  dividing  the  cerebellum 
vertically  into  two  equal  parts— The  same  body 
has   been    called    Corps  ccndr6  ou  ciliaire,  ou 


CORPUS  DISCOIDES 


203 


CORROSION 


rhombo'ide,  Corpus  Cine'reum,  C.  Rhombo'ideum, 
Gang/ton  du  cerxelet,  Noyau  central  des  Pidon- 
cules  du  ccrvelet,  Nucleus  dentatus  seu  fimbria'- 
tits  seu  centra' lis  sen  rhomlioida'lis,  Substantia 
rhomboldea,  Gan'glion  cilia're,  Gan'  gl  ion  cerebelli. 
Corpus  Discoi des, Crystalline — c. Externum, 
Extraneous  body — c.  Extraneum,  Extraneous 
body— c  Glandiforme,  Prostate — c.Glandosum, 
Prostate — c.  Glandulosum,  Prostate. 

Corpus  Gi.andulo'sum  Mulie'rum,  Gland'- 
ula.  Pros' lata  Mulierum.  A  vascular,  spongy 
eminence,  which  surrounds  the  orifice  of  the 
urethra,  and  projects  at  its  under  part. 

Corpus  Highho'bi,  C.  Higknwria'num,Mea'- 
tus  sc/uina'rius,  (F.)  Corps  d'Hygmore  ou 
d  Highm.ore,  Sinus  des  vaisseavx  seminiferes, 
(Ch.)  An  oblong  eminence,  along  the  superior 
edge  of  the  testicle,  which  seems  formed  of  a 
reflection  of  the  tunica  albuginea,  through 
which  the  principal  trunks  of  the  seminiferous 
vessels  pass  before  they  reach  the  epididymis. 
Corpus  Lu'teu.m,  (F.)  Corps  jaune.  A  small 
yellowish  body,  perceived  in  the  ovarium, 
owing  to  the  rupture  of  one  of  the  vesicles.  It 
was,  for  a  long  time,  considered  an  evidence  of 
previous  impregnation:  but  it  is  now  main- 
tained, that  Corpora  liUea  may  be  met  with  in 
unquestionable  virgins. 

Corpus  Muco'sum,  C.  rcticula're,  RetS  muco'- 
sitm,  Mucus  Mali>ig'hii,  Rete  Malpig'hii,  Mu- 
cous u-eb,  (F.)  Corps  muquevx.  The  second 
layer  of  the  skin  has  been  so  called.  It  is 
situate  between  the  cutis  vera  and  cuticle,  and 
gives  colour  to  the  body.  In  the  white  varie- 
ties of  our  species  it  is  colourless;  in  the  ne- 
gro, black.  By  some  anatomists  the  existence 
of  such  a  distinct  layer  is  denied. 

Corpus  Okf.nse,  Corpus  Wolffianum. 
Corpus  Pampinifor'me,  C.  varico'sum,  from 
pampinus,  'a  tendril.'  Co/pus  pyramida' Is, 
Hidero!  ecus  plexus,  (F.)  'Corps  pampiniforme, 
C.  VariqueuX.  The  plexus  or  retiform  arrange- 
ment of  the  spermatic  arteries  and  veins,  in  the 
cavity  of  the  abdomen,  anterior  to  the  psoas 
muscle. 

Corpus  Papilla'he.  Textus  papilla'ris,  Cor- 
pus recticula'rS.  The  nervous  and  vascular  pa- 
pillas,  situate  beneath  the  epidermis,  called  by 
Breschet  Neurothelic  apparatus. 

Cori  us  Phacoidks, Crystalline — c.  Pituitare, 
Pituitary  gland — c.  Psalloides,  Lyra — c.  Pyra- 
midale,  Corpus  pampiniforme — c.  Reticulare, 
Corpus  mucosum,  Corpus  Papillare — c.  Rhom- 
boideum,  Corpus  dentatum  —  c.  Thymianum, 
Thymus — c.  Thymicum,  Thymus — c.  Thyreoi- 
deum,  Thyroid  gland — c.  Turbinatum.  Pineal 
gland — c.  Varicosum,  Corpus  pampiniforme, 
Spermatic  chord — c.  Varicosum  testis,  Epididy- 
mis. 

Corpus  Spongiosum  Uue'thr;e,  Suhstan' tia 
spongio'sa  ure'thrse.  This  substance  arises  be- 
fore the  prostate  gland,  surrounds  the  urethra, 
and  forms  the  bulb.  It  then  proceeds  to  the 
end  of  the  corpora  cavernosa,  and  terminates 
in  the  glans  penis,  which  it  forms. 

Corp  is  Vit'eeum,  Humor  Vitrcus,  H.  Hya- 
loides,  G  lucid' I  is  humor,  Vitreous  hurnor.  (F.) 
Corps  viti-6,  C.  hyaloid e,  Hurueur  hyalmde.  The 
transparent  mass  of  a  gelatinous  consistence, 
which  fills  the  eye,  behind  the  crystalline.  It 
is  contained  in  cells,  formed  by  the  tunica  hya- 
loiden. 

Corpus  Wolffia'num,  Corpus  O/cen'sS.     At 


a  very  early  period  of  festal  formation,  bodies 
are  perceptible,  which  were  first  described,  as 
existing  in  the  fowl, by  Wolff,and  in  the  mam- 
malia, by  Oken.  According  to  Miiller,  they 
disappear  in  man  very  early,  so  that  but  slight 
remains  of  them  are  perceptible  after  the  9th  or 
10th  week  of  pregnancy .  They  cover  the  re- 
gion of  the  kidneys  and  renal  capsules,  which 
are  formed  afterwards;  and  they  are  presumed 
to  be  the  organs  of  urinary  secretion  during  the 
first  periods  of  fostal  existence. 

CORPUSCLES,  BLOOD,  Globules  of  the 
blood — c.  Glandiform,  Acinus — c.  Lymph,  see 
Lymph. 

Corpuscles,  Pacin'ian,  so  called  from  Fi- 
lippo  Pacini,  an  Italian  physician,  who  first 
noticed  them  in  1830.  Small  bodies  connected 
with  the  cutaneous  nerves  of  the  palm  and 
sole.  They  have  also  been  found,  sparingly 
and  inconstantly  in  nerves  at  the  wrist  and 
elbow;  in  the  upper  arm,  forearm,  and  thigh, 
and  intercostal  nerve,  the  sacral  plexus,  solar 
plexus  and  the  plexuses  adjacent  to  it.  In  each 
corpuscle  is  the  termination  of  a  nervous  fila- 
ment.    Their  uses  are  not  known. 

Corpusci.es  Splenic,  see  Spleen — c.  White 
granulated,  see  Globulin. 

CORPUSCULA  ARANTII.Tubercula  A— 
c.  Glandularum  similia  intestinorum,  Peyeri 
glandulas — c.  Globosa  cervicis  uteri,  Nabothi 
glandulse. 

CORPUSCTJLUM  ARANTII,  see  Sigmoid 
valves — c.  Sesamoideum,  see  Sigmoid  valves. 
CORRAGO,  Borago  officinalis. 
CORRE,  Corse,  from  xe iquj,  '  1  shave.'  (?)   The 
temples  or  the  part  of  the  jaws,  which   it  is 
usual  to  shave. — Gorrseus. 

CORRECTIF,  Corrigent. 
.  CORRECTION,  Coiredtio,  from  corrigerc, 
(con,  and  regcre,  'to  rule  or  order,')  'to  correct.' 
The   act  of  correcting  medicines;  that  is,  of 
diminishing  their  energy  or  obviating  unplea- 
sant effects,  by  mixing  them  with  substances 
which  mitigate  their  operation. 
CORRECTORIUS.  Corrigens. 
CORRIGEEN  MOSS,  Fucus  crispus. 
COR'RIGENT,    Cor'rigens,  Correcto'rius, 
Casli'gans,  Infrin'gens,  Emeu' dans  :  same  ety- 
mon.   (F.)Corrcctif.    That  which  corrects.    A 
corrigent,  in  a  pharmaceutical  formula,  is  a  sub- 
stance added  to  a  medicine  to  mollify  or  mo- 
dify its  action.     In  the  following  formula,  the 
aloes,  if  not  corrected,  might  induce  tormina. 
The  Oleum  Menthx  is  added  as  a  corrigent. 

5<         Moes,  £j 

Olei.  Menthx,  gtt."  v 

Syrup  q.  s.  utfiant  Pilula         xvj 

CORRI'GIA.  A  leathern  strap.  By  exten- 
sion, the  term  has  been  applied  to  the  tendons 
and  ligaments. 

CORROB'ORANT,  Corrol/orans,  Rob' or  cms, 
Bracing,  from  corroborure,  (con,  and  robur, 
'strength,')  '  to  strengthen.'  (F.)  Corroborant, 
Corroboratif,  Forlifiant.  Any  substance  which 
strengthens  and  gives  tone.  Wine,  e.  g.,  is  a 
corroborant.      See  Tonic. 

CORROBORANT! A.  Tonics. 

CORROBORATIF,  Corroborant. 

CORRODJINT,  Corrosive. 

CORRODKNS,  Corrosive. 

CORROSIF,  Corrosive. 

COR  RO'SION ,  Corro'sio,  Diabro'sis,  Anabro'- 


CORROSIVE 


204 


CORYLUS  ROSTRATA 


sis,  Ero'sio,  from  con,  and  rodcre,  rosum,  'to 
gnaw.'  The  action  or  effect  of  corrosive  sub- 
stances 

CORRO'SIVE,  Corro'dens,  Dlubrot'icus,  Cor- 
rosi'vus,  same  etymon.  (F.)  Corrosif,  Corro- 
dnnt.  Corrosives  are  substances,  which,  when 
placed  in  contact  with  living  parts,  gradually 
disorganize  them.  Caustic  alkalies,  Mineral 
acids,  Corrosive  sublimate,  are  corrosives.  They 
act  either  directly,  by  chemically  destroying 
the  part,  or  indirectly,  by  causing  inflammation 
and  gangrene. 

CORRUGA'TION,  Corrvga'tio,  from  con, 
and  ruga,  'a  wrinkle.'  Wrinkling,  Frowning, 
(F.)  Froncemcnt;  the  contraction  of  the  Corru- 
gato'res  Supercil'ii  muscles.  Corrugation  of 
the  skin  is  often  owing  to  the  application  of 
styptic  medicines:  it  is  rendered  by  them  un- 
equal and  rugous. 

CORRUGATOR  COITERII,  Corrugator  su- 
percilii. 

Corruga'tor  Supercil'ii,  from  corrvgare, 
'to  wrinkle;'  same  etymon.  M  its' cuius  super- 
cil'ii, Supercilia'ris,  M us' cuius  fronta'lis  verus 
seu  Corruga'tor  Coile'rii;  (F.)  Cutaniosourci- 
lier,  Muscle  Sourcilier  ou  Surcilier,  M.  Fronto- 
Sourcilier.  A  muscle  situate  in  the  eyebrows. 
It  is  attached,  by  its  inner  extremity,  to  the  su- 
perciliary ridge,  and  is  confounded,  externally, 
with  the  oceipito-frontalis  and  orbicularis  pal- 
pebrarum. Jt  carries  the  eyebrow  inwards,  and 
wrinkles  the  skin  of  the  forehead. 

CORRUPTION,  Corrup'tio,  Phthora,  Di- 
aplt'tltora,  from  corrumpere,  corrvptum,  (con, 
and  rumpere,  '  to  break,')  'to  destroy.'  Act  of 
corrupting.  State  of  being  corrupted.  Reac- 
tion of  the  particles  of  a  body  upon  each  other. 
It  is  probable  that  something  like  corruption 
may  take  place  even  in  the  living  body. 

CORSE,  Corre. 

CORSET,  from  (F.)  corps,  <  the  body.'  Ste- 
thodes'mium,  Tu'nica  Thora'cis,  Thorax-  An 
article  of  dress,  which  closely  embraces  the 
trunk, and  is  much  used  by  females  in  civilized 
countries.  When  corsets  or  slays  are  worn 
very  tight,  many  serious  evils  result  from  the 
unnatural  compression. 

Different  bandages,  more  or  less  complicated, 
which  embrace  the  greater  part  of  the  trunk, 
are  likewise  so  called. 

CORSET  DE  BR.1SDOR.  The  name  of  a 
bandage  invented  by  one  Brasdor,  tn  keep  in 
situ  the  fragments  of  a  fractured  clavicle. 

CORTALON,  Senecio. 

CORTEX,  Phloios,  Phloos,  Phlous,  <f?.otog. 
qZoog,  qi?.ovg,  Bark,  (F.)  ltcorce.  This  word  has 
often  been  applied,  exclusively,  to  Cinchona: 
thus,  we  say  Bark — the  cortex  or  bark  x*r' 
tio/ijv.     It  means,  also,  any  bark. 

Cortex  Alcomoco,  Alcomor/ue — c.  Anisi  stel- 
lati,  see  Illicium  anisatum — c.  Antiscoibuticus, 
Canella  alba — c.  Aromaticus,  Canella  alba— c. 
Aurantii,  see  Citrus  Aurantium — c.  Canellse 
Malabanca^,  Laurus  cassia — c.  Cardinalis  del 
Lugo,  Cinchona — c.  Caryophyllatns,  see  Myr- 
tus  caryophyllata — c.  Caryophylloides,  Laurus 
culilawan. 

Cortex  Ceii'ebri.  The  Cortical,  Cineritious, 
Vesicular  or  Gray  substances  of  the  Brain.  The 
gray  portion  observed  at  the  exterior  of  the 
cerebrum  and  cerebellum  ;  so  called  because  it 
forms  a  kind  of  bark  to  the  medullary  substance. 
Gall  considers,  that  this  substance  forms  the 


ner'ves;  and  therefore  calls  it  Substance  malrice 
dis  nerfs. 

The  name  cortical  is  likewise  given  to  the  ex- 
ternal substance  of  the  kidneys,  because  it  is 
of  a  deeper  colour  than  the  inner  part  of  the 
organ,  and  forms  a  kind  of  envelope  to  it. 

Cortex  Chacarill;e,  Croton  cascarilla — c. 
China;,  Cinchona — c.  Cbinre  regius,  Cinchona 
— c.  Crassior,  Laurus  cassia  —  c.  Culilawan, 
Laurus  culilawan — c.  Eleutheriffi.  Croton  cas- 
carilla— c.  Flavus,  Cinchona  cordifoliae  cortex 
— c.  Lavola,  see  Illicium  anisatum — c.  Magel- 
lanicus,  see  Wintera  aromatica. 

Cortex  Ovi,  Cortical  Membrane.  This  mem- 
brane, so  called  by  Boer  and  Granville,  is 
usually  regarded  as  a  uterine  production,  and 
designated  Decidua  reftexa.  They  consider  it 
to  surround  the  ovule,  when  it  descends  into  the 
uterus,  and  to  enclose  the  shaggy  chorion.  It 
is  absorbed  during  the  first  months  of  utero- 
gestation,  so  .as  to  expose  the  next  membrane 
to  the  contact  of  the  decidua,  with  which  a  con- 
nexion takes  place  at  the  part  wheie  the  pla- 
centa is  to  be  formed.  In  that  part,  Boer  and 
Granville  consider,  that  the  Cortex  Ovi  is  never 
altogether  obliterated,  but  only  made  thinner, 
and  in  process  of  lime  is  converted  into  a  mere 
pellicle  or  envelope,  which  not  only  serves  to 
divide  the  filiform  vessels  of  the  chorion  into 
groups  or  cotyledons,  in  order  to  form  the  pla- 
centa, but  also  covers  those  cotyledons.  This, 
Granville  calls  membra' na  pro'pria.  See  De- 
cidua membrana. 

Cortex  Pallidus,  Cinchona?  lancifolia?  cor- 
tex— c.  Patrum, Cinchona — c.  Profluvii,Nerium 
antidysentericum — c.  Ruber,  Cinchona3  oblong- 
ifolia;  cortex — c.  Striata  dentium,  Enamel  of  the 
teeth — c.  Thnris,  Croton  cascarilla — c.  VVin- 
teranus,  see  Wintera  aromatica — c.  Winteranus 
spurius,  Canella  alba. 

COR'TICAL,  Curtica'hs,  from  cortex,  'bark.' 
Belonging  to  bark.     See  Cortex  cerebri. 

Cortical  Membrane,  Cortex  ovi. 

CORTUSA  AMERICANA,  Heuchera  cor- 
tusa. 

CORU.  An  Indian  tree,  the  bark  of  whose 
root  furnishes  a  milky  juice,  which  is  employed 
in  diarrhoea  and  dysentery.  It  is  also  called 
Coru  Canar'ica. 

CORUSCATIO,  Astrape. 

CORIBANTIASM,  Corybantias'mvs,  from 
K^nufitg,  one  of  the  Corybant.es.  A  name  for- 
merly given  to  a  kind  of  phrensy,  in  which  the 
sick  were  tormented  by  fantastic  visions,  and 
perpetual  want  of  sleep. 

CORYDALUS  BULBOSUS,  Fumaria  bul- 
bosa. 

COR'YLUS  AV'ELLA'NA,  Bundurh,  Co>'- 
ylus.  The  Hazel-nut  Tree.  (F.)  Coudrier,.Xui- 
selier.  Family,  Amentacese.  Sex.  Syst.  Monre- 
cia  Polyandria.  The  nut  of  this  tree  is  much 
eaten  in  many  countries.  Like  all  nuts,  il  is 
by  no  means  easy  of  digestion.  It  is  the  Awx- 
avella'na,  xa^vor  ttwitixov,  of  the  ancients  ;  (F.) 
(the  nuV\  .Eveline  Noisette. 

Cor'ylus  Rostra'ta,  Beaked  Hazel.  An 
indigenous  shrub,  Nat.  Ord.  AmentaceEe;  Sub- 
order, Cupulifera?:  Sex.  Syst.  Moncecia  Poly- 
andria; the  nut  of  which  is  surrounded  by  a 
coriaceous  and  scaly  involucre,  terminating  in 
a  tube  covered  with  short  and  thick  bristles. 
These  bristles  have  been  given  as  an  anthel- 
mintic in  the  same  cases  and  doses  as  mucuna. 


CORYMBETRA 


205 


COTULA 


CORYMBETRA,  Hedera  helix. 
COKYPHE,  Vertex. 

CORY'ZA,  Grave! do,  Rhini'tis,  Catastao'rnos, 
Calastalug'mos,  Stillicid'  iurn  Karinm,  Phlegma- 
lorrha'pia,  Blennorrhea  nasalis,  Blennorrhm'ia, 
Des'tiUatio,  Catar'rhus ad  Nares:  vulgarly, 'run- 
ning at  the  nose,'  'A  cold  in  the  head :'  In  French, 
Rhume de  cervcau  Catarrke  nasal,  Knclufrenemtnt; 
in  Old  English  Pose  or  Mur;  whence  Murren 
and  Murrain;  from  xopvg,  or  k«ou,  'the  head, 
and  Csuj,  '  I  boil.'  Inflammation  (attended  with 
increased  discharge)  of  the  Schneiderian  mem- 
brane lining  the  nose,  and  the  sinuses  commu- 
nicating with  it.  The  affection  generally  sub- 
sides without  any  medical  treatment. 

Cokvza  Entonica,  Ozaena — c.  Maligna,  Ozas- 
na — c.  Ozaenosa,  Ozaena—  c.  Ulcerosa,  Ozsena 
— c.  Virulenta,  Ozaena. 

COSCIN1SMUS,  Cribration. 
COSOINOI,  see  Cribration. 
COSMFSIS.  Cosmetics. 
COSMET'ICS,  Ars  cosmet'ica,  Callipis'tria, 
Casme'sis,  (F.)  Cosmetique,  from  xoofietv,  'to 
adorn,'  '  to  embellish.'  The  art  of  preserving 
the  beauty.  Cosmetic,  Stilbo'ma,  is,  also,  used 
for  the  different  means  employed  for  that  pur- 
pose ;  as  the  compounds  which  enter  into  the 
oxides  of  lead,  bismuth,  mercury,  arsenic,  &c. 
All  these,  however,  injure  the  skin,  and  often 
oive  rise  to  unpleasant  cutaneous  affections. 
Frequent  ablution  with  cold  water  and  bathing 
are  the  best  cosmetics.  Essences,  soaps,  and 
all  the  preparations  intended  for  the  toilet,  fall, 
also,  under  this  head. 

COSMETIQUE,  Cosmetics. 
COSMOS,  from  xooyxos,  '  the  world,'  'order,' 
&c.  The  order  which  was  supposed  to  preside 
over  critical  days.  Hippocrates  and  others  have 
so  termed  6raceto,employed,  not  only  as  orna- 
ments OnoKEii,  '  to  adorn,')  but  as  therapeu- 
tical agents. 

COSS A.  Haunch. 

COSSUM.  A  malignant  ulcer  of  the  nose, 
often  of  a  syphilitic  character.— Paracelsus. 

COSSUSorCOSSIS.  A  sortof  white,  short, 
thick  worm  or  larve,  found  in  trees,  logs  of 
wood,  &c,  and  used  by  the  Romans  as  a  great 
article  of  gourmandise.  They  were,  also,  ap- 
plied to  ulcers. — Pliny.  The  term  has,  like- 
wise, been  given  to  those  small  vermiform 
pimples  on  the  face,  Acne  (q.  v.),  which  arise 
from  inflammation  of  the  sebaceous  follicles. 

COSTA.  A  Rib,  from  cuslodire,  '  to  guard,' 
'defend  :'  (F.)  Cote.  The  ribs  are  24  in  num- 
ber;—12  on  each  side.  They  are  irregular, 
long,  bony  curves:  slightly  flattened,  and  situ- 
ate obliquely  at  the  sides  of  the  chest.  The 
intervals  between  them  are  called  Intercos'tal 
spaas,  (F.)  Espaces  intercostaux,  and  they  are 
numbered  first,  second,  third,  &.C,  reckoning 
from  above  to  below.  They  have  been  distin- 
guished into  Castas  verse,  Tiue  ribs,  (F.)  Vraics 
Cotes,  Coles  sternales,  Cotes  vertebrosternal es 
(Ch.;)  and  into  Costs spu' rise,  Mendo'sx  Costa, 
Falsr  ribs,  Cotes  aster  nates,  (Ch-,)  Fausses  Cotes. 
The  true  or  sternal,  ribs,  BS  they  have  also  been 
called,  are  the  first  7;  winch  are  articulated,  at 
one  extremity  to  the  spine,  and  at  the  other, 
by  means  of  their  cartilages  to  the  sternum. 
The  false  ribs  are  the  remaining  5:  the  upper- 
most three  being  united,  by  means  of  their  car- 
tilages, to  the  cartilage  of  the  last  true  rib.  The 
hers  are  free  at  their  external  extremity,  and, 


hence,  have  been  called  Floating  ribs,  CStes 
jlotlanles.  The  vertebral  extremity  of  each  rib 
is  slightly  expanded.  It  is  called  the  head  of 
the  rib — Cupit'uiunt  Costx :  the  space  between 
this  and  the  tubercle  is  the  col/urn  or  neck.  An- 
terior to  the  tubercle  is  the  angle.  The  angle 
is  the  part  where  the  bone  bends  to  form  the 
lateral  part  of  the  thorax. 

COST1VENESS,  Constipation. 
COSTMARY,  Tanacetum  balsamita. 
COSTO-ABDOMLYAL,   Obliquus   externus 
abdominis— c.  Basi  scapulaire,  Serratus  magnus 
— c.  Claviculaire,  Subclavian  muscle. 

COSTO-CLAVIC'ULAR,  Casto-Clavicula'ris. 
Belonging  to  the  ribs  and  clavicle. 

Costo-Clavic'ular  Lig'ament,  Cleidocostal 
L.,  is  a  fibrous,  flattened  fascia,  which  extends, 
obliquely,  from  the  cartilage  of  the  first  rib  to 
the  inferior  surface  of  the  clavicle. 

COSTO-CORACOIDIEjV,  Pectoralis  minor 
— c.  Scapulaire,  Serratus  magnus. 

COSTO-STERNA.L,  Costo-Slerna'lis.  Re- 
lating to  the  ribs  and  sternum.  The  articulation 
of  the  sternum  with  the  anterior  extremity  of 
the  first  seven  ribs. 

COSTO-TRACHELIA'NUS.  Relating  to 
the  ribs  and  to  the  trac/telian  or  transverse  pro- 
cesses of  the  neck.  Under  the  name  Costo-tra- 
che'lian,  Chaussier  designates  the  anterior  and 
posterior  scnleni. 

COSTO-TRANSVERSA'RIUS.  Relating  to 
the  ribs,  and  to  the  transverse  processes.— Bi- 
chat  gave  this  name  to  the  articulation  of  the 
tuberosities  of  the  ribs  with  the  transverse  pro- 
cesses of  the  spine. 

COSTO-VERTEBRAL,  Casio-  Vertebra' lis. 
Belonging  to  the  ribs  and  vertebrae. — Bichat 
gave  this  name  to  the  articulation  of  the  head 
of  the  ribs  with  the  vertebrae,  and  to  the  liga- 
ments connected  with  it. 

COSTO-XYPHOID,  Coslo-xyphdideus.  The 
name  of  a  ligament,  which  unites  the  cartilage 
of  the  seventh  rib  to  the  xyphoid  or  ensiform 
cartilage. 

COSTUS.  The  ancients  seem  to  have  given 
this  name  to  several  plants.  One  has  borne 
the  appellation,  since  the  time  of  Dioscorides, 
—  the  Castas  Arab'icvs,  Costus  In'elicus,  C. 
amu'rus,dulcis,orienta'lis,  Tsia'na,  Canne  Congo, 
Canne  de  Riviere:  Family,  Amomese,  Sex.  Syst. 
Monandria  Monogynia;  the  root  of  which  is 
aromatic,  and  has  been  considered  tonic,  car- 
minative, diuretic,  emmenagogue,  &c.  The 
virtues  of  the  ancient  costus  are  highly  extolled. 
— Theophrastus,  Dioscorides,  Pliny,  Galen. 

Costus  Conncosus,  Canella  alba — c.  Horto- 
rum,« Tanacetum  balsamita — c.  Hortorum  mi- 
nor, Achillea  ageratum — c.  .Nigra,  Cynara  sco- 
lymtis. 

COSTYLE,Cotyle. 
COTA,  Anthemis  cotuia. 
COTARO'NIUM;  an  obscure  term,  used  by 
Paracelsus  for  a  universal  solvent:  such  a  thing 
as  does  not  exist. 
COTE,  Costa. 

COTES,  COL  DES,  Collum  costarum. 
COTIGNAC.     A  kind  of  conserve    or   pre- 
serve, prepared  from  quinces,  not  entirely  ripe, 
and  sugar.     It  is  esteemed  stomachic  and  as- 
tringent. 

COTON,  Gossypium. 
COTTON,  Gossypium. 
COTULA,  Anthemis  cotuia. 


COTULA  FCETIDA 


206 


COUP  DE  SOLEIL 


Cotui.a  F(etida,  Anthemis  cotula. 

COTUN'NIUS,  LIQUOR  OF.  Liq'uor  Cc- 
tun'nii,  L.  of  Colug'no,  Jiqunla  ncus'tica,  Aqua 
audita1  ria,  Per'Uyviph,  (F.)  Lymphe.de  Cotugno. 
A  transparent,  slightly  viscid  fluid,  which  fills 
all  the  cavities  of  the  internal  ear,  and  of  which 
Cotugno  made  mention.  It  is  also  called  Aqua 
Labyriuthi. 

COTURNIX,  Tetrao  eoturnix. 

COT'YLE,  Coi'yla,  Cotyle'don,  Cos'tyle;  the 
same  as  Acetabulum.  A  "hollow  cavity  in  a 
bone,  which  receives  the  head  of  another  bone: 
particularly  th  ■  cotyloid  cavity.  KotvXij  signi- 
fied a  drinking  cup,  and,  indeed,  any  thing 
hollow,  as  the  hollow  of  the  hand. — Athenteus. 

COTYLEDON,  Cotyle— c.  Marina,  Umbili- 
cus marinus. 

Cotyledons,  (Koti/a>,<W,  '  a  cavity,')  Jlcetab'- 
vla  uteri'na.  The  lobes  which,  by  their  union, 
form  the  placenta. 

COTYLOID,  Cot  yM  des,  Cotyhi'devs,  Co- 
tyh'des,  from  xotvXri,  'a  drinking  cup,'  and 
ttdog,  '  form.'  Resembling  the  ancient  y.crvXv. 
The  name  of  a  hemispherical  cavity,  situate  in 
the  os  innominatum,  which  receives  the  head 
of  the  os  femoris; — Fossa  cotyloidea,  Sinus  .Coxae, 
Acetabulum,  Pyxis. 

Cot'yloid  Lig'ament,  Li  gam  en' turn  Cotyloi- 
deum,  (F.)  Ligament  cotyloidien,  is  a  very  thick, 
fibro-cartilaginous  ring,  surrounding  the  coty- 
loid cavity,  the  depth  of  which  it  increases. 

COU,  Collum — c.  Gros,  Bronchocele. 

COUCH  GRASS,  Triticum  repens. 

COUCHE  ou  COUCHES  (F.)  from  coucher, 
'  to  lie  down.'  This  word  is  used,  1.  For  par- 
turition (q.  v.),  accouchement  or  delivery  (puer- 
pe'rium,  parturi"tio;  hence, nne  couche  hcureuse, 
'a  happy  delivery;'  une  fausse  couche,  '  a  pre- 
mature delivery:'  and,  2.  For  the  time  during 
which  a  female  remains  in  bed  on  account  of 
delivery, —  Tempus  puerpe'rii,  the  child-bed  state. 
The  Lochia  have  been  termed  Suites  dc  couches. 
Couche  also  means  a  bed  or  thalamus  (q  v.)  as, 

COUCHES  DES  KERFS  ETHMOIDAUX, 
Corpora  striata — c.  des  Kerfs  oculaires,  Thalami 
nervorum  opticoruin — c.  des  Kerfs  optiques, 
Thalami  nervorum  opticorum — c.  Optiques, 
Thalami  nervorum  opticorum. 

COUCHER,  Decubitus. 

COUCHING,  see  Cataract. 

COUCINEACOCCINEA,Cacouciacoccinea. 

COUDE,  Elbow. 

COUDE-PJED,  Instep. 

COUD&E,  Cubitus. 

COU  DRIER,  Corylus  avellana. 

COUENKE,  (F.)  Cutis  suil'lu.  A  term  given 
to  various  parts  of  the  human  skin,  which  are 
prominent,  hard,  brownish,  and  often  covered 
with  rough  hairs,  so  as  to  form  patches  not  very 
unlike  the  skin  of  the  hog.  It  is  a  mal-for ma- 
tron, occurring  during  intra-ulerine  existence, 
and  remaining  for  life.  See  also,  Nsevus,  and 
Corium  phlogisticum. 

COUEKKE  1KFLAMMATOIRE,  Corium 
phlogisticum— c.  Pleurclique,  Corium  phlogisti- 
cum. 

COUGH,  Tussis— c.  Bronchial,  C.  tubal— 
c.  Root,  Trillium  latifolium. 

Cough,  Tubal,  bronchial  cough,  Tussis  Iron'- 
ckica,  (F.)  Toux  tubaire,  T.  bronchique.  Cough 
is  so  termed,  when  the  succussion  communi- 
cated by  it  to  the  parietes  of  the  chest  is  very 


energetic,  and  a  sensation  is  experienced  by 
the  ear  as  if  a  column  of  air  was  traversing 
with  much  noise,  strength,  and  lapidity,  tubes 
with  solid  walls. 

Cough,  Winter,  Bronchitis,  (chronic.) 

COULEE,  To  strain. 

COULEUVRE,  Coluber  berus. 

COULEUVREE,  Bryonia  alba. 

COULISSE,  (F.)  '  A  groove,  a  gutter.'  Ana- 
tomists designate,  by  this  name,  every  deep 
groove  or  channel  in  a  bone,  in  which  a  tendon 
plays; — such  as  the  Coulisse  Bicipitale  or  Bici- 
pital Groove  of  the  Humerus. 

COULISSE  BICIPITALE,  Bicipital  groove 
— c.  Humcrale,  Bicipital  groove. 

COULOIR,  Colatorium. 

COUM,  Colchinum  autumnale. 

COUNTENANCE,  Vutius,  Yhwge,{¥.)  Fi- 
gure, Visage:  from  cum,  '  with,'  and  leneo,  'I 
hold  '  The  form  of  the  face.  The  system  of 
the  features. 

COUNTER-EXTEN'SION,  Contra  ezten'sio, 
Antit'asis,  (F.)  Contre- extension,  from  contra- 
cxten'dere,  'to  extend  in  a  contrary  direction.' 
It  consists  in  retaining  firmly  and  immovably 
the  upper  part  of  a  limb,  whilst  extension  is 
practised  on  the  lower,  in  cases  of  fracture  or 
luxation. 

COUNTER-INDICATION,  Contra-indica'- 
tio,  Antendeix'is.  An  indication  contrary  to 
another,  (F.)  Contre-indication.  Any  circum- 
stance, which  acts  as  an  obstacle  to  the  employ- 
ment of  such  therapeutical  means  as  seem  to  be 
indicated  by  other  circumstances. 

COUNTER-IRRITANT,  see  Counter-irrita- 
tion— c.  Granville's,  (Lotion,)  Granville's  Coun- 
ter-irritant. 

COUNTER-IRRITATION,  Conlra-irrita'lio. 
An  irritation,  excited  in  a  part,  of  the  body, 
with  the  view  of  relieving  one  existing  in  ano- 
ther part.  The  remedies  used  for  this  purpose 
are  called  Counter-irritants,  and  form  a  most 
valuable  class  of  remedial  agents.  See  Deriva- 
tion. 

COUP,  Blow — c.  de  Feu,  Wound,  gunshot. 

COUP  DE  MJilTRE  ou  TOUR  DE  jI.1I- 
TRE,  (F.)  A  mast>'rly  stroke  or  performance. 
A  mode  of  introducing  the  sound  or  catheter 
into  the  bladder,  which  consists  in  first  passing 
it  with  its  convexity  towards  the  abdomen  of 
the  patient,  and  afterwards  giving  it  a  half  turn 
towards  the  right  groin,  when  its  extremity  has 
reached  the  root  of  the  penis  under  the  sym- 
physis pubis  There  is  no  advantage  in  this 
mode  of  introduction. 

COUP  DE  S.1KG,  (F.)  A  common  term, 
used  by  some  physicians  in  France,  to  desig- 
nate the  loss  of  sensation  and  motion,  which 
results  from  hemorrhage  in  the  brain,  or  from 
simple  congestion  in  the  vessels  of  that  organ. 
See  Apoplexy.  Some  authors  have  compre- 
hended, under  the  same  denomination,  different 
hemorrhages,  which  occur  in  the  cellular  tex- 
ture of  the  face,  lungs,  skin,  &c. 

COUP  DE  SOLEIL,  (F.)  Siri'asis,  Seiri'asis, 
Siriasis  JEgyptiaca,  Ictus  suit's,  Irtn*  soln'ris, 
Insola'tio,  Encephali't.is  inselatio'nis,  I'hrcni'tis 
calentu'ra, — a  stroke  of  the  sun.  JEgyptian  Star- 
stroke  or  Sunstroke.  Any  affection  produced 
by  the  action  of  the  sun  on  some  region  of  the 
body; — head,  hands,  arms,  &c.  A  very  com- 
mon effect  of  exposing  the  naked  head  to  the 


COUPE-BRIDE 


207 


COXARUM 


sun  is  inflammation  of  t lie  brain  or  its  meninges, 
which  Sauvagea  calls  Cams  ub  Insula' tionl. 

COUPE-BRIDE.  Kiotouie. 

COUPEROSE,  Gutta  rosea. 

COUPURE,  Cut,  Wound  (incised  ) 

COURAJVTE,  Diarrhoea. 

CO U RAP.  A  distemper,  very  common  in 
India,  in  which  there  is  a  perpetual  itching  of 
the  surface,  and  eruption.  It  is  of  an  herpetic 
character,  and  appears  chiefly  on  the  axilla, 
groins,  breast,  and  face. 

COURBAR1L,  see  Anime. 

COURBATURE,  (F.)  Acer'ba  lassilu'du,  Vio- 
lent lassitude,  fatigue.  An  indisposition,  cha- 
racterized by  a  sensation,  as  if  the  limbs  were 
bruised;  general  feeling  of  debility,  extreme 
lassitude;  and,  sometimes,  slight  fever.  It  ap- 
pears immediately  after  severe  exercise,  but 
sometimes  not  till  the  next  day.  Rest  re- 
moves it. 

COURBURE,  Curvature. 

COURG E,  Cucurbita  pepo. 

COURMI  or  CURMI,  kovq/uli,  kvqui.  A  fer- 
mented liquor,  made  from  barley.  A  kind  of 
ale  or  beer. — Dioscorides. 

COURO-MOELLI.  An  Indian  tree,  the 
bark  of  which  is  said  to  be  anti-venomous. 

COURON'DI,  Couron'do.  An  evergreen  tree 
of  India,  the  juice  of  which,  mixed  with  warm 
whey,  is  said  to  cure  dysentery. — Ray. 

COUROJVjYE  CILIAIRE,  Godronne  canal 
— c.  du  Dent,  Crown  of  a  tooth — c.  du  Gland, 
Crown  of  the  glans — c.  du  Trepan,  Crown  of 
the  trepan — c.  de  Venus,  Crown  of  Venus. 

COUROJVJVE  RJi  YOJS'JYAJVTE,  (F.)  A  term 
given  by  Reil  to  the  fan-shaped  terminations  of 
the  crura  cerebri  in  the  brain. 

COUROJVXEMEJVT,(l<\)  Corona.  A  vulgar 
expression,  sometimes  used  to  designate  the 
circular  ring,  which  the  os  uteri  forms  around 
the  head  of  the  child  at  a  certain  period  of  ac- 
couchement:— the  head  seeming  to  be  sur- 
rounded, as  it  were,  by  a  crown.  The  head  is 
then  said  to  be  au  couronnement. 

COURS  DE  VENTRE,  Diarrhoea. 

COURSE,  Running. 

COURSES,  Menses. 

COURT,  Short. 

COURTE  HALELYE,  Dvspnoea. 

COUSLV,  Culex. 

COUSSIJYET,  Pad. 

COUTEAU,  Knife— c.  a  Amputation,  Knife, 
amputation — c.  a  Cataracie,  Knife,  cataract — c. 
Courbe,  Knife,  crooked— c.  a  Crochet,  Knife, 
crotchet — c.  Desarticulateur,  Knife,  double- 
edged — c.  Droit,  Knife,  amputation — c.  de  Feu, 
Cultelluire — c.  Interosseitx,  Knife,  double-edged 
— c.  Leniiculaire,  Knife,  lenticular — c.  Litho- 
tome,  Knife,  lithotomy — c.  en  Serpelte,  Knife  en 
Serpette — c.  Symphysis  a,  see  Symphyseotomy  — 
c.  a  deux  tranchans,  Knife,  double-edged. 

COUTOU'BEA  ALBA,  Ex'acum  spied  turn, 
Pi'crium  s pica' turn.  A  plant  of  Guiana,  which 
is  very  bitter,  and  is  considered,  in  the  country, 
to  be  emmenagogue,  anthelmintic,  and  anti- 
dyspeptic. 

COUTURES  PAR  LA  PETITE  VEROLE, 
see  Cicatrix. 

COUTURIER,  Sartorius. 

COUVERCLE,  s(0  Crucible. 

COUVRECHEE,  (F.)  Cucul'lus,  Fascia'tio 
CUCuUa'ta.  A  bandage,  applied  to  the  head  for 
retaining  certain  dressings,  &c.  in  situ.    The 


French  surgeons  distinguish  two  kinds.  1.  The 
Grand  Couvrtcbcf  ou  Servette  en  cane  (Cucul'- 
lus major,)  which  is  formed  of  a  nnjikin  or 
larire  square  compress:  and,  2.  The  Petit  Cuu- 
vrechefoM  Mouckoir  en  triangle  (Cucul'lus  mi- 
nor,) formed  of  a  napkin  or  other  square  com- 
press, folded  from  one  angle  to  the  other  diago- 
nally opposite  to  it. 

COUVRECHEE,  see  Bandage,  Galen's. 

COVE,  (CLIMATE  OP.)  On  the  northern 
side  of  Cork  Harbour,  in  Ireland,  is  the  Island 
of  Cove.  The  town  of  Cove  is  on  the  southern 
acclivity  of  a  hill  running  from  east  to  west. 
It  is,  consequently,  sheltered  from  the  north 
winds,  and  receives  the  full  force  of  the  sun. 
It  is  one  of  the  mildest  climates  in  Great  Bri- 
tain, and  corresponds  in  its  influence  on  dis- 
ease with  the  south-west  of  England.  It  is  well 
adapted  as  a  winter  retreat  for  tlfe  phthisical. 

COVOLAM,  Cratse'va  Marmelos.  The  bark 
of  this  tree  is  tonic:  the  unripe  fruit  is  astrin- 
gent: but,  when  ripe,  is  delicious. 

COWBANE,  Cicuta  aquatica. 

COWBERRY,  Vacciniurn  vitis  idaca. 

COWHAGE,  Dolichos  pruriens. 

COWITCH,  Dolichos  pruriens. 

COVVPARSNEP,  Heracleum  lanatum. 

COWPER'S  GLANDS,  Accessory  glands, 
(F.)  Gland es  accessoires,  G.  de  Cowper,  Pros- 
tates inferieures  ou  petites  prostates.  Two  small 
ovoid  groups  of  mucous,  reddish  follicles,  situ- 
ate behind  the  bulb  of  the  urethra,  before  the 
prostate,  the  excretory  ducts  of  which  open 
into  the  bulbous  portion  of  the  urethra.  They 
are  also  called  Glau'dulaj  antcpros'tatx,  and  G. 
prns'tatce  inferio'res. 

Covvper's  Glands  in  the  Female.  Glands 
of  Duvcrney,  Glands  of  Barlholinus,  are  situate 
at  each  side  of  the  entrance  of  the  vagina,  be- 
neath the  skin  covering  the  posterior  or  infe- 
rior part  of  the  labia.  They  are  rounded,  but 
elongated,  flat,  and  bean-shaped;  their  long 
diameter  varying  from  five  to  ten  lines;  their 
transverse,  from  two  and  a  half  to  four  and  a 
quarter;  and  their  thickness  from  two  and  a 
quarter  to  three  lines.  Like  Cowper's  glands 
in  the  male,  they  are  not  invariably  present. 
The  secretion  from  them  is  a  thick,  tenacious, 
grayish-white  fluid,  which  is  emitted  in  great 
quantity  during  sexual  intercourse;  and  is  pro- 
bably the  fluid,  supposed,  of  old,  to  be  the  fe- 
male sperm. 

COWPOX,  Vaccina — c.  Inoculation,  Vacci- 
nation. 

COWRAP,  Impetigo. 

COWSLIP,  Primula  veris — c.  Jerusalem, 
Pulmonaria. 

COWWEED,  Chcerophyllum  sylvestre. 

COXA,  Haunch. 

COX^LUVIUM,  Bath,  hip. 

COX  AGRA,  Neuralgia  femoro-poplitaea. 

COXAL'GIA,  Osphijal'gia.  A  word  of  hy- 
brid origin,  from  coxa,  'hip,'  and  aityo?,  'pain.' 
Pain  in  the  hip.  A  sign  of  rheumatic  or  other 
inflammation,  or  of  some  disease  about  the  hip- 
joint.  See  Neuralgia  femoro-poplita:a,  and  the 
next. 

COXARTHROCACE,  Coxarum  morbus 

COXA'RUM  seu  COXEND1CUS  seu  COX- 
ARIUS  MORBUS,  Arthroc'acS  coxa'rum,  Cox- 
ar throe' acS,  Coxal'gia  (of  some.)  Hip  disease. 
A  scrofulous  caries,  and  often  spontaneous 
luxation  of  the  head  of  the  os  femoris,  occasion- 


C0XEND1X 


208       CRANIOLOGY  OR  CRANIOSCOPY 


ing  permanent  shortening  of  the  limb,  and  not 
unfrequently  hectic  and  death. 

COXENDIX,  Haunch.  This  word  has  also 
been  used  synonymously  with  ischium.  The 
haunch  (q.  v.)  Anatomists,  too,  have  called 
the  .ilia,  Ossa  Coxendicis. 

COXITIS;  a  hybrid  term,  from  Coxa,  'the 
hip,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflam- 
mation of  the  hip-joint. 

COXO-FEM'ORAL,  Coxo-femora'Us.  Be- 
longing to  the  coxal  bone  or  ilium,  and  to  the 
os  femoris.  Jlio-femoial  has  the  same  significa- 
tion. 

Coxo-Fem'oral  or  Il'io-Fem'oraf,  Articu- 
la'tion,  (F.)  Articulation  de  la  Hancke,  is  the 
Hip-joint.  The  head  of  the  femur  and  articu- 
lar cavity  are  covered  by  a  diarthrodial  carti- 
lage and  synovial  capsule;  and  by  a  very  strong 
capsular  or  articular  ligament  attached  to  the 
circumference  of  the  cotyloid  cavity,  and  to 
the  neck  of  the  femur.  There  is,  also,  a  round 
or  interarticular  ligament,  passing  from  the  in- 
ferior notch  of  the  cotyloid  cavity  to  the  rough 
depression  at  the  top  of  the  caput  femoris ;  and 
a  cotyloid  ligament, — a  sort  of  thick,  cartilagi- 
nous ring,  situate  on  the  edge  of  the  cotyloid 
cavity,  and  converting  the  inferior  notch  into 
a  foramen.  These  are  the  great  means  of  union 
in  this  extensive  articulation. 

CRAB,  As' tacus  fluvial' His,  Cancer,  Gam' ma- 
rus,  Cam! mams.  (F  )  Crabbc,  lUcrcvisse,  Es- 
crevice.  A  shell-fish  much  used  as  an  article  of 
diet.  Like  other  shell-fish  it  is  apt  to  disagree, 
and  excite  urticaria,  &c. 

CRABE,  Crabyaws. 

CRAB  LOUSE;  a  species  of  Pcdic'ub/s,  P. 
Pubis,  which  infests  the  pudendum  and  axilla. 
(F.)  Morpion.  It  is  easily  destroyed  by  the 
white  precipitate  of  mercury,  or  by  mercurial 
ointment. 

CRABS'  EYES,  Cancrorum  chelce— c. 
Stones,  Cancrorum  chelce. 

CRABYAWS.  (F.)  Crabfi.  A  name,  in  the 
West  Indies,  for  a  kind  of  ulcer  on  the  soles  of 
the  feet,  with  edges  so  hard,  that  they  are  diffi- 
cult to  cut. 

CRACHAT,  Sputum. 

CRACHEMEjYT,  Excreation— c.  de  Pus, 
Vomica,  Phthisis  pulmonalis — c.  de  Sang,  He- 
moptysis. 

CRACHOTEMENT,  (F.)  from  cracker,  'to 
spit.'    The  frequent  spitting  of  a  small  quantity 

CRACKLING  OF  LEATHER,  see  Craque- 
ruent  de  cuir. 

CRACOW  GROATS,  Semolina. 

CRADLE,  Sax.  cuaoel,  Ar'culus,  Solen,  (F.) 
Arccwu,  ou  Archel.  A  semicircle  of  thin  wood, 
or  strips  of  wood,  used  for  preventing  the  con- 
tact of  the  bedclothes  in  wounds,  &c.  An  or- 
dinance of  the  Grand  Duke  of  Tuscany  forbade 
mothers  and  nurses  to  sleep  with  a  child  near 
them,  unless  it  was  placed  under  a  solid  cradle 
of  this  kind,  in  order  that  no  accident  might 
arise  from  overlaying. 

CR^E'PALE,  from  xQamaln,  Crap'ula, 
'drunkenness,  surfeit.'  A  derangement  of  the 
functions  of  the  brain,  &c,  produced  by  wine 
or  any  other  fermented  liquor. — Galen. 


CRAIE,  Creta. 

CRAMA,  y.gtua,  from  xtgacn,  'I  mix.'  A 
mixture  of  any  kind.     Dilute  wine. 

CRAMBE,  Cabbage. 

CRAM'BION,  from  xoa,u/?»;,  'cabbage.'  A 
decoction  of  cabbage. — Hippoor. 

CRAMP,  from  (G  )  k  r  a  m  p  f  e  n,  'to  con- 
tract,' Crarnpus,  Enla'sia  syslrem'ma,  Tel'anus 
dolorificus.  A  sudden,  involuntary,  and  highly 
painful  contraction  of  a  muscle  or  muscles.  It 
is  most  frequently  experienced  in  the  lower  ex- 
tremities, and  is  a  common  symptom  of  certain 
affections: — as  of  Colica  Pictonum  and  Cholera 
Morbus.  Friction  and  compression  of  the  limb, 
by  means  of  a  ligature  applied  round  it  above 
the  muscles  affected,  will  usually  remove  the 
spasm. 

Cramp  of  the  Stomach,  (F.)  Crampe  de 
V Estomac.  A  sudden,  violent,  and  most  pain- 
ful affection  of  the  stomach,  with  sense  of  con- 
striction in  the  epigastrium.  It  seems  to  be  the 
effect  of  the  spasmodic  contraction  of  the  mus- 
cular coat  of  the  stomach,  and  requires  the  use 
of  the  most  powerful  stimulants  and  antispas- 
modics, of  which  opium  is  the  best. 

Cramp,  Writers',  Stammering  of  the  Fin- 
gers. A  condition  of  the  fingers,  in  which  they 
are  urfable  to  hold  the  pen,  or  in  which  one  or 
more  of  the  muscles  of  the  fingers  are  irregu- 
larly and  irresistibly  contracted. 

CRAMPE  DE  L'ESTOMAC,  Cramp  of  the 
stomach. 

CRANBERRY,  Vaccinium  oxycoccos— c. 
Upland,  Arbutus  uva  ursi. 

CRAXE,  Cranium— c.  Humain,  Cranium  hu- 
man um. 

CRANE'S  BILL,  Geranium-c.  Spotted,  Ge- 
ranium maculatum — c.  Stinking,  Geranium 
Robertianum. 

CRANIOL'OGY  or  CRANIOS'COPY,  Cm- 
niolog"ia,  Pkrenol'ogy,  Cranioscop'ia,  C.  Gal- 
liu'na,  Enccphaloscop' ia,  Doctri'na  Gallia'na. 
Words,  introduced,  since  Gall,  into  medical 
language.  The  first,  two  terms  are  respectively 
derived  from  y.qaviov,  'cranium,'  Zcyoc,  'a  dis- 
course,' and  a-noTittv,  'to  examine.'  They  sig- 
nify the  description,  or  simply,  the  examina- 
tion of  the  different  parts  of  the  external  sur- 
face of  the  cranium,  in  order  to  deduce  from 
thence  a  knowledge  of  the  different  intellectual 
and  moral  dispositions.  Strictly  speaking,  itis 
by  Cranioscopy  that  we  acquire  a  knowledge  of 
Craniology  or  of  Organologa  or  Cranology,  as 
it  has,  also,  been  termed.  These  words  are 
generally,  however,  used  in  the  same  sense. 
The  cranium  being  exactly  moulded  to  the 
brain,  there  are  as  many  prominences  on  the 
bone  as  there  are  projections  at  the  surface  of 
the  brain.  According  to  Gall,  each  projection, 
which  he  calls  an  organ,  is  the  seat  of  a  parti- 
cular intellectual  or  moral  faculty,  and  all  per- 
sons endowed  with  the  same  faculty,  have,  at 
the  same  part  of  the  brain,  a  prominence,  which 
is  indicated,  externally,  by  a  bump  or  projec- 
tion in  the  bony  case.  The  System  of  Gall  is 
made  to  comprise  27  prominences,  which  an- 
swer to  27  faculties.  The  following  Table  ex- 
hibits these  supposed  organs,  and  their  seat. 


CRAiNIOLOGY 


209 


CRANIOLOGY 


CEREBRAL    ORGANS, 

1.  Inslincl  of  generation,  of  reproduc- 
tion; omutiveness;  instinct  of  pro- 

Juration;  xenereal  instinct. 
erman  )  Zeugungstrieb, 
Fortpflanzungstrieb, 
Geschlechtstrieb. 

2.  Love  of  progeny;  philoprogenitive- 
7iess. 

(G.)  Jungenliebe,  Kinder- 
lie  b  e. 

3.  Attachment i  friendship. 

( G.)  Freundschaftsinn, 

4.  Instinct  of  defending  self  and  pro- 
perly; love  (if  strife  and  combat; 
cowhativeness ;  courage. 

(G.)  Mutli,    Raufsinn, 
Z  a  n  k  sinn. 

5.  Carnivorous  instinct;  inclination 
to  murder;  destructiveness ,"  cruel- 
ty- 

( G.)  Wurgsinn,    Mordsinn. 
G.  Cunning;  finesse;  address;  sccre- 

tiveness. 
(G.)List,   Schlauheit,   K  1  u  g- 

h  e  i  t. 

7.  Desire  of  property;  provident  in- 
stinct; cupidity,-  inclination,  to  rob- 
b  c  r  i/  ,■  acq  uisili  cen  ess. 

( G.)  E  i  g  e  n  t  h  u  in  ssinn,  Hang 
zu  stehlen,  Einsamm- 
lungssinn,   D  ie  bsi  n  n. 

8.  Pride;  haughtiness ;  love  of  autho- 
rity; elevation. 

(G.)  Stolz,  Hochmuth,  Hohen- 
sinn,    Herrschsucht. 

9.  Vanity;  ambition;  love,  of  glory. 
(G.)  E  i  t  e  1  k  e  i  t,    11  u  h  in  s  u  c  h  t, 

E  Ii  r  g  e  i  z. 

10.  Circumspection;  foresight. 

(G.)  Be  hu  tsamkei  t,  Vorsicht, 
Vorsichtigkeit. 

11.  Memory  of  things;  memory  of 
facts;  sense  of  things;  cducabiiity ; 
perfectibility ;  docility. 

(G  )  S  a  c  h  g  e  d  a  c  h  t  n  i  s  s,  E  r- 
ziehungsfabigkeit,  Sac  fa- 
si  n  n. 

12.  Sense  of  locality,-  sense  of  the  re- 
lation of  space,-  memory  of  places. 

(G.)  Qrtsinn,    R  a  u  ni  s  i  n  n. 

13.  Memory  of  persons,-  sense  of  per- 
sons. 

(G.)  Personensinn. 

14.  Sense  of  words,-  sense  of  names,- 
verbal  memory, 

(G.)  Word  ged  ac  h  tn  i  ss,  Na- 
me n  s  i  n  n 

15.  Sense  of  spoken  language,,-  talent 
of  philology;  study  of  languages. 

(G.)  Sprachforschung  ssinn, 
Wortsinn,    Sprachsinn. 

16.  Se?ise  of  the  relations  of  colour,- 
talent  of  painting. 

(G.)   Farbensinn. 

17.  Sense  of  the  relations  of  tones; 
musical  talent. 

(G.)  T  o  n  s  i  n  n. 

18.  Sense  of  the  relations  of  numbers,- 
mathematics. 

(G.)  Zahlensinn. 


AND    THEIR    SEAT,  ACCORDING    TO    GALL. 
f 

J   Seated    in  the  cerebellum.     It  is   manifested    at   the 
J        surface    of    the    cranium    by    two    round    protube- 
rances,   one    on    each    side    of    the    nape    of    the 
neck. 

r 
i 

^    Indicated  at  the  external  occipital  protuberance. 

I 

S   About  the  middle  of  the  posterior   margin  of  the  pa- 

X       rietal  bone;  anterior  to  the  last. 

I  Seated  a  little  above  the  ears;  in  front  of  the 
last,  and  towards  the  mastoid  angle  of  the  parietal 
bone. 


(   Greatly  developed  in  all  the  carnivorous  animals;  forms 
;        a  prominence  at  the  posterior  and  superior  part  of 
the  squamous  surface  of  the  temporal  bone,  above 
L      the  mastoid  process. 

r 

i    Above  the  meatus  auditoiius  externus,  upon  the  sphe- 

i        noidal  angle  of  the  parietal  bone. 

I 

r 

I  Anterior  to  that  of  cunning,  of  which  it  seems  to  be  a 
J  prolongation,  and  above  that  of  mechanics,  with  which 
j        it  contributes  to  widen  the  cranium,  by  the  projection 

whi#h  they  form  at  the  side  of  the  frontal  bone. 
I 

r 

J  Behind  the  top  of  the  head,  at  the  extremity  of  the  sa- 
j        gittal  suture,  and  on  the  parietal  bone. 

\  Situate  at  the  side  of  the  last,  near  the  posterior  internal 
J       angle  of  the  parietal  bone. 

<  Corresponds  to  the  parietal  protuberance. 


!   Situate  at  the  root  of  the  nose,  between  the  two  eye- 

j       brows,  and  a  little  above  them. 

I 

I 

f  Answers   to  the   frontal   sinus,  and  is  indicated  exter- 


nally by  two  prominences  at  the  inner  edo-e  of  the 


]  eyebrows,  near  the  root  of  the  nose,  and  outside  of 
^      the  organ  of  memory  of  things. 

<  At  the  inner  angle  of  the  orbit. 

f  Situate  at  the  posterior  part  of  the  base  of  the  two 
j  anterior  lobes  of  the  brain,  on  the  frontal  part  of 
j  the  bottom  of  the  orbit,  so  as  to  make  the  eye  pro- 
^      minent. 

r 

!  Also  at  the  top  of  the  orbit,  between  the  preceding  and 
|       that  of  the  knowledge  of  colour. 

\  The  middle  part  of  the  eyebrows;  encroaching  a  little 
i       on  the  forehead. 

\  A  little  above  and  to  one  side  of  the  last;  above  the 
i       outer  third  of  the  orbitar  arch. 

S  On  the  outside  of  the  organ  of  the  sense  of  the  relations 
J      of  colour,  and  below  the  last. 


CRAN10SC0PY 


210 


CRASSE 


19.  Sense  of  mechanics;  sense  of  con-  f  A  round  protuberance  at  the  lateral  l.ase  of  the  frontal 
structwn,-  talent  of  architecture;  in-  '  b  towaids  the  temple,  and  behind  the  organs  of 
dust.ru.                                                      i               ■         j       _u 

r  n  \    v  l     ■  i-.  ■  music  and  numbers. 

{(jr.)   Kunstsinn,    Bausinn.        (^ 

20.  Comparative  sagacity.  .    (  At  the  middle  and  anterior  part  of  the  frontal  bone, 
(G.)  Vergleichender   Scharf-  )       above  that  of  the  memory  of  things. 

sinn.  £ 

21.  Metaphysical  penetration;  depth  of  f  In   part,  confounded   with   the    preceding.     Indicated 


mind 

(G.)  Me  t  a  phy  s  i  s  c  he  r  T  i  e  f- 
s  i  n  n. 

22.  Wit. 
(G.)   Witz. 

2:5.  Poetical,  talent. 

(G)  Dichtergeist. 

24.  Goodness,-  benevolence ,-  mild- 
ness; compassion;  sensibility; 
moral  sense,-  conscience ,-  bonhom- 
mie. 

(G.)  Gutmiithigkeit.  Mitlei- 
den,  moralischer  Sinn, 
G  e  vv  i  s  s  e  n. 

23.  Imitation;  mimicry. 

(G.)    N  a  c  h  a  h  m  u  n  g  s  s  i  n  n. 

26.  God  and  religion,-  theosophrj. 
( G.)  Theosophisches    Sinn. 

27.  Firmness;  constancy ,-  perseverance  ,- 
obstinacy. 

(G.)  Stetigkeit,  Fester  Sinn. 


at   the   outer   side   of  the    last,  by   a    protuberance, 

which  gives  to  the  forehead  a  peculiar  hemispherical 

shape. 
At  the  lateral  and  outer  part  of  the  last;   and  giving 

greater  width  to  the  frontal  prominence. 
On  the  outer  side  of  the  last;  divided  into  two  halves 

by  the  coronal  suture. 


r 


Indicated  by  an  oblong  prominence  above  the  organ 
of  comparative  sagacity;  almost  at  the  frontal  su- 
ture. 


I 


{' 


At  the  outer  side  of  the  last. 


At  the  top  of  the  frontal  bone  and  at  the  superior  an- 
gles of  the  parietal  bone. 

The  top  of  the  head;  at  the  anterior  and  most  elevated 
part  of  the  parietal  bone. 

I  '  narrow,')  or  Ethiopian  variety.     2.  The  Meso- 
The  first  nineteen  of  these,  according  to  Gall,  ;  bregmale,  (ueaog,  '  middle,')  or  Caucasian  varie- 
are  common  toman  and  animals;  the  remain-    ty;  and  3.  The  Plutybregmate,  (nlarvs, '  broad,') 


ing  eight,  man  possesses  exclusively.   They  are, 
consequently,  the  attributes  of  humanity. 
Okgans  according  to  Spurzheim. 

1.  Amativeness. — 2.  Fhiloprogenitiveness. — 
3.  Inhabitiveness. — 4.  Adhesiveness  or  Attach- 
ment— 5.  Combativeness. — 6.  Destrnetiveness. 
— 7.  Constructiveness. — 8.  Acquisitiveness  — 
9.  Secretiveness — 10.  Self-esteem. — 11.  Love 
of  Approbation. — 12.  Cautiousness — 13.  Bene- 
volence.— 14.  Veneration. — 15.  Firmness. — 10. 
Conscientiousness  or  Justice.  — 17.  Hope. — 18. 
Marvellousness.— 19.  Wit. — 20.  Ideality— 21 . 
Imitation. — 22.  Individuality. — 23.  Form  — 24 
Size. — 25.  Weight  and  Resistance. — 26.  Colour. 
27.  Locality — 28.  Numeration — 2d.  Order. — 
30.  Eventuality.— 31.  Time — 32.  Melody  or 
Tune. — 33.  Language. — 34.  Comparison. — 35. 
Causality. 

A  fundamental  principle  with  the  Craniolo- 
gists  or  Phrenologists,  is, — that  the  brain  does 
not  act  as  a  single  organ,  but  that  it  consists  of 
a  plurality  of  organs:  but,  were  we  able  to  ad- 
mit this,  the  assignment  of  the  seat  of  different 
faculties  could  not  but  be  considered  premature. 

CRANIOSCOPY,  Craniotomy. 

CRA'NIUM,  Cra'nion,  Calva'ria,  Sea' phi  on, 
Conchus,  Calva;  the  skull;  from  xoavcg,  'a  hel- 
met,' or  from  kqswov,  '  head.'  (F.)  Crane.  The 
collection  of  bones,  which  form  the  case  for 
lodging  the  brain  and  its  membranes,  as  well 
as  their  vessels,  and  some  of  the  nerves.  These 
bones  are  eight  in  number—  the  frontal,  occipital, 
two  parietal,  two  temporal,  the  sphenoid,  and 
ethmoid.  Besides  these,  there  might  be  consi- 
dered, as  belonging  to  the  cranium,  the  cornua 
sphenoidalia.  the  bones  of  the  ear,  and  the  ossa 
wormiana.  Dr.  Prichard  has  characterized  the 
primitive  forms  of  the  skull  according  to  the 
width  of  the  Bregma,  or  space  between  the  pa- 
rietal  bones:     1.   The   Slcnob-cgmaU,   (oxerog, 


or  Mongolian  variety. 

Cranium  Huma'num,  Human  Cra'nium,  (F.) 
Crane  humain.  This  was  anciently  much  used 
in  prescriptions,  and  was  considered  anti-epi- 
leptic, alexipharmic,  antiloimic,  &c. 

CRA'NOMANCY,  Cranomanti'a,  from  xqavor, 
'  the  head,'  and  [xuvjua,  'divination,'  (F.)  Cra- 
nomancie.  The  art  of  divining — from  the  in- 
spection of  the  head  or  cranium— the  moral  dis- 
positions and  inclinations  of  individuals. 

CRAASOX,  Cochlearia  officinalis. 

CRANSSAC,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Cranssac  is  a  village  in  the  department  of  Avey- 
ron,  six  leagues  from  Rhodez,  which  possesses 
acidulous  chalybeate  springs,  that  have  been 
known  for  a  lonof  time. 

CRANTER.  from  xqatvtiv,  'to  finish,' 'ren- 
der perfect.'  The  Dens  Sapien'lias  has  been  so 
called. 

CRAPULA,  Cnepale. 

CRAQUEMENT DE  CUIR,  (F.)  'Crackling 
of  leather.'  A  sound  like  the  crackling  of  new 
leather,  sometimes  heard  on  examining  the 
heart  with  the  stethoscope.  It  has  been  sup- 
posed to  be  symptomatic  of  pericarditis. 

CRASIS;  xpatJic,  from  nsoavvvfii,  'I  mix.'  A 
mixture  of  the  constituents  of  a  fluid;  as  the 
crasis  of  the  blood,  humours,  &c.  The  word 
has,  also,  been  employed  in  a  more  extensive 
signification,  as  synonymous  with  Constitution, 
Temperament,  (q.  v.)  &c. 

CRASPEDON,  Staphyledema. 

CRASSAMEiNTUM,  from  crussus, '  thick.' 
The  thick  part  or  deposit  of  any  fluid.  It  is 
particularly  applied  to  the  clot  of  the  blood. 

CraSSAMK-NTUM    SANGUINIS,  see  Blood. 

CRASSE,  (F.)  Dirt  or  impurity.  A  sort  of 
layer  or  enduit,  which  covers  the  skin,  where 
cleanliness  is  not  attended  to;  and  which  is 
sometimes  the  result  of  the  cutaneous  exhala- 


CRASSENA 


tion;  at  others,  of  extraneous  matter  adhering 
to  the  surface  of  the  body. 

CRASSE'NA.  A  term  by  which  Paracelsus 
designated  the  saline,  putrescent,  and  corrosive 
principles,  which,  he  thought,  gave  rise  to  ul- 
cers and  tumours  of  different  kinds. 

CRASSULA.  Seduin  telephium. 

CRATiE'GUS  A'RIA,from  kouto?,  'strength,' 
owing  to  the  hardness  of  the  wood.  Mes'pdus, 
Aria  seu  Soibus,  White  Beam  Tree,  (F.)  Misitr 
blanc;  Alouche,  Alouchier.  The  fruit,  which,  is 
of  the  size  of  a  small  pear,  is  slightly  astringent, 
and  somewhat  agreeable  to  the  taste.  It  has 
been  employed  in  diarrhoea. 

CRAT^EVA  JV1ARMELOS,  Covolam. 

CRATEViESIUM,  Sisymbrium  nasturtium. 

CRATOS,  Force. 

CRAUTE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Craute  is  a  village  five  leagues  from  Autun,  in 
France,  where  are  mineral  springs,  containing 
sulphohydrate  of  magnesia,  chloride  of  sodium, 
chloride  of  lime,  sulphate  of  lime,  and  carbonate 
of  magnesia. 

CR.1YEUX,  Cretaceous. 

CRAYON  JVOIR,  Graphites. 

CRAZLNESS,  Insanity. 

CREA,  Shin. 

CREAM,  Cremor,  (F.J  Crime.  A  thick,  unc- 
tuous matter,  of  a  yellowish-white  colour,  and 
sweet,  agreeable  taste,  which  rises  to  the  sur- 
face of  milk,  if  kept  at  rest.  It  is  composed  of 
butter,  serum,  and  casein. 

Creme  i s  a  n ame  gi  ve n  in  France  to  bouillies  pre- 
pared with  farina  of  diffe rent  kinds;  as  the  Cream 
of  Rice,  Creme  de  Riz,  C.  of  Barley,  C.  d'orge,  &c. 

Cream,  Cold,  Ceratum  Galeni,  Unguentum 
Aqumiosce — c.  of  Tartar,  Potassae  supertartras. 

CRE'ASOTE,  Cre'osote,  Creaso'tum,  Kre'a- 
sate,  Creaso'ton;  from  y.oiag,  'flesh,'  and  <rwri;p, 
'  a  preserver.'  A  substance  discovered  a  few 
years  ago  by  Reichenbach.  It  is  obtained  from 
tar,  by  distillation,  and  appears  to  be  the  active 
antiseptic  and  medicinal  agent  in  tar-water  and 
crude  pyroligneous  acid.  It  is  a  colourless 
transparent  fluid,  of  a  penetraling  and  disagree- 
able odour,  and  is  freely  soluble  in  alcohol  and 
acetic  acid.  Its  taste  is  bitter.  S.  g.  1.037.  It 
coagulates  albumen,  whence  its  haemostatic 
power.  It  is  a  most  powerful  antiseptic;  and 
has  been  largely  administered  in  hemorrhages 
both  internally  and  externally.  As  an  external 
application,  it  has  been  used  in  burns,  ulcers, 
especially  those  of  a  sloughing  character,  chronic 
cutaneous  affections,  and  has  been  applied  to 
tapeworm  when  protruded,  &c.  Internally,  it 
has  been  administered  in  phthisis,  vomiting,  di- 
abetes mellitus,  nervous  diseases,  chronic  glan- 
ders, &c.  The  dose  internally  is  one  or  two 
drops.  Externally,  it  is  sometimes  applied  pure; 
at  others  diluted,  and  commonly  with  water, 
(f.  ^ss  to  f.5vj;)  or  in  the  form  of  ointment,  (gtt. 
xv  to  ^j  of  cerate.) 

CREATOPH A GUS,  Carnivorous. 

CREMASON,  Pyrosis. 

CREMAS'TER.  Suspendufulum,  Eleva'tor 
Testicfuli,  Mus'eulus  Testis,  M.  Teslicrm'dus. 
That  which  suspends;  from  yin/uav>,1 1  suspend.' 
The  Greeks  desitrna|fd,  by  this  term,  the  sper- 
matic chord,  or  all  the  parts  by  which  the  tes- 
ticle is,  as  it  were,  suspended;  but,  since  Vesa- 
lins,  it  has  received  its  present  limited  meaning. 
The  creinaster  is  a  very  thin,  muscular  fascia 
.-.sometimes  hardly  perceptible— which  detaches 


211  CREPITUS 

.  • 

itself  from  the  internal  oblique  muscle;  passes 
through  theabdominal  ring,and  vanishes  around 
the  tunica  vaginalis;  serving  to  diaw  up  the 
testicle,  and  to  move  it  slightly.  It  has  been, 
also,  called  Tunica  Erythn/idcs  and  Suspenso'- 
riuni  Testis. 

CREME,  Cream — c.  de  Soufre,  Sulphur  pra?ci- 
pilatum — c.  de  Tarlre,  Potassae  supertartras. 

CREMER.  The  common  name  for  a  disease 
frequent  in  Hungary,  which  is  produced  by  ex- 
cess in  eating  and  drinking. — Chomel. 

CREMNOI,  plural  of  y.or\uvoq,  'a  steep  bank.' 
The  lips  of  an  ulcer.  The  Labia  Puden'di,  (q.  y.) 
— Hippocrates.  Foesius.     Hence: 

CREMJSON'CUS,  from  *QW*°S>  'the  ,abia 
pudendi,'  and  cyx.ee,  'a  tumour.'  A  swelling 
of  the  labia  pudendi. 

CREMOR,  Cream— c.  Tartari,  Potassae  su- 
pertartras— c.  UrinoB,  see  Urine. 

CRENA,  Crenulu'ra,  Dentic'ulus,  (F.)  Crvne- 
hire.  In  the  plural,  the  small  teeth  or  projec- 
tions in  the  bones  of  the  cranium,  by  means  of 
which  an  accurate  junction  is  formed  at  the 
sutures.  Crenelure  has  also  been  used,  in  sur- 
gery, for  the  gutter  or  groove  in  ceitain  instru- 
ments, which  is  generally  intended  to  secure 
the  passage  of  cutting  instruments; — the  groove 
for  example,  of  a  director. 

CREiNATURA,  Ciena. 

CRENELURE.  Crena. 

CREOPHAGUS,  Carnivorous. 

CREFANELLA,  Plumbago  Europaja. 

CREPA'TIO,  Crepatu'ra,  from  crepare,  'to 
make  a  noise.'  The  action  of  bursting  any  seed 
by  ebullition. —  Cuque  ad  crepatu'ram,  'Boil  till 
it  bursts.' 

CREPATURA,  Hernia. 

CREPIDINES  PALPEBRARUM,see Tarsus. 

CREPITANT,  Crep'itating,  Crepitans;  same 
etvmon.     Crackiincr. 

'RjLE  CREPITANT  SEC  A  GROSSES 
BULLES,  'dry  crackling  noise  with  formation 
of  large  bubbles,'  is  heard  in  pulmonary  emphy- 
sema, when  the  distention  becomes  greater  and 
greater.and  is  followed  by  rupture  of  the  vesicles. 
The  air  forcing  itself  a  passage  in  the  interlobu- 
lar cellular  tissue,  gives  rise  to  this  Rale  during 
inspiration. 

EJLE  CREPITANT  SEC,  OF LMNJVEC, 
R.vesicu/aire.  The  crepitant  rattle,  heard,  during 
respiration,  in  severe  pneumonia  and  in  oedema 
of  the  lung;  so  termed  on  account  of  the  analogy 
between  the  sound  and  that  occasioned  by  press- 
ing a  healthy  lung  between  the  fingers. 

CREPITA'TION,  Crep'itus,  from  crepitare, 
:to  make  a  noise.'  Crackling.  Crepitation  or 
crepitus,  (F.)  Cliquetis,  has  been  used,  in  Sur- 
gery,  to  designate  the  noise  occasioned  by  the 
friction  of  fractured  bones,  when  the  surgeon 
moves  them  in  certain  directions.  When  it 
cannot  be  hpard  at  a  distance,  it  may  be  de- 
tected by  the  immediate  application  of  the  ear, 
or  by  the  use  of  the  stethoscope.  Crepitus  or 
crackling  is,  likewise,  met  with  in  cases  of  gan- 
grene, when  air  is  effused  into  the  cellular 
membrane— provided  the  part  be  carefully  ex- 
amined with  the  fingers.  The  same  term  is 
used  for  the  cracking  of  the  joints  in  health  or 
disease.  Crep'itus,  Physa,  PhyeS,  Porde,  Flatus, 
also  means  a  discharge  of  wind  per  anum.  See 
Fart 

CREPITUS,  Crepitation,  Fart— c.  Lupi,  Ey- 
coperdon. 


CRESCENTIA 


212 


CRICO-PHARYNGEUS 


CRESCENTIA,  Growth. 

Cuescen'tia  Cuje'te,  (called  after  Crescen- 
tio,  an  Italian  writer  on  agriculture;)  Cujcle, 
Xa.rroio-lea.ved  Calabash  Tree.  The  pulp  of  the 
fruit  of  this  West  India  plant  is  acidulous.  It 
is  used  in  diarrhosa  and  headache ;  and,  in  syrup, 
for  diseases  of  the  chest. 

CRESCENTIA,  Waxing  kernels. 

CUES  ERA,  see  Cribration. 

CREStTNUS,  Oxycantha  Galeni. 

CRESS,  GARDEN,  Lepidium  sativum— c. 
Indian.  Tropaeolum  majus — c.  Penny,  Thlaspi 
— c.  Swines',  Cochlearia  coronopus — c.  Water, 
Sisymbrium  nasturtium — c.  Water,  marsh,  Nas- 
turtium palustre. 

CRESSES,  .DOCK,  Lapsana— c.  Sciatica, 
Lepidium  Iberis. 

CRESSI,  Sisymbrium  nasturtium. 

CRESSOJY,  JiLENOIS,  Lepidium  sativum— 
c.  Eliganl,  Cardamine  pratensis — c.  de  Fontaine, 
Sisymbrium  nasturtium — c.  des  hides,  TropsB- 
olum  majus — c.  des  Jardins,  Lepidium  sativum 
— c.  du  Mexique,  Tropa»lum  majus — r.  de  Para, 
Spilanthus  oleraceus — c.  des  Pres,  Cardamine 
pratensis. 

CRLTA,  Cur1  bonus  caldis,  Car'bonas  calca'- 
reus,  Glisomargo,  Melia  Terra,  Chalk,  Carbo- 
nate of  Lime,  (F  )  Craie.  Native  friable  carbo- 
nate of  lime. 

Creta  Prepara'ta,  CaiJbonas  Calcis  jirx- 
para'tus,  Prepared  Chalk.  (Prepared  by  Ievi- 
gation.)  Used,  externally,  as  an  absorbent;  in- 
ternally, as  an  antacid.  Dose,  sr.  x  to  rz]  or  more. 

CRETACEOUS,  Creta'ceus,  (P.)  Craycux, 
from  creta,  'chalk.'  Containing  or  relating 
to  cha[k;  as  'cretaceous  mixture.' 

CRETE,  Crista — c.  de  Coq,  Crista  galli — e. 
de  I' EthmoH.de,  Crista  galli — c.  Urcthrulc,  Galli- 
naginis  caput — c.  Uritrale,  Caput  Gallinaginis. 

CRETES  DE  COQ,  see  Crista. 

CRltTlN.  One  affected  with  cretinism.  The 
word  is  said  to  come  from  Chretien, "Christian," 
because  the  Cretin,  being  in  a  state  of  idiocy,  is 
incapable  of  committing  any  sin.     See  Cagot. 

CRET'INISM,  Cret'inage,  Cyrto'sis  Cre- 
tinis'mus,  Cretinis'mus.  An  epidemic  affection 
in  the  low,  deep,  narrow  situations  of  the  Va- 
lais;  in  the  valley  of  Aost,  Maurienne,  a  part  of 
Switzerland,  the  Pyrenees,  Tyrol,  &c.  It  is  a 
state  of  idiocy,  commonly  accompanied  by  an 
enormous  goitre,  and  is  often  hereditary.  The 
unfortunate  cretin  is  little  better  than  the  ani- 
mals around  him.  He  rarely  attains  an  ad- 
vanced age.  Like  idiocy,  cretinism  has  been 
divided  into  complete  and  incomplete. 

CREUSET,  Crucible. 

CREUX  DE  L'AISSELLE,  see  Axilla. 

CREUX  DE  L'ESTOMAC,  Fossetle  du  caur. 

CREUX  DE  LA  MAIN,  Palm. 

CREU2NACH,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF, 
The  springs  of  Creuznach  are  in  Germany. 
They  contain  iodine,  bromine,  and  the  chlorides 
of  sodium  and  calcium. 

CREUZOT,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  C. 
is  a  mountain  to  the  north-east  of  Mount  Cenis. 
Near  it  is  a  saline  chalybeate  spring. 

CREVASSE,  (F.)  Rirna,  from  crever,  'to 
break  or  crack.'  A  Crack,  a  Cleft.  The  words 
crevasse,  gcrrure,  fissure,  and  rhagade  are  often 
used  synonymously  for  small  longitudinal 
cracks  or  chaps  of  a  more  or  less  painful  cha- 
racter. Sometimes,  crevasse  is  employed  to 
designate  the   solutions  of  continuity  or  rup- 


tures, which  supervene  in  distended  parts,  in 
the  urinary  passages,  uterus,  &c:  it  is  then 
synonymous  with  rupture. 

CRl,    Cry. 

CRIBLA,  (F.)  Cribra'tus,  Cribro'sus,  from 
cribrum,  '  a  sieve.'  Having  holes  like  a  sieve. 
Lame  criblee,  Crib'r/form  plate,  is  the  horizontal 
lamina  of  the  ethmoid  bone — so  called  because 
it  fs  perforated  like  a  sieve.  Through  the  per- 
forations the  olfactory  nerves  pass. 

La'mina  Cribro'sa  of  Albinus; — a  circular 
spot,  perforated  with  small  holes,  seen  when 
the  optic  nerve  is  regarded  from  the  inside, 
after  removing  the  retina  and  choroid.  From 
these  holes  the  medullary  matter  may  be  ex- 
pressed. 

CRIBRA,  see  Cribration. 

CRIBRA'TION,  Cribra'tio,  Coscinis'mus, 
from  cribrare,  '  to  sift,'  Sifting.  A  pharmaceu- 
tical operation,  which  consists  in  separating  the 
finest  parts  of  drugs  from  the  coarser.  Sieves 
are  used  for  this  purpose.  These  were  formerly 
called  Cribra;  Coscinoi.  A  sieve  for  separating 
the  bran  from  meal,  was  termed  Cre'stra,  Aleu- 
rotc'sis,  Cribrum  Pollina'rium. 

CRIBRATUS,  see  Crible. 

CRIB'RIFORM,  Cribrifor'mis,  from  cribrum, 
'a  sieve,'  and  forma,  'form.'  The  ethmoid 
bone  was  formerly  so  called  : — Os  Cribrifor1 ml. 

Cribriform  Compress.  A  square  piece  of 
linen  pierced  with  a  number  of  holes.  This  is 
spread  with  cerate  and  applied  to  a  suppurating 
surface,  the  holes  being  intended  for  the  escape 
of  the  pus. 

CRIBROSUS,  see  Crible. 

CRIBRUM  ROLLINARIUM,  see  Cribration. 

CRICELA'SIA,  Cricila'sia,  from  y.^iY.cc, 
'a  circle,'  and  iXa.vru>,  'I  drive.'  An  exercise 
with  the  ancients,  which  appears  to  have  been 
the  same  as  the  childish  play  of  rolling  the 
hoop. 

CRICK  IN  THE  NECK.  A  painful  rheu- 
matic affection  of  the  muscles  of  the  neck, 
which  causes  the  person  to  hold  his  head  to 
one  side  in  a  characteristic  manner. 

CRICO-ARYT'ENOID,  Cri'co-arytenokhus. 
Relating  to  the  cricoid  and  arytenoid  cartilagps. 

Crico-Aryt'enoid  Muscle,  Crico-arytcnoide- 
us  latera'lis,  Crico-laleri-aritenoidien.  A  muscle 
which  proceeds  from  the  lateral  part  of  the  supe- 
rior edge  of  the  cricoid  cartilage  to  the  outer 
and  anterior  part  of  the  base  of  the  arytenoid 
cartilage.  It  carries  the  arytenoid  cartilage 
outwards  and  forwards. 

Crico-Aryt'enoid,  Postf/rjou;  Crico-aryte- 
ndi.de' us  posti'cus,  Crico-creti-arMnoulien,  Di- 
lataleur  postdrieur  du  Larynx.  A  small,  trian- 
gular muscle,  seated  at  the  back  part  of  the  la- 
rynx. It  extends  from  the  prominent  line,  at 
the  middle  of  the  posterior  surface  of  the  cri- 
coid cartilage,  to  the  outer  and  posterior  part 
of  the  base  of  the  arytenoid  cartilage. 

Crico-Arytenoidje'us  Supe'rior,  of  Wins- 
low,  forms  part  of  the  Arytenoide'us  of  modem 
anatomists. 

CRl  CO- CRETI-ARITiLXOlDlEX,  Crico- 
arytenoid, posterior — c.  Lalero-arytdnoidien ,  <  Jri- 
co-arytenoid — c.  Pharynmus,  C.  pharyngeal. 

CRICO-PHARYNGEAL,  Crico-phar'yngeus. 
Belonging  to  the  cricoid  cartilage  and  pharynx. 

Crico-Piiakyngeus  muscle,  of  Winslow, 
is  a  fleshy  bundle,  which  forms  part  of  the 
Constrictor  Pharyngis    inferior,    (q.    v.)      Ha 


CRICO-THYROIDEAN 


213 


CRITICAL  DAYS 


calls  the  other  part  Tlnjro-pharyngeiis,  and 
proposes  to  call  the  whole  Tlujro  crico-phuryn- 
gcus. 

CRICO-THYROIDEAN,  Crico-Thyroid.  Be- 
longing to  the  cricoid  and  thyroid  cartilages. 

Crico-Thyroid  Membrane  is  of  a  fibrous 
nature;  and  extends  from  the  upper  edge  of  the 
cricoid  cartilage  to  the  inferior  edge  of  the 
thyroid. 

Crico-Thytioid  Muscle,  Crico-Thyro'ideus, 
Dilatateur  anterieur  du  larynx,  is  a  small,  fleshy 
bundle,  of  a  triangular  shape,  at  the  anterior 
and  inferior  part  of  the  larynx.  It  extends 
from  the  outer  surface  of  the  cricoid  cartilage 
to  the  lateral  parts  of  the  inferior  margin  of  the 
thyroid  cartilage;  and  its  use  is,  to  approximate, 
anteriorly,  the  corresponding  margins  of  the 
cricoid  and  thyroid  cartilages;  and  thus  to 
stretch  the  ligaments  of  the  glottis,  which  it 
contracts  by  separating  the  thyroid  cartilage 
from  the  arytenoid. 

CRICO-TI1 YRO-PHAR  YJYGIEjV,  Constric- 
tor pharyngis. 

CRICOEIDES,  Annular. ^ 

CRICOID,  Crico'i' devs,  Crico'i' des,Jlnmdu'ris, 
Cymbala'ris,  Curtila'go  innvmina'ta,  from  x.ni- 
xog,  'a  ring,'  and  tidoc,  'form.'  Having  the 
form  of  a  ring,  (F.)  Cartilage,  anonyme.  A 
name  given  to  one  of  the  cartilages  of  the  larynx, 
which  is  situate  at  its  lower  part,  between  the 
thyroid  and  first  ring  of  the  trachea.  It  is  much 
higher  behind  than  before. 

CRICOS,  Ring. 

CRIMNO'DES,  Crimndi'des,  from  xonnov, 
'coarse  meal,'  and  n8o<;,  'resemblance.'  Re- 
sembling meal. 

Crimno'des  Uri'na.  Urine  that  deposits  a 
sediment  like  meal. 

CRIMNON.Faiina. 

CRINA'LE,  from  crlnis,  'hair.'  An  instru- 
ment, formerly  used  to  compress,  in  cases  of 
fistula  lachrymalis.  It  has  its  name  from  the 
circumstance  of  its  having  at  one  end  a  small 
cushion  stuffed  with  hair. — Scultetus. 

CRINA'TUM.  A  species  of  fumigation,  used 
by  Paulus  of  ^Egina.  The  roots  of  lilies  en- 
tered into  the  process;  hence  its  name,  from 
xoirov,  '  the  lily.' 

CRINES,  Hair. 

CRIN1S,  Capillus. 

CRINOMYRON,  from  xoir-.r,  'the  lily,'  and 
ftvqov,  'ointment.'  Ungven'tum  lilia'ccvm,  U. 
JEgyp'tium  album,  U.  Susi'num.  An  ointment, 
composed  of  lilies  and  some  aromatic  plants. — 
Gorrreus. 

CRIJNON,  Eilium  candidum. 

CRIOMYX'OS,x(J»o/u»$0c.  In  antiquity,  one 
who  had  much  mucus  flowing  from  his  nasal 
fosssejike  the  ram;  from  xqiuc,  'a  ram,'  and  jiv'ioc, 
'  mucus.' 

CRISIS,  Diac'risis,  judgment;  from  xgnw,  '  I 
judge.'  This  word  has  been  used  in  various 
acceptations.  Some  mean  by  crisis  of  a  disease, 
when  it  augments  or  diminishes  considerably, 
becomes  transformed  into  another,  or  ceases 
entirely.  Some  have  used  the  word  to  signify 
only  the  favourable  changes,  which  supervene 
in  disease;  others,  for  the  change  going  on  in 
Ihe  acme  or  violence  of  the  disease.  Others, 
again,  have  given  this  name  only  to  a  rapid 
and  favourable  change,  joined  to  some  copious 
evacuation  or  eruption;  whilst  others  have  ap- 
plied the  term  to  the  symptoms  that  accompany 


such  change,  and  not  to  the  change  itself: — 
thus  including,  under  the  same  denomination, 
the  critical  phenomena  and  the  crisis. 

CRISPA'TION,  Crisputu'ra,  from  crispare, 
'  to  wrinkle.'  A  contraction,  or  spasmodic  con- 
striction, which  supervenes  in  certain  parts, 
either  spontaneously  or  by  the  influence  of 
some  morbific  cause  or  therapeutical  agent. 
The  capillary  vessels  of  a  wound  are,  by  the 
French,  termed  crispes,  when,  immediately  after 
an  operation,  the  blood  does  not  flow  from  them. 
The  skin  is  said  to  be  crispcc,  when  contracted, 
and  the  bulbs  of  the  hair  become  more  promi- 
nent. Crispation  of  the  nerves  is  a  slight  con- 
vulsive motion  of  external  or  internal  parts, 
much  less  than  that  which  occurs  in  convul- 
sion. 

CRISTA.  A  crest,  (F.)  Cr&e.  A  name  given 
to  several  bony  projections;  also,  to  the  clitoris. 

The  word  Crelcs  (F.),  Crista;,  is  also  used, 
in  France,  for  fimbriated  excrescences,  which 
form  at  the  anus,  and  near  the  genital  organs; 
and  are  commonly  owing  to  the  syphilitic  virus. 
Cities  de  Coq,  are  syphilitic  excrescences,  re- 
sembling, in  form,  the  crest  of  the  cock. 

Crista  Gali.i;  two  Latin  words,  signifying 
the  comb  of  a  cock,  (F.)  Crete  dc  C ethmoid c,  C. 
de  Coq.  A  flat,  triangular  process,  risintr  above 
the  cribriform  plate  of  the  ethmoid  bone,  and 
resembling  a  cock's  comb.  It  gives  attachment 
to  the  anterior  part  of  the  falx  cerebri. 

Crista  of  the  Ii/ium  is  the  superior  margin 
of  the  ilium: — the  Crista  of  the  Tib'ia,  the  an- 
terior edge,  the  shin.  VVinslow  calls  the  nym- 
phs, Cristas  of  the  clil'oris ;  and  Chaussier,  the 
verumontanum,  Crista  Urctlira'lis. 

Crista  Urltjiralis,  Gallinaginis  caput — c. 
Interna,  Frontal  spine. 

CRISTJLLIJY,  Crystalline. 

CRISTALL1JYE,  Mesembryanthemum  crys- 
tallinum. 

CR1THE,  Hordeolum.  Hordeum,  Penis. 

CR1TH1DION,  Hordeolum. 

CRITHMUM  MARIT'IMUM,  Crithmum, 
Samphire,  (F.)  Passe-piirrc,  Pe.rcc-picrre,  Fe~ 
nouilmarin,  Bacile.  Family,  Umbellifera.  Sex. 
Syst.  Pentandria  Digynia.  A  plant  which  grows 
on  the  sea-coasts,  has  a  spicy,  aromatic  flavour, 
and  is  used,  pickled,  as  a  condiment. 

The  Cuaponga  of  Brazil  is  a  kind  of  crith- 
mum. 

CRIT'ICAL,  Cril'icvs.  Belonging  to  a  crisis. 

Critical  Days,  Dies  crit'ici,  D.  judicatu'rii, 
D.  Decicto'rii,  D.  Prin'cipcs,  D.  Radica'lcs,  (F.) 
Jours  critiques,  are  those  on  which  a  crisis,  it 
was  imagined,  would  be  likely  to  happen.  Ac- 
cording to  Hippocrates  and  Galen,  the  greatest 
number  of  fevers  terminate  favourably  on  the 
7th  day,  and  many  on  the  14th; — these  two  days 
being  ihe  most  propitious.  Next  to  these  come, 
in  order  of  efficiency,  the  9th,  11th, 20th  or  21st, 
17th,  5th,  4th,  3d,  18th,  27th,  and  28th.  The 
sixth  day  was  called  by  Galen,  the  Tyrant, 
Tvjarroc, because  the  crises,  that  happened  then, 
were  generally  nnfavouiable.  After  this,  the 
most  unfavourable  were  the  8th,  10th,  12th, 
16th,  and  19th.  The  13lh  was  a  sort  of  neutral 
day,  the  crises,  which  happened  on  it,  being 
neither  favourable  nor  unfavourable.  Days 
were,  also,  divided  into  Jntercal'ary,  in  which 
the  crises  happened  less  frequently,  and  were 
less  complete  than  on  the  critical  or  indicatory; 
—  and  into  vacant  and  non-decretory,  in  which 


CROCHET 


214 


CROUP 


a  cr'sis  hardly  ever  occurred.  According  to 
this  division,  they  were  enumerated  ns  follows: 
Critkul  days,  7th,  34th,  20th,  27th,  34th, 

40th,  60th,  A:c. 
Indicatory  days,  4th,  1 1th,  17lh,  24th,  &c. 

Intercalary  days,        3d,  5th,  Cth,  9th,  &c. 
J\f on-decretory  days,   2d,  8th,   10th,   12th,  13th, 
&c. 

Fortunate  crises  were  considered  to  be  indi- 
cated by  favourable  signs  appearing  three  days 
before. 

CROCHET,  Crotchet. 

CROCIDISMUS,  Carphologia. 

CROCID1XIS,  Carphologia. 

CROC1NUM,  from  Hoxog,  'saffron.'  Made 
with  saffron;  coloured  with  saffron. 

CROCO'DES,  from  xaonog,  'saffron,'  and 
ttdvc,  'resemblance.'  Certain  troches  into 
which  saffron  entered  as  an  ingredient. — Paulus 
of^Sgina. 

CROtJODl'LEA,  Ster cits'  Lacer'lx.  The  ex- 
crements of  the  crocodile,  which  the  Arabists 
extolled  as  a  remedy  for  cutaneous  diseases,  and 
which  was  long  used  as  a  cosmetic. 

CROCODIL1UM,  Echinops. 

CKOCOMAG'MA,  from  kqox.o<;, 'saffron,'  and 
ptxyy-u,  'a  kneaded  or  squeezed  mass.'  A  kind 
of  troch,  composed  of  saffron  and  spices. — -Ga- 
len, Dioscorides,  Paulus  of  ^Egina,  Scnbonius 
Laroiis 

CROCUS,  C.  salivus.  C.  Austriacus,  Mrdi- 
ci.'na  Tristit"im,  Panacefa  veire tab' ills,  Zaffran, 
Jin'ima  Pulmo'num,  C.  Or  tenia' lis,  Saffron.  Or- 
der, Irideoe.  (F.)  Safran.  The  stigmata  are 
the  parts  used  in  medicine.  They  are  brought 
from  the  East.  The  odour  is  aromatic,  and  the 
taste  aromatic,  pungent,  and  bitter: — the  co- 
lour deep  orange  red.  Its  virtues  are  yielded 
to  alcohol,  wine,  vinegar  and  water.  Its  opera- 
tion has  been  considered  stimulant,  exhila- 
rating and  diaphoretic.     It  is  not  much  used. 

Cake  Saffron  is  sometimes  met  with.  It  con- 
sists of  one  part  of  saffron  and  nine  of  marigold, 
made  into  a  cake  with  oil,  and  pressed. 

Crocus,  Colcothar — c.  Antimonii,  Oxydum 
stibii  sulphuratum — c.  Germanicus,  Carthamus 
tinctorius — c.  lndicus,  Curcuma  longa — c.  Mar- 
tis  adslringens.  Colcothar — c.  Martis  aperiens, 
Ferri  subcarbonas- — c.  Martis  vitriolatus,  Colco- 
thar—  c.  Metallorurn,  Oxydum  stibii  sulphura- 
tum— c.  Saracenicus,  Carthamus  tinctorius. 

CROISlt,  (F.)  Crossed.  An  epithet  given  to 
paralysis,  when  it  attacks  the  arm  of  one  side, 
and  the  leg  of  another. 

CROISSANCE.  Growth. 

CROISSANCES,  Waxing  kernels. 

CROISSJJVTS,  Waxing  kernels. 

CROIX  DE  MALTE,  Splefnium  Crucia'tum, 
Maltese  Cross,  Cross  of  Malta.  A  compress, 
having  the  form  of  the  Maltese  cross  It  is 
made  of  a  piece  of  square  linen,  folded  in  four, 
and  divided  with  scissors  from  each  ano-le  to 
a  smail  distance  from  the  centre.  It  is  used 
especially  after  amputation  of  the  fingers,  penis, 
and  limbs. 

When  the  compress  is  cut  in  two  of  its  angles 
only,  it  is  called  the  Half  Maltese  Cross, — Demi- 
Croix  tie  Ma  lie. 

CROMMYON.  Allium  cepa. 

CROMMYOXYREG'MIA,  from  tQOpftvov, 
'an  onion,'  oil  ?,  '  acid,'  and  gijyi'ffii,  'to  break 
out.'  Sour,  fetid  eructations,  exhaling  a  smell 
similar  to  that  of  onions. 


CROPALE,  Nerium  antidysenlericum. 

CROSS,  MALTESE,  Croix  dc  Malic. 

CROSSE  DE  UAORTE,  Arch  of  the  aorta. 

CROSSES  PALMAWES,  Palmar  arches. 

CROSSWORT,  Enpatorium  perfoliatum. 

CROTALOPHORIJS.  Crotalus  horridus. 

CROT'ALUS  HORRIDUS,  Crotaloph'orua. 
The  Rattlesnake,  Cobra  tie  Capello,  (F.)  Crotale. 
A  venomous  reptile  of  North  America.  Its 
poison  is  virulent.  It  is  so  called  from  the  rat- 
tle in  its  tail.  (K^tuXov,  'a  rattle,'  'a  small 
bell.') 

CROT'APHE  or  CROTA'PHIUM,  from 
xn-.Tuifog,  '  temple.'  Cephalal' ' gia  Pulsat'ilis, 
Cephalafa  Pulsat'ilis,  Spkygnwceph'alus.  A  pul- 
satory pain,  chiefly  in  the  temples,  with  drum- 
ming in  the  ears. 

CROTAPHITE  ARTERIES,  Temporal  A. 

CROTAPHITES.  Temporal  muscle. 

CROTAPHUS,  Temple,  Temporal  bone. 

CROTCHET,  Humus.  A  small  hook  or 
crook.  (F.)  Crochet.  An  obstetrical  instru- 
ment, whose  name  indicates  its  shape;  and 
which  is  used  in  the  extraction  of  the  foetus, 
when  it  becomes  necess-ary  to  destroy  it  to  expe- 
dite delivery.  Crotchets  are  differently  formed: 
some  are  sharp,  others  blunt;  some  contained 
in  a  sheath,  others  naked. 

CROTON'  BENZOE,  Benjamin. 

Cuoton  Casc athl'la,  Cortex  Eleuthe'ria?,  Cro- 
ttm  Eleuthe'ria .  Thus  Judseo'rum,  Cltacarii'lx 
cortex,  Cascaril'la,  Elutefria,  Gascaril'la.  Order, 
Euphorbiacese.  Sex.  Syst.  Moncecia  Monadel- 
phia.  (F.)  Quinquina  aroma tique,  Cascarille, 
The  bark  of  the  Croton  Cascarilla  of  the  Baha- 
mas, Cortex  T/iuris,  has  a  slightly  aromatic 
odour,  and -bitterish,  aromatic  taste.  The  smoke 
has  the  odour  of  musk.  The  active  parts  are 
an  essential  oil  and  bitter  extractive.  They 
are  completely  extracted  by  proof  spirit.  It  is 
torric  and  stomachic.  Dose,  gr.  xv.  to  gss  or 
more  in  powder. 

Croton  Eleutherfa,  Croton  cascarilla — c. 
Lacciferum,  see  Lacca — c   Oil,  Croton  tiglium. 

Croton  Racemo'sum,  Beenel.  A  small  Mala- 
bar tree,  whose  aromatic  root,  boiled  in  oil  of 
sesame,  is  employed,  by  the  orientals,  as  a  lini- 
ment in  headache  and  rheumatism. 

Croton  Tig'mum,  CadelAcanacu.  A  Ceylo- 
nese  plant,  every  part  of  which  is  endowed  with 
medicinal  power.  The  root  is  a  drastic  cathar- 
tic: the  wood,  {Lignum  Pava'nw,)  Parana 
wood,  and  the  seed,  have  like  virtues.  The 
seeds  have  been  lontr  known  under  the  names, 
Grana  Moluc'cx,  Tilii  Grana,  and  Gratia  Tiglii. 
From  these  seeds  the  Croton  Oil,  O'leum  Tiglii 
is  expressed.  It  is  of  a  pale,  brownish-yellow 
colour,  and  hot,  biting  taste;  and  is  a  most 
powerful  drastic  cathartic.  Dose,  from  half  a 
drop  to  three  drops,  made  into  pills  with  crumb 
of  bread.  It  is  also  applied  externally  as  a 
rubefacient,  3  to  5  drops  being  rubbed  on  the 
part;  or  one  part  of  the  oil  and  three  parts  of 
olive  oil  may  be  added  together,  and  a  little  of 
this  be  rubbed  on. 

CROTO'NE,  y.norcn >;.  A  fungus,  which 
grows  on  trees,  and  is  produced  by  an  insect, 
from  xuorori', '  a  tick.'  By  extension,  applied  to 
a  fungous  tumour  developed  on  the  periosteum. 

CROUP,  Cynnnche  trachealis— c  Bronchial, 
Polypus  bronchialis  — c.  Cerebral  spasmodic, 
Carpo-ped.il  spasm — c.   Cerebral,  Asthma  thy- 


CROUP,  HYSTERIC 


215        CRURAL  OR  FEMORAL  CANAL 


micum — c.  Chronic,  Polypus  bronchialis — c. 
Faux,  Asthma  thyinicum,  see  Cynanche  tra- 
chealis. 

Croup,  Hvster'ic.  A  spasmodic  affection  of 
the  laryngeal  muscles  by  no  means  unfrequent 
in  hysterical  females, — the  paroxysm  consisting 
in  a  long  protracted, loud  and  convulsive  cough, 
followed  at  times  by  crowing  respiration,  and 
by  dyspnoea  so  great  as  to  threaten  suffocation. 
The  treatment  is  that  advised  for  hysteria. 
(q.  v.) 

Croup,  Pseudo,  Asthma  thymicum — c.  Spas- 
modic, see  Cynanche  trachealis,  and  Asthma 
thymicum — c.  Spurious,  Asthma  thymicum. 
CROUPE,  see  Croupion. 
CROUPION  (F  ),  Uropyg'ium,  the  Rump. 
The  region  of  the  coccyx.  The  Crupper,  (F.) 
Croupe. 

CROUP- LIKE  INSPIRATION  OF  IN- 
FANTS, Asthma  thymicum. 

CR  0  UTE,  Crusta— c.  de  Lait,  Porrigo  larva- 
lis — r.    Laitevsc,  Porri<ro  larvalis. 
CROUTEUX,  Cruslace. 

CROWFOOT,  Geranium  maculatum—  c. 
Bulbous-rooted,Ranunculusbulbosus — c.  Marsh, 
Ranunculus  sceleratus — c.  Meadow,  Ranuncu- 
lus acris — c.  Water,  smaller,  Ranunculus  flam- 
mula. 

CROWN,  Coro'na,  Steph'anS.  In  anatomy, 
this  name  is  given  to  parts  of  a  circular  form, 
which  surmount  other  portions  of  the  saint 
body.  Thus,  the  Crown  of  a  Tooth,  Coro'na 
Dentis,  (F.)  Couronne  du  Dent,  is  the  portion  of 
the  tooth  which  projects  above  the  gum. 

Crown  of  thk  Glans,  Coro'na  glandis  (F.) 
Couronne  du  gland,  is  the  round,  almost  circu- 
lar, ring,  which  circumscribes  the  base  of  the 
glans. 

Crown  of  thk  Trepan,  Modiolus,  (F.)  Cou- 
ronne de  Trepan,  is  a  species  of  saw,  in  form  of 
a  crown,  or  rather  of  a  portion  of  a  cylinder, 
having  grooves  on  its  external  surface,  and 
teeth  at  its  lower  extremity:  the  other  being 
fitted  to  the  handle  of  the  trepan. 

Chown  of  Venus,  Coro'na  Ven'eris,  Gutla 
Rosa'cea  Syphilitica,  (F.)  Couronne  de  Venus. 
Red,  rosy  pustules,  dry  or  moist,  on  the  face; 
but  particularly  on  the  forehead  and  temples, 
owing  to  constitutional  syphilis. 

CROWrfBEAK-LIK E  PROCESS,  Coracoid 
process. 

CRU'CIAL,from  crux,  cruris,  'a  cross,'  Cru- 
cia'lis.  Having  the  shape  of  a  cross. 
Crucial  Bandage,  T.  Bandage. 
Crucial  Incis'ion,  (F.)  Incision  cruciale.  An 
incision  made  in  the  form  of  a  cross.  Often 
employed  for  exposing  the  cranium,  for  the 
purpose  of  applying  the  trepan. 

Crucial  Lig'aments,  (F.)  Ligaments  croisds, 
L.  cruc'formes.  Two  strong  ligaments  within 
the  knee-joint.  The  anterior  passes  obliquely 
from  a  depression  anterior  to  (he  spine  of  the 
tibia  to  the  posterior  and  inner  part  of  the  ex- 
ternal condyle  of  the  femur: — the  other,  the 
posterior,  extends  from  the  posterior  pait  of  the 
spine  of  the  tibia  to  the  anterior  and  outer  part 
of  the  internal  condyle. 

CRU'CIBLE,  from  crux,  cruris,  'a  cross;'  so 
called — it  has  been  supposed — from  being  made 
in  the  shape  of  a  cross,  or  from  having  a  cross 
impressed  upon  it;  Crucili'ulum,  Cuti'uus  fuso'- 
rius,  Tigii'lum,  Jiihot,  Cemente'rium.  (F.)  Ci en- 
act.    A   vessel  of  earth,  silver,  platinum,  gold, 


black-lead,  &c  ,  for  receiving  substances,  which 
have  to  be  exposed  to  a  strong  heat.  It  is  some- 
times covered  with  a  lop  or  lid,  (F.)  Couvercle. 
CRU'CIFORM,  from  crux,  cruris,  'a  cross,' 
and  forma, '  shape;'  Ciurifor'mis,  Cross-shaped. 
A  name  given  to  the  ligaments  which  close  the 
articulations  of  the  phalanges;  and  likewise  to 
the  crucial  ligaments. 

CRU'DITY,  Cru'd'das,  from  crudus,  'crude,' 
'  unprepared  '  Rawness,  crudeness.  This  has 
received  several  acceptations.  1.  It  express- 
es the  quality  of  certain  aliments,  which  have 
not  experienced  the  action  of  fire.  2.  The  con- 
dition of  matters  in  the  digestive  tube,  which 
have  not  undergone  the  digestive  changes;  and, 
3.  In  the  language  of  the  Humorists,  it  means 
the  condition  of  the  morbific  matter  in  a  sick 
individual,  when  it  has  not  yet  been  prepared 
or  concocted  by  the  action  of  the  organs. 

The  word  is  used  in  the  plural,  Crudities, 
synonymously  with  crude  matters.  (F.)  Ma- 
tieres  crues.  It  is  applied  to  those,  when  con- 
tained in  the  stomach  and  intestines. 

CRUENTA  EXPUITIO,  Haemoptysis. 

CRUES  (Matieres.)  see  Crudity. 

CRUOR.  The  signification  of  this  word  is 
very  vague.  It  has  been  used  to  designate 
blood  (q.  v.)  in  general,  venous  blood,  extra- 
vasated  or  coagulated  blood,  and  the  colouring 
matter. 

C iiu on  Sanguinis,  see  Blood. 

CRUOR1NE,  Hscmatine. 

CRU  ITER,  Croupion. 

CRUPSIA,  Metamorphopsia. 

CRURA.  The  plural  of  Crus,  <  a  leg.1  (F.) 
Cuissc.  Applied  to  some  parts  of  the  body, 
fiom  their  resemblance  to  a  leg  or  root;  as  the 
Crura  cerebri,  Crura  cerebelli,  tVc. 

Crura  Anteriora  Medulla  Oblongata, 
Peduncles  of  the  brain — c.  Medulla?  oblongata?, 
Corpora  restiformia — c.  Medulla?  oblongata?, 
Thalami  nervorum  opticorum — c.  Posteriora 
medulla?  oblongata?,  Peduncles  of  the  cerebel- 
1  u  m . 

CRUR^EUS,  Cruralis. 

CRURAL,  Crura'iis,  from  crus,  'the  thigh 
and  the  lower  limb.'  What  belongs  to  the  thigh 
or  lower  limb. 

Crural  or  Fem'oral  Artery,  (F.)  Jlrtere 
crural e,  A  Pilci  crurale, — (Ch.,)  is  the  conti- 
nuation of  the  external  iliac.  It  extends  from 
the  crural  arch  to  the  aperture  in  the  triceps, 
or  to  the  ham.  Chaussier  applies  the  name 
Arlhe  crurale  to  the  trunk,  which  extends  from 
the  primitive  or  common  iliac  to  the  tibial  ar- 
teries; embracing,  of  course,  the  external  iliac, 
femoral,  and  popliteal. 

Cruiial  or  Fkm'oral  Canal  or  Ring.  M. 
Jules  Cloquet  has  described  this  canal  with 
minuteness,  and  given  it  the  name  Ann eau  cru- 
ral, Annenufd/noral.  It  is  nearly  an  inch  long, 
is  triangular,  more  spacious  above  than  below, 
and  shorter  and  broader  in  the  female  than  in 
the  male.  Its  upper  orifice  is  bounded,  ante- 
riorly, by  the  crural  arch;  posteriorly,  by  the 
crista  of  the  pubis ;  on  the  outer  side  by  the 
psoas  and  iliacus  muscles,  covered  by  the  iliac 
aponeurosis,  and,  at  the  inner,  by  Gimbernal's 
ligament.  This  orifice  is  covered  by  the  peri- 
toneum, and.  according  to  M.  Cloquet,  is  closed 
by  a  more  or  less  resisting  septum,  which  he 
has  named  Septum  crurale.  In  its  course,  the 
crural  canal  has  its  anterior  paries  formed  by 


CRURAL  OR  INGUINAL  ARCH         21 G 


CRYPTODIDYMUS 


the  superficial  expansion  of  the  fascia  lata:  the 
poslei  ior  by  the  pectineus,  covered  by  the  deep- 
seated  expansion  of  the  fascia;  and  more  ex- 
ternally by  the  psoas  and  iliacus  muscles,  co- 
vered by  an  expansion  of  the  fascia  iliaca.  Jts 
inferior  orifice  is  formed  by  the  foramen  of  the 
fascia  lata,  which  gives  passage  to  the  vena 
saphoena.  It  is  at  the  upper  orifice  of  this 
canal,  that  Femoral  or  Crural  Hernia,  the  Her- 
nia inguinale, of  Chaussier, occurs;  which  would 
be  more  common,  were  it  not  for  the  fibrous 
cellular  septum  there  situate. 

Crural  or  Inguinal  Arch,  (F.)  Arcade  cru- 
rale,  A.  inguinale  (Ch.,) — Poupakt's  Lig'ament, 
L.  of  Fallo'pins.  This  arch  is  formed  by  the 
internal  portion  of  the  inferior  edge  of  the  apo- 
neurosis of  the  obliquus  externus  muscle,  which 
is  attached,  at  one  end,  to  the  pubis;  at  the 
other,  to  the  anterior  and  superior  spinous  pro- 
cess of  the  ilium.  At  its  posterior  and  inner 
part,  the  aponeurosis,  forming  the  arch,  sends 
off  a  falciform  reflection,  which  is  attached 
along  the  crest  of  the  pubis,  and  is  known  un- 
der the  name  of  Gimbkrnat's  Ligament.  Be- 
neath this  arch,  the  vessels,  nerves,  and  mus- 
cles make  their  exit  from  the  pelvis  to  the  thigh. 

Crural  Nerve  proceeds  from  the  lumbar 
plexus,  and  is  situate  at  the  outer  side  of  the 
psoas  muscle  and  crural  artery.  After  it  has 
passed  under  the  crural  arch,  it  divides  into 
cutaneous  and  muscular  branches.  One  of  the 
branches,  which  is  larger  than  the  rest,  is  called 
the  Sapha'na  nerve.  It  gives  off*  filaments  to 
the  integuments  of  the  knee,  to  the  inner  part 
of  the  leg,  and  to  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  foot. 
The  remainder  of  the  branches  of  the  crural  are 
distributed  to  the  anterior  and  inner  part  of  the 
thigh.  The  Ac'ccssory  of  the  Crural  Nerve  is 
a  term  given  to  the  4th  and  5th  pairs  of  lumbar 
nerves. 

Crural  Plexus  of  Chaussier  is  the  union  of 
the  anterior  branches  of  the  last  four  pairs  of 
lumbar  nerves,  and  the  first  four  sacral;  forming 
the  lumbar  and  sacral  plexuses  of  most  anato- 
mists. 

Crural  or  Femoral  Vein  has  the  same  ar- 
rangement as  the  artery.  It  receives  only  one 
great  branch,  the  saphaena. 

CRURAL,  Triceps  cruris. 

CRURA'LIS  or  CRUR^E'US.  A  part  of  the 
Triceps  crural  of  the  French,  or  of  the  Trifi- 
moro-rotulicn  of  Chaussier.  The  cruralis  is 
situate  at  the  anterior,  outer,  and  inner  part  of 
the  thigh.  It  arises,  fleshy,  from  between  the 
two  trochanters,  adheres  firmly  to  most  of  the 
fore  patt  of  the  os  femoris,  and  is  inserted,  ten- 
dinous, into  the  upper  part  of  the  patella,  be- 
hind the  rectus.  Its  use  is  to  assist  the  vast" 
and  rectus  in  the  extension  of  the  log.  Under 
Muscle  Triceps  Crural,  the  French  describe  the 
cruralis  and  the  two  vasti.  Some  small  mus- 
cular slips,  sometimes  found  under  the  crurseus 
muscle,  and  inserted  into  the  capsular  ligament 
of  the  knee-joint,  have  been  called  Subcrurx'i. 

CRURIS  UADIUS,  Fibula. 

CRUS.  Lee,  Thigh. 

CRUST,  Eschar' 

CRUSTA.  A  crust  or  scab,  (F  )  Crovtc.  An 
assemblage  of  small  flakes,  formed  by  the  dry- 
ing up  of  a  fluid  secreted  by  the  skin. 

The  lining  membrane  of  the  stomach  and  in- 
testines has  been  called  Crusta  villo'sa. 


Critsta  Adamantina  Df.ntium,  Enamel  of 
the  (eeth. 

Crusta  Genu  Equi'n^,  Sweat  or  Knee  8cdb, 
Mock  or  Encircled  Hoof  Knees,  Hangers,  Dew 
Claios,  Night  Eyes,  Horse  Crust.  This  morbid 
secretion  from  the  horse  has  been  advised  in 
cases  of  epilepsy.  It  is  used  in  the  form  of 
powder,  (gr.  ij  to  gr.  xx;)  and  of  tincture. 

Crusta  Inflammatory,  Corium  phlogisti- 
cum — c.  Lactea,  Porrigo  larvalis,  P.  lupinosa — 
c.  Membranacea,  Peristroma— c.  Petrosa,  see 
Tooth— c.  Phlogistica,  Corium  phlogisticum— 
c.  Pleuretica,  Corium  phlogisticum — c.  Prurigi- 
nosa,  Gutta  rosea— c.  Serpiginosa,  Gutla  rosea 
— c.  Vermicularis,  Peristroma — c.  Villosa  lin- 
gua?, see  Tonnfue. 

CRUSTA  C'A,  (F.)  Alibert  has  substituted 
this  word,  in  his  Nosology,  for  crouleux,  'crusty.' 
Having  crusts  or  scabs;  as  Dartre  crustacee. 

CRUSTULA.  A  small  shell  or  scab.  An 
ecchymosis  of  the  conjunctiva. 

ORUSTUMINATUM.  A  rob,  prepared  from 
the  Fyra  Crustumi'na  or  Crustume.ri'na  (so 
called  from  Crustuminum,  a  town  in  Italy, 
where  they  grew,)  boiled  with  honey  or  in 
rain- water. — Aetius. 

CRUX  CERVI.  An  ancient  appellation  for 
the  bone  in  the  heart  of  the  stag.  It  was  once 
considered  useful  in  diseases  of  the  heart. 

CRY,  Clamor,  (F.)  Cri.  The  sound  of  the 
unarticulated  voice.  The  native  voice,  which 
the  idiot  and  deaf  possess  equally  with  the  man 
of  genius  and  hearing.  The  cry  of  the  new- 
born child  has  been  called  Vagi'lus,  (F.)  Vagis- 
sement.  We  say,  "A  cry  of  joy,  of  pleasure,  of 
pain"  &c,  according  to  the  expression,  which 
it  may  convey  to  the  hearer. 

CRYMO'DES,  from  xQvpog,  'cold.'  A  con- 
tinued fever,  in  which  the  internal  parts  feel 
hot,  and  the  external  cold;  and  which  was  at- 
tributed to  an  erysipelatous  inflammation  of  the 
lungs. — Aetius,  Gorrseus. 

CRYMOUYN'IA,  from  xnv/nog,  'cold,'  and 
cdvv)],  '  pain.'  Chronic  rheumatism,  and  all  its 
modifications — Baumes. 

CRYMO'SIS,  from  KQvf*ot, '  cold.'  Diseases 
caused  by  the  action  of  cold — Baumes. 

CRYPSOR'CHlS,from  xovtitu.,  '  I  conceal,' 
and  op/ic,'  a  testicle,'  Cryptor'chis,  Testicoridus. 
One  in  whom  the  testes  have  not  descended 
into  the  scrotum.  The  state  is  called,  Cryptor- 
chidis'mus,  Parorchid'ium. 

CRYPTA,  from  noun-roc,  '  concealed.'  Fol- 
lic'ulosc  gland,  Lacu'na,  Follic'ulas,  (F.)  Crypte, 
Fullicule.  A  crypt  or  follicle  is  a  small,  roundish, 
hollow  body,  situate  in  the  substance  of  the  skin 
or  mucous  membranes,  and  constantly  pouring 
the  fluid  which  it  secretes  on  their  surfaces. 

The  use  of  the  cryptal  or  follicular  secretion, 
is  to  keep  the  parts,  on  which  it  is  poured,  sup- 
ple and  moist,  and  to  preserve  them  from  the 
action  of  irritating  bodies,  witli  which  they  have 
to  come  in  contact. 

The  little  rounded  appearances  at  the  ends 
of  the  small  arteries,  in  the  cortical  substance 
of  the  kidney,  are  also  calle<     Jryptse. 

CRYPTO  SEBACEAE,  Sebaceous  glands. 

CRYPTE,  Crypta. 

CRYPTOCEPH'ALUS,  from  y.ov?rrct,  '  con- 
cealed,' and  xkxkxAi;,  '  head.'  A  monster  whose 
head  is  excessively  small,  and  does  not  appear 
externally. — G.  St.  Hilaire. 

CRYPTODID'YMUS,   Falus  in  fcetu.     A 


CRYPTOCAMOUS 


iil7 


CUBOID 


monstrrtsUy,  in  which  one  foetus  i.s  found  con- 
tained in  another. 

CRYPTOCAMOUS,  Cryptomim'ic,  Crypto- 
gam'icus;  from  KQvnroc,  'concealed,'  and  yauog, 
•  marriage.'  An  epithet  applied  by  botanists  to 
plants  whose  organs  of  fructification  are  con- 
cealed or  not  manifest.  Ag'amous  plants  are 
those  whose  sexual  organs  are  unknown. 

CRYPTOPHY1CLS,  Oyptopyic. 

CRYPTOPY'IC,  Cry/Uophy'icus, from  xovrrw, 
'  1  conceal,'  and  irvor, '  pus.'  A  state  of  disease, 
kept  up  by  an  occult  abscess. 

CRYPTORCHIDISM  US,  see  Crjpsorchis. 

CRYPTORCHIS,  Crypsorchis. 

CRYPTS.  SYNOVIAL,  Bursa;  mucosa;. 

CRYSTAL,  MINERAL,  PotarfstB  nitras  fusus 
sulphatis  paucillo  mixtus. 

CRYSTAL'LI.  Vesicles,  filled  with  a  watery 
fluid.  They  are  also  called  crystal' Unit.  Pro- 
bably the  pemphigus  of  modern  writers. 

Crystalli  LunjE,  Argenti  nitras. 

CR  YSTALLW,  Crystalline. 

CRYSTALLINE,  Crystal' linus.  Having  the 
appearance  of  crystal. 

Ciivs'talline,  Crys'talline  humour,  C  Lens, 
Crystalline  body,  Crystal  linus,  Lens  crystal' - 
Una,  Lens  crystal  I  o'i'des  vel  Corpus  Crystal'- 
linum,  C.  Disco'i'des,  C.  Crystalhvdes,  C.  Pha- 
co'ides,  Humor  crystal' I  inns,  II  gtaeia'lis,  Gem- 
ma Octili,  (F.)  Cristallin  ou  Crystallin,  Humeur 
crystalline,  Corps  crystallin,  Lentille  crystalline. 
A  lenticular,  transparent,  body,  situate  between 
the  vitreous  and  aqueous  humours  of  the  eye, 
at  the  union  of  the  anterior  third  with  the  two 
posterior  thirds  of  this  organ.  It.  is  composed 
of  a  soft,  exterior  substance;  and  an  interior, 
forming  a  solid  nucleus,  in  which  a  number  of 
elliptical  layers  are  perceptible.  It  is  contained 
in  a  capsule,  called  Tunica  aranea  vel  crystal- 
line, and  receives,  at  its  posterior  surface,  a 
small  branch  of  the  central  artery  of  the  retina, 
which  is  always  readily  distinguishable  in  the 
foetus,  prior  to  the  7th  month  of  utero-gestation. 

The  use  of  the  crystalline  is  to  reft  act  the  rays 
of  light,  and  to  serve  as  an  achromatic  glass: 
for  which  its  lamina?  or  layers,  composed  of 
substances  of  different  refractive  powers,  admi- 
rably adapt  it 

CRYSTAL'LINA,from  %qvaraXXog, '  crystal.' 
A  vesicle  or  phlycteena,  filled  with  serum,  and 
appearing  on  the  prepuce  or  in  the  vicinity  of 
the  anus,  surrounded  by  a  reddish  extravasated 
aureola.  It  may  be  syphilitic  or  not.  See 
Crystalli. 

CRYSTALLION,  Plantago  psyllium. 

CRYSTALLOID,  Crystalloides,  from  k^vt- 
rnXiog,  'crystal,'  and  nSo;,  '  form,'  ;  resem- 
blance.' Resembling1  crystal  or  the  crystalline. 
The  capsule  or  membrane  of  the  crystalline.  Also, 
the  crystalline  itself. 

CRYSTALLUS  M1NERALIS,  Potass®  ni- 
tras fusus  sulphatis  paucillo  mixtus. 

CRYTHE,  Hordeolum. 

CTEDON,  Fibre. 

('THIS.   Pubes. 

CTESIPHON'TISMALAGMA.    A  plaster, 
employed  and  described  by  Celsus. 
CUBA,  see  Havannah. 
CUBA  LSINI,  Piper  cubeba. 
CURE  15 A.  Piper  cubeba. 
C1I3IFORM1S,  Cuboid. 
CUBIT.  Ulna— c.  Top  of  the,  Olecranon. 
CU'BITAL,  Cubitu'lis.     Connected  with,  or 
15 


relating  to  the  cubitus,  or  to  the  inner  and  pos- 
terior part  of  the  forearm. 

Cubital  Artery,  Jlrte'rla  cubita'lis,  A.  ul- 
na'ris,  arises  from  the  humeral  a  little  below 
the  bend  of  the  elbow;  proceeds  along  the  an- 
terior and  inner  part  of  the  forearm;  passes 
anterior  to  the  ligamentum  annulare  of  the  car- 
pus, and  .goes  to  form,  in  the  palm  of  the  hand. 
the  superficial  palmar  arch.  Besides  the  nu- 
merous muscular  branches,  which  it  gives  off 
in  its  course,  it  sends  posteriorly,  the  common 
trunk  of  the  interosseous  arteries,  and  internally, 
the  two  cubital  recurrents,  anterior  and  posterior, 
— articular  branches,  which  anastomose  on  the 
inside  of  the  elbow  with  the  divisions  of  the 
humeral  artery. 

Cubital  Muscles  are  two  in  number.  1. 
The  Cubita'lis  anterior,  C.  inlcr'nus,  Flexor 
carpi  ulnaris,  Ulnaris  inlernus,  Epilrochli-cubito- 
carpien,  Cubito-carpien — (Ch.),  is  a  long  mus- 
cle, situate  at  the  interior  and  inner  part  of  the 
forearm.  It  arises  from  the  inner  condyle  of 
the  os  humeri,  at  the  inner  side  of  the  olecranon, 
and  from  the  posterior  edge  of  the  ulna,  and  is 
inserted  by  a  tendon,  into  the  os  pisiforme. 
Its  use  is  to  bend  the  hand  on  the  forearm,  by 
directing  it  slightly  inwards.  2.  The  cubita'lis 
poste'rior  or  exlei'nus,  E.rten'sor  Carpi  ulna'ris, 
Ulna'ris  exter'nus,  Cubitc'us  externus,  Cubito- 
sus-metacarjiien — (Ch.,),  is  situate  at  the  poste- 
rior part  of  the  forearm.  It  arises  from  the 
external  condyle  of  the  os  humeri,  and  is  in- 
serted into  the  superior  extremity  of  the  fifth 
bone  of  the  metacarpus.  Its  use  is  to  extend 
the  hand  inclining  it  a  little  inwards. 

Cubital  Nerve,  Dinar  nerve,  Cubito-digital 
— (Ch.),  is  furnished  by  the  last  two  or  three 
nerves  of  the  brachial  plexus,  and  is  distributed 
to  the  inner  and  anterior  side  of  the  forearm; 
to  the  inner  part  of  the  palm  and  of  the  back  of 
the  hand,  and  to  the  last  two  or  three  fingers. 

Cubital  Veins,  deep-seated,  and  the  recur- 
rent cubital  veins,  accompany  the  corresponding 
arteries.  The  superficial  cubital  veins  belong 
to  the  basilic.  Chaussier  calls  them  cuta'ncou3< 
cubital. 

CUBITALE  (OS)  Cuneiform  bone. 

CUBITALIS  RIOLANI,  see  Anconeus. 

CUBITEUS  EXTERNUS,  see  Cubital  mus- 
cles. 

CUBITO-CARPIEN,  see  Cubital  muscles— 
c.  Cutanc  (ncrf,)  Cutaneous  nerve — c.  Phalun- 
gettien  commun,  Flexor  profundus  perforans — 
c.  Radi susmetacarpien  du  poucc,  Abductor  lon- 
gns  pollicis — c.  Radial.  Pronator  radii  quadratus 

CUBITO-SUPRA-PALMA'RIS.  Belonging 
to  the  cubitus  and  to  the  supra-palmar  or  dorsal 
surface  of  the  hand.  Chaussier  gives  this 
name:  1.  To  a  small  artery,  which  is  given  off 
by  the  cubital  or  ulnar,  a  little  above  the  wrist. 
2.  To  a  vein,  which  accompanies  this  artery. 

CUBITOSUS  MKT.1C.1RPIEN,  secCnbhzl 
muscles — c.Sus-mclo  carpi  en  du  poucc,  Abductor 
longus  pollicis— r.  Sus-Phalangettien  de  I'index, 
Extensor  proprius  indicis— c.  Sus  phalangettien 
du  poucc,  E.  longus  pollicis— c.  Sus-phalangien 
du  pouce.  E.  pollicis  brevis. 

CU'BITUS,  HvfliTov,  Cybiton.  The  Elbow, 
(q.  v.)  Also,  one  of  the  bones  of  the  forearm. 
See  Ulna  and  Forearm. 

Cubitus,  (F.)  Cuudie,  the  ancient  name  of  a 
measure  18  inches  long. 

CU'BOID,  Cuboi'elcs,  Cubifor'mis,  Cyboi'dcs, 


CUCKOO  FLOWER 


213 


CULINARY  ART 


Cijrtu'i'des,  Grandino' sum  Os,  Tes'sara,  Tesserae 
os,  Os  rurhiiii.  from  nt/jSos,  '  a  cube,'  and  ciSog, 
'  form.'  Having  the  form  of  a  cube.  This 
r.ame  was  given,  by  Galen,  to  one  of  the  bones 
of  the  tarsus,  and  is  still  retained.  It  is  situate 
at  the  anterior  and  outer  part  of  the  tarsus; 
and  is  articulated, behind,  with  the  ealcaneum; 
before,  with  the  last  two  metatarsal  bones,  and 
within,  with  the  third  os  cuneiforme,  and  some- 
times with  the  scaphoides.  Its  inferior  surface 
has  an  oblique  groove  for  the  tendon  of  the 
pcroncus  longus. 

CUCKOO  FLOWER,  Cardamine  pratensis. 

CUCKOWBREAD,  Oxalis  acetosella. 

CUCKOW  PINT.  Arum  maculatum. 

CUCU'BALUS  BEHEN,  Behen  officina'rum. 
This  plant  was  once  considered  alexipharmic 
and  cordial.     It  is  the  Spalling  Pappy. 

CUCULA'TUM  MA  J  US.  A  barbarous  term, 
used  bv  Ruland  for  brandy  arid  spirit  of  wine. 

CUCULLARIS,  Trapezius. 

CUCULLATA,  Sanicula. 

CUCULLUS,  Cuuvre-c/irf,  Cucupha,  Infun- 
dibulum  of  the  cochlea. 

CUCULUS,  Coccyx. 

CUCUMBER,  Cucumis  sativus — c.  Indian, 
Medeola  Virginica — c.  Squirting  or  wild,  Mo- 
mordica  elaterium — c.  Tree,  Magnolia  acumi- 
nata. 

CUCUMER,  Cucumis  sativus. 

CUCUMIS,  Penis— c.  Agrestis,  Mornordica 
elaterium — c.  Asininus,  Mornordica  elate- 
rium. 

Cu'cumis  Cot.ocyn'this.  The  officinal  name 
of  the  Colocynth  or  Bitter  Apple,  Co'ocyn'this, 
uin'tidft,  Bittir  Gourd,  Bitter  Cucumber, 
(F.)  Coloquinte.  Family,  Cucurbitacese.  Sex. 
Syst.  Moncecia  Monadelphia.  A  Turkey  and 
Cape  of  Good  Hope  plant.  Tlie  spongy  part  or 
medulla  of  the  fruit,  Colocyn'thidis  Pulpa,  Cu- 
cu'meris  Colocyn'thidis  Pulpa,  has  a  bitter,  nau- 
seous, and  acrimonious  taste,  and  is  a  strono- 
cathartic,  acting  chiefly  on  the  upper  part  of 
the  intestines.  It  is  scarcely  ever  used,  except 
in  combination. 

Cucumis  Mklo.  The  systematic  name  of  the 
Melon  Plant,  Melo,  Common  Melon.  (F.)  Melon. 
The  fruit  is  an  agreeable  article  of  diet,  but  not 
very  digestible,  unless  when  ripe.  The  seeds 
possess  mucilaginous  properties. 

Cucumis  Sati'vus.  The  systematic  name  of 
the  Cu' 'cumber  plant,  Cucumis,  Angou'rion, 
CUreolus,  Ca'cumer,  or  Curvimer, from  its  curved 
shape,  (F  )  Concombre  ordinaire.  The  cucum- 
ber is  used,  when  young,  as  a  pickle,  when  it 
is  called  a  Gherkin.  (F  )  Cornichon.  It  is  not 
a  fruit  easy  of  digestion.  The  seeds  are  mu- 
cilaginous. 

Cucumis  Svivfstiws,  Mornordica  elaterium 

CU'OUPHA,  Cu' cull ,,s,  Pi'leus,  Sac' cuius 
cephal'icus.  A  sort  of  coif  <:r  cap,  with  a  dou- 
ble bottom,  between  which  is  enclosed  a  mix- 
ture of  aromatic  powders,  navincr  cotton  for  an 
excipient.  It  was  formerly  used  as  a  powerful 
cephalic. 

CUCURBITA,  a  curvitale,  owing  to  its  shape. 
A  gourd.     See  Cnpping-glass. 

Cucuh'bita  Cittill'i.us.  The  systematic 
name  of  the  Water- melon  plant.  Cilrul'/us 
Angu'ria,  Tetrangu'ria,  Sicilian  Cilrul ,  Water- 
melon. Family,  Cncurbiiacear.  Sex  Syst.  Mo- 
ncecia Monadelphia.  (F.)  Melon  d'eau,  Pas- 
t'eque.     The  juice  of  this  fruit  is  very  abundant, 


whence  its  name.  The  Water  Melon  is  ex- 
tremely refreshing  and  agreeable,  when  made 
cool,  and  is  eaten  like  the  common  melon.  It 
is  very  much  used  in  the  United  Stales. 

Cucur'bita  Peto,  Pepo.  The  systematic 
name  of  the  Common  Pompion,  Cucur'bita. 
The  seeds  of  this  plant,  as  well  as  those  of  Cu- 
cur'bita lugena'ria  or  Bottle-gourd,  contain  a 
large  proportion  of  oil,  capable  of  forming 
emulsions:  but  they  are  not  used. 

Both  the  fruit  of  Cucur'bita  Lagena'ria, 
(  (F.)  Cahbasses,)  and  that  of  Cucur'bita 
I'epo,  (  (F  )  Poliron  Courge,,)  are  eaten. 

CUCURBITAIN.  Cucurbitinus. 

CUCURBITATIO,  Cupping. 

CUCURBITl'NUS,  (F.)  Cucurbitain.  This 
name  was  formerly  given  to  the  Teenia  solium, 
because  composed  of  rings  which  resemble  the 
seeds  of  the  gourd,  cuevrbita.  The  ancients 
believed,  that  the  rings,  which  are  sometimes 
discharged,  were  so  many  separate  worms. — 
See  Taenia. 

CUCURBITULA,  Cupping-glass. 

Cucurbitui.^e  Cruentje,  Cupping  with  the 
scarificator — c.  cum  Ferro,  Cupping  with  the 
scarificator — c.  Siccse,  Cupping,  dry. 

CUDWEED,  Gnaphalium  main-aritaceum. 

CUILLElUtE,  Cochleare. 

CUIR.  Corium. 

CUISSART.  A  wooden  leg.  See  Cornu 
ammonis. 

CUISSE,  Tbi<rh,  Crus — c.  Postericure  du  ccr- 
velet,  Corpus  restiforme. 

CUISSON,  (F.)     A  smarting,  burning  pain. 

CUIVRE,  Cuprum — c.  ct  Ammoniaque  sul- 
fate de,  Cuprum  ammoniatum — c  Limailles  de, 
see  Cuprum — c.  Sous- acetate  de,  Cupri  snb- 
acetas — r.  Sulfate  de,  Cupri  sulphas. 

CUIVREUX,(F.) '  Copper-coloured.  (F.)  Teint 
cuivre.ux;  a  copper-coloured  complexion,  such 
as  is  observed  in  cancerous  affections.  Syphi- 
litic ulcers  of  the  throat,  &c.  are  often  copper- 
coloured. 

CU.IETE.  Crescentia  cujete. 

CULBIC'IO.  A  Latin  word,  employed  by 
old  writers,  as  sj-nonymous  with  ardor  urinte 
and  gonorrhoea. 

CULBUTE,  (F.)  'a tumble  bead-over-hecls.' 
A  movement,  which  the  fectus  has  been  sup- 
posed to  execute  at  the  end  of  the  7th  month 
of  utero  gestation;  and  by  means  of  which,  it 
was  presumed,  the  head  presented  towards  the 
orifice  of  the  uterus:  a  chance  of  situation, 
which  is  impracticable  in  ordinary  circum- 
stances. 

CU'LEUS,  a  measure  containing  20  barrels, 
or  40  urns,  equal  to  ItiO  gallons. — Pliny,  Gor- 
rceus. 

CULEX,  (F.)  Cousin.  A  genus  of  insects, 
unhappily  too  well  known  in  almost  every  pnrt 
of  the  world,  on  account  of  their  bites,  winch 
give  rise  to  painful,  local  inflammation.  The 
gnats  and  mas  qui  tnes  belong  to  this  <renus. 

CUUI  FLOS,  Cardamine  pratensis. 

CULILAWAN.  see  Laurus  culilawan. 

CU'LINARY  ART,  from  culina.  '  a  kitchen.' 
Cookery.  Res  culina'ria.  Ilea  coqua'ria,  Ars  culi- 
nu'ria,  A.  coquina'riu,  Maaeirice.  The  art  of 
preparing  meats  for  the  table.  In  judo-in<r  of 
the  dietetic  properties  of  various  kinds  of  ali- 
ment, the  culinary  process  to  which  they  have 
j  been  subjected  will  always  have  to  be  consi- 


CULLITLAWAN 


219 


CUPPING 


dered.    Many  of  the  writers  on  the  culinary  art 
have  been  physicians. 

CULLITLAWAN,  see  Laurus  culilawan. 
CULTELLAIRE,  (F.)  from  Cvllcl'lus,  a  'lit- 
tle knife.'  he  ca.utere  cultdluire,  known  also 
under  the  name  Couteau  de  feu,  Fire-knife,  is 
used  for  what  the  French  term  the  Cautere 
iranscurrenl.e.  (See  Cauterization.)  It  is  shaped 
like  a  small  hatchet. 

CULTELLUS,  Culter,  Knife— c.  Anceps, 
Knife,  double-edged— c.  Uncus,  Knife,  crotchet. 
CULTER,  Cultel'lus,  from  cola,  cultum,  'I 
cultivate.'  A  coulter,  a  knife,  (q.  v)  scalpel, 
(q.  v.)  machae'ra,  machce'rion,  machcu'ris.  Also, 
the  third  lobe  of  the  liver,  so  called,  from  some 
fancied  resemblance. — Theophilus  Protospata- 
rius. 

Culter,  Curvus.  Knife,  crooked — c.  Falca- 
tus,  Knife,  crooked — c.  Lenticularis,  Knife, 
lenticular — c.  Rectus,  Knife,  amputation — c. 
Tonsorius,  Razor. 

CULTRIV'OROUS,  Cultriv'orus,  from  culter, 
'  a  knife,'  and  vorare,  '  to  devour.'     Individuals, 
who  have  seemed  to  swallow  knives  with  im- 
punity, have  been  so  called; — Knife-eaters. 
CU'LUS,  Anus. 

CULVERT  ROOT,  Leptandria  purpurea. 
CUMAMUS,  Piper  cubeba. 
CUMLY,  Curninum    cyminum— c  des  Pies, 
Carum. 

CUMI'NUM  CYMI'NUM.  The  systematic 
name  of  the  Cummin  plant.  Cumi'num,  Car- 
nuba' (Hum.  Family,  Umbellifera?.  Sex.  Syst. 
Pentandria  Digynia.  (F.)  Cumin,  Jlnis  aigre. 
The  seeds  of  cummin,  which  is  a  native  of 
Egypt,  have  a  warm,  bitterish,  disagreeable 
taste.  Water  extracts  their  odour,  and  spirit 
takes  up  both  odour  and  taste.  They  are  not 
used,  except  in  a  plaster,  which  bears  their 
name.  When  drunk  in  wine,  the  ancients  be- 
lieved they  produced  paleness;  hence,  Horace 
called  cummin  exsangul;  and  Juvenal,  pallens. 
— Dioscoi  ides,  Pliny. 

Ci'minum  Nigrum,  Nigella  —  c.  Pratense, 
Carum. 

CUMMIN,  Curninum  cyminum. 
CU'MULUS,  '  a  heap   or   pile.'     A  rounded 
prominence,  in   the  centre  of  the   proligerous 
disk,  in  which  there   is  a  small   opake  cavity, 
that  contains  the  ovum. 

CUNEA'LIS  SUTU'RA.  The  suture  formed 
between  the  great  and  little  alas  of  the  sphenoid 
hone  and  the  os  frontis. — Blasius. 

CUA'EEJV  (F.)  Canea'nus.  Relating  to  the 
cuneiform  bones. 

Articulations  Cunetnnes ; — the  joints  between 
the  cuneiform  bones,  as  well  as  between  them 
and  other  parts. 

Ligaments  Cuneann.es;  the  ligaments  which 
hold  the  cuneiform  bones  together. 

CU'NEIFORM,  Cuneifor'mis,  Sphenoides, 
from  etmeus,  '  a  wedge,'  and  forma,  '  shape.' 
Wedge-shaped.  This  name  has  been  given  to 
several  bones.  1.  To  the  sphenoid.  2.  To  a 
bone  of  the  carpus,  situate  between  the  os  lu- 
nare  and  os  orbiculare.  It  is,  also,  called  Os 
Pyramid"' It,  Os  Triq'uetrvm,  and  Os  Cubita'le. 
3.  To  the  basilary  process  of  the  occipital  bone  : 
and  4.  To  three  of  the  bones  of  the  tarsus, 
which  are  distinguished. according  to  situation, 
reckoning  from  within  outwards,  into  first, 
second,  and  third. — or  internal,  middle,  and  ex- 
ternal; and  according  to  size,  reckoning  in  the 


same  order,  into  great,  small,  and  middle  sized. 
The  posterior  surface  of  these  bones  is  united 
to  the  anterior  face  of  the  sea phoides;  the  ante- 
rior surface  with  the  corresponding  metatarsal 
bones;  and,  in  addition,  the  external  surface 
of  the  third  is  articulated,  behind,  with  the 
cuboides.  They  are  also  called  Chalchoidea  or 
Calcdidca  ossidula. 

CUNEO-CUBOID,  Cuneo -cuboid cus.  Be- 
longing  to  the  cuneiform  bones  and  cuboides. 

Cuneo-Cuboid  Articola'tion,  is  formed 
by  the  third  cuneiform  bone  and  cuboides. 
It  is  furnished  with  a  synovial  capsule,  and 
two  cuneo-cuboid  ligaments: — a  dorsal  and  a 
plantar. 

CUNEO-SCAPHOID,  Cuneo-scaphoidcus. 
Belonging  to  the  cuneiform  bones  and  sca- 
phoid. 

Cuneo-Scaphoid  Articula'tion.  is  formed 
by  the  posterior  surfaces  of  the  three  ossa  cu- 
neiformia,  and  the  anterior  surface  of  the  sca- 
phoid. It  is  furnished  with  a  synovial  capsule 
and  ligaments,  some  of  which  are  dorsal,  others 
plantar. 

CUNILA,  Satureia  capitata — c.  Bubula,  Ori- 
ganum. 

Cuni'la  Maria'na,  Satureia  organdides,  Ca- 
lamin'tka  ertc'ta  Virginia'na,  Ditt'any,  American 
Dittany,  Mountain  Dittany,  Mint-leaved  Cu- 
nila,  Maryland  Cunila,  Stone  mint,  Wild  Basil, 
Sweet  Horsemint,  (F.)  Cunile  d  .Imerique.  A 
small  indigenous  herb,  growing  on  dry  shady 
li i lis,  from  New  England  to  Georgia,  and 
flowering  in  June  and  July.  Its  medical  pro- 
perties are  dependent  upon  essential  oil,  like 
the  mints. 

Cunila,Maryi. and, Cunila  Mariana — c. Mint- 
leaved,  C.  Mariana — c.  Muscula,  Inula  dysen- 
terica — a.  Pulegioides,  Hedeoma  polegioides — 
c.  Sativa,  Satureia  hortensis 

CUMLAGO,  Inula  dysenterica. 

CUMLE  D'AMERIQUE,  Cunila  mariana. 

OUNNUS,  Vulva. 

CUP,  Scutel'la,  Catillus,  Patella,  Excip'ula. 
(F  )  Palette,  Poelette,  Pvilette,  Vase  a  saigner. 
A  small  vessel  of  a  determinate  size,  for  re- 
ceiving the  blood  during  venesection.  It  gene- 
rally contains  about  four  ounces.  A  bleedinjr 
of  two  cups  is,  consequently,  one  of  eight 
ounces. 

CUPIDO,  Appetite. 

CUPOLA,  see  Infundibulum  of  the  cochlea. 

CUPPING.  (F.)  Coupet;  '  to  cut;'  or  to  draw 
blood  in  vessels  resembling  cups,  Applica'tio 
cucurbita'rum  seu  cucurbi  tula' rum,  Cvcurbita'lio. 
A  species  of  blood-letting,  performed  by  a 
scarificator  and  glass  called  a  cupping-<rlass ; 
Cucurbit' a  la,  Cucurb'ita,  <ruiva,  Sicua,  (F.)  Ven- 
toitse.  The  lancets  are  placed  in  such  a  man- 
ner in  the  scarificator,  that,  when  it  is  applied 
upon  the  affected  part,  the  whole  are, by  means 
of  a  spring,  pushed  suddenly  into  it.  After 
scarification,  the  cupping-glass,  which  has  been 
previously  exhausted  by  heat,  or  by  an  exhaust- 
ing syringe,  is  applied.  The  pressure  of  the 
air  within  the  glass  being  thus  diminished,  the 
necessary  quantity  of  blood  maybe  drawn.  See 
Bdellomeler.  Dry  cupping,  Cucurbit' ulx  siccse, 
is  the  application  of  the  glasses,  without  pre- 
vious scarification,  (F.)  Ventouses  seches.  It  is 
used  to  prevent  the  activity  of  absorption  from 
any  wounded  part;  occasionally,  to  excite  sup- 
puration in  indolent  abscesses;  and  to  remove 


CUPRESSUS  SEMPERVIRENS 


220 


CURCUMA  LONG  A 


the  pus  when  an  abscess  is  opened.  Cupping, 
taken  without  any  epithet,  means  the  abstrac- 
tion of  blood  by  means  of  the  scarificator  and 
cups : — (F.)  Ventouses searifiees, (L.)  CucurbitulsB 
cruentse,  C.  cum.  Ferro.  The  verb  •  to  cup.'  sig- 
nifies to  draw  blood  by  cupping. 

CUPRES'SUS  SEMPERVI'RENS.  The  sys- 
tematic name  of  the  Cupres'sus,  Cyparis'svs, 
Cypress,  (F.)  Cypres.  The  berries,  leaves,  and 
wood,  have  been  considered  astringent  and 
useful  in  intermittents.  The  whole  plant 
abounds  with  a  bitter,  aromatic,  and  terebin- 
thinate  fluid. 

CUPRI  ET  AMMONLE  SULPHAS,Cuprum 
ammoniatum — c.  Diacetas,  C.  Subacetas. 

Cupri  Limatu'ra,  Filings  of  Copper,  (F.) 
Limailles  de  Cvivre,  have  been  used  in  hydro- 
phobia. It  has  been  remarked,  under  Cuprum, 
that  they  are  inert. 

CuPKt  Rubigo,  Cupri  subacetas. 

Cupri  Subace'tas,  C.  Diace'tas,  JEru'go, 
Ver'digris,  Hispan'icum  vir'ide,  Prasi'num  vi- 
ride,  Cupri  Rubi'go,  Crystals  of  Venus,  Vir'ide 
JE'ris,  JEruca,  Calcilhos,  Subacctate  of  Copper, 
(F.)  Sous-acetate  de  Cuivre,  Verl-de-gris,  Crys- 
taux  de  Venus,  Verdet.  Impure  subacetate  of 
copper.  This,  as  usually  met  with,  is  in  masses, 
difficult  to  break;  not  deliquescent;  foliaceous; 
of  a  fine  bluish-green  colour,  and  salt  taste.  It 
is  tonic,  emetic,  escharolic,  and  detergent;  but 
scarcely  ever  employed  internally.  Chiefly 
used  in  detergent  ointments.  Dose,  as  a  tonic, 
under  ^gr.:  emetic,  from  gr.  j  to  gr.  ij.  Pow- 
dered verdigris  appears  to  be  the  active  ingre- 
dient in  Smel/ome's  Eye-Salve,  which  may  be 
imitated  by  rubbing  half  a  drachm  of  finely 
powdered  verdigris  with  a  little  oil,  and  then 
mixing  it  with  an  ounce  of  yellow  basilicon. 

An  ointment  composed  of  one  drachm  of 
finely  powdered  verdigris,  with  an  ounce  of 
lard  or  spermaceti  ointment,  is  used  in  psoria- 
sis, tetter,  &c. 

Cupri  Sulphas,  Vitriolum  Cupri,  Vitriolum 
Ven'eris,  V.  Cyp'rium,  V.  Cyprinum,  V.  Cse.ru! ■ 
hum,  V.  Roma'num,  Cuprum  Vitriola'tum,  La- 
pis Cir.ru'tcus,  Sulphate  of  Copper,  Blue  Stone, 
Blue  Vitriol,  Roman  Vitriol,  Mortooth,  (F.)  Sul- 
fate de  Cuivre,  is  in  rhomboidal,rich  blue,  semi- 
transparent,  efflorescing  crystals.  The  taste  is 
harsh,  styptic,  and  corrosive.  It  is  soluble  in 
four  parts  of  water  at  60°,  and  is  tonic,  emetic, 
astringent,  and  escharotic.  As  a  tonic,  it  has 
been  used  in  epilepsy, intermittents,  &c.  Dose 
as  a  tonic,  gr.  \  to  gr.  ij.  in  pill;  as  an  emetic, 
gr.  ij  to  x  in  water.  A  very  weak  solution  is 
sometimes  used  in  ophthalmia  and  in  gleet;  and 
it  forms  the  basis  of  Bates's  Aqua  camplwra'tu, 
which  has  been  recommended  in  the  purulent 
ophthalmia  of  children,  diluted  with  sixteen 
parts  of  water. 

Cupri  Sulphas  Ammoniacalts,  Cuprum  am- 
rnoniatum— c.  Vitriolum,  Cupri  sulphas. 

CUPRUM,  Chalros^fEs,  Venus  of  the  Alchy- 
mists:  Copper,  Cyp'rium,  (F.)  Cuivre.  Jts  odour 
is  peculiar  and  sensible  when  rubbed  ;  taste  dis- 
agreeable and  metallic  ;  colour  red-yellow.  S. 
G.  7.87:  ductile:  very  malleable:  less  hard  than 
iron:  easily  oxidized.  In  its  metallic  state,  it 
exerts  no  action  on  the  system.  When  swal- 
lowed, it  undergoes  no  deleterious  change. 
Copper  cannot  be  dissolved  whilst  tin  is  in  the 
mixture,  and  hence  the  utility  of  tinning  cop- 


per vessels.  Copper  culinary  vessels  are  harm- 
less under  ordinary  cleanliness,  provided  the 
substances  be  not  suffered  to  remain  in  them 
till  cold.  The  salts  of  copper  are  very  delete- 
rious. 

Cuprum  Ammonia'tum,  C.  Jlmmoniaea'le',  C. 
Ammoni'acum,  C.AmmonVaco-sulphu'ricum,  Am- 
monia'led  Copper,  Jimmoniacal Sulphate  of  Cop- 
per, Amnioniurc'tum  Cupri.  Sal  anti-epilep' ticus 
of  Weisst.ian,  Sulfas  Cupri  ammoniaca'lis,  S. 
ummoni'acse.  citpra'tus,  Sub-su/fas  Jimmo'  ium-cu!  ■ 
pricus,  Sulfas  Cupri  el  Jimmo'nim,  Druto- Sulfas 
Cupri  et  Jimmo'nise,  (F.)  Sulfate  de  cuivre  el 
d'ammoniaque.  {Cupri  Sulph.  ^ss;  Jimmon. 
Curb.  Zvj.  Rub  in  a  glass  mortar  till  efferves- 
cence'ceases.  Wrap  the  ammoniated  copper 
in  bibulous  paper,  and  dry  with  a  gentle  heat. 
Keep  in  a  well-stopped  glass  bottle. — Ph.  U.  S.) 
A  crystalline  powder  of  a  rich  violet  colour, 
and  hot,  styptic  taste.  By  exposure  to  air,  it 
becomes  partly  converted  into  carbonate  of 
copper.  It  is  tonic  and  astringent,  and  has 
been  chiefly  employed  in  epilepsy,  and  other 
obstinate  spasmodic  diseases.  Dose,  gr.  |  gra- 
dually increased  to  gr.  iv,  in  pill. 

(lupnuM  Vitriolatum,  Cupri  sulphas. 

CU  P U L  A  R,  Cupula'ris,  (F.)  Cupulaire ;  from 
cupula,  'a  small  cup.'  Of  or  belonging  to  a 
cupula. 

Cufular  Cautery,  Cauterc  cupulqire,  is  an 
iron  in  the  shape  of  a  cupula,  formerly  used  to 
cauterize  the  skin  of  the  cranium  in  certain 
diseases,  as  epilepsy,  chronic  headache,  &c. 

CURA,  CURATIO.  Attention  to,  or  treat- 
ment or  cure  of,  a  disease.  R.  Keuchen  de- 
fines Cura,  'medicine,'  and  Curator,  '  the  phy- 
sician.' Curatio,  also,  sometimes  means  puri- 
fication; as,  Jideps  suilla  curata.  —  Scribonius 
Largus. 

Cuua  Avena'cea.  A  decoction  of  oats  and 
succory  roots,  in  which  a  little  nitre  and  sugar 
are  dissolved.     Used  as  a  refrigerant. 

Cura  Medea.na,  Transfusion. 

CU'RAHLE,  Sanab'alis,  Acestos,  lasimos,  (F.) 
Guerissabk.  That  which  is  susceptible  of  cure. 
An  epithet  applied  to  both  patients  and  dis- 
eases. 

CURARE.  A  very  energetic,  vegetable  poi- 
son, employed  by  the  South  American  Indians 
to  poison  their  arrows.  It  is  obtained  from  the 
bark  of  a  species  of  convolvulus,  called  Vejuco 
de  Mavacure. 

CURATIOK,  (F.)  Cura'tio,Mcde'Ia,Snna'tio, 
Jlc.'esis,  Altliex'is,  Jilthax'is,  Therupei'a,  lasis,  &c. 
The  aggregate  of  means  employed  for  the  cure 
of  a  disease.     See  Therapeutics. 

CU'RATIVE,  San'ative.  Relating  to  the 
cure  of  a  disease.  Curative  Indications  are 
those  which  point  out  the  treatment  to  be  em- 
ployed. Curative  Treatment,  that  employed  in 
the  cure  of  the  disease,  in  opposition  to  preser- 
vative or  prophylactic  treatment.  We  say,  also, 
Curative  Process,  Curative  Means,  &c. 

CURATOR  INFIRMORUM,  Infirmier. 

CUR'CUMA  LOJNGA,  Cui'cuma,  Borri, 
Bor'riborri,  Cober'ri,  (Hindusthan.)  Crocus  In'- 
dicus,  Terra  Merita,  Cannae' or  us  radi'c?  croc.eo, 
Family,  Amome;r.  Sex.  Syst.  Monandria  Mo- 
nogynia.  May  el' la,  Kuu  Kaha,  Ci/pe'rns  In'di- 
cus,x.vntifog  Ivdmog,  of  Dioscorides  (?)  Turmeric, 
(F.)  Racine  de  Safran,  Safran.  des  Indes,  Souchet 
des  hides.    Turmeric  root— the  rhizoma  of  cur- 


CURCUMA  ZEDOARIA 


221  CUTANEUS  OR  CUTANEAL  NERVES 


cuma  longa — is  brought  from  the  East  Indies; 
but   is   possessed  of  very  little,  if  any,  medici- 
acy.     It  is  one  of  the  ingredients  in  the 
Curry  Powder. 

Curcuma  Zeuoaria,  see  Kasmpferia  rotunda 
— c  Ze-rumbet,  see  Ksmpferia  rotunda. 

CURDS,  Curds  of  Milk,  (F  )  Caillebotte,  Lait 
cai/lc.     Milk  decomposed  by  some  agent. 

CURF;  from  cura,  'care.'  Cur u' do  fclix, 
Sana'tio,  Saa'ilas,  (F.)  Guerison.  A  restoration 
to  health;  also,  a  remedy.     A  restorative. 

CURE-ALL,  Geuin  Virginianum. 

CUllEDE.YT,  Dentiscalpiuni. 

CURE  DU  IUISLV,  Or  ape- cure. 

CUilE-L.LYGUE,  (F.)  Linguse  scal'pium.  A 
Tongue-scraper.  An  instrument  of  ivory,  tor- 
toise-shell, &c,  shaped  like  a  knife  or  rasp,  for 
removing  the  mucous  coating  which  covers  the 
tongue  alter  sleep,  itc. 

CURE  OREILLE, Ear-pick. 

CURETTE,  Scoop. 

CURMI,  Courmi. 

CURRANT,  BLACK,  Ribes  nigrum— c.  Red, 
Ribes  rubrum 

CURRANTS,  see  Vitis  Corinthiaca. 

CURRY  or  CURRIK  POWDER  A  condi- 
ment, formed  of  various  spices;  and  eaten  with 
rice,  particularly  in  India.  The  following  is 
one  of  the  forms  of  its  preparation.  Sent,  co- 
riand.  §xviii,  pip.  nigr.  Sij,  cayen.  5J.  rod.  cur- 
cuma:, scm.  cuntini,  aa  giij,  sem.Joe.nvgr.  giv: 
mix. 

CURSUMA  HEMORRHOIDALS  HERBA, 
Ranunculus  ficaria. 

CURSUS,  Running — c.  Matricis,  Leucor- 
rhcea. 

CURVAMEN,  Curvature. 

CURVATEL'R  I)U  COCCYX,  Curvator 
Coccya'is. 

CURVATIO,  Campsis. 

CURVA'TORCOCCY'GIS,  (F.)  Curvuleur 
du  Coccyx.  Soinmering  gives  this  name  to  a 
small  bundle  of  fleshy  fibres,  which  descends 
on  the  middle  of  the  coccyx,  uniting  on  each 
side  with  the  ischio-coccygei  muscles.  It  is  a 
part  of  those  muscles. 

CUR'  V  A  T  U  R  E,  Curmlv'ra,  Curva'men, 
from  curvus,  'crooked,'  Cyrto'ma,{F.)  Courbure. 
The  condition  of  a  line  or  surface,  which  ap- 
proximates more  or  less  to  the  form  of  an  arc  ; 
as  the  cuivatuies  of  the  spine,  duodenum,  sto- 
mach, A:  c.  Accidental  curvatures  of  bones  are 
the  effect  of  rickets,  or  MoUities  ossium.  The 
Greeks  called  the  curvature  of  the  spine,  'vfiog, 
moll  5,  or  IcQSog,  according  as  the  deviation 
was  backwards,  laterally,  or  forwards. 

CURVED  LINES,  (F.)  Courbes  Lignes.  Two 
crooked   lines   or   projections  on  the   posterior 
surface  of  the  occipital  bone.     They  are  distin- 
guished into  superior  and  inferior.     Some  lines 
.  on  the  (i-  innominatum  are  also  so  called. 
VI.MF.R.  Cucumis  sativus. 

CUSCU'TA  EFITH'YMUM.  The  syste- 
matic name  of  tiie  Dodder  of  Thyme.  Ep- 
ilk'ymum  Cuscu'ta.  A  parasitical  plant,  pos- 
I  <.f  a  strong,  disagreeable  smell;  and  a 
pungent  taste,  very  durable  in  the  mouth.  It 
was  once  used  as  a  cathartic  in  melancholia. 

Cuscu'ta  Europe'a,  was  conceived  to  pos- 
sess similar  properties. 

SPA'RIA    FEBRIF'UGA, 
trifolifi'la,  Angustura,  Galipa'a  febrifugu.     Ol- 
der, Rutacea'.    The  South  American  tree,  which 


furnishes  the  Cuspa'ria  or  Angustu'ra  Bark, 
(F.)  Angusturc  vraie,  Quinquina  faux  de  Vir- 
ginic.  According  to  Hancock,  however,  the 
Angustura  bark  is  derived  from  the  Galipafa 
officinalis,  Sex.  Syst.  Decandria  Monogynia,  Nat. 
Ord.  Diosmeae;  and  this  view  has  been  adopted 
in  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States.  Its 
odour  is  peculiar;  taste  intensely  bitter,  and 
slightly  aromatic;  pieces  thin;  externally,  gray 
and  wrinkled;  internally,  yellowish  fawn;  frac- 
ture, short  and  resinous.  It  yields  its  virtues 
to  water  and  proof  spirit.  It  is  tonic,  stimulant, 
and  aromatic.  Dose,  gr.  v.  to  xx  or  more  in 
powder. 

CUSPIS.  A  spear.  This  name  has  been 
given  to  the  glans  penis,  (q.  v.) — Rolrink.  It 
meant,  also,  a  kind  of  bandage. 

CUSTODIA  VIRG1N1TAT1S,  Hymen. 

GUSTOS,  Vulva. 

CUT,  from  (F.)  coutf.au,  'a  knife,'  or*  from 
West  Gothic  kola,  'to  cut;'  or  from  zo.ttw,  'I 
cut."  Ccesu'ra,  Tome~,  Incis'io,  Vulnus  simplex, 
Tresis  vulnus  simplex,  Cope,  (F.)  Coupure.  A 
common  expression  for  the  division  or  solution 
of  continuity,  made  by  a  sharp  instrument. 

CUTAM'BULUS,  from  cutis,  'skin,'  and 
ambulo,  '1  walk.'  Walking  in  the  skin.  An 
epithet  given  to  certain  parasitical  animals, 
which  creep  under  the  skin;  such  as  the  Gui- 
nea-worm; and  to  certain  pains  felt  between 
the  skin  and  flesh,  as  it  were. 

CUTANEO-SOURCILIER,  Corrugator  su- 
percilii. 

CUTA'NEOUS,  Cutu'neus,  from  cutis,  <  the 
skin.'      Belonging  to  the  skin. 

Cutaneous  Diseases,  Eruptions,  Epiphy'- 
mata,  are  the  numerous  affections  of  a  morbid 
character,  to  which  the  skin  is  liable. 

Cutaneous  Exhalation  and  Absorption, 
are  those  which  lake  place  from  the  skin. 

Cutaneous  or  Cutaneal  Nerves,  so  called, 
are  two  in  number,  and  belong  to  the  upper 
extremity.  They  are  given  off  from  the  bra- 
chial plexus.  The  internal  cutaneous,  Cubito- 
cutane,  (Ch.,)  descends  along  the  inner  part  of 
the  arm,  and  divides,  above  the  elbow,  into  two 
branches;  the  outermost  of  which  follows  the 
outer  edge  of  the  biceps,  and  spreads  over  the 
anterior  and  inner  part  of  the  forearm;  and  the 
innermost  accompanies  the  basilic  vein;  pass- 
ing to  the  corresponding  side  of  the  hand  and 
little  finffer.  The  external  cutaneous,  Radio- 
cutane,  (Ch.,)  Mus'culo-Cvtaneus,  Per'forans 
Casse'rii,  passes  outwards,  perforates  the  co- 
raco-brachialis;  descends  along  the  anterior 
and  outer  part  of  the  arm;  passes  as  far  as  the 
middle  of  the  fold  of  the  elbow,  under  the  me- 
dian cephalic;  and  descends  along  the  anterior 
and  outer  edge  of  the  forearm.  At  some  dis- 
tance above  the  wrist,  it  divides  into  two 
branches;  an  outer,  which  is  distributed  on  the 
back  of  the  hand,  the  thumb  and  index  finger; 
and  an  inner,  which  descends  on  the  muscles 
of  the  thumb,  into  the  palm  of  the  hand,  and 
divides  into  fine  filaments,  which  may  be  traced 
to  the  fingers. 

Nervus  Cutaneus  Mineir,  of  Wrisberg,  also 
takes  its  origin  from  the  axillary  plexus,  but  is 
more  particularly  connected  with  the  ulnar 
nerve.  It  soon  separates  from  the  ulnar,  run- 
ning afterwards  between  it  and  the  inn 
of  the  arm.     A  little  below  the  axilla  it  divides 


CUTCH 


222 


CYDONIATUM 


into  two  branches,  which  are  distributed  to  the 
arm. 

Chaussier  calls  the  cephalic  and  basilic  veins 
the  Radial  and  Cubital  Cutaneous. 

CUTCH,  Catechu. 

CUTI,  Catechu. 

CUTICULA,  Epidermis. 

CUTIO,  Oniscus. 

CUTIS,  Fell  is.  Co'rium,  Derma,  Deris,  An- 
thio'pe,  Anthro'pen,  Skin,  (F.)  Peau.  A  dense, 
resisting  membrane,  of  a  flexible  and  exten- 
sible nature,  which  forms  the  general  envelope 
of  the  body;  and  is  continuous  with  the  mu- 
cous membranes,  through  the  different  natural 
apertures.  It  is  generally  considered  to  be 
formed  of  three  distinct  layers — the  epidermis, 
rate  or  more  properly  corpus  mvcosum,  and 
corium.  Some  anatomists,  however,  separate 
it  into  several  others.  Its  outer  surface  is  co- 
vered by  a  number  of  small  eminences,  called 
papilla;,  which  are  generally  regarded  as  emi- 
nently nervous  and  vascular.  The  skin  is  our 
medium  of  communication  with  external  bo- 
dies. It  protects  the  subjacent  parts;  is  the  seat 
of  touch,  and,  through  it,  are  exhaled  the  wa- 
tery parts  of  the  blood,  which  are  not  needed 
in  the  nutrition  of  the  body.  The  state  of  the 
skin,  as  regards  heat  and  dryness,  affords  us 
useful  information  in  our  pathological  investi- 
gations. Its  colour,  too,  requires  attention:  the 
paleness  of  disease  is  as  characteristic  as  the 
rosy  complexion  of  health.  The  colour  of  the 
skin  varies  according  to  the  age,  sex,  &c.  As 
a  general  principle,  it  is  finer  in  the  female  and 
child  than  in  the  male  and  adult.  In  old  age 
it  becomes  light-coloured,  thin,  and  dry.  It 
likewise  varies  according  to  the  races,  &c. 

Cons  Anserina,  Horrida  cutis — c.  Carnosa, 
Carnosus  panniculus — c.  Extima,  Epidermis — 
c.  Lingua?,  see  Tongue — c.  Suilla,  Couenne — 
c.  Summa,  Epidermis — c.  Ultima,  Epidermis. 

CUT1TIS,  Erysipelatous  inflammation. 
i    CUTTING  ON  TH  E  GRIPE,  see  Lithotomy. 

CUTTLE  FISH,  Sepia. 

CUTTUBUTH.  The  Arabian  physicians 
have  given  this  name  to  a  species  of  melan- 
choly, accompanied  with  so  much  agitation, 
that  the  patients  cannot  remain  tranquil  for  the 
space  of  an  hour. 

CUURDO  CANELLA,  Laurus  cinnamo- 
mum. 

CYANODERMIA,  Cyanopathy. 

CYANOP'ATHY,  Cyanopathi'a,  Cudno'sis, 
C.  cardi'aca,  Cyanoder'mia,  Acleitro-cardia,  (Pi- 
orry)  Hamat6-cya.no' sis,  Kyano'sis,  Morbus  cseru'- 
leus,  Cserulo'sis  neonato'rum,  from  xvarog,  '  blue,' 
and  nadog,  'affection,'  (F.)  Cyanose,  Maladie 
bleuc,  Ictere  bleu.  A  disease,  in  which  the  whole 
of  the  surface  of  the  body  is  coloured  blue.  It 
is  often  symptomatic,  and  commonly  depends 
on  a  direct  communication  between  the  cavities 
of  the  right  and  left  side  of  the  heart.  Such 
communication  does  not,  however, always  occa- 
sion the  blue  disease,  but  it  is  generally  thought 
that  the  disease  never  exists  without  this  state 
of  parts;  or  without  some  obstacle  to  the  circu- 
lation in  the  right  side  of  the  heart.  The  bltie- 
ness  does  not  seem  to  be  owing  to  the  admix- 
ture of  black  and  red  blood.  A  child  affected 
with  blueness  is  said  to  be  cyanosed,  (F.)  Cya- 
nose. 

CYAJVOSE,  Cyanosis. 

CYAKOSK,  Cyanosis. 


CYANOSIS,  Cvanopathv. 

C YANURETUM  FERRO-ZINCICUM,  Zimri 
Ferro-hydrocyanas. 

CYANUS,"  Centaurea  cyanus — c.  ,/Egyp.tia- 
cus,  Nymphaea  nelumbo, 

Cy'a.vus  Seg"etum,  Bluebottle,  (F.J  Bluet  da 
Moissons,  Barbeau,  Aubifoin,  Casse-Lvnettes, 
The  flowers  of  this  European  plant,  when  dis- 
tilled with  water,  have  been  used  in  ophthalmia. 

CYAR,  xvag.  'The  eye  of  a  needle,'  'a 
small  hole.'  The  Meatus  audita' riut  intcrnus. 
See  Auditory  canal,  (internal.) 

CYATHiS'CUS,  diminutive  of  xvudog,  'a 
bowl.'  The  concave  part  of  a  sound,  made  like 
a  small  spoon,  as  in  the  case  of  the  ear-pick. 

CY'ATHUS,  'a  bowl.'  A  measure,  both  of 
the  liquid  and  dry  kind, equal  to  about  an  ounce 
and  a  half,  or  to  the  J Oth  part  of  a  pint.  Ac- 
cording to  Pliny  and  Galen,  about  10  drachms. 

Cyathvs  Cerebri,  Infundibulum  of  the 
brain. 

CYBE,  Head. 

CYB1TON.  Cubitus. 

CYBOIDES,  Cuboid. 

CYC'EON,  from  y.v/.am,  (I  mix  together.' 
The  ancient  name  of  a  medicine  of  the  consist- 
ence of  pap,  composed  of  wine,  water,  honey, 
flour,  barley  meal,  and  cheese. — Hippocr. 

CYCLAMEN  EUROPIUM,  Arthani'ta, 
(q.  v.)  .9,  cyclamen,  Cydaminus,  Cyssan'themon, 
Cyssophyl'lon,  Panis  porci'nus,  Cas'amum,  Chy-- 
li'ne,  'sow-bread.'  Fain.  Primulacea>.  Sex.Syst. 
Pentandria  Monogynia.  (F.)  Paindu  Pourceau. 
The  fresh  root  is  said  to  be  acrid,  bitter,  drastic, 
and  anthelmintic.  Dose,  ^j.  For  external  use, 
see  Arthanita. 

CYCLE,  Cyclus,  from  xv/.log,  '  a  circle.'  A 
period  or  revolution  of  a  certain  number  of 
years.  The  Methodists  gave  this  name  to  an 
aggregate  of  curative  means,  continued  during 
a  certain  number  of  days.  Nine  was  the  usual 
number. 

CYCLIS'MOS.  A  track,  Trochis'cos,  (q.  v.) 
The  name,  as  well  as  Cyclis'ciis,  was  also  given 
to  a  circular  kind  of  rasp.  They  have  the  same 
etymon  as  cycle. 

CYCLOCE  PPT  ALUS,  from  xvxXog,'&  circle,' 
and  xtifa/.j/,  '  head.'  A  monster,  whose  eyes 
are  in  contact,  or  united  in  one. 

CYCLOPHOR'IA,  from  xvxlog,  'a  circle,' 
and  (pzQo),  '1  bear.'  The  circulation  (q.  v.)  of 
the  blood  or  other  fluids. 

CiCLO'PlA.  Same  etymon  as  Cyclops. 
State  of  a  monster  that  has  both  eyes  united 
into  one.  Called,  also,  Monopsia  and  Rhinence- 
jihalin. 

CYCLOPS,  xvxXasxp,  from  xvxXo?,  '  an  orb  or 
circle,"  and  n-y,  'an  eye.'  Monoc'v/us,  Monops, 
Monophthalmus,  Monom'matos,  Uhiodulus,  Unod- 
ulus.  A  monster  having  but  one  eye,  and  that 
placed  in  the  middle  of  the  forehead,  like  the 
fabulous  Cyclops. 

CYCLOTOME,  Cyclot'omus,  from  xvxlo?,'* 
circle,'  and  Tifirtiv,  'to  cut.'  An  instrument, 
composed  of  a  rin<r  of  gold  and  a  cutting  blade, 
by  means  of  which  the  ball  of  the  eye  can  be 
fixed,  whilst  the  cornea  is  cut.  It  was  invented 
by  a  surgeon  of  Bordeaux,  named  Guorin,  for 
extracting  the  cataract.     It  is  not  used. 

CYCLUS.  Circulus. 

CY  DONIA'TUM,  Cy dona1 turn, Dyacydoni'tes. 
A  composition  of  the  Cydonia  inula  or  quinces, 
with  the  addition  of  spices—  Faulus  of  iEi'ina. 


CYDONIUM  MALUM 


223 


CYNANCHE  TRACHEAL1S 


CYDONIUM  MALUM,  see  Pyrus  cydonia. 
CYE'MA,   xvr,fia,   from    xvin,   '  1   conceive.' 
Conception.    Likewise  the  product  of  concep- 
tion.    See  Embryo  and  Foetus. 

CYESIOL'OGY,  Cyesiolog"ia,  from  *uij<ti<?, 
'pregnancy,'  and  ioyog,  'a  description.'  The 
doctrine  of  gestation. 

CYESIS,  Conception,  Fecundation,  Preg- 
nancy. 

CYESTEINE_,  Kiesteine. 
CYLICH'NE,    Cylicli'nis.     A    pill-box   or 
earthenware  pot,  or  small  cup;  from  xvki!-,  'a 
cup.' — Galen,  Foesius. 

CY  LINDK1,  see  Villous  membranes— c.  Mem- 
branacei  renum,  see  Calix. 

CYL'INDROID,  Cylindroi'des,from  xvIiv8qo$, 
'cylinder,'  and  ttSoc,  'form.'  Having  the  form 
of  a  cylinder.  Chaussier  calls  the  Cornu  Am- 
m o n is , —  Proiubcrav ce  cylindro'ide. 
CYLLN  OROIDES,  feres. 
CYLLO'SIS,  xvUXvioig.  'Lameness,  mutila- 
tion, or  vicious  conformation.' — Hippocrates. 
Galen.     See  Kyllosis. 

CYMATO'DES,  Undo'sus,  from  y.viia,  'a 
wave,' and  itSoc,  'resemblance.'  The  vacilla- 
ting, undulatory  character  of  the  pulse  in  weak 
individuals. 

CYMBA,  Vulva. 
CYMBALARIS,  Cricoid. 
CYNAN'CHE,  Angi'na,  from  y.vmv,  'a  dog,' 
and  ayyv),  '  I  suffocate,'  (?)  Sore  Throat,  Para- 
Cynan'chB,  Paristk'mia,  Synan'chB,  Pruncl'la, 
Squinan'thia,  Empres'ma  Paristhmi'tis,  Cauma 
Paristhmi'tis,  Ist/tmi'tis,  Paristhmi'tis,  Inflam- 
ma'lio  Fau'cium,  'Dog  choak.'  Inflammation 
of  the  supradiaphragmatic  portion  of  the  ali- 
mentary canal,  and  of  the  lining  membrane  of 
the  upper  part  of  the  air-passages.  (F.)  Angine, 
Esquinancie,  Mai  de  Gorge,  Synancie,  Squinan- 
cic,  Kinancic.  It  comprises  the  following  chief 
varieties. 

Cynanche  EpiDF.MfCA,  Cynanche  maligna — 
c.  Fauciurn,  C.  tonsillaris — c.  Gangrenosa,  Cy- 
nanche maligna — c.  Laryngea,  Laryngitis. 

Cvnanche  Malig'na,  C.  gangrseno'sa,  Angi'- 
?m  ulcero'sa,  Febris  epidem'ica  cum  Angi'na, 
Empres'ma  Paristhmi'tis  Maligna,  Tonsilla'rum 
gangrw'  na,  CynanchB  epidem'ica,  C.  pur' pur  o- 
parolidma,  CynanchB  ulcero'sa,  Epidem'ica  gut- 
turis  lues,  Pes'lilens  fau'cium  ajfcc'tus,  Pxdan'- 
chone,  (?)  Gangree'na  Tonsilla'rum,  Ulcus  Syria- 
cinn,  Garrotillo,  Carbun'culus  angino'sus,  An- 
gina ulcusculo'sa,  A.  epidemica,  A.  gangrxno'sa. 
A.  malig'na,  Putrid,  Ulcerous  Sore  Throat, 
Gungrenous  Inflammation  of  the  Pharijnx.  (F.) 
Angine  gangreneuse,  A.  iUaligne.  It  is  charac- 
terized by  crimson  redness  of  the  mucous  mem- 
brane of  the  fauces  and  tonsils;  ulcerations, 
covered  with  mucus,  and  spreading  sloughs,  of 
an  ash  or  whitish  hue:  the  accompanying  fever 
typhus.  It  is  often  epidemic,  and  generally 
contagious;  and  is  frequently  found  accompa- 
nying scarlet  fever,  giving  rise  to  the  variety, 
Scarlatina  maligna. 

The  general  treatment  is  the  same  as  in  ty- 
phus; and  stimulant  antiseptic  gargles  must  be 
used,  consisting,  for  example,  of  the  decoction 
of  bark  and  muriatic  acid. 

Cynanche  Maxillaris,  c.  Parotidaea — c. 
CEsophagea,  Oesophagitis. 

Cvnanche  V a rotwx.' a, Empres'ma  Paroli'tis, 
Parotitis,  Perol'ia,Parotidi'tis,  Cynan'chB  Paroti- 


des, Angina  maxilla'ris,  Gissa,  Angina  exter- 
na, Angi'na  parolidx'a  exter'na,  P.  epidem'ica, 
P.  contagio'sa,  P.  spu'ria,  P.  sero'so  glu'tinB 
tu'mens,  Cynan'chB  maxilla'ris,  Ivflammaftio 
paro'lidum,  lnflu'lio  paro'tidum,  Catar'rhus 
Bellinsulu'nus,  Branhs  (Scotch,)  Mumps,  (F.) 
Inflammation  de  la  Parotide,  Oreillons,  Untie?. 
The  characteristic  symptoms  are: — a  painful 
tumour  of  the  parotid  gland,  or  of  the  cellular 
tissue  surrounding  it,  or  of  both,  not  of  the  sup- 
purative kind;  frequently  extending  to  the  max- 
illary gland.  It  is  very  conspicuous  externally, 
and  is  often  accompanied  with  swelling  of  the 
testes  in  the  male,  and  of  the  mammae  in  the  fe- 
male; the  testes  being  sometimes  absorbed  af- 
terwards. It  is  epidemic,  and  apparently  con- 
tagious. The  treatment  is  very  simple;  the 
adoption  merely  of  the  antiphlogistic  plan,  un- 
der which  it  usually  soon  disappears.  When 
inflammation  of  the  mammae  or  testes  super- 
venes, it  must  be  treated  as  if  idiopathic. 

Cynanche  Phauynge'a,  Empres'ma  Paris- 
thmi'tis Pharyngea,  Isthmi'tis,  Pliuryngi'tis,  In- 
flammatio  Pharyn'gis,  Parasynan'chB,  Anginx 
inflammatorise,  Sp.  iv. — (Boerhaave.)  (F.)  An- 
gine Pharyngie,  Catarrhe  pharyngicn.  Inflam- 
mation of  the  pharynx. 

This  disease  can  hardly  be  said  to  differ,  in 
pathology  or  treatment  from  the  Cynanche 
tonsillaris.  The  same  maybe  remarked  of  the 
Cynanche  OZsophage'a,  QHsnphagi'tis. 

Cynanche  Prunella,  C.  tonsillaris — c.  Pur- 
puroparotidaea,  Cynanche  maligna. 

Cynanche  Tonsillaris,  Emprcsma  Paris- 
thmi'tis Tonsil  la' lis,  Synanche,  CynanchB  fau'- 
cium, Amygdali! Lis,  Tonsilli'tis,  CynanchB  Pru- 
nel.'lu,  Dyspha'gia  inflammato'ria,  Antiadi'ti;, 
Angina  inflammato'ria,  A.  cum  tumo're,  A.  ton- 
sillaris, A.  synocha'lis,  A.  sanguin'ca,  A.  vera 
et  legit'ima,  Inflamma'lio  Tons  dial  rum,  An- 
tiadon'cus  inflammato'rivs,  Inflammatory  Sore 
Throat,  Common  Squinancy,  Squinsy  01  Quinsy, 
(F.)  Amygdalite,  Inflammation  des  Amygdalc<, 
Angine  lonsillaire,  Pharyngite  tonsillairc,  Es- 
quinancie, Squinumic,  Catarrhe  guttural,  Ansine 
gutturale  inflanimatoire.  The  characteristic 
symptoms  of  this  affection  are,  swelling  and 
florid  redness  of  the  mucous  membrane  of 
the  fauces,  and  especially  of  the  tonsils;  pain- 
ful and  impeded  deglutition,  accompanied  with 
inflammatory  fever.  It  is  generally  ascribed 
to  cold,  and  is  one  of  the  most  common  affec- 
tions of  cold  and  temperate  climates.  It  usu- 
ally goes  off  by  resolution,  but  frequently  ends 
in  suppuration. 

Common  sore  throat  is  an  affection  of  no  con- 
sequence. It  requires  merely  rest,  and  the  ob- 
servance of  the  antiphlogistic  regimen.  When 
more  violent — in  addition  to  this, — purgatives, 
inhalation  of  the  steam  of  warm  water;  acid,  or 
emollient  gargles;  rubefacients  externally,  or 
sinapisms  or  blisters.  When  suppuration  must 
inevitably  occur,  the  continued  use  of  the  in- 
haler must  be  advised,  and  an  opening  be  made 
into  the  abscess  as  soon  as  it  shall  have  formed. 
If  the  patient  be  likely  to  be  suffocated  by  the 
tumefaction,  bronchotomy  may  be  necessary. 

Cynanche  Stridula,  C.  trachealis. 

Cynanche  Trachea'lis;  the  Cynanche  la- 
rynge'a  of  some,  Svffoca'tio  strid'ula.  Angina 
vernicio'sa,  Asthma  In  fan' turn,  Cynanche  stridu- 
la, Catar'rhus  svjjbcati'vus  Barbaden' sis,  Angina 
polypo'sa  sive  mtmbrana'cea  sive  pulpo'sa,  Em- 


CYNANCHE  TUACHEALAS,  &c.         224 


CYPHOMA 


prof  ma  Bronchi'tis,  E.  Bronchlemmi'tis,  Angina 
inflammato'riu,  A.  svffitcato'ria,  A.  strepito'sa, 
Laryngi'tis  et  Tracheitis  infantilis,  Laryngos'' 
lusis  sen  Laryngo-trachei'tis,  Laryngo-tracheitis 
with  diph'tlierilic  exuda'tion,  A.  exsudato'ria.  Or- 
thopno/a  cynan'chicu,  Paedan'chonS,  (?)  .'?.  Tra- 
chelitis. Morbus  Strangulate/ rius,  Trachi'tis,  Tra- 
chei'tis,  Trachelitis,  Diplitheri'tis  trachea 
pectoral  tin  Solida,  Cauma  Bronchi'tis,  Angina 
cani.ua,  Croup,  Roup,  Hires,  Choak,  S 
Rising  of  the  tights.  (F.)  Angine  tar] 
tracheal,  Laryngite  avec  production  defausses 
membranes,  Laryngite  pseudo-membraneuse.  A 
disease  characterized  by  sonorous  and  suffo- 
cative breathing;  harsh  voice;  cough,  ringing 
or  like  the  barking  of  a  dog;  fever,  highly  in- 
flammatory. It  is  apt  to  be  speedily  attended 
with  the  formation  of  a  false  membrane,  which 
lines  the  trachea  beneath  the  gloltia,  and  occa- 
sions violent  dyspnoea  and  suffocation,  but  is 
sometimes  expectorated.  The  dyspnoea,  as  in 
all  other  affections  of  the  air-passages,  lias  evi- 
dent exacerbations.  It  differs  in  its  character 
in  different  situations;  being  infinitely  more 
inflammatory  in  some  places  than  in  others, 
and  hence  the  success  obtained  by  ditl'erent 
modes  of  treatment.  It  chiefly  affects  children, 
and  is  apt  to  recur,  but  the  subsequent  attacks 
are  usually  less  and  less  severe. 

As  a  general  principle,  it  requires  the  most 
active  treatment;  bleeding  from  the  arm  or 
neck,  so  as  to  induce  paleness;  leeches  applied 
to  the  neck,  &C,  according  to  the  age — the 
warm  bath,  blisters,  to  the  neck  or  chest,  and 
purgatives.  Formidable  as  the  disease  may  be, 
if  this  plan  be  followed  early,  it  will  generally 
be  successful.  Many  specifics  have  been  re- 
commended for  it,  but  the  search  has  been  idle 
and  fruitless  The  majority  of  cases  of  what 
are  called  croup  are  not  of  this  inflammatory 
cast;  but  are  more  of  a  spasmodic  character, 
and  have  been  termed  by  the  Fiench  faux 
croups,  and  with  us  are  occasionally  termed 
iodic  croup.  They  generally  yield  to  an 
emetic  and  the  warm  bath. 

Cvnanche  Trachealis  Spasmodic  a.  Asthma 
acutum,  A.  Thymicum — c.  Ulcerosa,  Cynanehe 
Maligna. 

CYNAN'CIIICA.  Medicines  used  in  cases 
of  quinsy  were  formerly  so  called. 

OYNAN'CHUM.  Same  etymon.  A  genus 
of  plants,  of  which  the  following  are  used  in 
medicine 

Cynanciicm  Monspeliacum,  Scam'mony  of 
Montpellier.  The  plant  furnishes  a  blackish 
kind  of  gum  resin,  which  is  purgative,  and  but 

little  used. 

Cynanchdm    Vincetoxicum,  Asclepias  vin- 

cetoxicum. 

Cvnahchum    Vomito'riom,    Ipecacuan'ha    of 

the.  Isle-  of  France.     As  its  name  imports,  this. 

plant  resembles  ipecacuanha  in  properties.    It  is 

emetic,  in  the  dose  of  from  12  to  24  grains  of 

the  powder 

CYNANTHEMIS,  Anthemis  cotula. 
CYNANTHROT1A,  from  xvmv,  'dog,'  and 

ar&povrog,  'a  man.'     A  variety  of  melancholia. 

in  which  the  patient  believes  himself  changed 

into  a  dog;  and  imitates  the  voice  and  habits  of 

that  animal. 
CYN'ARA  or  CUN'ARA  SCOI/YMUS.  The 

systematic   name  of  the  Ar'tichoke,  Alcoc'alum, 

Articoc'ulus,  Artiscoc'cus    Ixcis,  Coslus   nigra, 


Car' duns  Sati'vus  non  spino'sus,  Cinara  hortch'- 
sis,  Scohjmus  Sati'vus,  Cur'tluus  sati'vus,  Cnr'- 
duus  domesticus  r  a  pile,  majors,  Carduus  al'tilis, 
(F.)  Artichaut.  Fumi.li/,  Carduacea:.  Sex.  Syst. 
Syngenesia  Polygamia  aequalis.  Indigenous  in 
the  southern  parts  of  Europe;  much  used  as  an 
agreeable  article  of  diet  The  juiceof  the  leaves, 
mixed  with  white  wine,  has  been  given  in 
dropsies. 

CYN'ICUS,  from  y.uuv,  'a  dog.'     Cynic.    Re- 
lating to,  or  resembling,  a  dog.     Cynic 
is  a  convulsive  contraction  of  the  muscles  of 
one  side  of  the  face — dragging  the  eye,  cheek, 
mouth,  nose,  &c.  to  one  side.     See  Canine. 

CYNIPS  QUERCUS  FOLII,see  Quercus  in- 
fectoria. 

CYNOCOPRUS,  Album  gracum. 

CYNOCEAMBE,  Mercurialis  perennis. 

CYNOCTONON,  Aconituin. 
•   CYJXQUYTISUS,  Rosa  canina. 

CYiNODEC'TOS.  from  zvwr,  'a  dog,'  and 
SrjKio,  'I  bite.'  One  who  has  been  bitten  by  a 
dog. — Dioscorides. 

CY.NODENTES,  Canine  teeth. 

CYNOUESMION,  Fraenum  penis. 

CYiNOGLOS'SUM,  from  kvuiv,  'a  dog,'  and 
yXmaou,  'a  tongue.'  Cynoglos'sum  officina'll, 
Lingua  Can't' na,  Hound's  tongue,  Cabullution, 
(F.)  Langue  de  Chun.  Family,  Boragineae. 
Sex  Syst.  Pentaudria  Monogynia.  It  is  aroma- 
tic and  mucilaginous,  and  has  been  supposed 
to  be  possessed  of  narcotic  properties. 

CYNOLOPH01,  Spinous  processes  of  the 
vertebras. 

CYNOLYSSA,  Hydrophobia. 

CYlNOMOlA.  Plantago  psyllium. 

CYNOAIO'RIUMCOCCIiVEUM.fromv,^, 
'a  dog,'  and  uw/tor,  'the  penis.'  (F.)  Cham- 
pignon dt  Make.  Improperly  called  Fungus 
Meliten'sis  or  the  Fungus  of  Malta,  as  it  is  not 
a  fungus.  The  powder  has  been  given  as  an 
astringent  in  hemorrhage,  dysentery,  &c. 

CYNOREXIA.Boulimia. 

CYNORRHODOIW  Rosa  canina. 

CYiNOSBATOS,  Rosa  canina. 

CYNOSOUCIIIS,  Orchis  mascula. 

C  Y  N  O  S  P  A  ST  I  i  M ,  Rosa  can  i  n  a. 

CYON,  Kvc»t.  The  word  sometimes  signifies 
the  fraenum  of  the  prepuce;  at  others,  the  penis. 

CYOPHORI A,  Pregnancy. 

CYPARISSUS,  Cupressus  sempervirens. 

CYPERUS  ANT1QUORUM,  Lawsonia  in- 
ermis — c.  lndicus,  Curcuma  longa. 

Cype'rus  Longvs,  from  nvna^og,  'a  round 
vessel,'  which  its  roots  have  been  said  to  re- 
semble. Gahngale,  (F.)  Souchet  odorant.  It 
possesses  aromatic,  and  bitter  properties,  but  is 
not  used.     See,  also,  Dorstenia  contrayerva. 

Cyperus  Onouus,  Dorstenia  contrayerva — c. 
Peruanus,  Dorstenia  contrayerva. 

Cyperus  Rotun'dus;  the  Round  Cyperus, 
(F.)  Souchet  rond.  It  is  a  more  gratefully  aro- 
matic bitter  than  the  C.  Louoiit. 

CYPHO'MA.  Cyphos,  Cypho'sis,  Cyrto'ma, 
Cyrto'sis,  Opisthocyp/io'sis,  from  kvqo?,  'gib- 
bous.' Gibbosity  of  the  spine.  See  Vertebral 
Column,  &c  Cyrlosis  forms  a  genus  in  the 
order  Dyst/iet'ica,  and  class  Hxmat'ica  of  Good, 
and  is  defined:  -head  bulky,  especially  ante- 
riorly; stature  short  and  inenrvated  ;  flesh  flab- 
by, tabid,  and  wrinkled.'  It  includes  Ctttinism 
and  Rickets. 


CYPHOSIS 


2^5 


CYSTITIS 


CYPHOSIS,  Gibbositas.  See  Hump,  and 
Kyphosis. 

CYPRUS,  Cupressus  sempervirens. 

CYPRESS,  Cupressus  semper  virens — c.Tree, 
Liriodendron. 

CYP'RINUM  O'LEUM,  Oil  of  Cypress,-  pre- 
pared of  olive  oil,  cypress  flowers,  calamus, 
myrrh,  cardamom,  inula,  bitumen  of  Judtca, 
&c.  It  was  formerly  employed  in  certain  dis- 
eases of  the  uterus,  pleurisies,  &c,  and  was 
regarded  to  be  both  stimulant  and  emollient. 

CYPRIPED1UM  CALCEOLUS,  C.  lute- 
urn — c.  Flavescens,  0.  luteum. 

Cypiiirii'uiuM  Lc'teum,  C.  Calce'olus,  C. 
Fltitts'ans,  C  Pubes'cens  and  C.  Parviflo'- 
r ti in,  Yellow  ladies'  slipper,  Mocasin  flower,  Yel- 
lows, Bleeding  heart,  American  vale'rian,  Yellow 
i:  nihil,  mule  Mervine,  Noah's  ark,  (F.)  Sabot  de 
Vdnvs  jaune.  An  indigenous  plant,  JVVifc  Order, 
Orchidea;,  which  is  found  all  over  the  United 
States;  blossoming  in  May  and  June.  The 
root  is  considered  to  be  antispasmodic,  and  is 
used  in  the  same  cases  as  valerian. 

Cypkipedium  Parviflorum,  U.  luteum — c. 
Pubescens,  C.  luteum. 

CYPRIUM,  Cuprum. 

CYPSELE,  Cerumen. 

CYRCEON,  Anus. 

CYRTOIDES,  Cuboid. 

CYRTOMA,  Curvature,  Cyphoma. 

CYRTONOSOS,  Rachitis. 

CYRTOSIS,  Cyphoma — c.  Cretinismus,  Cre- 
tinism—  c.  Rachia,  Rachitis. 

CYSSAiNTHEMON,  Cyclamen. 

CYSSAROS,  Anus,  Rectum. 

CYSSOPHYLLON,  Cyclamen. 

CYSSOTIS,  from  woog,  'the  anus.'  In- 
flammation of  the  lower  part  of  the  rectum: 
Proctitis,  (q.  v.);  tenesmus. 

CYST,  Kyst. 

CY.STAL'GIA,  from  Kvorig,  'the  bladder,' 
and  aXyog,  '  pain.'     Pain  in  the  bladder. 

CYSTANENCEPHA'LIA,  from  xuoug,  <a 
bladder,'  and  anencepha'lia,  'absence  of  brain.' 
A  monstrosity,  in  which  in  place  of  a  brain,  a 
bladder  is  found  filled  with  fluid.—  G-  St.  Hi- 
laire. 

CYSTAUCHENOTOM'IA,  Cyslotracheloto- 
in'm,  from  nvOTtg,  'a  bladder,'  *vxj\v,  'the  neck,' 
and  i«ui„  'incision.'  An  incision  into  the 
neck  of  the  bladder. 

CYSTECTASY,  Lithectasy. 

OYSTENCEPH'ALUS,  from  xvtrng,  'blad- 
der.' and  xf./uAi,,  '  head.'  A  monster  having  a 
head  with  a  vesicular  brain. — G.  St.  Hilaire. 

CYSTEOL'ITHOS,  from  xvarig,  'the  blad- 
der,' and  Xi&sig,  'a  stone.'  Stone  in  the  bladder., 
Also,  a  medicine,  employed  to  dissolve  or  break 
stone. 

CYSTERETHIS'MUS,  Vesi'cx  IrritabiHtas; 
from  Kva-rig,  'the  bladder,'  and  spe&itu),  'I  irri- 
tate.'    Irritability  of  the  bladder. 

CYSTHEPAT'ICUS,  from  Kv<rng, '  the  blad- 
der ;'  and  'i;.i»o,  '  the  liver  '  Belonging  to  the 
gall  bladder  and  liver.  This  name  was  given, 
formerly,  to  imaginary  excretory  duets  tor  the 
bile,  which  were  supposed  to  pass  directly  from 
the  liver  to  the  pall-bladder. 

CYSTHEPATOLITHI'ASIS,  from  xwrig, 
'the  bladder,'  'nirao,  'the  liver,' and  Xidizotz, 
'  pain  caused  by  a  calculus.'  It  has  been  pro- 
posed to  call  thus,  the  symptoms  caused  by  the 
presence  of  biliary  calculi.   See  Calculi,  biliary. 


CYSTHITIS,  Kysthitis. 

CYSTHOS,  Anus. 

CYSTIC,  Cys'licus, from  xdj-tic,  'a  bladder.' 
Belonging  to  the  gall-bladder. 

Cystic  Artery,  Arteria  Cys'tica,  is  given  off 
from  the  right  branch  of  the  hepatic,  and  di- 
vides into  two  branches,  which  proceed  to  the 
gall-bladder.  It  is  accompanied  by  two  cystic 
veins,  which  open  into  the  vena  porta  abdo- 
minalis. 

Cystic  Bile.  Bile  contained  in  the  gall- 
bladder. 

Cystic  Calculi.  Calculi  formed  in  the  gall- 
bladder. 

Cystic  Duct,  Ductus  cys'licus,  Mca'tus  cys'- 
licus. The  duct  proceeding  from  tire  gall-blad- 
der, which,  by  its  union  with  the  hepatic,  forms 
the  ductus  communis  chohdochus. 

Cystic  Oxide  Calculi,  see  Calculi. 

Cystic  Sauco'ma,  of  Ai'.'krnethy,  Emphy'- 
ina  Sarcoma  eel  Lido1  sum.  Tumour,  cellulose  or 
cystose;  cells  oval,  currant-sized  or  grape-sized, 
containing  serous  fluid;  sometimes  caseous. 
Found  in  the  thyroid  gland  (forming  broncho- 
cele.)  testis,  ovarium,  &c. 

CYS'TICA,  Cystic  Remedies.  Such  medi- 
cines as  were  formerly  believed  proper  for  com- 
bating diseases  of  the  bladder. 

CYSTICER'CUS,  from  xvarig,  'a  bladder,' 
and  xeoxog,  :a  tail.'  A  genus  of  entozoa  of  the 
family  of  the  hydatids,  distinguished  by  the 
caudal  vesicle  in  which  the  cylindrical  or 
slightly  depressed  body  of  the  animal  termi- 
nates. The  C'ysticercus  cellulosa  has  been  often 
found  in  the  cellular  membrane. 

CYSTINURIA,  Urine,  cystinic. 

CYSTINX.  Vesicula. 

CYSTIPHLOG1A,  Cystitis. 

CYSTIRRHA'GIA,  from  xvarig, '  the  blad- 
der,' and  oiyruvi,  'I  break  forth.'  Hemorrhage 
from  the  bladder;  (F.)  Hemorrhagic  de  la  Vessie. 
Bv  some  used  synonymously  with  cystirrhcea. 

"CYsTI  RRHCE'A,  from  «.v<rxig, '  the  bladder,' 
and  gsa,  '  1  flow.'  Paru'ria  StillaW'tia  Muco'- 
sa,  Bleanu'ria,  Blennorrhea  urinalis,  B.  vesi'- 
cx, Cyslo-blennorrhaa,  Cysiorrha'a,  Uiinn  muco- 
sa, Cystocatar'rhus,  Dysu'ria  Mucosa,,  Pyu'riu 
Mum*:/,  ['.  vis'cida,  P.  sero'sa,  Morbus  cyslo- 
phlegmat'icus,  Calur'i bus  vesi'cx,  (F.)  Cyslite 
muqueuse,  Flux  muqucux  de  la  vessie,  Calarrhe 
vesical.  A  copious  discharge  of  mucus  from 
the  bladder,  passing  out  with  the  urine,  and 
generally  attended  with  dysuiia.  It  is  com- 
monly dependent  upon  an  inflammatory  or  sub- 
inflammatory  condition  of  the  lining  membrane. 
The  treatment  must  be  regulated  by  the  cause. 
If  it  be  not  produced  by  an  extraneous  body: 
the  antiphlogistic  plan, — the  exhibition  of  warm 
diluents,  and  keeping  the  surface  in  a.  perspira- 
ble state,  by  wearing  flannel.  Some  of  the  tur- 
pentines may,  at  times,  be  given  with  advan- 
tage; and  astringent  or  other  appropriate  in- 
jections be  thrown  into  the  bladder. 

CYSTIS,  Urinary  bladder — c.  Choledochus, 
Gall-bladder— c.  Fellea,  Call-bladder— c.  Sero- 
sa, 1 1  vgroma. 

T1TE,  Cystitis— c.  Muqueuse,  Cystitis. 
»  CYSTI'TIS,  from  xuoTts, '  the  bladder.'  /«- 
flamma'tio  Vesi'cx,  Empres'ma  Cysli'tis,  Cijsti'- 
lis  u'rica,  Uro-eysli'tis,  Cystiphln'gia,  Cystophlo'- 
gia,  Inflammation  of  the.  bladder.  (F.)  Cyslite, 
Inflammation  de  In  vessie, ■  characterized  by  pain 
and  swelling   in   the   hypogastric   region;    dis- 


CYSTITIS  FELLEA 


226 


CYTOBLAST 


charge  of  urine  painful  or  obstructed,  and  te- 
nesmus. It  may  affect  die  or  all  of  the  mem- 
branes; but  commonly  it  is  confined  to  the  mu- 
cous coat.  In  the  chronic  condition,  it  appears 
in  the  form  of  cystirrhcea.  It  must  be  treated 
upon  the  same  energetic  principles,  that  are 
required  in  other  cases  of  internal  inflammation. 
Venesection,  general  and  local,  the  warm  bath, 
and  warm  fomentations,  warm,  soothing  ene- 
mala,  diluents,  &c.  Cantharides  must  be 
avoided,  even  in  the  way  of  blisters,  unless 
with  precautions,  as  the  disease  is  often  occa- 
sioned by  them. 

Cystitis  Fellea,  Cholecystitis — c.  Urica, 
Cystitis. 

C  YSTITOME,  Cystit'omus,  Kilns' titome, 
from  y.variq,  '  the  bladder,'  and  rsfivsiv,  '  to  cut.' 
An  instrument,  invented  by  Lafaye,  for  di- 
viding the  anterior  part  of  the  capsule  of  the 
crystalline  in  the  operation  for  extracting  the 
cataract.    It  was  formed  like  the  Pharynyotome. 

CYSTO  BLENNORRHEA,  Cystirrhcea. 

CYSTO-BU'BONOCE'LE,  from  ko<tt,s,  '  the 
bladder,'  (ioujior,  '  the  groin,'  and  xijlrj,  'a  tu- 
mour.' Hernia  of  the  bladder  through  the  ab- 
dominal ring. 

CYSTO  CATARRHUS,  Cystirrhcea. 

CYSTOCE'LE,  Cystoce'lia,  from  nvang, '  the 
bladder,'  and  xrjlrj,  'a  tumour.'  Hernia  of  the 
bladder.  (F.)  Hernie  de  la  Vessie.  It  is  not 
common.  It  occurs,  most  frequently,  at  the 
abdominal  ring;  less  so  at  the  crural  arch,  peri- 
nosum,  vagina,  and  foramen  thyroideum.  It 
may  exist  alone,  or  be  accompanied  by  a  sac, 
containing  some  abdominal  viscus.  The  tu- 
mour is  soft  and  fluctuating;  disappears  on 
pressure,  and  increases  in  size,  when  the  urine 
is  retained.  It  must  be  reduced  and  kept  in  po- 
sition by  a  truss.  Vaginal  cystocele  is  kept  in 
place  by  a  pessary. 

Cystoce'le  Bilio'sa,  Turgescen'da  vesic'ulas 
fell'em. 

CYSTODY.N'IA,  from  xvo-iig,  'the  bladder,' 
and  odvvrj,  'pain.'  Pain  of  the  bladder;  par- 
ticularly rheumatic  pain. 

CYSTO-LITHIASIS,  Calculi,  vesical. 

CYSTO-LITHIC,  Cystolitk'icus,  from  Kvang, 
'the  bladder,'  and  Xi&os,  'a  stone.'  Relating 
to  stone  in  the  bladder. 

CYSTO-MEROCE'LE,  from  twr,c,  'the 
bladder,'  /uegtfs,  'the  thigh,'  and  x)//1./;,  'hernia.' 
Femoral  hernia,  formed  by  the  bladder  pro- 
truding beneath  the  crural  arch. 

CYSTON'CUS,  from  Kvang,  'the  bladder,' 
and  oyxoc,  '  tumour.'     Swelling  of  the  bladder. 

CYSTO-PHLEGMAT'lC,  Cystophhgmat'- 
icus,  from  y.vaiig,  'the  bladder,'  and  ipHiyua. 
'mucus,  phlegm.'  Belonging  to  Ihe  vesical 
mucus.     Morbus  cyslophlegmaticus,  Cystirrhcea. 

CY8TOPHLOG1A,  Cystitis. 

CYSTOPLAST1C,  Cysloplasticus:  from  Ma- 
Tic,  'the  bladder,'  and  nXattrta,  ' 1  form.'  An 
epithet  for  operations  for  the  cure  of  fistulous 
openings  into  the  bladder;  sometimes  restricted 
to  the  cure  by  translation  of  skin  from  a  neio-h- 
bourinir  part. 

CYSTOPLEG'TC,  Cystop!eg"icus.  Belong- 
ing to  paralysis  of  the  bladder;  from  y.wng, 
'  the  bladder,'  and  ttXijo-o-jd,  'I  strike.' 

CYSTO PLEXTA,  same  etymon.  Paralysis 
of  the  bladder. 

CYSTOPTO'SIS,  from  y.v<rxig,  'the  bladder,' 
and  TiTiTttv,  'to  fall.'     Relaxation  of  the  inner 


membrane  of  the  bladder,  which  projects  into 
the  canal  of  the  urethra. 

CYSTOPY'IC,  Cystopificus,  from  *.u<rxtc, '  the 
bladder,'  and  nvov,  'pus.'  Relating  to  suppu- 
ration of  the  bladder. 

CYSTORRHCEA,  Cystirrhcea. 

CYSTOSOMATOM'IA,  Cystosomatotom'ia, 
from  xuffne,  'the  bladder,'  awucc,  'body,'  and 
Tof<?;, '  incision.'  An  incision  into  the  body  of 
the  bladder. 

CYSTOSPASMUS,  see  Cystospastic. 

CYSTOSPAS'TIC,  Cystospus'ticus,  from 
y.wrriq,  'the  bladder,'  and  <rnaw,  'I  contract.' 
Relating  to  spasm  of  the  bladder,  and  particu- 
larly of  its  sphincter,  Spasmus  Vesi'cm,  Ischu'- 
ria  spasmod'ica.  (F.)  Spas  me  de  la  Vessie. 

CYSTOTHROM'BOlD,  Cystothromboi'des, 
from  xurmg,  'the  bladder,'  and  &Qopt.p;t:,  'a 
clot.'  Relating  to  the  presence  of  clots  in  the 
bladder. 

CYSTOTOME,  Cystot'omus,  from  xvrrif, 
'  the  bladder,'  and  xeurnv,  'to  cut.'  An  instru- 
ment intended  for  cutting  the  bladder.  In- 
struments of  this  kind  have  been  more  fre- 
quently, although  very  improperly,  called  Li- 
thotomes. 

CYSTOTOMTA,  same  etymon.  Incision  of 
the  bladder,  Sectio  vesica' lis.  Cystotomia  means 
cutting  into  the  bladder  for  any  purpose;  (F.) 
Incision  fie  la  vessie.  Commonly,  it  is  applied 
to  the  puncturing  of  the  bladder,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  removing  the  urine;  whilst  Lithotomy 
has  been  employed  for  the  incisions  made  with 
the  view  of  extracting  calculi  from  the  bladder. 
See  Lithotomy. 

CYSTOTRACHELOTOMIA,  Cystaucheno- 
tomia. 

CYT'INUS,  Cytinus  Hypocis'tus,  Hypocist'us. 
A  small,  parasitical  plant,  which  grows  in  the 
south  of  France  and  in  Greece,  on  the  roots  of 
the  woody  cistus.  The  juice  of  its  fruit  is 
acid,  and  very  astringent.  It  is  extracted  by 
expression,  and  converted  into  an  extract,  which 
was  called  Succus  Hypocis'ti,  and  was  formerly 
much  used  in  hemorrhages,  diarrhoea,  &c. 

CYTISI'NA,  Cytisine.  An  immediate  vege- 
table principle,  discovered  by  Chevalier  and 
Lassaigne,  in  the  seeds  of  the  Cytisus  La- 
bur'nutu  or  Bean-Trefoil  tree.  Family,  Legumi- 
nosae.  Sex.  Syst.  Diadelphia  Decandria.  Cy- 
tisine has  analogous  properties  to  emetine.  In 
the  dose  of  one  or  two  grains,  it  produces  vo- 
miting and  purging;  and,  in  a  stronger  dose, 
acts  as  an  acrid  poison.  The  seeds  of  the  Cy- 
tisus Laburnum,  (F.)  Jlubours,  have  been  long 
known  to  produce  vomiting  and  purging. 

CYTISMA  ECZEMA,  Eczema— c.  Herpes, 
Herpes. 

CYT1SO-GENISTA,  Spartium  scoparium. 

CYTISUS  LABURNUM,  see  Cytisine— c. 
Scoparius.  Spartium  scoparium. 

CYTl'TIS,  Scyti'tis,  Dermati'tis,  Dermi'tis, 
from  «.vtic,  '  the  skin,'  and  ills,  '  denoting  in- 
flammation,'    Inflammation  of  the  skin. 

CY'TOBLAST,  from  wxtg,  'eel!,'  and  p?.ua- 
xog,  '  germ,'  Cell-germ,  Nu'ckus.  A  primary 
granule,  from  which  all  animal  and  vegetable 
bodies  are  presumed  to  be  formed — When  the 
nucleus  or  cytoblast  forms  a  cell,  and  is  at- 
tached to  its  walls — the  germinal  ell,  thus 
formed,  is  called  a  nucleated,  cell.  When  the 
nucleus  contains  a  simple  granule,  the  latter  is 
termed  a  nucleolus. 


CYTOBLASTEMA 


227 


DANCING 


CYTOBLASTE'MA;  same  etymon.  Inter- 
cellular substance,  Hyaline  substance,  Substan- 
tia vit'rea  seu  hyali'na,  Matrix.  The  gnm  or 
mucus  in  the  vegetable,  and  probably  the  li- 
quor sanguinis  after  transudation  from  the 
vessels  in  the  animal,  in  a  state  fully  prepared 


for  the  formation  of  the  tissues. —  Schwann  and 
Schleiden.     By   many,   Blastema   is    preferred, 
inasmuch  as  it  does  not  convey  the  idea  of  cel- 
lular development. 
CYTTAROS.  Glans. 


D. 


The  figure  of  the  Greek  A,  according  to  Ga- 
len, was  the  sign  for  the  quartan  fever. 

DABACH,  Viscum  album. 

DACJNE'RON,  SaxvrjQov,  from  Saxruv,  'to 
bite.'  An  ancient  name  for  a  'collyrium,'  com- 
posed of  oxide  of  copper,  pepper,  cadmia,  myrrh, 
saffron,  gum  Arabic,  and  opium. 

DACRY,  Dac'ryon,  duxov,  tiuxovor,  'a  tear:' 
Hence: 

DACRYADENAL'GIA,  Dacryoadenal'gia, 
from  day.e_vu>,  '1  weep,'  u3ijv,  'a  gland,'  and 
ecAyog,  'pain.'  Disease  or  pain  in  the  lachrymal 
gland. 

DACRYADENFTIS,  Dacvyoddeni'tis :  from 
flaxQuo),  '  I  weep,'  adr<v,  '  a  gland,'  and  itis.  In- 
flammation of  the  lachrymal  gland. 

DACflYDION,  Convolvulus  scammonia. 

DACRYGELO'SIS,  from  Saxovw,  '1  weep,' 
and  ytlaaj  'I  laugh.'  A  kind  of  insanity,  in 
which  the  patient  weeps  and  laughs  at  the  same 
time. 

DACRYNOMA,  Epiphora. 

DACRYOADENALGIA,  Dacryadenalgia. 

DACRYOADFN1T1S,  Dacryadenitis. 

DACRYOBLENNORRHtE'A,  from  Saxovw, 
'I  weep,'  p.ivra,  'mucus,'  and  qiw,  '1  flow.' 
Discharge  of  tears  mixed  with  mucus. 

DACRYOCYSTAL'GIA,  from  Saxqvw,  '  J 
weep,'  xvortg,  'a  sac,'  and  aXyog,  '  pain.'  Dis- 
ease or  pain  in  the  lachrymal  sac. 

DACRYOCYSTITIS,  from  Saxgvov,  'a  tear,' 
and  xvorig,  'bladder.'  Inflammation  of  the 
lachrymal  sac. 

DACRY  O'DES,  Lachrymo'sus,  from  Saxqvw, 
'I  weep.'     A  sanious  ulcer,  a  weeping  sore. 

DAC'RYOLITE,  Dacryo'litlius,frotn  Suxqvoi, 
'I  weep,'  and  XiQog,  'a  stone.'  A  concretion 
found  in  the  lachrymal  passages. 

DACRYO'MA.  Same  etymon.  The  effu- 
sion of  tears,  occasioned  by  an  occlusion  of  the 
puncta  lachrymalia. —  Vogel. 

DACRYON,  Tear. 

DACRYOPCE'US,  from  Saxovw,  'I  weep,' 
and  noiiw,  'I  make.'  A  substance,  which  ex- 
cites the  secretion  of  tears, — as  the  onion,  /torse- 
radish,  garlic.  &cc. 

DAC'RYOPS,  from  Saxovw,  'I  weep,'  and 
wxfj,  'the  eve,'  'a  weeping  eye.'  A  tumefaction 
of  the  lachrymal  passages. 

DACTYLETHRA,  dactylithra, 

from  SaxxvXog,  'a  finger.'  A  name  given  by 
the  ancients  to  different  topical  applications, 
having  the  form  of  a  finger;  and  proper  for 
being  introduced  into  the  throat  to  excite  vo- 
miting. 

DACTYLETUS,  Hermodactylus. 

DACTYL'ION,  Dattyl'ium,  from  SaxrvXog, 
'n  finger.'  The  union  of  the  finders  with  each 
other.  This  affection  is  generally  congenital. 
But  it  may  be  owing  to  burns,  ulcerations,  in- 
flammation of  the  fingers,  &c. 


DACTYL'IOS,  from  SuktvXos,  'a  finger.'  A 
troch  or  lozenge,  when  shaped  like  a  finger. 

DACTYLITIS,  Paronychia. 

DACTYLIUS,  from  daxrvXtog,  annulus,  'a 
ring.'  The  Dactylius  aculeatus  is  a  worm  of  a 
light  colour,  annulated,  cylindrical,  but  ta  pering 
slightly  towards  both  extremities;  from  two- 
fifths  to  four  fifths  of  an  inch  long,  which  has 
been  found  in  the  urine. 

DACTYLODOCHME,  Dochme. 

DACTYLOS,  daxrvXog,  Dig"itus,  (q.  v.)  '  a 
finger.'  The  smallest  measure  of  the  Greeks, 
the  sixth  part  of  a  foot. 

DACTYLOTHE'KE,  5ay.rvXo6rM,  from 
SaxrvXog,  'a  finger,'  and  5>;x»/,  '  a  case  or  sheath.' 
An  instrument  for  keeping  the  fingers  extend- 
ed, when  wounded. — Ambrose  Pare. 

DACTYLUS,  Date. 

D.EDA'LEA  SUA VEOLENS, Boh'tus Sal'- 
icis.  (F.)  Bold  odor  ant.  A  champignon,  which 
grows  on  the  trunks  of  old  willows.  It  has  a 
smell  of  anise,  which  is  penetrating  and  agree- 
able; and  has  been  recommended  in  phthisis 
pulinonalis  in  the  dose  of  a  scruple  four  times 
a  day.     See  Boletus  suaveolens. 

DAEDALUS,  Hydrargyrum. 

D.-EDION,  Bougie. 

D  .^MONOMANIA,  Demonomania. 

DiES,  Tsedae. 

DAFFODIL.  Narcissus  pseudonarcissus. 

DAISY,  Chrysanthemum  leucanthemum, 
Erigeron  Philadelphicum — d.  Common,  Bellis 
— d.  Ox-eye,  Chrysanthemum  leucanthemum. 

DALBYS  CARMLN'ATIVE.  A  celebrated 
empirical  remedy,  much  used  as  a  carminative 
for  children.  The  following  is  a  form  for  its 
preparation:  (Magnesias  alb.  7)ij,  ol.  menthas 
piper,  gtt.  j,  ol.  nuc.  moscluit.  gtt.  iij,  ol.  anisi, 
gtt.  iij,  tinct.  castor,  gtt.  xxx,  tinct.  asafmtid.  gtt. 
xv,  tinct.  opii,  gtt.  v,  sp.  pulegii,  gtt.  xv,  tinct. 
cardam.  c.  gtt.  xxx,  aquae  mmthae  pip.  j|ij.  M.) 
A  Committee  of  the  Philadelphia  College  of 
Pharmacy  recommend  the  following  form: — 
(Aquas,  Ox,  Succliar.  alb.  ^xxxij,  Carbon.  Po- 
tass. gssj  Curb.  Mag  §xij,  Tinct.  Opii.  f.  §vj, 
Ol.  mentli.  piper.  Ol.  Carui,  Ol.  Jlnetlti  Famicul. 
aa  f.  9'j    M') 

D  ALTO' IN  IAN.  An  absurd  name  given  to 
one  who  cannot  distinguish  colours;  because 
the  celebrated  chemist  Dalton  had  the  defect. 
See  Achromatopsia. 

DALTONISM,  Achromatopsia, 

DAMSON,  Prunum  Damasrenum— d. Moun- 
tain, Quassia  simarouba — d.  Tree,  Prunus  do- 
mestica. 

DANCING,  Saha'tio,  (F.)  Danse.  A  kind  of 
exercise  and  amusement,  composed  of  a  suc- 
cession of  motions,  gestures,  and  attitudes, 
executed  by  measured  steps  to  the  sound  of  the 


DANDELION 


228 


DAUCUS  CAROTA 


voice  or  musical  instrument.     It  is  a  healthy 
exercise. 

DANDELION,  Leontodon  taraxacum. 

DANDRIFF,  Pityriasis. 

DANDRUFF,  Pityriasis. 

DANDY.  Dengue. 

DANEVERT,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
A  spring,  a  league  and  a  half  from  Upsal,  in 
Sweden.  The  waters  contain  carbonic  acid, 
holding  in  solution  carbonate  of  iron,  sulphate 
of  iron,  sulphates  of  soda  and  lime,  chloride  of 
sodium,  and  silica,  it  is  frequently  employed 
in  medicine. 

DANE  WORT,  Sambucus  ebulus. 

DANICH;  an  Arabic  word,  signifying  the 
weight  of  8  "rains. 

DAA'SE,  Dancing— d.  de  St.  Guy,  Chorea— d. 
de  St.  Witt,  Chorea. 

DAPHNE,  Laurus. 

Daphne  Ai.pi'na,  Chamade'a,  Chommlse'a, 
Willow  wail.  Family,  Thymelaeae.  Sex.  Syst.  Oc- 
tandria  Monogynia.  A  sort  of  dwarf-olive. 
An  acrid,  volatile,  alkaline  principle  has  been 
separated  from  the  bark  of  this  plant  by  M. 
Vauqnelin,  to  which  he  has  given  the  name 
Daphnine.  The  plants  of  this  genus  owe  their 
vesicating  property  to  this  principle. 

DA PHNllBOlSGENTIL,  Da  ph  tie  mezereu  m 
— d.  Flax-leaved,  Daphne  gnidium — d.  Garou, 
Daphne  gnidium. 

Daphne  Gnid'icm,  Thy  melee' a,  Cneo'ron, 
Spurge  Flux,  Flax-leaved  Daphne.  The  plant 
which  furnishes  the  Garou  Bark.  (F.)  Daphne 
Garou,  Sain-bois.  It  is  chiefly  used,  when  used 
at  all,  for  exciting  irritation  of  tiie  skin.  The 
Gru.na  Gnid'ia,  (see  Cnid'ia  grana.)  are  acrid 
poisons,  like  all  the  plants  of  this  genus,  when 
taken  in  quantity.  According  to  others,  the 
garou  bark  and  grana  gnidia  are  obtained  from 
the  daphne  laweola. 

Daphne  Laureola.  The  systematic  name 
of  the  Sparge  Laurel,  Laureola.  The  bark  of 
this  plant  has  similar  properties  to  the  last. 

Daphne  Meze'reum.  The  systematic  name 
of  the  Meze'reon,  Meze'reum,  Spurge  olive.  (F.) 
Daphne  Boisgentil,  The  bark  of  the  mezereon. 
"'it,  (Ph.  U.  S.)  possesses  analogous  pro- 
perties to  the  other  varieties  of  Daphne,  it  is 
considered  stimulant  and  diaphoretic;  and,  in 
large  doses,  is  emetic.  It  has  been  employed 
in  syphilitic  cases,  but  its  efficacy  is  doubtful. 
Soaked  in  vinegar, — like  the  other  varieties  of 
Daphne,  it  has  been  employed  to  irritate  the 
skin,  especially  to  keep  issues  open. 

DAPHNELjE'ON,  O'leum  Lavri'num,  from 
Sdufrri,  'the  laurel  or  bay  tree,'  and  iXuiov,  'oil.' 
Gil  of  Bay. 

DAP  UN  IN  E,  see  Daphne  Alpina. 

D\RSKNI,  Laurus  cinnamoinum. 

DARS1NI,  Laurus  cinnamoinum. 

DARSIS,  from  (Jejjco,  '  I  excoriate,'  'I  skin.' 
The  Greek  physicians  seemed  to  have  used  this 
word  to  designate  the  anatomical  preparation, 
which  consists  in  removing  the  skin  for  ex- 
posing the  organs  covered  by  it. 

DARTA,  Impetigo. 

DARTOS.  Same  derivation;  Membra.' na 
carno'sa,  Tu'nica  musculo!  ris,  T.  rubicun'dn 
scroti,  Marsu'pium  musculo' sum;  from  Saqxot, 
'  skinned.'  A  name,  given  to  the  second  cover- 
ing of  the  testicle,  which  the  ancient  anato- 
mists conceived  to  be  muscular,  but  which  is 
merely  cellular.    Its  external  surface  is  towards 


the  scrotum;  the  internal,  towards  the  tunica 
vaginalis.     Frederick    Lobslein    and    Dr< 
consider,  that  it.  proceeds  from  an  expansion  of 
the  cellular  cord,  known  by  the  name,  Guber- 
naculum  Testis. 

DARTRE,  Herpes,  Impetigo— d.  Crustneie, 
Ecthyma  Impetigo — d.  Crustacke  flavescente, 
Porrigo  lupinosa— d.  Mcailleuse,  Psoriasis— d. 
Fongueuse,  Ecthyma — d.  Fiirfurac6e  arrondie, 
Lepra,  Lepra  vulgaris — d  FurfuraCee  vol  ante, 
Lichen,  Pityriasis  —  d.  Phlycleno'ide,  Herpes 
phlyctcenoides — d.  Pustuleuse  couperose,  Gntta 
rosea — tl.  Pustuleuse  disseminfe,  Acne — (/.  Fun- 
Luh  use  mentagra,  Sycosis  —  d.  Rongeante,  Her- 
pes exedens — d.  Squammeuse  humide,  Eczema 
— d.  Squumeuse  liclieno'ide,  Psoriasis — d.  Vice, 
Eczema. 

DARTREUX  (F.),  Herpet'ic.  Participating 
in  the  characters  of  Dartre  or  Herpes.  Also, 
one  a  flee  ted  with  dartre.  Dartre  has  been  used, 
at  one  time  or  other,  for  almost  every  disease 
of  the  skin. — See  Herpes. 

DASYM'iVIA,  from  S±<rv?,  'rough,'  'hairy.' 
A  disease  of  the  eye — the  same  as  Trachoma, 
but  less  in  degree. — Aetius,  Gorrseus. 

DAS'YTES.  Same  etymon.  Roughness, 
particularly  of  the  tongue  and  voice. 

DATE,  Pafmula,  Dadtylus,  Bal'anos,  Phw!- 
nicos,  the  fruit  of  the  Phoenix  Dactylifera,  (F.) 
Datte.  The  unripe  date  is  astringent  When 
ripe  it  resembles  the  fig.  The  juice  of  the  tree 
is  refrigerant. 

DATE  PLUM,  INDIAN,  Diospyrus  lotus. 

DJiTTA,  Date. 

DATURA,  Daturine. 

Datu'ka  Stramo'niuw,  Stramonium,  Bury- 
coe'rolon,  Sola'num  mani'acum,  Stramo'niii 
no'sum,  Solatium  fal'idum,  Stramo'r, 
album.  Thorn  Apple,  James-town  Weed,  Jun- 
slon  Weed,  Stinkweed,  (F.)  Stramoine,  romme 
epineuse.  The  herbaceous  part  of  the  plant  and 
the  seeds  are  the  parts  used  in  medicine.  They 
are  narcotic  and  poisonous; — are  given  inter- 
nally as  narcotics  and  antispasmodics,  and  ap- 
plied externally  as  sedatives,  in  the  form  of  fo- 
mentation. The  seeds  are  smoked  like  tobacco, 
in  asthma.  The  dose  of  the  powder,  is  gr.  j  to 
gr.  viii. 

DA'TURINE,  Daluri'na.  Datu'ria,  Datu'rium, 
The  active  principle  of  the  Datura  Stramonium, 
separated  by  Brandes,  a  German  chemist.  It 
has  not  been  rendered  available  in  medicine. 

DATURIUM,  Daturine. 

DAUCI'TES  VINUM.  Wine,  of  which  the 
Daucusox  Wild  CarnA  was  an  ingredient.  The 
seeds  were  steeped  in  must.  It  was  formerly 
used  in  coughs,  convulsions,  hypochondriasis, 
diseases  of  the  uterus,  &c. 

DAUCUS  CAROTA.  The  systematic  name 
of  the  Carrot  Plant,-  Daucus,  Daucus  sylvestris, 
Pustina'ca  sylvestris  tenuift/tia 
lion.  Order,  Umbellifenr,  (F.)  Carotle.  The 
root,  and  seed,  Carotu  —  (Ph.  U.S.) — have  been 
used  in  medicine.  The  root  is  sweet,  and  muci- 
laginous; and  the  seeds  have  an  aromatic  odour, 
and  moderately  warm,  pungent  taste.  1 
has  been  used,  as  an  emollient,  to  fetid  and  ill- 
conditioned  sores.  The  seeds  have  been  re- 
garded as  stomachic,  carminative  and  diuretic; 
but  they  have  little  ellicacy.  The  seeds  of  the 
wild  plant  are,  by  some,  preferred  to  those  of 
the  garden. 


DJUPlllJYELLE 


229 


DEBRIDEMENT 


Daucus  Canthanus,  Athamanta  crelensis — 
d.Creticus,  Athamanta cretensis — d.  Cyanopus, 
Pirnpinella  magna — d.Seprinius,  Scandix  cere- 
folium — d.  Sylveslris,  D.  carota. 

DAUPHINELLE,  Delphinium  staphisatma. 
DAVIER,  Dentagra 

DAWLISH,  CLIMATE  OF.  A  town  in 
Devonshire,  frequented  by  phthisical  invalids 
during  the  winter.  It  is  well  protected  from 
northerly  winds,  and  also  from  the  violence  of 
the  south-westerly  gales.  It  offers,  however, 
but  a  confined  space. 

DAX,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Dax  is  a 
city  two  leagues  from  Bordeaux,  where  there 
are  four  springs,  that  are  almost  purely  thermal; 
containing  only  a  very  small  quantity  of  chlo- 
ride of  magnesium,  and  sulphate  of  soda  and 
lime.     Temperature  76°  to  138°  Fahrenheit. 

DAYMARE,  Incubus  vigilantium. 

DAY-SIGHT,  Hemeralopia— d.  Vision,  He- 
meralopia. 

DAZZLING,  Caliga'tio,  (F.)  Eblouissement. 
A  momentary  disturbance  of  sight,  occasioned 
either  by  the  sudden  impression  of  too  powerful 
a  light,  or  by  some  internal  cause;  as  plethora. 

DEAF-DUMBNESS,  Mutitas  surdorum. 

DEAFNESS,  from  Anglo-Saxon  t>eaj:.  Sur'- 
dilas,  Copho'sis,  Dysccoi'a,  Dyseca.'a  organ'ica, 
Baryecoia,  Hardness  of  hearing,  Hyporopho'sis, 
Subsur'ditas,  Bradycoia,  (F.)  Surdite,  Durete  de 
I'oiiie.  Considerable  diminution  or  total  loss  of 
hearing.  It  may  be  the  effect  of  acute  or  chronic 
inflammation  of  the  internal  ear,  paralysis  of  the 
auditory  nerve  or  its  pulpy  extremity,  or  of  some 
mechanical  obstruction  to  the  sonorous  rays. 
In  most  cases,  however,  the  cause  of  the  deaf- 
ness is  not  appreciable,  and  the  treatment  has 
to  be  purely  empirical.  Syringing  the  ear, 
dropping  in  slightly  stimulating  oils,  fumiga- 
tions, &c,  are  the  most  likely  means  to  afford 
relief. 

Deafness,  Taylor's  Remedy  for,  see  Al- 
lium. 

DEAMBULATrO,  Walking 

DEARTICULATIO,  Diarthroais.     . 

DEASCIATIO,  Aposceparnismus. 

DEATH,  (Sax.  seas,)  Apobio'sis,  Le'thum, 
Lc'tum,  Mors,  Inter'itus,  Than'atos,  Death,  (F.) 
Mort.  Definitive  cessation  of  all  the  functions, 
the  aggregate  of  which  constitute  life.  Real 
Death,  Jlpothana'sia.  is  distinguished  from  as- 
phyxia or  apparent  death  : — the  latter  being 
merely  a  suspension  of  those  same  functions. 
But  it  is  often  difficult  to  judge  of  such  suspen- 
sion, and  the  only  certain  sign  of  real  death  is 
the  commencement  of  putrefaction.  At  times, 
therefore,  great  caution  is  requisite  to  avoid 
mistakes.  Death  is  commonly  preceded  by 
some  distressing  symptoms,  which  depend  on 
lesion  of  respiration,  circulation,  or  of  the  cere- 
bral function,  and  which  constitute  the  agony. 
That  which  occurs  suddenly,  and  without  any, 
or  with  few,  precursory  signs,  is  called  sudden. 
death.  It  is  ordinarily  caused  by  disease  of  the 
heart;  apoplexy  :  the  rupture  of  an  aneurism,  or 
l.y  some  other  organic  affection.  Death  is 
natural,  when  it  occurs  as  the  result  of  disease: 
violent,  when  produced  by  some  forcible  agency. 
It  may  likewise  affect  the  whole  body,  or  a  part 
only  ;  hence  the  difference  between  somatic  and 
molecular  death. 

All  sudden  deaths  must  begin  by  the  inter- 
ruption of  circulation,  of  the  action  of  the  brain, 


or  of  respiration.     One  of  these  functions  stops 

first;  and  the  others  terminate  successively' 

the  series  of  phenomena  ceasing  nearly  as  fol- 
lows. 

Death  beginning  in  the  Heart. 
1.  Impulse  received  by  tlie  brain. 

2  Ac' inn  of  the  lira  in. 

3  Action  of  the  voluntary  muscles. 

4.  Action  of  the,  mixed  muscles 

5.  The  mechanical  phenomena  of  respiration. 

0.  The  chymical  phenomena  of  respiration. 
7.  The  phenomena  of  nutrition. 

Death  beginning  in  the  Brain. 

1.  Interruption  of  the  drain's  action. 

2.  That  of  voluntary  or  mixed  muscles. 

3.  Mechanical  phenomena  of  respiration. 

4.  Chymical  phenomena  of  respiration. 
5  Cessation  of  heart's  action. 

6.  Cessation  of  general  circulation. 

7.  Functions  of  nutrition. 

Death  beginning  in  the  Lungs. 

I.   mien  the  Mechanical  Phenomena  are  interiuptcd,  as  in 
Suffocation. 

1.  Mechanical  phenomena. 

2.  Chymical  phenomena. 

3.  Action  of  the  brain. 

4.  Extinction  of  animal  life. 

5.  Cessation  of  the  general  circulation. 

6.  Of  the  functions  of  nutrition. 

II.   When  the  Chymical  Phenomena  are  interrupted. 

1.  Interruption  of  chymical  phenomena. 

2.  Action  of  the  heart. 

3.  Action  of  the  brain. 

4.  Sensation,  locomotion,  voice,  and  mechanical  pheno- 

mena of  respiration. 

5.  Functions  of  nutrition,  generally. 

Death,  Apparent,  Asphyxia. 

Death,  Black.  The  plague  of  the  14th  cen- 
tury was  so  called,  which  is  supposed  to  have 
proved  fatal  in  Europe  to  25,000,000  of  people. 
— Hecker. 

Death  of  Man,  Cicuta  maculata. 

DEBIL'JTANTS,  Debilitaritia,  from  debiH- 
tare,  itself  from  debi/is,  quasi  dehabilis,  '  weak,' 
'  to  weaken.'  Remedies  exhibited  for  the  pur- 
pose of  reducing  excitement.  Antiphlogistics 
are  hence,  debilitants. 

DEBILITAS  ERETH1SICA,  see  Irritable— 
d.  Nervosa,  Neurasthenia — d.  Nervosa,  see  Ir- 
ritable—d.  Visus,  Asthenopia. 

DEB1LTTY,  Dtbil'itas,  Jlsthcni'a,  Blaci'a. 
Weakness,  (F.j  Fcnbksse.  A  condition,  which 
may  be  induced  by  a  number  of  causes.  It 
must  not  be  confounded  with  fatigue,  which  is 
temporary,  whilst  debility  is  generally  more 
permanent. 

Debility  may  be  real,  or  it  may  be  apparent,- 
and,  in  the  management  of  disease,  it  is  im- 
portant to  attend  to  this.  At  the  commence- 
ment of  fever,  for  example,  there  is  often  a  de- 
gree of  apparent  debility,  which  prevents  the 
use  of  appropriate  means,  and  is  the  cause  of 
much  evil.  Excitement  is  more  dangerous  than 
debility. 

DliBOlTEMEJVT,  Luxation. 

DAdORDEMEKT  (F.),  from  dehor der,  (de 
and  border,')  >  to  overflow.'  A  popular  term  for 
one  or  more  sudden  and  copious  evacuations 
from  the  bowels.  It  is  chiefly  applied  to  bilious 
evacuations  of  this  kind—  Dehor dement  de  Bile. 

DEBRIDEMENT  (F.)  Frseno'rum  solu'tio, 
from  (F.)  debrider,  (de  and  bridr.r,)  '  to  unbridle.' 
The  removal  of  filaments,  &c,  in  a  wound  or 
abscess,  which  prevent  the  discharge  of  pus. 
In  a  more  general  acceptation,  it  means  the  cut- 
ting of  a  soft,  membranous  or  aponeurotic  part, 


DECAGRAMME 


230  DECOCTION  OF  ALOES,  COMPOUND 


which  interferes  with  the  exercise  of  any  organ 
whatever:  thus,  in  paraphymosis,  debridement 
of  the  prepuce  is  practised  to  put  an  end  to  the 
inflammation  of  the  glans:  in  strangulated  her- 
nia, debridement  of  the  abdominal  ring  is  had 
recourse  to,  to  remove  the  stricture  of  the  in- 
testine, ifcc. 

DECAGRAMME,  from  Sixa,  'ten,'  and 
yjufi/Lin,  'a  gramme.'  The  weight  of  ten 
grammes,  154.44  grains  Troy. 

DECAMYRON,  from  Ssr.ct,  '  ten,'  and  uv£or, 
'ointment.'  An  ancient  cataplasm,  composed 
of  maliibathrum,  mastich.  euphorbium,  spike- 
nard, styrax  calamita.  carbonate  of  lime,  common 
pepper,  unguentum  nardi,  opobalsamum,  and 
wax. 

DECANTA'TION,  Decarda'tio,  Defu'sio,  Etu- 
tria'tio,  Mctangismos,  Catach'ysis.  A  pharma- 
ceutical operation,  which  consists  in  pouring 
off,  gently,  by  inclining  the  vessel,  any  fluid, 
which  has  left  a  deposit. 
DECARBOMZATION,  Hasmatosis. 
DECESSIO,  Ecpiesma. 
DECHARMi.  Demusculatus. 
DECHAUSSEMEAT  (F.)  (de  and  chavsser.) 
The  state,  in  which  the  gums  have  fallen  away 
from  the  teeth,  as  in  Ihose  affected  by  mer- 
cury, in  old  persons,  &c.  Also,  the  operation 
of  lancing  the  gums.  See  Gum  lancet. 
DJlCHAUSSOIR,  Gum  lancet. 
DUCHIREMEKT,  Laceration. 
JDltCHIRURE,  Wound,  lacerated. 
DECID'UA  MEMBRA'NA,  Decid'ua,  from 
decidere,  '  to  fall  off,'  (de,  and  cado.)  The  out- 
ermost membrane  of  the  foetus  in  ulero.  Chaus- 
sier  calls  it  Epicho'rion :  by  others,  it  lias  been 
called  Membra'  na  aid  a  ca  Haute'  ri,  M.  flocAilen! '- 
ta,  M.  cellulo'sa,  M.  sinuo'sa,  31.  commu'nis,  M. 
prseexis'tans,  Decidua  externa,  Tu'nica  exterior 
ovi,  T.  cadu'ea,  T.  crussa,  Membra' na  cribro'sa, 
Membra' na  ovi  mater' na,  M.  ruuco'sa,  Decidua 
spongio'sa,  Epionc,  Perione,  Membra' na  u'teri 
inter' na  evola'ta,Kidarnen'tum,  jinhis'tous  mem- 
brane, Cho'riun  spongio'sum,  C.  tomento'sum, 
fungo'sum,  recticulu'tum,  &c.  Tunica  fdamen- 
to'sa,  (F.)  Membrane  caduque, Shaggy  Chorion, 
Spongy  Chorion,  &c.  Great  diversity  has  pre- 
vailed, regarding  this  membrane  and  its  re- 
flected portion.  It  has  been  conceived  by  some 
that  it  exists  before  the  genu  arrives  in  the  ute- 
rus,—  as  it  has  been  met  with  in  tubal  and  ova- 
riai  pregnancies;  and  that  it  is  occasioned  by  a 
new  action,  assumed  by  the  uterine  vessels  at 
the  moment  of  conception.  Chaussier,  Lob- 
stein.  Gardien,  Velpeau  and  others  consider 
the  decidua  to  be  a  sac,  completely  lining  the 
uterus,  and  without  apertures,  and  that  when 
the  ovum  descends  through  the  tube,  it  pushes 
1he  decidua  before  it,  and  becomes  enveloped 
in  it,  except  in  the  part  destined  to  form  the 
placenta.  That  portion  of  the  membrane,  which 
covers  the  ovum,  forms  the  Membra'na  decid'ua 
reflex' a,  (F.)  M.  caduque  rejlechie,  according  to 
them; — the  part  lining  the  uterus  being  the  De- 
cidua U'teri.  Towards  the  end  of  the  fourth 
month,  the  decidua  reflexa  disappears.  The 
very  existence  of  a  Tunica  decidua  reflexa  has, 
however,  been  denied.  This  membrane  has  re- 
ceived various  names.  Dr.  Granville,  regard- 
ing it  as  the  external  membrane  of  the  ovum, 
has  termed  it  Cortex  ovi,  (q.  v.)  It  has  also 
been  termed  Involucrum  mcmbrani'ccum,  Mem- 
bra'na retifor'jais  cho'rii,   Membra'na  fdamen- 


to'sa,  M.  adventitia  and  .1/.  crassa,  Oculinc  and 
Decidua  prolrusa.  The  decidua  becomes  thin- 
ner and  thinner,  until  the  end  of  gestation.  Its 
use  seems  to  be,  to  fix  the  ovum  to  the  uterus, 
and  to  fulfil  some  important  purposes  in  the 
nutrition  of  the  foetus.  To  the  membrane  which, 
according  to  Bojanus,  is  situate  between  the 
placenta  and  the  uterus,  and  which  he  considers 
to  be  produced  at  a  later  period  than  the  decidua 
vera,  he  gives  the  name  membra'na  decid'ua  se- 
roti'na. 

Decidua  Protrusa,  Decidua  reflexa. 

DECIGRAMME,  Decigram'ma,  from  deci- 
mus,  '  the  tenth  part,'  and  ypetftfta,  'gramme.' 
The  tenth  partof  the  gramme  in  weight:  equal 
to  a  little  less  than  two  grains,  French;  1.544 
Troy. 

DECIMA'NA  FEBRIS,  from  decern,  'ten.' 
An  intermittent,  whose  paroxysms  return  every 
10th  day  or  every  9  days.     It  is  supposititious. 

DECLAMA'TlON,  Declama'tio,  from  de,  and 
clamarc, '  to  cry  out.'  The  art  of  depicting  the 
sentiments,  by  inflections  of  the  voice,  accom- 
panied with  gestures,  which  render  the  mean- 
ing of  the  speaker  more  evident,  and  infuse  in- 
to the  minds  of  the  auditors  the  emotions  with 
which  he  is  impressed.  Declamation  may  be- 
come the  cause  of  disease:  the  modification, 
produced  in  the  pulmonary  circulation,  —  ac- 
companied by  the  great  excitement,  some- 
limes  experienced, — is  the  cause  of  many  mor- 
bid affections:  particularly  of  pneumonia,  hae- 
moptysis, and  apoplexy.  In  moderation,  it  gives 
a  healthy  excitement  to  the  frame. 

DECLIN,  Decline. 

DECLINE,  Dec  Una' do,  Inclina! do ,  Decremen'- 
tum,  Kemis'nio,  Parac'me,  (F.)  Declin,  from  de, 
and  c/inare,  '  to  bend.'  That  period  of  a  disor- 
der or  paroxysm,  at  which  the  symptoms  begin 
to  abate  in  Violence.  We  speak,  also,  of  the 
decline  of  life,  or  of  the  powers,  (F.)  DecUnde 
Cage,  L'age  de  declin,  when  the  physical  and 
mora)  faculties  lose  a  little  of  their  activity  and 
energy.     See  Phthisis  and  Tabes. 

DECEIVE,  (F.)  DccU'cis,  from  de,  '  from,' 
and  dims,  '  declivity.'  Inclining  downwards. 
This  epithet  is  applied  to  the  most  depending 
part  of  a  tumour  or  abscess. 

DECOCTION,  Dccoc'tio.  from  decoquere,  '  to 
boil-.'  (de  and  corjucrc,)  Epse'sis,  Jlphepsis, /vXo?, 
Chy/us.  The  operation  of  boiling  certain  in- 
gredients in  a  fluid,  for  the  purpose  of  extract- 
ing the  parts  soluble  at  that  temperature.  De- 
coction, likewise,  means  the  product  of  this 
operation,  to  which  the  terms  Dccactum,  Zema, 
Aphepse'ma,  Ap'azom,  and  Epse'ma,  have  been 
applied  according  to  ancient  custom,  in  order 
to  avoid  any  confusion  between  the  operation 
and  its  product; — as  preeparatio  is  used  for  the 
act  of  preparing;  prseparatum,  for  the  thing  pre- 
pared. 

Dkcoction  of  Aloes,  Compound,  Decoctutn 
aloes  compositum — d.  of  Bark,  Decoclum  cin- 
chona?— d.  of  Barley,  Decoctum  hordei — d.  of 
Barley,  compound,  Decoctum  hordei  composi- 
tum— d.  Bitter,  Decoctum  amarum — d.  of  Cab- 
bage tree  bark,  Decoctum  geofTiacre  inermis — d. 
id  Cassia,  Decoctum  cassia' — d.  of  Chamomile, 
Decoctum  anlhemidis  nobilis — d.  of  Cinchona, 
Decoctum  cinchonas  —  d.  of  Cinchona,  com- 
pound laxative,  Decoctum  kinae  kinae  composi- 
tum el  laxans — d.  of  Colomba,  compound,  De- 
coctum Calumbae  compositum — d.  of  Dandelion, 


DECOCTUM 


231    DECOCTUM  GEOFFRJELE  LNERMIS 


Decoctum  Taraxaci — d.  of  Dogwood,  Decoc- 
tum  Cornus  Floridae — d.  of  Elm  bark,  Decoc- 
tum ulmi — d.  of  Foxglove,  Decoctum  digitalis 
— d.  de  Gayac  cornposce,  &c,  Decoctum  de 
Guyaco  composilurn — d.  of  Guaiacum,  com- 
pound, Decoctum  Guaiaci  compositum — cl.  of 
Guaiacum,  compound  purgative,  Decoctum  de 
Guyaco  compositum — d.  of  Haitshorn,  burnt, 
Mistura  cornu  usti — d.  of  Hellebore,  white,  De- 
coctum veralri — d.  of  Iceland  Moss,  Decoctum 
Cetrarire — d.  of  Liverwort,  Decoctum  lichenis 
— d.of  Logwood,  Decoctum  Haematoxyli — d.  of 
Marshmallows,  Decoctum  althceaj — d.de  Mauve 
composer.,  Decoctum  malva?  compositum — d.  of 
Oak  bark,  Decoctum  quercus — d.  d'Orge,  De- 
coctum hordei — d.  d'Orge  cornposce,  Decoctum 
hordei  compositum — d.  of  Pipsissewa,  Decoc- 
tum chimaphiloe — d.  of  Poppy,  Decoctum  papa- 
veris — d.  of  Quince  seeds,  Decoctum  cydoniae 
— d.  de  Quinquina  composee  el  laxative,  Decoc- 
tum kinae  kinae  compositum  et  laxans — d.  de. 
Salsapareille  composee,  Decoctum  sarsaparillos 
compositum  —  d.  of  Sarsaparilla,  Decoctum  sar- 
saparillos— d.  of  Sarsaparilla,  compound,  De- 
coctum sarsaparillae  compositum — d.  of  Sarsa- 
parilla, false,  Decoctum  Aralire  nudieaulis— d. 
of  Squill,  Decoctum  scillas — d.  of  Uva  Ursi, 
Decoctum  uvae  ursi — d.  of  the  Woods,  Decoc- 
tum Guaiaci  compositum  — d.  of  Woody  night- 
shade, Decoctum  dulcamara — d.  of  Zittmann, 
Decoctum  Zittmanni. 

DECOCTUM,  Decoction — d.  Album,  Mistura 
cornu  usti. 

Decoctum  Al'of.s  Compos'itum,  Balsam  of 
Life,  Compound  Decoction  of  Jlloes.  (Ext.  glyc. 
"iv,  potass,  subcarb.  >}ij,  aloes  spicat.  cit.:  nnjr- 
rluc  contrit. :  croci  stigmat.  aa  gj,  aqua  Oj.  Boil 
to  f.  §xij  :  strain,  and  add  tinct.  card.  c.  f.  §iv. 
r/iarm.  L.)  The  gum  and  extractive  are  dis- 
solved in  this  preparation.  The  alkali  is  added 
to  take  up  a  little  of  the  resin.  The  tincture 
prevents  it  from  spoiling.  It  is  gently  cathartic. 
Dose,  f.  3jss  to  ^ij. 

Decoctum  Althje'je,  D.  althaa  ojjicina'lis; 
Decoction  of  Marsh-mallows,  (F.)  Dicoction  dc 
GuimauvB.  (Rod.  althaa  sice.  ,^iv.  wear  passar 
^ij,  aqua,  Ovij.  Boil  to  Ov.  Pour  off  the  cleat 
liquor,  l'harm  E.)  It  is  used  as  a  demulcent 
Decoctum  Ama'rum;  Bitter  Decoction.  (Rad. 
gent,  gj,  aqua:  Oijss.  Boil  for  a  quarter  of  an 
hour;  add  species  amara  Zij.  Infuse  for  two 
hours  and  filter,  without  expressing,  l'harm. 
1'.)     It  is  tonic.     Dose.f.  i|ss  to  ^ij. 

Df.coctum  Anthem'idis  Nob'ilis,  D.  Chama- 
me'li;  Decoction  of  Cham'omile.  (Flnr.  ant  he- 
mid,  noliil.  ^j,  scm.  carui  giv,  aqua  Ov.  Boil 
for  fifteen  minutes  and  strain,  l'harm.  E.)  It 
contains  bitter  extractive  and  essential  oil,  dis- 
solved in  water.  It  is  used,  occasionally,  as  a 
vehicle  for  tonic  powders,  pills,  &c,  and  in  fo- 
mentations and  glysters;  but  for  the  last  pur- 
pose, warm  water  is  equally  efficacious.  The 
Dublin  college  has  a  compound  decoction. 

Decoctum  Ara'lijE  Nudicau'lis;  Decoclionof 
False  Sarsaparilla,  (Jlralla  nudicuul.  ^v^aqua: 
Oviij.  Digest  for  four  hours,  and  then  boil  to 
four  pints:  press  out  and  strain  the  decoction. 
Former  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is  used  as  a  stomachic, 
but  it  is  an  unnecessary  and  laborious  prepara- 
tion. 

Decoctum  Cassi/e;  Decoction  of  Cassia. 
(Cassia  pulp,  ^ij,  aqua  Oij.  Boil  for  a  few  mi- 
nutes, filter  without  expression,  and  add  syrup. 


violar.  §j,  or  marines pur.j£\j.    Pharm.  P.)     It  is 
laxative,  in  the  dose  of  ajvj. 

Decoctum  Cetra'ki/e,  Decoction  of  Iceland 
Moss.  (Cetrar.  gss,  aqua  Oiss,  Boil  to  a  pint, 
and  strain  with  compression.  Pharm.  U.  S.) 
Dose,  f.  §iv,  to  Oss  and  more. 

Decoctum  Cham^emeli,  Decoctum  Anthe- 
midis  nobilis. 

D  ecoctu  m  Ch  i  m  a  pn'ii-a:,  Decoction,  of  Pipsis- 
sewa. (Chimaph. contus. ^j.aqvaO'isa.  Boil  to 
a  pint,  and  strain.  Pharm.  U.  S.)  Dose,  f.  ,^iss. 
Decoctum  Cincho'k^;,  Decoctum  Cinchona 
lancifolia,  1).  Cor'ticis  Cinchona,-  Decoction  of 
Cinchona,  D.  of  Bark.  Decoctum  Kina  Kina. 
(C  Inchon,  cart,  contus.  3jj,  aquas  Oj.  Boil  for  ten 
minutes,  in  a  slightly  covered  vessel,  and  strain 
while  hot.  Pharm.  U.  S.)  It.  contains  cincho- 
nia  and  resinous  extractive,  dissolved  in  water. 
Long  coction  oxygenates  and  precipitates  the 
extractive.  It  can  be  given  where  the  powder 
does  not  sit  easy,  &c.     Dose,  f.  ^j  to  §iv. 

Decoctum  Coi.om'b#:  Compos'itum:  Com- 
pound Decoction  of  Colombo.  (Colomb.  contus. 
quassia,  aa  gij,  cort.  uurant.  gj,  rhij  pulv.  Qj, 
polassa  carbonat.gss,  aquse^xx.  Boil  to  a  pint, 
and  add  tinct.  lavand.  f.  gss.  Former  Ph.  U.S.) 
Given  as  a  tonic,  but  not  worthy  of  an  officinal 
station. 

Decoctum  Commune  pro  Clystetie,  D.  mal- 
vse  compositum  —  d.  Cornu  cervini.  Mistura 
cornu  usti. 

Decoctum  Cop.NiJs  Floh'id^,  Decoction  of 
Dogwood.  (Corny s  Florid,  cont.  3j,  aqua  Oj. 
Boil  for  ten  minutes  in  a  covered  vessel,  and 
strain  while  hot.  Pharm.  U.S.)  Dose,  f.  5iss. 
Decoctum  Cvdo'ni/E,  Mucilc/go  Sem'inis  Cy- 
do'nii  Mali,  M.  Sem'inum  Cyd onto' rum;  Decoc- 
tion or  Mu'cUage  of  Quince  seeds.  (Cqdonia 
sent,  gij,  aquae  Oj.  Boil  for  ten  minutes  over 
a  gentle  fire,  and  strain.  Pharm.  L.)  It  is 
merely  a  solution  of  mucilage  in  water,  and  is 
used  as  a  demulcent. 

Decoctum  Daphnes  Mkzf/rei,  Decoctum 
Mezc'rei;  Decoction  of  Mezereon.  (Cort.  rad. 
daphn.  mczerei,  §ij,  rad.  glycyrrh.  cont.  Sss, 
aquse.  Oiij.  Boil  over  a  gentle  fire  to  Oij,  and 
strain.)  The  acrimony  of  the  mezereon  and  the 
saccharine  mucilage  of  the  liquorice  root  are 
imparted  to  the  water.  It  is  somewhat  stimu- 
lant, and  has  been  used  in  secondary  syphilis; 
but  is  devoid  of  power.     Dose.  f.  giij  to  ^vj. 

Decoctum  Diapiioketicum,  D.  Guaiaci  com- 
positum—d.  pro  Enemate,  D.  malvee  composi- 
tum. 

Decoctum  Digita'i.is,  Decoction  of  Fox  a  love. 
(Fol.digit.  sice,  zj,  aquae  q.  s.  nt  eolenlur  f.  ~viij. 
Let  the  liquor  beyin  to  boil  over  a  slow  fire,  and 
then  remove  it.  Digest  for  fifteen  minutes,  and 
strain.  Pharm.  D.)  It  possesses  the  properties 
of  the  plant.      Dose,  f.  Zij  to  ^iij. 

Decoctum  Dui.c am a'r/f;  Deco'tion  of  Woody 
Nightshade.  (Dulcamarx  cont.  3jj.  aquae  Oiss. 
Boil  to  Oj,  and  strain.  Pharm'.  U.  S)  This 
decoction  lias  been  considered  diuretic  and  dia- 
phoretic, and  has  been  administered  extensively 
in  skin  diseases.  It  is  probably  devoid  of  effi- 
cacy. 

Decoctum  tro  Fomento,  D.  papaveris. 
Decoctum  Geoffrje^e  I  .vermis;  Decoction  of 
Cabbage-Tree  Bark.  (Cort.  goeffr.  inermis  in 
pulv.  ~' j ,  aqux  Oij.  Boil  over  a  slow  fire  to  a 
pint,  and  strain.  Pharm.  E.)  It  is  possessed  of 
anthlemintic,  purgative,  and  narcotic  proper- 


DECOCTUM  GUAIACI  COMPOSITUM    232 


DECOCTUM  VERATRI 


lies,  and  has  been  chiefly  n.-ed  for  the  first  of 
these  purposes.  Dose,  to  children,  f.  £ij— to 
adults,  f.  gas  to  %\j. 

Decoctum  Gdai'aci  Compos'itum,  D.  Gl/a- 
iaei  officina'lis  compos' i turn,  Decoctum  Ligno'rurn, 
D.  de  Guyaeo  compos' i It urn,  D.  sudorificum.  D. 
diapkoretficum  ;  Compound decoctionof Guaiacum, 
Decoction  of  the  Woods.  (Lign.  guaiac.  rasur. 
"^Wyfruct .  sice,  vitis  vinifer.  g\],rad>  lavri  sassafr. 
concis.,  rad.  ghjeyrrk.  aa  3j.  aquas  Ox.  Boil  the 
guaiacum  and  raisins  over  a  slow  fire  to  Ov; 
adding  the  roots  tow  aids  the  end,  then  strain. 
Pharm.  E.)  It  is  possessed  of  stimulant  proper- 
ties, and  has  been  given  in  syphilitic,  cutaneous, 
and  rheumatic  affections.  The  resin  of  the  guaia- 
cum is,  however,  insoluble  in  water,  so  that  the 
guaiac  wood  in  it  cannot  be  supposed  to  possess 
much,  if  any,  effect.  The  Parisian  Codex  has  a 
Decoctum  de  Guyaco  Compos'itum  et  Pur- 
gans,  (F.)  Decoction  de  Gnync  Coinpose'e  el  pur- 
gative; Compound  purgative  Decoctionof  Gua- 
iacum- (Lign.  guaiac.  rasp.,  rod.  sarsap.  aa  5j, 
potass,  carbonat.  gr.  xxv.  .Macerate  for  twelve 
hours,  agitating  occasionally,  in  water  Oiv,  until 
there  remain  Oiij.  Then  infuse  in  it  fol.  senna 
5rij,  rhej.  gj,  Hi.ni.  sassafr.,  glycyrrh.  rad.  aa  gij, 
sem.coriand.%}.  Strain  gently,  suffer  it  to  settle, 
and  pour  off  the  clear  supernatant  liquor.)  The 
title  sufficiently  indicates  the  properties  of  the 
composition. 

Decoctum  Hjew atox'ym,  Decoction  of  Log- 
wood. (Hsematoxyl.  rasur.  ^j,  aquae  Oij.  Boil 
to  a  pint,  and  strain.     Pkarm.  U.  S ) 

Decoctum  Hki.leboki  Ai.bi,  D.  veratri — d. 
Kina?  kinse,  D.  Cinchonas. 

Decoctum  Hor'dei,  Decoctum  Hordei  Dis'- 
ticki,  Ptisana  Hippocrat'ica,  Tipsalria  or  Tap- 
sa'ria,  Aqua  Hordea'ta,  Barley  Water,  Dccoc' - 
turn  of  Barley.  (F.)  Decoction  d.'Orge,  Tisane 
Commune.  {Hard.  ff\\,  Aquae  Ojvss.  Wash  the 
barley  well,  boil  for  a  few  minutes  in  water  Oss: 
strain  this,  and  throw  it  away,  and  add  the  re- 
mainder, boiling.  Boilto  Oij, and  strain.  Pharm. 
L.)  It  is  nutritive  and  demulcent,  and  is  chiefly 
used  as  a  common  drink,  and  in  glysters. 

Uecoc'tum  Hordei  Compos'itum,  Decoctum 
pectora'le,  Ptisana.  commu'nis ;  Compound  Decoc- 
tion of  Barky,  (F.)  Decoction  d'Orge  composee. 
(Decoct,  hard.  Oij,  caricx  fried  concis.  gij,  gly- 
cyrrh. rad.  concis.  et  contus.  §ss,  uvarum  pass. 
demptis  acinis.  Sij,  aqwr  Oj.  Boil  to  Oij,  and 
strain.  Pharm.  L.)  It  has  similar  properties 
to  the  last. 

Decoctum  Kina;  Kina:  Compos'itum  et 
Laxans,  Decoction  de  quinquina  composee  et  lax- 
ative,- Compound  lax'atine  decoction  of  Cinchona. 
(Cort.  cinchon.  ?j,  aquas  Oij.  Boil  for  a  quarter 
of  an  hour,  remove  it  from  the  fire;  then  infuse 
in  it  for  half  an  hour,  /"<;/.  sennas,  sodas  sulpk  aa 
gij,  add  syrup,  de  senna  f.  ~j  )  Its  title  indi- 
cates its  properties. 

Decoctum  LicHe'nis,  Decoctum  Lichc'nis 
Jslan'dici;  Decoction  of  Liv'crwnrt.  (Lichen  5j, 
aquas  Oiss.  Boil  to  a  pint,  and  strain.  Pharm. 
L.)  It  consists  of  bitter  extractive  and  fecula, 
dissolved  in  water,  and  its  operation  is  tonic 
and  demulcent.  Dose,  f.  gj  to  giv.  It  is  also 
nutrient,  but  hardly  worthy  of  the  rank  of  an 
officinal  preparation. 

D ecoct u m  Li c, n on um,  D.  Guaiaci  compos'itum. 

Decoctum    Malva.   Compos'itum,  Decoctum 

pro  enem'ate,  Decoctum  commu'ne  pro  clyste're,- 

Compound  Decoction  of  Mallow,  (F.)  Decoction 


ilc  Mauve  composee.  (Malvae  exsirc.  5j,  anlhe- 
mid.  flor.  exsice.  5ss,  aqua  Oj.  B<>il  for  fifteen 
minutes,  and  strain. J  It  consists  of  bitter  ex- 
tractive, and  mucilage  in  water,  and  is  chiefly 
used  for  clysters  and  fomentations.  It  is  un- 
worthy a  place  in  the  pharmacopoeias. 

Decoctum  Mezerei,  D.  daphnis  mezerei — 
d.  Pectorale,  D.  hordei  compositum. 

Decoctum  Papat'eris,  Decoctum  pro  Fomen'- 
to,  Fotus  com  munis ;  Decoction  of  Poppy.  (  Papav. 
somnif.  capsul.  concis.  giv,  aquas  Oiv.  Boil  for 
fifteen  minutes, and  strain.  Pharm.  L.)  It  con- 
tains the  narcotic  principle  of  the  poppy,  and 
mucilage  in  water;  is  anodyne  and  emollient, 
and  employed  as  such  in  fomentation,  in  painful 
swellings,  ulcers,  &o. 

Decoctum  Poi.ygaljE  Senece,  D.  senerras. 
Decoctum  Quercus  Aubje,  D.  Quercus  Ho'- 
boris ;  Decoction  of  White  Oak  Bark.  (Quercus 
cort.  gj.  aquas  Oiss.  Boil  to  a  pint,  and  strain. 
Pharm.  U.  S.)  It  is  astringent,  and  used  as 
such,  in  injections,  in  leueorrhcea,  uterine  he- 
morrhage, &c,  as  well  as  in  the  form  of  fomen- 
tation to  unhealthy  ulcers. 

Decoctum  Sarsaparii/lje,  D.  Smilacis  Sar- 
saparillas;  Decoction  of  Sarsapurilla.  (Sarsa- 
paritl.  rad.  concis.  §iv,  aq.  fervent.  Oiv.  Mace- 
rate for  four  hours,  near  the  fire,  in  a  lightly 
covered  vessel:  then  bruise  the  root;  macerate 
again  for  two  hours  ;  then  boil  to  Oij,  and  strain. 
Pharm.  L.)  It  contains  bitter  extractive,  and 
mucilage  in  water;  is  demulcent,  and  has  been 
used,  although  it  is  doubtful  with  what  efficacy, 
in  the  sequela3  of  syphilis.  Dose,  f.  giv.  to  Oss. 
Decoctum  Sarsaparil'lje  Compos'itum; 
Compound  Decoction  of  Sarsaparil'la,  (F.)  D6- 
coc.lion  de  Salsapareille  Composee.  (Sarsaparill, 
concis.  et  contus.  gvj.  Sassafr.  Curt,  concis., 
Lign.  Guaiac.  rasur.;  Pad.  Glycyrrhiz.  contus. 
aa  J-j.  Mezerei,  concis.  giij;  Aquas.  Oiv.  Boil 
fifteen  minutes, and  strain.  Pharm. U.S.)  This 
is  considered  to  be  possessed  of  analogous  pro- 
perties to  the  celebrated  Lisbon  Diet-Drink, 
Decoc'tum  Lusitan'icum,  which  it  resembles  in 
composition.  , 

Decoctum  S  c  i  i.  l  je  ,  Decoction  of  Squill 
(Sciilas  giij,  juniper  giv,  senega  snake-root  giij, 
water  Oiv.  Boil  till  one  half  the  liquor  is  con- 
sumea;  strain,  and  add  spirit. of  nitrous  ether 
f.  t^iv.     Pharm.  A.)     Dose,  f.  gss. 

Decoctum  Sen'eg.*:,  D.  Polyg'alas  senegas,- 
Decoction  of  Senega.  ( Rad.  scneg.  ? j ,  aquas  Oiss. 
Boil  to  Oj.  and  strain.  Pharm.  L.)  It  is  re- 
puted to  be  diuretic,  purgative,  and  stimulant, 
and  has  been  given  in  dropsy,  rheumatism,  &c 
Decoctum  Smilacis  Sarsaparii.ea:,  D.  sar- 
saparillce — d.  Sudorificum,  D.  Guaiaci  composi- 
tum. 

Decoctum  Tarax'aci,  Decoction  of  Dande- 
lion. (Taraxac.  contus.  5ij;  aquas  Oij.  Boil 
to  a  pint  and  strain.  Ph.  U.  S. )  Dose,  f.  jfiss. 
Decoctum  Ut.mi,  D  Ulmi  Campcs'tris ,-  De- 
coction of  Elm  Bark.  (Ulmi  cort.  recent,  cont. 
"^'w,  aquae  Oiv.  Boil  to  Oij,  and  strain.  Pharm. 
L.)  It  is  a  reputed  diuretic;  and  has  been  used 
in  lepra  and  herpes;  but,  probably,  has  no  effi- 
cacy.    Dose,  f.  § iv.  to  Oss. 

Decoctum  Uvje  Uhsi,  Decoction  ofuva  ursi, 
(Uvas  ursi,  gj,  aquas  f.  gxx.  Boil  to  a  pint  and 
strain. — Ph.  U.  S.)     Dose,  f.  giss. 

Decoctum  VeRa'tri,  Decoctum  Hell  cU  ori  albi ; 
Decoction  of  While.  Hellebore.  (  Veratri  rad.  cont 
3J,  aqua  Oij,  spir.  rcct.  f.  gij.     Boil  the  watery 


DECOCTUM  ZITTMANN1 


233 


DEFLUXION 


decoction  to  Oj;  and,  when  it  is  cold,  add  the 
spirit.  Pharm.  L.)  It  is  stimulant,  acrid, 
and  cathartic;  but  is  used  only  externally.  It 
is  a  useful  wash  in  tinea  capitis,  psora,  &c. 
Should  it  excite  intense  pain  on  being  applied, 
it  must  be  diluted. 

Decoc'tum  Zittman'ni,  Zittmann's  Decoction. 
A  most  absurd  farrago,  extolled  by  Theden  in 
venereal  diseases,  the  formula  for  which,accord- 
ing  to  Jourdan,  "some  blockheads  have  lately 
reproduced  among  us  as  a  novelty."  It  is 
composed  of  Sarsaparilla,  pidvis  stypticus,  calo- 
mel, and  cinnabar,  boiled  in  water  with  aniseed, 
fennel  seed,  and  liquorice  root.  A  stronger  and 
a.  weaker  decoction  were  directed  by  Zittmann. 
Formulae  for  its  preparation  are  contained  in 
Jourdan's  Pharmacopoeia  Universalis;  and  in 
Lincke's  Vollstandiges  Recept— T aschenbuch 
Leipz.,  1841. 

Dl.COLLEMEKT,  (F )  Degludna'do,  Re- 
gludna'do,  (from  de  and  colter,  '  to  glue.')  The 
state  of  an  organ  that  is  separated  from  the 
surrounding  parts,  owing  to  destruction  of  the 
cellular  membrane  which  united  them.  The 
skin  is  decoll6e;  i.  e.  separated  from  the  subja- 
cent parts,  by  a  burn,  suhcutaneous'abscess,  &c. 

D/lCOLLEMEJVTDU  PLACEXTA  is  the  se- 
paration or  detachment  of  the  whole,  or  a  part  of 
the  placenta  from  the  inner  surface  of  the  ute- 
rus. Dccollement,  from  de,  '  from,'  and  collum, 
'  the  neck,'  obtrunca'tio,  also  means  the  separa- 
tion of  the  head  of  the  foetus  from  the  trunk,  the 
latter  remaining  in  the  uterus. 

DECOLORATION,  Decolora'tio,  Discolora'- 
do,  from  de,  'from,'  and  colorare,  'to  colour.' 
Loss  of  the  natural  colour. 

D&COMPOSEE,  (F.)  from  de,  '  from,'  and 
componere,  '  to  compose.'  Dccompo'sed,  Dis- 
solu'tus.  An  epithet,  applied  to  the  face,  when 
extensively  changed  in  its  expression  and  co- 
lour; as  in  the  moribund. 

DECORTICATION,  from  de,  'from,-  and 
cortex, '  bark.'  An  operation,  which  consists  in 
separating  the  bark  from  roots,  stalks,  &c. 

DECOS'TIS,  Jlpleu'ros,  from  de,  priv.,  and 
costa,  '  a  rib.'     One  who  has  no  ribs. 

DECREMENTUM,  Decline. 

DECRFITTUDE,  Dccrepilu'do,  JElas  de- 
crep'ita,  Ultima  senedtus,  from  decrep'itus,  (de, 
and  crepare,  '  to  creak,')  '  very  old.'  The  last 
period  of  old  age,  and  of  human  life;  which  or- 
dinarily occurs  about  the  eightieth  year.  It 
may, however,  be  accelerated  or  protracted.  Its 
character  consists  in  the  progressive  series  of 
phenomena,  which  announce  the  approaching 
extinction  of  life. 

DECUBITUS,  from  dccavibere,  (de,  and 
cuntbirc,  '  to  lie,')  '  to  lie  down.'  Lying  down. 
Assuming  the  horizontal  posture.  (F.)  Concher. 
llnrCi  decubitus,  'at  bed  time.'  The  French 
say — Decubitus  horizontal,  sur  le  dos,  sur  lecotc, 
for,  lying  in  the  horizontal  posture,  on  the  back 
or  side. 

DECURTATUS,  /utttvnot;,  or  ui'tovQitwv, 
from  de,  and  curtus,  'short,'  'shortened,  cur- 
tailed,' '  running  to  a  point.'  When  applied  to 
the  pulse,  it  signifies  a  progressive  diminution 
in  the  strength  of  the  arterial  pulsations,  which, 
at  last,  cease.  If  the  pulsations  return  and 
gradually  acquire  all  their  strength,  it  is  called 
"Pulsus  decurta'tus  rccip'rocus. —  Galen. 

DECUSSATION,  Decussu'tio,  Chias'mos,  In- 
cruciatio,  Interscc'tio,  liUricatu'ra,i'tom  dtcussis, 
16 


(that  is,  decern  asses,-)  also,  the  figure  of  the 
letter  X.  Union  in  the  shape  of  an  X  or  cross. 
Anatomists  use  this  term  chiefly  in  the  case  of 
the  nerves, — as  for  the  decussation  of  the  optic 
nerves, which  cross  each  other  within  thecranium. 

DECUSSO'RIUM,  from  decudo,  (de  and 
quaiio,)  '  I  shake  down.'  An  instrument  used, 
by  the  ancients,  for  depressing  the  dura  matter, 
and  facilitating  the  exit  of  substances,  effused 
on  or  under  that  membrane.  It  is  described  by 
Scultetus,  Pare,&c.    See  Meningophylax. 

DRDAIGNEVR,  Rectus  superior  oculi. 

DEDOLA'TION,  from  dcdolare,  (de,  and 
dolare.)  'to  cut  and  hew  with  an  axe.'  This 
word  has  been  used  by  surgeons  to  express  the 
action  by  which  a  cutting  instrument  divides 
obliquely  any  part  of  the  body,  and  produces  a 
wound  with  loss  of  substance.  It  is  commonly 
on  the  head,  that  wounds  by  dedolation  are  ob- 
served. When  there  was  a  complete  separa- 
tion of  a  portion  of  the  bone  of  the  cranium,  the 
ancients  called  it  Aposceparnis'mos. 

DEERBERRY,  Gaultheria. 

DEERFOOD,  Brasenia  hydropeltis. 

Dfi.FAlLLANCE,  Syncope. 

DEFECATION,  D.feca'tio,  from  de,  and 
faces,  'excrements.'  The  act,  by  which  the 
excrement  is  extruded  from  the  body.  Cacaf- 
do,  Excre'tio  alvi,  E  alvi'na,  E.  fecum  alvina'- 
rum,  Dejcctio  alni,Sccessio,  Expulsio  vel  Ejectio 
faicum.  The  faeces  generally  accumulate  in  the 
colon,  being  prevented  by  the  annulus  at  the 
top  of  the  rectum  from  descending  freely  into 
that  intestine.  In  producing  evacuations  in  ob- 
stinate constipation,  it  is  well,  therefore,  by 
means  of  a  long  tube,  to  throw  the  injection  up 
into  the  colon,  as  suggested  by  Dr.  O'Beirne. 

In  Pharmacy,  defecation  means  the  separation 
of  any  substance  from  a  liquid  in  which  it  may 
be  suspended.     See  Clarification. 

DEFECTIO  ANIMI,  Syncope. 

DEFENSI'VUM,  from  defendere,  (de,  and 
fendere,)  'to  defend.'  A  preservative  or  de- 
fence. The  old  surgeons  gave  this  name  to 
different  local  applications,  made  to  diseased 
parts,  for  the  purpose  of  guarding  them  from 
the  impression  of  extraneous  bodies,  and  parti- 
cularly from  the  contact  of  air. 
'  DEF'ERElNS.  from  defero,  (de,  and  ferre,) 
'1  bear  away,'  'I  transport.' 

Deferens,  V;  s,  or  ductus  deferens,  (F.)  Con- 
duit spermalique,  Conduit  deft  rent,  is  the  excre- 
tory canal  of  the  sperm,  which  arises  from  the 
epididymis,  describes  numerous  convolutions, 
and  with  the  vessels  and  nerves  of  the  testicle 
concurs  in  the  formation  of  the  spermatic  chord, 
enters  the  abdominal  ring  and  terminates  in  the 
ejaculatory  duct. 

DEFLECTENS,  Derivative. 

DEFLECTIO,  Derivation. 

DEFLORATION,  Stuprum. 

Deflora'tion,  Deftora'tio,  Devir gina' do ,  from 
defloresccre,  (de,  and  foreseen,)  'to  shed  flow- 
ers.' The  act  of  depriving  a  female  of  her 
virginity.  Inspection  of  the  parts  is  the  chief 
criterion  of  defloration  having  been  forcibly  ac- 
complished; yet  inquiry  must  be  made,  whether 
the  injury  may  not  have  been  caused  by  ano- 
ther body  than  the  male  organ.  Recent  deflo- 
ration is  infinitely  more  easy  of  detection  than 
where  some  time  has  elapsed. 

DEFLUXIO,  Catarrh,  Diarrhoea. 

DEFLUX'ION,   Defluiio,  Defluxus,  Catar'- 


DEFLUXUS  DYSENTERICUS  234 


DELIRIUM 


rhjsis,  Catar'rkns.  A  falling  down  of  hu- 
mours from  a  superior  to  an  inferior  part.  It 
is  sometimes  used  synonymously  with  inflam- 
mation. 

DEFLUXUS  DYSENTERICUS,  Dysentery. 

DEFORMATION,  Deforma'lio,  Cacomor'- 
phia,  Deform'itas,  Disfigura'tion,  Deform'ity,  In- 
form'itas,  (F.)  Difformile,  from  de,  and  forma. 
Morbid  alteration  in  the  form  of  some  part  of 
the  body,  as  of  the  head,  pelvis,  spine,  &c.  A 
deformity  may  be  natural  or  accidental. 

DEFRUTUM,  Vin  cuit,  from  defrutare,1  to 
boil  new  wine.'  Grape  must,  boiled  down  to 
one  half  and  used  as  a  sweetmeat. — Plin.  Colu- 
mell.    Isidor.     See  Rob. 

DEFUSIO,  Decantation. 

DEGENERATIO  ADIPOSA  CORDIS,  Ste- 
atosis cordis. 

DEGENERATION,  JYolheu'sis,  Nothi'a, 
from  dcgener,  '  unlike  one's  ancestors,'  {de, 
and  gcnvs,  'family,')  Degen'eracy,  (F.)  Abatar- 
dissement.  A  change  for  the  worse  in  the  inti- 
mate composition  of  the  solids  or  fluids  of  the 
body.  In  pathological  anatomy,  degeneration 
means  the  change  which  occurs  in  the  struc- 
ture of  an  organ,  when  transformed  into  a  mat- 
ter essentially  morbid  ;  as  a  cancerous,  or  tuber- 
cular, degeneration. 

Degenerescence  is,  by  the  French  pathologists, 
employed  synonymously  with  Degeneration. 

DEGENERESCENCE,  Degeneration. 

DEGENERESCENCE  GRA1SSEUSE  DU 
FOIE,  Adiposis  hepatica — d.  Granule  du  Rein, 
Kidney,  Bright's  disease  of  the. 

DEGLUTINATIO,  Decollemenl. 

DEGLUTITIO  DIFFJC'ILIS,  Dysphagia— 
d.  Impedita,  Dysphagia — d.  Lassa,  Dysphagia. 

DEGLUTITION,  Deglutif'io,  Catap'osis, 
from  de,  and  glutire,  '  to  swallow.'  The  act, 
by  which  substances  are  passed  from  the  mouth 
into  the  stomach,  through  the  pharynx  and  oeso- 
phagus. It  is  one  of  a  complicated  character, 
and  requires  the  aid  of  a  considerable  number 
of  muscles  ;  the  first  steps  being  voluntary,  the 
remainder  executed  under  spinal  and  involun- 
tary nervous  influence. 

DEGMOS,  Marsus:  (F.)  Morsure,—a  bite  in 
general,  from  duxrw, '  I  bite.'  A  gnawing  sen- 
sation about  the  upper  orifice  of  the  stomach, 
which  was  once  attributed  to  acrimony  of  the 
liquids,  contained  in  that  viscus. 

DEGORGEMENT,  Disgorgement. 

DUGOUT,  Disgust. 

DEGREE',  from  degri,  originally  from  gra- 
dus,  'a  step.'  Galen  used  this  expression  to 
indicate  the  qualities  of  certain  drugs.  Both 
he  and  his  school  admitted  cold,  waim,  moist, 
and  dry  medicines,  and  four  different  degrees 
of  each  of  those  qualities.  Thus,  Apium  was 
warm  in  the  first  degree,  Agrimony  in  the 
second,  Roche  Alum  in  the  third,  and  Garlic  in 
the  fourth.  Bedegar  was  cold  in  the  first.,  the 
flower  of  the  Pomegranate  in  the  second,  the 
Sempervivum  in  the  third,  Opium  in  the  fourth, 
&c.  The  French  use  the  term  degri.  to  indi- 
cate, 1.  The  intensity  of  an  affection:  as  a 
burn  of  the  first,  second,  third  degree,  &c. 
2.  The  particular  stage  of  an  incurable  disease, 
as  the  third  degree  of  phthisis,  cancer  of  the 
stomach,  &c. 

DE  GUSTATION,  Degvsta'lio,  from  de,  and 
gustare,  '  to  taste.'  Gustation.  The  apprecia- 
tion of  sapid  qualities  by  the  gustatory  organs. 


i      DEICTICOS,  Index. 

DEIRONCUS.  Bronchocele. 

DEJECTIO  ALVI,  Defecation— d.  Alvina, 
Excrement 

DEJECTION,  from  dejicere,  dejectum,  (de, 
and  jaccre,)  '  to  cast  down,'  Dejectio,  Subdudtio, 
Hypago'gg,  Hypochore'sis,  The  expulsion  of 
the  faces.  Also,  a  faecal  discharge  : — generally, 
however,  with  alvine  prefixed,- — as  an  ahinc 
Dejection,  Deiectio  alvi'na,  Ejedtio,  Eces'tio. 

DEJECTORIUM  KEMEDIUM,  Cathartic. 

DELACHRYMATIO,  Epiphora. 

DELACHRYMATIVUS,  Apodacryticus. 

DELAPSIO,  Prolapsus. 

DELAPSUS  PALPEBRJE,  Blepharoptosis. 

DELATIO,  Indication. 

DE'LAYANTS,  Diluentia. 

DELETE'RIOUS,  Pernicio'sus,  (F.)  Perni- 
cieux,  from  6);Xao,  '  I  injure.'  That  which  pro- 
duces destructive  disorder  in  the  exercise  and 
harmony  of  the  functions. 

DELETERIUM,  Poison. 

DEL1GATIO,  Ligature,  see  Bandage. 

DELIGA'TION,  Deliga'tio,  Epidei'sis,  Deli- 
gatu'ra,  Yul'neruni  deliga'tio,  Fascia'rum  Ap- 
plica'tio,  Plaga'rum  lirtclu'ra,  Fascia'tio,  from 
deligare,  (de,  and  ligo,)  '  to  bind.'  The  deliga- 
tion  of  wounds  formerly  embraced  the  applica- 
tion of  apparatus,  dressings,  &c, — the  denomi- 
nation Deliga'tor  Plaga'rumbe\ng  synonymoug 
with  Medicus  Vulnera'rius,  and  in  derivation, 
with  the  Wundarzt,  'wound  physician,'  or 
surgeon,  of  the  Germans.  Deligation  is  hardly 
ever  used  now  as  an  English  word.  In  France, 
it  is  applied  to  the  regular  and  methodical  ap- 
plication of  bandages,  and  to  the  ligature  of 
arteries. 

DELIQUES'CENT,  from  deliquescere,  (de, 
and  liquescere,)  'to  melt,'  'to  dissolve.'  Any 
salt  which  becomes  liquid  by  attracting  mois- 
ture from  the  air.  The  deliquescent  salts  re- 
quire to  be  kept  in  bottles,  well  stopped.  Chlo- 
ride of  lime,  acetate  of  potassa  and  carbonate 
of  potassa  are  examples  of  such  salts.  The  an- 
cient chemists  expressed  the  condition  of  a  body, 
which  had  become  liquid  in  this  manner,  by  the 
word  Deliquium. 

DEL1QU1UM  AN1MI,  Syncope. 

DELIRANS,  Delirious. 

DELIRANT,  Delirious. 

DELIRATIO,  Delirium. 

DELIRE,  Delirium — d.  Crapuleux,  Delirium 
tremens—  d.  Tremblanl,  Delirium  tremens. 

DELIR1A,  Insanity. 

DELIR'IOUS.  Same  etymon  as  Delirium, 
Deli'rans,  Excerebra'tus,  Allochoos,  Alie'nus, 
raving,  (F.)  Dclirant.  One  who  is  in  a  state 
of  delirium.  That  which  is  attended  by  deli- 
rium. The  French  use  the  term  Fievre  perni- 
cieuse  d'elirante  for  a  febrile  intermittent,  in 
which  delirium  is  the  predominant  symptom. 

DELIR'IUM,from  rfe.'from,'  and  lira,  'a  ridge 
between  two  furrows:'  Parac'opS,  Phreni'us, 
Phkdoni'a,  Dcsipien'tia,  Paraphros'yne,  Emo'tio, 
Lews,  ).tQog.  Paranaa,  Alloph'asis,  Dclira'lio, 
(F.)  Delire,  Egaremenl  d' esprit,  &c.  Transport, 
Idcosynrhysie.  Straying  from  the  rules  of  rea- 
son ;  wandering  of  the  mind.  Hippocrates  used 
the  word  [tan*.,  mania,  for  delirium  sine  febre, 
and  the  Greek  words  given  above  for  delirium 
cum  febre.  In  different  authors, also,  we  find  the 
words,  Paraph' ora,  Paraph' rotes,  Paraphrene'sis, 
Paraphrenia,  Phrendsis,  Phreneliasis,  &c,  for 


DELIRIUM  EBRIOSITATIS 


235 


DEMOT1VUS  LAPSUS 


different  kinds  of  delirium.  Delirium  is  usually 
symptomatic. 

Dklikium  Ebriositatis,  D.  tremens — d.  Epi- 
leptic, see  Epilepsy — d  Furiosum,  Mania — d. 
Maniacurn,  Mania — d.  Potatorum,  D.  tremens — 
d.  Tremifaciens,  D.  tremens. 

Delirium  Seni'lk,  Senile  Insanity.  The  in- 
sanity of  the  aged, — a  form  of  moral  insanity,  in 
which  the  whole  moral  character  of  the  indivi- 
dual is  changed. 

Delirium  Tremens,  Jtfa'nia  a  Potu,  (Enoma'- 
nia,Ma'nia  e  tcmulenliu,  D.  potato' rum,  D.  ebri- 
ositu'tis,  D.  tremifa'cicns,  D.  vig"ilans,  Ercthis'- 
mus  ebriose'rum,  Dipsoma'nia,  Meningi'tis  seu 
Phreni'lis  potato' rum,  (F.)  Enctphalopathie  era- 
puleuse,  Delire  tremblant,  D.crapukux,  Folic  lies 
Ivrognes.  A  state  of  delirium,  and  agitation, 
peculiar  to  those  addicted  to  spirituous  liquors, 
with  great  sleeplessness.  It  is  preceded  by  in- 
disposition, lassitude,  watchfulness,  headache, 
and  anorexia,  the  delirium  and  tremors  most 
commonly  recurring  in  paroxysms.  It  is  caused 
by  the  habitual  and  intemperate  use  of  ardent 
spirits  or  opium  or  tobacco;  or  rather  by  aban- 
doning them  after  prolonged  use.  The  treatment 
is  various.  Many  have  regarded  stimulants, 
with  large  doses  of  opium  to  induce  rest,  to  be 
indispensable.  It  is  certain,  however,  that  the 
expectant  system  will  often,  if  not  generally, 
be  successful,  and  it  is  probable,  a  cure  effected 
in  this  manner  will  be  more  permanent  than 
when  produced  by  excitants. 

DELITESCENCE,  see  Repercussion. 

DEL1VRANCE,  (F.)  An  expression,  which, 
in  common  language,  signifies  the  action  of  de- 
livering, libera'tio,  but,  in  the  practice  of  ob- 
stetrics, means  the  extrusion  of  the  secundines, 
either  spontaneously  or  by  the  efforts  of  art. 
This  completion  of  delivery — partus  secunda'- 
rias,  secundum' rum  expui'sio  vel  exlrac'tio,  is 
produced  by  the  same  laws  as  the  expulsion  of 
the  foetus.  Sometimes,  the  after-birth  follows 
the  child  immediately  ;  at  others,  it  is  retained ; 
and  requires  manual  interference  to" remove  it. 
The  following  are  the  chief  cases  in  which  this 
becomes  necessary.  ].  Intimate  adhesion  be- 
tween the  placenta  and  parietes  of  the  uterus. 
2.  Spasmodic  contraction  of  the  orifice  of  the 
uterus.  3.  Hour-glass  contraction.  4.  Torpor 
or  hemorrhage  after  the  expulsion  of  the  child, 
and, — 5.  Insertion  of  the  placenta  at  the  orifice 
of  the  uterus. 

DELIVERY,  FALSE,  False  water. 

DllLIVRE,  Secundines. 

DELOCATIO,  Luxatio. 

DELt'HIN'IUM  CONSOLTDA,  from  dttyts, 
or  dtAziv,  'a  dolphin,'  which  the  flowers  resem- 
ble. Calcitrup'pa.  Consul  ida  Rega'lis,  Branch- 
ing Larkspur.  Family,  Ranunculaces.  Sex. 
Syst.  PolyandriaTrigynia.  (F.)  Pied,  d'aloucttc 
des  champs.  It  has  been  employed  as  a  vermi- 
fuge. The  flowers  have  been  used  in  ophthal- 
mia, and  the  seeds  have  the  same  property  as 
those  of  Staresacre. 

Delphin'ium  Staphisa'gria.  The  sys- 
tematic name  of  the  Staves'acrc,  Staphisagria, 
Phtlairoc'tonum,  Phthci'riu/ii,  Staphis,  Pcdicula'- 
ria,  (F.)  Staphisaigre,  lierbe  aux  Poux,  Dauphi- 
nclle.  The  seeds  have  a  disagreeable  smell ;  a 
nauseous,  bitterish,  hot  taste;  and  are  cathartic, 
emetic,  and  vermifuge  :  owing,  however,  to  the 
violence  of  their  operation,  they  are  seldom 
given  internally,  and  are  chiefly  used  in  powder, 


mixed  with  hair  powder,  to  destroy  lire.  The 
nctive  principle  of  this  plant  has  been  separated, 
and  received  the  name  Delpliinia.  It  is  ex- 
tremely acrid,  and  has  been  recently  used,  like 
veratria,  in  tic.  douloureux,  paralysis  and  rheu- 
matism. It  is  used  in  the  form  ai'  ointment., 
or  in  solution  in  alcohol,  (gr.  x  to  xxx,  or  more, 
to  ^j.^  applied  exterrfally. 

DKLPHYS,  Uterus,  Vulva. 

DELTA.  Vulva. 

DELTIFORMIS,  Deltoid. 

DELTOID,  Delloi'dcs,  Delto'des,  Deltiform'is, 
from  the  Greek  capital  letter  A,  SiXrz,  and  tidog, 
'  resemblance.'  Sous-acromio-clavi-hume'ral  of 
Dumas;  sus-acromio-Uumeral  of  Chaussier.  A 
triangular  muscle  forming  the  fleshy  part  of 
the  shoulder,  and  covering  the  shoulder-joint. 
It  extends  from  the  outer  third  of  the  clavicle, 
from  the  acromion  and  spine  of  the  scapula,  to 
near  the  middle  and  outer  part  of  the  os  hu- 
meri, where  it  is  inserted  by  means  of  a  strong 
tendon.  This  muscle  raises  the  arm  directly 
upwards,  when  the  shoulder  is  fixed,  and  car- 
ries it  anteriorly  or  posteriorly,  according  to  the 
direction  of  the  fibres,  which  are  thrown  into  ac- 
tion. If  the  arm  be  rendered  immovable,  the  del- 
toid acts  inversely  and  depresses  the  shoulder. 

DEM  EL  MUCA.  A  name  given  by  Pros- 
per Alpinus  to  a  cerebral  disease,  which,  he 
sa3Ts,is  proper  to  Egypt.  He  considers  it  to  be 
inflammation  of  the  brain;  but  others  describe 
it  as  a  pernicious  intermittent. 

DElMAJVGEAISOJV,  Itching. 

DEMANUS,  Acheir. 

DEMEJYCE,  Dementia. 

DEMEiN'TIA,  Amentia,  Fatu'itas,  (q.  v.) 
Ana' a,  Ecnoz'a,  Paranm'a,  Mo'ria  demens,  JYoas- 
therdct;  from  de,  '  from,'  or  '  out  of,'  and  mens, 
'mind,' or  '  reason.'  (F.)  Dimence,  Belisc.  In 
common  parlance,  and  even  in  legal  language, 
this  word  is  synonymous  with  insanity.  Phy- 
sicians, however,  have  applied  it  to  those  cases 
of  unsound  mind  which  are  characterized  by  a 
total  loss  of  the  faculty  of  thought,  or  by  such 
an  imbecility  of  intellect  that  the  ideas  are  ex- 
tremely incoherent, there  being  at  the  same  time 
a  total  loss  of  the  power  of  reasoning.  Mania 
and  melancholia  are  apt  to  end  in  this,  if  possible, 
more  deplorable  state.  Dotage  is  the  Dementia  of 
the  aged — Mo'  ria  demens  lere'  ma,Lcre'  ma,Anii'  itas. 

DEMI,  Semi — d.  Bain,  Seinicupium —  d. 
ipineux,  Semi-spinalis  colli — d.  Epinenz  du 
dos,  Semi-spinalis  dorsi — d.  Gantelet,  Gantelet 
— d.  Interosseux  du  pouce,  Flexor  brevis  polli- 
cis  manus — d.  Lunairc,  Semi-lunar — d.  Mem- 
braneux,  Semi-membranosus  —  d.  Orbicularis, 
Orbicularis  oris — d.  7enrfincMx,Semi-tendinosus. 

DEM1SSOR,  Catheter. 

DEMONOMA'JNIA,  Daemonoma'nia,  Enthco- 
ma'nia,  from  datuwv, '  demon,'  a  spirit  of  good  or 
evil,  and  fiuvia,  '  madness.'  Religious  insanity. 
A  variety  of  madness,  in  which  the  person  con- 
ceives himself  possessed  of  devils,  and  is  in  con- 
tinual dread  of  malignant  spirits,  the  pains  of 
hell,  &c. 

DEM'ONSTRATOR,  from  demonstrare,  '  to 
show;'  'exhibit.'     One  who  exhibits. 

Dem'onstrator  of  Anat'omy.  One  who  ex- 
hibits the  parts  of  the  human  body.  A  teacher 
of  practical  anatomy. 

DEMOTI'VUS  LAPSUS,  Rcpenli'na  mors, 
from  demovere,  (dc,  and  mnvere,)  '  to  move  off,' 
'  remove,'  and  lapsus,  '  a  fall.'     Sudden  death. 


DEMULCENTS 


23G 


DENTELE  jUYTERIEUR  PETIT 


DEMUL'CENTS,  Demulcen'tia,  Invnken'lia, 

Obvolventia,  from  demulcere,  (dr..  and  mulcere,) 
'■  lo  sooth,'  '  lo  assuage,'  (F.)  Jldoucissant.  Me- 
dicines supposed  to  be  capable  of  correcting 
certain  acrid  conditions  imagined  to  exist  in 
the  humours.  Substances  of  a  mucilaginous  or 
saccharine  nature  belong  to  this  class.  Demul- 
cents may  act  directly  on  the  parts  with  which 
they  come  in  contact;  but  in  other  cases,  as  in 
catarrh,  their  effect  is  produced  by  contiguous 
sympathy  ; — the  top  of  the  larynx  being  soothed 
by  them  first,  and  indirectly  the  inflamed  por- 
tion of  the  air-passages.  In  diseases  of  the 
urinary  organs,  they  have  no  advantage  over 
simple  diluents — Siee  Diluents  and  Emollients. 
The  following  are  the  chief  demulcents: — Aca- 
cia; Gummi;  Althsnre  Folia  et  Radix;  Amygdalae; 
Amylum;  A  vena?  Farina;  Cera;  Celaceum;  Cy- 
doniffi  Semina;  Fucus  Crispus;  Glycy  rrhiza ; 
Hordeum;  Lichen;  Linum;  Olivje  Oleum;  Sas- 
safras Medulla;  Sesamum;  Sevum;  Tragacan- 
thn,  and  Ulmus. 

DEMUSCULA'TUS.from  dc,  and  musculus, 
'  a  muscle.'  (F.)  Dicharnt.  Emaciated,  devoid 
of  flesh. 

DENA'RIUS;  a  Roman  coin,  equal  in  value 
to  about  10  cents,  or  8  pence  English.  It  was 
marked  with  the  letter  X,  to  signify  10  asses. 

Also,  the  7th  part  of  the  Roman  ounce. 

DENDROLIBANUS,  Rosmarinus. 

DENGUE,  Dingee,  Dunga,  Dandy,  Bouquet 
and  Bucket  Fever,  Rheumatis' mus  febri'lis,  Scar- 
lati'na  rhevmat'ica,  Exanthe'sis  ajthrt/sia,  Erup- 
tive articular  fever,  E  rheumatic  fever.  A  dis- 
ease, which  appeared  in  the  years  1627  and 
1823,  in  the  West  Indies,  and  in  the  southern 
states  of  North  America.  It  was  extremely 
violent  in  its  symptoms,  but  not  often  fatal.  It 
usually  commenced  with  great  languor,  chilli- 
ness, and  pain  in  the  tendons  about  the  smaller 
joints.  To  these  symptoms  succeeded  burning 
heat  and  redness  of  the  skin,  pains  in  the  mus- 
cles of  the  limbs  or  in  the  forehead,  with  vo- 
miting or  nausea.  The  fever  continued  for 
one,  two,  or  three  days,  and  usually  terminated 
by  copious  perspiration.  In  different  places,  it 
put  on  different  appearances;  but  seems  in  all 
to  have  been  a  singular  variety  of  rheumatic 
fever.  The  usual  antiphlogistic  treatmenL  was 
adopted,  and  successfully. 

DEN1ACM,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  De- 
niach  is  a  village  in  Swabia,  at  the  entrance  of 
the  Black  Forest.  The  waters  contain  carbonic 
acid,  carbonate  of  iron,  carbonate  of  lime,  sul- 
phate of  magnesia,  and  carbonate  of  soda. 

DENIGRATIO,  from  denigrare,  (de.  and 
niver,)  'to  become  black.'  The  act  of  be- 
coming black,  as  in  cases  of  sphacelus,  sugilla- 
tion,  <&e. 

DENS,  Tooth — d.  Leonis,  Leontodon  taraxa- 
cum— d.  Sapientioe,  see  Dentition — d.  Sophro- 
reticus,  sec  Dentition  —  d.  Sophronista,  see 
Dentition — d.  Sophronister,  see  Dentition. 

BENT,  Tooth — d.  dc  Sagesse,  see  Dentition. 

DENTAGOGUM,  Dentagra. 

DEN'TAGRA,  Den'ticeps,  Dentar'paga,  Ben- 
tidu'eiun,  Dentid 'uluni,  Dentago' gum,  Denta'lis 
forfex,  Forfx  denta'ria,  Odon'tagra,  Otlontairo'- 
gon,  from  dins,  'a  tooth,'  and  ctyQ*.,  'a  seizure.' 
(F.)  Dtivicr.     A  tooth-forceps. 

DENTAL,  Benta'lis,  Denta'rius,  from  dens, 
'a  tooth.'     That  which  concerns  the  teeth. 

Dental  Arches,  (F.)  Arcades  dentaires,  are 


the   arches  formed  by  the  range  of  alveoli  in 
each  jaw. 

Dental  Ar'teries  are  those  arteries  which 
nourish  the  teeth.  They  proceed  from  several 
sources.  The  teeth  of  the  upper  jaw,  e.  g., 
receive  their  arteries  from  the  infraorbital-  and 
superior  alveolar, — themselves  branches  of  the 
internal  maxillary.  The  teeth  of  the  lower  jaw 
receive  their  branches  from  the  infeiior  c/ctitul 
or  inferior  maxillary,  which  is  given  off,  by  the 
interna]  maxillary  and  runs  through  the  dental 
canal,  issuing  at  the  mental  foramen,  after 
having  given  numerous  ramifications  to  the 
teeth  and  jaw. 

Dental  Canals,  (F  )  Conduits  dentaires, 
Max' Mary  canals.  The  bony  canals,  through 
which  the  vessels  and  nerves  pass  lo  the  inte- 
rior of  the  teeth. 

Dental  Cak'tilage.  Cartila'go  denta'lis. 
The  cartilaginous  elevation,  divided  by  slight 
fissures,  on  the  biting  margins  of  the  gums  in 
infants,  prior  to  dentition.  Jt  is  a  substitute 
for  the  teeth. 

Dental  CAv'rrr,  (F.)  Cavilc  dentairc.  A 
cavity  in  the  interior  of  the  teeth  in  which  is 
situate  the  dental  pulp. 

Dental  Foi/i.icle,  (F.)  Follic'ulus  Dentis, 
Cap'sulu  dentis,  Follicule  dentaire.  A  membra- 
nous follicle,  formed  of  a  double  lamina,  in 
which  the  teeth  are  contained  before  they  issue 
from  the  alveoli,  and  which,  consequently,  aids 
in  the  formation  of  the  alveolo-dental  periosteum, 
and  of  the  membrane  that  envelops  the  pulp  of 
the  teeth.  The  dental  follicles  are  lodged  in 
the  substance  of  the  jaws. 

Dental  GANr,RENE,  Caries  Den'tium,  Odon- 
ta!g"ia  carlo's a,  A'eero' sis  Den'tium.  (F.)  Carie 
des  Denis.  Gangrene  or  caries  of  the  teeth. 
See  Caries. 

Dental  Nerves.  (F.)  Ncrfs  dentaires. 
Nerves  which  pass  to  the  teeth.  Those  of  the 
upper  incisors  and  canine  are  furnished  by  the 
infra-orbitar  nerve,  a  branch  of  the  superior 
maxillary;  and  those  of  the  tnolares  by  the 
trunk  of  the  same  nerve.  The  teeth  of  the 
lower  jaw  receive  the  nerves  from  the  inferior 
maxillary,  which,  as  well  as  the  superior  max- 
illary, arises  from  the  oth  pair. 

Dental  Pulp,  Pal  pa  Dentis,  Germen  denta'le. 
(F.)  Pulpe  dentaire.  A  pultaceons  substance, 
of  a  reddish-gray  colour,  very  soft  and  sensible, 
which  fills  the  cavity  of  the  teeth.  It  is  well 
supplied  with  capillary  vessels. 

Dental  Suhgeon,  Dentist. 

Dental  Veins  have  a  similar  distribution 
with  the  arteries. 

DENTALIS,  Odontoid— d.  r*orfex,  Dentagra. 

DENTA'LIUM,  from  dens,  'a  tooth,'  "the 
dog-like  tooth  shell.  A  genus  of  shells  in  the 
shape  of  a  tooth.  They  formerly  entered  into 
several  pharmaceutical  preparations,  but  were 
useless  ingredients;  consisting — like  shells  in 
general — of  carbonate  of  lime  and  celatin. 

DE.XT.UIL1,  Anthemis  Pyrclhrum,  Plum- 
bago Europsa. 

DENTARIUS,  Dentist. 

DENTA  HP  A  GA,  Dentagra. 

DENTELARIA.  Plumbago  Europsea. 

DENTELE  ANTERIEVR,  PETIT,  Pectoralffl 
minor — d.  Grand,  Serratus  magnus — d.  Pos'ti- 
rieur  ct  inferieur,  petit,  Serratus  posticus  infe- 
rior— d.  Supcrieur,  petit,  Serratus  posticus  su- 
perior. 


DENTES 


237 


DENT1UM  CORTEX 


DENTES,  Teeth,  see  Tooth— d.  Angulares, 
Canine  teeth — d.  Canini,  Canine  teeth — d.  Co- 
lumellares,  Canjne  teeth — d.  Ctenes,  Incisive 
teeth— d.  Cuspidati,  Canine  .teeth— d.  Dichas- 
teres,  Incisive  teeth — d.  Gelasini,  Incisive  teeth 
— d.  Incisores,  Incisive  teeth — d.  hactei,  see 
Dentition — d.  Daniarii,  Canine  teeth— d.  Mo- 
lares..  Molar  teeth — d.  Mordentes,  Canine  teeth 
— d.  Oculares,  Canine  teetli — d.  Primores,  In- 
cisive teeth — d.  Rasorii,  Incisive  teeth — d.  Se- 
rotini,  see  Dentition — d.  Sophronistae,  see  Den- 
tition—  d.  Sophronisteres,  see  Dentition  —  d. 
Tomici,  Incisive  teeth. 

DENTICEPS,  Dentaora. 

DENTICULA'TUM,  (Ligamerrfum,)  diminu- 
tive of  dens,  'a  tooth.'  A  slender  cord,  situate 
between  the  anterior  and  posterior  fasciculi  of 
the  spinal  nerves,  and  between  the  tunica  arach- 
noidea  and  pia  mater.  It  is  attached  to  the  dura 
mater,  where  that  membrane  issues  from  the 
cranium,  and  accompanies  the  spinal  marrow 
to  its  inferior  extremity.  It  sends  off,  from  its 
outer  edge,  about  20  slender  processes,  in  the 
form  of  denticuli,  each  of  which  is  fixed  by 
minute  fibres  to  the  dura  mater  in  the  inter- 
stices of  the  fasciculi. 

DENT1CULUM,  Dentaara. 

DENTICULUS,  Crena. 

DENT1DUCUM,  Dentagra. 

DEjVTIER,  (F.)  from  dens,  •' a  tooth,'  Den- 
ture. A  set  or  row  of  teeth,  mounted  on  metal 
or  ivory,  to  be  adjusted  to  the  alveolar  margin. 
Dentiers  are  simple  or  double.  To  the  latter, 
the  name  Rateliers  is  given,  i.  e.  to  the  full  set. 

DENTIFORM,  Dentiform' is,  from  dens,  '  a 
to«th,'  and  forma,  'form.'  Resembling  a  tooth 
in  shape. 

DENTIFORMIS,  Odontoid. 

DENTIFRICE,  Denlifrid'ium,  Tooth  pow- 
der, Orion  totrim' ma,  Oduntosmeg'ma,  from  dens, 
*  a  tooth,'  and  fricare,  '  to  rub;'  a  name,  given 
to  different  powders  and  pastes  proper  for 
cleansing  the  enamel  of  the  teeth,  and  removing 
the  tartar  which  covers  them.  Powdered  bark, 
and  charcoal,  united  to  any  acidulous  salt— as 
cream  of  tartar — form  one  of  the  most  common 
dentifrices. 

Ekctuaire  ou  Opiate  Dentifrice,  of  the  Codex, 
consists  of  coral  ^iv,  cuttlefish  bones  and  cinna- 
mon aa  ^ij.  cochineal ^ss,  honey  5[x,  alum  gr.  iv 
or  v. 

Poudre  Dentifrice  of  the  Parisian  Codex  is 
composed  of  Bole  Armeniac,  red  coral,  [pre- 
pared,] and  cuttlefish  bones,  aa  gvj,  dragon's 
blood  gjiij,  cochineal  gj,  cream  of  tartar,  gix,  cin- 
namon J^ij,  clones,  gr.  xij,  well  mixed. 

Charcoal  finely  powdered  and  mixed  with 
chalk  forms  as  good  a  dentifrice  as  any. 

DENTINE,  see  Tooth. 

DENTISCAL'PIUM,  from  dens,  'a  tooth,' 
and  scalper e, '  to  scrape,'  Odonto'glyphum.  This 
word  has  been  applied  to  the  instrument  used 
for  scaling  the  teeth;  to  the  toothpick,  (F.) 
Cure-dent;  and  to  the  gum  lancet,  (q  v  )—  the 
dechaussoir  of  the  French. 

DENT'IST,  Dcnta'rius,  Dental  Surgeon,  Sur- 
geon-Dentist.  One  who  devotes  himself  tn  the 
study  of  the  diseases  of  the  teeth,  and  their 
treatment. 

DENTISTRY,  Dental  Surgery,  Odontotech'- 
ny.    The  art  of  the  dentist. 

DEN  TIT"!  ON,  DcnW'tio,  Odontophy'ia,  Teeth- 


ing, Odont.i'asis,  from  dent/re,  '  to  breed  feeth.' 
The  exit  of  the  teeth  from  the  alveoli  and  gums; 
or  rather  the  phenomena  which  characterize  the 
different  periods  of  their  existence.  The  germs 
of  the  first  teeth,  denies  laclei  or  milk  teeth,  (F.) 
dents  de  lail,  are  visible  in  the  foetus  about  the 
end  of  the  second  month;  and  they  begin  to  be 
ossified  from  the  end  of  the  third  to  that  of  the 
sixth  month.  At  birth,  the  corona  of  the  inci- 
sors is  formed,  but  that  of  the  canine  is  not 
completed;  and  the  tubercles  of  the  molares 
are  not  yet  all  united.  Gradually  the  fang  be- 
comes developed;  and  at  about  0  or  8  months 
begins,  what  is  commonly  called,  the  first  den- 
til" ion,  Odon'tia  dentitio'nis  lac  tun' limn.  The 
two  middle  incisors  of  the  lower  jaw  commonly 
appear  first;  and,  some  time  afterwards,  those 
of  the  upper  jaw;  afterwards,  the  two  lateral 
incisors  of  the  lower  jaw;  and  then  those  of 
the  upper,  followed  by  the  four  anterior  mo- 
lares: the  canine  or  eye-teeth,  at  first,  those  of 
the  lower,  and  afterwards,  those  of  the  upper 
jaw  next  appear;  and,  subsequently  and  suc- 
cessively, the  first  4  molares  —  2  above  and  2 
below,  1  on  each  side.  The  whole  number  of 
the  primary,  temporary,  deciduous,  shedding, 
or  milk-teeth,  {denies  tempora'rii,)  (F.)  Dents  de 
hit,  is  now  20. 

The  second  denti"tion  or  shedding  of  the  teeth, 
odon'tia  dentitio'nis  pucri'lis,  begins  about  the 
age  of  6  or  7.  The  germs  or  membranous  folli- 
cles of  these  second  teeth — to  the  number  of  32 
— as  well  as  the  rudiments  of  the  teeth  them- 
selves, are  visible,  even  in  the  foetus,  with  the 
exception  of  those  of  the  small  molares,  which 
do  not  appear  till  after  birth.  They  are  con- 
tained in  alveoli  of  the  same  shape  as  those  of 
the  first  dentition.  Their  ossification  com- 
mences at  from  3  to  6  months  after  birth,  in  the 
incisors  and  first  molares;  at  8  or  nine  months 
in  the  canine;  about  three  years,  in  the  mo- 
lares, 3^  in  the  second  great  molares,  and 
about  10  years  in  the  last.  As  the  alveolus  of 
a  new  tooth  becomes  gradually  augmented,  the 
septum  between  it  and  that  of  the  correspond- 
ing milk  tooth  is  absorbed,  and  disappears.  The 
root  of  the  milk  tooth  is  likewise  absorbed;  its 
corona  becomes  loose  and  falls  out,  and  all  the 
first  teeth  are  gradually  replaced  by  the  perma- 
nent teeth,  Denies  serol'ini.  This  second  den- 
tition becomes  necessary  in  consequence  of  the 
increased  size  of  the  jaws.  The  new  teeth 
have  neither  the  same  direction  nor  the  same 
shape  as  the  old;  and  they  are  more  numerous; 
amounting,  till  the  age  of'  25  (sooner  or  later,) 
to  28.  About  this  period,  a  small  molaris  ap- 
pears at  the  extremity  of  each  jaw,  which  is 
called  Dens  sapientiis  or  wisdom  tooth,  Dens 
serotinus,  Dens  sophrorcl'icus,  D.  sophronis'ta, 
D.  sophronis'ter,  (F.)  Jirrihe  dent,  Dent  de 
sagesse,  making  the  whole  number  of  perma- 
nent teeth  32.  During  the  period  of  dentition, 
i.  e.  of  the  first  dentition,  the  infant  is  especially 
liable  to  disease.  The  irritation,  produced  by 
the  pressure  of  the  tooth  on  the  superincum- 
bent, gum,  sometimes  occasioning  pyrexia,  con- 
vulsions, diarrhoea,  &c,  which  symptoms  are 
often  strikingly  relieved  by  a  free  division  of 
the  distended  gum.  This  disordered  condition 
is  called  teething,  Odon'tia  dentitio'nis,  Odonti'- 
asis,  Odontalgia  dentitio'nis,  Odaxis'mus. 

DENTIUM  CORTEX,  Enamel  of  the  teeth 
— d.  Dolor,  Odontalgia— d.  JNitor,   Enamel   of 


DENTOIDEUS 


238 


DEPURATORY 


the  teeth— d.  Scalptura,  (Lancing  the  gums,) 
see  Gum  lancet. 

DENTOIDEUS,  Odontoid. 

DEA'TS  BICUSPIDliES,  Bicuspid  teeth— 
d.  Col  des,  Collum  dentium — d.  Cono'ides,  Ca- 
nine teeth — d.  de  Lait,  see  Dentition — d.  Ma- 
ckeliercs,  Molar  teeth— r/.  Molaires,  Molar  teeth 
— d.  Multiruspidces,  Molar  teevh,  great — d. 
(Eillieres,  Canine  teeth. 

DEXTURE,  Dcntier. 

DEN U DA'TlON,Denuda'tio,  Gymno'sis, from 
de?iudare,  (de,  and  nudare,)  'to  lay  bare.'  Con- 
dition of  a  part,  deprived  of  its  natural  cover- 
ings, whether  by  wounds,  gangrene,  or  abscess. 
It  is  particularly  applied  to  the  bones,  when  de- 
prived of  their  periosteum,  and  to  the  teeth 
when  they  lose  their  enamel  or   dental  sub- 

DEOB'STRUENT,  Dcob' strums,  Dephrac'- 
ticum,  Deoppi'lans,  Deoppilati'vum,  Etpkradtic, 
from  de,  and  obslruere,  (ob,  and  struere,)  'to  ob- 
struct.' (F.)  Desobstruant,  Dhobstructif,  Des- 
opilalif, Desopilant.  Medicines,  given  with  the 
view  of  removing  any  obstruction.  The  word 
corresponds  to  aperient,  in  its  general,  not  in  its 
■particular  sense.  It  is  now  almost  abandoned, 
and,  when  used,  conveys  by  no  means  definite 
ideas. 

DEOPPILATIVUM,  Deobstruent. 

DEPAUPERATUS,  Impoverished. 

DEPERDITIO,  Abortion. 

DEPHRACTICUM,  Deobstruent. 

DEP1LATIF,  Depilatory. 

DEPILATIO,  Alopecia— d. Capitis,  Calvities. 

DEPILA'TION,  Depila'tio,  Vropacis'mus, 
Made,  sis,  Madi'sis,  Psilo' sis,  from  de,  and  pilus, 
'  hair.'  Loss  of  hair,  either  spontaneously  or 
by  art. 

DEPIL'ATORY,  Depilalo'rmm,  Dropax,  Psi- 
lo'thron,  Ectillot' icus,  Epilato'rium.  (F.)  De- 
pilatoire,  Dcpilatif.  Any  thing  which  causes 
the  loss  of  the  hair.  Depilatories  are,  usually, 
caustic  applications,  in  which  quicklime  or 
some  other  alkaline  substance,  sulphuret  of 
iron,  &c,  enters. 

Depilatory,  Comet's,  seems  to  consist  of 
quicklime  and  a  portion  of  svlphuret  of  potassa. 
A  pitch  plaster  i*  sometimes  used  as  a  depilatory. 
It,  of  course,  pulls  the  hair  out  by  the  roots. 

DEPLETION,  Deple'lio,  from  depleo, '  I  un- 
load.' The  act  of  unloading  the  vessels,  by 
blood-letting, and  the  differentevacuants.  Also, 
inordinate  evacuation. 

DEPLETORY,  Depleting;  having  relation 
to  depletion : — as '  a  depletory  or  depicting  agent.' 

DEPLUMATIO,  Fttlo'sis,  from  deplumis, 
(de  and  pluma,)  '  without  feathers.'  A  disease 
of  the  eyelids,  in  which  they  are  swollen,  and 
He  eyelashes  fall  out.     See  Madarosis. 

DEPOSIT,  Feculence. 

DEPOT,  Abscess,  Sediment — d.  Laiteuse  sur 
la  Cuisse,  Phlegmatia  dolens — d.  de  l'1  Urine, 
Sediment  (of  the  urine.) 

DEPRAVATION,  Deprava'tio,  from  pravus, 
'bad.'  Perversion, corruption; — as  depravation 
of  the  Inste.  i'tc. 

DEPREHENSIO,  Diagnosis,  Epilepsy. 

DEPRES'SION,  Depressio,  from  deprimere, 
depressum,  (de  and  premere,)  'to  depress;'  Es- 
phlasis.  In  Anatomy,  it  means  an  excavation, 
hollow,  or  fossa.  \n  Surgery,  it  is  applied  to  a 
fracture  of  the  cranium,  in  which  the  portions 
of  fractured  bone  are  forced  inwards;  (F.)  Sub- 


grondation,  Entablement,-  called,  also,  Campsis 
Dcpres'sio,  T/tlasis  Depres'sio.  Depression,  (IP.) 
Maissement,  also,  means  Couching. — See  Cata- 
ract. • 

DEFRESSOIRE,  Meningophylax. 

DEPRES'SOR,  (F.)  Maisseur.  Same  ety- 
mon. Several  muscles  have  been  so  termed, 
because  they  depress  the  parts  on  which  they 
act. 

Depressor  Alte  Nasi,  D.  labii  superio'ris 
alscque  nasi,  Incisi'vus  me'dius,  Myrlifor'mis, 
Depressor  Labii  superio'ris  proprius,  Constiic- 
to' res  ala'rum  nasi  ac  ilepresso'res  la'bii  superio- 
ris — Maxillo-alvioli-nasab — part  of  the  labialis 
(Ch.,)  (F.)  Abaisseur  de.  Vaile  du  nez.  It  arises 
from  the  superior  maxillary  bone  immediately 
above  the  junction  of  the  gums  with  the  two 
incisor  and  canine  teeth;  and  passes  upwards 
to  be  inserted  into  the  upper  lip  and  root  of  the 
ala  nasi,  which  it  pulls  downwards. 

Depressor  An'guli  Onis,  Triangula' ris,  De- 
pressor labio'rum  commu'nis,  Depressor  labia- 
rum, — Sousmaxillo- labial ,  Maxillo-labial  (Ch.) 
(F.)  Maisseur  de  iangle  des  levres  ou  .Muscle 
Triangulaire.  A  muscle,  situate  at  the  lower 
partof  the  face.  Its  form  is  triangular.  It  arises 
from  the  outer,  oblique  line  on  the  lower  jaw- 
bone, and  terminates  in  a  point  at  the  commis- 
sure of  the  lips,  which  it  pulls  downwards. 

Depressor  La'bii  Inferio'ris;  Quadra'tus, 
Quadra'tus  menti ,  Depressor  labii  inferio'ris  pro- 
prius,— Mentonnicr -labial,  Mento-labial,  (Ch.)  (F.) 
Carre  du  Menton,  Hoiijipe  du  Menton,  Abaisseur 
de  la  tecre  inferieure.  A  small,  thin,  and  quad- 
rilateral muscle,  which  arises  from  the  external 
oblique  line  of  the  lower  jaw,  and  ascends  to 
the  lower  lip,  where  it  becomes  confounded 
with  the  orbicularis  oris.  It  pulls  the  lower 
lip  downwards  and  outwards. 

Depressor  Labii  Superioris  Proprius,  D. 
Alae  nasi— d.  Labiorum  communis,  D.  Anguli 
oris — d.  Oculi,  Rectus  inferior  oculi. 

Depressor  Pal'perr.'e  Inferio'ris.  A  fleshy 
bundle,  which  forms  part  of  the  palpebralis  mus- 
cle. Heister  describes  it  separately,  but  it  is 
not  admitted  now. 

DEPRESSOR1UM,  Menin<rophylax. 

DEPR1MENS  AURICULA,  Retrahens  au- 
ris — d.  Maxillae  biventer,  Digastricus— d.  Oculi, 
Rectus  inferior  oculi. 

DEPURAN'TIA,from  depurare,  (de,  and  pu- 
rws,)  '  to  purify.'  (F.)  Dipuratifs.  Medicines 
were  formerly  so  called,  which  were  supposed 
to  possess  the  properly  of  removing,  from  the 
mass  of  blood  or  humours,  those  principles 
which  disturbed  their  purity;  and  of  directing 
them  towards  some  one  of  the  natural  emunc- 
tories.  The  juices  of  what  were  called  anti- 
scorbutic herbs,  sulphur,  and  many  other  medi- 
cines were  ranked  under  this  class. 

DJiPURATIFS.  Depurantia. 

DEPURATION.  Same  etymon.  Catharis'- 
mos,  Manila' tio.  In  Pathology,  depuration  has 
been  used  for  the  process  by  which  nature  puri- 
fies the  animal  economy,  either  by  the  agency 
of  some  eruptive  disease,  or  some  spontaneous 
evacuation,  or  by  the  assistance  of  medicine. 
See  Clarification. 

DEP'UliATORY.  Same  etymon.  Depura- 
to'rius.  That  which  causes  depuration,  as  the 
urinary  and  cutaneous  depurations.  Applied, 
also,  to  diseases,  which  have  been  considered 
capable  of  modifying  the  constitution  advan- 


DERADEN1TIS 


239 


DESMEDION 


tageously,  by  acting  on  the  composition  of  the 
iluids — such  as  certain  eruptions,  interrnittents, 
&c.  The  word  is,  also,  appropriated  to  medi- 
cines and  diet,  by  which  the  same  effect  is 
sought  to  be  induced. 

DERADENITI8,  from  SiQV,  'neck;'  aSrjv,  <a 
gland;'  and  ids,  denoting  inflammation.  In- 
flammation of  the  glands  of  the  neck. 

DERANENCEPHA'LlA,from  dc^,  <  neck," 
and  ancncepha'/ia,  'absence  of  brain.'  A  mon- 
strosity in  which  only  a  small  portion  of  the 
brain  exists,  resting  on  the  cervical  vertebra; — 
more  properly  derencepha'lia. 

DERANGEMENT,  Insanity. 

DERBIA,  Impetigo. 

DERENCEPHALIA,  Deranencephalia. 

DEREiNCEPH'ALUS,  from  8sgn, '  the  neck,' 
and  xt9^f/,  'head.'  A  monster  whose  brain  is 
in  the  neck. — G.  St.  Hilaire. 

DERIS,  Cutis. 

DERI  VANS,  Derivative. 

DE'RIVATIF,  Derivative. 

DERIVATION,  Dcriva'tio,  Defiec'tio,  Pan- 
chetcu'&is,  Revulsion,  from  r/e,and  ri vus,  'a river.' 
When  a  '  centre  of  fluxion'  is  established  in  a 
part,  for  the  purpose  of  abstracting  the  excited 
vital  manifestations  from  some  other,  a  deriva- 
tion is  operated. 

The  term  Derivation  has  likewise  been  ap- 
plied to  the  section  power  of  the  heart,—  an  im- 
portant agency  in  the  circulation  of  the  blood. 

DERIVATIVE,  Defied  tens,  Deri' vans,  horn 
derivare, '  to  drain  oft,'  Jintisjms'dc,  Revellent,  Re- 
vulsive. (F.)  Dirivatif,  Revulsif.  Same  etymon. 
A  remedy, which  by  producing  a  modified  action 
in  some  organ  or  texture  derives  from  the  morbid 
condition  of  some  other  organ  or  texture.  Re- 
vellents  are  amongst  the  most  important  of  re- 
medies; they  include,  indeed,  every  physical 
and  moral  agent,  which  is  capable  of  modifying 
the  function  of  innervation,  and  therefore 
almost  every  article  of  the  materia  medica. 
The  following  is  a  list  of  the  chief  local  Deriva- 
tives. 


1.  ErisiMSTics. 
Acidum  Aceticum, 

Nitricum, 

Sul|ihuricum, 

Allium  Sutivum, 

Ammonia, 

Ammoniacum, 

Asafcetida, 

Capsicum, 

Galbanum, 

Olea  Essentialia, 

Pix  Abietis, 

Sinapis, 

Caloric, 

Friction. 

2.  Vesicants. 
Ammonia, 
Argenti  Nitras, 
Cantharis, 

Vittata, 

Hydrargyri  lodidum 

rubrum, 
Ranuneulue, 
Sinapis, 
Caloric. 

3.  Stppurants. 
Acida  Mineralia, 
Aritimonii  et  Potassa; 
Tartras, 


Cantharis, 

Mezereum, 

Pix  Abietis, 

Sabina, 

Tiglii  Oleum, 

Fonticulus, 

Setaceum. 

4.  Escharotics. 

a.  Erodents. 
Acidum  Aceticum, 
Acida  Mineralia, 
Alumen  Exsiccatum, 
Argenti  Nitras, 
Cupri  Acetas, 

Sulphas, 

Sabina, 

Saccharum  Purissimum, 

b.  Actual  Cauterants. 

Caloric    VV1,itMH°n  Ir0"' 
3  Moxa, 

c.  Potential  Cauterants. 
Acidum  Arseniosum, 

Nitricum, 

Sulphuricum, 

Antimonii  Murias, 
Argenti  Nitras, 

Calx, 

Potassa, 

cum  Calce. 


DERMA,  Cutis. 

DERMAL'GIA,  from  S^Ua,  'the  skin,'  and 
*<; oj, 'pain.'  Pain  in  the  skin.  Neuralgia  of 
the  skin.     Rheumatic  Dermalgia  or  Rheumatism 


of  the  skin,  is  a  form  of  neuralgia,  which 
is  referred,  at  times,  to  the  nervous  trunks, 
muscles,  &c,  but  appears  to  be  seated  in  the 
cutaneous  nerves. 

DERMATAGRA,  Pellagra. 

DERMATITIS,  Cytitis,  Erysipelatous  in- 
flammation. 

DER'MATOID,  Dermatol' des,  from  diQ/ua, 
'  the  skin,'  and  sidog,  '  form.'  That  which  is 
similar  to  the  skin.  This  name  is  given  to  dif- 
ferent tissues,  which  resemble  the  skin.  The 
dura  mater  has  been  so  called  by  some. 

DERMATOL'OGY,  Dermatolog"ia,DermoF- 
ogy,  from  Stop*,  ' the  skin,' and  loyog,  'a  dis- 
course.'    A  discourse  or  treatise  of  the  skin. 

DERM  ATOLYLUS.  Callosity. 

DERMATOS1ES  VEROLEUSES, Syphilides. 

UERMATIATRY  A,Diadermiatri'a,i'iom5epua, 
'  the  skin,'  and  larpsta,  '  the  healing  art.'  The 
treatment  of  disease  through  the  skin. 

DERM1TIS,  Cvtitis. 

DERMOG'RAl;fiY,  Dermograph'ia,  from  <?so- 
/ua, '  the  skin,'  and  ypacpw, '  I  describe.'  An  ana- 
tomical description  of  the  skin. 

DERMOH^E'MIA,  from  dsofta, '  skin,'  and 
laty.a,  '  blood.'  Hypersemia  or  congestion  of 
the  skin. 

DERMOID,  Dermoides,  Dermo'des,  from  Sto- 
/jta,  '  the  skin,'  and  tidog,  'form.'  Resembling, 
in  consistence,  texture,  and  configuration,  the 
skin: — as  dermoid  texture,  applied  to  mucous 
membranes,  <&c. 

DERMOLOGY,  Dermatology. 

DERMO-SYPHlLIDIES.Syphilides. 

DERMOT'OMY,  Dermotom'ia,  from  SeQfia, 
'the  skin,' and  %euveir,  'to  cut.'  The  part  of 
anatomy  which  treats  of  the  structure  of  the 
skin. 

DERODYMUS,  Dicephalus. 

DERONCUS,  Bronchocele. 

DERTRON.  This  word,  which  is  used  by 
Hippocrates,  signified,  according  to  some,  the 
omentum  or  peritoneum,  but  according  to  others, 
the  small  intestine.     See  Epiploon. 

DISARTICULATION,  (F.)  from  rfe,and  ar- 
tidulus,  '  a  joint.'  Disjointing.  A  word  used 
to  express  the  part  of  the  operation,  in  ampu- 
tation at  an  articulation,  which  consists  in  di- 
viding the  ligaments,  and  separating  the  arti- 
cular surfaces.  The  word  has,  also,  been  used 
for  that  kind  of  anatomical  preparation,  the  ob- 
ject of  which  is  to  separate  the  different  bones 
of  the  skeleton,  and  especially  those  of  the 
head. 

DESCALORIJYESES,  from  de,  'from,'  and 
calor, '  heat.'  A  name  given  by  Baumes  to  dis- 
eases which  are  characterized  by  diminished 
heat. 

DESCEJYTE,  Hernia— d.  de  la  Matrice,  Pro- 
cidentia uteri. 

DESECTUS,  Castratus. 

DASEJYFLURE,  Ditumescence. 

DESICCATIO,  Draining. 

DESICCATION.  Drying. 

DESICCATl'VA,  Siccan'tia,  Exsiccati'va, 
from  desiccare,  (de,  and  siccare,)  '  to  dry  up.' 
(F.)  Dcssiccatifs.  Remedies,  which,  when  ap- 
plied externally,  dry  up  the  humours  or  mois- 
ture from  a  wound. 

DES1PIENTIA,  Delirium. 

DES'MA,  Dcs'me,  Desmos.  A  bandage,a  li- 
gament, (q.  v.)     Hence: 

DESMEDION,  Fasciculus. 


DESMOCHAUNOSIS 


240 


DEVOIEMENT 


DESMOCHAUNO'SIS,  from  Struts,  '  liga- 
ment,'and  xawwatc,  'relaxation.'  Relaxation 
of  an  articular  ligament. 

DESMOG'RAPHY,  Desmograph'ia,  from 
ica/Aog, '  a  ligament,'  and  yQatpij, '  a  description.' 
An  anatomical  description  of  the  lio-aments. 

DESMOID  TISSUE,  (Staftog,  'a  ligament,' 
and  eidog,  'shape.')  Ligamentous  Tissue.,  Tex- 
tus  desmo'sus,  This  tissue  is  very  generally 
diffused  over  the  human  body;  has  a  very  close 
connexion  with  the  cellular  tissue,  and  is  con- 
tinuous with  it  in  divers  places.  It  consti- 
tutes the  lio-aments,  and  aponeuroses,  &c. 

DESMOL'OGY.  Desmolog"ia,  from  deofl0g, 
'a  ligament,'  and  loyog,  '  a  discourse,'  '  a  trea- 
tise.' That  part  of  anatomy  which  describes 
the  ligampnts. 

DESMOPH'LOGY,  Desmophkg"ia,  from  isa- 
fioi;,'a.  ligament,'  and  tpXoytog,  'inflamed.'  In- 
flammation of  the  ligaments. 

DESMORRHEXvlS,  from  Siauoc,  'a  liga- 
ment,' and  Qtji-iq,  'rupture.'  Rupture  of  an  ar- 
ticular ligament. 

DESMOS,  Ligament. 

DESMOT'OMY,  Desmolom'in:  from  diouoc, 
'a  ligament,'  and  rturtiv,  'to  cut.'  The  part 
of  anatomy  which  teaches  the  mode  of  dissect- 
ing the  lio-aments. 

DESOBSTRUANT,  Deobstruent. 

DkSOBSTRUCTIF,  Deobstruent. 

DESOPILATIF,  Deobstruent. 

DISORGANISATION,  Disorganization. 

DESOXYGENESES.  M.  Baumes  includes 
under  this  title  an  order  of  diseases,  which 
he  considers  dependent  upon  a  diminution  in 
the  quantity  of  the  oxygen  necessary  for  the 
animal  economy.  ' 

DESPOTATS.  (F.). Infirm  soldiers, formerly 
charged  with  the  office  of  removing  the  wounded 
from  the  field  of  battle :  perhaps  from  dcsporta'- 
tor,  'one  who  bears  away.'  The  class  of  Des- 
potats  was  introduced  by  Leo  VI.,  at  the  com- 
mencement of  the  9th  century. 

DESPUMA'TION,  Despuma'tio,  Apaphris'- 
mos,  Epapltris'mos,  from  despvmure,  (de,  and 
spuma,)  'to  skim,'  'to  remove  the  froth.'  The 
separation  of  the  froth  and  other  impurities, 
which  rise,  by  the  action  of  the  fire,  to  the  sur- 
face of  any  fluid. 

DESQUAMATION,  Desquama'tio  Cutis, 
Eclep'isis,  Aposyr'ma,  from  desquamate,  (de,  and 
squama,)  'to  scale  off.'  -Exfoliation,  (q.  v.)  or 
separation  of  the  epidermis,  in  the  form  of 
scales,  of  a  greater  or  less  size.  This  affection 
is  a  common  consequence  of  exanthematous 
diseases. 

DESQUAMATOR1US,  Exfoliative. 

DESSECHEMENT.  Atrophy,  Draining 

DESS1CCA TIES,  Desiccati va. 

DEST1LLATIO,  Coryza— d.  Pectoris,  Ca- 
tarrh. 

DESUDA'TIO,  Eplndro'sis,  Sudam'ina,  Hi- 
dro'u,  from  desudnre,  (de,  and  sudare  )  De.su- 
dation  means  a  profuse  and  inordinate  sweating; 
but,  most  commonly,  the  term  is  applied  to  an 
eruption  of  small  pimples,  similar  to  millet  seed, 
which  appears  chiefly  on  children,  and  is  owino- 
to  want,  of  cleanliness. 

DASYMPHYSER,  see  Symphyseotomy. 

DETENTIA,  Catalepsy. 

DETERGENS,  Abstergent. 

DETER'GENTS,  from  detergere,  (de,  and 
tergere,)  'to  cleanse.'     Detergen'tia,  Absterge*'- 


tia,    Smec'lira,     Emwndah'tia,     Mundifi 
Rlnjp'tica,  (F.)   Delersifs,  Mondificatifs.     Medi- 
cines, which  possess  the  power  to  deterge  or 
cleanse  wounds,  ulcers,  &c.     They  belong  to 
the  class  of  stimulants,  or  to  that  of  emollients. 

DETEHS1FS,  Detergents. 

DETESTATIO,  Castratio. 

DETORSE,  Sprain. 

DETRI'TUS,  from  deter  ere,  (de,  and  te.rere,) 
'to  bruise  or  wear  out.'  The  inorganic  resi- 
duum, occupying  the  place  of  the  organic  tex- 
ture of  parts  which  have  undergone  disorgani- 
zation. 

DETROIT  A BDOMINALE,  Pelvis  (brim)— 
d-  Infcrieur,  Pelvis  (outlet)—  d  Perineal,  Pel- 
vis (outlet) — d.  Supirieur,  Pelvis  (brim  ) 

DtlTRONCATION,  Detruncatio 

DETRUNCATION,  Detrune.u' tin ,  (F.)  De- 
troncation,  from  de,  and  truncus,  'a  trunk.'  Sepa- 
ration of  the  trunk  from  the  head  of  the  fcetus, 
the  latter  remaining  in  the  uterus 

DETRU'SOR  URITLETrom  dcirvderc,  (de, 
and  trudere,)  'to  thrust  out.'  The  muscular 
coat  of  the  urinary  bladder  was  formerly  so 
called.  It  was,  also,  named,  Constrictor  Vesi'cx 
Urina'iise. 

DETUMESCENCE,  (F.)  Detumescen'tia, 
from  de  turn  ere,  (de,  and  tumere,)  '  to  cease  to 
swell.'  A  diminution  of  swelling.  This  word 
has  nearly  the  same  signification  as  the  French 
word  Dcsenflure.  The  latter  is,  however,  more 
particularly  applied  to  the  diminution  of  oede- 
ma or  anasarca;  the  other,  to  the  resolution  of 
a  tumour  properly  so  called. 

DEUNX.  The  ancient  name  of  a  weight  of 
1 1  ounces,  supposing-  the  pound  to  consist  of  12. 

DEURENS  (FEBRIS,)  Causus. 

DEUTERA,  Secundines. 

DEUTERl'A,  from  SevitQog,  'the  second.' 
Vogel  has  used  this  term  for  the  symptoms 
produced  by  retention  of  the  secundines.  The 
word  was  also  applied,  by  the  Greeks,  to  a 
second  or  inferior  wine. 

DEUTEROPATHI'A,  Mor'bus  seconda'rius, 
from  dtvrtQoc,  'the  second,'  and  ttuSqc,  'dis- 
ease.' A  secondary  disease.  One  produced  by 
another,  and  of  which  it  is  only,  in  some  mea- 
sure, symptomatic,  or  the  sympathetic  effect. 

DEUTO,  SiVTipoc,  'second.'  A  prefix  de- 
noting two  or  double, — as  deutoxide,  having  two 
degrees  of  oxidation. 

DEVELOPMENT,  from  (F.)  devehpper,  'to 
unfold.'  In  Physiology,  it  means  growth  or 
increase;  and  in  Pathology,  its  signification  is 
similar.  By  development  of  the  pulse,  e.  g. 
is  understood  an  increase  in  its  strength  and 
fulness. 

DEVIATION,  Devia'tio,  from  de, <  from,'  and 
via,  '  the  way.'  Out  of  the  way.  By  this  word 
is  meant — a  vicious  curvature  of  the  spine  or 
other  bones; — faulty  direction  of  the  teeth  or 
other  part: — the  passage  of  blood,  bile,  urine, 
milk.  &c.  into  vessels  not  natural  to  them,  &c. 

DEVIATION  DES  RtGLES,  Menstruation 
(Vicarious.) 

DEVIL  IN  A  BUSH.Nigella. 

DEVIL  BIT,  Veratrum  viride. 

DEVIL'S  BIT,  Aletris  farinosa,  Scabiosa 
succisa. 

DEVIL'S  BITE.  Liatris. 

DEVIL'S  DUNG,  Asa  feet  i  da. 

DE  VIRGIN  ATIO.  Defloration,  Sluprum. 

DEVOIEMENT,  Diarrhoea. 


DEWBERRY,  AMERICAN 


241 


DIACHYLON  CUM  GUMMI 


DEWBERRY,  AMERICAN,  see  Rubus  cae- 
sius — (I.  Flant,  Rubus  coesius. 

DEWCLAWS,  Crusla  genu  equina. 
DEXOCARDTA;  from   dittos,  'right,'  and 
xinnha,  '  the  heart.'    A  case  in  which  the  heart 
is  found  to  beat  on  the  right  side.     It  is  met 
with  in  pleurisy  and  pneumothorax. 

DEX'TANS.  A  weight  of  10  ounces,  sup- 
posing the  pound  to  consist  of  12. 

DEXTRINE,  from  Dexter,  'right-handed.' 
So  called,  from  its  refracting  the  rays,  in  the 
polarization  of  light,  more  to  the  right  hand 
than  any  substance  known.  A  substance  ob- 
tained by  the  continued  action  of  diluted  sul- 
phuric acid  upon  starch  at  the  boiling  point. 
It  is  used  in  the  treatment  of  fractures"  by  the 
"immovable  apparatus."  The  bandages  are 
soaked  in  a  solution,  in  water,  of  the  dextrine 
— previously  moistened  thoroughly  with  tinc- 
ture of  camphor,  to  prevent  it  from  leaking 
when  the  water  is  added.  The  solution  should 
be  of  the  consistence  of  molasses. 

DI,  Si,  Sic,  'bis,  twice,  double.'  Hence,  Di- 
crotus,  Digastricus,  &.c. 

D1A,  Sia,  in  composition,  'through,  asunder, 
out  of,  separated.'  When  prefixed  to  any  thera- 
peutical agent,  it  meant,  in  ancient  pharmacy, 
a  preparation  into  which  that  atrent  entered. 
DIABEBOS,  Astragalus,  Malleolus. 
DlABkTE  CHYLEUX,  Chyloria— d.  Faux, 
Diabetes — d.  Insipide,  Diabetes — d.  Sucree,  Dia- 
betes (mellitus.) 

DIABE'TES,  from  Sta,  'through,'  and  /Ww, 
'  1  pass.'  Uri'nse  proflu'vium,  Sip/io  urinse,  Uror- 
rhag"ia,  Polyu'ria,  Hydrops  ad  mat'ulam,  H. 
MateFlx,  Puli/ure'sis,  Dip'sacos,  Diarrhoea  in 
Urind,  (F.)  Diabete,  Flux  d Urine.  A  disease, 
characterized  by  great  augmentation  and  ma- 
nifest alteration  in  the  secretion  of  urine;  with 
excessive  thirst,  and  progressive  emaciation. 
Cullen  has  described  two  species-' — Diabetes 
insip'idus  and  D.  Melli'tus,  (F.)  Diabete  faux 
ou  insipide,  ct  Diabete;  the  former  being,  sim- 
ply, a  superabundant  discharge  of  limpid  urine, 
of  its  usual,  urinary  taste;  the  latter: — the  D. 
Melli'tus,  called,  also,  Paru'ria  Melli'ta,  Dia- 
betes An'glicus,  D-  verus,  Melitu'ria,  Glucosu'ria, 
■  Dkt  hi  su'ria,Dyspep' sia  saccharig" '  etui,  Jlpoceno' sis 
Diabetes  Mellitus,  Diabete  sucre,  Hyper iirorrhee 
saccharine,  Phthisurie  sucree, — falls  under  the 
definition  given  above.  The  quantity  of  urine, 
discharged  in  the  24  hours,  is  sometimes  ex- 
cessive, amounting  to  30  pints  and  upwards: 
and  each  pint  containing  sometimes  2£  oz.  of 
saccharine  matter.  This  replaces  the  urea; 
which  is  not  found  in  quantity  in  the  urine  of 
those  labouring  under  diabetes.  Where  the  dis- 
ease is  situate  is  not  clear.  The  whole  system 
of  nutrition,  however,  seems  to  be  morbidly 
implicated.  A  part  of  the  urine  must  be  formed 
at  the  expense  of  the  system,  as  the  egesta 
frequently  far  exceed  the  solid  and  liquid  in- 
gesta.  On  dissection,  no  morbid  appearance  is 
met  with,  sufficient  to  enable  us  to  fix  on  the 
6eat  of  this  distressing  affection. 

All  the  remedies  that  have  been  tried  have 
usually  been  found  insufficient  in  D.  Melli- 
tus. D.  insip'idus,  Hyperure'sis  aquo'su,  Ily- 
dru'ria,  Hydrure'sis,  Paru'ris  incon'tinens 
aquo'sa,  Diabc'lcs  spu'rius,  Ui  orrha'u ,  (F.)  Po- 
lyurie,  Hyperurrorrhcc,  Diabete  insipide,  Faux 
diabete,  which  occurs  in  hysterical  habits,  and 
ijas,  hence,  been  called  D,  hystericus,  is  of  com- 


paratively trifling  moment.  Exclusive  diet, and 
attention  to  the  state  of  the  cutaneous  transpi- 
ration, which  have  sometimes  produced  good 
effects  in  D.  Mellitus,  have  most  commonly 
failed. 

Diabf.tes  Ciivlosus,  Chyluria — d.  Lactea, 
Chyluria — d.  Spurious,  see  Diabetes — d.  Verus, 
Diabetes  (mellitus.) 

DIABOT'ANUM.  from  Sta,  and  ^ortxvn,  'an 
herb.'  A  medicine,  prepared  witii  herbs. — 
Galen. 

DIABROSIS,  Erosion,  Corrosion. 
DIABROT'ICUS,  from  St»,  and  (Squoxw,  'I 
eat  or  corrode.'  A  substance,  capable  of  causing 
erosion  of  the  part  to  which  it  is  applied.  It 
ordinarily  means  a  medicine,  whose  activity 
places  it  between  escharotics  and  caustics.  See 
Corrosive. 

DICAR'YON,  from  Sia,  and  y.aovor,  '  a  nut.' 
Dob  nucum.    The  rob  of  nuts  or  of  walnuts. 

DIACASSIA  CUM  MANNA,  Confeclio 
cassis. 

DIACATHOL'ICON,  Diacathol'icum,  from 
Sta,  and  xuSoXiy.oc,  'universal.'  The  name  of  a 
purge,  so  called  from  its  general  usefulness.  It 
was  an  electuary,  and  composed  of  the  pulp  of 
cassia,  tamarinds,  leaves  of  senna ,  root  of  poly- 
pody, flowers  of  the  violet,  rhubarb  ro'ut,  aniseed, 
sugar,  liquorice,  and  fennel. 

DIACAU'SIS,  from  Sicmavio,  'I  burn.'  Ex- 
cessive heat.     Over-heating. 

DIACAUS'TIC.  Same  etymon.  Diacaus'- 
ticus.  That  which  is  caustic  by  refraction;  as 
a  double  convex  lens,  which  has  been  some- 
times used  for  cauterizing  an  ulcer  by  directing 
the  sun's  rays  upon  it. 

DIACELTATESSON  PARACELSI,  Pulvis 
Cornachini. 

DIACHALA'SIS,  from  Siaxaiauv,  'to  be  open 
or  relaxed.'  Hippocrates  uses  this  word  for 
fracture  of  the  bones  of  the  skull-  or  for  relax- 
ation and  separation  at  the  sutures,  in  conse- 
quence of  a  wound  of  the  head. — Hippocrates. 

DIACHALCIT'EOS,  from  Sia,  and  /uAk-tic, 
'chalcitis  or  colcothar.'  A  plaster,  whose  com- 
position is  the  same  as  that  of  the  diapalma,  ex- 
cept that,  in  place  of  the  sulphate  of  zinc,  a 
mixture  of  oil  and  colcothar  is  substituted. 

DIACHEIRIS'MOS,  Tractaftio  maviia'ria; 
from  Sta,  and  /ciq,  'the  hand.'  The  preparation, 
administration,  and  dispensing  of  medicines. — 
Hippocrates. 

DlACHORE'MA,  Diachore'sis,  from  Sia/onzoi, 
'I  separate  from.'  Every  kind  of  excreted  mat- 
ter and  excretion;  but  more  particularly  the 
freces  and  alvine  excretion — Foesius,  Gorrseus. 
See  Excrement. 

DlACHORESIS,  Excretion. 
DIACHR1SIS,  Inunction. 
DIACHRISTA,  from  Sta,  and  /qiw,  'I  anoint.' 
Medicines,  applied  as  abstergents  to  the  velum 
palati,  the  palate  itself,  the  tongue,  &c.     Pro- 
bably crarales — Paulus  of  vEsrina. 

DIACH'YLON  or  DIACH'YLUM,  from  S,a, 
and  /vloc,  'juice;'  i.  e.  composed  of  juices. 
The  plaster  of  this  name  was  formerly  made  of 
certain  juices.  The  term  is  now  confined  to 
the  Emplastrum  Plumbi  or  Lead  Plaster. 

Diachylon  cum  Gi'mmi,  Emplastrum  gum- 
mosum — d.  Gommi,  Emplastrum  cum  gummi- 
resinis — d.  Gum,  Emplastrum  gnmmosum — d. 
Magnum  cum  gummi,  Emplastrum  galbani 
comp. — d.   Simplex,  Emplastrum   plumbi — d. 


DIACHYTICA 


242 


DIAPALMA 


White,  Emplastram  plurnbi— d.  Yellow,  Em- 
plastrnm  giimmosum. 

DIAOHYT'ICA,  from  Sia,  and  xvw,  :I  pour 
out.'     Medicines,  which  discuss  tumours. 

DIACINE'MA,  from  Sia,  and  tavern, '  I  move.' 
A  slight  dislocation.— Celsus,  Galen.  A  sub- 
luxation. 

DIACLYSMA,  Gargarism. 

DIACOCCYMEEON,  Diaprunum. 

DIACODION,  Syru|ius  papaveris. 

DIACO'DIUM,   Confec'tio  ex  Capitibus  Pa- 
pdv'eris;   from  Sia,  and  y.wSia,  'a  poppyhead. 
(P.)  Diacode.     The  ancients  had  various  forms 
for  preparing  it.    The  Syrup  of  Poppies— Syru- 
pus  Paparferis — is  now  substituted  lor  it. 

DIACOPE,  Abscission,  Dissection,  Intersec- 
tion. 

Diac'opI,  En'cope,  from  Sia,  and  »onxuv, ' to 
cut.'  A  cut.  incision,  fissure,  or  longitudinal 
fracture.  When  used,  since  Galen,  it  gene- 
rally signifies  an  oblique  incision,  made  in  the 
cranium  by  a  sharp  instrument,  without  the 
piece  beino-  removed.     It  is  not  now  employed. 

DIACOPR^E'GIA,  from  Siu,  xowgoe,  'excre- 
ment,' and  «<S,  aiyoc,  'a  goat.'  A  name  given, 
in  Blancard's  Lexicon,  to  a  medicine,  composed 
of  goat's  dung,  which  the  ancients  praised  in 
diseases  of  the  spleen,  parotids,  &.e. 

DIACRISES;  from  Siu,  and  *onw,  'I  sepa- 
rate.' A  class  of  diseases  characterized  by  al- 
terations of  secretion. — Gendrin. 

DIACYDONITES,  Cydoniatum. 

D I A  D  E'M  A,  Fascia  cap'itis,  Re.dimic'ulum, 
from  SiadBio,  (Six,  arid  Suv,  'to  bind.')  'I  sur- 
round.' A  sort  of  bandage;  advised  in  head- 
ache, in  which  relaxation  of  the  sutures  was 
apprehended. — Forest  us. 

DIADERMIA'PRI'A,  from  Sia,  fcftua,  'the 
skin,'  and  lar^cta,  'healing.'  Treatment  by  the 
skin,  as  by  the  endermic  and  iatraleptic  me- 
thods. 

DIADEXTS,  Diad'oche,  Metatopto'sis,  from 
SiuSt/0/j.ai,  (Siu,  and  St^ofnai,  'to  take  or  re- 
ceive.') '  I  transfer.'  '  I  succeed  to.'  A  trans- 
formation of  a  disease  intoanotherdiffering  from 
the  former,  both  in  its  nature  and  seat.  • 

DIADOCHE,  Diadexis. 

DIAD'OSIS,  from  StaSiSwpicti,  'to  distribute.' 
In  some  authors,  it  means  the  distribution  of 
nutritive  matter  over  the  whole  body, — in  other 
words,  nutrition;  whilst,  in  others,  it  is  syno- 
nymous with  the  remission  or  cessation  of  a 
disease. 

DLE'RESIS,  from  SiutQta,  Six,  and  aigsw, '  I 
takeaway,'  'I  divide,'  'I  separate.'  A  division 
(q.  v.J  or  solution  of  continuity.  A  surgical 
operation,  which  consists  in  dividing  any  part 
of  the  body, 

DLERETICUS,  Caustic. 

DLETA,  Diet. 

DLETE'MA.  It  has  the  same  signification 
as  diet  with  most  authors.  Galen  gives  it  a 
more  extensive  meaning;  comprising,  under  it, 
what  constitutes  Hygiene. 

DIAGNO'S\S,  Digno'tio,  Din  gnos' tire,  Dcpre- 
hen'sio.  from  Sta,  andytvccrnu),']  know.'  Discrimi- 
nation, (F.)  Diagnose,  Diagttostique.  That  part, 
of  medicine  whose  object  is  the  discrimination 
of  diseases — the  knowledge  of  the  pathogno- 
monic signs  of  each.  It  is  one  of  the  most  im- 
portant, branches  of  general  pathology. 

DIAGNOS'TIC,  Discreli'vus,  Diugnos' ticus  ,• 


same  etymon.  A  symptom  which  is  characte- 
ristic of  a  disease. 

TO  DIAGNOSTICATE, sometimes  "todiag- 
nose."  To  discriminate  one  disease  or  pheno- 
menon from  another. 

DIAGRYDIUM,  Convolvus  scammonia. 

Diagbyd'ium  Cydonia'tum, from  dingrydium, 
'scammony,'  and  cydonium,  'quince.'  A  phar- 
maceutical preparation,  obtained  by  inspissating 
and  drying,  by  means  of  heat,  two  parts  of  scurn- 
mony  and  one  of  quince  juice.  It  was  formerly 
used  as  an  energetic  purgative. 

Dyagrvo'ium  Glycyeuumza'tum.  An  analo- 
gous preparation,  containingextract  of  liquorice 
in  place  of  quince  juice. 

Diagkyd'ium  Sulphura'tu?.i.  Scammony, 
which  has  been  exposed  to  the  vapour  of  burn- 
ing sulphur.  These  diagrydia  are  not  now 
used. 

DIALEIMA,  Apyrexia. 

DIALEIPSIS,  Intermission. 

D1ALEIPYRA,  Intermittent  fever. 

DIALEP'SIS,  Intercep'tio,  from  Sialajuflavv), 
'I  intercept.' — Hippocrates  employs  this  word 
for  the  interstices,  or  intervals,  left  between  the 
turns  of  a  bandage. 

DIAL'YSIS,  Dissolu'tio,  from  Sia,  and  /u<nc, 
'solution.'  A  dissolution  (q.  v.)  or  loss  of 
strength.  Weakness  of  the  limbs.  Also,  a  so- 
lution of  continuity. 

DIAMAJVT,  Diamond. 

D1AMASTEMA,  Masticatory. 

DIAM'BR.E  SPE'CIES.  A  name  given  by 
the  ancients  to  powders,  one  of  which  bore  the 
name — Upe' 'cies diam' 'bi as  sine  odora'tis,  theother, 
that  of  hpe'eies  dium'brx  cum  odora'tis.  The 
former  was  composed  of  cinnamon,  angelica  root, 
cloves,  mace,  nutmeg,- galunga,  cardamom,  and 
numerous  other  substances;  the  latter,  besides, 
had  ambergris  and  musk.  These  powders  were 
used  as  tonics,in  casesof  debility  of  thestomacb, 
and  in  ceitain  nervous  affections. 

D1AMNES,  Enuresis. 

DI'AMOiND,  Jld'amas,  from  a,  privative,  and 
8afia.no,  T  conquer,'  (F.)  Diamant.  Invincible; 
so  called  from  its  hardness.  It  is  the  most  pre- 
cious of  all  stones,  and  was  formerly  conceived 
to  possess  extraordinary  cordial  virtues. 

DIAMO'RUM,  Rub  ex  maris,  from  Si*,  and 
hwqov,1  a  mulberry.'  Anancientsyrupprepared 
with  honey  and  mulberry  juice.  It  was  em- 
ployed as  a  gargle  in  sore  throat. — Galen. 

DIAMOTO'tflS,  from  uorog,  'charpie,'  'lint.' 
The  introduction  of  lint  into  an  ulcer  or  wound. 

DIANA,  Argentum. 

DIANANCAS'MOS,D/a««nms'?nws,fromJia, 
and  aiat.yxa.Lu),  'I  force.'  Coaptation,  reduction 
of  a  fractured  or  luxated  limb. 

DIANCEMA,  Imagination 

DIAN'THUS  CARYOPHYL'LUS,fromA<?, 
'Jove,'  (?)  ardcg,  'flower,'  and  caryophyl'lum, 
'the  clove.'  Clove  Pink.  Also, called  curyopliyl'- 
lumrubrum,  Tu'niea,  Tu'nica  Itorten'sis,  T.  rubra, 
Caryophyl'lus  hortensis,  Clove  July  flower,  Gilli- 
fluwer.  Order,  Caryophyllere,  (F.)  Ultllet girofice. 
The  flowers  were  once  much  used;  but  are  now 
only  employed  in  syrup,  as  a  useful  and  pleasant 
vehicle  for  other  medicines. 

DIAPAL'MA,PAffi«/c"t«m  Emphs'trum.  A 
plaster  composed  of  equal  parts  at'  litharge,  olive 
oil,  axunge,  water,  a  certain  quantity  of  sulphate 
of  zinc  dissolved  in  water,  and  white  wax.  It  is 
classed  amongst  the  topical,  desiccative,  emol- 


D1APASMA 


243 


DIAPHTHORA 


lient,  resolvent,  detersive,  and  cicatrizing  me- 
dicines. Mixed  with  a  quarter  of  its  weight  of 
olive  oil,  it  acquires  the  consistence  of  an  oint- 
ment, and  forms  the  Cerate  of  Diapulma. 

DIAPAS'MA,  from  itdaraossiv,  'to  sprinkle.' 
A  medicine  reduced  to  powder,  and  sprinkled 
over  the  body,  or  some  part  of  it. 

D  I  A  P  E  D  E'S  1  S,  Transuda'tio,  Persuda'lio. 
from  diaTvdaa,ll  leap  through.'  Exhalation  of 
blood,  in  the  form  of  dew  at  the  surface  of  the 
skin,  or  of  any  membrane.  Sweating  of  Mood 
(F.)  Sueur  de  Sang.  Hmmorrha' gia  per  diapede'- 
sin.  I lirmtitopr.de' sis,  Hsemidro'sis. 

DIAPENSIA  CORTUSA,  Sanicula. 

DIAPEiN'TESor  DIAPENTE,  from  ^«,and 
ttji  i»,, '  five.'  A  medicine  composed  of  five  in- 
gredients.    See  Diatessnron. 

Dl  APHCE'NICON,  Duipha'nix,  Medicamen'- 
turn  ex  Pal  mulls,  from  Si-x,  and  <potvt£,  'a  date.' 
A  drastic  electuary,  of  which  the  date  was  the 
chief  excipient. 

DIAPHORE'SIS,  from  diadem,  (<hu,  and 
</iogsco,  'I  convey,')  'I  dissipate.'  A  greater  de- 
gree of  perspiration  than  natural,  but  les3  than 
in  sweating.  Every  kind  of  cutaneous  evacua- 
tion. 

DIAPHORETIC.  Same  etymon;  Diapno'- 
icus,  Diaphorit'icus.  Medicines  which  excite 
diaphoresis.  They  are  very  uncertain  as  a  class. 
The  following  is  a  list  of  the  chief  reputed  Dia- 
phoretics:— Ammonias  Acelatis  Liquor;  Ammo- 
nia1 Carbonas;  Antimonialis  pulvis;  Anlimonii 
et  Potassos  Tartras;  Antimonii  Sulphuretum 
praccipitatum;  Asclepias  tuberosa;  Camphora; 
Contraycrva;  Dulcamara;  Eupatorium  perlblia- 
tum;  Guaiaci  Lignum;  Guaiacum;  Ipecacuanha; 
Mezereum;  Opium — and  its  active  principle 
Morphia;  Sarsaparilla;  Sassafras;  Serpentaria; 
Spiiitus  jEtheris  Nitrici;  Sulphur;  Xanthoxy- 
lum;  Caloric;  Exercise,  (active;)  and  Friction. 

The  epithet  Diaphoretic  has  also  been  given 
by  some  to  continued  fever,  accompanied  with 
constant  perspiration. 

Diaphoretic,  Mineral,  Ant.imoniumdiapho- 
reticum. 

DIAPHORETICUM  JOVIALE,  see  Anti- 
hectic. 

DI'APIIRAGM,  Diapkrag'ma,  diuy^aypu, 
Discreto'rium,  Phrenes,  Septum  transver'sum, 
Discri'men  Thora'cis  et  Ventris,  Discr.plum, 
Cine'tus,  Diazr/ma,  Dissep'tum,  Prsecor' 'diu,  Sue- 
cin'gens  membra! na  vel  mus'culus;  the  Midriff, 
from  Ax,  '  between,'  and  (pnuirirot,  'I  close.'  A 
large,  azygous  muscle;  stretched  transversely 
between  the  thoracic  and  abdominal  cavities, 
which  it  separates  from  each  other;  tendinous 
in  the  centre;  thin,  almost  circular,  and  un- 
equally convex,  upwards.  It  is  fleshy  at  its 
circumference,  which  is  attached  to  the  carti- 
lago  ensiformis,  to  the  last  six  ribs,  to  the  apo- 
neurosis stretched  from  the  last  rib  to  the  trans- 
verse process  of  the  first  lumbar  vertebra;  and, 
lastly,  to  the  bodies  of  the  first  three  or  four 
lumbar  vertebras.  When  it  contracts,  its  fibres 
become  straight,  the  chest  is  enlarged,  and  the 
abdomen  diminished.  It  is  then  an  inspiratory 
muscle.  It  may,  also,  diminish  the  capacity  of 
the  chest;  and  be  an  expiratory  muscle.  This 
muscle  plays  an  important  part  in  sighing, 
yawning,  coughing,  sneezing,  laughing,  sob- 
bing, crying,  hiccoughing,  singing,  vomiting, 
the  excretion  of  the v feces  and  urine,  the  ex- 
pulsion of  the  foetus,  &c. 


DIAPHRAGMA  CEREBRI,  Tentorium— d. 
Narium,  Septum  narium — d.  Ventriculorum  la- 
teralium  cerebri,  Septum  lucidum. 

DIAPHRAGMAL'GIA,  from diatp^ayfia.,  'the 
diaphragm,'  and  akyoc,  '  pain.'  Pain  in  the 
diaphrau-m. 

DIAPHRAGMATIC,  Diaphragmatficus.  Be- 
longing to  the  diaphragm.  A  name  given  to 
several  vessels  and  nerves. 

Diaphragm at'ic  or  Phrenic  Ar'teries. — 
These  are  distinguished  into  superior  and  infe- 
rior. The  former,  called,  also,  supradiaphrag- 
matic, are  two  in  number,  one  on  each  side. 
They  arise  from  the  internal  mammary,  and 
descend  along  the  phrenic  nerve,  to  be  distri- 
buted on  the  upper  surface  of  the  diaphragm. 
The  latter,  or  infradiaphragmatic,  are  also  two 
in  number.  They  arise  from  the  upper  part  of 
the  abdominal  aorta  or  from  the  cceliac  artery, 
and  divide  into  two  principal  branches,  which 
are  distributed  on  the  lower  surface  of  the  dia- 
phragm and  in  its  substance. 

The  superior  diaphragmatic  veins  follow  the 
same  course  as  the  arteries,  and  empty  them- 
selves— the  rigid,  into  the  vena  cava  superior; 
the  left,  into  the  corresponding  subclavian  vein. 
The  two  inferior  diaphragmatic  veins  open  into 
the  vena  cava  inferior. 

Diaphragmatic  Hernia,  Phrenic  Hernia, 
Diaphragmatoce'le.  The  abdominal  viscera  are 
occasionally  protruded  through  the  diaphragm, 
either  through  some  of  the  natural  apertures  in 
the  muscle,  or  through  deficiencies,  or  wounds, 
or  lacerations  in  it. 

Diaphragmat'ic  or  Phrenic  Nerves  are 
two  in  number;  one  on  the  left  side,  the  other 
on  the  right.  They  arise  from  the  second  and 
third  nerves  of  the  cervical  plexus,  about  the 
middle  of  the  neck.  They  receive  two  or  three 
filaments  from  the  brachial  plexus,  after  which 
they  descend  into  the  chest  at  the  sides  of  the 
pericardium,  and  are  distributed  on  the  dia- 
phragm. 

Diaphragmat'ic  Plex'uses  are  two  in  num- 
ber; one  right,  and  the  other  left.  They  arise 
from  the  upper  part  of  the  solar  plexus,  by  a 
small  number  of  branches,  which  are  distri- 
buted to  the  diaphragm,  following  exactly  the 
branches  of  the  inferior  diaphragmatic  arteries. 

Diaphragmat'ic  Ring,  (F.^JIuneau  diaphrag- 
matiqve  of  Chaussier,  is  a  name  given  to  the 
irregularly  quadrilateral  aperture,  by  which  the 
vena  cava  inferior  passes  through  the  dia- 
phragm. 

DIAPHRAGM ATITIS.  Diaphragmitis. 

D1APHRAGMITJS,  from  itaipotypa,  'the 
diaphragm,'  and  iti.s,  a  suffix  denoting  inflam- 
mation. Diaphrtignudi'tis,  lujhnrima'tio  septi 
transfer' 'si,  Paraphrenia 'tis,  Empresma  Plturi  tis 
Diaphragmttt'ica,  Paraphrene'sis  Diaphraginat'- 
ice,  Infiamma'tion  of  the  Di'aphragm.  The 
terms,  Paraphreni' tis  and  Paraphrene'sis  have 
been  obtained  from  the  Peripatetic  philosophy, 
which  supposed  the  seat  of  the  <petjv  or  soul  to 
be  the  pirecordia.  The  essential  symptoms  of 
diaphragmitis  are: — painful  constriction  around 
the  pracordia,  with  small,  quick,  laborious 
breathing.     It  is  a  rare  disease. 

DIAPURATTON  HYMEN,  Mediastinum— 
d.  Membrana,  Mediastinum. 

DIAPH'THORA,  from  Sia,  and  tpdtiQeiv,  'to 
corrupt.'  Corruption  (q.  v.)  in  general;  more 
especially  corruption  of  the  foatus  in  utero. — i 


DIAPHYLACTIC 


2-14 


DIASTASIS 


Hippocr.  Also,  corruption  of  the  blood  in  the 
stomach. — Galen      See  Abortion. 

D1A  PHY  LACTIC,  Prophylactic. 

DIAPH'YSIS,  from  Siuipvw,  'I  rise  between.' 
Intcrsti"  tiuni,  Discrimina'tio:  'an  interstice,  in- 
terval, division.'  Any  thing  that  separates  two 
bodies.  Also,  the  middle  part  or  body  of  a  long 
bone,  Corpus  Ossis.  One  of  the  ligaments  of 
the  knee* —  Hippocrates,  Pare. 

DIA'PIA.  Some  lexicographers  use  this  word 
synonymously  with  DiAPYESis,or  Suppuration; 
others  have  employed  it  in  opposition  to  Myopia. 

DIAPLASIS,  Conformation. 

DIAPNOE,  Perspiration. 

DIAPNOGENOUS  APPARATUS,  see  Per- 
spiration. 

DIAPNOICUS,  Diaphoretic. 

DIAPORK'MA,  Anxiety,  jactitation;  from 
diot.7ro£t(»,  '  I  doubt.' 

DIAPItU'NUM,  Diacoccyme'/on.  A  purga- 
tive electuary  of  which  the  pulps  of  prunes  and 
rhubarb  form  the  base.  By  adding  to  the  diu- 
prunum  simplex  a  21th  part  of  powdered  scam- 
mony,  the  Diapru'num  rcsoluti'vum  or  com- 
pos' Uum  is  formed.  It  is  more  active  than  the 
former. 

DIAPYEMA,  Empyema,  Suppuration. 

DIAPYE8IS,  Suppuration — d.  Oculi,  Hy- 
popyon. 

DlAPYET'lCA,Dyapye'ma:a,rromi'iianvi1pl.4, 
diartu^nig,  ($ia,  and  7rviv,  '  pus,')  'suppuration.' 
Medicines  which  promote  suppuration. 

DIAPYETICUS,  Suppurative. 

DIAR^EMIA,  (F.)  Diaremie,  from  Sia, 
'through,'  (i6o), 'I  flow,' and  'uitia,  '  blood.'  A 
pathological  condition,  said  to  be  common  in 
sheep,  in  which  the  globules  of  the  blood  are 
diminished  in  quantity  ;  the  blood  itself  thinner, 
and  transuding  through  the  coats  of  the  ves- 
sels into  the  cavities. — Delafore. 

DIAR&MIE,  Diarcemia. 

DIARIA,  Ephemera. 

DIAItRHAGE,  Fracture. 

DIARRHCE'A,  from  &*,  'through,'  and  quo, 
'  I  flow.'  Enterorrliaz'a,  Incontinen'tia  alci,  Alci 
profiu'vium,  A.  fiuxus  aquo'sus,  Venlris  proffu'- 
vium,  Caliorrhw!  a,  Cacato'ria,  Coprorrha'a,  Ca- 
tar'rhus  intestina'Us,  Alvi  fluxus,  Dtflux'io,  Lax, 
Looseness,  (F.)  Diurrlu'e,  Dccoiemcnt,  Caturrlic 
intestinal,  Flux  de  Ventre,  Cours  de  Ventre, 
Courante.  A  disease  characterized  by  frequent, 
liquid,  alvirfe  evacuations,  and  generally  owing 
to  inflammation  or  irritation  of  the  mucous 
membrane  of  the  intestines.  It  is  commonly 
caused  by  errors  in  regimen,  the  use  of  food 
noxious  by  its  quality  or  quantity,  &c,  con- 
stituting the  Diarrluc'a  stercora'riu,  D.  Crapu- 
lo'sa  of  writers.  It  may  be  acute  or  chronic. 
Many  varieties  have  been  made  by  some  no- 
sologists — e.  g.  mucous,  bilious,  serous:  depen- 
dent upon  the  matters  evacuated.  Diarrhoea 
requires  different  treatment.,  according  to  its 
nature.  If  caused,  as  it  often  is,  by  improper 
matters  in  the  intestinal  canal,  these  must  be 
evacuated;  and  the  astringent  plan  of  treat- 
ment must  not  be  adopted,  unless  the  discharges 
seem  kept  up  by  irritability  of  the  intestines, 
or  unless  they  are  colliquative.  The  indis- 
criminate use  of  astringents  is  to  be  deprecated. 

A  very  fatal  diarrhoea  prevails  amongst  the 
native  inhabitants  of  India,  to  which  Mr.  Tyt- 
ler  has  given  the  name  Diarrha/a,  hec'tica,  be- 
cause, like   hectic  fever,  it  seems   to  obtain 


habitual  possession  of  the  constitution,  to  ope- 
rate upon  it  with  scarcely  any  perceptible  in- 
termission, and,  in  general,  to  defy  the  most 
powerful  remedies. 

Diarrhoea  Adiposa,  Gras-fondure — d.  cum 
Apepsia,  Lientery — d.  Carnosa, Dysentery — d. 
Chylosa,  Cmliac  flux — d.  Chymosa,  Cceliac  flux 
— d.  Crapulosa,  see  Diarrhoea — d.  Cruenta.  Haj- 
matochezia — d.Dyspeptica,  Lientery — d.  Hepa- 
tica,  Hepatirrhoea — d.Indigestorum,  Lientery— 
d.  Lienteria,  Lientery — d.  Stercoraria,  see  Diar- 
rhoea— d.  in  Urina,  Diabetes. 

D I A  R  T  H  It  O'D  I A  L,  Diarth  rod ia' lis.  Re- 
lating  to  diarthroses  or  movable  articulations, 
as  dinrthro' dial  articulation.  Diarthro'dial  car- 
tilages or  incr listing  cartilages  aie  the  cartilages 
which  invest  the  articular  extremities  of  bones. 

DIARTHRO'SIS,  from  8i*q-9qoo),  {Six,  and 
«ou(iou),  '  1  separate  the  limb,')  '  I  articulate.' 
Dearticula'lio,  Prosarthro' sis,  Apar thro' 'sis,  Abur- 
ticula'tio,  Coarticula'lio.  (F.)  Emboiture.  A 
movable  articulation.  One  which  permits  the 
bones  to  move  freely  on  each  other  in  every 
direction,  as  in  the  case  of  the  shoulder  joint. 

DIASATYRl'ON,  from  Sia,  and  aarvQiov, 
'the  orchis  mas'cula.'  An  electuary,  of  which 
this  plant  formed  the  base.  (?) — Myrepsus.  The 
ancients  attributed  to  it  the  faculty  of  exciting 
the  oro-ans  of  generation. 

DIASCINCI  ANT1DOTUS,  Mithridate. 

DIASCOR'DIUM,  from  Six,  and  vkqqSui, 
'  the  water  germander  '  An  electuary,  so  called 
because  this  plant  enters  into  its  composition. 
The  Parisian  Codex  has  a  formula  for  its  pre- 
paration, under  the  title,  Electua'rium  opia'tum 
astrin'gens  vel  diascor'dium.  (R.fol.  scord-  5iss, 
rosar.  rubr.,  bistort,  rad.,  gentiance,  tormentilla, 
sent,  berber.  aa  gss,  zingib.,  piper,  long,  aa  gij, 
cassiee  lignecc,  cinnamom.,  dictamn.  cretens  ,  sty- 
rac  calamit.,  galban.,  gum.  acacise  aa  2ss.  bol. 
oriental,  prapur.  31J,  extract,  rinos.  opu  £\],  "•*" 
rosat.  prsep.  Ibij,  vin.  kispan.  Ibss:  fiat  e/cctua- 
rium.)  In  place  of  the  styrax  calamila,  the 
balsam  of  tolu  or  benjamin  may  be  used.  The 
opium  is,  in  this  preparation,  in  the  proportion 
of  1  to  184.  The  diascordium  is  employed  in 
diarrhoea  and  dysentery,  as  a  tonic,  stomachic, 
and  astringent.  The  common  dose  is  from  a 
scruple  to  a  drachm  and  a  half.  See  Pulvis 
crete  compositus. 

DIASOSTIC,  Prophylactic. 

DIASPASIS.  Divulsio 

DIASPER'MATOJN.  The  ancient  name  of 
two  cataplasms,  composed  of  seed. — Galen, 
Paulus. 

DIASPIIYXIS,  Pulse. 

DIASTAS.E'MIA,  (F.)  Diastascmie,  from 
SiarTaoig,  'separation,'  and  la<ya,  'blood.'  A 
pathological  condition, characterized  by  a  sepa- 
ration of  the  elements  of  the  blood  globules; — 
the  fibrin  and  albumen  separating  also  from 
the  colouring  matter,  whilst  the  fibrin  attaches 
itself  to  the  valves  of  the  heart. — Delafore. 

DIASTASE.  Same  etymon  as  the  next  but 
one.  A  vegetable  principle,  allied  in  its  gene- 
ral properties  to  gluten,  which  appears  in  the 
germination  of  barley  and  other  seeds,  and,  by 
its  presence,  converts  their  starch  into  sugar 
and  gum. 

DIASTASliMlE,  Diastassemia. 

DIAS'TASIS,  from  Srx,  and  tar^/ui,  'to  place,' 
'separation,'  'distance.'  Diaste'ma,  Dissiden'tia, 
A  separation  of  bones  from  each  other,  and  par- 


DIASTEMA 


215 


DIATRITARII 


ticularly  of  the  bones  of  the  cranium;  of  the 
rndius  from  the  ulna,  and  the  fibula  from  the 
tibia.  'Die  ancients  used  this  word  to  desig- 
nate the  three  dimensions  of  the  body, — length, 
breadth,  and  thickness;  for  the  interval  sepa- 
rating the  patient  from  the  physician;  the  swell- 
ing of  varicose  veins;  the  time  at  which  some 
change  occurred  in  disease,  &c. 

DIASTEMA,  Diastasis,  Interstice. 

DlASTEMATELYT'RIA,  from  diaorrjua, 
'interstice,' and  tlvrpov, l  vagina.'  Anorganic 
deviation,  characterized  by  a  longitudinal  divi- 
sion or  fissure  of  the  vaoina. —  Breschet. 

DIASTEMATENCEPHA'LIA,  from  5,*- 
ffTijua,  and  eyztqoLJ.og, '  the  brain.'  An  organic 
deviation,  consisting  in  a  longitudinal  division 
of  the  brain. — Breschet. 

DIASTEMATOCAU'LIA,  from  Siaorw*, 
and  KuvXeg, '  trunk.'  An  organic  deviation,  cha- 
racterized by  a  longitudinal  division  of  the 
trunk. 

DIASTEMATOCHEI'LIA,  from  <Wr»,,<*, 
and  %tttog,  'the  leg.'  An  organic  deviation, 
consisting  in  a  longitudinal  division  or  fissure 
of  the  lee. 

DIASTEMATOCRA'NIA,  from  Sittormia, 
and  xpunov,  'the  cranium.'  An  organic  devia- 
tion, consisting  in  a  longitudinal  deviation  of 
the  cranium. 

DIASTEMATOGYS'TIA,  from  Siaaxrpia, 
and  y.varig,  'bladder.'  An  organic  deviation, 
characterized  by  a  longitudinal  division  of  the 
urinary  bladder. 

DIASTEMATOGAS'TRrA,  from  SiaarrLna, 
and  ydOT^p,  'the  stomach.'  An  organic  devia- 
tion, chaiaclerized  by  a  longitudinal  division  of 
the  stomach. 

DIASTEMATOGLOS'SIA,  from  Si*arr,n*, 
and  yXwaaa.,  'tongue.'  An  organic  deviation, 
characterized  by  a  longitudinal  division  or  fis- 
sure of  the  tongue. 

DIASTEMATOGNA'THIA,  from  <Wt.;,<*, 
and  yruttog,  'jaw.'  An  organic  deviation,  cha- 
racterized by  a  longitudinal  division  of  the 
jaws. 

DIASTEMATOME'TRIA,  from  J,wi»,«, 
and  finrpa,  'womb.'  An  organic  deviation  cha- 
racterized by  a  longitudinal  division  or  fissure 
of  the  womb. 

DIASTEM  ATOPYELTA,  from  Siaartjfia^ad 
nveXog,  'pelvis.'  An  organic  deviation,  cha- 
racterized by  a  longitudinal  division  or  fissure 
of  the  pelvis. 

DIASTEMATORA'GHIA,  from  Siaor^a, 
and  pu^ig,  '  spine.'  An  organic  deviation,  cha- 
racterized by  a  longitudinal  division  or  fissure 
of  the  spine. 

DIASTEMATORHI'NIA,  from  Si-torr^*, 
and  fir,  '  the  nose.'  An  organic  deviation,  cha- 
racterized by  a  longitudinal  division  of  the  nose. 

DIASTEMATOSTAPHYL'IA,  from  <W- 
rijua,  and  aruyvXt],  '  uvula.'  An  organic  devia- 
tion, characterized  by  a  longitudinal  division 
of  the  ii  vula. 

DIASTEMATOSTER'NIA,  from  diaarw*, 
and  ffjff»:r,  'the  sternum.'  An  organic  devia- 
tion, characterized  by  a  longitudinal  division 
of  the  sternum. 

DIASTEMENTER'IA,  from  diaarw*,  and 
tvttfov,  'intestine.'  An  organic  deviation,  cha- 
racterized by  a  longitudinal  division  of  the  in- 
testine. 

DIASTEMA'TTA,  from  JtcwTJ^o.    A  term 


employed  by  Breschet  for  an  organic  deviation, 
characterized  by  the  presence  of  a  fissure  in  the 
mesial  line  ofj.he  body. 

DIAS'TOLE,from  diu<TreXX(.»,  (<ti«and  trreX/Lvo, 
'I  send,')  '  1  dilate,'  '  I  open.'  Dilatation  of  the 
heart  and  arteries,  when  the  blood  enters  their 
cavities.  It  is  the  opposite  movement  to  systole, 
in  which  the  heart  and  arteries  contract  to  send 
forth  the  blood.  Diastule  and  systole  are,  con- 
sequently, successive  movements.  Diastule  oc- 
curs simultaneously  in  the  two  ventricles.  The 
almost  inappreciable  time,  which  elapses  be- 
tween the  diastole  and  systole  has  been  called 
perisystole,  and  that  which  succeeds  to  the  dias- 
tole, peridiastole.  When  we  speak  of  the  con- 
traction or  systole  of  the  heart,  as  well  as  of  its 
diastole  or  dilatation,  we  mean  that  of  the  ven- 
tricles.    This  dilatation  is  active. 

DIAS'TOLIC,  Diastol'ievs;  same  etymon. 
Belonging  to  the  diastole  of  the  heart — as 
'diastolic  impulse  of  the  heart,'  (q    v.) 

Diastolic  Impulse  of  the  Heaut,  see  Im- 
pulse, diastolic. 

DIASTOMOTRIS,  from  Sixar«(*.om,(S,a,  and 
froua, '  mouth.')  '1  dilate  an  aperture.'  Di- 
lating instruments,  such  as  the  different  kinds 
of  specula  for  the  mouth,  anus,  vagina,  &c. 

D  I  A  ST  RE  M  M  A,  Distortion,  Perversion, 
Sprain. 

DIASTROPHE.Distortion, Perversion, Sprain. 

DIAT'ASIS,  Disten'sio,  from  Staruvo,  (dm, 
and  reirw,  'I  stretch,')  'I  distend.'  Tension. 
(q.  v.)  The  reduction  of  a  fracture,  by  exten- 
sion and  counter-extension. 

DIATES'SARON,  from  Sia,  and  rttra-aosg; 
'four.'  An  electuary,  into  the  composition  of 
which  entered  four  medicines;  viz.  the  roots  of 
gentian  and  aristolochia  rotunda,  and  bay-ber- 
ries, each  gij,  honey  Ibij.  The  whole  was  in- 
corporated with  extract  of  juniper.  The  dia- 
pentes  is  nothing  more  than  this  electuary, 
mixed  with  two  ounces  of  ivory  shavings.  The 
diatessaron  is  tonic,  and  it  was  formerly  em- 
ployed in  cases  of  stings  and  bites  of  venomous 
animals.  It  was  regarded  as  emrnenaooo-ue, 
alexiterial,  and  alexipharmic. 

DIATM'ESIS. from  <W/. 9 >,■«!, (<>,«, and  t«%<i, 
'  to  place,')  T  dispose.'  Disposition,  constitu- 
tion, affection  of  the  body  :  predisposition  to 
certain  diseases  rather  than  to  others.  (F.)  Im- 
minence morLidc.  The  principal  diatheses, men- 
tioned by  authors,  are,  the  cancerous,  scrofulous, 
scorbutic,  rheumatic,  gouty  and  calculous1. 

Diathesis  H^emorrhoidalis,  see  Haemor- 
rhoids—d  Nervosa,  Nervous  diathesis— d.  Sthe- 
niea,  Sthenia. 

DIATRAGACAN'TFIUS.  A  powder  com- 
posed of  gum  tragacanth,  gij,  gum  Arabic,  §j 
and  Sfij,  starch,  Sjss,  liquorice,  ^iij,  as  much  of  the 
seed  of  the  melon  and  while  poppy,-  seeds  of  the 
water-melon,  cucumber,  and  gourd,  and  sugar 
candy,  :;iij.     It  was  used  as  a  demulcent. 

DIATRI'ON  or  DIATRI'UM,  from  dia,  anfl 
To? ic,  'three.'  A  medicine  composed  of  three 
ingredients.  There  were  formerly  two  kinds. 
The  first  was  called  Dialri'um,  Pipe' reon  species, 
and  was  formed  of  black  and  long  pepper,  ani-  * 
seed,  thyme,  and  ginger.  It  was  highly  stimu- 
lation. 7'he  second  species  was  known  under 
the  name,  Dial rinsan1 'talon,  Diatri'uin,  Santalo'- 
rum  pulvis,  or  Powder  of  the  three  Sanders.  They 
were  considered  diaphoretic. 

DIATRITA'RII.      The   .Methodists  were   so 


DIATR1T0S 


246 


DIET 


railed,  who  pretended  to  cure  all  diseases  by  sub- 
jecting the  patients  for  three  days  to  a  rigid  diet. 

DIATKITO  S.  Diet  of  three  days.  The 
means  used  by  the  Methodists  to  cure  disease. 

DLAZOMA,  Diaphragm 

DIAZOS'TER,  from  8mttawvf*i,  (St  a,  and 
twvvvfu,  '  to  gird,')  '  1  surround.'  The  twelfth 
vertebra  of  the  back,  because  it  corresponds  to 
the  girdle.  toxsztiQ. 

DICEPHALIUM,  Bicephalium. 

DIOEPH'ALUS,  Biceph'alus,  Derod'ymus  ct 
Iod'ymvs,  from  <5i,  '  double,'  and  xtcpaltj,  'head.' 
A  monster  with  two  heads. 

D1C ERAS  RUDE,  Ditrachyceras  rudis,  see 
Worms. 

DICHAL'CON.  A  weight,  equal  to  a  third 
part  of  the  obolus. 

DICHROMOS,  Verbena  officinalis. 

DICHOPHYTA,  from  3,%*,  'double,'  and 
cpvu),  '  I  grow.'  A  disease  of  the  hairs,  in  which 
they  split  and  grow  forked. 

DICIATRIA,  Medicine,  legal. 

DICLIDOSTO'SIS,  from  8i*kis,  'a  double 
door,'  and  ootcoctic,  '  ossification.'  Ossification 
of  valves — as  of  the  heart. 

DICOR'YPHUS,  Diexanus:  from  8i,c  double,' 
and  Korivpt],'  the  crown  of  the  head.'  Amonster 
with  a  double  vertex  or  cranium. 

Dicoryphus  Dihypogastrius,  Hemipages. 

DICRANUS,  Dicoryphus. 

DI'CROTUS,  Bisfer'iens,  from  3ig,  '  twice,' 
and  xoouu), '  I  strike.'  An  epithet,  given  to  the 
pulse,  when  it  seems  to  beat  twice  as  fast  as 
usual.  It  is  synonymous  with  the  term,  re- 
bounding pulse, — the  artery  rebounding  after 
striking,  so  as  to  convey  the  sensation  of  a 
double  pulsation.  It  has  been  considered,  and 
with  truth,  to  frequently  foretell  hemorrhage. 
In  bad  cases  of  typhus,  it  certainly  announces 
such  a  tendency. 

DWTAMNB,  Dictamnus  albus— d.  de  Crete, 
Origanum  dictamnus. 

DICTAM'NUS  ALBUS;  from  Dictamnus,  a 
town  in  Crete;  White  Fraxincl'la  or  Bastard 
Dit'tany,  Fraxinel'la,  (F.)  Dicturne,  Fraxinelle. 
The  fresh  root  has  been  considered  nervine, 
anthelmintic,  and  emmenagogue.    It  is  not  used. 

Dictamncs  Creticus, Origanum  dictamnus. 

DICTYITIS,  Retinitis. 

DICTYON,  Rete. 

DIDYMAL'GIA,  from  Stfu/uoi,  'Ihe  testicles,' 
and  a/.yog,  '  pain.'     Pain  in  the  testicles. 

DIET-TABLE  OF  DIFFERENT  HOSPITALS  OF   GREAT   BRITAIN,  IRELAND,  AND 

THE  UNITED  STATES. 

I.  ENGLAND.  , 

London  Hospitals. 
1.   London  Hospital. 


DIDYM1TIS,  Hernia  humoralis. 

DIDYMOS.  Gemellus. 

DIDYMUS,  Testicle— d.  Symphyogastrius, 
Gastrodidymus— d.  Syinphyohypogaslrius,  Hy- 
pogastrodiclymus  —  d.  SyinphyoperinsiiB,  Py- 
godidymus— d.  Symphyothoracogastrius,  Tho- 
racogastrodidymus. 

dTeCBOL'ION, from  Si*, and  t*paUm, 'least 
out.'  "A  name  given,  by  the  ancients,  to  a  re- 
medy, which  they  believed  capable  of  producing 
abortion. 

DIERENBACH,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Dierenbach  is  a  city  in  Bavaria,  two  leagues 
from  which  is  a  Sulphurous  spring. 

DIES,  He'mera.  A  Day.  The  day  is.  pro- 
perly, the  period  during  which  the  solar  light 
illumines  our  horizon  ;  but  commonly,  also,  we 
designate  by  the  word  day,  the  period  of  24 
hours,  or  Nyctliel meron,  which  is  frequently  di- 
vided into  four  parts — morning,  midday,  even- 
ing, and  midnight.  In  antiquity,  great  impor- 
tance was  attached  to  the  observation  of  days 
in  disease.  The  medical  day  is  usually  reck- 
oned at  24  hours;  universally,  in  estimating  the 
duration  of  a  disease.  In  parts  of  the  United 
States,  it  comprises  only  the  time  when  the  sun 
is  above  the  horizon,  as  regards  the  administra- 
tion of  medicine.  If  a  medicine.be  ordered  to 
be  taken  four  times  a  day,  it  is  understood  to 
mean  during  the  12  hours  of  day.     (F.)  Jour. 

Dies  Contemplantes,  Indicating  days — d. 
Critici,  Critical  days — d.  Decretorii,  Critical 
days — d.  Indicatorii,  Indicating  days— d.  In- 
dices, Indicating  days — d.  Judicatorii,  Critical 
days — d.  Radicaies,  Critical  days. 

DIET,  Dise-'ta,  Ra'tio  xictus.  Originally,  this 
word  signified  nearly  the  same  thing  as  Hy- 
giene and  Regimen,  i.  e.  Diet  was  the  employ- 
ment of  every  thing  necessary  for  the  preser- 
vation of  health  and  life.  At  the  present  day, 
it  signifies  a  particular  kind  of  food,  and,  at 
times,  a  privation  of  food  and  drink; — absti- 
nence. To  put  any  one  upon  'diet,  (F.)  Mcllre 
quelqu'un  a  la  d'dte,  means  to  deprive  him  of  his 
usual  nourishment: — milk  diet,  means  a  diet  of 
milk,  &.c.  See  Aliment,  Dietetics,  Hygiene, 
and  Regimen. 

Diet  Scale.  Every  well  regulated  hospital 
has  certain  dietetic  regulations.  The  following 
Table  of  Dietary  shows  the  particular  regimen 
selected  for  the  sick,  in  certain  hospitals. 


COMMON  DIET. 

MIDDLE  DIET. 

LOW  DIET. 

MILK  DIET. 

12  oz.  Bread.                  ] 

1  pint  Porter,  Men. 

|  pint  do.  IVumca. 

Gruel. 

8  oz  Beef,  with 
Potatoes,  thrice  a 
week. 

8  oz.  Mutton,  with 
Potatoes,  twice  a 
week. 

8  oz.  Potatoes  ami 
Soup,  with  vegeta- 
bles, twice  :i  week. 

1  pint  of  Broth 

The    same    except 
^tliat  4  oz.  of  Meat 
shall   be   given   in- 
stead of  8  oz. 

8  oz.  Bread. 
Gruel. 

Broth. 

Gruel  or  Broth. 

12  oz.  Bread. 
Gruel. 

1  pint  Miik. 

1  pint  Milk.        J 

1    \ 

1 

I 

DIET 


2  J  7 


DIET 


2.  57 

.  Bartholomew's  Hospital. 

fOMMON  DIET. 

BROTH  DIET. 

THIN  OR  FEVER  DIET. 

MILK  DIET. 

Milk  Porridge. 

12  oz.  Bread. 

6  oz.  Mutton  or  Beef 

1  pint    Broih    [with 
Peas  or  Potatoes,  4 
times  .i  week.] 

2  pints  Beer,  ./1/e/i. 
1  pint,  Humeri. 

1  oz.  Butter,  twice  a 
week. 

Milk  Porridge. 
12  oz.  Bread. 
2  pints  Broth. 
lpint  B en. 

1  oz.  Butter. 

Milk  Porridge. 

12  oz.  Bread. 

i  pint  of  Milk,  with 

Tapioca,     Arrow- 
root, Sago,  or  nice. 
as     may     be    pre 

scribed. 
Barley  water. 

Milk  Porridge. 

12  oz.  Bread. 

2  pts.  Milk,  with  Ta- 
pioca, Arrow-root, 
Sago,  or  Rue,  as 
may  be  prescribed. 

Bailey  water. 

1  OZ.  Butter. 

Bread  Pudding,  3 
times  a  week,  when 
ordered. 

3. 

St.  Thomas's  Hospi 

al. 

1 

FULL  DIET. 

MILK  DIET. 

DRY  DIET. 

FEVER  d;et. 

2  pints  of  Beer;  14  oz.  of 

12  oz.  of  Bread. 

14    oz.    of   Bread,   2 

"f 

Bread. 

pints  of  Beer. 

pints  of  Beer. 

Water  Gruel. 

1  Pint  of  Milk. 

Water  Gruel. 

Water  Gruel 

r 

£  lb.  of  Beef,  when  dress- 

1 pint  of  Milk   four 

4  oz.  of  Butler,  four 

|  of  a  lb.  of  Beef,  for 

i 

ed,  twice  a  week  ;  4  oz 

tunes  a  week. 

times  a  week,  Rice 

tea. 

•  ■< 

of  Butter,   or  ti  oz.   of 

Rice   Pudding  thrice 

Pudding  and  4  oz 

Cheese,  thrice  a  week: 

a  week. 

df     Butter,     three 

i 

5  lb.  of  Mutton,  when 

times  a  week. 

i 

boiled,  thrice  a  week. 

...J 

1  pint  Broth,  four  times  a 
week. 

1  pint  of  Milk. 

4.  St.  George's  Hospital. 


1 

EXTRA  diet. 

ordinary  diet. 

FISH  DIET. 

FEVER  DIET. 

BROTH  DIET. 

MILK  DIET. 

12  oz.  Bread. 

12  oz.  Bread. 

12  oz.  Bread. 

12  oz.  Bread. 

12  oz.  Bread. 

12  oz.  Bread. 

Men. 

1  pint  Beer. 

Bailey  Water 

i 

2  pints  Beer. 
Women. 

ad  libitum. 

1|  pints  Beer. 

Breakfast . 

1 

1  pint  Tea, 

1  pint  Tea. 

1  pint  Tea. 

1  pint  Tea. 

1  pint  Tea. 

•1 

J  pint  Milk. 

i  pint  Milk. 

J  pint  Milk. 

J  pint  Milk. 

i  pint  Milk. 

1  pint  Tea. 

( 

12  oz.  Meat, 

1  pint  Milk. 

roasted 

4  oz.  of  plain 

Arrow-root, 

1  pint  Broth. 

(weighed 

One  half  the 

boiled  white 

&c,  must  bs 

ti  oz.  light 

li  pints  Rice 

1 

With  the  bone 

meat  allow- 

fish (as  Whi- 

specially di- 

Pudding. 

Milk  four 

■  ■< 

before  it  is 

ed    for    ex- 

ting, Plaice, 

rected. 

days. 

I 

dressed)  four 

tra  diet. 

Flounders, 

i    lb.   Bread 

days,— hailed 

J  lb.  Potatoes. 

or  Haddock.) 

or  Rice  Pud- 

three days,    i 

ding     three 

1 

lb.  Potatoes. 

days. 

Supper... . 

•■{ 

1  pint  Gruel. 

1  pint  Gruel. 

1  pint  G-uel. 

1  pint  Tea. 

1  pint  Qruel. 

§  pint  Milk 

x  pint  Milk. 

J  pint  Milk* 

|  pint  Milk. 

ipint  Milk. 

J  pint  Milk. 

5.  Guy's  Hospital. 


Daily. 


FULL  DIET. 


14  oz.  Bread, 
lj  oz.  Butter. 
1  quart  Table  Beer. 
8  oz.    Meat    when 
dressed. 


MIDDLE  DIET. 


12  oz.  Bread, 
li  oz.  Butter. 
1  pint  Table  Beer. 
4  oz.    Meat,   when 

dressed,  and 
\  pint  Broth. 


12  oz.  Bread. 
1  oz.  Butter. 
Tea  and  Sugar. 


12  oz.  Bread. 

1  oz.  Butter. 

2  pints  Milk. 


FEVER  DIET. 

U  oz.  Bread. 
1  oz.  Buiier. 
Tea  and  Sugar. 


Haifa  pound  of  Beef,  (for  Beef-ten,)  or  Arrow-root 
or  Sago,  when  ordered. 


For  each  diet,  Gruel  or  Barley-water,  as  required. 


6.    Westminster  Hot 

pital. 

FULL  DIET. 

I 

MIDDLE  DIET.     1                            LOW  DIET. 

SPOON,  OR 

INCURABLES' 

DIET. 

Fixed. 

Casual. 

10  oz.  Bread.       h  lb.  Bread. 

J  lb.  Bread. 

i  lb.  Bread. 
i  lb.  Meat. 

|lb.  Potatoes. 

J  pint  Milk. 

t 

1  pint  Milk 

1  pint  Milk 

1  pint  Tea, 

— 

1  pint  Tea, 

1  pint  Porter. 

Breakfast. 

Porridge,  or 

Porridge,  or 

with  Sugar 

with  Sugar 

( 

Rice  Gruel. 

thin  Gruel. 

and  Milk. 

and  Milk. 

r 

£  lb.     Meat 

j    lb     Heat 

No  fixed  Diet 

1  pint  of  Broth, 

Barley  Water. 

( 

roosted] 

roasted, 

for  Dinner. 

or  \  lb.  of 

. 

boiled,  or 

boiled,  or 

Bread,  or  Rice 

chops. 

chops. 

Pudding,  or 

i 

Jib  of  Pota- 

j lb  of  Pota- 

1 pint  Beel  Tea, 

toes. 

toes. 

or  a  Chop, 

or  Fish. 

( 

1  pint  Milk 

1  Pint  Milk         1  pint  Tea, 

I  pint  Tea, 

Porridge,  or 

Porridge,  or        with  Sugar 

with  Sugar 

I 

Rice  Gruel. 

thin  Gruel.            and  Milk. 

and  Milk. 

DIET 


248 


DIET 


7.  Middlesex 

Hospital. 

DI.ETA  CARN1S, 

DI.ETA  JUSCULI, 

DI^TA  LACTIS, 

DI.ETA  SIMPLEX, 

OR 

OR 

OR 

OR 

CANCER  DIET. 

Daily 

MEAT  DIET. 

SOUP  DIET. 

MILK  DIET. 

SIMTLE  DIET. 

12  oz.  Bread. 

12  oz.  Uread. 

12  oz.  Bread. 

0  oz  Bread. 

12  oz.  Bread. 

i  lb.  Meat. 

1  lb.  Potatoes. 

1  pint  Milk. 

1  pint  Milk. 
Physician's  Patients 

1  pint  Milk. 

1  pint  Milk. 

1     pint    Barley 
water. 

f 

i  li>.  Potatoes,  4  oz. 

1  pint  Soup  made 

\  pint  Milk  with 

1  pint  Gruel. 

I 

dressi  (1     meat    (beel 

wiih  I  oz.  Beef, 

Rice  Pudding,  4 

I 

or  mutton,)  roast  and 

alternately**  ith 

days    and  \\  ith 

| 

baled  alternately,  4 

1  pint  of  iirotli 

Bailor  Pudding 

I 

days. 

with  Barley. 

3  days. 

1 

4  oz.  Meat  in   Soup, 

1 

1 
1 
1 

3  days. 

Surgeon^  Patients, 
i  lb.  Potatoes,  4  oz. 
dressed    meat    (beef 
or  mutton,;  roast  and 

I 

boiled  alternately. 

{ 

!  pint  Gruel  alternate 

1  pint  Gruel. 

i  pint  Milk,  or  I 

1  i  int  of  Gruel  or 

ly,  with  1  pint  of  Bar- 
ley-water. 

pint  Gruel. 

Barley-water. 

8    King's  College  Hospital. 


FULL  DIET. 


1  pint  Beer,  or 
j  pint  Porter. 
14  oz.  Bread. 
1  pi ut  Milk  Por 

ridge. 
i  lb.  Meat. 
i  lb.  Potatoes. 
1  pint  Milk  Por 

ridge. 


MDDLE  DIET. 


14  oz.  Bread. 

1  pint  Milk  Por- 
ridge. 

\  lb.  Meat. 

i  lb.  Potatoes. 

1  pint  Milk  Por- 
ridge. 


1  lb.  Bread. 

1  pint  Milk. 
1  pint  Milk. 
1  pint  Gruel. 


LOW  1  IET. 


5  oz.  Bread. 

1  pint  Gruel. 

1  pint  Broih. 

1  pint  Milk  Por 
ridge. 


FEVER  DIET. 


1  pint  Gruel. 

2  pints  Barley- 
Water. 

1  pint  Milk  Por 
ridge. 


9.  Dreadnought  Hospital  Ship. 


FULL  DIET. 


1  pint  Tea. 

1  lb   Bread. 
J  lb   Meat. 

J  lb  Pota'oes 

2  pints  Beer,  (if 
order,  d.) 

1  pint  Broth. 


ORDINARY  DIET 


Ditto. 

Ditto. 
i  lb.  Meat 
J  lb.  Potatoes. 
1  pint   Beer,  (if 
ordered.) 

1  pint  Broth  or 
Gruel. 


LOW    DIET. 


Ditto. 
I  lb.  Bread. 

1    pint  of  Beef 
Tea. 

1  pint  Gruel  or 
Milk,    (if 
dered.) 


MILK  DIET. 


Ditto. 
1  lb.  Bread. 

1  [int  .Milk. 
1  pint  Milk. 


FEVER    DIET. 


Ditto. 
Gruel. 


Gruel  or  Barley 
Wa  er. 


Daily. 


10.  North  London  Hospital 


FULL  DIET. 


l(i  oz.  Bread. 
\  piiit  Milk. 
|  Hi.  AI.ul  and  |ib 

Potatoes  4  days. 
1  pintSoupor  kice 

thr.  e  da  vs. 


MIDDLE  DIET. 


10  oz  Bread. 
J  pint  Milk. 
1    pint  Sjup 
Bice. 


LOW   DIET. 


8  oz.  Bread. 

I  pint. Milk. 

Oatmeal  fur 

Gruel. 


17  oz  Bread. 
3  pints  Milk. 


Hospitals. 

Ordinary  Diet.                                                      Low  Diet. 

Liverpool. 

Breakfast. — A  pint  of  milk  porridge,  breaded  every  morn- 
ing. 

riinner.—{\,    .'),    7*)— Boiled    beef  and    vegetables. 

(•J)— Rice,   milk,   and   bread. (3)— Stewed   beef   and 

potatoes. (1)— Pea    soup    and      bread. (6)— Ale, 

gruel,  and  bread. 

Supper. — A  pint  of  broth  and  bread  on  Sunday  and 
Thursday.     A  pint  of  milk  and  bread  on  the  other  days 

Fi'LL  Diet  — The  same  as  the  ordinary  diet. 

Consists  throughout  the  day  of 
milk  porridge,  common  batter, 
or  rice  pudding. 

The  ale  and  beer  are  bought. 

*  The  figures  in  parentheses  denote  the  days  of  the  week. 


DIET 


249 


DIET 


Ordinary  Diet. 


Low  Diet. 


Bristol. 


Breakfast  —On  Sunday,  Tuesday.  Thursday,  and  Satur- 
day, milk  porridge;  .Monday,  Wednesday,  and  Friday, 
meal  broth;  12  oz.  of  bread  on  meat  days;  14  oz.  on  the 
other  days. 

Dinner.— (I,  3,  5)— Three-fourths  of  a  pound  of  in  at. 
wiili  vegetables;  two  pints  of  beer  daily. — (2,  4,0,7) 
— A  pint  of  gruel  or  pap. 

Sapper.— A  wii  e  pint  of  gruel  of  m^al  broth,  on  Sunday; 
2  oz.  of  cheese  for  the  men,  one-fourth  of  an  oz.  of  b. li- 
ter for  lh"  women,  on  Monday,  Wednesday,  Friday, 
and  Sa  urday. 

Full  Diet.— The  patients  have  meat  every  day. 


Breakfast. — A  wine  quart  of  milk 

porridge  or  mi  k. 
Dinner. — A  wine  quart  of  weak 

b  oth. 
Supper. — The  same  as  breakfast, 

14  oz.  of  bread,  and  barley  wa- 

t  r  for  common  drink. 
Twenty     bushels     of     malt,     15 

pounds  of  hops,  to  11  gals,  of 

strong  ;  le  ;  21  bushels  of  malt. 

am!   12  pounds  of  fops,  'o  360 

gals  of  ale;  11  bushels  of  malt, 

7  pounds  of  hops,  to  3i.0gals.  of 

small  beer. 


BlRMINGH  VM. 

Revis 


Breakfast  —To  each  man  a  pint  and  a-lialf  of  mik  por- 
ridge, w  ith  1  oz.  of  bread  added  to  it.  To  each  woman 
or  chil  I,  one  pint  of'  milk  porridge,  without  bread.  To 
each  patient  ■-'  oz.  of  bread  daily. 

Dinner.  —  (1.  3,  5)—  To  each  man  8  oz.  of  baked  or  boiled 
meat ;  to  each  woman  or  child,  6  oz     To  each  patient, 

<:  oz.  of  vegetables,  and  one  pint  of  beer  daily. (2)— 

To  each  man,  a  quart  of  rice  or  barley  broth,  made 
with  a  variety  of  vegetables;  to  each  woman  or  child, 

one  pint  and  a-half, (4) — Twelve  ounces  of  boiled 

rice  or  bead  pudding. (6)— Four  oz    of  boiled   or 

baked  meat,  a  pint  of  rice  or  barley  broth,  made  with 

a  variety  of  vegetables. (7)— Six  oz    of  baked  rice 

or  bread  pudding,  or  a  pint  of  rice  or  bailey  broth,  made 
with  a  variety  of  vegetables. 

Supper. — A  pint  of  broth,  milk  porridge,  or  gruel. 

Full  Diet.— Breakfast  the  same  as  in  ordinary  diet 
Dinner,  ii  oz.  of  boiled  or  baked  moat,  fi  oz.  of  vegeta- 
bli  s,  6  i  z.  of  baked  rice  or  bread  pudding.  Supper,  the 
same  as  ordinary  diet. 


Breakfast— The  same  as  ordinary 
diet. 

Dinner, —  A  pint  of  broth  or  rie< 
milk,  (>  oz.  of  baked  rice  oi 
bread  pudding  to  each  patient 
every  day. 

Supper. — The  same  as  ordinary 
diet. 


II.  SCOTLAND. 


Edinecroh. 

Urea  .rust — i,'n-  unit  likin  of  porridge,  three  gills  of  milk 
or  beer;  or  five  and  one  fourth  ounces  of  fine  bread, 
milk  or  b  er 

Dinner.— (1,    -!)  — One   chopnin  of  broth,   8    ouncis   of 
butcher's  meat  boiled  in  i he  b  oth,  or  beef-steak;  five 
and  one-fouith  ounces  of  bread. — (-,  5,7) — A  choppin 
of  in'  Hi  made  of  beef  and  bones,  barley,  graats,  pota- 
toes, and  vegetabl  s;  live  and  a-half  ounces  of  br  ad 

(3,  6)— rotato  soup,  with  beef  and  veal,  or  bones; 

bread  as  above 

Supper. — As  the  breakfast  each  day. 

I'i'i.L  Diet. —  \t  discretion. 

At  discretion. 

Glasgow. 

'.—Milk   porrdge,    quantity   not   limited,   with 
half  a   mutchkin  of  sweet  milk,  or  one  mutchkin  of 
buttermilk  or  beer. 

Dinner  — (1) — Broth  made  of  bailey,  vegetab'es,  and  the 
d  ipping  of  the  meat   roasted  during  the  wi  ek,  wi  h  a 

quartern  loaf  to  a  man,  and  half  to  a  woman. ;_',  4) 

—  Beef  boiled;  8oz  to  the  men,  and  6  oz.  to  the  women; 
a  quartern  loaf  to  a  man,  and  half  to  a  woman,  or  vege- 
tables  (3,  6)— Broth,  made  with  beef,    bailey,  and 

vegetab'es;  a  quartern  loaf  to  men,  and  half  to  women. 

('>)  —  l'oiato  soup,  with  cow  heels,   bones,  &c 

(7)— Six  oz  of  cheese  to  men,  4  oz.  to  women;  bread  as 
above. 

Supp  -.  — As  the  breakfast  each  day. 

Full  Diet  — Ai  discretion, 

At  discretion. 

III.  IRELAND. 


\ Per  diem. — Sixteen  oz.  o'  white  bread,  one  quart  of  new 
5.   Hospitals  of        milk,  and  one  quart  of  b.ittermilk  for  whey. 

industry,     Foll  Piet. — Two  ounces  of  bread  per  diem,  one  quart  of 
I     bfolh,  one  quai  t  ol  new  milk. 


Stephen's  Hospi- 
tal. 


Rov  vl  Hospital, 
Phoenix  Park. 


17 


Breakfast.— H&\\  a  pound  ol  biead,  one  pinl  of  milk. 

Dinner . — (1,  -',  :',  j,  7,  — One  quart  of  soup,  half  a  pound 
of  bread,  or  two  pounds  pf  potatoes;  one  pint  of  milk  Ol 
b  'er. (I,  6) —  Twelve  oz.  of  bread,  one  quart  of  sweet- 
ened grind 


One  pint  of  Mummery  /  er  diem. 
one  quart  of  new  milk,  and 
one  quart  of  buttermilk  for 
whey. 


Daily,  half  a  pound  of  bread,  two 
quarts  of  new  milk,  and  one 
quart  of  buttermilk. 


Breakfast  .—  One  pint  of  oatmeal  or  ,ice  gruel. 

Dinner  —Haifa  pound  of  meat,  three-fourths  of  a  pound 

of  b  e  id;  one  pound  of  potatoes. 
Supper .—  One  p  ut  of  natmi  al  or  rice  gruel. 
i'ull  Diet.— Three-fourths  of  a   pound  of  meat,  one 

pound  of  bread,  half  a  pound  of  potatoes,  o.-ie  quart  ol 

beer. 


Breakfast—  Tea. 

Dinner. — Half  a  pound  rf  bread 
made  into  panada  or  pi  dding. 


DIET 


2.0 


DIGASTRICU8 


III.  IRELAND.— Continued. 


Richmond  Hospi- 
tal. 


Breakfast  —One  quart  of  stirabout,  one  pint  of  new  milk. 

Dinner.— Bread,  (^  oz.;  soup,  one  quart. 

Supper.— Bread,  4  oz. ;  new  mi  k,  one  pint. 

Full  Diet  —  Breakfast,  biead,  8  oz  ;  new  milk,  one  p  nt. 

—  Dinner,  bread,  8  oz. ;  muiton  or  beef,  8  oz.— Supper 

bread,  4  oz. ;  new  milk,  one  pint. 


Breakfust. — Flummery,  oik  pint ; 
new  milk,  one  pint. 

Supper. — Half  a  pound  of  bread, 
one  pint  of'inilk. 


Belfast  Hospital. 


Breakfast.  —One  pint  of  stirabout,  one  pint  of  new  milk. 

Dinner.— Half  a  pound  of  bread,  one  pint  of  new  milk. 

Sapper.— One  pint  of  flummery,  one  pint  of  new  milk. 

Full  Diet.— ISreak  ast,  one  quart  of  .-lira bout,  one  pirn 
of  new  milk —Dinner, -2  lbs.  of  potatoes,  one  pint  of 
milk.— Supper,  one  pint  of  flummeiy,  one  pint  of  new 
milk 


Per  diem.— Quarter  of  a  pound  of 
bread,  one  quart  (if  gruel,  tliree 
pints  of  new  milk,  ha  f  a  pint 
of  II  immery.  Barley  water  at 
occasions. 


Breakfast.— One  half  quartern  loaf  foi  every  four,  and  one 
pint  of  new  milk  each.  Um\ci  12  years,  half  a  quartern 
loaf  for  every  eight. 

Dinner. — ■(],  3,  5)— One  pound  of  beef,  and  ivvo  pounds  of 
potatoes.    Under  12  years,  half  a  pound   of  beef,  and 

one  paind  of  potatoes. (2,  4,   C,  ?)— Potatoes  and 

mi  k. 

Supper — One  pint,  of  milk  and  one  of  stirabout,  for 
adults;  half  do.  for  children 


Cork  Feyer  Hos- 
pital. 


Breakfast— One-fourth  of  a  ]l>.  of, 
bread,  witli  milk  and  wa:er 
sweetened. 

Dinner. — Gruel,  broth,  wine,  and 
porter,  as  ordeied  bj 
siciaiis. 


IV.  UNITED  STATES. 


Pennsylvania  Hos- 
pital, 
Philadelphia. 


li  eakfast. —  Tea,  coffee,  or  chocolate,  with  sui'ar  or  mo- 
lasses and  milk,  and  common  baker's  biead  at  di-cre- 
tion. 

Dinner.— Soup,  always  ;— meat  of  two  kinds — mutton  and 
beef,  general'y — pork  frequently;  vegeiab:es,  according 
■to  the  season  ;  potatoes  and  rice,  always 

Supper.— Tea  nod  bread:  no  butter  allowed  either  to 
breakfas1  or  supper,  unless  prescribed. 


Gruel,  gum  water,  barley  water; 
and  other  ariicles  presciibed  by 
the  physician. 


Philadelphia  Ho.=- 

l'l  1\L, 

(Blockley.) 


.lousii  Diet. — A.  row-root,  grue  ,  sago,  t.ipioca,  rice,  beef 
tea,  beef  essence,  chicken  water,  rice  water,  barley 
water,  gum  water,  flaxseed  t  a,  lemonade.     (The  diet 
on  which  the  sick  are  placed  on  entering  the  house  un 
til  otherwise  direct  id.) 

Moderate  Hie  r.— Tea,  crackers,  troth,  rice,  mush,  mi:k, 
potatoes.  &c. 

Full  D  et. —  Bread  coffee,  t  a,  while  meat,  mutton,  beef, 
ham.  eees  butter,  soup,  pom  toes,  &c. 


The  kind  and  quantity  left  to  the 
physician.  The  Mouse  Diet 
may  be  regarded  as  low  diet. 


New  York  Hospi- 
tal, 
New  York  City. 


a,-,aKjasi.— bread   and    blaik    lea,    one   ounce   ol    tea    to 
i  very  six,  and  a  pint  of  m  Ik  to  every  eight  patients. 

Dinner. — Tuesdays,  Wednesdays,  Thursdays,  and  Satur- 
days, beef  soup,  with  beef  and  potatoes,  and  bread. 
On  Mondays,  boiled  nee,  with  one  gill  of  molasses. 

Supper. — 'I'h  ■  same  as  breakfast. 


Special  diet  is  directed  by  the  at 
lending  physician,  and  adapted 
to  eacli  ease. 


The  Diet  Scale  of  the  British  Navy  allows  from 
31  to  35j  ounces  of  dry  nutritious  matter  daily  ; 
of  which  26  ounces  are  vegetable,  and  the  rest 
animal — 9  ounces  of  salt  meat,  or  Ah  ounces  of 
fresh.  In  the  Edinburgh  workhouse  the  total 
allowance  of  dry  food  is  about  17  ounces — 13 
ounces  vegetable,  and  4  ounces  animal.  In  the 
Edinburgh  children's  poor  house,  the  diet  con- 
sists of'milk  and  porridge,  barley  broth  and 
bread,  amounting  to  13  ounces  of  vegetable 
food  to  3  ounces  of  animal.  These  allowances 
have  been  found  ample  for  the  maintenance  of 
health.  Perhaps  the  case  of  the  smallest  quan- 
tity of  food  on  which  life  was  vigorously  sup- 
ported was  that  of  Cornaro,—  not  more  than  12 
ounces  a  day,  chiefly  of  vegetable  matter,  for  a 
period  of  58  years. 

DIET  DRINK.  A  decoction  or  potion,  vari- 
ously composed,  and  used  in  considerable  quan- 
tity, for  the  purpose  of  puiifying  ihe  blond. 
The  Decoctum  Lusitanicum,  or  Lisbon  Diet- 
drink,  is  one  of  the  most  celebrated.  See  De- 
coctum Sarsaparillra  Compositum, 

DIETETICS,  DI/ETET'ICft,  DLETET'- 
ICA,  Medici' na  Dixtet'irn;  same  etymon,  (F.) 
Di-ltetique  A  branch  of  medicine,  comprising 
the  rules  to  be  followed  for  preventing,  reliev- 
ing, or  curing  diseases  by  diet.  Dietetics  is 
diet  administered  according  to  principle.  It  is 
an  important  part  of  Hygiene,  (which  see.)  A 
well  regulated  system  of  diet  has  great  power 


in  checking  disease,  and  likewise  in  preventing 
it.  A  proper  knowledge  of  dietetics  is,  indeed, 
as  important  as  that  of  the  Materia  Medica, 
strictly  so  called. 

Dietetics  is  used,  also,  synonymously  with 
Hygiene. 

DlZTllTlQl'E,  Dietetics. 

DIETET'ISTS.  Diaetetis'ti.  Physicians  who 
apply  only  the  rules  of  dietetics  to  the  treat- 
ment of  disease. 

D1EU-LE  FILT,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
The  waters  of  Dieu-le-filt.  in  France,  are  chaly- 
beate, and  much  sought  after. 

DIEURYSMUS,  Dilatation. 

DIEX'ODOS,  from  du,  and  &do$,  'an  exit 
or  way  out.'  Di'odos.  Any  opening,  by  which 
an  excretion  takes  place. 

DIFFICULTAS  INTESTINORUM,  Dysen- 
tery. 

DIFFLATIO,  Perspiration. 

DIFFORMITE,  Deformation. 

DIFFUSIBLE,  (stimulants)  from  diff undcre, 
(dis  and  funderc,  fusum,  'to  pour,')  'to  pour 
apart  or  abroad.'  Those  stimulating  medicines, 
which  augment  the  action  of  the  vascular  and 
nervous  systems  in  an  acute  but  transitory 
manner. 

DIGAS'TRICUS,  from  Sic,  'twice,' and  y*<r- 
ti;§,  'a  belly:'  Bivcn'trr,  11.  Maxilt'ae,  Dep'rimens 
Mixiilx  Bivcn'ter,  Bigaster,  Mastoido-hyogenien, 
Misiutdo-gcnien.—  (C\\.,)  (F.)  Digustrique]Abais- 


DIGASTRICUS  CRANI1 


251 


DIGESTIBLE 


;■  de  la  wachoire  inferieure.  The  name  Di- 
gastrictis,  was  formerly  given  to  several  mus- 
cles. It  is  now  restricted  to  one  of  the  muscles 
of  the  superior  hyoid  region.  The  digastricus 
:s  thick  and  fleshy  at  ils  extremities;  thin  and 
tendinous  at  its  middle.  It  is  attached  to  the 
mastoid  groove  of  the  temporal  bone,  and  to  a 
fosselte  at  the  side  of  the  symphysis  menti.  Its 
tendon  passes  through  an  aponeurotic  ring, 
which  is  attached  to  the  os  hyoides. 

The  use  of  the  digastricus  is,  to  depress  the 

lower  jaw,  or  to  raise  the  os  hyoides,  and  to 

carry  it  forwards  or  backwards,  as  in  deglutition. 

The  strong  double-bellied  muscle.which  forms 

the  gizzard  of  birds,  is  also  called  Digastricus. 

Digastricus  Giianii,  Occipito-frontalis. 

DIGASTRIQUE,  Digastricus. 

DIGERENTIA,  Digestives. 

DIGESTIBLE,  Concoc'tus  hah'ilis.  Capa- 
ble of  being  digested.  All  food  is  not  equally 
digestible,  and  some  of  the  most  nourishing  is 


the  least  so  : — the  fat  of  meat,  for  example 
Certain  substances  again  are  entirely  rebel- 
lious. The  following  table  exhibits  the  time 
required  for  the  stomachal  digestion  of  different 
alimentary  substances,  in  a  well-known  case, 
which  fell  under  the  care  of  Dr.  Beaumont. 
The  table  is  extracted  from  the  Author's  Hu- 
man Health,  Philadelphia,  1844.  The  most 
digestible  substances  are  taken  as  the  stan- 
dard, which  has  been  arbitrarily  fixed  at 
1,000;  and  accordingly,  aponeurosis,  the  first 
article  in  the  table,  requiring  3  hours,  whilst 
pigs'  feet  soused,  rice,  &c.  require  but  one,  its 
digestibility,  compared  with  that  of  these  ali- 
ments, is  as  333  to  1000;  and  so  of  the  others. 
It  need  scarcely  be  said,  that  all  these  tabular  re- 
sults applv,  in  strictness,  to  the  individual  con- 
cerned only  ;  yet  they  afford  useful  comparative 
views,  which  with  exceptions  depending  upon 
individual  peculiarities,  may  be  regarded  as  ap- 
proximations, applicable  to  mankind  in  general. 


Aponeurosis 

Apples,  mellow 

Do.    sour,  hard 

Do.     sweet,  mellow. . . 

Barley 

Bass  striped,  fresh 

leans,  pod 

Do.    ami  green  com. . 
r.  ief,  fresh,  lean,  rare. . .  . 

I).),     do.     (in      dry 

steak 

Do.    with  sa!    only 

Do.    with  mustard,  &c  . 

Do 

Do    old,  hard  salted. . . . 

Bei  - 

Brains,  animal 

in 

Do.      wheat,  fresh 

Buttert 

i  abbage,  head. 

with  vinegar.. . 

Do 

Cake,  corn 

Do.    sponge 

Carrot,  orange 

Cartilage 

Catfish,   fresh 

old,  si  rong 

Chicken,  full  grown 

Codfi  h,  cured  dry 

rid  beans.. 

Custard 

ated. 

Do     wild 

!>ui!i]ii  n-7,  apple 

Girgs,  fre»h 

Mo.     do 

Do.      do 



Do. 
Do. 


Form  of 
prepara- 
tion. 


do 

do 

PI  m  ider,  fresh.  . .. 

Fo'A  l-,ll    - 

Do.         do 

Gelatin 

lo  se,  n  ild 

H  ar  .  animal 

Lamb,  f.esh 

Liver,  bei  I 


>.  &  ,;  # 

-  c  £  r  •■=  ± 

—    OJ  ^3 

■ -  -  3  2 

?<--=  t  -5 

-  .-  ".'  - s 


boiled 

raw 
do. 
do. 

boiled 
broiled 
boiled 

do. 
roa-ted 

do. 
broiled 
boiled 

do. 
fried 
boiled 
boiled 
boiled 
baked 
bak  d 
melted 
raw 
do. 
boiled 
baked 
do. 
boiled 

do. 
fried 
raw 

fricasseed 
boiled 
boiled 
bak  id 
roasted 

do. 

Soiled 

hard  boiled 
sofl  bi  il  i  : 
fried 
roai  ii  d 
raw 

whipped 
ried 
boiled 
I 

boiled 

oasied 

lid 

boiled 

do. 


:i 

2  31 

j  4. 
3 

3  31 
3 

■J!  45 
3  30 
{ 

i  I 
:  45 
i  4: 
i  K 
.:  30 
3  30 
2  30 
2 

1  30 
3 

2  30 

3  15 
-t  15 
3  30 
:!  30 

> 

3  45 
I  45 

l 

1  30 

I 

:  3d 

! 
3  3(1 

2  15 

4 

1 

1  : ■■■ 

2  :  o 


Aliments. 


333 

500 

545 
500 
333 
400 
266 
333 
285 
333 
363 
285 
250 
235 
2b6 
571 
302 
285 

400 
500 
222 
333 
400 
302 
235 
285 
285 
363 
500 
26  '. 

250 
2'j2 
333 
285 
333 
285 
411 
500 

285 

'2.-0 

■Jel) 

400 
400 
250 
400 
50  i 


Marrow,  animal,  spinal,. 
Meat  and  vegetables. ..  . 

.Milk 

Ho 

Mutton,  fresh 

Do.        do 

Do.        do.  •••• 

Oysters,  fresh- 

Do.        do 

Do.        do 

Parsnips 

Pig,  sucking 

1  igs'  feet,  soused 

Cork,  fat  and  lean 

I  lo.  r  icently  sailed. .. . 

Do.  do 

Do.  do 

D>.  do 

Do.  do 

Potatoes,  Irish 

Do.  do 

Do.  do 

Pice 

Sago 

Salmon,  salted 

S.iu  age,  f.e.-h 

soup,  barley 

Do.   bean 

Do.  beef,  vegetables, 
and  bread 

Do.  chicken 

Soup  marrow  bones 

Do.  mutton.  

ter 

Suet,  beef,  fresh 

Do.    mutton 

Tapioca 

Tendon, ,boiled 

Tripe,  sous  d 

rrou  .  salmon,  fresh 

Do.        do 

Tu'kev,  domestic 

Do.  '  do 

Do       wild 

Turnips,  flal 

Veal,  fresh 

Do.      do 

Vegetables      and      meat 

bashed 

Venison,  steak 


Form  of 

prepara- 
tion. 


boiled 

hashed 

boiled 

raw 

roasted 

broiled 

boiled 

raw 

roasted 

•tewed 

boiled 

roasted 

boiled 

rousted 

boiled 

died 

broiled 

raw 

stewed 

boiled 

roasted 

baked 

boi  ed 

do. 

do. 

broiled 
boiled 
do. 

do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 

do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
fried 

roasted 

boiled 

roasted 

boiled 

broiled 

fried 

warmed 
broiled 


z  ■  -  -^ 


2  c  o  ~ 
5?.e- 


li  m. 
2  40 

2  30 

•2  15 

3  15 
3 

3 

2  55 

3  15 

3  30 
2  30 

2  30 
1 

.5   15 

4  30 
4  15 

3  15 
3 
3 
3  30 

2  30 

3  20 
1 

1  45 
4 

A  20 
1  30 
3 

4 
3 

4  15 
1  30 

3  30 

5  30 

4  30 

5  30 
I 

I  30 

1  30 
!  30 

2  25 
2  18 

I  30 
1 
1  30 

I  30 

1  35 


375 
400 
500 
444 
307 
333 
333 
342 
307 
285 
400 
400 

1000 
190 
222 
235 
302 
333 
333 
2H5 
400 
400 

1000 
571 
2.50 
300 
666 
333 

250 
333 
235 
2s5 
2r5 
J81 
222 
500 
181 
1000 
666 
666 
400 
511 
435 
285 
250 
222 

400 
631 


*  Pig>  feet  soused, rice,  and  tripe  soused,  being  the  moA  digestible  articles  in  the  table,  are  estimated  at  1000. 
i    In  tin1  rase  of  oils,  and  other  substance    of  similar  nature,  which  undergo  little  digestion  in  the  stomach, 
the  lime  merely  indicates  the  period  that  elapses  before  they  are  sent  into  the  duodenum. 


DIGESTIO  DEPRAVATA 


252 


DILATING  AGENTS 


DIGESTIO  DEPRAVATA,  Dyspepsia— d. 
Diflicilis,  Dyspepsia — d.  Lccsa,  Dyspepsia. 

DIGESTION,  Digest' io,  from  digerere,  'to 
dissolve.'  Coc'tio,  Pep'sis.  Digestion  is  a  func- 
tion, by  means  of  which  alimentary  substances, 
when  introduced  into  the  digestive  canal,  un- 
dergo different  alterations.  The  object  of  this 
is  to  convert  them  into  two  parts;  the  one,  a 
reparatory  juice,  destined  to  renew  the  perpe- 
tual waste  occurring  in  the  economy:  the 
other,  deprived  of  its  nutritious  properties,  to  be 
rejected  from  the  body.  This  function  is  com- 
posed of  a  series  of  organic  actions,  differing 
according  to  the  particular  organization  of  the 
animal.  In  man  they  are  eight  in  number,  viz. 
I.  Prehension  of  food.  2.  Mastication.  3.  In- 
salivation.  4.  Deglutition.  5.  Action  of  the 
stomach.  C.  Action  of  the  small  intestine.  7. 
Action  of  the  large  intestine.  8.  Expulsion  of 
the  fasces. 

Digestion  is  also  a  pharmaceutical  operation, 
which  consists  in  treating  certain  solid  sub- 
stances with  water,  alcohol,  or  other  men- 
struum, at  a  slightly  elevated  temperature;  for 
example,  in  a  sand-bath,  or  by  leaving  them 
exposed  for  some  time  to  the  sun. 

DIGESTIVE  TUBE,  Canal,  alimentary. 

DIGESTIVES,  Digesti'va,  Digeren'lia,-  same 
etymon.  (F.)  Digestifs.  A  term  given,  by  sur- 
geons, to  those  substances,  which,  when  applied 
to  a  wound  or  ulcer,  promote  suppuration  ;  such 
as  the  ceratum  resinae,  warm  cataplasms,  fomen- 
tations, &c.  Dr.  Paris  uses  the  term  Digestive 
Texture  for  the  particular  organic  condition  of 
substances  which  affects  their  digestibility. 

DIG"ITAL,  Digita'lis,-  from  digitus,  'a 
finger:'  having  the  shape  of  a  finger,  digitated; 
or  belonging  to  the  fingers. 

The  Jlppen'dix  vermifor'mis  cceci  is  some- 
times called  Dig"ital  Appen'dix. 

Digital  Arteriks,  Veins,  and  Nerves  are 
those  distributed  to  the  fingers. 

Digital  Impressions  are  the  slight  impres- 
sions observable  on  the  inner  surface  of  the 
bones  of  the  cranium,  which  correspond  to  the 
cerebral  convolutions. 

DIGITAL  BLANC,  Clavaria— d.  Cavity, 
Cornu  descendens  ventriculi  lateralis — d.  IIu- 
main,  Clavaria. 

DIGITA'LE.  Same  etymon.  (F.)  Doigticr. 
A  finger  stall.  The  term  Doigtier  d'JJsdrubaU 
lias  been  given  to  a  small  iron  instrument  used 
in  measuring  the  dimensions  of  the  pelvis 
Placed  at  the  end  of  the  index  finger,  it  adds 
to  its  length  and  enables  it  to  reach  the  pro- 
montory of  the  sacrum. 

D1GITALINE,  see  Digitalis. 

DIGITA'LIS,  from  digitus,  'a  finger,'  be- 
cause its  flower  represents  a  ringer;  Din-ita'- 
lis  purpu'ria,  Foy-glove,  Badcharis,  Bucchar, 
Baccar.  (?)  Family,  Scroplmlarinese.  Sex. 
Sijst.  Didynamia  Angiospermia;  (F.)  Digitale, 
Gants  de  natre  dume,  Doigtier.  The  leaves  of 
this  plant,  which  are  indigenous  in  Great  Britain, 
are  powerfully  sedative,  (diminishing  the  velo- 
city of  the  pulse.)  diuretic, and  sorbefaoient.  In 
over-doses,  Digitalis  causes  vomiting,  purging, 
dimness  of  sight,  vertigo,  delirium,  hiccough, 
convulsions,  and  death: — all  the  symptoms,  in 
short,  which  characterize  the  acro-narcotic  class 
of  poisons.  Its  active  principle  has  been  called 
Dig"italine. 

Digitalis  has  been  administered  in  inflam- 


matory diseases,  phthisis,  active  hemorrhage, 
dropsy,  &c;  but  although  it  is  a  powerful 
remedy,  it  has  not  been  as  much  employed 
as  it  probably  would  have  been  in  particular 
cases,  owing  to  the  over-strained  eulogiuins, 
which  many  have  passed  upon  it  in  almost  all 
diseases.  The  dose  is  from  one  to  three  grains, 
in  the  form  of  pill,  which  may  be  repeated 
every  six  or  eight  hours. 

Digitalis  Minima,  Gratiola  officinalis. 

DIGIT ATION,  Digita.'lio,  Produc'tto  denia'ta, 
Inscr'tlo  denlicula'ta,  I.  digita'ta.  A  division,  in 
the  form  of  a  finger.  Several  muscles,  as  the 
serrati,  exhibit  digitations,  similar  to  those 
which  Ihe  fingers  form,  when  held  separate. 

DIG1T"1UM.  Desiccation  or  atrophy  of  the 
fingers. — Linnreus.  Sauvages  calls  the  same 
affection  Paronyck'ia  Digit"  ium. 

DIGITOKUM  TENSOR,  Extensor  brevis 
digitorum  pedis. 

DIGTPUS,  Dudtyhs,  a  Finger,  (F.)  Daigt. 
A  name  given  to  the  prolongations  which 
form  the  extremity  of  the  hand.  There  are 
five  on  each  hand:  the  first, or  the  thumb,  Anti- 
chcir,  Pullex,  Manus  parva  niajo'ri  adjutrix, 
Dig"ilus  primus,  D.  ma  gnus,  Pro' manus,  (F.) 
Police,-  the  second,  the  index  or  indicator,  fa/a.- 
rue,  Lichan'os;  the  third,  the  me'dius,  pure;, 
(F.)  Doigt  du  milieu,  middle  finger  or  Ion" 
finger;  the  fourth,  the  ring  finger,  annula'ris, 
7raQ3.ui<To<;,  Param'esos,  (F.)  Annulaire,-  and  the 
little  finger,  Oti'tes,  o>t<t»;s,  Dig" bus  anriculu'ris, 
(F.)  Auriculuire,  Petit  doigt.  All  of  these  have 
throe  phalanges,  except  the  first,  which  has 
only  two. 

Dig"itus  Annularis,  Annular  finger — d.In- 
dicatorius,  Index. 

Dig"jtus  Pedis.  A  Toe.  (¥.)  Orleil.  The 
toes  are  five  in  number,  and  distinguished  nu- 
merically, reckoning  from  within  to  without. 
The  first  is,  also,  called  great  toe,  (F.)  grosorteil; 
the  fifth,  the  little  toe,  petit  orteil.  They  have 
nearly  the  same  organization  as  the  fingers. 

DIGNATHUS;  from  St,  'double,' and  Yv*6og, 
'lower  jaw.'  A  monster  having  two  lower 
jaws. — Gurlt. 

DIGNOTIO,  Diagnosis. 

DIHYSTE'RIA,  Dime'tra;  from  i,,  'double,' 
and  'voitpt],  '  uterus.'  The  state  in  which  there 
is  a  double  uterus. 

DILACEIIATIO,  Laceration. 

DILAT.1XTS,  Dilating  agents. 

D  I  LJ)  TA  TE  UR,  Dilator-*/.  AnUrieur  du 
larynx,  Cricothyroid   muscle — d.  Puslen 
larynx,  Crioo-arvtenoid,  posterior. 

DILATATIO"  BROMCHIORUM,  Bronchi- 
ectasis-d  Ventriculi,  Gastrectasis— d.  Intes- 
tinorum,  Enterectasis. 

DILATATION,  Dilata'tio,  from  dilntare, 
(latum  facer e,)  'to  enlarge;'  Eurys'mus,  Ancu- 
rys'mus,  Dieurys'mus.  Augmentation  of  the 
bulk  of  a  body,  occasioned  by  a  separation  of 
some  of  its  molecules.  Caloric  has  the  pro- 
perty of  dilating  all  bodies.  In  Surgery,  it 
means  the  accidental  or  preternatural  augmen- 
tation of  a  canal  or  opening;  as  in  aneurisms, 
varices,  &c,  or  the  process  of  enlarging  any 
aperture  or  canal.  When  used  so  as  to  ob- 
tain a  view  of  parts,  as  by  the  speculum,  it  is 
termed  Dioptrismus. 

DILAT.iTOIRE,  Dilator. 

DILATATORIUS.  Dilator. 

DILATING  AGENTS, Dilatan'tia,(Y.)  Di- 


DILATOR 


253 


DIPHTIIERITIS 


lalunls.  Certain  substances  used  in  surgery, 
cither  to  keep  parts  separate  which  have  a  ten- 
dency to  unite — as  after  opening  an  abscess,  to 
prevent  the  edges  of  the  incision  from  uniting;,, 
or  to  increase  and  dilate  openings  or  canals, 
either  when  natural,  or  formed  accidentally  or 
artificially.  These  agents  differ  from  each  other: 
the  chief  are, — prepared  Sponge  tents,  gentian 
root,  bougies,  sounds,  dried  peas  for  issues,  &c. 
DILATOR,  DilataU/rius,  (F.)  Dilatateur, ou 
Dilatatoire.  A  muscle,  whose  office  it  is  to 
dilate  certain  parts;  such  as  the  inspiratory 
muscles,  which  dilate  the  chest. 

Dilator,  Dilatalo'rium  (F.)  Dilatateur.  An 
instrument,  used  for  dilating  a  wound,  excre- 
tory canal,  or  other  natural  or  artificial  open- 
ing. When  employed  to  obtain  an  inspection 
of  internal  parts,  it  is  termed  Spec'ulum,  Diop- 
tra  or  Dioprtron.  There  are  several  instruments 
of  this  kind, each  taking  its' name  from  the  part 
to  which  it  is  applied;  as  the  Speculum  Oris, 
S.  Nasi,  S.  Uteri,  &c. 

Dilator,  Arnott's.  A  modification  of  the 
old  dilators  for  strictures  of  the.  urethra.  It 
consists  of  a  lube  of  oiled  silk;  lined  with  the 
thin  gut  of  some  small  animal  to  make  it  air- 
tight, and  fixed  on  the  extremity  of  a  small 
canula,  by  which  it  is  distended  with  air  or 
water,  from  a  bag  or  syringe  at  the  outer  end, 
whilst  a  stopcock  or  valve  serves  to  keep  the 
air  or  water  in,  when  received.  As  soon  as  the 
bag  is  passed  within  the  stricture  or  strictures, 
as  much  air  is  to  be  injected  into  it  as  the  pa- 
tient can  easily  bear.  The  instrument  is  not 
much  used. 

Dilatores  Alauuji  Nasi,  Compressor  naris. 
DILL,  Anethum  jrraveolens. 
DILLY,  Anthemis  cotula. 
DILUEN'TIA,  from  diluo  (dis,  and  here,) 
'I  wash  away.'  (F.)  Delayants.  Medicines 
which  have  been  conceived  proper  for  augment- 
ing the  fluidity  of  the  blood  and  other  animal 
liquids.  All  aqueous  drinks  are  diluents.  They 
are  administered,  with  great  advantage,  in  va- 
rious diseases.  In  fever,  water,  which  is  the 
most  familiar  diluent,  may  be  freely  allowed; 
the  only  precaution  being  to  give  it  hot  in  the 
cold  stage,  cold  in  the  hot,  and  tepid  in  the 
sweating.  In  diseases,  where  it  is  considered 
necessary  to  abstract  blood  largely,  diluents 
should  not  be  given  too  freely.  The  abstrac- 
tion of  blood  occasions  activity  of  absorption, 
and  the  mass  is  speedily  restored.  In  cases  of 
inflammation  of  the  mammae,  in  nurses,  it  is 
also  obvious,  that  diluents  should  not  be  freely 
allowed,  as  they  increase  the  secretion  of  milk, 
and^add  to  the  irritation.  When  demulcents 
are  exhibited  in  cases  of  urinary  disease,  they 
act  simply  as  diluents:  their  mucilaginous 
portion  is  digested  in  the  stomach  and  small 
intestine, — the  watery  portion  alone  being  se- 
parated by  the  kidney. 

DILWEED,  Anthemis  cotula. 
D1METRA,  Dihysteria. 
DINAiVT,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.    Di- 
n.:  nt  is  a  small  town,  six  leagues  from  St.  Malo, 
in  France,  where  are   mineral  waters,  contain- 
ing carbonate  of  iron,  chloride  of  sodium,  &c. 
They  are  much  esteemed. 
DINGLE,  Dengue. 

DIN'ICA,  from  dtvtw,  'I  turn  round.'  Medi- 
cines which  relieve  vertigo. 


DINOS,  Vertigo. 

DLNUS  SCOTOMA,  Scotodynia—d.  Vertigo, 
Vertigo. 
DIOBOLON,  Scruple. 
DIOCRLS,  Pastil. 
DIODOS,  Diexodos. 
DICECLSIS,  Dispensation. 
DIONCO'SIS,    from    dice,   and    oyy.og,  'a   tu- 
mour.'    The  Methodists  applied  this  name  to 
a  sort  of  tumefaction  or    plethora,   occurring 
either  directly  from  too  great  a  quantity  of  fluid 
circulating  in  t lie  system,  or  owingr  to  the  re- 
tention of   substances  which  ought  to  be  ex- 
creted.    It  is  the  antithesis  to  symptosis.     See 
Intumescence. 

DIONYSIA'NUS,  from  Aiowaog,  'Bacchus,' 
who  is  represented  b  the  poets  as  wearing 
horns.  One  who  has  long  or  hornlike  excres- 
cences. 

DIOiNYSIS'CUS,  same  etymon.  One  who 
has  a  long  horn-like  excrescence  on  the  frontal 
region. —  Voire  I. 

DIOPHTHALMUS,  Binoculus.   . 
DIOPTRA,  Speculum,  see  Dilator. 
DIOPTRON,  Speculum,  see  Dilator. 
DIOITRISMUS,  Dilatation. 
DIORTHO'SIS,   from   Sico&tw,  'I   make 
straight.'     The  reduction  of  a  fractured  or  lux- 
ated limb. 

DIOSCOREA,  see  Yarn. 
DIOS'MA,  D.  crenata. 

Dios'ma  Crena'ta,  from  Sioc,  'divirw?,'  and 
gctio;,  'odour.'  Baros'ma  crena'ta,  Jigatlios'ma 
crena'tum,  Buchu  Leaves — Diosma  (Ph.  U.  S.) — 
Buckho.  A  South  African  plant,  the  powder  of 
whose  leaves  is  used  by  the  Hottentots  to  per- 
fume their  bodies.  It  has  been  employed  in 
chronic  affections  of  the  bladder  and  urinary 
organs  in  general.  It  has  also  been  given  in 
cholera. 

DIOS'PYROS  LOTUS,  apparently  from  Sioc, 
'divine,'  and  jivoug,  'wheat,'  but  why  is  not 
clear;  Faba  Grceca,  the  Indian  Date  Plum.  (F.) 
Plaqueminier  a"  Europe.  This  tree  grows  in 
some  of  the  southern  parts  of  Europe.  Its  fruit 
is  very  astringent,  and  has  been  recommended 
in  dysentery  and  hemorrhages. 

Dios'pvuos  Virginia'na,  Lotus  Virginia'na, 
Persim'mon.  A  common  tree  in  the  middle 
parts  of  the  United  States.  The  fruit,  Persim'- 
mnns,  Yellow  Plums,  Winter  Plums, Seeded P/ums, 
which  is  only  eatable  after  frost  (when  it  is 
tolerable)  is  sometimes  made  into  cakes  with 
bran.  These,  being  dried  in  an  oven,  are  kept 
to  make  beer.  When  bruised  in  water,  fermen- 
tation takes  place.  The  unripe  fruit  is  distress- 
ingly acerb  and  astringent.  The  bark  of  the 
tree  is  extremely  bitter,  Diospyros  (Ph.  U.  S.)  ; 
and  may  be  used  where  bitters  are  indicated. 

DIO'i'A  or  DYOTA.     A  wooden  cup,  lined 
with   a  composition  of  resin,  cinnamon,  c/ores, 
and  ginger,  to  give    more  flavour  to  beer.     It 
was  formerly  much  used  in  the  north  of  Europe. 
DIPH'RYGES.    The  oxide  of  copper,  more 
or   less    pure      The    ancients    reckoned    three 
kinds  of  diphryges,  which  they  used  as  astrin- 
gents 
DIPHTHERIA.  Diphtheritis. 
DIP  11  'Pill:  P,  I  T E  B LOCALE,  Stomatitis 
pseudomembranous. 

1)1 1'HTI  I  ERI'TIS,  Diphtheria,  Diphtheric  ic 

Inflammation,  JPellic'ular    Inflammation,    from 

j  diq depa,  '  a  membrane.'     A  name  given  by  M. 


DIPHTHERITIC  OF  THE  THROAT     254 


DISOUTIENTS 


Bretonneau,  to  a  class  of  diseases,  characterized 
by  a  tendency  to  the  formation  of  false  mem- 
branes, and  which  affect  the  dermoid  tissue, 
as  the  mucous  membranes,  and  even  the  skin. 

Diphtheiutis  of  the  Throat.  Angina  pel- 
licularis. 

Diphtheritis  Trachealis,  Gynanche  tra- 
chealis. 

D1PLASIASMUS,  Duplication. 

DIP'LOE,  from  dmXom,  'I  double,'  Diplo'sis, 
Meditul'lium,  Medium  CaloaritB  Discri'men.  The 
cellular  structure,  which  separates  the  two  ta- 
bles of  the  skull  from  each  other.  The  an- 
cients applied  the  term,  also,  to  the  proper  coat 
of  the  uterus  (?)  —  Rolfink.  in  Castelli. 

The  Diploe  has  the  same  use  as  the  cellular 
structure  of  bones  in  general.     See  Oancelli. 

DIPLOGEN'ESIS;  SmUoog,  'double,'  and 
yevtoig,  'generation.'  An  organic  deviation, 
which  is  owinor  to  the  union  of  two  germs. 

DIPLOLEPIS  GALLiE  TINCTORL-E, 
see  Quercus  infecloria. 

DIPLO'MA.  Same  etymon  as  Diploe.  A 
letter  or  writing  conferring  some  privilege. 
Usually  applied  to  the  document,  certifying 
that  a  person  has  obtained  the  title  of  Doctor. 
It  was  so  called  because  formerly  written  on 
waxed  tables,  folded  together.  Diploma  is  also 
used  in  pharmacy  for  a  vessel  with  durable 
walls,  as  a  water  bath. 

DIPLO'PIA,  from  dinXocg,  'double,'  and 
o7rro^iAi%  '  I  see.'  Visus  Duplica'tus,  Ditto' pin, 
Ditto])' sia ,  Jimphamphoterodiop'  sia ,  Amphodiplo- 
pia,  Double  Vision  (F.)  Bevue.  An  affection  of 
the  sight,  in  which  two  distinct  sensations  are 
produced  by  the  same  object,  which  conse- 
quently seems  double.  Sometimes  more  than 
two  are  seen  ;  but  still  the  disease  is  termed 
Diplo'pia  and  Suffu'sio  Mult'iplicans.  This  af- 
fection arises  from  some  derangement  in  the 
visual  axes;  in  consequence  of  which,  the 
images  are  not  impressed  on  corresponding 
parts  of  the  retina  of  each  eye. 

D1PLOSIS,  Diploe,  Duplication. 

DIPLOSO'MA ;  from  dirAooc,  'double,' and 
cwitx,  'body.'  The  Diplosoma  crenala  is  an  im- 
perfectly described  entozoon,  which  has  been 
passed  from  the  urinary  bladder.  It  varies  in 
length  from  four  to  six  or  eight  inches,  and 
is  thinnest,  at  the  middle,  where  it  is  bent  at  an 
acute  angle  upon  itself,  so  that  the  two  halves 
hang  nearly  parallel,  and  give  to  it  an  appear- 
ance as  if  two  worms  had  been  tied  together 
by  their  heads.  It  has  been  confounded  with 
the  Spiroptera  hominis,  (q.  v.) 

DIPiNOOS,  from  dig,  and  sr»oij,  'breath.' 
Having  two  vent  holes.  Bispirus.  An  epi- 
thet applied  to  wounds  which  pass  through  any 
part,  and  admit  the  air  at  both  ends. — Galen. 

DIPROSO'PUS.  Iriod'ymus,  et  Opod'ymus, 
from  Sis, '  double,'  and  s-ocjoitdi',  '  countenance. 
A  monster  having  a.  double  face. 

DIPSA,  Thirst. 

DIPSACOS,  Diabetes. 

DIP'SACUS  SYLVES'TRIS,  from  8,xf>*, 
'  thirst,'  said  to  be  so  called  owing  to  the  leaves 
being  so  placed  as  to  hold  water.  Cultivated 
Teasel,  (F.)  Cardhe.  The  roots  of  this  Eu- 
ropean plant  are  diuretic  and  sudorific.  The 
water,  which  collects  at  the  base  of  the  leaves, 
lias  been  recommended  as  an  eye-water. 

Dip'sacus  Fui.Lo'i\r  m,  Herba  Cn/dui  Ven'eris; 
(F.)  Carderccultive,  Chardonafouhn,  Char  don 


a  bonnetier,  has  had  similar  properties  ascribed 
to  it.  Both  have  been  also  regarded  as  sto- 
machic. 

DIPSET'ICOS,  from  dnp*,<  thirst.'  A  remedy 
Relieved  to  be  capable  of  exciting  thirst.  See 
Alterative. 

DIPSOMANIA,  from  S,ip*, ,' thirst,'  and  ma- 
nia.    Drunkenness  :  also,  delirium  tremens. 

DIPSO'SIS.  Same  etymon;  Morbid  thirst. 
The  desire,  for  drinking,  excessive  or  impaired. 
A  genus  in  the  class  Cazliaca,  order  Enlerica,o£ 
Good. 

Dipso'sis  Avens,  Polydipsia  —  d.  Expers7 
Adipsia. 

DIPYRE'NON,from  Sig,  'twice,'  andrcveijv, 
'a  kernel.'  A  specil'lum  or  probe  with  two  but- 
tons or  kernels — one  at  each  end. 

DIPYR1TES,  Biscuit. 

D1PYROS,  Biscuit. 

DIRCA  PALUS'TRIS,  Leatherwood,  Swamp 
Leatherwood,  Moosewood,  Swampwood,  Ropebark, 
Bois  deplomb,( Canada.)  An  indigenous  shrub, 
which  grows  in  boggy  woods  and  low  wet  places 
throughout  the  United  States.  It  is  analogous  to  • 
mezereon,  in  its  action, — six  or  eight  grains  of 
the  fresh  bark  producing  violent  vomiting,  pre- 
ceded by  a  sense  of  heat  in  the  stomach,  often 
followed  by  purging.  Applied  to  the  skin,  the 
bark  vesicates. 

DIRECTOR,  Itinera' r turn,  from  dirigere, 
directum,  (dis,  and  rcgere, '  to  rule,')  '  to  direct.* 
A  Conductor,  (q.  v.)  A  grooved  sound  for 
guiding  a  knife,  in  dividing  any  part.  (F.) 
Sonde  cann'elAe. 

Director  Penis,  Ischio-cavernosus> 

DIRT-EATING,  Ghthonophagia. 

DISGEPTUM,  Diaphragm. 

DISGHARGE',  (dis,  and  charge,)  Ec'roB, 
Fluxus,  Prujlu'vium.  (F.)  Ecoulemcnt.  In  pa- 
thology, an  increased  discharge  from  any  part, 
that,  naturally  secretes  a  fluid. 

DISGHROA,  Dyschroea. 

DISGREET',  from  discernere,  discretion,  'to 
separate,'  Discre'tus,  Intcrtinc'tus,  Separated, 
(F.)  Discret.  This  epithet  is  given  to  certain 
exanthemata,  in  which  the  spots  or  pustules  are 
separated  from  each  other.  It  is  opposed  to 
confluent. 

Discre'ta  Purga'tio.  The  purgation  or  ex- 
pulsion of  some  particular  matter. 

DISCRET,  Discreet. 

D1SORETIVUS,  Diagnostic. 

DISCRETORIUM,  Diaphragm, 

DISGRFM  EN,  Separation,  Division.  A  ban- 
dage, used  in  bleeding  from  the  frontal  vein; 
so  called,  because,  in  passing  along  the  sagittal 
suture,  it  divides  the  head  into  two  equal  parts. 

Discrimen  Cai.varijE  Medium,  Diploe — d. 
Narium,  Septum  N. 

Discrimen  Nasi;  a  bandage,  in  the  form  of 
the  letter  X,  intended  to  support  the  nose,  in 
transverse  wounds  of  the  organ. 

Discrimen  Thoracis  et  Ventris,  Dia- 
phragm. 

DISCUSSIFS,  Discutients. 

DISGUSSIVA,  Discutients. 

DISCUSSIO,  Resolution. 

DISCUSSORIA,  Discutients. 

DISOU'TIENTS,  Diseutien'da,  Resohen'tia, 
Discussi'va,  Discusso'ria,  from  discutere,  'to 
shake  apart,'  (dis,  and  quatere,  'to  shake.') 
(F.)  Discussifs.  Substances  which  possess  the 
power  of  repelling  or  resolving  tumours. 


DISEASE 


255 


DISSIDENTIA 


DISEASE',  from  old  French  desai.se,  dis,  and 
ease  :  Airbus,  Nosos,  Nose' ma,  Pathos,  Pathc'ma, 
JEgrilu'do,  Arrhos'tia,  aQQwarrict,  Arrhoste'ma, 
(tooonT^/uu,  Jirrhoslenia,  ^F.)  Maludic.  An  op- 
posite state  to  that  of  health,  consisting  in 
a  change  either  in  the  position  and  structure 
of  parts,  or  in  the  exercise  of  one  or  more  of 
their  functions. 

Disease,  Blue,  Cyanopathy — d.   of  Bright, 
Kidney,  Bright's  Disease  of  the — d.  English, 
Rachitis— d.    Extrinsic,   External    disease — d. 
Pretended,    Feigned     disease — d.     Simulated, 
Feigned  disease — d.  Surgical,  External  disease. 
D1SEC01A,  Baryecoia. 
DISFIGURATION,  Deformation. 
DISGORGEMENT,  (F.)  Degorgement, from 
de,  and  gorge,  '  the  throat.'     An  opposite  condi- 
tion to  that  of  Engorgement.     The   discharge 
or  abstraction  of  a   certain  quantity  of  fluid, 
which   had  previously  collected  in  a  part;   as 
Disgorgement  of  bile.     It  also  means  particu- 
larly, a  vomit. 

DISGUST',  from  de,  and  gustare,  'to  taste.' 
Cibi  fastid'ium,  AposWia,  Abomina'tio,  Siccha'- 
sia,  Loathing.  An  aversion  for  food.  (F.)  De- 
gout.  Disgust  is  not  the  same  as  Anorexia. 
The  latter  is  only  a  want  of  appetite;  the  former 
consists  in  real  repugnance  for  food. 

DISINFECTANT,  Disinfectans,from  d!s,and 
infect.  This  term  has  been  restricted  by  some 
to  agents  that  are  capable  of  neutralizing  mor- 
bific effluvia;  but  the  author  includes  under  it, 
also,  agents  that  are  capable  of  removing  any 
incipient  or  fully  formed  septic  condition  of  the 
living  body,  or  of  any  part  of  it. 

DISINFECTING,  LIQUID,  LABAR- 
RAQUE'S,  Liquor  sodas  chlonnalse. 

DISINFECTION,  Disinfec'tio.  The  act  of  de- 
stroying miasmata,  with  which  the  air,  clothing, 
&c,  may  be  infected.  Various  means  have 
been  proposed  for  this  purpose.  Those  most 
commonly  employed  are  : — chlorine,  sulphurous, 
and  chlorohydric  acid  gases,  vapours  of  viuesur, 
nitrons  acid;  and,  what  is,  perhaps,  the  most 
manageable  of  any,  and  the  most  efficacious, — 
chlonnated  lime,  or  any  of  the  chlorides  of 
the  alkalies.  It  is  probable  that  a  true  chemi- 
cal action  occurs  between  these  agents  and  the 
miasmata,  whence  results  a  compound  which 
is  harmless.  D.  also  includes  the  action  of 
antiseptics. 

Chlorine  or  Oxymuriat'ic  Fumiga'tion,  Solu'tio 
alexite'riu  Gaubui'na,  Fumiga'lto  antiloim'ica 
Gaubii,/llcxitt'  riumchlo'ricum,  Fumiga'lio  Guy- 
tonien'sis,  is  made  by  adding  common  salt  Sjiij, 
to  black  oxide  of  manganese  ^j,  sulphuric  acid 
sjj,  and  water  f.  31J.  This  may  be  carried 
through  an  apartment,  or  be  shut  up  in  it. 

Nitrous  Fumiga'tion,  Mexiidrium  Nitricum, 
Fumiga'tioSmithia'nfymxy  be  formed  by  placing 
nitrate  of  potass  %\v,  and  sulphuric  acid  gij,  in 
a  saucer  or  on  hot  sand. 

DISJUNCTI  MORBI.  (From  dis,  and  jun- 
gere,  junctum,  'to  join.')  Disjoined  diseases. 
Fernelius  has  thus  denominated  diseases  which 
occupy  different  organs,  and  are  not  produced 
by  each  other. 

Dislocatio  Lienis  sf.u  Splenis,  Spleneeto- 

DISLOCATION.  Luxation. 

DISORGANIZATION,  Organo'rumdcslrur- 
lio,  (F.)  Disorganization.  A  complete  morbid 
change  in  the  structure  of  an  organ,  or  even 


total  destruction  of  its  texture.  In  sphacelus 
and  sloughy  ulcers  we  have  examples  of  this 
change. 

DISPENSAIRE,  Dispensary,  Dispensatory. 
DISPEN'SARY,  Dispensa'rium,  from  dispell- 
dere,  (dis,  and  pendere,  'to  weigh,')  'to  take 
from  a  weight  or  mass,'  '  to  distribute.'  The 
shop  or  place  in  which  medicines  are  prepared. 
Also,  an  institution  in  which  the  poor  are  fur- 
nished with  advice  and  necessary  medicines. 
(F.)  Dispensaire.  This  word  is  also  used  by 
the  French  synonymously  with  Dispensatory. 
DISPENSATION,  Dispensa'tio,  Dicece'sis. 
The  composition  and  distribution  of  medicines, 
according  to  prescription.  In  France,  it  is 
more  commonly  applied  to  the  weighing,  mea- 
suring, and  arranging  the  articles,  which  have 
to  enter  into  a  formula,  prior  to  combining  them. 
DISPENSATOR,  Apothecary. 
DISrEN'SATORY,  Dispensato'rium;  same 
etymon.  Jlntidola'  rium,  (F.)  Dispensaire.  A 
book  which  treats  of  the  composition  of  medi- 
cines. A  Dispensatory  differs  from  a  Pharma- 
copoeia, in  containing  the  physical  and  medical 
history  of  the  various  substances;  whilst  the 
Pharmacopoeia  is  restricted  to  the  mode  of  pre- 
paring them,  &c.  The  Pharmacopoeia,  too,  is 
published  under  the  authority  of,  and  by,  the 
members  of  a  college  or  association;  whilst  a 
dispensatory  contains  the  whole  of  the  Pharma- 
copoeia or  Pharmacopoeias,  with  additions  by 
the  author,  under  whose  authority,  alone,  it 
usually  appears.  The  Pharmacopoeia,  in  other 
words,  is  officinal,-  the  Dispensatory,  generally. 
private.  Formerly,  the  words  were  used  in- 
discriminately. See  Formulary  and  Pharma- 
copoeia. 

DISPLACEMENT,  Percolation. 
DISPOSITION,  Disposi"tio,  from  dis,  and 
ponere,  '  to  put  or  set.'  A  particular  condition 
of  the  body,  which  renders  it  susceptible  of 
altering,  suddenly,  to  a  state  of  health  or  dis- 
ease;— of  improving,  or  becoming  changed  for 
the  worse.  The  disposition  to  phthisis  pulmo- 
nalis  is  sometimes  so  strong,  owinjr  to  original 
conformation,  that  the  disease  will  make  its 
appearance,  notwithstanding  every  care.  See 
Diathesis. 
DISPUTATIO,  Thesis. 

DISRUP'TIO,  from  disrumpere,  'to  break 
off.'  A  puncture,  which  interests  deep-seated 
parts. 

DISSECTING  ANEURISM,  see  Aneurism. 
DISSECTION,  Disscc'tio,  from  dissecare, 
(dis,  and  secure,  '  to  cut.')  '  to  cut  open;'  Diac'- 
ope,  Practical  Jinutorny,  Necrotomy.  An  opera- 
lion,  by  which  the  different  parts  of  the  dead 
body  are  exposed,  for  the  purpose  of  studying 
their  arrangement  and  structure.  Dissection 
has.  received  various  names,  according  to  the 
orofan  concerned; — as  Osteotomy,  Sijudcsmotomy. 
Myotomy,  Jingiotomy,   Neurotomy,  Dcsmotomy. 

DISSECTOR,  Prosedlor,  Pro'tomus,  same 
etymon.  (F.)  Prosccteur.  A  practical  Anato- 
mist. One  who  prepares  the  parts  for  the  Ana- 
tomical Lecture. 

DISSEP1MENTUM  N  A  RIUM,  Septum  na- 
rium. 

DISSEPTUM,  Diaphragm. 

DISSERTATION,  JNAHt  U.1AL,  Thesis. 

DISSIDENTIA.  Diastasis. 


DISSOLUTIO  VENTRICULI 


S5G 


DIVULSIO  URIN.E 


DISSOLUTIO  VENTRICULI,  Gastroma- 
lacia. 

DISSOLUTION,  Dissolu'tlo,  Dialysis,  from 
dissolvere,  (dis,  and  solvere,)  'to  loosen,'  'to 
melt.'  This  word  is  in  frequent  use,  in  the 
writings  of  the  humorists.  It  is  employed, 
particularly,  in  speaking  of  the  blood; — to  de- 
signee, not  its  entire  decomposition  or  putre- 
faction,— but  a  diminution  in  its  consistence. 

DISSOLUTION,  Solution. 

DISSOL VASTS,  Dissol ventia. 

DISSOLVKN'T]  A,  Solvents,  (F.)  Dissolvents. 
Medicines  believed  to  be  capable  of  dissolving 
swellings,  concretions,  &c. 

DISTENSIO.  Diatasis,  Tension,  Tetanus, 
(q.  V.) 

Distf.nsio  Nehvohujm,  Convulsion. 

DISTENSION  DE  LA  V/lSICULE  DU 
FIEL.  Tur^escentia  vesicae  fellece. 

DISTICHI'ASIS,  Distich' ia,  Dis  trichiasis, from 
Siq,  'double,"  and  .iti/oc,  'arovv.'  An  increased 
number  of  eyelashes;  some  turned  towards  the 
eye,  and  irritating  the  organ  ;  whilstothers  pre- 
serve their  natural  direction. — Galen,  I'aulus 
of  iEe-in.i.     See  Entropion. 

D1ST1LLATIO  UTERI,  Leucorrhcea. 

DISTILLATION,  Stalag'mos,  from  destillare, 
(de,  and  stillare,)  '  to  drop,  little  by  little.' 
Cataslalag'mos.  An  operation,  by  which — by 
the  aid  of  heat  and  in  close  vessels — the  vola- 
tile are  separated  from  the  fixed  parts  of  bodies, 
with  the  view  of  collecting  the  former,  when 
condensed,  in  appropriate  receivers  The  an- 
cients distinguished  distillation  per  latus,  per 
asccn'sum,  and  per  descen'sum,  according  to  the 
direction  which  the  volatilized  matters  were 
made  to  take. 

DIS'TOMA  HEPAT'ICUM,  from  frg,  and 
o-tou'j.,  'mouth.'  Fasci'ola  hepat'ica,  Plana' 'via 
latius'cula,  Fasriola  huma'na,  F.  lanceola'ta,  the 
Gourd-worm,  Fluke,  or  Liver  Fluke.  (F.)  Douve, 
D.  du  Foie.  An  obovate,  flat  worm,  an  inch  in 
length,  and  nearly  an  inch  broad;  sometimes 
found  in  the  gall  bladder  of  man.  whence  it 
occasionally  passes  into  the  intestinal  canal.  It 
is  one  of  the  most  common  varieties  of  worms, 
infesting  the  livers  of  the  sheep,  goat,  ox,  stag, 
fallow-deer,  horse,  ass,  ho<r,  hare,  &c.  The  treat- 
ment is  like  that  required  for  other  worms. 

D1STORSIO,  Sprain,  Strabismus— d.  Oris, 
Risus  Sardonicus. 

DISTORTION,  Distor'sio,  from  distorauere, 
(dis,  and  torqutre,)  'to  wrest  aside.'  Diastrem'- 
ma,  Dias'trophe,  Ligys'ma,  (F.)  Distension. 
Usually  applied  to  the  preternatural  curvature 
of  a  bone  ;  as  distortion  of  the  spine,  limlis,  &c. 
It  signifies,  also,  a  convulsive  state  of  the  mus- 
cles of  the  eye,  constituting  squinting  or  stra- 
bismus. 

D1STORTOR  ORIS,  Zvgomat.icus  major. 

DISTRIBUTORS  LAC  TEA  THORACICA, 
Thoracic  duct. 

DISTRICHIASIS,  Distichiasis. 

DISTR1X,  from  Si?,  '  double,'  and  9qit,  '•  the 
hair.'  Trichiasis  distrix,  Fissu'ru  capUlu'rum. 
Hairs  of  the  scalp,  weak,  .slender,  and  splitting 
at  their  extremities. 

DITRACHYC'ERAS,  from  dig,  'two,'  r$«- 
•/vs,  'rough,'  and  xcgag,  'horn.'  A  genus  of 
intestinal  worms.  The  Ditrachyc'eras  rudis, 
Diceras  rude~,  (F.)  Bicorne  rude.  This  Ento- 
zuon  was  lirst  observed  in  the  evacuations  of  a 
female,  by  M.  Sulzer  of  Strasburg.     It  is  of  a 


fawn  colour,  from  3  to  5  lines  in  length,  with 
an  oval  head,  flattened  and  terminating  in  a 
point  posteriory;  contained  in  a  membranous 
sac,  and  furnished,  anteriorly,  with  a  bifur- 
cated, rugous  horn.  Laennec  considers  it  a 
vesicular  worm  or  hydatid.     See  Worms. 

DITTANDER,  Lepidium  sativum. 

DITTANY,  Cunila  Mariana— d.  American, 
Cunila  Mariana— d.  Bastard,  Dictamnus  albus 
— d.  of  Crete,  Origanum  dictamnus — d.  Moun- 
tain, Cunila  Mariana. 

DITTOPIA,  Diplopia. 

DITTOPSIA,  Diplopia. 

D1UR.E'SIS,  from  Siu,  '  through  or  by,'  and 
ove_tc>,  '  I  pass  the  urine.'  An  abundant  excre- 
tion of  urine. 

DIURET'IC,  Diaret'icvs,  same  etymon; 
Uret'icus.  A  medicine  which  has  the  property 
of  increasing  the  secretion  of  urine.  Diuretics 
act  by  producing  a  discharge  of  the  watery  and 
other  parts  of  the  blood  ;  and,  by  such  discharge, 
indirectly  promote  absorption  over  the  whole 
system.  Hence,  they  are  employed  in  dropsy. 
The  following  are  the  chief  Diuretics:—  Can- 
tharis ;  Cantharis  Vittata;  Potassaj  Acetas;  Po- 
tassoe Liquor; Cahinca; Colchici  Radix;  Colchici 
Semen  ;  Digitalis  ;  Diosma  Crenata:  Juniperus; 
Oleum  Terebinthinae;  Potassae  Nitras;  Potassae 
Bitartras;Scilla,  SodreSales,  and  Spiritus Athe- 
ns Nitrici. 

D1URETICA,  Arnica  montana. 

D1VAR1CATIO,  Ectropion. 

D1VERSORIUM  CHYLI,  Receptaculum 
chyli. 

DIVERTICULA  SPIRITUUM  ANIMA- 
L1UM,  Ganglions,  nervous. 

DIVERTICULUM.  'A  turning;'  from  di- 
vertere,  (di,  and  vertere,)  '  to  turn  aside.'  An 
organ,  which  is  capable  of  receiving  an  unusual 
quantity  of  blood,  when  the  circulation  is  ob- 
structed or  modified  elsewhere,  is  said  to  act  as 
a  diverticulum.  Also,  a  malformation  or  dis- 
eased appearance  of  a  part,  in  which  it  goes  out 
of  its  regular  course.  It  is  sometimes  applied 
to  such  a  condition  of  the  alimentary  canal. 
Also,  a  hole  to  get  out  at.  A  by-passage.  See 
Ectrope. 

Diverth'clum  Nuc'kii.  The  opening 
through  which  the  round  ligaments  of  the 
uterus  pass. — Parr. 

Diviatricei.UM  Pharyngis,  Pharyngocele. 

DIVI'DING,  Div'idens,  from  di  or  dis,  and 
the  lletruscan  verb  iduo,  'to  part  or  portion.' 
That  which  divides  or  separates. 

Dividing  Bandage,  Fascia  div'idens,  (F.) 
Blindage,  divisif,  is  a  bandage  employed  for  the 
purpose  of  keeping  parts  separated  from  each 
other.  It  is  used  particularly  to  prevent  im- 
proper union;  as  in  cases  of  burns  of  the  neck 
or  other  parts. 

DIVISION,  Divis'io,  Diaeresis.  The  occi- 
dental separation  of  parts,  naturally  united;  in 
other  words,  a  wound  or  solution  of  continuity. 
Most  frequently,  however,  it  means  an  opera- 
tion, which  consists  in  cutting  certain  parts, 
with  the  view  of  fulfilling  some  therapeutical 
indication 

DIVUL'SIO,  Diastasis,  from  divellere,  (dis, 
and  vcllcrr.)  'to  pull  asunder.'  A  term  used  in 
Surgery,  to  express  the  rupture  or  laceration  of 
organs  by  external  violenco. 

Divul'sio  Uri'kjE,  Cloudiness  cf  urine. — See 
Enseorema. 


DIZZINESS 


257 


DOLICHOS 


DIZZINESS,  Vertigo. 

DOCCIONE,  MINERAL  WATERS   OF. 

This  spring  is  at  Lucca,  in  Italy.     It  is  a  ther- 
mal saline. 

DOCH'ME,  So^uij.  A  measure  of  the  Greeks, 
equal  to  about  four  fingers'  breadth:  Dactylo- 
d<  >ch' me. 

DOCIMA'SIA,  Docimas'ticS,  from  $oxtfiaito. 
'1  try  or  prove  the  quality  of  any  thing.' 

Docima'sia  Medicamento'rum  f.t  \ '  eneno'- 
EUM  means  the  testing  of  medicines  and  poisons. 

Docima'sia  Pui.mo'num,  D.  Pulmona'lis,  Pneo 
biomanli'a,  Pnevob'omanti'a,  Lung  proof ',  Rcspi- 
ration  proof.  Different  proofs,  to  which  the 
organs  of  respiration  of  a  new-born  child  are 
subjected,  for  the  purpose  of  detecting  whether 
it  has  or  has  not  respired  after  birth;  in  other 
words,  whether  it  was  born  alive  or  dead 
These  consist,  chiefly,  1.  In  testing  them  with 
water,  for  the  purpose  of  seeing  whether  the 
lungs  are  specifically  heavier  or  lighter  than 
that  fluid.  This  is  called  Docimasia  Pulmo- 
Jium  hydrostat'ica  or  the  Hydrostatic  Test.  If 
lighter,  it  would  be  some  evidence  that  the 
foetus  had  respired:  2.  In  comparing  the  weight 
of  the  lungs  with  that  of  the  whole  body;  the 
weight  of  lungs  in  which  respiration  has  taken 
place  being  nearly  twice  as  great.  This  is 
Docima'sia  Pulmo'num  Slat'ica,  or  Ploucquet's 
Test:  and,  3.  By  measuring  the  circumference 
of  the  thorax  and  lungs;  and  comparing  their 
dimensions  with  those  of  an  infant,  which  has 
not  respired.  This  is  Daniel's  Test.  These 
tests,  singly,  afford  only  probable  evidence; 
but,  when  united,  the  deductions  may  be  more 
conclusive. 

DOCK,  BLOODY,  Rumex  sanguineus— d. 
blunt-leaved,  Rumex  obtusif'olius — d.  Cresses, 
Lapsana — d.  Sour,  Rumex  acetosa — d.  Sour, 
boreal,  Oxyria  reniformis — d.  Water,  Rumex 
hydrolapathum — d.  Wild,  sharp-pointed,  Rumex 
acutus. 

DOCNA  SURA, MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
This  spring  is  in  the  Krapaeh  mountains.  The 
water  contains  sulphate  of  soda,  carbonate  of 
soda,  chloride  of  sodium,  carbonate  of  lime, 
silica,  and  iron. 

DOCTOR,  Med'icus,  from  doctus,  'learned;' 
lun  liominc  qui  da-rail  aire  docte.'  A  Physician 
Frequently  applied  to  any  one  who  practises 
medicine;  although  properly  confined  to  him 
who  has  received  his  degree  of  Doctor  of  Medi- 
cine, 

DOCTRINA  GALLIA NA,  Craniology. 

DOCTRINE,  MEDTCAL,  Doctri'na  Med'ina. 
The  principles  or  positions  of  any  medical  sect 
or  master.  Medicine  has  been  too  full  of  doc- 
trines. One  of  the  first  was  that  of  Herodicus 
of  Selivra?a,  who  recommended  gymnastic  ex- 
ercises in  disease.  The  chief  founders  of  doc- 
trines have  been  Hippocrates,  Serapion  of  Alex- 
andria, Philinus  of  Cos,  Herophilus,  Ascle- 
piades,  Tliemison  of  Laodicea,  Thessalus  of 
Tialles,  Soranus  of  Ephesus,  Leonides  of  Alex- 
andria, Athensns  of  Attalia,  Archigenes  of 
Apamsea,  Agathinus  of  Sparta,  Galenus,  Para- 
celsus, John  Baptist  van  Helrnont,  Sylvius  de 
le  Boe,  Keill,  Hamberger,  Filcairne,  II.  Boer 
haave,  J.  E.  Stahl,  Frederick  Hoffman,  George 
Baglivi,  Cullen,  Darwin,  John  Brown,  Bed- 
does,  Girtanner,  Reil,  Rush,  Rasori  and  Brous- 
sais. 

Docteixe,  Physological,  Broussaism. 


DODDER  OF  THYME,  Cuscula  epithy. 
mum. 

DODECADACTYLITIS,  Duodenitis. 

DODECADACTYLON,  Duodenum. 

D  O D  E  C  A  P  H  A  R'  M  A  C  U  M,  from  dmdexa, 
'twelve,'  and  yaouazor,  'a  medicine.'  An  an- 
cient name  given  to  all  medicines  which  con- 
sisted of  twelve  ingredients.  See  Apostolorum 
Unguentum. 

DODECATH'EON,  from  SmSi*.*.,  'twelve,' 
and  tiViju,  'I  put.'  An  antidote,  consisting  of 
twelve  simple  substances. — Paulus  of  JEgina. 

Dodecatheo.n,  Sanicula — d.  Plinii,  Pingui- 
cola  vulgaris. 

DQDON^EA,  Myrica  gale. 

DODRANS,  Spithama. 

DOGClIOAK,  Cynanche. 

DOGDAYS,  (F.)  Jours  Canicubdres.  During 
these  days  comprised  between  the  24th  of  July 
and  the  23d  of  August,  the  temperature  of  the 
air  in  Europe  is  generally  high  and  oppressive. 
They  have  received  this  name  from  the  dogs  tar, 
Canidula,  Ssiqioc,  Siring — a  very  brilliant  star 
in  the  constellation  of  the  great  doer,  which 
rises  and  sets,  at  this  time,  with  the  sun.  It 
was  formerly  believed  to  be  a  period  particu- 
larly unpropitious  to  health  ;  that  it  was  dan- 
gerous to  purge  during  it ;  and  other  phantasies 
were  indulged  in  regard  to  it. 

DOGGRASS,  Triticum  repens. 

DOGMATIC,  from  the  Greek  deyfta,  from 
Sd^bu.  'I  think.'  Dogmat'icus.  The  name  of 
an  ancient  medical  sect;  so  called,  because  its 
members  endeavoured,  by  reasoning,  to  dis- 
cover the  essence  of  diseases  and  their  occult 
causes;  whilst  the  Empirics,  their  rivals,  con- 
fined themselves  strictly  to  experience;  i.e., 
to  the  observation  of  facts.  The  union  of  the 
two  modes  of  investigation  makes  the  rational 
physician.  These  sectarians  aie  likewise  called 
Dogmatists,  and  their  doctrine  Dogmatism, 
The  founders  of  this  sect  were  Hippocrates, 
Thessalus,  Draco,  and  Polybius;  and  the  most 
celebrated  of  its  supporters  were  Diodes  of 
Carysta,  Prnxagorasof  Cos,  Chrysippus  of  Soli, 
Herophilus,  Erasistratus,  &c. 

DOGS'  BANE,  Apocynum  androsajmi- 
folium  — d.  Bane,  bitter,  Apocynum  andro- 
s  semi  folium. 

DOGS   GRASS.  Triticum  repens. 

DOGS'  STONES,  Orchis  mascula. 

DOGSTAR,  Canicula. 

DOGTREE,  Cornus  Florida. 

DOGWOOD, Cornus  Florida— d.BIueberried, 
Cornus  sericea — d.  Female,  Cornus  sericea  —  d. 
Florid.  Cornus  Florida — d.  Great  flowered,  Cor- 
nus Florida—  d.  Jamaica,  Piscidia  erythrina d. 

New  England,  Cornus  sericea— d.  Pond,  Cepha- 
lanthus  occidentalis — d.  Silky-leaved.  Cornus 

sericea  — d.    Virginian,  male,  Cornus  Florida 

d.  Round-leaved,  Cornus  circinata — d.  Swamp, 
Cornus  sericea. 

DOIGT,  Digitus— d.  Auriculuire,  Auricular 
finger — d.  Milieu,  see  Digitus— d.  Petit,  see 
Digitus 

DOIGTIER,  Digitale,  Digitalis— d.  d'Asdru- 
litili,  see  Digitale. 

DOL'ICHOS,  from  Sohjrag,  'long.'  A  genus 
of  plants  of  the  leguminous  family.  It  includes 
a  number  of  species,  generally  indigenous  in 
India  or  America.  The  Dol'ichos  Lablnb,  or 
Laldab,  is  found  in  Egypt.  (Prospero  Alpini.) 
Its  fruit  is  eaten  there,  like  the  haricot  with 


DOLICHOS  PRURIENS 


258 


TABLE  OF  DOSES 


us.  The  Dol'ichos  Sinen'sis  is  eaten  in  China, 
and  is  stored  up  as  a  provisien  tor  long  voyages. 
The  Dol'ichos  Tubero'sus,  (F.)  Puis  Patate  ol 
Martinique,  has  tuberous  roots  of  the  size  of 
both  fists,  and  has  the  consistence  and  taste  of 
the  turnip.  The  Dol'ichos  Bulbo'sus,  of  the 
West  Indies  resembles  the  turnip; — and  from 
the  Dol'ichos  Soja,  the  Japanese  prepare  the 
well-known  sauce  Soy,  which  they  term  Sooja. 
The  most  important  in  medicine,  is  the 

Dol'ichos  Pru'riens,  Dol'ichos,  Stizob'bium, 
Mucu'na  pru'riens,  Cowhuge.  Cowilch,  Adsaria 
Pala.  Order,  Leguminosae.  (F .)  Pols  a  grutlcr. 
The  stiff  hairs  of  the  Dolichos  Pods,  called 
'  Dolichos  Pubes,  D.  Prurien'tis  pubes,  Dolichi 
Setae  Legu'minum,  Lnnu'go  Siliquae  hirsu'tm, 
Mucuna,  (Ph.  U.  S.,)  are  the  parts  used  in 
medicine.  They  excite  an  intolerable,  prurient 
sensation  when  applied  to  the  skin  ;  but  do  not 
irritate  the  mucous  membrane  over  which  they 
pass,  when  administered  internally.  The  Doli- 
chos is  a  mechanical  anthelmintic,  and  is  use- 
ful in  cases  of  ascarides  lumbricoides,  and  ox- 
yures  vermiculares.  Dose,  gr.  v  to  x  of  the 
pubes,  in  molasses. 

Mucu'na  pruri'ta,  a  distinct  species,  but  pos- 
sessing similar  properties,grows  in  the  E.  Indies. 

DOLOIRE,  (F  )  As'cia  Dula'hra,  'a  carpen- 
ter's axe.'  A  Bandage  en  doloire  is  one  in 
which  the  turns  are  so  placed,  that  each  one 
covers  two-thirds  of  that  which  is  immediately 
beneath  it.  It  has  received  the  name  Doloire 
from  its  representing  the  obliquity  of  the  edge 
of  the  instrument,  whose  name  it  bears.  See 
Bandage. 

DOLOR,  Pain— d.  Capitis,  Cephalalgia— d. 
Colicus,  Colic — d.  Crucians  faciei,  Neuralgia, 
facial — d.  Dentium,  Odontalgia — d.  Dentium  a 
stridore,  Hajmodia — d.  Faciei,  Neuralgia,  facial 
— d  Ischiadicus  nervosus,  Neuralgia,  femoro- 
poplitaea — d.  Nephreticns,  Nephralgia — d.  Pec- 
toris externus,  Pleurodynia — d.  Rheumaticus 
et  arthriticus,  Rheumatism. 

DOLORES  AD  PARTUM,  Pains,  labour— 
d.  Intestinorum,  Colic — d.  Parturientis,  Pains, 
labour — d.  Post  partum,  Pains,  after— d.  Puer- 
perarum,  Pains,  after. 

DOMBEY'A  EXCEL'SA,  Arauca'ria  Dom- 
bey'L  A  tree,  which  inhabits  Chili,  and  fur- 
nishes Dornbeya  turpentine;  a  glutinous,  milky- 
looking  fluid  of  a  strong  odour  and  taste. 

DOMESTIC,  Domes'ticus,  from  domus,  ea 
house.'  The  term  Domestic  or  Pop'uiar  Med'- 
icine,  has  been  given  to  treatises  written  for  the 
purpose  of  enabling  those  who  are  not  of  the 
profession  to  treat  diseases,  which  may  oc- 
cur in  their  families,  without  the  necessity  of 
calling  in  a  physician.  The  term,  likewise, 
signifies — Medicine,  when  thus  practised.  It 
is  probable,  that  such  works  have  been  attended 
with  more  mischievous  than  advantageous  re- 
sults. 

DOMINA'RUM  AQUA.  A  medicine  de- 
scribed by  Myrepsus,  which  he  considered  em- 
menagocrue. 

DOMPTE-VE.YIN,  Asclepias  vincetoxicum. 

DON  DO,  Albino. 

DONES1S,  Agitation 

DORADILLA,  Asplenium  ceterach. 

DOKCADIZON,  Caprizans. 

DOREA,  Hemeralops. 

DOREMA  AMMON'IACUM,  see  Ammoniac, 
Gum. 


DORMITIO,  Sleep. 

DORONIC,  Doronicum  pardalianches. 

DO  RON  1  CUM  GERMANICUM,  Arnica 
montana. 

Doron'icum  Pardalian'ches,  D.  Roma'  num, 
Roman  Leop'nrd's  Bane,  (F.)  Doronic,  Mart  aux 
Pantheres.  The  root  of  this  plant  resembles 
Arnica  Montana  in  its  properties. 

DORSAL,  Dorsa'lis:  from  dorsum, '  the  back,' 
Kutix'us.  Relating  to  the  back  of  the  body,  or 
of  one  of  its  parts;  as  the  Dorsal  vertebras, 
nerves,  &c;  Dorsal  artery  of  the  tongue,  penis, 
&c;  Dorsal  region  of  the  foot,  hand,  &c;  Dor- 
sal Consumption,  &c. 

DORSAL,  LONG,  Longissimus  dorsi. 

DORSO-COSTAL,SerrHitus  posticus  superior 
— d-  Lombo-costal ,  Serratus  posticus  inferior — 
d.  Lombo-sacro  humeral,  Latissimus  dorsi — d. 
Susacroinien,  Trapezius — d.  Trachelon-occipital, 
Complexus. 

DORSTENIA  BRAZILIENSIS,  Caa-apia. 

Doiistema  Contrayer'va,  called  after  Dr. 
Dorsten;  Contrayer'va,  Drake'  na,  Cype'rus  Ion- 
gus,  o' dor  us  seu  perua'nus,  Bezoar'dica  Radix, 
Dorste'nia  Housto'nii,  LisboJi  Contrayer'va,  (F.) 
Racine  de  Charcis,  R.  de  Dracke,  Racine  des 
Phillip  pines.  Family,  Urticeae.  Sex.  Syst.  Te- 
trandria  Monogynia.  A  plant  of  South  America, 
whose  root,  Contrayer'va  (Ph.  U.  S.,)  is  aro- 
matic, bitter,  and  astringent.  It  has  been  given 
as  a  tonic,  stimulant  and  sudorific.  Dose,  gr. 
xij  to  gss. 

DORSUM,  JYotos,  Kolon.  The  back.  Me- 
taph'renon,  Tergum,  (F.)  Dos.  The  posterior 
part  of  the  trunk,  extending  from  the  inferior 
and  posterior  region  of  the  neck  as  far  as 
the  loins.  The  back  of  the  foot,  Dorsum  pedis, 
is  the  upper  part  of  that  organ,  opposite  the 
sole :  the  back  of  the  hand,  Dorsum  maniis, 
the  part  opposed  to  the  palm.  In  the  same 
sense,  we  say  Dorsum  penis,  Dorsum  nasi,  for 
the  upper  part  of  those  organs. 

Dorsum,  Vertebral  column. 

DORYCIMUM,  Costus  creticus. 

DOS,  Dorsum. 

DOSE,  Oo5W,  Prss'bium.  The  quantity  of  any 
substance,  which  ought  to  form  part  of  a  com- 
pound medicine,  or  ought  to  be  exhibited  singly, 
to  produce  a  desired  effect.  Many  circumstan- 
ces influence  the  doses  of  medicine.  Women 
require  smaller  doses,  as  a  general  principle, 
than  men.  Habit  has  a  great  effect,  as  well  as 
climate,  age,  idiosyncrasy  :  all  these,  and  other 
circumstances,  must  be  taken  into  account; 
and  every  general  rule,  on  the  subject,  will  be 
found  to  have  numerous  exceptions.  Some  of 
the  mechanical  physicians  laid  it  down  as  a 
rule,  that  the  doses  of  medicines  must  always 
be  as  the  square  of  the  constitution!  A  matter 
not  easy  of  calculation. 

The  following  Tables  will  exhibit  an  approx- 
imation to  the  proper  doses  (according  to  age) 
of  most  substances. 

Tabee  of  Doses  according  to  Ace. 


Age  24 

Let  tlie  full  dose  be 

1 

1  drachm. 

18 

will  require 

2-3ds. 

2  scruples. 

14 

. 

half. 

h  drachm. 

7 

. 

1-Sd. 

1  scruple. 

4 

... 

l-4th. 

15  grains. 

3 

1-Hth. 

10  mi 

2 

. 

l-8lh. 

8  grains. 

1 

I-12th. 

5  gi  ' 

The   table   of  doses,   recommended   by   Dr. 


DOSIS 


259 


DRAGON 


Thomas  Young,  according  to  age,  differs  in 
some  respects  from  the  above.  Either  affords 
a  sutlicient  general  approximation.  His  rule 
is,  that 

For  children,  under  twelve  years  of  age,  the 
doses  of  most  medicines  must  be  diminished  in 
the  -proportion  of  the  age  to  the  age  increased  by 
tivelve : 

thus,  at  two  years,  to  l-7th;  i.  e.,  1-7=^  ,  .., 

At  twenty-one  the  full  dose  is  given. 

DOSIS,  Dose. 

DOTAGE,  Dementia. 

DOTHIEN,  Furunculus. 

DOTH fENENTdRIE,  Uothinenterhis. 

DOTHIENTERITIS,  Dothinenteritis. 

DOTHINENTERI'TIS,  Properly  Dolhien'- 
teritis,  Enter  odothie'  nia,  Helcenlcri'tis,  from  <fj- 
diyv,  'a  pustule,'  and  svrtpov,  'intestine.'  (F.) 
Dothinenterite,  Dothinentcrie,  Dothienenthie, 
Dolhienentirite,  Follicular  Gastroenteritis.  An 
inflammation  and  ulceration  of  the  glands  or 
follicles  of  Peyer  and  Brunner,  which  Breton- 
neau  considers  to  be  the  essence  of  a  large 
class  of  fevers,  particularly  of  those  of  the 
typhoid  character.     See  Typhus. 

DOTTR1NA  MED1CA  ITALIANA,  Con- 
tro-stimulus,  (doctrine  of.) 

DOUBLE-HEARIlNG,  Paracusis  duplica'ta, 
P.  ImperfcC 'ta.  The  action  of  the  one  ear  inac- 
cordant  with  that  of  the  other:  sounds  heard 
doubly,  and  in  different  tones  or  keys. 

DOUCE-AMERE,  Solanum  dulcamara. 

DOUCHE,  (F.)  In  Italian,  docciu,-  modern 
Latin,  ducia,-  Calaclys'mus,  Douse.  This  term 
is  applied  to  the  shock  of  a  column  of  fluid,  of 
a  determinate  nature  and  temperature,  let  fall 
upon  the  body.  Pumping  is  a  variety  of  the 
Douche.  In  using  this  kind  of  bath,  the  fluid 
is  directed  upon  the  part  on  which  we  are  de- 
sirous of  acting.  The  douches  descendantcs  are 
those  in  which  the  fluid  falls  from  a  height, — the 
douches  ascendantes,  those  administered  in  dis- 
eases of  the  uterus, — the  douches  horizontals, 
where  the  fluid  is  impelled  horizontally,  &c. 
They  may  be  cold  or  warm,  according  to  circum- 
stances. The  apparatus  consists  of  a  reservoir  of 
water  having  a  pipe  or  plug,  by  means  of  which 
the  water  can  be  directed  as  the  practitioner 
may  desire.  The  Douche  communicates  a  con- 
siderable and  peculiar  shock  to  the  nervous 
system  ;  and  is  one  of  the  most  successful 
means  for  taming  the  furious  maniac.  It  is, 
also,  useful  in  chronic  rheumatism,  stiff  joints, 
&c. 

Douches  of  air  are,  also,  occasionally  used,  as 
in  cases  of  obstruction  of  the  Eustachian  tube 
by  mucus.  The  Douches  are  sent  from  an  air- 
press — of  which  Deleau  and  Kramer  have  in- 
vented one  each — through  a  catheter  introduced 
through  the  nose  into  the  tube. 

DOULEUR,  Pain— d.  de  Cole,  Pleurodynia— 
d.  des  Dents,  Odontalgia — d  de  VEslomac,  Car- 
dialgia — d.  Necralgique  de  VEslomac,  Cardialgia 
— d.  Pulsalire,  see  Throbbino-. 

DOULEURS,  Pains,  labour—  d.  Conquas- 
sautes,  see  Conquassant. 

DOUSE,  Douche. 

DOUVE,  Distoma  hepaticum — d.  du  Foie, 
Distoina  hepaticum — d.  Petite,  Ranunculus 
flammnla. 

DRACHION,  Pugillus. 


DRACHM,  Drachma,  Dram,  (F.)  Grcs.  The 
ancient  name  of  a  piece  of  money,  weighing  the 
eighth  part  of  an  ounce.  At  the  present  day  it 
is  used  for  this  weight. 

DRACO  MITIGATUS,  Hydrargyri  subrnu- 
rias — d.  Sylvestris,  Achillea  ptarmica 

DRACOCEPH'ALUM  CANARIEiVSE,  D. 
Moldav'icum,  Melis'sa  Tur'cica,  Turkey  Balsam, 
Cana'ry  Balsam,  Balm  of  Gil'ead  Tree,  Alpifni 
Bal'samum,  (F.)  MAlisse  de  Moldavie.  A  Turk- 
ish and  Siberian  plant,  which  has  an  aroma- 
tic taste,  joined  with  an  agreeable  flavour.  It 
has  been  used  as  a  tonic. 

DRACONTH^EMA,  see  Calamus  rotang. 

DRACONTIUM,  Dracunculus.  See,  also, 
Dracontium  fcetidum. 

Dracon'tium  Foj'tidu m,  Dracon'lium,  Icto'dcs 
fce'tidus,  Symplacar'pus  fwtida,  Pathos  fectida, 
Arum  America' num.  betas  folio,  Pothos  Puto'rii, 
Spctthye'ma  fce'lida,  Skunk  Cabbage,  Polecat 
Collard,  Cowcollard,  Collar d,  Skunk  weed,  Itch 
weed,  Stink  poke,  Swamp  cabbage,  Pole' cat  weed, 
Hellebore,  EHebore,  Irish  Cabbage.  Nat.  Ord. 
Aroideae.  Sex,  Syst.  Tetrandria  Monogynia. 
This  indigenous  plant,  as  some  of  its  names  im- 
port, is  extremely  fetid.  The  property  on 
which  its  medical  virtues  are  dependent,  resides 
in  a  volatile  principle,  which  is  impaired  by 
long  keeping,  especially  in  powder.  Dose,  of 
the  dried  root,  Diacontiurn,  (Ph.  U.  S.),  ten  to 
twenty  grains.  It  resembles  asafcetida  and 
other  fetid  gums  in  its  properties;  in  other 
words,  belongs  to  the  class  of  reputed  antispas- 
modics. 

Dracontium  Angostispatha,  Symplocar'pus 
Angust.ispatha,  Narrow- spathed  Skunk  Cabbage 
is  uossessed  of  similar  properties. 

DRACUiN'CULUS,  Dracon'lium,  Vena  Medi'- 
na  Ar'abum,  Gor'dius  Medincn'sis,  Verrnic'ulus 
Capilla'ris,  Dracun'cvlus  Gordius,  Fda'ria  Me- 
dinen'sis,  Malis  dracun' cuius,  Malis  Gordii,  Mus- 
cular Hairworm,  Bichios,  Bicho.  The  Guinea 
Worm,  (F.)  Dragonncau,  Ver  de  Guinea,  Ver 
Filairc,  V.  de  Mediae,  V.cutane,  Peine  de  Midine. 
A  genus  of  worms,  frequently  met  with  in  In- 
dian and  African  climes.  They  are  character- 
ized by  a  filiform  body,  and  are  smooth  and 
nearly  of  equal  thickness  throughout.  The 
Guinea  worm,  when  small,  insinuates  itself 
through  the  cutaneous  pores,  and  penetrates 
into  the  cellular  membrane  and  between  the 
muscles;  especially  between  those  of  the  lower 
limbs,  where  it  occasions  a  tumour  like  a  boil, 
which  subsequently  suppurates,  and  the  head 
of  the  worm  appears  and  emerges  gradually. 
The  head  must  then  be  seized,  and  the  worm 
be  cautiously  rolled  round  a  small  cylinder  of 
linen  or  other  substance.  Care  must  be  taken 
not  to  break  it,  as  great  pain  and  obstinate  sup- 
puration might  be  the  consequence. 

Considerable  obscurity  rests  on  this  subject. 
Some  even  deny  that  the  cases  of  Dracunculus, 
on  record,  are  really  those  of  worms. 

Dracunculus  Polyphyllus,  Arum  dracun- 
culus— d.  Pratensis,  Achillea  ptarmica. 

DRAGEES,  (F.)  Almonds  or  dried  preserves, 
covered  with  white  sugar.     Sugar  plums. 

DRAGEES DEKEYSER;  a  pharmaceutical 
preparation,  formerly  much  celebrated  in  sy- 
philis. It  was  composed  of  acetate  of  mercury, 
manna,  starch,  mucilage,  and  gum  Uagacanth. 

DRAGMIS,  Pugillus. 

DRAGON(F.),  Dragon.     Some  authors  have 


DRAGON  CLAW 


2G0 


DROPSY 


given  this  name  to  opake  spots  on  the  cornea, 
and  to  cataract. 

Dragon  Claw,  Scaly,  Pterospora  androme- 
dea — d.  Root,  Arum  tripliyllum,  Pterospora 
andromedea — d.  Turnip,  Arum  tripliyllum. 

DRAGON'S  BLOOD,  see  Calamus  rotang. 

DRAGOJYJVEAU,  Dracunculusk 

DRAINING,  Desicca'tio,  (F.)  Desshchement. 
The  act  of  drawing1  off  the  water  from  marshes, 
for  the  purpose  of  destroying  the  unhealthy 
emanations  which  proceed  from  them.  It  is  a 
well  known  fact,  that  from  marshes  arise  cer- 
tain emanations  or  miasmata,  with  the  nature 
of  which  we  are,  however,  totally  unacquainted, 
but  which  are  the  fertile  source  of  intermittents 
and  other  diseases.  Draining-  the  soil  and  con- 
vert! ig  it  into  arable  land  changes  its  character, 
and  the  malaria  ceases  to  be  given  off.  It  has 
happened,  however,  that  although,  in  such  si- 
tuations, intermittents  have  been  got  rid  of, 
consumptions  have  taken  their  place. 

DRAKENA.  Dorstenia  contrayerva. 

DRAPE  A  U,'(V.)  VexiFlum,  from  drop,1  cloth.' 
A  bandage,  used  in  wounds,  &c.  of  the  nose, 
to  keep  the  dressings  in  situ.  It  is  composed  of 
a  small  triangular  compress,  having-  two  open- 
ings at  its  inferior  part,  corresponding  to  those 
of  the  nostrils.  It  is  fixed  by  means  of  a  ban- 
dage, passing  from  its  superior  angle  over  the 
head;  and  another  passing  round  the  head, 
under  the  orbits,  so  as  to  join  the  first  at  the 
nape  of  the  neck.     Also,  Pterygion  (q.  v.) 

DRAPFAjYOjY,  see  Fanon. 

DRASTIC,  Drasticus,  Cenot'ic,  from  dQaut,  '  1 
operate  strongly.'  Active  (q.  v.)  An  epithet, 
given  to  purgatives,  which  operate  powerfully; 
as  elaterium,  oil  of  croton,  &c. 

DRAUGHT, Ha  us  t  us — d.  Black, see  Infusum 
sennre  compositum. 

DRAX.Pugillus. 

DREAM,  Somnium — d.  Waking,  Hallucina- 
tion. 

DRkCHE,  Malt. 

DREGS.  Feculence. 

DREPANOIDES,  Falciform. 

DRESS,  Vestitus. 

DRESSER,  from  (F.)  dresser,  'to  put  right.' 
An  hospital  assistant,  whose  office  it  is  to  dress 
wounds,  ulcers,  &.C  He  corresponds  in  func- 
tion to  the  Elite  externa  of  the  French  hospi- 
tals. 

DRESSING;  Cura,  Curatio.  (F.)  Pansement. 
The  methodical  application  of  any  remedy  or 
apparatus  to  a  diseased  part.  Also,  the  remedy 
or  apparatus  itself. 

DRIMYPHA'GIA,  from  SqtfAve,  'acrid,'  'aro- 
matic,' and  9«yw,  'I  eat.'  An  aromatic  and  ex- 
citing diet. 

DRINK,  from  Sax.  ■opencan,  Putus,  (F.)  Bois- 
son.  Every  liquid  introduced  into  the  alimen- 
tary canal  for  the  purpose  of  repairing  the  loss 
of  the  fluid  parts  of  the  body.  The  necessity 
for  its  use  is  indicated  by  the  sensation  of  thirst. 
Fluid,  taken  during  a  meal,  aids  in  the  diges- 
tion of  the  food.  Some  drinks  are  excitincr 
and  tonic,  as  the  different  varieties  of  beer, 
wine,  and  spirits,  which  we  use  at  table.  In  a 
therapeutical  point  of  view,  drinks  are  used  to 
appease  the  thirst  which  prevails  in  febrile  af- 
fections, or  to  act  as  diluents  in  those  and  other 
cases. 


3.  Fermented  Liquors. 


4.  Spirituous  Liquors. 


Table  of  Ordinary  Drinks,  according  to 
their  Chemical  Composition. 

c  Spring  wafer, 

1.  Water.  <  River  water, 

(  Well  water,  fee. 
f  Lemon  juice, 
j  Currant  juice, 

2.  Juices  and  infusions  of  J}ni-  J  Whey, 
■mat  and  Vegetable  substiiices.}  Tea, 

Coffee, 
[  Malice,  &c. 
f  Wines, 
I  Ale, 
<j  Beer, 
|  Cider, 
[Perry, 
("Brandy, 
j  Alcohol, 
|  Ether, 

|  Kirschwasser, 
J  Rum, 
j  Arrac, 
|  Gin, 
I  Whiskey, 
|  Ratifies, 
[Cordials,  &c. 

DRIVELLING,  Slavering. 

DROGUE,  Drug. 

DROGUIER,  (F.)  Same  etymon  as  drug.  A 
collection  of  different  simple  medicinal  sub- 
stances. 

DROGUrSTE,  Druggist. 

DROIT  DE  L' ABDOMEN,  Rectus  abdomi- 
nis— d.  Anterieur  de  la  cuisse,  Rectus  femoris — 
d.  Anterieur  de  la  the,  Rectus  capitis  interims 
minor — d.  Anterieur  de  la  tele,  grand,  Rectus 
capitis  internus  major — d.  externe  de  Vail,  Rec- 
tus externus  oculi — d.  Inferieur  de  Vail,  Rectus 
inferior  oculi — d.  Interne  de  la  cuisse,  Gracilis 
— d.  Interne  de  Vail,  Rectus  internus  oculi— d. 
Latiral  de  la  tete.  Rectus  capitis  lateralis— d. 
Foslcricur  de  la  tete,  grand,  Rectus  capitis  pos- 
ticus major — d.  Posterieur  de  la  tele,  petit,  Rec- 
tus capitis  posticus  minor — d.  Supericur,  Rectus 
superior  oculi. 

DROP,  Gutta,  (q.  v.) 

Ditop,  Ague,  tasteless,  Liquor  arsenicalis 
— d.  Black,  Guttae  nigra; — d.  Red,  Ward's,  see 
Vinum  anlimonii  tartarizali— d.  Serene,  Amau- 
rosis. 

DROPACISMUS,  Depilation. 

DROPAX,  Depilatory. 

DROPPED  HANDS,  see  Hands,  dropped. 

DROPS,  ABBE  ROUSSEAU'S,  Laudanum 
Abbatis  Rousseau  —  d.  Anodyne,  Liquor  mor- 
phine acetatis  —  d.  Antiscorbutic,  Marsden's, 
see  Infusum  gentians  compositum — d.  Anti- 
venereal,  see  Tinctura  ferri  muriatis — d.  Cha- 
momile, see  Anthemis  nobilis — d.  Dutch,  Bal- 
sam of  sulphur,  Balsam  of  Turpentine — d.  Fit, 
Spiritus  ammonia;  fcetidus,  see  Fulijio — d.  Gol- 
den, de  la  Motte's,  Tinctura  seu  alcohol  sulfuri- 
co-acthereus  ferri — d.  Green's,  see  Liquor  Hy- 
drargyri  oxymuriatis — d.  Jesuit's,  Tinctura  ben- 
zoini  composita — d.  Lavender,  Spiritus  Lavan- 
dulae compositus — d.  Nitre,  Spiritus  setheris 
nitrici — d.  Norris's,  see  Antimonium  tartariza- 
tum — d.  Pectoral,  Pectoral  drops,  Bateman's — 
d.  Peppermint,  Pastilli  de  mentha  piperita— d. 
Soot,  see  Fuligo — d.  Wade's,  Tinctura  benzoini 
composita — d.  White,  Ward's,  see  Hydrargyri 
nitras. 

DROPSY,  Hydrops— d.  of  the  lower  belly, 
Ascites— d.  of  the  Brain,  Hydrocephalus— d.  of 
the  cellular  Membrane,  Anasarca — d.  of  the 
Chest,  Ilydrnthorax — d.  of  the  eye,  Hydroph- 
thalmia— d.  General,  Anasarca— d.  of  the  Head, 


DROPWORT 


?G1 


DUPLICATION 


Hydrocephalus — d.  of  the  lachrymal  Sac,  Fis- 
tula lachrymalis — d.  of  the  lachrymal  Sac,  La- 
chrymal hernia — d.  of  the  Pericardium,  Hydro- 
pericardium — d.  of  the  Peritoneum,  Ascites— 
d.  of  the  Pleura,  Hydrothorax  — d.  Water  of, 
Serum  of  Serous  membranes — d.  Wind,  Em- 
physema— d.  of  the  Womb,  Hydrometra. 

DROPWORT,  Spiraa  filipendula-d.  Hem- 
lock,  OZnanthc— d.  Water,  Hemlock,  CEnanthe 
— d.  Western,  Gillcnia  trifoliata. 

DROSE'RA  ROTUND!  FO'LIA.  The  sys- 
tematic name  of  the  Sundew,  Ros'solis,  Drosio- 
hot' anon,  Dro'sium,  Rorcl'lu,  (F.)  Rossulis.  This 
plant  has  a  bitter,  acrid,  and  caustic  taste.  It 
has  been  used  as  a  rubefacient,  and  to  destroy 
warts  and  corns.  It  has,  also,  been  regarded 
as  a  pectoral. 

DROSIOBOTANON,  Drosera  rotundifolia. 

DROSIUM,  Drosera  rotundifolium. 

DROSOMELI,  Fraxinus  ornus. 

DR.UG,  Medicamen'tum,  (F.)  Drogue..  A 
name  ordinarily  applied  to  simple  medicines, 
but  by  extension,  to  every  substance  employed 
in  the  cure  of  disease.  Menage  derives  it  from 
droga;  and  this  from  the  Persian  droa,  'odour;' 
because  many  drugs  have  a  strong  odour.  It  is 
from  the  Teutonic  trocken.  Sax.  *ruzan,  '  to  dry.' 

DRUGGIST,  DRUGGER,  DRUGSTER 
Same  etymon.  P/tarmacopo'la,  Muteiialis'ta, 
(F.)  Droguiste.     One  who  sells  druos. 

DRUM  OF  THE  EAR,  Tympanum. 

DRUNKENNESS,  Temulentia. 

DRYING,  Desicca'lion,  Sicca' tio,  Xeran'sis, 
Desicca'tio,  Exsicca't.io ,-  same  etymon  as  Drug. 
Evaporation  or  removal  of  the  superfluous  hu- 
midity in  a  body. 

Drying  ou  Desiccation  or  Plants.  Those 
which  are  very  succulent,  should  be  dried 
quickly.  They  must  be  spread  upon  lattice 
work,  covered  from  the  light,  and  exposed  to 
the  heat  of  the  sun  or  to  that  of  a  stove,  not  ex- 
ceeding 110°  Fahrenheit.  The  drying  of  less 
succulent  plants  can  be  effected  at  a  lower  tem- 
perature. FloJcrrs  must  be  dried  very  carefully, 
excluding  the  light.  Seeds  are  dried  in  a  place 
where  there  is  a  free  current  of  air.  Pulpy 
fruits  may  be  exposed  to  a  gentle  heat  in  a 
stove,  which  may  be  gradually  elevated.  Hoots 
may  also  be  dried  in  the  stove:  the  tuberous 
require  to  be  cut  in  slices. 

DRYMIS  WINTER!,  Wintera  aromatica. 

DTHOKE.  Frambcesia. 

DUCKSFOOT.  Podophyllum  montanum. 

DUCT,  ALIMENTARY,  Canal  alimentary, 
Thoracic  duct — d.  of  Bellini,  Uriniferous  tube — 
d.  Nasal,  Lachrymal  duct — d.  of  Pecquet,  Tho- 
racic duct — d.  of  Wirsung,  see  Pancreas. 

DUCTOR  CANALICULARS,  Gorget— 
d.  Urinse,  Ureter. 

DUCTUS,  Canal— d.  Arteriosus,  Arterial 
Duct — d.  Auris  palatinus,  Eustachian  Tube — 
d.  Belleniani,  Uriniferous  Tubes. 

Ductus  Bartholinia'ncs,  Bar'tiioline's 
Duct,  (F.)  Canal  tie.  Bartholin.  The  excre- 
tory duct  of  the  sublingual  gland. 

Ductus  Botalli,  Arterial  duct — d.  Choledo- 
chus,  Choledoch  duct — d.  Chyliferus, Thoracic 
duct — d.  Cibarius,  Canal,  alimentary — (1.  Fer- 
reini,  Ferrein,  canal  of — d.  Hepaticus,  Hepatic 
duct— d.  Incisivus,  Palatine  duct  (anterior) — d. 
lntestinalis,  Canal,    alimentary — d.  Lacleus, 

Thoracic    duct d.    Lachrymalis,  Lachrymal 

duct d.   Lacrumalis,   Lachrymal    duct d. 


Nasalis  orbitse,  Lachrymal  or  nasal  duct — d. 
Nasalo-palatinus,  Palatine  duct  (anterior)  — d. 
ad  Nasum,  Lachrymal  or  nasal  duct — d.  Nutri- 
tii,  Canals,  nutritive — d.  Pancreaticus,  see  Pan- 
creas— d.  Pecqueti,  Thoracic  duct — d  Puncto- 
rum  lachrymalium,  Lachrymal  ducts — d.  Rivi- 
niani,  see  Sublingual  gland — d.  Rorifer,  Tho- 
racic duct. 

Ductus  Saliva'lis  Inferior,  Ductus  War- 
thunia'nus,  (F.)  Canal de  Warthon.  The  ex- 
cretory duct  of  the  submaxillary  gland. 

Ductus  Saliva'lis  Superior,  Ductus  Stcno- 
nia'nus,  Sti/no's  Duct,  (F.)  Canal  tic  Stekon. 
The  excretory  duct  of  the  parotid  gland  which 
opens  into  the  mouth  opposite  the  second  upper 
molar  tooth. 

Ductus  Serosi,  Lymphatic  vessels  —  d.  Ste- 
nonianus,  Ductus  salivalis  superior — d.  Tho- 
racicus,  Thoracic  duct — d.  Urinal,  Ureter — d. 
Urinarius,  Uiethra— d.  Urinif'eri  Bellini,  Uri- 
niferous tubes — d.  Varicosi  uteri,  Tubae  Failo- 
pianas — d.  Venosus,  Canal,  venous — d.  Wallhe- 
riani,  see  Sublingual  gland — d.  Warthonianus, 
Ductus  salivalis  inferior. 

DUELECH,  Dulech. 

DUELLA.  The  ancient  name  of  a  weight, 
which  was  equivalent  to  eight  scruples. 

DUG,  Nipple. 

DULCAMARA,  Solanum  dulcamara. 

DULCEDO  AMOR  IS,  Clitoris. 

DULECH  orDU'ELECH.  A  term  employ- 
ed by  Paracelsus  and  Van  Helmont,  to  designate 
a  pretended  taitarized  substance,  which  forms 
in  the  human  body,  and  produces  acute  pain, 
accompanied  with  great  danger. 

DULSE,  Rhodomela  palrnata — d.  Pepper, 
Lautentia  pinnatifida. 

DUMBNESS,  Mutitas.  , 

DUNBLANE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
The  springs  of  Dunblane,  in  Scotlar.d,  contain 
sulphate  of  soda,  chlorides  of  sodium  and  cal- 
cium, and  carbonate  of  iron. 

DUNG,  Fimus— d.  Cow's,  Fimus  Vaccas — d. 
Goose,  Fimus  anseris — d.  Stone-horse,  Fimus 
equinus. 

DUNGA,  Dengue. 

DUODENP'JIS,  Dodccndactyli'tis.  A  hybrid 
term,  from  duodenum,  and  iris,  denoting  inflam- 
mation. Inflammation  of  the  duodenum,  cha- 
racterized by  white  tongue;  bitter  taste;  ano- 
rexia; fulness  and  tenderness  in  the  region  of 
the  duodenum;  and  often  yellowness  of  skin; 
along  with  the  oidmary  signs  of  febrile  irrita- 
tion. 

DUODE'NUM,  Vcnlric'ulus  Succrnturia'tus, 
Ec'/ihijsis  seu  Appen'dix  sen  Processus  Vtntri- 
culi,  Portonafrium,  Dodecud/ic'tylon.  from  SmSt  xa, 
'twelve,'  and  <k*rtv.o;,  'a  finger.'  The  duode- 
num is  the  first  part  of  the  intestinal  canal, 
commencing  at  the  pyloric  orifice  of  the  sto- 
mach, and  terminating  in  the  jejunum.  Its 
length  is  about  1:2  fingers'  breadth,  and  as  it  is 
only  partially  covered  by  the  peritoneum,  it  is 
susceptible  of  considerable  dilatation  ;  hence  its 
name  Ventriculus  succenturiatus.  In  the  duo- 
denum, chyificulion  takes  place  after  the  ad- 
mixture of  the  biliary  and  pancreatic  fluids  with 
the  chyme. 

DUO-STER'NAL.  Beclard  thus  names  the 
second  osseous  portion  of  the  sternum,  which 
corresponds  to  the  second  intercostal  space. 

DUPLICATION,  (duo,  'two,'  and  plicare, 
'to  fold.')     Dajjltca'lio,  Dup!ic"itus,  D'qilasias'- 


DUPLICATURE 


262 


DY  SCORIA 


mils,  Dlplo'sis.  A  species  of  malformation,  cha- 
racterized by  the  parts  concerned  being  doubled. 
—Meckel. 

DU'PLICATURE,  Duplicata'ra,  Reflection, 
from  duplex,  'double,'  'twofold.'  The  folding 
or  reflection  of  a  membrane  upon  itself;  as 
Duplicalurc  or  reflection  of  ike  pleura,  peritouc- 

U.  Tfi    cc  c 

DUPQN'DIUM.  A  weight  of  four  drachms. 
— Galen. 

DUR,  Hard. 

DURA  MATER,  Crassa  meninx,  Dura  me- 
ninz,  Meninx  exte'rior,  Meninx  sclera,  pache.i'a  of 
Galen,  Dura  membra! na  cer'ebrum  am'biens,  Cu- 
ticulu'ris  membra' na,  M.  dermulo'des,  Meninge, 
— (Ch.)  it  has  been  called  dura,  because  of 
its  great  resistance  ;  and,  mater,  because  it  was 
believed  to  give  rise  to  every  membrane  of  the 
body.  (F  )  Dure  mere.  Dure' Ta ye  (Park)  It 
is  a  fibrous,  semitransparent  membrane,  of  a 
pearly-white  colour,  thick,  and  very  resisting; 
lines  the  cavity  of  the  cranium,  and  contains 
the  spinal  marrow;  protects  the  brain  and  mar- 
row; and,  by  its  various  expansions — the  fulx. 
cerebri,  tentorium,  etc., — supports  the  different 
parts  of  the  cerebral  mass.  The  largest  artery 
of  the  dura  mater  is  the  A.  meningzfa  me'dia 

Dura  Mater,  Lateral  Processes  of  the, 
Tentorium. 

DURE  MERE,  Dura  mater. 

DURE  TAYE,  Dura  mater. 

DURETE  D' OREILLE,  Baryecoia— d.  de 
I'Ouie,  Deafness. 

DURILLON,  Callosity. 

DURUS,  Hard. 

DWARF,  Nanus. 

DWARFISH,  see  Nanus. 

DYCTOIDES,  Reticular. 

DYERS'BKOOM,  Genista  tinctoria— d. 
Weed.  Genista  tinctoria,  Reseda  luteola. 

DY  NAMETER,  Dynamometer. 

DYN  AM'IC,  Dijarn' tens,  (F.)Dynamique:  same 
etymon.  In  Mechanics,  the  part,  which  inves- 
tigates the  powers  whereby  bodies  are  put  in 
motion,  and  the  laws  resulting  therefrom.  In 
Biology,  that  which  relates  to  the  vital  forces. 
Those  influences  of  agents  on  the  organism, 
which  are  ascribable  to  neither  mechanical  nor 
chemical  causes, are  sometimes  termed  dynamic. 

DYN  AMICUS,  Dynamic. 

DYN  AMIS.  Force. 

DYNAMOM'ETER,  Myodynamometer,  My- 
odynamom'eter,  from  iuraftig,  'force,'  ' vital 
power,'  and  turgor,  '  measure.'  An  instrument, 
contrived  by  M.  Regnier,  for  measuring  the 
comparative  muscular  strength  of  man  and  ani- 
mals. It  consists  of  a  spring,  which,  when 
pressed  upon,  causes  a  needle  to  move  upon  a 
portion  of  a  circle,  furnished  with  a  scale  of 
kilogrammes  and  one  of  myriafframmes.  To 
measure  the  strength  of  the  Imnds,  the  two 
branches  of  the  spring  are  firmly  grasped,  and 
brought  as  near  together  as  the  force  can  carry 
them.  This  effort  makes  the  needle  traverse, 
and  indicates,  on  the  scale  of  kilogrammes,  the 
strength  of  the  experimenter's  hands.  A  man, 
25  or  30  years  of  age,  exerts  a  force  commonly 
equal  to  50  kilogrammes  or  100  pounds. 

The  strength  of  the  loins  of  a  man,  about  30 
years  of  age,  as  indicated  by  this  instrument, 
is  usually  about  13  my ria<rra mines,  or 265  pounds, 
which  shows  the  weight  he  is  capable  of  raising. 

From  experiments   made  by  Peron,  in    hts 


voyage,  on  12  individuals  of  Van  Dioman's 
Land,  17  of  New  Holland,  5G  of  the  Island  of 
Timor,  17  Frenchmen  belonging  to  the  expe- 
dition, and  14  Englishmen  in  the  colony  of 
New  South  Wales,  he  found  their  comparative 
strength,  indicated  by  the  dynamometer,  to  be 
as  follows: 


Table. 


Natives  of 

Strength 

of  the  arm. 

of  the  loins. 

Kilog. 

lbs. 

Myri. 

lbs. 

203.08 
238.64 
310.08 
332.52 

1.  Van   Dieman's 

Land 

2.  New  Holland 

3.  Timor 

4.  France 

5.  England 

50.6 
50.8 

5S.7 
60.2 
71.4 

1012 
101.6 
117.4 

1384 
1424 

10.2 
11.6 
15  2 
15.2 

Dynamometer  or  Dynameter,  Medicinal. 
An  instrument,  invented  by  Dr.  Paris,  for  the 
purpose  of  showing  the  quantity  of  active  mat- 
ter contained  in  a  given  weight  or  measure  of 
any  officinal  compound,  with  the  dose  of  any 
preparation,  which  will  be  equivalent  in  strength 
to  a  given  quantity  of  any  other  of  the  same 
class.  The  instrument  is  more  ingenious  than 
useful. 

DYOTA,  Diota. 

DYS,  dv$,  in  composition,  'difficult,  faulty:' 
sometimes  privative;  mostly  answering  to  the 
particles  dis,  in,  mis,  or  un,  in  English.     Hence: 

DYSESTHESIA,  from  Sue, '  with  difficulty,' 
and  uurdurc/uai, '  I  feel.'  Obscure, diminished, 
or  even  abolished  sensation. 

Dysesthesia  Auditoria,  Cophosis — d.  Gus- 
tatoria,  Ageustia — d.  Interna,  Amnesia — d.  01- 
factoria,  Anosmia. 

Dysesthesia  Visoa'lis,  Furop'sis.  Sense 
of  sight  vitiated  or  lost. 

DYSANAGO'GOS,  from  Sv?,  'with  diffi- 
culty,'  and  avayw,  'I  bring  up.'  That  which  is 
expectorated  with  difficulty.  An  epithet  given, 
by  the  Greek  writers,  to  the  sputa,  when  ex- 
pectorated with  difficulty,  on  account  of  their 
viscidity. 

DYSANNARRHOPHE'SIS,  Dysanarrhopti- 
in,-  from  Svg,  '  with  difficulty,'  and  ctvaQOoyijatS, 
'absorption.'  Diminished  absorption  from  mor- 
bid causes. 

DYSCATABROSIS,  Dysphagia. 

DYSCATAPOS1S,  Dysphagia. 

DYSCATAPOTIA,  from  3v?,  and  KaTtTuru, 
'I  drink.'  Difficulty  of  swallowing  liquids. 
This  term  is  recommended  by  Dr.  Mead  as  a 
substitute  for  hydrophobia,  which  means  dread 
of  liquids.  The  dread  seems  to  be  partly  caused 
by  the  difficulty  of  deglutition. 

DYSCHRCE'A,  from  3vc,  'with  difficulty,' 
and  -/no*  or  XQoiet.,  '  colour  '  Dischrv'a.  Sickly 
or  unhealthy  colour  of  the  skin.  Used  synony- 
mously with  the  maculae  (q.  v.)  of  Willan. 

DYSCINE'SIA,  from  <Vc,  'with  difficulty,' 
and  xivew,  '  i  move.'  Difficulty  or  utter  inca- 
pability of  moving  — Galen. 

DYSCOILIA.  Constipation. 

DYSCOPHO'SIS,  from  .W/with  difficulty,' 
and  Kocpow,  T  am  deaf.1  A  defect  in  the  sense 
of  hearing. —  Hippocrates. 

DYSCO'RIA,  from  dug,  and  x"?>;, 'the  pupil.' 
Irregularity  of  shape  of  the  pupil. 


DYSCRASIA 


263 


DYSOPIA 


DYSCRA'SIA,  from  dug,  and  kqccois,  '  tempe- 
rament.' Inteiupe'ries  (q.  v.)  A  bad  habit  of* 
body. 

Dyscrasia  ScnoFULosA,  Scrofula — d.  Tuber- 
culosa, see  Tubercle. 

DYSCRASIA,  Dysthetica. 
DYS'CRITOS,  from   cSug,  'with   difficulty,' 
and  xgio-ic,  'judgment.'     That  which  it  is  dif- 
ficult to  judge  of. —  Hippocrates. 

DYSDA'CRIA,  from  8vg,  and  JWotior, 'a  tear.' 
A  morbid  condition  of  the  tears. 

DYSECCRIS'IA,  from  Ji^,  and  sxx^ffis,  'ex- 
cretion.'    Difficult  or  defective  excretion. 
DYSECCEA,Baryecoia,  Deafness. 
DYSEL'CIA,  Dysrpulo'tus,  from  $ug,  '  with 
difficulty,'   and  lAnog,  'an   ulcer.'      An   ulcer 
difficult  to  heal. — Hippocrates,  Foesius. 
DYSEMES1A,  Vomiturition. 
DYSENTERIA  HEPATICA,  Hepatirrhcea. 
DYSENTERONERVTA,  Colic— d.  Suturni- 
na,  Colica  metallica. 

DYS'ENTERY,  Dijfficul'tas  intestino'rum, 
from  fug ,  and  evrs^ov, '  an  intestine.'  Dissolu'lus 
morbus,  Diarrha'u  carnosa,  Coli'tis,  Coloni'tis, 
Colo-rccii'lis,  Endocoli'tis,  Esocoli'lis,  Brfiux'us 
Dysenter'icus,  Febris  Dysentcr'ica,  F lumen  dy- 
senter'icum,  Fluxus  dysenter'icus,  F.  crucn'tus 
cum  Tcncs'mo,  PJieuiiiatis'mus  intestino'rum 
cum  ul'ceil,  Tor'mina  Celsi,  Tor'mina,  Bleu- 
nentcr'ia,  Bloody  Flux;  Flux,  (F.)  Flux  dysen- 
tirique,  Flux  <le  sang-.  Inflammation  of  the 
mucous  membrane  of  the  large  intestine;  the 
chief  symptoms  of  which  are;  —  fever,  more 
or  less  inflammatory,  with  frequent  mucous 
or  bloody  evacuations:  violent  tormina  and 
tenesmus.  When  the  evacuations  do  not  con- 
tain blood,  it  has  been  called  Dysenlcr'ia  ullia 
or  simple  Dysentery.  The  seat  of  the  dis- 
ease is,  generally,  in  the  colon  and  rectum.  It 
occurs,  particularly,  during  the  summer  and 
autumnal  months,  and  in  hot  climates  more 
than  in  cold:  frequently,  also,  in  camps  and 
prisons,  in  consequence  of  impure  air,  and  im- 
perfect nourishment:  and  is  often  epidemic. 
Sporadic  cases  of  dysentery  are,  generally, 
easily  managed;  but  when  the  disease  occurs 
epidemically,  it  often  exhibits  great  malig- 
nancy. Generally,  it  yields  to  mild  laxatives. 
as  castor  oil,  combined  with  diaphoretic  nar- 
cotics, such  as  the  pulvis  ipecacuanhas  composi- 
tes, and  counter-irritants  to  the  abdotnen;  but, 
at  times,  the  inflammation  runs  on  so  speedily 
to  ulceration,  that,  unless  a  new  action  be  ra- 
pidly excited,  death  will  be  the  consequence. 
In  such  cases,  mercury  must  be  rapidly  intro- 
duced into  the  system,  and  narcotics  may  be 
combined  with  it.  The  whole  management  in 
acute  dysentery  must,  of  course,  be  strictly 
antiphlogistic. 

DYSEPULOTOS,  Dyselcia. 
DYSGA'LIA,  from  iug,  and  yaXa, '  milk.'    An 
unhealthy  condition  or  depravation  of  the  milk. 
DYSG'ENiNE'SIA,  from  Svg,  and  ysrea.g, 'ge- 
neration.'    Lesion  of  the  generative  organs  or 
functions. 

DYSGEU'SIA,  from  fvg,  and  vev<rtg,  '  taste.' 
A  morbid  condition  of  the  sense  of  taste. 

DYSH/EMORRHCE'A,  from  ivc,  '  with  dif- 
ficulty,'and  'chuoqqiu),  'I  pass  blood.'  Dimi- 
nution or  suppression  of  the  hemorrhoidal  flux. 
Also,  symptoms  occasioned  by  its  diminution 
or  suppression. — Sagar. 


DYSHAPII'IA,  nymph' in,  from  Svg,  and  fa, 
'touch.'  A  morbid  condition  of  the  sense  of 
touch. 

DYSILE'MIA,  from  fvg,  and  'cupa,  'blood.' 
A  morbid  condition  of  the  blood. 

DYSH.-EMORimGE'A, from  Jug, <f7<a,<blood,' 
and  pev>,  'to  flow.'  Difficulty  of  the  flow  of 
blood, — according  to  some,  of  the  hemorrhoidal 
flux. 

DYSHFDRIA,  from  Sve,  and  <i$oos,  'sweat.' 
A  morbid  state  of  the  perspiration. 

DYSIATOS,  ivaiarog,  from  fug,  'with  dif- 
ficulty,'and  lafxcti,  'to  heal;'  Cura'tu  diffid'Uis. 
Difficult  of  cure. — Hippocrates. 

DYSLALIA,  Balbuties. 

DYSLOCHI'A,  CoVica  lochia! lis,  Hysteral'gia 
lochialis,  from  Jug,  and  Ko/iog;  '  relating  to  par- 
turition.' Diminution  or  suppression  of  the  lo- 
chial  discharge. 

DYSMASE'SIS,  Dyrmasse'sis,  Bradymast'- 
sis,  from  Jug,  'with  difficulty,'  and  /jtaa-r^ig, 
'  mastication.'  Difficult  or  impeded  mastication. 

DYSMENIA.  Dysmenorrhoea. 

D YSMENORRH&E,  Dysmenorrhcea. 

DYSMKNOKRHCE'A,  Dysme'nia,  Parame'- 
l  nia  dij!ic"ilis,  Menorrhagia  sti!luti"tia,  Ante- 
norrhw'a  diffid'Uis,  3Icnscs  dolorif'ica,  Menor- 
rha'gia  diffi.cil.is,  Menstrua'tio  difficilis,  M.  dolo- 
rif'ica, Labo'rious  Menstrua' lion,  (F.)  Dysme- 
norrhea, Menstruation  difficile,  Regies  dijficiles, 
Strangwie  menstruelle.  Catamenia  passed  with 
great  local  pain,  especially  in  the  loins: — with 
sometimes  a  membranous  discharge.  Dysme- 
norrhcea is  very  difficult  of  removal,  and  pre- 
vents conception.  In  the  married  female,  if  she 
should  be  able  to  pass  one  period  without  pain, 
and  subsequently  become  pregnant,  the  morbid 
action  may  be  broken  in  upon,  by  gestation, 
and  a  perfect  cure  be  obtained.  Chanoe  of  air, 
soon  alter  marriage,  will  sometimes  give  occa- 
sion to  this  desirable  result.  The  affection  ge- 
nerally depends  upon  subinflammation  of  the 
interior  of  the  uterus,  called  into  action  at  each 
catamenial  period.  The  violence  of  the  pain 
requires  the  liberal  use  of  narcotics. 

DYSMiNE'SIA;  from  dvg, '  badly,'  and  uvqots, 
'memory.'     Defective  memory. 

DY.sA-liPHRChVER VIE,  S'e phralgia. 

DYSO'DIA;  Svotodta,  '  fcetor,'  from  $vg, 
'badly,'  and  otw,  'I  smell.'  (F.)  Puantcw. 
Sauvages  has  given  this  generic  name  to  all 
diseases,  characterized  by  fetid  emanations, 
from  whatever  part  proceeding;  —  from  the 
mouth,  nasal  fossa?,  bronchia,  stomach,  axilla?, 
groins,  &c.     Also,  a  stench  or  stink. 

DYSODONTI'ASIS,  from  dug,  'with  dif- 
ficulty,' and  oSorriuaig,  'dentition.'  Difficult 
dentition. 

DYSONEl'ROS,  from  Sve,  'with  difficulty,' 
and  ovttqag,  'a  dream.'  imsomnia,  with  rest- 
lessness. 

DYSO'PIA,  properly  Dysop'siu,  Svnvmta, 
signifying  'shame,'  from  8vg,  '  with  difficulty,' 
and  out ofiai,  'I  see.'  Difficulty  of  seeing:  ob- 
scurity of  vision. 

DvsoriA  Dissitorum,  Myopia. 

Dvsopia  Lateua'i.is,  Parop'sis  lateralis, 
Skue-sight,  Sight  askew.  Vision  only  accurate 
when  the  object  is  placed  obliquely.  This  state 
is  generally  caused  by  some  opacity  of  the  cor- 
nea. 

Dvsopia  Luminis,  Nyctalopia — d.  Proximo- 
rum,  Presbytia-  d.  Tenebrarum,  Hemeralopia. 


DYS0PS1A 


SMJ4 


DYSTOCIA  ABORTIVA 


DYSOPSIA.Dysopia. 

DYSOREX'IA,  from  Sv?,  'with  difficulty, 

and  oofIic,  'appetite.'     Diminution  of  appetite. 

DYSOS'MIA,  from  Sv?,  'with  diffifulty, 
and  o(iwij,  'smell.'     Diminution  of  smell. 

DYSOSPHRE'SIA,  Dysosphre' sis,  from  Sv?, 
and  oot/iojjais,  '  the  sense  of  smell.'  A  morbid 
stale  of  the  sense  of  smell. 

DYSOSTOSIS;  from  Sv?,  and  onrtov,  -a 
bone  '  A  faulty  conformation  or  morbid  condi- 
tion of  bone.  , 

DYSPEPSIA,  from  Sv?,  'with  difficulty, 
and  nt/iTu),  'I  concoct.'  Limo'sis'Dyspep'sia, 
Anoreafia,  Apep'sia,  Bradypep'sia,  Gastroatax  la, 
Duns' tio  depruva'ta,  D.  diffid'ilis,  D.  besa,  Gas- 
tnZato'nia,  Indigestion,  Brevity  of  Digestion. 
\  state  of  the  stomach,  in  which  its  functions 
■ire  disturbed,  without  the  presence  of  oilier  dis- 
eases or  when,  if  other  diseases  be  present,  they 
are  of  but  minor  importance.  The  symptoms 
of  dyspepsia  are  very  various.  Those  affecting 
the  stomach  itself  are:— loss  of  appetite;  nau- 
sea; pain  in  the  epigastrium  or  hypochondnum, 
heart-burn;  sense  of  fulness,  or  weight  in  the 
stomach;  acrid  or  fetid  eructations;  pyrosis,  and 
sense  of  fluttering  or  sinking  at  the  pit  of  the 
stomach.  The  sympathetic  affections  are  of  the 
most  diversified  character.  Dyspepsia,  being 
generally  of  a  functional  nature,  is  devoid  of 
danger.  When  arising  from  disease  of  the 
stomach  itself,  it  is,  of  course,  more  serious. 

It  is  usually  dependent  on  irregularity  of 
living;  either  in  the  quantity  or  quality  of  the 
food  taken:  and  the  most  successful  treatment 
is,  to  put  the  patient  on  a  diet  easy  of  diges- 
tion; to  combat  the  causes,  where  such  are 
apparent;  and,  by  proper  remedies  and  regi- 
men, to  strengthen  the  system  in  every  practi- 
cable manner.  A  great  error  exists  in  regard- 
ing it  as  always  a  disease  of  debility.  It  is 
often  connected  with  an  inflammatory  or  sub- 
inflammatory  condition  of  the  mucous  lining 
of  the  stomach,  and  of  course  a  very  different 
plan  of  treatment  is  required  in  the  two  cases. 
Dyspepsia  is  often  attended  with  too  great  a 
secretion  of  the  gastric  acids;  but,  on  other 
occasions,  they  would  appear  to  be  too  small  in 
quantity,  so  as  to  constitute  alkaline  indigestion 
"or  neutral  indigestion. 

Dyspkpsia  Chlorosis,  Chlorosis— d.  Hypo- 
chondriasis, Hypochondriasis— d.  Pyrosis,  Py- 
rosis. 

DYSPEPSODYNIA,  Cardialgia. 
DYSPERMA'SlA,    Dyspermatis'mus,   from 
Svc,    'with    difficulty,'    and    ont-Qua,    'sperm' 
Difliculty— sometimes    incapacity— of  voiding 
the  sperm. 

DYSPHA'GIA,  Dyscatabro'sis,  Dysrataposis, 
]h-,jhiiit"io  diffid'ilis,  D.he'sa,  D.impedi'ta,  from 
Sv?,  'with  difficulty,'  and  (payw,  'I  eat.'  Diffi- 
culty of  deglutition.  Dysphagia  is  almost  al- 
ways symptomatic;  either  of  inflammation  or 
of  other  disease  of  the  organs  of  deglutition,  or 
of  incomplete  obstruction  of  the  oesophagus,  by 
some  obstacle  within  it,  or  by  a  neighbouring 
tumour.  At  times,  it  is  produced  by  spasm  or 
paralysis  of  the  oesophagus.  The  prognosis  and 
treatment  vary  according  to  the  cause. 

Dysphagia  Atonica,  Pharyngoplegia— d.  In- 
flammatory, Oesophagitis— d.  Pharyngea,  D. 
Constricta—  d.  CEsophagea,  D.  Constricta— d. 
Spasmodica,  CEsophagismus— d.  Gallosa,  D. 
Constricta— d.  Paralytica,  Pharyngoplegia—  d. 


Nervosa,  CEsophaffismus— d.  Torpida,  Pharyn- 
goplegia—d.  Globosa,  Angonc— d.  Hysterica, 
Angone — d.  Lnflammatoria,  Cynanche  tonsilla- 
ris— d.  Linjruosa,  Paraglossa— d.  Ranula,  Ra- 
nu]a — d.  Uvulosa,  Staphyledema. 

Dyspiia'gia  Consthic'ta,  D.  Pharyngea,  D. 
CEsophagea,  D.  Callosa.  Strictu'ra  Pharyngis 
sen  (Esoph'agi  vera,  S.  (E.  Callosa,  Stenoehoria 
(Esoph'agi,  CEsophdgiarc'tia,  Stricture  of  the 
pharynx  and  oesophagus  is  an  affection  which 
may  be  the  result  of  pharyngitis  or  oesophagitis; 
but  more  frequently  of  malignant  disease  in  the 
parietes  of  the  tube.  The  only  remedy  is  the 
bougie. 

DYSPHO'NIA,  from  Sv?,  and  (pwrv,  'the 
voice.'  Difficulty  of  producing  and  articulating 
sounds:  voice  imperfect  or  depraved.  Apho'- 
nia  (of  some.) 

Dysphoria  Immodulata  Nasalis,  Rhinopho- 
nia— d.  Immodulata  palatina,  Asaphia. 

DYSPHORTA,  lnquietu'do,  Asta'sia,  Dissa- 
tisfaction; restlessness;  suffering;  from  Sv?,  and 
cptQvi,  'I  bear.' 

Dysphoria  Anxietas,  Anxiety— d.  Nervosa, 
Fidgets— d.  Simplex,  Fidgets. 

DYSITO'NIA,  from  Sv?,  and  niiav,  'fat.'  A 
morbid  condition  of  the  adipous  substance. 
DYSPLAS.MATIC,  Cacoplastic. 
DYSPNCE'A,  from  5tc,and  nrsto,'!  breathe,' 
Pseudo-asthma,  Respira'tio  diffid'ilis,  Bracluj- 
pneda,  Retentio  ae'rea,  AnheUdtion,  Short  breath, 
Difficulty  of  breathing,  (F.)  Courle  Haleine.  Dys- 
pnoea may  be  idiopathic  or  symptomatic;  the 
latter  accompanies  almost  all  thoracic  diseases. 
Urgent  dyspnoea  has  been  called  amphipneu'ma, 
caiiptnrivfia  — Hippocrates. 

Dyspnosa  Convui.siva,  Asthma— d.  Hydro- 
thoraciea,  Hydrolhorax  —  d.  Physothoracica, 
Pneumothorax— d.  Pinguedinnsa,  Pursiness— 
d  Pneumatica,  Pneumothorax— d.  Pyothora- 
cica,  Empyema. 

DYSSIA'LIA,  from  Sv?,  and  aiaXo?,  'saliva. 
A  morbid  condition  of  the  saliva. 

DYSSYNOR'RIA,  from  Sv?,  and  owovaia, 
'coition.'     Difficulty  of  sexual  intercourse. 

DYrSTHAN'ATOS,  from  Sv?,  and  &avaro?, 
'death.'  That  which  causes  a  slow  and  pain- 
ful death.  One  who  experiences  this  kind  of 
death. —  Hippocrates. —  Galen. 

DYSTHELA'SIA,  from  Sv?,  and  aijiata,  'I 
trive  suck.'     Inaptitude  for  suckling. 
°  DYSTHERAPEU'TOS,  Difficiliter  cura'bilis; 
from   Sv?.  and   dtouneia,  'medical  treatment.' 
That  which  is  difficult  of  cure. 

DYSTHE'SIA.  Bad  humour.  Impatience 
in  disease;  from  Sv?,  'badly,'  and  rii)>,iu,  '1 
am  situate.' — Erotian. 

DYSTIIET'ICA,  Cachcx'ix,  Cachexies;  same 
etymon.  A  morbid  condition  of  the  blood  or 
blood-vessels;  alone  or  connected  with  a  mor- 
bid state  of  other  fluids,  producing  a  diseased 
habit.  The  4th  order  in  the  class  Hxmatica  of 
Good,  including  Plethora,  Hmmorrhagia,  &o. 

DYSTHYM'IA,  from  Sv?,  and  9vuo?, '  mind. 
Depression,  Despondency.  A  bad  sign  in  acute 
diseases. 

DYSTOCIA,  Mogosto'cia.  from  Sv?,  and 
to/oc,  '  accouchement.'  A  laborious  accouche- 
mint,  Parodynia,  morbid  labour,  difficult  labour- 
Partus  dijJuriUs-     See  Laborious. 

Dystocia  Abohtiva,  Abortion— d.  Dyscye- 
sis,  Pregnancy,  morbid— d.  Dysoyesia  extra- 
ute'rina^ee  Pregnancy,  preternatural. 


DYSTCECH1ASIS 


2G5 


EAU  DE  LAC 


DYSTCECHIASIS,  Hispid' 'itas,  from  Svg, 
'had,'  and  oroi/og,  'order.'  Irregular  position 
of  the  eye-lashes. — Foreslus. 

DYSTON'IA,  from  dvg,  and  rovog,  'tone.' 
Morbid  condition  of  the  tone  of  a  tissue  or 
organ. 

DYSU'RIA,  Uri'nae  d>ffi.c"ilis  excre'tio,  from 
dvg,  'with  difficulty,'  and  ovqov,  'urine.'  Stran'- 
gury   (q.  v.)   (of  some.)     Difficulty  of  passing 


the  urine.  In  this  affection  the  urine  is  voided 
with  pain,  and  a  sensation  of  heat  in  some  part 
of  the  urethra.  Dysuria  is  the  first  deoree  of 
retention  of  urine.  It  differs  from  strangury, 
in  which  the  urine  can  only  be  passed  in  drops 
and  with  great  straining. 

Dysuria  Calculosa,  Calculi,  vesical  —  d. 
Irritata,  Calculi,  vesical — d.  Mucosa,  Cystir- 
rhcea. 


E. 


EAGLE-STONE,  Utiles. 
EAR,  Avris,  Otis,  ovg,  Saxon,  eajie,  (F.) 
Oreille.  The  organ  of  audition.  It  is  com- 
posed of  a  series  of  more  or  less  irregular  cavi- 
ties, in  which  the  sonorous  rays  are  successively 
received  and  reflected,  until  they  agitate  the 
nerves  which  are  destined  to  convey  the  im- 
pression to  the  brain.  The  ear  is  contained 
partly  in  the  substance  of  the  temporal  bones; 
and  a  part  projects  externally,  behind  the  joint 
of  the  lower  jaw.  It  may  be  divided  into  three 
portions; — the  outer  or  external  car,  formed  by 
the  auricle  and  meatus  auditorius;  the  middle 
ear,  comprising  the  cavity  of  the  tympanum 
and  its  dependencies;  and  the  internal  ear,  com- 
prehending the  three  semicircular  canals,  the 
cochlea  and  the  vestibule;  which,  together, 
constitute  the  osseous  labyrinth.  Within  the 
cavity  of  this  labyrinth  are  contained  mem- 
branes having  nearly  the  shape  of  the  vestibule 
and  semicircular  canals,  but  not  extending  into 
the  cochlea.  These  membranes  form  the  mem- 
branous labyrinth.  Between  the  osseous  and 
the  membianous  labyrinth  is  situate  the  liquor 
of  Cotunnius,  and  within  the  membranous  laby- 
rinth, is  a  fluid  termed  by  De  Blainville  vitrine 
auditive,  from  its  supposed  analogy  to  the  vitre- 
ous humour  of  the  eye.  The  form  of  the  mem- 
branous vestibule  is  not  an  exact  imitation  of 
the  osseous  cavity,  being  composed  of  two  dis- 
tinct sacs,  which  open  into  each  other, — the 
one  termed  the  Sacculus  vestibuli;  the  other  the 
Sacculus  (q.  v.)  Each  sac  contains  in  its  inte- 
rior a  small  mass  of  white  calcareous  matter 
resembling  powdered  chalk,  which  seems  to  be 
suspended  in  the  fluid  of  the  sacs  by  means  of 
a  number  of  nervous  filaments  proceeding  from 
the  auditory  nerve.  These  are  the  otoconics  and 
otolilhes  of  Breschet. 

The  auditory  nerve  is  distributed  to  the  ca- 
vities of  the  internal  ear. 

Ear,  Flap,  Proptoma  auricularum. 

EAR-PICK,  Oto'glyphis,  Coch'lear  auricula're, 
Auriscal'pium.  (F.)  Curc-oreille.  A  species  of 
small  scoop,  used  for  extracting  hardened  ceru- 
men from  the  meatus  auditorius  externus;  or 
to  remove  foreign  bodies  from  the  ear.  If  care- 
lessly used,  it  is  apt  to  excite  inflammation  of 
the  tube. 

EAR-TRUMPET,  Tubus  acus'tiens,  Acus'li- 
cum  Cornu,  (F.)  Cornet  acoustiquc.  An  instru- 
ment for  collecting  sound  and  increasing  its 
intensity,  used  by  those  who  are  hard  of  hear- 
ing. It  is.  commonly,  a  kind  of  cone,  formed 
of  silver,  tin,  or  elastic  gum,  the  base  of  which 
is  turned  towards  the  person  who  is  speaking, 
and  the  apex  placed  in  the  entrance  of  the 
meatus  auditorius  externus. 
18 


EARTH,  CLUB,  Orobanche  Americana— e. 
Fuller's,  Cimolia  purpurescens— e.  Gall,  Vera- 
trum  viride — e  Heavy,  Baryta — e.  Japan,  Ca- 
techu— e.  Lemnian,  Terra  Lemnia— e.  Ponder- 
ous, Baryta — e.  Samian,  Sami  terra — e.  Sealed, 
Terra  sigillata. 

EARTHNUT,  Pignut,  Bunium  bulbocasta- 
num. 

EAU,  Water — e.  d 'Aix -la-Chapelle,  see  Aix- 
la-Chapelle. 

EAU  D'ALJBOUR.  This  compound  is  made 
of  sulphate  of  zinc,  and  sulphate  of  copper,  each 
(^j ;  camphor,  ten  grains;  saffron,  four  grains; 
icatfir,  four  fluidounces.  Employed  in  chronic 
inflammation  of  the  eyelids,  and  as  a  vulnerary. 

EAU  DE  L' AMNIOS,  Liquor  amnii— e. 
d'Amandes   amlres,   Aqua   amygdalarum   con- 

EAU  ANT1  PUTRID E    DE    BEAUFORT. 

Mineral    lemonade    prepared    with    sulphuric 
acid. 

EAU  D'ARMAGNAC,  Tinctura  cinnamomi 
composita — e.  de  Balaruc,  Balaruc  waters — e.  de 
Bareges,  Barecres  water — e.  Blanche,  Liquor 
plumbisubacetatisdilutus — e.dcBonfcrme,  Tinc- 
tura cinnamomi  composita — e.  de  Bonnes,  Bon- 
nes, mineral  waters  of — e.  de  Boule,  see  Ferrum 
lartarizatum — c.  de  Bourbonnc-les-Bains,  Bour- 
bonne-les-Bains,  mineral  waters  of — e.  des  Car- 
mes,  see  Melissa — e.  de  Chaux,  Liquor  calcis — 
e.  de  Chavx  composie,  Liquor  calcis  compositus 
— e.  de  Cuivre  ammoniacal,  Liquor  cupri  am- 
moniati— e.  distillce,  Water  distilled — e.  de  Fon- 
taine, Water,  spring— c.  des  Fontaines  de  la 
Mareguerie,  Rouen,  mineral  waters  of — e.  contre 
la  Gangrene,  Liquor  hydrargyri  nitrici — e.  de 
Goudron,  see  Pinus  sylvestris — e.  de  Goulard, 
Liquor  plumbi  subacetatis  dilutus — e.  d'Husson, 
Want's  Vinum  colchici — c.  de.s  Hydropiques, 
Serum  of  serous  membranes — e.  Hydrosulfurde 
simple,  Hydrosulphuretted  water. 

EAU  DE  JAVELLE,  Bleaching  liquid,  Aqua 
alkali' na  oxijmuriat'ica,  (Common  salt  Ibij,  black 
oxide  of  manganese  Ibj,  water  Ibij.  Put  into  a 
retort,  and  add,  gradually,  oil  of  vitriol  Ibij. 
Pass  the  vapour  through  a  solution  of  subcar- 
bonate  oj  potass  3iij,  in  water  ^xxix,  applying 
heat  towards  the  last.  S.  G.  1.087.)  It  is 
stimulant,  detergent,  and  antiseptic, — applied 
externally. 

EAU  DE  LAC,  Water,  lake— e.  de  Luce 
Spiritus  ammonia;  succinatus — e.  de  Marais 
Water,  marsh — e.  Medicinale  d'Husson,  see  Col 
chicum  autumnale — c.  de  Mer,  Water,  sea — e 
Mercurielle,  Liquor  hydrargyri  nitrici  —  e.  Mind 
rale,  Water,  mineral — e.  de  Naples,  Naples  wa 
ter,  factitious — c.  de  Kcige,  Water,  snow — e  de. 
Pluie,  Water,  rain — e  de  Potasse,  Liquor  potas 


EAVX,  LES 


2C6 


ACHAUFFEMENT 


sae — e.  de  Puit,  Water,  well— e.  Regale,  Nitro- 
muriatic  acid — e.  de  Source,  Water,  well — c. 
Sucrcc.  Hydrosaccharutn — e,  Vigelo-minerale, 
Liquor  P/umlii  subacetalis  dilutus — c.  de.  Vichy, 
Vichy  water— e.  de  Me.  Brandy — e.  de  Vie  Alle- 
mande,  tinctura  jalapii  composita — e.  de  Vie 
camp  tire1,  Spiritns  camphors. 

EAUX,  LES,  Liquor  ainnii — e.  Hipatiques, 
Waters,  mineral,  sulfureous — e.  Minemles  arti- 
ficielle.s,  Waters,  mineral,  artificial — e.  Minirales 
factices,  Waters,  mineral, artificial — e  MiniraUs 
ferrugineuses,  Waters,  mineral,  gaseous,  &c. 
— e.  Elinerahs  gaseuses  ou  acidules,  Waters,  mi- 
neral, gaseous,  fyz.—eMin&rales  salines,  Waters, 
mineral,  saline— e.  Mine  rales  sulfureuses,  Wa- 
ters, mineral,  sulfureous— e.  Sulfurics,  Waters, 
mineral,  sulfureous. 

EBEAUPIN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
An  acidulous  chalybeate,  in  the  department  of 
Lo;re  fnferieure,  near  Nantes. 

ABLOUISSEMENT,  Dazzling. 

EBRIECA'SUM.  A  term  employed  by  Para- 
celsus to  denote  a  disturbance  of  the  reason, 
similar  to  what  occurs  in  drunkenness. 

EBRIETAS,  Temulentia. 

EBULLITIO,  Strophulus. 

EBULLITION,  Ebullitio,  JEstua'lio,  Anaz'- 
csis,  Causis, from  ebullire,' to  bubble  up.'  Boil- 
ivs;  (F.)  Bouillunnemrnl.  The  motion  of  a 
liquid,  by  which  it  gives  off  bubbles  of  vapour, 
by  heat  or  fermentation.  The  boiling  point  of 
liquids  varies  according  to  the  pressure  to  which 
they  are  subjected.  For  the  point  of  ebullition 
of  different  substances,  see  Heat. 

Ebullition  is  used  in  France,  in  a  vague 
manner,  lor  every  kind  of  transient  eruption  of 
the  skin,  occurring  without  fever  or  with  a 
slight  febrile  attack. 

EBULUS,  Sambucus  ebulus. 

EBU 11,  Ivory. 

EC.  (before  a  vowel  Ex,)  ex,  ct, '  out  of,  from, 
of     Hence,  Ecchymoma,  Eclectic,  &c. 

ECAILLE,  Scale. 

ACAILLES  ITHUI'TRES,  Ostrcs  testes, 

ACAILLEUX,  Squamous. 

ECBESOMENOiV,  Eventus. 

ECBOLIC,  Abortive. 

ECBOL1US,  Abortive. 

ECBOLIUM  ELATERIUM,  JMomordica 
elaterium 

ECBRAS'MATA,  from  t^qatm, «  I  boil  up' 
Ecchym'ata.  Hippocrates  uses  this  word  for 
certain  burning  eruptions. 

EOCATHAKTICUS,  Cathartic. 

ECCEPHALO'SIS,  Excerebra'tio;  from  ex, 
'out,'  and  kscpoAij,  '  head.'  The  removal  of  the 
brain  of  the  child  to  facilitate  delivery. 

ECCHELYSIS.  Expectoration. 

ECCHYLOVTA,  Extract. 

ECCH  YMATA,  Ecbrasmata. 

ECCH YMO'MA,  Eechymo'sis,  Pelidno'ma 
Peli'/ma,  from  ek, 'out  of,'  and  /vuuc,  'juice,' 
'humor.'  Effu'sio,  Exsuccu't'o.  A  liquid  black, 
or  yellow  spot,  produced  by  blood  effused  into 
the  cellular  tissue  from  a  contusion.  Spontane- 
ous effusions,  occurring  as  the  result  of  disease 
or  after  death,  are  called  suggillations.  It  is  impor- 
tant, at  times,  in  a  medico-legal  point  of  view, 
to  distinguish  between  the  eccliymosis,  produced 
during  life,  and  suggillalion,  occurring  after 
death. 

Ecchymoma  Autekiosum,  see  Aneurism— e. 


Hyponychon,  Hyponychon — e.  Lymphaticum, 
Phlegmatia  dolens— e.  Melasma,  Melasma. 

ECCHYMOSIS,  Ecchymoma. 

ECCHYSIS,  Effusion. 

ECCLISIS,  Luxation. 

EC'COPE,  from  ck,  and  xomuv,  'to  cut.' 
The  act  of  cutting  out:  also,  a  perpendicular 
division  of  the  cranium,  by  a  cutting  instru- 
ment.    See  Entaille. 

ECCOP'EUS.  Same  etymon.  A  knife  or 
instrument  for  cutting.  An  ancient  instrument 
— the  raspatory — used  in  trepaning. 

ECCOPKOT'lC,  Eccoprot'icus,  Ectoprot'ie, 
from  g|,  'out  of,'  and  x.onoog,  'excrement.' 
Mild  purgatives  or  laxatives,  whose  operation 
is  confined  to  simply  clearing  out  the  intesti- 
nal canal. 

ECCORTHAT'ICUS,  from  «,  'out  of,' and 
xooduui,  'I  collect.'  An  ancient  epithet  for 
remedies  to  which  was  attributed  the  property 
of  evacuating  collections  of  humors. 

ECCRINOL'OGY,  Eccrino'og"ia, fromcuxoi- 
mi,  (ix  and  xjn*,)  '  I  separate,'  and  Xoyog,  'a 
discourse.'      A  treatise  on  the  secretions. 

EC'CRISIS.  Same  etymon.  Eicre'iw.  The 
excretion  or  eirestion,  either  of  an  excrementi- 
tious.  or  morbific  matter,  by  any  of  the  outlets. 

ECCRIT'ICA.  Diseases  of  the  excernent 
function.     The  6th  class  in  Good's  Nosology. 

ECCYE'SIS.  Pregnancy,  extra-uterine— e. 
Abdominalis,  Pregnancy,  abdominal — e.  Ova- 
ria,  Pregnancy,  ovarial — e.  Tubalis,  Pregnancy, 
tubal. 

EC  DORA,  from  tx  and  $tQw, '  I  flay.'  Anad'- 
ora.  Excoriaftio.  Excoriation  in  general,  but 
more  especially  of  the  urethra. 

ACHALOTTE,  Eschalotte,  A!' Hum  Ascalon'- 
ieum,  Cepa  Ascalonica,  The  shallot'.  A  specips 
of  allium,  employed  in  culinary  preparations. 

ACRANCRVRE,  (F.)  Em  Emar- 

ginatu'ra.  A  French  word,  employed  by  anato- 
mists to  designate  depressions  and  notches 
fq.  v.)  of  various  shapes,  observed  on  the  sur- 
face or  edoes  of  bones. 

ECHANCRURE  ETRMOIDALE  is  on  the 
nasal  bone,  which  unites  with  the  ethmoid.  See 
Ethmoid. 

ACRANCRVRE  NASALE,  Nasal  Notch,  be- 
longs to  the  os  frontis,  and  is  articulated  with 
the  bones  of  the  nose. 

ACRANCRVRE  PAROTfDIEXNE  is  atri- 
angulir  space,  comprised  between  the  parotidean 
edge  of  the  inferior  maxillary  bone  and  the  mas- 
toid process,  so  called  because  it  lodges  the  paro- 
tid eland. 

ECRARDE,  Splinter. 

ACRARPE  GRANDE,  et  A.  MOYEN,  see 
Sling— c.  de  J.  L.  Petit,  see  Sling—-."'.  Petite,  sec 
Sling. 

A  an  A  UDOVL  UR  ES,  (F.)  Suda  m'ina ,  Hidrt/a . 
A  word  whose  meaning  is  not,  fixed.  It  is  ap- 
plied to  any  eruption  on  the  surface  of  the  body. 
accompanied  with  pricking  and  other  uneasy 
sensations 

ACRAVFFANTS,  Calefacients. 

ACHAUFFEMENT,  (F.)  Calrfac'tio,  Excak- 
fac'tio,  from  ichavffcr ,cal 'efacere,1  to  make  warm.' 
Augmentation  of  heat  in  the  animal  economy, 
the  symptoms  of  which  are  in  ordi- 

nary sensation  of  heat,  disposition  to  perspira- 
tion, great  thirst,  general  indisposition.  Hushed 
countenance,  &c.  It  goes  off  by  the  use  of  an- 
tiphlogistics   and    abstinence.      In    the   vulgar 


ECHECOLLON 


2G7 


ECPLEROMA 


language,  it  is  often  used  synonymously  with 
constipation,  (q.  v.)  and  sometimes  for  simple 
gonorrhoea,  (q.  v  )  and  for  chafing,  (c\.  v  ) 

ECHECOL'LON,  from  sXu>,  '1'have,'  and 
xoX/.u,  'glue.'  Echecoflwm.  Any  topical,  glu- 
tinous remedy. — Gorrasus,  Galen. 

ECHELLES  DU  LIMACOJY,  Scala?  of  the 
cochlea. 

EGHENEIS,  Remora  Hildani. 

ECHETROS1S,  Bryonia  alba. 

ECUINE.  Vertebral  column. 

ECHUNOCOCCUS,  HOMIN1S,  see  Worms 
— e.  Humanus    Hydatid. 

ECH1NOGLOSSUM,  Ophioglossum  vulga- 
tum. 

ECHINOPHTHAL'MIA,  from  *Xivo?,  'a 
hedgehog.'  and  oqdttXuia, '  inflammation  of  the 
eye.'  Ophthalmia  of  the  eyelids  in  which  the 
cilia  project  like  the  quills  of  the  hedgehog. 

ECHI'NOPS,  from  i/iroc,  '  hedgehog,'  and 
vnfj,  'the  appearance.'  Crocodil'ion,  Acanlhal 
zuca,  Scabio'sa  carduifo'lia,  Sphasroceph'ala  ela- 
tior,  Echinopus,  Echinops  Sphxrocepk'alus.  The 
globe  thistle.  The  root  and  seeds  are  reputed  to 
be  moderately  diuretic 

ECHINOPUS,  Echinops. 

ECHINUS  SCANDENS,  Allamanda. 

ECHOS.  Tinnitus  aurium. 

ECHOSCOPIUM.  Stethoscope. 

ECHTHYS'J'EROCYESIS,  Pregnancy,  ex- 
tra-, ilerine. 

ECLACTIS'MA, Eclamj/sis,  Eclamp' 'sia,Epi- 
Itanp'&is,  Effulgescen'tia,  from  s xXuxntw,'!  kick.' 
Epilepsy  is  often  accompanied  with  flashings  of 
light;  ;u)d  hence  Hippocrates  has  used  the  last 
two  words  for  epilepsy.  They  have  all  been 
applied  to  the  convulsions  of  children. 

K  C  LA  I  R  E,  Chehdoriium  majus — c.  Petite, 
Ranunculus  ficaria. 

ECLAMPSIA,  Convulsion:  also,  the  convul- 
sions of  children,  Eclamp' sia  infan'lum,  Epilep'- 
sia  acu'ta  infan'lum,  E.  febri'lis  infan'tum,  E 
lis,  ( P.)  Convulsions  des  Enfans,  Eclamp sie. 

Eclamp'sia  Gravida'rum  et  Parturiem'- 
tidm;  Convulsions  des  femmes  enceintes  et  en 
covcfte,  Puerperal  Convulsions.  Convulsions  of 
pregnant  and  parturient  women. 

Eclampsia  Infantum,  see  Eclampsia — e.  Ty- 
phodes,  R i phania 

ECLAMPS1E  DES  ENFJlJVS,  Eclampsia  in- 
fantum 

ECLECTIC,  (PHYSICIANS,)  Ecledtici 
Med'ici,  from  syjfytu,  'I  choose.'  A  sect  of  phy- 
sicians, who  professed  to  choose,  from  other 
sects,  all  the  opinions  which  appeared  to  them 
best  founded.  Agathinus  of  Sparta,  master  of 
A  re  hi  series  of  Apamsea,in  Syria,  was  its  reputed 
founder ;  and  Archigenes  and  Aretaeus  were  its 
greatest  ornaments 

Every  judicious  physician  must  be  aneclectic. 

ECLEC'TO  S,  Eclig'ma,  Elig'ma,  Elh'is, 
Lambiti'vum,  Linctus,Linctua'rium,  from  f  yj.k  /<•>, 
'I  lick.'  (F.)  hooch,  (q  v.)  A  medicine,  of  a 
thick,  syrupy  consistence,  chiefly  used  to  allay 
cough;  and  consisting  of  pectoral  remedies.  It 
ormerly  sucked  from  the  end  of  a  liquorice 
stick,  made  into  a  kind  of  pencil;  hence  its 
name  LinctUS,  from  /ingrre.'U)  lick.'  Although 
the  linclua  is  usually  exhibited  in  thoracic  af- 
fections, it  may  have  tonic  virtues  combined 
with  it. 

ECLEGMA  ALBUM,  Looch  album— e.Gum- 
raoso-oleosum,  Looch  album. 


ECLEIPISIS,  Exfoliation. 
ECLEPISIS,  Desquamation. 
ECLEPISITREPANON,  Exfoliative  trepan 
ECLIGMA,  Eclectos.  P 

ECLIM1A,  Boulimia. 
ECLIPSIS,  Syncope. 
£CLISSE,  Splint. 

EC'LYSIS,  Exsolu'tio,-  from  ex/.va>,  'I loosen.' 
Resolution,  prostration  of  strength;  faintness. 
Eclysis  Pneumo-Cardiaca,  Asphyxia. 
ECMYZESIS,  Exsuctio. 
ECNCEA,  Dementia. 
&COLE,  School. 

E  C  O  N '  O  M  Y,  (Econom'ia,  from  ««,*,  '  a 
house,'  'family,'  and  rtuu,  'I  rule.'  -By  the 
term  animal  economy  is  understood,  the  aggre- 
gate of  the  laws  which  govern  the  organism. 
The  word  economy  is,  also,  used  for  the3 aggre- 
gate of  parts  which  constitute  man  or  anirnals. 

ECORCE,  Cortex— <2.  Cariocostine,  Canella 
alba — 6.  de  Saint  Lucie,  Cinchonas  Caribsece  cor- 
tex— e.  de  Winter,  see  Wintera  aromatica—  e. 
Fausse  de  Winter,  Canella  alba. 

ACORCHVRES,  Chafino-,  Excoriation. 

tiCOULEMENT,  Discharge,  Gonorrhoea— 6. 
Blanc,  Lencorrhcea— e.  de  Sung  par  llntestin, 
Hsematochezia. 

ECOUVILLOJY,  see  Ecouvillonnement. 

ACOUYILLOJVNEMENT,  (F.)  from  Icou- 
villon,  'a  kind  of  mop,  the  sponge  of  a  gun.' 
A  term  used  by  the  French  therapeutists  for 
the  act  of  cleansing  or  applying  remedies  to  a 
part  by  means  of  a  mop  or  brush  fixed  to  the 
end  of  a  piece  of  whalebone.  Such  mop  or 
brush  is  termed  Erouvil/on. 

EC PHLOGOSIS,  Inflammation. 

ECPHLYSIS,  Vesicula— e.  Herpes,  Herpes 
— e.  Herpes  circinatus,  Herpes  circinatus — e. 
Herpes  exedens,  Herpes  exedens— e.  Herpes 
miliaris,  Herpes  phlyctamodes — e.  Herpes  zos- 
ter, Herpes  zoster— e.  Pompholyx,  Pompho- 
lyx — e.  Rhypia.  Rupia. 

ECPHRAUTIC,  Deobstruent. 

ECPHRAX'IS,  from  «^o«ot0i,  'I  remove 
obstruction.'  The  action  of  deobstruent  re- 
medies. 

ECPHRONIA,  Insanity— e.  Melancholia, 
Melancholy. 

ECPHYAS,  Appendix  vermiformis  ca;ci. 

ECPHYMA,  Excrescence,  Tumour— e.  Cal- 
lus, Callosity — e.  Caruncula,  Caruncle — e. 
Clavus,  Corn — e.  CEdematicum,  Phlegmatia 
dolcns— e.  Physconia,  Physconia — e.  Verruca, 
Verruca. 

ECPHYSE'SIS,  from  ixcpvrxw,  'I  breathe 
through.'  Exsuffia'tio.  A  quick  and  forced  ex- 
pulsion of  air  from  the  lungs. 

ECPHYSIS,  Apophysis— e.  Ventriculi,  Duo- 
denum. 

ECP1  ES'M A,  from  t*.TcitLw,  'I  compress.' 
Effractors,  Impaction,  Deces'sio.  A  fracture 
of  the  cranium,  with  depression  of  the  frag- 
ments and  compression  of  the  brain. 

ECPIES'MOS,  Expres'sio,  (q.  v.)  Ex'itus, 
Ecpies'mon,  same  etymon.  Celsus  uses  these 
woids  to  signify  the  forcing  of  the  eye  from 
the  orbitar  cavity,  with  apparent  but  not  real 
augmentation  of  the  oro-an.    See  Exophlhalmia. 

ECPLERO'MA,  from  s*,  and  sj-itgow,  '1 
fill,'  a  cushion,  a  pad.  Hippocrates  means,  by 
this   term,  a  small  pad  or  ball  of  leather  or 


ECPLEXIS 


2C8 


ECZEMA 


other  substance  intended  to  fill  the  hollow  of 
the  arm-pit;  u;»ed  probably  in  reducing  luxa- 
tions of  the  shoulder. 

ECPLEXIS,  Stupor. 

ECPNEUMATOSIS,  Expiration. 

ECPNEUSIS,  Expiration. 

ECPNOE,  Expiration. 

E  C  P  T  O '  M  A,  Ecpto'sis,  Exciden!  lia ,-  from 
txTTinra,  '  I  fall  out.'  This  word  has  been  used 
in  various  senses.  1.  Synonymously  with  lux- 
ation. 2.  For  the  separation  of  gangrenous 
parts.  3.  For  the  expulsion  of  the  secundines. 
4.  For  the  prolapsus  of  the  womb;  and  5.  For 
intestinal  or  omental  hernia,  &c. 

ECPTOSIS,  Luxation. 

ECPYCT1CA,  Incrassantia. 

ECPY  EM  A,  Abscess, Suppuration, Empyema. 

ECPYESIS,  Abscess,  Pustule,  Empyema— e. 
Impetigo,  Impetigo— e.  Porrigo,  Porrigo— e. 
Porrigo  Crustacea,  Porrigo  larvalis— e.  Porrigo 
favosa,  Porrigo  favosa— e.  Porrigo  furfuracea, 
Porrigo  furfurans— e.  Porrigo  galeata,  Porrigo 
scutulata— e.  Porrigo  lupinosa,  Porrigo  lupinosa 
— e.  Scabies,  Psora. 

ECPYETICUS,  Suppurative. 

ECPYISCONTUS,  Suppurative. 

&CREV1SSE,  Crab. 

ECREX'IS,  Rvptu'ra,  from  txQrjyrvni, '  to 
break.'     Rupture,  laceration. 

ECRH  YTH'MOS,  tx,  and  Qvdnoc, '  rhythm.' 
A  term  applied  to  the  pulse,  particularly  when 
irregular. — Galen. 

ECROE,  Discharge. 

itCROUELLES,  Scrofula—  e.  Mesenleriques, 
Tabes  mesenterica. 

EC'RYSIS,  from  ey.oso, '  I  run  from.'  A  dis- 
charge. 

ECSARCO'MA,  from  ex,  and  oaf>%,  'flesh.' 
A  fleshy  excrescence  of  various  kinds.  See 
Fungosity  and  Sarcoma. 

EC'STASIS,  from  e^iarafiai,  'I  am  beside 
myself.'  An  cc'stasy  or  trance,  Cams  ec'stasis, 
Cut'ochus.  Ex'tasis,  Calalep'sia  spu'ria,  Hyper- 
pkxie.  (F.)  Exlase.  A  state  in  which  certain 
ideas  so  completely  absorb  the  mind,  that  the 
external  sensations  are  suspended,  the  volun- 
tarv  movements  arrested,  and  even  the  vital 
action  retarded.  In  catalepsy,  there  is,  in  ad- 
dition, complete  suspension  of  the  intellectual 
faculties.  This  last  condition  is  in  general  de- 
scribed as  trance.     See,  also,  Luxation. 

ECTASIA,  Aneurism — e.  Venarum,  Varix. 

EC'TASIS, 'Extension,'  (q.  v.)  'Expansion.' 

Ec'tasis  I'ridis,  is  the  extension  or  expan- 
sion of  the  iris,  which  occasions  diminution  of 
the  pupil. 

ECTEXIS.  Colliquation. 

ECTHLIM'MA,  Exulcera'tio,  from  t»»Xi(iia, 
'I  express,' 'I  bruise.'  Attrition  (q.  v.)  Cha- 
fings  or  excoriations,  produced  by  external  vi- 
olence.—  Hippocrates. 

ECTHLIPSIS,  Expression. 

ECTHYMA,  from  ex&voi,  'I  break  out.' 
Ecpye'sis  ecthyma,  Phlysis  ecthyma,  Phlyza'cia 
a<?ria,  Scabies  Vera,  Furunculi  atonici,  (F.) 
Dartre  crustacee,  D.  fongueusc.  A  cutaneous 
eruption,  characterized  by  large  round  pustules 
always  distinct  and  seated  upon  an  indurated 
and  highly  inflamed  base.  In  the  course  of  a 
day  or  two  the  pustules  generally  break,  and 
olive- brown  incrustations  are  formed,  which  ad- 
here firmly  to  the  skin.  These  separate  in 
about  a  fortnight.     The  disease  requires  the 


antiphlogistic  treatment.  Under  the  Ectliymata, 
Vogel  has  designated  certain  hard,  unequal  tu- 
mours, which  appear  transitorily  on  the  skin. 
See  Efflorescence  and  Pustule. 

ECTHYSTEROCYESIS,  Pregnancy,  extra- 
uterine. 

ECTILLOTICUS,  Depilatory. 

ECTILMOS,  Evulsion. 

ECTOME,  Castration,  Entaille,  Excision. 

ECTOMIUS,  Castratus. 

ECTONION,  Helleborus  niger. 

ECTOP'IA,  Ectop'isis,  Eciopis'mus,  from  «*- 
ronog,  'out  of  place.'  Morbid  displacement  of 
parts.     See  Luxation. 

Ectopia  Ani,  Proctocele — e. Cordis,  Displace- 
ment of  the  heart — e.  Herniosa,  Hernia. 

ECTOPOCYS'TICUS,  from  txroncs,  'out  of 
place,'  and  xvOTig, '  bladder.'  A  disease  depend- 
ent upon  displacement  of  the  bladder. 

ECTOPROTIC,  Eccoprotic. 

ECTOZO'A,  Extozo'a,  Extozoa'ria,  (F.)  Ex. 
tozoaires.  Parasitic  animals  that  infest  the  ex- 
terior of  the  body, — as  lice. 

ECTRIM'M A,  from  exT^w,  '  I  rub  off.'  Ul- 
ceration of  the  skin;  and  particularly  that  which 
arises  from  the  pressure  of  the  bed  on  different 
parts  of  the  body,  after  a  protracted  confine- 
ment.— Hippocrates. 

ECTROMA,  Abortion. 

ECTRO'MELES;  from  ixTQwoig, '  abortion,' 
and  fitlog,  'a  limb.'  A  genus  of  monsters,  in 
which  the  limbs  are  nearly  or  altogether  de- 
ficient, as  in  the  ordinary  cetacea. — J.  G. St.  Hi- 
laire. 

EC'TROPE,  Diverticulum,  from  i*tqi nw, '  1 
turn  off','  '  divert.'  Any  duct  by  which  peccant 
or  morbific  matter  was  supposed  to  be  drawn 
off. — Hippocrates. 

ECTROPION,  same  etymon.  Ectropium, 
Evcr'sio  pal'pebra?.,  Btepharopto'sis  Ectropium, 
Blcpltaroto'sis,  Pul'pebra  infe'rior  exlrur'sum 
jlexa,  Divarica'tio,  (F.)  Erui/lement  des  Pau- 
pieres,  Renvcrscment  des  Paupieres.  Eversion 
of  the  eyelids,  so  that  they  do  not  completely 
cover  the  globe  of  the  eye.  It  happens  more 
commonly  to  the  lower  than  to  the  upper  eye- 
lid. It  may  be  owing  to  the  retraction  of  the 
skin,  after  the  cure  of  an  ulcer,  wound,  or  burn  \ 
of  the  eyelid;  or  it  may  depend  on  tumefaction 
or  relaxation  of  the  conjunctiva.  In  the  ma- 
jority of  cases,  removal  of  a  portion  of  the  con- 
junctiva will  operate  a  cure;  but  there  are 
many  which  defy  the  efforts  of  art.  The  an- 
cients called  Ectropion  of  the  upper  eyelid  la- 
gophlkalmia. 

ECTROSIS,  Abortion. 

ECTRQSMOS,  Abortion. 

ECTROT'IC,from  e*T!icui/a,(fK,and  Ttrnwaxut, 
'I  wound,')  'abortion.'  Ectrul'icus,  Abortive, 
(q.  v.)  An  epithet  applied  to  methods  for  pre- 
venting the  development  or  causing  the  abor- 
tion of  any  disease — as  of  chancres  by  the  use 
of  caustic;  small  pox  pustules,  by  the  use  of 
mercurial  ointment,  &c. 

ECTYLOTICUS,  Catheretic. 

ECUMEUX,  Frothy. 

ECZEMA,  from  txttw,  'I  boil  out,'  'I  effer- 
vesce.' Eczrs'ma,  Pus' tula  aniens,  Cytis'ma  ec'- 
zema.  Humid  Tetter,  Running  Sen II,  (F.)  Dartre 
squammeuse  humide,  D-  vive  gale  6pid6miqus, 
Heat  eruption.  An  eruption  of  small  vesicles 
on  various  parts  of  the  skin,  usually  set  close 
or  crowded  together;  with  little  or  no  inflam- 


ECZEMA  MERCURIALS 


2G9 


EGG-PLANT 


rnation  around  their  bases,  and  unattended  by 
fever. 

Ec'zema  Mercuhia'le,  Ec'zema  rubrum, 
Erythe'ma  mercuria'le,  Hydrargyria,  Hydrar- 
gyro'sis,  Hydrargyri'asis,  Morbus  mercuria.'lis, 
Mercu'rial,  lepra.  A  variety  of  eczema,  arising 
from  the  irritation  of  mercury.  The  treatment 
is  chiefly  palliative,  consisting  in  ablution  with 
mucilaginous  infusions  or  decoctions;  mild 
dressings,  where  the  cuticle  has  exfoliated; 
avoiding  all  irritation;  keeping  the  bowels 
open  ;  with  the  use  of  the  sulphuric  acid  and 
cinchona.  The  Ec'zema  Impetigino'dcs,  Gall 
or  Grocer's  Itch,  is  produced  by  the  irritation  of 
sugar. 

Eczema  of  the  Face,  at  an  advanced  stage, 
and  occurring  in  young  children,  has  been  de- 
scribed under  the  names  Crusta  laclea  and  Por- 
rigo  larvalis  (q.  v.) 

Eczema  or  the  Hairy  Scalp  is  often  con- 
founded with  other  aiFections  under  the  names 
of  Porrigo  and  Tinea,  which  are  pustular,  not 
vesicular  in  their  form.  It  occurs  during 
dentition,  and  even  afterwards,  and  the  dis- 
charge is  so  profuse,  that  the  head  appears  as  if 
dipped  in  some  glutinous  liquid.  By  and  by, 
the  secretion  dries  into  crusts  and  mats  the  hair 
into  little  separate  tufta.  The  scalp  gives  evi- 
dence of  inflammatory  excitement,  and  the 
lymphatic  ganglions  of  the  neck  are  apt  to  be- 
come inflamed  and  suppurate. 

A  variety  of  humid  scalled  head,  in  which 
the  humour  from  the  excoriated  surface  runs 
down  upon  the  hairs,  and  encloses  them  in  lit- 
tle silvery  pellicles  or  sheaths,  has  received  the 
name  of  Asbestos  Seal/, 

Eczema  Rubrum,  Eczema  mercuriale. 

ECZESIS,  Effervescens. 

ECZESMA,  Eczema,  Lichen  tropicus. 

EDENTATUS,  Edentulus. 

E'DEjVTA,  Edentulus. 

EDEMTULUS,  Edcnta'tus,  from  e,  and  dens, 
dentis,  'a  tooth.'  Jino'dos,  Carens  den'tibus, 
(F.)  Edente'.  One  without  teeth.  This  defect 
can  onlv  be  remedied  by  artificial  means. 

EDERA,  Hedera  helix. 

E U U LCORATION,  Glycan'sis,  Edulcorctftio, 
from  cdulcorare,  (dulcis,  'sweet,)  'to  sweeten,' 
'to  render  mild.'  An  operation,  the  object  of 
which  is  to  deprive  a  substance  of  its  acrid  and 
disagreeable  taste,  or  at  least  to  disguise  it. 
Also,  the  addition  of  a  saccharine  substance  to 
a  medicine,  whose  taste  it  is  desirable  to  modify 
agreeably. 

EDULE,  Comestible. 

EDULIS,  Comestible. 

EF'FERENT,  Ef'ferens,  from  effero,  (e,  and 
ferro,)  >  I  carry,' '  transport.'  Vasa  effcrcn'tia  are 
those  lymphatics,  which  issue  from  the  lym- 
phatic glands  to  convey  their  lymph  to  the  tho- 
racic duct;  so  called  to  distinguish  them  from 
those  which  pass  to  those  glands,  and  which 
have  been  termed  vasa  offer  en' tia.  Also,  nerves 
that  convey  the  nervous  influence  from  the 
nervous  centres  to  the  circumference.  /See 
Afferent. 

EFFERVES'CENCE,  Effervescent tia,  Zesis, 
Ec'zesis,  from  effervescere,  («,  and  fervesctre.') 
'to  grow  hot.'  That  agitation,  which  is  pro- 
duced by  the  escape  ot  gas  through  a  liquid, 
independently  of  the  heafof  the  mixture;  such 
as,  e.  g.  results  from  the  mixture  of  acetic  acid 
and  carbonate  of  potassa. 


In  Pathology  it  has  a  similar  signification.  It 
expresses,  in  the  language  of  the  humorists,  a 
sort  of  ebullition  in  the  fluids  of  the  living 
body,  produced  either  by  elevation  of  tempera- 
ture or  by  the  reaction  on  each  other  of  the 
principles  contained  in  the  fluids  in  circulation. 

EFFETUS,  Impoverished. 

EFFICA'CIOUS,  Ef'ficax,  from  efficere,  («, 
and  facere,)  'to  accomplish.'  That  which  pro- 
duces a  great  effect,  as  an  efficacious  remedy. 

Medici'na  efficax,  La  mddecine  efficace,  is  a  term 
sometimes  applied  to  surgery. 

EFFILA,  Ephelides. 

EFFLORATIO,  Exanthem. 

EFFLORES'CENCE,Effl,ora'lio,Efflorescen'- 
tia,  from  efflorescere,  (e,  and  ftorescere,)  '  to  blow 
as  a  flower.'  Stribili'go,  Ecthyma.  The  con- 
version of  a  solid  substance  into  a  pulverulent 
state  by  exposure  to  the  air.  In  salts  this  is 
generally  owing  to  the  loss  of  a  part  of  their 
water  of  crystallization. 

In  Pathology,  efflorescence  has  the  same 
meaning  as  exanthema;  and,  in  the  nosology 
of  Sauvages,  the  name  is  given  to  that  order  of 
diseases.  Sometimes,  it  is  confined  to  the  cu- 
taneous blush,  the  cxunihe' sis  of  Good. 

EFFLORESCENTIA,  Exanthem. 

EFFLORESCENT^,  Mevures. 

EFFLUVIUM,  Emanation — e.  Latrinarium, 
Mitte — e.  Palustre,  Miasm,  Marsh. 

EFFORT,  (e,  and  fort  is,  'strong.')  JYisus, 
Conotus,  Peira.  A  muscular  contraction  of 
greater  or  less  strength,  the  object  of  which  is, 
either  to  resist  an  external  force,  or  to  accom- 
plish a  function,  which  has  become  naturally 
laborious: — such  are,  the  act  of  pushing  away, 
or  of  drawing  a  body  toward  us,  and  the  more 
or  less  painful  efforts  used  by  the  mother  to 
cause  the  expulsion  of  the  foetus.  In  France, 
the  word  effo?-t  is  often  used  synonymously 
with  hernia;  and  signifies  likewise,  the  painful 
twitches  of  muscles,  occasioned  by  over-exer- 
tion, or  by  the  rupture  of  some  of  their  fleshy 
fibres.  Sauvages  calls  Efforts  des  reins,  Lum- 
bago a  nisu,  the  pain  in  the  loins  occasioned 
by  bearing  too  heavy  a  burden. 
'  EFFORT,  Hernia— e.  des  Reins,  see  Effort. 

EFFOSSIO,  Exhumation. 

EFFRACTURA,  Ecpiesma. 

Effracti/ra  Cnxmi,£nthla'sis  Cra'nii.  Frac- 
ture of  the  cranium,  with  depression. — Pare. 

EFFUSION,  Effu'sio,  Ec' chysis,fvom  effundere, 
(e,  and  fundere,)  '  to  pour  out.'  (F.)  Epanche- 
ment,  (Infiltration  is  the  term  generally  em- 
ployed for  effusion  into  the  cellular  membrane.) 
The  pouring  out  of  blood  or  of  any  other  fluid 
into  the  cellular  membrane,  or  into  the  cavities 
of  the  body.  The  effusion  of  serum  or  of  coagu- 
luble  lymph,  e.  g.  is  a  common  result  of  inflam- 
mation of  serous  membranes. 

£GJ\R£,  Wild. 

&GAREMENT  D' ESPRIT,  Delirium,  In- 
sanity. 

EGER,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF  THE.  In 
the  valley  of  the  Eger,  at  the  western  extremity 
of  Bohemia,  there  are  several  acidulous  springs. 
One  of  the  most  frequented  of  these,  is  Fran- 
zensbad,  (q.  v.) 

EGESTAS,  Want. 

EGESTIO,  Dejection,  Excretion. 

EGG-PLANT,  Solanum  melongena  — e. 
White  of,  Albumen  ovi. 


EGLANTIER  DE  CHIEN 


270 


ELCOSIS 


EGLANTIER  DE  CHIEN,  Rosa  canina— e. 
Sauvagc,  Rosa  canina. 

EGOBROXCHOPHONY,  see  Euphony. 

EGOPH'ONY,  Mgoplw'nia,  from  «»?,  '  a  goat,' 
and  <ptoiij, '  voice.'  Caprilo'quivm,  Goal's  Voice, 
Bleating  Vmce,  (F.)  Fw'x  chevrotante,  VUgopho- 
nioue,  V.  de  Polichinetle,  V.  senile,  Pectoriloquie 
checrotante.  Laennec  has  designated  by  this 
name,  the  kind  of  resonance  of  the  voice  through 
the  stethoscope,  when  we  examine  the  chest  of 
one  labouring  under  moderate  effusion  into  one 
of  the  pleura;.  The  voice,  which  strikes  the 
ear  thiough  the  cylinder,  is  more  sharp  and 
harsh  than  usual,  and  tremulous  and  broken 
like  that  of  the  goat.  The  patient  himself  is 
called  Egophone.  Bouillaud  affirms  that  the 
"bronchial  and  bleating  voice,"  (Jbgobroncho- 
phonie)  is  the  principal  symptom  of  pleuropneu- 
monia. 

EGREGOR'SIS*  from  tyo*yoo*m>  'I  watch,' 
Vigil'ia.  A  watchfulness.  A  morbid  want  of 
sleep. — Galen. 

EGRESSUS  VENTRICULI,  Pylorus. 

E1DOS,  nSog,  'form,  resemblance.'  The  si, 
is  often  changed  into  u>,  at  the  termination  of  a 
word.     Thus,  Hsemato'i'des  or  Hxmatodes. 

EILAM1DES,  Meninges. 

EILE'MA,  from  eiXsog,  it'eus,  (eiXtto,  'I  roll,') 
'  a  convolution.'  Vogel  has  given  this  name  to 
a  fixed  pain,  occupying  some  portion  of  the  in- 
testinal canal,  which  the  patient  compares  to 
the  sensation  that  would  be  produced  by  a  nail 
driven  into  the  part. 

EILEON,Ileon. 

EILKUS,  Ileus. 

EILOID,  {Tumour,)  Eilo'ides,  from  tiXtw,  'I 
roll,'  and  tidog, '  resemblance.'  A  morbid  growth 
of  the  cutis,  coiled  or  folded. 

EiSANTHE'MA,  Exanthe'ma  inter' num., 
from  fij,  'within,'  and  ttv&r^a,  'efflorescence.' 
An  eruption  on  a  mucous  membrane; — aphtha?, 
for  example. 

EISBOLE,  Attack,  Injection. 

EISPNOE,  Inspiration. 

EJACULATION,  from  e,  and jaculare,— itself 
from  jacere,  'to  throw.'  Gonobolia,  Gonobolia'- 
mus,  Ejaculutio  Semi'nis,  Ezpatru'tio,  Vatrdtio 
The  emission  of  sperm.  The  act,  by  which  that 
fluid  is  darted  out  through  the  urethra. 

EJACULATOR.  Same  etymon.  That 
which  effects  the  emission  of  sperm.  See 
Transversus  perinaei. 

Ejaculator  Skmikis,  Accelerator  urinoe. 

Ei  AC'XJhATORY  ,Ejaculato'rius,Ejac'uluns: 
same  etymon.  Concerned  in  the  ejaculation  of 
sperm. 

Ejaculatory  Ducts  or  Canals,  (F.)  Con- 
duits ou  Canaux  ejaeulateurs,  are  formed  by 
the  union  of  the  vasa  deferentia  with  the  ducts 
of  the  vesiculre  seminales.  They  open  at  the 
literal  and  anterior  parts  of  the  verumontanum, 
and  convey  into  the  urethra  the  sperm  which 
is  discharged  from  the  vesiculse,  as  well  as  that 
which  comes  directly  from  the  testicle  by  the 
vas  deferens. 

EJECTIO,  Excretion— e.  Fsecum,  Defeca- 
tion. 

EJECTION,  Ejec'tio;  from  ejicere.  (e  and  ja- 
are,)  'to  throw  out  or  eject.'  The  excretion  of 
the  tiEces,  urine,  sputa,  Ac. 

ELNISPEKO.  Achras  sapota. 

ELABORATION,  Elabura' tio ;  from  c,  and 
laborurc,    'to    work.'      This  word  is  used,  by 


physiologists,  to  signify  the  various  changes 
which  substances  susceptible  of  assimilation 
undergo,  through  the  action  of  living  organs, 
before  they  are  capable  of  serving  lor  nutrition. 
The  food  is  said  to  be  elaborated  in  lite  stomach 
during  the  formation  of  chyme;  the  chyme  is 
elaborated  in  the  small  intestine  before  it  is 
chyle,  &c. 

ELJE,  Olea  Europsea. 

EL^EAGJNUS,  Myrica  gale— e.  Cordo,  My- 
rica  gale. 

EL.EOCARPUS  COPALIFERA,  Copal. 

ELiEOM'ELI,  from  tXatov,  'oil,'  and  ut'/.i, 
'honey.'  Dioscor'fdes  means,  by  this,  an  oil 
thicker  than  honey,  and  of  a  sweet  taste,  which 
flows  from  the  trunk  of  a  tree  in  Syria.  It  is 
acrid  and  purgative;  and  sometimes  occasions 
serious  symptoms,  according  to  that  author. — 
Gorraus, 

EL.EON,  Oil. 

ELJSOPH'ANES,  from  slater,  'oil,'  and 
ipaiyopat, '  1  appear.'  That  which  has  the  ap- 
pearance of  oil;  as  Uri'na  ekeoph'anes. 

ELiE'O-SAC'CHARUM,  from  tXaiov,  'oil,' 
and  aax/ae,  'sugar.'  O'Uo-Sac'ckarum,  Balsa- 
mo- Sue' char um.  A  medicine,  composed  of  es- 
sentia! oil  and  sugar.  It  was  made  by  pouring 
upon  an  ounce  of  sugar,  reduced  to  an  impal- 
pable powder,  ^ss  or  5J  of  an  essential  oil;  the 
mixture  being  triturated  until  the  two  sub- 
stances were  perfectly  united. — Rolfink. 

ELAIN,  see  Pinguedo. 

ELAIS  GUINEENS1S,  see  Cocos  butyracea 
— e.  Occidentalis,  see  Cocos  butyracea. 

ELAN,  Cervus  alces. 

liLANCEMENT.  see  Lancinating. 

ELAPHOBOSCUM,  Pastinaca  sativa. 

ELAPHRIUM  TOMENTOSUM,  Fagara  oc- 
tandra. 

ELAPSUS,  Luxation. 

ELAS'AIA,  from  tXavrw,  'I  drive  up.'  A 
Clyster  pipe. — Linden. 

ELASTES,  Elasticity. 

ELASTICITY ,  Elastic" Has,  Water,  Elas'les, 
EL'ates,  Vis  elastica,  Tone,  Tonic"ity,  Contracti- 
litede  Tissu,  Contractililc  pur  defaut  d' extension, 
from  tXuvtv),  '1  impel.'  The  property  by  which 
certain  bodies  return  to  their  proper  size  and 
shape  where  these  have  been  modified  by  pres- 
sure or  otherwise.  It  is  possessed  by  the  dead 
as  well  as  living  solid. 

ELATE,  Pinus  picea— e.  Theleia,  Pinus 
rubra. 

ELATER,  Elasticity. 

ELATEfllNE,  see  Momordica  elaterium. 

ELATERIUM,  Exlractum  elaterii,  Momor- 
dica elaterium. 

ELATES,  Elasticity. 

ELATIN.  see  Momordica  elaterium. 

ELATINE,  Anlirhinum  elatine. 

ELBOW,  Sax  elboxa,  from  ell,  and  bow;  the 
bend  of  the  ulna,  Cubitus,  Ancon,  Pechys,  Ulna, 
(q.  v.)  (F.)  Coude.  This  word,  abstractedly, 
means  the  angle  formed  by  the  union  of  two 
straight  bodies.  It  is  particularly  applied  to 
the  articulation  of  the  arm  with  the  forearm, 
and  especially  to  the  projection  formed  by  the 
olecranon  process  at  the  posterior  part  of  the 
joint. 

Elbow.  Misers',  see  Miners'  Elbow. 

ELCOMA,  Ulcer. 

ELCO'SIS  or  HELCO'SIS,  Eleo'ma  or  Hel- 
co'ma,  from  'tXvg,  'an  ulcer.'     Ulceration  in 


ELCUSTER 


271     ELEPHANTIASIS  OF  THE  GREEKS 


general.  An  ulcer,  (q.  v.)  A  deep  ulceration 
of*  the  cornea,  in  consequence  of  a  blow  or  of 
violent  inflammation. —  Galen,  Pare. 

Sauvages  applies  the  term  to  a  state  of  the 
body,  in  which  there  arc  numerous  ulcerations, 
of  an  obstinate  character,  complicated  with 
caries,  putrescency,  low  fever,  &c. 

ELCUSTER,  Embry ulcus. 

ELDER,  Sambucus — e.  Common,  Sambucus 
Canadensis— e.  Dwarf,  Aralia  hispida,  Sambu- 
cus ebulus — e.  Prickly,  Aralia  spinosa. 

ELECAMPANE,  Inula  helenium. 

ELECTARIUM  e  CASSIA,  Confectio  cas- 
sias. 

ELECTRICITAS  ANIMALIS,  Galvanism— 
e.  Galvanica,  Galvanism — e.  Metallica,  Gal- 
vanism. 

ELECTRICITY,  Electric" Has,  from  rjXix- 
tqov,  '  amber,' — the  substance  in  which  it  was 
first  noticed.  Electricity  is  used  medicinally 
as  an  excitant.  It  has  been  occasionally  em- 
ployed with  success  in  paralysis,  rheumatism, 
accidental  deafness,  amaurosis,  amenorrhcea, 
&c,  but  it  is  uncertain,  and  not  much  used; 
and  the  cases  are  by  no  means  clear  in  which 
it  could  be  of*  service.  It  may  be  communi- 
cated by  means  of  the  electric  bath — Bain  elec- 
triquc,  as  it  has  been  called;  which  consists  in 
placing  the  patient  upon  an  isolated  stool,  and 
connecting-  him  with  the  prime  conductor,  of 
which  he  thus  becomes  a  part.  The  fluid  may 
be  communicated  by  points,  sparks,  or  by 
shocks,  according  to  the  lequired  intensity. 

ELECTRICITY,  MAGNETIC,  Electro- 
Magnetism — e.  Voltaic,  Galvanism. 

TO  ELECTRIFY,  from  electric,  and  fio,'l 
make.'  (F.)  Elcctriser.  To  produce  the  elec- 
trical condition  in  a  body,  or  to  render  it  sus- 
ceptible of  producing  electrical  phenomena.  It 
is  often  used  to  signify  the  act  of  communi- 
cating the  electric  fluid  to  man. 

&LECTRISER,  to  electrify. 

ELECTRO'DES,  from  qAcx-rgBv,  'amber,'  and 
nSoq, '  resemblance.'  Anepithetforevacuations, 
which  shine  like  amber. —  Hippocr. — Foesius. 

ELEC'TRO-MAG'NETISM,  Magnetic  elec- 
tric" it  y.  An  electro-magnetic  apparatus  is  occa- 
sionally used  in  cases  of  paralysis.  A  conve- 
nient form  consists  of  a  battery  of  six  curved 
permanent  magnets,  and  an  intensity  armature, 
around  whose  cylinders  1500  yards  of  fine  in- 
sulated copper  wire  are  coiled.  The  ends  of 
the  wire  communicate  respectively,  with  a  pair 
of  directors,  each  of  which  holds  a  piece  of 
sponge,  dipped  in  vinegar  or  a  solution  of  com- 
mon salt.  When  the  armature  is  rotated,  and 
a  portion  of  the  body  is  interposed  between  the 
directors,  a  succession  of  shocks  is  received. 
_  ELECTROPIJNCTURE,  Electro punctur a' - 
tion,  Gul  vanopuncture.  The  operation  of  in- 
serting  two  or  more  wires,  and  then  connect- 
in  g  them  to  the  poles  of  the  Galvanic  apparatus. 
ELECTRUM,  Succinum. 
ELECTUAIRE  DENTIFRICE,  Dentifrice. 
ELECTUA'RIUiVI,  Electa'rium,-  an  Electua- 
ry,  from  eligere,  'to  make  choice.'  (F  )  Elcc- 
tuaire.  A  pharmaceutical  composition  of  a  soft 
consistence,  somewhat  thicker  than  honey,  and 
formed  of  powdeis,  pulps,  extracts,  syrup, 
iioney,  &c.  In  the  London  and  American 
Pharmacopeias,  electuaries  are  called  Confec- 
tions, which  see. 

Electuarium  de  Aloe,  Opiatum  mesente- 


ricum — e.  Aperiens,  Confectio  serins: — e.  Aro- 
ma ticu  in,  Confectio  aromatica — e.  Cassiae,  Con- 
fectio cassias — e.  Cassia;  fistula?,  Confectio  cas- 
sias— e.  Cassias  sennas,  Confectio  sennas — e. 
Cassias  tamarindatum  seu  lenitivum,  Confec- 
tio cassias — e.  Catholicum  commune.  Confec- 
tio sennas — e.  Cinchonas,  Opiatum  febrifugum 
— e.  de  Croco  emendatum,  Confectio  hyacin- 
thi — e.  Diaprunum,  Confectio  sennas — e.  Ec- 
coproticum,  Confectio  sennas — e.  de  Kina  kind, 
Opium  febrifugum — e.  Laxativum,  Confectio 
cassias — e.  Lenitivum,  Confectio  sennas — e. 
Opiatum,  Confectio  opii — e.  Scammonii,  Con- 
fectio scammonias — e.  e.  Scammonio,  Confec- 
tio scammonias — e.  Sennas,  Confectio  sennas — 
e.  Sennas  composilum,  Confectio  sennas — e. 
Sennas  cum  pulpis,  Confectio  sennas — e.  The- 
baicum,  Confectio  opii. 

ELE'EJVCEPHALE,  from  elmov,  'oil,'  and 
tyztqja^or.  '  encephalon.'  A  fatty  matter  found 
by  Couerbe  in  the  encephalic  neurine. 
ELELISPHACOS,  Salvia. 
EL'EMENT,  Elemeritum,  from  ancient  eleo 
for  oleo,  'to  grow,'  (?)  Princiji'ium,  P.  primiti'- 
vum,  Stochci'on  A  simple,  ultimate  constituent 
or  principle  in  the  human  body,  which  forms 
the  basis  of  a  fibre  or  tissue.  Also,  a  constitu- 
ent of  a  compound  organ.  The  inorganic  ele- 
ments are  simple  principles.  An  organic  ele- 
ment, proximate  principle  or  compound  of  orga- 
nization, results  from  the  union  of  certain  inor- 
ganic elements.  Oxygen,  hydrogen,  carbon, 
and  azote,  are  inorganic  elements;  fibrin,  albu- 
men, osmazome,  &c,  organic  elements. 

Elements,  Organic,  Principles,  immediate. 
ELEMENTUM  AC1DIF1CUM,  Oxygen. 
ELEMI,  Amyriselemil'era. 
ELEOSELLNUM,  Apium  petroselinum. 
ELEPHANTPASIS,    Elephanti'a,    Elephan- 
tius'mus,  El'ephas,  Laz'ari  morbus  vel   malum, 
Phccnic"eus  morbus,  Pkymato' sis  Elephantiasis, 
from  iktQac,  'an  elephant.'      Various  affections 
have  been  described  under  this  name,  by  add- 
ing an  epithet.    It  is  ordinarily  and  genei  ically 
applied  to  a.  condition,   in   which  tlie  skin  is 
thick,  livid,  rugous,  tuberculate,  and  insensible 
to  feeling. 

Elephantiasis  Arab'ica,  Maladie  glandu- 
laire,  Ladrerie,  Tyriasis,  TvQue-tg,  El'ephas,  Ele- 
phantiasis, E.  In'dica,  Elcphanlia  Ar'abum, 
Lepra  Arubvrn,  (of  some.)  In  this  the  tuber- 
cles are  chiefly  on  the  face  and  joints.  There 
is  loss  of  hair,  except  on  the  scalp;  voice, 
hoarse  and  nasal;  and  the  disease  is  said  to  be 
contagious  and  hereditary.  It  most  frequently 
attacks  the  feet;  and  gives  the  lower  extremi- 
ty a  fancied  resemblance  to  the  leg  of  the  ele- 
phant, whence  its  name.  The  seat  of  the  dis- 
ease seems  to  be  in  the  lymphatic  vessels  and 
glands,  and  in  the  subcutaneous  cellular  tissue : 
the  inflammatory  condition  of  which  is  accom- 
panied with  general  morbid  symptoms.  Medi- 
cine has  little  or  no  effect  on  this  loathsome 
complaint.     See  Lepra. 

Elephantiasis  of  Cavenne,  Mai  rouge  de 
Cayenne,  seems  to  be  a  variety  of  Lepra,  cha- 
racterized by  red  and  yellow  spots,  occupying 
the  forehead,  ears,  hands,  loins,  &c  .afterwards 
extending  and  becoming  scaly,  with  deformity 
of  the  part3  where  they  are  seated,  particularly 
of  the  face;  and  ultimately  producing  cracks, 
ulcers,  caries,  and  sometimes  death. 
Elephantiasis  of  the  Greeks,  E.  Crxco'- 


ELEPHANTIASIS  OF  INDIA 


ELIXIR,  ANTIASTHMATIC 


is  probably  the  same  disease  as  Lepra, 
which  see. 

Elephantiasis  of  India  is  characterized  by 
red,  livid, or  yellowish  spots, slightly  prominent, 
to  which  succeed  indolent  tumours,  formed  in 
the  cellular  texture.  At  a  more  advanced  pe- 
riod the  phalanges  swell,  and  become  ulcerated  ; 
the  bones  of  the  nose  carious,  the  lips  thickened, 
and  emaciation  gradually  carries  off  the  patient. 
It  belongs,  likewise,  to  lepra. 

Elephantiasis  Italica,  Pellagra. 

Elephantiasis  or  Java  is  likewise  a  variety 
of  lepra,  characterized  by  large,  white  tumours 
on  the  toes  and  fingers,  resembling  scrofulous 
tumefactions.  These  tumours  ulcerate,  and 
the  ulcerations  spread  from  the  extremities  to- 
wards the  trunk,  destroying  even  the'  bones. 
Amputation  can  alone  arrest  its  progress.  The 
disease  is  often  accompanied  by  alopecia,  and 
by  an  eruption  of  red  spots. 

Elephantiasis  of  the  Antilles, Barba'does 
Leg,  Glandular  disease  of  Barbadaes,  Jambcs  da 
Barbadr,  is  the  Elephantiasis  of  many  writers, 
Bucnemia.  It  is  characterized  by  the  leg  being 
enormously  tumid  and  misshapen:  skin  thick- 
ened, livid,  and  rugose;  often  scaly:  scrotum, 
arms,  or  other  parts  sometimes  participating  in 
the  affection.  The  Bucnemia  Tropica,  or  Cuckin 
leg,  is  an  affection  of  this  kind. 

ELEPHANT'INUM  EMPLAS'TRUM,  iXi- 
iparrnov.  An  ancient  plaster,  composed  of  30 
parts  of  ceruss,  45  of  wax,  oil  Ibss,  icater  ffij. — 
Castelli.  Oribasius  and  Celsus  both  mention  a 
plaster  of  this  name,  but  by  no  means  similar 
in  composition. 

ELEPHANTOPUS,  (F.)  EMphantope ,■  from 
ilt<pac,  'elephant,'  and  7rovg,  'foot.'  One  af- 
fected with  elephantiasis. 

ELKPHAS.  Elephantiasis,  Ivory. 

ELETTARIA  CARDAMOMUM,  Amomum 
cardamomum. 

ELEUTERIA,  Croton  cascarilla. 

liLEVATEVR,  Elevator — e.  Common  de  I'aile 
du  ncz  et  de  la  levre  superieure,  Levator  labii 
superioris  aleeque  nasi — e.  de  I'CEil,  Rectus  su- 
perior oculi — e.  de  la  Faupiere  superieure,  Le- 
vator palpebral  superioris. 

ELEVA'TOR,  from  elcvare,  (e,  and  levarr,) 
'to  .lift  up.'  (F.)  ElevateuT.  A  muscle,  whose 
function  it  is  to  raise  the  part  into  which  it  is 
inserted.     See  Levator. 

Elevator  Ani,  Levator  ani — e.  Labii  infe- 
riors, Levator  labii  inferioris — e.  Labii  supe- 
rioris proprius,  Levator  labii  superioris  proprius 
— e.  Labiornm  communis,  Levator  aniruli  oris 
—  e.  Oculi,  Rectus  superior  oculi — e.  Patient  ise, 
Levator  scapulae — e.  Scapulae,  Levator  Scapula?. 
— e.  Testiculi,  Cremaster — e.  Urethra,  see 
Transversus  perinai. 

Eleva'toh,  Elerato'rium,  Vectis  eler-ato'rius. 
A  name  given  to  different  surgical  instruments, 
employed  for  raising  portions  of  bone,  which 
have  been  depressed,  or  for  raising  and  detach- 
ing the  portion  of  bone  separated  by  the  crown 
of  the  trepan. 

Elevator,  Common.  This  is  a  mere  lever; 
tlie  end  of  which  is  somewhat  bent  and  made 
rough,  in  order  ibat  it  may  less  readily  slip 
away  from  the  portion  of  bone  which  is  to  be 
raised.  The  instrument  is  used,  by  forming  a 
fulcrum  for  it,  either  on  the  hand  which  holds 
it,  or  upon  the  fingers  of  the  other  hand;  or  by 


making  a  fixed  point  for  it  on  the  edge  of  the 
opening  made  with  the  trephine. 

Elevator  of  Louis  dillered  from  the  last 
only  in  the  circumstance  of  the  screw-po;r  be- 
ing united  to  the  bridge  by  a  kind  of  pivot  in- 
stead of  hinge,  so  that  greater  extent  of  motion 
was  permitted. 

Elevator  of  Petit  consists  of  a  lever  mount- 
ed on  a  handle,  and  straight  throughout  its 
whole  length,  except  at  its  very  end,  which  is 
slightly  curved,  in  order  that  it  may  be  more 
conveniently  put  under  the  portion  of  bone,  in- 
tended to  be  elevated.  The  lever  is  pierced  at 
various  distances  from  its  but-end  with  several 
holes,  intended  for  the  reception  of  a  movable 
screw-peg,  fixed  on  the  top  of  a  kind  of  bridge. 
This  part  of  the  instrument  consists  of  an  arch, 
the  ends  of  which  are  long,  and  covered  with 
small  pads,  and  on  its  centre  is  the  screw-peg 
already  mentioned.  By  means  of  these  holes 
the  arm  of  the  lever  can  be  lengthened  at  plea- 
sure. 

Elevator, Triploid,  Vectis  triplol'des.  This 
was  so  called  from  its  consisting  of  three 
branches,  uniting  above  in  one  common  trunk. 
The  latter  part  was  traversed  by  a  long  screw, 
having  below  a  kind  of  hook,  and  above  a  han- 
dle for  turning  it.  By  turning  the  screw,  the 
hook  was  drawn  up,  and  the  bone  thus  elevated. 
The  simple  lever  is  the  only  one  now  used, 
owing  to  the  want  of  facility  and  advantages  in 
the  use  of  the  others. 

ELEYli  INTERNE,  House  surgeon. 
ELEVURES,  (F.)  Efflorescentise.     A  generic 
name,  including  all  the  exanthemata,  in  which 
there  is  tumefaction  of  the  tissue  of  the  skin. 
See  Exanthem. 
ELIASTER,  Ilech. 

EL1CHRYSU  M,  Solidago  virgaurea— e. 
Montanum,  Antennaria  dioica. 
ELICOIDES,  Capreolaris. 
ELIGMA,Eelectos. 
EL1QUATIO.  Colliquation. 
ELIXA'TIO,  Epsefsis,  from  elix'us, '  boiled,' 
'sodden.'     This  word  has  been    used  synony- 
mously with  Decoction.     The  act  of  boiling. 

ELIX'IR,  Mr,  Ixir,  Qutlles,  jlbx'ir.  The 
etymology  of  this  word  is  not  clear.  Lemery 
derives  it  from  tXyxo,  'I  extract;'  and  also  from 
uP.fi'ui,  'I  aid.'  Others  believe  it  to  be  from 
Arabic,  al-ccsir,  or  al-elisir,  '  chymistry.'  An 
elixir  is  a  medicine,  composed  of  various  sub- 
stances held  in  solution  in  alcohol.  The  name 
has  been  used,  however,  for  preparations,  which 
contain  no  spirit  of  wine. 

Ei. ixir  Ac"idum  Hallerf,  sen  Dippe'lii, 
Elixir  Antipodug'rinim,  E.  Antinephret'icum, 
E.  Sulphu' 'rico-ac" 'idum,  Gutlx  ac"idas  ton'icx, 
Aqua  Rabe'lii,  Liquor  ac"idus  Halleri,  Mislu'ra 
sulphu'  rico-ac"  ida,  JElher  sulphu! rieus  ac"idus, 
.4c"  idum  sulphu' ri cum  alcoolisa'tum,  A.  vitriol'- 
icum  vino' sum,  Alcohol  Snlphurica'lum,  A.  Sul- 
phu'ricum,  is  a  mixture  of  concentrated  sulphu- 
ric acid  and  alcohol: — in  the  Euu  de  RabelU,o( 
one  part  of  the  former  to  three  of  the  latter.  It 
is  employed  as  an  astringent  in  hemorrhages,&c. 
Elixir  Aloes,  Tinctura  aloes  composita— e. 
Anihelminticum  Suecorum,  Tinctura  jalapii 
composita. 

Elixir,  Anti  Asthmat'ic,  of  Boerhaavb. 
This  elixir  is  composed  of  alcohol,  aniseed, 
camphor,  orris,  asarubacca  root,  calamus  aroma- 


ELIXIR  ANTIHYPOCHONDRIACUM    273 


EMACIATION 


ticus,  liquorice,  and  elecampane.     It  is  given  in 
asthma,  in  the  dose  of  20  or  30  drops. 

Elixir  Antihvpochondhiacum,  Tinctura 
cinchonas  amara — e.  Antinephreticum,  E.  aci- 
dum Halleri — e.  Antipodagricum,  E.  acidum 
Halleri— e.  Aperitivum,  Tinctura  aloes  com- 
posita. 

Elixir,  Antiscrof'ulous  of  Pevrilhe;  com- 
posed of  weak  alcohol,  subcarbonate  of  potassa, 
and  gentian  root.     It  is  administered  in  scrofula. 

Elixir  Carminative,  of  Sylvius,  Tinctura 
carminative  Sylvii — e.  Daffy's,  Tinctura  sennas 
comp. — e.  Danorum,  E.  pectorale  regis  Danice — 
e.  Fcctidum,  Tinctura  castorei  composita — e.  of 
Garus, Tinctura  de  croco  composita — e.  Guaiaci 
volatilis,  Tinctura  Guaiaci  ammoniata— e.  Ja- 
lappas  compositum,  Tinctura  jalapii  composita 
— e.  of  Long  Life,  Tinctura  aloes  composita — 
e.  de  Longue  vie,  Tinctura  aloes  composita—  e. 
d'Or  de  M.  le  General  de  la  Motle,  Tinctura  sen 
alcohol  sull'urico-asthereus — e.  Paregoric,  Edin- 
burgh, Tinctura  opii  ammoniata — e.  Paregori- 
cum,  Tinctura  camphorae  compositum — e.  Pec- 
torale dulce,  E.  pectorale  regis  Danias. 

Emx'ir  Pectora'le  Regis  Dani^:,  Elir/ir 
Dano'i  inn,  E.  Ringelman'ni,  E.  ex  succo  G/y- 
cyrrhi'zae,  E.  pectorn'le  dulce,  E.  e  succo  liouiri- 
tix:  (Succ.  glyeyrrhiz.  p.  1;  .tq.  Fcenicul.  p.  2. 
•Alcohol,  amniouiut.  p.  (i.  A  formula  in  many  of 
the  Pharmacopoeias  of  continental  Europe.) 
With  the  addition  of  opium  it  constitutes  the 
Elixir  ammoniata -opia' turn,  Extraction  thebu'- 
icurn  amrnoniaca'le  of  some  Pharmacopoeias. 

Elixir  Puopriv.tatis,  Tinctura  aloes  com- 
posita— e.  Purgans,  Tinctura  jalapii  composita 
— e.  Radcliftv's,  see  Tinctura  aloes  composita — 
c.  Rhej  dulce,  Vinuin  rhej  palinati — e.  Ringel- 
manni,  E.  pectorale  regis  Daniae — e.  Roborans 
Whyttii,  Tinctura  cinchonas  amara — e.  Sacrum, 
Tinctura  rhej  et  aloes — e.  Salutis,  Tinctura 
sennas  comp. — e.  Squire's,  see  Tinctura  cam- 
phorae composita — e.  Slomachicum,  Tinctura 
gentiann?  composita — e.  Stomachicus  spirituo- 
sus,  Tinctura  cinchonas  amara — e.  Stoughton's, 
see  Tinctura  gentianas  composita — e.  ex  Succo 
glyeyrrhiz.T,  E.  pectorale  regis  Daniae — e.  Succo 
liquiritias,  E.  pectorale  regis  Danorum — e  Sul- 
phurico-acidum,  E.  acidum  Halleri — e.  Trau- 
maticum,  Tinctura  Benzoini  compositum. 

Elixir  Vitje  of  Mathi'olus;  composed  of 
alcohol  and  22  aromatic  and  stimulating  sub- 
stances.    It  was  formerly  employed  in  epilepsy. 

Elixir  of  Vitriol,  Sulphuric  acid,  dilute — 
e.  Vitrioli,  Sulphuricum  acidum  aromaticum  — 
e.  Vitrioli  acido-aromaticum,  Sulphuricum  aci- 
dum aromaticum — e.  Vitrioli  dulce,  Spiritus 
aetheris  aromaticus,  Sulphuricum  acidum  aro- 
maticum— e.  Vitrioli  Edinburgensium,  Sulphu- 
ricum acidum  aromaticum — e.  Vitrioli  Myn- 
sichti,  Sulphuricum  acidum  aromaticum — e.  of 
Vitriol,  sweet,  Spiritus  aetheris  aromaticus — e. 
Vitrioli  cum  tinctura  aromatiea,  Sulphuricum 
acidum  aromaticum — e.  of  Vitriol,  Vigani's, 
Spiritus  aetheris  aromaticus — e.  Whyttii,  Tinc- 
tura cinchonas  amara. 

ELIXIRIUM  ANTISEPT1CUM  DOCTO 
JUS  CHAUSSIER,  Tinctura  cinchonas  astherea 
composita. 

ELIX1S,  Eclectos. 
ELIXIVIATION.Lixiviation. 

ELK,  Cervus  alces — e.  Bark,  Magnolia  ma- 
crophylla  —  e.   Tree,   Andromeda    arborea — e. 


Wood,  Andromeda  arborea,  Magnolia  macro- 
phylla. 

ELLEBO RASTER,  Helleborus  foetid  us. 

ELLEBORE,  Dracontium  fcetidum. 

ELLEBORISMUS,  Helleborismus. 

ELLEBORUM  ALBUM,  Veratrum  album. 

ELLYCHiNIOTOS,  from  sXXvXvtov,  'the 
wick  of  a  lamp.'  A  sort  of  tent,  used  by  the 
ancient  surgeons,  so  called,  because  it  was 
shaped  like  a  wick,  or  because  it  was  made  of 
a  similar  material. 

ELM,  COMMON,  Ulmus—  e.  Red,  Ulrnus 
Americana— -e.  Rough-leaved,  Ulmus  Ameri- 
cana— e.  Slippery,  Ulmus  Americana. 

ELMINTHOCORTON,  Corallina  Corsi- 
cana. 

ELO'DES,  Marshy,  Febris  Elodes,  Helodes, 
Helop'yra,  Heiopyr'etos,  from  'tXoc,  '  a  marsh,' 
and  eiitg,  '  resemblance.'  Marsh  fever.  Also, 
a  kind  of  fever,  characterized  by  great  moisture 
or  sweating. 

ELOME,  Orpiment. 

ELONGA'TiO,  Faralhro'ma,  Elonga'tion, 
from  elongare  (c,  and  longus,)  'to  lengthen,' 
'extend.'  An  incomplete  luxation,  in  which 
the  ligaments  of  an  articulation  are  stretched 
and  the  limb  lengthened,  without  total  luxa- 
tion. The  word  has  also,  been  used  for  the  ex- 
tension required  in  the  reduction  of  fractures 
and  luxations,  and  for  the  increased  length  of 
limb  (F.)  Allongement,  in  diseases  and  disloca- 
tions of  the  hip-joint. 

ELUTRIATIO,  Decantation. 

ELU'VIES,  from  duo,  '  I  wash  out.'  An 
inordinate  discharge  of  any  fluid,  and  also  the 
fluid  itself.  In  the  works  of  some  authors  it  is 
particularly  applied  to  the  mucus  which  flows 
from  the  vagina  in  cases  of  leucorrhoea. 

ELUXATlON,  Luxation. 

ELYTRATRESIA,  Colpatresia. 

ELYTREURYNTER,  Speculum  vao-inae. 

ELYTRITIS,  Colposis  leucorrhoea. 

ELYTROBLENWORRHCEA,  Leucorrhoea 
(vaginal.) 

EL'YTROCE'LE,  from  tXvrnov,  'an  enve- 
lope,'and  zi/i;,  'a  tumour.'  Vogel  has  given 
tins  name  to  vaginal  hernia.     Colpoce'lS. 

ELYTROiriS,  Colposis. 

EL'YTRON,  from  t/.vw,  'I  involve.'  A 
sheath.  The  vagina.  The  membranes  which 
envelop  the  spin;il  marrow  are  called  elytra. 

ELYTRON'CUS, Elytrophy'ma, from  eXvtqov, 
'a  vagina  or  sheath,'  and  oyna,  'a  tumour.'  A 
swelling  of  the  vagina. 

ELYTROPHYMA,  Elylroncus. 

ELYTROPTO'SIS,  from  throw,'*  sheath,' 
and  nruaig,  'fall.'  CaJlisen  gives  this  name  to 
inversion  of  the  vagina.  Also,  Prolapsus  va- 
ginae, (q.  v.) 

ELYTROR'RHAPHY,  Elytrorrhaph'ia ;  Col- 
por'rhaphy,  Kolpor 'rhaphy ;  from  eXvtqov,  'the 
vagina,'  and  Qu(prj,'l&  suture.'  The  operation 
of  closing  the  vagina  by  suture  in  cases  of  pro- 
cidentia uteri. 

EM  and  EN,  tv,  'in,  into,  within.'  Also, 
•excess;' — frequently  used  in  this  last  sense 
by  Dr.  Good.  A  common  prefix,  generally 
answering  to  the  prefixes  im  and  in,  in  Eng- 
lish. In  composition,  before  [i,  n,  ip,  i/',  and  jt, 
the  )■  is  changed  into  i< ;  before  y,  ■/.,  S,  and  /, 
into  y;  before  X,  into  X,  and  before  p  generally 
into  p. 

EMACIA'TION,  Emacia'tio,  from  emaciare, 


EMAIL  DBS  DE.YTS 


274 


EMETIC 


'to  grow  lean.'  Eztenva'tio,  Maries,  Macritu'do, 
Macror,  Marctfres,  Skekti'a,  Leptysm'vs,  Pin- 
gued'inis  diminu'tio.  (F.)  Amaigrissement,  Mai- 
grew:  That  condition  of  the  body,  or  of  a  p:irt 
of  the  body,  in  which  it  grows  lean.  The  suite 
cfone  who  is  lean; — I  'sr// notes. 

&MAIL  DES  DENTS,  Enamel  of  the  teeth. 

EMANATION,  Emanaftio,  Effiu'vium,  from 
tmanare,  (e,  and  ma.nare,')  'to  issue  or  flow 
from.'  The  term  is  applied  to  bodies  which 
proceed  or  draw  their  oiigin  from  oilier  bodies; 
such  as  the  light  which  emanates  from  the  sun; 
the  miasmata  which  arise  from  the  putrid  de- 
composition of  animal  or  vegetable  substances, 
&c.     See  Miasm. 

EMAN'SIO  MEN'SIUM.  from  e,  and  martere, 
' to  stay.'  This  term  has  been  applied  to  amen- 
norrhoea  (q.  v.)  or  obstruction  of  the  menses 
before  they  have  been  established.  Some  have 
used  it  for  the  retention  which  occurs  even 
after  they  have  been  established.  The  former 
is  the  general  acceptation. 

EMARGINATIO,  Echancrure,  Notch. 

EMARGINATURA.  Echancrure,  Notch. 

EMASCULA'TION;  Emascula'tio ,  from 
emasculare,  (e,  and  masculus,  'a  male,')  'to 
render  impotent.'  The  act  of  remo\  ing  or  de- 
stroying i  he  o-enerative  organs  of  a  male  animal. 

EMASCULATUS,  Castratus,  Eunuch. 

EMBALM'ING,  from  em,  en,  'in,'  and  hal- 
samum.  Bahama' tio,  Smymisfmos,  Cedeia, 
Pollinctu' ra,  Conditu'  ra  Ceulav'erum,  from  Bal- 
samum.  Balsam.  (F.)  Embaumenl,  Imbalsama- 
tion.  An  operation  which  consists  in  impreg- 
nating the  dead  body  with  substances  capable 
of  prevent! no-  it  from  becoming  putrid,  and  thus 
putting  it  in  a  condition  to  be  preserved. 

EMBAM'MA,  from  su^anna, '  I  immerse  in.' 
A  medicated  pickle  or  sauce  — Gorraus. 

EMBARRAS,  Eraphraxis. 

EMBARRAS  GASTIUQUE,  (F.)  Gastric  dis- 
order or  impediment,  Collu'vies  gas'trica.  Dis- 
order of  the  stomach,  in  which  there  is  loss  of 
appetite,  with  bitterness  and  clamminess  of 
mouth,  white  and  yellow  tongue,  leeling  of  op- 
pression in  the  epigastrium,  and  sometimes  pain 
in  that  region,  nausea  and  bilious  or  bitter  vo- 
miting; this  state  being  accompanied  with  head- 
ache, iassitude.  and  pain  in  the  back  and  limbs. 

Embakkas  Gastrointestinal.  Gastroin- 
testinal disorder.  Slight  gastroenteritis,  ac- 
cording to  the  Broussaist,  in  which  the  symp- 
toms of  the  Ernbarras  gasli  ique  and  E.  intestinal 
are  united. 

Embarras  Intestinal,  fntes'tinttl  disorder. 
The  principal  characters  assigned  to  this  are: — 
tension  of  the  abdomen,  colic,  borborygmi,  dis- 
charge of  flatus  per  anum,  constipation  or  diar- 
rhoea, &c. 

EMBARRURE,  En^isoma. 

EM  HA  UM  EjYT,  Embalmin  <*. 

EMBOITEMENT,  (F  )  '  Encasing,'  from  em, 
'in,' and  fVofce,'a  box.'  Enadelph'ia.  This  term 
has  been  applied  to  that  theory  of  generation 
which  considers  that  the  germs  are  encased  in 
each  other  in  the  ovary  of  the  female,  in  such 
sort  that  they  are  developed  in  succession  after 
impregnation.  It  is  the  theory  of  encasing  of 
germs,  or  of  monstrosity  by  inclusion. 

EMBOITURE,  Diarthrosis. 

EMBOLE.  from  mfiaX).w,  'I  put  in  place.' 
Reduction  of  a  luxated  bone.     ReposJi-o 

EMBOLIMOS,  Intercalary. 


EMBOLUM  CEREBRI,  Infundibulum  of 
the  brain. 

EMBONPOINT.     (F.)    "  Tn    good    point   or 

plight."     Bona  corporis  hahitu'do.    The  slate 

nimal  body  when  in  full  health.     Ex- 

embonpoint  constitutes  corpulence  and 

j,  and  may  become  a  morbid  condition. 

EMBORISMA,  Aneurism. 

EMBROCA'TION,  Embroca'lio,  Embreg'ma, 
Em'broc/ie,  Implu'vium,  from  c^pof/v),  •  1  sprin- 
kle.' A  fluid  application  to  be  rubbed  on  any 
part  of  the  body.  It  is  often  used  synonymously 
with  liniment.  Originally,  it  was  employed  in 
the  sense  of  Fomentation. 

Embrocation,  Guestonian,  see  Oleum  Tere- 
binthinae  rectifieatum. 

EMBROCHE/Embrocation. 

EMBRYEMA,  Embrocation. 

EM'BRYO,  Em'bryon,  from  iv,  'in,'  and 
Pqvu),  '  I  grow.'  Cije'ma.  The  fecundated 
germ,  at  the  early  stages  of  its  development  in 
liter o.  At  a  certain  period  of  its  increase,  the 
name  fa:tus  is  given  to  it,  but  at  what  period 
is  not  determined.  Generally,  the  embryo  slate 
is  considered -to  extend  to  the  period  of  quick- 
ening. 

EMBRYOC'TONY,  Fcetits  Trucida'lio,  from 
;i(V)i  of, '  the  embryo,'  and  xtoioc,  '  destruction.' 
The  ;;ct  of  destroying  a  foetus  in  utero,  when  in- 
surmountable obstacles — as  certain  deformities 
of  the  pelvis — oppose  delivery. 

EMBRYOG'RAPHY,  Embryo gr a! phia,  from 
tufiovov, 'the  embryo/  and  ynuqji/,  'a  descrip- 
tion.' The  part  of  anatomy  which  describes 
the  embryo. 

EMBRYOTHLAS'TA,  Embryothlas'tes,  Em- 
bryothlasf 'turn,  (F.)  Embryotomy,  from  ([(pin  ur,'the 
embryo,'  and  SXauy,  '  I  break.'  An  instrument 
for  dividing  the  foetus  piecemeal,  in  order  to 
effect  delivery.  A  crotchet  or  other  instrument 
used,  in  certain  cases  of  laborious  parturition, 
to  break  the  bones  of  the  foetus,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  extracting  them  with  greater  facility — 
Hippocr.,  Galen. 

EMBR  YOTOME,  Embryothlasta. 

EMBRYOTOMY,  Embryotem'ia,  from  tp- 
povcr,  'an  embryo,'  and  xtfivtiv,  'to  cut.'  A 
division  of  the  fetus  into  fragments,  to  extract 
it  by  piecemeal,  when  the  narrowness  of  the 
pelvis  or  other  faulty  conformation  opposes  de- 
livery. 

EMBRYUL'CIA,  EmbryusteruFcia,  from  tp- 
puuov,  'embryo,  fetus,'  and  tly.w,  'I  extract,' 
'  1  draw.'  A  surgical  operation,  by  which  the 
fetus  is  extracted  by  means  of  appropriate  in- 
struments, when  a  faulty  conformation  or  other 
circumstances  prevent  delivery  by  the  natural 
efforts. 

EMBRYUL'CUS,  Elcus'ter,  same  etymon. 
An  iron  hook  or  crotchet,  described  by  Fabricius 
ab  Acquapendente,  which  was  used  to  extract 
the  fetus  in  some  cases  of  laborious  labour. 

EMBRYUSTERULCIA,  Embryulcia. 

EMENDANS,  Corrigent. 

EMERAUDE,  Smaragdus. 

EME3IA.  Vomiturition. 

EMETATROPH'IA,  from  cpaw,  '1  vomit,' 
and  axqoifi*,  '  want  of  nourishment.'  Atrophy 
in.!  need  by  vomiting. 

E.MESIS,  Vomiting. 

EMETIA,  Emetine. 

EMET'lC,  Emel'icum,  Vomiti/rium,  a  Puke, 
from  iuiu>,  'I  vomit.'     A  substance  capable  of 


EMETIC  ROOT 


275 


EMPHRAGMA 


producing  vomiting.  (F.)  timeliquc.  [This 
term  is  also  restricted  by  the  French  to  tarta- 
rized  antimony— -tbe  emetic,  as  it  were,  par  ex- 
cellence.]  Vomitif.  Tartarized  antimony,  emetine, 

ipecacuanha  and  sulphate  of  zinc,  are  the  chief 
emetics.  Emetics  are  valuable  agents  in  dis- 
ease. They  may  either  act  primarily  on  the 
stomach,  or  secondarily  on  other  parts  of  the 
system:— the  sympathy  between  the  stomach 
and  other  parts  of  the  body  being  very  exten- 
sive, and  an  important  object  of  study. 

The  following  are  the  chief  emetics: — Anti- 
monii  et  Potassag  Tartras;  Cupri  Acetas;  (Jupri 
Sulphas;Emetina;Gillenia;Hydrargyri  Sulphas 
Flavus;  Ipecacuanha;  Lobelia;  Sanguinaria; 
Scilia;  Sinapis,  and  Zinci  Sulphas. 

Emetic  Root,  Euphorbia  cotollata — e.  Tartar, 
Antimoniurn  tartanzatum — e.  Weed,  Lobelia 
inflata. 

EM'ETINE,  Emeti'na,  Emet'ia,  Vom'itine.  A 
vegetable  alkali,  discovered  by  M.  Pelletier  in 
ipecacuanha,  to  which  ipecacuanha  owes  its 
emetic  power.  It  is  obtained  from  different 
ipecacuanhas,  but  chiefly  from  the  psychotria 
emetica,  callicocca  ipecacuanha,  and  viola  emetica. 
It  is  in  transparent  scales,  of  a  reddish-brown 
colour,  almost  inodorous,  of  a  bitter,  slightly 
acrid  taste;  is  unchangeable  in  the  air,  soluble 
in  water  and  alcohol,  and  insoluble  in  ether. 
Three  grains  of  impure  emetia  or  one  grain 
of  pure  are  equal  to  18  of  ipecacuanha.  See 
Ipecacuanha. 

E  ME  T I  Q  U E,  Antimonium  tartarizatum, 
Emetic. 

EM'ETO-CATHAR'TIC,  Em'eio-cafAar'/icus, 
from  t/utTo?, '  vomiting,'  and  x«3«ot<xoc,  '  a  pur- 
gative.' A  remedy,  which  at  the  same  time  ex- 
cites vomiting  and  purging. 

EMETOL'OGY,  Emetolog"ia,  from  eutrog, 
''  vomiting,'  and  koyog,1,  a  discourse.'  A  treatise 
on  vomiting  and  on  emetics. 

EM'INENCE,  Eminen'tia,  Protuberan'tia, 
Ex'oclte,  Eranthe'ma.  A  projection  at  the  sur- 
face of  a  healthy  or  diseased  or<ran. 

liMLXENCE  PORTE  ANTERIEURE,  Lo- 
bulus  anonymus — e.  Porte  postirieure,  Lobulus 
Spio-ehi — e.  Sits  pubienne,  Mons  veneris. 

EMINENCES  BIGEMINE'ES,  Quadrige- 
mina  corpora — e.  Late1  rales,  Corpora  ohvaria — 
c.  Pyramidales,  Corpora  pyramidalia — e.  Vermi- 
forrnes  du  cervelct,  Vermiformes  processus. 

EMINENTIA  ANNULARIS,  Pons  varolii— 
e.  Pyramidalia  tympani.  Pyramid. 

EMINENTLY  CANDICANTES,  Mamillary 
Tubercles — e.  Lenticulares,  Corpora  striata — e. 
Magnae  cerebri,  Thalami  nervorum  opticornm 
— e.  Olivares,  Corpora  olivaria — e.  Pyramidalia, 
Corpora  pyramidalia — e.  Quadrigeminae,  Quad- 
rigemina  tubercula. 

EMISS.1IRE,  Emunetorv. 

EMISSA'RIA  SANTORI'Nl.  A  name  given 
to  some  small  veins,  which  communicate  with 
the  sinuses  of  the  dura  mater,  by  apertures  in 
the  cranium.  Such  are  the  parietal,  posterior 
condyloid,  mastoid  veins,  etc. 

EiMLS'SlON,  Elms' sio,  from  emilterc.  (e,  and 
.)  'to  send  out,'  '  drive  out.'  The  act  by 
which  any  matter  whatever  is  thrown  from  the 
Thus,  we  say  Emission  of  urine,  ['.mis- 
sion of  semm,  &e. 

EMMEN'AGOGUES,  Emmeniago'oa,  from 
l/tfiijra,  'the  menses,'  and  ayto,  'I  drive,'  or 
•espel."    Men'agogucs.    A  name  given  to  medi- 


cines believed  tojiave  the  power  of  favouring1 
the  discharge  of  the  menses.  It  is  doubtful 
whether  there  be  any  substance  which  possesses 
this  power  directly.  According  to  different 
conditions  of  the  system,  the  most  opposite 
remedies  may  act  as  emmenagogues.  Block 
hellebore,  savin,  madder,  poly  gala  senega,  and 
ergot,  are  reputed  to  be  specific  emmenagogues. 
Tiie  following  list  comprises  the  chief  of  ihem; 
— Cunila  Pulegio'ides;  Helleborus  Niger ;  Men- 
tha Pulegium;  Rosmarinus;  Rubia ;  Sabina; 
Secale  Cornutum;  Senega,  and  Tanacetum. 

EMMENAGOLOG"IA,froinf1«iU/'':'yt">'L(.!md 
Zayog,  '  a  discourse.'  A  treatise  of  emmena- 
gogues. 

EM  MEN  1  A,  Menses. 

EMM  ENIAGOGA,  Emmenagogues. 

EMMENOLOG"lA,  from  eptfAjp/a, '  menses,' 
and  t-oyoq,  'a  discourse.'  A  treatise  on  Men- 
struation. 

EMMYX1UM  ARTICULARE,  Hydrar- 
thrus. 

EMOL'LIENTS,  Emollicn'tin,  Malthac'tiea, 
Relaxan'lia,  Epiceras'tica,  Maine1  tica,  from  emol- 
lire,  (e,  and  mollire,  'to  soften.')  Substances 
which  relax  and  soften  parts  that  are  inflamed, 
or  too  tense.  They  are  used  both  internally  and 
externally;  the  former,  however,  consisting 
of  mucilaginous  substances,  being  generally 
reckoned  as  demulcents;  the  latter,  or  proper 
emollients, consisting  of  oils,  cataplasms,  fomen- 
tations, &e.  Oleaginous  bodies,  rubbed  on  a 
part,  act  by  diminishing  its  cohesion.  Fomen- 
tations, in  cases  of  internal  inflammation,  act 
probably  through  contiguous  sympathy.  The 
following  are  the  chief  emollients: — Adeps  ; 
Amygdala?  Oleum;  A  vena;  Farina;  Cera;  Ceta- 
ceum  ;  Linum;  Oliva?  Oleum;  Sesamutn;  Tri- 
tici  Farina,  and  Ulmus. 

EMOLE1TIES  OSSIUM,  Mollities  ossium. 

EMOLLITIO  VENTRICULI,  Gastroma- 
lacia. 

EMONCTOIRE,  Emunctory. 

EMOTIO,  Delirium,  Luxation. 

EMPASMA,  Catapasma. 

EMPATEMENT,  from  empater,  'to  render 
pasty  or  doughy.'  A  non-inflammatory  en- 
gorgement, which  retains,  more  or  less,  the 
impression  of  the  finger. 

EMPATHE'MA,  Ma'nia  a  pathe'anate,  Manie 
sans  delirc;  ungovernable  passion,  from  tu,  or 
ev,  'in,'  and  tcl&oc,  'suffering.' — Good. 

EMPEIRIA,  Experience. 

EMPETRUM,  Herniaria  glabra. 

EM'PHLYSIS, from  ep,  or  tv,  'in,'  and  <$).v<ric, 
'a  vesicular  tumour  or  eruption.'  hh'oroas 
Era  a' litem.  An  eruption  of  vesicular  pimples, 
filled  progressively  with  an  acrid  and  colour- 
less, or  nearly  colourless,  fluid;  terminating  in 
scurf  or  laminated  scabs.  A  genus  in  the  order 
Exanlhematica,  class  Hcematica  of  Good. 

Emphlysis  Aphtha,  Aphtha?,  and  Stomatitis, 
aphthous — e.  Erysipelas,  Erysipelas — e.  Milia- 
ria,  Miliary  fever — e.  Pemphigus,  Pemphigus 
— e.  Vaccina  inserta,  Vaccina — e.  Varicella, 
Varicella. 

E.MI'HRACTICA,  Physconia. 

EMPHRACT1C,  Emphracticus. 

EMPHRAC'TICUS.EmpAmrfJcfrom^^gofT- 
tw,'  I  close,'  '1  obstruct.'  Emplas'licns,  m:i?.na- 
tixoc,  Emplattom'enos.  Any  substance  which, 
when  applied  to  the  skin,  closes  the  pores. 

EMPHRAG'MA, same  etymon.     Obturamen'- 


EMPHRAGMA  LACHRYMALE         276  EMPLASTRUM  ASAFCETID^E 


turn,  Impcdimcn'tnm.  Any  things  that  obstructs. 
Hippocrates  uses  this  term  to  designate  the  ob- 
stacle to  delivery  on  the  part  of  the  fcctus,  when 
the  presentation  is  preternatural. 

Emphrag'ma.  Lachrymale,  Fistula  lachry- 
malis — e.  Salivare,  Ranula. 

EMPHRAX'IS,  Obstruc'tio,  Obtura'tio,  Op- 
pilu'tio.  Same  etymon.  'Obstruction.'  An 
Emburras  or  repletion  of  canals  or  cavities  by 
any  substance,  which  is  either  morbid  from 
quantity  or  quality. 

EMPHYMA, Tumour— e.  Encystis,  Encystis 
— e.  Encystis  atheroma,  Atheroma — e.  Encys- 
tis ganglion,  Ganglion,  Testudo — e.  Encystis 
meliceris,  Meliceris — e.  Encystis  steatoma, 
Steatoma — e.  Exostosis  ossea,  Exostosis — e.  Ex- 
ostosis periostea,  Node — e.  Sarcoma,  Sarcoma — 
e.  Sarcoma  adiposum,  Adipose  sarcoma — e.  Sar- 
coma cellulosum,  Cystic  sarcoma — e.  Sarcoma 
mammarum,  Mammary  sarcoma — e.  Sarcoma 
pancieaticum,  Pancreatic  sarcoma — e.  Sarcoma 
scirrhosum,  Scirrhous  sarcoma — e.  Sarcoma  tu- 
berculosum,  Tuberculate  sarcoma — e.  Sarcoma 
vasculosum,  Sarcoma,  vascular. 

EMPHYSE'MA,  from  spupva-aio,  (iv,  and 
(fv?uw,  '  I  blow,')  '  1  inflate,'  lnflu'tio,  Empncu- 
mato'sis,  Surci'tcs  flatuo'sus,  Emphyst'ma  cel/u- 
lu're,  Emphyse'  ma  pntumato'sis,  Physon'cus,  Tu- 
mor flaluleutus,  Pneumalo'sis,  Infia'tion,  Wind- 
dropsy.  Tliis  term  is  commonly  applied  to  any 
white,  crepitant,  shining,  elastic,  indolent  tu- 
mour, caused  by  the  introduction  of  air  into  the 
cellulartexture.  Injuries  of  the  larynx,  trachea, 
or  lungs;  fractures  of  t lie  ribs,  or  wounds  pene- 
trating the  chest  are  the  most  frequent  causes 
of  this  affection,  which  is  owing  to  the  air  es- 
caping from  the  air  passages  and  insinuating 
itself  into  the  cellular  texture  surrounding  the 
wound.  There  are  some  cases  of  emphysema, 
which  are  owing  to  internal  causes;  and  hence 
a  division  has  been  made  into  the  accidental  and 
symptomatic,  and  the  spontaneous  and  idiopathic. 

Emphysema  Abdominis,  Tympanites. 

Emphyse'ma  of  the  Lungs,  E.  Pul  mu'num, 
Asthma  aereum  ah  Emphyse' niatS  Pulmo'num, 
(F.)  Pneumoeetasie,  Emphyseme  du  Poumon.  A 
considerable  pressure  or  contusion  of  the  chest, 
or  any  violent  concussion  of  the  lung,  may 
produce  a  laceration  in  that  viscus,  without  in- 
jury being  done  to  the  parietes  of  the  thorax, 
and  may  give  place  to  the  infiltration  of  air  into 
the  cellular  texture,  interlobular  emphysema. 
Latin  nee  has  described  another  species  of  em- 
physema of  the  lungs,  Vesicular  emphysema, 
consisting  in  excessive  dilatation  of  the  air-cells, 
some  of  which  become  as  large  as  hemp-seed, 
ultimately  break,  and  give  rise  to  irregular  vesi- 
cles at  the  surface  of  the  luncr,  some  of  which 
are  as  large  as  a  hazel  nut.  Physical  Signs.  The 
thorax  externally,  generally  or  locally,  appears 
unnaturally  convex  and  prominent.  The  inter- 
costal spaces  are  widened,  but  depressed.  The 
inspiratory  efforts  are  increased.  The  sound  on 
percussion  is  morbidly  clear,  butnot  tympanitic. 
On  auscultation, the  inspiratory  murmur  is  feeble 
or  suppressed.  The  expiration,  which  is  more 
frequently  audible,  is  prolonged,  laborious  and 
wheezing.  There  are  no  certain  physical  signs 
which  can  distinguish  interlobular  emphysema 
from  the  vesicular. 

E  m  p  h  ys  b  M  a  Pectoius,  Pneu inothorax — e. 
Scroti.  Physocele — e.  Tympanites,  Tympanites 
— e.  Uteri,  Hysterophysis,  Physometra. 


EMPHYSkME  DU  POUMON,  Emphysema 
of  the  lungs. 

EiMP'lRlO,  Empi'ricus,  from  t/t/rsijia,  (tv, 
and  ntioa,  'a  trial,')  'experience.'  One  who 
follows  only  experience.  A  sect  of  physicians, 
who  rejected  all  theory  and  took  for  their  guide 
experience  alone.  It  was  opposed  to  the  dog- 
matic sect.  The  Empiric  sect  prevailed  till 
near  the  time  of  Galen.  Amongst  its  most 
eminent  members,  after  Philinus  and  Serapion, 
were  Apollonius,  Glaucias,  Bacchius  of  Tana- 
gra,and  Zeuxis, — both  disciples  of  Herophilus, 
— Heraclides  of  Tarentum,  Cleophantus,  mas- 
ter of  Asclepiades,  Menodotus  of  Niconicdia, 
and  Theudasof  Laodicea.  They  occupied  them- 
selves, chiefly,  with  discovering  the  properties 
of  drugs,  and  did  important  service,  in  this  man- 
ner, to  medicine. 

At  the  present  day,  the  word  Empiric  is  only 
taken  in  a  bad  sense,  being  employed  in  nearly 
the  same  signification  as  charlatan,  (q.  v.)  or 
quack. 

EMPIRICE,  Empiricism. 

EMITR'ICISM;  same  etymon.  Empi'rica 
Ars,  Empi'rice,  (F.)  Empirisme.  Medicine 
founded  on  experience.  It  generally,  at  the 
present  day,  signifies  quackery. 

EMPIRISME.  Empiricism. 

EMPLASTICUS.  Same  etymon  as  the  next. 
Also  a  remedy,  which  adheres  like  a  plaster  to 
the  surface,  and  in  this  manner  may  obstruct 
the  pores:  an  emphractic,  (q.  v.) 

EMPLASTRO-EiNDERMIC,  Endermic. 

EMPLAS'TRUM,  from  the  Greek,  tpnXai re, 
(ev,  and  nlaaaziv,  '  to  form,')  '  I  spread  upon.' 
(F.)  Emplatre.  A  solid  and  tenacious  com- 
pound, adhesive  at  the  ordinary  heat  of  the  hu- 
man body.  Some  of  the  plasters  owe  their  con- 
sistence to  wax  and  resin;  and  others  to  the 
chemical  union  which  takes  place  between  the 
semivitreous  oxide  of  lead  and  oil.  Most  of 
them  become  too  consistent  by  age.  When 
such  is  the  case,  they  may  be  re-melted  by  a 
gentle  heat,  and  oil  be  added  to  them. 

Emplastrum  Adbjesivdm,  Emplastrum  re- 
sinaj — e.  Adhresivum  Woodstockii,  see  Sp'ara- 
drapum  adhsesivnm — e.  Alesandri,  Alexandrine 
— e.  de  Althaea,  Unguentum  de  Althaea. 

Emplastrum  A  m  m  o  n  i  '  a  c  i,  Ammoni'acum 
Plaster,  (Ammoniac,  pur.  5v,  acidi  acetici  Oss. 
Dissolve  the  ammoniac  in  the  vinegar,  and 
strain:  then  evaporate  the  solution  by  means  of 
a  water  bath,  stirring  constantly  until  it  ac- 
quires a  proper  consistence. — Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is 
used  as  a  discutient  plaster. 

Emplastrum  Ammoni'aci  cum  Hydr ar'gyro, 
Ammoniacum  plaster  with  mercury  (Jimmoniaei, 
pur.  Ibj,  hydrurg.  pur.  giij,  o/ei  sulph.  gj.  Rub 
the  mercury  with  the  oil  until  the  globules  dis- 
appear, then  add  the  ammoniac,  previously 
melted,  and  mix.     Ph.  L.) 

Emplastrum  Andre/e  de  Cruce,  E.  de  pice 
et  resinis  glutinans — e.  Anglicuin,  see  Spara- 
drapum  adliaBsivum. 

Emplastrum  Aromat'icum,  JJromal'ic plaster. 
(Th uris.  giij,  cerse  flavx  %ss,  pul v.  cor t.  cinnam. 
ovJ-  ot-  ftSS>  piount.,  ol.  ess.  Linton,  aa  Zij.  Melt 
the  frankincense  and  wax  together,  and  strain; 
then  add,  as  it  cools,  the  cinnamon,  previously 
robbed  with  the  oils,  and  forma  plaster.  Ph. 
Dubl.)      Used  as  a  stimulating  plaster. 

Emplastrum  Asaice'  tid.v..  Asafat'ida  plaster, 
E.  antthysUr'icum,  (Empl.  plumb.,  Asufwt.,  sing. 


EMPLASTRUM  ATTRAHENS 


277 


EMPLASTRUM  L\TTiG 


Rjj,  GaJban.,  Ceree  flavx  aa  Ibss,  Alcohol.  diliU. 
Oiij.  Dissolve  the  asafoBtida  and  galbanum  in 
the  alcohol,  in  a  water  bath,  strain  while  hot, 
and  evaporate  to  the  consistence  of  honey  :  add 
the  lead  plaster  and  wax  previously  melted  to- 
gether, stir  the  mixture  well,  and  evaporate  to 
the  proper  consistence. — Ph.  U.  S.)  Used  as 
an  antispasmodic  and  anodyne  plaster. 

Emplastrum  Attrahens,  E.  cera. 

Emplastrum  Belladon'n^,  Plaster  of  Bella- 
don'na.  (Empl.  resin.  5iij,  Ext.  Belludon.  §iss. 
Add  the  extract  to  the  plaster,  previously  melted 
in  a  water  bath,  and  mix. — Ph.  77.  <S.) 

Emplastrum  Calefa'ciens,  E.  Picis  cum 
canthar'ide.— (Ph.  U.  S.)  Calefa' cient  plaster, 
Warm  plaster.  (F.)  Empl&tre  ichauffant.  (Cerat. 
cantharid.  (Ph.  U.  S.)  Ibss,  Picis' abiet.  ibiijss.) 
Melt  together,  and  form  into  a  plaster.  Ph.  U.  S, 
It  is  rubefacient  and  stimulant. 

Emplastrum  Cantharijdis,  E.  lyttoe — e.  Can- 
lliaridis  vesicatorii  compositum,  E.  lyttsecomp. 
— e.  Cephalicum,  E.  picis  comp. 

Emplastrum  Cer^;,  E.  simplex,  Wax  plaster, 
E.  Mtrahens.  (Cera  flava,  Sevi  Prap.  aa  Ibiij, 
resina: flava  Ibj.  Melt  them  together  and  strain. 
PA.  L.)  It  has  been  considered  drawing.  It  is 
stimulating. 

Emplastrum  Cicu'ta,  E.  de  Cicu'ta,  E.coni'i 
macula' ti,  Vnguen'lum  sol'idum  de  cicu'ta,  Hem- 
lock plaster.  (F.)  Empl&tre  de  Cigue.  (Resina: 
abiet.  960  p.  Cerazflav.  640  p.  Picis  alba,  448 
p.  01.  cicuta  per  decoct,  praparat.  128  p.  Fol. 
cicut.  recent.  2000  p.  Melt  the  resins,  wax  and 
oil;  add  the  cicuta  leaves,  and  boil;  strain  and 
add,  after  having  dissolved  it  in  vinegar  of 
squills  and  cicuta  juice,  gum  ammoniac,  500  p. 
Ph.  Par.)  It  is  used  as  a  discutient,  especially 
to  scirrhous  tumours. 

Emplastrum  Citrinum,  Unguentum  de  al- 
thasa — e.  Commune,  E.  plumbi — e.  Commune, 
cum  resina,  E.  resina — e.  Conii,  E.  cicutse. 

Emplastrum  Cumi'ni,  Cummin  plaster. 
(Cumin.  semin.,carui  sem.,  lauri  bacc.  sing. giij, 
picis  arida  Ibiij,  ccra  flava  §iij.  Melt  the  pitch 
and  wax  together,  then  add  the  other  ingre- 
dients. Ph.  L.)  It  is  used  as  a  warm,  discu- 
tient plaster. 

Emplastrum  Diachylon,  E.  plumbi — e.  Di- 
vinum  Nicolai,  see  Magnet — e.  fimolliens,  Un- 
guentum de  allhrea — e.  Epispasticum,  E.  Jyttae. 

Emplastrum  Ferri,  E.  rob'orans,  Iron  Plas- 
ter, Strength'  ening  Plaster.  (Ferri  subcarb.  ^iij, 
Emp.  plumbi,  Ibij,  Picis  abietis,  Ibss.  Add  the 
subcarbonate  of  iron  to  the  lead  plaster  and 
Burgundy  pitch  previously  melted  together, 
and  stir  constantly  until  they  thicken  upon 
cooling. — Ph.  U.  S.) 

Emplastrum  Fehri  Rubri,  E.  oxidi  ferri 
rubri — e.  Flavurn,  Unguentum  de  althaea — e.  ad 
Fonticulos,  Ceratum  Galeni. 

Emplastrum  Gal'bani,  Galb'anum  plaster, 
(Empl.  litharg.  Ibij,  gum.  gulban.  Ibss,  cerce  jlavcc 
fAv.  Melt  the  galbanum  before  adding  the 
plaster  and  wax,  then  melt  all  together.  Ph.D.) 
A  stimulant  and  discutient. 

Emplastrum  Gal'bani  Compos'itum,  E.  li- 
thar'gyri  compos'itum,  Diach'ylon  -magnum  cum 
gumrni,  Compound  galbanum.  plaster.  (Galb. 
pur.  ,^viij,  Emp.  plumbi,  Ibiij,  tereb.  vu/g.  2fX, 
abietis  resin,  contus.  j|iij.  Melt  the  galbanum 
and  turpentine  together,  then  mix  in  the  resin, 
and  afterwards  the  plaster,  previously  melted. 
It  is  stimulant  and  discutient. 


Emplastrum  Glutinosum,  see  Sparadrapum 
adhaesivum — e.  cum  Gummatibus,  E.  gummo- 
sum. 

Emplastrum  Gummo'sum,  Gum  plaster,  Em- 
plastrum litha/gyri  cum  gumrni,  E.  cum  gum- 
mnt'ibus,  E.  e  gum'mis  resino'sis,  E.  Ox'i/di 
Plumbi  semivit'rcum  gummo'sum,  Yellow  diachf- 
ylon,  Gum  diachylon,  Diachylon  cum  gumrni. 
(Emp.  oxid.  plumbi  semivitr.  p.  viii,  g.  resin, 
ammoniac,  g.  resin,  bubon.  galbani,  cerse  flavse, 
aa,  p.  i.  Ph.  E.)  Properties  and  uses  like  the 
last. 

Emplastrum  e  Gummis  Resinosis,  E.  gum- 
mosum. 

Emplastrum  cum  Gummi-Resi'nis,  Empl&tre 
de  gomme  resine,  Diachylon  gomme,  Plaster  of 
gum  resins.  (Emplastr.  simp  1.  p.  1600,  cera 
flavx,  p.  96,  picis  albas,  p.  96,  terebinth,  p.  96. 
Melt  by  a  gentle  heat,  and  add  (rum  ammoniac, 
p.  32,  bdellium  32,  galhan.  32,  and  sagapenum,  p. 
32.  Dissolve  in  a  sufficient  quantity  of  alcohol, 
evaporate  to  the  consistence  of  honey,  and  mix 
carefully  all  together.     Ph.  P.)     A  discutient. 

Emplastrum  Hvurar'gvri,  Mercu'riul  plas- 
ter, Em-plaster,  lithar'gyri  cum  hydrar'gyro.  ( Hy- 
drurg.  purif.  pond.  5-vj,  ol.  olive,  resin,  aa  ^ij, 
emp/ast.  plumbi,  ibj.  Melt  the  oil  and  resin  to- 
gether, and  when  cool  rub  the  mercury  with 
them  till  the  globules  disappear;  then  gradually 
add  the  lead  plaster,  previously  melted,  and  mix 
all.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is  a  stimulant,  resolvent  and 
discutient.  Applied  as  a  discutient  to  venereal 
and  other  tumours. 

Emplastrum  Hydrar'gvri  Compos'itum,  E. 
de  hydrar'gyro  compos'itum,  E.  de  Vigo  cum  mer- 
cu'rio  cmenda'lum,  Compound  pluster  of  mer'cury. 
(Empl.  sirnpl.  p.  1250,  cerse  flovas,  p.  64,  rcsinae, 
p.  64.  Melt,  and  before  it  congeals,  add  pvlv. 
g.  ammoniac,  p.  20,  bdellium,  p.  20,  oliban.  p.  20, 
myrrh,  p.  20,  Saffron,  p.  12.  Mix  carefully. 
Take  of  mercury,  p.  380,  pure  turpentine,  p.  64, 
liquid  and  pure  slorax,  p.  192.  Triturate  in  an 
iron  mortar  till  the  globules  disappear:  melt 
all  together,  and  before  congealing  add  essential 
oil  of  Lavender,  p.  8.  Pharm.  P.)  The  same 
properties  as  the  last. 

Emplastrum  Ichthyocollje  tei.jE  induc- 
tum,  see  Sparadrapum  adhcesivum — e.  Irritans, 
E.  lyttce — e.  Lithargyri,  E.  Plumbi — e.  Lithar- 
gyri  compositum,  E.  galbani  compositum — e. 
Lithargyri  cum  gumrni,  E.  gummosum — e.  Li- 
thargyri cum  hydrargvro,  E.  hydrargyri — e. 
Lithargyri  cum  resina,  E.  resins — e.  Lithargy- 
ricum  cum  resina  pini,  E.  resinas. 

Emplastrum  L\ttje,  E.  canlhar'idis,  E.  can- 
tharidis  vesica <td 'Hi,  Plaster  of  the  Spanish  or 
blistering  fly,  Blistering  Plaster,  Ply  Plaster,  E. 
mcl'oes  ve.sicato'rii,  E.  vesicato'rium,  E.  epispas'- 
ticum,  E.  e  cantharid' thus  epispas'  ticum  solid' ius 
ct  tcna'cius  havens,  E.  irri'lans.  E.  rubrfl'ans. 
(Cantharides  in  powder,  Ibj,  Emp.  ceras  Ibiss, 
Adipis  prasp.  Ibj.  Melt  the  plaster  and  lard  to- 
gether, and  as  the  mixture  becomes  thick  on 
cooling,  sprinkle  in  the  flies,  and  mix.  Pharm. 
L)  This  is  the  common  blistering  plaster.  Too 
much  heat  must  not  be  used  in  its  preparation, 
it  requires  to  remain  on  6  or  8  hours  before  its 
full  effect  is  induced, and  it  acts  sufficiently  well, 
provided  even  a  piece  of  thin  gauze  or  tissue 
paper  be  placed  between  it  and  the  skin,  whilst 
absorption  of  the  flies  is  thus  prevented.  See 
Blister.  The  Blistering  Plaster  of  the  Pharma- 
copoeia of  the  United  States,  Cera' turn  Contour* 


EMPLASTRUM  LYTT^E,  &c. 


278 


EMPRESMA  BRONCHITIS 


idis,  is  made  as  follows: — Cuntharid.  in  pulv. 
subtiliss.,  ibj,  cerxftavx,  resinx,  adipis,  aa,  f,  viij. 
To  the  wax,  resin,  and  lard,  previously  melted, 
add  the  Spmish  Hies,  and  stir  the  mixture  con- 
stantly until  cool. 

Empi.asthum  Lyttje  Compos'itum,  E.  can- 
thar'idis  vesicato'rii  compos'  itum ,  E.  mel'oes  vesi- 
cato'r  i  compos' itum,  Compound  planter  of  can- 
thar'ides  or  Spanish  flics.  ( Resin,  liq.  pini  lark  s. 
p.  18,  resinx  concret.  pini  abietis,  inches  vesical. 
aa  p.  12,  cerge  flarse,  p.  4,  svbacct.  cupri,  p.  ij, 
semin.  sinapis  alb.,  fruct.  pip.  nigr.  aa  p.  j. 
Melt  the  pitch  and  wax,  then  add  the  turpen- 
tine, and  as  these  cool  sprinkle  in  the  other 
substances  in  the  form  of  powder,  so  as  to  make 
a  plaster.  Ph.  E.)  The  same  properties  as  the 
last,  but  more  energetic  and  speedy  in  its  action. 

Emplastrum  Meloes  Vesicatorii,  E.  lytta? 
— e.  Meloes  vesicatorii  comp.,  E.  lyttas  comp. — 
e.  Mucilaginosum,  Unguentum  de  althaea — e. 
Nigrum,  of  Augsburg,  see  Magnet. 

Emplastrum  Norimberoeb'se,  E.  ex  ox' id o 
plumbi  rubro  camphora't.um,  Empldtre  de  Nurem- 
berg, Nuremberg  piaster.  (Oxid.  plumb,  rubr  p. 
300,  ol.  oliv.  p.  000.  aquas,  q.  s.  Boil  until  the 
oxide  is  dissolved,  and  almost  to  dryness.  Re- 
move the  vessel  from  the  fire  and  add,  yellow 
wax,  p.  500.  Put  the  vessel  again  on  the  fire, 
and  alter  the  wax  is  melted,  add,  before  it  con- 
geals, camphor,  p.  24:  mix.  Ph.  P.)  It  is  con- 
sidered a  desiccative,  and  has  been  employed 
in  gangrene. 

Emplastrum  Opii,  O'pium  Plaster.  (Opii  in 
pulv. 3 ij ,  Picis  ab let.  5'ij;  emplastr.  plumbi  Ibj, 
aq.  bulhent.  f.  giv.  Melt  together  the  lead 
plaster  and  Burgundy  pitch;  then  add  the  opium 
previously  mixed  with  the  water,  and  boil  over 
a  gentle  fiie  to  the  proper  consistence. — Ph. 
17.  S.)  It  is  employed  as  an  anodyne,  and  to 
give  support 

Emplastrum  Os'ini  Ferri  Rubri,  E.  Ferri 
rubri,  E.  Rob'arans,  Plaster  of  red  oxide  of  iron, 
Strength.' tning  plaster.  (Emiil.  oxid.  plumb, 
semivilr.  p.  xxiv,  resinx  pin,  p.  vi.  ceraflava, 
olei.  oka.  Europ.  sing.  p.  iij,  oxidi  ferri  robr.  p. 
viij.  Rub  the  red  oxide  of  iron  with  the  oil, 
and  add  the  other  ingredients  melted.  Ph.  E.) 
It  is  employed  as  a  strengthening  plaster. 

Emplastrum  Phots  iceum,  Diapalma — e.  ex 
Oxido  plumbi  rubro  composituin,  E.  Norirnber- 
gense. 

Emplastrum  PicisCompos' itum, i3.  picis  Bur- 
gun'dicx,  E.  cephol'icum,  Cephalic  plaster.  Com- 
pound  pitch  ulaster.  (Picisarid .  Ibij  abietis resina 
Ibij  1  esin8pflat><B,B.a  ?,iv,  ccne  fla  ncirii^'w,  nu/rist. 
ol.  5J.  To  the  pitch,  resin,  and  wax,  melted 
together,  add  the  other  matters  and  mix.  Ph.  L.) 
It  is  stimulant  and  rubefacient.  Sometimes 
used  in  headache, — applied  to  the  temples. 

Emplastrum  ex  Ox  mo  plumbi  semivitreo, 
E.  plumbi — e.  Oxidi  plumbi  semivitreum,  E. 
plumbi — e  Oxidi  plumbi  semivitreum  gummo- 
sum,  E.  guminosum. 

Emplastrum  de  Pice  et  Resi'nis  Glu'ti- 
nans.  E.  Andreas  de  Ciuce,  Empldtre  d' Andre  de 
la  Croix,  E.  collant  de  poix  el  de  resines.  Adhe- 
sive plaster  of  pitch  and  resins  (Pa-is  albx,  p. 
126.US/H  elemi  p,  32,  U  tbirtth  pur.  p.  Hi.  ol. 
laur.  p  hi.  Melt  with  a  gentle  heat,  and  pass 
through  linen.  Ph.  P.)  Used  in  contusions 
and  fracl ores  as  a  suppoi  i. 

Emplastrum  Plumdi,  E.  bjthar'gijri,  E.  com- 
mu'ne,  E.  diach'tjlurn,  E  oxidi  plumbi  semici'- 


treum,  E.  ex  ox'ido  plumbi  semivi'treo,  Diach'y- 
lon  simplex,  White  Diach'ylon,  Lead  plaster,  Di- 
ach'y/on  plaster.  ( Plumbi  oxid  xemiriir.  in  pulv. 
Ibv.  olei  oliv.,  Oviij.  aqua:  Oij.  Boil  together 
over  a  slow  fire,  stirring  constantly  until  the 
oil  and  oxide  of  lead  cohere.  Ph.  U.  S.) 

Emplastrum  Polychrestum,  E  resina?. 

Emplastrum  Rksi'na:,  E.  adhxsi'vum,  E. 
lit  liar'  gyri  cum  resi'na,  E.  resino'sum.  Resin 
plaster,  Adhe'sive  or  sticking  plaster.  Emplas- 
trum commune  cum  resind.  E.  Polychres'tum, 
E.  lithargip'icum  cam  resi'na  pini.  (Resin,  flat. 
Ibss,  emp.  plumb,  ibiij  Melt  the  plaster,  with  a 
gentle  heat,  add  the  resin,  and  mix.  Ph.  JJ.  S.) 
Employed  in  wounds  and  ulcers. 

Emplastrum  Resisosum,  E.  Resinac — e.  Ro- 
borans  E.  Ferri  (Ph.  U.  S.)  E.  oxidi  ferri  rubri 
— e.  Rubefians,  E.  lyttse. 

Emplastrum  Sapo'nis,  E.  supona'ceum,  Soap 
plaster.  (Saponis  concis.  Ibss,  emplaster.  plumb. 
tbiij.  Mix  the  soap  with  the  melted  plaster,  and 
boil  to  a  proper  consistence.  /'//.  U.  S.)  It  is  a 
mild  discutient.    Applied  to  tumours,  corns, &c. 

Emplastrum  Simplex,  E.  cera; — e.  Sperma- 
tis  ceti,  Ceratum  cetacei. 

Emplastrum  Thuris,  Frank' incense  plaster. 
(Emp.  litkargyri,  Ibij,  thuris;  Ibss,  oxid.  ferri. 
rubr.  §iij.  Ph.  D..)  Use: — the  same  as  the  plas- 
ter of  red  oxide  of  iron. 

Emplastrum  Vesicatoiuum,  Blister,  E.lytta 
— e.  de  Vigo  cum  mercurio  emendatum,  E.  hy- 
drargyri  compositum. 

EMPLATRE,  Emplastrum— e  d' Andre  de  la 
Croix,  Emplastrum  de  pice  et  resinis  glntinans 
— e.  de  Cigne,  Emplastrum  cicntae — e.  Collant 
de  poix  et  de  rismes,  Emplastrum  de  pice  et 
resinis  glutinans— c.  de  Gomme  resine,  Emplas- 
trum cum  gummi-resinis  —  e.  de  Nuremberg, 
Emplastrum  Norimbi  rgense. 

EMPLATTOMENOS,  Emphraclicus. 

EMPNEUMATOS1S,  Emphysema,  Inspira- 
tion. 

E MP  0 ISOJYNEMEJYT,  Poison i  n g. 

EMPO'RHJM, ipnoqiov.  (tfl  or  e*,and 
'a  market  or  depot.'      The   brain  was  so  called, 
of  old,  because  there  all  the  mental  affairs  are 
transacted. 

Emporium  Spirituum,  Sensorium. 

EMPRE1NTE,  Impression. 

EMPRES'MA,  from  tunoijdot,  '  I  burn  inter- 
nally.' Ph/egma'tix  memhrano'sx  et  parenchy- 
mati/sse,  Phlegma'tici,  Febres  continues  inftam- 
mato'rise,  Infiamma'lio  inter' no,  Cuu'mu,  Inler1- 
nal inflammation:  a  genus  in  the  class  hsema- 
tica,  order  pklogotica  of  Good. 

Empresma  Bronchitis,  Cynnnche  trachealis 
—  e.  Bronchlemmiiis,  Cynanche  trachealis—  e. 
Carditis,  Carditis — e.  Cephalitis,  Phrenitis— e. 
Cystitis,  Cystitis — e.  Enteritis,  Enteritis— e. 
(iastritis,  Gastritis — e.  Hepatitis,  Hepatitis — e. 
Hysleritis,  Metritis — e.  Nephritis,  Nephiitis — e. 
Orchitis,  Hernia  humoralis — e.  Otitis.  Otitis — e. 
Paristhmitie,  Cynanche — e.  Paristhmitis  tonsil- 
laris maligna,  Cynanche  maligna — e.  Paristh- 
mitis pharyngea,  Cynanche  parotidaaa — e.  Pa- 
risthmitis tonsillaris,  Cynanche  tonsillaris — e. 
Parotitis,  Cynanche  parotidsen — e.  Peritonitis, 
Peritonitjs — e.  1'entoniiis  mesenteries,  P 
teritis — e.  Peritonitis  omentalis,  Epiploilis — e. 
Picis  cum  Canlhnride,  E.  salefnciens— e.  Plenri- 
tis.  Pleuritis — e.  Pleuritis  diaphragmatica,  Dta- 
phragmitis — e.  Pneumonitis,  Pneumonia — e. 
Splenitis,  Splenitis. 


EMPRION 


279 


EMULSIO  PURGANS,  &c, 


EM'PRION,  from  tv,  and  a-$«w,  'a  saw,'  'ser- 
rated.' Galen  has  given  this  name  to  the  pulse, 
when  the  sensation  produced  by  the  artery 
under  the  finders  is  analogous  to  that  which 
would  be  caused  by  the  unequal  teeth  of  a  saw. 

EM  PROSTHOT'ONOS,  ErUprosthoton'ia, 
Enla'sia  tel'anus  anii'evs,  Tetanus  anticus,  from 
tjuTio'xrStr,  'forwards,'  and  wroi,  '1  stretch,' 
'I  extend.'  A  variety  of  tetanus,  in  which  the 
body  is  drawn  forwards  by  the  permanent  con- 
traction of  the  muscles.. 

EMPSYCHO'SIS,  from  i/uipv/ow,  (tv,  and 
tpv^tj, '  life,')  'I  animate,'  'I  vivify.'  A  word 
formerly  used  for  the  act  of  animating:  the 
union  of  the  soul  with  the  body. 

EMPTOE,  Haemoptysis. 

EMPTOICA  PASSIO,  Haemoptysis. 

EM  PTOSIS,  Imbibition. 

EMPTYSIS,  Haemoptysis. 

EMPYK,  Empyema. 

EM  I'VE' MA,  Empye'sis,  Eni'pije.  from  tv, 
{ in,' and  7rooi', '  pus."  Aposte'ma  empye'ma.  A 
collection  of  blood  or  pus,  and  conventionally 
of  other  fluid,  in  some  cavity  of  the  body,  and 
particularly  in  that  of  the  pleura.  Empyema 
is  one  of  the  terminations  of  inflammation  of 
the  pleura,  and  is  called, also,  Pyotho'rax  verus, 
Pleurorrhafa  purulen'ta,  Diapye'ma,  Ecpye'ma, 
Ecpyt'sis,  Empye'sis  pectoris,  Pydsis  pectoris, 
Hydrotko'rux  purvlen'tus,  Dyspna'a  pyothoruc"- 
ica,  Pin  a  mo' iiia  suppui -aio'ria,  Abscessus  ptc'to- 
ris,Ji.  Thorn' 'c:'s,A.  Pulmo'num,(F.)  Pyopleurite. 
The  operation  for  empyema  properly  means  the 
making  of  an  opening  into  the  thorax,  for  the 
purpose  of  giving  issue  to  the  matter  collected 
in  the  cavity  of  the  pleura,  although  it  has  been 
used  for  the  operation  required  for  the  evacua- 
tion of  any  fluid  from  the  chest,  or  synony- 
mously with  Paracentesis  thoracis. 

EMPYE'SIS;  same  etymon.  Suppuration. 
An  eruption  of  pi  is   pimples,  gradu- 

ally filling  with  a  purulent  fluid,  and  termi- 
nating in  thick  scabs,  frequently  leaving  pits  or 
scabs.     Pun'tuhus  I  n.    A  genus  in  the 

order  Eiantliemalica,  class  Hoemalicd  of  Good. 
See  Emp\  ema. 

Empyems  iimi,  Hypopyon  —  e.  Pectoris, 
Empyema— e.  Variola,  Variola. 

EM'PYOCE'LE,  from  tv,  '  in,'  nvov,  'pus,' 
nnd  xtjXt],  '  tumour,'  '  hernia.'  A  tumour,  formed 
by  an  accumulation  of  pus  in  the  scrotum.  Dif- 
ferent diseases  have  been  described  under  this 
name,  sin:!i  as  suppuration  of  the  testicle,  em- 
pyema o!  the  tunica  vaginalis,  accumulation  of 
pus  in  the  cavity  of  a  hernial  sac.  absi 
different,  kinds  formed  in  the  cellular  texture 
of  the  scrotum,  &c. 

EMPYOMTHALUS,  from    tv,  'in,' 
'pus,'   and    iiujukof,  'the   navel.'     This    word 
has  been  used   to  designate  a  suppurating  tu- 
mour at  the  umbilicus;  or,  at  limes,  umbilical 
hernia    the  sac  of  which  is  filled  with  blood. 

EMPYOS.  Purulent. 

EMPYREU'MA, from  tunvotvm,  (sv.and  ttvq, 
'fire,')  -I  kindle.'  The  burnt  smell  and  acrid 
taste,  which  volatile  products — gaseous  and  li- 
quid—  contract,  when  animal  or  vegetable  sub- 
stances are  decomposed  with  a  strong  beat. 
The  cause  of  this  smell  is  seated  in  an  oil 
empyreumat'ic,  which  does  not  exist  in  the  sub- 
stance subjected  to  tfie  operation,  but  is  the  re- 
sult of  its  decomposition  If  the  empyreuma 
occurs  when  the  organic  substance  is  placed  in 


a  still  with  a  liquid,  it  is  owing  to  the  solid 
matter  touching  the  bottom  of  the  vessel  to 
which  the  fire  is  applied. 

EMPYREUMAT'IC,  Empyreumalficvs:  same 
etymon.  Belonging  to  empyreuma, — as  an 
( mpyreumatic  odour. 

EM'PYROS,  F,  brie" Hans,  from  rvg,  'fire  or 
fever.'     One  who  has  lever. — Hippocrates. 

EMS,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Cele- 
brated springs  on  the  river  Lahn,  duchy  of 
Nassau.  They  are  thermal  (from  83  to  1 15  J 
Fahr.,)  and  carbonated  salines,  containing  car- 
bonic acid,  bicarbonate  of  soda,  and  chloride  of 
sodium;  and  are  much  used  in  gastric  and  in- 
testinal affections,  &.c. 

EMUL'GENT,  Emu/gens,  from  emulgere,  (e, 
and  nailgcrc.)  'to  milk  out,'  'to  draw  out.'  A 
name  given  to  the  renal  artery  and  vein,  be- 
cause the  ancients  imagined  they  milked,  as  it 
were,  the  urine  through  the  kidneys.  See  Re- 
nal. "  ' 

EMUL'SIO,  Emvfsion;  same  etymon.  A 
pharmaceutical  preparation,  of  a  milky-white 
opaque  appearance,  winch  is  composed  of  a 
fixed  oil,  divided  and  held  in  suspension  in 
water  by  means  of  mucilage.  Emulsions  have 
been  divided  into  the  true  and  oily,  and  into 
the  false  or  not  oily;  the  latter  being  composed 
of  resinous  substances,  balsams,  or  camphor, 
rubbed  up'  with  dilute  alcohol,  mucilage,  or 
yolk  of  egg. 

Emulsio  Aca'cim  Arab'ice,  Emulsio  Arab'- 

ica;  Gum  Ar'i  .     (Nuclcor  amygd. 

coram.  5j,  aqu  ilag.  acac.  ?ij.  sacch. 

giv.      While  beating  the  decorticated  almonds 

with  the  sugar  and   water,  add   the  mucilage. 

—  Ph.  E.)      Used  in  the  same  cases  as  the  last. 

_  Emulsio  Amyg'dalje,  l.ac  amyg'daJee,  Emul'- 

;!,x,  Amygdula'tum,  Mi&tu'ra  amygdalae, 

urn,  Almond  Emul- 

t  iCamondes.    (Amyg- 

pulv.  ^ss;  Sacchar.  gij; 

.Macerate   the  almonds 

in   water,  and  having    removed  their  external 

coat,  beat  them  with  the  gum  Arabic  and  sugar, 

in   a   marble   mortar,  till    they  are   thoroughly 

mixed:  then  rub  the  mixture  with  the  distilled 

gradually  added,  and  strain. — Ph.  U.  S.) 

It  is  used  as  a  diluent  and  demulcent. 

Emulsio  Antihysterica,  Mistura  asafcetidae 
— e.  Arabics,  Emulsio  a  :aciae  Arabics. 

Emulsio  Cam'phob^e,  E  Campkora'ta,  Mis- 
lu'ra  Ctmphoros;  Camphor  Emulsion.  (Cam- 
phurve  e»j  amygd.  com.  decortic,  sacch.  pur.,  via 
^iv,  iKjmc  %v'y—P/t.  E.)  A  convenient  form 
for  giving  camphor. 

Emulsio  Guai  icina,  Mistura  guaiaci — e.  Le- 
niens.  Looch  ex  ovo. 

Emulsio  O'lei  Amygdala'rum;  Emulsion  of 
Oil  (f  Almonds  {<)!.  amygd  gj.  gum  acac. 
pith.  gij,  syrup,  gi,  aqux  destill.  gtv.  Mix.)  A 
good  pectoral  or  cough  mixture. 

Emi  lsio  O'lei  Ric"ini;  Castor  Oil  Emulsion 
(01  ricini.  j|ss,  vitelli  ovi  q  s  ,  aqua  tlcstiliat. 
§j.)     An  aperient  rime 

Emi  i.sio  O'lei  Terebin'thjn«;  Emulsion  of 
Oilof  Tur'pentine.  (01.  tereb.  red.  gij.  sacch. 
alb.  gss,  vitell.  ori  j.  emuls.  amygd  vol  aqux 
destillat.  §vj.  Mix.)  In  rheumatic  and  nephri- 
tic affections.     Dose  giss. 

Emulsio  Olkoso,  Looch  ex  ovo. 

Emulsio  Purgans  cum  Jala'p2E  Rf.si'na, 
Purging  Emulsion  with  Resin  of  Jalap.    (Julapx 


EMULSIO  PURGANS,  &c. 


280 


ENCEPHALOCELE 


»r.  xij.  sacch.  alb.  gij.  Triturate  for  some 
time,  and  add  gradually  half  t lie  yolk  of  an 
egg:  continue  to  triturate,  adding  by  degrees 
emuls.  simp!,  sjv,  aq.flor.  aurant.  gij. — Ph   P.) 

Emulsio  Purgans  cum  Scammo'nio;  Purging 
Emulsion  toitb  Scam' mony.  It  is  prepared  like 
the  preceding,  substituting  only  scarnmony  for 
the  jalap. 

Emulsio  Simplex,  E.  amygdala. 

EMULSION,  Emulsio— e.  Almond,  Emulsio 
amygdala — e.  Camphor,  Emulsio  camphorac — e. 
Castor  oil,  Emulsio  olei  ricini — e.  Gum  Arabic, 
Emulsio  acaciae  Arabics— e.  Huiltusc,  Looch  ex 
ovo — e.  of  Oil  of  almonds,  Emulsio  olei  amyg- 
dalarum — e.  of  Oil  of  turpentine,  Emulsio  olei 
terebinthinaB — e.  Purging  with  resin  of  jalap, 
Emulsio  purgans  cum  jalapa?  resina— e.  Purg- 
ing, with  scarnmony,  Emulsio  purgans  cum 
scammonio. 

EMUL'SIVE,  Emvlsi'vus,  same  etymon.  An 
epithet  given  to  seeds  whence  oil  may  be  ex- 
tracted by  expression;  such  as  almonds,  apri- 
cots, peaches,  hemp,  rape,  melons,  gourds; 
those  of  the  nut  kind  and  cucurbitaceous  and 
cruciferous  plants  in  general. 

EMUNC'TORY,  Emuncto'rium,  from  emv.n- 
gere,  (e,  and  mungcre,)  'to  drain  off,  to  cleanse.' 
Emissa'rium,  (F.j  itmonctoire.,  Emissaire.  Any 
organ  whose  office  it  is  to  give  issue  to  mat- 
ters which  ought  to  be  excreted.  The  ancients 
believed  that  some  organs  were  more  particu- 
larly destined  to  serve  as  emunctories  of  others. 
The  nasal  fossee,'  for  example,  they  believed  to 
be  the  emunctories  of  the  brain. 

EMUNDANTIA,  Detergents. 

EMYS  PALUS'TRIS,  Salt  Water  TeSrapin. 
This  species  of  turtle  is  found  exclusively  in 
salt  or  brackish  waters,  near  the  sea  shore, 
along  the  whole  Atlantic  coast.  It  is  much 
prized  by  the  epicure,  and  is  nutritious  and 
tolerablv  easy  of  digestion  when  dressed  plain. 

ENADELPHIA,  Emboilement. 

EN^EMON,  Styptic. 

ENiEORE'MA,  from  sv,  'in,'  and  aiwQia, 
'I  lift  up,'  'that  which  hangs  or  floats  in.' 
The  Kepb'ele,  JYubes,  Sublimamen'tum,  Suspen'- 
sum,  Nebec'ula  or  cloud,  which  is  suspended  in 
the  urine,  as  it  cools. 

E IN  AM' EL  OF  THE  TEETH;  Den'tium 
JVilor,  Cortex,  Cortex  stria' la,  Substantia  jila- 
mentosa  of  Malpighi,  S.  adaman'tina  den'tium, 
Crusta  Den'tium  adaman'tina.  The  substance 
which  covers  the  coronnc  of  the  teeth,  and 
which  has,  also,  been  called  the  vitreous  sub- 
stance, Substantia  vit'rea,  (F.)  Substance  nitric 
ou  emaille,  Email  des  Dents.  The  enamel  is 
of  a  milky-white  colour,  and  sufficiently  hard  to 
strike  fire  with  steel.  Its  surface  is  very  smooth 
and  polished,  and  it  forms  a  thicker  layer  to- 
wards the  part  where  the  teeth  come  in  contact, 
and  becomes  thinner  towards  the  cervix.  The 
fibres  of  the  enamel  are  perpendicular  to  the 
surface  of  the  teeth,  on  the  ivory  of  which  they 
seem,  as  it  were,  planted.  This  gives  them  a 
velvety  appearance,  when  examined  by  the 
microscope.  The  enamel  has  no  blood-vessels, 
and  is  not  renewed  when  removed.  It  is  formed 
of  phosphate  of  lime,  and  a  very  small  portion 
of  animal  matter. 

ENANTHE'MA,  same  etymon  as  the  next. 
A  name  recently  given  to  certain  eruptions  of 
the  mucous  membrane,  as  exanthema  is  to  cer- 
tain eruptions  of  the  skin. 


ENANTHE'SIS,  from  a,  'in,'  and  av$em,«I 

flourish.'  Rush  txnn' them.  Eruption  of  red,  level 
or  nearly  level  patches,  variously  figured,  irre- 
gularly diffused,  often  confluent,  and  termi- 
nating in  cuticular  exfoliations.  A  genus  in  the 
order  Exanthematica,  class  Hxmatica  of  Cullen, 
including  scarlet  fever,  measles,  &c. 

Enanthesis  Rosalia,  Scarlatina— e.  Urtica- 
ria, Urticaria. 

ENANTIOPATHIC,  Palliative. 

ENARTHRO'SIS,  Jnarlicula'tio,  Ball  and 
Socket-joint,  from  tv,  'in,'  and  agSguoic,  'an  ar- 
ticulation.' A  kind  of  diarthrodial  articulation, 
in  which  the  head  of  a  bone  is  receiver!  into 
the  cavity  of  another,  and  can  be  moved  in  all 
directions.  The  joint  of  the  os  femoris  with  the 
os  innom'matum  is  one  of  this  character. 

ENAUSMA,  Fomites. 

ENCANTHIS,  from  si/, '  in,'  and  y.arSo?,  'the 
angle  of  the  eye.'  A  tumour,  formed  by  an  in- 
crease in  size,  or  a  degeneration  of  the  carun- 
cula  lachrymalis. 

Encanthis  Benig'na,  simple  excrescence  of 
the  caruncula,  commonly  yields  to  astringent 
collyria. 

Encanthis  Malig'na  has  often  a  cancerous 
character,  and  requires  extirpation  before  it  has 
attained  any  considerable  size. 

ENCARPOS,  Pregnant. 

ENCASING.  Emb'oilement. 

ENCATALEPSIS,  Catalepsy. 

ENCATH1SMA,  Semicupium.  With  the 
ancients  Encalhis'ma,  iyx.*yia-ua,  meant  a  va- 
pour bath  taken  sitting. 

ENCAU'MA,  from  sv, 'in,1  and  xavoi, 'I burn.' 
Epicau'mis,  Epicau'sis,  Encau'sis.  A  tumour 
produced  by  a  burn.  A  Burn.  Also,  an  ulcer 
of  the  transparent  cornea,  occasioning  the  loss 
of  the  humours. — Aetius,  Gorrseus. 

ENCAUS1S,  Burn,  Encauma,  Moxibustion. 

ENCAUSSE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Encausse  is  a  village  in  the  department  of 
the  Haute-Garonne,  which  possesses  several 
saline,  acidulous  springs. 

EXCAVURE,  Argema. 

ENCEIjYTE,  Pregnant. 

EJVCEJYS,  Juniperus  lycia. 

ENCEPHALALGIA,  Cephalalgia— e.  Hy 
dropica,  Hydrocephalus  internus. 

ENCEPHALIC,  EncephaFicus,  from  tv,  'in,' 
and  yitfuXvn  '  the  head.'  That  which  is  situate 
in  the  head.  A  name  given  to  several  parts 
which  relate  to  the  encephalon,  as  the  encepha- 
lic membranes,  muscles,  &c. 

ENCEPHALITIS:  same  etymon.  This  term 
has  been  used,  by  some  Nosoloo-ists,  synony- 
mously with  Cephalt'tis  and  Phreni'tis,  (q.  v.) 
By  others,  it  has  been  appropriated  to  inflam- 
mation of  the  brain,  in  contradistinction  to  that 
of  the  membranes. 

Encephalitis  Exsudatoria,  Hydrocephalus 
internus — e.  lnsolationis,  Coup-dc-soleil — e.  Po- 
tatorum. Delirium  tremens. 

ENCEPHALOCE'LE,  from  *Yx.s$alov,  <  the 
brain,'  and  xtjXt},  'a  tumour,'  Hernia  Cer'ebri, 
Fungus  Cerebri,  Hernia  of  the  Brain.  This  may 
be  a  congenital  or  accidental  affection.  In  the 
former  case,  it  is  dependent  upon  tardy  ossifi- 
cation of  the  fontanelles  or  some  faulty  confor- 
mation. In  the  latter,  it  is  owing  to  some  con- 
siderable loss  of  substance  in  the  parietcs  of  the 
cranium,  produced  by  fractures,  wounds  with  a 
cutting  instrument,  caries,  the  application  of 


ENCEPHALOH.EMIA 


231 


EXDESIS 


the  trephine,  &c.  In  slight  congenital  ence- 
phalocele,  gentle  pressure  may  be  exerted  upon 
the  protruded  portion.  When  the  disease  is  of 
considerable  extent,  it  is  fatal.  In  accidental 
enoepbalocele,  similar  means  must  be  us-ed  for 
confining  the  tumour,  and  preserving  it  from 
the  action  of  external  bodies. 

ENCEPHALCILE'MIA,  (F.)  Hyper  emie  du 
Cerveau,  Hypercmie  cerebrate,  Congestion  cere- 
hralc,  from  £y*E?a?.ci',  'the  brain,'  and  iip.ee, 
'  blood.'  Hyperemia  or  congestion  of  the  en- 
cephalon. 

ENCEPH'ALOID,  Enccphaloidcs,  from  ey- 
y.tyiXov,  'the  brain,'  and  stitg,  'resemblance.' 
Laennec  has  given  the  term  Enceph'aloid  or 
Cc/rbrifunu  matter  to  one  of  the  morbid  sub- 
stances commonly  formed  by  scirrhous  or  can- 
cerous tumours.  It  is  either  encysted,  in  irre- 
gular masses  without  cysts,  or  infiltered  into  the 
texture  of  the  diseased  organ.  This  name  was 
given  to  it  in  consequence  of  its  resemblance, 
when  fully  developed,  to  the  medullary  sub- 
stance of  the  brain.  It  is  also  called  Furious 
medulla'ris,  F.  Cancro'sus  medulla'ris,  Surco'ma 
medulla'rl,  Spongoid  inflammation.  Fungus  cere- 
bra'bs,  Cancer  cerebri  jar1  mc,  Cancer  mollis,  Tela 
accidenta'lis  medulla'ris.     See  (Jancer. 

Encefhaloid  TuMoun  ok  the  Lung,  Phthi- 
sis, cancerous. 

ENCEPHALOMALACIA,  Mollities  cerebri. 

ENCEPH'ALON,  Encepkalum,  properly  En- 
ccpk'alos,  lyxfoufog,  from  tv,  'in,'  and  xtipairj, 
'  the  head.'  That  which  is  situate  in  the  head. 
This  name  has  generally  been  given  to  the 
brain,  cerebellum,  and  mesocephalon.  At  times, 
it  includes  likewise  the  medulla  spinalis,  when 
it  is  also  called  the  Cer'ebro- spinal  axis. 

ENCEPHALOPATH1A  SATURNJNA, 
see  Encephalopathie  saturnine. 

EJYCJiPHALO  PATH  IE  CRJ1PULEUSE, 
Delirium  tremens. 

ENCEPHALOPATHIE  SATURNLYE,  En- 
cephalopathia  Saturhi'na,  from  lyzsqzXog,  '  the 
encephalon,'  ttuQoc,  '  disease,'  and  suturnus, 
'  lead.'  Encephalic  disorder  occasioned  by  the 
poison  of  lead. 

ENCEPHALOPYO'SIS,  from  tyKt9aXog,  'the 
brain,' and 57-yOv, 'pus.'  Aposle'macer'ebri.  Sup- 
puration of  the  brain. 

ENCEPHALOSEl'SIS,  Mollities  cerebri. 

ENCEPHALOSCOPIA,  Craniolocry. 

EtNCEPHALOSIS  OF  THE  LIVER,  Hipa- 
tosacomie. 

ENCEPHALOSISMUS,  Concussion  of  the 
brain. 

ENCEPHALOSTRUMOSIS,  see  Hydroce- 
phalus internus. 

ENCEROSIS,  Inceration. 

ENCHARAXIS,  Scarification. 

ENCHEIRE'SlS,  Enckei'ria,  from  ■>-,  and 
%t<&,  '  the  hand.'  Galen  uses  this  term  as  a  part 
of  the  title  to  one  of  his  works,  which  treats  of 
dissection.  It  means  the  manual  treatment  of 
any  subject. 

KM  HlFRkNEMENT,  Coryza. 

ENCHONDROMA,  Chondroma. 

ENCHORIOS,  Endemic. 

ENCHRISTON,  Liniment. 

ENOHYLOSIS,  Extraction. 

ENCHYMA,Infusum,  Plethora. 

ENCHYMO'MA,  Enchymc/sis,  from  tr,  and 
yyw,  'I  pour.'  By  the  ancients,  this  word  was 
used  to  designate  the  sudden  effusion  of  blood 
19 


into  the  cutaneous  vessels  which  arises  from 
joy,  anger,  or  shame;  in  the  last  instance  con- 
stituting blushing.  It  difiers  from  eechymosis 
in  ihere  being,  in  the  latter,  extravasation  of 
blood  into  the  cellular  texture,  and  its  being 
produced  by  an  exlernal  cause;  a  contusion,  for 
example. —  H  i  ppoc  rates. 

ENCHYS1S.  Infusion. 

ENCLAY&E,  Wedged. 

EXCLAVEMENT,  see  Wedged. 

ENGLXJME,  Incus. 

ENCLYDAS'TICOS,  intus  flucluans,  from 
tyKXvSutc/uai,  'to  float  in.'  Applied  to  liquids, 
e.  g.  to  serum,  pus,  &c,  contained  in  any 
cavitv. 

ENCLYSMA,  Clyster. 

ENCCE'LIA,  from  tv,  'in,' and  y.oiXta,  'the 
belly.'  The  abdominal  viscera.  The  entrails, 
(q.  v.) 

ENCCELIALGIA,  Tormina— e.  Inflammato- 
ria,  Enccclitis. 

ENCCELl'TIS,  Encalii'tis,  Enccrlial'gia  in- 
flammato'ria,  Influrnma'tio  abdotnina'lis,  from 
fyxoiXiu,  '  the  abdominal  contents,'  and  ids,  in- 
flammation. Inflammation  of  any  of  the  abdo- 
minal viscera. 

EJNCOLPlS'MUS,from*j',  'in,'  xoXnoc,  'the 
vagina.'  Injection  or  introduction  of  any  thing 
into  the  vagina. 

ENCOPE,  Diacope,  Incision. 

ENCRAMON,  Cerebellum. 

ENCRAN1S,  Cerebellum. 

ENCRE,  Atramentum. 

ENCYESIS,  Fecundation,  Pregnancy. 

ENCYMON,  Pregnancy. 

ENCYMOSIA,  Fecundation,  Pregnancy. 

ENCYSTED,  Cystide  obduc'tus.  Enclosed 
in  a  kyst  or  cyst;  from  tv,  'in,'  and  y.v<tti<;, 
'  bladder.'  (F.)  Enkyste.  An  epithet  given  to 
certain  tumours,  or  solid  or  fluid  collections 
enclosed  in  a  particular  envelope  or  cyst.  They 
are  movable,  and  often  elastic  to  the  touch. 

ENCYS'TIS,  Tumor  tunica'tus,  T.cys'tkus, 
Emphy'macncys'tis.  Same  etymon.  Lupia.  An 
encysted  tumour. 

E'NDEICTICOS,  Indicant. 

ENDEIXTS,  Indication. 

EiNDEM'lC,  Endem'ical,  Regional  lis  morbus, 
Endem'icus,  from  tv,  'in,'  and  S>,uog,  'the  peo- 
ple;' Encho'rios,  Vcrnadulns  mor'bus,  Ends'- 
mia,  Endemy.  A  disease  is  said  to  be  endemic 
when  it  arises  from  some  peculiarity  in  a  situ- 
ation or  locality.  Thus,  ague  is  endemic  in 
marshy  countries;  goitre  at  the  base  of  lofty 
mountains,  &c.  Some  authors  use  the  term  in 
the  same  sense  as  epidemic.  We  have  no  ac- 
curate knowledge  of  the  emanations  or  other 
circumstances,  which  give  occasion  to  endemic 
affections.  We  seem  to  know  that  some  ema- 
nation from  marshy  lands  does  produce  intermit- 
tent; but  we  are  ignorant  of  the  nature  of  such 
emanation. 

ENDEMY,  Endemic. 

ENDER'MIC,  Ender'micu*,  Emplas'tro-cn- 
dcr'mic,  from  tv,  'in,'  and  dcQpct,  'the  skin.-'  An 
epithet  given  to  the  method  of  treating  diseases 
by  placing  the  therapeutical  agent  in  contact 
with  the  skin,  especially  after  the  cuticle  has 
been  removed.  Morphia,  strychnia,  &c,  are 
often  administered  in  this  way. 

EN'DESIS,  from  fx.'in,'  and  <5f<->T  '  I  bind.' 
A  ligature,  Uandage,  connexion.  Hippocrates 
has  bo  termed  the  ankle-joint 


ENDIVE 


262 


ENERVATION 


ENDIVE,  Cichorium  endivia — e.  Wild,  Ci- 
chorium  intybus. 

ENDIVIA,  Cichorium  endivia. 

ENDO,from  irdov,  '  within.'  A  common  pre- 
fix, as  in  the  following  terms. 

ENDO-AORTITIS,  from  t-vhv,'  within,'  and 
aortitis,  '  inflammation  of  the  aorta.'  Inflamma- 
tion of  the  lining  membrane  of  the  aorta. 

ENDO-ARTERITIS,  see  Arteritis. 

ENDOCAR'DIAC,  Endocardial,  Endocardi'- 
act/s:  same  etymon  as  the  next.  Relating  to 
the  endocardium;  as  endocurdiac  sound  or  mur- 
mur. A  sound  produced  within  the  cavities  of 
the  heart,  in  contradistinction  to  exocardiac,  or 
exocardial  sounds  or  murmurs,  which  are  in- 
duced by  conditions  of  the  external  surface  of 
the  organ. 

ENDOCARDITIS,  Cardi'tis  interna,  from 
Endocardium,  the  lining  membrane  of  the  heart, 
and  itis,  inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the 
lining  membrane  of  the  heart.  In  this  disease, 
the  heart's  action  is  visibly  increased,  and  very 
manifest  to  the  touch  ;  the  hand  is  strongly  re- 
pelled, and,  at  moments,  is  sensible  of  a  trem- 
bling vibratory  motion.  Percussion  gives  a  dull 
sound  over  a  surface  of  several  inches,  owing, 
according  to  Bouillaud,  to  the  inflammatory  tur- 
gescence  of  the  heart,  and  the  engorged  state 
of  its  cavities.  On  auscultation,  a  bruit  dr. 
soiifflct  is  generally  heard,  masking  one  or  both 
sounds  of  the  heart;  and  the  ear  is  sensible  of 
a  metallic  ringing  with  each  systole  of  the  ven- 
tricle. The  pulsations  are  rapid  as  well  as 
strong,  and,  with  i'ew  exceptions,  irregular,  un- 
equal and  intermittent.  The  pulse,  by  the  way, 
does  not  always  indicate  the  force  or  number  of 
•  '.he  heart's  contractions. 

ENDOCAR'DIUM,  from  bvSov,  'within,'  and 
scaoSia,  '  the  heart.'  The  membrane  that  lines 
-he  interior  of  the  heart. 

JEJNDOOOLITIS,  Dysentery. 

ENDODONTTTIS,"  Odontitis,  Inflammation 
de  la  Pulpe  dcntaire,  Inflammation  of  the  Dental 
membrane,  from  eiJov,  'within,'  cj:vc,  'a  tooth,' 
and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation 
of  the  linincr  membrane  of  the  tooth. 

ENDO-ENTER1TIS,  see  Enteritis. 

ENDOGA  STRUTS,  Esogastri' lis ;  from 
eisJor,  '  within,'  and  gastritis,  (q.  v.)  '  inflamma- 
tion of  the  stomach.'  Inflammation  of  the  linino- 
membrane  of  the  stomach. 

END.OLYMPH,  Vitrine  auditive. 

ENDOMETRITIS,  from  EIcfw,  'within,' 
and  .-metritis,  'inflammation  of  the  uterus.'  In- 
flammation of  the  lining  membrane  of  the 
uterus. 

ENDONARTERITIS,  see  Arteritis. 

ENDOSIS,  Remission. 

ENDOSMOSE,  Imbibition,  (q.  v.,)  from  *,Je»<, 
"within,'  -and  aa-iiof,  'impulse.'  A  term  used 
by  .Du  troche  t,  to  express  the  action  by  which 
fluids  pass  through  organic  membranes.  This 
is  done  by  the  porosity  of  the  tissue,  in  the  same 
manner  as  it  is  effected  through  inorganic  sub- 
stances, as  through  fissured  glass.  The  rapidity 
with  which  it  is  accomplished  varies  according 
to  the  nature  of  the  septum  or  tissue  of  the 
penetratiug  body,  and  to  the  penetrability  of 
the  tissue. 

ENDOS'MOTIC,  Endosmot'icus;  same  ety- 
mon. Belonging  to  endosmose  : — as  an  endos- 
motic  current. 

ENDOSTElTIS,from  ev8ov,' within,'  oortcr, 


•a  bone,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.     In- 
flammation of  the  internal  periosteum. 

ENDUIT, -{F.)  from  induere,  'to  put  upon,' 
;to  put  on.'  A  coat,-  a  fur.  This  term  is  often 
applied  to  a  layer  of  greater  or  less  thickness, 
which  covers  the  surface  of  certain  organs, 
and  particularly  the  tongue  and  interior  of  the 
mouth.  The  enduit  is  designed  variously,  ac- 
cording to  its  appearance, — enduit  bilieux,jaune, 
blanc,  &c. — a  bilious,  yellow,  white  coat  or  fur, 
&c.  It  is  at  times  owing  to  the  evaporation  of 
the  watery  portions  of  a  secretion;  generally, 
to  both  causes  combined. 

ENDUIT  CHOR01D1EN,  see  Choroid. 

ENDURCISSEMENT,  Induration— e.  d;i 
Cerveau,  Sclerencephalia — e.  Rouge,  see  Hepa- 
tization— e.  du  Caw,  Cardiosc/erosie — e.  du 
Tissu  cellulaire, Induration  of  the  cellular  tissue. 

ENECHEMA.  Tinnitus  aurium. 

ENECIA  CAUMA,  Synocha— e.  Synochus 
Puerperarum,  see  Peritonitis. 

EN'EMA,  from  tvitjm,  (*»■,  and  iijfii,)  'to  in- 
ject.' An  Injection,  Clyster,  (q.  v.)  (F.)  Clijs- 
tire,  Lavement.  A  well  known  form  of  convey- 
ing medicine  into  the  body,  under  certain 
morbid  circumstances.     See  Clyster. 

Enema  Anod'vnum,  Enema  O'pii,-  An'odyne 
Clyster,  Starch  and  Opium  Clyster.  ( Gelat.  amyli 
Oss,  tinct. opii  gMO  vel  60.)  Exhibited  in  cases 
of  severe  diarrhoea  or  dysentery. 

Enema  Commu'kk;  Common  Clyster,  Domes'- 
tic  Clyster.  {Water  gruel  or  molasses  andicultr 
Oss  or  Oj :  add  a  little  oil  or  lard,  and  a  spoonful 
of  common  salt.)  Given  as  a  cathartic  enema; 
and,  without  the  common  salt,  as  an  emollient. 

Enema  Cathar'ticom;  Purging  Clyster. 
(flfannse  5J,  decoct,  chamaem.  comp.  gx.  olci  olio, 
5J.  sulph.  mugnes.  gss.     Ph.  D.) 

Enema  Fcet'idum,  Fetid  Clyster;  Mistu'ra 
asafcet'idce  pro  clys'malc,  Clysma  ton'icum  el 
antispasmod'icum  seu  m'citans  et  sedans,  (F.) 
Lavement  antispasmodique:  {The  lost  icitli  the 
addition  0/3'ij  of  the  tincture  of  asafmlida.  Ph. 
D.)  Given  as  an  antispasmodic  and  anodyne. 

Enema  Nicotia'w.e;  Tobac'co  Clyster.  This 
generally  consists  of  from  half  a  pint  to  a  pint 
of  the  Infusum  Tubaci.  It  is  employed  in  cases 
of  strangulated  hernia;  but  occasionally  acts 
as  a  fatal  poison  when  given  in  this  way.  The 
smoke  of  tobacco  is  sometimes  thrown  up  the 
rectum  to  produce  the  same  medicinal  effects 
as  the  infusion. 

Eh  em  a   Oi'ir,  E.  anodynum. 

Enema  Terf.bin'thinje;  Tur'pentine  Clyster. 
( 01.  tcrtb.  f.  giij,  gruel  Oss,  one  yolk  of  egg.  In- 
corporate the  turpentine  with  the  yolk,  then 
add  the  gruel.)  To  be  administered  in  cases  of 
ascarides,  (oxi/urcs.) 

EiNEPIDERM'lO,  Enepider1 minus,  from  tv, 
'in,'  c.ii,  ;upon,'  and  St^yn,  'the  skin.'  An 
epithet,  given  to  the  method  of  treating  dis- 
eases, which  consists  in  the  application  of  me- 
dicines; as  plasters,  blisters,  &c,  to  the  skin. 

ENEREIS1S,  Compression.     ' 

ENERGIA,  Action,  Force. 

ENVERGY,  Energi'a,  from  evsQyiio,  {er,  and 
egyor, 'action.') 'I act.'  Action.  Actincr  power. 
Also,  vigour;  as  the  'muscular  energy/  the 
'  brain  acts  u-ilh  energy.' 

ENERVATION,  Enerva'tio,  from  e,  'out  of,' 
and  nirvi,  -strength,'  The  act  of  weakening— 
the  state  of  being  weakened.     See  Debility  T 


ENFANCE 


2S3 


ENTERADENOLOGY 


EXFANCE,  Infancy. 

ENF.iNT}  Infans — e.  Legitime,  see  Legiti- 
mate. 

ENFLURE,  Swelling — e.  des  Jarnbcs  el  des 
classes  de  la  femmc  accouchcc,  Phlegmatia  do- 
lens. 

ENFORCEMENT  SCAPHOIDE,  Sea- 
phoides  fossa. 

ENGASTERION,  Laboratory. 
ENGASTRIM'YTHOS,  Englottogaster,  Gas- 
triV oquist,  Eu'rycks,  Eurych'tus,  from  tv,  '  in,' 
ycurrrjQ,  <  the  belly,'  and  /^vdicfxai,  '1  discourse.' 
A  Ventril' oquist.  (F.)  Vcnliiloque,  Gastriloque. 
One  who  possesses  the  art  of  modifying  his  na- 
tural voice,  so  that  it  seems  to  come  from  a 
greater  or  less  distance,  and  from  different  di- 
rections. It  was  formerly  believed,  that  such 
persons  spoke  from  their  belly;  hence  their 
name.  It  is  an  imitative  art,  and  is  called  Ven- 
triloquism. 

ENGELURE,  Chilblain. 
ENGHIEN  MONTMORENCY,  MINERAL 
WATERS  OF.  A  hydrosulphurous  water  four 
leagues  from  Paris,  near  Montmorency,  which 
is  possessed  of  some  celebrity.  It  contains 
chloride  of  sodium,  chloride  of  magnesium,  sul- 
phate of  magnesia,  sulphate  of  lime,  carbonate 
of  magnesia,  carbonate  of  lime,  silica,  sulpho- 
hydrate  of  lime  and  magnesia,  sulphohydric 
acid,  carbonic  acid  and  azote. 

ENGISO'MA,  Engho'ma,  from  syyiLW,  'I 
approximate.'  (F.)  Embariure..  A  species  of 
fracture  of  the  skull,  in  which  a  splinter 
passes  beneath  the  sound  portion  of  the  bone, 
and  compresses  the  brain. — Galen.  Also,  a 
kind  of  instrument  used  in  fractures  of  the 
clavicle. 

ENGLISH  DISEASE,  Rachitis. 
ENGLOTTOGASTOR,  Engastrimythos. 
ENGOMPHOS1S,  Gomphosis. 
ENGORGEMENT,  from  en,  'in,'  and  gorge, 
'  the  throat.'     An  obstruction  occurring  in  the 
vessels  of  a  part,  giving  rise  to  augmentation 
of  volume.     A  congestion,  (q.  v.) 

ENGORGEMENT  DES  MEMBRES  AB- 
DOMINAUX  A  LA  SUITE  DES  COUCHES, 
Phlegmatia  dolens — c.  Hepatic,  Ilepalolieemia — 
r.  Laiteux  des  membres  abduminanx,  Phlegmatia 
dolens. 

ENGOUEMENT,  (F.)  Obstruc'tio,  Tne/tia, 
from  u/igere,  'to  choke.'  Accumulation,  in  a 
hollow  organ,  of  the  matters  secreted  by  it  or 
carried  to  it.  There  is  said  to  be  Engagement 
dts  branches,  when  the  mucus  accumulates 
there;  and  Engauement  des  intestins,  when  the 
matters  which  ought  to  pass  through  them  are 
detained;  as  in  a  case  of  strangulated  hernia. 
Enguuement  des  poumons,  E.  of  the  lungs,  in 
Pathological  Anatomy,  signifies  that  state  of 
the  lungs,  in  which  a  mixture  of  air  and  thin 
fluid  escapes  from  them  when  cut  into. 

EM  G  0  URDISSEMENT,  Torpor. 

ENGRENURE,  Suture. 

ENKYSTA,  Encysted. 

ENK YSTEMENT,  Chatonnement. 

ENNEAt'HAR'MACOS,  from  una,  'nine,' 
and  qxxQfatxcv,  '  a  medicine.'  A  medicine,  com- 
posed of  nine  simple  ingredients.  A  pessary, 
so  formed. — Galen,  Paulus.  An  Antid'otus  He- 
racli'dis,  described  by  Galen,  and  some  plasters 
by  Aetius  and  Celsus  are,  likewise,  termed 
Enncapharmaca. — Gorraeus. 


ENOR'MON,  ivoouwv,  from  tv, '  in,'  and  oQuaw-, 
'  1  rouse,'  '  excite.'  A  word  used  by  Hippocrates 
in  the  same  sense  as  vita/principle  is  by  modern 
physiologists. 

ENOSIS,  Insertion. 

ENRHYTH'MOS,  from  tr,  and  gvfyes,  'num- 
ber.' Having  rhythm.  An  epithet,  applied  to 
the  pulse  when  its  pulsations  occur  with  some 
degree  of  order.  It  is  opposed  to  Aryth'mos. 
It  differs  from  Eurhytkmos,  which  signifies 
'regular.' 

ENROUEMENT,  Raucedo. 
ENS.  A  being.  Paracelsus  meant,  by  this 
term,  the  power  exerted  by  certain  beings  on 
our  body.  He  speaks  of  the  Ens  Dei,  the  Ens 
Astro'rum,  the  Ens  natura'le,  the  Ens  virlu'tis, 
Ens  morbo'rum,  Ens  de  poten'tibus  spirit'ibus, 
&c.  These  absurd  denominations  suggested 
to  some  of  the  ancient  chymists  a  name  for 
certain  chemical  preparations.  The  muriate 
of  ammonia  and  iron  was  called  Ens  martis.; 
the  muriate  of  ammonia  and  copper,  Ens  ve- 
neris,- and  Ens  primum  was,  with  the  alchy- 
mists  the  name  of  a  tincture  which  they  con- 
sidered possessed  of  the  power  of  transmuting 
metals. 

Ens  Martis,  Ferrum  ammoniatum — e.  Vene- 
ris Boylei,  Ferrum  ammoniatum. 

EN'SIFORM,  Ensifo/mis,  from  ensis,  'a 
sword,'  and  forma,  'form.'     Sword-like. 

Ensiform  Apofh'yses  or  Proc"essf,s,  are 
the  lesser  aloe  of  the  sphenoid  bone. 

Ensiform  Appen'dix  or  Cau'tilage,  is  the 
xiphoid  appendix  of  the  sternum,  &c.  See 
Xiphoid. 

Ensiformis,  Xiphoid. 

EN  SI-STERNAL.    Relating  to  the  ensiform  , 
process  of  the   sternum.      Beclard    gave   this 
name  to  the  last  osseous  portion  of  the  sternum. 
He  also  called  it  I'os  ultimi- sternal.   See  Ultimo- 
sternal. 

ENSOMATOSIS,  Incorporation. 
ENSTALAX'IS,  Instilla'tio,  Instillation,  (q. 
v.)     The  act  of  pourincr  by  drops. 
ENTABLEMENT,  Depression. 
ENTAILLE,  (F.)  from  en,  'in,'  and  tailier, 
•'  to  cut.'     Excis'io,  Ec'r.ope,  Ec'tome.     A  deep 
wound  made  by  a  sharp   instrument  obliquely. 
Entaillcs  and  Tailludes,  are,  also,  used  to  desig- 
nate deep  scarifications,  made  for  the  purpose 
of  producing  a  speedy  degorgement  of  any  tume- 
fied part;  such,  e.  g.,  as  are  made  in  the  tono-ue 
in  certain  cases  of  glossitis. 

ENTASIA,  Tonic  spasm — e.  Articularis,  Con- 
tractura— e.  Loxia,  Torticollis — e.  Priapismus, 
Priapismus — e.  Systremma,  Cramp — e.  Teta- 
nus, Tetanus — e.  Tetanus  anticus,  Emprosthot- 
onos — e.  Trismus,  Trismus. 

ENTAT'ICOS,  lntensi'vus,  from  evxtivm,  'I 
make  tense.'      A  medicine  which  excites  the 
venereal  appetite. 
ENTEL1PATHIA,  Nymphomania. 
ENTELMINTHA,  Worms. 
ENTENDEMENT,  Intellect. 
ENTERADE'NES,   from  mtpov,  <  an  intes- 
tine,' and  oc^/i',  'a  gland.'     The  mucous  glands 
of  the  intestines.     See  Peyeri  glandulse. 

ENTERADENOG'RAP'HY,  Enter  adenogra'- 
phia,  from  Bvrspov,  'intestine,'  a5>p>,  'gland,' 
and  -yQafpt],  '  a  description.'  A  description  of 
the  intestinal  glands. 

ENTERADENOL'OGY,  Entermlenohg"ia, 
from  tvTfpot,  'intestine,'  ac^,r,  'gland,'  and  hoytq, 


ENTERALGIA 


2d4 


ENTERO-MEROCELE 


'a  treatise.'    That  part  of  anatomy  which  treats 
of  the  intestinal  glands. 

ENTERA17G1A,  from  trrwov,  'intestine,' 
and  aXyog,  'pain.'  Pain  in  the  intestines.  Colic 
(q.  V.) 

Enteralgia  Acuta,  Enteritis — e.  Inflamma- 
toria,  Enteritis — e.  Saturnina,  Colica  metallica. 

ENTERANGIEMPHRAXTS,  from  evrtoov, 
'  intestine,'  ay/w,  '  1  strangle,'  and  ipQoaoom, 
'I  obstruct.'  Obstruction  of  the  intestines  by 
strangulation  or  otherwise. — Ploucquet. 

ENTERATROPH'IA,  Atroph'ia  Intestino'rum, 
from  srrspov,  'intestine,'  and  atrophia,  'want  of 
nutrition.'  Atrophy  of  the  coats  of  the  intes- 
tines. 

ENTEREC'TASIS,  Diluta'tio  lntestino'rum, 
from  evrcpov,  'intestine,'  and  txravig,  'dilatation.' 
Dilatation  of  the  intestines. 

ENTERELE'SIA,  from  tvjeqov,  'intestine,' 
and  tXeiv,  tilnv,  '  to  fold.'  Invagination  or 
strangulation  of  the  intestines — Alibert. 

ENTEREMFHRAXTS,  Infarc'tus  lntestino'- 
rum, Incarcera'tio  lntestino'rum  interna,  (F.) 
Etranglement  des  Intestins,  from  iviiqov,  '  in- 
testine,' and  itKpoa^ig,  'obstruction.'  Obstruc- 
tion of  the  Intestines  from  accumulation  of  faeces 
or  otherwise. 

ENTEREN'CHYTA,  from  minor,  'an  intes- 
tine,' iv,  '  in,'  and  ytw,  '  1  pour.'  Any  surgical 
instrument  for  administering  injections. — Scul- 
tetus. 

ENTERHYPERTROPH'IA,  Hypertroph'ia 
intestino'rum,  from  tvnpov, '  intestine,'  and  hyper- 
trophia,  '  excessive  nutrition.'  Hypertrophy  of 
the  coats  of  the  intestines. 

ENTER'ICA,  from  tvxtfov,  'an  intestine.' 
Diseases  affecting  the  alimentary  canal.  Or- 
der I,  Class  I,  (Cceliaca.)  of  Good. 

ENTERITE  FOLUCULEUSE,  see  Ty- 
phus—e.  Ti/phohemiqne,  Typhoid  fever. 

ENTERITIS,  from  ivrtrov,  'an  intestine,' 
and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation 
of  the  intestines.  Empres'ma  Enteritis,  lntesti- 
no'rum inflamma'tio,  lleo-CoU'tis,  Chordap'sus, 
Cauma  Enteritis,  Enierophhg"  ia,  Co'lica  acuta, 
C.  infiammatoria,  ll'eus  injlammato'rius,  En- 
teral'gia  acuta,  E.  Inflammatu'ria,  Febris  intesti- 
no'rum, F.  ill'aca  inflammatu'ria.,  Enteropyr'ia, 
(F.)  Entirite,  Inflammation  des  Intestins.  The 
essential  symptoms  of  this  disease  are: — vio- 
lent abdominal  pain  increased  on  pressure; 
with  vomiting  and  inflammatory  fever.  Ente- 
ritis may  affect  both  the  peritoneal  and  the 
mucous  coat  of  the  intestines;  and  in  violent 
cases,  all  the  coats  may  be  implicated.  The 
structure  of  the  mucous  and  peritoneal  coats 
is  different;  so  are  their  functions  in  health 
and  disease.  The  inflammation  of  the  serous 
coat,  Sero- enteritis,  resembles  that  of  the  cellu- 
lar membrane:  the  inflammation  of  the  mucous 
coat  that  of  the  skin.  The  former  is  usually, 
therefore,  of  a  more  active  character.  Inflam- 
mation of  the  mucous  coat,  Eso-cnteri'tis,  En- 
do-enteri'tis,  Mucotnteri'tis,  Mucous  Enteritis, 
Phlegmymcni'iis  enter' tea,  is  generally  attended 
with  diarrhcea,  and  its  pathology  is  identical 
with  that  of  Dysentery,  which  see.  Inflamma- 
tion of  the  peritoneal  coat  is,  on  the  other  hand, 
generally  attended  with  constipation.  Ente- 
ritis of  the  peritoneal  coat,  for  such  usually  is 
the  meaning  of  the  word  in  the  abstract,  requires 
the  most  active  treatment.  Copious  bleeding, 
followed  up  by  a  large  dose  of  opium— and  if  the 


symptoms  be  not  decidedly  ameliorates,  re- 
peating the  bleeding  and  opium — warm  fomen- 
tations, and  blisters  are  the  chief  agents  to  be 
relied  upon.  Purgatives  ought  not  to  be  ex- 
hibited until  the  inflammation  and  spasm  are 
abated  by  the  use  of  the  bleeding  and  opium. 
When  the  physician  is  called  early,  this  plan 
will  usually  succeed.  Sometimes,  Enteritis 
passes  into  a  chronic  state,  requiring  much 
careful  management.  Broussais  considered  in- 
flammation of  the  mucous  coat  of  the  stomach 
and  intestines  as  the  proximate  cause  of  the 
phenomena  of  fever. 

Entkritis  Colica,  Colitis — e.  Epiploitis,Epi- 
ploitis — e.  Follicular,  Typhoid  fever — e.  Rle- 
senterica,  Mesenteritis — e.  Mucous,  see  En- 
teritis. 

ENTERO,  from  tvrtpov,  'an  intestine.'  In 
compound  words  signifies  intestine,  as  in  the 
following: 

ENTEROBRO'SIS,  Enter on hex 'is,  Perfora'- 
tio  Intestino'rum,  (F.)  Perforation  des  Intestins,- 
from  £iT£ooj, 'an  intestine,'  and  ^oi^if,  'the  act 
of  gnawing.'     Perforation  of  the  intestines. 

ENTEROCE'LE,  Hernia  intestina'lis,  from 
tvrie,or,  'an  intestine,'  and  x.rtXn,  'a  hernia,' 
'tumour.'  Abdominal  hernise  are  so  called, 
which  contain  only  a  portion  of  the  intestine. 

ENTEROCYSTOCE'LE,  from  n-noov,  'an 
intestine,'  kuttii;,  'a  bladder,'  and  mjAij,  'a  tu- 
mour.' Hernia  formed  by  the  bladder  and  a 
portion  of  intestine. 

ENTERODOTH1ENIA,  Dothinenteritis. 

ENTERO-EPIPLOCE'LE,  from  nrtqov,  'in- 
testine,' iviTrXoor,  'the  omentum,'  and  mXtj, 
'  tumour.'  Hernia,  formed  by  intestine  and 
omentum. 

ENTERO  EPIPLOM'PHALUS,  from  tvu- 
ncv,  'intestine,'  j.tctaosv,  'the  omentum,'  and 
ofiyaKtg,  '  the  umbilicus.'  Umbilical  hernia, 
containing  intestine  and  omentum.  Almost 
all  umbilical  hernias  are  of  this  kind. 

ENTEROG'RAPHY,  Enterogra'phia,  from 
erTiQor,  'intestine,'  and  yoaipr,,  'description.' 
The  part  of  anatomy  which  describes  the  in- 
testines. 

ENTERO-H^EMORRHAGIA,  Hcemalocbe- 

ENTERO-HYDRCCE'LE,  from  s»r^or,  'in- 
testine,' 'vduio,  '  water,'  and  xtjkij,  'tumour.'  In- 
testinal hernia  complicated  with  hydrocele. 

ENTERO-HYDROM'PHALUS,  from  f*u- 
Qor,  '  intestine,' 'uJV>g, '  water,' and  o.u^u^.oc,  'the 
navel.'  Umbilical  hernia,  in  which  the  sac 
contains,  along  with  a  portion  of  intestine,  a 
quantity  of  serum. 

ENTERO-ISCHIOCE'LE.  from  irrtoiv,  'in- 
testine,' tr/ur,  '  ischium,' and  kjjA>;,  'tumour.' 
Ischial' ic  hernia,  formed  of  intestine. 

ENTEROLITHUS,  Calculi  of  the  stomach 
and  intestines — e.Bezoardus,  Bezoar — e.Scyba- 
lum.  Scybala. 

ENTEROL'OGY,  Enterohg"ia,  from  £m- 
pov,  'intestine,'  and  \oyoc,  'a  discourse.'  The 
part  of  anatomy  which  treats  of  the  intestines. 

ENTEROMALA'CIA,  Enteromalax'ia,  (F  ) 
Ramollissement  de  Ulntestin,-  from  tt>rtfov,  'an 
intestine,'  and  ^«\«<7aio,  'I  soften.'  Softening 
of  the  mucous  or  other  coats  of  the  intestine. 

ENTEROMALAXIA,  Enteromalacia. 

ENTERO  MEROCE'LE,  from  wrtoov,  'in- 
testine,' /uyjQog,  '  the  thigh,'  and  xijXt],  'tumour.' 
Crural  hernia,  formed  of  intestine. 


ENTERO-MESENTERIC 


285 


ENURESIS 


ENTER  O-MESENTER'IC,  Febris  entero- 
mesenterial.  Messrs.  Petit  and  Serres  have 
given  this  name  to  a  species  of  adynamic  fever 
or  typhus,  in  which  the  intestines  are  ulcerated, 
with  enlargement  of  the  corresponding  mesen- 
teric glands.    See  Typhus. 

EJfT£RO-M£SENT&RlTE,  Tabes  mesen- 
terica— e.  Misenterite  typhoid e,  see  Typhus. 

ENTEROMOR'PHIA  COMPRES'SA.  One 
of  the  Algcc,  used  by  the  Sandwich  Islanders 
as  an  esculent. 

_  ENTEROM'PHALUS,  from  evreeov,  ' intes- 
tine,'  and  ofAipxXog,  'umbilicus.'  Umbilical  her- 
nia, formed  of  intestine. 

ENTERON,  Intestine. 

ENTEROPATHl'A,  Enteropathy;  from  err  e- 
c/.y,  '  intestine,'  and  nu&og,  'disease.'  Disease 
of  the  intestines  in  general. 

Enteropathi'a  Cancero'sa,  Enlcrostcno'sis 
organ'  ica,  Enlerosurco'  miu,  Indura'tio  seu  Scirrhus 
seu  Cancer  Intestine' rum,  (F.)  Cancer  des  Intes- 
tins.     Cancer  of  the  intestines. 

ENTEROPERIS'TOLE,  from  tvTtpv,  'in- 
testine,' and  TrtoiaxtXXwf  'I  conceal,'  'I  enve- 
lop.' Constriction  or  obstruction  of  the  intes- 
tines, from  a  cause  which  acts  either  within 
the  abdomen  or  without  it,  as  in  strangulated 
hernia. 

ENTEROPHLOGIA,  Enteritis. 

EiNTEROPYRIA,  Enteritis.  Also,  entero- 
mesenteric  fever. —  Alibert. 

EiNTERORRHAGIA  SIMPLEX,  Hamato- 
chezia.  _ 

ENTERORRA'PHIAorENTEROR'RAPHE, 
from  tvrtQov,  'intestine,'  and  gu<pf/,  'a  suture.' 
Suture  of  the  intestines,  for  the  relief  of  inju- 
lies  done  to  them. 

ENTERORRH  EXIS,  Enterobrosis. 

ENTERORRIICEA,  Diarrhoea. 

ENTEROSARCOOE'LE,  from  svregov,  'in- 
testine,' aa^,  'flesh,'  and  tLvHrj,  'a  tumour.' 
Intestinal  hernia,  complicated  with  fleshy  ex- 
crescence, or  rather  sarcocele. 

EMTEROSAECOMIA,  Enteropathia  cance- 
rosa. 

ENTEROSCHEOCE'LE,  from  nngor,  'an 
intestine,'  o^-^ior,  '  the  scrotum,'  and  KtJ.t],  'tu- 
mour.'    Scrotal  hernia  consisting  of  intestine. 

ENTERO'SES,  from  evregor,  'an  intestine.' 
A  class  of  diseases,  comprehending  all  those 
that  are  seated  in  the  intestines. — Alibert 

ENTE RESTENOSIS  ORGANICA,  Entero- 
pathia cancerosa. 

EJVTEROTOME,  Enterot'omus,  from  tvnqov, 
'intestine,'  and  ti/aiu,  'I  cut.'  A  name  given 
bjr  J.  Cloquet  to  an  instrument  for  promptly 
opening  the  intestinal  canal  through  its  whole 
extent.  Itconsistsof  a  pnir  of  scissors, one  blade 
,  of  which  is  much  longer  than  the  other,  and 
rounded  at  its  extremity.  This  is  passed  into 
the  intestine. 

ENTEROTOM'IA:  same  etymon.  In  ana- 
tomy, it  signifies  dissection  of  the  intestines. 
In  surgery,  it  means  an  operation,  little  used, 
which  consists  in  opening  the  intestine,  in  order 
to  evacuate  the  fascal  matters  accumulated  in  it, 
e.  g.  in  certain  cases  of  hernia, accompanied  with 
contraction  of  the  intestinal  canal ;  in  operations 
for  an  artificial  anus,perfoi  med  on  the  new-born, 
where  the  rectum  is  imperforate  or  pot  exist- 
in"-.  &c. 

ENTEROZOA,  Worms. 

ENTHELMINTIIES,  Worms. 


ENTHEOMANIA,  Demonomania. 

ENTH'LASIS,  Esphlasis,  from  ev,  'in,'  and 
S\lco,  'I  break.'  A  fracture  of  the  cranium 
with  comminution,  in  which  the  bone  is  de- 
pressed or  has  lost  its  level. 

Enthlasis  Cranii,  Effractura  cranii. 

ENTONIA,  Tension,  Tonic  spasm. 

ENTONIC,  Enlon'icus;  from  ev,  denoting 
excess;  and  rovo?,  'tone.'  Having  great  tension 
or  exaggerated  action. 

ENTOjYJVOIR,  Calix,  Infundibulum— e.  du 
Venlricule  Moyen  du  Cerveau,  Infundibulum  of 
the  brain. 

EJVTORSE,  Sprain. 

ENTOXICISMUS,  Poisoning. 

ENTOX1SMUS,  Poisoning. 

ENTOZOA,  Worms. 

EjYTOZOAIRES,  Worms. 

ENTOZOARIA,  Worms. 

ENTOZOOGENES1S,  Helminthiasis. 

ENTOZOON  FOLLICULORUM,  Acarus 
Follicnlorum. 

EJVTRAILLES,  Entrails. 

EN'TRAILS,  Splanchna,  Encm'lia,  Vis'cera, 
from  enter  alia,  a  word  of  bad  Latin  coming 
from  errtQov,  '  intestine.'  It  is  used  for  the  vis- 
cera enclosed  in  the  splanchnic  cavities,  and 
especially  for  those  in  the  abdomen;  Bowels, 
Guts.     (F.)  Entrailles,  Visceres. 

EATRE  FESSOJY,  Chafing. 

ENTRICO'MA,  from  tv,  'in,'  and  TQi-/aua, 
'  hair.'  The  tarsal  cartilage,  and  the  edge  of 
the  eyelids,  in  which  the  cilia  are  implanted. 

ENTROPION,  from  ev,  'in,'  and  <resar«,  'I 
turn.'  Inver'siu  palpebrarum,  CapilW'tium,  Tri- 
chiasis, Introsuscep  tio  enlropium,  Blepharelo'sis, 
Blepluiropto'sis  enlropium,  Tri'cliia,  Tricho'sis, 
A  name  given  to  the  inversion  or  turning  in- 
wards of  the  eyelids,  sa  that  the  eyelashes  are 
directed  towards  the  globe  of  the  eye;  irritate 
and  inflame  it,  and  give  rise  to  the  affection 
called  Tiichiasis. 

The  contact  of  the  hair  with  the  surface  of 
the  eye  occasions  considerable  irritation  of  the 
conjunctiva,  which  is  soon  followed  bv  che- 
mosis,  ulceration  of  the  eye,  and  other  symp- 
toms, such  as  fevei1,  watchfulness,  &c. 

If  the  disease  be  entropion,  as  above  defined, 
that  is,  dependent  upon  the  inversion  of  the 
eyelids,  it  must  be  remedied, — either  by  dis- 
persing the  oedema  or  swelling  of  the  eyelids, 
or  by  cutting  out  a  portion  of  the  skin.  When 
the  disease  is  dependent  upon  a  vicious  direc- 
tion of  the  cilia,  they  must  be  plucked  out  and 
the  bulbs  be  cauterized. 

ENTYPOSIS.see  Glene. 

ENUCLEATION,  Enuclea'tio,  from  enu- 
cleare,  (c,  and  nucleus,)  '  to  take  out  a  kernel.' 
This  term  has  been  proposed  for  the  operation 
of  removing  tumours,  &c.  without  cutting 
into  them. —  Percy. 

The  word  is  used  in  Pharmacy,  for  the  ope- 
ration of  shelling  or  removing  the  kernels  of 
the  almond  or  of  any  nut. 

ENULA  CAMPANA,  Inula  Helenium. 

ENU'LON,  from  ev,  'in,'  and  ovXov,  'the 
gum.'  The  inner  part  of  the  gums.  The  ex- 
ternal part  was  called  ovkov,  and  that  between 
the  teeth  aouog.' — Pollux. 

ENURE'SIS,  from  tvauQew,  (ev  and  ouctu>,y 
'  I  void  the  urine  in  bed.'  Faru'ria  incon'tinens, 
Incontinen'tia  uri'nee,  Excre'tio  Vrina  involuuta!- 
ria,  Mic'tio  involunta'ria,  E.  inopportu'na,  Ura- 


ENVIE 


286 


EPIALOS" 


cra'sia,  Urorrhm'a,  Perirrka'a,  Stranguria  (Ga- 
len,) Hyperure'sis,  Diam'nes,  Involuntary  dis- 
Charge  of  urine,  Incontinence  of  urine.  This 
affection  is  most  common  in  advanced  life.  It 
may  depend  on  too  great  irritability  of  the  blad- 
der, or  on  distention,  or  injury  of  the  fibres 
about  its  neck,  paralysis  of  the  organ,  the  pre- 
sence of  an  irregularly  shaped  calculus  im- 
pacted in  the  urethra  near  its  commencement; 
rupture  of  the  bladder  and  urethra;  renal  dis- 
ease; or  on  pressure  exerted  on  the  bladder  by 
the  distended  womb  cr  by  some  tumour.  It 
often  occurs  after  difficult  labour,  but  generally 
yields,  in  the  course  of  a  week  or  ten  days;  the 
catheter  being  introduced  twice  a  day  in  the 
mean  time. 

The  treatment  must  of  course  vary  according 
to  the  cause;  and  when  the  affection,  on  which 
it  is  dependent,  cannot  be  removed,  the  dis- 
charge  of  urine  may  be  prevented  by  exerting 
a  degree  of  compression  on  the  urethra,  by 
means  of  appropriate  instruments;  or  a  urinal 
may  be  employed  to  receive  the  urine  as  it 
passes  off. 

EjYVIE,  Hangnail,  Malacia,  JNedvus — e.  de 
Vomir,  Nausea. 

EN  YPN  ION,  Somnium. 

ENYSTRON,  Abomasus. 

ENZOOTIA,  Enzooty. 

EN ZOOTY ,Enzoot'ia,  (F.)  Enzootic, from  ev, 
'in,'  and  lcdov,  'animal.'  An  endemic  disease 
attacking  animals. 

EP,  EPH,  EPI.  itt,  «</),  tm,  'upon,  above;'  in 
composition,  generally  means,  'augmentation, 
addition,  increase,  reciprocal  action,  repetition.' 
Hence: 

EPACMAS'TICOS,  from  tm,  and  axfiatot,  <I 
increase.'  An  epithet  applied  to  fevers,  Febres 
epacmas'ticse,  whose  symptoms  go  on  augment- 
ing in  violence,  from  the  commencement  to 
the  termination.  Such  fevers  are,  also,  called 
Epnnadidontes. 

EPAGOGIUM,  Prepuce. 

EPANADIPLOS1S,  Anadiplosis. 

EPANALEPSIS,  Anadiplosis. 

EPANASTASIS,  Pustule. 

JlPAJYCHEMFXT,  Effusion. 

EPANETUS  HECTICA,  Hectic  fever— e. 
Malignus  flavus,  Fever,  yellow — e.  Mitis,  Re- 
mittent fever. 

EPAPHiE'RESIS,  from  tna<paioim,  'I  take 
away.'  Rcpeli'ta  subla'tio  vrel  evacua'tio.  A  re- 
pealed abstraction  or  evacuation.  It  was  for- 
merly used  synonymously  with  repealed  blood- 
letting;  Phleltotom'ia  itera'ta, — Galen. 

EPAPHRISMOS,  Despumation. 

EPARMA,  Tumour. 

EPARSIS,  Tumour. 

JiPAULE,  Humerus. 

EPENCRANIS,  Cerebellum. 

EPENDYMA,  Membrane. 

itPERON,  Hippocampus  minor — e.  des  Ar- 
iercs.  Spur. 

&PERVIER,  Accipiter. 

EPERVlERE  DES  MURAILLES,  Hiera- 
cium  murdrum. 

EPHEB-^'ON,  from  in,,  'upon,'  and  ^fa, 
'pubes.'  The  parts  of  generation:  also,  the  re- 
gion of  the  pubes,  as  well  as  the  hair  upon  the 
pubes.  It  was  likewise  a  part  of  the  ancient 
gymnasium  in  which  the  rhetoricians,  philoso- 
phers, &c  disputed. 

EPHE13EUM,  Mons  veneris. 


EPHE'BIA,  Ephebl'a,  Puhertas.  Same  ety- 
mon.    The  age  of  puberty,  (q.  v.) 

EPHEBOSYNE,  Puberty. 

EPHEBOTES,  Puberty. 

EPHE'BUS,  Pubens,  Puber,  (F.)  Puhbe, 
Eplitbe.  One  who  has  attained  tire  age  of  pu- 
berty. 

EPHEDRANA.Nates. 

EPHEL'CIS,  from  eti,  'upon,'  and  'ea>;oj; 
'an  ulcer.'     The  crust  of  an  nicer. 

&PHHUDE  SCORBUTJQUE,  Chloasma. 

EPHE'LIDES,  from  em,  '  upon,'  and  'jjxiof, 
'  the  sun.'  Epicla-o'sis,  Madula  sola' r is,  Epht'- 
lis  lentic'ula,  Vitilig"ines,  Pkaci,  P'annvs  lenti* 
cula'ris,  Lenlic'ula,  Lenti'go,  Ephelis  Lenh'go, 
Ephelis  a  sole,  Nigredo  a  sole,  Spilo'sis  ephelis, 
JEstultes,  Effila,  Freckles,  Sunburn.  (F.)  Jacket 
de  roussure,  Hale.  This  term  includes,  not  only 
the  yellow  lentigines,  which  appear  on  persons 
of  fair  skin,  and  the  larger  brown  patches,  which 
also  arise  from  exposure  to  the  direct  rays  of 
the  sun,  but  also  those  large  dusky  patches 
which  are  very  similar  in  appearance,  but  oc- 
cur on  other  parts  of  the  surface,  that  are  con- 
stantly covered.  See  Chloasma.  They  do  not 
extend  farther  than  the  skin.  Many  cosmetics 
have  been  recommended  for  their  removal. 
Simple  spirituous  lotions  or  weak  mineral  acids, 
applied  a  few  times  in  the  day,  are  as  effectual 
as  any  other  means. 

Ephelis  Lentigo,  Ephelides — c.cSjZe,Ephe- 
lides. 

EPHE'MERA,  Dia'ria,  from  ssri,  'during-,7 
and  'n/utgtt,  'a  day.7  That  which  continues  a 
day.  This  epithet  is  given  to  diseases,  and  par- 
ticularly to  fevers,  which  last  only  a  day.  Fff- 
bris  dia'ria,  Epliemerop'yra,  Ftbris  simplex,  I . 
Ephe' mtra.  The  term  prolonged  cpliem'cra  is 
sometimes  used  for  fevers,  which  cease  after 
two  or  three  days'  duration. 

Ephemera  Anglica  Pestit.ens,  Sudor  anglr- 
cus — e.Britannica,  Sudor  Anglicus — e.  Maligna, 
Sudor  Ano-licus — e.  Sudatoria,  Sudor  Anglicus. 

EPHEMEROPYRA.  Ephemera. 

EPHEMERUS,  Quotidian. 

EFHIALTES  HYPOCHONDRIACA,  In- 
cubus vigilanlium — e.  Nocturnus.  Incubus — e. 
Vigilantium,  Incubus  vigilantium. 

EPHIDRO'SIS,  from  art,  'upon,'  and  'iSqoo; 
'I  sweat.'  A  copious  sweat.  Ephidrosis  pro- 
fu'sa,  E.  sponta'nea,  E.idiopatk'ica,  Ihjdrnpcdi'- 
sis,  Exsudv!  tio,  Exudu'lio,  II  ypercphid  i  o'  sis,  Hi)- 
perhidro'sis,  Hyperidro'sis,  Suda'tio,  Sudato'ria, 
(F.)  Flux  de  Sueur.  An  excessive  sweating, 
inducing  debility  and  emaciation.  A  colliqua- 
tive sweat.  Such  copious  perspirations  are 
generally  owing  to  debility  of  the  exha 
and  require  the  use  oTtonics,  especially  of  the 
mineral  acids,  opium,  &c. 

Ephiduosis,  Desudatio — e.  Cruentum,  Sudor 
cruentus. 

EPHIPPIUM,  Pituitaria  fossa,  Sella  Turcica. 

EPH'ODOS,  from  t~t,  'upon,'  and  oSog,  'a 
way,'  'a  road  or  avenue  to  a  place.'  Hippo- 
crates uses  this  word  in  three  senses:  I.  For 
the  vessels  or  canals,  which  give  passage  to 
the  excrements  of  the  body.  2.  For  a  peri- 
odical attack  or  accession  of  fever;  and  '.'>.  For 
the  approach  of  similar  or  dissimilar  things 
which  may  be  useful  or  hurtful  to  the  body. — 
Castelli. 

EPl,  Spica. 

EPIALOS,  Hrpialos.     A  name  given  by  the 


EPIALTES 


281 


EPIDIDYMIS 


hficients  to  fever,  when  the  hot  stage  was  min- 
gled with  irregular  chills. 
EPIALTES,  Incubus. 

EPIAN,  Frambcesia. 

EPIBLEMA,  Catablema. 

EPIBOLE,  Incubus. 

EPICANTHIS,  Canthus. 

EPICAN'THUS,  from  sin, '  upon,'  and  <«- 
6og,  '  the  angle  of  the  eye.'  A  detective  forma- 
tion, in  which  a  fold  of  skin  passes  from  the 
root  of  the  nose  over  the  inner  canthus  of  the 
eye. 

E  P I  C  A  R'  P I U  M,  Pcricar'pium,  from  tvi, 
'upon,'  and  xaoTro?,  'the  wrist.'  Applications 
made  to  the  wrists  or  to  the  region  of  the  pulse 
were  so  called.  These  were  plasters,  oint- 
ments, febrifuge  cataplasms,  &c. 

EPICAUMA,  Encauma. 

EP1CAUSIS,  Encauma. 
•    EP10ERA8TICA,  Emollients. 

EP1CHOLOS.  Bilious. 

EPICHORION,  Deeidua. 

EIMCHRISIS,  Inunctio. 

EPICHRO'SIS,  SpiWsis,  from  ent,  and 
jfovua,  'colour.'  Simple  discoloration  of  the 
surface. — Good.     Ephelides,  (q.  v.) 

Epichrosis  Spilt,  see  Naevus. 

EPICHYSIS,  Affusion. 

EPIUCE'MASIS,  from  tnixmiiaouau  {snt,  and 
xotuaouat ,)  '  to  lie  down  to  rest,'  'to  sleep.'  De- 
cu'bitus  ad  dor  mien!  dum  et  Dor  mi'' do.  The  po- 
sition of  sleeping,  as  well  as  sleeping  itself. 

EPICOL'IC,  from  etti,  'upon,'  and  zudor, 
'  the  colon.'  The  epicolic  regions, regio'nes  epical' - 
iczs,  are  those  parts  of  the  abdomen  which  cor- 
respond to  the  colon. 

EPICOLLESIS,  Agglutination. 

EP' I  CONDYLE,  Epicon'dylus,-  from  ewi, 
'upon,'  and  y.orSvi-og,  'a  condyle.'  A  name 
given,  by  Chaussier,  to  an  eminence  at  the 
outer  part  of  the  inferior  extremity  of  the  os 
humeri;  so  called,  because  it  is  seated  above 
the  condyle.  The  epicondyle  gives  attachment 
to  the  outer  lateral  ligament  of  the  elbow  joint, 
and  to  a  very  strong  tendon  to  which  several  of 
the  muscles  of  the  posterior  part  of  the  forearm 
are  attached. 

EPICONDYLO-CUBlTALIS,see  Anconeus 
— e.  Radial,  Supinator  radii  brevis — e.  Sus-meta- 
carpicn,  see  Radialis — e.  Sm-phulungetticn  com- 
mun,  Extensor  digitorum  communis — e.  Sus- 
phalangettien  du  petit  doigt,  Extensor  proprius 
minimi  digiti. 

EPICOPHOSIS,  Cophosis. 

EPICRA'NIUM,  from  tm,  'upon,'  and  xga- 
viov,  'the  cranium.'  A  name  given  to  different 
parts  seated  on  the  cranium.  The  skin,  aponeu- 
rosis between  the  occipital  and  frontal  muscles, 
and  the  whole  of  the  scalp  have  been  so  called. 
Portal  includes  under  this  name  the  occipito- 
frontal muscle,  pyramidalis  nasi,  and  superior 
and  anterior  auricular  muscles. 

EPICRANfUS,  Occipilo-frontalis. 

EPICRA'SIS,  Conlempi.ru' lio,  from  inixv 
fittvvvfii,  (srn,  and  xtQarvvpt,  'I  mix,')  T  temper.' 
A  term  used  by  the  humorists  for  an  ameliora- 
tion of  the  humours.  They  called  Cure  l/ij  Epi- 
crasis,  per  epicrarin,  a  mode  of  treatment  by 
imagined  alteratives,  which  the}'  supposed  to 
be  possessed  of  the  power  of  gradually  correct- 
ing the  vitiated  humours. 

JROUSIS.  Percussion. 

ELTCYEMA,  Foetus,  Su perforation. 


EPICYESIS,  Su  perforation. 

EPIOYSTOTOMIA,  see  Lithotomy. 

EPIDEIS1S,  Delegation. 

EP'IDEMY,  Epidem'ic,  Eplde'mia,  Enidef- 
mios,  Epide'mos,  Morbus  puh'licus,  Morl/us  po- 
pula'ris,  from  nrt,  'upon,'  and  A>,ur*c,  'the  peo- 
ple.' A  disease  which  attacks  at  the  same 
time  a  number  of  individuals,  and  which  is  de- 
pending upon  some  particular  constitutio  aeris, 
or  condition  of  the  atmosphere,  with  which  we 
are  utterly  ignorant.  It  differs  from  endemic, 
the  latter  being  owing  to  locality  ;  but  it  is  ob- 
vious, that  should  a  particular  epidemic  consti- 
tution of  the  air  exist  along  with  a  favourite 
endemic  condition,  these  combined  influences 
may  act  in  the  causation  of  several  of  those 
serious  and  fatal  complaints,  which  at  times 
visit  a  district  and  are  never  afterwards  met 
with,  or  at  least  not  until  after  the  lapse  of  a 
considerable  period. 

EPIDENDRUM  VANILLA,  see  Vanilla. 

EPID'ERIS,  Epider'rhis,  Hypod'eris,  or  Hypn- 
der'mis,  from  mi,  'upon,'  and  &§«?,  'the  skin.' 
Tiiis  word,  w:ith  some,  means  the  nymphse: 
with  others,  the  clitoris;  with  others,  again,  the 
prepuce  of  the  clitoris. 

B?WER'MlS,Ei>idcr'Mion,  Cutic'ula,  C.ex'- 
tima,  C.  e.ctre'ma,  Cutis  extima,  C.  summa,  C. 
ultima,  Pedis  summa,  EeWdula  svmma,  P.  su- 
perior, Lam'ina  prima  cutis,  Opa'cvlum  cutis, 
from  iti,  'upon,'  and  Signet,  ' the  true  skin.' 
Scarf-skin,  cuticle.  (F.)  Surpeau,  Culicule.  A 
transparent,  dry,  thin  membrane,  devoid  of 
nerves  and  vessels,  which  covers  all  the  sur- 
face of  the  body,  except  the  parts  that  corre- 
spond to  the  nails.  It  appears  to  consist  of 
minute  scales,  placed  one  above  the  other. 
Chaussier  considers  it  to  be  formed  and  repro- 
duced by  an  excretory  action  of  the  true  skin; 
to  act  like  a  dry  varnish,  which  prevents  the 
immediate  contact  of  bodies  with  the  nervous 
papilla,  and  consequently  to  deaden  tactile 
impressions,  which,  without  its  inlervenlion, 
might  be  painful.  The  Epider'mie,  Epider'.- 
meous,  or  Epidermoid  (as  Bichat  called  it) 
System,  in  general  anatomy,  comprises  three 
parts.  1.  External  Epidermis.  2.  Epidermis 
spread  over  the  mucous  membranes.  3.  The 
Nails  and  Hair. 

Epidermis  Liugvm,  see  Tongue. 

EPIDERRHIS,  Epideris. 

EPIDESIS,  see  Bandage— e.  Hemostasia, 
Ligature. 

EPIDES'MOS,  from  tm,  'upon,'  and  dew, 
'I  bind.'  A  Fascia,  (q.  v.)  bandage,  (q.  v.)  or 
ligature,  by  which  dressings  are  secured. — 
Hippocrates. 

EPIDIDYMIS,  from  em,  'upon,'  and  StSv/uo?, 
'a  testfcle.'  Epidid'ymus,  Paras' lata,  Testic'- 
ulus  actesso'rius,  Caput  testis,  Corpus  varico'- 
sum  seu  varicijor'  me  testis,  Corps  variqucux  ou 
variciformc,  Supcrgemi.iiu'lis:  that  which  is 
placed  upon  the  testicle.  A  small,  oblong,  ver- 
miform, grayish  body  lying  along  the  superior 
margin  of  the  testicle.  The  Epididymis  is  a 
canal,  formed  by  the  union  of  all  the  seminife- 
rous vessels,  folded  several  times  upon  them- 
selves, after  having  traversed  the  Corpus  High- 
morianum.  Its  lower  portion  or  tail,  Cauda 
vi  1  globus  minor,  is  curved  upwards,  and  is 
continuous  with  the  vas  deferens;  the  opposite 
extremity  is  called  the  head,  globus  major.  The 
length  of"  this  canal,  folded  as  it  is  upon  itself 


EPIDIDYMITIS 


268 


EPILEPSY 


and   describing   numerous   curvatures,  is,  ac- 
cording to  Monro,  32  feet. 

EPIDIDYMITIS,  Parastatilis— e.  Blennor- 
rhau-ic,  Hernia  humoralis. 

EPID'OSIS,  from  tm,  'upon,' and  fiidwpi i,  'to 
give.'  Augmentation,  increase.  A  word  ap- 
plied to  the  natural  increase  of  the  body  or  to 
the  increase  of  a  disease. 

EPID'ROME,  from  triS^fim,  (em,  and  dgepa,) 
'I  run  upon.'  An  afflux  or  congestion  of  hu- 
mours.— Galen. 

EPIFAGUS  AME  RIG  ANUS,  Orobanche 
Virginiana — e.  Virginianus,  Orobanche  Virgi- 
niana. 

EPIGASTRAL'GIA,  from  sTCiyaOTQiov,  '  the 
epigastrium,'  and  aXyoc,  'pain.'  Pain  at  the 
epigastrium. 

E PIG AS'TRfC,  Epigasftricus,  Epigas'trius, 
from  iTii,  'upon,'  and  yanrt}Q,  ' the  stomach.' 
This  name  has  been  given  to  several  parts. 

Epigastric  Ar'terv.  Arte'ria  epigas'trica, 
A  stts-pubienne,  (Ch.)  It  arises  from  the  exter- 
nal iliac,  on  a  level  with  (he  crural  arch;  some- 
times by  a  trunk  proper  to  it,  at  others  by  a 
trunk  common  to  it  and  the  Obturator  artery. 
It  ascends  upwards  and  inwards,  behind  the 
spermatic  cord,  follows  the  outer  edge  of  the 
rectus  abdominis  muscle,  and  anastomoses,  to- 
wards the  umbilicus,  with  the  internal  mam- 
mary. The  epigastric  artery  anastomoses,  also, 
with  the  obturator,  spermatic,  lumbar,  and  in- 
tercostal vessels. 

Epigastric  Region,  Regio  rp'<«ny'trica,  R 
cardi'ar.a,  R.  stomach'ica,  R.  Stomacha'lis,  is  the 
superior  region  of  the  abdomen,  comprised  be- 
tween the  false  ribs  on  each  side,  and  extending 
from  the  lower  surface  of  the  diaphragm  to  two 
fingers'  breadth  above  the  umbilicus.  It  is  di- 
vided into  three  parts,  one  middle,  the  epigas- 
trium,— and  two  lateral,  the  hypocltnn'dria. 

Epigastric  Vein  follows  nearly  the  same 
course  as  the  artery. 

EPIGASTRICUS,  Epigastric. 

EPIGASTRIUM.  Same  etymon.  The  belly; 
the  epinrristric  region. 

EPIGASTRIUS.  Epigastric. 

EPIGASTROCE'LR,  from  mi,  'upon,'  yaa- 
Tt/Q,  'the  stomach,'  and  xrth], '  a  tumour.'  Her- 
nia, formed  by  the  stomach;  Gas'troce'/e.  This 
name  has  been  given  more  especially  to  hpr- 
nia,  which  occurs  towards  the  upper  part  of  the 
linea  alba  or  in  the  epigastric  region,  whether 
formed  or  not  by  the  stomach. 

El'! G ENEMA,  Epigenesis. 

EPIGEIVESIS,  from  ent,  '  upon,'  and  yivtnig, 
1  geueialion.'  A  theory  of  conception,  accord- 
ing to  which  the  new  being  is  created  entirely 
anew;  and  receives  at  once  from  each  parent 
the  materials  necessary  for  its  formation. 

Epigenesis,  as  well  as  Epigene'ma,  or  Epi- 
gtnndma,  is  also,  applied  to  any  symptom  oc- 
curring during  a  disease,  without  changing  its 
nature.  An  accessary  symptom.  Epiginom'- 
eno*.  Supcrvi'.'niens.  Ins  a  similar  acceptation. 

EPIGINOMENOS,  Epiffenesis. 

EPIGLOTTIC,  Epiglot'ticus:  same  etymon. 
Relating  to  the  epiglottis. 

Epiglottic  Gland,  Periglot'tis,  Cam  glan- 
dulo'sa.  A  collection  of  small,  glandular  gra- 
nule, situate  in  the  adipose,  cellular  texture  at 
the  base  of  the  anterior  surface  of  the  epiglot- 
tis, in  a1  triangular  space,  bounded  anteriorly 


by  the  thyro-hyoid  membrane  and  thyroid  car- 
tilage. It  pours  out  an  unctuous  and  mucous 
fluid,  which  lubricates  the  epiglottis,  keeps  it 
supple  and  movable,  and  prevents  the  larynx 
from  being  irritated  by  the  constant  passage  of 
the  air,  in  the  act  of  respiration. 

EPIGLOTTIS,  from  itti,  '  upon,'  and  yHur- 
riQ,  'the  glottis.'  Epiglottic  cartilage,  Lig'ula, 
Oper'culum  laryn'gis.  A  fibro-cartilage,  situate 
at  the  upper  part  of  the  larynx,  behind  the  base 
of  the  tongue.  Its  form  is  oval;  texture  elastic; 
thickness  greater  below  than  above,  and  greater 
in  the  middle  than  at  the  sides.  By  its  smaller 
extremity,  which  is  the  lower,  it  is  attached  to 
the  thyroid  cartilage;  its  two  surfaces  are  co- 
vered by  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  pharynx 
and  larynx.  The  special  use  of  the  epiglottis 
would  seem  to  be  to  cover  the  glottis  accurately 
at  the  moment  of  deglutition,  and,  thus,  to  as- 
sist in  opposing  the  passage  of  alimentary  sub- 
stances into  the  air  tubes. 

EPIGLOTTITIS,  Inflamma'lio  Epigloi'lidis, 
(F.)  Inflammation  de  /'  Epiglotle,  Jlngi'na  epi- 
glottidea.     Inflammation  of  the  epiglottis. 

EPIGLOT'TUM.  An  instrument,  men- 
tioned by  Paracelsus,  for  raising  the  eyelids.  It 
resembled  the  epiglottis  in  shape. 

EP1GLOUTIS*  from  em,  'upon,'  and  y^oi;- 
roc,  '  the  buttocks.'  The  superior  region  of  the 
nates. — Gorraeus. 

EPIGONATIS.  Patella. 

EP1GONION,  Foetus. 

EP1GONON.  Su perforation. 

EPIGOUiN IS,  Patella. 

EPI  LATORIUM,  Depilatory. 

EPILEMPSIS,  Epilepsy. 

EPILENTIA.  Epilepsy. 

EPILEPSIA  ACUTA  INFANTUM, 
Eclampsia — e.  Algetica,  see  Algos — e.  Febrilis 
infantum,  Eclampsia — e.  Nocturna,  Incubus — 
e.  Puerilis,  Eclampsia  infantum — e.  Saltaloria, 
Chorea — e.  Uterina,  Lorind  matricis. 

EPILEPSIE,  Epilepsy—  e.  Uterine,  Hysteria 
— e.   Vcriiae,  see  Epilepsia. 

EP'ILEPSY,  'tiQrj  rovnog,  asXijvaia  roi><ro?, 
Epilep'sia,  Epilep'sis,  Epilemp'sis,  Epilcn'liu, 
Syspu'sia,  Epilep'sia,  Catalen'tia,  Morbus  comi'- 
tialis,  M.  cada'cus,  M.  Hercu'lcus,  Heraclt'us 
morbus,  M.  sacer,  M.  pueri'lis,  Dcprehcn'sio, 
Clonos  epilep'sia,  Hieran'osps,  Prahen'sio,  Mor- 
bus 7/)ftg)ius,  M.  Major,  M.  lnterlu'nius,  M.  divi'- 
nus,  M.  dasmo'nius,  M.  son'lievs,  M.  Seleni'ncus, 
M.  lunat'icvs,M.  mensa'lis,  M.deificus,  M.  seeks' - 
las,  M.  vitriolu'lus,  M.  riria'cllus,  M.  Sancti  Va- 
hnli'ni,  Jlnalcpsia,  Catapto'sis,  Insa'nia  cadi'ra, 
The  falling  sickness,  (F.)  Mai  caduc,  Mai  divin, 
Mai  Saint-Jean,  Mai  de  Terre,  Haut-mal.  The 
word  is  derived  from  tTSiiafiSavw,  'I  seize  upon.' 
It  is  a  disease  of  the  brain,  which  may  either  be 
idiopathic  or  symptomatic,  spontaneous  or  acci- 
dental, and  which  occurs  in  paroxysms,  with 
uncertain  intervals  between.  These  paroxysms 
are  characterized  by  loss  of  sensation  and  con- 
vulsive motions  of  the  muscles.  Frequently, 
the  fit  attacks  suddenly;  at  other  times,  it  is 
preceded  by  indisposition,  vertigo,  and  stupor. 
At  times,  before  the  loss  of  consciousness  oc- 
curs, a  sensation  of  a  cold  vapour  is  fell,  hence 
called  aura  epilep'tica.  This  appears  to  rise  in 
some  part  of  the  body,  proceeds  towards  the 
head;  and  as  soon  as  it  has  reached  the  brain 
the  patient  falls  down.  The  ordinary  duration 
of  a  fit  is  from  5  to  20  minutes.     Sometimes  it 


EPILEPTIC 


289 


EPIPLOCELE 


goes  off  in  a  few  seconds;  at  others,  it  is  pro- 
tracted for  hours.  In  all  cases,  there  is  a  loss 
of  sensation,  sudden  falling  down,  distortion  of 
the  eyes  and  face  ;  countenance  of  a  red.  purple 
or  violet  colour;  grinding  of  the  teeth;  foam- 
ing at  the  mouth;  convulsions  of  the  limbs; 
difficult  respiration,  generally  stertorous;  with 
sometimes  involuntary  discharge  of  faeces  and 
urine.  After  the  fit,  the  patient  retains  not  the 
least  recollection  of  what  has  passed,  but  re- 
mains, for  some  time,  affected  with  head-ache, 
stupor,  and  lassitude. 

The  disease  is  in  the  brain,  and  is  generally 
organic;  but  it  may  be  functional  and  sympto- 
matic of  irritation  in  other  parts,  as  in  (he  sto- 
mach, bowels,  &c.  The  prognosis,  as  to  ulti- 
mate recovery,  is  unfavourable.  It  does  not, 
however,  frequently  destroy  life,  but  is  apt  to 
lead  to  mental  imbecility.  Dissection  has  not 
thrown  light  on  its  pathology. 

To  the  attacks  of  epilepsy  which  are  unac- 
companied by  convulsions,  as  is  sometimes  the 
case,  the  French  give  the  name  Fetitrnrd,  and 
Ephpsie  Vertige.  When  furious  mania  suc- 
ceeds to  a  paroxysm,  it  is  termed  Mania  e.pi 
leptica  and  Epileptic  Delirium. 

In  the  treatment,  the  cause  must  be  sought 
after,  and  if  possible  removed.  In  the  paroxysm, 
but  little  can  be  done;  but  as  the  tongue  is  lia- 
ble to  be  injured  by  the  teeth,  the  jaws  may  be 
kept,  open  by  putting  a  cork  or  piece  of  wood 
between  them.  If  the  fit  have  been  brought  on 
by  indigestible  food,  the  stomach  must  be  cleared. 
It  is  between  the  paroxysms  that  the  great  effort 
must  be  made.  Generally,  there  is  considera- 
ble irritability  and  debility  about  the  brain,  and 
hence  tonics  have  been  found  the  best  remedies. 
Of  these,  perhaps  the  tnost  powerful,  in  epilepsy, 
is  the  arjjettti  nitras,  given  regularly  and  con- 
tinued for  months,  if  necessary.  Preparations, 
of  iron,  copper,  and  zinc  have,  also,  been  used, 
and  the  general  class  of  the  vegetable  tonics 
and  antispasmodics.  Counter-irritants,  as  blis- 
ters, moxa,  &c,  may  be  employed,  if  necessary, 
alon<j  with  this  course. 

Unfortunately,  in  many  cases,  these  means 
are  found  insufficient,  and  all  that  can  be  done 
is  to  palliate,  removing  carefully  all  exciting 
causes;  such  as  the  use  of  spirituous  liquors, 
strong  emotions,  violent  exercise,  &c,  and 
regulating  the  diet 

EPILEPTIC,  Epilepticus;  same  etymon. 
One  attacked  with  epilepsy.  Any  thing  re- 
lating to  epilepsy;  as  an  epilep'tic  individual,  an 
epilep'tic  sijmpium.  Some  authors,  also,  speak 
of  epileptic  remedies. 

EPIlVI'AiNES.  A  name  given  to  a  maniac 
when  in  a  paroxysm. 

EPIMELE'TAI,  from  tniuilioucn,  (tni,  and 
fuXw.)  'I  take  care  of  A  name  by  which  the 
ancient  Persians  called  the  euros  of  wounds, 
who  followed  their  armies. 

EPIMOR'IOS,  'unequal;'  from  etti,  and  ftsiqw, 
'I  divide.'  An  epithet  applied  to  the  pulse 
when   unequal.  — Galen. 

EPIjYARD,  Spinacia — e.  Sauvage,  Chenopo- 
dium  bonus  Henricus. 

llPlNE,  Spine — e.  du  Dos,  Vertebral  column 

e\   Gutturale,  Nasal  spine,  inferior  and  posle- 

rjor — (",.  Sphenoidale,  Sphenoidal  spine — d.  Vi 
nctte.  Oxycantha  Galeni. 

E  P 1  N  E  P 1 1' E  LOy ,  jYubilo'sus.  Presenting 
a  cloud.     Applied  to  the  urine. — Hippocrates. 


&PINEUX,  Spinous—  e.  du  Dos,  grand,  Spi- 
nalis dorsi  major:  see  Interspinals  dorsi  et 
lumborum — e.  du  Dus,  petit,  see  Interspinals 
dorsi  et  lumborum. 

tiPIMkRE,  Spinal. 

EPLYGLE.  Pin. 

EP1NOTION.  Scapula. 

EPINYCTIDES,  from  tm,  'upon,'  and  rvt, 
'the  night.'  Eruptions  which  appear  on  the 
skin  in  the  night,  and  disappear  in  the  day. 
Fus'tulu  linens  et  nodlibus  inquie'tans. — Pliny. 

EP1NYCTIS  PRUKIGIiNO'SA,  Urticaria. 

E'PFOJYE,  Decidua. 

EPIPAKOXYS'MUS.  A  paroxysm  super- 
added to  an  ordinary  paroxysm. 

EP1PASTON,  Catapasma. 

EPIPE'CHU,  entntjxv,  from  etti,  'upon,'  and 
ny,yv<;,  'the  elbow.'  The  upper  part  of  the 
elbow  — Gorrams. 

ElTPElJHYCOS,  Conjunctiva. 

EPIPHA'JNIA.  from  i.ii,  'upon,'  and  tpaivo), 
'  I  exhibit.'  The  external  appearance  of  the 
body  — Castelli. 

EPIPHjENOM'ENON,  Post  appa'rens;  same 
etymon.  Any  kind  of  adventitious  symptom 
which  occurs  during  the  progress  of  an  affec- 
tion; and  which  is  not  as  intimately  connected 
with  the  existence  of  the  disease  as  the  symp- 
toms— properly  so  called. 

EPIPH'LEBOS,  from  mi,'  upon,'  and  (p?.s-a<g, 
'a  vein.'  An  epithet  given  to  those  whose 
veins  are  very  apparent. —  Hippoer.,  Aretseus. 

EPIPHLOGIS'MA,  from  em,  'upon,'  and 
yloyi^w,  'I  inflame.'  Violent  inflammation  or 
burning  heat  in  any  part. —  Hippocrates. 

E  PI  P  H'O  R  A,  Durryno'mu,  Lachryma'tio, 
Delachfyma'tio,  Iltacliryrua'tio,  Oc'ulus  lach'ry- 
mans,  from  emepeou,  (*'T>  and  (piQot,)  '1  carry 
to.'  Weeping,  (F.)  Larmoiement.  The  watery 
eye; — an  involuntary  and  constant  flow  of  tears 
upon  the  cheek.  It  is  almost  always  sympto- 
matic of  some  disease  of  the  lachrymal  pas- 
sages, and  occurs  when  the  tears  cannot  pass 
into  the  ductus  ad  nasum.  Occasionally.it  is 
owing  to  the  tears  being  secreted  in  too  great 
quantity;  as  in  certain  cases  of  ophthalmia. 
The  treatment  must  of  course  be  directed  to 
the  removal  of  the  cause. 

Epiphora,  Ophthalmia — e.  Ptyalismus,  Sali- 
vation. 

'EPIPHYMATA,  Cutaneous  diseases. 

EPIPH'YSIS,  Additameritum,  (q.  v.)  from 
in i,  'upon,'  and  tpuw,  'I  arise.'  Any  portion  of 
a  bone,  separated  from  the  body  of  the  bone  by 
a  cartilage,  which  becomes  converted  into  bone 
by  age.  The  epiphysis  of  the  foetus  becomes 
the  apophysis  of  the  adult. 

Ei'ipnYsis  Cruris  Longioris  Incudis,  Os  or- 
biculare. 

'  EPIPLASM,  from  em,  'upon.'  and  nXaoaw, 
'  I  spread.'  A  cataplasm.  Galen  uses  it  espe- 
cially for  an  application  of  wheaten  flour,  boiled 
in  hydrelseum,  and  applied  to  wounds. 

EP1PLEGIA,  Hemiplegia. 

EPIPLERO'SIS,  from  tm,  ' augmentative,' 
and  nXi]Qu)Oig,  'repletion.'  Excessive  repletion, 
distention. 

EPIPLOCE'LE,  from  mmloov,  'omentum,' 
mil  y.tili^  'tumour.'  Epiploic  hernia,,  Zirhii'lis 
hernia,,  Omental  hernia,  (F.)  Hernie  de  I' epiploon. 
Omental  hernia  is  recognised — but  at  times 
with  difficulty — by  a  soft,  unequal,  pasty   tu- 


EP1PL0-ENTER0CELE 


290 


EPISPASTICS 


mour,  in  which  no  gurgling  sound  is  heard,  on 
pressing  or  reducing  it.  It  is  less  dangerous 
than  hernia  of  the  intestines^ 

EPIPLO-ENTEROCE'LE,  from  ircmloov, 
'the  omentum,'  svrtpov,  'intestine,'  and  y.>,"'-r, 
'tumour.'  Hernia,  formed  by  the  epiploon  and 
a  portion  of  the  intestines.  It  is  more  com- 
monly called  En' 'tero-epiplocd IS. 

EPIP'LOIC,  Epiplo'icus.  Relating  to  the 
epiploon. 

Epiploic  Appen'dages;  Appendic'ulit  epi- 
ph'iccC,  A.  pinguedino'sae,  Fim'brix  carno'sse  coll. 
Prolongations  of  the  peritoneum  beyond  the 
surface  of  the  large  intestine,  which  are  analo- 
gous in  texture  and  arrangement  to  the  epiploon. 

Epiploic  Ar'tkriks  ;  Arte'riee  Epiplo'icae. 
The  arterial  branches,  which  are  distributed  to 
the  epiploon,  and  which  are  given  off  by  the 
gastro-epiploicrc 

EPIPLO-ISCHIOCE'LE,  from  mmloov, ' the 
epiploon,'  myioij,  'the  ischium,'  and  *»,*>/>  <a 
tumour.'  Hernia,  formed  by  the  epiploon 
throuo-h  the  ischiatic  notch. 

EPIPLOI'TIS,  from  enirrloov, ,'  the  omen- 
tum,' and  itis, denoting  inflammation.  Inflam- 
mation of  the  omentum.  Omenti'tis,  Empres- 
ma  peritoni'tis  omenta'lls,  Omenti  influrnma'tio, 
Enteri'tis  epiplorftis,  Ome rile' sis:  a  form  of  par- 
tial peritonitis. 

EPIPLOMEROCE'LE,  from  smnloQv,  'the 
omentum,'  firjQog,  'the  thigh,'  and  xtjlij,  'a  tu- 
mour.'   Femoral  hernia,  formed  by  the  epiploon. 

EPIPLOMTHALON,  Epiplobm'phalon,  Her- 
nia umbilicu'lis,  from  ercrn/.oor,  'the  omentum,' 
and  otitpaXoc,  'the  navel.'  Umbilical  hernia, 
formed  by  the  epiploon. 

EPIPLOM'PHRASIS,  from  tmnioov,  « the 
epiploon,'  and  iiupQaaaw,  'I  obstruct.'  Indu- 
ration of  the  epiploon. 

EPIPLOOCOMIS'TES,  from  tninXoov,  'the 
epiploon,'  and  yotuiLv>,  'I  carry.'  One  who  has 
the  omentum  morbidly  large.  Also,  one  la- 
bouring under  epiplocele. 

EPIP'LOON,  Epip'loum,  from  tm,  'above,' 
and  77Xfw,  '  I  swim,  or  float.'  Omen'tum,  RriS, 
■Reticulum;  Dertron;  The  Caul.  A  prolonga- 
tion of  the  peritoneum,  which  floats  above  a 
portion  of  the  intestines;  and  is  formed  of  two 
membranous  layers,  with  vessels  and  fatty  bands 
distributed  through  it.  Anatomists  have  de- 
scribed several  epiploons.  The  uses  of  the 
omentum  are  but  little  known.  The  chief  one 
seems  to  be,  to  retain  the  viscera  in  situ,  and 
to  ffive  passage  to  vessels. 

Epiploon,  or  Omentum,  Colic,  0.  eof Ileum, 
Third  Epiploon  or  Omentum,  is  a  duplicature 
of  the  peritoneum,  situate  along  the  ascending 
portion  of  the  colon,  as  far  as  its  luncMon  with 
the  transverse  portion.  It  is  behind  the  great 
epiploon,  and  fills  up  the  angle  formed  by  the 
junction  of  the  ascending  with  the  transverse 
colon.  Its  two  lamina  are  separated  by  colic 
arteries  and  veins. 

Epiploon,  Gastrocolic,  or  Great  Omen- 
tum, Omentum  gastro-aflicum,  Omentum  majus, 
consists  of  an  extensive  duplicature,  which  is 
free  and  floating  on  the  folds  of  the  intestines. 
It  is  quadrilateral,  and  longer  on  the  left  side 
than  on  the  right: — its  base  being  fixed,  ante- 
riorly, to  the  great  curvature  of  the  Btomae.h; 
and,  posteriorly,  to  the  arch  of  the  colon.  It.  is 
formed  of  two  laminae,  each  consisting  of  two 


others.    In  this  epiploon  a  number  of  vessels  is 
distributed,  and  there  is  much  fat. 

Epiploon.Gastro-Hepatic,  or  Lesser  Omen- 
tum, Omentum  hep' uto-gas' iricum  or  Omentum 
minus,  Membra' na  macilen'lior,  is  a  duplica- 
ture of  the  peritoneum,  which  extends  trans- 
versely from  the  right  side  of  the  cardia  to 
the  corresponding  extremity  of  the  fissure 
of  the  liver,  and  downwards  from  this  fissure 
to  the  lesser  curvature  of  the  stomach,  the  py- 
lorus and  duodenum.  Below  it  is  the  foramen 
or  hiatus  of  Winslow;  and  between  its  laminae 
are  lodged  the  biliary  and  hepatic  vessels.  It 
contains  but  little  fat.  If  air  be  blown  in  at  the 
foramen  of  Winslow,  the  cavity  of  the  omen- 
tum will  be  rendered  perceptible. 

Epiploon,  or  Omentum,  Gastro-Splenic,  0. 
Gastro-sple'nicum.  A  reflection  of  the  perito- 
neum, which  passes  between  the  concave  sur- 
face of  the  spleen  and  the  stomach,  from  the 
cardiac  orifice  to  near  its  great  curvature,  and 
which  lodges  the  vasa  brevia  and  splenic  ves- 
sels between  its  laminae. 

EPIPLOSARCOM'PHALUS,  from  tniTcXoov, 
' the  epiploon,'  aaoi,  'flesh,'  and  ou(pa?.oc,  ' the 
navel.'  Umbilical  hernia,  formed  of  indurated 
omentum. 

EPIPLOSCHEOCE'LE.  from  twiT^n'the 
epiploon,'  oo^e-.r,  'the  scrotum,'  and  y.rft.r;,  'tu- 
mour.' Scrotal  hernia,  formed  by  a  displace- 
ment of  the  epiploon. 

EPIPLOUM,  Epiploon. 

EPIPORO'MA,  from  (Tit^ob,  {nri,  and 
jrwgoeu,)  'I  harden.'  A  tophaceous  concretion, 
which  forms  in  the  joints.  The  callus  of  frac- 
ture. 

EPIRRHCEA,  Epirrhoe. 

EPIR'RHOE,  Epirrha'a,  from  itti,  'upon,' 
and  Qua,  '  I  flow.'  Afflux  or  congestion  of  hu- 
mours.— Hippocrates. 

EPISAROIDIUM,  Anasarca. 

EPIS'CHESIS,  Retention;  from  miciyva,  'I 
restrain.'     A  suppression  of  excretions. 

EPISCHION,  Abdomen,  Pubes. 

EPISOOPALKS  VALVULE,  Mitral  valves. 

EPISEION,  Pubis,  (os,)  Vulva,  Labium  Pu- 
dendi,  Tressoria. 

EITSEMA'SIA,  from  eTtay/naiva,  (f?n,  and 
o-»;u*,'a  sign.')  'I  afford  some  sign.'  Semasia. 
It  has  been  used  synonymously  with  sign,  and 
also  with  the  invasion  of  an  attack  of  fever. 
See  Annotatio. 

EPISIQCELE,  see  Hernia,  vulvar. 

EPISION,  Episeion. 

EPISIONC'US,  from  tmouov,  (modern,)  'the 
labium  pudendi,'  and  oyxog,  'a  tumour.'  Tu- 
mor liibio'rum.  A  swelling  or  tumour  of  the 
labia  pudendi. 

EPISIOR'RAPHY,  Episiorrhaphria,  from 
tTrtoeior,  (modern.)  'the  labia  pudendi,'  'the 
vulva,'  and  Qa<prj,  'suture.'  An  operation  prac- 
tised in  cases  of  prolapsus  uteri,  which  consists 
in  paring  the  opposing  surfaces  of  the  labia 
pudendi,  bringing  them  together  and  uniting 
them  by  suture,  so  as  to  diminish  the  outlet  of 
the  vulva. 

EPISPA'DIAS,  from  gwt,  'above,'  and  ctrna, 
'I  draw.'  The  opposite  to  Hypospadias.  Epis- 
padias consists  of  a  preternatural  opening  of  the 
urethra  at  the  upper  part  of  the  penis. 

EPISPAS'TICS,  Epispas'tica,  Hek'tica,-  same 
etymon.  An  epithet  for  every  medicinal  sub- 
stance, which,  when  applied  to  the  skin,  excites 


EPISPASTICUM 


291       EPSOM,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF 


pain,  lieat,  and  more  or  less  redness,  followed 
by  separation  of  the  epidermis,  which  is  raised 
up  by  effused  serum.  Cantharides  and  mus- 
tard are  epispastics.  See  Blister  and  Deri- 
vative. 

EPISPASTICUM,  Blister. 

EPISPHiE'RIA,  from  s.ti,  'upon,'  and  aipmoa, 
'a  sphere.'  Some  physiologists  have  applied 
this  expression  to  the  different  convolutions 
and  sinuosities  presented  by  the  external  sur- 
face of  the  brain. 

EPISPHiERION,  Convolution. 

EPJSPHAG1SMOS,  Signature. 

EPlS'TASIS,  Insiden'tia  (q.  v.)  from  erri, 
'upon,'  and  araw,  'I  rest.'  A  substance  which 
swims  at  the  surface  of  urine.  It  is  opposed 
to  the  hypostasis  or  sediment.  Epistnsis  has 
also  been  employed  synonymously  with  sup- 
pression. 

EPISTAXTS,  from  sti,  'upon,'  and  ormtw, 
'I  flow,  drop  by  drop.'  Hxmorrhu'gia  udiva 
ntt'rium,  Epistax'is  jvnlo'rum,  Epistux'is  arte- 
rio'so,  lLemorrhin'ia,  Hoemorhinorrhagia,  Choa- 
norrhag"ia,  Rhinorrhag"ia,  Stillicid'ium  sen 
Stilla'tio  Sang'uinis  e  nar'iltus.  Hemorrhage 
from  the  pituitary  membrane, Bleeding  at  the  nose, 
(F.)  Hemorrhagic  nasalc,  Snignement  du  nez, 
Himorrliinie.  This  is  one  of  the  most  common 
varieties  of  hemorrhage;  the  organization  of  the 
Schneiderian  membrane  being  favourable  to  it, 
as  the  blood  vessels  are  but  slightly  supported. 
It  does  not  generally  flow  from  both  nostrils, 
and  is  very  apt  to  recur.  Puberty  is  the  period 
at  which  it  is  most  common.  Its  exciting 
causes  are: — any  thing  that  will  excite  local 
congestions,  such  as  running,  coughing,  blow- 
ing the  nose,  &c,  provided  there  be  a  predisposi- 
tion to  it.  A  common  case  of  epistaxis  requires 
but  little  treatment,  especially  if  in  a  young 
person.  Light  diet  and  a  dose  or  two  of  the 
sulphate  of  magnesia  will  be  sufficient.  In 
more  severe  attacks,  cold  and  astringent  washes 
of  alum,  sulphate  of  zinc,  weak  sulphuric  acid, 
or  creosote  may  be  used,  and  the  nostrils  be 
plugged  anteriorlv;  but  if  the  bleeding  goes  on 
posteriorly, the  posterior  nares  must  be  plugged 
likewise: — the  patient  being  kept  with  the  head 
raised.  To  prevent  the  recurrence,  strict  diet 
must  be  inculcated. 

EPISTER'NAL,  Episterna'lis,  from  tm, 
'upon,'  and  a-nqvev,  'the  sternum.'  An  epithet 
applied  to  two  bones,  which  form  part  of  the 
sternum,  and  are  situate  upon  its  superior  and 
lateral  part.  In  the  young  subject,  they  are 
attached  to  the  sternum  by  a  synovial  mem- 
brane, and  a  fibrous  capsule.  They  have  some- 
what the  appearance  of  the  pisiform  bones,  but 
are  of  a  greater  size. 

EPISTHOT'ONOS, from  tv «r&ir, 'forwards,' 
and  rare,  'I  extend.'  A  spasm  of  the  muscles, 
drawing  the  body  forwards.  The  word  empros- 
thotonos  is  more  commonly  employed. 

EPISTROPHEUS,  Axis. 

EPISYNAN'CHE,  (tnt,  and  synanche  or 
cynanche,)  Episijnangi'na.  A  Greek  word, 
used  by  a  modern  writer  for  spasm  of  the 
pharynx,  by  which  deglutition  is  prevented, 
and  the  solid  and  liquid  food  driven  back  to- 
wards the  mouth  or  nasal  fosses. 

EPISYNTUET'IC,Ey)%//^//^'/r!<5,from  ent- 
crvrTtVrui  (sti,  vvv,  and  Ti&>;fAi.)  '  to  collect,  ac- 
cumulate.' The  name  of  a  medical  sect,  whose 
object  it  was  to  reconcile  the  principles  of  the 


Methodists  with  those  of  the  Empirics  and  Dog- 
matists. Leonides  of  Alexandria  seems  to  have 
been  one  of  the  first  partisans  of  this  sect;  of 
which  we  know  little. 

EPIT'ASIS,  from  tvi,  and  ritvuv,  'to  ex- 
tend.' The  period  of  violence  of  a  fever,  at- 
tack or  paroxysm.  Sometimes  it  is  used  in  the 
same  sense  as  epistasis,  for  *  suppression.' 

EPITHE'LIUM,  EpilheTis,  from  mi,  '  upon,' 
and  dtj'/.i],  'a  nipple.'  The  thin  layer  of  epider- 
mis, which  covers  parts  deprived  of  derma, 
properly  so  called, — as  the  nipple,  mucous 
membranes,  lips,  &c.  Modern  histological  re- 
searches have  shown,  that  it  exists,  in  different 
forms,  pavement  and  cylinder  epithelium;  and  that 
it  is  seen  in  various  parts — in  the  blood  vessels, 
and  even  in  the  ventricles  of  the  brain. 

EP'ITHEM,  Epith'ema,  or  Epithdma,  from 
ivt,  '  upon,'  and  -ndr^n,  'I  put.'  This  term  is 
applied  to  every  topical  application  which  can- 
not be  classed  either  under  ointments  or  plas- 
ters. Three  sorts  of  epithems  have  been  usualty 
distinguished, —  the  liquid,  dry  and  soft,  which 
comprise  fomentations,  bags  filed  icitli  dry  sub- 
stances, and  cataplasms. 

EPITH'ESIS.  Same  etymon.  The  rectifica- 
tion of  crooked  limbs  by  means  of  instruments 

EPITROCH'LEA,  from  sni,  'upon,'  and 
rpo/aXia,  'a  pulley.'  That  which  is  situate 
above  a  pulley.  Chaussier  gives  this  name  to 
the  unequal,  round  protuberance,  situate  on 
the  inside  of  the  inferior  extremity  of  the  hu- 
merus above  its  articular  trochlea.  It  is  the 
part  usually  called  the  inner  condyle  or  lesser 
condyle  of  the  humerus.  From  it  orio-jnate 
seyeral  muscles  of  the  forearm,  to  which  it  has 
given  part  of  their  names,  according  to  the  sys- 
tem of  Chaussier. 

&PITROCHLO-CJ1RPI-PALMAIRE,  Pal- 
maris  longus — e.  Cuhito-carpien,  see  Cubital 
muscles — c.  Meiacarpien,  Palmaris  magnus — e. 
Pha/anginien  commun,  Flexor  sublimis  perfora- 
tus — 6.  Radial,  Pronator  radii  teres. 

EPIZO'A,  (F.)  Epizoaires,  from  en",  <  upon,' 
and  tow, '  an  animal. '  Parasitic  animals,  which 
infest  the  surface  of  the  body;  or  the  common 
integument. 

EPIZOO'TIA,  Ephndty.  Same  etymon.  A 
disease  which  reigns  amongst  animals.  It  cor- 
responds, in  the  veterinary  art,  to  Epidemy  in 
medicine.    _ 

EP'OCHE,  from  mi,  and  %yw,  '  to  have  or  to 
hold.'  Doubt,  suspension  of  judgment — Sus- 
pensa  senten'tia.  Sometimes  employed  in  the 
same  sense  as  episclmis  or  suppression. 

EFOCI1ETEUS1S,  Derivation. 

EPODE,  Incantation. 

EPO'MIS,  Su'perhumcra'ie,  from  mi,  'upon,' 
and  wfio;,  'the  shoulder.'  The  upper  part  of 
the  shoulder. —  Hippocrates,  Galen. 

EPOMPHA'LION,  from  nri,  'upon,'  and 
oftyaXog, '  the  navel.'  A  medicine,  which,  when 
placed  upon  the  umbilicus,  moves  the  belly. — 
Paulus  of  /Egina. 

itPOJVGE,  Spongia— e.  d'Eglanlier,BedegaT. 

EPOQUES,  Menses. 

EPRELYTES,  Tenesmus. 

EPSEMA,  Decoction. 

EPSESIS,  Decoction,  Elixatio. 

EPSOM,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Ep- 
som is  a  town  in  Surrey,  about  15  miles  from 
Lnnrion.  The  water  is  a  simple  saline;— con- 
sisting chiefly  of  sulphate  of  magnesia,  which 


£PUISEME.\'T 


2U2 


ERGOT 


has  consequent.]}'  received  the  name  of  Epsom 
Salts,  though  no  longer  prepared  from  the  Ep- 
som water. 
J&UISEMENT,  Exhaustion. 

EPU'LIS,  from  cri,  '  upon,'  and  ovXov,  'the 
gum.'  Odon'tia  exerts' cens ,  Sarco'ma  epu'lis, 
Ulon'eus,  Excresccn'tia  gingi'vm.  An  excres- 
cence on  the  gum,  sometimes  ending  in  cancer. 

EPULOSIS,  Cicatrization. 

EPULOTJCA,  Cicatrisantia. 

EQUAL,  JEquu'lis.  An  epithet  applied  par- 
ticularly to  the  pulse  and  to  respiration.  The 
pulse  and  respiration  are  equal,  when  the  pul- 
sations and  inspirations  which  succeed  each 
other  are  alike  in  every  respect. 

EQUILIB'RIUM,  from  aquas,  'equal,'  and 
librare,  'to  weigh.'  In  medicine,  this  word 
is  sometimes  used  to  designate  that  state  of 
organs,  fluids,  and  forces,  which  constitutes 
health. 

EQUI'NIA,  from  equi'nus,  'belonging  to  a 
horse.'  Glanders.  (F.)  Morve.  A  dangerous 
contagious  disorder,  accompanied  by  a  pustular 
eruption,  which  arises  from  inoculation  with 
certain  diseased  fluids  generated  in  the  horse, 
the  ass  and  the  mule.  Two  forms  are  met 
with,—  E.  mitis,  contracted  from  horses  af- 
fected with  grease,  and  E.  glandulo'sa,  a  dan- 
gerous and  commonly  fatal  disease  communi- 
cated to  man,  either  in  the  acute  or  chronic 
form,  from  the  glandered  horse.  The  veteri- 
nary surgeons  make  two  varieties  of  the  disease 
in  the  horse — glanders,-  and  farcy  slanders,  Far- 
cino'ma,  (F.)  Morve farcineuse: — the  former  af- 
fecting the  pituitary  membrane  and  occasioning 
a  profuse  discharge  from  the  nostrils,  with  pus- 
tular eruptions  or  small  tumours,  which  soon 
suppurate  and  ulcerate,  being  attended  by  symp- 
toms of  malignant  fever  and  by  gangrene  of 
various  parts: — the  latter  being  the  same  disease, 
but  appearing  in  the  shape  of  small  tumours 
about  the  legs,  lips,  face,  neck,  &c.  of  the  horse; 
sometimes  very  painful,  suppurating  and  dege- 
nerating into  foul  ulcers.  They  are  often  seen 
together. 

The  mild  cases  require  little  treatment  but 
rest;  the  more  severe  generally  resist  all  re- 
medies. 

EQUISETUM  ARVENSE,  &c,  see  flippu- 
ris  vulgaris — e.  Minus,  Hippuris  vulgaris. 

EQUITATION,  Equitaftio,  Hippei'a,  Hippa'- 
sia,  Hippeu'sis,-  from  equus,  '  a  horse.'  Horse- 
back exercise.  A  kind  of  exercise,  advisable  in 
many  diseases,  although  improper  in  others — 
in  uterine  affections,  for  instance.  It  has  been 
much  recommended  in  phthisis  pulmonalis.  It 
is  less  fatiguing  than  walking,  and  consequently 
more  available  in  disease.  But  to  prevent  dis- 
ease, where  exercise  is  required,  the  latter  is 
preferable 

EQUIVOCAL,  JEquiv'ocus,  from  (Equus, 
'equal,'  and  vox,  'voice.'  Those  symptoms 
are  occasionally  so  denominated  which  belong 
to  several  diseases.  Generation  is  said  to  be 
'  equivocal,'  when  it  is,  or  seems  to  be,  spon- 
taneous.    See  Generation. 

EQUUS,  Hippos,  Nicia'tio.  A  perpetual  mo- 
tion of  nictation,  which  some  individuals  have 
naturally,  and  others  from  disease. 

MR  ABLE,  Acer  saccharinum. 

E  R A  D  ICA'TIOiN ,  Eradica'tio,  from  e, '  from,' 
and  radix,  '  a  root.'  The  act  of  rootin<r  out,  or 
completely  removing  a  disease. 


ERAD'ICATIVE,  Eraii'cans:  same  etymon. 
Any  thing  possessed  of  the  power  of  completely 
rooting  out  a  disease. 

ERAILLEMEjYT  DES  PAUPlERES,  Eclro- 
pion. 

EREBINTHUS,  Acer  arietinum. 

ERECTILE  TISSUE,  from  erigere,  (c,  and 
rigere,)  '  to  erect,'  '  to  become  erect.'  A  tissue, 
whose  principal  character  is  : — to  be  susceptible 
of  dilatation,  i.  e.  of  turgescence  and  increase 
of  size.  It  is  formed  of  a  collection  of  arteries 
and  veins,  intermixed  with  nervous  filaments; 
which  form,  by  their  numerous  anastomoses,  a 
spongy  substance,  whose  areola?  communicate 
with  each  other.  This  tissue  exists  in  the  cor- 
pora cavernosa  of  the  penis  and  clitoris,  at  the 
lower  and  inner  surface  of  the  vagina,  in  the 
spongy  part  of  the  urethra,  the  lips,  nipples, 
iris,  &c.  Sometimes  it  is  developed  acciden- 
tally, and  constitutes  a  kind  of  organic  trans- 
formation. 

ERECTION,  Erec'tio,  Arrec'lio,-  same  ety- 
mon. The  state  of  a  part,  in  which,  from  having 
been  soft,  it  becomes  stiff,  hard,  and  swollen  by 
the  accumulation  of  blood  in  the  areolae  of  its 
tissue. 

ERECTOR  CLITORIDIS.Ischio-cavernosus 
— e.  Fenis,  Ischio-cavernosus. 

EREMACAU'SIS,  from  sgijuog,  '  waste,'  and 
Kttvoig, '  combustion.'  A  term  applied  by  Liebig 
to  the  slow  combustion,  oxidation,  or  decay  of 
organic  matters  in  air. 

EREM1A,  Acinesia. 

ERETHISM,  Ercihis'mus,  Erellm'ia,  from 
{£Sx9(Lco,  '  I  irritate.'  Irritation.  Augmentation 
of  the  vital  phenomena  in  any  organ  or  tissue. 
Orgasm.  Under  this  name,  Mr.  Pearson  has 
described  a  state  of  the  constitution  produced 
by  mercury  acting  upon  it  as  a  poison.  He 
calls  it  Mercurial  Erct/iismus.  It  is  charac- 
terized by  great  depression  of  strength;  anxiety 
about  the  prsscordia;  irregular  action  of  the 
heart;  frequent  sighintr;  tremors;  small,  quick, 
sometimes  intermitting,  pulse;  occasional  vo- 
miting; pale, contracted  countenance. and  sense 
of  coldness;  but  the  tongue  is  seldom  furred, 
nor  are  the  vital  and  natural  functions  much  dis- 
turbed. In  this  state  any  sudden  exertion  may 
prove  fatal. 

ERETHISM  A,  Rubefacient. 

ERETHISMUS,  Irritation— e.  Ebriosorum, 
Delirium  tremens — e.  Hydrophobia,  Hydropho- 
bia—  e.  Oneirodynia,  Incubus,  Paroniria  —  e. 
Simplex,  Fidgets. 

ERETHIT'IC,  Erethit'icus.  Belonging  or  re- 
lating to  erethism, — as  "  erethitic  phenomena,' 
phenomena  of  irritation. 

EREUGMOS,  Eructation. 

EREUXIS,  Eructation,  Flatulence. 

ERGASMA,  Mvriha. 

ERGASTERIO'N  SPIRITUS,  Pulmo. 

ERGOT,  (F.)  Ergot, '  aspur,'  Er'gota,  Seca'lS 
cornu'lum,  Clavis  secali'nus,  Cla  vis  st  cu'lis,  Mater 
scca'lis,  Brizoce'ras,  Cakar,  Seca'lis  mater,  Seca'lS 
luxu'rians,  Vstila'go,  Clavis  silig"inis,  Frumenl- 
turn  cornu'lum.  F.  eornicula'tum,  F.  luxu'rians, 
F.  tur'  iiiduni,  F.  temulen'tum  Sparred  or 
Horned  Rye,  the  Spur,  Hornseed.  (F.)  Seigle 
ergotee,  Blecornu.  Ergot  is  generally  considered 
to  be  the  result  of  a  disease  in  rye,  occurring 
most  frequently  when  a  lint  summer  succeeds 
a  rainy  spring.  Decandolle,  however,  regards 
it  as  a  parasitic  fungus,  and  calls  it  Sclera' Hum 


ERGOT 


293 


ERROR  LOCI 


cl/ivus;  whilst  teveille  esteems  it  to  be  a  fungus 
giving  a  coating  to  the  diseased  grain;  the  me- 
dical virtues  residing  in  the  coating.  This  pa- 
rasitic fungus  he  calls  Spkaceflia  segfetum. 
More  recently,  it  has  been  maintained,  that  it 
is  a  diseased  state  of  the  grain  occasioned  by 
the  growth  of  a  fungus  not  previously  detected, 
to  which  the  name  Ergotoe'tia  abortans  seu 
ul>  or  Ufa' ci  ens,  has  been  given.  It  is  found  pro- 
jecting from  among  the  leaves  of  the  spike  or 
eiir;  and  is  a  long,  crooked  excrescence,  resem- 
bling the  spur  of  a  cock;  pointed  at  its  extre- 
mities; of  a  dark-brown  colour  externally,  and 
white  within. 

This  substance  has  been  long  used  in  Germa- 
ny to  act  on  the  uterus,  as  its  names  M  u  t  - 
terkorn  and  Gebarpulver  (womb- 
grain,  pulvis  parturiens)  testify.  About  38 
years  ago,  it  was  recommended  in  this  country, 
by  Dr.  John  Stearns,  of  Saratoga  County,  New 
York,  for  accelerating  parturition;  and  since 
that  period,  numerous  testimonials  have  been 
offered  in  its  favour.  Half  a  drachm  of  the 
powder  is  gently  boiled  in  half  a  pint  of  water, 
and  one-third  part  given  every  20  minutes, 
until  proper  pains  begin.  Some  recommend 
the  clear  watery  infusion;  others  advise  the 
powder;  others  the  oil,  and  others  the  wine.  It 
is  obvious,  that  in  many  cases  the  uterine  efforts 
would  return  in  the  period  which  would  neces- 
sarily elapse  in  the  administration  of  ergot,  so 
that  several  of  the  cases,  at  least,  of  reputed  effi- 
cacy, may  not  have  been  dependent  upon  the 
assigned  agent.  Ergot  also  possesses — it  is  af- 
firmed— narcotic  virtues,  which  have  rendered 
it  useful  in  hemorrhagic  and  other  affections  of 
excitement. 

Bread,  made  of  spurred  rye,  has  been  at- 
tended with  the  effects  described  under  Ergo- 
tism. 

ERGOT,  Hippocampus  minor. 

ERGOTA.  Ergot. 

ERGOTiETIA  ABORTANS,  see  Ergot— e. 
Aboriil'aciens,  see  Ergot. 

ER'GOTISM,  Ergot  is' mm,  Kapha' nia(q.  v.), 
Ergot  or  Mildew  Mortified lion,  Ergotisme  gan- 
greneux,  Necrosis  ustilaginea,  Gangrene  des  So- 
lonois,  Mai  de  Sologne,  Convul'sio  Solonien'sis, 
Gangrse1 na  ustiln gin' 'ea.  An  affection  produced 
by  the  use  of  the  spurred  rye.  At  times,  the 
symptoms  are  limited  to  vertigo,  spasms,  and 
convulsions.  See  Convulsio  cerealis.  Most 
commonly,  there  is  torpor  with  numbness  of 
the  hands  and  feet,  which  waste  away;  lose 
sensation  and  the  power  of  motion,  and  sepa- 
rate from  the  body  by  drv  gangrene. 

ERGOTISME  CONVULSIVE,  Convulsio 
cerealis. 

ERGOTISMUS.  Ergotism. 

ERI'CA  VULGA'RIS,  Cullu'na  vulga'ris, 
Common  Heath.  (F.)  Bruyere  vnlgaiie.  This 
has  been  regarded  as  diuretic  and  diaphoretic. 

ERIG'ERON  PHILADEL'PllICUM,  Sca- 
bious, Skevisch,  Philadelphia  Flea-Bane,  Ske- 
visch  Flea-Bane,  Daisy,  Cocash,  Froslweed,  Field- 
weed,  Squaw-weed.  (F.)  Vergeretle  de  Philadel- 
phie.  The  plant  has  been  used  in  decoction  or 
infusion  for  gouty  and  gravelly  complaints,  and 
it  is  said  to  operate  powerfully  as  a  diuretic  and 
sudorific. 

Erigeron  Canaden'sS,  Can'ada  Flcabanc,  is 
considered  to  be  allied  in  properties  to  the 
above,  and  the  same  may  be  said  of  the  Erige- 


ron Helerophijllum,  Sweet  Sca'binus  or  various- 
leaved  Fleabane,-  all  of  which  are  in  thp  secon- 
dary list  of  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United 
States. 

ERIGERUM.Senecio. 

&RIGNE,  Hook. 

ERIKE,  Hook. 

ER1X,  sgi£.  This  word  signifies,  in  Galen, 
the  upper  part  of  the  liver. 

ERODENS,  Caustic. 

ERODIUM  MOSCHATUM,  Geranium  mos- 
chntuni. 

EROMANIA,  Erotomania. 

ERON'OSUS,  Eronu'sos,  from  ?;o,  'spring,' 
and  vorot;  or  rouro?,  'disease.'  A  disease  which 
appeals  chiefly  in  spring. 

EROS,  Love. 

EROS  1A,  Corrosion. 

ERO'SION,  Ero'sio,  Diabro'sis,  Jlnabro'sis, 
from  erodcre,  (e,  and  rodere,)  '  to  eat  away.' 
The  action  of  a  corrosive  substance,  or  the 
gradual  destruction  of  a  part  by  a  substance  of 
that  kind.  It  is  often  employed  in  the  same 
sense  as  ulceration,  spontaneous  erosion. 

EROT'IC,  Erot'icus,  from  iovk,  'love.'  That 
which  is  produced  by  love; — as  Erotic  vielan- 
choly,  E.  delirium,  &,c. 

EROTICOMANIA,  Erotomania. 

EROTION,  Melissa. 

EROTOMA'NIA,  Eroma'nia,  from  tgmg, 
'love,' and  K»via,  '  mania.'  A  species  of  men- 
tal alienation  caused  by  love.  Erotic  melan- 
choly is  Love  melancholy.  Some  authors  write 
it  Entfico -mania.     Also,  Nymphomania,  (q.  v.) 

ERPES,  Herpes. 

ERRABUNOUS,  Planetes. 

ERRATIC,  Errat'icus,  Atac'tos,  Al'ypos,- 
from  err  are,  '  to  err."  Wandering,  irregular. 
That  which  disappears  and  recurs  at  irregular 
intervals.  The  name  is  given  to  intermiltents, 
which  observe  no  type.  Most  commonly,  it  is 
applied  to  pains  or  to  any  diseased  manifesta- 
tion, which  is  not  fixed;  but  moves  from  one 
part  to  another,  as  in  gout,  rheumatism,  erysi- 
pelas   u  ' ' 

ERREUR  DE  LIEU,  Error  loci. 

ER'RHINE,  Errhi'num  or  Er'rbinvm,  Ster- 
nutalo'rium,  Ster'nutatory,  Ptar'micum^  J)po- 
phlegmatisans  per  nares,  from  iv,  '  into,'  and  giv, 
•the  nose.'  A  remedy,  whose  action  is  exerted 
on  the  Schneiderian  membrane;  exciting  sneez- 
ing and  increased  discharge.  Errhines  have 
been  chiefly  used  as  local  stimulants  in  head 
affections.  The  chief  are:  Asari  Eolia,  Eu- 
phorbias gummiiesina,  Hydrargyri  sulphas  fla- 
vus.  Tabacum,  and  Veralrum  album. 

ERRII1NUM,  Sternutatory. 

ER'RHYSIS,  from  n,  'in,'  and  gtw,  'I  flow.' 
With  some,  a  draining  of  blood.  A  trifling 
hemorrhage. 

ERROR  LOd,  Apoplane'sis.  (F.)  Err  cur  de 
Lieu.  A  term,  frequently  used  by  Boerhaave 
to  expiess  deviation  of  fluids,  when  they  enter 
vessels  not  destined  for  them.  Boerhaave  ad- 
mitted several  orders  of  capillary  vessels;  the 
diameters  of  which  went  on  decreasing.  The 
largest  received  red  blood:  those  which  came 
next  received  only  white:  others  only  lymph; 
whilst  the  last  of  all  were  destined  for  yet  more 
subtile  fluids — for  a  kind  of  vapour.  When  the 
red  globules  entered  vessels  destined  for  the 
white,  or  the  white  those  intended  for  the  thin- 
ner fluids,  there  was,  according  to  the  theory  of 


ERUCA 


»M 


ERYTHEMA  CENTRIFUGUM 


Boerhaave,  an  error  loci; — the  proximate  cause 
of  inflarnmalion  and  other  mischiefs.  See  Aber- 
ration. 

ERUCA,  Brassica  eruca,  Sinapis. 

ERUCTATION,  (e,  and  ruclare,)  Ructa'lio, 
Ereug'mos,  Er'ygB,  Eructa'tio,  Kudus,  Ereux'is, 
Raft,  (N.  of  England,)  from  erutfare,  'to  belch.' 
Belching.  (F.)  Rut,  Rapport.  A  sonorous  emis- 
sion, by  the  mouth,  of  flatus  proceeding  from 
the  slomach. 

ERUGATORIA,  Tetanothra. 

&RUG  LWEUX,  .Eruginous. 

ERUP'TION,  Erup'tio,  from  erumpere,  (c, 
and  rumpere,)  'to  issue  with  violence,'  '  to  break 
out.'  This  word  has  several  meanings.  1.  The 
sudden  and  copious  evacuation  of  any  fluid 
from  a  canal  or  cavity, — of  serum,  blood,  pus, 
&c,  for  example.  2.  The  breaking  out  of  an 
exanthem;  and,  3.  The  exantbem  itself,  whe- 
ther simply  in  the  form  of  a  rash,  or  of  pus- 
tules, vesicles,  &c. — See  Cutaneous  diseases. 

Eruption.  Violet,  lonthus. 

E  ilUP'TIVE,  Eruptivus.  That  which  is  ac- 
companied by  an  eruption.  Thus  small-pox, 
measles,  scarlet  fever,  miliaria,  &c.  are  eruptive 
fecers.  The  term  eruptive  disease  is  nearly  sy- 
nonymous with  cutaneous  disease. 

ERVA  DE  SANCTA  MARIA,  Arum  dra- 
cunculus. 

ERVUM  ERVIL'IA,  O/obus.  (F.)  Lentille 
Ers,  ou  Orobe.  In  times  of  scarcity,  the  seeds 
have  been  made  into  bread,  but  it  is  said  not  to 
be  wholesome.  The  meal  was  once  much  used 
in  poultices:  it  was  formerly  called  Orobion, 
ooojiiov. 

Ervum  Lens,  Lens,  Pkucos,  the  Lentil.  (F.) 
Lentille.  The  seeds  are  eaten  in  many  places 
like  peas:  they  are  flatulent  and  difficult  of 
digestion. 

ERYGE.  Eructation. 

ERYNGIUM,  see  E.  Aquaticum. 

Eryn'gium  Aquat'icum,  Water  Eryn' go,  But- 
ton Snake  Root.  Nat.  Order,  Umbeiliferae.  This 
root,  Eryngium,  (Ph.  U.  S.,)  is  nearly  allied  to 
the  contrayerva  of  the  shops,  and  acts  more  es- 
pecially as  a  sudorific.  It  is  a  secondary  arti- 
cle in  the  Pharm.  U.  S. 

Eryngium  Campes'tre,  Centum  Cap'ita,  Ly- 
rin'givm,  Aster  inquina'lis,  Capit'u/um  Martis, 
Acus  Ytn'eris,  (F.)  Panicaut.  Char  don- Roland, 
is  sometimes  used  for  E.  maritinuim. 

Eryngium  Marit'i.mum.  The  Sea  Holly  or 
Eryngo,  JEtht'rea  Herba.  (F.)  Panicaut  Ma- 
ritime. Eryngo  root  has  a  slightly  aromatic 
odour,  and  sweetish  and  warm  taste.  It  is  con- 
sidered to  be  diuretic  and  expectorant,  but  its 
powers  are  so  weak,  that  it  is  scarcely  ever  used. 

ERYNGO,  SEA,  Eryngium  maritimum — e. 
Water.  Eryngium  aquaticum. 

ERYS'IMUM,  Erys'imum  officinale,  Sisym'- 
briuni  ojjicina'le,  Ghamaefplion,  Hedge-mustard. 
(F.)  Velar,  Turlelle,  Her  be  avx  chantres.  This 
was,  formerly,  much  used  for  its  expectorant 
and  diuretic  qualities.  The  seeds  greatly  re- 
sernhle  mustard. 

Erysimum  Alliaria,  Alliaria. 

Erysimum  Barba'rea,  Barba'rea,  (F.)  Herbe 
de  Saint",  Barbe,  has  been  ranked  amongst  the 
antiscorbutic  plants.     See  Alliaria. 

ERYSIP'ELAS,  from  sgtfw,  '  I  draw  in,'  and 
fl-fAac,  'near.'  Febris  erysipehtto'sa,  Fcbris  cry- 
sipeli'cea,  Em'phlysi.s  Erisip'elas,  St.  Anthony's 
fie,  Ignis  sancti  Anto'nii,  Hieropyr,  lcteri"tia 


rubra,  Ignis  surer,  Rose,  Rubea  ictiri''lia,  Vicini- 
tra'lia,  Vicinitrac'tus,  Brunus,  (F.)  Erysipele 
Feu  St.  Aatoine,  Feu  sacre,  Mai  Saint  Antoine. 
A  disease,  so  called  because  it  generally  extends 
gradually  to  the  neighbouring  parts.  Superfi- 
cial inflammation  of  the  skin,  with  general 
fever,  tension  and  swelling  of  the  part;  pain 
and  heat  more  or  lessacrid,  and  redness  diffused, 
but  more  or  less  circumscribed;  disappearing 
when  pressed  upon  by  the  finger,  but  returning 
as  soon  as  the  pressure  is  removed.  Frequently, 
small  vesicles  appear  upon  the  inflamed  part, 
which  dry  up  and  fall  off,  under  the  form  of 
branny  scales.  Erysipelas  is,  generally,  an 
acute  affection :  its  medium  duration  being  from 
JO  to  14  days.  It  yields,  commonly,  to  general 
refrigerant  remedies.  Topical  applications  are 
rarely  serviceable.  At  times,  when  the  dis- 
ease approaches  the  phlegmonous  character, 
copious  bleeding  and  other  evacuants  may  be 
required,  as  in  many  cases  of  erysipelas  of 
tlie  face  ;  but  this  is  not  commonly  necessary. 
In  most  cases,  indeed,  the  general  action 
seems  deficient,  and  it  becomes  necessary  to 
give  tonics. 

When  erysipelas  is  of  a  highly  inflammatory 
character,  and  invades  the  parts  beneath,  it  is 
termed  Erysip'elus phlegmono'des,  (F.)  Erysipele 
phlegmoneux,-  when  accompanied  with  phlyc- 
tens,  and  the  inflammation  terminates  in  gan- 
grene, Erysip'elus  gangrve.no 'sum,  (F.)  Erysi- 
pele gangreneuX;  and  when  associated  with 
infiltration  of  serum,  Erysip'elus  ademato'sum, 
(F.)  Erysipele  adematcux. 

Erysipelas  Gangrenosum,  see  Erysipelas — 
e.  CEdematosum,  see  Erysipelas— e.  Phlegmo- 
nodes,  see  Erysipelas  —  e.  Periodica  nervosa 
chronica,  Pellagra  —  e.  Phlyctenoides,  Herpes 
zoster — e.  Pustulosa,  Herpes  zoster— e.  Zoster, 
Herpes  zoster. 

ERYSIPEL'ATOUS,  Erysipelatous,-  be- 
longing to  erysipelas;  as  an  erysipelatous  af- 
fection. Erysipelatous  inflammation,  Culi'tis, 
Dermati'tis,  is  the  character  of  inflammation, 
vv.hich  distinguishes  erysipelas,  Erythe'ina  ery- 
sipeluto' sum. 

ERYSIPELE,  Erysipelas— 6.  Ambulant,  see 
Ambulant — e.  Gangreneux,  see  Erysipelas — e. 
(Edematevx,  see  Erysipelas — e.  Phlegmoneux, 
see  Erysipelas — e.  Serpigineux,  see  Serpiginous 
— e.  Pustuleux,  Herpes  zoster. 

ERYSOS.  Erythema. 

ERYTHF/MA,  from  Erythrai'os,  Er'ytlnos, 
'  red,  rose-coloured  ;'  from  tov&oog,  '  red.'  Enj- 
Ihre'ma,  (F.)  Enjlheme.  This  name  is,  some- 
times, given  to  erysipelas,  especially  when 
of  a  local  character.  It  is,  also,  applied  to 
the  morbid  redness  on  the  cheeks  of  the  hec- 
tic; and  on  the  skin  covering  bubo,  phleg- 
mon, &c.  It  forms  the  (ith  genus  of  the  3d 
order,  Exanthemata,  of  Bateman's  classification 
of  cutaneous  diseases  ;  and  is  defined,  "  a  nearly 
continuous  redness  of  some  portion  of  the  skin, 
attended  with  disorder  of  the  constitution,  but 
not  contagious.'-  Many  varieties  are  described 
by  dermatologists,  for  example,  E.  intertrigo, 
E.  fugax,  E.  papula1  turn,  E.  tuberculatum,  E. 
nodo'sum,  E.  lievB,  E.  centrifugum,  E.  marginal- 
turn,  and  E.  acrodyn'ia. 

Erythema  Acrodynia,  Acrodynum — e.  Am- 
bustio,  Burn — e.  Anthrax,  Anthrax. 

Erythe'ma  Centrif'ugum.  A  variety  of 
erythema  attacking  the  face,  commencing  with 


ERYTHEMA  ENDEM1CUM 


2:15 


ESSENCE 


a  small  red  spot,  and  spreading  around,  so  as, 
at  times,  to  affect  the  whole  lace. 

Erythema  Endemic  dm,  Pellagra — e.  a  Fri- 
gore,  Chilblain. 

Erythe'ma  Flgax.  Patches  of  erythema, 
that  sometimes  appear  on  the  body  in  febrile 
diseases,  teething  children,  &.c,  and  which  are 
of  brief  duration. 

Erythema  Gangrenosum,  Anthrax — e,  In- 
tertrigo,  Chafing. 

Erythe'ma  L.evk,  (F.J  Ary  theme  leger. 
Sliglit  erythema  affecting  the  skin,  as  in 
(Edema. 

Erythe'ma  Marginatum,  (F.)  Erytheme 
marginul.  A  form  in  which  tiie  prominent 
patches  of  erythema  are  distinctly  separated 
lrom  the  skin  at  their  margins. 

Eryth f.ma  Mercuriale,  Eezemamercuriale. 

Erythk'ma  Nodo'sum,  (F.)  itrytheme  nou- 
nix.  A  more  severe  form  of  Erythema  tuber- 
culatum. 

Erythe'ma  Papula'tum,  (F.)  Erytheme  pa- 
puleux.  Patches  of  erythema,  which  are  at 
first  populated,  appearing  on  the  face,  neck, 
breast,  Sao.,  of  females,  and  young  persons 
more  especially. 

Erythema  Pellagrum,  Pellagra — e.  Pernio, 
lain. 

Erythe'ma  Tuberculatum,  E.  tuberculo- 
sa m,  (F.)  Erytheme  tubercuLeux.  A  form  of 
erythema  in  which  the  patches  are  in  small 
lumps. 

Erythe'ma  Sola're.  A  name  given  by 
the  Italians  to  Pellagra,  (q.  v.)  owing  to  its 
being  attended  with  an  eruption  of  small  red 
spots  or  patches  on  the  parts  that  are  exposed 
to  the  sun. 

ERYTHEME,  Erythema—  e.  Lege?-,  Erythe- 
ma lu?ve — e.  Marginal,  Erythema  marginatum 
— 6.  Koueax,  Erythema  nodosum— e.  Papuleux, 
Erythema  papulatum— e.  Tuberculcux,  Erythe- 
ma tuberculatum. 

ERYTHR.EA  CENTAURIUM,  Chironia 
centaurium — e.  Chilensis,  Canchalagua,  Chiro- 
nia Chilensis. 

ERYTH  REM  A.  Erythema. 

ERYTHRODANUM.  Rubia. 

ER'YTIIROID  VES'iCLE,  Vesic'u/a  Ery- 
Ihroidea.  A  vesicle  of  the  feet  us  described  by 
Pockels  and  others.  It  is  pyriform,  and  much 
longer  than,  although  of  the  same  breadth  as, 
the  umbilical  vesicle.  Velpeau,  Weber,  and 
others  doubt  its  being  a  physiological  condi- 
tion. 

ERYTHRONIUM,  see  E.  Americanum. 

Ekythro'nium  America'num,  E  far i, m,  E 
dens  amis,  E.  lanceota'tum.  E.longifohum,  Com- 
mon Eiyilironium,  Yellow  Snake-leaf,  Yellow 
Adder's  tongue,  Adder-leaf,  Dog  vi'olet,  Rattle- 
snake vi'olct,  Lamb's  tongue,  Scrofula  root,  Yel- 
low Snowdrop.  This  plant  is  possessed  of  emetic 
properties,  but  is  rarely,  if  ever.  used.  The 
root  and  herb,  Erythronium,  (Ph.  U.  S..)  are  in 
the  secondary  list  of  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the 
U.S. 

Erythronium  Dens  Cams,  E.  Americanum 
— e.  Flavum,  E.  Americanum — e.  Lanceolatum, 
E.  Americanum — e.  Longifolium,  E.  America- 
num. _ 

ES'APHK,  from  taa<pao.  '  I  touch  with  the 
fingers.'  (F.)  Lc  Toucher.  The  introduction  of 
a  finger  or  fingers  into  the  vagina,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  examining  the  condition  of  the  uterus. 


It  is  employed  to  verify  the  existence  or  non- 
existence bf  pregnancy  and  its  different  stages; 
to  detect  certain  affections  or  faults  of  confor- 
mation in  the  genital  organs  and  pelvis;  and, 
during  the  process  of  accouchement,  to  examine 
into  the  progress  of  labour,  &c. 

ESCA,  Aliment. 

ESCARA,  Eschar. 

ESCARGOT,  Umax. 

ESCHALOTTE,  Achalotte. 

ESCHAR,  Es' chara,  Es' cara,  a  slough, a  crust 
or  scab.  The  crust  or  disorganized  portion, 
arising  from  the  mortification  of  a  part,  and 
which  is  distinguishable  from  the  living  parts 
by  its  colour,  consistence,  and  other  physical 
properties.  The  inflammation  which  it  excites 
in  the  contiguous  parts,  gives  occasion  to  a  se- 
cretion of  pus  between  the  living  and  dead 
parts,  which  ultimately  completely  separates 
the  latter. 

ESCARA,  Vulva. 

ESCHAROT'ICS,  Escharot'ica,  from  tci^u^u, 
'eschar.'  Any  substance,  which,  when  applied 
upon  a  living  part,  gives  rise  to  an  eschar,  such 
as  caustic  potassa :  the  concentrated  mineral  acids, 
&c. 

ESCHELLOIIE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
This  water  rises  at  the  foot  of  a  mountain  near 
the  convent  of  Etal  in  Bavaria.  It  is  a  sulphuro- 
saline. 

ESCORZONERA,  Scorzonera. 

ESCREPISSE,  Crab. 

ES'CULENT,  Esculen'tus  from  csca, '  food,' 
(F.)  Comestible.  Such  plants  or  such  parts  of 
plants  or  animals  as  may  be  eaten  for  food. 

ESO,  fs-ot,  •  within.'  A  prefix  which  signifies 
an  affection  of  an  internal  part ;  as  Ego enteritis, 
inflammation  of  the  inner  membrane  of  the  in- 
testines:—  Esogastri'tis;  inflammation  of  the 
inner  membrane  of  the  stomach,  &c. 

ESO'CHE,  i?v\-/rr  A  tumour  within  the  anus. 

ESO  CO  LITIS,  Dysentery. 

ESOENTER1TIS.  see  Enteritis. 

ESOGASTRITIS.'Endoo-astritis. 

ESPACES  1JVTERC0STAUX,  see  Costa. 

ESPECE,  Powder,  compound. 

ESPECES  VI  I..VAHAIRES,  Falltranck. 

ESPHLA'SIS,  from  ipZata,  '  I  break,  bruise,' 
&c.  A  fracture  of  the  skull  by  comminution, 
the  fragments  being  depressed.  See  Depression, 
and  Enlhlasis. 

ESPRIT,  Spirit — e.  d Ammonia  que,  Spiritus 
ammonia — c.  tVAnis,  Spiritus  anisi — e.  de  Cam- 
phre,  Spiritus  camphoras — e.  de  Cannel/e,  Spiri- 
tus cinnamomi —  e.  de  Corel,  Spiritus  carui — e. 
de  Geniivre  compose,  Spiritus  juniperi  composi- 
tus — e.  de  Lavande,  Spiritus  lavandula; — e.  de 
Lavande  compos?.,  Spiritus  lavandula;  composi- 
tus — e.  de  Men/he poivrie,  Spiritus  month®  pi- 
perita;— e.  de  Muscatle, Spiritus  myristicae — e.  de 
PouKot,  Spiritus  pulegii — e.  de  Raifort  compose, 
Spiritus  armoracia)  compositus — e.  de  Romurin, 
Spiritus  rosmarini — e.  de  Vin  delaye,  Spiritus 
tenuior — e.  de  Vin  rectifie, Spiritus  rectificatus. 

ESPRITS AJY/MAUX,  Nervous  fluid. 

ESqUILLE,  Splinter. 

ESQUINANC1E,  Cynanche,  Cynanche  ton- 
sillaris 

ESqUWE,  Smilax  China. 

ES'SENCE,  Essen'tia,  corrupted  from  existen- 
lia,  'standing  out.'  (?)  By  some  used  synony- 
mously with  volatile  oil ;  by  others,  with  siiii]>:c 
tincture.    The  oil  of  peppermint  is  the  oil  ob- 


ESSENCE  OF  COLTSFOOT 


2HG 


ETOUFFEMEXT 


tained  by  distillation;  the  essence,  the  oil  diluted 
with  spirit.     See  Tinct.  olei  mentbse. 

Essence  of  Coltsfoot,  see  Tinetura  ben- 
zoini  composita — e.  of  Musk,  Tinetura  moschi 
— e.  of  Mustard  Pills,  Whitehead's,  see  Sinapis 
— e.  of  Mustard,  Whitehead's,  see  Sinapis — e. 
of  Peppermint,  Tinetura  olei  mentha  piperita— 
e.  of  Spearmint,  Tinetura  olei  mentha  viridis. 
ESSENCES,  Olea  volatilia. 
ESSENTIA,  Tincture— e.  Aloes,  Tinetura 
aloes— e.  Absinthii  amara,  Tinetura  A.  com- 
posita — e.  Absinthii  composita,  Tinetura  A. 
composita— e.  Antimonii  seu  stibii,  Vinum  an- 
timonii  tartarizati — e.  Antiseptica  Huxhami, 
Tinetura  cinchona  composita — e.  Aromatica, 
Tinetura  cinnamomi  composita — e.  Castorei, 
Tinetura  castorei—e.  Catholica  purgans  Rothii, 
Tinetura  jalapii  composita. — e.  de  Cedro,  Oleum 
cedrinum— e.  China,  Tinetura  cinchona  com- 
posita—e.  Cinnamomi,  Tinetura  cinnamomi— e. 
Neroli,  see  Citrus  aurantium— e.  Corlicis  Pe- 
ruviani  antiseptica  Huxhami,  Tinetura  cincho- 
na comp. — e.  Corticis  Peruviani  composita, 
Tinetura  cinchona  amara. 

ESSSN'TIAL,  Essentia'lis.  The  word  essen- 
tial has  been  applied  to  the  immediate  or  ac- 
tive principles  of  vegetables,  which  were  be- 
lieved to  be  endowed  with  the  properties  of  the 
plants  from  which  they  were  extracted.  Es- 
sential oil  was  so  called  because  it  was  regarded 
as  the  only  immediate  principle  which  was 
essential.  This  expression  is  retained.  Essential 
salts  are  true  salts  or  extracts  which  exist,  ready 
formed,  in  vegetables;  and  which  are  obtained  by 
distillation,  incineration,  or  some  other  process. 
An  essential  disease  is  synonymous  with  an 
idiopathic  disease;  that  is,  one  not  depending  on 
any  other; —not  symptomatic. 

ES'SERA,  ES'SERE,  SORA,  or  SAIRE, 
Sare,  Morbus  porci'nus,  Rosa  saltans,  Urtica'ria 
porcellana,  (F.)  Ampoules,  Porcelaine.  A  spe- 
cies of  cutaneous  eruption,  consisting  of  small, 
reddish  tubercles  over  the  whole  body,  accom- 
panied by  a  troublesome  itching.  It  seems  to 
be  a  variety  of  lichen  or  urticaria.  See  Lichen 
tropicus. 

ESSIEU.  Axis. 

ESSOUFLEMEJVT,  Anhelatio. 
ESTHEMA,  Vestitus. 
ESTHESIS,  Vestitus. 

ESTHIOM'ENUS,  Estiom'enus,  from  caSta, 
<I  eat,'  Ex'edens.  That  which  devours  or  eats 
away.  Certain  ulcers  and  eruptions  are  so  called. 
EST V  V AL,  JEsti'vus;  happening  in  summer, 
belonging  to  summer.  This  epithet  is  given  to 
summer  diseases,  so  called  because  they  reign 
at  that  season,  and  appear  to  depend  on  the  in- 
fluence exerted  by  it  on  the  animal  economy. 
In  the  United  States,  the  term  summer  disease 
or  complaint  means  disorder  of  the  bowels,  as 
diarrhoea,  cholera  morbus,  &c. 
ESTOMAC,  Stomach. 

ESULA    MAJOR,   Euphorbia    palustris— e. 
Minor,  Euphorbia  cyparissias. 
ESURIES,  Hunger. 
ESURIGO.  Hunger. 
ESURITIO,  Hunger. 
ESYCHIA,  Acinesia. 
ETAGE,  Stage. 

ETAIN,  Tin — e.  de  Glace,  Bismuth — 6.  Gris, 
Bismuth. 

ETAT  GRAJVULEUX  DU  REIJV,  Kidney, 
Brii'ht's  Disease  of  the. 


ETERKDMENT,  Sneezing. 
ETESTICULATIO,  Castration. 
ETHER.  .-Ether— e.  Acetic,  see  ./Ether— e. 
Chloric,. Ether  chloricus— e.  Hydrochloric,  see 
yEther— e.  Hydrocyanic,  .-Ether  hydrocyanicus 
— e.  Muriatic,  see  ./Ether— e.  Nitric,  see  /Ether 
— e.  Nitrous,   see    .-Ether — e.    Phosphoric,  see 
.-Ether— e.    Rectified,   /Ether    sulphuricus— e. 
Sulphuric,  .Ether  sulphuricus. 
ETHEREAL,  .Ethereal. 
ETHEREE,  /Ethereal. 
ETHEREOUS,  /Ethereal. 
ETHERINE,   HYDROCYANATE    OF. 
.-Ether  hvdrocyanicus. 

ETH'MOID.  The  ethmoid  bone,  Os  cthmoi- 
de  inn,  Os  multiforme,  Os  spongiosum,  Os  spun- 
go'i'des,  Os  cribro'sum,  Os  cribrifor'mS,.Os  fora- 
minulen!  turn,  Os  colifor'ine,-  from  yd-ftos, <a  sieve,' 
and  e«5oc,  'form.'  (F.)  Os  Cribleux.  One  of 
the  eicrlu  bones  which  compose  the  cranium  ;  so 
called^  because  its  upper  plate  is  pierced  by  a 
considerable  number  of  holes.  The  ethmoid 
bone  is  situate  at  the  anterior,  inferior,  and 
middle  part  of  the  base  of  the  cranium.  It 
seems  to  be  composed  of  a  multitude  of  thin, 
fragile,  semi-transparent  lamina,  which  form 
more  or  less  spacious  cells,  called  the  Ethmoi- 
dal labyrinth  or  cells,  distinguished  into  anterior 
and  posterior.  These  communicate  with  the 
nose,  and  are  lined  by  a  prolongation  of  the  pi- 
tuitary membrane.  The  ethmoid  bone  is  con- 
stituted of  compact  tissue,  and  is  surrounded 
by  the  Ethmoid  suture.  It  is  articulated  with 
the  frontal  and  sphenoidal  hones,  the  cornua 
sphenoidalia,  the  superior  maxillary  hones,  the 
palate  bones,  the  ossa  turbinata  inferiora,  the 
vomer,  the  proper  bones  of  the  nose,  and  the 
lachrymal  bones. 

ETHMOID' AL,  Ethmoid  a' Us.  Belonging  to 
the  ethmoid  bone  ;  as,  Ethmoidal  cells,  E  suture, 
&c.  The  Ethmoidal  apoph'ysis  or  process  is 
the  advanced  part  of  the  sphenoid  bone,  which 
articulates  with  the  ethmoid.  The  ethmoidal  ar- 
teries are  two  in  number,  the  anterior  of  which 
arises  from  the  ophthalmic  artery.  The  origin 
of  the  other  varies.  The  Echancrure  ethmoidals 
of  the  os  frontis  receives  the  ethmoid  bone. 
The  Ethmoidal  veins  correspond  to  the  arteries. 
ETHMOSYNE.  Habit. 
ETHMYPHI'TIS,  Inflamma'tio  tela  cellulo'- 
sat,  from  rftuoc,  'a  sieve,'  i3?>;,  'texture,'  and 
itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  of 
the  cellular  membrane. 

ETHMYPHOTYLOS1S,  Induration  of  the 
cellular  tissue. 
ETHOS,  Habit. 

ETHULE,  CYANURET  OF,  /Ether. 
ETHUSE,   /Ethusa  cynapium— 6.  Meum, 
/Ethusa  meum. 

ETIOLA'TION.  (F.)  Etiolemcnt.    That  stale 
of  plants  which  occurs  in  consequence  of  pri- 
vation of  light,  when  they  become   pale  and 
watery.     In  pathology,  it  is  sometimes  used  to 
denote  the  paleness  produced  in  those  persons 
who  have  been  kept  long  without  light;  or  a 
similar  paleness,  the  result  of  chronic  disease. 
ETIOLEMENT,  Etiolation. 
ETIOLOGY,  /Etiologia. 
ETISIE,  Hectisis — e.    Mesenterique,   Tabes 
mesenterica. 
ETOILE.  Stella. 
ETOXjYE",  Stunned. 
ETOUFFEMENT,  Suffocation. 


ETOUIiDISSEMEA'T 


29? 


EUPHORBIA  IPECACUANHA 


/. TO URDISS  F.MEM',  Vertigo. 

£T1UJ\GLE$1EjXT,  Strangulation,  Hyste- 
ria— 6.  <lcs:  Intestine,  Enteremphraxis. 

EERIER,  Stapes. 

ETRON,  Abdomen,  Hypogastrium. 

ETRON'CUS,  from  ijt^ov, 'the  lower  belly,' 
and  o/^oc,  'a  tumour.'  A  tumour  of  the  lower 
belly. 

K TUVE,  Stove — e.  Humide,  Bath,  vapour. 

ATUVER,  to  Foment. 

EL',  en,  'good,  proper,'  when  prefixed  to 
words.      Hence: 

EUxE'MlA,  from  tv,  'well,'  and  Wa, 
'blood.'  Good  condition  of  the  blood. — Fer- 
nelius. 

EUiESTHE'SIA,  from  tv,  'well,' and aiirVs. 
'perception.'  Vigorous  perception.  A  good 
condition  of  the  perceptive  faculties. 

EU-/ESTHETOS.  Same  etymon.  One  whose 
senses  are  111  full  vigour,  from  tv,  'well,'  and 
aia&uvcpat .  '  I  feel.' 

EUANTHEMOK,  Anthemis  nobilis. 

EUCALYFJ'US  RESIMFERA,  see  Kino. 

EUCHYM'IA,  from  tv,  'well,'  and  Xvpeg, 
'juice  '     A  ffood  state  of  the  humours. 

EUCRA'SlA,  from  tv,  'well,'  and  xoaric. 
'  temperament, '  (q.  v.)     A  good  temperament. 

EUDIAPNEUS'TIA,  from  tvSnnvtvaros, 
'one  who  breathes  well.'     Easy  transpiration. 

EUELCES,  from  tv,  'well,'  and  saksc,  'an 
ulcer.'     One  whose  ulcers  rue  readily  healed. 

EU'EMES,  Euem'etos,  from  tv,  '  well,'  and 
tf*ea>,  '  1  vomit.'  That  which  readily  excites 
vomiting.     One  who  vomits  with  facility. 

EUETHES,  Benign. 

EUEX'IA,  from  a,  '  well,'  and  'izt?,  '  consti- 
tution.'     A  good  constitution. 

EUFRAISE,  Euphrasia  officinalis. 

EUGE'MA  CARYOPHYLLA'TA,  called 
after  Prince  Eugene.  Garrophytlus,  Curyo- 
phyl'lus  aromat'icus.  The  Indian  tree  which 
affords  the  cloce.  Order  Myrtaceae.  The  Clove 
or  Caryoplujl'lus,  C.  aromat'icus,  is  the  unex- 
panded  bud,  (F.)  Girofle,  Gerofie,  Gyrophle.  Its 
odour  is  strong,  aromatic,  and  peculiar;  taste, 
pungent  and  acrid.  Like  all  substances,  whose 
virtue  depends  upon  essential  oil,  it  is  stimu- 
lant and  carminative.  It  is  generally  used  as  a 
corngenl  to  other  remedies,  and  in  eases  where 
substances  containing  the  essential  oils  ate  de- 
manded. The  oil,  (F.)  Huile  de  Gerofie  — 
Oleum  caryophyl'li,  Oil  of  Cloves — has  the  pro- 
perties of  the  cloves. 

EUGION,  Hymen. 

EULOl'HIA.seeSalep. 

EUNUCH,  Eunu'chus  from  fui »;,  'the  bed,' 
and  ejKio, '  J  keep.'  Thin' dins,  Thla'sias,  ThliU- 
i"S,  Castro' t  us,  Excastru'tus,  Echu'tus,  Emnscu 
l'i'lt/s.  Spado,  Exsectus,  Extesticulu'tvs,  Ex'om'- 
tits,  Sem'ivir,  Semirrtascula'tus.  One  whose  or- 
gans of  generation  have  been  removed,  or  so 
altered,  that  he  is  rendered  incapable  of  re- 
producing his  species,  or  of  exercising  the  act  of 
venery.  Eunuchs  were  common  with  the  an- 
cient Romans.  In  Italy,  this  horrible  mutila- 
tion still  takes  place  to  improve  the  voice  ;  and, 
in  the  East,  eunuchs  have  the  surveillance  of 
the  seraglio. 

EUNFOHISMUS,  Castration. 

EUNUCHIUM  MECONIS,  Lettuce. 

EUNUCH  US.  Castralus. 

EUODES,  Beneolentia. 
20 


EUONYMUS,  Quassia  simarouba. 

EUPATHI'A, Euphoria,  from  tv, '  well,'  and 
7rudc$,  'suffering.'  A  disposition  for  beino- 
affected  by  pain  easily.  Also,  a  good  state  of 
health. 

EUPATOIRE  D'AVICEJME,  Eupatorium 
cannabinum — e.  Pcrcefeuille,  Eupatorium  per- 
foratum. 

EUPATORIUM,  Agrimony, Eupatorium  per- 
foliaturn. 

Eupato'rium  Cannab'inum,  (called  after  Mi- 
thiidates  Eupator.)  Eupato'riuni,  E  Arab'icum, 
Hemp  agrimony,  Eupnto'rium  of  Avic.cn' na,  Herb 
of  Saint  Cunegonde,  Trifo'tium  cerri'num,  Orig'- 
anum  anuat'icum,  (F.)  Eupatoire  d'  Avirenne. 
Family,  Synantherea?;  Sex.  Syst.  Syngenesia 
aequalis.  The  juice  of  this  plant  proves  vio- 
lently emetic  and  purgative,  if  taken  in  suffi- 
cient quantity.  It  has  been  considered  diu- 
retic, cathartic  and  emetic. 

Eupatorium  Connatum,  E.  perfolialum — e. 
Guaco,  Guaco — p.  Mesues,  Achillea  ageratum. 

Eupatobium  Perfolia'tum,  E.  CoTllia'tUm, 
Evpatorium — (Ph.  U.  S)  (F.)  Evpntnire  per- 
e.tfeuille,  Bones et,  Thor'ovghwort,  Thor'ovah- 
stem,  Thor' on ghwax,  Vegetable  antimony,  Cross- 
irort,  Agvewced,  Feverwort,  Indian  sage,  doepye. 
Teazel,  Sweating  plant,  is  a  plant  which  grows 
in  low,  wet  meadows  throughout  the  United 
States.  It  is  considered  to  be  stimulating,  tonic, 
emetic,  purgative,  diuretic,  and  sudorific!  Dose, 
gr.  xv.  of  the  powder,  as  a  gentle  purgative. 

Eupatorium,  Purple-stalked,  E.  purpu- 
reutn. 

Eupatorium  Pcrpo'redm,  Mohawk  tassel. 
Purple-stalked  Eupato'rium,  Trumpet  weed,  is 
used  in  similar  cases,  as  well  as  the 

Eupatokium  TkOcrifo'mom,  Wild  horehound, 
or  Germmiihr-leared  liorehound. 

EUPEP'SIA,  from  tv,  '  well,'  and  tettu,  'I 
digest.'  A  good  digestion.  The  antithesis  to 
dyspepsia. 

EUPHLCGIA,  from  tv,  'well,'  and  ifltyta, 
'I  burn.'     Mild  inflammation.     Variola,  (q.  v.) 

EU'PHONY,  Eupho'nia,  from  tv.,  '  well,'  and 
(fwvn.  'voice.'     An  agreeable  or  regular  voice. 

EUPllORBE  CYPRES,  E.  cyparissias-e. 
des  Morals,  E.  palustris — e.  Vomitive,  E.  ipe- 
cacuanha. 

EUPHOR'BIA  CAPITA'TA.  Caa  rim.  Ord. 
Euphorbiaeetp.  A  Brazilian  plant,  which  is 
strongly  astringent,  and  not  poisonous.  It  is 
considered  to  be  one  of  the  best  remedies  for 
the  bites  of  serpents.  It  is,  also,  called  Colu- 
bri'na  Lusitan'icn. 

Euphorbia  Coroi.t.a'ta,  or  Large  flowering 
spurge,  Milkweed,  Snakes'  milk,  Ipecacuanha, 
Hippo,  P. cm:,  Ipecac,  Mill;  purslnin,  Purge  root, 
Emetic  root,  Bowman's  rent,  Apple  root,  Indian 
Pin/sir,  has  similar  properties  to  the  last.  The 
dose  of  the  root  is  the  same. 

Euphorbia  Cvparis'sias,  Es'ula  minor,  77- 
thym'alus  pyparis'sia.  The  Cypress  spurge, 
(F.)  Eu-phorbe  cypres.  This,  like  most  of  the 
spurges,  is  very  acrimonious.  Amongst  the 
rustics,  it  wa.s  formerly  called  poor  man's  rhu- 
barb, and  was,  consequently,  a  laxative.  It  is 
not  used. 

Euphorbia  Hypericifo'lia.  A  native  .f 
the  United  States.  It  is  astringent  and  tonic. 
Used  in  infusion  —  f.  ^ss  to  Oj  of  boiling  water. 
Dose,  a  tablespoonfuT. 

E  v  p  n  o  k  is  i  a   I  p  k  c  a  c  u  a  s '  h  A ,  Ipccn cvanha 


EUPHORBIA  LATHYRIS 


EVENTRATION 


spurge,  (F.)  Euphoric  vomitive.  This  species  of 
spurge  is  common  in  the  southern  and  middle 
parts  of  the  United  States.  The  root  is  a  pow- 
erful emetic,  in  the  dose  of  from  five  to  fifteen 
grains:  twenty  grains  act  as  a  cathartic  like- 
wise. In  lanre  doses,  it  acts  as  a  narcotico- 
acrid. 

Euphorbia  Lath'vris.  The  systematic  name 
of  the  plant  which  affords  the  ksstr  culapu'lia 
seeds,  Catapu'tiu  minur,  Caper  spurge,  Lath' - 
yris,  Gar' den  spurge,  (Super  plant,  Moleplant, 
Tilkym'alus  latifo'lius.  The  seeds  possess  ca- 
thartic properties,  and  an  expressed  oil  of  the 
seeds —  Oleum  Euphorbias  Liithyr'idia—haa  been 
given  as  a  cathartic  in  the  dose  of  six  to  twelve 
drops. 

Euphorbia  Ojficjsa'rum.  The  systematic 
name  of  the  plant  which  affords  the  Euphorbium, 
Evphorbiae  gummi-resi'na,ia  greatest  abundance. 
The  euphorbium  is  an  inodorous  gum-resin,  in 
yellow  tears,  which  have  the  appearance  of 
being  worm-eaten.  It  enters  into  the  composi- 
tion of  some  plasters,  and  has  been  used  as  an 
errhine. 

Euphorbia  Palvs'tris.  The  greater  spurge. 
Es'ula  major,  TiUtym'alus,  Marsh  spurge,  (F.) 
Euphoric  dis  marais.  The  juice  is  given,  in 
Russia,  as  a  common  purge.  It  is  used,  too,  as 
an  irritant  in  tinea,  warts,  &c 

Euphorbia  Palustkis  and  E.  Vii.losa,  or  E 
Pilo'sa,  have  been  brought  forward  as  preven- 
tives of  hydrophobia — the  bitten  part  being 
washed  with  a  decoction,  and,  at  the  same  time, 
the  decoction  being  taken  internally. 

Euphorbia  Paka'lias,  TUhym'al-us  par  alias, 
Seu  spurge.  This  is  violently  cathartic  and 
irritating,  and  is  seldom  used. 

Euphorbia  Pii.osa,scc  Euphorbia  palustris 
— e.  Villosn,  see  Euphorbia. palustris. 

Jj^AU  the  spurges  are  vesicant  and  rube- 
facient, when  applied  externally. 

EUtTIORIA.  Eupathia. 

EUPHRAGIA,  Euphrasia  officinalis. 

EUPHRASIA  OFFICINALIS,  Oculu'ria, 
Evpfira'g'a,  Qphthal mica,  Eycbright,  (F.)  Eu- 
fraise,  CusseLunitte.  It  has  been  recommended 
in  diseases  of  the  eye,  but  is  unworthy  of  notice. 

EUPLAS'TIC,  Euplast'icus:  from  cb,  'well,' 
and  TiXzaow,  T  form.'  Having  the  capacity 
of  becoming  organizable  in  a  high  degree, — 
as  in  false  membianes  resulting  from  acute  in- 
flammation in  a  healthy  person. 

EUPNCE'A,  from  tv,  'well,'  and  «rtm,  'I  re- 
spire.''    Freedom  or  facility  of  respiration. 

EURHYTH'MIA,  from  tv,  '  well,'  and  qv9- 
uoc.  'rhythm.'     Regularity  of  the  pulse. 
'    EURIBALL  Juribali. 

EUROS,  sugoic, '  mould,  putrefaction,'  Mucor, 
Caries,     (q.  v.)     Corruption  of  the  humours. 

EURYOHORIA,  Sinus. 

EURYCLES,  Engastrimythos. 

-EURYCLITUS,  Engastrimythos. 

EURYSMUS,  Dilatation. 

EUSAR'COS,  from  iv,  'well,'  and  ouqI, 
'flesh.'     One  who  is  fleshy,  robust. 

EUSEMl'A,  from  sv,  'well,'  and  orjmor,  'a 
si<m.'  A  collection  of  good  si<rns. 
,  EUSTA'CHIAN  TUBE,  Tuba  Eustachia'na, 
Meu'tus  excus,  Tuba  JlrisLotel'ica,  Ductus  auris 
palati'  uusjter  a  Pala'  to  ad  Aurem.yV.)  Trompe  ou 
Conduit  (fEustachc,  Conduit  guttural  de  I'oreille 
— (Ch  )  This  tube  was  so  called  from  its  dis- 
coverer,   Euitachius.     It   is   partly    bony    and 


partly  cartilaginous;  extending  from  the  ca7ity 
of  the  tympanum  to  the  upper  part  of  the  pha- 
rynx. Its  length  is  about  two  inches;  the  bony 
portion,  which  belongs  to  the  temporal  bone, 
is  about  3-4ths  of  an  inch  long.  It  is  lined,  in- 
ternally, by  a  prolongation  of  the  lining  mem- 
brane of  the  pharynx.  Us  nerves  are  furnished 
by  the  palatine  branches  of  the  ganglion  of 
Meckel,  and  its  vessels  proceed  from  those  of 
the  pharynx  and  velum  pendulum.  The  use  of 
the  tube  seems  to  be,  to  permit  the  renewal  of 
air  in  the  cavity  of  the  tympanum. 

Eusta'chian  Valve,  Voice  of  Euslachius, 
Valvule  d'Eustachi  ou  d'Euslache.  A  membra- 
nous, semilunar  fold,  which  corresponds  to  the 
opening  of  the  vena  cava  inferior  into  the  right 
auricle  of  the  heart. 

EUSTHENl'A,  Vigor,  Exuberan' 'lia,from  tv, 
'well,'  and  othvos,  'strength.'  Flourishing,  ex- 
uberant health.— Hippocrates. 

EUTAXTA,  from  tv,  'well,'  and  tasaw,  'I 
arrange,'  Euthe'sia.  A  well  ordered  constitu- 
tion, in  which  every  part  has  its  proper  rela- 
tion. 

EUTHANA'SIA,  from  tv,  'well,'  and  $ara. 
toc,  'death.'     An  easy  death. 

EUTHESIA,  Eutaxia. 

EUTHYENTERON,  Rectum. 

EUTHYMTA,  An'imi  tranquil! 'Idas,  from  tv, 
'well,'  and  £uuu;,  'mind.'  Tranquillity  of 
mind.     A  good  state  of  the  mental  faculties. 

EUTROfHTA,  from  tv,  'well,'  and  T<)o<p„ 
'nourishment.'     A  good  slate  of  nutrition. 

EUTROPI11C,  Eutroph'icum,  same  ety- 
mon. A  term  introduced  into  medical  ter- 
minology by  the  author,  for  an  agent  whose 
action  is  exerted  on  the  system  of  nutrition, 
without  necessarily  occasioning  manifest  in- 
crease of  any  of  the  secretions. 

The  chief  eutrophics  are, —  mercurials,  the 
preparations  of  iodine,  bi  amine,  cod  liver  oil,  the 
preparations  of  gold  and  silver,  sulphui ,  sugar, 
and  sarsaparijla 

EUZOODYNAMIA,  Sanitas. 

EVAC'UANTS,  Evacuan'tia,  from  e,  and  r«- 
cuare, s to  empty,'  (F.)  Ecacuatifs.  Medicines 
are  so  called  which  occasion  a  discharge  by 
some  emunctory;  such  as  purgatives,  emetics, 
&c. 

&VACUATIFS,  Evacuants. 

RVACUATJO,  Excretion. 

EVACUATION.  Same  etymon.  The  dis- 
charge of  any  matter  whatever  by  the  natural 
passao-es  or  by  an  artificial  opening. 

£  I  '.VAT)  UISSEMEJVT.  Sy  n  co  pe . 

EVANROOT.  (ileum  Virginianum. 

EVAPORATION,  Evapora'tio,  Vaporafth, 
Exhala'tio,  from  e,  and  vaporare,  ;  to  emit  a 
vapour.'  Transformation  of  a  liquid  into  va- 
pour, in  order  to  obtain  the  fixed  matters  con- 
tained in  it  dry  and  separate  from  the  liquid. 
When  the  vapour  is  received  in  a  proper  vessel 
and  condensed,  the  process  is  called  Distilla- 
tion, (which  see.)  Evaporation  produces  cold, 
and  this  is  one  of  the  processes  by  which  tlie 
body  is  cooled,  through  the  evaporation  of  the 
perspiratory  fluid. 

E VAUX,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Evaux 
is  situate  in  Auvergne,  in  Fiance.  The  waters 
are  hydrosulphurous,  and  thermal. 

EVENTRATION,  Ecentra'tio,  Hypogastro- 
rix'is,  from  e,  '  out  of,'  and  venter,  '  the  belly.' 
A  tumour,  formed  by  a  general  relaxation  of 


EVENTUS 


299 


EXARTEMA 


the  parietes  of  the  abdomen,  and  containing  a 
great  part  of  the  abdominal  viscera.  Also,  ven- 
tral, hernia,  or  that  which  occurs  in  any  other 
way  than  through  the  natural  openings  of  the 
abdominal  parietes.  Lastly,  any  very  exten- 
sive wound  of  the  abdominal  parietes,  with 
issue  of  the  greater  part  of  the  intestines. 

EVENTUS,  from  e,  'out  of,'  and  venire,  'to 
come;'  Apobuinon,  Apobesom'enon,  Ecbesom'- 
mm,  Tcrmiua't.io  morbi.  The  event  or  issue  of 
a  disease,  either  favourable  or  unfavourable. 

EVERRIC'ULUM,  Specil'lum.  A  sort  of 
sound  or  scoop,  used  for  extracting  sand  or 
fragments  of  stone  or  clots  of  blood  from  the 
bladder,  after  or  during  the  operation  of  litho- 
tomy. 

EVERSIO  PALPEBRJE,  Ectropion. 

EVIGILATIOJV,  see  Sleep. 

EVIL,  THE,  Scrofula— e.  King's,  Scrofula.  , 

EV1RATIO,  Castration. 

EVIRATUS,  Castratus,  Eunuch. 

EVOLUTIO  SPONTANEA,  Evolution, 
spontaneous. 

EVOLUTION,  SPONTANEOUS,  Ver'sio 
seu  Evo/u'tio  spontanea,  from  e,  and  volvere,  •  to 
roll.'  A  term,  applied,  by  Dr.  Denman,  to 
what  he  considered  to  be  a  spontaneous  turn- 
ing of  the  fo2tus  in  utero,  in  an  arm  presenta- 
tion, in  consequence  of  powerful  uterine  con- 
tractions forcing  out  the  breech  and  feet,  whilst 
the  arm  recedes.  It  is  now  usually  considered 
to  be  a  doubling  of  the  foetus,  so  that  the  arm 
changes  its  position  but  little,  whilst  the  breech 
is  forcibly  expelled  before  the  upper  extre- 
mity;— the  case  becoming  similar  to  a  breech 
presentation. 

EVOMITIO,  Vomiting. 

EVU1/SION.  Avulsion,  Ecul'sio,  from  evel- 
Itrc.  (e,  and  nllerc.)  'to  pluck  out,'  Apotil'mos, 
Ectil'mos,  Tilmos.  The  action  of  plucking  out; 
forcible  extraction.  (F.)  .Irrachement.  This 
word  is  oftener  used  by  the  French  than  by 
the  English  surgeons,  for  the  act  of  extracting 
certain  parts,  the  presence  of  which  is  injuri- 
ous,— as  the  teeth,  &c. 

EXACERBATIO,  Paroxysm. 

EXACERBATION,  Exacerba'tio,  Exaspera'- 
tio,  Excresccn'tici,  from  exacerbare,  {ex,  and 
accrbus,)  'to  provoke,'  (F.)  Redoublement.  An 
increase  in  the  symptoms  of  a  disorder.  Often 
used  synonymously  with  paroxysm,  (q.  v.) 

EXACUM  SP1CATUM,  Cou'toubea  alba. 

EX^EMATOSIS,  Hamiatosis. 

EX^EMOS.  Exanguious. 

EX^E'RESIS,  from  eS,  'out  of,'  and  *i§«,,  'I 
take  away.'  A  surgical  operation,  which  con- 
sists in  drawing,  extracting,  or  removing,  from 
the  human  body,  every  thing  that  is  useless, 
noxious,  or  extraneous.  It  is  a  generic  term, 
which  includes  extraction, evulsion, evacuation, 
excision,  ablation,  amputation,  &c. 

Exj-eresis,  Extraction. 

EXAL'MA,  from  tl,  'out  of,'  and  alXoiim, 
'I  leap.'  Exakis.  Hippocrates  calls  thus  the 
displacement  of  the  vertebra?. 

EXALTATION  OF  THE  VITAL  FORCES, 
Exalta'tio  vi'rium.  This  expression  has  been 
used,  by  modern  pathologists,  to  designate  a 
morbid  increase  in  the  action  of  organs,  and 
partly  that  which  occurs  in  an  inflamed  organ. 
Some  use  exaltation  of  the  vital  forces,  and  in- 
fiammali  n  synonymously. 

EXAMBLOMA,  Abortion. 


EXAMBLOPIS,  Abortion. 

EXANASTOMOSIS,  Anastomosis. 

EX  AN  ASTROPHE,  Convalescence. 

EXANGl'A,  from  tijuyyiLOj,  (t;,  and  ayyog,  'a 
vessel,')  '  1  evacuate  from  a  vessel.'  Exanaei'a. 
An  enlargement  or  rupture  of  a  blood-vessel, 
without  external  opening.  A  genus,  in  the 
order  Dysthetica,  class  Ilaematica  of  Good.  It 
comprises  aneurism  and  varix. 

Exangia  Aneuhisma,  Aneurism. 

EXAN'GUIOUS,  Exscfmos,  Exsan'guis, 
from  ex,  'out  of,'  and  sanguis,  'blood.'  One 
who  seems  bloodless;  as  a  female,  who  has  suf- 
fered larjrelv  from  uterine  hemorrhage. 

EXANIA,  Proctocele. 

EXANIM  ATION,  Exanima'tio,  from  ex,  'out 
of,'  and  anima,  'the  spirit.'  This  word  has 
two  acceptations.  Sometimes,  it  means  real 
death,  corresponding  with  the  Greek  dararo;, 
mors.  At  others,  it  signifies  apparent  death, 
corresponding  with  the  Greek  axpv yta,  txipv yia, 
exXvaig,  An'irni  ddi'quivm. 

EX  A  NTH  EM,  Exanthema,  Anthe'ma  erup'- 
tio,  Epanlhe'ma,  Efflorescen'tia,  Exanthis'mu, 
Efflora'tio,  from  fijai-Sfw,  (fj,  and  av&ew,')  'I 
flourish.'  A  rash.  (F.)  Eleoure.  Under  this 
term  is  comprehended,  by  some,  every  kind  of 
eruption,  of  which  the  skin  is  the  seat.  Others 
comprehend  by  it  those  eruptions  that  are  ac- 
companied by  fever,  Eebres  exanthcrnat'icx : 
including,  under  the  head  of  the  major  exan- 
themata, those  which  attack  a  person  but  once 
in  his  life,  and  which  are  communicated  by 
specific  contagion;  and,  under  the  minor  exan- 
themata, those  which  are  not  marked  by  these 
characteristics.  Smallpox,  measles,  cow-pox, 
&c, belong  to  the  major: — Chicken-pox,  herpes, 
lichen,  &c,  to  the  minor.  The  general  accep- 
tation of  Exanthem  is,  however,  a  more  or  less 
vivid,  circumscribed,  or  diffuse  redness  of  the 
skin,  which  diminishes  or  disappears  transiently 
under  the  pressure  of  the  finger. 

Exanthem,  Carbukcular,  Anthracia — e. 
Ichorous,  Emphlysis — e.  Pustulous,  Empyesis 
— e.  Rash,  Ennnlhesis. 

EXANTHEMA,  Eminence — e.  Internum, 
Eisanthema — e.  Miliaria,  fever — e.Pestis,Plague 
— e.  Serosum,  Pemphigus — e.  Strophulus,  Stro- 
phulus— e.  Urticatum,  Urticaria — e.  Vaccina, 
Vaccina — e.  Varicella,  Varicella. 

EXANTHEMATICA.  Same  etymon.  Erup- 
tive fevers.  Cutaneous  eruptions,  essentially 
accompanied  with  fever; — the  third  order  in 
the  class  Hxmaiiea  of  Good. 

EXAMTHtME  INTE8TINALE,  see  Ty- 
phus. 

EXANTHESIS,  see  Efflorescence— e.  Ar- 
throsia.  Dengue — e.  Roseola,  Roseola — e.  Ru- 
beola, Rubeola. 

EXANTHISMA,  Exanthem. 

EXANTHROPIA,  Misanthropia. 

EXARAG'MA,  from  iluouaaw,  'I  tear  away,' 
'1  break.'  Collision,  violent  fracture  or  fric- 
tion. 

EXARCHIATER.  Chief  of  the  archiatri, 
or  chief  of  physicians,  a  title,  like  that  of  Comes 
ArchiatTo'rum,  given  to  the  chief  physician  of 
an  emperor  or  king.  Archiater  appears  to  have 
meant,  at  times,  the  same  thing. 

EXAR'MA,  from  tlaiQopat,  (ti,  and  a/oouoi,) 
'I  am  raised.'     A  prominent  tumour. 

EXAR'SIO.     A  binning  heat. 

EXARTEMA,  Amuletum. 


EX  ARTERITIS 


300 


EXENTERISMUS 


EX  ARTERITIS,  Exartcrii'tis,  from  tS, '  out 
of,'  and  urtcria,  'an  artery.'  inflammation  of 
the  outer  coat  of  an  artery. 

EXARTHREMA,  Luxation,  Sprain. 

EXARTHROMA,  Luxation. 

EXARTHROSIS,  Luxatio,  Sprain. 

EXARTICULATIO,  Luxatio. 

EXARYSIS,  Exhaustion. 

EXASPIRATIO,  Exacerbation. 

EXCLECARIA  AGALLOCHA.Agallochum. 

EXUALEFACTIO,  Echauffement. 

EXCARNATION,  Excarna'tio,  from  ex,  and 
caro,  '  flesh.'  A  mode  of  making  anatomical 
preparations,  which  consists  in  separating  in- 
jected vessels  from  the  parts  in  which  they  are 
situate.  This  is  done  by  means  of  corrosion 
by  an  acid  or  by  putrefaction. 

EXCASTRATIO,  Castration,  Eunuch. 

EXCATH1SMA,  Bath,  half,  Semicupium. 

EXCEREBRATIO,  Eccephalosis. 

EXCEREBRATUS,  Delirious. 

EXGIDENTIA,  Ecptoma. 

EXCIP'lEiNT,  Excip'iens,  from  excipere, 
(ex,  and  capere,)  'to  receive.'     (F.)   Intermede. 

A  substance,  which,  in  a  medicinal  prescrip- 
tion,gives  form  and  consistence  to  it,  and  serves 
as  a  vehicle  or  medium  for  the  exhibition  of  the 
other  ingredients. 

EXCIPULA,  Cup. 

EXCISIO,  EntaiUe. 

EXCIS'ION,  Excis'io,  from  excidere,  (ex, 
and  csedcre, )  '  to  cut  off';'  Ec'tnmS.  A  surgical 
operation,  by  which  parts  of  a  small  size  are 
removed  with  a  cutting  instrument. 

EXCITABIL'ITY,  EzcitaM'itas.  Irritabi- 
lity (q.  v.)  The  faculty,  possessed  by  living 
beings,  of  being  sensible  to  the  action  of  ex- 
citants. The  doctrine  of  excitability  forms  an 
important  part  of  the  Brunonian  system. 

EXCITANT,  Stimulant. 

EXCITATION  or  EXCITEMENT.  Same 
etymon;  from  excilare,  (ez,  and  citare,)  'to  ex- 
cite,' Excita'tio.  Act  of  exciting  or  state  of  an 
organ  or  organs  excited.  Excitement  is,  some- 
times, used  synonymously  with  augmented  ar- 
terial action.  The  effect  of  the  exciting  powers 
acting  on  the  excitability,  according  to  Brown, 
constitutes  excitement.  Culien  used  the  term  to 
express  the  restoration  of  the  energy  and  action 
of  the  brain,  which  had  been  interrupted  by 
sleep  or  some  debilitating  cause, — a  state  oppo- 
site to  that  of  collfipse.  Not  unfrequcntly  it  is 
employed  in  the  sense  of  excessive  action — 
Super-excita'tio.  (F.)  Sur  excitation. 

EXC1TO-MOTORY.  An  epithet  applied  by 
Dr.  Marshall  Hall  to  a  division  of  the  nervous 
system — comprising  the  gray  matter  of  the  spi- 
nal marrow,  with  the  afferent  and  efferent 
nerves  connected  with  it;  —  all  of  which  are 
concerned  in  irflex  actions.     See  Nerves. 

EXCORIATIO.  Ecdora. 

EXCORIATION,  Exnoria'tio,  Excoriatu'ra, 
Am'yche,  from  ex,  and  coriurn,  'skin.'  (F.) 
Ecnrchure.  A  slight  wound,  which  removes 
only  the  skin. 

EXCORIATURA,  Excoriation. 

EXCREATION,  Excren'tio,  Rasca'tio,  from 
ex,  and  scrcare, '  to  spit.'  Act  of  spitting.  (F.) 
Crachement.     See  Exspuitio. 

EX'CREMENT,  Excremen'tum,  Exme'tum, 
Excre'Ho,  Perito'ma,  Diachore'ma,  Jlpb.'odos, 
Apocho'rcon,  Apoc'risis,  Ardas,  Ar'dalos,  from 
f.xcernere,     (ex,    and    cernere,)    '  to    separate,' 


'cleanse.'  Every  thing,  which  is  evacuated 
from  the  body  of  an  animal  as  superfluous,  by 
the  natural  emunctories-.  such  as  the  fascal  mat- 
ters, the  urine,  perspiration,  nasal  mucus,  &.c. 
Generally,  however,  the  term  is  restricted  to 
the  faecal  evacuations; — Eurgumcnta,  lledra, 
Sedes,  Fxces  (q.  v.,)  Slercus,  Corel,  Spat'ill, 
(especially  when  liquid, )  Dejcc'tio  alvi'na, 
O'nera  alvi,  Sordes  ventris,  Calarrhcx'is,  Cop- 
ros,  Scor. 

EXCREMENTIT'IAL,  ExcrementW'ious, 
Excremevtitius.  (F.)  Excri.menteux,  Excrenten- 
titicl.  That  which  is  similar  to  excrement,  and 
forms  part  of  it.  Excrementilial  humors  or 
parts  are  those  destined  to  be  evacuated,  as  in- 
capable of  administering  to  the  nutrition  of  the 
body. 

E  X C  RE  M  E  NTO-RECREMENTIT"IAL, 
ExcrementO'recrementitious.  Animal  fluids,  in- 
tended to  be  partly  absorbed  and  partly  re- 
jected. 

EXCRES'CENCE,  Excresccn'tia,  Erphy'ma, 
Phymoto'sis,  Htjpei surco' sis,  Sarcophyia,  Caro 
excrescens,  from  excrescere.  (ex,  and  crcscere,) 
'  to  grow  outwards.'  (F.)  Excroissancc.  A 
tumor,  which  forms  at  the  surface  of  organs, 
and  especially  on  the  skin,  mucous  membranes, 
or  ulcerated  surfaces.  Excrescences  differ  in 
size,  shape,  cause,  &c,  and  each  requires  its 
own  treatment.  Warts,  condylomata,  polypi, 
hemorrhoids,  belong  to  this  head. 

EXCRESCENTIA,  Exacerbation,  Protube- 
rance, Tumour — e.  Carnosa,  Sarcoma — e.  Gin- 
giva?, Epulis. 

EXCRETIO,  Eccrisis,  Excrement— e.  Alvi- 
na,  Defecation — e.  Fsecum  alvinarum,  Defeca- 
tion— e.  Urin.ne  involnntaria,  Enuresis. 

EXCRETION,  Excre'tio,  Eracua'tio,  Ejecftio, 
Expul'sio,  Eges'lio,  Diachort/sis,  from  exceraen, 
(ex.,  and  cemere.,)  '  to  separate.'  The  separation 
or  throwing  off  of  those  matters  from  the  body 
of  an  animal,  which  are  supposed  to  be  useless, 
as  the  urine,  perspiration,  and  faeces. 

EX'CRETORY.  Excretu'rius,-  same  etymon. 
An  Excretory  vessel  or  duct  is  one,  which  trans- 
mits the  fluid  secreted  by  a  gland,  either  exter- 
nally or  into  the  reservoirs  in  which  it  has  to 
be  deposited.  The  existence  of  an  excretory 
duct  is  a  distinctive  character  of  the  glands 
properly  so  called. 

Excketop.y  Organ  means  any  one  charged 
with  the  office  of  excreting:  thus,  the  skin  is 
said  to  be  an  excretory  organ,  because  through 
it  the  perspiration  takes  place. 

EXCRETUM,  Excrement. 

EXCROISSJjYCE.  Excrescence. 

EXCUT1A  VENTRIC'ULI,  Stomach  Brush. 
An  instrument,  composed  of  iron  or  brass  wire, 
at  one  of  the  extremities  of  which  is  a  pencil 
of  bristles.  Some  ancient  authors  proposed  tliis 
to  extract  foreign  bodies  from  the  oesophagus, 
as  well  as  to  cleanse  the  stomach  of  viscid  and 
tenacious  matters  adhering  to  it. 

EXECHEBRONC11US,  Bronchocele. 

EXECHEGLUTI,  Esischioi. 

EXELCOSIS,  see  Ulceration. 

EXELCYS'MOS.  from  *;,  'from,'  and  eXuum, 
'I  draw.'  Extraction.  Also  the  act  of  breaking 
out  into  ulcers. 

EXELCYSMUS,  Extraction. 

EXENTERIS'MUS,  Excnteri'sis,  from  t%, 
'out  of,'  and  trctqov,  'an  intestine.'  The  ope- 
ration of  disembowelling  or  eviscerating. 


EXERAMA 


301 


EXOMPHALUS 


EXERAM'A,  from  thauoi,  'I  throw  out.' 
\ny  thing-  cast  out.  Vomiting;  or  the  matter 
vomited. —  Hippocrates. 

EX'ERCISE,  Exercilaftio,  Exerc!t"ium,  Asep- 
sis, Gymna'sion,  from  exercere, ' to  work.'  Every 
motion  of  the  hody,  arising  from  the  contrac- 
tion of  muscles  subjected  to  the  will.  Also, 
the  action  of  any  organ  whatever.  Exercise 
may  be  active  or  passice.  The  passive  are  re- 
ferred to,  under  the  head  of  Gestation.  The 
chief  active  exercises  are: — walking,  running, 
dancing,  hunting,  fencing,  playing  at  ball, 
cricket,  racket,  quoits,  swimming,  declamation, 
singing,  &c.  Exercise  is  an  important  prophy- 
lactic, particularly  for  those  disposed  to  be  ple- 
thoric. It  improves  the  digestion;  augments  the 
secretions;  and,  when  used  in  moderation,  gives 
strength  to  the  body;  but  when  carried  to  ex- 
cess, produces  debility  and  disease. 

EXERRHCSIS,  from  f|,  'out  of.'  and  g«o, 
'  I  How.'  The  discharge,  which  takes  place  by 
insensible  perspiration. 

EXF03TATION,  see  Pregnancy. 

EXFOLIATION,  Exfulia'tio,  Desqunma'tio, 
Ecltp'isis,  from  ex,  and  folium,  'a  leaf.'  By  this 
is  meant  the  separation  of  the  dead  portions  of 
a  bone,  tendon,  aponeurosis,  or  cartilage,  under 
the  form  of  lamellae  or  small  scales.  Exfolia- 
tion is  accomplished  by  the  instinctive  action 
of  the  parts,  and  its  object  is  to  detach  the  dead 
portions  from  those  subjacent,  which  are  still 
alive.  For  this  purpose  the  latter  throw  out  fleshy 
granulations;  and  a  more  or  less  abundant  sup- 
puration occurs,  which  tends  to  separate  the 
exfoliated  part, —  now  become  an  extraneous 
body.  The  ancients  distinguished  exfoliation 
into  sensible  and  insensible,  according  as  the  dead 
portions  of  bone  were  detached  in  fragments  of 
greater  or  less  size,  or  in  very  thin  pieces,  and 
in  an  almost  insensible  manner.  When  the  dead 
part  embraces  all  or  almost  all  the  substance  of 
a  bone,  it  takes  the  name  Sequestrum. 

EXFO'LIATI  V  E,  Exfoliati'vus,  Desquamato'- 
rius.  That  which  takes  away  by  leaves  or 
scales.  The  term  has  been  applied  to  certain 
medicines  which  were  regarded  as  proper  to 
hasten  exfoliation,  such  as  alcohol,  oil  of  tur- 
pentine, tincture  of  myrrh,  &c. 

Exfoliative  Trepan,  Eclepisitrep'  anum ,  is 
an  ancient  raspatory,  or  instrument  for  scraping 
exfoliating  portions  of  bone.    • 

EXHALAISON,  Exhalation. 

EXHA'LANT,  Exka'lent,  Exha'lnns,  from  ex- 
halare,  (ex,  and  hulare,  'to  breathe,')  'to  exhale,' 
'  throw  out.' 

Exhalant  Vessels  are  very  minute,  and  arise 
from  the  arterial  capillary  system.  They  are 
situate  in  every  tissue  of  the  body,  and  on  the 
surfaces  of  the  mucous  and  serous  membranes 
and  skin;  on  which  each  pours  its  particular 
fluid.  Bichat  distinguished  three  sets.  1.  The 
external,  terminating  on  the  mucous  and  exter- 
nal dermoid  system,  where  they  pour  the  matter 
of  perspiration.  2.  The  internal,  comprising 
those  of  the  cellular  and  medullary  tissues,  and 
of  synovial  surfaces:  and,  3.  The  nutritive  ex- 
kalants,  which  vary  in  each  organ  where  they 
are  found;  and  preside  over  the  phenomena  of 
composition  and  increase  of  every  part  of  the 
body-  The  exhalantsare  the  antagonists  of  the 
absorbents.  They  are  imaginary  vessels,  inas- 
much as  they  cannot  be  detected. 

EXHALATIO,  Evaporation. 


EXHALATION,  Exha  latio ,-  same  etymon. 
Anathymi'asis,  (F.)  Ex/talaison.  A  function,  by 
virtue  of  which  certain  fluids,  obtained  from  the 
blood,  are  spread,  in  the  form  of  dew,  in  the 
areola?  of  the  different  textures,  or  at  the  sur- 
face of  membranes ;  either  for  the  sake  of  being 
thrown  out  of  the  body,  or  to  serve  for  certain 
purposes.  The  sweat  is  a  liquid,  excrementi- 
lious  exhalation,-  the  serous  fluid  of  the  pleura 
a  liquid,  recrement* itious  exhalation. 

Exhalation  is,  also,  applied  to  that  which  ex- 
hales from  any  body  whatever,  organic  or  inor- 
ganic, dead  or  living. 

Exhalation,  Pulmonary,  see  Perspiration. 

EXHAUSTION,  Exar'ysis,  Vires  exhanst'se, 
from  exhaurire,  (ex,  and  haurire,)  'to  draw  out,1 
(F.)  Epuisement.  Loss  of  strength,  occasioned 
by  excessive  evacuations,  great  fatigue  or  pri- 
vation of  food,  or  by  disease. 

EXHUMA'TI0N,Ea;/zw/n«'£/6.  Effos'sio,  from 
ex,  and  liumus. '  the  ground.'  The  disinterment 
of  a  corpse.  The  circumstances  which  render 
this  necessary  are: — 1.  Judicial  investigations 
relative  to  the  body  of  the  person  inhumed.  2. 
The  removal  of  a  body  from  one  cemetery  to 
another:  and,  3.  The  evacuation  of  cemeteries 
or  sejmlchral  vaults.  The  operation  is  attended 
with  much  unpleasant  smell  and  annoyance, 
and  requires  the  use  of  disinfecting  agents,  of 
which  the  most  powerful  is  chlorinated  lime. 
See  Disinfection.  The  putrid  effluvia  from  ani- 
mal substances  are  not,  however,  found  to  ex- 
cite endemic-disease. 

EXIS'CHIOS,  from  e£,  'out  of,'  and  ki<%_ioi>, 
'  the  ischium.'  A  luxation  of  the  os  femoiis. 
All  those  with  large  nates,  and  prominent  hips, 
were  called  Exiscnioi  and  Exer.hegluti. 

EXITU'RA.  According  to  some,  any  ab- 
scess which  discharges.  Paracelsus  calls  thus 
everv  kind  of  putrid  excrement. 

EXO  ARTERITIS,  see  Arteritis. 

EXOCARDIAC,  see  Endocardiac. 

EXOCARDIAL,  see  Endocardiac. 

EXO'CH  AS,  £zo'c/ie,  from  e^o.,' without, 'and 
f^w,  'I  have.'  A  soft  tumour  without  the  anus: 
outward  piles. 

EXOCHE,  Eminence. 

EXOCOLITIS.  see  Colitis. 

EXOCYS'TE,  Exocys'tis,  from  t%,  'out  of," 
and  y.vaTtc,  '  the  bladder.'  A  prolapsus  of  the 
bladder  into  the  urethra.  Also  called  Prolap'- 
sus  vesi'cx,  JEdopto'sis  vesi'ese.  (F.)  Renverse- 
rnerit,  cle  la  vessie. 

Exocvs'te  Noelia'na  ;  when  the  inner  mem- 
brane of  the  bladder  is  protruded.  So  called 
from  M.  Noel,  who  first  accurately  described  it. 

Exocvs'te  Solingenia'na  ;  when  the  neck 
of  the  bladder  is  protruded.  Called  after  M. 
Solino-pn.  who  first  accurately  described  it. 

EXCEDESIS,  Swelling. 

EXOGOGE,  Extraction. 

EXOLVE  or  EXOEJVE,  from  ex, '  out  of,'  and 
ic/oncus,  '  fit,'  or  rather  from  rxonera're,  '  to  exo- 
nerate.' In  France,  a  certificate  of  excuse,  ex- 
emption, or  dispensation,  given  to  those  sum- 
moned to  appear  before  a  court  of  justice,  and 
who  are  unable  to  do  so. 

EXOLCE,  Extraction. 

EXOMETRA.  Prolapsus  uteri. 

EXOMOIOSIS,  Assimilation. 

EXOMPHALOCELE,  Exomphalus. 

EXOM'PHALUS,  Exumbilicd tio .  Exnm'pha- 
loce'le,  Oat'pholoce'le,  Hernia  umbilical  lis,  (F.) 


EXOMPHALUS  AQUOSUS 


302 


EXPERIENCE 


Hemic  ombilicale,  H.  du  nombril,  Umbilical  Her- 
nia, from  eg,  'out  of,'  and  ontpalag,  '  the  navel.' 
Hernia  occurring  at  the  navel.  This  affection 
happens  more  frequently  in  infants,  and  takes 
place  by  the  umbilical  ring  itself.  In  adults,  it 
occurs  more  commonly  in  females  than  in 
males;  and,  when  it  does  so,  the  sac  passes  in 
the  vicinity  of  the  umbilicus.  The  oro-ans,  found 
in  this  kind  of  hernia,  are  particularly, — the 
epiploon,  the  jejunum,  the  arch  of  the  colon, 
and  sometimes  the  stomach.  The  tumour  is,  in 
general,  round,  and  presents  all  the  characters 
of  hernia.  It  is,  commonly,  readily  reducible, 
and  not  subject  to  strangulation.  It  must  be 
reduced,  and  retained  by  an  elastic  bandage, 
made  in  the  form  of  a  girdle,  and  furnished  with 
a  pad  at  its  middle  part.  When  strangulated, 
the  stricture  may  be  divided  upwards  and  to- 
wards the  left  side. 

Exomphai.us  Aquosus,  Hicmomphalum. 
EXOiNCO'MA,   from  eg,  and  oy^oc,  'a  tu- 
mour.'    A  large,  prominent  tumour.     Used,  by 
Galen,  for  protuberance  of  the  vertebra?  after 
luxation. 

EXONCOSIS  LINGILE,  Glossoncus. 
EXONEIROSIS,  Pollution. 
EXONEURISM,  Magnetism,  animal. 
EXOPHTHAL'MIA,  Ptosis  Bui  hi  Oculi,  Ex- 
orlitis'mvs,  Ophthal'moee'le,  Ophlhalmopto'sis, 
Oculi  totius  prominentia,  from  eg,  'out  of,'  and 
otpdaxuog,  'eye.'  (F.)  Procidence,  de  I'ail.  A 
protrusion  of  the  eye  from  its  orbit,  occasioned 
by  an  abscess  or  tumour  in  the  cellular  texture 
of  the  orbit;  by  exostosis  of  the  parietes  of  the 
orbit,  &c.  In  exophthalmia,  the  eye  is  pressed 
forwards;  the  eyelids  are  raised  and  separated, 
so  that  they  can  no  longer  cover  the  eye  and 
defend  it  from  the  action  of  extraneous  bodies: 
it  becomes  inflamed,  and  the  sight  is  disturbed 
or  destroyed.  The  treatment  of  course  depends 
upon  the  cause. 

EXORB1TISMUS,  Exophthalmia. 
EXORMIA,  Papula— e.  Lichen,  Lichen— e. 
Prurigo,  Prurigo — e.  Strophulus,  Strophulus. 

EXOSMO'SE,  Exosmosis,  Transvda' tion, from 
sg,  'out  of,'  and  viciuog,  'impulse.'  The  opposite 
to  Endosmose:  the  act  by  which  substances 
transude  from  within  to  without  an  animal  or 
other  membrane. 

EXOSMOTIC,  Exosmot'icus:  same  etymon. 
Belonging  to  Exosmose:—  as  an  exosmotic  cur- 
rent. 

EXOSSATIO,  Exostosis. 
EXOSTEMA    CARHLEA,  Cinchona;  cari- 
baece  cortex. 

EXOSTOSE,  Exostosis— e.  des  Dents,  Exos- 
tosis dentium. 

EXOSTO'SIS,  Hyperostosis,  Emphy' 'ma, Ex- 
ostosis os'tea,  Exossa'tio,  Ossis  eminen'tia,  from 
eg,  '  out  of,'  and  to-jiov,  '  a  bone.'  An  osseous 
tumour,  which  forms  at  the  surface  of  bones, 
or  in  their  cavities.  Various  kinds  have 
been  enumerated.  Yvory  Exostosis,  Exoslose 
cburncc; — that  which  has  the  appearance  and 
consistence  of  ivory.  Lam'inar  Exostosis;  E 
Lamince,- — that  which  is  formed  of  lamina?  in 
superposition  or  of  distinct  filaments.  The 
Spongy  Exostosis  is  that,  whose  structure  is 
analogous  to  the  spongy  tissue  of  bones.  Ex- 
ostoses are  sometimes  distinguished  into  the 
true.,  which  seem  to  be  a  projection  of  the  os- 
seous substance,  and  which  have  the  same  or- 
ganization and  hardness  as  that  substance;  and 


the  false,  or  osteo-sarcoma.  Exostosis  may  de- 
pend on  syphilis,  scrofula,  rickets,  gout,  &c. 
In  such  cases,  it  is  important  to  get  rid  of  the 
primary  disease. 

Those  exostoses  which  occur  within  the  bones, 
have,  by  some,  been  called  Enosloscs. 

Exostosis,  Spina  ventosa. 

Exostosis  Dentium,  (F.)  Exoslose  des  Dents. 
Exostosis  of  the  teeth. 

Exostosis  Steatomatodes,  Osteosteatoma. 

EXOT'IC,  Exo'ticns,  from  e;u>,  'without.' 
That  which  comes  from  abroad.  Plants  or 
drugs  which  are  procured  from  abroad,  are  so 
called.     It  is  opposed  to  indigenous. 

EXOTICADE'NIA,  from  Exotic,  and  aStw, 
'I  dislike.'     Aversion  for  exotic  drutrs. 

EXOTICHjEMATOSIS,  Transfusion. 

EXOTICOMA'iNJA.  The  opposite  to  exoti- 
cadenia.     Fondness  for  exotic  remedies. 

EXPAN'SION,  Expan'sio,  from  expander  e., 
(ex  and  pandere,  'to  open,')  'to  spread  out.' 
A  prolongation,  or  spreading  out,  presented  by 
certain  organs.  Thus,  we  say  an  aponeurotic 
expansion,  &c. 

EXPATRATIO,  Ejaculation  (of  Sperm.) 

EXPECTANT,  Expcc'tans,  from  ezpectare, 
(ex,  and  spectare,  'to  look,')  'to  wait.'  That 
which  waits: — as  Expectant  Medicine, — La  Me- 
decine  expect  ante.     See  Expectation. 

EXPECTATION,  Expecta'tio,-  same  etymon. 
The  word  expectation  has  been  applied,  in  me- 
dicine, to  that  method,  which  consists  in  ob- 
serving the  progress  of  diseases,  and  removing 
deranging  influences,  without  prescribing  ac- 
tive medicines,  unless  such  shall  be  imperiously 
required.  It  consists,  in  fact,  in  leaving  the 
disease  almost  wholly  to  the  efforts  of  nature, 
and  has  been  termed  the  art  of  curing  diseases 
by  expectation  or  waiting. — ,3rs  sanan'dicum  ex- 
pecta'tione. 

EX  PEC'TO  RANT,  Expec'torans,Anacalharf- 
ticus,  Ptys' magogue, from  ex,  'out  of."  and  pectus, 
•  the  breast.'  A  medicine  capable  of  facili- 
tating or  provoking  expectoration.  There  is 
probably  no  such  thing  as  a  direct  expectorant. 
They  all  act  through  the  system,  or  by  impres- 
sions made  on  parts  at  a  distance,  which, 
through  the  medium  of  general;  continuous,  or 
contiguous  S37mpathy,  excite  the  secretory  ves- 
sels of  the  air-passages  into  action.  The  fol- 
lowing are  the  chief  reputed  expectorants:— 
Ammoniacum;  Asafcetida;  Galbanum;  Ipeca- 
cuanha; Myroxylon;  Myrrha;  Inhalations,  (of 
Iodine,  Stramonium,  Tar,  Burning  Wool,  To- 
bacco. &c.;)  Scilla;  Senega,  and  Tolutanum. 

EXPEOTORATIO  SANGUINIS,  Haemop- 
tysis—e.  Solids,  Cvnanche  tracbealis, 

EXPECTORATION,  Expectora'lio,  EccheF- 
ysis,  Bex  hu'mida,  Jlnap'tysis,  jinacatlwr'sis, 
tfis,  same  etymon.  The  act  of  expelling 
from  the  chest  matters  or  secretions  there  col- 
lected or  existing.  It  is,  likewise,  used  for  the 
expectorated  matter. 

EX  PELL  ENS.  Expulsive. 

EXPEDIENCE,  Experien'tia,  Peira,Empci'- 
ria,  from  t'~,  and  ntiqu,  '  a  trial.'  A  knowledge 
of  things  acquired  by  observation.  In  medicine, 
this  knowledge  can  be  obtained  both  by  the 
practitioner's  own  experience,  and  by  that  ob- 
tained from  liT-dition  and  from  books.  To  profit 
by  experience  requires  a  mind  capable  of  appre- 
ciating the  proper  relations  between  cause  and 
effect;  and  hence  it  happens,  that/c&e  expert- 


EXPERIENCE 


303    EXTENSOR  CARPI  RADIALIS  ERE  VIS 


ence,  Expcricn'tia  fallax,  is  extremely  common; 
and  that  a  man  had  better,  in  many  instances, 
trust  to  that  which  he  has  learned  from  others, 
than  to  his  own  fallacious  observation. 

The  union  of  accurate  observation  by  the 
physician  with  that  handed  down  by  medical 
writers  constitutes  perfect  experience,  so  far  as 
it  is  attainable  in  any  individual  case. 
EXPERIENCE,  Experiment 
EXPERIMENT,  Exp  crimen' turn;  same  ety- 
mon. (F.)  Experience.  A  trial,  made  on  the 
bodies  of  men  or  animals,  for  the  purpose  of 
detecting  the  effect  of  a  remedy,  or  of  becoming 
better  acquainted  with  their  structure,  func- 
tions, or  peculiarities.  In  a  more  general  sense, 
it  means  any  trial  instituted  with  the  intent  of 
becoming  better  acquainted  with  any  thing. 
By  experiments  on  living  animals,  we  have  ob- 
tained much  valuable  information  in  the  vari- 
ous departments  of  medicine;  but  particularly 
in  physiology  and  toxicology. 

EXPERT,  (F.)  Exper'tus,  from  ex,  and  pe.ri- 
tus,  '  skilled.'  Skilful,  or  of  good  experience. 
A  physician,  charged  with  the  duty  of  making 
a  report  upon  any  case  of  legal  medicine. 

EXPIRATION,  Ec'pnoe,  Ecpneumutu'sis, 
Ecpneu'sis,  from  expirare,  (ex,  and  spirare,)  'to 
breathe  out.'  The  act  of  expelling,  from  the 
chest,  the  air  received  in  during  respiration. 

EX'PIR  ATOR  Y,  Ezpiratio'ni  inser'viens. 
The  expiratory  muscles  are  all  those  which 
contribute  to  diminish  the  cavity  of  the  chest, 
for  the  purpose  of  expelling  the  air  contained 
in  the  lungs,  or  of  producing  expiration.  These 
muscles  are,  chiefly,  the  intercostals,  triangu- 
laris sterni,  quadratus  lumborum,  serratus  pos- 
ticus inferior,  the  oblique  and  recti  muscles  of 
the  abdomen,  the  sacro-lumbalis,  &c. 

EXPLORATION,  Exploru'tio,  from  cx.plo- 
rare,  'to  search  into.'  The  act  of  observing 
and  attentively  examining  or  investigating 
every  thing  connected  with  a  case  of  disease. 
The  word  is  chiefly  used,  in  this  sense,  by  the 
French  practitioners. 

EXPLORATOR1UM,  Sound. 

EXPRESSION,  Expres'sio,  Ecpies'mos,  Ecth- 
tipsis,  from  ex,  'out  of,'  and  premere,  'to  press.' 
The  act  of  compressing  a  substance,  for  the 
purpose  of  separating  from  it  the  fluids  which 
it  contains.  Also,  the  manner  in  which  impres- 
sions made  upon  us  are  depicted  ;  especially 
in  the  traits  of  the  countenance. 

Expression  of  Sweat,  (F.)  Sueur  d'expres- 
sion,  is  a  term  given  to  the  passive  perspiration 
observable  in  very  debilitated  individuals. 

EXPULSIO,  Excretion — e.Fsecum,  Defeca- 
tion. 

EXFUL'SIVE,  Ezpcl'lens,  Expulso'rivs,  from 
expel/ere,  '  to  drive  away.'  An  expulsive  ban- 
dage,  (F.)  Bandage  expulsif,  is  one  constructed 
with  the  view  of  compressing  a  part,  from  which 
we  are  desirous  of  expelling  pus,  serum,  ccc. 
Certain  medicines  were,  formerly,  called  expul- 
sive*, which  were  believed  to  have  the  power  of 
driving  the  humours  towards  the  skin; — as  dia- 
phoretics and  sudnrifjes. 

EXSANGUINITY,  Anemia. 

EXSAN  GUIS.  Exanguious. 

KXSARCOMA,  Sarcoma. 

EXSECTIO  VIRILIUM,  Castration. 

EXSECTUS,  Castratus,  Eunuch. 

EXS1CCATIO,  Drying. 

EXS1CCAT1VA,  Desiccaliva. 


EXSOLUTIO,  Eclysis. 

EXSPUI'F'ION,  Expvii/'in,  Spuit"io,  Sputa?* 
tio,  Ptysi/ia,  Anacliremp  sis,  Slpochremp'sis,  Pty- 
sis,  from  ex,  '  out  of,'  and  spvo,  '  1  spit.'  Re- 
jection of  the  matters  accumulated  in  the  pha- 
rynx and  larynx;  spitting. 

EXSTROPH'IA,  Ex'slrophy.  from  i|,  'out 
of,'  and  <rrrioyi],  'turning.'  Extroter'sio,  Extro- 
version. A  term,  used  by  M.  Chaussier  for  cer- 
tain displacements  of  organs,  and  especially  of 
the  urinary  bladder. 

Exstrophia  or  Exstrophy  of  the  Bladder, 
(F.)  Renversement  de  la  Vessie,  is  a  faulty  con- 
formation; in  which  the  organ  opens  above  the 
pubes;  so  that  in  the  hypogastric  region  there 
is  a  red,  mucous  surface,  formed  by  the  inner 
coat  of  the  bladder;  and  on  which  two  promi- 
nences are  distinguishable,  corresponding  to  the 
openings  of  the  ureters. 

EXSUCCATIO.  Ecchymoma. 

EXSUCTIO,  Suctio,  Ecmyze'sis,  from  ex, 
'out  of,'  and  succus,  'a  juice.'  The  action  of 
sucking. 

EXSUDATIO,  Ephidrosis. 
EXSUFFLATIO,  Ecphvsesis. 
EXTAS1S,  Ecstasis. 
EXTEM 1'  O  R A'N E 0  U  S,  Extempora'neus, 

Extempora 'lis ,  from  ex,  and  tempore,  'out  of 
time.'  Those  prescriptions  are  culled  'extem- 
poraneous,' or  magistral  (q  v..)  which  are  made 
on  the  spot,  and  composed  according  to  the  pre- 
scription of  the  physician. 

EXTENSEUR  COMMUN  DES  DOIGTS, 
Extensor  digitorum  communis — c.  Com/nun  des 
ortcils,  Extensor  communis  digitorum  pedis — e. 
Court  du  pouce,  Extensor  pollicis  brevis — e. 
Long  da  pouce,  Extensor  longus  pollicis — e. 
Petit  des  orteils,  Extensor  brevis  digitorum 
pedis— t.  Propre  du  petit  doigt,  Extensor  pro- 
prius  minimi  digiti — e.  Propre  de  I  Index,  Ex- 
tensor proprius  indicis. 

EXTENSIBILITY,  Extensible itas.  A  pro- 
perty, possessed  by  certain  bodies,  of  being  ca- 
pable of  extension  or  elongation. 

EXTENSIO,  Tetanus. 

EXTEN'SION,£;r/e«'i7o.  Tasis, Entasis,  Ca- 
tat''asis,  Jinat'asis,  from  extendere,  (ex,  and 
tendere.)  '  to  stretch  out.'  An  operation,  in 
surgery,  by  which  we  pull  strongly,  either 
with  the  hands  alone,  or  by  straps,  a  fractured 
or  luxated  limb,  to  restore  it  to  its  natural  posi- 
tion.    It  is  the  opposite  of  Counter-extension. 

EXTEN'SOR.  Same  etymon.  (F.)  Exten- 
scur.  A  muscle,  whose  office  is  to  extend  cer- 
tain parts. 

Extensor  Brevis  Digito'iium  Pedis,  Ped!- 
icus,  Calcaneo  phalanginien  commun,  of  Dumas; 
Muscle  pedieux,  Muscle,  petit  extenseur  des  orteils. 
( 'u'cii  n  eo-sus-ph  u  Ian  gelt  ien  com  m  un  —  (C  h . . )  Cur- 
re  du  pied,-  Short  Extensor  of  the  Toes.  A  mus- 
cle, situate  on  the  dorsal  region  of  the  foot.  It 
arises  from  the  external  surface  of  the  calca- 
neum,  and  at  the  anterior  edge  of  a  ligament, 
which  unites  that  bone  to  the  astragalus.  An- 
teriorly, each  of  its  divisions  terminates  by  a 
small  tendon,  which  is  fixed  successively,  at 
the  superior  part  of  the  posterior  extremity  of 
the  first  phalanx  of  the  great  toe,  and  to  the 
second  and  last  phalanges  of  the  next  three 
toes.  Its  use  is  to  extend  the  first  four  toes. 
and  to  direct  them  a  liuic  outwards. 

Extensor  Carpi  Radialis  Brevis,  see  Radi- 


EXTENSOR  DIGITORUM  COMMUNIS    304 


EXTIRPATION 


nlis — e.  Carpi  radialis  longus,  see  Radialis — e. 
Carpi  ulnaris,  see  Cubital  muscles. 

Extensor  Digito'rum   Commu'nis,  Extensor 
digitorum  communis  mantis  cum  extenso're  pro- 
.prio   auricula' ris,   Digitorum     Tensor;    llpicon- 
dylo-sus-phalan getlien    commun — (Oh.,) — Com- 
mon Extensor  of  the  Fingers.     (F.)  Extenseur  j 
commun  des  Doigts.     A  long,  flattened  muscle;  i 
simple  above,  and   divided    into  four   portions  | 
interiorly.     It  is  situate  at  the  posterior  part  of  | 
the  forearm;  arises  from  the  external  tubero-  ' 
sity  of  the  humerus;  from  the  aponeurosis  of  j 
the  forearm,  and  from    the    aponeurotic  septa 
situate  between  it  and  the  neighbouring  mus- 
cles, and  is  inserted  at  the  posterior  surface  of 
the  second  and  third  phalanges  of  the  last  four 
fingers.     The  muscle  extends  the  phalanges  of 
the  last  four  fingers  upon  each  other,  and  upon 
the  metacarpal  bone.     It  can,  also,  extend  the 
hand  on  the  forearm. 

Extensor  Commu'nis  Digitorum  Pedis,  E. 
Longus  Digitorum  Pedis,  E.  Digitorum  longus, 
Peroneo-tibi-siis-phalungetlien  commun,  C nemo- 
dactyl  <b' us ,  Peronio-svsphalangetlien  commun. 
(F.)  Extenseur  commun  dcs  Ortcils.  This  mus- 
cle, also,  is  situate  at  the  anterior  part  of  the 
leg.  It  is  lonij,  thin,  flattened,  simple,  and 
fleshy  above,  and  divided  into  four  tendons  be- 
low. It  arises  from  the  outer  tuberosity  of  the 
tibia  and  the  anterior  surface  of  the  fibula,  and 
is  inserted  into  the  superior  part  of  the  poste- 
liorextremityof  the  second  and  third  phalanges 
of  the  last  four  toes.  It  extends  the  three  pha- 
langes of  these  toes. 

Extensor  Digitorum  Longus,  E.  communis 
digitorum  pedis — e.  Longus  digitorum  pedis, 
E.  communis  digitorum  pedis — e.  Proprius  hal- 
lucis,  E.  proprius  pollicis  pedis — e.  Indicis,  E. 
proprius  indicis — e.  Internodii  ossis  pollicis,  E. 
longus  pollicis — e.  Primi  internodii,  Abductor 
longus  pollicis. 

Extensor  Proprius  MiN'iMiDiG"iTi,/opiVon- 
dulo-sus-phalangettien  da  petit  doigt, — (Ch.,)  (F.) 
Exlenteur  propre  du  petit  doigt.  Situate  on  the 
inside  of  the  Extensor  communis  digitoiurn.  It 
arises  from  the  external  condyle  of  the  os  hu- 
meri and  the  aponeurotic  septa  seated  between 
it,  the  extensor  communis  digitorum,  and  the 
extensor  carpi  ulnaris;  and  is  inserted  into  the 
last  two  phalanges  of  the  little  finger.  Its  use 
is  to  extend  the  little  finger,  and  even  the  hand 
upon  the  forearm. 

Extensor  Pol'licis  Brevis,  Extensor  minor 
pol'licis  manus,  E.  primi  interna' dii,  E.  pol'licis 
primus.  E.  secun'di  interna  dii  (Douglas,)  E. 
sccun'di  interno'dii  ossis  pol'licis;  Cubito-sus- 
phulangi.cn  du  pouce,— (Ch.,)  (F.)  Court  exten- 
seur dupour-i;.  Seated  at  the  posterior  and  in- 
ferior part  of  the  forearm.  It  is  thin,  long,  and 
broader  at  its  middle  than  at  the  extremities. 
It  arises  from  the  posterior  surface  of  the  ulna 
and  the  interosseous  ligament,  and  is  inserted 
behind  the  superior  extremity  of  the  first  pha- 
lanx of  the  thumb.  It  extends  the  thumb,  and 
aids  in  supination. 

Extensor  Poi/licis  Longus;  Extensor  major 
pollicis  man  us,  Extensor  secundi  interna' dii,  Ex- 
tensor pol'licis  secun'dus,  Extensor  tcr'lii  inter- 

no'dii  (Douglas.)  Extensor  interno'dii  ossis  pol'- 
licis, Cubito-sus-phulangeltien  du  pouce, —  (Ch.,) 

(F.)  Muscle  long  extenseur  du  pouce.  This  mus- 
cle is  Ion;:,  flnt.  and  fusiform;  and  is  seated  at 
the  posterior  part  of  the  forearm.    It  arises  from 


the  posterior  surface  of  the  ulna  and  the  inte- 
rosseous ligament,  and  is  inserted  at  the  poste- 
rior part  of  the  superior  extremity  of  the  first 
phalanx  of  the  thumb.  It  extends  the  last  pha- 
lanx of  the  thumb  upon  the  first. 

Extensor  Pro'priu3  In'dicis;  E.  proprius 
primi  dig' id  mantis,  E.  In'dicis,  Indica'lor,  Ex- 
tensor sccun'di  interno'dii  in'dicis  pro' prim,  Cu- 
bito-sus- phalange/lien  de  I'Indcx. —  (Ch.,)  (F.) 
Extenseur  propre  de  V Index.  This  muscle  is 
long  and  thin;  broader  in  the  middle  than  at 
the  extremities;  and  is  situate  at  the  posterior 
part  of  the  forearm.  It  arises  from  the  poste- 
rior surface  of  the  ulna,  and  is  inserted  at  the 
posterior  part  of  the  upper  extremity  of  the 
second  and  third  phalanx  of  the  index  finger. 
It  extends  the  three  phalanges  of  the  index 
finger;  and  has,  besides,  the  same  uses  as  the 
other  extremities  of  the  fingers. 

Extensor  Pro'prius  Pol'licis  Pedis;  E. pro- 
prius Hal'lucis,  E,  longus  (Douglas,)  E.  Polli- 
cis longus,  Peroneo  sus  phalangien  du  pouce, 
Peroneo-sus-phaliui getlien  du  pouce, —  (Ch.) 
This  muscle  is  situate  at  the  anterior  part  of  the 
leg.  It  is  fleshy,  broad,  flat  above;  small  and 
tendinous  below.  It  arises  from  the  anterior 
part  of  the  middle  third  of  the  fibula,  and  is  in- 
serted into  the  posterior  part  of  the  superior 
extremity  of  the  last  phalanx  of  the  great  toe. 
It  extends  the  last  phalanx  of  the  great  toe  upon 
the  first,  and  the  first  upon  the  first  metacar- 
pal bone. 

Extensor  Primi  Internodii,  E.  pollicis  bre- 
vis— e.  Secundi  internodii,  E.  pollicis  brevis, 
Extensor  longus  pollicis — e.  Secundi  interno- 
dii indicis  proprius,  E.  proprius  indicis — e.  Tei- 
tii  internodii,  E.  longus  pollicis — e.  Tertii  in- 
ternodii indicis,  Prior  annularis — e.  Tertii  in- 
ternodii minimi  digiti,  Abductor  minimi  digiti 
— e.  Ossis  metacarpi  pollicis  maniis,  Abductor 
lono-us  pollicis — e.  Pollicis  longus,  E  proprius 
pollicis  pedis— e.  Pollicis  secundus,  E.  Longus 
pollicis — e.  Minor  pollicis  manus,  E.  pollicis 
brevis — e.  Primus  pollicis,  Abductor  longus 
pollicis. 

Extensor  Taksi  Magnus;  E.  Tarsi  sura' lis. 
A  name  given,  by  some  anatomists,  to  the  gas- 
trocnemius and  solens  combined 

Extensor  Tarsi  Minor,  Plantar  muscle. 

EXTKNUATIO,  Emaciation. 

EXTER'NAL  DISEASES,  Exlrin'sic  Dis- 
ernes,  Morbi  extrin'seei,  Surgical  Diseases,  (F.) 
.Maladies  exte.rnes.  Those  diseases  which  oc- 
cupy the  surface  of  the  body,  and  which  form 
the  object  of  surgical  pathology,  requiring, 
generally,  external  means  or  surgical  opera- 
tions. 

EXTERNU3  AURIS,  Laxator  tympani-e. 
Mallei.  Laxator  tympani. 

EXTEST1CULATUS,  Castratus,  Eunuch. 

EXTIJNC'TIO  VOCIS,  (F.)  Extinction  dc 
voir.  The  French  use  this  term  fi>r  cases  in 
which  the  voice  is  not  wholly  suppressed,  but 
produces  only  feeble  sounds.  Incomplete  apho- 
nia. 

EXTINCTION  OF  MERCURY,  Exlinc'tio 
Mercu'rii  vel  Ihjdrur' gyri.  Trituration  of  mer- 
cury with  lard  or  other  substance,  until  the  me- 
tallic globules  disappear.  The  mercury  is  then 
so  divided,  that  it  forms  a  black  powder,  gene- 
rally considered  to  be  a  protoxide  of  mercury, 
but.  perhaps,  erroneously. 

EXTIRPATION,  Extirpa'tio,  Ablu'tio,  Aphce'- 


EXTOMIUS 


305 


EXTRAGTUM  BELLADONNA 


rcsis,  from  extirpare,  (ex,  and  stirps,)  '  to  root 
out.'  The  complete  removal  or  destruction  of 
any  part,  either  by  cutting  instruments  or  the 
action  of  caustics.  Thus,  we  speak  of  the  ex- 
tirpation of  a  cancer,  polypus, encysted  tumour, 

EXTOMIUS,  Eunuch. 

EXTOZOA.  Ectozoa. 

EXTOZOAIRES,  Extozoaria. 

EXTOZOARIA,  Ectozoa. 

EXTRA-PELVIO-PUBl-TROCHANTERI- 
EN,  Obturator  externus. 

EXTRACT,  Extractum— e.of  Aconitp,  Extiac- 
tum  aconiti — e.  of  Aconite,  alcoholic,  Extractum 
aconiti  alcoholicum—  e.  of  Aloes,  purified,  Ex- 
tractum aloes  purificalum — e.  of  Bark,  Extrac- 
tum cinchonas — e.  of  Bark,  resinous,  Extractum 
cinchona?  resinosum — e.  of  Belladonna,  Extrac- 
tum belladonna? — e.of  Belladonna,  alcohol  ic,  Ex- 
tractum belladonna?  alcoholicum — e.  of  Bitter- 
sweet, Extractum  dulcamara? — e.  of  Broom  tops, 
Extractum  cacurninuin  genista? — e.of  Butternut, 
Extractum  juglandis  —  e.of  Cascarilla,  resinous, 
Extractum  cascarilla?  resinosum — e. of  Chamo- 
mile, E.  anthemidis — e.  of  Cinchona,  Extrac- 
tum cinchona? — e.of  Colocynth,  Extractum  co- 
locynthidis— e.  of  Colocynth,  compound,  Ex- 
tractum colocynthidis  cornpositum — e.  of  Dan- 
delion, Extractum  taraxaci — e.  of  Elaterium, 
Extractum  elaterii — e.  of  Gentian,  Extractum 
gentians  —  e.  of  Hemlock,  Extractum  cicuta? 
— e.  of  Hellebore,  black,  Extractum  hellebori 
— e.  of  Hemlock,  alcoholic,  Extractum  conii 
alcoholicum — e.  of  Henbane,  Extractum  hyos- 
cyami — e.  of  Henbane,  alcoholic,  Extractum 
hyoscyami  alcoholicum  — e.  of  Hops,  Extrac- 
tum humuli — e.  of  Jalap,  Extractum  jalapa? 
— e.  of  Lettuce.  Extractum  Iactuca? — e.  of  Li- 
quorice. Extractum  glycyrrhiza?— e.  of  Log- 
wood, Extractum  ha?matoxyli — e.  of  Mayapple, 
Extractum  podophylli  —  e.  of  Meat,  sapona- 
ceous, Osmazome — e.  of  Oak  bark,  Extractum 
corticis  quercus — e.of  White  poppy,  Extractum 
papaveris— e.  of  Quassia,  Extractum  quassia? 
—  e.of  Quinia,  Extractum  quinia? — e.  of  Rha- 
tany,  Extractum  krameria? — e.of  Rhubarb,  Ex- 
tractum rhei — e.  of  Rue,  Extractum  ruta? — e. 
of  Sarsaparilla,  Extractum  sarsaparilla? — e.  of 
Savine,  Extractum  foliorum  sabina? — e.  of  Stra- 
monium, Extractum  stramonii — e.  of  Valerian, 
Extractum  Valeriana? — e.  of  Wormwood,  Ex- 
tractum cacuminum  absinthii. 

EXTRACT! F,  Extractive. 

EXTRACTION,  Extradtio,  Exx'resis,  Ex- 
ogo'gS,  ExolcS,  Exelcijs'  mus,  Enchylo'sis,  from 
extrahere,  (ex,  and  trahere,)  'to  draw  out.'  The 
act  of  removing  an  extraneous  substance  from 
any  part  of  the  body.  Thus,  a  splinter  is  said 
to  be  extracted.  It  is,  also,  applied  to  the  re- 
moval of  certain  parts.  The  cataract  is  said  to 
be  exlrae.tcd:  a  tooth  is  extracted,  when  carious, 
&c. 

EXTRACTIVE,  (F.)  Extract!/.  Same  ety- 
mon. A  peculiar,  immediate  principle,  which 
has  been  admitted  in  extracts.  Thus,  bitter  ex- 
trurlire  is  the  immediate  principle  of  bitter  ve- 
getables. &c. 

EXTRACTUM,  Extract,  Opos,  ClnjUs'ma, 
Ecchyli/ma,  (F.)  Extrait.  An  extract  is  pre- 
pared by  evaporating  vegetable  solutions,  till 
a  tenacious  mass  is  obtained.  When  prepared 
from  an  infusion  or  decoction,  it  is  called  a  wa- 
tery; from  a  tincture,  a  spirituous  extract.    Both 


kinds  contain  all  the  principles  of  the  vegetable, 
that  are  soluble  in  the  menstrua  with  which  they 
are  prepared;  but  the  volatile  parts  are  dissipated, 
and  some  of  the  fixed   parts  are  decomposed; 
the  proper  extractive   is   oxygenized,  and   the 
virtues  of  the  vegetable  substance  consequently 
altered  or  destroyed.    Extracts  are  hnid  or  soft; 
\  the  consistence  of  the  soft  being  such  as  to  re- 
I  lain  the  pilular  form  without   the  addition  of 
I  a  powder.     A  patent  was  taken  out  some  years 
I  ago  by  a  Mr.  Barry,  of  London,  for  preparing 
[  them  in  vacuo;  and,  as  the  temperature  is  much 
lower  than  in  the  ordinary  method,  the  virtues 
of  the  plant  are  less  altered,  and   the  extracts 
[  are  generally  green.    Extracts  are  also  prepared 
J  by  displacement  or  percolation,  (q  v.)     They 
have,  likewise,  received  different  names  accord- 
I  ing  to  their  predominant  principle.     The  gum- 
my or  mucous,  or  mucilaginous,  are  those  which 
are  mainly  composed  of  gum  or  mucilage.   Gum 
trngncanlh  may  be  considered  a  pure  gummy 
extract.    Gelatinous  extracts  are  those  composed 
especially   of  gelatin;   resinous  extracts,    those 
of  a  resinous  character;  extraclo-resinous,  those 
composed  of  extractive  or  colouring  matter  and 
resin;  gum- resinous,  those  containing  gum  and 
resin;  and  sapona' ceous  or  sapona'ceous  saline, 
those   containing  a   notable  quantity  of  saline 
substances  and  a  resinous  matter,  so  combined 
with  mucus  and  other  soluble  substances,  that 
they  cannot  be  separated. 

Extractum  Absin'thii  Cacu'minum,  Extract 
of  wormwood.  (A  decoction  defecated  and  evapo- 
rated.) The  flavour  is  dissipated  along  with  the 
essential  oil.  It  is  a  bitter  tonic.  Dose,  gr.  x. 
to  7)']  in  pill. 

Extractum  Aconi'ti,  Extract  of  aconite,  Suc- 
cus  spissa'tus  aconiti.  napeUi,  (from  the  inspissa- 
ted juice  without  defecation.)  It  is  esteemed  to 
be  narcotic  and  diuretic;  and  has  been  given  in 
the  cases  referred  to  under  aconitum.  Dose,  gr. 
j,  gradually  increasing  it. 

Extractum  Aconi'ti  Alcohol'icum,  Alcohol- 
ic Extract  of  Aconite,  (Aconit.  in  pulv.  crass. 
lljj;  Alcohol,  di lit t.  Oiv.  Moisten  the  aconite  with 
half  a  pint  of  diluted  alcohol:  let  it  stand  for 
24  hours:  transfer  it  to  a  displacement  appara- 
tus, and  gradually  add  the  remainder  of  the 
diluted  alcohol.  When  the  last  portion  of  this 
has  penetrated  the  aconite,  pour  in  from  time  to 
time  water  sufficient  to  keep  the  powder  co- 
vered. Slop  the  filtration  when  the  liquid  which 
pnsses  begins  to  produce  a  precipitate,  as  it  falls, 
in  that  which  has  already  passed.  Distil  off  the 
alcohol,  and  evaporate  to  a  proper  consistence. 
Ph.  U.  S.) 

Extractum  Al'oes  Puiufica'tum,  Pu'rified 
extract  of  aloes.  (The  gummy  part  extracted  by 
boiling  water,  defecated  and  inspissated.)  Dose, 
gr.  v.  to  gr.  xv. 

Extractum  Antiiem'idis,  E.  anthemidis  no'- 
bilis,  E.  rliamxmc'li,  E.  florum  chamamie'li,  Ex- 
tract of  Cham'omile.  The  volatile  oil  is  dissi- 
pated in  this  preparation.  It  is  a  pure,  grateful 
bitter,  and  is  tonic  and  stomachic.  Dose,  gr.  x. 
to  st.  xx  in  pills. 

Extractum  Aspauagi,  see  Asparagus. 
Extractum  Belladon'njb,  Suecus  spissa'tus 
at'ropui  belladon'nae,  Extract  of  Belladonna,  (an 
expressed  juice,  inspissated.)  Properties,  same 
as  those  of  the  plant.  Dose.  gr.  },  gradually 
increased.  It  dilates  the  pupil  when  applied  to 
the  eye. 


EXTRA CTUxM  BELLADONNA,  &c.      30G 


EXTRACTUM  KRAMERLE 


Extractum  Belladonna  Alcoholicum,  Al- 
coholic extract  of  Belladonna.  (Prepared  like 
the  Extractum  aconiti  alcoholicum.     Ph.  U.  S.1 

Extractum  Cascaril'i./e  Resino'sum,  Res- 
inous extract  of  cascarU'la,  (Cort.  cascarilla  in 
pulv.  crass.  Ibj,  Sp.  vini  reel.  Ibiv.  Digest  for 
four  days;  then  decant  and  strain;  boil  the 
residuum  in  ten  pints  of  water  to  two;  filter 
and  evaporate  the  decoction,  and  distil  the  tinc- 
ture in  a  retort,  till  both  are  thickened;  then 
mix  and  evaporate  to  a  pilular  consistence.) 
Dose,  gr.  x  to  gr.  xx  in  pills. 

Extractum  Catuarticum,  E.  Colocynthidis 
compositum — e.  Catechu,  Catechu— e.  Charn- 
niffitneli,  E.  Anthemidis — e.  Cicutae,  E.  Conii. 

Extractum  Cathol'icum,  (F.)  Exlrait  Calho- 
lique.  This  epithet  is  given  to  pills  composed 
of  aloes,  black  hellebore,  and  colocynth.  resin 
of  jalap,  and  scammony.  See,  also,  Extractum 
colocynthidis  compositum. 

Extractum  Cincho'n/e,  Extract  of  Cincho'- 
na,  E.  t'or'titis  Pcruvia'ni,  E.  Cincho'nx  Molle, 
E.  of  Bark.  (A  decoction  evaporated.)  The 
active  principles  are  similar  to  those  of  the 
bark  in  substance;  but  it  is  not  so  effectual — 
owing  to  the  chymical  change  induced  in  the 
drug,  during  the  boiling.  When  reduced,  by 
drying,  to  a  state  fit  for  being  powdered,  it  is 
called  the  Hard  Extract  of  Bark,  Extrac 'turn 
Cor'licis  Pcruvia'ni  durum,  E.  Cincho'naz  du- 
rum.    Dose,  gr.  x  to  gss. 

Extractum  Cinchon/e  Resino'sum,  E.  Cin- 
chonas lancifo'lix,  E.  Cinchonx  Rubrx  resino'- 
sum, Rcs'inous  Extract  of  Dark,  E.  Cincho'nse 
Rcsinx.  The  aqueo-spirituous  extract  contains 
both  the  extractive  and  resin  of  the  bark.  Dose, 
gr.  x.  to  xxx. 

Extractum  Cinchonx  of  the  Pharmacopoeia 
of  the  United  States,  (1842,)  is  directed  to  be 
prepared  as  follows: — Peruvian  Bark, in  coarse 
powder,  Ibj;  Alcohol,  Oiv ;  Wuler,  a  sufficient 
quantity.  Macerate  the  Peruvian  bark  with 
the  alcohol  for  four  days;  then  filter  by  a  dis- 
placement apparatus,  and  when  the  liquid 
ceases  to  pass,  pour  gradually  on  the  bark 
water  sufficient  to  keep  its  surface  covered. 
When  the  filtered  tincture  measures  four  pints, 
set  it  aside,  and  proceed  with  the  filtration  un- 
til six  pints  of  infusion  are  obtained.  Distil  off 
the  alcohol  from  the  tincture  and  evaporate 
the  infusion  till  the  liquids  are  respectively- 
brought  to  the  consistence  of  thin  honey  ;  then 
mix  and  evaporate  toform  an  extract. — Ph. U.S.) 

Extractum  Colocyn'tiiidis, Extract  of  Col- 
ocynth. A  cathartic,  in  the  dose  of  from  gr.  v. 
to  £ss. 

Extractum  Colocyn'thidis  Compos'itum, 
Extractum  Cathar'ticum,  E.  Cathol'icum,  E. 
Querceta' id.  Compound  Extract  of  Colocynth 
{Colocynth.  pulp,  concis.  £vj.  Abes  pulv.  gxij  ; 
Scammon.  pulv.  giv;  Cardamom,  pulv.  ^j.;  Al- 
cohol, dilut.  cong.  Macerate  the  pulp  in  the 
spirit  at  a  gentle  heat,  for  four  days;  strain; 
add  the  aloes  and  scammony  ;  then  distil  off 
the  spirit  and  mix  in  the  cardamom  seeds.  Ph. 
U.  S.)  It  is  a  powerful  cathartic,  and  is  used 
in  obstinate  visceral  obstructions,  &c.  Dose, 
gr.  vj  to  IJss. 

Extractum  Coni'i,  E.  Cicu'taz,  Succus  cicutx 
spissa'tus,  Extract  of  Hemlock,  Succus  spissatus 
conii  macula' li.  (Expressed  juice.,  inspissated, 
without  defecation  )  Employed  in  the  same 
cases  as  the  conium.     Dose,  gr,  iij  to  ^j. 


Extractum  Conii  Ai.cohol'icum,  Alcoholic 
Extract  of  Hemlock.  (Prepared  like  the  Ex- 
tractum aconiti  alcoholicum.— Ph.  U.  S.) 

Extractum  Convolvuli  Jai.aive,  E.  jalapse 
— e.  Corticis  Peruviani,  E.  Cinchonse. 

Extractum  Ddi.cama'r«,  Extract  of  Bitter- 
sweet. (Prepared  by  displacement  from  bitter- 
sweet in  coarse  powder. — Ph.  U.  S.) 

Extractum  Elate'rii,  ElaU'rium,  Extract 
of  Elaterium.  (The  fecula  of  the  expressed  juice.) 
It  is  violently  cathartic,  hydragogue,  and  some- 
times emetic.  Dose,  gr.  ss.  every  hour  till  it 
operates. 

Extractum  Genis'tje  Cacu'minum,  Extract 
of  Broom  Tops.     Diuretic  and  stomachic.  Dose, 

3SS  t0  33- 

Extractum  Gentia'na,  Ext.  Gentia'nce  lu'- 
tece,  Ext.  Radi'cis  Gen'tianm,  Extract  of  Gen'tiein, 
(The  evaporated  decoction.  Prepared  also  by 
displacement. — Ph.  U.  S.)  Properties  like  the 
Gentian.     Dose,  gr.  x.  to  gss. 

Extractum  Glycyrrhi'z/e  ;  Extract  of  Li- 
quorice. (The  evaporated  decoction)  It  is  de- 
mulcent, taken  ad  libitum. 

Refined  Liquorice,  which  is  sold  in  the  form 
of  cylinders,  is  made  by  gently  evaporating  a 
solution  of  the  pure  extract  of  liquorice  with 
half  its  weight  of  gum  Arabic,  rolling  the  mass 
and  cutting  it  into  lengths,  and  then  polishing, 
by  rolling  them  together  in  a  box. 

Extractum  HjEmatox'yli,  E.  Hxmaloi'yli 
Campeclda'ni,  E.  Scobis  Hxmatoxyli,  Extract  of 
Logioood.  (The  evaporated  decoction.)  It  is 
astringent.     Dose,  gr.  x.  to  5jj. 

Extractum  Radi'cis  Helleb'ori  Nigri, 
Ext.  of  Black  Hell' chore  root,  E.  Hellcbori  nigri. 
(The  evaporated  decoction.)  In  large  doses,  this 
is  cathartic;  in  smaller,  diuretic,  resolvent  (?) 
and  emmenagogue  (?).  Dose,  as  a  catlnrtic, 
gr.  x  to  5j;  as  an  emmenagogue,  &c.  gr.  iij 
to  gr.  x. 

Extractum  Hellf.bori,  of  the  Pharmaco- 
poeia of  the  United  States  (1842)  is  prepared 
from  Black  Hellebore,  in  coarse  powder,  like 
the  Extractum  aconiti  alcoholicum. 

Extractum  IIu'muli,  Extract  of  hops,  (tlie 
evaporated  decoction  )  It  is  tonic,  anodyne  (?), 
diuretic  (?).     Dose,  gr.  v  to  J5J. 

Extractum  Hyoscy'ami,  Extract  of  Henbane, 
Succus  spissa'tus  Hyoscyami  nigri,  Succ.  Spiss. 
Hyoscyami.  (The  expressed  juice,  inspissated 
without  defecation.)  Its  virtues  are  narcotic. 
Dose,  gr.  v.  to  J}ss. 

Extractum  Hyoscyami  Alcohol'icum,  Alco- 
holic Extract  of  Henbane.  (Prepared  from  leaves 
of  Hyoscyamus,  in  coarse  powder,  like  the  Ex- 
tractum aconiti  alcoholicum  — Ph.  U.  S.) 

Extractum  Jala'pa,  E.  Convol'rnli  Julnpce, 
E.  Jala'pii,  Extract  of  Jalap,  E.  Jala! pi.  (A 
spirituous  tincture  distilled;  and  an  aqueous  de- 
coction evaporated ;  the  residua  being  mixed  to- 
gether: kept  both  soft  and  hard.)  It  is  cathartic 
and  hydragogue.    Dose,  orr.  x  to  7)j. 

Extractum  Jalapje  Resino'sum,  Res'inous 
Extract  of  Jalap.     This  is  cathartic. 

Extractum  Jalapa  of  the  Ph.  U.  S.  is  pre- 
pared like  the  Extractum  cinchonas  Ph.  U.  S. 

Extractum  Juglan'dis,  Extract  of  Butternut. 
(Prepared  by  displacement  from  Butternut,  in 
coarse  powder. — Ph.  U.  S.) 

Extractum  Krame'ui.-e,  Extract  of  Rhatamj 


EXTRACTUM  LACTUC2E 


307 


EXTREMITY 


(Prepared  by  displacement  from  Rhatany,  in 
coarse  powder. —  Ph.  U.  S.) 

Extract  dm  Lactu'cje,  Extract  of  Lettuce, 
Succus  spissa'lus  Lacluca  satixa.  (Leaves  of 
fresh  lettuce  ilj;  beat  tliem  in  a  stone  mortar, 
sprinkling  them  with  water;  then  express  the 
juice  and  evaporate,  without  allowing  it  to  sub- 
side, until  it  acquires  a  proper  degree  of  con- 
sistence.) It  is  said  to  be  narcotic  and  diapho- 
retic.    Dose,  gr.  iij.  to  gr.  x. 

An  extract  is,  sometimes,  made  from  the  juice 
of  the  wild  lettuce,  Lactuca  viro'su,  which  is  re- 
garded as  diuretic. 

Extractum  Nucis  Vomica  Spirituosum,  see 
Strychnos  nux  vomica. 

Extractum  Opm,  E.  Opii  aquo'sum,  E.  Thcld- 
icum,  Extract  of  Opium,  E.  Opii  gummo'sum, 
Lau'damtm  opia'lum  seu  simplex,  Opium  cola'- 
turn  seu  depura'tum.  (A  watery  solution  defecated 
and  evaporated.)     Dose,  gr.  ss.  to  gr.  v. 

Extractum  Papav'eris,  E.  Papaveris  somni- 
feri,  E.  Papaveris  albi,  Extract  of  white  poppy. 
(The  decoction  evaporated  )  It  possesses  nearly 
the  same  virtues  as  opium,  but  is  weaker.  Dose 
gr.  ij  to  9j. 

Extractum  Panchymago'gum.  A  drastic 
medicine,  composed  of  colocynth,  bruised  with 
its  seeds;  senna  bruised;  black  hellebore  root, 
Agaric,  Scammony  in  powder,  Extract  of  Aloes 
and  Powder  of  Diurrhudon. 

Extractum  Podophyl'i.i,  Extract  of  May- 
apple.  (Prepared  from  podophyllum,  in  coarse 
powder,  in  the  same  manner  as  the  Extract  of 
cinchonas — Ph.  U.  S.) 

Extractum  Purgans,  see  Hedera  helix — e. 
Quercelani,  E.  Colocynthidis  compositum. 

Extractum  Quassia,  Extract  of  Quassia 
(Prepared  by  displacement  from  Quassia  rasped 
—Ph.  U.  S.) 

Extractum  Cor'ticis  QuercGs,  Extract  of 
oak  bark.  (The  decoction,  evaporated.')  It  is  as- 
tringent and  tonic. 

Extractum  Qui' bim,  Quintal  sulphas  impu'rus. 
This  is  made  by  evaporating  the  liquor  poured 
off  the  crystals  of  sulphate  of  quinia  to  the  con- 
sistence of  a  pilularmass.  Twenty-four  grains 
will  generally  arrest  an  intermittent. 

Extractum  Rhei,  Extract  of  Rhubarb.  Uses, 
like  those  of  the  powdered  root.  Dose  gr.  x. 
to  ^ss. 

Extractum  Ru'dii,  Extract  of  Radius,  (F.) 
Exlrait  de  Radius.  Pills  made  of  colocynth, 
agaric,  scammony,  roots  of  black  hellebore  and, 
jalap,  socolrine  aloes, cinnamon,  mace,  cloves,  and 
alcohol. 

Extractum  Rut^e  Graveolen'tis,  E.  folio'- 
rum  Rata,  Extract  of  Rue,  Extractum  Ruta.  (A 
decoction  evaporated.)  Tonic,  stomachic.  The 
volatile  oil  being  dissipated  in  the  boiling,  this 
is  not  a  good  preparation.    Dose,  gr.  x  to  J}j. 

Extractum  Folio'rum  Sabi'n^,  Extract  of 
Sacine.     (A  decoction  evaporated.)    Tonic.    The 


same  remarks  may  be  made  on  this  preparation 
as  on  the  last.     Dose,  gr.  x  to  £ss. 

Extractum  Sarsaparii/ljE,  Extract  of  Sar- 
suparil'la.  (A  strained  decoction,  evaporated.) 
Virtues  the  same  as  those  of  the  powdered  root. 
Dose,  gr.  x  to  gj. 

Extractum  Sarsaparillas  of  the  United  States 
Pharmacopoeia,  ([842,)  is  prepared  from  Sarsa- 
parilla,  in  coarse  powder,  like  the  Extractum 
aconiti  alcoholicum. 

Extractum  Saturni,  Goulard's,  Liquor 
plumbi  subacetatis — e.  Scobis  hoematoxyli,  E. 
haematoxyli. 

Extractum  Stramo'nii,  Extract  of  Slramo'- 
nium.  (Seeds  of  Stramonium,  Ibj,  boiling  water, 
one  gallon.  Macerate  for  four  hours  in  a  vessel 
slightly  covered,  near  the  fire,-  then  take  the  seeds 
out,-  bruise  them  in  a  stone  mortar  and  return 
them  again  to  the  fluid  when  they  are  bruised. 
Boil  the  liquor  down  to  4  pints,  and  strain  ichile 
it  is  hot.  Finally,  evaporate  to  a  proper  thick- 
ness. Ph.  L.)  In  the  Pharm.  U.  S.,  Extractum 
Stramonii  is  the  expressed  juice  inspissated. 
The  Extractum  Stramonii  Seminis  is  made  as  fol- 
lows:—  Stramonium  seed,  ground  into  powder. 
Ibj.  Diluted  Alcohol,  q.  s.  Having  rubbed  the 
powder  with  diluted  alcohol,  Oss,  introduce  the 
mixture  into  an  apparatus  for  displacement,  and 
pour  upon  it,  gradually,  diluted  alcohol,  till  the 
liquid  passes  colourless.  Distil  off  the  alcohol 
from  the  filtered  liquor,  and  evaporate  the  resi- 
due to  the  proper  consistence.  Used  as  a  nar- 
cotic in  asthma  and  other  spasmodic  affections. 
Dose,  gr.  ij  to  gr.  x. 

Extractum  Tahax'aci,  Ext.  Herba:  et  Radi'- 
cis  Tarax'aci,  Extract  of  Dandeli' on.  (A  strained 
decoction  evaporated.)  It  has  been  considered  de- 
obstruent,  laxative,  and  diuretic.  Dose,gr.x.tot^j. 

Extractum  Thebaicum,  E.  Opii. 

Extractum  Valeria'n/e,  Extract  of  Vale1- 
rian.  (An  expressed  decoction  evaporated.)  The 
virtues  of  the  valerian  being  dependent  upon 
its  essential  oil,  this  is  an  objectionable  prepa- 
ration.    Dose,  gr.  x.  to  7,\. 

There  are  some  other  extracts  in  the  Ameri- 
can and  other  Pharmacopoeias,  but  they  are 
prepared  in  the  ordinary  mode,  and  possess 
merely  the  virtues  of  the  plants.  They  are, 
besides,  generally  of  an  unimportant  character. 

EXTRA  IT,  Extract— e.  Alcoholiquc  de  noix 
romique,  see  Strychnos  nux  vomica — e.  des 
i'i  mis,  Rob. 

EXTRA'NEOUS  BODY,  from  extra,  <  with- 
out.' Corpus  extra' neum,  C.  exte/num,  C.  alie/- 
num,  (F.)  Corps  (.tranrrer.  Any  solid,  liquid,  or 
gaseous  substance,  inanimate  or  animate,  pro- 
ceeding from  without  or  formed  in  the  body; 
and  which  constitutes  no  part  of  the  body,  but 
occupies,  in  the  substance  of  the  textures  or 
some  of  the  cavities,  a  place  foreign  to  it. 

Extraneous  bodies  may  be  grouped  as  in  the 
following  table: 


(  1.  Proceeding  from  with-  (  These  are  numberless.    They  may  bs  introduced  by  the  natural 
out.  i     ways  or  by  accidental  openings. 

Inanimate  Bodies.    ■{  i  Calcu'i. 

I,  2.  Formed  in  the  body.       <  Effusion  of  blond,  pus,  urine,  or  air,  into  parts  not  na'urally 
(      containing  them. 

'•^ffltf'  I  C-Vst<>  &c'  ofeV(^  ki»"  ^eloped  in  the  different  orsans. 

2.  Having  a  separate  ex- 
istence. 


Animated  V.odies. 


Ta-asitic  animals,  as  worms,  &c. 


EXTRAVASATION,  Exlrarasu'tio,  from 
extra,  'out  of,'  and  vasa,  'vessels.'  Escape  of 
fluids  from  the  vessels  containing  them,  and 


infiltration  or  effusion  of  those  fluids  into  the 
surrounding  textures. 
EXTREMITY,  Extrem'ilas,-  from  cxtremus, 


EXTRINSIC 


308 


FACE 


'the  outermost;'  the  end  or  termination  of  a 
tiling.  The  limbs  have  been  so  called, — as  the 
upper  and  lower  extremities.  It  has  been,  also, 
used  to  express  the  last  moments  of"  life;  as 
when  we  say.  a  patient  is  in  'extremity,'  (F.) 
In  mrilittlc  cat  a  lextremite,  a  toute  extremite. 
See  Mem  brum. 

EXTRIN'SIC,  Extrin'secus.  That  which 
comes  from  without.  This  term  has  been  used 
for  muscles,  which  surround  certain  organs  and 
attach  them  to  the  neighbouring;  parts;  in  order 
to  distinguish  them  from  other  muscles,  which 
enter  into  the  intimate  composition  of  these 
organs,  and  which  have  been  named  intrinsic. 
Thus,  there  are  extrinsic  and  intrinsic  muscles 
of  the  tongue,  ear,  &c. 

EXTROVERSIO,  Exstrophia. 

EXTUBERANTIA,  Protuberance. 

EXTUBFRATIO,  Protuberance. 

EXTUMEFACTIO,  Swelling. 

EXTUS'SIO,  from  ex,  and  tussis,  'a  cough.' 
'I  cotigrh  with  expectoration.' 

EXU'BER,  from  ex,  'out  of,'  'devoid  of,' 
and  u'b'irii,  '  the  breasts ;'  Apogaladtos.  '  A  child 
which  has  been  weaned.' 

EXULCERATIO.  Ecthlimtna,  Ulceration. 

EXUMBILKJATIO,  Exomphalos. 

EXUSTIO,  Cauterization. 

EYE,  Sax,  en5,  Teuton.  Auge,  O'culas, 
Ops,  Omnia,  Ophthal'mos,  fllos,  Op'tilos,  (Doric,) 
(P.)  LEU.  The  eye  is  the  immediate  organ  of 
vision.  It  is  seated  in  the  orbit,  whilst  its  de- 
pendencies, called  by  Haller  Tutam'ina  Oc'uli, 
occupy  the  circumference  of  the  cavity,  and 
are  composed  of  the  eyebrows,  the  eyelids, 
cilia,  glands  of  Meibomius,  &c.  The  Ball, 
Globe,  or  Bulb  of  the  Eye,  is  covered  anteriorly 
by  the  tunica  conjunctiva:  is  moved  by  six 
muscles,  four  straight  and  two  oblique,  and  is 
constituted  of  membranes,  as  the  sclerotic,  cor- 
nea, choroid,  tunica  Jacobi,  retina,  iris,  hyaloid, 
and  in  the  fcetus,  the  membrana  papillaris; — 
and  of  fluids,  called  Humours  or  Media, —  the 
aqueous,  crystalline,  and  vitreous.  The  vessels 
of  the  eye  proceed  from  the  ophthalmic  artery. 


The  nerves,  except  the  optic,  are  chiefly  fur- 
nished from  the  ophthalmic  ganglion.  The  fol- 
lowing are  the  dimensions.  &c.  of  the  org£ri,  on 
the  authorities  of  Petit,  Young,  Gordon,  and 
Brewster: 


0  01 

on 

047 
27lo  0.13 


120" 
153° 


Length  of  the  antero-posterior  diameter  of 
the  eye,        ------- 

Vertical  chord  of  the  cornea,         - 
Versed  sine  of  the  coraaa,     - 
Horizontal  chord  of  the  cornea,     -        -        - 
Size  of  pupil  seen  through  the  cornea,         -    0 
Size   of   pupil   diminished   hy   magnifying 
power  of  cornea  to,     .        -        -        -        -    0.25  to  0.  IQ 

Radius  of  the  anterior  surface  of  the  crys- 
talline,        -------  0.30 

Radius  of  posterior  surface,  -  0.29 

Principal  focal  distance  of  lens,  -  1.73 

Distance  of  the  centre  of  the  optic  nerve 

from  the  foramen  centrate.  of  Sdrnmering,  0.11 

Distance  of  the  iris  from  the  cornea,     -        -  0.10 

Distance  of  the  iris  from  the  anterior  sur- 
face of  the  crystalline,        -  0.02 
Field  of  vision  above  a  horizontal  line,        50° 
Field  of  vision  below  a  horizontal  line,        70 
Field  of  vision  in  a  horizontal  plane, 
Diameter  of  the  crystalline   in   a   woman 

above  fifty  years  of  age,     -  0.378 

Diameter  of  the  cornea,  -  0.400 

Thickness  of  the  crystalline,         -        -        -  0  17:2 

Thickness  of  the  cornea,       ...       -  0.042 

EYEBALM,  Hydrastis  Canadensis. 

EYEBRIGHT,  Euphrasia  officinalis,  Lobelia. 

Eye  Glass,  Seaphium  oculare — e.  Cat's, 
Amaurotic,  see  Amaurotic — e.  Gum  of  the, 
Chassie—'e.  Lashes.  Cilia — e.  Purulent,  Oph- 
thalmia, purulent,  of  infants — e.  Salve,  Single- 
ton's, Unguentum  Hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydi; 
Eye-salve.  Smellome's,  see  Cupri  subacetas — 
e.  Sight  of  the,  Pupil. 

Eyestonic.  The  shelly  opercula  of  small  tur- 
binideai.  Used  at  Guernsey  to  get  things  out 
of  the  eyes.  Being  put  into  the  inner  corner 
of  the  eye,  under  the  eyelid,  it  will  work  its 
way  out  at  the  outward  corner,  and  bring  out 
any  strange  substance  with  it. —  Gray. 

Eyk  of  Typhon,  Scilla— e.  Water,  common, 
Liquor  zinci  sulphatis  cum  camphora — e. Water, 
blue,  Liquor  cupri  ammoniati — e.  Watery,  Epi- 
phora. 


F, 


FABA  iEGYPTIACA,  Nymphrea  nelumbo 
—  f.  Calhartica,  Jatropha  curcas — f.  Crassa,  Se- 
dum  telephium — f.  Febrifuga,  Ignatia  amara — 
f.  Grseca,  Diospyros  lotus — f.  Indica,  Ignatia 
amara — f.  Pechurim,  Tetranthera  pechurim — f. 
Purgatrix,  Ricinus  communis — f.  Sancti  l<ma- 
tii,  Ignatia  amara — f.  Suilla,  Hyoscyamus. 

FABAGELLE,  Zygophyllum  fagabo. 

FABARIA  CRASSULA,  Sedum  telephium. 

FABRICA  ANDROGYNA,  Hermaphrodeity, 

FACE,  Fa'cies,  Vvitus,  Proso'pon,  (F.)  Face. 
The  face  is  the  anterior  part  of  the  head.  It  is 
formed  of  13  bones,  viz.  the  two  superior  maxil- 
lary, the  two  miliar,  the  two  ossa  nasi,  the  two 
ossa  unguis,  the  vomer,  the  tico  ossa  spongiosu 
inferiors.,  'he  two  palate  boats,  and  the  inferior 
maxillary,  without  including  the  frontal  portion 
of  the  os  frontis,  and  the  '32  teeth,  which  may 
be  considered  to  form  part  of  it.  lis  numerous 
muscles  are  chiefly  destined  for  the  organs  of 
sight,  hearing,  taste,  and  smell.     Its  arteries 


proceed  from  the  external  carotid;  its  veins  end 
in  the  jugular,  and  its  nerves  draw  their  origin 
immediately  from  the  brain. 

The  face  experiences  alterations  in  disease, 
which  it  is  important  to  attend  to.  It  is  yellow 
in  jaundice,  pale  and  puffy  in  dropsy;  and  its 
expression  is  very  different  according  to  the 
seat  of  irritation,  so  that,  in  infants,  by  an  at- 
tention to  medical  physiognomy,  we  can  often 
detect  the  seat  of  disease. 

Hippocrates  has  well  depicted  the  change 
which  it  experiences  in  one  exhausted  by  long 
sickness,  by  great  evacuations,  excessive  hun- 
ger, watchfulness,  &c,  threatening  dissolu- 
tion. Hence  this  state  has  been  called  Fades 
Hippocrat'ica,  or  Fades  Cadaver' ica,  F.  Tor- 
tua'lis.  In  this,  the  nose  is  pinched;  the  eyes 
are  sunk;  the  temples  hollow;  the  ears  cold, 
and  retracted;  the  skin  of  the  forehead  tense, 
and  dry,  the  complexion  livid;  the  lips  pen- 
dent, relaxed,  and  cold,  &c. 

The  term  Face,  (F.)  is  likewise  given  to  one 


FACE  IKJECTEE 


309         FALCIFORM  EXPANSION,  &c. 


of  the  aspects  of  an  organ;  thus,  we  say, the 
superior  face  of  the.  stomach. 

FACE,  INJECTEE,  see  Vultucux—f.  Vul- 
tueuse,  see  Vultueux. 

FACETTE'.  (F.)  Diminutive  of  face.  A 
small  face:  a  small,  circumscribed  portion  of 
the  surface  of  a  bone,  as  the  articular  facelte  of 
a  bone. 

FACHUNGEN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
These  springs  a  re  at  no  great  distance  from  those 
of  Geilenau  (q.  v.)  They  contain  free  carbonic 
acid;  carbonate,  sulphate,  and  phosphate  of 
soda;  chloride  of  sodium,  carbonate  of  lime, 
magnesia  and  iron. 

FACIES,  Face — f.  Cadaverica,  see  Face — f. 
Concava  pedis,  Sole — f.  flippocratica,  see  Face 
— f.  Inferior  pedis,  Sole — f.  Tortualis,  see  Face. 

FA'CIAL,  Facia' lis.  Belonging  to,  or  con- 
nected with,  the  face. 

Facial  Artery,  Labial  artery,  Angular  or  er- 
ternal  maxillary  artery,  A.  palato-labial — (Ch.)  ; 
is  a  branch  of  the  external  carotid,  which  rises 
beneath  the  digastricus,  and  is  distributed  to  al- 
most every  part  of  the  face.  It  furnishes  the 
inferior  palatal,  submental,  superior  labial,  infe- 
rior labial,  and  dor sa lis  nasi. 

Facial  Nerve,  Porlio  dura  of  the  7th  pair. 
Ramus  durior  sep'timse  conjugatio'nis,  Sympa- 
thel'icus  minor,  Respiratory  nerve  of  the  face. 
Par  sep'tirnum  s'we  facia' le,  Commii'nicans  faciei 
nernus.  This  nerve  arises  from  the  inferior  and 
lateral  part  of  the  tuber  annulare,  in  the  groove 
which  separates  it  from  the  medulla  oblongata, 
external  to  the  corpora  olivaria.and  by  the  side 
of  the  auditory  nerve.  It  issues  from  the  cra- 
nium by  the  meatus  audilorius  interims ;  enters 
the  aqueduct  of  Fallopius;  receives  a  branch  of 
the  Vidian  nerve;  sends  oft* filaments  to  the  in- 
ternal muscles  of  the  malleus  and  stapes;  fur- 
nishes that  called  Chorda  Tympani,-  makes  its 
exit  at  the  foramen  stylomastoideum,  and  di- 
vides into  two  branches — the  temporofaeiul,  and 
cervico-facial . 

Facial  Vein,  Pal' ato -labial — (Ch..)  arises 
between  the  skin  and  frontalis  muscle,  and  bears 
the  name  V.  Fronta'lis ;  (l'\)  Vcine  frontale  ou 
V.  preparole.  It  then  descends,  vertically,  to- 
wards the  greater  angle  of  the  eye,  where  it  is 
called  Angula'ris ,-  and  afterwards  descends, 
obliquely,  on  the  face,  to  open  into  the  internal 
jugular,  after  having  received  branches,  which 
correspond  with  those  of  the  facial  artery.  It 
is  only  in  the  latter  part  of  its  course  that  it  is 
called  Facial  Vein.  Chaussier  calls  the  externa! 
carotid  artery,  Facial  Artery. 

FA'CIENT,  faciens,  'making;'  from  facio, 
'I  make.'  A  suffix,  as  in  Calefacient,  Rubefa- 
cient, iVc,  '  warm  making,'  'red  making.' 

FACTICE.  Factitious. 

FACTiT'IOUS,  Faclilius,  (F.)  Faetice,  from 
far.crc,  'to  make.'  Artificial.  That  which  is 
made  by  art,  in  opposition  to  what  is  natural  or 
found  already  existing  in  nature.  Thus,  we 
say  factitious  mineral  waters,  for  artificial  mine- 
ral waters. 

FACULTY,  Fncvltas,  Power,  Virtue.  The 
power  of  executing  any  function  or  act.  The 
collection  of  the  intellectual  faculties  constitutes 
the  understanding.  We  sa}',  also,  vital  faculties 
for  vital  properties,  <S:c. 

FyECAL  RETENTION,  Constipation. 

F./ECES,  Plural  of  Fxx,-  Ckersse,  '  the  dregs 
of  any  tiling.'     Fec'ulence,  fq.  v.),  (F.)  Feces. 


Thealvine  evacuations  are  so  called;  (F.)  Garde- 
robes:  the  excrements;  Fxcul  matter.  See  Ex- 
crement. 

F.ECOSITAS,  Feculence. 

F^SCULA,  Fecula. 

F^ECULENTIA,  Feculence. 

FiECUNDATIO,  Fecundatio. 

FiECUNDITAS,  Fecundity. 

FiEX,  Feculence. 

FAGA'RA  OCTAN'DRA,  Elaph/riumtomen- 
to'sum,  Am'yris  tomento'sum,  from  fa gus,  'the 
beech,'  which  it  resembles.  The  systematic 
name  of  the  plant,  which  affords  Tacamahaca, 
a  resinous  substance,  tiiat  exudes  from  the  tree. 
Tacamahaca,  which  has  a  fragrant,  delightful 
smell,  was  formerly  in  high  estimation,  as  an 
ingredient  in  warm,  stimulating  plasters,  and 
was  given  internally  like  the  balsams  generally. 
The  East  India  Tacamahac,  Ba/'samunt  Vir'ide, 
O'leam  Mu'rix,  Bal'samum  Cat' aba,  Balsamvm 
marix,  Baumeverl,  is  yielded  by  the  Calophyl'- 
lum  inophyl'lttm. 

The  name  Tacamahac  is  also  given  to  a  resin 
furnished  by  Pop'ului  bahauiif'era,  which  grows 
in  the  northern  parts  of  America  and  Siberia 

Fag  ah  a  Pipeiu'ta,  (F.)  Fagarier  poivrd;  a 
native  of  Japan,  possesses  the  qualities  of  pepper, 
and  is  used,  as  such  by  the  Japanese.  It  is, 
also,  employed  as  a  rubefacient  cataplasm. 

FAGARIER  POIVRE,  Fagara  octandra. 

FAGOPYRUiVI,  Polygonum  fagopyrum. 

FAGUS  CASTA'NEA.  The  systematic  name 
of  the  Chestnut  Tree,-  Casta' nea,  C.  vulgaris, 
Casla'nta  vesca,  Lo'pima,  Mota,  Gluns  Juris 
Tn  eophhasti ..hi piter's  Acorn, Swrdi n! inn  Acorn; 
the  Common  Chestnut,  (F.)  Chataignier  com- 
num.  Family,  Amentacete.  Sex.  Syst.  Monuecia 
Polyandria.  The  Chestnut,  Casta  nea  nux,  (F.) 
Chataigne,  is  farinaceous  and  nutritious,  but 
not  easy  of  digestion. 

Fagus  Castanea  Pu'.wila.  The  Chin'capin 
or  Chinquapin,  Castanea  Fumila,  (F.)  Chataig- 
nier nain.  The  nut  of  this  American  tree  is 
eaten  like  the  chestnut.  The  bark,  Castanea, 
(Ph.  U.S.)  has 'been  used  in  intermittents. 

Fagus  Sylvat'ica.  The  systematic  name  of 
the  Beech,  Fagus,  Oxi/a ,  Baton' du,  Valanida,- 
the  Beech  Tree,  (F.)  Helre.  The  Beech-nut  or 
Beech-mast,  (F.)  Faine,  affords  an  oil,  by  ex- 
pression, which  is  of  a  palatable  character,  and 
is  eaten  in  some  places  instead  of  butter.  It  has 
been  supposed  to  be  a  good  vermifuge,  but  it  is 
no  better  than  any  mild  oil. 

FJIIBLF.SSE,  Debility. 

I 'AIM,  Hunger—/.  Canine,  Boulimia — f.  de 
Loup,  Fames  lupina. 

FAINE,  see  p'no-us  sylvatica. 

FAINTING- FIT,  Syncope. 

FA1KBURN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
The  mineral  waters  at  this  place,  which  is  in 
the  county  of  Ross,  in  Scotland, are  sulphureous, 
and  frequented. 

FAISCEAU.  Fasciculus—/.  Petit,  Fasciculus. 

FALCADINA,  Seherlievo. 

FAL'CIFORM,  Falcifor'mi.s,  Drepanoides, 
from  falx,  'a  scythe,'  and  forma,  'shape.' 
Having  the  shape  of  a  scythe.  This  term  has 
been  applied  to  different  parts.  See  Falx  and 
Sinus. 

Fai.cifoiim  Expansion  of  the  Fascia  Lata 
is  the  scythe-shaped  reflection  of  the  fascia  lata, 
which  forms,  outwards  and  upwards,  the  open- 
ing for  the  vena  saphsena,  and  is  attached  to 


FALLOPIAN  TUBE 


310 


TABLE- OF  FALSIFICATIONS 


the  crural  arch  by  its  superior  extremity,  form- 
ing the  anterior  paries  of  the  canal  of  the  same 
name. 

FALLOPIAN  TUBE,  see  Tube,  Fallopian. 

FA  ULTRA  NCK  or  FALTRANCK,  (G.) 
literally,  a  drink  against  falls.  A  vulnerary. 
It  is  a  mixture  of  several  aromatic  and  slightly 
astringent  plants,  which  grow  chiefly  in  the 
Swiss  Alps,  and  hence  the  name — Vulncraire 
Suisse — given  to  such  dried  plants,  cut  into 
fragments.  They  are  called,  also,  Especes  Vul- 
nir aires  and  Th6  Suisse. 

The  infusion  of  the  Falltranck  is  aromatic, 
and  slightly  agreeable,  but  of  no  use  in  the 
cases  for  which  it  has  been  particularly  recom- 
mended. 

FALMOUTH,  CLIMATE  OF.  The  climate 
of  Falmouth  in  Cornwall,  England,  resembles 
that  of  Penzance  (q.  v.:)  and  like  it,  is  in  many 
respects,  a  favourable  retreat,  for  the  phthisical 
during  the  winter  months. 

FALSA  VIA,  False  passage. 


FALSE,  Falsus,  Kothus,  Psendo,  Spurious, 
Bastard,  (F.)  Faux.  This  epithet  has  been  fre- 
quently added  to  peripneumony,  pleurisy,  &c, 
to  designate  a  disease  similar  to  these,  but  less 
severe.  Most  commonly,  a  severe  catarrh  or 
pleurodynia  has  received  the  name.  See  Pe- 
ripneumonia notha. 

False  Passage,  Falsa  Via,  (F.)  Fausse,  Route. 
An  accidental  passage,  made  in  surgical  opera- 
tions, and  particularly  in  introducing  the  cathe- 
ter. The  catheter  is  sometimes  passed  through 
into  the  rectum. 

False  Waters,  Hijdrallau'te,  False  Delivery. 
Water,  which  sometimes  collects  between  the 
amnion  and  chorion,  and  is  commonly  dis- 
charged before  the  birth  of  the  child. 

We  say,  also,  False  Ribs,  False  Rhubarb,  &c. 

FALSETTO  VOICE,  see  Voice. 

FALSIFICATION,  Adullera'lio,  from  falsus, 
'false,'  and  facere,  'to  make.'  A  fraudulent 
imitation  or  alteration  of  an  aliment  or  medi- 
cine by  different  admixtures.  It  is  synonymous 
with  adulteration  and  sophistication. 


TABLE  OF  COMMON  FALSIFICATIONS  OF  SOME  OF  THE  MOST  USEFUL 

DRUGS,  &c. 


Medicines. 


Adulterations. 


Mode  of  Detection. 


AcaCI.E  GUMMI. 

\tei dm  Destillatum. 

\cidum  muiuaticum. 

NlTRICUM. 

ACIDUJI  SULPHURICU.tf. 
ClTRICCM. 

j^IHER  ReCTIFICATL'F. 

Aqua  AmmonI-E. 
Ammonijf  Carbonas. 

Am.moniacum 


AnTIMONII     ^L'LniUI'.E- 
TUJI. 


AUGbNTI  NlTRAS. 


Arsenicum  Album. 
Balsamu.m  Percvianum. 


C  g.  S.  is  clammy  and  tenacious.    The  A.  G.  is  perMcdy  so 
\     luble  iii  u  at'  r,  and  its  solution  limp  d\ 


!_  Lead. 
Sulphuric  Acid 


y  Muriatic    and     Sulphuric 
j      Jicid. 

■>  Muriatic  and  Nitric  Acids. 
•?  Tartar  ic  and  Oxalic  Acids 


Too  dilute,. 
Sulphuric  Acid.. 


j  Own  Senegal. 

{  Sulphuric  Acid.  Acetate  of  baryies  causes  a  while  precipitate 

I  \nt    /.   i  ■  i  (  By  evaporating  it,  the  residuum  deflagrates,  when  thrown 

_,  JVitricjcia j      0|1  burning  charcoal. 

Coppr Supersaturate  with  ammonia — a  blue  colour  is  produced 

Sulphuretted  hydrogen  causes  a  dark  precipitate. 
Depos.tes  by  evaporation  the  salts  it  may  contain;  preci- 
I  itates  v\  ilh  solution  of  hydrochlorate  of  baryta  if  it  con- 
tains  sulphuric  arid. 
The  presence  of  chlorine  is  indirated  bya  precipitate  with 
nitra'e  of  silver:  that  of  sulphuric  acid  by  the  same  re- 
sult with  hydrothlorate  of  baryta. 
The  presence  of  muriatic  and  nitric  acid  is  indicated  by 

the  smell,  when  the  acid  tested  is  strongly  heated. 
Their  presence  is  indicated  by  forming  a  granular  sedi- 
ment in  a  concentrated  solution  of  a  neutral  salt  of  po 
ta.-sa. 
Its  S.  <;.  detects  this. 
By  acetate  of  baryies.     Trecii  iia'.e  white. 
alr  ;,„,  j  With  phosphorus  a   milky  instead  of  limpid  solution  is 

Mc'jll°l \      formed. 

f  (A  precipitation  occurs  on  adding  a  solution  of  muriate  of 

I  Carbonic  Acid.  <      lime. 

f  (It    should    be    capable    of   comp'ete     volatilization    by 

I I      heat. 

I  The  Qut.tm  Ammoniaci  are  white,  clear,  and  dry. 

• The  lump  Au:monitcum,  lapis  Ammoniaci,  is  o  ten  adulte 

rated  with  common  resin. 

f It  ought  to  be  entirely  volatilized  by  a  red  heat. 

I  Lead.  Imparts  a  foliated  texture,  and  is  not  vaporizable. 

*>   >»r..<.n.v  ^  A  sm'  "  °'~  garl'C  is  emitted   when  thrown  on  live  coals, 

j  Mr"enic \      &c. 

Are  not  vaporizable. 
(.  The  solution  assumes  a  hlue  colour,  when  super  at u rated 
<      with  amnion  a.     It  may  bj  suspected  when  the  salt  de- 
(      liques  es. 

f  The  adulteration  with  nitrate  of  potassa  is  easily  recog- 
|  bised  by  the  frai  tore  of  a  -ti<  k  of  it,  which  is  ladiated 
)  when  pure,  and  granular  it'  adulterated;  or  by  precipi- 
}  tilting  a  solution  of  ihe  salts  with  a  sufficient  quantity 
of  muna  ic  aeul.  and  evaporating  the  clear  liquor :  the 
nitrate  of  potassa  or  other  salts  will  remain. 


(  Manganese  and  Iron. 

r 

|  Copper. 


Nitrate  of  Potassa. 


Calumba. 


C  Chalk,   Sulphate  of  Lime,  t  ., 

I     Sulph  i  eofBaryt.s.        j  iNot  volatilizable  by  heat. 

iA  mixture  of   Resin   audi 

\      same   Volatile  Od,  icitkl  Not  easily  detected. 

(      Benzoin.  ( 

("The  true  is  distinguishable  from   the  false  Calumba  by 
I      adding  to  an  infusion   of  the  root,  a  few  drops  of  solu- 

' -j      tion  of  SUlpb.  iron,  wh.ch  gives  to  the  infusion  of  the 

I  j      false  Calumba,  a  grc  nish  black,  colour ;  b.t  produces  no 

I (     change  in  the  other.  


FALSIFICATIOiN  OF  DRUGS 


311 


FALSIFICATION  OF  DRUGS 


Medicines. 


Adulterations. 


Mude  of  Detection. 


Capsicum. 

Cayenne  Pepper. 


Castoreom. 
Castor. 


Cera  Flava. 

Yellow  Wax. 


Cera  Alba. 
IVInlc  Wax. 
Cinchona. 
Bark. 

Coccus. 
Cochineal. 


Copaiba. 

ISaUam  of  Copaiva. 


Troccs. 

Saffron. 

("UBEBA. 

Cubebs. 

Ccspari.e  Cortex. 
.-Ingustu-a  Bark. 

GtlAIACI  Fesina. 
Resin  of  Guaiacum. 

Hydrargyri  Nitrico- 

OXYDCM. 

Red  Precipitate. 


Hydra royri  Submurias. 
Calomel. 


HrtRARGYRI     SULPIIURE 
TL'M  Hijbrcm. 

Hydrargyri   Hclpuure 
tdai  Nigrum. 

Iodine. 


JUurlute  of  Soda. 
Red  Lead. 


I     goat. 
\  Em  th  or  . 


Tins  Disposes  it  lo  deliquesce 
(Digest  in  acetic  acid,  and  add  a  solution  of  sulphuretof 
<      ammonia—  a   dark-colou.ed    precipitate    will    be    pro 
(     duced. 

{A  mixture  of  dried  blood,  ( 
I      gran,   ammoniac,  and  a  | 

■{     little  real  castor,  stuffed-!,  Smell  and  taste  will  generally  detect  the  fraud. 
into    the   scrotum    of  a  | 

D            ,  (  Mav  be  suspected  when  the  cake  is  biittle  and  colour 

Pineal j      g-ayish 

|  R     .  \  Put  it  in  cold  alcohol,  which  will  dissolve  the  resin,  with 

<  csl  )      out  acting  on  the  wax. 

Is  known  by  ihe  greater  softness  and  unctuosity,  mid  its 

smell  when  melted.  Turmeric  is  generally  added  in  this 

case  to  obviate  the  paleness. 

TVlide  Lead \  Melt  the  wax,  the  oxide  will  subside. 

Tallow )  The  cake  lias  not  its  ordinary  translucency 

This    is  variously    adul-  (  Can  only  be  delected  by  practice,  and  examining  into  the 
I     ti  rated.  j     quantity  of  quifiia  or  cinchona  it  contains. 

(  Pieces  of  dough  formed  in  C 

<  moulds,     and   coloured!  Throw  it  into  water,  the  adulteration  will  appear. 
(      with  cochineal.  ( 

f  If  it  does  nut  retain  its  sphe  ical  form  when  dropped  into 
I      wati  r,  its  adulteration  may  be  inferred. 
J  ~..  j  Mix  one  part  of  strong  liquid  ammonia  0f22o,  with  three 

;      pails  of  copaiba.    If  pure,  t lie  mixture  wi  I.  in  a  few 

|      minutes,  become  transparent;    if  net,  it   will  remain 
I.     op. que. 


Tallow. 


I 


Fibres  of  smoke!  Beef 

Petals  of  the.  Calendula  of- 
ficinalis, and  Carthamus  ( 
Tinctorius. 
C  Turkey  Yellow  Berries,  or  C 
<      the  dried  fruit   of  the< 
(      R'lamnus  Catharticus.     ( 
<FuU 
I     tn 


Affords  an  unpleasant  odour  when  thrown  on  live  coals. 
Infuse  the  specimen  in  hot  water,  and  the  difference  will 
be  percept  blc. 


singustura 
mes  sold  for  it. 


.Ialats  Radix. 
Jalap  Root. 


Magnesia. 


Magnesia  Scbcar- 

bon  as 
Carbonate  of  JIagnesia. 

Manna. 


Detected  by  attentive  examination. 

The  epidermis  of  the  true  Cusparia  is  characterized  by 
being   covered   with  a  mailer  resembling   th.:   crust   of 
(      iron. 

I  Common  Resin j  Detected  by  the  turpentine  smell  emitted  when  thrown 

<j  }      upon  hot  coals. 

I     .      ,.      .  _  C  Add  to  the  tincture  a  few  drops  of  spirit  of  nitre,  and  di 

^Manchineel  uum 1     ,(lte   wj  ,,   „.,,,.,..    the    gUai;lcum    is  precipitated— the 

(      adul  era  ion  floats  in  the  white  stria;. 
n  j  t     j  (  Digest  in  acetic  acid;  add  snlphuret  of  ammonia,  which 

Rtd  Leaa )     will  produce  a  dark  coloured  p.ecipitate.    It  should  hi 

f  f     totally  volatil  zed  by  heat. 

fA    precipitation   will    be  prod  ced   by  the    carbonate  of 

j      |  ota>s,  from  a  solution  made  by  boiling  the  suspected 

samp  e  with  a  small  portion  of  muriate  of  aminoi  ia  ii 

)  distilled  water;    or,  the  presence  of  deuto-chloride   of 

}  -.  „  ...  \     mcrceirv  is  indicated,  by  warming  gently  a  smal  quan- 

l.vrrosiue  aubl.mate <;      ,jly  „f  c.,iome]  in    alcohol,  filtering  and  adding  to  th. 

clear  liquor  some  lime-water,  by  which  a  reddish  yellow 
precipitate  is  afforded.    When  calomel  is  rubbed  with  i 
(.  ■      fixe  I  a.k.ili  i:  ought  to  become  intensely  black,  and  not 

(  [     e\h  bit  any  orange  Ii  ie 

I  Red  Lead C  Digest  in  acetic  acid,  and  add  sulphuret  of  ammonia — i 

j  \     black  precipitate  w  ill  be  produced. 

(  Icory  Black (Throw  a  suspected  puition  on  hot  coals— the  residuum 

(      will  detect  the  fraud. 
Tin-  tests  of  its  purity  are — that   it  is  perfectly  soluble  in 
eiln  r.     Heated  on  a  p  ece  of  gla;S  or  porcelain,  it  sub 
1  ine>  without  residuum. 
Biyouy  rooi  is  of  a  paler  colour,  and  less  compact  texture, 
and  does  not  easily  burn  at  the  (lame  of  a  caridc. 
)  )'  Detected  by  ihe  solution  in  dilute  sulphuric  acid  affordin; 

)  Sulphuret  of  Lime.  I      a  precipitate  with  oxalate  of  ammonia. 

'  (Gives  oil' when  moistened,  the  smell  of  sulphuieitcd  hy 

f  (_     drogen. 

|  Chalk (Detected  by  adding  dilute  sulphuric  acid  to  the  su 

^  <      sub  lance,  when,  if  chalk   be   p.o.-ent,  there  will  be 

j  Gypsum (      while  insoluble  precipi  at 


C  Bryony  Rout. 
I  Lime 


I 


f. 


,  L  Detected  b; 
<     sub  tanci 

.  '      while  ins 

I  Hoil  in  tli - 1 

(      and  oxali 
.  (.  A  facti  ious  article,  consisting  of  honey  or  si 
.  <      with  scammony,  is  sometimes  sold  for  it ;  but 
.  (     weight,  transparency,  and  taste  elctect  it. 


Hoil  in  distilled  water,  and  lest  the  solution  by  a  havytic 
and  oxalic  reagent 

segar  mixed 
it  the  colour. 


Morphia  et  BJDS  Sai.es. 
Morphine  ai,d  its  Suits. 


Mosciius. 
Musk. 


(  Mm  pliia  and  its  silts,  when  placed  in  contact  with  nitric 
acid,  are  coloured  red;  with  per  salts  of  iron,  blue.  They 

I      are  perfectly  soluble  in   warm  alcohol,  an  l  acidulated 

warm  WHler.     When  morphia  is  mixed  with  narcotins 

the  adulteration  is  a  eertained  by  mixing  them  with  sul 

I     phuric  ether,  w  hich  dissolves  tlie  uarcoiina,  without  sen 

I      sibly  affecting  ihe  morphia. 

The  bat:  must  not  appear  tn  have  been  openeef. 

,  „,     .  This  may  be  suspected,  if  it  emits  a  fetid  smoke  when  in 

before    it    in- 


<  «r.«.„«™« flarae(j 

\  JtipkaHum Discovered  by   its   melting   an 

'  !      names 

i  Fine  pa? tides  of  Lrad. ...  [Hub  with  water,     The  metallic  particles  will  subside 


id  running, 


FALTRAXCK 


312 


FARD 


Medicines. 


Adulterations. 


Mode  of  Detection. 


Olea  Destillata. 
Essential  Oi  s. 


Oleum  Ricini. 
Caster  Oil. 


Hid  hold  n  before  lljc  lire 


Opicm. 


POTASSII  IoDID'Ot. 

Iodide  of  Potassium. 
Potass®  Hydriodas. 
Uydriodate  of  Polassa. 

(luiNi.E  Sulphas. 
Sulphate  of  Qnntii. 
Strychnia   et  ejus 

S  II.ES. 

Strychnia  and  its  Salts. 

ZlNPI  O.VYDUM. 

Flows  s  of  Zinc. 


„.     .  _i  C  Touch  writing  paper  with  iu  ai 

tixca  uus £     fixed  ,  J,  |Caves  a  stajn  ofgrea 

,,    ,   ,  \  Add  water.    A  milkme.-s  and  increase  of  temperature 

M<*M \     occurs, 

1   Olirc  or  Almond  or  Poppy  j  Alcohol  S.  G.  .£?0,  will  mix  with  any  prnpo  lion  of  castor 

,       Oil.  I     oil,  whilst  it  dissolves  very  little  of  the  (tli  i 

■  Extract  of  L^uorice,  Bui-  ( Th(,  bes,  0   ium  is  POVercd  wilh  |eavpg  and  the  reddk 

letsandston  s somcUmes  gu,eg  of  a         ies  of  Rum,x    Thc  ilir„rilll.  ,.jnds  h 

*Vh  E*tr"cj  °f.P°Ppy>  I      capsules  adherent.      It  is  bad   when    soft   and   friable 
<     9  ™I  cf  ri0 """"'""")      when  intensely  black  or  mixed  with  many  impurities 

jus-,  u.jtranc,  u    ii  a-       an(j  w|  en  sweet_    TJle  qua,ltity  0f  lnorphia  affords  the 

gacavth     Linseed    OU,  \      begt  tesU 
I      Cow  '*•  Dung.  {. 

fThe  adulteration  is  ascertained  by  precipitating  a  solution 
|  |      of  the  salt  with  nitrate  of  silver,  and  treating  the  precl-j 

4  Chlot  idc  of  Potassium.. .  .\     pitate  with  ammonia,    which   i.i-solves  the   chloride 

I  of  >ilver,  witiiout  acting  upon  the  iodi.ie  of  this' 
metal. 
Leaves  no  re-idue  when  submitted  to  calcination:  is  per- 
fectly  soluble  in  warm  alcnho1,  and  in  water  slightly 
acidulated  with  sulpnuric  acid. 

Tiiey  are  free  from  brucia  when   no  colour  is  produced 
by  contact  with  nitric  acid. 


Brucia. 


Chalk Sulphuric  acid  excites  an  effervescence. 

White  Lead Sulphuric  acid  firms  an  insoluble  sulphate  of  lend. 


FALTRANCK,  Falltranck. 

FALX.  Anatomists  have  given  this  name 
to  several  membranous  reflections  having  the 
shape  of  a  falx  or  scythe. 

Falx  Cer'ebri,  (F.)  Faux  du  cerneau,  Srp- 
tum  Cerebri,  Falx  major,  Ver'llcal  superior  lon- 
gitudinal prod'ess,  Mediastinum  cerebri,  Repli 
longitudinal  de  la  meninge,  (Ch.,)  Proces'sus 
falcif orrnis  dura  matris.  The  greatest  process 
of  lite  dura  mater.  It  extends  from  the  fore  to 
the  hind  part  of  the  skull,  on  the  median  line; 
is  broad  behind  and  narrow  before,  and  is 
lodged  in  the  groove  which  separates  the  he- 
mispheres from  each  other — the  interlobar  fis- 
sure. At  its  superior  part  is  seated  the  longi- 
tudinal sinus  (superior,)  and  at  its  lower,  cor- 
responding to  the  edge  of  the  scythe,  the  in- 
ferior longitudinal  sinus.  Its  anterior  extre- 
mity is  attached  to  the  crista  gall i ;  its  posterior 
is  continuous  with  the  tentorium  cerebelli,  and 
contains  the  straight  sinus. 

Falx  Cerebel'li,  (F.)  Faux  du  cervelet, 
Falx  minor,  Septum  Cerebel'li,  Septum  median 
du  cervelet  (Ch .,)  Proces'sus  falcifor'mis  Cere- 
bel'li,  Septum  1'arvum  occipital?,  is  a  triangular 
process  of  the  dura  mater  opposite,  the  internal 
occipital  protuberance.  Its  base  is  attached  to 
the  middle  of  the  tentorium,  and  its  top  or  apex 
bifurcates,  to  proceed  to  the  sides  of  the  fora- 
men magnum.  Its  convex  surface  is  towards 
the  cranium,  and  its  concave  in  the  fissure  or 
groove,  which  separates  the  two  lobes  of  the 
cerebellum. 

Falx  Major,  Falx  cerebri — f.  Minor,  Falx 
cerebelli. 

Falx,  Great,  of  the  Peritoneum,  Falx  Pe- 
ritonc'i  mnx'ima,  (F.)  Grande  faux  du  peril oine, 
Faux  de  la  Veine  Ombilicale,  Falx  of  ike  umbili- 
cal vein,  is  a  reflection  of  the  peritoneum,  which 
ascends  from  the  umbilicus  to  the  anterior  and 
inferior  surface  of  the  liver. 

Falces  Lesser  of  the  Peritone'um,  Falces 
Perilone'i  min'imx-  (F.)  Pclites  faux  du  peri- 
toine,  are  the  lateral  ligaments  of  the  liver  and 
the  reflections  which  the  peritoneum  forms, 
raised  up  by  the  umbilical  arteries. 

Falx  of  the  Umbilical  Vein,  Falx,  great, 
of  the  Peritoneum. 


FAMEL'ICA  FEBRIS,  from  fames,  'hun- 
ger.' Fever  accompanied  with  insatiable  hun- 
ger.— Sylvius. 

P'AMES,  Hunger — f.  Bovina,  Boulimia— f. 
Canina,  Boulimia. 

Fames  Luh'na,  Lycorex'is,  Faim  de  Loup. 
Authors  have  described,  under  litis  name,  a 
kind  of  Bulimia,  (q.  v.)  or  depravation  of  the 
digestive  function,  in  which  the  patient  eats 
voraciously,  and  passes  his  food,  almost  imme- 
diately afterwards,  per  anum. 

FAMIGERATIS'SIMUM  EMPLASTRUM, 
from  fama,  '  fame,'  and  gero, '  I  wear.'  A  plas- 
ter, extolled  in  ague,  and  made  of  aromatic, 
irritatinrrsubstances.  It  was  applied  to  the  wrist. 

FANCY   MARK,  Naavus. 

FANG,  Radix. 

F.J.YOJY,  (F.)  from  (G.)  Fa  line,  'a  ban- 
ner,' 'ensign,'  'standard.'  Fer'ulu,  Lee' lulus, 
Thor'ulus  stramin'tus.  A  splint  of  a  particular 
shape,  employed  in  fractures  of  the  thigh  and 
leg  to  keep  the  bones  in  contact. 

The  Funons  were  divided  into  true  and  false. 

The  true  con  sistsofacy  I  inderofstraw,  strongly 
surrounded  with  a  cord  or  riband,  in  the  centre 
of  which  a  stick  is  usually  placed  to  ensure  its 
solidity.  The  false  consists  of  a  thick  piece  of 
linen,  made  flat,  like  a  compress,  and  folded  at 
the  extremities.  It  was  placed  between  the 
fractured  limb  and  the  true  fanon.  The  Drup- 
fanon  is  a  large  piece  of  common  cloth  placed 
beneath  the  fractured  limb,  and  in  which  the 
fanons  or  lateral  splinis  are  rolled. 

FANTOM  or  PHANTOM,  from  icama/xa, 
'a  spectre.'  (F.)  Plianl6me,Fani6me,  Mannequin, 
Man'nekin.  This  word  has  two  acceptations.  It 
means  the  spectres  and  images  which  the  ima- 
gination presents  to  the  siuk,  when  asleep  or 
awake;  and,  also,  the  figure  on  which  surgeons 
practise  the  application  of  bandages,  or  the  ac- 
coucheur the  manual  part  of  midwifery. 

FARC1NOMA,  Equinia. 

FARCTU'RA,  Fartu'ra,-  from  farcire,  'to 
stuff'.'  The  operation  of  introducing  medicinal 
substances  into  the  cavities  of  animals  or  of 
fruits,  which  have  been  previously  emptied. 

FARCY  GLANDERS,  see  Equinia. 

FARD,  Paint. 


FARFARA 


313 


FASCIA  TRANSVERSALIS 


FARFARA,  Tussilago— f.  Bechium,  Tussi- 
lago. 

FARI'NA,  Alphiton,  Crimnon,  Al'eton,  Aleu'- 
ron,  Alt' ma,  from  far,  'corn,'  of  which  it  is 
made.  Meal  or  flour.  The  powder,  obtained 
by  grinding  the  seeds  of  the  gramineous,  legu- 
minous, and  cucurbitaceous  plants  in  particu- 
lar. It  is  highly  nutritious,  and  is  much  used, 
dietetically  as  well  as  medicinally. 

Farina  Amygdalarum,  see  Amygdala. 

Farina  Trit'jci,  wheaten  flour;  F.  Seca'lis, 
Rye  flour  or  meal;  F.  Hordci,  Barley  meal;  F. 
Arena' cea,  Oat  meal,  &c. 

Faring  Resolventes,  (F.)  Farines  Resolu- 
tives. This  name  was  formerly  given  to  a  mix- 
ture of  the  farina  of  four  different  plants;  the 
lupine,  lupinus  albus,  the  Ervum  Eroilia,  the 
Vteia  fuba,  and  the  Barley,  Hordeum  distichum. 
They  were  recommended  to  form  cataplasms. 

FARINA'OEOUS,  Farinafceus,  Farina' sus, 
(F.)  Farineuz,  Mealy.  Having  the  appearance 
or  nature  of  farina.  A  term  given  to  all  articles 
of  food  which  contain  farina.  The  term  Fctri- 
naceu  includes  all  those  substances,  called  ce- 
realia,  le  gumma,  &c,  which  contain  farina,  and 
are  employed  as  nutriment.  In  Pathology,  the 
epithet  farinaceous,  (F.)  farineuz,  is  applied  to 
certain  eruptions,  in  which  the  epidermis  ex- 
foliates in  small  particles  similar  to  farina. 

FARINARIUM,  Alica. 

EdRWES  RESOLUTIVES,  Farinas  resol- 
ventes. 

FARLXEUX,  Farinaceous. 

FARINOSUS,  Farinaceous. 

FART,  Sax.  rapt,  from  Teut.  fuhrcn,  '  to  go:' 
— fart,  '  a  voyage.'  (G.)  Furz,  (L.)  bdel'/us, 
Crejj'ilus  (q.  v.,)  (F.)  Ret.  A  sonorous  or  other 
dischaige  of  wind  from  behind.  A  low  word, 
but  of  respectable  parentage. 

FARTURA.  Faictura. 

FAS'CIA,  from  fascis,  'a  bundle.'  Liga'- 
tio,  Ligatu'ra,  Al  ligatu'ra,  Anades'mus,  Vin'- 
eula,  Spcr'  ganon,  Epides' Dios,  a  bandage,  (q.  v.,) 
fillet,  roller,  ligature,  (q.  v. J  The  aponeurotic 
expansions  of  muscles,  which  bind  parts  toge- 
ther are,  likewise,  so  termed: — Aponeurosis, 
Perimysium. 

Fascia  Aponeurotica  Femoris,  Fascia  hita 
aponeurosis — f.  Capitalis,  Bonnet  d'Hippocratc 
— f.  Capitis,  Diadeina — f.  Digitalis,  Gantelet — f. 
Diophlhalinicn,  Binoculus — f.  Dividens,  Di- 
viding bandage. 

Fascia  Ili'aca,  11' iac  aponeurosis.  An  apo- 
neurosis, which  proceeds  from  the  tendon  of  the 
psoas  minor,  or  which  arises  from  the  anterior 
surface  of  the  psoas  magnns,  when  the  former 
muscle  does  not  exist.  It  is  attached,  exter- 
nally, to  the  inner  edge  of  the  crest  of  the  ilium, 
below,  and  anteriorly — on  one  side,  to  the  cru- 
ral arch,  sending  an  expansion  to  the  fascia 
transversalis ;  and  on  the  other,  continuous 
with  the  deep  seated  lamina  of  the  fascia  lata, 
which  forms  the  posterior  paries  of  the  crural 
canal.  Within  and  behind,  the  fascia  iliaca  is 
attached  to  the  brim  of  the  pelvis,  and  is  con- 
tinuous with  the  aponeurosis,  which  M.  Jules 
Cloquet  has  called  Pelvian.  The  iliac  aponeu- 
rosis covers  the  iliac  and  psoas  muscles,  which 
it  Be  para  tea  from  the  peritoneum. 

Fascia  Inguinai.is,  Spica. 

Fascia  Lata.  A  name  given  by  anatomists 
to  an  aponeurosis,  and  to  a  muscle. 

Fascia  Lata  Aponeurosis,  Fascia  aponeu- 
21 


rot' ica  fern' or  is,  Crural  or  Fein'  oral  Aponeurosis , 
is  the  most  extensive  in  the  body,  and  envelops 
all  the  muscles  of  the  thigh.  Above,  it  is  at- 
tached to  the  outer  edge  of  the  ilia;  before,  it 
arises  from  the  crural  arch  by  two  distinct  la- 
mine,  separated  by  the  femoral  vessels  and  be- 
coming confounded  a  little  below  the  part 
where  the  great  vena  saphaena  opens  into  the 
crural  vein.  Of  these  two  lamina;,  the  one  is 
more  anterior  and  thicker  than  the  other,  and 
may  be  considered  as  a  prolongation  of  the 
aponeurosis  of  the  external  oblique.  It  is  inti- 
mately united  to  Poupart's  ligament.  The  other, 
which  is  thinner,  is  behind,  and  deeper  seated; 
and,  after  its  union  with  the  former,  proceeds 
to  be  inserted  into  the  pubis,  lnferiorly,  the 
fascia  lata  becomes  confounded  with  the  tendon 
of  the  triceps,  and  is  attached  to  the  external 
tuberosity  of  the  tibia.  The  use  of  the  fascia 
lata,  like  that  of  other  aponeuroses,  is  to 
strengthen  the  action  of  the  muscles,  &c. 

Fascia  Lata  Muscle,  Tensor  vagi'na •  fern'- 
oris,  Fascia! lis,  Membranv'sus,  llio-uponivrosi- 
femoral,  Mas' cuius  aponeurosis  vel  fuscix  latse, 
llio-iiponecroli-fcinoral —  (Ch.)  Tenseur  de  I  apo- 
nccrosef [morale.  A  muscle, situate  at  the  upper 
and  outer  part  of  the  thigh.  Jt  arises,  above. 
from  the  outer  part  of  the  anterior  and  superior 
spine  of  the  ilium;  and  is  inserted,  below,  be- 
tween the  two  laminae  of  the  fascia  lata,  which 
it  stretches  and  raises  when  it  contracts. 

Fascia  Scui.teti,  Bandage  of  separate  strips, 
— f.  Semicircularis,  Taenia  semicircularis — f. 
Spiralis,  Asri  >  —  f  Stellata,  Stella — f.  Submus- 
cular,  see  Vaginal,  (of  the  eye.) 

Fascia    Superficia'i.is,  Superficial   aponeu- 
rosis of  the  abdomen  and  thigh.     (F.)  A  pone- 
vrosc  superficielle  de  I abdomen  et  de  la  cuissc. 
A    very    thin    aponeurosis,   which    covers    the 
muscles    and     aponeuroses    of    the    abdomen; 
passes  before  the  crural  arch,  to  which  it  ad- 
heres with  some  degree  of  force;  sends  a  mem- 
branous sheath,  which  surrounds  the  spermatic 
chord  ;  and  is  continuous  with  the  darlos,  which 
it  assists  in  forming.     The  fascia  superficialis 
presents,  beneath  the  crural  arch,  very  distinct 
j  fibres  whose  direction  is  parallel  to  the  fold  of 
;  the  thigh.     It   is   applied   over   the   fascia  lata 
aponeurosis,  and  is  attached,  internally,  to  the 
ascending  ramus  of  the  ischium,  near  the  root 
of  the  corpus  cavernosum.     Before  the  descent 
I  of  the   testicle  from  the    abdomen,  the   fascia 
!  superficialis  is  very  manifestly  continuous  with 
I  the  Guhcrnaculum  testis. 

Fascia    Tformjs,   T.    bandage — f.    Tortilis. 
I  Tourniquet. 

Fascia    Transversa'i.is.     An    aponeurosis. 

which  separates  the  transversalis  muscle  from 

the    peritoneum    in    the    inguinal    region.     It 

i  arises  about  the    posterior  edge  of  the  crural 

I  arch,  where  it  seems  to  be  continuous  with  the 

!  aponeurosis    of    the    greater    oblique    muscle. 

j  Above,  it  is  lost  in  the  cellular  tissue  at  the  in- 

|  ternal  surface  of  the  transversalis   abdominis. 

Within,  it  is  continuous  with  the  outer  edge  of 

j  the  tendon  of  the  rectus  muscle  and  Gimber- 

nat's  ligament;  below,  it  is  continuous  with  the 

aponeurosis  of  the  greater  oblique,  and  receives 

an  expansion  from  the  Fascia  Iliaca.     Towards 

its  middle  and  a  little  above  the  crural  arch, 

the  fascia  transversalis  has  the  wide  orifice  of  a 

canal,  which  is  occupied,  in  the  female,  by  the 

round  ligament  of  the  uterus;  and  in  man,  fur- 


FASCLE 


314 


FEB  RIS 


nishos  an  expansion,  that  serves  as  a  sheath  to  i  the  vessels  to  which  they   attribute  the  secre- 
the  spermatic  vessels.  lion  of  Cat. 

FASCLE,  Swathing  clothes.  Fatty  Degeneration  of  the  Liver,  Adipo- 


FASCIALIS.  Fascia  lata  muscle.  Sartorius. 
FASC1AKU.M  APPLICATIO,  Deligation. 


FASCIATIO,   Deligation,    see    Bandage — f.  s<«,  Amen'tia,-  from  fat'uus,  'foolish.'     Mental 


Cucullata.  Couvreckef 

FASCICULI  TERETES  CORDIS,  Colum- 
nar carnea?. 

FASCICULUS,  from/«sc/Va  bundle,'  Des- 
me'dion,  'a  small  bundle.'  In  Anatomy,  it  is 
employed  in  this  sense ;  as" a  fasciculus  of  fibres. ' 
(F.)  Fuiseeau  ou  Petit  Faisceau,  Trousseau.  In 
Pharmacy,  it  means  manip'ulus,  Cfieirople'lhes, 
y^stoovkr^tje,  'a  handful:' — Musa  Brassavolus, 
says, — as  much  as  can  be  held  in  two  ringers. 

Fasciculus  Cuneatus,  Reinforcement,  fasci- 
culus of — f.  of  Reinforcement,  Reinforcement, 
F.  of. 

FASCINUM,  Penis. 

FASCIOLA,  Bande!ette—f.  Cinerea,  Tuber- 
culum  cinereuni — f.  Hepatica,  Distoma  hepati- 
cum — f.  Humana,  Distoma  hepaticum — f.  Lan- 
ceolata.  Distoma  hepaticum. 

FASELUS,  Phaseolus  vulgaris. 

FASTIDIUM  C1BI,  Disgust. 

FASTIGIUM,  Acme. 

FASTI  N  G,  from  Sax.  Fse  re  a  n,  Li  mo' sis  ex 
jiers  pi  olrue'la,  Anorex 'in.  miral/ilis,  I/te'tliu,  Je- 
ju'nium.  Loss  or  want  of  appetite,  without 
any  oth'-r  apparent  affection  of  the  stomach: 
so  that  the  system  can  sustain  almost  total  ab- 
stinence for  a  long-  time  without  faintness. 
Some  wonderful  cases  of  this  kind  are  on  re- 
cord.    See  Abstinence. 

FAT,Pinguedo  —  f.  Mackaw,sce  Cocos  buty- 
rncea. 

FATTY,  Adtpo'sus,  Sax.  poet;  past  parti- 
ciple of  )vcxtn,  to  feed, — adipous.  Relating  to 
fat.  The  cellular  system  has  been  called  fatty 
or  adipous ;  from  an  opinion  that,  in  its  areola; 
the  fat  is  deposited.  The  cellular  membrane, 
however,  merely  lodges,  between  its  lamella; 
and  filaments,  the  vesicles  in  which  the  fat  is 
contained. 

I'.xi  iv  or  Adipous  Lig'amkst.     This  name 

pen  given  to  a  reflection  of  the  synovial 

membrane  of  the  knee  joint,  which  passes  from 

t!;e  ligamentum  patellar  towards  the  cavity  that 

separates  the  condyles  of  the  femur. 

Fatty  or  Adipous  Membrane,  or  adipous 
tissue.  The  subcutaneous  cellular  tissue,  or 
that  containing-  the  i'atty  or  adipous  vesicles, 
(q.  v.) 

I'atty  or  Adipous   Ves'ici.es,  Sac'culi  adi- 

po'ti.  This  name  is  given  to  small  bursa;  or 
membranous  vesicles  which  enclose  the  fat, 
and  are  found  situate  in  the  areola?  of  the  cel- 
lular tissue.  These  vesicles  vary  much  in  size. 
Generally,  they  are  round  and  globular;  and 
in  certain  subjects,  receive  vessels  which  are 
very  apparent.  They  form  so  many  small  sacs 
without  apertures,  in  the  interior  of  which  are 
its,  arranged    like  septa.     In    fatty  sub- 


sis  hepatica — f.  Liver,  Adiposis  hepatica, 
FATU'lTAS,  Moro'sis,  Stukitf'ia,  Stupor  men- 


imbecility.     Idiolisni,  (q.  v.)     Dtmentia,  (q.  v.) 

FAUCES.  Pharynx,  Throat. 

FAUCETTE  VOICE,  see  Voice. 

FAUNO'RUM  LUDIB'RrA.  The  sports  of 
lite  Fauni.  Some  authors  have  called  thus  the 
incubus;  others,  epilepsy. 

FAUSSE  COUCHE,(F.)  Vanum  partu'rium. 
Some  authors  have  used  this  term  for  the  ex- 
pulsion of  different  bodies  constituting  false 
conceptions;  such  as  moles,  hydatids,  clots  of 
blood,  »5cc.  Most  accoucheurs  use  the  term 
synonymously  with  abortion. 

FJ3US.SE  POSITION  (F.)  False  position. 
The  French  use  this  term,  in  vulgar  language, 
to  indicate  the  torpor,  and  tingling,  and  loss 
of  power  over  the  motion  of  a  part,  produced 
by  too  strong  contraction  or  painful  compres- 
sion. 

FAUSSE  ROUTE,  False  passage. 

FAUSTI'NI  PASTIL'LI.  Fauslinvs's  Lo- 
zenges. These  were  once  celebrated.  They  were 
composed  of  burnt  paper,  quicklime,  oxide  of  or- 
senic,  sandaracli,  lentils ,  &c. 

FAUX,  False— -f.  tin  Cerveav ,Falx  cerebri—/. 
tin  Cervclet,  Falx  cerebelli— /.  Grande  duperi- 
toNie,  Falx,  great,  of  the  peritoneum—/.  Petite 
da  pcriloine,  Falx,  lesser,  of  the  peritoneum-/. 
de  la  Veine  ombilicale,  Falx,  great,  of  the  perito- 
neum. 

FAVEUX,  Favosus. 

FAVIFOR.M1S,  Favosus. 

FAV'O'SUS.  Similar  toa  honey-  comb,  Fawr 
form'is,  Fo rons,  from  favus,  cefrion,  'a  honey- 
comb,' (F.)  Faveux,  An  epithet  given  to  a  spe- 
cies of  porrigo.  Cerion,  Favus,  means  also  a 
stale  of  ulceration,  resembling  a  honey-comb. 

FAVUS,  Porrigo,  Porrigo  favosa,  see  Favo- 
sus. 

FEATH  ERFEW.  Matricaria. 

FEBKIC'TI'A  lNS,  Feb'riens,  Enip'yros.  One 
attacked  with  fever,  from  febricitare,  'to  have 
a  lever.' 

FEBRICOSUS,  Feverish. 

FEBRIC'ULA.  Diminutive  offebris,  'fever.' 
A  term  employed  to  express  a  slight  degree  of 
fever. 

FEBRIENS,  Febricitans,  Feverish. 

FEB R-IF'E ROUS,  Fcl/rifir,  from/,/, 
ver,'  and  fero,  'I  carry.'     Fever-bearing,  as  a 
ft  l/r  ft  inns  locality. 

FEB'RIF  UGE,  Lexipyre.t'icus,  Pyretfir-ns, 
Alexipyretficus,  Antifebri'lis,  AtUipyret'ic,  Feb1 
rifvgvs,  from  febris,  'a  fever,'  and  fugare,  'to 
drive  away.'  A  medicine  which  possesses  the 
property  of  abating  or  driving  away  fever. 

FE'BRILE,  febri'lis.  Relating  to  fever,  as 
febrile  i)ioreiiienl,fil '.;•  -it  poise,  &C. 

FLBR'IS,  Fever — f.  Acmastica,  Svnocha — f. 


jects,  the  adipous  vesicles  are  very  perceptible,  :  Acuta,  Synocha — f.  Adeno-meningea,  Fever, 
being  attached  to  the  cellular  tissue  and  neigh-  adeno- meningeal — f.  Adeno-nervosa,  Plague — 
louring  parts  by  a  vascular  pedicle.  Raspail  f.  Agrypnode ;,  see  Agrypnodes  and  AgrypnOS 
affirms  that  there  is  the  most  striking  analogy  j — f.  Alba,  Chlorosis — I.  Amatoria,  Chlorosis, 
between  the  nature  of  the  adipous  granules  and  Medic  fever— f.  Americana,  Fever,  yellow— f. 
that  of  the  amylaceous  grains.  A  tnphimerina    hectica,    Hectic    fever — f.    Am- 

Fatty  or  Adipous  Vessels.  The  vessels  phimerina  latica.  Latica  (febris)— f.  Ampullosa, 
connected  with  the  fat.  Some  anatomists  have  Pemphigus — f.  Anabatica,  Continued  fever — f. 
called  Adipous  canuls;  (F.)   Conduits  adipeux,    Angiotenica,  Synocha  — f.Anginosa,  Angina— f. 


FEBRIS 


315 


FECULENT 


Annua,  see  Annual  diseases — f.  Anomalus,  Fe-  I 
ver,  anomalous^-f.  Aphonica,  Fever,  aphonic. —  I 
f.  Aphthosa,  Aphtha — f.  Apoplectica,  Fever,apo- 
plectic— f.  Aniens,  Synocha — f.  Arte  promota, 
Fever,  artificial — f.  Arthrilica,  Gout — f.  Asodes, 
Fever,  bilious,  see  Asodes— f.  Assidua,  Con- 
tinued fever — f.  Asthenica,  Fever,  asthenic—  f. 
Asthmatica,  Fever,  asthmatic — f  Ataxoadyna- 
mica.  Fever,  ataxo-adynamic — f.  Biliosa,  Fever, 
bilious— f.  Bullosa,  Pemphigus— f.  Cardialgia, 
Fever,  cardialgic— f.  Calarrhalis,  Catarrh— f. 
Catarrhalis  epidemica,  Influenza — f  Causodes, 
Synocha — f.  Cephalalgia,  Fever,  cephalalgic — 
f.  Cholepyretica,  Fever,  bilious — f.  Cholerica, 
Fever,  bilious,  Fever,  choleric — f.  Chronica, 
Fever,  chronic — f.  Colliquativa,  Fever,  colli- 
quative—  f.  Comatodes,  Fever,  apoplectic — f. 
Communicans,  see  Subintrantes  F. — f.  Con- 
fusa,  see  Confusae  febres — f.  Continens,  Syno- 
cha— f.  Continens  non  putrida,  Synocha — f 
Continens  putrida,  Synochus — f.  Conlinua  in- 
flammatoria, Empresma — f.  Continua  putrida, 
Synochus — f.  Continua  putrida  icterodes  Ca- 
roliniensis,  Fever,  yellow  —  f.  Continua  non 
putris,  Synocha — f.  Continua  sanguinea,  Sy- 
nocha— f.  Convulsiva,  Fever,  convulsive — f. 
Culicularis,  Miliary  fever — f.  cum  Delirio,  Fe- 
ver, delirious — f.  Depnratoria,  Fever,  depura- 
tory — f.  Deurens,  Synocha — f.  Diaphoretica, 
Fever,  diaphoretic  —  f.  Diaria,  Ephemera — f. 
Duodecimana,  Fever,  duodecimane — f.  Dysen- 
terica,  Dysentery— f.  Elodes,  see  Ixodes  —  f. 
Elodes  icterodes,  Fever,  yellow — f.  Enterome- 
senterica,  see  Entero-mesenteric — f.  Epacmas- 
tica,  see  Epacmasticos — f.  Ephemera,  Ephe- 
mera—f.  Epidemica  cum  angina,  Cynanche  ma- 
ligna— f.  Epileptica.  Fever,  epileptic — f.  Eroti- 
ca. Fever,  erotic — f.  Erralica,  Fever,  anomalous. 
Fever,  erratic — f.  Erysipelacea,  Erysipelas — f. 
Erysipelalosa,  Erysipelas — f.  Esserosa,  Miliary 
fever — f.  Flava,  Fei'er,  yellow — f.  Gangra> 
nodes,  Fever,  gangrenous — f.  Gaslrica,  Fever, 
bilious,  Fever,  gastric — f.  Gastro-adynamica, 
Fever,  gastro-adynamic — f.  ilasmoptoica,  Fe- 
ver, hffiinoptoic  —  f.  Hectica,  Hectic  fever — f. 
Ilectica  maligna  nervosa,  Typhus  mitior — f. 
Hepatica, Fever,  bilious — f.  Hepatica  inflamma- 
toria, Hepatitis — f.  Horrifica,  see  Algidus — f. 
Humoralis,  Fever,  humoral — f.  Hung  irica,  Fe- 
ver, Hungaric  —  f.  Hydrocephalica,  Hydroce- 
phalus internus — f.  Hydrophobica,  Fever,  hy- 
drophobic—  f.  Hysterica,  Fever,  hysteric — f.  Ic- 
terica,  Fever,  icteric — f.  lliaca  inflammatoria, 
Enteritis — f.  Infantum  remittens,  Fever,  infan- 
tile remittent — f.  Inflammatoria,  Synocha — f. 
Intermittens,  Intermittent  fever — f.  lutestinalis 
ulcerosa,  see  Typhus — f.  Intestinorum,  Enteri- 
tis— f.  Irregularis,  Fever,  anomalous — f  Lac  tea, 
Fever,  milk— f.  Larvata,  Fever,  masked  —  f 
Lenta,  Hectic  fever,  Synochus — f  Lenta  ner- 
Typhus mitior,  Fever,  nervous — f.  Lethar- 
gica,  Fever,  apoplectic — f.  Lochialis,  Fever,  !o- 
chial — f.  Lyngodes,  Lynrrodes  febris — f.  Malig 
na,  Fever,  malignant — f.  Maligna  biliosa  Ame- 
rica?, Fever,  yellow — f.  Maligna  flava  India? 
ntalis,  Fever,  yellow  —  f.  Marasmodes, 
Hectic  fever — f.  Mesentecica,  Fever,  adeno-me- 
ningeal,  Fever, mesenteric — f.  Miliaris,  Miliary 
fever — f.  Minuta,  Fever,  syncopal — f.  Morbillo- 
so,  Rubeola — f.  Mucosa,  Fever,  adeno-menin- 
geal — f.  Nautica  pestilentialis,  Typhus  gravior 
—  f.  Nephritica,  Fever,  nephritic — f.  Nervosa, 
Fever,  nervous — f.  Nonana,  Fever,  nonane — f. 


Nosocomtorum,  Typhus  gravior— f.  Oclana, 
Fever  octane — f.  Oscitans,  Oscitant  fever — f. 
Pemphingodes,  Pemphigus — f.  Pemphygodes, 
Pemphigus — f.  Pemptcea,  Quintan — f.  Periodica, 
Fever,  periodic — f.  Perniciosa,  Fever,  perni- 
cious— f.  Pestilens,  Plague — f.  Pestilens  malig- 
m,  Typhus  gravior — f.  Pestilentialis, Fever,  pes- 
tilential—  f.  Petechialis,  Typhus  gravior  —  f. 
Phtbisica,  Hectic  Fever— f.  Pleuritica,  Pleuri- 
tis— f.  Polycholica,  Fever,  bilious — f.  Puerpera- 
rum,  Puerperal  fever — f.  Puncticularis,  Miliary 
fever,  Typhus  gravior— f.  Puerperalis,  Fever, 
puerperal— f.  Purpurate  rubra  et  alba  miliaris, 
Miliary  fever — f.  Purulenta,  Fever,  purulent — 
f.  Putrida,  Typhus  gravior — f.  Putrida  nervosa, 
Typhus  mitior— f.  Quartana,  Quartan— f.  Quer- 
quera,  see  Algidus — f.Quinta,Quintan — f.Quin- 
tana.  Fever,  quintan,  Quintan — f.  Quotidiana, 
Fever,  quotidian,  Quotidian — f.  Regularis,  Fe- 
ver, regular — f.  Remittens,  Remittent  fever — f. 
Remittens  infantum,  Fever,  infantile  remittent 
— f.  Rheumatica  inflammatoria,  Rheumatism, 
acute — f.  Rubra,  Scarlatina — f.  Rubra  prurigi- 
nosa,  Urticaria — f.  Sanguinea,  Synocha — f.  Sa- 
propyra,  Typhus  gravior — f.  Scarlatinosa,  Scar- 
latina—  f.  Scorbutica,  Fever,  scorbutic — f.  Sep- 
tana,  Fever,  septan — f.  Sesquiallera,  Hemitri- 
trea — f.  Sextana,  Fever,  sextan — f.  Simplex, 
Ephemera,  Fever, simple — f.  Singultosa,  Fever, 
singultous — f.  Soporosa,  Fever,  apoplectic — f. 
Stercoralis,  Fever,  stercoral — f.  Slhenica,  Sy- 
nocha— f.  Stomachica  inflammatoria,  Gastritis 
— f.  Subintrans,  Fever,  subintrant — f.  Suda- 
toria, Fever,  diaphoretic,  Sudor  anglicus — f. 
Syncopalis,  Fever,  syncopal — f.  Syphilitica, 
Fever,  syphilitic — f.  Tabida,  Fever,  colliqua- 
tive, Hectic  fever — f.  Tertiana,  Fever,  tertian, 
Tertian  fever — f.  Tonica,  Synocha — f.  Topica, 
Neuralgia  facial — f.  Toxica,  Fever,  yellow — f. 
Tragica,  Fever,  tragic — f.  Traumatica,  Fever, 
traumatic — f.  Tropica,  Fever,  yellow — f.  Ty- 
phodes,  Typhus — f.  Uiticata,  Urticaria — f.  Ute- 
rina,  Metritis — f.  Vaga,  Fever,  anomalous — f. 
Variolosa,  Variola — f.  Verminosa,  Fever,  ver- 
minous— f.  Vernnlis,  Fever,  vernal — f.  Vesicu- 
laris,  Miliary  fever,  Pemphigus — f.  Virginum, 
Chlorosis. 

FECES,  Faeces. 

F/'CONDA  770.V,  Fecundation. 

FliCOXDlTlL  Fecundity. 

FECULA  or  FiE'CULA,  diminutive  or  fax, 
'lee.'  An  immediate  principle  of  vegetables, 
composed  of  hydrogen,  oxvgen,  and  carbon.  It 
exists  in  several  plants,  and  has  different  names, 
according  to  that  which  furnishes  it.  When 
extracted  from  wheat  or  barley,  it  is  called 
starch,  Am' ylum,  (q  v.)  When  from  the  Cycas 
cir cilia' lis,  Sago,- — from  the  Orchis  morio,  Salep. 
We  say.  also,  Fccula  of  the  Potato,  Bryony, 
.■3 rum,  Manioc,  <fcc. 

Fkcula  Green.  This  name  is  given  to  a 
green,  solid  matter  of  variable  character,  which 
is  believed  to  be  resinous,  and  which  renders 
turbid  several  kinds  of  juices,  extracted  from 
vegetables.     It  is,  also,  called  Chlorophyll. 

Fecula  Amylacea,  Amylum — f.  Marantce, 
Arrow  root. — f.  Tapioka,  see  Jatropha  manihot. 

FECULENCE,  Facuhn'tia.  F(ecos,ilas,Fax, 
Fai'ces,  Lee,  Drposit,  Dregs.  In  Pharmacy, 
feculent,  albuminous,  or  other  substances,  which 
are  deposited  from  turbid  fluids. 

FECULENT,  Facitkn'tus,  Trygo'des,  'Foul, 


FECUNDATION 


316 


FEIGNED  DISEASES 


dreggy,  excrementitious;'  as  a  feculent  fluid, 
feculent  evacuations,  &c. 

FECUNDATION,  Facunda'tio,  Impregna- 
tion, Impregna'ti.o,  Cye'sis,  Encye'sis,  E ncymo' sia, 
(F.)  Ficondaiion.  The  act  by  which  in  orga- 
nized beings,  the  germ  contained  in  the  gene- 
rative organs  of  the  female,  receives  from  the 
male  organs  that  which  is  necessary  for  its  de- 
velopment. 

FECUN'DITY,  Facun'ditas,  (F.)  FiconditL 
The  faculty  of  reproduction,  possessed  by  or- 
ganized bodies. 

It  has  been  estimated  that  throughout  a 
country,  taking  one  marriage  with  another,  not 


more  than  4  children  are  the  result;  and  in 
towns  only  35  children  to  10  marriages. 

F&GJiRlTE,  Cancer  aquaticus. 

FEIGNED  DISEASES,  Simulated  diseases, 
Pretend'ed  Diseases,  (F.)  Maladies  dissimu/as, 
M.  simulees,  M.  feintes,  M.  supposdes.  The 
tricks  employed,  by  impostors,  to  induce  a  be- 
lief that  they  are  attacked  with  diseases  when 
they  are  not.  These  are  generally  assumed  by 
beggars  to  obtain  alms;  by  criminals  to  escape 
punishment;  and  by  soldiers  to  be  exempt 
from  duty. 

TliefollowingTable  exhibits  the  chief  feigned 
diseases,  with  the  means  of  detection. 


A  TABLE  OF  FEIGNED,   PRETENDED,  SIMULATED,  OR  EXCITED  DISEASES 
OR  DISQUALIFICATIONS. 


Diseases,  &c. 


How  Feigned. 


How  Detected. 


1.  Abortion. 

2.  Abstinence. 

3.  Amaurotic    Blind- 
ness. 


By  staining  the  clothes    and    body   with 
borrowed  blood. 

By  constant  and  minute  attention 

f  Amaurosis    is    characterized   by  dilated 

By  applying  the  extract  of  belladonna  or  J      pupil.     Where   these  substances  have 

)      bi'en  applied,  the  effects  will  go  off  in 
l,  _  ten  days  or  a  fortnight 


the  datura  stramonium  to  the  eye. 


4.  Apoplexy. 


5.    Cachexia,    An-emia 
and  Debility. 


G.  Excretion  of  Cal- 
culi. 


7.  Cancerous  Ulcer. 


8.  Catalepsy. 


S  By  falling  down  as  if  deprived  of  sensation  /  ^  ]^'el!ul  f"?lU'antS=  an  f'^tric  shock; 

i     and  consciousness  i      nPPllfation  of  lint  water,  sternutatories, 

^     and  consciousness.  ^     actual  cautery,  &c. 

Using  substances  to  make  the  face  appear  (  By  examining  if  the  pulse  be  strong,  and 

pale  and  livid.    Indulging  freely  in  wine,  1     the  skin  hot,  and  whether  there  be  lose 

and  privation  of  sleep  prior  to  examina- ;      of  appetite  or  of  strength,  or  swelling  of 

tion.  I     the  limbs. 

fBy   the  aid  of  chymistry.     We  are  ac- 
Putting  sand,  pebbles,  &c.  into  the  urine.    ■!      quainted  with  the  chymical  composition 

(,     of  urinary  calculi. 
(  By  gluing  on  a  portion  of  a  spleen  with  f„  .  .  .     .  .  fl 

)  the  smooth  side  to  the  skin,  leaving  on  l  ■"? m'"s  ,,  „  ,?re  0e  s'sns, ■  0| 
)  the  outside  the  appearance  of  an  Slce-i  cachexta  and  by  attentive  examination 
(     rated  surface.  [     ofll>ePait- 

f  fBy  powerful  stimulants,  as  recommended 

]  By  seeming  to  be  suddenly  motionless,  the  |  under  apoplexy.  Letting  fall  a  drop  of 
•S  joints  remaining  flexible,  and  external^  bailing  water  on  the  back.  Proposing; 
I      objects  making  no  impression.  I      to  use  the  actual  cautery  and  seeing 

I.  (^     Whether  the  pu'se  rises. 

!fBy  examining  the  patient  whilst  he  may 
By  assuming  the  convulsive  motions  of  aj      imagine  himself  unobserved,  and  seeing 
part  which  characterize  chorea.  j      whether  the  convulsive  motions  go  on 

[     then. 
10    Contraction  of       )  flVL.do  of  discrimination  sometimes  so  ob- 

Joints  in  General.     < 1      scu,'e  as  lo  dece've  the  most  praciised 

>  (     and  attentive. 

")  (  Introduce  a  cord  between  the  fingers  and 

|      the  palm  of  the  hand,  and  gradually  ap- 

11.  Contraction   of     !  t     ply  weights  so  as  to  expand  the  fingers. 
the  Fingers.                f )     Confine  him  so  that  he  cannot  obtain 

I  j      his   food   without   using    his   clenched 

J  L     hand. 

1  ("When   feigned,  they  do  not   present  the 

|      rigidity  of  muscles  or  the  rapiditv  of  ac- 

12.  Convulsions.  <- ^      tion  which  characterize  the  real.    The 

I      mode  of  detection  must  be  the  same  as 
J  ^     in  epilepsy. 

Produced  by  the  application  of  a  strong 


13.    Opaque    Cornea. 


14.  Cutaneous  Diseases.  { 


n-  ?,'on^lThe  existence  of  the  opacity  can  lie  de 
inickliine,  y     tected  by  attentive  observation. 


15.  Death. 


16.  Deaf-Dumbness. 


17.  Deafness. 


acid,   by   acrid   powders 

&c. 
("Some  articles  of  diet  will  bring  on   urli-  f 
I     carta  or  vcttle  rash,  in  particular  indi-  ! 

viduals,    as    shell-fish,     bitter    almonds, 

&c.     By   ncrids,   acids,  or  any  irritants  J  B.V  careful   examination   on   the  part  of 

applied  to  the  surface.    An  ointment  of  1      practitioner  and  nurse. 

tartaiized   antimony  causes    a    painful  I 

pustular  eruption.     !~ee  Porrigo,  in  this 

list.  (_ 

ome  persons  possess  the  power  of  sus-  f  If  suspected,  the  plan,  recommended  un 

pending  or  moderating  the  action  of  the  \      der  apoplexy,  will  be  found  most  etfica- 


h.art. 


fit  may  be  assumed  or  excited  by  putting  a 
pea  In  the  eat,  or  by  inserting  irritants, 

I  so  as  to  induce  inflammation  and  tem- 
porary loss  of  function. 


(     cious 

The  really  deaf  and  dumb  acquire  an  ex-| 
pression  of  countenance  and  gestures! 
which  it  is  difficult  to  assume. 

'  Make  a  noise  when  not  expected,  and  see, 
if  the  countenance  varies  or  pulse  rises.| 
Put  to  sleep  by  opium,  and  then  fiie  a 
pistol  close  to  the  ear,  when  he  may  be 
thrown off  his  guard.  Examine  the  ear 
to  see    if  any  trick  has   been    played 

(.     there. 


FEIGNED  DISEASES 


317 


FEIGNED  DISEASES 


Diseases,  &c. 


How  Feigned. 


How  Detected. 


Id.     Debility,   siit:   Ca- 
chexia.. 


19.  Deformity. 


20.  Delivery. 


31.  Diarrhea. 


("Examine  the  part  and  its  articulation, 

<j      naked,  and  compare  it  with  the  oppo- 

L     site. 
After  enlargement  produced  artificially,  a  fCan  only  be  positively  detected  by  exami- 

sub.-id.nce  of  the  tumefaction;  the  parts        nation,  par  vaginavi     Soon  after  deft- 
being  moistened  by  borrowed  blood  and  I      very,  the  vagina  will  be  relaxed  and  the 

)      lochia!  discharge  be  flowing— in  greater 

|      abundance,  the   shorter  the   time  that 

I      may  have  elapsed  since  delivery. 

When  diarrhoea  is  feigned  by  the  lower 

classes,  inspect  the  linen;  if  clean,  the 


the  child  of  another  substituted  as  the 
female's  own. 


fering  under  the  disease  does  not  lend 
I  [     his  evacuations  to  another, 

f  May  be  feigned,  like  pregnancy,  by  wear-  f 
I      ing  pads.    Trie  anasarcous  condiiion  of  |  Can  be  detected  by  attentive  examination 


23.  Dysentery. 


24.  Epilepsy. 


j  th.  lower  limbs  lias  been  caused  by  ap-  J 

i  plying  a  ligature   round   tliem.    By  in- j 

I  Sating  the  cellular  membrane  of  the  ab-  | 

l  domen.                                                           1. 

(  May  be  feigned,  like  diarrhoea,  by  adding  ( 

)  a  little  blood  to  the  evacuations,  or  by) 

f  introducing  a  soap  or  some  more  irri-J 

'  tating  suppository. 


There  will  be  a  want  of  that  leucophleg 
matic  habit,  which  accompanies  and 
characterizes  dropsy. 


Same  rules  as  under  diarrhoea. 


f  Sensation  in  epilepsy  is  totally  abolished 
,  '     If  a»y  remain,  disease  probably  feigned. 

j  The  foaming  of  the  mouth  has  been  pro-!      inContractility  of  pupil,  which  occurs  in 

I      duced  by  keeping  a  piece  of  soap  in  it.      j     epi'e|!Sy)    caUnot    be    fei 


Jo.  Fever. 

26.  Fistula  in  Ano. 

27.  Fractures. 

28.  I1.£Matemesis. 

29.  h.emoptysi3. 

jo.  hemorrhoids. 

31.  Heart,  Diseases  of 
sec  Palpitat  on. 

32.  Hepatitis. 

33.  Hernia. 

'■4.  Hydrocele. 

:l5.  Hydrocephalus. 
36.  Hysteria. 

J7.  Insanity. 


By  various  stimulants,  as  wine,  brandy, 

pepper;  swallowing  a  small  quantity  of  I 
tobacco,  or  introducing  it  into  the  anus.  J 
Flour  or  chalk  used  to  whiten  the  tongue,  j 
Redness  of  skin,  caused  by  friction  with  | 
a  hard  brush. 


gned.     Same 

means  to  be  used  as  in  feigned  apoplexy. 

f  Thedcce.t  isgenerally  developed  by  a  day 

I      or  two's    examination.      Where  flour 

or  chalk  has  been  used  to   whiten  the 

tongue,  the  line  of  demarcation,  between 

[      tin'  whitened  part  and  the  clean,  healthy 

|      margin  of  the  tongue,  is  too  well  marked 

t     to  escape  observation. 


SBy  making  an  incision  near  the  verge  of 
the  anus,  and  introducing  into  it  an 
J  acrid  tent,  such  as  the  root  of  white  hells- 
£     bore,  &.C. 

[Generally  nothing,  here,  but  the  man's"! 
I      own  testimony.     He  complains  of  pain  I 
•>      in  the  part;  if  fracture  of  the  skull  be  J.  By  attentive  examination 
I     feigned,  he  states,  perhaps,  that  he  be-  I 
I     comes  deranged  on  tasting  liquor.  J 

(  By  drinking  the  blood  of  some  animal,  or  i 
\  using  some  coloured  liquid,  and  thens 
■      throwing  it  up.  I 

!By  secreting  bullock's  blood  for  the  pur-  ( 
"pose  of  colouring  the  saliva;  making) 
small  incisions  in  the  mouth;  using  bole  1 
armeniac  or  paint  of  vermilion.  ( 

!By  introdi  cing  bladders  of  rats  or  of  small  ) 
fish,  partly  into  the  rectum. 
The  linen  has  also  been  stained  with  bor 
rowed  blood. 


By  careful  examination. 


By  cutting  off  the  supply  of  the  fluid,  and 

careful  examination. 
Blood  from  the  lungs  is  frothy  and  light- 
i     c  loured.     Mouih  and   fauces  must  be 
I     carefully  inspected,  and  the  individual 
be  observed. 

.  The  means  are  obvious. 


f  Unless  the  person  be  a  well  educated  im 
postor,  acute  inflammation  of  the  liver 
will  be  detected  by  the  absence  of 
marks  of  strong  inflammatory  action 
Chronic  liver  disease  is,  frequency,  not 
characterized  by  well  marked  symptoms, 

j      and  hence,  when  assumed,  is  difficult  of 

[     detection. 


'"fliton™"  m!'"nCr  ^  hydr0Ce'e-    By  '""  } The  detection  is  easy. 


By  puncturing  therkin  of  the  scrotum,  and 
inflating  the  cellular  membiane. 

By  open  ng  Ibe  integuments  of  the  head, 
mar  the  vertex,  e.  g.  and  blowing  in 
air. 


Do. 


Do. 


r  Does  not  easily  resist  the  application  of 
,3  strong  sternutatories  to  the  nostrils.  At- 
(  tentive  examination  necessary. 
(The  expression  of  countenance  cannot 
I  easily  be  feigned.  Nor  can  the  affection 
;  b  ■  Kept  up  so  long  as  in  real  mental 
I  alienation.  The  individual  cannot  do 
{      so  lomr  without  food,  .-leep,  &c. 


FEIGNED  DISEASES 


318 


FEIGNED  DISEASES 


Diseases,  &c. 


How  Feigned. 


How  Detected. 


f  By  colouring  the  skin  with  an  infusion  off'ihe  eyes  cannot  be  coloured,  although 


38.  Jaundice. 


39.  Lameness. 


turmeric  or  tincture  of  rhubarb.     Clay- 
coloured  stools  produced  by  taking  daily! 
a  small  quantity  of  muriatic  acid.  High  ) 

coloured  urine  by  rhubarb  taken   iut  r-  | 
nally. 

By  keeping  the  limb  in  a  con'racied  state, 
and  resisting  any  efforts  to  move  it. 


Pin  .ke  has  ben  used  fur  ibis  purpose 
Th  ■  skin  must  be  washed  to  n  in  ive 
t  lie  col  luring  matter  if  any  exit,  and 
the  supply  of  acid  and  rhubarb  be  pre- 
vented 

{ By  (wo  persons  taking  hold  of  the  indivi- 

|  dual  and  moving  rapidly  along  with 
{      him  ;  and  when  they  Bre  lired,  having 

|      relays:      The  impostor   will    generally 

L     give  in 


JO.  Menstruation.         \  ^  s,aiMn8  th,e  c]olhes  a,ld  body  wilh  bor-  \  By  cutting  off  the  supply. 
C     rowed  blood.  I 


41.  Myopia. 
Slio:  t  sightcdness. 


12.  OrHTHALMIA. 


J,  I 

(Excited  by   a  va  iety  of  acrid  and  corro-  f 
I      sive  substances  applied  to  the  eye;   as  | 


(Present   an   open   book,    and    arply    tin? 

|      leaves  close  to  the   nose.     If  it  cannot 

.  ^      be  read  distinctly,  when  thus  placed  or 

when  glasses,  proper  for  shori -sighted 

ness  are  med,  the  disease  is  feigned. 


lime,  &c. 


13.  Oz.ena. 


14.  PALPITATION. 


■{  A  portion  of  bark  muslin,  spread  over  the<j 
cornea.  The  eyelashes  a.e  sometimes  I 
extracted,  and  caustic  applied  to  excite  | 

I     disease  in  the  palp  bra;.  |_ 

!By  impregnaiftig  a  piece  of  sponge  wi  h 
some  offensive  juices  or  oils,  mixed  will 
decay  d  cheese,  and  putting  the  imbued 
sponge  into  the  nostrils. 
(  Whit  ■  he!  ebire,  given  in  the  dose  of  10  or 
)  12  grains,  and  repeated,  will  occasion 
i  general  indisposition,  and  undue  action 
>     of  the  heart. 


I  When  ophthalmia  is  thus  exci  ed,  its  pro- 


gress is,  ordinarily,  very  rapid,  arnvinj 
at  its  height  within  a  few  hours. 


Cut  offthe  supply. 


15.  Pains. 


46.  Shaking  Palsy. 

47.  Paralysis. 


f  The  detection  is  here  often  difficult.  The 
|  nnn-exis  ence  of  p  lin  cannot  be  proved, 
\  and  great  pain  may  b  •  present  without 
!  any  appearance  externally. 
)  The  imposition  is  more  fn  quently detected 
I  by  inconsistencies  and  contradictionsin 
|  the  patient's  his  ory  of  the  case,  th  .n  in 
I.     any  other  manner. 

!May  lie  suspected,  if  the  person  be  in  an 
ordinary  sta  e  of  vigour.  Try  violent 
remedies  and  means,  recommended  un- 
der Ch  re  a 
(  Violent  remedies  arc  here  r.  quire;l.  Cold 
•  \  affusion,  actual  cautery,  electric  shocks, 
&c. 


IS.  Phthisis  Pulmona 
lis. 


10.  Polypus  Nasi. 


5'J.  Porrigo. 

Scallcd  Head. 


51.  Pregnancy. 


52.  Prolapsus  Ani. 

53.  Prolapsus  Uteri. 

54-  Pulse,  Weakness 
OR  Defect  of. 

55.  Chronic  Rheuma- 
tism. 
See  Pain. 

53.  Scrofula. 


57.  Scurvy. 


59.  Stammering. 


■ 


f  Individuals  with  long  necks  and  contract- ") 
'      ed  shoulders  have  simulated  i  hlhisis,  by  i  „ 

covering  the  chest  with   blisters,  wca-  y  Bv  attentive  examination  of  the  syrnp 
I      trices  of  issues,  &c  ;  and  by  takingdrugs,  |      loms. 
I     which  cause  paleness.  J 

By  introducing  the  testicle  of  a  young  cock  \ 

or  the  kidney  of  a  rabbit  in;o  the   nos-  ( 

tnl,  anil  retaining  ii  there  by  means  of  a  f 

sponge',  las  phi  d  to  it.  ) 

[By  applying  nitric  acid  to  the  head,  after-) 
i  protecting  the  face  with  fatly  substances;  > 
j  but  the  chronic  s;a:e  is  imitated  by  the  I 
I  use  of  depilatories  of  different  kinds  ap-  f 
i  plied  sometimes  in  patches,  so  as  to  re- | 
I     semble  the  I'orrigo  decalvans.  J 

By  wearing  pads,  and  assuming  the  long-  <  "* J.lle  «!  ^nceof  the  areola,;  Mpmw 

ing  after  particu'ar  articles  of  diet,  &c     ]     ?'  ■  ',a'' ;  .a"d'.  '  ''ec*ssary.  b*  eMB" 

1  (      nation  per  vaginam. 

f  By  a  p  irtion  of  the  intestine  of  the  ox,  in  i 
<     which  a  sponge,  filled  with  a  mixture  of > 

I,     blood  and  milk  is  placed.  ; 

I  By  a  similar  fraud.  | 

By  examining  whether  the  arteries  of  th 
two  arms  beat  alike;  and  if  a  ligatur 
be  placed  on  the  arm. 


;  By  ligatun  s  applied  to  the  corresponding 
I      arm. 


By  exciting  ulcers  below  the  angles  of  the 
jaw. 

'By  covering  the  teeth  with  wax,  and  th  n 
applying  acid,  cairo-ive  substances  to 
the  gums. 


By  examining  the  general  habit,  and  oh 
serving,    «  h  ith  ir    the    ulcerati 
glandular,  and  the  a  scrofu- 

lous character. 

By  examining  the  general  habit ;  whether 
debilitated,  cachectic,    h 
the  usual  ge 

Simulators  of  this  .:  Ily  sta  e 

thai  it  is  connate,  or  a  cribe  ii  to  a  fit 
ofapoplexy  or  severe  fev  r.  Wherethe 
organ  'ere   perfect,  and  the 

moral  evidence  of  the   previous   Ptisl 


FEIGNED  DISEASES 


319 


FENESTRAL 


Diseases,  &c. 


How  Feigned. 


How  Detected. 


58.  Stammering. 


Stricture   of  the  \ 
Ukethra.  (    ( 

Swelling  oi< 


/  euce  o:  the  infirmity  was  not  sa  isfac- 

|  lory,  the  French  authorities  used  to  con  i 

{  line  tin?  solilieis,  ami  not   supply  them 

|  u  illi  lood,  until  they  called  tor  it  with- 

I.  out  stammerin 


!F}  By  ligatures  round  the  thighs. 


.  j  By  passing  the  bougie. 

Examine  the  limbs  uncovered. 


il.  SYNCOfE. 


<i.  Tympany. 


By  using  sternutatories.  By  the  absence 
'of  some  of  the  symptoms  of  syncope. 
Examine  the  nuked  arms.  Wash  the 
face. 


Ulcer  of  the  Car.  .J 


Ulcers  of  the 
Leos,  &.C. 


65.  Bloody  Urine. 


Incontinence  of 
Urine. 


f>7.  Varicose  Veins. 


Ligatures  are  sometimes  used  to  prevent 

the  dulse  being  felt.     By  applying  lotions 

to  the  face  to  make  it  pale. 
C  Persons  have  possessed  the  power  of  sival- 
I     lowing  air,  so  as  to  distend  the  stomach. 
t     anil  simulate  tympany. 
f  By  introducing  a  tent,  imbued  with  blis-1 
I     tering  plaster,  into  the  ear,  and  repeating  | 

the  application,  until  the  tube  becomes! 

ulcerated,  and  a  discharge  of  puriform  |  R    rnrefll,  examination. 

matter  is  established.    The  fetid  smell  is  >  ^  careiui  examination. 

imitated,  by  dropping  into  the  ear  a  mix-  j 
I      tare  of  empyreuinatic  oil,  asafoetida  and  j 
I     old  cheese.    Also,  by  introducing  a  little 
L     honey  into  the  meatus.  j 

o  rosives,  or  irritants.     Sometimes  bv  f  Artificial  ulcers  have,  usually,  a  moredis- 

sion,  by  rubbing  sand  on  the  shin-        tinct    margin,   and    are    more    readilj 

•(     hone.     At  others,  they  are  pretended,  by  ■{      haled   than   others;    the    latter  being 

I     gluing  on  a  piece  of  a  spleen  or  the  skin  |     generally  indica:ive  of  an  impaired  con 

I     of  a  frog.  (.     stitution. 

frnl     r    .,    ...,    ...      „.    ,„    ,  ,.  ,  fBy  making  the  patient  pass  his  urine  in 

'the  presence  of  the  phys  cian,  and  exa 


The  fruit  of  the  Indian  Fig  (Cactus  opuntia) 
!     colours  the  urine  as  red  as  blood.    Can-i  n"ing  the  vessel  before  and  after.    By 

]     lharides  will  cause  it.    Blood  may  also]     cuWing  off  the  supply  of  any  substance, 
J^     be  procured  and  mixed  with  the  urine.      ^     wUicl)  colll(1  cause  tne  appearance. 
1  f  Difficult,  at  times,  of  detection.    Give  the 

|      person  a  full  close  of  opium,  and  intro- 

J. <J      duce  the  catheter,  when   he  is   asleep. 

|      If  there  be  urine,  the  incontinence  is 
J  (.     feigned. 

"By  a  ligature,  pi  iced  tiglrly  round    thet 

limb.    They  may  be  excited  in  this  man--?  By  examining  the  limb 
tier,  or  aeri.'  avated  if  alp'adv  e\i>tm'_r.      f  


FEE,  Bile — f.  AnguilIoe,see  Bile — f.Bnvinum, 
Bile  of  the  Ox — f.  Bovis,  see  Bile — f.  Naturae, 
Aloes — f.  Tauri,  see  Bile — f.  Ursi,  see  Bile — f. 
Vilri,  see  Vitrum. 

FELLIS  OBSTRUGTIO,  Icterus— f.  Super- 
f'usio.  Icterus — f.  Suffusio,  Icterus. 

FELON,  Paronychia. 

FELURE  DE  GLASER,  Fissure,  .rlenoid. 

FEEWORT.  Gentiana  lutea. 

FEMALE,  Fem'ina,  Gym,  (F.)  Femelle.  In 
animals,  the  one  that  engenders  and  bears  the 
young.  It  is,  also,  used  adjectively ; — as,  the 
Female  sex,  &c. 

FEMELLE,  Female. 

FEMEN,  Thifih,  Vulva. 

FEMINA.  Female. 

FEMME  EN  COUCHE,  Puerpcra. 

FEM'OKAE,  Femora' lis,  from  femur,  'the 
thigh  bone.'  Belonging  or  relating  to  the  thigh; 
as  Femoral  artery,  Femoral  hernia,  &.c.  See 
Crural. 

FEMORALIS,  Triceps  cruris. 

FKMORO-CALCAMEN  PETIT,  Plantar 
muscle — f.  Popliteal,  great,  Sciatic  nerve,  great, 
— f.  Popliti-tihial,  PopliUeus  muscle. 

FEM'ORO-TIB'IAL,  Femoro-tibia'Hs.  Belong- 
ing  to  the  femur  and  tibia.  The  Femoro- tibial 
articulation  is  the  knee-joint. 

FEMUR,  Mens,  Os  femforis.  The  thigh  bone. 
(F.)  Los  dc  la  Cuisse.  The  strongest  and 
longest  of  all  the  bones  of  the  body,  extending 
from  the  pelvis  to  the  tibia,  and  form  ins;  the 
solid  part  of  the  thigh.  The  femur  is  cylindri- 
cal, slightly  curved   anteriorly,  unsyminctrical 


and  oblique  downwards  and  inwards.  The 
body  of  the  bone  is  prismatic,  and  has,  behind, 
a  prominent  ridge:  — the  Linca  aspcra. 

r   rT  I  Head  supported  on  a  col 

TT:me,r  or    1        ,  '  '       , 

lum  or  neck. 
Great  trochanter. 
Lesser  trochanter. 

External  condyle. 
Internal  condyle. 
Evternal  tuberosity. 

Internal  tuberosity. 

The  femur  ossifies  from  five  points: — one  on 
each  process  of  the  pelvic  extremity;  one  in 
the  body  of  the  bone;  and  two  on  the  condyles. 
It  is  articulated  with  the  pelvis,  tibia,  and  pa- 
tella.    See  Thigh. 

FEMUR  COL  DU,  Collum  femoris— f.  Mo- 
ventium  septimus,  Iliacus  in  tern  U6 — f.  Moven- 
tium  sextus,  Psoas  magnus — f.  Summum. 
Vulva. 

FENESTRA.  A  Window.  (F.)  Fenetre. 
Anatomists  have  given  this  name  to  two  aper- 
tures, situate  on  the  inner  paries  of  the  cavity 
of  the  tympanum.  The  one  of  these  is  the  Fe- 
nestra oca  lis,  F.  vestibula'ris.  It  is  oval-shaped  ; 
situate  at  the  base  of  the  stapes,  and  corresponds, 
with  the  cavity  of  the  vestibule.  The  oilier  is 
the  Fenestra  rotun'da  or  F.  Coclilea'ris.  It  is 
closed  by  a  fine,  transparent  membrane,  called 
Membra! na  Tymfpani  secun'daria,  and  corre- 
sponds to  the  inner  seala  of  the  cochlea. 

Fenestra  Oculi,  Pupil. 

FENESTRAL,  Fenestra' lus,  from  fenestra, 
'  a  window.'     (F.)  Fenetre"  et  Fenestra.     Ban- 


FENESTRATUS 


320 


FERRI  PHOSPHA9 


dages,  compresses,  or  plasters  with  small  perfo- 
rations or  openings,  are  so  called.  The  openings 
prevent  the  detention  of  the  discharge. 

FENESTRATUS,  Feneslral. 

FEJYESTRH,  Fenestra). 

FEJSETRE,  Fenestra. 

FENETRE,  Fenestral. 

FENNEL,  Anethum— f.  Dogs',  Anthemis 
cotula— f.  Flower,  Nigella— f.  Hog's.  Peuceda- 
num.— f.  Sweet,  Anethum— f.  Water,  Phellan- 
drium  aquaticum. 

FEJYOUIL,  Anethum—/.  d'Eau,  Phellan- 
drium  aquaticum—/.  Marin,  Crithmum  mariti- 
rnum— -f.  de  Pore,  Peucedanum— /.  Puunt,  Ane- 
thum graveolens. 
^  FENTE,  Fissure—/.  Copillaire,see.  Pilatio— /. 
Glenoidalc,  Fissure,  glenoid—/.  Orhitaire,  Orbi- 
tar  fissure — f.  Orhitaire  infdricure,  Spheno-max- 
illary  fissure — f.Spheno-viaxi/laire,Spheno- max- 
illary fissure—/  Sphenoidale,  Sphenoidal  fissure. 

FENUGREC,  Trigonella  fcenum. 

FENUGRECK,  Trigonella  focnum. 

FER,  ferrum— /.  Chaud.  Pyrosis—/.  Hydrate 
de  tritoxide  de,  x'Etites— /  lodure  de,  see  Iodine 
— /.  Lactate  de,  Ferri  Laclas— /  Limail/e  de, 
Ferri  limatura— /.  el  de  Potassium  Protocyanure 
de,  Potassii  Ferrocyanuretum. 

FERINE,  Feri'nus,-  'savage,  brutal;'  Therio'- 
dcs.  A  term,  applied  to  any  malignant  or  nox- 
ious disease.  In  France,  it  is  used  only  when 
joined  to  Tonx;  Toux  ferine,  a  dry,  obstinate, 
and  painful  cough. 

FERMENT,  Fermen'tum,  (quasi  fervimen- 
tum,)  Zyme,  Zymo'ma,  Leven,  (F.)  he1  vain.  The 
Iatrochymists  applied  this  name  to  imaginary 
substances,  to  which  they  attributed  the  power 
of  producing  diseases,  by  exciting  a  fermenta- 
tion in  the  humours. 

FERMENTA'TION,  Fermcnta'tio,  Zymo'sis, 
JEstuu'tio,  Causis,  Erasmus.  An  intestinal 
movement,  occurring  spontaneously  in  a  liquid; 
whence  result  certain  substances,  that  did  not 
previously  exist  in  it. 

The  chemical  physicians  attributed  all  dis- 
eases to  an  imaginary  fermentation  of  the  hu- 
mours. 

Fomentation.  Putrff  a  cti  v  e,  Putrefaction 

FERjMENTUM  CEREYT3LE,  Yest. 

FERN,  FEMALE,  Asplenium  filix  fcemina, 
Pterisaquilina — f.  Male,  Poly  podium  filix  mas— 
f.  BushjComptonia  asplenifolia — f. Gale, Com p- 
tonia  asplenifolia — f.  Meadow, Comptonia  asple- 
nifolia—f.  Rock,  Adiantuin  pe datum — f.  Root, 
Polypodium  vulgare — f.  Sweet,  Adiantum  peda- 
tum.Comptonia  asplenifolia— f.Sweet, shrubby, 
Comptonia  asplenifolia. 

FERNAMBUCO  WOOD,  Ccesalpinia  echi- 
natn. 

FERRAMEN'TUM,  Side'rion,  Instrumcn'tum 
fer'reum.  Any  surgical  instrument,  made  of 
iron.  By  the  vulgar,  in  France,  the  word/er- 
remenls  means  the  instruments  used  in  difficult 
labour3. 

FERRAFvIA.  Scrophularia  aquntica. 

FERRE1N,  Canal  of,  Ductus  Ferrei'ni.  A 
triangular  channel,  which  Ferrein  supposed  to 
result  from  the  approximation  of  the  free  edires 
of  the  eyelids  applied  to  the  globe  of  the  eye- 
and  which  he  considered  adapted  for  directing 
the  tears  towards  the  puncta  lachrymalia, during 
sleep.     The  canal  is,  probably,  imaginary. 


The  same  name  is  likewise  given  to  the  cor~ 
lical  canals, — the  first  portions  of  the  urinifeious 
ducts,  whilst  still  in  the  cortical  substance  of 
the  kidney. 

Ferrein,  Pvr'amid  of,  Pyr'amis  Ferrei'ni. 
Each  of  the  papillae  of  the  kidney,  according  to 
Ferrein,  consists  of,  at  least,  700  subordinate 
cones  or  pyramids.  To  these  last,  the  name 
'pyramids  of  Fe.irein'  has  been  given. 

FERRI  ET  AMMONLE  MURIAS, Ferrum 

ammoniatum. 

Ferri  Ammonio-tartras,  Ammonia -tar  Irate 
of  Iran.  This  salt  is  best  made  by  dissolving 
to  saturation  freshly  precipitated  hydrated  oxide 
of  iron  in  a  solution  of  bitartrate  of  ammonia, 
and  evaporating  to  dryness.  It  is  very  soluble, 
the  dose  is  five  grains  or  more  in  pill  or  solution. 

Feuri  Arsenias,  Arseniate  of  Iron — f.  Bro- 
midum,  see  Bromine — f.  Nitratis  Liquor,  see 
Tinctura  Ferri  muriatis — f.  Sesquinitratis  Li- 
quor, see  Tinctura  Ferri  muriatis — f.  Borussias, 
Prussian  blue— f.  Carbonas,  F.  subcaibonas— f. 
Carbonatum,  Graphites — f.  Carburetum,  Gra- 
phites. 

Peuri  Citras,  Citrate  of  Iron.  Two  citrates 
of  iron  have  been  prepared  of  late — the  Sesqui- 
Citrale  or  Citrate  of  the  sesquioxide ,-  and  the 
Citrate  of  the  protoxide.  They  resemble,  in 
their  medical  properties,  the  tartrate  and  the 
lactate  of  the  metal. 

Ferri  Cyanuretum,  Prussian  blue — f.  Deu- 
tocarbonas  fuscus,  F.  subcaibonas — f.  Deutoxy- 
dum  nigrum,  ^Ethiops  martial — f.  Ferrocyanas, 
Prussian  blue — f.  Hydrocyanas,  Prussian  blue 
— f.  Hypercarburetum,  Graphites. 

Ferri  Io'didum,  Iodide  of  Iron,  (lodin.  §ij, 
Ferri  rament.  §j,  Aq.  destiUat.  Oiss.)  Mix  the 
iodine  with  a  pint  of  the  distilled  water  in  a 
porcelain  or  glass  vessel,  and  gradually  add  the 
iron  filings,  stirring  constantly.  Heat  the  mix- 
ture gently  until  the  liquid  acquires  a  light 
greenish  colour:  then  filler,  and  after  the  liquid 
has  passed,  pour  upon  the  filter  half  a  pint  of 
the  distilled  water,  boiling  hot.  When  this  has 
passed,  evaporate  the  filtered  liquor,  at  a  tem- 
perature not  exceeding  212D,  in  an  iron  vessel 
to  dryness:  keep  the  dry  iodide  in  a  closely 
stopped  bottle.     (Ph.  U.  S.)     See,  also.  Iodine. 

Ferri  Lactas,  Lactate  of  Iron,  Lactate  of 
Protoxide  of  Iron,  (F.)  Lactate  de  Fer.  Prepared 
by  digesting  in  a  sand  bath,  at  a  low  tempera- 
ture, lactic  acid  diluted  with  iron  filings.  It  is 
employed  in  the  same  cases  as  the  precipitated 
subcarbonate  of  iron,  and  especially  in  chloro- 
sis. Twelve  grains  of  the  lactate  may  be  given 
in  the  24  hours,  in  the  form  of  lozenges. 

Ferri  Limatu'ra  Purifica'ta,  Purified  Iron 
Filings: — purified  by  means  of  the  magnet,  for 
internal  use.  The  filings  are,  also,  called  Ferri 
Scobs,  F.  Rumcn'la  et  Pi/a,  Mortis  Limatu'ra, 
Spec'ulatn  In'dicum,  Ferri  in  pulverem  resolu'tio, 
(F.)  Limaille  de  Fer.  They  are  considered  to 
possess  the  general  properties  of  iron  :— the  iron 
becoming  oxidized. 

Ferri  Oxidum  Fuscum,  F.  subcarbonas— f. 
Oxidum  Nigrum, Oxydum  ferri  nigrum — f.  Oxi- 
dum  rubrum,  Colcothar — f.  Oxidum  hydratum, 
Ferrum  et  Oxydum  hydratum— f.  Pila,  F.  lima- 
tura— f.et  Potass®  tartras,  Ferrum  tartarizatum. 
F  ftR  it  i  Piiosr-HAs,  Phosphate  of  Iron,  Ferri 
Sulpha/,  ^v,  SodsB  Phosphat.  gvj,  Aqux,  cong. 
Dissolve  the  sulphate  of  iron  and  phosphate  of 


FERRI  PROTOCARBONAS 


221  FERRUM  OXYDULATUM,  &c. 


soda,  severally  in  four  pints  of  the  water;  then 
mix  the  solutions,  and  set  the  mixture  by,  that 
the  powder  may  subside;  lastly,  having  poured 
otT  tlie  supernatant  liquor,  wash  the  phosphate 
of  iron  with  water,  and  dry  it  with  a  gentle  beat. 
— (Ph.  U.  S.)  Dose,  5  to  10  grains'as  a  chaly- 
beate.    Rarely  used. 

Ferri  Protocarbonas,  Protocarbonate  of 
Iron.  The  protocarbonate  of  iron,  thrown  down 
from  a  solution  of  the  sulphate  of  iron  by  the 
carbonate  of  soda,  readily  attracts  oxygen  and 
becomes  converted  into  the  sesquioxide.  To 
prevent  this,  it  may  be  associated  with  honey 
and  sugar,  and  the  mixture  be  reduced  by  eva- 
poration to  a  pilular  consistence.  The  mass 
constitutes  the  Ferruginous  Pills — Pilules  fer- 
rvgineuses,  of  Vallet—  Vallet's  Pills.  See  Pilulac 
Ferri  Carbonatis. 

The  protocarbonate  is  given  in  the  same  dis- 
eases as  the  lactate  of  iron.  Tenor  fifteen  grains 
in  the  course  of  the  twenty-four  hours. 

Ferri  Protosulphas  Viridis,  F.  sulphas — f. 
Prussias,  Prussian  blue. 

Ferri  et  Quinine  Cithas,  Citrate  of  Iron  and 
Quinia,  formed  by  the  union  of  four  parts  of  ci- 
trate of  iron  and  one  part  of  citrate  of  quinia, 
has  been  prescribed  in  cases  where  a  combina- 
tion of  these  tonics  is  indicated. 

Fkrri  Ramenta,  F.  limatura — f.  Rubigo,  F. 
subcarbonas— f.  Scobs,  F.  limatura — f.  Sesqui- 
oxidum,  F.  subcarbonas  prrecipitatus 


Tartarum, Fertum  tartarizatum — f.Triloxydum, 
Colcothar. 

FERR1CUS  HYDRAS,  Ferrum  oxydum  hy- 
dratum. 

FERRUGINEUS,  Chalybeate.  ' 

FERRUGINOSUS,  Chalybeate. 

FERRUGO,  Ferri  subcarbonas,  Ferrum  oxy- 
datum  hvdratum. 

FERRUM,  Mars,  Side'ros,  Iron,  (F.)  Fer. 
A  metal  of  a  bluish-gray  colour;  fibrous  tex- 
ture; brilliant  and  fine-grained  fracture.  Spe- 
cific gravity  7.G00  to  7.800:  hard,  ductile,  mal- 
leable", and"  magnetic.  The  medicinal  virtues 
of  iron  are  tonic;  producing  fetid  eructations, 
when  it  takes  effect,  owing  to  its  meeting  with 
acid  in  the  stomach,  which  oxidizes  it,  and 
causes  the  evolution  of  hydrogen  gas.  When 
given  in  the  metallic  state,  the  tilings  are  chiefly 
used:  but  the  oxides  and  salts  are  most  com- 
monly employed. 

Ferrum  Ammonia'tuh,  Mu'rias  Ammo' nix 
et  Ferri,  Florcs  martia'ks,  Flares  salts  ammoni'- 
aci  martia'ks,  Ens  Martis,  Ens  Ven'eris  Boylei, 
Sal  Martis  mwriat'icum  subRma'tutn,  Sal  ammo- 
ni'acum  martia'JB,  Jimmo'nium  muriat'icwm  mar- 
tia'tum  sen  martin' le,  Arofh  Paracel'si,  Calen'- 
dulx  minera'les,  Ferrum  ammoniacall,  Ammo- 
niated  Iron.  (F.)  Muriate  d'ammoniaque  et  de 
fer.  A  submuriate  of  ammonia  with  red  mu- 
riate of  iron.  (Ferri  Subcarb.  giij;  arid  mvriat, 
f.  ^x;  amnion,  muriat.  lbijss;  uq.  destillut.  Oiv. 


,  Mix  the  subcarbonate  with  the  acid  in  a  glass 
Ferri  Subcar'bonas,  F.  CaYbonas,  Ferrum  ve8Se]  and  diirest  for  two  hours;  then  add  the 
xcipita'lum,  Chal'ybis  Rubi' gopraepara  ta,Fern    muri.lle)  previously  dissolved  in  distilled  water, 


prxc     . 

Rubigo.  (The  last  two  terms,  as  well-as  Ferru' 
(ro,  are  applied  to  the  subcarbonate  or  rust, 
formed  by  the  action  of  moist  air  on  metallic 
iron.)  A  protoxide  of  iron,  oxidized  by  the  de- 
composition of  water  ;  the  carbonic  acid  being 
attracted  from  the  air.  Dose,  gr.  v  to  %ss  and 
more. 

The  FerriSubcarbonaB  maybe  precipitated  from 
sulphate  of  iron  by  carbonate  of  soda.  The  fol- 
lowing is  the  formula  of  the  Pharmacopoeia  of 
the  United  States:— Ferri  svlp'h.  sjviij;  sodae 
carl),  ^ix;  aqux  bullient.  cong.  Dissolve  the 
sulphate  of  iron  and  carbonate  of  soda  severally 
in  four  pints  of  the  water,  then  mix  the  solu- 
tions, and  having  stirred  the  mixture,  set  it  by 
that  the  powder  may  subside;  having  poured 
off  the  liquor  wash  the  subcarbonate  with  hot 
water,  wrap  ii  in  bibulous  paper,  and  dry  with 
a  gentle  heat.  It  is,  also,  called  Ferri  sesqui- 
oxidant,  Ox'idum  ferri  fuscum,  Deuto-car  bonus 
Ferri  fuscus,  Crocus  martis  ape'riens,  (F.)  Saf- 
ran  dc  Mars  aperitif. 

Ferri  Sulphas,  Sal  Mar/is,  Vitriolum  Mar- 
tis, Vitriotum  Ferri,  Ferrum  Vitriola'tum,  Sul- 
phas vol  Protosulphas  Ferri  vir'itlis,  Calcadi'- 
num,  Caveator,  Cafcotar,  Chalcan'thum,  Calcite'a, 
.qtramen'tnm  suto'rium,  V/t'riol,  Vitriolum  vi- 
ridS,  An'ima  Hep'atis,  Sulphate  of  Iron,  Green 
Vitriol,  Copperas  The  Pharmacopoeia  of  the 
United  States  directs  it  to  be  made  by  the  action 
of  sulphuric  acid  §xviij,  on  Iron  wire,  cut  in 
pieces, !|xij — water, a  gallon — evaporating, crys- 
tallizing, and  drying  the  crystals  on  bibulous 
paper.  "This  salt  is  inodorous,  and  of  a  strong 
styptic  taste.  The  crystals  are  light  green, 
transparent,  rhomboidal;  and  soluble  in  two 
parts  of  water.  It  is  tonic  and  anthelmintic. 
Dose,  gr.  j  to  vj  and  morn. 
Ferri  Sulphas  Calcinatum,  Colcothar — f. 


and  having  filtered  the  liquor,  evaporate  to  dry- 
ness. Rub  to  powder.— (Ph.  U.S. J)  Dose,gr. 
iij.  to  gr.  xv. 

Ferrum  Ammoniacale,  F.  ammoniatum — f. 
liorussicum,  Prussian  blue — f.  Cyanogenatum, 
Prussian  blue — f.  Haematites,  Haematites. 

Ferrum  Oxyda'tum  Hydra'tum,  Ferri  Ox- 
idum  Hydra' turn  (Ph.  U.  S  ),  Ferrugo,  Hydras 
Fer'ricus,  Hydro-oxide  of  Iron,  Hydrated  Oxide 
of  Iron,  Hydrated  peroxide  of  Iron,  Hydrated 
Tritoxide  of  Iron.  It  may  be  prepared  by  taking 
a  solution  of  sulphate  of  iron,  increasing  its  dose 
of  oxygen  by  heating  it  with  nitric  acid,  and 
precipitating  the  oxide  by  adding  pure  ammo- 
nia in  excess,  washing  the  precipitate  and  keep- 
ing it  moist. 

The  following  is  the  formula  adopted  by  the 
Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States,  (1842,) 
Ferri  Sufph.%W;  acid,  sulphuric,  f.  giiiss;  Liq. 
ammonias  q.  's  ,  aqux  Oij.  Dissolve  the  sul- 
phate of  iron  in  the  water,  and  hiving  added 
the  sulphuric  acid,  boil  the  solution:  then  add 
the  nitric  acid  in  small  portions,  boiling  the 
liquid  for  a  minute  or  two  after  each  addition, 
until  the  acid  ceases  to  produce  a  dark  colour. 
Filter  the  liquid,  allow  it  to  cool,  and  add  the 
liquor  ammonia?  in  excess,  stirring  the  mixture 
briskly,  wash  the  precipitate  with  water,  until 
the  washings  cease  to  yield  a  precipitate  with 
chloride  of  barium,  and  keep  it  close  in  bottles 
with  water  sufficient  to  cover  it. 

It  has  been  brought  forward,  of  late,  as  an 
antidote  to  arsenic;  and  many  cases  of  its  effi- 
cacy have  been  published 

From   10  to  20  parts  of  the  hydrated  oxide 
would  seem  to  be  more  than  sufficient  to  con- 
vert 1  part  of  arsenious  acid  into  the  basic  salt 
of  iron. 
Ferrum  Ox  yd  u  latum  IIydrocyamcum, 


FERRUM  TARTARIZATUM 


FEVER,  ADENO-MENINGEAL 


Prussian  blue— f.  Polabile,  F.  tartarizatum— f. 
Prsecipitatum,  Ferri  subcarbonis. 

Ferrum  Taetariza'tum,  Tartras  Potas'sse 
et  Ferri,  Ta/tarum  Ferri,  Ftrri  et  Potassse  Tar- 
trus,  Tur'tarus  ehalybea'tus,  Mars  sola' bills,  Tar- 
tras kal'icofer'ricus,  C/talybs  tartaiiza'lus,  Tar- 
tarus martiaHis,  Tartras  Potas'sse  ferrugino'sus, 
Ferrum  potab'ile,  Globus  murtia'lis,  (F.)  Boult 
de  Mars,  Boule  tie  Nancy,  B.  de.  Molsheim,  B. 
d'Acie.r.  Gloi/uli  Tar'tari  martia'les  seu  martial- 
les  solu'li  seu  martia'ti  seu  tar' Ir  at  is  ferri  ct 
lixic'isr,  BiiV.  Marl  is,  Pyri  ntinlia'les,  Tarttnized 
Iron,  'Tartrate  of  Potass  and  Iron,  (Ferri  sub- 
c«ri.  giij,  Acid,  muriat.  f.  §x ;  Liquor  Potassse, 
Ovss;  Potass. Bitart.  ^  vijss,  Aqua',  destillat,  cong. 
iss.  Mix  the  subcarbonate  of  iron  and  tbe  mu- 
riatic acid,  and  digest  for  two  hours;  pour  the 
solution  into  a  gallon  of  tbe  distilled  water;  set 
aside  for  an  hour,  and  pour  oft'  the  supernatant 
liquor.  To  this  add  the  liquor  potassse;  wash 
the  precipitate  formed  frequently  with  water, 
and  while  yet  moist,  mix  it  with  the  bitartrate 
of  potassa  and  half  a  gallon  of  the  distilled  wa- 
ter. Keep  the  mixture  at  the  temperature  of 
]4()~>  for  30  hours,  frequently  stirring;  filter 
the  solution,  and  evaporate  by  means  of  a  wa- 
ter bath,  at  the  same  temperature,  to  dryness. — 
(Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is  one  of  the  mildest  of  the  salts 
of  iron,  and  not  unpalatable.  Dose,  gr.  x.  to 
3SS- 

The  Tinclu'ra  Mortis  Jlperili'va,  Tincture  of 
Ludwig;  AL'cohol  cant  Sulphate"  Ferri  tartarisd- 
tas;  Tinctura  Mortis  Glauberi  is,  essentially,  an 
aqueous  solution  of  this  salt.  It  is  also  called 
Eau  de  Boule,  and  is  used  in  contusions. 

Hehetius's  Styptic  was  composed  of  the  filings 
of  iron  and  tartar,  mixed  to  a  proper  consistence 
with  French  brandy.  It  was  called  in  England 
Eaton's  Styptic;  but  this  is  now  formed  of  Sul- 
phate of  lion. 

Fkrrum  ViTRior.ATUM, Ferri  sulphas — f.  Vil- 
riolatum  ustum,  Colcothar — f.  Zooticum,  Prus- 
sian blue. 

FKR'ULA,  Fanon,  Palette,   Splint— f.   Afri- 
cans, Bubon  galbanuni— f  Asaleetida,  see  Asa- 
foetida— f  Persica,  see  Sacrapenum. 
F  ESSES,  Nates. 

FESSlER,G\uica]—f.  Grand,G\u\iens  maxi- 
mus—f  Mo  yen,  Gluteus  medius— /.  Petit,  Glu- 
teus minimus. 

FliTUS,  Feet  us. 
,  FEU  JCTUEL,  Cauteriom— -f.  Persique, 
Herpes  zoster,  see  Anthrax—/.  Potential,  see 
Cauterium— /  Sucre,  Erysipelas-^/"  St.Antoine, 
Erysipelas—/.  Sauvage,  Ignis  sylvaticus— /.  Yo- 
lage,  Iirnis  sylvaticus 

FEUXDE  DENTS,  Strophulus—/.  Vohtges, 
Porrijro  larvalis. 

FkVE,  Vicia  faba— /.  dc  Car'hatrene,  Habilla 
de  Carthagena— -f.  a  Cochon,  Ilyoscyamus— /. 
Mpaisse,  Sedum  telephium— /.  ties  Marais,  Vicia 
faba—/.  de  Sainte  Ignace,  Ignatki  amara— /. 
Panjrtttif,  Ricihus  communis. 

FEVER,  Felnis,  from  fervor,  'heat,'  or  from 
februo,  'I  purify:'  Fyr,  Pyr'etos,  nvqtroq,  (F.) 
Fievre.  One  of  the  most  frequent  and  danger- 
ous affections  to  which  the  body  is  liable."  A 
person  has  an  attack  of  fever,  when  he  is  affected 
with  rigors,  followed  by  increased  heat  of  skin 
quick  pulse,  languor,  and  lassitude.  Ricrors. 
increased  heat,  and  frequency  of  pulse  have  each 
been  assumed  as  the  essential  character  of  fevet. 
It  is  not  characterized,  however,  by  any  one,  but  de- 


pends upon  the  coexistence  of  many  symptoms. 
Fevers  have  been  usually  divided  into  idiopathic, 
or  essential,  and  into  symptomatic.     Tbe  idiopa- 
thic arise  without  any  obvious  local  cause.    The 
symptomatic  are  dependent  upon   local  irrita- 
tion.    Idiopathic   fevers   may    be   divided   into 
three  classes:  1.  Those  attended  with  distinct 
paroxysms: — intermittents.     2.  Remittent  and 
continued  fevers:  and,  3.  Fevers,  complicated 
with  eruptions,  or  the  exanthematous.    These 
divisions  admit  of  great  variety,  owing  to  cli- 
mate, season,  soil,  age,  &c.     All  ages  and  cli- 
mates are  liable  to  fever;  and  its  exciting  causes 
are  very  numerous.     These  causes  may  be  com- 
mon; as  irritations  in  the  intestines;  external 
injuries,   stimulants,    &c. ;    or    they    may    be 
specific;    as    miasmata,   contagion,   &c.      The 
greatest  diversity  has  prevailed  regarding  the 
theory  of  fever.      Its   primary   seat   has   been 
placed   in  the  brain,  mucous  membrane  of  the 
stomach  and  intestines,  skin,  nerves,  blood-ves- 
sels, liver,  vena  cava,  pancreas,  Ac.     It  would 
seem,  however,  that   although,  in    fever,  the 
whole  of  the  functions  are  morbidly  impressed, 
the  arguments  in  favour  of  the  impression  be- 
ing first  made  on  the  nervous  system  and  the 
capillary  system  of  vessels   are  the  strongest. 
The  exciting  cause  of  fever,  whatever  it  may 
be,  produces  an  irregular  action  of  the  capillary 
system,  which  is  soon  conveyed  to  the  rest  of 
the    system,   owing    to    the   extensive   sympa- 
thy  which  exists   between  every   part  of  the 
body;  and   it  is  probable,  that  all  those  local 
inflammations    and    congestions   are    the  con- 
sequence, rather  than  the  cause,  of  this  disor- 
dered  condition  of  the   system.     The  general 
character   of  fever    is    clearly    shown   by  ex- 
amination of  the  blood.     When  fever  is  devoid 
of  inflammatory  complication,  the  quantity  of 
fibrin  is  in  no  case  augmented.     It  frequently 
remains  in  the  healthy  proportion,  and  at  times 
diminishes  to  an  extent  not  met  with  in  any 
other  acute  disease.    The  alteration  of  the  blood 
in  fevers,  which  consists   generally  in  a  dimi- 
nution of  the  fibrinous  element,  is  the  reverse 
of  what  occurs  in  inflammation. 

Many  phenomena  of  fever  are  influenced  by 
that  periodicity,  which  we  notice  in  the  execu- 
tion of  several  of  the  functions  of  the  body.  The 
types  of  intermittents  are  strong  evidences  of 
such  an  influence. 

In  the  treatment  of  fever,  it  is  important,  1. 
To  bear  in  mind  its  tendency,  particularly  in 
the  case  of  the  exanthemata,  to  run  a  definite 
course,  and  terminate  in  restoration  to  health. 
2  The  disposition  to  local  determination  or  hy- 
peremia::— the  most  frequent  cause  of  the  fatal 
termination  of  fever;  a  circumstance  requiring 
the  vigilant  attention  of  the  physician.  3.  That 
the  symptoms  must  be  attentively  studied,  in 
'>rder  to  deduce,  as  far  as  possible  from  them, 
the  indications  of  cure.  Easily,  attention  must 
be  paid  to  the  prevalent  epidemic.  There  are 
particular  seasons  in  which  fevers  are  very  ma- 
lignant; and  otheis  in  which  they  are  as  mild; 
circumstances  which  necessarily  have  an  effect 
upon  the  treatment. 

Fever,  A de'no-Meni not/at.,  Febris  adi'no- 
meningea,  Febris  mesentcr'ica  (Baolivi,)  i.lur- 
bus  muc.o'sus,  Febris  mvco'sa;  Pitu'itous  Fiver, 
Cut.tir' rlial  Fever,  Contin'ued  Lymphal'ii  Fever, 
Phlegmaj/yra,  Phlegmopyra,  Plilegmntopyra, 
Gaslro- Bronchi' lis.     Fever,  accompanied   with 


FEVER,  ANOMALOUS 


323 


FEVER,  GASTRO-ATAXIC 


considerable  mucous  secretion;  especially  from 
tin*  digestive  tube. 

Fever,  Anom'alous,  Febris  anom'alus,  F 
crrai'ini,  F.  hregulu'ris,  F.  voga.  A  lever,  whose 
progress  and  type  are  irregular. 

Fever,  Aphon'ic,  Febris  aplw'nica.  A  va- 
riety of  intermittent,  in  which  the  voice  is  lost 
during  the  paroxysm. 

Fever,  Apoplf.c'tic,  Febris  apnplec'tica, 
Com'ato8e  Fever,  Febris  comato'des,  F.  Ltlhar1- 
eiut,  F.  soporo'sa.  An  intermittent  or  continued 
lever,  attended  with  apoplectic  symptoms. 

Fever,  Ahtikic"ial,  Febris  artijicia'lis,  Fe- 
bris arts  promo' la.  Fever  produced  designedly 
by  the  internal  or  external  use  of  stimulants. 

Fever,  Articular,  Eruptive,  Dengue — f. 
Articular,  rheumatic,  Dengue. 

Fever,  Asthen'ic,  Febris  asthen'ica.  Fever, 
accompanied  with  debility.  Jt  may  include 
every  variety  of  fever  under  certain  circum- 
stances, but  is  generally  appropriated  to  ty- 
phus. 

Feveb,  Asthmat'ic,  Febris  asthmot'ica.  A 
pernicious  intermittent,  accompanied  with 
symptoms  of  asthma. 

Fkver,  Ataxo-adynam'ic;  Febris  atax'o-ady- 
tiam'ica.  Fever  characterized  by  symptoms  of 
ataxia  and  adynamia. 

Fever,  Barcelona,  Fever,  yellow — f.  Bas- 
tard, Illegitimate  fever. 

Feveb,  Bilious,  Febris  biliu'sa,  F. puhjchol'ica, 
Sijn'ochus  bilio'sus,  F.  aso'des,  F.  choter'ica,  F 
gas' trica,  F.  hepaifica,  Cholep'yra,  Febris  chole'- 
pyret'ica.  The  common  remittent  fever  of  sum- 
mer and  autumn;  generally  supposed  to  be  ow- 
ing to,  or  connected  with,  derangement  of  the 
biliary  system. 

Fever,  Bilious  Remitting,  Yellow,  Fever, 
yellow — f.  Bladdery,  Pemphigus — f.  Bouquet, 
Dentrue — f.  Brain,  F.  cerebral,  Phrenitis — f. 
Bucket,  Dengue — f.  Bulam,  Fever,  yellow — f. 
Camp.  Typhus  gravior. 

Fever,  Cardial'gic,  Febris  caidial'gica.  A 
variety  of  pernicious  intermittent,  accompanied 
with  violent  cardialgia  during  the  paroxysm. 

Fever,  Cardit;c  Intermittent  fever,  ac- 
companied with  pain  at  the  heart. 

Fever,  Catarrhal,  F.  adeno-meningeal. 

Fever,  Cephalal'gic,  Febris  cephalalgica. 
A  pernicious  intermittent,  accompanied  with 
intense  pain  of  the  head  Also,  intermittent 
cephalalgia. 

Fever,  Cer'ebral,  Brain  fever.  Fever,  ge- 
nerally of  an  ataxic  character,  in  which  the 
brain  is  considerably  affected. 

Fever,  Childbed,  Fever,  puerperal,  Puer- 
peral fever — f.  Childbed,  Low,  see  Peritonitis. 

Fever,  Choi/epic,  Febris  choler'ica.  A  va- 
riety of  pernicious  intermittent,  accompanied 
with  symptoms  of  cholera  morbus. 

Feveb,  Choleric,  of  Infants,  Cholera  in- 
fantum. 

Fever,  Chronic,  Febris  chron'ica.  Some 
authors  apply  this  name  to  protracted  fevers; 
others  to  hectic  fever. 

Fever,  Colliquative,  Febris  tab'ida,  Febris 
colliquati'va.  Fever,  characterized  by  rapid 
emaciation,  copious  evacuations,  and  rapid  pros- 
tration ol  strength. 

Fever,  Comatose,  F.  apoplectic — f.  Con 
tiuent,  see  Continent — f.  Continued,  common, 
Synochus, 

Fevek,  Conges'tivf.,  Febris  congesti'ta.    Fe- 


ver accompanied  by  obscure  symptoms;  or  by 
great  oppression  and  depression;  in  which  it  is 
difficult — and  often  impossible — to  induce  reac- 
tion. Congestive  fevers  occur  in  various  parts 
of  this  country,  especially  in  the  fall;  and  they 
are  very  common  in  India. 

Fever.  Continent,  see  Continued  fever — f. 
Continual,  see  Continued  fever. 

Fever.  Convul'sive,  Febris  ennvu/si'va.  A 
pernicious  intermittent,  accompanied  by  con- 
vulsions. 

Fever,  Delir'ious,  Febris  cvm  dclir'io,  (F.) 
Fievre  delirante,  A  pernicious  intermittent, 
characterized  by  delirium  in  the  paroxysms. 

Fever,  Def'uratory,  Febris  depuratu'ria.  A 
fever,  to  which  was  attributed  the  property  of 
purifying  the  blood;  or  which  indicated,  that 
such  a  supposed  depuration  had  occurred 

Fever,  Diapiioret'ic,  Febris  diaphoret'ica, 
Febris  sudeito'ria.  A  pernicious  intermittent, 
with  excessive  sweating  during  the  fit. 

Fever,  Diges'tivf.  The  chilliness,  followed 
by  increased  heat  and  quickness  of  pulse,  which 
frequently  accompanies  digestion. 

Fever,  Double,  (F.)  Fievre  duitblc  on  doublee. 
An  intermittent,  which  has  two  paroxysms  in  a 
given  time,  instead  of  one. 

Fever,  Double-Quartan.  A  fever,  whose 
paroxysms  occur  two  days  in  succession,  and 
fail  the  third  day:  the  first  paroxysm  resembling 
the  4th;  and  the  second  the  5th. 

Fever,  Double-Quotidian.  An  intermit- 
tent, whose  paroxysms  return  twice  every  day 
at  corresponding  hours. 

Fever,  Double-Tertian.  An  intermittent, 
whose  paroxysms  return  everyday;  the  first 
corresponding  with  the  3d,  the  second  with  the 
4th,  and  so  on. 

Fever,  Duodec"iimane,  Febris  dundecimana. 
A  supposititious  intermittent,  whose  paroxysms 
recur  on  the  12th  day,  or  every  11  days. 

Feveh,  Epilep'tic,  Febris  epi/ep'tica.  A  va- 
riety of  pernicious  intermittent,  accompanied 
with  attacks  of  epilepsy. 

Fever,  Erot'ic,  Febris  erot'ica,  (F.)  Fievre 
aVamovr.  A  chronic  fever,  occasioned  by  un- 
propitious  love. 

Fever,  Errat'ic,  Febris  errat'ica.  An  in- 
termittent, the  recurrence  of  whose  paroxysms 
is  irregular. 

Fever,  Eruptive,  Exanthematica — f.  Erup- 
tive articular,  Dengue. 

Fever,  Gan'grf.nous,  Febris  gtingrxnu'dcs. 
Fever,  accompanied  by  gangrene  of  various 
parts,  and  especially  of  the  limbs  and  genitals. 
Senac  describes  an  intermittent  of  this  kind. 

Fever,  Gasi  rai/gic  An  intermittent  ac- 
companied with  acute  burning  tearing  pain  at 
the  stomach. 

Fever,  Gastric  Febris  gas'trica,  Stoma ch'ic 
fever,  Sijn'ochus  BUio'sa.  A  name,  given  by 
some  to  bilious  fever,  which  has  appeared  to 
them  to  be  dependent  on- an  affection  of  the 
stomach.  Also,  called  Men  in' go-  gastric  fever j 
Harvest  fever,  (F.)  Fievre  <le  la  Moisson. 

Fever,  Gastro-Adynaih'ic,  Febris  gastro- 
adynam! ica.  A  fever,  in  which  the  symptoms 
of  bilious  fever  are  joined  with  those  of  adyna- 
mic fever. 

Fever,  Gastro-Angiotf.n'ic  A  fever,  in 
which  the  symptoms  of  the  bilious  are  united 
with  those  of  the  inflammatory  fever. 

Fever,  Gastro-Ataxic     A  fever,  in  which 


FEVER,  GIBRALTAR 


324 


FEVER,  QUINTAN 


the  symptoms  of  bilious  fever  are  united  with 
those  of  ataxic  fever. 

Fever,  Gibraltar,  Fever,  yellow— f.  Har- 
vest, F.  Gastric. 

Fever,  H^emop'toic,  Febris  hmmopto'ica.  A 
variety  of  masked  intermittent,  in  which  peri- 
odical haemoptysis  is  the  chief  symptom. 

Fever,  Hay,  Caiarr'kus  as'ti'vus,  Summer 
Catarrh,  Hay  Asthma,  Rose  Catarrh,  Summer 
Bronchi' f is.  A  catarrh  to  which  certain  persons 
are  subject  in  summer,  and  which  has  been  as- 
cribed in  England  to  the  effluvium  of  hay,  but 
this  is  not  the  probable  cause.  It  is  a  catarrh 
with  sneezing,  headache,  weeping,  snuffling 
and  cough,  with,  at  times,  fever  and  general 
discomfort.  It  is  not  uncommon  in  this  coun- 
try. It  disappears  spontaneously, — to  recur  on 
subsequent  years  about  the  same  period. 

Fever,  Hebdom'adal.  A  supposititious  fe- 
ver, whose  paroxysms  return  weekly,  and  on 
the  same  day. 

Fever, Hectic,  see  Consumption,  and  Hectic 
Fever. 

Fever,  Hepatic  or  Hepatal'gic.  A  per- 
nicious intermittent,  with  violent  pain  in  the 
right  hypochondrium. 

Fever,  Hill.  A  modification  of  remittent, 
occurring  in  the  hilly  districts  of  India. 

Fever,  Hospital,  Typhus  gravior. 

Fever,  Hu'moral,  Febris  humoru'lis.  Fever, 
in  which  an  alteration  or  deterioration  of  the 
humours  is  suspected. 

Fever,  Hun'gary,  Febris  Hun gar'ica,  Mor- 
bus Ungar'icus,  Cephalon'osus,  (F.)  Fievre  Hon- 
groisc  ou  de  Hongrie.  An  endemic  typhus, 
common  amongst  the  soldiers  in  barracks,  in 
Hungary. 

Fever,  Hydrophobic,  Febris  hydrophob'ica. 
Pernicious  intermittent  with  dread  of  liquids. 

Fever  Hyster'ic,  Febris  hysterica.  Hys- 
teria, accompanied  by  fever.  Hysteria,  occur- 
ring with  each  paroxysm  of  intermittent. 

Fever,  Icter'ic,  Febris  icter'ica.  Fever,  ac- 
companied by  jaundice.  Some  intermittents 
exhibit  this  complication  at  each  paroxysm. 

Fever  Infantile,  Remittent,  Febris  infan- 
tum remiftens.  A  fever  occurring  in  childhood, 
which  often  assumes  many  of  the  characters 
of  hydrocephalus.  It  appears  generally  to  be 
dependent  upon  a  morbid  condftion  of  the  sto- 
mach and  bowels. 

Fever,  ItfFLAMMATORr.Synocha—f.  Intermit- 
tent, see  Intermittent  fever. 

Fever  Jnsid'ious.  Fever,  which,  at  first, 
seems  devoid  of  danger,  but  subsequently  be- 
comes of  a  more  or  less  malignant  character. 

Fever,  Jail,  Typhus  gravior  — f.  Jungle, 
see  Jungle  fever. 

Fever,  Lo'chial,  Febris  lochia' lis.  That  ac- 
celeration of  the  circulation  which  sometimes 
occurs  during  the  discharge  of  the  lochia. 

Fever  Lymphatic,  Continued,  F.  adeno- 
meningeal. 

Fever  Malignant,  Febris  malig'na.  Fever 
which  makes  its  approaches  insidiously,  and 
subsequently  becomes  formidable.  Any  fever 
which  exhibits  a  very  dangerous  aspect. 

Fever,  Malignant.  Typhus  gravior — f.  Ma- 
lignant, pestilential,  Fever,  yellow — f.  Marsh, 
Elodes,  (febris.) 

Fever,  Masked,  Febris  larva' tu,  (F.)  Fihvrt 
larvi'e,  Bead  Ague,  Dumb  Ague.      Anomalous 


intermittent,  the  paroxysms  of  which  have  not 
the  regular  stages. 

Fever  Meningo-gastric,  Fever  gastric. 
Fever  Mesenteric,  Febris  mesen/er'ica.    A 
name  given,  by  Baglivi,  to  a  species  of  fever 
which  appears  to  have  belonged  either  to  the 
mucous  or  bilious. 

Fever  Milk,  Febris  lac'tea,  (F.)  Fievre  de 
lait  ou  laitcuse,  F.  Lactce;  Galactop'yra.  The 
fever,  which  precedes  or  accompanies  the  se- 
cretion of  milk  in  women  recently  delivered. 
It  comes  on  generally  about  the  third  day 
after  delivery,  and  is  characterized  by  quick 
pulse;  increased  heat;  redness  of  face;  diminu- 
tion or  temporary  suppression  of  the  lochial 
discharge;  tumefaction  and  tension  of  the 
breasts.  It  commonly  terminates  in  twenty- 
four  hours,  and  often  with  profuse  perspiration. 
It  requires  the  use  of  antiphlogistics,  with  dry 
diet. 
Fever,  Mixed,  Synochus. 
Fever  Nephrit'ic,  Febris  nephret'ica.  In- 
termittent fever,  accompanied  with  nephritic 
pain  during  the  paroxysm. 

Fever,  Nervous,  Febris  ncrvo'sa,  Febris  lenta 
ncrvo'su.  A  variety  of  Typhus;  the  Typhus 
mitior  (q.  v.)  of  Cullen.  By  many,  however, 
it  is  esteemed  a  distinct  disease.  See  Typhoid 
fever. 

Fever,  Non'ane,  Febris  nona'na.  A  suppo- 
sititious fever,  whose  paroxysms  recur  every 
ninth  day,  or  every  eight  days. 

Fever,  Oc'tane,  Febris  octu'na.  An  inter- 
mittent, whose  paroxysms  recur  every  eighth 
day. 

Fever,  Periodical,  Febris  periodica.  An 
intermittent  or  remittent  fever. 

Fever,  Pernic"ious,  Febris  pendcidsa.  In- 
termittent fever,  when  attended  with  great 
danger,  and  which  destroys  the  majority  of 
those  affected  by  it  in  the  first  four  or  five  pa- 
roxysms; sometimes  in  the  very  first. 

Fever,  Pestilen'tial,  Febris  pestikntia'lis. 
The  Plague.  Also  a  severe  case  of  typhus. 
The  yellow  fever  and  sweating  sickness  have, 
likewise,  been  thus  designated. 

Fever,  Pitu'itous,  F.  adeno-meningeal. 
Fever,  Pleurit'ic;  an  intermittent  or  remit- 
tent, accompanied   with   inflammation   of  the 
pleura. 

Fever,  Pneumon'ic;  an  intermittent,  accom- 
panied with  inflammation  of  the  lungs. 

Fever,  Puer'peral,  Febris  puerpera'lis, 
Childbed  fever,  (F.)  Fievre  puerperale.  This 
name  has  been  given  to  several  acute  diseases, 
supervening  after  delivery.  It  means,  gene- 
rally, a  malignant  variety  of  peritonitis,  which 
runs  its  course  very  rapidly,  and  passes  into  a 
typhoid  condition,  unless  met,  at  the  very 
onset,  by  the  most  active  depleting  measures. 
By  the  generality  of  practitioners,  it  is  esteemed 
to  be  eminently  contagious;  some,  however, 
deny  that  it  is  so.  See  Peritonitis  and  Puer- 
peral fever. 

Fever,  Puerperal,  Adynamic,  or  Malig- 
nant, see  Peritonitis. 

Fever,  Puking,  Milk  sickness. 
Fever,  Po'ECL£NT,Fe4ris purulen'tu.    Fever, 
which  accompanies  suppuration. 
Fever,  Putrid,  Typhus  gravior. 
Fever,  Quintan,  Febris  quintal na.     A  ^ewer, 
whose    p;  roxysms   return  every   fifth   day.    It 
is  seen  rarely,  if  ever. 


FEVER,  QUOTIDIAN 


325 


FIBER 


Fever,  Quotid'ian,  Febris  quolidia'na.  A 
fever,  whose  paroxysms  recur  daily. 
Fever,  Red  Tongue,  see  Typhus. 
Fever,  Regular,  Febris  regula'ris.  An  in- 
termittent whose  paroxysms  follow  a  determi- 
nate type.  It  is  opposed  to  atypic.  Sometimes 
opposed  to  anomalous. 

Fever,  Remittent,  see  Remittent  Fever — f. 
Remittent,  infantile,  see  Fever,  infantile  remit- 
tent. 

Fever,  Rheumat'ic,  Rheumatism,  acute — f. 
Root,  Triosleum  perfoliatum. 

Fever,  Scorbu'tic,  Febris  scorbu'tica.  The 
febrile  movement,  which  sometimes  accompa- 
nies scorbutus  or  scurvy. 

Fever,  Secondary.  A  febrile  condition, 
which  recurs  in  certain  affections  after  having 
ceased;  such  as  the  secondary  fever,  which 
comes  on  at  the  time  of  the  maturation  of  the 
variolous  pustules,  or  after  the  eruption  of 
scarlatina,  &c,  has  disappeared. 

Fever,  Septan,  Febris  septa'na.  An  inter- 
mittent, whose  paroxysms  recur  every  six  days, 
and  consequently  on  the  seventh. 

Fever,  Sextan,  Febris  seztu'na.  A  fever, 
which  recurs  every  five  days,  and  consequently 
on  the  sixth. 

Fever,  Simple,  Febris  simplex.  Simple  fe- 
ver is  that  which  has  no  predominant  charac- 
ter— bilious,  inflammatory,  or  nervous  ;  and 
which  is  unaccompanied  by  any  local  determi- 
nation, hyperemia,  or  complication.  It  may 
be  continued,  remittent,  or  intermittent. 

Fever,  Simple  Continued.  This  is  the 
most  favourable  form  of  continued  fever,  and 
has  a  tendency  to  wear  itself  out,  provided 
only  the  la?dentia  be  avoided.  The  prognosis 
is  consequently  favourable,  and  the  treatment 
simple;  consisting  in  perfect  repose  of  body 
and  mind,  abstinence,  and  relieving  the  thirst 
by  cold  acidulated  drinks. 

Fever,  Singul'tous,  Febris  singulto' sa.  Fe- 
ver, accompanied  with  singultus  or  hiccough. 

Fever,  Spotted,  Typhus  gravior. 

Fever,  Ster'coral,  Febris  stercora'lis.  Fe- 
ver, produced  by  an  accumulation  of  fseces  in 
the  intestines. 

Fever,  Stomachic,  Gastric  Fever. 

Fever,  Strangers'.  Yellow,  or  remittent 
fever, which  is  endemic  in  certain  places,  and  to 
which  strangers  are  especially  liable. 

Fever,  Surintrant,  Febris  subin'trans.  An 
intermittent,  in  which  one  paroxysm  is  scarcely 
finished  before  the  other  begins. 

Fever,  Sweating,  Sudor  Anglicus. 

Fever,  Syn'copal,  Febris  syncopa'lis,  F.  mi- 
nu'ta,  (F.)  Fievre  syncopate.  A  variety  of  per- 
nicious intermittent,  in  which  there  is,  in  every 
paroxysm,  one  or  more  faintings. 

Fever,  Syphilit'ic,  Febris  syphilitica.  Fe- 
ver, accompanying  syphilis,  or  supposed  to  be 
owing  to  a  syphilitic  taint. 

Fever,  Ter'tian,  Febris  tertia'na.  A  fever, 
whose  paroxysm  returns  on  the  third  day,  and 
consequently  ever}-  two  days. 

Fk.veh,  Trag"ic,  Febris  Trag"ica.  A  low  fe- 
ver, in  which  the  patient  declaims  like  an  actor 
during  the  delirium. 

Fever,  Traumat'ic,  Febris  traumat'ica.  The 
fever,  which  supervenes  on  wounds  or  great 
surgical  operations. 

Fever,  Typhoid,  of  India,  Cholera. 

Fever,  Ver'minous,  Febris  Vermino'sa,  Hel- 


minthop'yra,  worm  fever.  Fever,  produced  by 
the  presence  of  worms  in  the  digestive  tube,  or 
accompanied  by  their  expulsion. 

Fever,  Vernal,  Febris  verna' Us.  An  inter- 
mittent or  other  fever  occurring  in  the  spring. 
Vernal  intermittents  were  formerly  considered 
salubrious. 

"An  ague  in  the  spring 
Is  physic  for  <i  king." 

Fever,  Vesicular,  Pemphigus. 

Fever,  Walcheren,  Gall- sickness.  The  re- 
mittents and  intermittents  to  which  the  British 
troops  were  exposed,  who  were  attached  to  the 
expedition  to  Walcheren.  in  1809. 

Fever,  Winter,  see  Tongue,  black. 

Fever,  Worm,  Verminous  F. 

Fever,  Yellow,  Febris  flava,  F.  America'na, 
Pestis  occidenta'lis,  Vom'ilus  niger,  Epan'ctus  mu- 
lignus  favus,  Remitt'ens  ictero'des,  Tritxophy'a 
Jimcrica'nu,  Typhus  ictcru'des,  F.  trop'icus,  F. 
contin'ua  pu'trida  ictero'des  Caroliniensis,  Elu- 
des icttro'des,  Febris  rnalig'na  bilio'sa  Amcricse, 
Ochrop'yra,  Syn'ochus  ictero'des,  Fievre  matelote, 
Febris  rnalig'na  flava  ln'dix  Occidenta'lis,  EnaW- 
mial  Causus  of  the  West  Indies,  Causus  trop'- 
icus endem'icus,  Bilious  remitting  yellow  fever, 
Malig'nantpestilen'tial  fever,  Fievre  jaune  d'Jime- 
rique,  Fievre  gaslro-adynamique,  Typhus  mias- 
matioue  alaxique  putride  jaune,  Vomito  prieto, 
Vomito  negro,  Mai  de  Siam,  Fievre  dc  la  Bar- 
bade,  F.  de  Siam,  F.  Ictcrique,  F.  Gastro-hepa- 
tinve,  Hcemagas'tric  Pestilence,  Black  vomit, 
Febris  toxica,  Febris  tropica,  Typhus  d.' .Imcriquc, 
Bulam  Fever,  Gibraltar  Fever,  Barcelona  Fever. 
A  very  acute  and  dangerous  febrile  affection; 
so  called,  because  complicated,  in  its  second 
stage,  with  jaundice,  and  accompanied  by  vomit- 
ing of  black  matter.  Sauvages,  Cullen,  and 
others  regard  it  as  a  variety  of  typhus;  and 
1'inel  as  a  species  of  gastro-adynamic,  or  bilious 
putrid  fever.  It  occurs,  endemically,  only 
within  the  tropics;  but  it  has  been  met  with 
epidemically  in  the  temperate  regions.  Brous- 
sais  regards  the  disease  as  gastro-enteritis,  ex- 
asperated by  atmospheiic  heat;  so  that  it  runs 
through  its  stages  with  much  greater  rapidity 
than  the  gastro-enteritis  of  our  climates.  The 
yellow  colour  of  the  skin,  according  to  him,  is 
owing  to  the  inflammation  of  the  small  intes- 
tine,—  and  especially  of  the  duodenum, — aug- 
menting the  secretion  of  the  liver,  and  at  the 
same  time  preventing  its  discharge  into  the 
duodenum.  The  pathology  of  this  affection,  as 
well  as  its  origin,  is  still  unsettled.  The  treat- 
ment must  generally  be  of  the  most  active  na- 
ture at  the  onset;  consisting  in  bleeding  largely, 
and  exhibiting  mercury  so  as  to  excite  a  new 
action,  if  possible; — the  other  symptoms  being 
combated  according  to  general  principles.  It 
must  vary,  however,  according  to  the  epidemic. 

FEVERBUSH,  Lauras  benzoin,  Prinos. 

FEVERFEW,  Matricaria. 

FE'VERISH,  Feb'riens,  Febrico'svs,  (F.)  Fie- 
vrcux  from  febris,  'fever.'  That  which  causes 
fever,  as  feverish  food,  feverish  diathesis,  Az.c. 
Also,  the  state  of  one  labouring  under  fever. 

FEVERROOT,  Pterospora  andromedea. 

FEVERTREE,  Pinckneya  pubens. 

FEVERWOOD,  Laurus  benzoin. 

FEVERWORT,  Eupatorium  perfoliatum, 
Trios  teum. 

FIBER,  Castor  fiber. 


F1BRA  AUREA 


326 


FIEL 


FIBRA  AUREA,  Coptis— f.  Sanguinis,  Fi- 
brin. 

FIBRE,  Fibra,  Is,  Ctedon,  Filum,  Filamcn'- 
lum.  An  organic  filament,  of  a  solid  consist- 
ence, and  more  or  less  extensible,  which  enters 
into  the  composition  of  every  animal  and  vege- 
table texture.  The  simple  or  elementary  fibre,  of 
the  ancients,  from  a  particular  assemblage  and 
arrangement  of  which  every  texture  of  the  body 
was  conceived  to  be  constituted,  seems  entirely 
ideal.  The  moderns  usually  admit,  with  Haller 
and  Blumenbach,  three  elementary  fibres  or  tis- 
sues. 1.  The  cellular  or  laminated,  formed  chiefly 
of  thin  plates,  of  a  whitish  colour  and  exten- 
sible, which  seems  to  consist  of  concrete  ge- 
latin. 2.  The  nervous,  pulpy,  or  mcd'ullary, 
formed  of  a  soft  substance,  contained  in  a  cel- 
lular sheath,  and  consisting  of  albumen  united 
to  a  fatty  matter.  3.  The  muscular,  composed 
of  round  filaments,  of  a  grayish  or  reddish  co- 
lour, and  formed  of  fibrin.  Cbaussier  has  added 
to  these  the  albugineous  fibre,  but  it  seems  to 
differ  from  the  cellular  fibre  only  in  greater 
condensation  of  the  molecules. 

A  very  small  fibre  is  called  a  Fibril,  Fibrilla. 

Fibre,  Albugineous,  see  Albuginea. 

FIBRIL,  see  Fibre. 

FI'BRIN,  or  Fib'rin,  Fibrine,  Fibrina,  Fibra 
sanguinis,  Mutelriafibro'sa,  Lympha  plaslica.  A  n 
immediate  animal  principle — solid,  white,  and 
inodorous;  insipid;  heavier  than  water;  without 
action  on  the  vegetable  blues:  elastic,  when 
moist;  hard  and  brittle  when  dry.  It  enters 
into  the  composition  of  the  chyle  and  the 
blood,  and  forms  the  chief  part  of  the  muscles 
of  red-blooded  animals.  In  certain  diseased 
actions,  Fibrin  or  Coagulable  lymph,  gluten,  is 
separated  from  the  blood,  and  is  found  in  con- 
siderable quantity  on  the  surfaces  of  mem- 
branes, and  in  the  cavities  of  the  body.  Fi- 
brin is  likewise  a  proximate  principle  of  vege- 
tables, and  diit'ers  but  little  in  chemical  compo- 
sition from  animal  fibrin;  nor  does  it  differ  much 
from  albumen  and  casein.  It  is,  however,  more 
organizable  than  either.  Albumen,  indeed,  pos- 
sesses no  plastic  powers;  but  it  appears  to  be 
converted  into  fibrin,  which  acquires  such 
powers  by  some  peculiar  action  of  the  livimr 
tissue. 

Fibrin  is  very  nutritious. 

FIB'RLNOUS,  Fibrino'sus.  That  which  is 
composed  of  fibrin,  or  has  the  appearance  of 
fibrin. 

F1BRO  CAR'TILAGE,  Fibro-cartila'go.  An 
organic  tissue,  partaking  of  the  nature  of  the 
fibrous  tissue,  and  of  that  of  cartilage.  It  is 
dense,  resisting,  elastic,  firm,  supple,  and  flexi- 
ble. Fibro  cartilages  are  distinguished  into, — 
1.  Membraniform,ot  those  which  serve  as  moulds 
to  certain  parts,  as  the  aire  nasi  and  eyelids.  2 
Vaginiform,  or  those  which  form  sheaths  for 
the  sliding  of  tendons.  3.  Interarlieular ,  those 
which  are  met  with  in  the  moveable  articula- 
tions. 4.  Uniting,  (F.)  Fibro  cartilages  d'union, 
which  form  a  junction  between  two  bones, 
as  the  symphysis  pubis.  Fibro-cartilages  are, 
sometimes,  formed  adventitiously,  as  the  result 
of  a  morbid  process  in  different  organs. 

FiBRO-CARTitAGES,  Tarsal,  see  Tarsus 

FIBRO-MUCOUS.  Fibro- muco'su*.  Fibrous 
membranes,  intimately  united  with  other  mem- 
branes of  a  mucous  nature,  as  the  pituitary  mem- 
brane, the  membrane  of  ike  urethra. 


FIBRO-SEROUS,  Fibro-scro'sus.  Possess- 
ing the  nature  of  fibrous  and  serous  membranes. 
Membranes,  composed  of  a  fibrous,  and  a  serous 
sheet,  intimately  united:— as  the  Dura  Mater, 
Pericardium,  Tunica  albvginea  testis,  &c. 

FI'BROUS,  Fibro'sus.  Composed  of  fibres. 
Certain  membranes,  as  the  dura  mater,  perios- 
j  teum.  ligamentous  capsules  of  the  joints,  &c. 
are  fibrous.  The  fibrous  system  of  Bichat  in- 
:  eludes  the  system  of  organs,  formed  by  the 
albugineous  fibre  of  Chaussier.  It  comprises, 
!  particularly,  the  periosteum  and  perichondrium; 
the  articular  capsules  and  ligaments;  the  ten- 
dons; the  dura  mater,  pericardium,  tunica  scle- 
rotica, tunica  albuginea  testis,  outer  membrane 
of  the  spleen,  &c. 

Fibrous  Membranes, see  Membranes,  fibrous. 

FIB' UFA,  Cruris  radius,  Canna  minor,  Os 
per'one,  Foc"ile  minus,  Sura,  Arun'do  minor, 
I  Fisl'ula  Cruris,  Tib'ia  min'ima,  'a  clasp.'  The 
splinter  bone  of  the  leg.  (F.)  Peronc.  The 
long,  small  bone,  situate  at  the  outer  part  of  the 
leg.  The  superior  or  tibial  extremity  of  the 
fibula  is  rounded  and  forms  the  caput  or  head. 
It  is  articulated  with  the  tibia.  Its  inferior  or 
tarsal  extremity  is  broader  than  the  superior. 
It  is  articulated  with  the  tibia  and  astragalus, 
and  forms  the  malleolus  cxternus  or  outer  ankle 
by  means  of  its  coronoid process.  The  body  of 
the  bone  has  three  faces,  having  more  or  less 
prominent  edges.  It  is  separated  from  the  tibia 
by  the  interosseous  space,  at:d  is  developed  by 
three  points  of  ossification;  one  at  the  body,  and 
one  at  each  extremity.  It  prevents  the  foot 
from  turnino-  outwards. 

FIBULATIO,  Infibulatio. 

FIG,  Ficus. 

FICAIRF.,  Ranunculus  ficaria. 

FlCARIA,  Scropbularia  aquatica — f.  Ranun- 
culoides.  Ranunculus  ficaria. 

FICATIO,  Ficus. 

FICOSA  EMINENTIA,  Ficus. 

FlCi'S,  Syco'sis,  Syco'ma,  Fica'lio,  Fico'sus 
Tumor,  Fico'sa.  einineu'tia,  Mins'ca,  (F.)  Fie. 
A  fleshy  excrescence,  often  soft  and  reddish, 
sometimes  hard  and  scirrhous,  han^inir  by  a 
peduncle,  or  formed  like  a  fig;  occurring  on 
the  eyelids,  chin,  tongue,  anus,  or  organs  of 
geneiation.  The  fici  seated  on  the  last  men- 
tioned parts,  are  generally  of  a  syphilitic  cha- 
racter. 

Ficus,  F.  Carica. 

Ficus  Car'ica.  The  systematic  name  of  the 
fig  tree,  (F  )  Figuicr,  Carica,  Ficus,  Finis 
vufga'ris,  Ficus  commu'nis,  Syce,  <rv*>i,  (F.) 
Figue.  The  fig—  Picas,  (Ph.  IF  S.)  — is  a  plea- 
sant fruit  when  ripe;  as  well  as  when  dried  in 
the  state  in  which  it  is  found  in  the  shops.  Jt 
is  used,  at  times,  in  place  of  a  cataplasm;  espe- 
cially in  gum  boils. 

Ficus  IpmiyE  Ghana.  Coccus  cacti — f.  Indica, 
Musa  paiadisiaca,  see  Caoutchouc  and  Lacca. 

Ficus  Relic iosa,  see  Lnoca. 

FIDGETS  Of  doubtful  etymology.  Dys- 
phoria simplex,  D.  vervo'sa,  Erclltis'mus  sim- 
plex, Tiluba'lio,  (F  )  FjtliUemenl.  General  rest- 
lessness and  troublesome  uneasiness  of  the 
nerves  and  muscles;  with  increased  sensibility, 
and  inability  of  fixing  the  attention,  accom- 
panied with  a  perpetual  desire  of  changing  the 
position.     See  Agacement  des  JVcrfs. 

FI  DION  ALES,  Lumbricales  manus. 

FIEL,  Bile. 


FIELD  WEED 


327 


FISSURE,  CENTRAL 


FIELDWEED,  Anthemis  cotula,  Erigeron 
Philadelphicom. 

FI&VRE,  Fever—/  d'Jcces,  Intermittent  fe- 
ver—;/.  JJdynamique,  Typhus — /.  Algide,  see  Al- 
gidus— /.  d' Amour,  Fever,  erotic—/,  Angeiote- 
niqve,  Synocha— -f.  Annuefle,  see  Annual  Dis- 
eases—/*.  Ardent,    Ardent  fever,    Synocha — /. 
Ataxique,   Typhus — -f.    de  la    Earbade,    Fever, 
yellow — /.    des    Camps,   Typhus  gravior — / 
Catarrhal?,,  Catarrh—/.   Chebrale,  Cerebral  fe- 
ver—/.  Cerdbrak  des  Enfans,  Hydrocephalus 
internus— /.  Cholerique.  Choleric,  (fever)—/,  de 
Consomption,  see  Consumption—/.   Continente 
infln mmaloire,  Synocha — /    Delirante,   Fever, 
delirious—/  Double,  Fever,  double — ■/.  Doublee, 
Fever,  double — /.  Entiro-mcsr.nterique, Typhoid 
fever — /.  Clique,  Hectic  fever— /.  Gastro  adyna- 
miqite,  Fever,  yellow — -/.  Gastro-hepatique,  Fe- 
ver, yellow—/.    Heclique,   Hectic    fever—/,  do 
Hong)  ie.  Fever,  Hungaric— /.  d'Hopitul,  Typhus 
gravior—/.  Ict&rique,  Fever,  yellow — /  Infiam- 
matoire,  Synocha—/  Intermittente,  Intermittent 
fever—/.   Irritative.,  Synocha—/  Jaune  d' Ami- 
rique,  Fever  yellow — /.  La  die,  Fever,  milk—/ 
de  halt,  Fever,  milk—/.  Laiteuse,  Fever,  milk—/ 
Larvie,  Fever,  masked—/.  Lenticvlaire,  Typhus 
gravior—/  do  Levant,  Plagw— /  des  Marais, 
Intermittent  Fever—/  Matelolle,  Fever,  yellow 
— /.  Misentirique,  see  Typhus—/.  delaMoisson, 
Fever,  crastric— /.  Morbitleuse,  Rubeola— -/.  JVier- 
vevse,  Typhus  mitinr — /.  Nosocomiale,  Typhus 
gravior — -/.  Ortiee,  Urticaria—/.  Oscitante,  Osci- 
tant  fever—/.  Piriodique,  Intermittent  fever—/ 
Piripneumonique,   Pneumonia  — /    Pernicievse  \ 
del, unite,  see    Delirious — f  Plen retiijne.  Pleuri- 
sy—/, des  Prisons,  Typhus  gravior—/  Pneumo- 
nique,  Pneumonia — /,  Povrpree,  Scarlatina — -/. 
,  Puerpirale,  Fever,  puerperal,  see  Peritonitis — 
/.   Quarte,  Quartan—/    Qitotidienne,  Quotidian 
— /.  'Rimittente,  Remittent  fever—/.  Rhumatis- 
mule,  Rheumatism,  acute — /.  Rouge,  Scarlatina 
— -f.Sanguine,S\  nocha.— f.Semitierce,  Hemitritaea 
— /  de  Siam,  Fever,  yellow—/.  Suaitte,  Sudor 
Picardicus— /.  Syncopale,  sec   Fever  syncopal, 
and  Svncopal— /'.  Tierce,  Tertian  fever. 
FlkVREVX.  Feverish. 
FIG.  INDIAN,  Cactus  opuntia. 
FIGVE.  Ficus  carina. 

FIGUIER,  Ficus  carica— /.  d'lnde,  Cactus 
opuntia. 

FIG U RATIO,  Imagination. 
FIGURE,  Countenance. 

FIGURA,  (F.)  An  epithet,  for  a  compressive 
bandage,  applied  over  the  head  after  bleeding 
from  the  frontal  vein.  It  has  also  been  called 
bandage  royal. 

FIGWORT,  Scrophularia  nodosa— f.  Water, 
greater,  Scrophularia  aquatica. 

FIL'AMENT,  Filamen'tum,  from  filum,   'a 

thread.'     This  word  is  used  synonymously  with 

fibril,-   thus,   we  say,  a  nerruus  or  cellular  fila- 

Also,  the  glairy,  thread-like  substance. 

which  forms  in  the  urine  in  some  diseases,  and 

which   depends  on  a  particular  secretion   from 

the  mucous  membrane  of  the  urinary  passages. 

FILAMENTUM,  Fibre.  Frrenum. 

FILARIA   HOMINIS  IPRONCHIALIS,  see 

Worms— f  Medinensis,  Dracunculus — f.  Oculi, 

see  W'Tins. 

FILELI.UM.  Frannm. 

FILET  {DE  LA  L/LXGUE.)  Fran  urn—/,  de 
la  Verge,  Framum  penis—/.  Operation  du,  see 
Frsenum. 


FILICULA.  Polypodium  filix  mas. 

FIL'IFORM,  Filiform' is,  from  filum,  'a 
thread,'  and/orm«.  'form;'  having  the  shape  of 
a  thread;  as  the  filiform  papil'lx  of  the  tongue. 
See  Papillae. 

FILIPENDULA.  Spiraea  filipendula. 

FILIUS  ANTE  PATREM,  Tussilago. 

FILIX  FCE  MINE  A,  Pteris  aquilina— f.  Flo- 
rida, Osmunda  rejralis — f.  Mas,  Polypodium 
filix  inns — f.  Nymphsa,  Pteris  aquilina— f.  Ve- 
neris, Adianturn  pedatum. 

FILLE.  Girl. 

FILLET,  Fascia. 

FILTRATION,  Fikra'tio,  Percola'th.  A 
pharmaceutical  operation,  which  consists  in 
passing  a  fluid  through  a  filter  or  strainer,  for 
the  purpose  of  clarifying  it.  In  ancient  physi- 
ology, it  meant  the  action  by  which  the  differ- 
ent humours  of  the  body  are  separated  from  the 
mass  of  blood. 

FILTRUM.  A  filler.  Any  porous  material; 
such  as  sand,  some  kinds  of  freestone,  powdered 
charcoal,  pounded  glass,  flannel,  unsized  paper, 
&c,  through  which  a  fluid  is  passed  for  the 
purpose  of  separating  it  from  the  matters  sus- 
pended in  it. 

FILUM.  Fibre— f.  Taeniaforme,  Taeniol'a. 

FIM'BRIA,  Parar' ma.  A  band;  a  fringe; 
as  the  fimbria  or  fimbriated  extremity  of  the 
Fallopian  tube. 

FIMBRLE  CARNOS.E  COLI,  Epiploic  ap- 
pendages. 

FIMUS,  Stercus,  Diner. 

Fiaius  sen  Stercus  An'seris  or  Goose-dung, 
was  applied  as  a  poultice  to  the  feet  in  malig- 
nant fever.     See  Chenocoprus. 

FlMUS  Eq,ui'nos,  Sierras  cqui  nan  castra'li, 
Stone  horse-dung,  was  once  thought  anti-pleu- 
ritic. 

Fimbs  VACc«,or  Coirdung+was  employed  as 
a  cataplasm,  especially  in  gout. 

FLNCKLE,  Anethum. 

FINGER,  Digitus — f.  Ring,  Annular  finger 
— f  Stall,  Diffitale. 

FUSTS  ASPER.E  ARTERLE,  Larynx. 

FIOLE.  Phiala. 

FIR-MOSS,  UPRIGHT,  Lycopodium  se- 
lago — f.  Scotch,  Pinus  sylvestris — f.  Spruce 
Norway,  Pinusabies — f  Tree,  silver,  European, 
Pinus  picea — f.  Yew-leaved,  Pinus  abies. 

FIRE,  PERSIAN,  Anthracion— f.  St.  Antho- 
ny's, Erysipelas— f  Weed,  Senecio. 

FISHSKIN,  Ichthyosis. 

FISH  TONGUE.  An  instrument— so  called 
from  its  shape  —  used  by  some  dentists  for  the 
removal  of  the  rientes  sapiential. 

FISSICU'LATIO,  from  fissiculare,  'to  cut 
off,'  'open,'  'make  incisions.'  An  old  word 
for  an  opening  made  with  a  scalpel. 

FISSIPAROUS,  see  Generation. 

FISSURA  CA1TLLORUM,  Distrix— f.  Con- 
trajacens,  Contrafissura  — f.  Pilaris,  Tiichis- 
mus. 

FISSURE,  Fissu'ra,  from  findere,  'to  cleave;' 
a  long  and  narrow  cleft  or  opening  in  a  bone — 
Ullage,  Quyij.  Ceasma,  xturua..  (F.)  Fissure, 
Feme.     See  Rhagades. 

Fissure,  Capillary,  see  Pilatio — f.  of  Glase- 
rius — f.  Glenoid. 

Fissure,  Central,  is  Ihe  aggregate  of  the 
cavities  or  ventricles  of  the  brain.  Meckel 
considers  this  but  one  cavity  in  the  form  of  a 
cross. 


FISSURE,  GLENOID 


323 


FLANKS 


Fissure,  Glenoid,  or  Fissure  of  Glase'rius, 
(F.)  Fissure  ou  Scissure  de  Glaser,  Fente  gle- 
no'idale  on  Fdlure  de  Glaser,  divides  the  glenoid 
cavity  of  the  temporal  bone  into  two  parts,  and 
gives  passage  to  the  chorda  tympani,  &c. 

Fissure  of  Rolan'do.  A  transverse  fissure 
placed  between  two  superior  cerebral  convolu- 
tions, which  are  met  with  above  the  fissure  of 
Sylvius. 

Fissure,  Semtlu'nar.  A  notch  at  the  ante- 
rior edge  of  the  cerebellum,  where  it  receives 
fibres  which  connect  it  to  the  cerebellum  and 
mesocephalon. 

Fissure  of  Sylvius,  Fissura  vel  Fossa  Magna 
Sylvii.  A  deep,  narrow  sulcus,  which  ascends 
obliquely  backwards  from  the  temporal  ala  of 
the  sphenoid  bone  near  to  the  middle  of  the  pa- 
rietal bone;  and  which  parts  the  anterior  and 
middle  lobes  of  the  cerebrum  on  each  side. 

Fissure  Orbitar,  Inferior,  Spheno-maxil- 
lary  fissure — f.  Orbitar,  superior,  Sphenoidal 
Fissure — f.  of  Sylvius,  Ventricle,  fifth. 

Fissure/  Same  etymon:     1.  A  fracture,  Ca- 
tag'nia  fissu'ra,  in   which  the  bone  is  cracked, 
not  separated,  as  in  fracture.     2.  A  narrow,  long, 
and  superficial  solution  of  continuity,  around  | 
the  external    openings    of  the    mucous    mem- 
branes.    A  sort  of  chap,  observed  on  the  hands,  j 
particularly  on  the  callous  hands,  of  workmen, 
in  certain  mechanical  employments.     3.  Small,! 
chapped    ulcerations,    sometimes     noticed    in 
young  children,  owing  to  the  contact  of  the 
feces  and  urine  with  the  fine  delicate  skin  of 
the  thighs,  nates,  and  genital  organs.     4.  Clefts, 
of  a  more  or  less  deep  nature,  occurring  on  the 
genital  organs  in  the  vicinity  of  the  anus,  in 
those  labouring  under  syphilis.     These  are  usu-  i 
ally  called  rhagudes,  (q.  v.) 

FIS'TULA,  Syrinx.  A  solution  of  continuity, 
of  greater  or  less  ctepth,  and  sinuosity ;  the  open-  i 
ing  of  which  is  narrow,  and  the  disease  kept  up 
by  an  altered  texture  of  parts,  so  that  it  is  not  | 
disposed  to  heal.  A  fistula  is  incomplete  or 
blind,  when  it  has  but  one  opening;  and  complete 
when  there  are  two,  the  one  communicating  , 
with  an  internal  cavity,  the  other,  externally.  , 
It  is  lined,  in  its  whole  course,  by  a  membrane, 
which  seems  analogous  to  mucous  membranes. 
Incomplete  fistulx  may  be  internal  or  external. 
The  former  are  those  which  open  internally ;  the 
latter,  those  which  open  externally.  External 
incomplete  fistula:  are  kept  up  by  caries  or  ne- 
crosis of  bones,  by  extraneous  bodies  in  any  of 
the  living  textures,  or  by  purulent  cavities,  the 
walls  of  which  have  notbecome  united.  Internal 
incomplete  fistulx  generally  soon  become  com- 
plete, since  the  discharge  that  escapes  from 
them  into  the  cavities  into  which  they  open,  has 
a  constant  tendency  to  make  its  way  outwardly, 
and  soon  occasions  ulceration  of  the  integu- 
ments. Fistula  have  received  different  names, 
according  to  the  discharge  which  they  afford, 
and  the  organs  in  which  they  are  seated, — as 
lachrymal,  biliary,  salivary,  synovial,  urinary. 
The  great  object  of  treatment,  in  fistulous 
sores,  is  to  bring  on  an  altered  condition  of  the 
parietcs  of  the  canal;  by  astringent  or  stimu- 
lating injections,  caustics,  the  knife,  pressure, 
&.c.  Those  which  are  dependent  on  diseased 
bone,  cartilage,  tendon,  &c.  do  not  heal  until 
after  the  exfoliation  of  the  diseased  part.  Fis- 
tulas of  excretory  ducts  are  produced  either  by 
an  injury  of  the  duct  itself  or  by  the  reten- 


tion and  accumulation  of  the  fluids  to  which 
they  have  to  give  passage.  Thus,  Fis'tula  la- 
chryma'lis,  Emphrag'ma  lachrymal l&,  Hydrops 
sacci  lachryma'tis,  Dropsy  of  the  lachrymal  sac, 
Mucoce'tE  of  the  lachrymal  sac,  commonly  pro- 
ceeds from  the  obliteration  of  the  nasal  duct,  or 
from  anatomy  of  the  lachrymal  sac;  which  cir- 
cumstances prevent  the  tears  from  passing  into 
the  nostrils. 

Fistula  in  Ano,  Archosy'rinx,  generally  oc- 
curs from  some  mechanical  pressure  or  impedi- 
ment. The  principal  indication,  in  the  treat- 
ment of  these  fistula?  of  the  excretory  canals, 
being  to  put  a  stop  to  the  constant  discharge 
of  the  secretions,  &c.  through  the  preternatu- 
ral channel,  the  fistulous  passage  is  at  times 
laid  open,  and  a  communication  established 
with  the  natural  excretory  canal;  at  others, 
strong  pressure  is  employed  to  procure  its  ob- 
literation. 

Fistula  Beli.eniana,  Uriniferous  lube — f. 
Cibalis,  CEsophagus — f.  Cruris,  Fibula — f.  Du- 
ra matris,  Sinus  of  the  dura  mater — f.  Lacbry- 
malis,  see  Fistula — f.  Nervorum,  Neurilema — f. 
Sacra,  Medulla  spinalis,  Vertebral  column— f. 
Spiritalis,  Trachea— f.  Urinaria,  Urethra  — f. 
Ureterum  renum,  see  Calix  —  f.  Ventnculi, 
CEsophagus. 

F1STULES  STERCORAIRES,  see  Sterco- 
raceous. 

FITROOT.Monotropa  uniflora. 

FIVE  FINGERS,  Panax  quinquefolium. 

FIXED,  Fixus,  from  figere,  'to  fasten.'  A 
body  not  capable  of  being  volatilized  by  fire  is 
said  lo  be  fixed.  Thus,  we  say  fixed  oils,  in 
contradistinction  to  volatile  oils. 

F1XEN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  This 
spring  is  four  leagues  from  Waldsassen,  in  Ba- 
varia. It  contains  carbonic  acid,  holding  in 
solution  carbonates  of  lime  and  magnesia,  chlo- 
rides of  lime  and  magnesia,  carbonate  of  soda 
and  silica.  In  Bavaria,  it  replaces  the  Seltzer 
water. 

F1XI  DENTES.  The  teeth  of  the  second 
dentition. 

FLABELLA'TION,  Flabella'tio,  from  ftabel- 
lore,  to  agitate  the  air.  An  operation,  recom- 
mended by  Ambrose  Fare,  which  consists  in 
keeping  the  fractured  limbs  cool,  as  well  as  the 
dressings  surrounding  them,  by  the  renewal  of 
the  air  around  them,  either  by  the  use  of  a  fan, 
or  the  repeated  change  of  position  of  the  parts 
affected. 

FLABELLUM  ET  VKNTILABRUM  COR- 
DIS. Pulmo. 

FLACCTD'ITY,  Flaccid' itas  from  flaccidus, 
'flabby,'  'soft.'  Softness  of  a  part,  so  as  to 
offer  little  resistance  on  pressure. 

FLAG,  BLUE,  Iris  versicolor— f.  Myrtle, 
Acorns  calamus — f.  Root,  Acorus  calamus. 

FLAMBE,  Iris  Germanica— /.  Batard,  Iris 
pseudacorus. 

FLAMBOISE,  Ignis  sylvaticus. 

FLAME,  VITAL,  Vital  principle. 

FLAMMA,  Fleam. 

FLAM  ME,  Fleam— f.  Vitale,  Vital  principle. 

FLAMMETTE,  Fleam. 

FLAM MU LA.  Fleam— f.  Jovis,  Clematis 
recta — f.  Vitalis,  Vital  principle. 

FLAJVCS,  Flanks. 

FLANKS,  Ilia,  La'goncs,  Lap'ara,  Cenco'nes, 
(F.)  Flancs,  Les  Iks.     The  regions  of  the  body, 


FLAP  OPERATION  OF  AMPUTATION    329     FLEXOR  LONGUS  DIGITORUM  &c. 


which  extend  on  the  sides,  from  the  inferior 
margin  of  the  chest  to  the  crista  ilii. 

FLAP  OPERATION  of  AMPUTATION, 
Amputation  a  lambeaux. 

FLATUARIUS,  Alchymist. 

FLAT'ULENCE,  Flatulen'tia,  Klatus,  Fla- 
tuoi/ity,  Clydon,  Pkysa,  Polypky'sia,  Wind,  Li- 
mt/sis  Fla'tus,  Ereuz'is,  Dumbus,  (F.)  Ventositc. 
Emission  of  wind  by  the  mouth  or  anus,  or  ac- 
cumulation of  wind  in  the  digestive  tube. 

FLATULENTUS,  Windy" 

FLATUOSITY,  Flatulence. 

FLATUS,  Crepitation,  Flatulence— f.  Furi- 
osus,  Amholo-flatulentus. 

FLAVEDO  CORTICUM  CITRI,  see  Citrus 
medica. 

FLAV US,  Yellow. 

FLAX,  COMMON,  Linum  usitatissimum— 
f.  Purging,  Linum  catharticum — f.  Seed,  see 
Linum  usitatissimum — f.  Toad,  Antirhinum 
linaria. 

FLEABANE,  GREAT,  Conyza  squamosa— 
f.  Various-leaved,  Erigeron  heierophyllum — f. 
Bane,  Canada,  Erigeron  Canadense— f.  Bane, 
Philadelphia,  Erigeron  Philadelphicum — f.  Ske- 
vish,  Erigeron  Philadelphicum— f.  Wort,  Plan- 
tago  psyllium. 

FLEAM,  Flamma,  Flam' inula,  Schaste'rion, 
Fosso'rium,  Phlebot'omus.  A  surgical  instru- 
ment, vised  for  the  operation  of  phlebotomy. 
(F.)  Flantmr,  Flammette.  It  consists  of  a  small 
metallic  box,  containing  a  spear-pointed  cuttino- 
instrument,  which,  by  means  of  a  spring,  can 
be  forced  into  the  vein.  It  is  much  used  in 
Germany  and  some  other  European  countries, 
and  is  not  unfrequently  employed  in  America; 
but  is  scarcely  ever  seen  in  France  or  Great 
Britain. 

FLECHISSEUR,  Flexor—/.  Court  comnmn 
des  ortcils — /.  Flexor  brevis  digitorum  pedis — 
/.  Court  du  petit,  doigt,  Flexor  parvus  minimi 
digiti— -f.  Court  du  petit  orteil,  Flexor  brevis 
minimi  digiti  pedis—/.  Prqfond des  doigts,  Flex- 
or profundus  per  for  ana— /.  Sublime  des  doigts. 
Flexor  sublimis  perforatus— /.  Superflciel  des 
doigts,  Flexor  sublimis  perforatus—/.  Court  du 
gros  orteil,  Flexor  brevis  pollicis  pedis— -f.  Grand 
commun  des  orteilg,  Flexor  Longus  digitorum 
pedis  profundus  perforans—/'.  Long  commun  des 
ortcils,  Flexor  longus  digitorum  pedis  profun- 
dus perforans—/.  Long  du  gros  orteil,  Flexor 
longus  pollicis  pedis—/.  Court  du  pouce,  Flexor 
brevis  pollicis  manus. 

FLECTENS  PAR  LUMBORUM,  Quadra- 
tus  lumborum. 

FLEGMEN,  Flemen. 

FLEMEN,  Flegmcn.  A  tumour  about  the 
ankles.     Also,  chaps  of  the  feet  and  hands. 

FLERECIN,  Gout. 

FLESH,  Caro,  Sarx,  (F.)  Chair.  Every 
soft  part  of  an  animal  is  so  named;  but  more 
particularly  the  muscles,  which  are  called  mus- 
cular flesh. 

Flesh,  Proud,  Fungosity. 

FLEUIIS,  Flowers,  Menses—/. Blanches,  Leu- 
corrhcea— /.  dc  Muscade,  Mace—/,  de  Soufre, 
Sulphur  sublimatum. 

FLEXIBILITY.    A  physical  property  of  the 
tissues,  which  varies  greatly  according  to  the 
structure.     The  tendons  exhibit  this  property 
in  a  marked  manner. 
FLEXIO.  Campsis. 

FLEX'ION,    Flez'io,    CampS,    from  flcctere. 
22 


'to  bend.'  The  stale  of  being  bent.  The  action 
of  a  flexor  muscle. 

FLEXOR.  Same  etymon.  (F.)  Flechisseur. 
A  muscle,  whose  office  it  is  to  bend  certain 
parts. 

Flexor  Brevis  Digito'rum  Pedis  Perfo- 
ra'tus,  F.  Sul/li'mis,  Flexor  brevis,  Flexor  digi- 
to'rum brevis  sive  perforatus  pedis,  Perfora'tus 
seu  flexor  secun'di  inlcrno'dii  digito'rum  pedis, 
Culcanio •  sous -phaJan gettien  commun, —  Calca- 
nco-sous  phalanginicn  commun, — (Ch.)  (F.) 
Muscle  court  flechisseur  commun  des  ortcils.  A 
muscle,  placed  at  the  middle  part  of  the  sole  of 
the  foot.  It  is  narrower  and  thicker  behind 
than  before,  where  it  is  divided  into  four  por- 
tions. It  arises  from  the  posterior  part  of  the 
inferior  surface  of  the  os  calcis,  and  is  inserted 
at  the  inferior  surface  of  the  second  phalanx  of 
the  last  four  toes.  It  bends  the  second  phalan- 
ges of  the  toes  on  the  first,  and  the  first  on  the 
metatarsal  bones;  in  this  manner  augmenting 
the  concavity  of  the  vault  of  the  foot. 

Flexor  Brevis  Minimi  Digiti,  F.  parvus 
minimi  digiti. 

Flexor  Brevis  Min'imi  Dig"iti  Pedis,  Pa- 
ra'tkenar  minor,  (F.)  Court  flechisseur  du  petit 
orteil,  Tarso-sous-phalangien  da  petit  orteil — 
(Ch.)  A  muscle,  situate  at  the  anterior  and 
outer  part  of  the  sole  of  the  foot.  It  arises 
from  the  posterior  extremity  of  the  fifth  meta- 
tarsal bone,  and  is  inserted  into  the  posterior 
part  of  the  first  phalanx  of  the  little  toe,  which 
it  bends. 

Flexor  Brevis  Pol'licis  Manus,  Flexor  se- 
cun'di intemo'dii,  Thenar,  Flexor  primi  et  se- 
cun'di ossis  pol'licis — Court  flechisseur  da  pouce 
—  Garpophulan gi.cn  du  pouce — (Ch.)  Demi-in- 
terosseux  du  pouce.  A  muscle,  situate  at  the 
outer  part  of  the  palm  of  the  hand.  It  is  di- 
vided into  two  portions  by  the  tendon  of  the 
Flexor  longus  pollicis.  It  arises  from  the  os 
magnum,  the  anterior  annular  ligament  of  the 
carpus  and  the  third  metacarpal  bone;  and  is 
inserted  into  the  superior  part  of  the  first  pha- 
lanx of  the  thumb,  and  into  the  two  ossa  sesa- 
moidea  at  the  articulation  of  the  first  phalanx 
with  the  first  metacarpal  bone.  Its  use  is  to 
bend  the  first  phalanx  of  thp  thumb  on  the  first 
metacarpal  bone;  and  the  latter  upon  the  tra- 
pezium. 

Flexor  Brevis  Pol'licis  Pedis,  Flexor 
brevis,  Flexor  hal'lucis  vel  brevis  pol'licis,  Tarso- 
phalangien  du  pouce,  Court  flechisseur  du  gros 
orteil ,  Tarso-sous  phalangcttien  du  premier  orteil, 
— (Ch.)  It  is  situate  at  the  anterior  and  inner 
part  of  the  sole  of  the  foot;  is  thin  and  narrow 
behind,  thick  and  divided  into  two  portions  be- 
fore. It  arises  from  the  inferior  part  of  the  os 
calcis  and  the  last  two  cuneiform  bones,  and  is 
inserted  at  the  inferior  part  of  the  base  of  the 
first  phalanx  of  the  great  toe,  and  into  the  two 
sesamoid  bones  of  the  corresponding  metatarso- 
phalangien  articulation.  It  bends  the  first  pha- 
lanx of  the  great  toe  on  the  first  metacarpal  bone. 

Flexor  Carpi  Radiai.is,  Palmaris  magnus 
— f.  Carpi  ulnaris,  see  Cubital  (muscles) — f. 
Hallucis,  F.  brevis  pollicis  pedis — f.  Plallucis 
longus,  F.  longus  pollicis  pedis. 

Flexor  Longus  Digito'rum  Pedis  Profun- 
dus Per'forans;  Per'fnrans  seu  Flexor  pro- 
fundus, Perodactyle'us,  Flexor  digito'rum  longus 
sive  Perforans  pedis,  Perforans  seu  Flexor  tertii 
internodii  digito'rum  pedis;   Tibio-phalangttlicn, 


FLEXOR  LONGUS  POLLICIS  MANU3    330 


FLOWERS 


—  (Ch  )  Grand  ou  long  fiechisseur  commun  des 
orteils.  A  muscle,  situate  at  the  posterior  and 
deep-seated  part  of  the  leg.  It  is  broader  at  its 
middle  than  extremities,  the  inferior  of  which 
is  divided  into  four  portions.  It  arises  from  the 
posterior  surface  of  the  tibia;  and  its  tendons 
are  attached  to  the  posterior  part  of  the  lower 
surface  of  the  three  phalanges  of  the  last  four 
toes.  It  bends  the  three  phalanges  on  each 
other,  and  the  toes  on  the  metatarsus,  and  ex- 
tends the  foot  on  the  leg. 

The  Mcesso'rius  Fiexo'ris  Longi  Digitorum 
Pedis,  Ca.ro  quadra' ta  Sylvii,  Curo  accesso'ria, 
Plant  a' r  is  vcrus,  Accessoire  du  long  fiechisseur 
commvn  dcs  orteils,  Carrie  is  a  small  muscle  of 
the  sole  of  the  foot,  which  passes  obliquely  from 
the  os  calcis  to  the  outer  edge  of  the  flexor 
loncus,  whose  force  it  augments,  and  corrects 
its  obliquity. 

Flexor  Longus  Pollicis  Manus,  Flexor  lon- 
gus pollicis,  Flexor  tertii  internodii,  Flexor  tertii 
internodii  sive  longis'simus  pollicis,-  Radio-pha- 
tangettien  du  pouce, — (Ch.)  Situate  at  the  an- 
terior and  profound  part  of  the  forearm.  It 
arises  from  the  upper  three-quarters  of  the  an- 
terior surface  of  the  radius  and  interosseous 
ligament,  and  is  inserted,  by  a  tendon,  into  the 
anteriorsurface  of  the  last  phalanxof  the  thumb. 
It  bends  the  second  phalanx  of  the  thumb  on 
the  first;  the  first  on  the  corresponding  meta- 
carpal bone,  and  this  upon  the  radius.  It  can, 
also,  bend  the  hand  on  the  forearm. 

Flexor  Longus  Pollicis  Pedis,  Flexor  Hul- 
lucis  vel  Pollicis  longus,  Pironeo-phalangien  du 
crros  ortcil ,  Lemg  fiechisseur  du  gros  or  lei  I,  Pc- 
■roneo-sous-phalangcttien  du  pouce, — (Ch  )  It  is 
situate  at  the  posterior  and  profound  part  of  the 
leg.  It  arises  from  the  posterior  surface  of  the 
fibula  and  the  interosseous  ligament,  and  is  in- 
serted, by  means  of  a  long  tendon,  into  the 
inferior  part  of  the  first  phalanx  of  the  great 
toe.  It  bends  the  third  phalanx  on  the  first, 
and  this  upon  the.  corresponding  metatarsal 
bone.  It  augments  the  concavity  of  the  sole  of 
the  foot,  and  extends  the  foot  on  the  leg. 

Flexor  Parvus  Min'ihi  Dig"iti,  Abduc'lor 
minimi  digiti.  Hypotk'enar  Riola'ni,  Flexor  ire- 
r,is  mini  mi  digiti  manus,  Hijpolh't.nar  minimi 
digiti,  Carpo-phalangien  du  petit  doigt — (Ch.) 
Court  fiechisseur  du  petit  doigt.  It  arises  from 
the  anterior  annular  ligament  of  the  carpus  arid 
the  process  of  the  os  unciforme,  and  is  inserted 
at  the  inner  side  of  the  superior  extremity  of 
the  first  phalanx  of  the  little  finger.  It  bends 
the  first  phalanx  of  the  little  finger. 

Flexor  Perforans,  .F  profundus  perforans 
—  f.  Perforatus,  F.  sublimis  perforatus — f.  Primi 
internodii,  Opponens  pollicis — f.  Primi  inter- 
nodii digitorum  manus.  Lumbricalis  manus — 
f.  Primi  et  sccundi  ossis  pollicis,  F.  brevis  pol- 
licis manus. 

Flexor  Profun'dus  Per'forans,  F.  Profun- 
dus, F.  Per'forans,  F.  Per'forans  vulgo  prqf'un- 
dus,  Flexor  ler'tii  interna"  dii  digilo'rum  manus 
vel  Per'forans  mantis,-  Cubito-phulangettiencom- 
mun — (Ch.,)Flccliisseur  profond  dcs  doigts.  A 
thick,  flat,  long  muscle,  seated  beneath  the 
Flexor  sublimis  perforatus.  Its  upper  extremity 
is  simple,  and  arises  from  the  anterior  surface 
of  the  ulna  and  from  the  interosseous  ligament. 
Its  inferior  extremity  terminates  by  four  ten- 
di  ns  which,  after  having  passed  through  the 
sli's  in  the  sublimis,  are  inserted  into  the  ante- 


rior surface  of  the  last  phalanges  of  the  four 
fingers.  It  bends  the  third  phalanges  on  the 
second;  and,  in  other  respects,  has  the  same 
uses  as  the  following. 

Flexor  Secundi  Internodii  Digitorum 
Pedis,  F.  brevis  digitorum  pedis — f  Tertii  in- 
ternodii, F.  longus  pollicis  manus — f.  Tertii  in- 
ternodii digitorum  manus,  F.  profundus  perfo- 
rans— f.  Tertii  internodii  digitorum  pedis,  F. 
longus  digitorum  pedis  profundus  perforans — 
f.  Ossis  metacarpi  pollicis,  Opponens  pollicis — 
f.  Perforatus  pedis,  F.  brevis  digitorum  pedis — 
f.  Sublimis,  F.  brevis  digitorum  pedis. 

Flexor  Subli'mis  Perfora'tus,  F.  Perfora- 
tus, Fiechisseur  sublime  ou  superficicl  dcs  doigts, 
Epitroklo-phalanginien  commun;  —  (Ch.)  It  is 
a  thick,  flat,  muscle,  sealed  at  the  anterior  part 
of  the  forearm.  Its  upper  extremity,  which  is 
simple,  arises  from  the  internal  condyle  of  the 
os  humeri; — from  the  coronoid  process  of  the 
ulna,  and  from  the  anterior  edge  of  the  radius. 
Its  lower  extremity  divides  into  four  tendons, 
which  slide  under  the  anterior  annular  liga- 
ment of  the  carpus,  and  are  inserted  into  the 
second  phalanges  of  the  last  four  fingers,  after 
having  been  slit  to  allow  the  tendons  of  the 
flexor  profundus  to  pass  through  them.  This 
muscle  bends  the  second  phalanges  on  the  first; 
these  on  the  carpal  bones,  and  the  hand  on  the 
forearm. 

FL1XWEED,  Sisymbrium  sophia. 
FLOCCI,  see  Villous  membranes. 
FLOCCORUM  VENATIO,  Carphologia. 
FLOCCULI,  see  Villous  membranes. 
FLORENCE,  CLIMATE  OF.     This  agree- 
able  Italian  city  is  by  no  means  a  favourable 
residence  for  the  phthisical  invalid.     Sir  James 
Clark  affirms,  indeed,  that  he  does  not  know 
any  class  of  invalids  for  whom  Florence  offers 
a  favourable  residence.     It  is  subject  to  sudden 
vicissitudes  of  temperature,  and  to  cold  piercing 
winds  durinrr  the  winter  and  spring. 

FLORES  BENZOES,  Benjamin,  flowers  of 
— f.  Boracis,  Boracic  acid — f.  Macis,  Mace— f. 
Martiales,  Ferrum  ammoniatum — f.  Salis  arn- 
moniaci  martiales,  Ferrum  ammoniatum. 

FLORIDA,  CLIMATE  OF,  see  Saint  Au- 
gustine. 

Florida,  Waters  of.  Near  Long  Lake,  in 
Florida,  United  States,  which  communicates 
with  St.  John's  River  by  a  small  creek:  there 
is  a  vast  fountain  of  hot  mineral  water,  issuing 
from  a  bank  of  the  river.  From  its  odour  it 
would  seem  to  be  sulphureous. 
FLORION,  Influenza. 

FLOS    SALIS,    Soda,    subcarbonate    of— f. 
Sanguineous    monardi,    Tropa?olum    majus — f. 
Viroinitatis.  Hymen. 
FLOUR.  POTATO,  see  Solanum  tuberosum. 
FLOWER  DE  LUCE,  Iris  Germanica. 
FLOWERS,F/orcs,(F.)F/e«w.     The  ancient 
chy  mists  gave  this  name  to  different  solid  and 
volatile  substances,  obtained    by  sublimation. 
The  term  is  not  yet  entirely  banished  from  chy- 
mical  and  medical  language,  as  Flowers  of  Ben- 
jamin, Flowers  of  Sulphur.  &c. 

Flowers, Four  Carmin'ative,  Quat'uorfiores 
carminati'ci,  were  chamomile,  dill,  feverfew,  and 
melilot. 

Flowers,  Four  Cordial,  Quat'uor  filores  cor- 
dia'les,  were  formerly,  borage,  bugloss,  roses, 
and  violets. 

Flowers,  Mcnsc3. 


FLUCTUATION 


331 


FCETAL  CIRCULATION 


FLUCTUATION,  Fluclm'tio,  from  fluctus, 
•  a  wave.'  Undula'tio,  (F.)  OndulaMon.  The 
undulation  of  a  fluid,  collected  in  any  natunil 
or  artificial  cavity,  which  is  felt  by  pressure  or 
by  percussion,  properly  practised.  In  ascites, 
the  fluctuation  is  felt  by  one  of  the  hands  being 
applied  to  one  side  of  the  abdomen,  whilst  the 
olher  side  is  struck  with  the  other  hand.  In 
abscesses,  fluctuation  is  perceived  by  pressing 
Cn  the  tumour,  with  one  or  two  fingers  alter- 
nately, on  opposite  points. 

FLUELLEN,  Antirhinum  elatine. 

FLU  ELLIN,  Veronica. 

FLUEURS,Mensea— /.Sibnc/<e.«,Leuoorrhcea. 

FLUID,  Flu'idus,  from  fluere, '  to  flow.'  The 
human  body  is  chiefly  composed  of  fluids.  If 
a  subject,  weighing  120  pounds,  be  thoroughly 
dried  in  an  oven,  the  remains  will  be  found  not 
to  weigh  more  than  12  or  13  pounds:  so  that 
the  proportion  of  fluids  to  liquids  in  the  body  is 
about  9  or  10  to  1. 

Table  of  Fluids  of  the  Human  Bodv. 

1.  Blood. 

2.  Lymph. 

f  Transpiration  of  the  mucous, 
serous,  and  synovial  mem- 
branes; oflhe  cellularmem- 

3.  Exhaled  or  brane;  of  the  adipous  cells; 
Perspiratory  <(      of    the     medullary     mem- 
brane; of  the  interior  of  the 
thyroid  gland;  the  thymus; 
suprarenal    capsules;  eye; 

^     ear;  vertebral  canal,  &c. 

f Sebaceous    humour    of    the 

skin  ;  cerumen  ;  gum  of  the 

I      eye;  mucus  of  the  mucous 

A.  Follicular       \      glands  and  follicles;  that  of 

Fluids.  the  tonsils,  of  the  glands  of 

the  cardia,  the  environs  of 

^     the  anus, of  the  prostate, &c. 

fTears;      saliva;      pancreatic 

fluid ;  bile;  culaneoustrans- 

5.   Glandular      ■{       piration;urine;of  the  glands 

Fluids.  of  Cowper;  sperm;    milk; 

fluid  of  the  testes  and  mam- 

^     ma?  of  the  new-born  child. 

Fluid,  Cepii  ilo  eachidian,  Cephalo-spinal 

fluid — f.  Cephalo  spinal,  Cephalo-spinal  fluid  — 

f*.  Cerebro-spinal.  Cephalo-spinal  fluid. 

FLUIDUM  NERVEUM,  Nervous  fluid— f. 
Cerebro-spin.ile,  Cephalo  spinal  fluid. 

FLUKE,  Distorna  hepaticum — f.  Liver,  Dis- 
toma  hepaticum. 
PT.UMEN  DYSENTERICUM,  Dysentery. 
FLUOR  ALBUS  INTE8T1NORUM,  Cceliac 
flux — f.  Albus  malignus,  Gonorrhoea  impura — 
f.  Muliebris,  Leucorrhoea — f.  Muliebris  non 
Gallicus,  Leucorrhcea. 

FLUX,  F/uzus,  Proflu'vium,  from  fluere,  '  to 
flow.'  A  discharge.  Rhysis.  In  nosology,  it 
comprises  a  series  of  affections,  the  principal 
symptom  of  which  is  the  discharge  of  a  fluid. 
Generally  it  is  employed  for  dysentery,  (q.  v.) 
Flux,  Bilious,  Fluxus  bitio'sus.  A  discharge 
of  bile,  either  by  vomiting  or  by  stool,  or  by 
both,  as  in  cholera. 

Flux,  Bloody,  Dysentery—/,  de  Bouche,  Sa- 
livation—/. Bronehifue,  Bronchorrhoea— -/.  Dy- 
aenteritfue,T)yBeBtery—f.HSpatiqtte,HepailirTh(BVL 
— /.  Muqueuz,  Catarrh— /  Muqueux  de  I'esto- 
viac,  Gastrorrhcea— /.  Muqueux  de  la  vessie,  Cys- 
tirrhcea — f.  Root,  Asclepias  tuberosa— /.  Sali- 


voire,  Salivation—/,  de  Su/tff,  Dysentery — f. 
Sebaceous,  Stearrhcea — -f.  de  Sperme,  Sperma- 
torrhoea—/, de  Sueur,  Ephidrosis — f.  Weed, 
Sysimbrium  sophia— /.  d' Urine,  Diabetes—/,  de 
Venire,  Diarrhoea. 

FLUXIO  ALBA, Leucorrhoea— f.  Arthritica, 
Gout. 

FLUXION,  Flux' io,  JJfflux'us.  A  flow  of 
blood  or  other  humour  towards  any  organ  with 
greater  force  than  natural.  A  determination. 
Thus  we  say,  in  those  disposed  to  apoplexy,  there 
is  a.  fluxion  or  determination  of  blood  to  the  head. 
FLUXION  CATARRHALE,  Catarrh— /.Sta- 
les dents,  Odontalgia. 

FLUXION  DE  POITR1NE,  (F.)  By  this 
name,  the  French  often  understand  acute  pul- 
monary catarrh,  or  pleurisy,  but  most  commonly 
peripneumony. 

I  LUX  US,  Discharge — f.  Coeliacus,  Cceliac 
flux — f.  Coeliacus  per  Renes,  Chyluria — f.  Cru- 
entus  cum  tenesmo,  Dysentery — f.  Dysenteri- 
cus,  Dysentery — f.  Hepaticus,  Hepatirrhcea,  see 
Hepateros—  f.  Lien tericus, Lie ntery — f.  Lunaris, 
Menses — f.  Matricis,  Leucorrhcea — f.  Menstru- 
alis,  Menstruation — f.  Menstruus,  Menses — f. 
Muliebris, Leucorrhoea — f.  Saliva?,  Salivation — 
f.  Venereus,  Gonorrhoea  impura. 

FLYTRAP,  Apocynum  androsffimifolium. 

FOCI  HO.  This  name  was  formerly  given 
to  the  bones  of  the  leg,  as  well  as  to  those  of 
the  forearm. 

Focilf.  Ma  jus,  Tibia—  f.  Inferius  sen  majus, 
Ulna — f.  Minus,  Fibula — f.  Minus  seu  superius, 
Radius. 

FffiMEN,  Perinaeum. 

FOZN1CULUM,  Anethum—  f.  Aquaticum, 
Phellandrium  aquaticum — f.  Erraticum,  Peuce- 
danum  silaus — f.  Porcinum,  Peucedanum— f. 
Vulcrare,  Anethum. 

FCENUGREEK,  Triffonella  fcenum. 

FCENUM  CAMELORUM,  Juncus  odoratus 
— f.  Grsecum,  Trigonella  foenum. 

FCETAB'ULUM.  An  encysted  abscess.— 
Marcus  Aurelius  Severinus. 

FGETAL,  Fmla'lis.  Relating  to  the  foetus. 
A  name,  given  to  parts  connected  with  the 
foetus.  Thus  we  say — the  fatal  surface  of  the 
placenta,  in  contradistinction  to  the  uterine  or 
maternal  surface. 

Fcetal  Circulation  differs  from  that  of 
the  adult  in  several  respects.  Commencing 
with  the  placenta,  the  foetal  blood  is  sent  from 
the  placenta,  where  it  probably  undergoes  some 
change  analogous  to  what  occurs  in  the  lungs 
in  extrauterine  existence,  by  the  umbilical  vein 
as  far  as  the  liver,  where  a  part  of  it  is  poured 
into  the  vena  porta;  the  other  proceeds  into 
the  vena  cava  inferior;  the  latter,  having  re- 
ceived the  supiahepatic  veins,  pours  its  blood 
into  the  right  auricle.  From  the  right  auricle, 
a  part  of  the  blood  is  sent  into  the  right  ventri- 
cle; the  rest  passes  directly  through  into  the 
left  auricle,  by  the  foramen  ovale.  When  the 
right  ventricle  contracts,  the  blood  is  sent  into 
the  pulmonary  artery;  but  as  the  function  of 
respiration  is  not  going  on,  no  more  blood  passes 
to  the  lungs  than  is  necessary  for  their  nutri- 
tion;  the  remainder  goes  directly  through  the 
ductus  arteriosus  into  the  aorta.  The  blood, 
received  by  the  left  auricle  from  the  lung?,  as 
well  as  that  which  passed  through  the  foramen 
ovale,  is  transmitted  into  the  left  ventricle;  by 
the  contraction  of  which  it  is  sent  into  the  aorta, 


FGETAL  HEAD 


332 


FOMENTATION  HERBS 


and  by  means  of  the  umbilical  arteries,  which 
arise  from  the  hypogastric,  it  is  returned  to  the 
placenta. 

FcetaL  Head.  The  diameters  of  this  at  the 
full  period,  are  as  follow : — 1.  The  Biparietal 
or  transverse,  extending  from  one  parietal  pro- 
tuberance to  the  other,  and  measuring  3^  inches. 
2.  The  Temporal,  from  one  temple  to  another, 
3  inches.  3.  The  Occipito- mental,  from  the  oc- 
ciput to  the  chin ;  the  greatest  of  all,  5  inches. 
4.  The  Occipiio-frontal  or  antcro-posterior,  4~ 
or  4|  inches.  5.  The  Cervicobregmatic,  from 
the  nape  of  the  neck  to  the  centre  of  the  ante- 
rior fontanelle.  6.  The  Fronto -mental,  from 
the    forehead    to   the   chin,    about   3^    inches. 

7.  The  Trachelo-bregmatic,  from  the  front  of  the 
neck    to   the    anterior    fontanelle,    3^    inches. 

8.  The  Vertical  diameter,  from  the  vertex  to  the 
base  of  the  cranium. 

FCETATION,  Pregnancy. 

FCE'TICIDE,  Fccticid'ium;  from  fcetus,  and 
cas'dere,  'to  kill.'     Criminal  abortion. 

FCETOR  ORIS,  Breath,  offensive. 

FOETUS,  Fetus,  Cye'mu,  Epicye'ma,  Epigo'- 
nion,  from  feo,  '  1  bring  forth.'  The  unborn 
child.  By  y.vr^ia,  Hippocrates  meant  the  fecun- 
dated, but  still  imperfect,  germ.  It  corresponded 
with  the  term  embryo,  as  now  used;  whilst 
tpfjovor,  '  embryo,'  signified  the  foetus  at  a  more 
advanced  stage  of  utero-gestation.  The  ma- 
jority of  anatomists  apply  to  the  germ  the  name 
embryo,  which  it  retains  until  the  third  month 


of  gestation,  and  with  some  until  the  period  of 
quickening;  whilst  fcetus  is  applied  to  it  in  its 
latter  stages.  The  terms  are,  however,  often 
used  indiscriminately.  When  the  ovule  has 
been  fecundated  in  the  ovarium,  and  remained 
there  for  some  days,  it  descends  into  the  uterus, 
with  which  it  becomes  more  or  less  connected 
by  means  of  the  placenta.  When  first  seen, 
the  fcetus  has  the  form  of  a  gelatinous  flake, 
which  some  have  compared  to  an  ant,  a  grain 
of  barley,  a  worm  curved  upon  itself,  &c.  The 
foetal  increment  is  very  rapid  in  the  first,  third, 
fourth,  and  sixth  months  of  its  formation,  and 
at  the  end  of  nine  months,  it  has  attained  its 
full  dimensions.  Generally,  there  is  but  one 
fcetus  in  utero;  sometimes,  there  are  two;  rarely 
three.  The  fcetus  presents  considerable  differ- 
ence in  its  shape,  weight,  length,  situation  in 
the  womb,  proportion  of  its  various  parts  to 
each  other,  arrangement  and  texture  of  its 
organs,  state  of  its  functions  at  different  periods 
of  gestation,  &c.  All  these  differences  are 
important  in  an  obstetrical  and  medico-legal 
point  of  view.  The  following  table  exhibits  the 
length  and  weight  of  the  foetus  at  different  pe- 
riods of  gestation,  on  the  authority  of  different 
observers.  Their  discordance  is  striking.  It 
is  proper  to  remark,  that  the  Paris  pound — Poid 
de  Marc — of  16  ounces,  contains  9216  Paris 
grains,  whilst  the  avoirdupois  contains  only 
8532.5  Paris  grains,  and  that  the  Paris  inch  is 
1.065977  English  inch. 


Beck. 

Maygrier. 

Granville. 

Beck. 

Maygrier. 

Granville. 

Length. 

1 

Weight. 

At  30  days. 

3  to  5  lines. 

10  to  12  lines. 

9  or  10  grs. 

~* 

2  months. 

2  inches. 

4  inches. 

1  inch. 

2  ounces. 

5  drachms. 

20  grains. 

3      do. 

3£     do. 

6     do. 

3  inches. 

2  to  3  do. 

2£  ounces. 

1^  ounce. 

4      do. 

5  to  6  do. 

8     do. 

4  to  5  do. 

7  or  8  do. 

5      do. 

7  to  9. 

10     do. 

!)  or  10  do. 

16          do. 

6      do. 

9  to  12. 

12     do. 

9  inches. 

1  to  2  lbs. 

2  pounds. 

1  pound. 

7      do. 

12  to  14. 

14     do. 

12     do. 

2  to  3  do. 

3     do. 

2  to  4  do. 

8      do. 

16. 

16     do. 

17     do. 

3  to  4  do. 

4     do. 

4  to  5  do. 

Fcetus  in  FffiTU,  Cryptodidymus — f.  Zephy- 
rius,  Mole. 

FOJE,  Liver—/,  d' Antimoine,  Oxidum  stibii 
sulphuretum— /.  de  Sovfrc,  PotassaB  sulphure- 
tum. 

FOLIACEUM  ORNAMENTUM,  see  Tuba 
Fallopiana. 

FOL1E,  Insanity—/,  dts  Ivrognes,  Delirium 
tremens. 

FOLLETTE,  Influenza. 

FOLLICLE,  Follic'ulus,  diminutive  of  Follis, 
a  bag.    See  Crypta. 

Follicles,  Ciliary,  Meibomius,  glands  of — 
f.  Palpebral,  Meibomius,  glands  of — f.  Synovial, 
Bursa?  mucosae. 

FOLLICULE,  Crypta— f.  Ciliaire,  Meibo- 
mius, gland  of — /.  Deniaire,  Dental  follicle—/. 
Palpebral,  Meibomius,  gland  of. 

FOLLIC'ULI  GRAAFIA'N  I,  O'vula  Graafia'- 
na,  Follicles  or  Vesicles  ofde  Graaf,  (hicapsules, 
Ovisacs.  Small  spherical  vesicles,  from  15  to 
20  in  number,  in  each  ovary,  which  are  filled 
with  an  albuminous  fluid.  They  exist  in  the 
foetus.  The  ovum— ocu/e  of  some— is  contain- 
ed in  them. 


FoLLlCULl     ROTUNDI     ET    ObLONGI     CeRVICIS 

Uteri,  Nabothi  glandulae — f.  Sanguinis,  Glo- 
bules of  the  blood — f.  Sebacei,  Sebaceous 
glands. 

FOLLICUL06E  GLAND,  Crypta. 

FOLL1CULUS,  Vulva— f.  Dentis,  Dental 
Follicle— f.  Fellis,  Gall-bladder. 

TO  FOMENT,  Fove're,  (F.)  Atuver,  Bassiner. 
To  apply  a  fomentation  to  a  part. 

FOMENTATION,  Fomcvta'tio,  Folas,  Pyu- 
ria, Titer  mas' ma,  JEone'sis,  Ferfu'sio,  Jisper'sio, 
Fomen'tum,  (quasi  fovimentum,)  from  fovere, 
'  to  bathe.'  A  sort  of  partial  bathing,  by  the 
application  of  hot  cloths,  which  have  been  pre- 
viously dipped  in  hot  water  or  in  some  medi- 
cated decoction.  They  act,  chiefly,  by  virtue 
of  their  warmth  and  moisture,  except  in  the 
case  of  the  narcotic  fomentations,  where  some 
additional  effect  is  obtained. 

A  dry  fomentation  is  a  warm,  dry  application 
to  a  part; — as  a  hot  brick,  wrapped  in  flannel; 
— a  ban,  half  filled  with  chamomile  flowers  made 
hot,  &c. 

Fomentation  Herbs,  Hcrbse  pro  fotu.  The 
herbs,  ordinarily  sold   under  this  title  by  the 


FOMENTUM 


333 


FORCEPS 


English  apothecary,  arc — southernwood,  tops  of 
sen  icorimoood, chamomile yZotoers,  each  two  parts: 
bay  leaves,  one  part.  §iijss  of  these  to  Ovj  of 
watir. 

FOM  RNTUM,  Fomentation. 

FOME8  MORBI,  Fomes  malt.  The  focus 
or  seat  of  any  disease.     (F.)  Foyer. 

Fomes  Ventmculi,  Hypochondriasis. 

FOM'ITES,  from  fomes,  'fuel,  any  tiling 
which  retains  heat.'  Enaus'ma,  Zup'yron,  travo- 
uu,  tonvQwv.  A  term,  applied  to  substances 
which  are  supposed  to  retain  contagious  efflu- 
via; as  woollen  goods,  feathers,  cotton,  &c. 

FOMCTIOjY,  function. 

FOJ\'D,  Fundus. 

FOjXD.EYT,  Solvent. 

FOXGIFORME,  Fungoid. 

FONGOl'DE.  Fungoid. 

FOXUO&lTil,  Fungosity. 

FONGVS,  Fungus. 

FONS,  Fontanella  —  f.  Medicatus,  Water, 
mineral — f.  Pulsans,  Fontanella — f.  Pulsatilis, 
Fontanella — f.  Salutarius,  Water,  mineral — f. 
Solerius,  Water,  mineral. 

FONSANGE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Fonsange  is  situate  near  Nismes  in  France. 
The  water  is  sulphuretted. 

FONTANA,  CANAL  OF.  A  canal,  of  a  tri- 
angular shape,  at  the  inner  side  of  the  ciliary 
circle;  partly  formed  by  the  groove  at  the  inner 
edova  of  the  cornea  and  sclerotica. 

FONTANEL'LA.  A  fontanel, diminutive  of 
fans,  'a  fountain.'  Fons  pulsat'ilis,  Fons  pul- 
sans, Vertex  pal' pitans,  Fons,  Bregnui,  Funlic'- 
ulus  (q,  v.)  Lucu'na,  Mould.  The  opening  of 
the  head.  A  name,  given  to  spaces  occupied  by 
a  cartilaginous  membrane,  in  the  foetus  and 
new-born  child;  and  situate  at  the  union  of  the 
angles  of  the  bones  of  the  cranium.  There  are 
six  fontanels.  ].  The  great  or  sincipital  or 
anterior,  situate  at  the  junction  of  the  sagittal 
and  coronal  sutures.  2.  The  small  or  bregmatie 
or  posterior,  situate  at  the  part  where  the  pos- 
terior and  superior  angles  of  the  parietal  bones 
unite  with  the  upper  part  of  the  os  occipitis. 
3.  The  two  sphenoidal,  in  the  temporal  fossa?; 
and,  4.  The  two  mastoid,  or  of  Casserius,  at  the 
union  of  the  parietal,  occipital,  and  temporal 
bones. 

PONTES,  see  Fons — f.  Medicali  plumbarii, 
Plombieres,  Mineral  waters  of — f.  Sulphurei 
calidi,  Waters,  mineral,  sulphureous. 

FOXT1CVLE  a  POfS,  see  Fonticulus. 

FONTIC'ULUS,  Fontanella,  (F.)  Fontkulc, 
Caulere.  A  small  ulcer  produced  by  art,  either 
by  the  aid  of  caustics  or  of  cutting  instruments; 
the  discharge  from  which  is  kept  up  with  a  view 
of  fulfilling  certain  therapeutical  indications. 
The  Pea.  issue,  (F.)  Fonticule  a  pois,  is  kept  up 
by  means  of  a  pea  placed  in  it.  This  pea,  (F.) 
Pais  a  couth e,  is  sometimes  formed  of  wax;  at 
others,  the  young,  blasted  fruit  of  the  orange  is 
employed.  The  common  dried  garden  pea  an- 
swers  every    purpose.     The   seton   is    also  an 

issue. 

.  FOOL'S  STONES,  MALE,  Orchis  mascula. 

FOOT, Pes— f.  Plat,  see  Kyllosis—f.  Griffon's, 
Gryphius  pes. 

FORA'MEN,  Trema,  from  for o,  '1  pierce.' 
Aulas,  (F.)  Trmt.  Any  cavity,  pierced  through 
and  through.     Also,  the  orifice  of  a  canal. 

Foramen  Alveola  re  Anterius,  see  Palatine 
canals — f.  Alvcolare  posterius,  see  Palatine  ca- 


nals— f.  Amplum  pelvis,  Obturaloriutn  foramen 
— f.  Aquaiductus  Fallopii,  F.  stylomastoideum— 
f.  Auditorium  externum,  see  Auditory  canal, 
external — f.  Auditorium  internum,  see  Auditory 
canal,  internal — f.  Caecum  ossis  max  i  liar  is  su- 
perioris,  see  Palatine  canals — f.  Carotid,  see 
Carotica  foramina. 

Fora'men  Centra'i.e  et  Limbus  Lu'teus 
Ret'in^e;  the  central  foramen  and  yellow  spot 
of  the  retina;  discovered  by  Sommering.  Mac'- 
vlalu'lea.  (F.)  Tachejaune.  It  is  situate  about 
two  lines  to  the  outside  of  the  optic  nerve,  and 
in  the  direction  of  the  axis  of  the  eyes. 

Foramen  Commune  Anterius,  Vulva — f. 
Commune  posterius,  see  Anus — f.  Condyloid, 
see  Condyloid — f.  Conjugationis,  see  Conjuga- 
tion— f.  Ethmoideum,  Orbitar  foramen,  inter- 
nal—f.  Incisivum,  see  Palatine  canals — f.  Infra- 
orbilariutn,see  Suborbitar  canal — f.  Infrapubia- 
nuin,  Obturatorium  foramen — f.  Jugulare,  La- 
cerum  posterius  foramen — f.  Lacerum  in  basi 
cranii,  Lacerum  posterius  foramen — f.  Lacerum 
inferius,  Sphenomaxillary  fissure — f.  Lacerum 
superius,  Sphenoidal  fissure — f.  Oculi,  Pupil — 
f.  Oodes,  Ovale  foramen — f.  Orbitarium  inter- 
num, Orbitar  foramen,  internal — f.  Orbitarium 
superius,  Orbitar  foramen,  superior,  F.  supra- 
orbitarium — f.  Ovale,  Botal  foramen,  Obturato- 
rium foramen,  Ovale  foramen — f.  Palatinum 
anterius,  see  Palatine  canals — f.  Palatinum  pos- 
terius, see  Palatine  canals — f.  Palato-maxillare, 
see  Palatine  canals — f.  Spheno-spinosum,  Spi- 
nale  foramen — f.  Thyroideum,  Obturatorium 
foramen — f.  of  Winslow,  Hiatus  of  Winslow. 

FORCE,  from  fortis,  'strong.'  Vis,  Poten'- 
lia,  Encrgi'a,  Dy'namis,  Cratos.  Any  power 
which  produces  an  action.  Those  powers 
which  are  inherent  to  organization,  are  called 
vital  forces.  We  say,  also,  organic  forces,  and 
muscular  forces,  to  designate  that  of  the  organs 
in  general,  or  of  the  muscles  in  particular.  To 
the  latter  the  word  Dynamis,  Svvap.it;,  corre- 
sponds; and  the  absence  of  this  force  is  termed 
adynamia.  The  vital  forces  have  to  be  studied 
carefully  by  the  pathologist.  The  doctrine  of 
diseases  is  greatly  dependent  on  their  augmen- 
tation or  diminution;  freedom  or  oppression, 
&c. 

FoncE  of  Assimilation,  Plastic  force--f.  Ca- 
talytic, see  Catalysis— f.  of  Nutrition,  Plastic 
force. 

FORCE-REAL,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
The  name  of  a  mountain,  situate  four  leagues 
from  Perpignan  in  France.  The  water  is  cha- 
lybeate. 

FORCEPS,  quasi,  ferriceps,  from  ferrum, 
'iron,'  and  capio,  'I  take.'  Pincers,  Labis, 
Zaftig,  Volsel'la.  An  instrument  for  removing 
bodies,  which  it  would  be  inconvenient  or  im- 
practicable to  seize  with  the  fingers.  (F.)  Pinces, 
Pincelles.  There  are  various  kinds  of  forceps, 
— 1.  The  ordinary  kind,  contained  in  every 
dressing-case,  for  removing  the  lint,  &c.  from 
wounds  or  ulcers.  (F.)  Pmces  a.  anneaux.  2. 
The  Dissecting  or  Lig'ature  ox  Arte! rial  Forceps, 
(F.)  Places  a  dissection,  P.  a  ligature,  to  lay 
hold  of  delicate  parts.  3.  Pol'ijpus  Forceps, 
Tooth  Forceps,  Forceps  of  Museux,  for  laying 
hold  of  the  tonsils  or  other  parts  to  be  removed. 
The  Bullet  Forceps,  Strombul' cus,  (P.)  Tire- 
balle,  &c.  The  Lithot'omy  Forceps,  Lithol'abon, 
Tciidc'tilu,  Volsel'la.  which  resembles  the  Cra- 
niotomy Forceps,  (F.)  Teneltes. 


FOREARM 


334 


FOSSE TTE 


Forceps  is  also  an  instrument  used  by  obstet- 
rical practitioners  to  embrace  the  head,  and 
bring  it  through  the  pelvis.  It  consists  of  two 
branches,  blades  or  levers;  one  of  which,  in  the 
case  of  the  short  forceps,  is  passed  over  the  ear 
of  the  child,  and  the  other  opposite  to  the  for- 
mer, so  that  the  blades  may  lock.  When  the 
head  is  securely  included  between  the  blades, 
the  operation  of  extraction  can  be  commenced. 
See  Parturition. 

FOREARM,  Pars  infe'rior  bra'chii,  Cu'biius, 
(F.)  A cant-bras.  The  part  of  the  upper  extre- 
mity, comprised  between  the  arm  and  the  band. 
It  is  composed  of  two  bones — radius  and  ulna 
— and  20  muscles. 

FOREHEAD,  Front. 

FORElNSIC  ANATOMY,  see  Anatomy— f. 
Medicine,  Medicine,  legal. 

FORESKIN,  Prepuce. 

FORFEX,  Scissors— f.  Dentaria,  Dentagra. 

FORGES,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Forges  is  situate  four  leagues  from  Gournay, 
in  the  department  of  Seine  Inferieure,  France. 
There  are  three  springs,  which  are  acidulous 
chalybeates.  They  are  called  Royal,  Reinette, 
and  Cardinal,  in  honour  of  Louis  XIII.,  Queen 
Anne  of  Austria,  and  Cardinal  Richelieu,  who 
used  them. 

FORMFCA,  Myrmex,  the  ant  or  pismire,  (F.) 
Four  mi.  It  contains  an  acid  juice  and  gross 
oil,  which  were  formerly  extolled  as  aphrodi- 
siacs. The  chrysalides  of  the  animal  are  said 
to  be  diuretic  and  carminative;  and  have  been 
used  in  dropsy.  2.  Also,  the  name  of  a  black 
wart  with  a  broad  base  and  cleft  surface;  so 
called  because  the  pain  attending  it  resembles 
the  biting  of  an  ant,  fivQuvxia,  myrmefcia. — 
Forestus.  3.  A  varicose  tumour  on  the  anus 
and  glans  penis.     4.  Also,  any  miliary  herpes. 

Formica  Ambulatoria,  Herpes  circinatus — 
f.  Corrosive,  Herpes  exedens. 

FOR.MTCANT,  Myrme'cizon,  Formi'cans, 
from  formica,  'an  ant.'  (F.)  Fourmillcnt.  An 
epithet,  giv'en  to  the  pulse  when  extremely 
small,  scarcely  perceptible,  unequal,  and  com- 
municating a  sensation  like  that  of  the  motion 
of  an  ant  through  a  thin  texture. 

FORMICA'TION,  Formicdtio,  Myrmecias'- 
mos,  Myrmeci' asis .  Same  etymon.  (F.)  Fovr- 
millemcnt.  A  pain,  compared  with  that,  which 
would  be  caused  by  a  number  of  ants  creeping 
on  a  part. 

FOR'MULA,  from  forma,  'a  form,'  (F.)  For- 
mula, Ordonnance.  The  receipt  for  the  forma- 
tion of  a  compound  medicine;  a  prescription. 

FORM'ULARY,  Formulofrium,  Codex  medi- 
camenta'rius.  A  collection  of  medical  formulas 
or  receipts. 

FORMULE,  Prescription. 

FORMYL,  PERCHLORIDE  OF,  Chloro- 
form. 

FORNIX,  (!an  arch  or  vault,')  Cam'era, 
Fornix  tri/at'erus,  Psalis,  Tcstu'do,  Areas  me- 
dulla'ris,  (F.)  Trigone  cerebral — (Ch  ,)  Voute  a 
trois  piliers,  Triangle  Medulla  ire.  A  medullary 
body,  observed  in  the  brain,  below  the  corpus 
callosum  and  above  the  middle  ventricle,  on  the 
median  line.  This  body,  which  is  curved  upon 
itself,  terminates  anteriorly  by  a  prolongation, 
which  constitutes  its  anterior  pillar  or  cms,  (F.) 
Pilier  ante'rieur,  and  posteriori)'  by  two  similar 
prolongations,  called  posterior  pillars  or  crura. 
See  Achicolum,  and  Vault. 


FORPEX,  Scissors. 

FORTIFIANT,  Corroborant,  Tonic. 

PORTRAITURE,  Hysteralgia. 

FOSSA,  from  fodio,  'I  dig,'  Scamnih.    A  ca- 

vit.yof  greater  or  less  depth,  the  entrance  to 
which  is  always  larger  than  the  base.  The  fos- 
sae of  bones  have  been  called  simple,  when  they 
belong  to  one  bone  only,  as  the  parietal  fossa'; 
and  compound,  (F.)  Posses  composees,  when 
several  concur  in  their  formation,  as  the  orbitar 
fossiB,  temporal  fossa;,  &c. 

Fossa  Amvnt£:.  A  kind  of  bandage,  used  in 
fractures  of  the  nose;  so  called  by  Galen  fron; 
Amynlas  of  Rhodes,  its  inventor.  It  consisted 
of  a  long  band,  applied  round  the  head,  the 
turns  of  which  crossed  at  the  root  of  the  nose. 

Fossa  Ceuebel'i.i,  (F.)  Fosse  eerebtlleusc. 
The  inferior  occipital  fossa,  which  lodges  the 
corresponding  portion  of  the  cerebellum. 

Fossje  Cf.iiebra'les,  Cerebral  fossa.  Fossa: 
or  excavations  at  the  base  of  the  cranium. 
They  are  nine  in  number;  three  occupy  the 
median  line,  and  three  are  placed  at  each  side. 
They  are  distinguished  into  anterior,  middle, 
and  posterior. 

Fossa  Corona'lis,  Coro'nal  or  frontal  fossa. 
A  depression  on  the  orbitar  plate  of  the  frontal 
or  coronal  bone,  which  supports  the  anterior 
lobe  of  the  brain. 

Fossa  Coronoidf.a,  Coronoid  fossa.  A  ca- 
vity before  the  inferior  extremity  of  the  hume- 
rus, in  which  the  coronoid  process  of  the  ulna 
is  engaged  during  the  flexion  of  the  forearm. 

Fossa  Cotvloiuea,  see  Cotyloid. 

Fossa  Ethmoida-'lis,  Ethmoid  fossa.  A  shal- 
low gutter  on  the  upper  surface  of  the  cribri- 
form plate  of  the  ethmoid  bone,  on  which  is 
lodged  the  expanded  portion  of  the  olfactory- 
nerve. 

Fossa  Guttura'lis,  Guttural  fossa.  The 
depression  which  forms  the  guttural  region  of 
the  base  of  the  cranium,  between  the  foramen 
magnum  and  posterior  nares. 

Fossa  Hvaloidea,  see  Hyaloid  (Fossa)— f. 
Magna  Mu'liebris,  Vulva. 

Fossa  OcciriT.v'Lis,  Occip'ital fossa.  The  oc- 
cipital foss;e  are  four  in  number;  1he  superior 
or  cerebral,  and  the  inferior  or  cerebellous.  They 
are  separated  by  a  groove,  which  lodges  the 
lateral  sinus. 

Fossa  Palatina,  Palate — f.  Pituilaria,  Sella 
Turcica — f.  Scaphoides,  Naviculars  fossa — f. 
Supra-sphenoidalis,  Pitnitaria  fossa — f.  of  Syl- 
vius, Ventricle,  fifth — f.  Magna  Sylvii,  Fissuia 
Sylvii — f.  Umbilicalis,  see  Liver. 

Fossa  Poplite'a.  PopEte'al  fossa.  The  hol- 
low of  the  ham  or  the  popliteal  region. 

POSSE  BASILA!RE,~Bas\hry  fossa—, 
epineuse,   lnfra-spinata  fossa—/.  Sus-ipineuse, 
Fossa  supra-spinata. 

FOSSES  CONDYLOID! ENNES,  Condy- 
loidea  foramina — /.  Nasales,  (Ouvertures poste- 
rieurcs  dcs.)  Nares  posterior. 

FOSSETTE,  (F.)  Diminutive  of  fossa,  Sp* 
bic'ulus,  Bothrion.  Several  depressions  are  so 
called.  A  dimpled  chin,  Fossette  du  menton, 
consists  in  a  slight  depression,  which  certain 
persons  have  on  the  chin.  2  A  dimple  of  the 
clink,  (F.)  Fossette  des  joues,  a  depression 
which  occurs  on  the  cheeks  of  certain  peisnos 
when  they  laugh,  (F.)' Po  ssrtlc  dirouir,  Scro- 
bic'ulus  cordis,  Jlnticardion,  Praccor' dium.    The 


FOSHETTE  AA'GULAIRE,SfC. 


335 


FRAGMENTS,  PRECIOUS 


depression  observed  on  a  level  with  the  xiphoid 
cattilageat  the  anterior  and  inferior  partot  the 
chest.  It  is,  also,  called  pit  of  the  stomach,  (F.) 
Creux  de  Cestomae. 

FOSSETTE  AKGVLAIRE  DU  Q.UAT- 
RlkME  VEA'TRICULE,  Calamus  scriptorius 
— /.  du  Caur,  Scrobiculug  cordis. 

Fossettk,  Fos'sula,  .'Junius,  Bothrium,  is  also 
a  small  ulcer  of  the  transparent  cornea,  the 
centre  of  which  is  deep. 

FOSSOR1UM,  Fleam. 

FOSSULA,  Argema,  Fossette. 

FOTUS,  Fomentation — f.  Communis, Decoc- 
tnm  pa  pavci  is. 

FOUGkRE  FEMELLE,  Asplenium  filix  foe- 
mina,  Pteris aquilina— f.  Giunde, Pteris  aquilina 
— ■/.  Male,  Poly  podium  filix  mas. 

FOULURE,  Sprain. 

FOURCHE,  (F.)  from  fourchi,  'cleft,'  from 
furca,  'a  fork.'  Aposte'ma  P/ialan'gum.  A 
French  provincial  term,  for  small  abscesses, 
which  form  on  the  fingers  and  hands  of  work- 
ing people.  Also,  an  instrument,  invented  by 
M.  J.  I..  Petit  for  compressing  the  ranine  artery, 
in  cases  of  hemori  hage  from  iliat  vessel. 

FOURCHETTE,Furcil'la,  a  little  fork,  Fur'- 
cula.  A  surgical  instrument  used  for  raising 
and  supporting  the  tongue,  during  the  opera- 
tion of  dividing  the  franium. 

Fourcfiette,  in  anatomy,  is,  1.  The  posterior 
commissure  of  the  labia  majora,  called  also, 
Frsenum  and  Fur'cula.  2.  The  cartilago  ensi- 
forniis  :  so  called  from  its  being  sometimes  cleft 
like  a  fork. 

FOURMI,  Formica. 

FOVRMILLLANT,  Formicant. 

F0URM1LLEMENT,  Formication. 

FO'VEA,  from  fodio,  'I  dig.'  Bothras.  A 
•slight  depression;  the  pudendum  muliebrc;  see 
Vulva.  Also,  the  fossa  navicularis.  A  vapour 
bath  for  the  lower  extremities. 

Fovea  Axillaris,  Axilla — f.  Lacrymalis,  La- 
chrymal fossa. 

FOXBFRRY,  Arbutus  uva  ursi. 

FOXGLOVE,  Digitalis. 

FOYER,  Fomes  morbi. 

FRACTURE.  Fractu'ra,  from  frangere,fr  ac- 
tum, 'to  break,'  'bruise,'  Catug'ma,  Catag'ma 
Fractu'ra,  Cataxfis,  Clasis,  Ctasma,  Agme,  Di- 
a/rkagS.  A  solution  of  continuity  in  a  bone. 
A  simple  fracture  is  when  the  bone  only  is  di- 
vided. A  compound  fracture  is  a  division  of 
the  bone  with  a  wound  of  the  integuments 
communicating  with  the  bono, — the  bone,  in- 
deed, generally  protruding.  In  a  comminuted 
fracture,  Alphite'don,  alqtrtjSov,  Carye'don  Ca- 
i'l'/nia,  xaQvrjSov  y.xrzyita.,  the  bone  is  broken 
into  several  pieces;  and  in  a  complicated  frac- 
ture there  is,  in  addition  to  the  injury  done  to 
the  bone,  a  lesion  of  some  considerable  vessel, 
nervous  trunk.  &c.  Fractures  are  also  termed 
transverse,  oblique,  &.C.,  according  to  their  di- 
rection. The  treatment  of  fractures  consists, 
in  general,  in  reducing  the  fragments  when 
displaced;  maintaining  them  when  reduced; 
preventing  the  symptoms,  which  maybe  likely 
to  arise;  and  combating  them  when  they  oc- 
cur. The  reduction  of  fractures  must  be  ope- 
rated by  extension,  counter-extension,  and  co- 
aptation. (See  these  words.)  The  parts  are 
kept  in  apposition  by  position,  rest,  and  an  ap- 
propriate apparatus.  The  position  must  vary 
according  to  the  kind  of  fracture.     Commonly 


the  fractured  limb  is  placed  on  a  horizontal  or 
slightly  inclined  plane,  in  a  state  of  extension; 
or  rather  in  a  middle  state  between  extension 
and  flexion,  according  to  the  case. 

FRACTURE  EN  HAVE,  Raphanedon. 

FRACTURES  PAR  RESONNAJYCE,  see 
Contrafissura. 

FR.ENA  MORGAGN1I,  F.  of  the  valve  of 
Bauhin, 

FRENULUM,  Frsenum,  Bride — f.  Clitoridis, 
Frsenum  clitoridis — f.  Novum,  Taenia  semicir- 
cularis. 

FJLENUM,  Fee' nam:  (F.)  Frein,  a  bridle. 
Frenulum,  FileHlum,  FiLamen'tum.  A  small 
bridle.  A  bridle.  Names  given  to  several 
membranous  folds,  which  bridle  and  retain  cer- 
tain organs 

FkjelNUM  Glandis,  F.  Penis. 

Frjexum  or  Frjen'ulum  Clitou'idis.  (F.) 
Frein  du  Clitoris.  A  slight  duplicative  formed 
by  the  union  of  the  internal  portions  of  the 
upper  extremity  of  the  nymphs. 

Fk/enu.u  Labio'rcm,  (F.)  Fiein  des  levres. 
There  are  two  of  these;  one  for  the  upper,  the 
other  for  the  lower  lip.  They  unite  these  parts 
to  the  maxillary  bone,  and  are  formed  bj'  the 
mucous  membrane  of  the  mouth. 

Fht.num  or  Frjen'ulum  Lingua,  (F.)  Filet 
ou  Frein  de  la  langue,  is  a  triangular  reflection, 
formedby  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  mouth,  and 
situate  between  the  inferior  paries  of  that  cavity 
and  the  inferior  surface  of  the  tongue.  When 
the  froenum  extends  as  far  as  the  extremity  of 
the  tongue,  it  cramps  its  movements,  interferes 
with  sucking,  &c.  This  inconvenience  is  re- 
medied by  carefully  snipping  it  with  a  pair 
of  scissors.  The  French  call  this,  I  operation 
du  filet. 

Fh.v.num  Penis,  F.  Prscpu'tii,  F.  Glnndis,  Cy- 
nodesfmion,  (F.)  Filet  ou  Frein  de  la  verge,  is 
a  membranous  reflection  which  fixes  the  pre- 
puce to  the  lower  part  of  the  glans.  When  too 
short,  it  prevents  the  prepuce  from  sliding  over 
the  glans. 

FkjENum  Ph^eputh,  F.  Penis. 

Fr^na  of  the  Valve  ok  Bauhin.  (F.)  Freins 
de  la  valvule  de  Bauhin.  A  name  given  by  Mor- 
gagni  to  the  projecting  lines  formed  by  the 
junction  of  the  extremities  of  the  two  lips  of  the 
ileo-ccecal  valve.  They  are  also  called  Frana 
and  Retinacula  Morgagnii. 

FRAGA'RIA,  from  fragro,  'I  smell  sweetly.' 
The  Strawberry,  Fraga'ria  vesca,  Chomx'batos, 
(F.)  Fraisier.  The  fruit  is  agreeable  and  whole- 
some, and  the  roots  have  been  used  as  tonic 
and  slightly  diuretic.  The  fruit  is  the  Fragum , 
M/uttQov,  of  the  ancients.    (F.)  Praise. 

Fragaria  Vesca,  Fragaria. 

FRAGILE  VITREUM,  Fra<rilitas  ossium. 

FRA GILTTAS  OS'SI UM,  Osteopsathyrosis, 
Brit'tleness  of  the.  bones,  Friabil'ity  of  the  bones, 
Paros'tia  frag"  His,  Frag"ile~  vit'reurn,  Patholo- 
gists have  given  this  name  to  the  extreme  fa- 
cility with  which  bones  break  in  certain  dis- 
eases of  the  osseous  texture.  It  is  owing  to  a 
deficiency  of  the  animal  matter. 

FRAGMENT,  Fragmen'tum,  Frogmen,  Ra- 
m,  from  frangcre, '  to  break.'  The  French 
use  this  term  for  the  two  portions  of  a  fractured 
bone;  thus,  they  speak  of  the  superior  and  infe- 
rior fragment. 

Fragments,  Precious.  A  name  formerly 
given,  in  Pharmacy,  to  the    garnet,  hyacinth, 


FRAG ON 


336 


FRICTION 


emerald,  sapphire  and  topaz.  The  Arabs  falsely 
attributed  to  them  cordial  and  alixitcrial  pro- 
perties. 

FRAGOJY,  Ruscus. 

FRAGUM,  see  Fragaria. 

FRAISE,  see  Fragaria. 

FRAISIER,  Fragaria. 

FRAMBCE'SIA,  from  Framboise,  (F.)  A  rasp- 
berry, Syph'ilisln'dica,  Anthra'cia  ru'bula.  Thy- 
mio'sis,  Lues  In'dica,  Vari'ola  Amboinen'sis,  Le- 
pra fungifera.  The  Yates,  Epiun,  Plan.  A 
disease  of  the  Antilles  and  of  Africa;  character- 
ized by  tumours,  of  a  contagious  character, 
which  resemble  strawberries,  raspberries,  or 
champignons;  ulcerate,  and  are  accompanied 
by  emaciation.  The  Pian,  for  so  the  Indians 
call  it,  differs  somewhat  in  America  and  Africa. 

Pian  of  Amer'ica,  Framba'sia  America'na, 
Anthra'cia  Ru'bula  Americana,  occurs  under 
similar  circumstances  with  the  next,  and  seems 
to  be  transmitted  by  copulation.  The  tumours 
have  a  similar  form,  and  are  greater  in  propor- 
tion to  their  paucity.  In  some  cases  they  are 
mixed  with  ulcers. 

Pian  of  Guinea,  Frarnba'sia  Guineen'sis,  An- 
thra'cia Ru'bula  Guineen'sis,  is  common  amongst 
the  negroes,  especially  in  childhood  and  youth. 
It  begins  by  small  spots,  which  appear  on  dif- 
ferent parts,  and  especially  on  the  organs  of 
o-eneration  and  around  the  anus  ;  these  spots 
disappear,  and  are  transformed  into  an  eschar, 
to  which  an  excrescence  succeeds,  that  grows 
slowly,  and  has  the  shape  above  described. 

The  treatment  is  nearly  the  same  in  the  two 
varieties.  The  tumours  will  yield  to  mercurial 
friction,  when  small.  When  lars>e,  they  must 
be  destroyed  by  caustic.  In  both  cases,  mer- 
cury must  be  given  to  prevent  a  recurrence. 

An  endemic  disease  resembling  yaws  was 
observed  in  the  Feejee  Islands  by  the  medi- 
cal officers  of  the  United  States'  Exploring  Ex- 
pedition.    It  is  called  by  the  natives  Dthoke. 

Fkambcesia  Ili.yrica,  Scherlievo— f.Scotica, 
Sibbens. 

FRAMBOISE.  Rubus  idsus. 

FRANCOLIN,  Attagen. 

FRANGES  SYJS'O  MALES,  Synovia!  glands. 

FRANGULA  ALNUS,  Rhamnus  frangula. 

FRANKINCENSE,  COMMON,  see  Pinus 
abies— f.  True,  Juniperus  lycia. 

FRANZENSBAD,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  A  celebrated  water  at  Etjer  in  Bohemia, 
which  contains  sulphate  of  soda,  caibonate  of 
iron,  and  carbonic  acid  gas.  The  springs  are 
also  called  Franzensbrunnen 

FRASERA  CAROLINIENSIS,  see  Calumba 
— f.  Officinalis,  see  Calumba — f.  Walteri,  see 
Calumba. 

FRATERNITAS,  Adelphixia. 

FRATRATIU,  Adelphixia. 

FRAX1NELLA,  WHITE,  Diclamnus  al- 
bas. 

FRAX'INUS  EXCEL'SIOR.  The  syste- 
matic name  of  the  Ash  tree,  Frax'inus,  Ornus 
seu  Fraxinus  sylres'tris,  Burnt!  Ua  sen  Mace- 
don'ica  Fraxinus,  Bumelia.  Ord.  Oleinea?.  (F.) 
Frene.  The  fresh  bark  has  a  moderately  strong, 
bitterish  taste.  It  lias  been  said  to  possess  re- 
solvent and  diuretic  qualities,  and  has  been 
eiven  in  intermittents.  The  seeds,  called 
Birds'  tongues,  Linguae  axis,  Ornilhaglosl 'see, 
have  been  exhibited  as  diuretics,  in  the  dose  of 


a  drachm.    Its  sap  has  been  extolled  against 
deafness. 

Fraxinus  Macedonmca,  F.  Excelsior. 
Fiiaxinus  Oknus,  Fraxinus  Melia.  The  sys- 
tematic name  of  the  tree  whence  manna  Hows. 
This  substance  is  also  called  Manna  Calabri'na, 
Ros  Culubri'nvs,  Aerom'eli,  Drosoni'elt,  JJry- 
som'eli,  Mel  at'rium.  In  Sicily,  not  only  the 
Fraxinus  Ornus,  but  also  the  rotundifolia  and 
excelsior  are  regularly  cultivated  for  the  pur- 
pose of  procuring  manna,  which  is  their  con- 
densed  juice.  In  the  Ph.  U.  S.  it  is  assigned  to 
the  Ornus  Europaea.  Manna  is  inodorous,  sweet- 
ish, with  a  very  slight  degree  of  bitterness;  in 
friable  flakes,  of  a  whitish  or  pale  yellow  colour; 
opaque,  and  soluble  in  water  and  alcohol.  It  is 
a  laxative,  and  is  used  as  a  purgative  for  chil- 
dren, who  take  it  readily  on  account  of  its 
sweetness.  More  generally,  it  is  employed  as 
an  adjunct  to  other  purgatives.  Dose,  ^ss  to 
?ij.  Its  immediate  principle  is  called  Munnite 
or  Mannin.  This  has  been  recommended  by 
Magendie  as  a  substitute  for  manna.  Oose,  31J 
for  children 

Fbaxinijs  Rotundifolia,  F.  ornus. 
FRAYEVR  JSOCTURNE,  Fanophobia. 
FRECKLES,  Ephelides. 
FRELY,   Fraenum— /.    du   Clitoris,   Framum 
clitoridis— /.  ele  la  Languc,  Frasnum  lingua?—/. 
des  Levies,  Fiamum  laborium— -f.  de  la  Verge, 
Frxnum  penis. 

FREWS  DE  LA  VALVULE  DE  BAUillN, 
Fricnum  linguae. 

FRE1NWALDE,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  These  springs  are  in  Brandenburg, twelve 
leagues  from  Berlin.  They  contain  chloride  of 
sodium,  sulphate  of  magnesia,  muriate  of  mag- 
nesia, sulphate  of  lime,  carbonates  of  lime  and 
magnesia,  iron,  &c,  and  are  used  in  asthenic 
diseases. 

FR&MISSEMENT,  Shuddering. 
FREMIS8EMEJYT  C  ATA  I RE,  (F.)  'Cat's 
purr.'  Laennec  has  given  this  name  to  the 
agitation  which  is  sensible  to  the  hand,  when 
applied  on  the  piaecordial  region,  and  which  he 
considers  a  sign  of  ossification  or  other  con- 
traction of  the  auriculo-ventricular  openings. 
This  name  was  chosen  by  him  from  the  analogy 
of  the  sounds  to  the  purring  of  a  cat. 

FREMTTUS,  Bruissement,  Fremisscment, 
Shuddering. 

The   Pec' tor al  or  Vocal  Fremitus  or   Pectoral 
Vibra'tian  is  an  obscure  diffused  fremitus, owing 
to  the  resonance  of  the  voice,  which  is  felt  when 
the  hand  is  applied  to  the  chest. 
FRENA,  Alveolus. 

FRENE,    Fraxinus    excelsior—/.    Epincvx, 
Xanlhoxylum  clava  Herculis. 
FRENUM,  Fran  urn. 
FRET.  Herpes 
FR/ITILLEMEjYT,  Fidgets. 
FRICATIO,  Friction. 
FRIHATORIUM,  Liniment. 
FKICE,  Fricum,  Fria/nium.     Any  medicine 
which  the  ancients  employed  under  the  form 
of  friction      They  distinguished  the   Fricesic- 
cu/ii  and  F.  molle — Gaubius. 
FRICONIUM,  Frice. 
FR1CTA.  Colophon ia. 

FRICTION,  Frietio,  Fiica'lin,  Anat'ribg, 
Anatrip'sis,  Tn/psis,  from  fricare,  'to  rub' 
The  action  of  rubbing  a  part  of  the  surface  of 
the  body   with    more   or   less  force,  with   the 


FRICTION  SOUND 


337 


FRONTAL  FURROW 


hands,  a  brush,  flannel,  &c,  constituting  Xero- 
trif/ia,  Frica'tiu  sicca,  or  dry  friction ,■  or  with 
ointments,  liniments,  tinctures,  ivc,  consti- 
tuting moist  friction.  It  is  a  useful  means  for 
exciting  the  activity  of  the  vital  properties  of 
the  skin. 

Friction  Sound,  Bruit  de  froltemcnt. 

FRICTRIX,  Tribade. 

FRICTUM,  Liniment. 

FRIOUM,  Frice. 

FRIGIDAR1UM,  Bath,  cold. 

FRIGID  1TY,  Frigid'itus,  from  frigidum, 
'cold.'  A  sensation  of  cold.  Also,  impotence, 
and  sterility.  Frigidity  of  the  stomach  is  a 
state  of  debility  of  that  organ,  imputed  to 
excessive  venery, — the  Anorexia  exhausto'riim 
of  Sau  vages. 

FRIGORIF'IC,  from  frigus,  'cold,'  and  fio, 
'  I  make.'  That  which  has  the  power  of  pro- 
ducing cold.  The  best  Frioorific  Mixtures 
are  the  following.  Their  effects  are  owing  to 
the  rapid  absorption  of  heat  when  solids  pass 
into  the  liquid  state. 


Frigorieic  Mixtures  with 

Mixtures. 
Snow,   or    pounded   ice,    two 
parts  by  weight; 

Muriate  of  Soda, 1 . 

Snow  or  pounded  ice 5. 

Muriate  of  Soda, 2. 

Mur.  of  Ammonia, 1. 

Snow  or  pounded  ice, 24.    }■ 

Muriate  of  Soda, 10 

Muriate  of  Ammonia, 5 

iNitrate  of  Potash, 5 

Snow  or  pounded  ice, 12 

Muriate  of  Soda, 5. 

Nitrate  of  Ammonia, 5.  j 

Dilut.  Sulph.  Acid, 2    ) 

Snow 3.  5 

Concentr.  Mur.  Acid, 5.  } 

Snow. fcj.   $ 

Concentr.  Nitrous  Acid, 4.   ) 

Snow, 7.  5 

Muriate  of  Lime, 5. 

Snow, 4. 

Crystall.  Mur.  of  Lime 3.  } 

Snow, 2    5 


Fused  Potash, 4 

Snow, 


±] 


Snow. 

Therm,  fulls. 
f  . 


to— 12° 


to— 180 


to— 25° 

from +32° 

to— 26° 
from-f-320 

to— 27° 
from4-32° 

to— 30° 
from+320 

to— 40° 
from +  32° 

to—  50° 
from -f-32° 

to— 51° 


Frioforific  Mixtures  may  also  be  made  by  the 
rapid  solution  of  salts,  without  the  use  of  snow 
or  ice.  The  salts  must  be  finely  powdered  and 
dry. 


Frigobific  Mixtures  with 

Mixtures. 

Mur.  of  Ammonia, 5. 

Nitrate  of  Potash, 5. 

Water, 16. 

Mur.  of  Ammonia, .r>. 

Nitrate  of  Potash, 5. 

Sulphate  of  Soda, 8. 

Water, 16. 

Nitrate  of  Ammonia, 1. 

Water, 1. 

Nitrate  of  Ammonia, I . 

Carbonate  of  Soda, 1. 

Water, 1. 

Sulphate  of  Soda, 3. 

Dilut.  Nitrous  Acid, 2. 


out  Snow. 
Therm,  falls. 

from -f  50° 
to— 10° 

from-foO0 

to + io° 


from+50° 
to-f   4° 

from -f50° 
to—  7o 

from + 50° 
to—  3= 


Mixtures. 

Sulphate  of  Soda,.. (i. 

Mur.  of  Ammonia, 4. 

Nitrate  of  Potash, 2. 

Dilut.  Nitrous  Acid, 4. 

Sulphate  of  Soda, (i 

Nitrate  of  Ammonia, 5 

Dilut.  Nitrous  Acid, 4. 

Phosphate  of  Soda, 1). 

Dilut.  Nitrous  Acid, 4. 

Phosphate  of  Soda, !). 

Nitrate  of  Ammonia 6 

Dilut.  Nitrous  Acid, 4. 

Sulphate  of  Soda, 8. 

Muriatic  Acid, 5. 

Sulphate  of  Soda, 5. 

Dilut.  Sulphuric  Acid, 4. 


Therm,  falls. 

from  4-50° 
to— 10° 


from  4-50° 
to— i4° 

from+500 
to— 12° 

from4-r)0° 
to— 21° 

from4-50° 
to—  0o 

from4-50° 
to—  3° 


FRIGUS,  Cold— f.  Tenue,  see  Rio-or. 
FRISSON,  Rigor. 
FRISSOJVJYEMEJYT,  Horripilation. 
FROGLEAF.  Brasenia  Hydropeltis. 
FROG  TONGUE,  Rami  la. 
FRO  ID,  Cold-/.  Glacial,  Ice-cold. 
FROLEMENT,  (F.)     '  Grazing  or  touching 
lightly.' 

FROLEMENT  PJZRICARDIQUE.  Rustling 
noise  of  the  pericardium.  A  sound  resembling  that 
produced  by  the  crumpling  of  a  piece  of  parch- 
ment or  of  thick  silken  stuff,  accompanying 
the  systole  and  diastole  of  the  heart.  It  in- 
dicates roughness  of  the  pericardium  induced 
by  disease. 

FROMAGE,  Cheese. 

FROMENT,  Triticum. 

FRONCEMEMT,  Corrugation. 

FROJYCLE,  Furunculus. 

FRONDE,  Kunda. 

FRONT,  Frons,  Meto'pon,  Forehead,  Brow. 
That  part  of  the  visage,  which  extends  from 
one  temple  to  the  other,  and  is  comprised,  in  a 
vertical  direction,  between  the  roots  of  the  hair 
and  the  superciliary  ridges. 

FRONTAL,  Frontalis.  Relating  or  belong- 
ing  to  the  front.  This  name  has  been  given 
to  several  parts.  Winslow,  Sommerinor,  and 
others,  call  the  anterior  part  of  the  occipito- 
frontalis — the  frontal  muscle  or  fronta'lis,  Mus- 
culo'sa  Frontis  Culcin  movens  substantia  Pur 
(Vesalius.^ 

Frontal  Artery,  A.  eupra-orbitafUs,  is  given 
off  by  the  ophthalmic,  which  is  itself  a  branch 
of  the  interna!  carotid.  It  makes  its  exit  from 
the  skull  at  the  upper  part  of  the  base  of  the 
orbit,  and  ascends  the  forehead  between  the 
bone  and  the  orbicularis  palpebrarum;  dividing 
into  three  or  four  branches,  which  are  distri- 
buted to  the  neighbouring  muscles. 

Frontal  Bom:.  Os  frontis,  Os  rorona'lS,  Os 
inverecun'dum,  Meto'pon,  Os  puppis,  Os  Ralio'- 
nis.  A  double  bone  in  the  fcetus,  single  in  the 
adult,  situate  at  the  base  of  the  cranium,  and 
at  the  superior  part  of  the  face.  It  forms  the 
vault  of  the  orbit;  lodges  the  ethmoid  bone  in 
a  notch  at  its  middle  part;  and  is  articulated, 
besides,  with  the  sphenoid,  parietal,  and  nasal 
bones,  the  ossa  unguis,  superior  maxillary,  and 
malar  bones. 

Frontal  Furrow  extends  upwards  from  the 
frontal  spine,  and  becomes  gradually  larger  in 
its  course,  to  lodge  the  upper  part  of  the  supe- 


FRONTAL  NERVE 


338 


FULIGO 


rior  longitudinal  sinus,  and  to  give  attachment 
to  I  he  falx  cerebri. 

Frontal  Nerve,  Palpibro-f ronta I, —  (Ch,) 
is  the  greatest  of  the  three  branches  of  the 
ophthalmic  nerve,— the  first  division  of  the  5th 
pair.  It  proceeds  along  the  superior  paries  of 
the  orbit,  and  divides  into  two  branches:  — the 
one,  internal,  which  makes  its  exit  from  the 
orbitar  fossa,  passing  beneath  the  pulley  of  the 
oblique  muscle:— the  other,  external,  issuing 
from  the  same  cavity,  by  the  foramen  orbita- 
rium  superius. 

Frontal  .Sinuses,  Fronla'lcs  Sinus,  Prosopan'- 
tra,  Sinus  Supercilia'res,  S.  vituita-'rii  frontis, 
Caverns  frontis,  are  two  deep  cavities  in  the 
substance  of  the  frontal  bone,  separated  from 
each  other  by  a  medium  septum,  and  opening, 
below,  into  the  anterior  cells  of  the  ethmoid 
bone. 

Frontal  Spine,  Crista  inter'na,  is  situate  in 
the  middle  of  the  under  part  of  the  bone,  and  is 
formed  by  the  coalescence  of  the  inner  tables 
for  the  attachment  of  the  falx  cerebri. 

Surgeons  have  given  the  name  Frontalis, 
to  a  bandage  or  topical  application  to  the  fore- 
head. Such  have,  also,  been  called  7rno/ueiw 
tiiSiu  and  a.vu/.oll> [xazu. 

FRONTALIS  ET  OCCIPITALIS,  Occipito- 
frontal—  f.  Verus,  Corrugator  supercilii. 

FRONTO-ETHMOID  FORAMEN,  Caecum 
foramen—/,  nasal,  Pyramidalis  nasi—/.  Sour- 
cilier,  Corrutrator  supercilii. 

FROSTBITE,  Congelation. 

FROSTWEED,  Erigeron  Pbiladelphicum, 
Helianthemum  Canadense. 

FROSTWORT,  Helianthemum  Canadense. 

FROTHY,  from  Gr. a^og;  'froth.'  (?)  Spume/- 
sus,  (F.)  Spumeux,  Ecuiueux,  Mousscux.  An  epi- 
thet given  to  the  faeces  or  sputa,  when  mixed 
with  air. 

FROTTEMEKT,  see  Bruit  de  frottement. 

FROTTEMEKT  GLOBULA IRE.  A  name 
given  by  JM.  Simon  net,  to  the  pulse  in  aortic 
regurgitation,  when  it  is  jerking,  and,  in  well 
marked  cases,  appears  as  if  the  blood  consisted 
of  several  little  masses,  which  passed  in  succes- 
sion under  the  fintrer  applied  to  the  artery. 

FRUCTUS  HORiEI,  Fruit,  (summer.) 

FRUGI  V'OROUS,  Frugii/orus,  from  fruges, 
'fruits,'  and  voro,  T  eat.'     Oik-  that  eats  fruits. 

FRUIT,  Fructus,  from frui,  'to  enjoy:'  Car- 
pos.  in  a  medical  sense  it  may  be  defined  to 
be; — that  part  of  a  plant  which  is  taken  as 
food.  The  effects  of  fruits  on  the  body,  in  a 
medical  as  well  as  dietetical  point  of  view,  are 
various.  They  may  be  distinguished  into  classes: 
for,  whilst  the  Cerealia,  lor  example,  afford 
fruits,  which  are  highly  nutritious,  the  Summer 
Fruits  'Fructus  Horaei,)  which  include  straw- 
berries, cherries,  currants,  mulberries,  raspber- 
ries, figs,  grapes,  &c.  ate  refrigerant  and  grate- 
ful, but  afford  little  nourishment. 

FRUMENTUM,  Triticum— f.  Corniculatum, 
Ergot — f.  Cornuturn,  Ergot— f.  Luxurians,  Er- 
got— f. Te m u Ictitu m,  Ergot — f. Turgid um, Ergot. 

FRUSTRATOIRE  (F.)  Any  liquor,  taken  a 
short  time  after  eating,  for  the  purpose  of  assist- 
ing digestion,  when  difficult.  Sugared  water. 
eau  sucre,  or  water  with  the  addition  of  a  little 
brandy  or  some  aromatic  substance,  is  com- 
monly used  for  this  purpose. 

FRUTEX  BACCIFER  BRAZ1  LIENS1S, 
Caa-ghivuyo— f.  Indicus  spinosus,  Caraschulli. 


FUCUS,  F.  vesiculosus,  Paint. 

Fucus  Amyla'ceus,  Ceylon  Moss,  Marine 
Moss.  This  moss  belongs  to  the  natural  order 
Algae.  It  was  introduced  some  years  ago  into 
England,  from  India.  It  is  white,  filiform  and 
fibrous,  and  has  the  usual  odour  of  sea-weeds. 
Us  medical  properties  are  similar  to  those  of 
Irish  moss,  (q.  v.) 

Fucus,  Bladder,  F.  vesieulosus. 

Fucus  Crispus,  lichen  Carrageen,  Ckondrus, 
Ch.  crispus,  Sphserocod cus  crispus,  Ulna  crispa, 
Ckondrus  pahjmor' pints,  Irish  moss,  Carrageen 
or  Corrigeen  moss,  (F.)  Mousse  d'Islande,  JU. 
perlee.  This  Fucus  of  the  Natural  Family  Mgx, 
is  found  on  the  coast  of  England,  Ireland,  West- 
ern France,  Spain,  and  Portugal,  and  as  far  as 
the  tropics.  It  is  also  a  native  of  the  United 
Stales.  In  Ireland,  it  is  used  by  the  poor  as  an 
article  of  diet.  As  met  with  in  America,  it  is 
of  a  light  yellow  colour,  and  resembles  plates 
of  horn,  crisped  and  translucent.  An  agreeable 
jelly  is  obtained  from  it  by  boiling  in  water  or 
milk:  which  forms  a  good  article  of  diet  in  con- 
sumptive cases.  Its  properties  are  indeed  ex- 
actly like  those  of  the  Iceland  Moss. 

Fucus  Helmintho-cokton,  Corallina  Corsi- 
cant — f.  Saccharine,  Rhodomela  palmata. 

Fucus  Vksiculo'sus,  Quercus  Mari'nu,  Fucus, 
Bladder  Fucus,  Sea  Oak,  Sea  Wrack,  Yellow 
Bladder  Wrack,  (F.)  Varec  vesicuhux,  Client 
ma rin.  It  has  been  said  to  be  a  useful  assistant 
to  sea-water,  in  the  cure  of  disorders  of  the 
glands.  When  the  wrack,  in  fruit,  is  dried, 
cleaned,  exposed  to  a  red  heat  in  a  crucible 
with  a  perforated  lid,  and  is  reduced  to  powder. 
it  forms  the  JE'thiops  vegetab'ilis — the  Pulvis 
Quercus  Mari'nze — of  the  Dublin  Pharmacopoeia, 
which  is  used,  like  the  burnt  sponge,  in  bron- 
chocele  and  other  scrofulous  swellings.  Its 
efficacy  depends  on  the  iodine  it  contains. 
Dose,  gr.  x  to  Q'j-  mixed  in  molasses  or  honey. 
See  Soda. 

FUGA  D.ZEMONUM,  Hypericum  perfora- 
tum. 

FUGA'CIOUS,  Fugax,  from  fugere,  '  to  fly." 
An  epithet  given  to  certain  symptoms,  which 
appear  and  disappear  almost  immediately  after- 
wards; as  a  fugacious  redness,  &c. 

FUGAX,  Fugacious. 

FUGE,  from  fugo,  T  expel,'  'an  expeller.' 
A  common  suffix.  Hence  Febrifuge,  Vermifuge, 
&c. 

FU'GILE.  This  term  has  several  accepta- 
tions. It  means,  1.  The  cerumen  (q.  v.)  of  the 
ear.  2.  The  nebulous  suspension  in,  or  the  de- 
position from,  the  urine.  3.  An  abscess  near 
the  ear. — Roland  and  Johnson.  4.  Abscess  in 
general. — Fores  tus. 

FULGUR.  Astrape. 

FULlG"INOUS,  Fuligino'sus,  from  fuligo, 
'soot.'  Lignyo'des.  Having  the  colour  of  soot. 
An  epithet  given  to  certain  parts,  as  the  lips, 
teeth,  or  tongue,  when  they  assume  a  brownish 
colour,  or  rather  are  covered  with  a  coat  of  that 
colour. 

FULl'GO,  Soot,  (F.)  Suie,  &c.  Wood  soot, 
Fuligo  Ligni,  consists  of  a  volatile  alkaline  salt, 
empyreumatic  oil,  fixed  alkali,  &c.  A  tincture, 
Tinctu'ra  Fulig"iiiis,  prepared  from  it,  has  been 
recommended  as  a  powerful  antispasmodic  in 
hysterical  cases.  (Fulig.  lion,  gij,  potass,  sub- 
curb.  Sss,  ummon.  muriut.  £j,aqu3e  fluvial.  Oiij. 


FULICO  ALBA  PHILOSOPHORUM     339 


FUNGUS 


Digest  for  three  days.)  This  tincture  bears  the 
name  Soot  drops  and  Fit  drops.  An  ointment 
of  soot  lias  been  used  in  various  cutaneous  dis- 
eases 

Fim.igo  Ai.ba  PuiLosopHoui/jr,  Ammonias 
raurias, 

FULIGO'KALI,  from  fuligo,  'soot,'  and  kali, 
'potassa.'  Tliis  is  an  analogous  preparation  to 
anthrakokali;  soot  being  used  in  the  place  of 
coal.  It  is  employed  in  the  same  diseases. 
What  might  be  regarded  as  a  weak  solution  of 
fuligokali  has  been  used  for  many  years  in  Phi- 
ladelphia, under  the  names  medical  lye,  soot 
tea,  alkaline  solution,  and  dyspeptic  lye. 

FULNESS,  Reple'tio,  Plenitude,  Pletlw'ra, 
(q  v.)  Also,  a  feeling  of  weight  or  distention 
in  the  stomach  or  other  part  of  the  system. 

FUMA'RIA,  Fumufriaofficina'lis,  Fumus  ter- 
rx,  Cupnos,  Herba  melancholif'uga,  Fu'mitory, 
Common  Fu'mitory,  Fumiter'ra,  Sola' men  Sea- 
bioso'rum,  (F.)  Fumeterre.  The  leaves  are  ex- 
tremely succulent,  and  have  a  bitter,  somewhat 
saline,  taste.  The  infusion  of  the  dried  leaves 
and  the  expressed  juice  of  the  fresh  plant  have 
been  extolled  for  their  property  of  clearing  the 
skin  of  many  disorders  of  the  leprous  kind. 

Fuma'iua  Bulbo'sa,  Aristolochi' a  fnbu'cea, 
Coryd' alas  bulbo'sus,  Capnor'chis.  The  root  of 
this  plant  was  formerly  given  as  an  emmena- 
gogue  and  anthelmintic.  (F.)  Fumeterre  bul- 
bcuse. 

FUMETERRE,  Fumaria. 

FUMIGATIO  ANT1LOIMICA  GAUBI1, 
see  Disinfection — f.  Guytoniensis,  see  Disin- 
fection—f.  Smytbiana,  see  Disinfection. 

FUMIGA'TION,  Fumiga'lio,  from  fumus, 
'  smoke.'  Sujfi'tus,  Suffimen' turn,  Apoeapnis'mus, 
Thymiama,  Copals'  mos,  Hypocapnis'mos,  Ana- 
thymi'asis,  from  fumus,  'smoke.'  An  operation, 
the  object  of  which  is  to  fill  a  circumscribed 
space  with  a  gas  or  vapour;  with  the  intention 
eiiher  of  purifying  the  air,  of  perfuming  it,  or 
of  charging  it  with  a  substance  proper  for  acting 
upon  a  part  of  the  surface  of  the  human  body. 
Hence,  fumigations  have  been  distinguished 
into  aqueous,  aromatic,  sulphureous,  mercurial, 
disinfecting,  Guytonian,  &c.  Benzoin  gene- 
rally constitutes  the  chief  ingredient  in  the  Fu- 
migating Pastilles,  to  which  any  variety  of 
odoriferous  substances  may  be  added.  The  fol- 
lowing is  one  formula  : 

5<.  Benzoin,  £j,  cascarillas  £ss,  myrrh.  ^j,  ol. 
myrist.,  ol.  caryopli.  aa  gtt.  x,  potassa  nit?-at.gss, 
carbon.  Ugn.  5jvj,  mucil.  trag.  (q.  s.) 

Fumigation,  Chlokine,  see  Disinfection — f. 
Nitrous,  see  Disinfection — f.  Oxymuriatic,  see 
Disinfection. 

FUMITERRA.  Fumaria. 

FUMITORY,  Fumaria. 

FUMUS  ALBUS,  Hydrargyrum— f.  Citri- 
nns,  Sulphur — f.  T'errce,  Fumaria. 

FUNAMBULA'TIO.  (torn funis,' a  cord,'  and 
ambulare,  '  to  walk.'  An  exercise  with  the  an- 
cients, which  consisted  in  scaling  ropes. 

FUNCTION,  Funr'tio,  (F.)  Function,  from 
fungor,  'I  act,'  'perform.'  The  action  of  an 
or^in  or  system  of  organs.  Any  act,  necessary 
for  accomplishing  a  vital  phenomenon.  A  func- 
tion is  a  special  office  in  the  animal  economy, 
which  has.  as  its  instrument,  an  organ  or  ap- 
paratus of  organs.  Thus,  respiration  is  a  func- 
tion. Its  object  is, —  t ho  conversion  of  venous 
into  arterial  blood,  and  its  instrument  is  the 


lungs.  The  ancient  physiologists  divided  the 
functions  into  vital,  animal,  and  natural.  They 
called  vital  functions  those  which  are  essential 
to  life,  as  innervation,  circulation,  respiration  ; 
animal  functions,  those  which  belong  to  the  en- 
cephalon;  viz:  the  functions  of  the  intellect. 
the  affections  of  the  mind,  and  the  voluntary 
motions;  and  natural  functions,  those  relating 
to  assimilation,  such  as  the  actions  of  the  abdo- 
minal viscera,  of  the  absorbent  and  exhalant 
vessels,  &c.  Bichat  divided  the  functions  into 
those  which  relate  to  the  preservation  of  the 
individual,  and  those  that  relate  to  the  pre- 
servation of  the  species.  The  former  he  sub- 
divided into  animal  and  organic.  The  animal 
functions  are  those  of  the  intellect,  sensation, 
locomotion,  and  voice.  The  organic  functions 
include  digestion,  respiration,  circulation,  ex- 
halation, absorption,  the  secretions,  and  nutri- 
tion. The  function.'},  whose  object  is  the  pre- 
servation of  the  species,  are  all  those  that  re- 
late to  generation; — such  as  conception,  gesta- 
tion, accouchement,  &c.  Each  of  these  ad- 
mits of  numerous  subdivisions  in  a  complete 
course  of  Physiology ,- — for  so  the  doctrine  of 
the  functions  is  called. 

FUNDA,S/;W^^-  (F.)  Fronde.  A  band- 
age, composed  of  a  fillet  or  lonar  compress,  cleft 
at  its  extremities  to  within  about  two  inches  of 
its  middle.  It  is  used  in  diseases  of  the  nose 
and  chin,  and  especially  in  cases  of  fracture  of 
the  lower  jaw.  In  such  case  it  has,  also,  been 
called  Mcntonniere,  because  placed  beneath  the 
chin;  fiom  (F.)  Menton,  'the  chin.' 

FUNDAMENT,  Anus— f.  Falling  down  of 
the,  Proctocele. 

FUNDAMENTAL,  from  fundare,  'to  lie 
deeply.'  Some  anatomists  have  called  the  sa- 
crum Os  Fundamental lg,  because  it  seems  to 
serve  as  a  base  to  the  vertebral  column.  The 
sphenoid  bone  has,  likewise,  been  so  denomi- 
nated, from  its  being  situate  at  the  base  of  the 
cranium. 

FUNDUS,  (F.)  Fond.  The  base  of  any  or- 
gan which  ends  in  a  neck,  or  has  an  external 
aperture;  as  the  Fundus  vesicae,  F.  uteri,  &c. 
Also,  the  Vulva. 

FUNES  CORDIS,  Columns  carnea;-f.  Se- 
micirculares,  Semicircular  canals. 

FUNG'OID,  Fungo'i'des,  Fungifor'mis,  Fun- 
giform, (F.)  Fongoide,  Fongiforme,  from  fungus, 
'a  mushroom,'  and  ttfog,  'resemblance.'  That 
which  has  the  shape  of  a  fungus,  or  which 
grows  in  some  measure  like  a  mushroom,  as  the 
fungoid  or  fungiform  papillae  of  the  tongue. 

FUNGOS'ITY,  Fungos'ilus,  Caro  luzu'rians, 
C.  fungu'sa,  Ecsarco'ma,  Prowl  Flesh,  Hyper- 
sarco'sis,  (F.)  Fongosite.  The  quality  of  that 
which  is  fungous: — fungous  excrescence.  The 
fungosities  which  arise  in  wounds  or  ulcers, 
are  easily  repressed  by  gentle  compression,  dry 
lint,  the  sulphas  cupri,  or  other  gentle  caustics. 
At  times,  the  more  powerful  are  necessary,  and, 
sometimes,  excision  is  required. 

FUNGUS,  Myces,  (F.)  Fongus,  Champignon. 
The  mushroom  order  of  plants;  class  Crypto- 
gamia,  in  the  Linnanin  system.  In  Pathology, 
the  word  is  commonly  used  synonymously  with 
fungosity,  my  col  sis.  M.  Breschet  has  proposed 
to  restrict  t lie  term  fungosity  to  vegetations 
which  arise  on  denuded  surfaces,  and  to  apply 
the  term  fungus  to  the  tumours  which  form  in 


FUNGUS  ALBUS  SAL1GNEUS 


340 


GALACTACRASIA 


the  substance  of  the  textures,  without  any  ex- 
ternal ulceration.  Fici,  and  warts,  e.  g.  would 
be  fungi  of  the  skin. 

Fungus  Alius  Saligneus,  Boletus  suaveo- 
lens — f.  Arliculi,  Spina  ventosa — f.  Bleeding, 
llcematodes  fungus—  f.  Cancrosus  haematodes, 
nematodes  F — f.  Cancrosus  medullaris,  see 
Encephaloid — f  Cerebralis,  see  Encephaloid — 
f.  Cerebri,  Eneephalocele — f.  Cynosbati,  Bede- 
guar — f  Haematodes,  Haematodes  fungus — f. 
Igniarius,  Boletus  igniarius — f.  Laricis,  Bole- 
tus laricis —  f.  of  Malta,  Cynomorion  cocci- 
neum — f.  Medullaris,  see  Encephaloid — f.  Me- 
litensis,  Cynomorion  coccineum — f.  Petraus 
marinus,  Umbilicus  marinus  —  f.  Quercinus, 
Boletus  igniarius — f.  Rosarum,  Bedeguar — f. 
Salicis,  Boletus  suavcolens  —  f.  Sambucinus, 
Peziza  auricula. 

FUNICULUS,  Cord— f.  Spermatids,  Sper- 
matic cord — f.  Tympani.  Chorda  tympani. 

Funic'ulus  Ummlic  \'lis,  Funis  umbilica'lis, 
Umbilical  cord,  Navel  string,  from  Funis,  'a 
cord.'  (F. )  Cordon  ombilicale.  A  cord  like 
substance,  which  extends  from  the  placenta  to 
the  umbilicus  of  the  foetus.  It  is  composed  of 
the  chorion,  amnion,  an  albuminous  secretion 
called  Ihe  Jelly  of  Ike  Cord,  cellular  substance, 
an  umbilical  vein,  and  two  umbilical  arteries. 
The  former  conveys  the  blood  from  the  pla- 
centa to  the  foetus — the  latter  return  it.  Its 
usual  length  is  from  1G  to  122  inches. 

Funiculus  Varicosus,  Cirsocele. 

FUNIS,  Cord,  Laqueus  —  f.  Hippocratis, 
Achillis  tendo — f.  Umbilicalis,  Funiculus  umbi- 
licalis. 

FUR,  Enduit. 

FURCELLA  INFERIOR,  Xiphoid  cartilage. 

FURCHMUHL,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
These  Bavarian  springs  contain  carbonic  acid, 
sulphuretted  hydrogen,  carbonates  of  lime  and 
soda;  chlorides  of  lime  and  magnesium,  oxides 
of  iron  and  magnesia,  &c. 

FURCILLA,  Fourchelte. 

FURCULA,  Clavicle,  Fourchette. 

FUREUR  UTE'RIjVE,  Nymphomania. 

FURFUR,  Bran,  Pit'yron,  Jich'yron,  Cunta- 
bru'no,  (F.)  Son.  The  skin  of  the  grain  of  the 
cerealia,  when  bruised  and  separated  from  the 
farina.  The  decoction  is  sometimes  employed 
as  an  emollient. 

FURFURA,  Scarf 

FURFURA'CEOUS,  from  furfur,  'bran.' 
Scurfy,  Canica'ceous,  Pithyri'nus.  Resembling 
bran.  A  name  given  to  eruptions,  in  which  the 
epidermis  is  detached  in  small   scales  resem- 


bling bran.   Also,  a  bran-like  sediment  observed 
at  times  in  the  urine. 

FURFURATIO,  Porrigo,  Pityriasis. 

FU'RIA  INFERNA'LIS.  A  kind  of  vcrrni- 
form  insect,  scarcely  two  lines  long,  com- 
mon  in  Sweden,  which  flies  about  and  slings 
both  man  and  animals,  exciting  the  most  ex- 
cruciating torture. 

FURNAS,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  A 
thermal  chalybeate  water  in  St.  Michael's, 
Azores,  which  contains  carbonic  acid,  and  car- 
bonate of  iron. 

FUROjYCLE,  Furunculus. 

FUROACLE  GUEPIER.  A  malignant  boil, 
Wus/j's  vest  boil,  which  generally  attacks  the 
nape  and  region  of  the  neck;  and  rarely  others 
than  old  people.  Hence  it  has  been  called  Old 
People's  boil. 

FUROR  BREVIS,  Rage— f.  Uterinus,  Nym- 
phomania. 

FURUNCULI  ATON1CI,  Ecthyma— f.  Ven- 
triculus,  see  Furunculus. 

FURUN'CULUS,  from  furiare,  'to  make 
mad.'  Chi'adus,  Chi'oli,  Doth'ien,  Furun'culus 
suppurato'  rius ,  F.  Verus,  F.  benig'nus,  Absces'- 
sus  nucha' lus.  A  Furuncle,  a  Boil,  a  Bile,  (F.) 
Furoncle,  Fronde,  Clou.  A  small  phlegmon, 
which  appears  under  the  form  of  a  conical, 
hard,  circumscribed  tumour,  having  its  seat  in 
the  dermoid  texture.  At  the  end  of  an  uncer- 
tain period,  it  becomes  pointed,  white  oryellow, 
and  gives  exit  to  pus  mixed  with  blood.  When 
it  breaks,  a  small,  grayish,  fibrous  mass  some- 
times appears,  which  consists  of  dead  cellular 
tissue.  This  is  called  the  Core,  Sclfast,  Ven- 
tridultis  Furiin'culi,  (F.)  Bourbillon.  The  ab- 
scess does  not  heal  until  after  its  separation. 
The  indications  of  treatment  are, — to  discuss 
by  the  application  of  leeches  and  warm  fomen- 
tations;— or,  if  this  cannot  be  done,  to  encourage 
suppuration  by  warm,  emollient  cataplasms. 
When  suppuration  is  entirely  established,  the 
part  may  be  opened  or  suffered  to  break,  ac- 
cording to  circumstances. 

Furunculus  Gangr^enosus,  Anthrax — f.  Ma- 
lignus,  Anthrax. 

FUSEE  PURULENTE,  (F.)  The  long  and 
sinuous  route,  which  pus  takes,  in  certain  cases, 
in  making  its  way  to  the  surface.  These  Fusles 
almost  always  form  beneath  the  skin,  between 
the  muscles;  or  along  aponeuroses,  bones,  ten- 
dons, &c. 

FUSEL  OIL,  see  Oil,  Fusel. 

FUSTIC  TREE,  Cladrastis  tinctoria. 

FUTUTOR,  Tribade. 


G. 


The  Greek  G,  r,  with  the  ancient  Greek 
physicians, signified  an  ounce. — Rhod.  ad  Scii- 
bonium. 

GABALLA,  Cabal. 

GABEL'LA.  Glabella.  The  space  between 
the  eyebrows,  which  is  devoid  of  hair  in  the 
majority  of  persons. 

GABIR'EA,  yafitQta.  A  fatty  kind  of  myrrh, 
mentioned  by  Dioscorides. 

G-rEOPHAGIA,  Geophagism. 

GAGEL,  Myiica  gale. 

GrfGUE-SAArG,  Caque-sang. 


GAHET,  Caa-ot. 
GA1AC,  Guaiacum. 

GAILLET  ACCROCH.1A-T,  Galium  apa- 
rine — g.  Crochant,  Galium  aparine — g.  Jaune, 
Galium  verum — g.  Vrai,  Galium  verum. 

GAIA'Fj,  Vagina  or  sheath — g,  dc  I'Apophyst 
styloids,  Vaginal  process  of  the  temporal  bone 
— g,  dc  la  veine  porte,  Vagina  or  sheath  of  the 
vena  porta. 

GALA,  yxla,  genitive  yaAaxro?,  milk,  (q.  v.) 
Hence : — 

GALACTACRASIA,  Galactia. 


GALACTAPOSTEMA 


341 


GALIP.EA  FEBRIFUGA 


GALACTAPOSTEMA,  Mastodynia  aposte- 
matosa. 

GALAC'TIA,  Galaclirrhm'a,  from  yxXa, 
'milk.'  Lactis  redundan'tia,  Galactacra! sia.  A 
redundant  flow  of  milk,  either  in  a  female  who 
is  suckling,  or  in  one  who  is  not.  It  may  oc- 
cur without  being  provoked  by  suckling.  When 
to  a  great  extent,  it  sometimes  causes  wasting; 
Tabes  lad  tea,  T.  nutri'cum.  Good  uses  Galuc'- 
tia,  in  his  Nosology,  for  'morbid  flow  or  defi- 
ciency of  milk.' 

GALACT1RRHCEA,  Galaclia. 

GALACTO'DES,  from  yaZa,  'milk,'  and 
tiSog,  'resemblance.'  In  Hippocrates,  the  term 
signifies  milkwarm,  and  likewise  a  milky  co- 
lour, as  of  the  excrements,  &c. 

GALACTOM'ETER,  Lactom'eter,  from  ycda, 
'  milk,'  and  KfTpov, 'measure.'  An  instrument 
for  appreciating  the  quantity  of  cream  in  milk. 
It  is  a  kind  of  graduated  separatory  or  iprou- 
rette, — the  degrees  on  the  scale  indicating  the 
thickness  of  the  layer  of  cream  that  forms  on 
the  surface  of  the  tnilk. 

GALACTOPH'AGOUS,  Galactoph'agus,  Lac- 
tiv'orvs,  sometimes  used  substantively;  from 
yala,  'milk,'  and  ipuyu),  'I  eat.'  That  which 
feeds  on  milk.  A  name  given  to  certain  peo- 
ple, with  whom  milk  appears  to  constitute  the 
chief  nourishment. 

GALACTOPHORA,  Galactopoietica. 

GALACTOPH'OROUS,  Lactiferous,  (q.  v.) 
from  yaXu,  'milk,'  and  (fiQw,  'I  carry.'  That 
which  oarries  milk. 

Galactoph'orous,  or  Lactif'erous  Di'cts, 
are  those  which  convey  the  milk,  secreted  by 
the  mammary  gland,  towards  the  nipple,  where 
their  external  orifices  are  situate.  The  Lacleals 
have  also  been  so  called. 

GALACTOPH'ORUS.  Some  accoucheurs 
have  given  this  name  to  an  instrument  in- 
tended to  facilitate  sucking,  when  the  faulty 
conformation  of  the  nipple  prevents  the  child 
from  laying  hold  of  it. 

GALACTOPLA'NIA,  from  yaXa,  'milk,'  and 
7iAai?;, 'wandering.'  Extravasation  of  milk  into 
the  cellular  membrane. 

GALACTOPOIESIS,  Galactosis. 

GALACTOPOIETICA,  Galactoph'ora;  from 
yaXa,  'milk,'  and  nouw,  'I  make.'  Substances, 
to  which  has  been  attributed  the  property  of 
favouring  the  secretion  of  milk  and  augmenting 
its  quantity. 

GALACTOPO'SIA,  from  yala,  'milk,'  and 
noaig,  'drink.'  Treatment  of  a  disease  by 
means  of  milk. 

GALACTOP'OTES,  Galactop'otus,  Laclipo- 
tor.  Same  etymon.  A  drinker  of  rnilk.  One 
subjected  to  a  milk  diet. 

GALACTOPYRA,  Fever,  milk. 

GALACTOSACCHARUM,  Saccharum  lactis. 

GALACTO'SIS,  Gaiactopoic'sis,  from  ya- 
ZccKTouai,  'I  am  changed  into  milk.'  The  se- 
cretion or  formation  of  tnilk. 

GALACTURIA,  Chyluria. 

GALANGA,  Maranta  galanga. 

GALAJNGAL,  Maranta  galanga. 

GALAJYGjILE,  Cyperus  longus. 

GALARIPS,  Allamanda. 

GALAX1A,  Thoracic  duct. 

GALBANUM,  see  Rubon  galbanum — g. 
Long-leaved,  Bubon  galbanum. 

GAL'BULUS,  from  galbus,  'yellow.'  A 
kind  of  congenital  jaundice,  in  which  the  yel- 


low colour  continues  through  life.  It  is  rather 
a  defect  in  colour  than  a  disease. — Vogel. 

GALE,  Myrica  gale — g.  Odor  ant,  Myrica 
gale — g.  Sweet,  Myrica  gale. 

GALE,  Psora — g.  Canine,  Psoriasis — g.  itpi- 
demique,  Eczema— »\  Miliaire,  Psoriasis—  g. 
Seche,  Lichen,  Psoriasis. 

GA'LEA.  A  helmet,  from  yali],  'a  cat;'  of 
the  skin  of  which  it  was  formerly  made.  A 
name  given  to  the  amnios,  (q.  v.)  and  also,  to 
the  bandage  of  Galen,  (q.  v.)  In  Pathology,  it 
indicates  a  headache  affecting  the  whole  head. 
See,  also,  Caul. 

Galea  Aponeuro'tica  Cap'itis,  Ga'lca  ten- 
din'ea  Santori'ni,  Membra'na  cpicrafnia.  The 
tendinous  expansion,  which  unites  the  frontal 
and  occipital  portions  of  the  occipito-frontalis 
muscle. 

GALEA N'TH ROPY.  Galcanthro'pla,  from 
yal.ri,  'a  cat,'  and  ccrdQuTrog,  'a  man.'  A  variety 
of  melancholy  in  which  the  patient  believes 
himself  changed  into  a  cat.  An  affection  simi- 
lar to  the  lycanthropy  and  cynanthropy. 

GALE'GA  OIFICINA'LIS,  Galega,  Ruta 
capra'ria,  Goat's  rue  (F.)  Rue  de  cheore,  Faux 
Indigo.  It  is  slightly  aromatic,  and  was  once 
used  as  a  sudorific  and  alexiterial,  in  malig- 
nant fevers,  &.c. 

Galega  Vihginma'na,  Virginia  goat's  rvc 
or  cat  gut,  is  used  in  some  parts  of  the  United 
States  as  an  anthelmintic.  The  decoction  of 
the  roots  is  given. 

GALEN'IC  or  GALENTCAL,  Galen'icus, 
Gale'nius,  from  Gale'nus.  That  which  relates 
to  the  doctrine  of  Galen  or  to  Galenism.  Used, 
substantively,  for  drugs  that  are  not  chymical. 

Galenic  Medicine,  Galenism. 

GA'LENISM,  Galen' ie  med'icins.  The  doc- 
trine of  Galen. 

GA'LEJNIST.  A  follower  of  the  doctrines  of 
Galen. 

GALENIUS,  Galenic. 

GALEOBDOLON,  Galeopsis. 

GALEOPDOLON,  Galeopsis. 

GALEOPSIS,  Lamium  album. 

Galeop'sis,  Galeob'dolon,  Galeop'dolon,  La'- 
mium  rubrum,  Vrti'ca  iners  magna  faslidis'sima, 
Slachys  fec'tida,  Hedge  nettle,  (F.)  Ortie  morte 
des  bois.  This  plant  was  formerly  reckoned  a 
vulnerary  and  anodyne. 

Galeop'sis  Grandiflo'ra,  G . Ochroleu' ca,  G. 
Scg"etvm,  Herba  Sideri'tidis.  This  plant  is  re- 
garded in  Germany  as  a  bitter  resolvent.  It 
is  the  basis,  also,  of  a  celebrated  nostrum,  the 
Blankenheimer  Tea,  called,  likewise,  Lieber's 
pectoral  and  phthisical,  herbs  (L  i  e  b  e  r  s  c  h  e 
Brust  oderAuszehrung  s-K  r  a  u- 
t  e  r,)  which  has  enjoyed  great  repute  in  pec- 
toral complaints.  The  tops  of  the  plant  are 
given  in  decoction,  (^j,  boiled  in  a  pint  of 
water  for  a  quarter  of  an  hour.)  This  quantity 
to  be  taken  in  the  clay. 

Galeop'sis  Versic'olor,  and  the  G.  Vil- 
lo'sa,  are  possessed  of  the  same  virtues. 

Galeopsis  Ochroleucha,  G.  grandiflora — g. 
Segetum,  G.  grandiflora. 

GA'LIA.  An  ancient  composition,  in  which 
galls  were  an  ingredient;  the  Galia  pur  a.  There 
was,  also,  a  Galia  aroniat'ica,  moscha'ta  vel 
musca'ta,  which  consisted  of  a  mixture  of  se- 
veral perfumes,  such  as  musk. 

GALIP^EA  FEBR1FUGA,  Cusparia  febri- 
fuga — g.  Officinalis,  see  Cusparia  febrifuga. 


GALIPOT 


342 


GANGLION 


GALIPOT,  see  Pinus  sylvestris. 
GALIUM,  (from  yuXa,  '  milk,'  because  some 
species  curdle  milk.)     G.  verum. 
Galium  Album,  G.  mollugo. 
Ga'lium  Apari'me,  Sparing,  Lappa,  Plii/.an- 
ihro'pus,  Ampelocar'pus,  Ompkalocaj'pus,  Ixus, 
Jtsphari'ne,    rfsper'ida,    Goose-grass.    Cleaver's 
bees,    Cleavers,    Goose-share,   Hayriff.      Family, 
Rubiacerc.     Sex.  Syst.  Tetrandria  Monogynia, 
(F.)  Gaillct  acerochant,  G.  crochant,  Gratteron. 
The  expressed  juice  lias  been  given  as  an  ape- 
rient diuretic    in    incipient  dropsies;   also,   in 
cancer. 

Galium  Lutkum,  G.  verum. 
Galium   Moli.u'go,    Galium  album,    Greater 
ladies'  bed-straw,  My  J  sum  Plin"ii,  (F.)  Cai/le- 
lait  blanc      The  heib  and  flowers  have   been 
used,  medicinally,  in  epilepsy. 

Ga'lium  Tincto'kcm,  an  American  species 
is  closely  allied  in  properties  to  G.  verum. 

Ga'lium  Verum,  Ga'lium,  G-  lu'teum,  La- 
dies' bed-straw,  Cheese-rennet,  Bed  straw,  Cleave- 
wart.  Goose-grass,  Savoy  an,  Clabber-grass,  Milk 
sweet,  Poor  Robin,  Gi avel-grass .  (F.)  Gaillet 
jaune,  G  vrai,  Vrai  Gaillelait.  The  tops  were 
used  in  the  cure  of  epilepsy.  The  leaves  and 
flowers  possess  the  property  of  curdling-  milk. 

GALL,  Bile,  Glass,  see  Vitrum  and  Eczema 
Impetiginodes— g.  of  the  Earth,  Prenanthes — 
g.  Nut,  see  Quercus  infectoria — g.  of  the  Ox, 
see  Bile — g.  Sickness,  Fever.  Walcheren. 

GALL-BLADDER,  Vesic'ula  f el  lis,  Choi'. 
eeyst,  Follic'ulus  fellis,  Cystis  fel'lea,  Vesi'ca 
feil<a,  Vesic'ula  bilis,  Vesi'ca  biliaria,  Follic'- 
vlus  fclleus,  Cystis  choled'ochus,  (F.)  Vesicule 
elu  fiel.  ou  Vesicule  biliare,  Reservoir  de  la  bile. 
A  membranous,  pyrifbrm  reservoir,  lodged  in 
a  superficial  depression  at  the  inferior  surface 
of  the  right  lobe  of  the  liver.  It  receives,  by 
the  hepatic  and  cystic  ducts,  a  portion  of  the 
bile  secreted  by  the  liver,  when  the  stofhach  is 
empty,  which  becomes  in  it  more  acrid,  bitter, 
and  thick.  It  receives  an  artery  called  the 
cystic.  Its  veins  empty  into  the  vena  porta. 
Its  nerves  come  from  the  hepatic  plexus,  and 
its  lymphatic  vessels  join  those  of  the  liver. 

GALLA,  see  Quercus  infectoria — g.  Maxima 
orbicnlata,  see  Quercus  infectoria. 

GALL^E  QUERCUS,  see  Quercus  infecto- 
ria— g.  Tinctoriae,  see  Quercus  infectoria — g 
Turcica?,  see  Quercus  infectoria. 

GALLl  GALL1NACEI  CAPUT,  Galli- 
naoinis  caput. 

GALLL\AG"INIS  CAPUT,  Galli  ga/lina'rei 
Caput,  Verumontot 'num.,  Crista  urethra'lis,  Crete 
urithrale, —  (Ch  .)  from  Gallinago,  'a  wood- 
cock.' An  oblong,  rounded,  projection,  formed 
by  the  mucous  membrane  in  the  spongy  portion 
of  the  urethra,  at  the  sides  of  which  the  ejacu- 
latory  ducts  open. 

GAL'LIPOT.i  Perhaps  from  gala,  'finery.'  (?) 
A  pot  painted  and  glazed  or  merely  glazed,  and 
commonly  used  for  medicines. 

GALLfTRICHUM,  Salvia  sclarea. 
_  GALLS,  see  Quercus  infectoria — g.  Nut,  see 
Quercus    infectoria — g.  Turkey,   see   Quercus 
infectoria. 

GALLSTONES,  Calculi,  biliary. 
GALREDA.Gehtm. 

GAL' VAN  ISM,  Galcanis'mus,  Electric"  it  as 
anima'lis,  E  Galcan'ica  vel  metal' Lien,  Irrita- 
rncntum  metallo'rum  vel  mctal'licum,  Voi'taism, 


Vbfta'ic Electricity.  A  series  of  phenomena, con. 
sisting  in  sensible  movements,  executed  by 
animal  parts,  which  are  endowed  wilh  irri- 
tability, when  placed  in  connexion  with  two 
metallic  plates  of  different  nature,  between 
which  a  communication  is  established  by  di- 
rect crwitacl  or  by  means  of  a  metallic  wire. 
Galvanism  has  been  employed  medicinally  in 
the  same  cases  as  electricity,  and  especially  in 
neuralgic  affections.  It  is  often  applied  in  the 
form  of  plates.  "Mansford's  plates,"  In  asthma, 
for  example,  a  small  blister,  the  size  of  a  dol- 
lar, may  be  placed  on  the  neck  over  the  course 
of  the  phrenic  and  pneumogaslric  nerves,  and 
another  on  the  side  in  the  region  of  the  dia- 
phragm. One  metal  is  placed  mediately  or  im- 
mediately over  the  vesicated  surface  on  the 
neck,  and  another  over  that  in  the  side.  They 
are  then  connected  by  means  of  a  wire.  The 
new  nervous  impression,  in  this  way  induced, 
is  often  signally  beneficial. 

GA  LV  A  NOPUNCTU  HE,  Electropuncture. 

GAMBOGIA,  Cambogia. 

GAMBUGIUM,  Cambogia. 

GAM  M  AHUS.  Crab. 

GAM'MATA  FERRAMENTA,  Cauteries, 
having  the  shape  of  the  Greek  letter  r;  which 
were  used  for  cauterizing  hernias. 

GAMMAUT.  The  Italians,  according  to 
Scultetus,  gave  this  name  to  a  kind  of  crooked 
bistouri.  used  for  opening  abscesses. 

GAMPHELE,  Gena. 

GANGLIA  CEREBRI  POSTICA,  Thalami 
nervorum  opticorum — g. Nervorum, Ganglions, 
nervous,  see  Ganglion. 

GANG'LIFORM  or  GANG'LIOFORM, 
Ganglifor'mis-  Having  the  shape  of  a  ganglion. 
A  name  generally  given  to  a  knot-like  enlarge- 
ment, in  the  course  of  a  nerve. 

GANGLION,  yayylior,   'a  knot.'     A  name 
given    to    organs    differing   considerably  fiom 
each  other  in  size,  colour,  texture,  functions, 
&c.     They  are   divided  into  glandiform,  lym- 
phatic, and  nervous.     1.    Glandiform  ganglions, 
called   also  adenoid,  vascular,  and  sanguineous 
ganglions,  blind  glands,  aporic  glands,  glundulx 
spurise,  &c,  are  organs  of  whose  functions  we 
are,  in  general,  ignorant;  and  which  have  the 
appearance  of  glands.     They  are  formed  of  ag- 
glomerated globules,  pervaded  by  blood-vessels, 
surrounded  by  cellular  membrane,  and  contain 
a  milky  or  yellowish   fluid.     To  this  class  be- 
long   the    thymus,    thyroid,    and    supra-renal 
glands.     2.  Lympbat'ic  ganglions.     See  Conglo- 
bate.    3.  Nervous  ganglions,  Ganglia  seu  Nodi 
seu   Nod'uli  Nercorum,  Ganglio'nes,   Tumo'res, 
seu  plexus  gangUqformes,  Plexus  glaudifor'mes, 
Tuber' cut  a  nodo'sa  Nervdrum,  Diverticula  spi- 
rituum  animal  hum.     Enlargements  or  knots  in 
the  course  of  a  nerve.     They  belong,  in  general, 
to  the  system  of  the  great  sympathetic.     One, 
however,  exists  on  the  posterior  root  of  every 
spinal  nerve,  and  one  on  the  cerebral, — the  5tn. 
Bichat  regarded  them  as  so  many  small  brains, 
or  centres   of  nervous  action,  independent  of 
the  encephalon.  and   intended  exclusively  for 
organic  life.     Being  formed  by  the  union  of  the 
cerebral  and  spinal  nerves,  they  may  send  out 
the  influence  of  both  these  nervous  centres  to 
the  parts  to  which  the  nerves  proceeding  from 
them  are  distributed.     We  know  not,  however, 
their  precise  uses,  although  it  is  probable  that 
they  may  be  connected  with  the  nutiition  of 


GANGLION  ABDOMINALS 


34  3 


GARCINIA  MANGOSTANA 


the  part,  on  which  the  nerves  proceeding  from 
them  are  dispersed. 

Ganglion  Abdominals,  G.  semilunar — g. 
Adenoid — g.  glandiform — g.  of  Andcrsch,  L'e- 
trotis  ganglion — g.  Auricular,  Oticum  G. — g. 
Cerebelli,  Corpus  dentalum — g.  Ciliare,  Corpus 
dentatum — g.  Cerebral  inferteur,  grand,  Tha- 
rami  nervorum  opticorum — g.  du  Cervelet,  Cor- 
pus dentatum. 

Ganglion  ok  Eiiuenritter,  Ganglion  nervi 
glosso-pharynge'i  supc'rius,  G.  jugula'rB  srqic'- 
rius,  G.  Ehrenritl'eri  sen  Mull'eri.  A  reddish 
gray  mass  on  the  glosso-pharyngeal  nerve  in 
the  foramen  lacerum,  above  the  ganglion  of 
Andersch. 

Ganglion  of  Gasse'rius.  A  semicircular 
knot  on  the  5th  pair  of  nerves,  before  its  divi- 
sion into  three  branches. 

Ganglion,  Glandiform,  see  Ganglion — g 
Jugulars  Superius,  G.  of  Ehrenritter — g.  Lai- 
teux,  Milk-knot — g.  Lenticular,  G.  ophthalmic 
— g.  Lymphatic,  Conglobate  gland — g.  Maxillo- 
tympanique,  Oticum  G. — g.  of  Meckel,  Spheno- 
palatine G. —  g.  Mullen,  G.  of  Ehrenritter — g. 
JNervi  glosso-pharyngei  superius,  G.  of  Ehren- 
ritter— g.  Optic,  Quadrigemina  tubercula — g. 
Orbitar,  G.  ophthalmic — g.  Oticum,  Oticum 
G. — g.  Sanguineous,  G.  glandiform — g.  Solare, 
G.  semilunare — g.  Sphenoidal,  Spheno-palatine 
ganglion — g.  Splanchnicum,  G.  semilunare — "•. 
Swpirieur  du  ccivcau  (grand,)  Corpora  striata — 
g.  Surrinal,  G.  semilunare — g.  Transversum, 
G.  semilunare — g.  Vascular,  G.  glandiform — g. 
de  Vieussens,  Oceliac  plexus. 

Ganglion.  Same  etymon.  Emphy'ma  en- 
rys'tis  ganglion.  A  globular,  hard,  indolent 
tumour,  without  change  in  the  colour  of  the 
skin;  of  a  size  varying  from  that  of  a  pea,  to 
that  of  an  ^gg,  and  always  situate  in  the  course 
of  a  tendon.  The  tumour  is  formed  of  a  viscid, 
albuminous  fluid,  contained  in  a  cyst  of  greater 
or  less  thickness.  The  cyst  is  sometimes  loose; 
but  in  the  majority  of  eases  it  communicates, 
by  a  narrow  footstalk,  with  the  sheath  of  a  ten- 
don, or  even  with  the  synovial  capsule  of  a 
neighbouring  articulation.  The  causes  are  ge- 
nerally unknown.  The  treatment  consists  in 
compression,  percussion,  the  use  of  discutients, 
extirpation,  or  incision. 

GANGUONES  GANGLIOFORMES,  Gan- 
glions, nervous. 

GANGLIONIC,  Ganglion' kus.  Nerves,  in 
the  course  of  which  ganglions  are  met  with; 
as  the  greater  part  of  the  branches  of  the  great 
sympathetic  or  trisplanchnic,  the  posterior  roots 
of  the  spinal  nerves,  &c. 

Ganglionic  Nkrve,  Trisplanchnic  nerve. 
GANGLIONITIS  PERIPHERICA  et  ME- 
DULLAR! S,  Cholera. 

GANGfL-ENA  ALOPECIA,  A!opecia-g. 
Caries,  Caries — g.  Nosocomiorum,  Hospital 
g.ingrcne — g.  Oris,  Cancer  aqnaticus — g.  Ossis, 
Spina  ventosa — g.  Ossitim,  Caries — g.  Pottii, 
see  Gangrene — g.  Pottii,  Gangrene  of  old  peo- 
ple— g.  Pulmonum,  Necn>pneumonia — g.  Seni- 
lis, Gangrene  of  old  people — g.  Sphacelus, 
Sphacelus — g.  Tonsillarum,  Cynanchc  maligna 
— g    Ustilnginea,  Ergotism. 

CANGR.ENOPSfs.Canceraquaticus,  (q.v.); 
also,  gangrenous  inflammation  of  the  eyelids. 
Blepharitis  gangrenosa, —  Siebenhart. 

GANGRENE,  Gangra:'na,  Cancrc'na,  lint 
mortification,   (F.)    Gangrene,  G.   C/taude,  As- 


phyxie  des  parlies.  Privation  of  life  or  partial 
death  of  an  organ.  Authors  have  generally 
distinguished  mortification  into  two  stages' 
naming  the  first  incipient  or  gangrene.  It  is  at- 
tended with  a  sudden  diminution  of  feeling  in 
the  part  affected;  livid  discoloration:  detach- 
ment of  the  cuticle,  under  which  a  turbid  fluid 
is  effused;  with  crepitation,  owing  to  the  dis- 
engagement of  air  into  the  cellular  texture. 
When  the  part  has  become  quite  black,  and 
incapable  of  all  feeling,  circulation,  and  life,  it 
constitutes  the  second  stage,  or  mortification, 
and  is  called  sphacelus.  Gangrene,  however, 
is  frequently  used  synonymously  with  mortifi- 
cation,— local  asphyxia  being  the  term  employed 
for  that  condition,  in  which  the  parts  are  in  a 
state  of  suspended  animation,  and,  conse- 
quently, susceptible  of  resuscilatiqn.  When 
the  part  is  filled  with  fluid  entering  into  putre- 
faction, the  affection  is  called  humid  gangrene, 
(F.)  Gangrene  hnmide;  on  the  other  hand, 
when  it  is  dry  and  shrivelled,  it  constitutes  dry 
gangrene;  (F.)  Gangrene  seche.  To  this  class 
belongs  the  gangrse'  na  sens'  lis,  G.  Pot'tii,  Pres- 
byosphac"elus,  or  spontaneous  gangrene  of  old 
people,  which  rarely  admits  of  cure.  Whatever 
may  be  the  kind  of  gangrene,  it  may  be  caused 
by  violent  inflammation,  contusion,  a  burn, 
congelation,  the  ligature  of  a  large  arterial 
trunk,  or  by  some  internal  cause  inappreciable 
to  us. 

The  treatment,  both  of  external  and  internal 
gangrene,  varies  according  to  the  causes  which 
produce  it.  Gangrene  from  excessive  inflam- 
mation is  obviated  by  anlipblogistics;  and  that 
from  intense  cold  by  cautiously  restoring  the 
circulation  by  cold  frictions,  &c.  When  the 
gangrene  has  become  developed,  the  separation 
of  the  eschars  must  be  encouraged  by  emollient 
applications,  if  there  be  considerable  reaction; 
or  by  tonics  and  stimulants  if  the  reaction  be 
insufficient. 

Gangrene  of  the  Lungs,  Necropneumonia. 

GANGRkNE  DE  LA  BOUCHE,  Cancer 
aqnaticus — g.  Chaude,  Gangrene — g.  Froide, 
Sphacelus — g.  Humide,see  Gangrene — g.  Seche, 
see  Gangrene — g.  Ilopital,  Hospital  gangrene 
— g.  du  Poumun,  Necropneumonia — g.  des  Solo- 
nois,  Ergotism. 

GAJsTELET,  (F.)  Chirolhe'ca, Fascia  digita'- 
lis,  Gauntlet,-  from  (F.)  gant,  a  glove..  A  sort 
of  bandage,  which  envelops  the  hand  and  fin- 
gers, like  a  glove.  It.  is  made  with  a  long  roller, 
about  an  inch  broad;  and  is  applied  so  that  the 
fingers  are  covered  to  their  lips,  when  it  is 
called  Gantelct  enti.er  ou  complct.  The  Demi- 
gantelct  includes  only  the  hand  and  base  of  the 
fingers.  Both  bandages  are  used  in  fractures 
and  luxations  of  the  fingers,  burns  of  the  hand, 
&.c.     See  Chirotheca. 

GAJVTS  DES  DAMES,  Condom— g.  de  Notre 
Dame,  Digitalis. 

GAPING,  Yawning. 

GARANCE,  Rubia. 

GARCIN'IA  MANGOSTA'NA.  The  sys- 
tematic name  of  the  Mangos' tan  or  Mangous'- 
tan  tree,  Mangostana.  It  grows  in  great  abun- 
dance in  Java  and  the  Molucca  islands.  The 
fruit,  which  is  about  the  size  of  an  orange,  is 
delicious,  and  is  eaten  in  almost  ever}'  disorder. 
The  dried  bark  is  used  medicinally  in  dysentery 
and  tenesmus;  and  a  strong  decoction  has  been 
much  esteemed  in  ulcerated  sore  throat. 


GARDE-MALADE 


344 


GASTRITIS 


GARDE-MALADE,  Nurse. 
GARDEROBE,  Artemisia  abrotanum. 
GARDERORES,  Faces. 
GARDOUCIIES,   Vesicuke  seminales. 
GARETUM,  Poples. 

GAR'GALOS,  Gargalis'mos,  Titilldlio,  In- 
ta'tio,  Pruri'lus.     Til  illation,  irritation,  itching. 
GARGALISMOS,  Gargale. 
GARGALOS,  Gargale. 
GARGAREON,  Uvula. 

GAR'GARISM,  Gargaris'mus,  Gargaris'ma, 
AnagargaUc'ta,  Gargaris'mum,  Colluto'rium, 
Dyaclys'ma,  Anagarguris' ton,  Anaconchylis'mos, 
from  yaQyaottu),  '  I  wash  the  mouth.'  Any  li- 
quid medicine,  intended  to  be  retained  in  the 
mouth,  for  a  certain  time,  and  to  be  thrown  in 
contact  with  the  uvula,  velum  pendulum,  ton- 
sils, &c.  For  this  purpose,  the  liquid  is  agi- 
tated by  the  air  issuing  from  the  larynx,  the 
head  being  thrown  back.  Gargles  are  em- 
ployed in  cynanche  tonsillaris  and  other  dis- 
eases of  the  fauces,  and  are  made  of  stimulants, 
sedatives,  astringents,  refrigerants,  &c,  ac- 
cording to  circumstances. 

The  term  collulorium  or  collutorium  oris,  is 
generally  restricted  to  a  wash  for  the  mouth. 
GARGET,  Phytolacca  decandra. 
GARG OIULLEMENT,  Borborygmus,  Gur- 
gling.    See  Rale  muqueux. 

GARLIC,  Allium— g.  Hedge,  Alliaria. 
GAROSMUM,  Chenopodium  vulvaria. 
.     GAROU  BARK,  Daphne  gnidium. 
GARRETUM,  Poples. 

GARROPHYLLUS,  Eugenia caryophyllata. 
GARROT,  (F.)   from  garrotter,  'to  tie  fast.' 
A  small  cylinder  of  wood,  used  lor  tightening 
the  circular  band,  by  which  the  arteries  of  a 
limb  are  compressed,  for  the  purpose  of  sus- 
pending the  flow  of  blood   in  cases  of  hemor- 
rhage, aneurism,  amputation,  &c. 
GARROTILLO,  Cynanche  maligna. 
GARRULITAS,  Loquacity. 
GARUM.  yaoov.     The  ancient  Romans  gave 
this  name  to  a  kind  of  pickle  made  by  collect- 
ing  the  liquor  which  flowed  from  salted  and 
half  putrefied   fish.     It  was   used  as  a   condi- 
ment.— The  Geoponics,  Humelberg  on  Apicius. 
Martial,  &c. 

GAS  AMMONIACAL,  Ammonia— G.  Ani- 
male  sanguinis,  G.  sanguinis — g.  Azoticum, 
Azote — g.  Azoticum  oxygenatum,  Nitrogen, 
gaseous  oxide  of — g.  Hepalicum,  Hydrogen, 
sulphuretted — g.  Hydrogenium  sulphurelum, 
Hydrogen,  sulphuretted — g.  Intoxicating,  Ni- 
trogen, gaseous  oxide  of — g.  Laughing,  Nitro- 
gen, gaseous  oxide  of — g.  of  the  Lungs,  Gas, 
pulmonary — g.  Nitrous,  dephlogisticated,  Ni- 
trogen, gaseous  oxide  of — g.  Oxygenated  mu- 
riatic acid,  Chlorine — g.  Oxymuriatic  acid, 
Chlorine — g.  Palustre,  Miasm,  marsh — g.  Para- 
dise, Nitrogen,  gaseous  oxide  of— g.  Sulphuris, 
Sulphurous  acid. 

GASCAR1LLA,  Croton  cascarilla. 
GASTEIN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.    Gas- 
tein  is  in  the  Noric  Alps,  Austria.     The  waters 
are  thermal.     Temp.  10(1°  to  1183  Fahr. 

GASTER,  y«oTi;o.  The  abdomen,  (q.  v.) 
Also,  the  stomach,  (q.  v.)  in  particular ;  Hence: 
GASTEKANAX.  A  name  given  by  Dola;us 
to  a  hypothetical  vital  principle,  corresponding 
to  the  Arcbasus  of  Van  Helmont,  the  seat  of 
which  he  placed  in  the  lower  belly.  See  Bith- 
nimalca. 


GASTERANGIEMPHRAXTS.  Obstruction 
of  the  pylorus,  from  yatm/g,  '  stomach,'  ay^m, 
'  I  strangle,'  and  tfupQuaaw,  'I  obstruct.' — Vogel. 

GASTRALGIA,  Cardialgia. 

GASTRANFURYSMA,  Gastrectasis. 

GASTREC'TASIS,  Gastraneurys'ma,  Dila- 
ta'tio  Ventric'uli :  from  yanr>/j,  'the  stomach,' 
and  txraoiQ, '  dilatation.'  Dilatation  of  the  sto- 
mach. 

GASTRELCO'SIS,  Vlcera'tio  Ventrit/tdi, from 
yaaTijQ, 'the  stomach,'  and  'ikzooig,  'ulceration.' 
Ulceration  of  the  stomach. 

GASTROSTENO'SIS  CARDI'ACA  et  PY- 
LOR'ICA;  from  yi(TT/;<j,' the  stomach,'  and  ortvot, 
'  narrow.'  Narrowness  of  the  cardiac  and  py- 
loric orifices  of  the  stomach  from  cancer  of  that 
organ. — Sdrrhus  et  Carcino'ma  Ventric'uli. 

GASTRIC,  Gas'tricus,  from  yujri/o,  'the  sto- 
mach.'    Belonging  or  relating  to  the  stomach. 

Gastric  Ar'teries  are  three  in  number. 
Arte'ria  gastro-epiplo'ica  dcztra,  A.  gastro-epi- 
ploi'ca  sinis'tra,  and  A.  corona' ria  ventri'culi. 

Gastric  Juice,  Succus  gas'tricus,  (F.)  Sue 
Gastrique,  Gastric  Acid.  A  fluid,  secreted  from 
(he  mucous  membrane  of  the  stomach.  As  met 
with,  it  is  a  mixture  of  the  fluids  secreted  by 
that  organ  with  those  of  the  supra-diaphragma-  ' 
tic  portion  of  the  alimentary  canal.  Owing  to 
such  admixture,  the  most  contrary  properties 
have  been  assigned  to  it.  That  such  a  fluid  is 
secreted,  which  concurs  powerfully  in  diges- 
tion, is  evident  from  many  considerations,  and 
has  been  positively  proved  by  the  author  and 
numerous  others.  It  is  always  found  to  contain 
chlorohydric  and  acetic  acids.  The  gastric  fluid 
in  cases  of  sudden  death  sometimes  corrodes 
and  perforates  the  stomach;  giving  rise  to  inte- 
resting questions  in  medical  jurisprudence. 

Gastric  Nerves.  The  two  cords  by  which 
the  pneumogastric  nerves  terminate,  and  which 
descend  on  the  two  surfaces  of  the  stomach;  as 
well  as  the  filaments  of  the  great  sympathetic, 
which  accompany  the  gastric  vessels. 

Gastric  Plexus,  Plexus  corona'rius  ventri'- 
culi. A  nervous  net- work,  formed  by  the  solar 
plexus.  It  accompanies  the  Arteria  coronnria 
ventriculi,  and  passes  along  the  lesser  curvature 
of  the  stomach,  to  which  it  gives  branches. 

Gastric  Veins  follow  the  same  distribution 
as  the  arteries,  and  open  into  the  Vena  porta 
abdominis. 

GAS'TRICISM,  Gastrins' mus.  from  yamr^, 
'  the  stomach.'  A  name,  by  which  is  desig- 
nated the  medical  theory,  that  refers  all,  or  al- 
mostall,  diseases  to  an  accumulation  of  saburrs 
in  the  digestive  passages. 

GASTRlLOqUE,  Engastrimythos. 
GASTRILOQUIST,  Engastnmythos. 
GASTRINUM,  Potash. 

GASTRI'TIS,  from  y^.<nriP,  'the  stomach,' 
and  ids.  denoting  inflammation.  Ventric'uli bt- 
flamma'tio,  Cauma  gastritis,  Empres'ma  gastri- 
tis, Inflamma'tio  gastritis,  Cardialgia  inflain- 
mato'ria,  Febris  stomach! ica  injlammuto'riti,  In- 
flamma'tio  ventric'uli,  I.  stom'achi,  Phleg'monl 
ventric'uli,  Inflammation  of  the  stomach,  (F.) 
Inflammation  de  I'Estomac,  Gastrite,  Catarrhl 
gastrique.  A  disease,  characterized  by  pyrexia; 
great  anxiety;  heat  and  pain  in  the  epigastrium; 
increased  by  taking  any  thing  into  the  stomach; 
vomiting  and  hiccup.  Gastritis  may  either  be 
seated  in  the  peritoneal  or  mucous  coat.  It  is 
most  fiequently  in  the  latter  (Esogastri'tis,  or 


GASTR0-ARTHR1T1S 


345 


GASTROTOMY 


Endogaslri'tis,  Gastromycodcri'lis,)  being  ex- 
cited directly  by  acrid  ingesta.  It  requires  the 
most  active  treatment; — bleeding,  blistering, 
fomentations,  diluents,  &c.  Some  degree  of  in- 
flammation of  the  mucous  coat  of  the  stomach 
is  considered  by  the  followers  of  Broussais  to 
be  present  in  almost  all  fevers;  and  the  various 
forms  of  dyspepsia  have  been  supposed  by  some 
to  be  nothing  more  than  ckrunic  cndogaslritis. 

GASTRO-ARTI1RITIS,  Gout  —  g.  Ataxia, 
Dyspepsia — g.  Atonia,  Dyspepsia — g.  Bronchi- 
tis, Fever,  adeno-meningeal — g.  Entente  intense, 
Synocha — g.  Entente,  with  nervous  affection  of 
the  brain,  see  Typhus— g.  Enteritis,  follicular, 
Dothinenteritis;  see  Typhus, 

GASTROBRO'SIS,  Perfora'tio  Venlric'uli, 
Gastrorrhex'is,  (F.)  Perforation,-  from  yarrtjQ, 
'  the  stomach,'  and  ^Qwnig, '  the  act  of  gnawing.' 
Perforation  of  the  stomach. — Alibert. 

GASTROCE'LE,  from  y*OTijo,'  the  stomach,' 
and  y.rthj,  '  a  tumour.'  Hernia  of  the  Stomach, 
Hernia  venlric'uli,  (F.)  Hemic  de  I'Estomac. 
Hernia,  formed  by  the  stomach  through  the 
upper  part  of  the  linea  alba:  a  disease,  the  ex- 
istence of  which  has  been  doubted  by  many. 
■See  Episjastrocele. 

GASTROONE'MII,  from  yuar^Q,  'the  belly,' 
and  )evtj/*tj,  'the  leg.'  The  name  of  the  two 
fleshy  masses  which  occupy  the  posterior  and 
superficial  part  of  the  leg;  (F.)  Gastrocnemius, 
Jumeavx  de  la  jambe,  Gemelli,  Bifemoro  calcanien 
— (Ch.:)  the  two  constituting  the  Gastrocne'- 
mius  cxt.er'nus,  of  English  anatomists.  These 
muscles  are  distinguished  into  internal  and  ex- 
ternal, which  are  distinct  above,  but  united  at 
their  inferior  extremity.  They  are  lono-,  flat, 
and  thick;  and  arise — the  former,  from  the  pos- 
terior part  of  the  outer  condyle  of  the  femur; 
the  latter,  from  the  posterior  part  of  the  inner 
condyle  of  the  same  bone.  The  aponeurosis, 
which  unites  these  muscles  below,  joins  with 
that  of  the  Solaris,  and  forms,  with  it,  a  large 
tendon,  which,  under  the  name  Tcndo-Achillis, 
is  inserted  at  the  posterior  part  of  the  calca- 
neuin.  These  muscles  extend  the  foot  on  the 
leg,  and  the  leg  on  the  foot.  They  can,  also, 
bend  the  leg  and  the  thigh  reciprocally  on  each 
other.  For  the  Gastrocnemius  interims,  see 
Soleus. 

GASTRODID'YMUS,  Did'ymus,  Symphyo- 

gas'lrius,  Psod'ymus,-  from  yaory^,  '  the  belly,' 
and  diSviiog,  'a  twin.'     A  monstrosity  in  which 
twins  are  united  by  the  abdomen. 
^  GASTROD  YN1A,  Cardialgia— g.  Flatulenta, 
Colica  flatulenta. 

GASTRO- ENTERITIS,  from  yatrrrjQ,  'the 
stomach,'  evriqov,  'an  intestine,'  and  ids,  a  suf- 
fix denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the 
stomach  and  small  intestine.  According  to 
Broussais,  the  essential  fevers  of  authors  are 
gastro  enteritis,  simple,  or  complicated. 

G  ASTRO  EPIPLOIC,  Gastro  epipb'icus, 
from  yafTi]Q,  'the  stomach,'  and  minfoov, '  the 
epiploon.'  That  which  relates  to  the  stomach 
and  epiploon. 

Gastro-Efiploic  Artetiif.s,  or  Gastric  infe- 
rior, are  two  in  number,  and  distinguished  into 
right  and  lift.  The  right,  also  called  Gastro- 
hepatic,  Gas'lrica  infe'riw  dextra,  Gastro-epiplo'- 
tea  di  ilia,  is  furnished  by  the  hepatic  artery. 
Jt  descends  behind  the  pylorus,  and  passes  from 
right  to  left,  along  the  great  curvature  of  the 
23 


stomach.  It  gives  branches  to  the  pancreas, 
duodenum,  stomach,  omentum  majus,  and  ter- 
minates by  anastomosing  with  the  Gastro-epi- 
plo'ica  sinis'tra,  Gas'trica  sinistra,  Gas'lrica  in- 
fe'rior  sinis'tra.  This — the  left — arises  from 
the  splenic  artery.  It  is  of  considerable  mag- 
nitude, and  passes  from  left  to  right,  alono-  the 
great  curvature  of  the  stomach,  distributing  its 
branches  more  particularly  to  the  stomach  and 
omentum  majus.  It  terminates  by  joinino-  the 
right  gastro-epiploic. 

Gastro-Epiploic  Ganglions  are  the  lympha- 
tic ganglions  or  glands,  situate  towards  the 
great  curvature  of  the  stomach,  between  the 
two  anterior  lamina?  of  the  omentum  majus. 

Gastroepiploic  Veins  are  distinguished, 
like  the  arteries,  into  right  and  left.  They 
empty  themselves;— the  former,  into  the  supe- 
rior mesenteric:  the  latter,  into  the  splenic  vein. 

GASTRO-U^MORRHAGIA,  Hsemateme- 
sis. 

GASTRO-HEPAT'IC,  Gastro  hepat'icus  or 
Hep'ato-gas'tricus,-  from  yuarijQ,  '  the  stomach,' 
and  lij7tct£,  'the  liver.'  ,  Relating  to  the  stomach 
and  liver.  This  name  has  been  given  to  seve- 
ral organs.     See  Epiploon,  Gastroepiploic,  &c. 

GASTRO -HYSTEROTOMY,  Cesarean 
section. 

GA  STROM  A  LA  CIA,  Gastromalaxia. 

GASTRO-MALAX'IA,  Gastro-mala'cia,  Ma- 
lax'is  ventrie'ii/i,  Dissohi'tio  venlric'uli,  Emolli- 
tio  venlric'uli,  Pseudophlogo'sis  venlric'uli  reso- 
luli'va  et  colli  quad' va,  Metamorpho'sis  venlric'uli 
geladnifor'mis,  (F.)  Ramolissement  de  I'Esto- 
mac, from  ya<TTijo,  '  ihe  stomach,'  and  wotves, 
'the  diaphragm.'  Belonging  to  the  stomach 
and  diaphrao-m. 

GASTROMYCODERITIS,  see  Gastritis 

GASTROP'ATHY,  Gastropalhi'a:  from  yaa- 
irn,  '  the  stomach,'  and  nadog,  'disease.'  Dis- 
ease of  the  stomach. 

G  ASTRO- PH  REN'IC,  Gastro-phren'icus, 
from  yno-Tr.n,  '  the  stomach,'  and  tpQtrtg,  'the 
diaphragm.'  Belonging  to  the  stomach  and  dia- 
phragm. 

Gastrophrenic  Ligament  is  a  reflection  of 
the  peritoneum,  which  descends  from  the  infe- 
rior surface  of  the  diaphraorn  to  the  cardia. 

GASTRO'RAPHY,  Gastrorrha'phia,  Sutu'ru 
ubdomina'lis,  from  yurir^,  '  the  belly,'  and  ooupi;, 
'a  suture. '  The  suture  used  for  uniting  wounds 
penetrating  the  abdomen,  when  they  are  too 
extensive  or  loo  unequal  to  be  kept  in  contact 
by  position,  adhesive  plaster,  or  appropriate 
bandages.  The  interrupted  and  quilled  sutures 
are  those  chiefly  employed. 

GASTRORRHAGIA,  Hsematemesis. 

GASTRORRHEXIS.  Gastrobrosis. 

GASTKORRHCE'A,  from  yavryQ,  'the  sto- 
mach, and  (jjco, '  I  flow.'  Blennorrhea' a  venlric'- 
uli., (F.)  Flux  muqucvx  de  iestomac,  Catarrhe 
stomacal.  A  morbid  condition  of  the  stomach, 
which  consists  in  the  secretion  of  an  excessive 
quantity  of  mucus  from  the  lining  membrane  of 
the  stomach. 

GASTRO'SIS.  A  generic  name  for  diseases 
which  are  seated  in  the  stomach. — Alibert. 

GASTROTOMY,  from  ya<fTr,Q,  'the  belly,' 
and  ropy,  'incision.'  Several  different  opera- 
tions have  been  so  called.  1  The  Csesarean 
Section,  which  see.  2.  A  n  incision,  made  into 
the  abdomen  for  the  purpose  of  removing  some 
internal  strangulation  or  volvulus;  or  to  reduce 


GJiTEAU  FEBRILE 


316 


GEM1NUM  CENTRUM,  &c. 


hernia,  Lapnrol'omy  :  and,  3.  The  opening  made 
into  the  stomach,  to  remove  a  foreign  body 
which  lias  passed  into  it  through  the  oesophagus. 

GJiTEAU  FEBRILE,  Ague  cake. 

GATTILIER.  Vitex. 

GAUDIA   FtEDA,  Masturbation. 

GAULTHE'RIA,  Gault/ie'ria sen  Gualthe'ria 
procmiL  dens.  Gautie'ra  repcns,  Mountain  Tea, 
Partridge  Berry,  Berried  Tea,  Grouseberry, 
Deerberry,  Spice  berry,  Tea  berry,  Ri 
Winter  green,  Redberry  Tea,  Ground  hurry,  Ground 
ivy,  Ground  holly,  Hill  berry,  Box  berry,  Chequer 
berry.  An  American  plant,  which  is  one  of  the 
principal  articles  of  the  materia  medica  of  some 
Indian  tribes.  The  infusion  of  the  leaves  is 
stimulant  and  anodyne,  and  is  said  to  have  been 
used,  with  advantage,  in  asthma.  The  oil — 
Oleum  Gaultherix,  Ph.  U.  S., — is  used,  chiefly 
on  account  of  its  pleasant  flavour,  to  cover  the 
taste  of  other  medicines. 

GAUNTLET,  Gantelet. 

GAUQUAVA,  Smilax  China. 

GAUTIERA  REPENS,  Gaultheria. 

(JAY  FEATHER,  Liatris  spicata. 

GAY  AC,  Guaiacum. 

GAZ,  or  GAS,  Air.  Van  llelmont  first  de- 
signated by  this  name, — the  etymology  of  which 
is  unknown, —  the  carbonic  acid  developed  in 
the  vinous  fermentation.  Afterwards,  the  term 
was  appropriated  to  every  permanently  elastic 
fluid;  that  is,  which  preserves  its  aeriform  state 
at  all  temperatures:  and  ultimately  it  was  ex- 
tended to  all  aeriform  bodies; — which  were 
divided  into  permanent  ;ind  non-permanent  gazes. 
The  latter  are  generally  termed  vapours: — they 
return  to  the  liquid  state,  when  a  portion  oi' 
their  caloric  is  abstracted.  The  permanent 
gazes,  or  gazes  properly  so  called,  are  numerous, 
and  may  be  divided  into  four  sections  with  re- 
gard to  their  effects  on  the  animal  economy. 

C  Carbonic    acid,    ammoniacal 
J.     Irrespiruble  J     gaz, '.muriatic  acid  gaz,  deu- 
crazes,  \      loxide  of  azote,  nitrous  acid 

(_    gaz,  and  chlorine. 
y  Negatively  de-  C  H   dro         azote< 
(eterious  gazes.  { 

("Oxygen,   protoxide   of  azote, 

-J    PntMrriv  de    I     oarburetted  hydrogen,  car- 
i  Positively  ae-  .     ,i()nic    oxid       sulphuretted 
tclerious  gazes,  j     hydrogen>and  arseniuretted 
(^    hydrogen. 

It  is  proper  to  remark,  that  the  term  respira- 
lie  has  been  very  differently  employed  by  dif- 
ferent writers.  Sometimes  it  lias  meant  the 
,  power  oi'  supporting  life,  when  applied  to  the 
blood  in  the  lungs.  At  others,  all  gazes  have 
been  deemed  irrespirable,  which  are  incapable 
of  being  introduced  into  the  lungs  by  voluntary 
efforts,  —  without  any  relation  to  their  power  of 
maintaining  vitality;  and  this  is  perhaps  the 
best  sense.  The  gazes  were,  at  one  time,  em- 
ployed in  medicine,  under  great  expectations, 
— especially  by  the  enthusiastic  Beddoes;  but 
they  are  now  scarcely  ever  had  recourse  to. 
They  differ,  considerably,  in  their  effects  on  the 
animal  economy.  Some,  as  oxygen,  arc  ex- 
citing; others,  as  nitrogen,  depressing;  whilst 
others,  again,  as  the  Protoxide  of  azote  or  lairgh- 
ing  gaz,  produce  the  most  singular  effects. 

Gaz,  Pul'monary,  Gaz  of  the  lungs.  A  name 
given  to  the  expired  air;  which  contains, — be- 
sides common  air,  an  increase  of  carbonic  acid, 
water,  and  some  animal  matter. 


Gaz  Sang'uinms,  Gaz  anima'll  aan'guinis, 
Hal'itus  sun'guinis,  Aura  sanguinis.     The  ha- 

litus,  or    vapour,   given    off  by    freshly    drawn 
blood.  % 

GAZELLE,  Antilopus. 

GEBARPULVER.  Ergot. 

GE1LENAU,  MINERAL  WATERS  OV. 
Geilenau  is  a  village  in  the  grand  duchy  of 
Nassau,  at  no  great  distance  from  Frankfort. 
The  waters  contain  carb  nic  acid,  carbonate, 
sulphate  and  phosphate  of  soda,  chloride  of  so- 
dium;  carbonate  of  lime,  magnesia  and  iron. 

GEISMAR.  MT.\  ERAL  WATERS  OF.  The 
mineral  waters  of  Geismar  in  Bavaria  are  aci- 
dulous chalybeates. 

GELAPPIUM,  Convolvulus  jalapa. 

GELASMUS,  Risus  sardonicus. 

GEL'ATIN,  Gelatine,  Geluti'na,  Galreda, 
from  (F.)  GeU-.e,  'gelly  or  jelly.'  An  immediate 
animal  principle.  It  is  semitransparent,  insipid, 
inodorous,  insoluble  in  cold  water,  very  soluble 
in  hot;  which  it  thickens,  and  transforms  into 
gelly  on  cooling.  Gelatin  is  a  very  nutritious 
substance;  and,  when  dissolved  in  a  considera- 
ble quantity  of  water,  forms  an  emollient  fluid, 
much  used  in  therapeutics,  but  not  the  most 
easy  of  digestion. 

Gelatin  of  Whahtow,  Gelati'na  JVharlo- 
nia'na,  Jelly  of  the  Cord.  A  soft,  dense,  fluid, 
gelatinous  substance,  which  envelops  the  uai- 
bilical  cord,  and  is  conceived,  by  some,  to  be  in- 
servient  to  the  nutrition  of  the  foetus. 

GELATINA  AQUAT1CA,  Brasenia  hydro- 
peltis. 

GELATIO.  Congelation. 

GELEE,  Gelly. 
•  GELLY  or  JELLY,  Jus  gela'tum,  Gelu,  Jus 
coagula'tum,  (F.)  Gelec.  A  substance  of  a  soft 
consistence,  tremulous,  and  transparent,  which 
is  obtained  by  an  appropriate  treatment,  from 
animal  and  vegetable  matters:  hence  the  dis- 
tinction into  animal  and  vegetable  jelly.  The 
former  is  merely  a  concentrated  solution  of  ge- 
latin, left  to  cool. 

Vegetable  Jelly  is  found  in  the  juice  of  the 
currant,  mulberry,  and  of  almost  all  acid  fruits, 
when  ripe.  It  is  of  itself  colourless,  but  almost 
always  retains  a  little  colouring  matter  of  the 
fruit  which  has  furnished  it.  Il  has  an  agree- 
able taste;  is  scarcely  soluble  in  cold  water, 
but  boiling  water  dissolves  it  readily:  the  jelly 
is,  however,  almost  all  deposited  on  cooling. 
If  this  aqueous  solution  be  boiled  for  a  long 
time,  it  becomes  analogous  to  mucilage,  and 
loses  the  property  of  being  jellied  on  cooling. 

GELOri,  Risus. 

GELSEMI'NUM  NIT'IDU.M,  Yellow  Jcs'- 
samine.  The  flowers,  root,  &c,  of  this  shrub 
are  narcotic,  and  the  effluvia  from  the  former 
are  said  sometimes  to  induce  stupor. 

GELU,  Gelly. 

GEMELLl,  Gastrocnemii,  Ischio-trochante- 
rianus,  Testicles. 

GEMEI/LUS,  Gem'inus,  Did'ymos,  SiSvuoe, 
'a  twin.'  (FA  Jumeau,  Jumelle,  Bcssou,  Be$- 
sonne.  One  of  two  children,  born  at  the  sam« 
accouchement. 

Gemellus  AJus'culus.  Cowper  applies  this 
name  to  the  long  portion  of  the  triceps  bra- 
chialis  united  to  the  inner  portion. 

GEMINI,  Ischio-troc-hanterianus.  Teslicles. 

GEMINUM  CENTRUM  SEMICIRCU- 
LARE,  Taenia  semicircularis. 


GEMINUS 


347 


GENEVA 


GEMINUS,  Gemellus. 

GEMMA,  Granulation— jr.  Oculi,  Crystal- 
tine. 

GEMMIPAROUS,  see  Generation, 

GHMUR'SA,  a  Corn;  also  a  name  given  by 
the  ancients  to  a  disease  sealed  between  the 
toes; — the  nature  of  which  is  unknown  to  us. 

GEN,  Gen'esis,  'generation,'  From  yswaw, '  1 
make.'     Hence  Hydrogen,  Osteogeny,  &c. 

GEN  A.  The  Cheek,  Genys,  Parei'a,  Ga.mphc'le, 
Gnat  ho  s,  Mala.  ('/.)  Jour.  The  cheeks  form 
the  lateral  parts  of  the  mouth.  Externally,  they 
have  no  precise  limits:  they  are  continuous, 
above,  with  the  lower  eyelid;  beluw,  they  de- 
scend as  far  as  the  base  of  the  jaw:  before,  they 
terminate  at  the  aire  nasi,  and  at  the  commis- 
sures of  the  lips;  and  behind,  at  the  ear.  Their 
thickness  varies,  according  to  the  degree  of  fat- 
ness of  the  individual.  They  are  formed  of  three 
layers; — one  dermoid,  another  muscular,  and 
the  third  mucous. 

GENC/VES,  Gingiva;. 

GENEl'AS,  Lanu'go  prima.  The  downy 
hairs,  which  first  cover  the  cheek.  Also,  a 
bandage  which  passes  under  the  chin. 

GENEION,  Beard;  Mentum. 

GENERAL  ANATOMY,  see  Anatomy. 

GI'JXERALE,  Influenza. 

GENERATION,  Gencra'tio,  Gen'esis,  from 
j's  vm,  or  ytrruto, '  I  engender.'  Under  this  name 
physiologists  comprehend  the  aggregate  of 
functions,  which  concur,  in  organized  beings, 
towards  the  production  of  their  kind.  The  act 
of  generation  means  the  union  of  the  sexes. 
See  Coition.  The  writers  of  antiquity  believed, 
that  all  organized  bodies  are  produced  either  by 
what  is  termed  unifocal  or  regular  generation, 
(Homogen'esis,  genera'tia  homogen'ea,  propa- 
ga'tio.)  which  applies  to  the  upper  classes  of 
animals  and  vegetables,  or  by  spontaneous  gene- 
ration, (Heterogen'esis,  genera'tio  heterogefi'ea, 
sequiv'oca,  primiti'va,  vrimog"ena,  origina'ria, 
sponla'nea,)  which  they  considered  applicable 
to  the  very  lowest  classes  only,  as  the  mush- 
room, the  worm,  the  frog,  &c.  There  are  still 
many  distinguished  naturalists  who  consider 
that  beings  low  in  the  scale  of  animality,  are 
produced  in  the  latter  way.  Spontaneous  gene- 
ration  and  equivocal  generation  have  bt-en  re- 
garded by  many  to  be  synonymous.  Others. 
however,  mean  by  spontaneous  generation,  the 
production  of  a  new  being  from  the  mere  com- 
bination of  inorganic  elements;  whilst  by 
equivocal  generation  they  understand  the  evo- 
lution of  a  new  being  i'roin  organized  beings 
dissimilar  to  themselves,  through  some  irregu- 
larity in  their  functions,  or  through  the  incipi- 
ent decay  or  degeneration  of  their  tissues.  As 
to  the  mode  in  which  regular  generation  is, 
accomplished,  there  have  been  many  views. 
According  to  the  doctrine  of  Hippocrates,  and 
of  the  ancient  philosophers,  the  ovaries  of  the 
female  furnish  a  prolific  fluid,  similar  to  that  of 
the  male;  and  the  (ictus  results  from  the  mixture 
of  the  two  seeds  in  copulation.  Steno  and  others 
conceived,  that  the  ovaries  contain  ova,  which 
are  not  developed  until  vivified  by  the  male 
sperm.  Bonnet  and  Spallanzani  believed  in 
the  pre-existence  of  germs,  created  since  the 
origin  of  the  world,  but  encased  in  each  other, 
and  becoming  developed  in  succession;  whence 
it  would  follow,  that  the  ovary  of  the  first 
female  must  have  contained  the  germs  of  all 


subsequent  generations;  and  that  the  number 
of  these  germs  must  go  on  always  diminish- 
ing, until  ultimately  extinct  This  was  the 
system  of  the  evolution  of  ger?ns.  According 
to  Leeuenhoek, the  ovaries  do  not  contain  eggs, 
but  vesicles  destined  to  receive  animalcules; 
which,  in  his  vieiv,  live  in  the  sperm.  Thou- 
sands of  these  animalcules  are  thrown  into  the 
uterus  during  copulation,  and  the  most  expedi- 
tious and  vigorous  reaches  the  ovary,  after 
having  scattered  and  deetroyed  its  competitors. 
Uuffon — admitting  the  hypothesis  of  the  two 
seeds  —  supposes  that  they  were  formed  of 
molecules  proceeding  from  every  part  of  the 
body  of  each  parent;  and  that,  by  a  kind  of  re- 
spective affinity,  those  which  were  furnished 
by  the  head,  the  trunk,  or  the  extremities  of 
the  male  parent,  could  only  unite  with  those 
proceeding  from  the  same  parts  of  the  female. 
Before  him,  Maupertuis,  admitting,  with  many 
of  the  ancient  philosophers,  the  system  of  Epi- 
genesis.und  adopting,  as  regarded  the  composi- 
tion of  the  sperm,  a  theory  analogous  to  that  of 
IJufFon,  had  supposed  that  the  molecules,  capa- 
ble of  beinrr  organized,  were  attracted  towards 
a  centre;  that  the  nose  attracts  the  two  e3'es; 
the  body,  the  arms;  the  arms,  the  hands,  &c, 
nearly  as  the  particles  of  a  salt,  dissolved  in  a 
liquid,  arrange  themselves  in  regular  crystals 
around  the  same  nucleus.  These  and  various 
other  systems  have  been  successively  proposed 
and  rejected,  and  the  mystery  of  generation  re- 
mains impenetrable.  The  simplest  kind  of  re- 
production does  not  require  sexual  organs."  The 
animal  separates  into  several  fragments,  which 
form  so  many  new  individuals.  This  is  Fissip'- 
arous generation.  Gemmip'arous generation  con- 
sists in  the  formation  of  buds,  sporules  or  germs 
on  some  part  of  the  body,  which  at  a  particu- 
lar period  drop  off  and  form  as  many  new  indi- 
viduals. In  Oviparous  generation,  the  egg  is 
hatched  out  of  the  body;  in  ovoviviparo  us  gene- 
ration the  new  being  is  hatched  in  the  excretory 
passages.  In  viviparous  generation,  the  new  in- 
dividual is  born  under  its  appropriate  form ;  and 
in  marsupial  or  marsupiate  generation,  the 
young  being,  born  at  a  very  early  stage  of  deve- 
lopment, is  received  and  nourished  in  a  marsu- 
piuni  or  pouch. 

All  the  acts  comprising  the  function  of  gene- 
ration in  men,  may  be  referred  to  five  great 
heads.  1.  Copulation.  2.  Conception  or  fecun- 
dation. 3.  Gestation  or  Pregnancy.  4.  Delivery 
or  Accouchement  i  and,  5.  Lactation. 

Generation,  Organs  of,  Female,  see 
Vulva. 

GEN'EROUS,  Genero'sus.  A  name  given 
to  wines  which  contain  a  great  quantity  of 
alcohol 

GENESIS,  Generation,  Gen. 

GENET,  Spartium  scoparium—  g,  des  Tchi- 
luriers,  Genista  tinctoria. 

GENETHLIACUS,  from  ym&Uoj,  'natal,' 
•'  pertaining  to  nativity.'  A  name,  given  by  the 
ancients  to  certain  astrologers,  who,  from  the 
state  of  the  heavens  at  the  time  of  the  birth  of 
an  individual,  predicted  his  future  character 
and  the  events  of  his  life. 

GENET'ICA,  from  yivtotq,  'origin,'  'rise.' 
Diseases  of  the  sexual  functions:  the  5th  class 
in  Good's  Nosology. 

GENETICOS,  Genital. 

GENEVA,  Gin— g.  Hollands,  see  Spirit. 


GENtiVRIER 


348 


GENTIANA  MAJOR 


GENEVRIER,  Juniperus  communis. 
GEJYGIViTE,  Ulitis; 

GEM,  Genian. 

GE'NIAN,  Genia'nus,  from  ytvuov,  'the  chin.' 
The  Genian  apoph'ysis  or  Process,  (F.)  Apo- 
physt:  Gcnicnne  ou  geni,  is  situate  at  the  poste- 
rior part  of  the  symphysis  menti,  and  is  formed 
of  four  small  tubercles. 

GENIE,  Ge'nius.  The  French  sometimes 
apply  this  term  to  diseases,  nearly  synonym 
mously  with  nature  ,■  as  Genie  inftammatoire,  G. 
bilicux,  G.  adynamique.  Some  use  it  in  the 
same  sense  as  type;  Ginie  intermittent.  The 
unwonted  predominance  of  any  mental  faculty 
is  also  so  called. 

G&NIEN,  Genian. 

GEjYIEVRE,  Gin,  Juniperis  communis  (the 
berry.) 

GENI'O-GLOSSUS,  Genio-hyoghs'sus,  from 
ytvsiov,  'the  chin,'  and  yXwaaa,  'the  tongue.' 
Mesoglossus,  JVonus  linguce  mus1  cuius.  The 
name  of  a  flat,  triangular  muscle,  which  extends 
from  the  genian  apophysis  to  the  inferior  sur- 
face of  the  os  hyoides  and  tongue,  which  it 
carries  forward. 

GENI'O-HYOIDEUS,  from  yevtuv,  'the 
chin,' and  'uofi<f»;?, 'the  os  hyoides.'  A  muscle, 
which  arises  from  the  genian  apophysis,  and  is 
inserted  at  the  anterior  part  of  the  body  of  the 
os  hyoides.  Its  use  is  to  raise  the  os  hyoides, 
and  carry  it  forwards.  It  may,  also,  contribute 
to  depress  the  lower  jaw  in  contracting  towards 
the  os  hyoides. 

GENl'0-PHARYNGE'US,fromye,<(ov,<the 
chin,'  and  <paovyi,  'the  pharynx.'  A  name 
given,  by  some  anatomists,  to  a  bundle  of  fibres, 
which  passes  from  the  lower  jaw  to  the  sides  of 
he  pharynx,  and  forms  part  of  the  constrictor 
pharipigis  superior. 

GENIPI  ALBUM,  Artemisia  rupestris—  g. 
Blanc,  Artemisia  rupestris. 

GENISTA,  Spartium  scoparium — g.  Cana- 
densis, see  Rhodium  lignum. 

Genis'ta  Spino'sa  In'dica,  Battel  Schulli. 
An  oriental  tree,  a  decoction  of  the  roots  of 
which  is  diuretic.  The  leaves  boiled  in  vine- 
gar, have  the  same  effect. —  Ray. 

Genis'ta  Tincto'ria,  Dyers'  broom,  Dyers' 
weed,  Green  weed,  Wood  waxen,  (F.)  Genet  des 
Teinturiers,-  is  a  shrub  cultivated  in  this  country 
and  in  Europe.  The  flowering  tops  and  seed 
have  been  used  in  medicine.  It  has  the  same 
properties  as  spartium  scoparium,  (q.  v.) 

GEN'ITAL,  Genitalis,  Genet'icos.  Same 
etymon  as  Generation,  (q.  v.)  That  which  be- 
longs to  generation 

Gen'ital  Organs,  Srx'ual  Organs,  Puden'da, 
Nalura'Ua,  Nutu'ra  JEdce'a,  Me'dia,  Me'zea, 
Me'sa,  Mo' lion,  Interfcmine'um,  Genital  parts, 
Noble  parts,  Nat' vral parts,  Private  parts,  Privi- 
ties, Privy  paTts,  Privij  Members,  the  Parts, 
Partes  genila'ks,  Partes  gcncratio'ni  inservien'- 
tes,  Genita'lia,  Or'gana  gcneratio'ni  inservientia, 
(F.)  Organes  genitaux,  Parties  ginitales,  P. 
honteuses,  P.genitoires,  P  nobles,  P.  sexuelles,  P. 
naturelles,  les  Parties.  The  parts  that  are  inser- 
vient  to  the  reproduction  of  the  species.  These 
are  very  different  in  the  male  and  female.  In 
man,  they  are  numerous;  some  secreting  the 
sperm,  as  the  testicles  and  their  appendages; 
others  retaining  it,  as  the  vesicular  seminales; 
and  another  for  carrying  it  into  the  organs  of 
the  female, —  the   penis.     In   the    female,  the 


parts  of  generation  form  an  apparatus,  perhaps 
more  complicated  than  that  of  the  male.  Some 
are  inservient  to  copulation,  as  the  vulva,  va- 
gina, &c;  others  to  conception  and  the  preser- 
vation of  the  product  for  a  determinate  time, 
as  the  uterus  and  its  appendages;  whilst  others 
concur  in  the  alimentation  of  the  infant  after 
birth,  as  the  mamma. 

GEN1TALE,  Sperm— g.  Caput,  Glans. 

GENITALIA,  Genital  organs. 

GENITU'RA.  That  which  is  fecundated  or 
engendered  in  the  maternal  womb.  This  word 
has  been  used  synonymously  with  embryo, 
fatus,  and  infant.  Also,  the  sperm;  (q.  v.)  and 
the  penis.     See  Gone. 

GENNETICON'OSI,  from  yer^Tixos,  'ge- 
nital,' and  vooog,  'disease.'  Diseases  of  the 
genitals. 

GENOA,  CLIMATE  OF.  The  climate  of 
this  Italian  city  and  its  vicinity  has  been  often 
selected  as  favourable  for  the  phthisical  valetu- 
dinarian during  the  winter,  but  it  is  now  ad- 
mitted to  be  decidedly  improper  for  pulmonary 
affections,  being  subject  to  frequent  and  rapid 
changes  of  temperature,  and  to  dry  cold  winds 
from  the  north,  alternately  with  warm  moist 
winds  from  the  south-east. — Sir  James  Clark. 

GENONU'SI,  Morbi  sexus,  from  ytvos,  'sex,' 
and  vovnoc,  'disease.'     Sexual  diseases. 

GENOS,  Sex. 

GENOU,  Genu. 

GEISOUILEE'S, {Corps.)  Corpora  geniculata. 

GENRE,  Genus. 

GENSANG,  Panax  quinquefolium. 

GENTIA,  Gentianina. 

GENTIAN,  Triosteum — g.  Blue,  Gentiana 
catesbsi — g.  Catesbian,  Gentiana  catesbrei—  g. 
White,  Laserpitium  la ti folium — g.  Southern, 
Gentiana  catesbsi — g.  White,  Triosteum  —  g. 
Yellow,  Gentiana  lutea,  see  Calumba. 

GENTIANA,  G.  lutea— g.  Alba,  Laserpi- 
tium latifolium — g.  Cachenlaguen,  Chironia 
Chilensis — g.  Centaurium,  Chironia  centau- 
rium. 

Gentiana  Catesbje'i;  G.  Cateshia'na,  Blue 
Gentian,  U.  S.  Catcs'bian  Gen'tian,  Southern 
Gentian,  Bluebells,  Bilterroot.  It  is  a  pure  and 
simple  bitter,  and  the  root  may  be  used 
wherever  that  of  the  Gentiana.  lutea  is  proper. 

Gentia'na  Chirayta  or  Chirayi'ta,  Hen- 
rice'a  Pharmacear'cha,  Swer'tia  Chirayi'ta,  Jlga- 
tho'tes  chirayi'ta,  Chircl'ta,  Chirayi'ta.  A  native 
of  India,  which  has  been  much  employed  in 
that  country,  in  dyspepsia,  and  as  an  antipe- 
riodic  in  intermittents.  It  is  preferred  by  some 
to  sarsaparilla,  where  the  latter  is  considered  to 
be  indicated, — as  after  large  quantities  of  mer- 
cury have  been  taken,  or  where  profuse  sali- 
vation has  been  induced.  It  has  also  been  ad- 
vised in  atonic  leucorrhcea.  It  yields  its  vir- 
tues to  alcohol  and  water. 

Gentia'na  Lu'tea.  The  systematic  name 
of  the  officinal  gentian  :  Gentia'na.  major,  G. 
vet'erum,  Gentia'na  rubra,  Yelloio  Gentian,  Fcl- 
wort,  Gentia'na,  Ord.  Gentianea;,  (F.)  Genliant 
jaune.  This  is  a  plant  common  in  the  moun- 
tains of  Europe.  The  root  is  almost  inodorous, 
extremely  bitter, and  yields  its  virtues  to  ether, 
alcohol,  and  water.  ]t  is  tonic  and  stomachic; 
and  in  large  doses,  aperient.  Dose,  gr.  x.  to 
►)ij.  It  is  most  frequently,  however,  used  in 
infusion  or  tincture. 

Gentiasa  Major,  G.  lutea. 


GEiNTIANA  PERUVIANA 


349 


GESTA 


Gentiana  Peruviana,  Chironia  Chilensis — 
g.  Rubra,  G.  lutea — g.  Veterum,  G.  lutea. 
(;i:.YTIJNE  J.lUkE,  Gentiana  lutea. 
GENTIANI'NA,  Gentianine,  Gentianin,  Gen- 
tiania,  Genfia.  An  alkali,  obtained  from  gen- 
tian, and,  according  to  some,  supposed  to  be  its 
active  principle.  It  is  intensely  bitter.  Dose, 
gr.  j  to  iv. 
GENTILIUS,  Hereditary. 
GENU,  Gonij,  yovv  (F .)  Genou.  The  arti- 
culation of  the  leg  with  the  thigh; — the  Fcmo- 
to- tibia  I  joint.  It  is  the  most  complicated  in  the 
body.  It  is  formed  by  the  inferior  extremity  of 
the  femur,  the  superior  extremity  of  the  tibia, 
and  the  roluia.  The  articular  surfaces  of  the 
bones  are  covered  by  layers  of  cartilage — more 
or  less  thick — and  by  the  synovial  membrane  of 
the  articulation.  The  sofi  parts  of  this  joint 
are, — the  iigamentum  patella,  two  lateral  liga- 
ments, distinguished  by  the  names  internal  and 
external,-  a  posterior  ligament;  two  crucial  liga- 
ments,— the  one  anterior,  and  the  other  poste- 
rior; two  interarlicular  fibro-cartilages:  some 
albugineous  fibres,  which  form  an  imperfect 
capsule,  &c.  The  knee  receives  its  arteries 
from  the  femoral  and  popliteal.  They  bear  the 
name  articular.  Its  veins  have  the  same  distri- 
bution as  the  arteries,  and  discharge  their 
blood  into  the  saphena  and  crural  veins.  Its 
nerves  are  furnished  by  the  sciatic,  popliteal, 
and  crural.  The  joint  is  protected  by  the  ten- 
dons and  muscles  which  surround  it. 

The    French    use    the    term   Articulation  en 
genou  for  a  joint,  in  which  the  head  of  a  bone 
i.s  received  into  a  bony  cavity  of  another,  where 
it  rolls  and  moves  in  all  directions. 
GENUGRA,  Gonao-ra. 
GENUINUS,  Legitimate. 
GENUS,  (F.)  Genre.     A  collection  or  group 
of  species,  analogous  to  each  other;  and  which 
can  be  united  by  common   characters.     When 
a  species  cannot  be  referred  to  a  known  genus, 
it  constitutes  a  distinct  one. 

GENYANTRAI/GIA,  from  ytvsiav,  'the 
chin,'  avroov,  'the  antrum,'  and  aZyug,  '  pain.' 
Pain  in  the  antrum  of  llighmore. 

GENYANTRUM,  Antrum  of  Highmore. 
GENYS,  ysvug,  'the  jaw;' also  the  chin.    See 
Gen  a. 

GEOFFRvE'A  INERMIS,  Geoffra/a,  Geo/- 
froy'a,  Cabbage  Tree,  Cubbuge-  Dark  T/ee,  .In- 
dira inermis.  Nat  Ord.  Leguminosa;.  Sex. 
Syst.  Diadelphia  Decandria.  Geoffran  Jamai- 
cm' sis,  Worm-Bark  Tree.  The  odour  of  the 
bark  is  very  unpleasant.  It  is  anthelmintic 
and  cathartic.  Dose,  of  the  powder,  £)j  to  J^ij. 
Geoffkje'a  Surinamen'sis,  Jindira  Surina- 
mensis,  lias  similar  properties. 

Huttenschmidt    has    separated    their    active 

principles,  to  which   he  has  given  the   names 

Jama/cine  and  Surinamint.     They  are  alkaline. 

GEOFFROYA,  Geoffraja  inermis — g.  Jamai- 

censis,  G.  inermis. 

GEOGRAPHY,  MEDICAL,  Geogra'phia 
Med'ica  The  description  of  the  surface  of  the 
globe  as  regards  the  influence  of  situation  on 
the  health,  vital  functions,  and  diseases  of  its 
inhabitants — vegetable  and  animal;  but  princi- 
pally on  those  of  man. 

GEOl'U'AGISM,  Geophag"ia,  Gaophag"ia, 
from  ;•>;,  'earth,'  and  (payoi,  '  I  eat.'     The  actor 
practice  of  eating  earth.     See  Chthonophagia. 
GER'ANIS,  from  yeQavoc,  'a  crane,'  which 


it  resembled.  A  bandage,  used  by  the  ancients 
in  cases  of  fractured  clavicle.  Some  authors 
attribute  it  to  Hippocrates;  others,  to  Peri- 
genes. 

GERA'NIUM,  same  etymon,  because  its 
pistil  is  long,  like  the  bill  of  the  crane.  The 
Crane's  Bill. 

Geranium  Maculatum,  see  Geranium. 

Geranium  Moscha'tum;  Erod'ivm  Moscha- 
tum  (F.)  Bee  de  grue  musque.  A  European 
plant,  esteemed  to  be  excitant  and  diaphoretic. 

Geranium  Noveboracense,  G.  Maculatum. 

Geranium  Roijertia'num:  Stinking  Crane's 
Bill,  Herb  Robert  (F.)  Herbe  a  Robert,  Bee  de 
Grue  Robirtin.  This  plant  was,  at  one  time, 
used  as  an  antispasmodic  and  slight  stimulant; 
as  well  as  for  an  external  application  in  various 
painful  sores  and  inflammations. 

Most  of  the  species  of  geranium  have  been 
used  as  astringents.  In  some  of  the  north- 
western parts  of  the  United  States,  the  root  of 
the  Geranium  maculu'tum — Gera'nium,  (Ph. 
U.  S  ) — G.  JVoveboracen'se,  Spotted  Crane  s  bill, 
Crowfoot,  Alum  root,  TorntentU,  Stork  bill — is 
called  Racine  a  Becquct,  after  a  person  of  that 
name.  It  is  highly  extolled  by  the  Western  In- 
dians as  an  antisyphilitic. 

Geranium  Maculatum,  see  G.  Moschatum. 

GERAS,  Senectus. 

GERM,  Germen,  Blaste'ma.  The  rudiment 
of  a  new  being,  not  yet  developed,  or  which  is 
still  adherent  to  the  mother. 

GERMANDER,  COMMON,  Teucrium  cha- 
maedrys — g.  Creeping,  Teucrium  chainsdrys — 
g.  Marum,  Teucrium  marum — g.  Small,  Teu- 
crium chamsedrys — g.  Water,  Teucrium  scor- 
dium. 

GERMAJVDRkE  AQUATIQUE,  Teucrium 
scordium — g.  Maritime,  Teucrium  marum — g. 
Officinale,  Teucrium  chamcedrys — g.  Scorodiue, 
Teucrium  scordium. 

GERME  FAUX,  Conception,  false. 

GERMEN,  Germ— g.  Dentale, Dental  Pulp— 
g.  Falsum,  Mole — g.  Spurium, Conception, false. 

GERMINAL  CELL,  see  Cytoblast—g.  Mem- 
brane and  Vesicle;  see  Molecule — g.  Nucleus, 
see  Molecule — g.  Spot,  see  Molecule. 

GERMS,  DISSEMINATION  OF,  Pan- 
spermia. 

GEROCO'MIA,  Gerocom'ice,  Geronlocom'ice, 
from  ytoov,  'an  aged  person,'  and  KOftstv,  'to 
take  care  of.'  The  part  of  medicine  whose  ob- 
ject is  the  preservation  of  the  health  of  the 
aged: — the  hygiene  of  old  people. 

GEROCOMICE,  Gerocomia. 

GEROCOMI'UM,  Gerontoeomi'um,  Gerotro- 
plie'um,  same  etymon.  An  hospital  for  the 
aged. 

GAROFLE,  see  Euornia  cary'bphyllata. 

GER0FL2E  JjWJVE,  Cheiranthus  cheiri. 

GERONTOCOMICH,  Gerocomia. 

GERONTOCOMIUM.  Gerocomium. 

GERONTOTOXON,  Gerotoxon. 

GERONTOXON,  Gerotoxon. 

GEROTOX'ON,  Gerontox'on,  Gerontolox'on, 
Mac'ula  cor'nea  arena' tit,  Areas  seni'lis;  from 
ysoov,  '  an  old  person,'  and  Tsi-or,  '  a  bow.'  A 
bow-shaped  obscurity  at  the  under  margin  of 
the  cornea,  common  to  old  people. 

GEROTROPHEUM,  Gerocomium. 
GERSA,  Plumbi  subcarbonas— g.  Serpenta- 
ria3,  see  Arum  maculatum. 
GESTA,  'things  done,'  from  gerere,  gestum, 


GESTATION 


350 


GINGIVA 


'  to  do,' '  carry.'  A  Latin  term,  introduced  by 
Halle,  into  medical  language,  to  designate, 
among  the  objects  which  belong  to  hygiene, 
the  {'unctions  which  consist  in  the  voluntary 
movements  of  muscles  and  organs.  In  the 
class  of  Gcsta  are  found. sleep,  the  talking  state. 
movements  or  locomotion,  and  rest. 

GESTA'TION,  Gesta'tio,  Fhara,  from  ges- 
tare,  'to  carry.'  The  time,  during  which  a  fe- 
male who  has  conceived,  carries  the  embryo  in 
her  uterus.  See  Pregnancy.  Gestation,  like- 
wise, signifies  the  bearing  or  carrying  of  an  in- 
dividual; a  kind  of  exercise,  easier  than  that  in 
which  he  zxioves  by  virtue  of  his  own  powers. 
Thus,  we  speak  of  gestation  on  horseback,  in  'u 
carriage,  &e. 

GESTICULATION,  Gesticuh'tio,  same  ety- 
mon. The  act  of  making  many  gestures;  a 
symptom  in  disease,  which  always  indicates 
very  vivid  sensations.  It  is  met  with  in  nu- 
merous aifections. 

GEUM,  G.  rivale— g.  Palustre,  G.  rivale. 

Geum  Riva'i.e,  G.pahis'tre,  Water  avens.  (F.) 
B&noite  aquatique,  B.  des  Ruisseaux.  Family, 
Rosaces.  Sex.  Syst.  Icosandria  Polygynia.  The 
root  of  this  plant  Geum,  (Ph.  U  S.)  is  astrin- 
gent. It  has  been  much  extolled  in  the  cure  of 
intermittents,  diarrhoeas,  hemorrhages,  <ltc. 

Geum  Ukba/num,  Caryophyllata,  Caryo- 
phyl'lus  vulga'ris,  Sanamun'da,  Lagophthal'mus, 
Caryophyl'Ia,  Janamun' da.  Common  areas,  Herb 
Bennet,  Ilcrba  henedicta,  (F.)  Benoite.  The 
root  of  this  plant  has  a  smell  not  unlike  that  of 
cloves.  Taste  bitterish,  austere;  virtues  yielded 
to  water  and  alcohol.  It  has  been  used  in  in- 
termittents, dysentery,  chronic  diarrhoea,  debi- 
lity, &c     Dose,  £ss  to  gj  of  the  powder. 

Geum  Virginia'nom,  White  avens, ^Averts, 
Evan  root,  Choc'olate  root,  Bennet,  Throat  root, 
Cureall,  (F.)  Benoite  de  Virginie,  is  common 
from  Maine  to  Carolina  and  Kentucky,  flower- 
ing in  June  and  July.  It  has  the  same  medical 
properties  as  Geum  rivale. 

GEUMA,  Taste. 

GEUSION'OSl,  from  yiva,c,  'taste,'  and 
voaog,  'disease.'  Geusionu'si.  Diseases  of  the 
organ  or  sense  of  taste. 

GEUS1S.  Taste. 

GEUTHMOS,  Taste. 

GEZ1R,  see  Pastinaca  opoponax. 

GEZIT,  Cagot. 

GliZITAIN,  Cagot. 

GHERKIN,  see  Cucumis  sativus. 

GHITTA  JEMOCO,  Cambogia. 

Gl  A  LAPPA,  Convolvulus  jalapa. 

GIBBA,  Hump. 

GIBBEROSITAS,  Gibbositas. 

GIBBOSTTAS,  Gibberos'itas,  Cypho'sis,  from 
(F.)  Gibbeuz,  (L.)  Gil/bus,  'something  arched 
or  vaulted,  prominent.'  Gibbosity,  Gib'b 
Curvature  of  the  spine,  Hijbu'ma.  A  symptom 
which  occurs  in  different  diseases;  particularly 
in  rickets  and  caries  of  the  vertebra:.  See 
Hum]). 

Gibbositas  Catmosa,  Vertebral  disease. 

GIBBOUSNESS,  Gibbositas. 

GIBBUS.  Hump— g.  Poltii,  Vertebral  disease. 

GIBLETS.  According  to  Minsheu,  from 
'it;  but,  according  to  Junius,  from 
(F.)  Gibicr,  '  crame.'  The  word  seems  to  be  the 
old  (F)  Gibelfz,  Gibelet,  &c  ,  i.  e.  Gibier,  (L.) 
Cibarium,  food,  (F.)  Abattis.  It  means,  gene- 
rally, the  parts  which  are  cut  off  from  a  goose 


before  it   is   roasted.     Also,  the  extremities  of 
fowls,  such  as  the  head,  wings,  feet;  to  which 
ire   sometimes   added,  the   liver,  gizzard,  &c 
Soup   made   from   these,  is    moderately    nutri- 
tions. 

GIDDINESS.  Vertigo. 

G1GARUS  SERPEN'TARIA,  Arum  dracun- 
culus. 

GILARUM.  Thymus  serpyllum. 

GILEAD,  BALM  OF,  see  Amyria  opabal- 
samum. 

GILET  DE  FORCE,  Waistcoat,  strait. 

GILL,  Glecoma  hederacea. 

Gill-go  by-ground,  Glecoma  hederneea. 

GILLA  THEOPHRASTI,  Zinci  sulphas- 
g.  Vitrioli,  Zinci  sulphas. 

GILLENIA  S77PULACEA,  Small-flowered 
In'dian  Physic  has  the  sam?  properties. 

GiLT.r.'NiA  Trifolia'ta,  Spirce'a  trifolia'ta, 
romown  GVdt'nia,  Indian  Physic,  Western  Drnp- 
irort,  Indian  Hippo,  Ipecac,  Bov: man's  root,  Mea- 
eloio  sweet,  Beaumont  root.  Nut.  Ord.  Rosacea? 
Sex  Syst.  Icosandria  Pentagynia.  The  root 
of  this  shrub, — Gille'nia,  (Ph.  U.  S.) — which 
grows  plentifully  in  the  United  States,  is  a  sale 
and  efficacious  emetic,  in  the  dose  of  about  30 
grains  It  resembles,  in  its  properties,  the  ipe- 
cacuanha. 

GILLIFLOWER,  Dianthus  caryophvllus. 

GLM'BERNATS  LIGAMENT.  A  fibrous, 
triangular,  expansion,  which  is  detached  from 
the  posterior  and  inner  part  of  the  crural  arch, 
and  is  inserted  into  the  crest  of  the  pubis.  This 
ligament  forms  the  inner  part  of  the  superior 
aperture  of  the  crural  canal.  It  is  one  of  the 
most  frequent  causes  of  strangulation  in  crural 
j  hernia. 

GIN,  Holla  mis,  Geneva,  (F.)  Genievre.  This 
'  spirit,  which  is  distilled  from  corn  and  juniper 
'berries,  or  from  some  substitute  for  them,  is 
largely  used  in  Great  Britain;  and  is  extremely 
detiimcntal,  to  the  lower  classes  particularly. 
It  possesses  the  properties  of  other  spirituous 
liquors;  but  is,  in  popular  medicine,  more  used 
than  other  varieties,  in  cases  of  colic  or  intesti- 
nal pain  of  any  kind.     See  Spirit. 

GIN  DRINKERS'  LIVER,  Liver,  nutmeg. 

GINGEMBRE,  Amomum  zingiber. 

GINGER,  Amomum  zingiber — g.  Beer  pow- 
der, see  Amomum  zingiber — g.  Indian,  Asarum 
Canadense — g  Jamaica,  concentrated  essence 
of,  see  Amomum  zingiber — a-.  Preserved,  see 
Amomum  zingiber  —  g.  Wild,  Asarum  Cana- 
dense 

GINGIBRA'CHIUM,  from  gingivx,  'the 
gums,'  and  brachium, '  the  arm.'  A  name  given 
to  the  scurvy,  because  the  gums  and  arms  are 
chiefly  affected  by  it.  It  lias,  also,  been  called 
Gingipc'tlium,  because  the  lower  limbs  are  in 
many  cases  the  seat  of  scorbutic  spots. 

Gingibrachium,  Porphyra  nautica. 

GINGIPEDIUM,  see  Gingibrachium,  Por- 
phyra  naut  ;ca. 

GLNGI'ViE,  from  gignere,  'to  beget,'  be- 
cause the  teeth  are,  as  it  were,  be^o; 
them.(?)  The  gums,  oi/2a,  Via,  Carnic'ula  (F.) 
Gencives.  The  portion  of  the  mucous  membrane 
of  the  mouth  which  cover-  the  maxillary  bones 
to  the  level  of  the  alveolar  arches.  The  ennns 
are  formed  of  a  red  tissue,  more  or  less  solid, 
and  of  a  fibro-mucous  nature,  which  adheres 
strongly  to  the  necks  of  the  teeth,  and  transmits, 
between  the  roots  and  their  alveoli,  a  very  thin 


GIJMGLYMOID 


351 


GLANDULE  ARTJCULARES 


ion;  the  alveolo- dented  •periosteum.     The 

gums  fix  the  teeth  and  contribute  greatly  to 
their  solidity.  In  the  aged,  after  the  loss  of  the 
teeth,  (hey  become  iibrous  and  very  solid,  and 
are  inservient  to  mastication. 

GING'LYMOID,  Gingfymoidtpis,  from  yiy- 

:/).:  uug,  'a  ginglymus,"  and  ciSog,  'resemblance.' 

Resembling  a  ginglymus  or  hmoe.     An  epithet 

applied  to  joints  which  resemble  a  hinge,  as  a 

rnnid  joint. 

tA[JS,  ytyyXvfios,  Cardinamen'tum, 
Curdo,   'a    hinge.'     (F.)    Churniere,  Articula- 
tion en   char-nitre.     A    species   of  diarthrodial 
.articulation,  which    only   admits  of  motion    in 
two  directions,  like  a  hin^e, — as  the  knee-joint 

n  •     -  ° 

or  elbow-joint. 

GINSENG,  Panax  quinquefolium — g.  Blue, 
Caulophyllum  thalietroides — g.  Yellow,  Caulo- 
phyllum  thalictroides — g.  Horse,  Triosteum — 
g.  White.  Triosteum. 

GIRARDROUSSIN,  Asarom. 

GIRL.  This  seems,  formerly,  to  have  been 
an  appellation  common  to  both  sexes.  Many 
etymologists  deduce  the  word  from  the  Su. 
Goth.  Karl,  'a  man.'  It  means  a  young  fe- 
male. (L.)  Filia,  from  ipt?.eiv,  'to  love,"  Virgo. 
(F.)  Fille. 

GIIIOFLE,  see  Eugenia  caryophyllata. 

GISSA,  Cynanche  parotidrea. 

GIZZA  III),  Ventriculus  callosns. 

GLABELLA,  Gabellaj  Mesophryon. 

GLAUPJTiES.  Calvities. 

GLACE,  Ice. 

GIPICIALE,  Mesembryanthemum  crys'alli- 
num. 

GLACIES,  Ice. 

GLADIOLUS,  Machaerion— g.  Crcruleus, 
Iris  Germanica. 

Gladi'olcs  Commu'nis,  G.  vulgdris,  Victoria'- 
lis  rotun'da,  Comflag,  Victoria' lis  feminea.  (F.) 
Glayeul.  The  root  of  this  plant  has  been  con- 
sidered aphrodisiac.  Applied  in  cataplasm,  it 
has  been  extolled  against  scrofulous  tumours. 

Gladiolus  Luteus,  Iris  pseudacorus — g. 
Vulgaris,  G   communis. 

GLADIUS,  Penis. 

GLAMA,  Lippitudo,  Chassie. 

GLAND,  Glun'dula,  from  glans,  (q  v.)  'an 
acorn,  a  kernel,'  Aden.  The  ancient  anatomists 
gave  this  name  to  a  number  of  organs,  of  a  tex 
ture  generally  soft,  and  a  shape  more  or  less 
globular,  but  differing  greatly  in  their  nature 
and  functions.  They  applied  it,  for  instance, 
1.  To  those  organs  which  separate  from  the 
blood  any  fluid  whatever.  When  such  organs 
were  composed  of  several  lobules,  united  by 
common  vessels,  they  received  the  name  con- 
rate  glands,  as  the  parotid,  pancreas.  &c. 
'2.  To  the  reddish  and  spongy,  knot-like  bodies, 
which  are  met  with  in  the  course  of  the  lym- 
phatics. These  they  called  conglobate  glands. 
See  Ganglion,  'lymphatic;)  and  Hdly  and  lastly, 
to  various  other  organs,  whose  intimate  texture 
and  functions  are  still  unknown,  as  the  Pineal 
gland.  Pituitary  gland,  (Pan/Is  of  Pacchioni, 
Thyroid  gland,  Thymus  gland.  Supra-renal. 
glands,  &c.  Chaussier  restricts  the  word  gland 
to  those  softish,  granular,  lobated  organ-,  com- 
posed of  vessels,  nerves,  and  a  particular  tex- 
ture, of  which  there  are  seven  kinds  in  the 
human  body,  viz.  the  lachrymal,  salivary,  and 
mammary,  the  testicles,  the  liver,  pancreas, 
and  kidneys.     These  are  all  destined  to  draw 


from  the  blood  the  molecules  necessary  for 
the  formation  of  new  fluids;  and  lo  convey 
these  fluids  externally,  by  means  of  one  or  more 
excretory  ducts.  Several  glands,  besides  their 
excretory  ducts,  have  especial  reservoirs,  in 
which  the  fluids,  secreted  by  them,  collect,  re- 
main for  a  greater  or  less  space  of  time,  and 
undergo  slight  modifications  before  being  eva- 
cuated;— such  are, the  gall-bladder  for  the  liver, 
the  urinary  bladder  for  the  kidneys, &c.  Each 
gland  has  an  organization  peculiar  to  it,  but 
we  know  not  the  intimate  nature  of  the  glan- 
dular texture. — Malpighi  believed  that  the  ves- 
sels terminate  in  small,  solid  masses,  to  which 
he  gave  the  name — glandulai  grains.  In  these, 
he  considered,  the  excretory  ducts  originate. 
Ruysch  thought  that  the  glands  are  entirely 
vascular,  and  that  the  excretory  ducts  are  im- 
mediately continuous  with  the  vasa  afferentia, 
&c.  The  best  view,  perhaps,  is,  that  the  ex- 
haling or  secreting  vessel  is  distributed  on  the 
animal  membrane,  that  forms  the  blind  extre- 
mity of  the  excretory  duct,  and  that  the  secre- 
tion is  effected  through  it  by  means  of  cells. 

The  term  glande  (F.)  is  sometimes  appropri- 
ated to  the  tumour  formed  by  inflammation  or 
engorgement  of  a  lymphatic  ganglion. 

GLAND,  Glans  — g.  Globate,  Conglobate 
gland — g.  Prostate,  Prostate — g.  Salivary,  ab- 
dominal, Pancreas. 

GUhXDAGE,  Adenopbvma. 

GLJJs'DE,  Gland — g.  Tit yro'ide,  see  Thyroid 
gland. 

GLANDERS,  Equinia — g.  Farcy,  see 
Equinia. 

GLANDES  BRONCHIQUES,  Bronchial 
glands — g.  Conglobees,  Conglobate  glands — jr. 
de  Croissance,  Waxing  kernels — g.de  Meibomius, 
Meibomius,  glands  of. 

GLANDIFORM  CORPUSCLE,  Acinus— g. 
Ganglion,  see  Ganodion. 

GLAND! UM,  Thymus. 

GLANDS,  see  Quercus  alba — g.  Accessory, 
Cowper's  glands — g,  A poric, Ganglions,  glandi- 
form— g.  Blind,  Ganglions,  glandiform — g.  Ha- 
ver's, Synovial  glands  —  g.  of  Bartholinus, 
Cowper's  glands  of  the  female — g.  Cowper's, 
see  Cowper's  glands — g.  of  Duverney,  Cowper's 
glands  of  the  female — g.  Lenticular,  Lenticu- 
lares  glandule — g.  Liebe'rkiihn's,  Lieberkuhn's 
glands — g.  Miliary,  Sebaceous  glands — g.  Oil, 
Sebaceous  elands— g.  Peyeri,  Peyeri  glandula? 
— g.  Renal,  Capsules,  renal — g.  Sebaceous,  see 
Sebaceous  gl  mds— g.  of  Willis,  Albicantia  cor- 
pora, Mamillary  tubercles. 

GLANDULA,  Gland  — g.  ad  Anres,  Parotid 
— g.  Bartholiniana,  Sublingual  gland — g.  Basi- 
lars, Pituitary  gland — g.  Innoininata  Galeni, 
Lachrymal  gland — g.  Mucosa, Conglobate  gland 
— g.  Pinealis,  Pineal  gland — g.  Pituitosn,  Pitui- 
tary "land — g.  Riviniana,  Sublingual  gland — g. 
Salivalis  abdominis.  Pancreas— g.  Thymus, 
Thymus — g.  Thyreoidea,  Thyroid  gland." 

Glakdci.je  Articclares,  Synovial  elands — 
g.  Assistenles,  Prostate — g,  Brunneri,  Brun- 
ner's  glands— g.  Cervicis  uteri,  Nabothi  glan- 
dular—g.  Dura  matris,  G.  Pacchioni— g.  Dura 
meningis,  G.  Pacchioni — g.  in  Agmen  congre- 
gates intestinorum,  Peyeri  glandulse — g.  Intesti- 
nales,  Peyeri  glandule— g.  Meibomianae,  Mei- 
bomius, glands  of— g.  Mucosas  coagminalse  in- 
testinorum, Peyeri  glandule — g.  Muciparse 
racematim  congests  intestinorum,  Peyeri  glan- 


GLANDULE  I  RE 


352 


GLOBULES  OF  THE  BLOOD 


dulffi— g.  Myrliformes,  Carunculce  rnyrtiformes 
— g.  Odorifera?  Tysoni,  see  Sebaceous  glands — 
g.  Peyerianae,  Peyeri  glandulas— g.  Plexiformes, 
Peyeri  g. — g.  Prostata}  mulierum,  see  Corpus 
glandulosum  mulierum  —  g.  Sebaceae  ciliares, 
Meibomius,  glands  of — g.  Solitaries,  Brunner's 
glands — g.  Spuria,  Peyeri  g.,  Ganglions,  glan- 
diform—  g.  Sudonferae,  see  Perspiration  —  g 
Suprarenales,  Capsules,  renal — g.  Vasculosis, 
Conglomerate  glands. 

GLAJYDULAIRE,  Glandular. 

GLAND'ULAR,  Glandularis,  Glandulu'sus, 
(F.)  Glandulaire,  Glanduleux:  having  the  ap- 
pearance, form,  or  texture  of  Glands;  as  a 
glandular  body,  a  glandular  texture,  &c. 

GLANDULEUX,  Glandular. 

GLANDULO'SO-CARNEUS.  Ruysch  gives 
this  epithet  to  fleshy  excrescences    which   he 
found  in  the  bladder. 
x     GLANDULOSUS,  Glandular. 

GLANS,  ('an  acorn.')  Bal'anvs,  Cyt'taivs, 
Cuspis,  Caput,  C.  Penis,  Gcnitu'le  caput.  (F.) 
Gland.  The  extremity  of  the  penis  and  of  the 
clitoris.  The  glans  penis  is  of  a  conical,  slightly 
flattened  shape.  It  is  continuous  with  the 
urethra,  which  opens  at  its  apex;  and  is  cir- 
cumscribed by  a  projecting  edge  called  the  Co- 
rona gland: 's.  It  is  covered  by  a  thin  mucous 
membrane;  is  furnished,  at  its  base,  with  se- 
baceous follicles,  called  glan'dulx  odoriferse 
Tyso'ni,  the  secretion  from  whicli  is  termed 
Smegma  prepu'lii  ,■  and  can,  almost  always,  be 
covered  by  the  reflection  of  the  skin,  called  the 
prepuce.  Lastly,  it  is  formed  of  a  spongy  tex- 
ture, susceptible  of  being  thrown  into  erection. 

Glans  Cutor'idis  is  smaller.  It  is  imperfo- 
rate, and  likewise  covered  with  a  sort  of  pre- 
puce formed  by  the  mucous  membrane  of  the 
vulva. 

Glans  Jovis  Theophhasti,  Fagus  castanea 
—  g.  Uln;e,  Olecranon — g.  Unguentaria,  Gnilan- 
dina  moringa. 

GLARE  A.  Gravel. 

GLASS,  Vitrum. 

GLAUBER'S  SALTS,  Soda,  sulphate  of. 

GLAUCEUO,  Glaucoma. 

GLAUCO'MA,  from  yxuiKoc,  'sea-green.' 
Glauco'sis,  Glance!  do,  Cataradta  glauca,  Oc'- 
ulus  ca-'sius,  Cx'sins,  Phtharma  glauca' ma.  Pu- 
mp'sis  glaucu'sis,  Jlpoglauco'sis,  Amongst  the 
older  pathologists,  this  word  was  used  synony- 
mously with  cataract.  It  is  now  ordinarily 
applied  to  opacity  of  the  vitreous  humour  or 
of  the  tunica  hyaloidea,  which  manifests  itself 
by  a  grayish  or  greenish  spot,  apparent  through 
the  pupil.  The  diagnosis  is  generally  difficult; 
and  the  disease  is  almost,  always  incurable. 

Glaucoma  Woulhoijsi,  Cataract. 

GLAUCOS1S,  Glaucoma 

GL.4YEUL,  Gladiolus  vulgaris — g.  Puaut, 
Iris  fcetidissirna. 

GLECHO'MA  HEDERA'CEA,  Heder'ula, 
Ckumarle'  ma,  Vulumin'ta  hurhil'ior,  Ckamaecis'- 
sits,  llccl'tra  tirrcs'i.ris.  Nep'eta  ale.chu'rna,  Ground 
icy.  Gill,  GiS-go-by -ground,  Alehnof,  Robin  run- 
away, (F.)  Lierre  terrestre,  Te.rreile.  This  plant 
has  a  strong  smell,  and  a  bitterish,  somewhat 
aromatic,  taste.  It  has  been  considered  expec- 
torant and  Ionic. 

GLECHON   Mentha  pulegium. 

GLECHONI'TIS.  Wine,  impregnated  with 
the  Glechon, yXr>xwv,mentha  pulegium,  or  penny- 
royal. 


GLEET,  see  Gonorrhoea. 

GLENE,  y\q>i),  '  the  pupil  of  the  eye.' 

GLENOID,  Glene. 

Gle'noid  or  Gleno'iu'al,  Gleno'idu'lis,  Gle- 
no'i'des,  Gleno'des,  from  y>-',"h  'the  pupil,'  and 
ado;,  'resemblance.'  (F  )  Gleneide  ou  Glenoi- 
dale.  Any  Bhallow,  articular  cavity,  which  re- 
ceives the  head  of  a  bone;  such  as,  I.  The  »/o 
noid  cavity  or  fossa  of  the  scapula,  passu  gle- 
no'idea,  Omocot'ylB,  Entypo'sis,  is  situate  at  the 
anterior  angle  of  the  scapula;  and  is  articulated 
with  the  head  of  the  humerus.  2.  The  gle- 
noid cavity  or  fossa  of  the  temporal  bone.  It 
is  seated  between  the  two  loots  of  the  zygo- 
matic process,  and  receives  the  condyle  of  the 
lower  jaw. 

Glenoid  Lig'ament,  (F.)  Ligament  Glenoi- 
dien,  is  a  fibrocartilaginous  ring  or  bourrelet 
which  seems  formed  by  the  expansion  of  the 
tendon  of  the  long  head  of  the  biceps  brachials, 
and  surrounds  the  glenoid  cavity  of  the  scapula, 
the  depth  of  which  it  increases. 

G  L  6N0  IDA  LE,  Glene. 

GLISCHRAS'MA,  Glis'chrofes,  from  yhf, 
<%quivu,  (yXiet,  'glue,')  'I  become  glutinous.' 
Lentor,  viscidity — Hippocrates 

GLISCHROCH'OLOS,  from  ylirxfjog,  'vis- 
cid,'  and  y/'li],  'bile.'  Excrements  which  are 
glutinous  and  bilious. 

GLISCHROTES.  Glischrasma. 

GLISOMARGO,  Creta. 

GLOBE.  Bandagre  (head.) 

GLOBE-FLOWER,  Cephalanthus  occiden- 
talis. 

GLOBULAIRE  PURGATIVE,  Globularia 
alypum 

GLOBULA'RIA  AL'YPUM,  Globularia, 
Montpd'litr  Turbith.  (F  )  Globulaire purgative, 
Turbith  blanr.  The  leaves  of  this  plant  are 
bitter,  and  have  been  used  in  intermittents  and 
in  constipation.     See  Alypon. 

GLOB'ULE,  Ghb'ulus,  Sphx'rion:  a  small 
globe. 

Gi.oium.es  of  the  Blood,  Blood- corpuscles, 
Blood-disks,  Blond-resides,  (F.)  Globuksdu  sung, 
Globuli,  Vesiculaa  sen  Pollixuli  sanguinis,  are 
small,  spherical  bodies,  which  are  particularly 
observable  when  the  transparent  parts  of  cold- 
blooded animals  are  examined  by  the  aid  of  the 
microscope.  They  were  first  seen  by  Malpighi, 
and  are  met  with  in  the  blood  of  all  animals. 
The  globules  of  blood  are  circular  in  the  mam- 
malia, and  elliptical  in  birds  and  cold-blooded 
animals.  They  are,  also,  flat  in  all  animals, 
and  composed  of  a  central  nucleus  enclosed  in 
a  membranous  sac.  Chemically  they  consist  of 
hajmatin  and  globulin — haemato-globulin. 

Size  of  the  Globules. 
Sir  E    Home  and  Bauer,  with  }  1.1700th  part  of 

colouring  matter $         an  incn* 

Filer,....: 1.1930 

Sir  E.  Home,  and  Bauer,  with-  >  .  oncin 

out  colouring  matter ) 

Jorin 1.2000 

M  uller 1.2:300  to  1 .3500 

Hodgkin,    Lister,    and     Ru- )     „„„- 

dolphi 5 

Sprengel 1.3000  to  1  3500 

Cavallo, 1.3000  to  1.4000 

Bin  men  bach  and  Senac, 1.:: 

Tabor 1.3000 

Milne   Edwards, 1.3000 


GLOBULE  D'AR.LNTIUS 


353 


GLOSS0SC0P1A 


Wagner, 1.4(00 

Kater, 1 .40(  0  to  1.6000 

Prevost  and   Dumas, 1.405(3 

Haller,Wollaston, and  Weber,  1 .5000 

Young, 1 .60C0 

GLOBULE   D'ARAjYTIUS,  s- e   Sigmoid 

valves—  ir,  du  sang.  Globule  of  the  blood. 
GLOBULI  ARTERIARUM  TERMINI,  see 

Acinus — g.  Sanguinis.  Globules  of  the  blood  — 
ff.  Tartan  martiales,  Ferrum  lartarizatum — g 
Tartratis  ferri  et  lixivia;.  Ferrum  tai  tarizatum. 

GLOB'U  LTN,  Glob'uline,  Blood  cast  in.  The 
colourless  substance  lhal  remains  after  the  ab- 
straction of  the  colouring  matter  of  the  blood- 
corpuscle.  It  is  a  peculiar  albuminous  princi- 
ple. The  globulin  of  Berzelius  consists  of  the 
envelopes  of  the  blood  globules,  and  of  the  part 
of  their  contents  that  remains  after  the  extrac- 
tion of  the  hcematosin.  Lecanu  regards  it  as 
identical  with  albumen;  and,  according  to  Mul- 
der, it  belongs  to  the  combinations  of  protein 

The  term  globulin  is  likewise  given  by  M. 
Donne  to  small  granulations  appertaining  to 
the  chyle,  which  are  observable  in  the  blood 
with  tiie  microscope.  They  are  small  white 
pustules,  roundish,  isolated  or  irregularly  ag- 
glomerated grains;  of  about  the  1-300  of  a 
millimetre  in  diameter,  and  are  regarded  by  M. 
Donne  as  the  first  elements  of  the  blood  glo- 
bules. They  are  the  white  granulated  corpuscles 
of'Mandl. 

GLOBULUS  STAPEDIS  OSSIS,  Os  orbiculare. 

GLOBUS  HYSTERICUS,  Nodus  hyster'- 
icus,  An'gone,  (q.  v.)  A  sensation,  experienced 
by  hysterical  persons,  as  if  a  round  body  were 
rising  from  the  abdomen  towards  the  larynx, 
and  producing  a  sense  of  suffocation. 

Globus  Martialis,  Ferrum  tartarizatum: 

Globus  UteRi'nos.  A  term  applied  by  ac- 
coucheurs to  the  round  tumour,  formed  by  the 
uterus  in  the  lower  part  of  the  abdomen,  imme- 
diately after  delivery. 

GLOMERATE,  Conglomerate. 

G  L  O  S  S  A,  Glo.tu,  ykwoau.,  yXtarra,  '  the 
tongue,'  fq.  v  )      Hence: 

GLOSSAGRA,  Glossalgia. 

GLOSSAL'GI  A ,  Glosf  sagra ,  from  yKmava; '  the 
tongue,1  and  uyX'.e.  '  pain.'     Pain  in  the  tongue. 

GLOSSAJNTH  RAX,  from  yXtuoaet,  "the 
tongue,'  and  ur9oii,  'a  carbuncle.'  Carbuncle 
of  tlit  tongue.  A  disease  more  common  in  cattle 
than  m nn. 

GLOSSIANUS,  Lingdal  muscle. 

GLOSSI'TIS,  from  yXwrtra,  'the  tongue,' 
and  ilis,  a  suffix  denoting  inflammation.  Glos- 
son'cus  inflamrnuto'rius,  Angi'na  Ungua'ria,  In 
flammation  of  the  tongue.  (F.)  Inflammation 
dr.  Lt.  Langue.  When  confined  to  the  mucous 
membrane,  it  is  of  slight  importance.  That 
which  affects  the  whole  of  the  tongue  is  a  se- 
rious disease,  and  requires  the  vigorous  use  of 
antiphlogistics.     lt  is  rare. 

GLOKSOCATOCHUS,  from  yXaaa*,  'the 
tongue,]  and  %uxiya.  '  1  arrest.'  Linguse  Dcten'- 
tor,  Spec'ulum  Oris,  (F.)  Abaisseur  de  In  langue. 
An  instrument,  the  invention  of  which  is  at- 
tributed to  Paulus  of  JEgina,  and  which  was 
employed  to  depress  the  tongue,  in  order  to  ex- 
amine diseases  of  the  fauces.  It  was  composed 
of  two  branches;  one  of  which  had,  at  its  ex- 
tremity, a  plate  for  depressing  the  tongue; 
whilst  the  other,  shaped  like  a  horse  shoe,  was 


applied  under  the  chin.  The  finger,  or  the 
handle  of  a  spoon,  or  a  spatula,  is  now  alone 
used  in  similar  cases. 

GLOSSOCE'LE,  from  yXoirtru,  'the  tongue,' 
and  x.\hj,  'hernia,'  'tumour.'  Hernia,  of  the 
Tongue.  Projection  of  the  tongue  from  the 
mouth.  It  depends,  generally,  on  an  inflam- 
matory swelling  of  the  organ.  At  times,  how- 
ever, a  chronic  glossoctle,  or  sort  of  (.edematous 
engorgement,  is  met  with;  which  proceeds  to  a 
great  length;  and  deforms  the  dental  arches, 
the  lips,  &c.  Inflammatory  glossocele  must  be 
combated  by  antiphlogistics.  In  the  oedematous 
kind,  such  as  is  sometimes  caused  by  excessive 
salivation,  the  infiltrated  fluid  may  be  pressed 
back  by  the  hand  of  the  practitioner,  to  get  the 
tongue  behind  the  teeth;  and  it  may  be  kept 
there  by  a  piece  of  gauze  tied  over  the  mouth. 
The  chronic,  elongated  kind  sometimes  requires 
amputation  of  a  portion  of  the  organ. 

GLOSSOCOMA,  Glossospasmus. 

GLOSSOG'OMON,  Glossodomum,  Ghssoco- 
mi'on,  from  y/uw<r«,  'the  tongue,'  and  >tcn/e/v, 
'  to  guard.'  The  ancients  gave  this  name  to  a 
small  case  for  holding  the  tongues  of  their 
wind-instruments.  By  extension,  it  was  ap- 
plied to  the  box  or  cradle  in  which  fractured 
limbs  were  kept.  We  find,  in  the  ancient 
writers,  a  Glossocomon  of  Hippocrates,  of  Nyni- 
phodorus,  Galen,  &c. 

GLOSSO-EPIGLOT'TICUS.  That  which 
belongs  to  the  tongue  and  epiglottis.  Some 
anatomists  have  so  denominated  certain  fleshy 
fibres,  which  pass  from  the  base  of  the  tongue 
towards  the  epiglottis.  These  muscles  are  more 
evident  in  some  of  the  mammalia  than  in  man; 
and  their  use  seems  to  be,— to  raise  the  epi- 
glottis, and  to  remove  it  farther  from  the  glottis. 
Santorini,  who  described  them  after  Eustachius, 
calls  them  Rctrnctu' res  Epiglotftidis. 

GLOSSOG'RAPHY,  G/ossogra'phia,  from 
ylwira,  'the  tongue,'  and  yonptj,  'a  descrip- 
tion.'    An  anatomical  description  of  the  tonoue. 

GLOSSO-IIY'AL.  A  name  given,  by  Geof- 
frey Saint-Hilaire,  to  the  posterior  cornua  of  the 
os  hyoides. 

GLOSSOL'OGY,  Glossohg"i.n,  from  yXwvva, 
'the  tongue,'  and  Xoyug,  'a treatise,'  'a  discourse.' 
A  treatise  of  the  tongue, 

GLOSSOL' YS1S,  Glossoph' 'gia,ftom  yXma^a, 
'the  tongue.'  and  Xvoic;,  'solution.'  Paralysis 
of  the  tonjrue. 

GLOSSOMANTTA,  Prognosis  ex  lingua, 
from  yXwara,  '  the  tongue,'  and  mi-niu,  '  divina- 
tion.'    Prognosis  from  the  state  of  the  tongue. 

GLOSSOiVCUSjfroui  yXimva,  'the  tongue,' 
and  oj-xsff, 'tumour.'  Exonco'sis  lingux.  Swell- 
ing of  the  tongue. 

Glossoncus  Inflammatories,  Glossitis. 

GLOSSO-l'ALATlNUS,GIosso-staphylinus 
—  g.  Pharyngeal,  Pharyniro  glossal 

GLOSSO-PHA  RYNGEAL,  Glosso-pharyn- 
geus — g   Nerve,  Pharyngo-glossal  nerve. 

G LOSSO-  PH  A RY NG K U S,  Glosso -pharyn- 
geal, from  yXuaaa,  'the  tongue,'  and  qnnuy"-, 
'  the  pharynx.'  Belonging  to  the  tongue  and  the 
pharynx.  Some  anatomists  thus  designate  cer- 
tain fleshy  bundles,  which  arise  from  the  lateral 
patts  of  the  base  of  the  tongue,  and  are  inserted 
into  the  parietes  of  the  pharynx.  They  form 
part,  of  the  constrictor  pharyngis  superior,  (q.  v. ) 

GLOSSOPLEGIA,  Glossolysis. 

GLOSSOSCOP'IA, from  yXiuors/the  tongue/ 


GLOSSOSPASMUS 


354 


GLUTTONY 


and  0-nontw,  'I  view.'     Inspection  of  the  tongue 

as  an  index  of  disease. 

GLOSSOSPAS'MUS,  Glossoco'ma,  from  ylwtr- 
a-j,  'the  tongue,"  and  oiraa/uos,  'spasm.'  Cramp 
or  spasm  of  the  tongue. 

GLOSSO-STAPHYLFNUS,  from  YX0,<rra, 
'the  tongue,'  and  erayvXr],  '  the  uvula.'  Glos- 
sojKilati'nus,  Conslric'tor  Islhmi  Faucium.  A 
•small,  ihin,  narrow,  and  lour  muscle,  which 
arises  from  the  base  of  the  tongue,  and  is  in- 
serted at  llie  inferior  and  lateral  part  of  the 
velum  palati,  in  the  anterior  pillar  of  which  it 
is  situate.  lis  use  is  to  contract  the  isthmus 
faucium,  by  depressing  the  velum  palati,  and 
raisino-  the  base  of  the  tongue. 

GLOSSOT'OMY,  Gbssotom'ia,  from  yXtooaa, 
'  the  tongue,'  and  rcursiv,  'to  cut  '  Dissection 
of  the  tongue.     Amputation  of  the  tongue. 

GLOTTA,  Glossa,  Tongue. 

GLOTTIS,  yXcarxtg,  (also,  'the  mouth-piece 
of  a  flute,')  Lig'ula..  A  small  oblong  aperture, 
situate  at  the  upper  part  of  the  larynx.  This 
aperture  is  comprised  between  the  rbordse  va- 
cates. It  is  narrow,  anteriorly;  wider,  posteri- 
orly; and  is  capable  of  being  modified  by  mus- 
cular contraction,  as  may  be  required  by  the 
voice.  It  is  by  the  chorda;  vocalcs,  that  voice 
is  produced.  The  glottis  is  nearly  an  inch  long 
in  the  adult  male:— less  in  the  female  and  child. 

Glottis  is,  by  some,  used  synonymously  with 
ventricle  of  the  larynx:  with  others,  it  includes 
the  whole  of  the  larynx. 

Glottis,  Lips  of  THE,Thyreo-arytenoid  liga- 
ments. 

GLOUGLOU  D'UNE  BOUTEILLE,  Gurg- 

ling. 

GLOUTERON,  Arctium  Lappa— g.  Petit, 
Xanlhium. 

GLOUTIUS,  Gluteal— g.  Maximus  et  exti- 
mus,  Glutaeus  maximus— g.  Secundus  et  me- 
dius,  Glutneus  medius — g.  'Fortius  et  intimus, 
GluUeus  minimus. 

GLOWWORM,  Cicindela. 

GLUJ)J\'T,  Glutinous. 

GLUCOSURIA,  Diabetes  mellitus. 

GLUE,  FISH.Ichthvocolla. 

GLUE  BONE.  Osteocolla. 

GLUTEUS  MAGNUS,  G.  major— g.  Major, 
G.  Maximus. 

Glvtm'vs  Max'imus,  Glut ct' us  major. 
imus  et  ex'timvs ghu'tiiis,  G.  magnus,  llio-sacro- 
femora/,-  Sacro-fimoral,  (Ch.)  (F.)  Muscle,  grand 
fessier.  This  muscle  is  situate  at  the  posterior 
part  of  the  pelvis,  and  at  the  upper  and  posle- 
terior  part  of  the  thigh.  It  is  large,  thick,  and 
quadrilateral  ;  and  is  attached,  above,  to  the  pos- 
terior part  of  the  crista  ilii,  to  the  part  of  the 
ilium  comprised  between  the  crista  and  the  up- 
per curved  line,  to  the  posterior  surface  of  the 
sacrum,  coccyx,  and  great  sacro-sciatic  liga- 
ment; and  below,  it  terminates  by  a  broad  apo- 
neurosis, which  is  inserted  into  the  rugged  sur- 
face that  descends  from  the  trochanter  major 
to  the  linea  as  per  a  of  the  femur.  This  muscle 
extends  the  thigh  on  the  pelvis,  and  rotates  the 
thigh  outwards.  It  is  greatly  concerned  in  sta- 
tion and  progression. 

GmtaVs  Me'dius,  Glau'lius  Srcun'dus  ct 
me' dius,  IHo-trocftanterien:  Grand  Wo-tiochan- 
tcrini,  (Ch.)  (F.)  Moyen  This  muscle 

is  situate  in  part  beneath  the  preceding;  it  is 
broad,  very  thick,  radiated,  and  triangular;  at- 
tached, above,  to  the  crista  ilii,  and  to  the  part 


of  the  outer  surface  of  that  bone  comprised  be- 
tween the  three  anterior  fourths  of  its  crista,  its 
upper  curved  line,  and  its  lower;  and,  below,  it 
ends  by  a  tendon,  inserted  at  the  upper  edge  of 
(he  great  trochanter.  It  is  an  abductor  of  the 
thigh;  but  can  turn  the  thigh  outwards  or  in- 
wards, according  as  its  posterioror  inferior  fibres 
are  thrown  separately  into  contraction. 

Glut/e'us  Min'jmos,  Glutafus  minor,  //to. 
ischii-trochantdrien,  Ter'tius  et  In' limits  Glou'tiva 
(F.)  Petit  Fessier,-— Petit  llio-trochantkrien  (Ch.) 
This  muscle,  which  is  situate  beneath  the  pre- 
ceding, is  flat,  triangular,  and  with  radiated 
fibres.  It  is  attached,  adore,  to  the  external  sur- 
face of  the  os  ilii,  from  the  inferior  curved 
line  to  the  acetabulum;  and,  below,  is  inserted 
into  the  anterior  part  of  the  great  trochanter. 
It  has  the  same  uses  as  the  preceding. 

Glutve'us  MiNon.  G.  minimus. 

G  LUTE' A  L,  Glou'tius,  Gl vtsj Ms,from  yXwroc, 
'the  nates'  or  '  buttocks.'  (F.)  Fessier.  That 
which  belongs  or  relates  to  the  nates.  This 
name  has  been  given  to  many  parts  which 
compose  the  nates. 

Glute'al  Artert,  or  Postefrior  ll'iac  .Otiery, 
(F.)  Arterefessiere,  is  one  ofthe  largest  branches 
of  the  hypogastric.  It  makes  its  exit  from  the 
pelvis  at  the  upper  part  of  the  superior  sciatic 
foramen;  gains  the  posterior  part  ofthe  pelvis, 
and  divides  into  two  branches; — the  one  super- 
ficial, the  other  deep-seated.  The  last  subdi- 
vides into  three  secondary  branches,  whose 
ramifications  are  distributed  particularly  to  the 
Gtntxi,  Lot) giss imus  Dorsi,  Sacro-lumbalis,  &c, 
and  anastomose  with  the  sciatic  and  internal 
circumflex  arteries. 

Glute'al  Nerve,  (F.)  Kerf  Fessier,  is  a  large 
branch,  furnished  by  the  5th  pair  of  lumbar 
nerves.  It  is  chiefly  distributed  to  the  glulaei 
muscles. 

Gi.utl'al  Vein,  (F.)  Veine  fessiere,  follows 
the  same  march  as  the  artery  of  the  same  name. 

GLUTEN,  Glu'linum,  Lefltor.  '(Hue,  paste.' 
An  immediate  principle  of  vegetables.  It  is 
soft,  of  a  grayish  white,  viscid  consistence,  and 
very  elastic.  Exposed  to  the  air,  it  becomes 
hard,  brown,  and  fragile;  and,  in  moist  air,  pu- 
trefies. Water  and  alcohol  do  not  dissolve  it. 
It  is  soluble  in  vegetable,  and  in  weak  mineral 
acids,  at  a  high  temperature.  The  farina?,  in 
which  it  is  found,  are  those  preferred  for  the 
preparation  of  bread:  on  account  ofthe  property 
it  has  of  making  the  paste  rise.  It  is  a  com- 
pound of  protein,  and  hence  has  been  ranged 
amongst  the  "proteinaceovs  alimentary  princi- 
ples" by  Dr.  Pereira. 

Gluten  Articulorum,  Synovia. 

GLUTIA,  see  Quadrigemiha  corpora. 

GLUTI  NANS,  Agglutinant. 

GL UTINATIF,  Agglutinant. 

GLUTINATIO,  Agglutination. 

GLUTINEUX.  Glutinous. 

GLU'TINOUS,  Glutino'sus,  Colh'des,  from 
gluten,  'paste,  glue.'  (F  )  Glutinevx,  (Haunt. 
An  epithet  given  to  substances  taken  from  the 
animal  or  vegetable  kingdom,  and  endowed  with 
unusual  viscidity.  The  decoctions  of  marsh- 
mallows,  and  figs,  and  the  jelly  of  hartshorn, 
are  said  to  he  glutinous. 

GLUTINUM,  Gluten. 

GLUTOI,  Nates. 

GLUT/TONY, from glutio,  '1  swallow,'  glut- 
tus,nhe   gullet.'      Lirno'nis   Helluo'num,   (F.) 


GLUTTUS 


355 


GOLD-BEATER'S  SKIN 


nandise.     Excessive  appetite,  owing   to 
habitual  indulgence. 

GLUTTUS,  (Esophagus. 

GLYCANSIS,  Edulcoration. 

GLYCAS'MA,  from  ylvxvq\  'sweet.'  A  sweet 
wine,  prepared  from  must. — Linden. 

GLYCERATOiN,  Glycyrrhiza. 

GLYCERIN,  see  l'mnicdo. 

GLYCTPIOROS,  Solanum  dulcamara. 

GLYOISIDE,  Pffionia. 

GLYCYPHYTON,  Glycyrrhiza. 

GLYCYRRHl'ZA.from  yXvzvg,  'sweet.'  and 
pita,  '  a  root.'  Glycyrrhi'za  Glabra, Liquori'' tin, 
Liquorit"ia  Scyth'ica  {Radix,)  Glyceraton,  C/ij- 
eypli'yton,  hiq'uorice,  Adip'sos,  Akacas,  Alirnos, 
(F.)  Reglisse.  Order,  Leguminosse.  Sex.  Si/st. 
Diadelphia  Decandria.  Tlie  root  of  this  south- 
ern European  plant  is  inodorous;  has  a  sweet 
taste;  is  mucilaginous;  and  leaves,  when  un- 
peeled,  a  decree  of  bitterness  in  the  mouth.  It 
is  used  as  a  demulcent,  and  chiefly  in  catarrh. 
The  extract,  made  from  it  and  sold  in  the  shops, 
is  known  under  the  name  Spanish  Liquorice  or 
Liquorice  Juice,  (F.)  Jus  de  Reglisse. 

Perioral  Balsam  of  Liquorice— a  quack  prepa- 
ration—is said  by  Dr.  Paris  to  consist  chiefly  of 
Paregoric  Elixir,  strongly  impregnated  with  Oil 
of  Aniseed 

GLYSTER  HERBS,  Herbse  pro  Enem'atS. 
The  herbs  ordinarily  sold  by  the  English  apo- 
thecary under  this  title,  are: — mallow  leaves, 
one  part. ;  cluimumile  flowers,  one  part.  (§iss  to 
Oj  of  water.) 

GNAPHAL1UM  DlOiCUM,  Antennaria 
dioica. 

Gnaphalium  Marg  arita'ceum,  Cudweed.. 
Life  everlasting.  An  indigenous  plant,  growing 
in  woods  and  fields,  and  flowering  in  August. 
Its  virtues  are  not  defined,  and  the  same  may 
be  said  of 

Gnaphalium  Polyceph'alum;  Sweet-scented 
Life  everlasting. 

GNATHITIS,  from  yv*6og,  'the  cheek,  the 
jaw.'     Inflammation  of  the  cheek  or  upper  jaw. 

GNATHOCEPH'ALUS,  from  yva&o;,  'the 
jaw,'  and  m^-xlij,  '  head.'  A  monster  who  has 
no  head  visible  externally,  but  exhibits  volu- 
minous jaws. — G.  St.  Hilaire. 

GNATHOPLE'GIA,  from  yra&og,  and  *rxr/,;, 
'a  stroke.'      Paralysis  of  the  cheek. 

G-NATHORRHAG'TA,  from  yvadog,  and 
pijyvvut,  'to  burst  forth.'  Hemorrhage  from  the 
internal  surface  of  the  cheeks. 

GNATHOS,  from  ju<«w,  'I  scrape,  rub.'  The 
cheek,  the  upper  jaw.  Also,  the  partof  the  jaws 
in  which  the  teeth  are  fixed. — Hippocr.,  Foe- 
sius.     See  Bucca,  and  Gena. 

GNATHOSPASMUS,  from  yva6og,  and 
orraf/uog,  '  spasm.'     Spasm  of  the  lower  jaw. 

GNESIOS,  Legitimate. 

GNOSIS,  yvoxrig,  'knowledge.'  A  common 
suffix,  as  in  Diagno'sis,  Progno'sis\  <foc. 

GOACONAZ,  see  Toluifera  balsamum. 

GOATS'  BEARD,  COMMON,  Tragopogon 

GOATS'  THORN.  Astragalus  verus. 

GOBELET  JLU/CTIQUE,  Goblet,  emetic 

GOBLET,  EMETIC'.  Poc'ulum  emet'icum, 
i'ria,  (F.)  Gobelet  imetique.  A  ves- 
sel, made  by  pouring  melted  antimony  into  a 
mould.  By  putting  wine  into  this  and  allow 
ino-  it  to  stand  some  time,  it  acquires  the  pro- 
perly of  producing  vomiting.  'Phis  kind  of 
emetic   has  been  long  rejected ;   as  the  practi- 


tioner could  never  be  certain  of  the  dose  he 
exhibited. 

GODFREY'S  CORDIAL.  A  celebrated  nos- 
trum for  which  Dr.  Paris  has  given  the  ti. Mow- 
ing formula.  Infuse  §ix  of  sassafras  and  of  the 
seeds  of  tarraway,  coriander,  and  anise,  of  each 
3j,  in  six  pints  of  water.  Simmer  the  mix- 
ture until  reduced  to  Ibiv.  then  add  fljvj  of  t/ea- 
dr,  and  boil  the  whole  for  a  few  minutes. 
When  cold,  add  ?iij  of  tincture  of  opium.  The 
following  form  is' recommended  by  a  committee 
of  the  Philadelphia  college  of  Pharmacy*  Tinct. 
Opii,  Qiss;  Syrvpi  Nigri,Oxvy,  Alcoholis,  Oij; 
Aquae,  Oxxvj;  Carbonqtis  Potussw,  Sfijss;  Old 
Sassafras,  f.  giv,  M.     It  is  anodyne. 

GODRONN&  (Canal,)  Cana'lis  Prtilia' avs, 
Couronne  eiliaire,  Canal  de  Petit,  Canal  gou- 
droune,  BuUular  canal  of  Petit.  Petit  gave  this 
name  (from  (F.)  godron,  'a  plait  or  fold,')  to 
the  semicircular  canal,  formed  by  the  tunica 
hyaloidea  around  the  edge  of  the  crystalline;  be- 
cause it  appears,  as  it  were,  plaited  or  festooned. 

GOGGEE  EYE,  Strabismus. 

GOITRE   Bronchoeele. 

GOITREUX,  (F.)  One  affected  by  Goitre  or 
Bronchoeele. 

GOLD,  Aurum,  Chrysos,  (F.)  Or.  A  solid, 
yellow,  very  brilliant,  hard,  very  ductile,  mal- 
leable, tenacious,  and  heavy  metal  ;  found  in 
nature, either  in  its  nativcstate,or  combined  with 
a  little  silver,  copper  or  iron.     S.  a'-  19  25. 

Muriate  of  Cold',  Chloride  of  Cold,  Ami  Chh'- 
riilum,  A.  Terc'tlo' ridum,  A.  Marias,  A.  Chlpru- 
rr.'iiiin,  A.  Murial'icum,  A  Chlora'tum,  A.  Oxy- 
dula'lum  murial'icum,  A.  Sali'tum,  (F.)  Chlorure 
d'or,  Muriate  d'nr,  has  been  admitted  into  the 
Pharmacopoeia  of  th*e  United  States,  and  into 
that  of  Paris,  &c.  Tiie  formula?,  however,  dif- 
fer. That  of  the  United  States  is  a  muriate 
with  two  bases  ;  and  is  prepared,  according  to 
the  form  of  Dr.  Chrestien,  by  dissolving  the 
gold  in  a  mixture  of  nitric  and  muriatic  acids, 
and  adding  muriate  of  soda  to  the  residuum 
after  evaporation  ;  then  redissolving  and  evapo- 
rating slowly  to  dryness.  The  Parisian  formula 
for  the  Muriate  d'or,  Marias  seu  Chlorure' lam 
Auri,  consists  in  simply  dissolving  the  gold  in 
the  acids,  and  evaporating  to  dryness.  It  has 
been  recommended  as  an  antisy  philitic  in  old, 
rebellious,  venereal  affections,  exostoses,  and 
in  venereal,  scrofulous  or  cancerous  glandular 
enlargements.  Dose,  gr.  1  -8th  to  gr.  ss,  rubbed 
on  the  tongue  or  gums.  Internally,  one-six- 
teenth of  a  grain,  in  pill. 

Various  other  preparations,  as  the  Cfuni.de, 
or  Tercif ani.de,  (Auri  Cyan'idum,  A.  Cijunure'- 
tum,A.  Tercyan'idum ;)  the  metallic  gold  in  a 
state  of  division  (Aurum  metullicum,  Pulvis 
Auri)  obtained  by  amalgamating  gold  with 
mercury  and  driving  the  latter  off  by  heat,  and 
in  the  form  of  tilings  (Aurum  limatum;)  the 
Chloride  of  Cold  and  So/Hum  (Aurum  inueiat'- 
icum  natrona'tum,  A.  muriat'icum,  A.  chlora'- 
tum natrona'tum,  Chlore'tum  Au'ricum  Chlore'to 
natrii,  Marias  Autico-na'tricum,  Chlorure'tum 
auri  el  natrii,  Hydrochlorate  or  muriate  of  Cold 
and.  Soda,  (F.)  Hydrochlorate  ou  Muriate  d'or,- 
the  jVitromuriate  of  Cold,  (Aurum  Nitrico-muri- 
.'.  hitromu'rias)  and  the  Oxide  of  Cold 
(Auri.  Ox'.dum,  Aurum  Oxidatum,)  have  been 
employed  in  the  like  affections,  and  with  simi- 
lar results. 

Gold-Beater's  Skin.     The  intestina  recta 


GOLD,  CHLORIDE  OF 


356 


GONORRHOEA 


of  the  os,  which  have  been  beaten  quite  smooth, 
for  the  manufacture  of  gold  leaf.  Used  as  a 
defensive  dressing  for  slioht  cuts,  &c. 

Gold,  Chloride  of,  G.  Muriate  of — g.  Cy- 
anide of,  see  Gold— g.  Nitro-muriate  of,  see 
Gold — g.  Oxide  of,  see  Gold — g.  and  Sodium, 
Chloride  of  oxide  of,  see  Gold — g.  and  Soda, 
hydrochlorate  of,  see  Gold — g.  and  Soda,  mu- 
riate of,  see  Gold. 

Gold  Leaf,  Aurvm  folia' turn,  Aurum  in  li- 
bcllis.  Used  to  gild  pills  and  to  plug  carious 
teeth. 

Gold  Thread,  Coptis. 

GOLDEN  ROD,  Solidago  virgaurea. 

GOLDEN  S,  Chrysanthemum  Leucanthe- 
mum. 

GOLDEN-SEAL,  see  Calumba,  Hydrastis 
Canadensis. 

GOLDWASSER,  see  Spirit. 

GOLFE,  Sinus— g.  dela  Vcinejagulaire,  see 
Jugular  veins. 

GOLUNCHA,  Menispermum  cordifolium. 

GOMME,  Gumma,  Gummi — g.  Ad  rag  ant, Tia- 
gacanth — g.  A mmoniaque ,  Ammoniac  gum — g. 
Ambique,  Acacia?  gummi — g.  Aslringente  de 
Gamble,  see  Butea  frondosa — g.  Caragne,  Ca- 
ranna — <?.  Carane,  Caranna — g.  Guaiac,  Guaia- 
cum — ir.  Gutte,  Oambogia — g.  de  Lierre,  see 
Hedera  helix — g.  du  Pays,  Gummi  nostras — g. 
Sirapkique,  Sagapenum. 

GOMPHI'ASIS,  Gomphias'mus,  Agomphi'- 
asis,  from  yop^poe,  'a  nail.'  A  disease  of  the 
teeth,  and  particularly  of  the  molares;  loose- 
ness of  the  teeth  in  their  sockets.  Pain  in  the 
teeth. 

GOMPHIASMUS,  Gomphiasis. 

GOMPHIOI,  Molar  teeth. 

GOMPHOMA,  Goinphosis. 

GOMPHOS,  Clavus. 

GOMPHO'SIS,  Car dinamen' turn,  Clava'tio, 
Gomplto'ma,  Coagmenta'tio,  I  nclava' tio,  from 
ycufo$,'<i  nail.'  Engotnpho'sis.  An  immova- 
ble articulation,  in  which  one  bone  is  received 
into  another,  like  a  nail  or  peg  into  its  hole. 
Gomphosis  is  only  met  with  in  the  articulations 
of  the  teeth  with  the  alveoli.  It  is,  also,  called 
Articulation  far  implantation. 

GONACRASIA,  Spermatorrhoea. 

GONACRAT1A,  Spermatorrhoea. 

GON' AGRA,  from  yew,  'the  knee,' and  ayoa, 
'a  prey.'  That  which  attacks  the  knees.  Gout 
in  the  knees.     Paracelsus  calls  it  Genugra. 

GON  AL'GIA,  from  yovv,  '  the  knee,'  and  aX- 
yc?,'pain.'  Pain  in  the  knee.  Gornjal'gia.  This 
is  almost  always  produced  by  gout.  It  may, 
however,  depend  on  some  other  disease,  either 
of  the  knee  or  of  another  part; — particularly  of 
the  hip-joint. 

GONARTHRI'TIS,  from  yovv,  'the  knee,' 
apdpov,  'joint,'  and  ids,  denoting  inflammation. 
Inflammation  of  the  knee-joint. 

GONAURA,  see  Sperm. 

GOJVDOLE  OCULAIRE,  Scaphium  oculare. 

GONDRET'S  COUNTER-IRRITANT, 
Pommarle  de  Gondret. 

GONti,  Gonos,  Gcnilu'ra.  The  semen;  (hence, 
gonorrhoea)—  the  uterus.—  Hippocrates. 

GONECYSTIDES,  Vesicular  seminales. 

GONECYST1TIS,  Inflamma'tio  vesica  la' rum 
semina'Uum,  '  from  yon;,  '  sperm,'  xvoc.ic,  '  blad- 
der '  and  itis,' denoting  inflammation.'  Inflam- 
mation of  the  vesiculae  seminales. 

GOXFLEMENT,  Swelling. 


GONGRONA,  Bronchocelc. 

GONGRO  PHTHISIS,  Phthisis  pulmonalis. 

GONGYLION,  Pilula. 

GONOBOLIA,  Ejaculation,  spermatic. 

GUJVOCACE,  Hy'drarthrus. 

GONOCELE,  Spermatocele. 

GONOI'DES,  from  yovij, 'the  seed,'  and  eidof, 
'appearance.'  Genitu'ras  tsim'ilis.  Similar  to 
sperm.  Spermatic  or  Sperm! atoid.  A  term  ap- 
propriated to  any  substance,  which  resembles 
sperm. 

GONORRHOEA.  Erroneously  called  from 
yon/,  'the  sperm,'  and  qsw,  '  1  flow,'  because  the 
older  writers  believed  it  to  be  a  flux  of  semen. 
Blennorrha' gia,  Blennorrhea,  Blennure'thria, 
Pludlorrhai'a,  Medorrhce'a,  M.  viri'lis,  Catu/rhus 
Gonorrhce'a,  C.  ure'three,  Urethritis,  Inflamma'- 
tio ure'lhrse.  Urethral' gia,  Proflu'viurn  muco'sum 
ure'thrx,  Blennorrhea  urethra! I'm,  Catar'rlnts 
urethra' I  is,  (F.)  Acoulement,  Ur6thrite,  Uritrile. 
An  inflammatory  discharge  of  mucus  from  the 
membrane  of  the  urethra  in  both  sexes;  and 
from  that  of  the  prepuce  in  man,  and  the  va- 
gina in  woman.  It  may  be  excited  sponta- 
neously, or  by  irritants  applied  directly  to  the 
membrane;  but  is,  usually,  produced  by  impure 
connexion.  Two  great  varieties  have  been  ge- 
nerally reckoned  . — 1.  Gonorrhoea  Pura  vel 
Benig'na.  That  which  does  not  follow  an  im- 
pure connexion;  (F.)  Echavfement;  the  Blen- 
norrhagiabenigna: — and  2.  Gonorrhoea Jmpu'ra, 
rnalig'na,  contagiosa,  syphilitica,  et  virulen'la; 
Fluor  alius  muJig'nus,  Fluxus  vene'reus,  Blen- 
norrhea luo'des,  Clap,  (F.)  Chaudepisse.  That 
which  is  the  result  of  impure  commerce.  The 
French,  also,  distinguish  the  Chaudepisse 
seche,  or  that,  unaccompanied  with  discharge; 
and  the  Chaudepisse cordee,  Gonorrhoea corda'ta, 
or  that  accompanied  with  chordee.  and  which, 
of  course,  occurs  only  in  the  male.  It  is  the 
kind,  which  most  frequently  engages  the  atten- 
tion of  the  practitioner,  and  is  characterized  by 
mucous  discharge  from  the  urethra  or  vagina, 
intermixed  with  specific  matter,  and  accompa- 
nied by  burning  pain  on  micturition.  It  is  de- 
cidedly infectious.  It  is,  however,  a  distinct 
disease  from  syphilis,  and  never  produces  it. 
Its  duration  is  various,  but  the  inflammatory 
symptoms  usually  subside  in  four  or  five  weeks; 
leaving  generally  behind  more  or  less  of  the 
gonorrhoea  mucosa  or  gleet.  Gonorrhoea  of 
every  kind,  attended  with  any  inflammatory 
symptoms,  is  best  treated  by  the  antiphlogis- 
tic regimen;  avoiding  every  kind  of  irritation, 
and  keeping  the  body  cool  by  small  doses  of 
salts;  and  the  urine  diluted  by  the  mildest 
fluids.  After  the  inflammatory  symptoms  have 
subsided,  cubebs, — or  the  balsam  of  copaiba,  ex- 
hibited in  the  dose  of  a  teaspoonful,  three  times 
a  day,  will  be  found  effectual:  indeed,  during 
the  existence  of  the  inflammatory  symptoms,  it 
often  affords  decided  relief.  Injections  are 
rarely  required. 

Sometimes, gonorrhoea  affects  the  glans;  when 
it  is  called  Gonorrhoea  Spu'ria,  G.  BaHani,  Bala- 
noblcnnon hoe' 'a,  Balanorrhir 'a,  Balanitis,  Blennor- 
r ha! gia  spuria  vel  notha,  (F.)  Btennorrhagie  du 
gland,  Gonorrhea  batardt,  Fuusse  Blennorrha- 
gie.  It  requires  only  cleanliness  and  cooling 
lotions. 

Some  other  varieties  of  gonorrhoea  have  been 
enumerated,  but  they  are  of  little  moment. 

In  consequence  of  repeated  attacks  of  gonor- 


GONORRHOEA  BALANI 


357 


GOUT 


rhoea,  or  of  the  debility  induced  by  a  single  at- 
tack, it  not  unfrequently  happens,  as  already 
remarked,  that  a  constant,  small  discharge  oc- 
curs, or  remains  behind,  after  all  danger  of  in- 
fection is  removed.  The  great  difference  be- 
tween it  and  gonorrhceais.that  it  is  uninfectious. 
The  discharge  consists  of  globular  particles, 
contained  in  a  slimy  mucus,  and  is  generally  de- 
void of  that  yellow  colour,  which  characterizes 
the  discharge  of  gonorrhoea  virulenta.  It  is 
unattended  with  pain,  scalding,  &c.  To  this 
state  Ihe  names  Gleet,  Goncnrha/a  muco'sa, 
Blemiorrha'a  chron'ica,  Blenorrhce'a,  &c,  have 
been  given.  It  is  commonly  a  disease  of  some 
duration,  and  demands  the  use  of  the  copaiba, 
astringent  injections;  and,  if  obstinate,  the  in- 
troduction of  the  bougie. 

Gonorrhoea  Baeani.G.  spuria — g.  Benigna, 
Leucorrhcea — g.  Chordata,  Chordee — g.  Dormi- 
entium,  Pollution. 

Gonorrhoea  Dormien'tium,  G.  Oneirog'onos. 
The  seminal  discharge,  which  occurs  during 
sleep,  and  is  occasioned  by  libidinous  dreams. 

Gonorrhoea  Laxo'rum,  G.  Ihidino'sa,  Sper- 
morrlicc'a  atnn'ica,  consists  of  a  pellucid  dis- 
charge from  the  urethra,  whilst  awake,  without 
erection  of  the  penis, but  with  venereal  thoughts. 

Gonorrhoea  Libidinosa,  G.  laxorum,,  Pollu- 
tion— g.  Mucosa,  (gleet,)  see  Gonorrhoea — g. 
Notha  inveterata,  Leucorrhcea — g.  Oneirogo- 
nos,  G.  dormientium,  Pollution— g  Vera,  Pol- 
lution. 

GOKORRIIlLE  BATARDE,  Gonorrhoea 
spuria. 

GONOS,  Gone. 

GONY,  yorv,  Genu,  (q.  v.)  'the  knee;'  hence: 

GON  Y  AG'  R  A,  from  yorv,  'the  knee,'  and 
ay^a,  '  a  seizure.'     Gout  in  the  knee. 

GONYALGIA,  Gonalgia. 

GONYON'CUS,  from  yow,  'the  knee,'  and 
oyy.oQ, '  a  tumour.'     A  swelling  of  the  knee. 

GOODYE'RA  FUBFS'CENS,  Tussa'ca 
reticulata,  Satyrium,  Keoit'ia,  Rattlesnake  leaf, 
Nettcort,  NetUaf,  Scrafula  weed.  An  indigenous 
plant,  used  empirically  in  scrofula — the  fresh 
leaves  being  applied  to  the  sores.  It  is  em- 
ployed by  the  Indians. 

GOOSEFOOT,  Chenopodium  anthelminti- 
cum — g.  Angular-leaved,  Chenopodium  bonus 
Henricus — g.  Stinking,  Chenopodium  vulvaria. 

GOOSEGRASS,  Galium  aparine,  G.  verum. 

GOOSFSHARE,  Galium  aparine. 

GOOSESKIN,  Horrida  cutis. 

GORD1US  MEDINElNSIS,  Draeunculus.. 

GORGE,  Throat— g.  Grossc,  Bronchocele-— 
g.  (Mai.  de,)  Cynanche. 

GORGERET,  Gorget— g.IJtholome,  Gorget, 
Lithotomy — g.  a  Repotissoir,  see  Gorget. 

GORGET,  from  (F.)  gorge,  'the  throat'  Ca- 
na'lis  canalicula'tus,  Ductar  canalicula'tus.  (F.) 
Gorgcrct.  An  instrument  representing  a  long 
gutter,  in  the  shape  of  a  throat,  which  is  espe- 
cially employed  in  the  operations  of  lithotomy 
and  fistula  in  ano. 

Lithot'omy  Gorget,  (F.)  Gorgcret  Lithotome, 
Cutting  Gorget,  is  the  one  used  in  the  operation 
for  the  stone,  for  the  purpose  of  dividing  the 
prostate  and  the  neck  of. the  bladder,  so  as  to 
enable  the  surgeon  to  introduce  the  forceps,  and 
extract  the  stone.  At  the  end  of  this  gorget  is 
a  crest  or  beak,  which  fits  the  groove  of  the  staff, 
and  admits  of  the  gorget  being  passed  along  it 
into  the   bladder.      Besides  cutting,  there  are 


also  Hunt  gorgets,  intended  to  be  introduced 
into  the  wound — their  concavity  servino-  as  a 
guide  for  the  forceps  into  the  bladder. 

The  chief  modifications  in  the  gorget  have 
been  made  by  Andouillet,  Bell,  Blicke,  Brom- 
field,  Cline,  Desault,  Foubert,  Hawkins,  Larrey, 
Lefivre,  Michaelis,  Thomas,  &c. 

Gorget  for  Fistula  in  Ano  consists  of  a 
s^mi  cylindrical,  wooden  staff;  four  inches 
long,  without  including  the  handle,  and  fur- 
nished with  a  wide  groove.  This  is  introduced 
into  the  rectum  to  prevent  the  point  of  the  bis- 
toury from  injuring  the  intestine,  when  the  in- 
ternal orifice  of  the  fistula  is  deeply  situate 
and  it  is  desirable  to  perform  the  operation  by 
incision.  This  instrument,  invented  by  Mar- 
chettis,  has  been  modified  by  Percy, Runge,  &c. 

Desault  invented  an  instrument  for  conduct- 
ing the  wire  by  the  anus,  in  the  operation  for 
fistula  by  ligature.  He  called  it  Gorgtret  d 
repoussoir. 

Gorget,  Cutting,  see  Gorget  and  Litho- 
tomy. 

GORGO'.NEI  PONTES.  Fountains,  de- 
scribed by  Libavius,  as  containing  water  which 
possessed  a  petrifying  property;  probably,  wa- 
ter holding  in  solution  supercarbonate  of  lime. 

GORGOSSET,  Pyrosis. 

COSIER,  Pharynx,  Throat. 

GOSSUM,  Bronchocele. 

GOSSYP'IUM,  Gossyp'ium  Iicrba'ceum,- 
Gossip'ion  Xy/on,  Bombax,  Cotton.  (F.)  Coton. 
Family  Malvacea?.  Sex.  Syst.  Monadelphia 
Polyandria.  The  seeds  of  the  Cotton  Tree, 
Gossip'ium  arboi'cum,  have  been  administered 
in  coughs,  on  account  of  the  mucilage  they 
contain.  The  cotton  wool  is  used  in  medicine 
for  making  moxas,  &c. 

GOUDRON,  see  Pinus  sylveslris. 

GOUET,  Arum  maculatum. 

GOUkTRE,  Bronchocele. 

GOULARO  WATER,  Liquor  plumbi  sub- 
acetatis  dilutus. 

GOURD,  Cucurbita— g.  Bitter,Cucumis  colo- 
cynthis — g.  Bottle,  Cucurbita  pepo. 

GOURDWORM,  Distoma  hepaticum. 

GOURMJiKDISE,  Gluttony. 

GOURME.  Porrigo  larvalis. 

GOUSSE,  Legumen. 

GOUT,  Arthri'tis,  Morbus  articula'ris,  Gulla, 
Arthro'sia  Pod'agra.  Podatgia,  Pod'  agra,Arthrit'  - 
icus  verus,  Arlliri'tis  Podagra,  Podagra  Arthri- 
tis, Flux'io  arllirit'ica,  Febi  is  arthrit'ica,  Flerecin, 
Gastro-arthri'tis,  Misopto'chos,(F.)  Goulte.  The 
gout  was  formerly  regarded  as  a  catarrh,  and 
received  its  name  from  (F.)  goulte,  (L.) 
gutta,  'a  drop;'  because  it  was  believed  to  be 
produced  by  a  liquid,  which  distilled,  goutle  a 
goulte,  'diop  by  drop,'  on  the  diseased  part. 
This  name,  which  seems  to  have  been  first  used 
about  the  year  1270,  has  been  admitted  into  the 
different  languages  of  Europe.  Gout  is  an  in- 
flammation of  the  fibrous  and  ligamentous  parts 
of  the  joints.  It  almost  always  attacks,  first,  the 
great  toe;  whence  it  passes  to  the  other  smaller 
joints,  after  having  produced,  or  been  attended 
with,  various  sympathetic  effects,  particularly 
in  the  digestive  organs  ;  after  this,  it  may  attack 
the  greater  articulations.  It  is  an  affection 
which  is  extremely  fugitive,  and  variable  in  its 
recurrence.  It  may  be  acquired  or  hereditary. 
In  the  former  case,  it  rarely  appears  before  the 
age  of  thirty-five;  in  the  latter,  it  is  frequently 


GOUT,  DIAPHRAGMATIC 


353 


GRANULATED  LIVER 


observed  earlier.  It  is  often  difficult  to  dis-  j 
UnuruUh  it  from  rheumatism.  A  combination  i 
is,  indeed,  supposed  to  exist  sometimes;  bence 
called  Rheumatic  gout.  During  tlie  paroxysm 
or  fit, a  burning,  lancinating  pain  is  experienced 
in  the  affected  joint, attended  with  tumefaction, 
tension,  and  redness.  One  or  more  joints  may 
be  attacked,  either  at  the  same  time  or  in  suc- 
cession ;  and,  in  either  case,  the  attack  termi- 
nates by  resolution  in  a  few  days.  Tins  is  the 
Arthri'tis  acu'ta,  inflammato'ria  ve!  reguui'ris, 
Regular  gout,  Arthro'sia  pod'agra  regulafris, 
Goutte  regulihe  ckdude.  At  other  times,  pains 
in  the  joints  exist,  of  more  or  less  acute  charac- 
ter; the  swelling  being  without  redness.  These 
pains  persist,  augment,  and  diminish  irregu- 
larly, without  exhibiting  intermission,  and,  con- 
sequently, without  having  distinct  paroxysms. 
The  disease  is  then  called  atonic,  or  asthen'ic, 
imperfect  or  irregular  gout,  Chronic  G,,  Arthritis 
atonica  vel  asthenica,  Arthro'sia  Podagra  larva'- 
ta.  It  is,  also,  commonly  called  in  France 
Goule  froide,  Come  blanche.  It  may  appear 
primarily,  or  succeed  attacks  of  regular  gout. 

Gout  dues  not  always  confine  itself  to  the 
joints.  It  may  attack  the  internal  organs;  when 
it  is  called  Arthritis  a  hi/ runs,  erratica,  Pod'a- 
gra a  her' runs,  Varefni,  Wandering,  misplaced,  or 
anomalous  gout,  (F.)  Goutte  vague. 

Retrograde  gout.  Arthritis  retrog'rada,  Poda- 
gra relrog'rada,  Arthro'sia  Podagra  complica'ta, 
Rece'dent,  mispUced  gout,  (F  )  Goutte  remontee, 
G.  malplacee,  G.  rentree,  is  when  it  leaves  the 
joints  suddenly  and  attacks  some  internal  organ, 
as  the  stomach,  intestines,  lungs,  brain,  &c. 

Gout  is  also  called,  according  to  the  part  it 
may  affect,  Podagra,  Gonagra,  Chiragra,  *.'vc. 
It  may  be  acute  or  chronic,  and  may  give  rise 
to  concretions,  which  are  chiefly  composed  of 
urate  of  soda.  See  Calculus.  (Arthritic.)  It 
inav,  also,  cive  occasion  to  nodosities,  when  it 
is  called  Arthritis  nodosa,  (F.)  Goalie  nouee. 

The  treatment  is  of  the  antiphlogistic  kind, 
and  the  local  disorder  should  he  hut  little  inter- 
fered with.  Colchicum  seems  to  have  great 
power  over  the  disease.  It  forms  the  basis  of 
the  Ecu  mddicinale  d' Husson ,■  a  celebrated 
French  gout  remedy.  The  bowels  must  be 
kept  regular  by  rhubarb  and  magnesia;  and  a 
recurrence  of  the  disease  be  prevented  by  ab- 
stemious habits. 

Gout,  Diaphragmatic,  Angina  pectoris — g. 
Rheumatic,  see  Rheumatism,  acute — g.  Weed, 
Ligusticum  podagraria. 

GOUT.  Taste. 

GOUTTE,  Gout,  Gutta— g.  Blanche.  Gout 
(atonic) — g.  Froide,  Gout  (atonic) — g.  Malpla- 
cee, gout,  (retrograde) — g.  Nou6e,  Gout  (with 
nod os i lies) — g.  Reg uli ere  chaude,  Gout  (regular) 
— g.  Remontee,  Gout  (retrograde) — g,  Rentrie, 
Gout,  (retrograde) — g.  Rose,  Gutta  rosea — g. 
Sciatique,  Neuralgia  femoro-poplitsea — g.  Se- 
reins, Amaurosis — g.  Vttgue,  Gout  (wanderino-.) 

GOUTTEVX,  Arthritic. 

GOUTTIME,  (F.)  ColUd'im.  A  gutter  in 
a  bone,  like  that  used  for  carrying  off  rain. 
Some  of  these  cavities  are  intended  to  facilitate 
the  sliding  of  tendons,  such  as  the  Gouttihre 
Ric'tpitale  or  Bicip'ital  groove.  Others,  as  the 
Gnuiiire  sagittale  or  'Sagittal,  groove,  lodge 
blood-vessels  and  especially  veins.  Others. 
acain,  are  merely  intended  for  the  support  of 
certain  organs;   as   the   Gouitiere  basilaire  or 


Bas'ilary  fossa  (q.  v.)  which  supports  the  me- 
dulla  oblongata. 

GOUTT1&RE  BlClPfTJLE,B\c\pila\  groove 
— g.  Laerymale,  Lachrymal  groove — g.  Sucre, 
Sacral  groove. 

GOUTY  RHEUMATISM,  see  Rheumatism, 
acute. 

GOUVERNAIL  DU  TESTICULE,  Guber- 
naculum  testis. 

GOWN,  RED,  Strophulus— g.  Yellow,  Ic- 
terus infantum. 

GRACILIS,  'slender,'  Rectus  interior  fern'- 
oris  sive  Grad'iUs  interior,  Sous-pubio-creti- 
tibial,  Sous-pubio-pritibtol  (Ch.)  Droit  ou  grek 
interne,  de  la  cuisse.  This  muscle  is  situate  at 
the  inside  of  the  thigh.  It  is  thin  and  very 
long;  and  arises  from  the  descending  ramus  of 
the  pubis,  to  be  inserted  at  the  inner  and  infe- 
rior part  of  the  tuberosity  of  the  tibia,  it  bends 
the  lea  and  causes  abduction  of  the  thigh.  See 
Grele. 

Gracilis,  Anterior,  Rectus  femoris. 

GRAIN,  Granum;  the  (Kith  part  of  a  Troy, 
and  the  ?*2d  part  of  a  Poiris  eh  marc  drachm. 

GRAIKE  D'£CARLATE,  Coccus  cacti— g. 
Muse,  Hibiscus  abelmoschus — g.  dc  Turquie, 
Zea  mays — g.  d' Aspic,  see  Phalaris Canadensis 
— g.  ilc.  Para  dis,  Amomum  grana  paradisi — g. 
de  Perroquet,  Carthamus  linctorius  (seed.) 

GRAISSE,  Pinguedo —  g.  de  Mouton,  Sevuru 
— g.  d'Oie,  Adeps  anseiina  —  g.  Oxaginee,  Un- 
gnentum  acidi  nitrosi — g.  de  Pore,  Adeps  prs- 
parata. 

CRIMEN  iEGYPTIACUM,  G.cruciscype- 
rioid.s — g.  Caninum,  Triticum  repens. 

Grajibs  C  ku  c  I  s  (Jyperioi'dis,  Grnmcn 
JEgyptiacum,  JEgyp'tian  Cork's  foot  grass. 
The  roots  and  plants  possess  the  virtues  of  the 
Triticum  repens,  and  have  been  recommended 
in  the  earlier  stages  of  dropsy.  They  were, 
formerly,  considered  to  possess  many  other 
properties. 

Gramen  Dioscoiunis,  Triticum  repens— g. 
Major,  Sarsaparilla  Germanica — g.  Orientate, 
J  uncus  odoratus — g. Repens,  Triticum  repens — 
g.  Rubrum,  Sarsaparilla  Germanica. 

GRAMIA,  CHASSIE,  Lippitudo. 

GRAMMARIUM,  Scruple. 

GRAMME,  yfuuurj.  An  ancient  weight, 
equivalent  to  the  2-1  th  pari  of  an  ounce,  or  to 
21  grains,  or  a  scruple,  avoirdupois.  At  the 
present  day,  the  gramme  is  equal  in  weight  to 
a  cubed  centimetre  of  water;  or  to  18  grains, 
ppids  de  marc — if>.444  grains,  Troy. 

Gramme,  Iris,  Line. 

GHANA,  Hemicrania — g.  Molucca,  Croton 
tiglium— rg.  Moschi.  Hibiscus  abelmoschus— 
g.  Orientis,  see  Menispermum  cocculus— g. 
Tilii.  Croton  tiglium. 

GRANADILLA,  APPLE  SHAPED,  Passi- 
flora  maliformis. 

GRANATI  RAD1CIS  CORTEX,  see  Punic* 
granatum. 

GRAND  DORSAL,  Latissimus  dorsi. 

GRANDEB'AEjE.  The  hair  which  grows 
in  the  arm  pits 

GRAN  DO,  Chalaza. 

GRANTRISTUM.  Anthrax. 

GRANULAR  DEGENERATION.  OR  DIS- 
ORGANIZATION OF  THE  KIDNEY,  Kid- 
ney,  Brig-fit's  disease  of  the. 

Granular  Liver,  Cirrhosis. 

GRANULATED  LIVER,  Cirrhosis. 


GRANULATION 


359 


GRAVITY,  SPECIFIC 


GRANULATION,  Granula'tio,  from  gra- 
nuni,  'a  grain.'  Gemma,  (F.)  Bourgeon,  B. 
chamn.  Granulations  are  the  reddish,  conical, 
flesh-like  shoots,  which  form  at  the  surface  of 
suppurating  wounds  and  ulcers.  They  are  the 
product  of  inflammatory  excitement,  and  may 
be  produced  in  indolent  ulcers,  by  exciting  the 
parts  by  proper  stimulants.  They  form  the 
basis  of  the  cicatrix. 

Granulation  is,  likewise,  a  name,  <riven  by 
the  modem  French  physicians,  to  an  organic 
lesion,  consisting  in  the  formation  of  small, 
round,  firm,  shining,  semi-transparent  tumours, 
of  the  size  and  shape  of  millet  seed  or  of'a  pea  ; 
which  are  met  with  in  the  lungs  particularly, 
and  in  considerable  quantity;  often  without 
materially  interfering  with  their  functions. 

GRANULATIONS  CEMBRALES,  Glan- 
dular Pacchioni. 

Gh  iNUL  \tio.n  s,  Mi  li  a  it  v,  or  Miliary  tubercles, 
are  the  small  transparent  grains,  of  variable 
size,  from  that  of  a  millet  seed  to  that  of  a 
grain  of  hemp,  which  are  presumed  to  be  the 
primitive  state  of  tubercles. 

GRAN'ULE,  Grmi' iilum;  diminutive  of  gra- 
num.;  'a  grain.'  A  small  grain;  a  small  com- 
pact, particle,  a  cytoblast,  (q.  v.) 

Gran'ules  Sem'inal,  Gnin'ula  Sim'inis.  Mi- 
nute, rounded,  granulated  bodies,  observable  in 
the  semen,  which  are,  in  all  cases,  much  less 
numerous  than  the  spermatozoa.     See  Sperm. 

GRANVILLE'S  LOTION,  see  Lotion, 
Granville's  counter-irritant. 

GRAPE,  see  Vitis  vinifera— g.  Sea-side,  see 
Kino. 

Gbape-Cure,  (F.)  Cure  du  Raisin,  (G.) 
Traubencur.  A  mode  of  medication  in  Ger- 
many, which  consists  in  the  use  of  the  grape 
for  both  meat  and  drink;  nothing  more  at  the 
farthest  being  allowed  than  a  piece  of  dry 
bread.  This  diet  is  continued  for  weeks.  Its 
effects  are  altogether  revellent,  and  resemble  in 
many  respects  those  of  hydropathy ,  (q.  v.) 

Grapes,  Diuf.d,  Uvx  passas. 

GRAPHIOIDES,  Styloid. 

GRAPIIIS'CUS,  Graphis'cus  Di'orfis.  An 
instrument  invented  by  Diodes  for  extracting 
darts.     It  is  described  by  Celsus. 

GRAPH  I'TES,  Plumba'go,  Supercarbure'tum 
Ferri.  Carbure'tum  Ferri,  Ferri  Carbona' turn, 
\per  carbure'tum,  Curl,,)  minera'lis,  Carbu- 
ret of  iron,  Black  lad,  Wad  (F.)  Crayon  noir, 
Plombagine.  This  substance  has  been  esteemed 
slightly  astringent  and  desiccative.  It  has  been 
advised  by  Weinhold  in  the  cure  of  herpes 

GRAPHOIDES,  Styloid. 

GRAS  DES  CAD Al'RES.  Adipocire— g  de 
Jambe,  Sura— g.  des  Cimetieres,  Adipocire"—  g. 
dc  Jambe,  Sura. 

GRAS  FOMJURE,  (F.)  Diarrhcea  adipo'sa, 
literally  molten  grease.  A  species  of  diarrhoea, 
referred  to  by  old  writers;  accompanied  with 
great  emaciation, and  in  which  the  evacuations 
contain  fat  like  matter.  According  to  Sau- 
vages,  the  Gras-fondure  differs  from  colliquative 
diarrhcea  in  not  being  attended  with  hectic 
fev.  r. 

GRASS.  Asparagus— jr.  Bitter,  Aletris  fari- 
nosa—  i;  Canary,  cultivated,  Phalaris  Canad- 
ensis— g.  Couch,  Triticum  ripens — g.  Dog. 
Triticum  repens— g.  Egyptian  cockV  fool, 
Gramen  crucis  cyperioides— g.  Goat's,  Scorzo- 


nera— g.Knot,  Polygonum  avieulare — g.  Sweef, 
Acorus  Calamus— g.  Vipers',  Seorzonera. 

GfiASSET,  (F.)  The  anterior  region1  of  the 
thigh,  bounded  below  by  the  patella. 

GRASSEYEMEJYT,  (F.)  Sonus  blassws,  Ro- 
tacis'mus,  from  (F.)  gras,  'thick,'  'speakin* 
thick.'  According  to  Sauvages,  a  vicious  pro- 
nunciation of  the  letter  r.  "They  who  speak 
thick,  like  the  inhabitants  of  Newcastle,  in 
Englafad,  or  of  Havre,  in  France,  have  diffi- 
culty in  pronouncing  the  r,and  they  frequently 
substitute  for  it  the  "letter  I ,■  but  this  does  not 
properly  constitute  Grasseyement.  It  consists 
in  this:  that,  in  words  iu  which  the  letter  r  is 
joined  to  another  consonant,  a  sort  of  burring 
or  guttural  rolling  is  heard,  nearly  like  that 
produced  by  gargling.     See  Rotacism. 

GRATELLE.  Psoriasis. 

GRATIA   DEI,  Gratiola  officinalis. 

GRATIOLA  CE.NTAURIODES,  G.  offici- 
nalis. 

Ghatiola  Officinalis,  Digita'lis  min'ima, 
Gra'tia  Dei,  Gratiola  Centaur ioides,  Hedge  hys- 
sop, Herb  of  Grace.  It  is  a  native  of  the"lSouth 
ot  Europe,  (F.)  Herbe  au  pauvre  fiomme.  The 
plant  is  inodorous;  taste  sirong,  bitter,  nause- 
ous. It  is  possessed  of  anthelmintic,  purgative, 
emetic,  and  diuretic  properties.  Dose,  ten 
grains. 

GRATTEROJV,  Galium  aparine. 

GRATTOIR,  Raspatorium. 

GRAVATIF,  Heavy. 

GRAVE,  Serious. 

GRAVE  DO,  Catarrh,  Coryza— g.  Neonato- 
rum. Snuffles. 

GRAVEL,  Lilh'ia  rena' lis  arena1  sa,  Litlii'asis 
nephrit'ica,  L.rena'lis,(J )  Gravelle.  A  disease 
occasioned  by  small  concretions,  similar  to 
sand  or  gravel,  Gla'rea,  (F.)  Gravier,  which 
form  m  the  kidneys,  pass  along  the  ureters  to 
the  bladder,  and  are  expelled. with  the  urine. 
These  concretions,  which  are  commonly  com- 
posed of  uric  acid  and  an  animal  matter,  are  de- 
posited at  the  bottom  of  the  vessel,  immediately 
after  the  excretion  of  the  urine;  anil,  by  their 
hardness  and  resistance  under  the  finger,  differ 
considerably  from  the  ordinary  sediment  of  that 
liquid.  A  vegetable  diet  and  alkaline  drinks 
are  the  best  prophylactics.  See  Calculi.  Uri 
nary.  A  Jit  of  the  Gravel,  Nephralgia  cakulo'sa, 
Col  tea.  nephritica,  (q.  v.)  is  the  excruciating 
suffering  induced  by  the  passage  of  gravel  from 
the  kidney  to  the  bladder.  It  can  only  be  re- 
lieved by  opiates,  the  warm  bath    &c 

GRAVEL  GRASS,  Galium  verum. 

GRAVELECX,  Calculous. 

GRAVELLE,  Chzhza,  Gravel. 

GRAVIDA,  Pregnant. 

GRAVIDITAS,  Pregnancy— g.  Interstitialis, 
Pregnancy,  interstitial— g.  "Molaris,  Mole— g 
Spurin,  Pregnancy,  false— g.  Tubaria,  Salpin- 
L.r,,-cyesis— g.  Uteri  substantia,  Pregnancy,  in- 
terstitial °  •" 

GRAVIER,  Gravel 

GRA  VIMETER,  Areometer. 

GRAVIS.  Heavy. 

GRAVITY,  SPECIFIC,  Grav'itas  specif  tea, 
(V  )  Pesanteur  spieifiqne.  The  relation  be- 
tween the  weight  of  a  body  and  its  bulk;  thus, 
supposing  four  bodies  to  be  of  the  same  size, 
but  which  weigh,  one  four,  another  three,  ano- 
ther two,  and  the  fourth  one;  the  specific  gra- 
vity of  the  first  will  be  four  times  greater  than 


GREASE,  BARROW'S 


3G0 


GUAIACUM 


that  of  the  last.  The  specific  gravities  of  dif- 
ferent bodies  are,  therefore,  as  the  weights, 
bulk  for  bulk.  For  solids,  and  liquids,  water  is 
taken  as  the  unit;  atmospheric  air  for  the 
gases.  Thus,  water  is  1.000;  mercury  at  the 
common  temperature,  13.58.  Whence,  we  con- 
clude mercury  is  between  thirteen  and  fourteen 
times  heavier  than  water. 

GREASE,  BARROW'S,  Adeps  suilla— g. 
Goose,  Adeps  anserina— g.  Molten,  Gras-fon- 
dure. 

GREEN  SICKNESS,  Chlorosis. 

GREENWEE1),  Genista  tinctoria. 

GRELE  (F.),  Gracilis,  long  and  thin.  This 
epithet  is  given  by  the  French  to  various  parts, 
as  the 

Apophyse  Grele  du  Marteau,  the  slender  apoph- 
ysis or  process  of  the  mal'lcus,a.  long  process, 
situate  at  the  anterior  part  of  the  neck  of  the 
malleus,  which  passes  out  by  the  fissure  of 
Glaserius.  It  is  also  called  the  Apophysis  of 
Ran,  although  it  was  already  known  to  Fnbri- 
cius  ab  Acquapendente  and  to  Caecilius  Follius. 

GRELE,  Chalaza— g.  Interne  de  la  cuisse, 
Gracilis. 

GREMIL  OFFICINALE,  Lithospermum 
officinale. 

GREMIUM,  Vulva. 

GRENADE,  Influenza. 

GRENADIER.  Punica  granatum. 

GRENADIN,  see  Punica  granatum. 

GRENIERS,  Vesicular  seminales. 

GRENOUILLE,  Rana  esculenta. 

GRENOUILLETTE,  Ranula. 

GREOULX,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Sulphuretted  springs  in  the  department  of 
Basses-Alpes,  France. 

GRESSURA,  Perinceum. 

GRESSUS,  Walking. 

GREVEURE,  Hernia. 

GRIELUM,  Apium  pelroselinum,  Smyrnium 
olusatrurn. 

GRINCEMENT  DES  DENTS,  Stridor  den- 
tium. 

GRINDERS,  Molar  teeth. 

GRIPES,  Tormina,  Colic. 

Gripes,  Watery.  A  popular  name  for  a 
dangerous  form  of  diarrhoea,  common  in  Eng- 
land, which  does  not  differ  essentially  from  lite 
cholera  infantum  of  this  country. 

GRIPPE  (F.),  from  gripper,  'to  gripe,' 
'catch  hold  of.'  A  vulgar  name  for  several 
catarrhal  diseases,  which  have  reigned  epide- 
mically; as  the  Influenza,  (q.  v.)  which  see 

GRIPPE,  Pinched. 

GROAN,  see  Suspirium. 

GROATS.  German  Gr  u  t  ze;  Grutum ,■  (F.) 
Gruav,  Oatmeal, ( Yor ksfiire .)  Oats,  hulled  but 
unground.  (Lancashire.)  Hulled  oats,  half 
ground.  Oats  that  have  the  hulls  taken  off: 
Grits.  When  crushed,  they  are  termed  Embden 
groats. 

A  decoction  of  these  is  administered  as  a 
diluent  and  demulcent. 

Groats,  Cracow,  Semolina. 

GROG-BLOSSOMS.  Gutta  rosea 

GROG-ROSES,  Gutta  rosea. 

GROMWELL,  Lithospermum  officinale. 

GROOVE.  Furrow,  Sulcus.  (F.)  Rainure. 
Icelandic, grafa,  Sax.  sPaFan,  to  dig.  A  chan- 
nel or  gutter,  in  a  bone  or  surgical  instrument. 
See  Coulisse. 

GROOVED.  Same  etymon.   Su  lea' tus,  Stria'- 


tus,   Canalkula'tus,    (Y.)Cannelc,    ou     Cunde. 
Having  a  small  channel  or  gutter. 

GROS,  Drachm — g.  Cou,  Bronchocele. 
GROSEILLIER  NOIR,   Ribes   nigrum—^. 
Rouge,  Ribes  rubrum. 

GROSSE  GORGE,  Bronchocele. 
GROSSESSE,  Pregnancy — g.  Mdominah, 
Pregnancy,  abdominal — g.  Afatale,  Pregnancy, 
afcetal — g.  Bigeminale,  Pregnancy,  bigeminal — 
g.  Complexe,  Pregnancy,  complex — g.  Cumpo- 
see,  Pregnancy,  compound — g.  Conlre  nature, 
Pregnancy,  extra-uterine — g.  Favsse  ou  appa- 
rente,  Pregnancy,  false—  g.  Fatah,  Pregnancy, 
foetal — g.  Gazo-hysterique,  Pregnancy,  gazo- 
hysteric — g.  Hemalo-hyslerique,  Pregnancy,  he- 
mato-  hysteric — g.  Hydro-hysterique,  Pregnancy, 
hydro-hysteric  —  g.  Inter  extra-uterine,  Preg- 
nancy, complex — g.  Ovarienne,  Pregnancy, 
ovarial—  g.  Sarco-hyst'erique,  Pregnacy,  sarco- 
hysteric — g.  Sarcofcetale,  Pregnancy,  sarcofcetal 
— g.  Simple,  Pregnancy,  solitary — g.  Solitaire, 
Pregnancy,  solitary— g.  Trigeminal,  Pregnan- 
cy trigeminal — g.  Triple,  Pregnancy,  trigemi- 
nal— g.  Tubaire,  Pregnancy,  tubal — g.  Utero- 
abdominale,  Pregnancy,  utero-abdominal — a. 
Utero-ovarienne,  Pregnancy,  utero-ovarian— a. 
Utero-tvbaire,  Pregnancy,  utero-tubal. 

GROSSULARIA  lNON  SPINOSA,  Ribes 
nigrum. 

GROU1LLEMENT  D ENTRA1LLES;  Bor- 
borygmus. 

GROUND  BERRY,  Gaultheria. 

GROUND  HOLLY,  Gaultheria. 

GROUND  IVY,  Gaultheria. 

GROUND  NUT,  Arachis  hypogea,  Pignut. 

GROUND  PINE,  Teucrium  chamoepitys— g. 
French,  Teucrium  iva. 

GROUNDSEL.  Senecio. 

GROUSEBERRY,  Gaultheria. 

GROWTH,  from  Dutch  groeyen,  Cm- 
centia,  (F.)  Croissance.  The  development  of 
the  body;  particularly  in  the  direction  of  its 
height.  Also,  any  adventitious  tissue;  thus, 
we  speak  of  a  morbid  growth  or  formation. 

GRUAU,  Groats.     ' 

GRUMEAU,  Coatrulum. 

GRUMUS.  Coagulum. 

GRUTUM.  'Groats.*  Grutum  Milium, 
Milium.  A  hard  white  tubercle  of  the  skin, 
resembling,  in  size  and  appearance,  a  millet- 
seed.  It  is  confined  to  the  face.  See,  also, 
Groats. 

GRYPH'IUS  PES.  The  Griffon's  foot,  (F.) 
Pied  de  Gtiffon.  An  instrument  of  which  Am- 
brose Pare  speaks,  which  was  used  for  extract- 
ing moles  from  the  uterus. 

GRYPO'SIS,  from  yovnow,  'I  incurvate.' 
Incurvn'tio.  Crookedness  or  incurvation  of  the 
nails;  Un'guium  adunca'tio. 

GUA'CO,  Hua'co.  The  name  of  a  plant, 
Eupato'rium  Gunco,  described  by  Humboldt 
and  Bonpland  under  the  name  Mikania  Gunco, 
which  grows  in  the  valleys  of  Madalena,  Rio- 
Cauca,  &c.  in  South  America.  The  negroes 
use  the  juice  against  the  bites  of  poisonous 
reptiles;— both  in  the  way  of  prevention  and 
cure.  It  has  been,  of  late,  brought  forward  as 
a  remedy  in  cholera. 

GUAIACINE,  see  Guaiac. 

GUAl'ACUM,  G.  officinale-  G.  America'- 
num.,  Lignum  vitse,  L.  sanctum.  L  benedic'tum, 
Pubis  sanctus,  Lignum  In'dicum.  Hagiox'ybm, 
(F.)  Gqyac,  Gaiac;  Gomme  Guai'ac.  =The  resin 


GUALTIIERIA 


361 


GUN J AH 


and  wood  are  both  used  in  medicine.  Their 
odour  is  slightly  fragrant;  taste  warm  and  bit- 
ter, of  the  resin  more  so  than  of  the  wood. 
The  resin  is  concrete,  brittle;  colour,  externally, 
greenish;  internally  grayish.  Water  dissolves 
about  one-tenth;  alcohol  95  parts.  It  is  soluble, 
also,  in  liquor  potassse  15  parts,  liquor  ammonias 
38  parts.  The  powder  is  whitish,  but  changes 
to  green  in  the  air.  The  base  of  the  guaiacum 
is  a  peculiar  resin,  called  Guniacine. 

Guaiacum  is  stimulant  and  diaphoretic;  and, 
in  large  doses,  purgative.  It  is  administered  in 
chronic  rheumatism,  gout,  cutaneous  diseases, 
and  the  sequels  of  syphilis.  Dose,  of  resin,  gr. 
v  to  xx: — to  purge,  gr.  xx  to  xl. 

GUALTHERIA,  Gaultheria. 

GUARANA,  Paullinia. 

GUARD  (for  a  bed,)  Alesc. 

GUARERBA  ORBA,  Momordica  elaterium. 

GUAVA  APPLE,  Psidium  pomiferum. 

GUBERNAC'ULUM  TESTIS,  (gubernacu- 
lum,  'a  rudder.')  G.  t.  Hunteri,  Ligamen' turn 
siisjienso'rium  Testis,  (F.)  Gouvernail  du  testicule. 
A  triangular,  fibro  cellular  cord ;  which,  in  the 
foetus,  arises  from  the  ramus  of  the  ischium  and 
the  skin  of  the  scrotum,  and  proceeds  to  the 
posterior  part  of  the  testicle,  before  this  organ 
issues  from  (he  abdomen.  It  is  a  continuation 
of  the  fascia  superficialis,  and,  by  contracting  to 
occasion  the  descent  of  the  testicle,  it  lengthens 
the  fibres  of  the  lesser  oblique  muscle;  so  as  to 
produce  the  cremaster,  and  is  itself  expanded 
to  constitute  the  dartos. 

GUEPE,  Wasp. 

GU/lRISOX  Cure. 

GU/tttlSSABLE,  Curable. 

GUI,  Viscum  album. 

GUILANDI'NA  MORIN'GA.  A  plant, 
which  affords  the  Ben  nut,  and  the  lignum 
nephriticum.  It  is  also  called  Moriu'ga  Okifera, 
M.  Zey/an'ica,Bcn,  Glans u?iguenta'ria,  Ben  JYux, 
Ral'aniis  Myrep'sica,  the  Oily  Arorn  or  Ben  nut. 
It  is  a  West  India  nut  which  furnishes  an  oil, 
O'lcum  Baluni'num,  that  does  not  become  ran- 
cid by  age,  and  is  hence  used  by  perfumers.  It 
is  purgative. 

Ths  wood  of  the  Guilandina  is  called  Lig- 
num JVephrit'icum,  and  has  been  used  in  decoc- 
tion, in  affections  of  the  urinary  organs. 

GU1M.WVE,  Althaea— g.  Veloutie,  Hibiscus 
abelmoschus. 

GULA,  CEsophatrus.  Pharynx.  • 

GUL^E  IMBECILLITAS,  Pharyngoplegia— 
g.  Principium,  Pharynx. 

GULLET,  (Esophagus. 

GUM  ANIME,  Anime— g.  Arabic,  Acacia; 
gummi — g  Butea,  see  Butea  frondosa — g.  Ca- 
r.innn.,  Caranna— g.  Dragon,  Tragacantha — g. 
Elastic,  Caoutchouc — g.  Falling  away  of  the, 
Ulatrophia — g.  Hemlock,  see  Pinus  Canaden- 
sis— g.  Indigenous,  Gummi  nostras — g.  Juniper, 
Sandarac — g.  Orenburg, see  Pinus  larix — g.  Red, 
Strophulus— g.  Resin,  Gummi  resina— g.  San- 
darach,  Sandarac — g.  Seneca,  Acacia:  gummi — 
g.  Senega,  Acac'irc  gummi — g.  Shrinking  of  the, 
Ulatrophia — g.  Sweet,  Liqnidambar  styraciflua 
— g.  Tragacanth,  Tragacanth — g.  Tree,  brown, 
see  Kino— g.  White,  Strophulus— g.  Yellow, 
Icterus  infantum. 

Gum-Lancet,  DentiscaTpium,  Odontog'lyphon, 
(F.)  Ddc/iaussuir.  An  instrument  for  separating 
the  gum  from  the  cervix  of  the  tooth,  prior  to 
24 


extraction.  It  is  formed  much  like  a  fleam. 
The  operation  itself  is  called  Lancing  the  /rums. 
Dtn'tium  scalplu'ra  (F.)  Dcchaussemcnt. 

GUMBOIL.  Parulis. 

GUMMA,  (F.)  Gomme.  An  elastic  tumour, 
formed  in  the  periosteum,  occupying  particular- 
ly the  cranium  and  sternum,  and  produced  by 
the  syphilitic  virus,  when  it  has  been  lonor  jn 
the  constitution.  It  is  so  called,  because,  when 
opened,  it  contains  a  matter  like  gum. 

GUMMI,  Commi,  nop/mi,  (F.)  Gomme.  An 
immediate  principle  of  vegetables.  It  is  a  solid 
uncrystallizable,  inodorous  substance,  of  a  maw- 
kish taste,  unchangeable  in  the  air,  insoluble 
in  alcohol,  but  soluble  in  water,  with  which  it 
forms  a  mucilage.  It  is  obtained  from  various 
species  of  the  mimosa  and  prunus,-  and  conse- 
quently there  are  many  varieties  of  gum.  They 
are  used  in  medicine  as  demulcents,  emollients, 
and  relaxants,  particularly  in  catarrh,  intestinal 
irritations.  <V.c;  and  in  Pharmacy,  they  are 
employed  in  the  formation  ofemuls]ons,pills,&c. 

Gummi  Acaci*  Arabics:,  Acacise  gummi — 
g.  Acanthinum,  Acacife  gummi — g.  Adstringens 
Fotliergilli,  Kino — g.  Ammoniacum,  Ammoniac 

—  g.  Anime,  Anime  —  g.  Arabicum,  Acacise 
gummi — g.  Astragali  Tragacantha;,  Tragacan- 
tha — g.  Bogia,  Cambogia — g.  Brelisis,  Caranna 

—  g.  Gatnandra,  Cambogia  —  g.  Gambiense, 
Kino — g.  de  Goa,  Cambogia — g.  Gutta,  Cam- 
bogia— g.  Hederse,  see  Hedera  helix — g.  de 
Jemu,  Cambogia — g.  Juniperi,  Sandarac — g. 
Laccffi,  Lacca — g.  Ladanum,  see  Cistus  creti- 
cus — g.  Lamac,  Acacias  gummi— g.  Leucurn, 
Acacia?  gummi. 

Gcmmi-nostras,(F.)  Gomme  du  Pays ;  India", 
enous  Gum.  These  generic  names  are  given 
to  several  species  of  gum,  which  flow  spon- 
taneously from  certain  European  fruit  trees. 
— such  as  the  almond,  cherry,  peach,  apricot, 
&c.  The  indigenous  gums  have  nearly  the 
same  properties  as  gum  Arabic,  but  they  are 
inferior  to  it. 

Gummi-Panacis,  see  Pastinaca  opoponax — g. 
ad  Podagnm,  Cambogia. 

Gummi-Rf.si'xa,  Gum-Resin.  A  milky  juice, 
obtained  by  making  incisions  into  the  branches, 
stalks,  and  roots  of  certain  vegetables.  Gum- 
resins  are  compounds  of  resins,  gum,  essential 
oil,  and  different  other  vegetable  matters.  They 
are  solid,  opake,  brittle,  of  a  strong  odour,  acrid 
taste,  variable  colour,and  are  heavier  than  water. 
Water  dissolves  a  part  of  them,  and  alcohol  an- 
other; hence  proof  spirit  is  the  proper  menstru- 
um. The  generality  of  the  gum-iesins  are  pow- 
erful stimulants  to  the  whole  or  to  parts  of  the 
economy.  The  chief  are  asafcetida,  gum  am- 
moniac, cuphorhium,  galbanum,  camboge,  myrrh, 
olibanuin,  opoponax,  scammony,  aloes,  &c. 

Gu  m  m  1-RuBRi'M  Adstringens  Gambiensf^. 
Kino,  see  Butea  Frondosa, — g.  Sernpionis,  Aca- 
cia; gummi — g.  Thebaicum,  Acacise  gummi — 
g.  Tragacantha,  Tragacantha. 

GUMS,  Gingiva;. 

GUNJAH.  The  dried  hemp  plant, which  has 
flowered,  and  from  which  the  resin  has  not  been 
removed.  It  yields  to  alcohol  20  per  cent,  of  re- 
sinous extract,  composed  of  the  resin, churrus,  q. 
v.  and  green  colouring  matter.  The  Gnnjah  is 
used  for  smoking.  The  larger  leaves  and  cap- 
sules, without  the  slalks.constitute  Sidhe.8,  Subjee 
or  Bang,  which  is  used  to  form  with  water  aa 
intoxicating  drink.    See  Ban^ue. 


GURC1TELL0 


3G2 


GYNATRESIA 


GURGITELLO, MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
A  thermal  spino-  in  the  isle  of  Jschia.  Temp,  at 
its  source,  176°  Fah.  It  contains  carbonic  acid, 
carbonates  of  lime,  magnesia,  iron  and  soda,  sul- 
phates of  lime  and  soda,  chloride  of  sodium  and 
silica. 

GURGLING.  'Gushing  with  noise,  as 
water  from  a  bottle.  (F.)  Gargouillement,  same 
etymon  as  gargle,  (q.  v.)  The  rhonchus  or 
rale,  heard  on  auscultation  when  there  is  a  ca- 
vity in  the  lungs  containing  pus.  It  is  the 
'cavernous  rattle,'  Rale  eaverneux.  If  the  ca- 
vern be  large,  this  rale  will  nearly  resemble  the 
gur<rlin<r  of  a  bottle  (glaugbu  d'une  bouteille,-) 
if,  on  the  contrary,  the  cavern  be  small,  it  will 
not  differ  from  the  rdle  muqueux,  (q.  v) 

GURGULIO,  Penis,  Uvula. 

GUSTATIF,  (Kerf.)  see  Lingual  nerve. 

GUSTATION,  Degustation,  Taste. 

GUSTATORY  NERVE,  see  Lingual  Nerve. 

GUSTUS,  Taste— g.  Depravatus,  Parage  us- 

tia. 

GUT,  Intestine — g.  Blind,  Ccecum. 

GUTS,SLIPPERlNESSOFTHE,Lientery. 

GUTTA,  Apoplexy,  Cambogia,  Gout— g.  Ga- 
mandrse.  Cambogia— g.  Gamba,  Cambogia— g. 
Opaca,  Cataract.  .,,,„.„ 

Gutta.  A  Drop,  Stalagma,  Alun  sel,  bulla, 
(F.)  Gouttc.  A  quantity  of  liquid,  generally 
valued,  in  pharmacy,  at  the  weight  of  a  grain. 
Jt  is  clear,  however, that  the  weight  must  vary 
according  to  the  nature  of  the  liquid:— a  drop 
of  ether,  e.  g.,  cannot  weigh  as  much  as  one  of 
sulphuric  acid.  The  form  of  the  mouth  of  the 
phiallikewise  altersthesize  of  the  drop.  These 
and  other  circumstances  have  induced  the  Lon- 
don College  to  institute  the  minim,  which  is 
the  sixtieth  part  of  a  fluidrachm.  See  Mini- 
mum. 

Gutta  P«.osa  c  e  a  Syphilitica,  Crown  ol 

Venus. 

Gotta  Rosea,  Gvtta  Rosa'cea,  Ion' thus  co- 
rymb'if 'er,  Crusta  serpigino'sa,  C.  prurigino'sa, 
Acne  rosa'cea,  Bacchia,  Butiga,  Carbunc.ltd  Face, 
Rosy  Drop,  Welle,  Copper-nose,  Bottle  nose,  Grog- 
blossoms,  Grog-roses.  (F.)  Covperose,  Guut'.e  Rose, 
Bourgean8,DurtrepustuUusecovperose.  A n erup- 
tion of  small,  suppurating  tubercles,  with  shining 
redness,  and  an  irregular  granular  appearance  of 
the  skin  of  the  part  of  the  face  which  is  affected. 
"The  redness  commonly  appears  first  at  the  end 
of  the  nose,  and  then  spreads  on  both  sides.  It 
is  often  produced  by  hard  drinking.  Its  cure 
must  be  attempted  by  regular  regimen,  and  cool- 
ing means  internally  :  weak  spirituous  or  satur- 
nine lotions  externally.  The  affection  is  usually 
vyery  obstinate. 

Gutta  Serena,  Amaurosis. 

GUTT..E  ABBAT1S  ROUSSEAU,  Lauda- 
num  abbatis  Rousseau— g.  Ammoniaci,see  Am- 
moniac srum — g.  Acida;  tonicae,  Elixir  acidum 
Halleri— g.  Nervince,  Alcohol  sulfurieo-iethe- 
reus  ferri. 

Guttje  Nigr-ic,  Ace' turn  opii,  Common  Black 
Drop.  (Opii  3 viij,  aceti  dtstillat.  fljij,  Infuse.) 
It  is  milder  than  the  tincture  of  opium. — Gray. 

The  celebrated  Block  Drop,  Lan'casler  or 
Quaker's  Black  Drop,  may  be  made  as  follows: 
take  half  a  pound  of  opium  sliced ,•  three  pints 
of  (rood  rcrjuice,  (juice  of  the  wild  crab,)  and 
one  and  a  half  ounce  of  nutmegs,  and  half  an 
ounce  of  saffron.  Boil  to  a  proper  thickness, 
and  add  a  quarter  of  a  pound  of  sugar,  and  two 


spoonfuls  of  yeast.  Set  the  whole  in  a  warm 
place,  near  the  fire,  for  six  or  eight  weeks;  then 
place  it  in  the  open  air  until  it  becomes  a  syrup. 
Lastly,  decant,  filter,  and  bottle  it  up,  adding  a 
little  sugar  to  each  bottle.  One  drop  is  equal 
to  three  of  laudanum;  and  it  is  nearly  devoid  of 
all  the  unpleasant  exciting  effects  of  the  latter. 
GUTTUR.  The  throat  (q.  v.);  the  larynx; 
the  trachea. 

Guttur  Tumidum,  Bronchocele. 
GUTTURAL,  Guttura'lis,  from  gvtlur,  'the 
throat.'     Relating  or  belonging  to  the  throat. 

The  Superior  Thyroideal  Artery  is  sometimes 
called  Guttural  Artery. 

A  Guttural  Cough  is  one  occasioned  by  irri- 
tation of  the  larynx  or  trachea. 

A  Guttural  Sound  is  one  produced,  as  it  were, 
in  the  throat. 

GUTTURN1A,  Arytenoid  cartilages. 
GYMNASION,  Exercise. 
GYMNA'SIUM,  from  yv/*vof,  '  naked."     Fa- 
kes'tra.  An  establishment,  amongst  the  ancients, 
intended  for  bodily  exercises,  as  wrestling.run- 
ning,  &x. 

GYMNAST,  Gymnas'les,  Gymnas'ta,-  same 
etymon.  The  manager  of  a  gymnasium.  One, 
whose  profession  it  is  to  prevent  or  cure  dis- 
eases by  gymnastics. 

GYMNASTICS,  Gymnas'tica,  Somacet'ics, 
same  etymon.  That  part  of  hygienic  medi- 
cine which  treats  of  bodily  exercises.  It  is 
called  Medical  Gymnastics.  The  ancients  had 
also,  Athletic  Gymnastics, and  Military  Gymnas- 
tics. HerodicusofSelivrsea  first  proposed  gym- 
nastics for  the  cure  of  disease. 

GYMNOOO'DUS  CANADENSIS,  Coffee 
Tree,  Muhog' any,  ISickar  Tiec,  Bondue.  An  in- 
digenous tree,  which  grows  from  Ohio  to  Lou- 
isiana, the  leaves  of  which  are  cathartic  and 
said  to  contain  cytisin.  The  seeds  are  good 
substitutes  for  coffee. 

GYMNOS1S,  Denudation. 
GYN^ECEA,  Gynseceia. 
GYN/ECEI'A,  Gynxci'a,  Gynace'a,  from  Yvr>\, 
'  a  woman.'     The  catamenia  ;— also,  the  lochia. 
— Hippocrates,  Galen,  Foesins. 

GYNyECEUM.  Antimoniura,  Vulva. 
GYN^ECIA,  Gynseceia,  Menses. 
GYN/ECOLOG"IA,  from  yu>>;,  'a  woman.' 
and  iloyoff,  '  a  description.'     The  doctrine  of  th« 
nature,  diseases,  &o.  of  women. 

GYNECOMANIA,  from  yurij,  'woman,' 
and  pati*.'  mania,'  'rage.'  That  species  of  in- 
sanity, which  arises  from  love  for  women.  Some 
have  used  the  word  synonymously  with  nym- 
phomania, (q.  v  ) 

GYN/ECOMAS'TUS,  from  y«»»/,  'woman,' 
and  f*a(rrog,  'a  breast.'  A  man  whose  breasts 
are  as  large  as  those  of  a  woman. — Galen,  In- 
grassias. 

A  considerable  enlargement  of  the  breasts  of 
a  female  was  formerly  called  Gynsecomas'ton- 

GYNiECOMYS'TAX,,  from  yu>>;.  '  woman.' 
and  i.unra?,  '  the  beard.'  The  hair  on  the  pubes 
of  women. — Rolfink. 

GYNANDRUS.  Gvnanthropus. 
GYNANTIIRO'PUS,  Gynan'drus.     An  her- 
maphrodite who  belongs  more  to  the  male  than 
to  the  female  sex. 

GYNATRESIA,  from  yvvti,  <  a  woman,'  and 
aTQ'iroc,  'imperforate.'  Closure  or  imperfora- 
tion  of  the  external  parts  of  generation  of  the 
female. 


GYNE 


363 


H.EMATHORAX 


GYNE.  Female. 
GYNIDA,  Hermaphrodite. 
GYPSY-WEED,  Lvcopus  Virginicus. 
GYRI  CEREBRI,  Anfractuosities  (cerebral,) 
Convolutions  (cerebral ) 


GYROM1A  VIRGINICA,  Medeola  Virginica. 
GYROPHLE,  see  Eugenia  caryophyllala. 
GYROPHORA,  see  Tripe  de  Roche. 
GYRUS,  Anfractuosity,  Convolution. 


H. 


HAB-EL  KALLWBAT,  Pistacia  terebinthus. 

HABE'NA.  A  Bridle,  Tel'amon.  A  bandage 
for  uniting  the  lips  of  wounds ;  which,  in  many 
instances,  replaced  the  suture. — Galen. 

HABIL'LA  DE  CARTHAGF'NA,  Bejuio, 
Carthage' na  Bean.  (F.)  Fete  de  Carlhaghie. 
A  kind  of  bean  of  South  America,  famed  as  an 
effectual  antidote  for  the  poison  of  all  serpents, 
if  a  small  quantity  be  eaten  immediately. 

HABIT,  Habitu'do,  from  habere,  'to  have  or 
to  hold  ;'  Assuelu'  do,  Mos,  Usus,  Consuetu'do, 
Ethos,  'chg,  Hexis,  Ethmos'ynS.  (F.)  Habitude, 
Accoutu.mu.nce.  Habit  is  the  aptitude  for  re- 
peating certain  acts: — or,  a  facility,  which  re- 
sults from  the  frequent  repetition  of  the  same 
act.  It  is,  according  to  vulgar  expression. 
'a  second  nature.'  Habit  may  predispose  to 
certain  diseases,  or  it  may  protect  us  against 
them.  It  ought  not  to  be  lost  sight  of,  in  at- 
tending to  the  progress  of  disease,  or  its  treat- 
ment. 

Habit  of  Bodv,  Constilu'lio,  Hab'itus,  Hub'- 
itus  Cor'pOris,  Catas'tasis,  Hexis,  'tlig.  (F.) 
Habitude  cxterieure.  Habitude  du  corps.  The 
aggregate  of  the  physical  qualities  of  the  hu- 
man body. 

HABITUDE,  Habit— h.  du  Corps,  Habit  of 
body — h.  Extcrieure,  Habit  of  body. 

HAB1TUDO,  Habit. 

HABITUS,  Habit  of  body— h.  Corporis,  Ha- 
bit of  body. 

HiEMA,    'ctma,    'amurog,    'blood.'       (q.   v.) 

HiEMACHROINE,  Hasmatine. 

H.EMACY'ANIN,  from  '«.«*,  'blood,'  and 
xi'avic, '  blue.'  A  blue  colouring  malter,detected 
by  Sanson  in  healthy  blood,  and  in  bile  by  some 
chemists,  but  not  by  others. 

ILEMADOM'OSOS,  from  '*,,„<*,  'blood,'  and 
voaog,  'a  disease.'  Hxmatangiun'osis.  Disease 
of  the  blood  vessels. 

H^EMADOSTO'SIS,  from  '«.««,  'blood,'  and 
oot&xjic,  '  a  bony  tumour.'  Ossification  of  the 
blood  vessels. 

ILEMADYNAMETER,  Hscmadynamometer. 

fLEMADYNAMOM'ETER,  Hamadynam'- 
eter ,•  from  'au<ot,  '  blood,'  dvrauig,  'power,' and 
(ttxoov, '  a  measure.'  An  instrument  for  mea- 
suring the  force  of  the  blood  in  the  vessels.  It 
consists  of  a  bent  glass  lube,  the  lower  bent 
part  of  which  is  filled  with  mercury.  A  brass 
head  is  fitted  into  the  artery,  and  a  little  of  a 
solution  of  soda  is  interposed  between  the  mer- 
cury and  the  blood,  which  is  allowed  to  enter 
the  tube  for  the  purpose  of  preventing  its  co- 
agulation. The  pressure  of  the  blood  on  the 
mercury  in  the  descending  portion  of  the  bent 
tube  causes  the  metal  to  rise  in  the  ascending 
portion;  and  the  degree  to  which  it  rises  indi- 
cates the  pressure  under  which  the  blood  moves. 
HiEMAGOGUM,  Paeonia. 
ILEMAGO'GUS,  from  '*<<<«,  'blood,'   and 


nytn,  '1  drive  off.'  A  medicine  which  promotes 
the  menstrual  and  hemorrhoidal  discharges. 

H.HM  ALO'Pl  A,  Hxm'alops,  from  '*< (in, 
'blood,'  and  <x>\p, '  the  eye.'  An  effusion  of  blood 
into  the  eye. — Galen.     A  blood-shot  eye 

H^EMALOPS.  Hsemophthalmia. 

H.EMAPER1TQN1RRHAG"1A,  (F.)  He'- 
mapt'ritonirrhagiz;  from  'stijia,  '  blood,'  ntfijo- 
runv,  '  peritoneum,'  and  payrj,  'a  violent  rup- 
ture.' An  exhalation  of  blood  into  the  peri- 
toneum. 

H^EMAPH.ETN,  from  '*,,<«,  'blood,'  and 
yaiog,  'of  a  dusky  colour.'  A  term  applied  by 
.Simon  to  the  brown  colouring  matter  of  the 
blood,  supposed  by  some  to  be  nothing  more 
than  hasmatin  modified  bv  an  alkali. 

H  JBMAPH'OBUS,  Hxmopk'obus,  from  W«, 
'blood,'  and  90,$oe,  'dread.'  One  who  has  a 
dread  of  blood: — who  cannot  look  at  it  without 
fainting. 

H.EMAFOR'IA.  Hxmatopor' ia,  Oligemia, 
from  'atfta,  'blood,'  and  ano^og,  'poor.'  Pau- 
city of  blood.     See  Anaemia. 

H/EMAPTYSIS,  Haemoptysis. 

H.EMASTATICA,  Hcematostatica. 

HiEMASTAT'ICE,  from  <ui^,  'blood,'  and 
uti^i,  'I  remain,'  '  reside.'  A  science,  which 
treats  of  the  strength  of  the  blood  vessels.  Hij- 
mastafics. 

H^EMATANGIONOSIS,  Haemadonosos. 

H^EMATEM'ESIS,  from  <a,,t*,  'blood,'  and 
si/foi,  '1  vomit.'  Vom'ilus  cruen'tus,  Hccmor- 
rha'gia  Hxmatem'esis,  Vom' itus  San' guinis,  Gas- 
tiorrha'  gin,  Gastro-hamoii  hag"ia,  (Esophagor- 
rha'gia,  Hxrnorrhag"ia  ventric'uli,  Vomiting  of 
Blood,  (F.)  Himatem'ese,  Vomissement  de  sang. 
Haematemesis  is  generally  preceded  by  a  feeling 
of  oppression,  weight;  and  dull  or  pungent  pain 
in  the  epigastric,  and  in  the  hypochondriac  re- 
gions; by  anxiety,  and,  occasionally,  by  syn- 
cope. Blood  is  then  passed  by  vomiting,  and 
sometimes,  also,  by  stool :  the  blood  being 
generally  of  a  grumou3  aspect.  Haematemesis 
may  be  active  or  passive;  acute  or  chronic. 
The  blood  effused  proceeds,  almost  always,  from 
a  sanguineous  exhalation  at  the  surface  of  the 
mucous  membrane  of  the  stomach.  It  is  often 
observed  in  females,  whose  menstrual  secretion 
is  irregularly  performed.  It  is  not  of  much 
danger,  except  when  connected  with  disease 
of  some  of  the  solid  viscera  of  the  abdomen.  On 
dissection  of  those  who  have  died  from  pro- 
tracted ha;matemesis,— for  the  acute  kind  is  com- 
paratively devoid  of  danger, — the  mucous  mem- 
brane of  the  stomach  is  found  red  and  inflamed, 
or  black,  and  the  vessels  considerably  dilated. 
Complete  abstinence  from  food;  rest;  the  hori- 
zontal posture  ;  bleeding,  if  the  hemorrhage  be 
active;  cold,  acidulous  drinks,  &c,  constitute 
the  usual  treatment. 

H^EMATERA,  Hepatirrhoea. 

HiEMATHORAX,  Hamatothorax. 


H.EMATICA 


364 


H^MATOPS 


H^MAT'ICA,from  'nuia,  'blood.'     Diseases    the  development  of  cancerous  tumours,in  which 


of  the  sanguineous  function: — the  third  class 
in  the  nosology  of  Good. 

H/EMATIOUS,  Sanguine. 

HiEMATIDROSIS,  Sudor  cruentus. 

H.-E'MATIN,  Hematine,  Ha'matosin,  Hema- 
tosine,  Zobhematin,  Hemachroin,  Cruorin,  Ru- 
hrin,  Glob'ulin  of  some;  from  'aifta,  'blood.' 
The  colouring  principle  of  the  blood.  It  resides 
in  distinct  particles  or  globules  of  the  blood, 
and,  in  the  opinion  of  the  best  observers,  in  the 
envelope  of  the  globules.  It  appears  to  be  of  a 
peculiar  character,  and  one  that  has  not  yet 
been  determined  by  the  chemist.  That  the 
colour  of  the  blood  is  not  owing  to  the  perox- 
ide of  iron  which  it  contains  is  shown  by  the 
fact  mentioned  by  Scherer,  that  he  removed 
the  iron  by  acids,  and  yet  a  deep  red  tincture 
was  formed  when  alcohol  was  added  to  the 
residuum. 

HiEMATI'TES,  from  'aif«t,  'blood,'  so  called 
from  its  colour  or  from  its  fancied  powers  of 
stopping  blood.  Lapis  Hemati'tes.  A  beautiful 
ore  of  iron,  called  also,  Bloodstone,  O'chrea 
rubra,  Ox'ydum  fer'ricum  crystailiza' turn  nati'- 
vum,  Ferrum  Haematites.  When  finely  levi- 
gated, and  freed  from  the  grosser  parts,  by  fre- 
quent washings  with  water,  it  has  been  long 
recommended  in  hemorrhage,  fluxes,  uterine 
obstructions,  &c,  in  doses  of  from  one  scruple 
to  three  or  four. 

HjEMATOCATHAR'TICA,  from  l*lfxa, 
'blood,'  and  y.a&aQa-ig,  'purification  or  purga- 
tion.'    Remedies  for  purifying  the  blood. 

HvEMATOCE'LE,  from  '««,««,  'blood,'  and 
m/xi;,  'tumour.'  A  tumour  formed  by  blood. 
By  some,  this  term  has  been  applied  to  a  tu- 
mour formed  by  blood,  effused  into  the  cellular 
texture  of  the  scrotum.  Others  have  used  it 
for  tumours  arising  from  effusion  of  blood  into 
the  tunica  vaginalis: — hematocele,  according 
to  them,  differing  from  hydrocele,  only  in  the 
character  of  the  effusion. —  Heister.  Others, 
again  have  applied  it  to  effusions  of  blood  into 
the  interior  of  the  tunica  albuginea  itself. — 
R/chter.  The  first  is  the  usual  acceptation.  It 
is,  most  commonly  caused  by  wounds  or  con- 
tusions;  and  requires  the  use  of  antiphlogistics, 
discutients,  &c.  Sometimes  it  is  necessary  to 
evacuate  the  effused  blood. 

PL^MATOCHE'ZIA,  from  'aipa,  'blood,' 
and  ;ff £w,  'I  go  to  stool.'  Catarrhex'is  vera, 
Enter  01  r  hag"  ia  simplex,  Diarrha'a  cruen'ta,  Hx- 
morrhag"ia  intestino'rum,  En'tero-hamorrhag" ia, 
(F.)  Hemorrhagic  des  intcslins,  Ecoulement  de 
sang  par  T  Inteslin.  Discharge  of  blood  by  stool. 
See  Melaena. 

HiEMATOCHYSIS,  Hapmorrhagia. 

HjEMATOCYANOSIS,  Cyanopathy. 

HiEMATO'DES  or  H^EMATOPDES,  San- 
onin'eus,  from  'au<a,  'blood,' and  fiJoj,  'appear- 
ance.' That  which  contains  blood,  or  has  the 
colour  of  blood. 

Hematodes  Fungus,  Hxmatomij 'ce.s,  Fungus 
cancro'sus  hxmato'  des,  Mclx'  na  fungo'  sa  carcino'- 
des,  Tumor  fungc/sus  sanguineus,  Spon'goid 
inflamma'tion,  Pulpy  or  Med'ullary  Sarcoma, 
Carcino'ma  Hssmato'des,  Carcino'ma  Spongio'- 
surn,  Bleeding  Fungus,  Soft  Cancer,  (F.)  Card- 
nome  sanglante,  Hematoncie  fongo'ide.  An 
extremely  alarming,  carcinomatous  affection, 
which  was  first  described,  with  accuracy,  by 
Mr.  John  Burns,  of  Glasgow.    It  consists  in 


the  inflammation  is  accompanied  with  violent 
heat  and  pain,  and  with  fungous  and  bleeding 
excrescences.  Even  when  the  diseased  part 
is  extirpated,  at  a  very  early  period, — and  this 
is  the  only  wise  plan  that  can  be  adopted, — 
recovery  rarely  follows:  other  organs  being 
generally  implicated  at  the  same  time.  Fungus 
haematodes  was  the  term  first  applied  to  the  dig- 
ease  by  Mr.  Hey  of  Leeds.  Mr.  J.  Burns  called 
it  Spongoid  inflammation,  from  the  spongy,  elas- 
tic feel,  which  peculiarly  characterizes  it,  and 
continues  even  after  ulceration  has  taken  place. 
The  disease  lias,  most  frequently,  been  met  with 
in  the  eyeball,  the  upper  and  lower  extremities, 
testicle  and  mamma :  but  it  occurs  in  the  ulerus, 
ovary,  liver,  spleen,  brain,  lungs,  thyroid  gland, 
and  in  the  hip  and  shoulder-joint. 

Some  French  surgeons  designate,  by  this 
name,  those  tumours  which  were  formerly 
termed  anormales,  caverneuses,  variqueuses, 
called  JErectiles  by  Dupuytren,  Hematoncics  by 
Alibert,  Telangiectasias  by  Gr'afe. 

HiEMATOGLOBULIN,  see  Globules  of  the 
blood. 

H^EMATOGRA'PHIA,  from  'tipa,  'blood,' 
and  yqcKbi],  '•  a  description.'  A  description  of 
the  blood. 

H^EMATOL'OGY ,  Hematology,  Hxmatulog"- 
ia,  (F.)  Hematologic,  from  'aiinx,  'blood,'  and 
loycg,  '  a  discourse.'  That  part  of  medicine 
which  treats  of  the  blood. 

Hematology,  Pathological,  (F.)  Hema- 
tologic pathologique.  Observation  of  the  blood 
to  detect  its  varying  characters  in  disease. 

H.EMATO'MA,  Thrombus  (q.  v.)  A  bloody 
tumour,  especially  of  the  scalp  of  the  new-born. 

Hematoma  Oculi,  Hsemophthalmia. 

HJ3MATOMATRA,  Metrorrhagia. 

H/EMATOMETRA,  Metrorrhagia. 

H^EMATOMPHALOrE'LEr  Hxmatom'- 
phalum,  from  'auia,  'blood,'  ou<pa*.og,  'the 
navel,'  and  xrtX^,  '  a  tumour.'  Umbilical  her- 
nia, the  sac  of  which  encloses  a  bloody  serum; 
or  which  has,  at  its  surface,  a  number  of  vari- 
cose veins;  constituting  Vari.com' 'phalvs. 

H.-EMATOMPHALUM,  Hcematomphalocele. 

H /EM  ATOM  YCES,  Haematodes  fundus. 

HJSMATON'CUS.  (F.)  Hnnatonat,  from 
'ai/uu,  'blood,'  and  oyxoc,  'a  tumour.'  Alibert 
has  given  this  name  to  the  Nxvi  mater'ni,  or 
Varicose  tumours.  He  admits  three  varieties:— 
the  H  fongo'ide,  H.  framboisee,  and  H  tubireusc. 

H^MATON'OSUS ;  from  '«.//«,  'blood,' 
and  roaos,  '  disease.'     A  disease  of  the  blood. 

H/EMATOPEDESIS,  see  Diapedesis. 

H^MATOPHLEBES'TASIS.  Sudden  sup- 
pression of  a  hemorrhage; — from  orats-i?  'xiuatsg 
<pXf(lu)v, '  suppression  of  the  blood  of  the  veins.' 
—Galen. 

H^EMATOPHOB'IA,  from  «ot««,  'blood,' 
and  <po(io$,  'dread.'  Dread  or  horror  at  the 
sight  of  blood,  producing  syncope,  &c. 

HiEMATOPLANIA,  Menstruation,  vicarious. 

H/EMATOPOIESIS,  Hrematosis. 

HiEMATOPORIA,  Hremaporia. 

HiE'MATOPS,  (F.)  Hcmalopisie.  M.  Ca- 
puron,  of  Paris,  has  applied  the  term  Hcma- 
topisie  uterine,  from  analogy  with  Hydropisit 
uterine,  to  a  collection  of  blood  which  some- 
times takes  place  in  the  uterus,  when,  owing  to 
faulty  conformation,  the  exit  of  the  menstrual 
flux  is  prevented. 


HJEMATOPTYSIA 


365 


HAEMOPTYSIS 


H.EMATOPTYSIA,  Haemoptysis. 

H^EMATOPTYSIS,  Haemoptysis. 

HjEMATORRHAGIA,  Hemorrhagia. 

H^EMATOSCQP'IA,  fflmorrhoscopie,  from 
'atfxx,  'uifitxroe,  '  blood,'  and  o-y.omui,  '  I  view.' 
An  examination  of  blood  drawn. 

H.EMATOSIN,  Hematin. 

HJSMATO'SIS,  Exw.malo'sis,  Hsematopoic' - 
sis,  Decarboniza'tion,  Atmosphcriza'tion,  Sangui- 
ficdlion,  from  'anjnet,'  blood.'  The  transforma- 
tion of  the  venous  blood  and  chyle  into  arterial 
blood  by  respiration.  Called,  also,  Mra'tion, 
Arlcrializa'tion  of  the  blood.  Formation  of  blood 
in  general. 

HiEMATOSTAT'ICA,  from  <*,«*,  '  blood,' 
and  OTuTiy.ri,  'statics.'  Ischw'mia,  Hamastat' ica, 
Hremostat'ics,  The  doctrine  of  the  motion  of 
the  blood  in  living  bodies.  Also,  remedies  for 
stopping  blood. 

H^EMATOS'TEON,  from  'aifta, '  blood,'  and 
oa-Tiov,  '  a  bone.'  Effusion  of  blood  into  the 
bones  or  joints. 

H^EMATOTHO'RAX,  Hxmalho'rax,  Hoe- 
mop' ty  sis  inter'na,  Fleurorrhaz'a  sanguin'ea, 
Pneumorrha'gia  interna,  llemorrhag"  ic  Pleu'- 
risy,  from  'ai/ta,  '  blood,'  and  6wpui, '  the  chest.' 
Extravasation  of  blood  into  the  chest. 

II I ^EMATOX'YLUN   CAMPEC  H I A'N  U M, 
Aca'cia  Zeylon'ica,  Logwood.     The  part  of  the 
tree,  used  in  medicine,  is  the  wood,  Hxmatox1- 
yli  Lignum,  Lignum  Campcc.hen'se,  L    Campe- 
chia'num,   L.    Cumpesca'num,   L.    In'dicum,   L. 
Saj>pan,L  Bi (isiUu'num  rulirum,  L.  cecru'lcum, 
(P.)  Bois  de  Campeche.     Family,  Leguminosje. 
See,  Syst.  Decandria  Monogynia.     Logwood  is 
almost  inodorous;  of  a  sweetish,  subastringent 
taste;  and  deep  red  colour.     Its  virtues  are  ex- 
tracted both  by  water  and  alcohol.     It  is  astrin- 
gent and  tonic,  and  is  used  in  the  protracted 
stage  of  diarrhoea  and  dysentery. 
H.EMATURESIS,  Hematuria. 
ILEMATU'RIA,  Hxmature'sis,  from  'cttfia, 
'blood,'   and    ovgiw,  'I  make    urine.'     Voiding 
of  blood  by  urine.     Hmmorrlia! gia  hamatu'ria, 
Uamoure'  sis    Mirtio   crucn'la,  M.   Sanguin'ea, 
Mictus  cruen'tus,  Bloody  urine,  (F.)   pfssement 
de  sang,   Hematurie.     Hemorrhage    from    the 
mucous    membrane    of    the    urinary  passages. 
Like  other   hemorrhages,  it  may  be   active  or 
passive.     It    may   proceed    from    the   kidneys, 
bladder,  or  urethra.     The  essential  symptoms 
are— blood  evacuated  by  the  urethra;  preceded 
by  pain  in  the  region  of  the  bladder  or  kidneys, 
and  accompanied  by  faintness.     Whencesoever 
it  proceeds,  hematuria  always  takes  place  by 
exhalation      Rupture  of  vessels  is  by  no  means 
common    in    the   mucous    membranes.     Active 
hematuria  requires  general  or  local  blood  let- 
ting; diluent  and  cooling  drinks;  absolute  rest, 
and  the  horizontal  posture.     The  chronic  kind 
is  more  troublesome.     It  requires  acidulated  or 
aluminous  drinks;   chalybeates  and    tonics   in 
general.     When  hematuria  is  excessive,  cold 
injections  may  be  thrown  into  the  rectum  or 
into  the  vagina  of  women,  and  topical  applica- 
tions be  made  to  the  perinasum. 
HJEMAXIS,  Blood-letting. 
HjEMEWCEPHALUS,  Apoplexy. 
ILE.MIDKOSIS,  see  Diapedesis. 
HJEMI'TIS,  from  -aijut,  'blood,'  and  itis,  a 
suffix  denoting  inflammation.     Inflammation  of 


blood,  which  occurs  in  inflammatory  diseases, 
— Piorry. 

H^EMO-ARTHRITIS,  Rheumatism,  (acute.) 
H M MOCAR DIORRH A G"IA,  Apopl.ex'ia 
cordis,  Apoplexy  of  the  heart,  from  'ai^a,  'blood;' 
xxodix, '  the  heart,'  and  'gtjyvvfii,  'I  break  forth.' 
Effusion  of  blood  into  the  substance  of  the 
heart. 

H^EMOCERCH'NOS.  This  term  has  re- 
ceived two  acceptations,  owing  to  the  different 
senses  in  which  ki^/vo?  is  employed;  signify- 
ing, sometimes,  hissing,-  at  others,  dry.  Con- 
sequently, the  hellenists  have  translated  the 
compound  word,  at  times,  by  spitting  of  blood, 
with  hissing  in  the  throat;  at  others,  by  evacu- 
ation of  dry  matters. 

H^EMO'DIA,  Hebelu'do  Den'tium,  from 
lai[Au)8ita,  'I  stupefy.'  Pain  of  the  teeth, — and 
more  especially  Agacement,  (q.  v.)  or  the  set- 
ting on  edge  of  those  bodies  by  acid  or  acerb 
substances.  It  is  also  called  Odon'tia  Slupo'ris, 
Odontalgia  haemo'dia,  Dolor  den'tium  a  strido'rl, 
Toothed ge,  Cataplexfis. 

H^EMOPATHI'A,  Hcematopathi'a,-  from 
'aij.ia,  '  blood,'  and  naQog,  '  disease.'  Disease  of 
the  blood. 

H^EMOPHTHAL'MIA,  from  'ai/ua.  'blood,' 
and  o(f>6ceXfiog,  'eye.'     Effusion  of  blood  into  the 
eye.     When  the  extravasation  is  external,  it  is 
called  H.  ezteYna,  Hyposphag'ma  and   Hcerna- 
lops  exter'nus,-  when  internal,  Haemophthal'mia 
interna,-  Hijdiophthal' mus cruen'tus,  Hypach'ysis 
haunato'des,  Hcemato'ma  Oc'uli,  and  Hse'malops 
interims, 
H^MAPROCTIA,  Haemorrhois. 
HiEMOPTOE,  Haemoptysis. 
HJSMOPTOS1S,  Hemoptysis. 
H.EMOP'TYSIS,  from  'aijua,   'blood,'  and 
n-Tvu),  'I  spit.'     Spitting  of  blood,  Hazmorrha'- 
gia  Hannop'tysis,  Hcemap'tijsis,    Hcematoplys'ia, 
tlxmatop' lysis,  Emp'toS,  Empto'icupas'sio,  H<e- 
moptys'mus,  Hamoplo'sis,  Sputum   sung'uinis, 
Cruen'ta     expui'tio,     Hsemorrha'gia    pulm.o'nis, 
Pas'sio  luemopto'ica,  Rejec'tio  sang'uinis  e  pul- 
mo'nibus,  Expectora'tio  sang'uinis,Hxmorrha' gia 
Bron'chica,    Pneumorrha'gia,    Bronchorrha'gia, 
Fmp'tysts,  Hamop'toS,  Sputum  cruen'tum.    (Fi) 
Hcmoptysie,  Crachementdesang.     Hemorrhage 
from  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  lungs;  cha- 
racterized by  the  expectoration  of  more  or  less 
florid  and  frothy  blood.     It    is   generally  pre- 
ceded by  cough;  dyspnoea;  sense  of  heat  in  the 
chest,  &,c.     It  is  important  to  discriminate  be- 
tween   ha3moptysis,    produced    by    some    acci- 
dental cause  acting  irregularly  or  periodically 
on  the  lungs;    and  that  which  is,  as  it  were, 
constitutional,  and  dependent  on  some  organic 
affection  of  the  lungs,  or  some  faulty  conforma- 
tion of  the  chest.     These  two  varieties  differ  as 
much  in  their  prognosis  and  method  of  treat- 
ment, as  in  their    causes.     Constitutional   he- 
moptysis is  a  serious  disease,  almost  always  an- 
nouncing phthisis  pulmonalis.     The  accidental 
variety  is  chiefly  dangerous  by  frequent  recur- 
rence, or  too  great  loss  of  blood. 

The  general  causes  of  hremoptysis  are  the  same 
as  those  of  other  kinds  of  hemorrhage.  It  has, 
besides,  particular  causes,-  such  as  too  great  ex- 
ercise of  the  lungs; — loud  speaking,  playing  on 
wind  instruments,  bieathing  arrid  vapours,  &c. 
It  usually  occurs  between  puberty  arid  the  age 
of  35.     A  sudden  and  terrific  kind  of  heinoptj- 


the  blood.     (F.)  116/nite.    The  alteration  of  the  I  sis  is  sometimes  met  with;  consisting  in  a  great 


HAEMOPTYSIS  INTERNA 


366 


HEMORRHOIDAL  ARTERIES' 


afflux  of  blood  into  the  lungs.  This  has  been 
called  Pulmonary  Ap'oplexy,  Apoplex'ia  pul  mo- 
no.'lis,  A. pulmo'num,  Pneumorrha'gia,  (F.)  Apo- 
■plexie  pulmonaire.  Hc'moptysie  foudroyante,  He- 
morrhagic interstitielle  du  Pounion.  Infiltration 
of  blood  into  the  air  cells  may  occur  without 
any  haemoptysis. 

Physical  signs.  Percussion  may  not  always 
aid  us  in  hemoptysis,  but  generally  a  circum- 
scribed dulness  will  be  perceived.  The  inspi- 
ratory murmur,  on  'auscultation,  is  feeble  or 
absent,  locally;  and  is  replaced  by  bronchial 
respiration  and  bronchophony.  A  fine  liquid 
crepitus  is  detected  around  the  affected  part; 
and  in  the  larger  tubes,  near  the  spine,  a  liquid 
bubbling  rhonchus  is  usually  heard.  The  value 
of  these  signs  is  determined  by  the  nature  of 
the  expectoration.  The  treatment  of  haemop- 
tysis must  be  like  that  of  internal  hemorrhage 
in  general. 

Hemoptysis  Interna,  Hematothorax — h. 
Phthisis,  Phthisis  pulmonalis. 

HiEMOPTYSMUS,  Hemoptysis. 

H/EMORMESiS,  Hyperemia. 

H^EMORRHACHIS,  Apoplexia  myelitica. 

HAEMORRH  A'GIA,  from  '*,,,«,  '  blood,'  and 
Qyjyvvfit,  'I  bieak  forth'.  San'guinis  profiu'vium 
copio'sum,  Sa?iguifiux'us,  Hcematoch' ysis,  Ai- 
morrho/a,  Hcemorrhcc'a,  Haematorrhag"  ia,  Pro- 
fiu'vium san'guinis,  Profu'sio  Sang'uinis,  Hem'- 
orrhage,  Loss  of  blood,  Rupturing,  bursting,  or 
breaking  of  a  blood-vessel,  (F.)  Hcmm-rhagie  ou 
Himorhagie,  Perte  de  sang.  Any  discharge  of 
blood  from  vessels  destined  to  contain  it;  with 
or  without  rupture  of  their  coats.  Hemor- 
rhages may  be  spontaneous  or  traumatic:  the 
first  belong  to  the  domain  of  medicine,  the 
latter  to  that  of  surgery.  They  may,  also,  be 
internal  or  external;  general — as  in  scurvy — or 
local.  The  hemorrhages  by  exhalation — those 
which  chiefly  interest  the  physician — may  be 
classed,  with  Pinel,  as  follows: — 1.  Hemorrhage 
of  the  Mucous  Membranes;  Epistaxis,  Hemopty- 
sis, Hematemesis,  Hemorrhoids,  Hematuria, 
Uterine  Hemorrhage.  2.  Hemorrhage  of  the  Tis- 
sues ,-  Cutaneous,  Cellular,  Serous,  Synovial. 

Hemorrhages  have  generally  been  distin- 
guished into  active  and  passive:  in  other  words, 
into  those  dependent  upon  augmentation  of  the 
organic  actions,  and  those  dependent  upon  de- 
bility. According  to  Broussais,no  spontaneous 
hemorrhage  is  passive;  all  are  active, — that  is, 
produced  by  increased  action  and  excess  of  ir- 
ritation of  the  blood-vessels.  They  may  occur 
with  debility,  but  not  from  debility.  He  calls 
those  only passivehemorrhages,  which  are  owintr 
to  an  external  lesion  of  the  vessels.  Hemor- 
rhages have  been,  by  some,  divided  into  consti- 
tutional, or  those  depending  on  original  con- 
formation:— accidental,  or  those  produced  by 
some  adventitious  cause;  supplementary,  or 
those  which  succeed  others;  symptomatic,  criti- 
cal, &c. 

When  hemorrhage  takes  place  into  any  tis- 
sue, or  is  interstitial,  it  receives  the  names  with 
many  of  apoplexy,  (q.  v.) 

Active  Hemorrhage,  Hemorrhag" ia  acti'va,  H. 
arterio'su,  Cauma  hamorrha' 'gicum,  Angeior- 
r/(agi«, occurs  chiefly  in  the  young  and  plethoric. 
Good  living;  the  use  of  fermented  liquors;  ex- 
cessive exercise,  or  too  sedentary  a  life,  may 
perhaps  be  ranked  as  predisponent  causes. 
They    are   commonly   preceded   by    heaviness 


and  pulsation  in  the  part, — owing  to  the  afflux 
of  blood  and  consequent  hyperemia, — and  by 
coldness  of  the  extremities.  The  blood,  eva- 
cuated, is  generally  of  a  florid  red.  In  such 
active  hemorrhages,  the  great  indications  of 
treatment  will  be,  to  diminish  plethora  where 
it  exists,  and  to  lessen  the  heart's  action. 
Bleeding,  purgatives,  and  cold,  will  be  the 
chief  agents. 

Passive  Hemorrhage,  Hscmorrhngia  passi'ca, 
H.  Veno'sa,  Profu'sio,  P.  hemorrhagica,  occurs 
in  those  of  a  weak  constitution;  or  who  have 
been  debilitated  by  protracted  disease,  poor 
diet,  long  watching,  excessive  evacuations,  &c. 

The  direct  causes  may  be:  —  previous  active 
hemorrhage;  scorbutus,  or  any  thing  capable 
of  inducing  atony  or  asthenic  hyperemia  of  the 
small  vessels.  These  hemorrhages  are  not  pre- 
ceded by  excitement  or  by  any  signs  of  local 
determination.  They  are  usually  accompanied 
by  paleness  of  the  countenance;  feeble  pulse; 
fainting,  &c.  The  indications  of  treatment 
will  be  : — to  restore  the  action  of  the  small  ves- 
sels and  the  general  tone  of  the  system;  hence 
the  utility  of  styptics  and  cold  externally;  and 
of  tonics  and  astringents,  creasote,  mineral 
acids,  &c,  internally.  Hemorrhage  also  oc- 
curs from  mechanical  hyperemia,  as  when  he- 
moptysis is  produced  by  tubercles  in  the  lungs; 
hematemesis  by  disease  of  some  of  the  solid 
viscera  of  the  abdomen,  &c. 

In  Traumatic  Hemorrhages,  or  those  which 
are  the  consequences  of  wounds  of  arterial  or 
venous  trunks,  the  blood  is  of  a  florid  red  co- 
lour, and  issues  by  jets  and  impulses,  if  it  pro- 
ceed from  an  artery;  whilst  it  is  of  a  deeper 
red,  issues  slowly  and  by  a  continuous  jet,  if 
from  a  vein.  If  the  capillary  vessels  be  alone 
divided,  the  blood  is  merely  infused  at  the  sur- 
face of  the  wound.  Of  the  means  used  for  ar- 
resting these  traumatic  hemorrhages,  some  act 
mechanically,  as  absorbents,  ligature,  and  com- 
pression ,-  others  chymically,  as  fire,  caustics, 
creasote,  astringents,  &c. 

H/EMouuHAGiA.  Activa  Narium,  Epistaxis— 
h.  Bronchica,  Hemoptysis — h.  Cerebri,  Apo- 
plexy— h.  per  Diapedesin,  Diapedesis— h.  Hae- 
matemesis, Hematemesis — h.  Hematuria,  Hav 
maturia — h.  Hemoptysis,  Hemoptysis — h.  He- 
patis,  Hepatonhagia — h.  Intestinorum,  Ilema- 
tochezia — h.  Mucosa,  see  Hemorrhois — h.  Na- 
bothi,  see  Parturition— h.  Oris,  Stomatorrhagia 
— h.  Penis,  Stimatosis — h.  Pulmonis,  Hemo- 
ptysis— h.  Universalis,  Purpura  hemorrhagica 
— h.  Uterina,  Metrorrhagia — h.  Ventriculi,  He- 
matemesis. 

H.EMORRHINIA,  Epistaxis. 

ILEMORRHINORRHAG I  A,  Epistaxis. 

H^EMORRHCE'A,  from  'ai/*a,  •  blood,'  and 
Que,  '1  flow.'  Hxmorrha'giu,  (q.  v.)  Loss  of 
blood.  Some  writers  have  proposed  to  restrict 
this  name  to  passive  hemorrhages. 

HjEmorrhqsa  Petechials,  Purpura  hemor- 
rhagica— h.  Uterina,  Metrorrhagia. 

H^EMORRHOI'DAL  or  UEMORRHOl'- 
DAL,  Hxmorrho'idu'lis,  Hemorrhoidals.  Re- 
lating to  hemorrhoids;  as  hemorrhoidal  flax, 
hemorrhoidal  tumours,  &c. 

Hemorrhoidal  Arteries  have  been  distin- 
guished into  superior,  middle,  and  inferior.  I. 
The  first  is  the  termination  of  the  inferior  me- 
senteric artery,  which  assumes  the  name  supe- 
rior hemorrhoidal,  when  it  reaches  the  upper 


HEMORRHOIDAL  NERVES 


367 


HEMOSTASIA 


and  posterior  part  of  the  rectum.  2.  The  mid- 
dle hemorrhoidal  is  furnished  by  the  hypogas- 
tric or  internal  pudic.  It  ramifies  on  the  infe- 
rior and  anterior  part  of  the  rectum.  3.  The 
inferior  hemorrhoidal  arteries  are  branches  of 
the  internal  pudic,  furnished  to  the  inferior  part 
of  the  rectum  and  to  the  muscles  of  the  anus. 

Hemorrhoidal  Nerves.  These  emanate 
from  the  sciatic  and  hypogastric  plexuses;  and 
cover  the  rectum  with  their  numerous  fila- 
ments. 

Hemorrhoidal  Vejns  follow  the  same  distri- 
bution, and  generally  empty  themselves  into 
tne  lesser  mesenteric.  Some  of  them  assist  in 
the  formation  of  the  hypogastric  vein. 

Hemorrhoidal  Vessels,  Vasa  seda'lia,  are 
those  vessels  which  are  distributed  to  the  rec- 
tum— the  seat  of  hemorrhoids. 

HiEMOR'RHOlS,  Aimor'rhols,  from  'aiua, 
'blood,'  and  geco,  'I  flow.'  Aimor'rois,  Protftica 
Moris' ca,  Moris' ca,  Pi  octal' gia  Hcemorrhuida'  lis , 
Morbus  HxrnorrkoidaUs,  Piles,  (F.)  Hemorrho'ides. 
The  essential  symptoms  of  this  affection  are: — 
Livid  and  painful  tubercles  or  excrescences. 
(Hemorrkoicfrat  Tumours,)  usually  attended  with 
a  discharge  of  mucus  or  blood,  {Hemorrhoid' al 
flux,  Proetorrhai'a,  Hormopioc'tia,  (F.)  Ilema- 
proctie.)  The  most  common  causes  of  piles  are 
a  sedentary  life;  accumulation  of  feces  in  the 
rectum;  violent  efforts  at  stool;  pregnancy,  &c. 
The  precursory  symptoms  are: — pa:ns  in  the 
loins;  stupor  of  the  lower  limbs;  and  uneasiness 
in  the  abdomen  and  rectum,  with  more  or  less 
gastric,  cerebral,  and  indeed  general  disorder; — 
constituting  the  Diath'esis  Hemorrhoidal  lis, 
Mutus  Hxmorrlwida'lis.  and  Moli'men  Hsemor- 
rhoida'le,  (q.  v.)  of  most  of  the  writers  of  Con- 
tinental Europe.  To  these  symptoms  follow 
one  or  more  round,  smooth,  renitent,  painful, 
pulsating,  and  erectile  tumours,  around  the  mar- 
gin of  the  anus,  or  within  the  anus;  some  pour- 
ing out  blood  occasionally.  After  having  re- 
mained, for  a  time,  tense,  and  painful,  they 
gradually  shrink  and  disappear.  The  chief 
symptoms, occasioned  by  hemorrhoidal  tumours, 
when  much  inflamed,  are:  constant  pain,  liable, 
however,  to  exacerbations,  and  obliging  the  pa- 
tient to  preserve  the  horizontal  posture,  and  to 
become  augmented  by  the  least  pressure,  or  by 
the  passage  of  the  faeces. 

Haemorrhoids  have  generally  been  distin- 
guished into — //.  Fluen'les,  Proc'lica  Maris1  ca 
cruen'la.  Bleeding  or  Open  Piles;  and  into  H. 
non  fluen'les,  Proc'tica  Maris'ca  cxra,  Hxmoi- 
rhovdes  excx,  Shut  or  blind  piles.  They  have, 
also,  been  divided  into  internal  or  occult,  and 
external,  according  to  their  situation;  and  into 
accidental  or  constitutional- 

Hemorrhoidal  Tumours  are  extremely  trou- 
blesome, by  their  disposition  to  frequent  re- 
currence; and  they  are  apt  to  induce  fistula; 
otherwise,  they  are  devoid  of  danger.  When 
anatomically  examined,  they  are  found  not  to 
consist  in  a  varicose  dilatation  of  the  veins  of 
the  rectum;  but  to  be  formed  of  a  very  close, 
spongy,  texture;  similar  to  that  which  sur- 
rounds the  onfice  of  the  vagina;  and  to  be 
erectile,  like  i'..  They  are  surrounded  by  a  de- 
licate membrane,  and  have  no  internal  cavity. 
The  treatment,  in  mild  cases  of  hemorrhoidal 
tumours,  is  simple.  Rest;  the  horizontal  pos- 
ture;   the    use   of  mild   laxatives,   as   sulphur, 


cienf.  If  they  be  much  inflamed,  leeches  may 
be  applied;  and  warm  cataplasms  or  cold  lotions, 
according  to  circumstances,  be  prescribed,  with 
abstinence,  and  cooling  drinks.  Afterwards, 
an  ointment,  composed  of  powdered  galls  and 
opium,  may  afford  relief.  It  is  in  i he  relaxed 
kind,  that  such  ointment,  and  the  internal  use 
of  H'uid's  Paste,  can  alone  be  expected  to  afford 
much  benefit.  If,  after  repeated  attacks,  the 
tumours  remain  hard  and  painful,  and  threaten 
fistula,  they  may  be  removed. 

By  Hemorrhoidal  Flux,  Flaxus  hxmorrhoida'- 
lis, Proctorrha'gia,  is  meant  the  hemorrhage 
which  lakes  place  from  the  rectum,  owing  to 
hemorrhoids.  It  is  a  common  affection.  The 
quantity  of  blood  discharged  is  various:  at 
times,  it  is  very  trifling;  at  others,  sufficient 
to  induce  great  debility,  and  even  death.  It 
is  announced  and  accompanied  by  the  same 
symptoms,  as  precede  and  attend  hemorrhoi- 
dal tumours.  Like  other  hemorrhages  it  may 
be  active  or  passive;  accidental  or  constitutional. 
The  prognosis  is  rarely  unfavourable.  The 
affection  may,  almost  always,  be  relieved  by 
properly  adapted  means.  These  resemble  such 
as  are  necessary  in  hemorrhages  in  general. 
Perfect  quietude, — mental  and  corporeal, — light 
diet,  cooling  drinks;  bleeding,  if  the  symp- 
toms indicate  it;  astringents,  (if  the  disease  be 
protracted  and  passive,)  such  as  the  Tinctura 
Ferri  Ckloridi;  aspersions  of  cold  water  on  the 
anus;  astringent  injections;  plugging  and  com- 
pression. Such  will  be  the  principal  remedial 
agents.  When  the  hemorrhage  has  become 
habitual  or  is  vicarious,  some  caution  may  be 
required  in  checking  it;  and,  if  inconvenience 
arise  from  a  sudden  suppression,  its  return  may 
be  solicited  by  the  semicupium,  sitting  over 
warm  water;  aloetic  purgatives,  glysters,  irri- 
tating suppositories,  &c;  or  leeches  may  be 
applied  to  the  anus. 

To  the  internal  bleeding  pile,  a  soft,  red, 
strawberry-like  elevation  of  the  mucous  mem- 
brane, Dr.  Houston,  of  Dublin,  gives  the  name 
vascular  tumour.  For  its  removal  he  recom- 
mends the  application  of  nitric  acid,  so  as  to 
produce  sloughing  of  its  surface. 

Some  authors  have  described  a  species  of 
Leitcorrhcc' a  Ana' lis;  or  whitish  discharge  from 
the  anus,  which  often  attends  ordinary  haemor- 
rhoids. This  they  have  called,  Eroctica  maris'ca 
muco'sa,  Hxmor'rho'is  alba,  Hijcmorrhd ' gia  mu- 
co'sa,  Lcucor'rho'is,  &c.  It  requires  no  special 
mention. 

HjEmorrhois  ab  Exania,  Proctocele —  h. 
Procedens,  Proctocele. 

HEMORRHOSCOPTA,  Hxmorrhoiscop'ia, 
Hamat'ica,  from  'uiaa,  'blood,'  (jivy,  'I  flow,' 
and  oxoTiiu),  '  I  view.'  The  art  of  forming  a 
judgment  of  the  state  of  the  system  from  blood 
drawn. 

HiEMOSPAS'TIC,  (F.)  Hcmospasique,  from 
'ttifta,  'blood,'  and  onaw,  'I  draw.'  An  agent 
which  draws  or  attracts  blood  to  a  part;  as  a 
cupping-glass.  The  operation  is  termed  Hx- 
mospasia,  (F.)  Hemospasie.  It  is  generally  ap- 
plied to  a  process  by  which  the  air  is  exhausted 
over  a  considerable  surface,  as  over  one  or  more 
of  the  extremities,  by  an  appropriate  pneumatic 
apparatus. 

HEMOSTASIA,  Hxmos'lnsis,  Epid'esis, 
from   'uitta,  'blood,'   and    oruni;,  '  stagnation. ' 


castor  oil,  and  emollient  glysters,  will  be  suffi-*j  Stagnation  of  blood.    This  name  has,  also,  been 


HEMOSTATICS 


368 


HAPLOTOMIA 


given  to  any  operation,  the  object  of  which  is 
to  arrest  the'flow  of  blood. 

HJEM OSTATICS,  Hsmatostatica. 

HEMOT'ROPHY,  Hxnwtroph'ia;  from  'ai.ua, 
'blood,'  and  too(/it;,  'nourishment.'  Excess  ot 
sanguineous  nourishment. —  Prout. 

HEMOURESIS,  Hematuria. 

HEMYDOR,  Serum  of  the  blood. 

HjEVEA    GU1ANENSIS,  see  Caoutchouc. 

HAGARD,  Hazard. 

HAGE'NIA  ABYSSIN'ICA.  An  Abyssinian 
tree,  which  the  natives  plant  round  their  habi- 
tations, as  an  ornament.  The  infusion  of  its 
flowers  mixed  with  beer  is  employed  by  them 
as  an  anthelmintic.  It  is  called,  there,  Cusso 
or  Kosso. 

HAGGARD,  (F.)  Hagard.  The  French  use 
the  term,  Air  Hagard,  (Eil  hagard,  'Haggard- 
air'  '  Haggard  eye,'  for  a  physiognomy,  in 
which  there  is  at  once  an  expression  of  mad- 
ness and  terror. 

HAGIOSPERMUM,  Artemisia  sanlonica. 

HAGIOXYLUM,  Guaiacum. 

HAIL,  Chalaza. 

HAIR,  Sax  hx.p,  Crines,  Pilus,  Thrix,  (F.) 
Poil.  A  conical,  corneous  substance;  issuing 
to  a  greater  or  less  distance  from  the  skin,  to 
the  tissue  of  which  it  adheres,  by  a  bulb  seated 
in  the  cellular  membrane, — where  alone  it  is 
sensible.  The  hair  receives  various  names  in 
different  parts — as  Beard,  Cilia,  Eyebrows,  Hair 
of  the  head,  (Capilli,)  Sec. 

Hair,  Falling  off  of  the,  Alopecia — h 
Matted,  Plica— h.  Plaited,  Plica. 

Hair-worm,  Seta  equina— h.  Muscular,  Dra- 
eunculus. 

HAL.  Salt. 

HALCHEMI'A.  The  alchymists  so  called 
the  art  of  fusing  salts:  from  laXq,  'salt,'  and 
,ff(»,  '  I  pour  out.' — Libavius. 

HALCYON.  Alcyon. 

HALCYO.MUM  ROTUNDUM,  Pila  marina. 

HALE,  Ephelides. 

HALEINE,  Breath—/*.  Covrte,  Dyspnoea. 

HALELJS'ON,  HalMum,' from  '«;s,  'salt,' 
and  tlatov, '  oil.'  Oleum  Soli  mixtum.  A  mix- 
ture of  oil  and  salt,  for  removing  swelling3  of 
the  joints  — Galen. 

HAL&T2RATI0N,  Alteration. 

HAL1CA,  Alica. 

HALICACALUM,  Physalis. 

HALICES.  Pandiculation. 

HALINA'TRUM.  A  name  given  by  the 
ancients  to  subcarbonate  of  soda,  containing  a 
little  subcarbonate  of  ammonia,  which  is  found 
ready -formed  on  the  plaster  of  damp  walls,  in 
places  inhabited  by  man  or  animals;  from  'akg, 
'salt,'  and  natfvm  or  natron. 

HALJN1TRUM,  Potass*  nitras. 

HALINUS,  Saline. 

HAL'ITUOUS,  Halituo'sus,  from  halitus, 
'vapour,'  (F.)  Halilueux.  The  skin  is  said  to 
be  halitaevse,  when  covered  with  a  gentle  mois- 
ture. The  vapour,  exhaled  in  all  the  cavities 
of  the  body,  so  long  as  the  blood  is  warm,  is 
called  Hal'itus.  The  odorous  vapour,  exhaled 
by  the  blood  itself  whilst  warm,  is  called  Halitus 
Sanguinis. 

Halitus,  Breath — h.  Sanguinis,  Gaz  san- 
guinis     See  H.ilitnous. 

HALL,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  The 
springs  of  Hall,  in  Upper  Austria,  contain 
iodine. 


HALLUCTNATIO    HYPOCHONDRIASIS, 

Hypochondriasis — h.  Vertigo,  Vertigo. 

HALLUCINATION,  Hallucina'tio,  Alu'sin, 
lllu'sion,  Allucina'fio,  Parora'sis,  Waking  dream, 
P han't  asm,  Ido'lum,  from  allucinuri,  'to  err;' 
'to  be  deceived.'  A  morbid  error  in  one  or 
more  of  the  senses.  Perception  of  objects, 
which  do  not  in  fact  exert  any  impression  on 
the  external  senses.  Hallucination,  almost  al- 
ways, if  not  always,  depends  on  disorder  of  the 
brain,  but  is  not  an  index  of  insanity,  unless 
the  patient  believes  in  the  existence  of  the  sub- 
jects of  the  hallucination. 

HALLUS.  Pollex  pedis. 

HALLUX,  Pollex  pedis. 

HALME,  Muria. 

HALMYRO'DES,  Salsvgino'svs,  from  'aXuv 
oi,,-,  ('aAj/fj,  'sea-water,' 'cd?,  'salt,')  'a  salt  liquor.' 
An  epithet  jjiven  to  any  affection,  in  which  the 
heat  feels  acrid  under  the  finger  of  the  physi- 
cian.— Hippocrates. 

HALO  SJGNA'TUS.  The  impression  made 
by  the  ciliary  processes  on  the  anterior  surface 
of  the  vitreous  humour.  So  called  from  its  con- 
sisting of  a  circle  of  indentations. — Sir  C.  Bell. 
Called  by  Haller,  Striae  retinae  subjectx  ligaments 
ciliarL 

HALOGENE,  Chlorine. 

HALOIDUM  OXYGENATUM,  PotasstB 
Murias  hyperoxygenatus. 

HALS,  'uXg,  'salt;'  (q.  v.)  hence  Halogene, 
Haloid,  See. 

HALYSIS  MEMBRANACEA,  Bothrioce- 
phalus  latus — h.  Solium,  Tsenia  solium. 

HAM.  Poples. 

HAMAME'LIS  VIRGINIA'NA,  H.  Virgin'ica. 
The  Witch  hazel.  Winter  witch  hazel,  Snapping 
Hazelnut,  Winter  bloom.  The  bark  of  this  tree, 
which  is  a  native  of  the  United  States,  is  some- 
what bitter  and  sensibly  astringent;  but  it  has 
not  been  much  used.  A  cataplasm  of  the  inner 
rind  of  the  bark  is  said  to  have  been  found  effi- 
cacious in  painful  inflammation  of  the  eyes. 

HAMARTHRI'TIS,  Holarthri'tis,  Cathohr- 
thri'tis,  Ar  thri'tis  universalis,  from  'uua,  'at 
once,'  and  ay^yiTi;,  'gout.'  Gout  in  all  the 
joints.     Universal  gout. 

HAM'MA,  JVodus,  'a  tie.'  A  knot,  used  for 
retaining  bandages  on  any  part. — Hippocrates. 

HAMPSTEAD,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
These  waters,  situate  in  the  neighbourhood  of 
London,  are  a  good  chalybeate. 

HAM'ULUS.  Diminutive  of  hamvs,  'a 
hook.'  A  hook  or  crook  :  Ancistron.  Also,  any 
hook-like  process;  as  the  hamulus  of  the  ptery- 
goid process. 

HANCHE,  Haunch. 

HAND.  Manns. 

HANDS,  DROPPED.  A  popular  term  for 
the  paralysis  of  the  hands,  induced  by  the  ac- 
tion of  lead. 

HANGERS,  Cru^ta  genu  equina. 

HANGNAIL,  (F.)  Envie.  A  portion  of  epi- 
dermis, detached  so  as  to  tear  the  integument 
in  the  vicinity  of  the  finger  nails. 

HANNEBANE,  Hyoscyamus. 

HAPHE,  'uwti,{ feeling,  touch,'  (q.v.)  Hence: 

HAPHON'OSI,  Haphonu'si,  from  'aipr,  'the 
touch.'  Morbi  tactus.  Diseases  of  the  sense  of 
touch. 

HAPLOTOM'IA,  Simplex  sce'lio,  from 
'anAoc;,  '  simple,'  and  tojujj,  'incision.'  A  sim- 
ple incision. 


H  APSIS 


369 


HEAD 


HAPSIS,  Touch. 

HARD,  (G.)  hart,  Durus;  Sderos,  (F.)  Dur. 
That  which  offers  much  resistance.  In  ana- 
tomy, the  hard  purls  are  those  which  compose 
the  osseous  basis  of  the  body,  in  other  words, 
the  skeleton.     See  Pulse,  hard. 

HARDESIA,  Hibernicus  lapis. 

HARD  HACK,  Spiraa  tomentosa. 

HAH  E  -  LIP,  Lagochei' lus,  Latros'loma,  La'- 
bium  Lepori'num,  Olopho'nia  Labii  Lobdta,  Le- 
pori'na  labia,  Lepoii'num  rostrum,  (F.)  Bee  de 
Ulcere.  A  fissure  or  perpendicular  division 
of  one  or  both  lips.  It  has  been  so  called,  in 
consequence  of  the  upper  lip  of  the  hare  being 
thus  divided.  Harelip  is  generally  congenital; 
at  other  times  it  is  accidental,  or  produced  by  a 
wound,  the  edges  of  which  have  not  been 
brought  into  contact,  and  have  healed  sepa- 
rately. It  is  simple,  when  there  is  but  one  di- 
vision; double,  when  there  are  two;  and  compli- 
cated, when  there  is,  at  the  same  time,  a  divi- 
sion or  cleft  of  the  superior  maxillary  bone  and 
of  the  palate:  or  projection  of  the  teeth  into  the 
separation  of  the  lip. 

In  the  Hare-lip  Operation,  there  are  two  indi- 
cations to  be  fulfilled.  First,  To  pare,  with  the 
knife  or  scissors,  the  edges  of  the  cleft,  and, 
afterwards,  to  preserve  them  in  contact;  in  order 
to  cause  adhesion.  This  last  object  is  accom- 
plished by  means  of  pins,  passed  through  the 
edges  of  the  division;  in  other  words,  by  the 
twisted  suture.  The  projecting  teeth  must,  of 
course,  be  previously  removed.  If  there  be  se- 
paration of  the  palate,  it  will  become  less  and 
less  after  the  union  of  the  lip,  or  the  operation 
of  staphyloraphy  may  be  performed  upon  it. 

Hare's  Ear,  Bupleurum  rotundifolium — h. 
Eye,  Lagnphthalmia. 

HARGjYE,  Hernia — h.  Anecnjsmale,  Cirsom- 
phalus. 

HARICOT,  Phaseolus  vulgaris — h.  Grand  de 
Fcron,  Jatropha  curcas. 

HARMONY,  Harmo'nia,  Harmos,  primarily 
from  wjbt,  'I  adjust.'  Anatomists  have  called — 
Suture  by  Harmony,  or  simply  Harmony,  False 
or  superficial  suture, — an  immovable  articula- 
tion, in  which  the  depressions  and  eminences, 
presented  by  the  bony  surfaces  are  but  slightly 
marked;  so  that  it  might  be  presumed,  that  the 
junction  of  the  bones  took  place  by  simple  ap- 
position of  their  surfaces.  An  instance  of  har- 
monv  occurs  in  the  union  of  the  superior  max- 
illary bones  with  each  other. 

HARMOS,  Harmony. 

HAR'ROGATE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
The  villages  of  High  and  Low  Harrogate  are 
situate  in  the  centre  of  the  county  of  York, 
near  Knaresborough,  twenty  miles  from  York, 
and  filteen  from  Leeds.  Here  are  several  valu- 
able sulphureous  and  chalybeate  springs.  The 
sulphureous  springs  contain  chloride  of  sodium, 
chloride  of  calcium,  chloride  of  magnesium,  bi- 
carbonate of  soda.,  sulphohydric  acid,  carbonic 
acid,  carburetted  hydrogen  and  azote.  The 
chalybeate  springs  contain  protoxide  of  iron, 
chloride  of  sodium,  sulphate  of  soda,  chloride 
of  calcium,  chloride  of  magnesium,  carbonic 
acid,  azote  and  oxygen.  For  the  former  Harro- 
gate is  celebrated  and  frequented. 

Har'ucgatk  Water.  AnriFi"ciAr.,  may  be 
formed  of  common  salt  §v,  louler  Oiij,  impreg- 
nated with  the  gas  from  sulphate  of  potass  and 
sulphuric  acid,  18  31  v.    The  following  form  has 


also  been  recently  recommended.    5,.  Sulphat. 
Potass,  cum  sulph.  (Ph.  Ed.)  gj:  Potass,  bitart 

Sss:  Magna-,  sulphat.  Jvj:  Aquae,  destiUat.  Oij. 
'ne  half  to  be  taken  for  a  dose. 

Harrogate  Salts,  Artificial,  are  much 
employed,  and  not  unfrequeiuly  by  those  who 
drink  the  genuine  water  for  the  purpose  of  in- 
creasing its  aperient,  power.  They  may  be 
made  as  follows: — Sulph  Potass,  cum  sulph, 
Zvj;  Potass,  bitart.  §j:  Magnes.  Sulph.  in  pulv. 
i;vj.  M.  The  usual  dose  is  a  tea  spoonful  in  a 
small  tumblerful  of  tepid  water  early  in  the 
morning. 

HAR1TELL,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Hartfell  Spa  is  about  five  miles  from  Moffat,  in 
Scotland.  The  water  is  a  chalybeate,  and  is 
much  used. 

HARTSHORN,  Cervus,  Cornu  cervi,  Liquor 
cornu  cervi — h.  Red,  Spiritus  lavanduloe  eom- 
positus — h.  and  Oil,  Linimentum  ammonisecar- 
bonatis. 

HARTS'  TONGUE,  Asplenium  scolopen- 
drium. 

HARTWORT  OF  MARSEILLES,  Seseli 
tortuosum. 

HASTA,  Penis— h.  Nuptialis,  Penis— h.  Yi- 
rilis,  Penis. 

HA  STELLA,  Splint. 

HASTINGS,  CLIMATE  OF.  This  place 
has  the  reputation  of  being  one  of  the  mildest 
and  most  sheltered  winter  residences  on  the 
south  coast  of  England.  Owing  to  its  low 
situation,  and  the  height  of  the  neighbouring 
cliffs,  it  is  protected  in  a  great  degree  from  all 
northerly  winds;  and  hence  is  found  a  favour- 
able residence  generally  for  invalids  labouring 
under  diseases  of  the  chest. 

HASTULA  REGIS,  Asphodelus  ramosus. 

HAUNCH,  Coxa,  Coxen'dix,  of  the  Latins; 
ay  /it,  or  io/ioi'.  of  the  Greeks,  Jlitclta,  Jschion, 
Hip,  Cossa,  (F.)  Hunchc.  The  region  of  the 
trunk  which  is  formed  by  the  lateral  parts  of 
the  pelvis  and  the  hip  joint,  including  the  soft 
parts.  In  woman,  on  account  of  the  greater 
width  of  the  pelvis,  the  haunches  are  more 
marked  and  prominent  than  in  men. 

HAUSTUS.  k  Draught.  A  liquid  medicine, 
which  can  be  taken  at  a  draught. 

Hacstus  Niger,  see  Infusum  sennae  compo- 
situm. 

HAUTMJL.Epriepsv. 

HAVANNAH,  CLIMATE  OF.  The  cli- 
mate of  Cuba  is  often  selected  for  the  phthisi- 
cal invalid  during  the  winter  months,  and  so 
far  as  regards  elevation  and  comparative  equa- 
bility of  temperature,  it  is  more  favourable 
for  those  of  weak  lungs,  than  that  of  the 
United  States.  The  mean  annual  temperature 
is  high  (78°,)  but  the  difference  between  the 
mean  temperature  of  the  warmest  and  coldest 
months  is  twice  as  great  as  at  Madeira. 

HAWKNUT,  Bunium  bulbocastanum. 

HAWTHORN,  WHITE,  Mespilus  oxyacan- 
tha. 

HAY,  CAMEL'S,  Juncus  odoratus. 

HAY  ASTHMA.  Fever,  Hay. 

HAYRIFF,  Galium  aparine. 

HAZEL,  BEAKED,  Corylus  rqetrata— h. 
Crottles,  Lichen  pulmonarius— h  Nut.  snap- 
ping, Hamarnelis  virginiana — h.  Nut  tree,  Co- 
rylus avellana — h.  Witch,  Hamarnelis  Virgini- 
ana. 

HEAD,  Sax.  heaFo*>,  heaps,  heaved;  the  past 


HEAD,  WATER  IN  THE 


370 


HEART,  &c. 


participle  of heapan, '  to  heave  up.'  Caput,  Ce- 
j)hak,xtyuKih  xvfa,  Ci/bS,  (F.)  Tele.  The  head 
forms  the  upper  extremity  of  the  body,  and  tops 
the  skeleton.  It  consists  of  the  cranium  and 
face.  The  first,  which  comprises  all  the  supe- 
rior and  posterior  part,  has  the  encephalon  in 
its  cavity:  the  latter  forms  only  the  anterior 
part;  and  serves  as  the  receptacle  for  the  greater 
part,  of  the  organs  of  the  senses. 

Head,  Water  in  the,  Hydrocephalus — h. 
Ache,  Cephalaea,  Cephalalgia — h.  Ache,  sick, 
Cephalsea  spasmodica. 

HEADY,  same  etymon.  (F.)  Capilcux.  That 
which  inebriates  readily.  An  epithet,  applied 
to  wines,  which  possess  this  quality. 

HEAL-ALL,  Collinsonia  Canadensis,  Pru- 
nella vulgaris. 

HEALTH,  Sanitas. 

HEARING,  HARDNESS  OF,  Deafness— h. 
Perverse,  Paracusis  perversa. 

HEART,  Sax.  heojit,  Germ.  Ilerz,  Cor, 
Cear,  Ce.r,  Cartlia,  y.tun,  kio,  xaodia  (F.)  Ca:ur. 
An  azygous  muscle,  of  an  irregularly  pyra- 
midal shape  ;  situate  obliquely  and  a  little  to  the 
left  side,  in  the  chest;— resting  on  the  dia- 
phragm by  one  of  its  surfaces : — suspended  by- 
its  base  from  the  great  vessels;  free  and  movable 
in  the  rest  of  its  extent,  and  surrounded  by  the 
pericardium.  The  right  side  of  the  body  of  the 
heart  is  thin  and  sharp,  and  is  called  Mar  go 
acu'tus:  the  left  side  is  thick  and  round,  and 
termed  Margo  oblu'sus.  It  is  hollow  within, 
and  contains  four  cavities;  two  of  which,  with 
thinner  and  less  fleshy  walls,  receive  the  blood 
from  the  lungs  and  the  rest  of  the  body,  and 
pour  it  into  two  others,  with  thick  and  very 
fleshy  panetes,  which  send  it  to  the  lungs  and 
to  every  part  of  the  body.  Of  these  cavities, 
the  former  are  called  avricles,  the  latter  ven- 
tricles. The  right  auricle  and  right  ventricle 
form  the  Pulmonic  or  right  or  anterior  heart,  (F.) 
Cccur  du  poumon,  C.  du  sang  noir,  C.  droit,  C. 
anlirieur :  and  the  leftauricle  and  ventricle  the 
systemic,  corporeal,  left,  or  aortic  heart,  (F.)  Cceur 
du  corps,  C.  gauche,  C.  aort.ique,  ou  C.  rouge. 
In  the  adult, these  are  totally  distinct,  from  each 
other,  being  separated  by  a  partition; — the  sep- 
tum cordis.  Into  the  right  auricle,  the  venoe 
cavae, — superior  and  inferior, — and  the  coro- 
nary vein,  open  ;— the  pulmonary  artery  arises 
from  the  right  ventricle  ;  the  four  pulmonary 
veins  open  into  the  left  auricle,  and  the  aorta 
arises  from  the  left  ventricle.  The  mean  weight 
of  the  heart,  in  the  adult,  from  the  twenty-fifth 
to  the  sixtieth  year,  is,  according  to  Bouillaud, 
from  eight  to  nine  ounces.  The  dimensions, 
according  to  Lobstein  and  Bouillaud,  are  as  fol- 
low:— Length,  from  base  to  apex,  five  inches 
six  lines;  breadth,  at  the  base,  three  inches; 
thickness  of  the  walls  of  the  left  ventricle,  se- 
ven lines;  at  a  finger's  breadth  above  the  apex, 
four  lines;  thickness  of  the  walls  of  the  right 
ventricle,  two  and  a  quarter  lines;  at  the  apex, 
half  a  line  ;  thickness  of  right  auricle  one  line  ; 
of  the  left  auricle,  half  a  line.  The  heart  is 
covered,  externally,  by  a  very  thin,  membra- 
nous reflection  from  the  pericardium.  The  mus- 
cular structure  of  which  it  is  constituted  is 
much  thicker  in  the  parletes  of  the  ventricle 
than  in  that  of  the  auricles.  Its  cavities  are 
lined  by  a  very  delicate  membrane,  the  endo- 
cardium, which  is  continuous  with  the  inner 
membrane  of  the  arteries,  as  regards  the  left 


cavities,  and  with  that  of  the  veins,  as  regards 
the  right.  Its  arteries  —  the  coronary  —  arise 
from  the  commencement  of  the  aorta.  Its 
nerves  proceed,  chiefly,  from  the  pneumogastric 
and  the  cervical  ganglions  of  the  great  sympa- 
thetic. The  heart  is  the  great  agent  in  the 
circulation.  By  its  contraction,  the  blood  is 
sent  over  every  part  of  the  body.  Its  action 
does  not  seem  to  be  directly  owing  to  nervous 
influence,  received  from  the  brain  or  spinal 
marrow,  or  from  both.  The  circulation  may, 
indeed,  be  kept  up,  for  some  time,  if  both  brain 
and  spinal  marrow  be  destroyed. 

When  the  ear  is  applied  to  the  chest,  a  dull, 
lengthened  sound  is  heard,  which  is  synchro- 
nous with  the  arterial  pulse.  This  is  instantly 
succeeded  by  a  sharp,  quick  sound,  like  that 
of  the  valve  of  a  bellows  or  the  lapping  of  a  dog, 
and  this  is  followed  by  a  period  of  repose.  The 
first  sound  appears  to  be  mainly  produced  by 
the  contraction  of  the  ventricles;  the  second  by 
the  reflux  of  the  blood  against  the  semilunar 
valves.  These  are  what  are  called  the  Sounds 
of  the  Heart.  Dr.  C.  J.  B.Williamsthinks  thatthe 
word  lubb-dup,  conveys  a  notion  of  the  two  sounds. 
The  Beating  or  Impulse  of  the  heart,  against  the 
parietes  of  the  chest  is  mainly  caused,  perhaps, 
by  the  systole  of  the  heart,  which  tends  to  pro- 
ject it  forwards.  It  is  doubted  by  some,  whether 
the  impulsion  be  produced  by  the  dilatation  or 
the  contraction  of  the  ventricles. 

The  heart  is  subject  to  different  organic  dis- 
eases; the  chief  of  which  are  aneurism,  contrac- 
tion of  the  apertures,  and  rupture  of  its  parietes. 

Heart,  Atrophy  of  the,  Atroph'ia  seu  Ari- 
dura  Cordis,  Phthisis  Cordis,  Cardiatroph'ia, 
JJcardiotropk'ia.  A  condition  of  the  organ  in 
which  there  is  diminution  in  the  thickness  of 
the  parietes  of  the  organ,  rather  than  smallnesa 
of  the  whole  organ. 

Heart,  Dilatation  of  the,  see  Aneurism— 
h.  Fatty,  Steatosis  cordis. 

Heart,  Hypertrophy  of  the,  Hypertroph'ia 
Cordis,  Hypercardia,  Hypersarco'sis  Cordis,  Hy- 
percar diotroph' ia ,  Cor  bovi'num.  (F.)  Hypertro- 
phic du  Cccur.  Supernutrition  of  the  muscular 
parietes  of  the  heart,  which  are  thicker  than 
usual;  the  cavities  being  generally  diminished. 
The  physical  signs  which  indicate  it  are  the  fol- 
lowing. In  cases  of  long  standing,  the  precor- 
dial region  is  generally  prominent;  the  pulsa- 
tions of  the  heart  are  visible  over  a  greater  ex- 
tent than  natural;  and  a  marked  vibration  is 
communicated  to  the  hand  when  placed  on  the 
cardiac  region.  The  dull  sound  on  percussion 
is  more  extensive  than  natural;  and  on  aus- 
cultation there  is  a  permanent  increase  of  the 
force  and  extent  of  the  heart's  action;  there  is 
no  increase,  however,  of  frequency,  and  the 
rhythm  is  regular.  The  pulse  is  generally 
strong,  full,  and  hard. 

Heart,  Hypertrophy  with  Dilatation  of 
the,  Jlclirc  an'eurism,  Eccen'tric  hypertrophy. 
In  this  affection,  the  pulsations  can  be  seen 
and  felt  over  a  larger  space,  and  the  apex  is 
more  to  the  left  and  lower  down  than  natural. 
The  impulse  is  less  steady,  but  at  times  more 
violent  than  what  accompanies  simple  hyper- 
trophy. Percussion  gives  more  distinct  evi- 
dence of  the  enlargement,  the  sound  being 
more  extensively  dull.  On  auscultation,  the 
impulse  is  often  violent,  but  irregular:  in  ex- 
treme cases  it  produces  the  sensation  of  a  large 


HEART,  &c. 


371 


HEAT 


mass  of  flesh  rolling  or  revolving  beneath  the 
ear.  The  pulse  is  strong,  full  and  vibratory. 
The  shock  of  the  heart's  action  is  often  trans- 
mitted to  the  whole  person,  and  to  the  bed  on 
which  the  patient  is  lying. 

Heart,  Concentric  Hypertrophy  of  thk, 
Cardiarctie,  is  when  the  parietes  augment  at  the 
expense  of  the  cavities. 

Heart,  Neuralgia  of  the,  Angina  Pectoris. 

Heart's  Ease,  Viola  tricolor. 

Heart's  Lymph,  Lymphatic  hearts — h. Lym- 
phatic, Lymphatic  hearts. 

HEARTBURN,  Ardor  ventriculi,  Cardialgia. 

HEARTWORT,  Laserpilium  album. 

HEAT,  past  participle  of  Sax.  haeran,  'to 
make  warm.'  Calar,  Therm€,9tgp.ri.  (F.)  Cha- 
kur.  The  material  cause,  which  produces  the 
sensation, — or  the  particular  sensation  itself 
produced  by  a  body  of  an  elevated  temperature, 
on  our  organs,  especially  on  the  organs  of 
touch.  Modern  chymists  have  given  the  name 
Caloric  to  the  principle,  whatever  may  be  its 


nature,  which  is  the  cause  of  heat.  When  we 
touch  a  body,  of  a  temperature  superior  to  our 
own,  a  portion  of  caloric  passes  from  the  body- 
to  the  hand,  and  produces  the  sensation  of  lieat. 
If,  on  the  contrary,  we  touch  a  body  of  a  tem- 
perature inferior  to  our  own,  we  communicate 
a  portion  of  our  caloric  to  it,  and  experience 
the  sensation  of  cold.  Our  own  sensations  are 
but  imperfect  indexes  of  temperature.  Two 
men  meeting  at  the  middle  of  a  mountain, — 
the  one  ascending,  the  other  descending, —  will 
experience  different  sensations.  The  one  as- 
cending, passes  from  a  warmer  to  a  colder  at- 
mosphere ; — the  one  descending  from  a  colder 
to  a  warmer.  The  chief  instrument  for  mea- 
suring heat,  used  in  medicine,  is  the  thermome- 
ter. Of  this  there  are  three  kinds  ; — that  of 
Fahrenheit,  that  of  Reaumur,  and  that  of  Cel- 
sius or  the  Centigrade.  The  following  Table 
exhibits  the  correspondence  of  these  different 
thermometric  scales. 


Pah.       Keau. 


21 2a 

211 

21  Oft 

209 

208 

207 

200 

205 

204 

203 

202 

201 

200 

199 

198 

197 

196c 

195 

194 

193 

192 

191 

190 

189 

188 

187 

186 

185 

184 

183 

182 

181 

180 

179 

1 78d 

177 

176 

175 

174e 

173 

172 

171 

170 


80.00 
79.55 
79.11 
78.G6 
78.22 
77.77 
77.33 
76.88 
76.44 
76.00 
75.55 
75.11 
74.66 
74.22 
73.77 
73.33 
72.88 
72.44 
72.00 
71.55 
71.11 
70.66 
70.22 
69.77 
69.33 
68.88 
68.44 
68.00 
67.55 
67.11 
66.66 
66.22 
65.77 
65.33 
04.88 
64.44 
64.00 
63.55 
63.11 
62.66 
62.22 
61.77 
61.33 


Centig. 


100.00 
99.44 
98.88 
98.33 
97.77 
97.22 
96.66 
96.11 
95.55 
95.00 
94.44 
93.88 
93.33 
92.77 
9:2.22 
91.66 
91.11 
90.55 
90.00 
89.44 
88.88 
88.33 
87.77 
87.22 
80.06 
86.11 
85.55 
85.00 
84.44 
83.88 
83.33 
82.77 
82.22 
81.66 
81.11 
80.55 
80.00 
79.44 
78.88 
78.33 
77.77 
77.22 
76.66 


Fah. 


169 

168 

167/ 

166 

165 

164 

163 

162 

161 

160 

159 

158 

157 

156 

155 

154 

153 

152 

151 

150 

149 

148 

147 

146 

145 

144 

143 

142- 

141 

140 

139 

138 

137 

136 

135 

134 

1 33A 

132 

131 

130 

129 

128 


Keau. 


60.88 
60.44 
60.00 
59.55 
59.1 1 
58.66 
58.22 
57.77 
57.33 
56.88 
56.44 
56.00 
55.55 
55.11 
54.66 
54.22 
53.77 
53.33 
52.88 
52.44 
52.00 
51.55 
51.11 
50.66 
50.22 
49.77 
49.33 
48.88 
48.44 
48.00 
47.55 
47.11 
46.66 
46.22 
45.77 
45.33 
44.84 
44.45 
44.00 
43.55 
43.11 
42.66 


Centig 


GJ.55 

65.00 
64.44 
C3.88 
63.33 
62.77 
62.22 
61.66 
61.11 
60.55 
60.00 
59.44 
58.88 
58.33 
57.77 
57.22 
56.66 
56.1 1 
55.55 
55.00 
54.44 
53.88 


Fah. 


127 
126 
125 
124 

123 

122 

121 

120 

119 

118 

117 

116 

115 

114 

113 

112 

111 

110  { 

109 

108 

107 

106  j 

105 

1 04/c 

103 

102/ 

101 

100m 

99 

98„ 

97 

96 

95 

94 

93 

92 

91 

90 

89 

88 

87 

86 


Keaum 


42.22 

41.77 
41.33 
40.8S 
40.44 
40.00 
39.55 
39.11 
38.66 
38.22 
37.77 
37.33 
36.88 
36.44 
36.00 
35.55 
35.1 1 
34.66 
34.22 
33.77 
33.33 
32.88 
32.44 
32.00 
31.55 
31.11 
30.66 
30.22 
29.77 
29.33 
28.88 
28.44 
28.00 
27.55 
27.11 
26.66 
26.22 
25.77 
25.33 
24.8S 
24.44 
24.00 


Centig. 

]    Fah. 

o 

o 

53.33 

85 

52.77 

84 

52.22 

83 

51.66 

82 

51.11 

81o 

50.55 

80 

50.00 

79 

49.44 

78 

48.88 

77 

48.33 

76  a 

47.77 

75 

47.22 

74 

40.66 

73 

46.11 

72 

45.55 

71 

45.00 

70 

44.44 

69 

43.88 

68 

43.33 

67 

42.77 

66 

42.22 

65 

41.60 

64 

41.11 

03 

40.55 

02 

40.00 

01 

39.44 

00 

38.88 

59 

3^.33 

58 

37.77 

57 

37.22 

56 

36.66 

55 

36.11 

54 

35.55 

53 

35.00 

52 

34.44 

51 

33.88 

50, 

33.33 

49 

32.77 

48 

32.22 

47 

31.66 

46 

31.11 

45 

30.55 

44 

Rcaum. 


23.55 

23.11 

22.66 

22.22 

21.77 

2:.33 

20.88 

20.44 

20.00 

19.55 

19.11 

18.66 

18.22 

17.77 

17.33 

16.88 

16.44 

16.00 

15.55 

15.11 

14.66 

14.22 

13.77 

13.33 

12.88 

12.44 

12.00 

11.55 

11.11 

10.66 

10.22 

9.77 

9.33 

8.88 

8.44 

8.00 

7.55 

7.11 

6.66 

0.22 

5.77 

5.33 


Centig. 

30.00 
29.44 
28.88 
28.33 
27.77 
27.22 
26.66 
26.11 
25.55 
25.60 
24.44 
23.88 
23.33 
22.77 
22.22 
21.66 
21.11 
20.55 
20.00 
19.44 
18.88 
18.33 
17.77 
17.^2 
1 6.66 
16.11 
15.55 
15.00 
14.44 
13.88 
13.33 
12.77 
12.22 
11.06 
11.11 
1 0.55 
10.00 
9.44 
8.88 
8.33 
7.77 
7.22 


a  Water  boils  {Barom.  iiO  inches.) 

h  Heat  (if  a  stove,  borne  by  Dr.  So- 
fander. 

,-  II.  it  of  a  stove,  borne  for  10  mi- 
nutea  by  Si'  Joseph  iianks  and  Dr. 
golander. 

d  Water  simmers. 


e  Alcohol  boils. 
/Very  pure  ether  distils. 
g  Bees'  wax  melts. 
h  Spennai  ell  melts. 
i  Temperature  at  which  liquids  are 
often  drunk. 
j  lieat  observed  in  Scarlatina. 


k  Temperature  of  the  ((milium  hen. 
I  Temperature  of  arterial  blood.  (?) 
m  Temperature  of  venous  blood. 
Phosphorus  melts. 
n  Ether  boils,  o  Nitric  ether  boils. 
p  Muriatic,  ether  boils, 
j  .Medium  temperature  of  the  globe. 


HEAT 


372 


HECTIC  FEVER 


Fill     | 

Reau 

Uentiu'.|| 

t'ali.    | 

Reau.   | 

i,'entig    I 

Fall     |     Keau. 

Ueiuie.  | 

lUll.      1 

Reau.    I 

i  culm. 

w 

0 

o 

o 

o 

°   ! 

0 

0 

o 

0         1 

o 

■o 

43 

4.88 

6.66 

22 

—  144 

—  5.00  I 

1 

—  13.77 

-16.66 

-20 

—23.11 

-28.33 

42  k 

4.44 

6.11 

21 

—  4.88 

—  5.55  S 

0 

—14.22 

—17  22 

-21 

—23.55 

—28.88 

41 

4.00 

5.55 

20w 

—  5.33 

—  6.11 

—  1 

—  14.66 

—17  77 

—22 

—24.00 

—29.44 

40 

3.55 

5.00 

19 

—  5.77 

—  6.66 

—  2io 

—15.11 

—18  33 

-23 

—24.44 

—30.00 

39 

3.11 

4.44 

18 

—  6.22 

—  7.22 

—  3 

— 15.55 

—18*88 

-24 

—24.88 

— 30.56 

38 

2.66 

3.88 

17 

—  6.66 

—  7.77 

—  4 

-16.00 

—  19*44 

—25 

—25.33 

—31.11 

37 

2.22 

3.33 

16 

—  7.11 

—  8.33 

—  5 

—  16.44 

-20*00 

—26 

—25.77 

—31.69 

36 

1.77 

2.77 

15 

—  7.55 

—  8.88 

—  6 

-16.88 

—20  55 

— 27 

—26.22 

—32.22 

35 

1.33 

2.22 

14 

—  8.00 

—  9.44 

—  7x 

—17.33 

—21  11 

—28 

—26.66 

—32.77 

34 

0.88 

1 .66 

13 

—  8.44 

—  10.00 

—  8 

—17.77 

-21  66 

—29 

—27.11 

-33.33 

33 

0.44 

1.11 

12 

—  8.88 

—  10.55 

—  9 

-18.22 

—22*22 

—30 

—27.55 

—33.88 

32  r 

0.00 

0.55 

11 

—  9.33 

-11.11 

-10 

-18.66 

—22.77 

—31 

—28.84 

-34.44 

31 

—0.44 

0.00 

10 

—  9.77 

—11.66 

— 11a 

-19.11 

—23.33 

—32 

—28.00 

—35.00 

30  s 

—0.88 

—0.55 

9 

—  10.22 

—12.22 

-12' 

—  19.55 

—23.88 

—33 

—28.88 

—35.55 

2!) 

—  1.33 

— 1.61 

8 

—10.66 

—12.77 

-13 

-20.00 

—24.44 

—34 

—29.33 

— 30.18 

26 1 

—  1.77 

—1.66 

7v 

—11.11 

—  13.33 

—14 

—20.44 

—25.00 

—35 

—29.77 

—36.06 

27 

-2.22 

—2.22 

6 

—11.55 

—13.88 

—  15 

—20.88 

— 25.55 

—36 

—30.22 

—37.22 

26 

—2.(56 

—2.77 

5 

-12.00 

—  14.44 

—  16 

—21.33 

—26.11 

-37 

—30.66 

—38.23 

25 

—3.1 1 

—3.33 

4 

—12.44 

•—15-00 

—17 

-21.77 

—26.66 

-38 

—31.11 

—38.88 

24 

—3.55 

—3.88 

3 

—  12.8b 

—15.55 

—  18 

—22.22 

—27.22 

— 39z 

—31.55 

—39.44 

23 

—4.00 

—4.44 

g 

—13.33 

—16.11 

-19 

—22.66 

—27.77 

—40 

—32.00 

—40.00 

r  Ice  melts, 
s  Milk  freezes. 
t  Vinegar  freezes. 
u  Strong  wine  freezes. 


v  A  mixture  of  one  part  of  alcohol  bol  and  water  freezes, 

and  three  of  water  freezes.  y  A  mixture  of  two  parts  of  alco- 

w  Cold  at  the  battle  of  Eylau,  1807.  hoi  and  one  of  water  freezes. 

x  A  mixture  of  equal  parts  of  alco-  i  Melting  point  of  quicksilver. 


The  human  body  can  bear  a  high  degree  of 
heat  diffused  in  the  atmosphere.  There  are 
cases  on  record,  where  air  of  400°  and  upwards, 
of  Fahrenheit's  scale,  has  been  breathed  with 
impunity  for  a  short  time.  It  can  likewise 
withstand  very  severe  cold.  In  the  expedition 
of  Capt.  Back  to  the  Arctic  regions,  the  ther- 
mometer was  as  low  as — 70°  of  Fahr.  Exces- 
sive heat  disposes  the  body  to  gastric  and  in- 
testinal diseases,  and  particularly  to  inflamma- 
tion and  enlargement  of  the  liver;  hence,  the 
frequency  of  such  affections  within  the  torrid 
zone.  Her.t  is  often  used  therapeutically:  the 
actual  cautery,  at  a  white  heat,  disorganizes  the 
parts  to  which  it  is  applied:  a  lesser  degree  oc- 
casions violent  inflammation.  Heat  higher  than 
that  of  the  human  body  is  excitant;  of  a  lower 
degree,  sedative.  Excessive  cold  acts  as  a  pow- 
erful sedative — inducing  sleep,  the  tendency  to 
which,  after  long  exposure,  becomes  irresistible. 
See  Cold.  Many  of  the  topical  applications — 
as  cataplasms — act  wholly  by  virtue  of  their 
warmth  and  moisture. 

Heat,  Internal,  (F.)  Chaleur  interne,  is  a 
sensation  of  heat  felt  by  the  patient,  but  not 
sensible  to  the  touch.  External,  heal,  (F.)  Cha- 
leur extirieure,  that  which  can  be  felt  by  others. 
Heat,  Ardor,  is  called  moist,  (F.)  hali/euse,  when 
accompanied  with  moisture,  like  that  felt  after 
bathinjr;  dry,  (F.)  shite,  when  the  skin  has 
not  its  ordinary  softness.  It  is  called  acrid 
and  pungent,  (Y  )  Acre  ct  mordicante,  when  it 
conveys  a  disagreeable  tingling  to  the  fingers 
The  French  employ  the  terms  nervous  heat  and 
erral.'k  heat,  Chaleur  nerveuse  and  Chaleur  erra- 
tiquc,  for  that  which  conies  by  flushes,  alter- 
nating with  chills,  and  which  moves  rapidly 
from  one  part  to  another.  M.  Double  has  used 
the  term  septic  heat,  (F.)  Chuleur  septique,  for 
that  which  produces  a  piquante  sensation  on 
the  hand,  similar  to  that  of  the  acrid  heat,  but 
milder  and  more  uniform,  and  which  is  ac- 
companied with  feebleness  and  frequency  of 
pulse,  &c. 


Heat,  Acrid,  see  Acrid—  h.  Prickly,  Lichen 
tropicus. 

HEAT,  Ardor  vent' reus,  (F.)  Chaleur  des  ani- 
maux,  Rat,  is  the  periodical  sexual  desire  expe- 
rienced by  animals. 

HEATH,  COMMON,  Erica  vulgaris. 

HEAVINESS,  Somnolency. 

HEAVY,  Gravis,  (F.)  Gravatif,  from  Sax. 
heapan,  'to  heave.'  An  epithet  given  to  any 
pain,  which  consists  in  a  sensation  of  weight 
or  heaviness,  or  is  accompanied  by  such  sensa- 
tion. 

HEBDOMADARIA,  Octana. 

HEBE,  '}}(in.  This  word  has  been  employed 
to  designate,  1.  The  hair  which  grows  on  the 
pubes.  2.  The  pubic  region,  and  3.  Puberty 
(q.  v  ) 

HEBETUDO  DENTIUM,  Plasmodia— h.  Vi- 
sus,  Amblyopia,  Caligo. 

HEBREWS,  MEDICINE  OF  THE.  Medi- 
cine seems  to  have  been  at  a  very  low  ebb  with 
the  ancient  Hebrews.  Of  anatomy  they  knew 
nothing.  Their  physiology  was  imperfect  and 
filled  with  superstitions,  and  their  t/ierupevtics 
unsatisfactory.  Hygiene  appears  to  have  been 
most  attended  to.  Of  the  other  departments  of 
medicine  we  cannot  judge  of  their  knowledge. 

H  EC'TEUS.  'fzrfij?.  A  Greek  measure,  con- 
taining about  72  chopines  or  pints. 

HECTIC  FEVER.  Febris  hec'tka,  Heciico'- 
pyra,  IJecticopyr'etos,  Hertica,  Jlmphimer'iria  hec'- 
tka, Febris  phthis'ica,  Syntecop'yra,  Syntectko'- 
pyra,  Ftbris  viarasmo'des,  Fievre.  Hectique,  F. 
Etique,  Febris  tab'ida,  Leucopyr'ia,  Epan'etus 
hec'tka,  Febris  lenta.  F.  amphim.tr 'iva  hec'tka, 
Febris  amato'ria,  Chhro'sis  ainato'ria,  from 
'f^/c, 'habit  of  body;'  because  in  this  disease 
every  part  of  the  body  is  emaciated  ;  or  perhaps, 
from  ty.rtjy.u),  'I  consume,'  'I  am  exhausted.' 
The  name  of  a  slow,  continued,  or  remittent 
fever,  which  generally  accompanies  the  end 
of  oro-anic  affections,  and  has  been  esteemed 
idiopathic,  although  it  is  probably  always  symp- 
tomatic.    It  is  the  fever  of  irritability  and  de- 


HECTICA 


373 


HELIX  POMATIA 


bility ;  and  is  characterized  by  progressive  ema- 
ciation; frequent  pulse;  hot  skin,  especially  of 
the  palms  of  the  hands  and  soles  of  the  feet; 
and,  towards  the  end,  colliquative  sweats  and 
diarrhoea.  Being  symptomatic,  it  can  only  be 
removed  by  getting  rid  of  the  original  affection. 
This  is  generally  difficult  and  almost  hopeless 
in  the  disease,  which  it  most  commonly  accom- 
panies— consumption. 

HECTICA,  Hectic  Fever— h.  Phthisis,  Ph. 
pulmonalis, 

HECTICOPYRA,  Hectic  fever. 

HECTICOPYRETOS,  Hectic  fever. 
HEC'TISIS,  (P.)  fitisie.  Same  etymon.  The 
state  of  those  who  have  hectic  fever. 

HECTOGRAMME,  Hectogram' ma,  from 
'exaTor, '  a  hundred,'  and  yoafifta.  A  measure  of 
100  grammes,  i.  e.  3  ounces,  1  drachm,  and  44 
grains.  Troy. 

HECTOLITRE.  A  measure,  containing  100 
litres  or  26.42  wine  pints. 

HEDEO'MA,  Hedeo'ma  pulegim'des,  Cuni'la 
jnilcgio'i'des,  Melts' sa  pulegioides,  Pennyroyal, 
1'ickweed,  Stinking  Balm,  Squawmint.  Sex.  Syst. 
Diandria  Monogynia;  Nat.  Ord.  Labiata?.  An 
indigenous  plant,  common  in  all  parts  of  the 
United  States,  and  which,  where  it  is  abundant, 
perfumes  the  air  for  a  considerable  distance. 
It  is  employed  in  the  same  cases  as  the  mints 
and  the  English  pennyroyal.  In' popular  prac- 
tice, it  is  used  as  an  emmenagoofue. 

The  Oleum  Hedeomse  (Ph.  U.  S.)  or  Oil  of 
Pennyroyal  is  used  as  a  stimulating  carmina- 
tive, dropped  on  suirar.     Dose,  2  to  G  drops. 

HEDERA  ARBOREA,  H.  Helix. 

Hed'era  Helix,  Hed'era  arba'rea,  Bac'chica, 
Cissos,  y.ioaoq,  Citlos,  xitto?,  Ed'era,  Corymbe'- 
tra,  Cur ym' bos,  Ivy.  (F.)  Lierre.  The  taste 
of  ivy  leaves  is  bitter,  styptic,  and  nauseous. 
They  are  not  used  in  medicine.  According  to 
Haller,  they  were  recommended  in  Germany 
against  the  atrophy  of  children;  and  the  com- 
mon people  of  England  sometimes  apply  them 
to  running  sores  and  to  keep  issues  open.  The 
berries  were  supposed,  by  the  ancients,  to  have 
an  emetic  and  purgative  quality;  and  a  watery 
extract  was  made  from  them,  called  by  Quer- 
cetanus — Extractum purgans.  From  the  stalk 
of  the  tree  a  resinous  juice  exudes  in  warm  cli- 
mates, called  Gummi  Hederse,  Gomme  de  lierre', 
Resine  de  lierre.  It  is  possessed  of  tonic  and 
astringent  properties,  but  is  not  used. 

Hedera  Terrestris,  Glecoma  hederacea. 

HEDERULA,  Glecoma  hederacea. 

HEDISARUM  ALKAGI,  Agul. 

HEDRA,'«<J(ja,'{<Jg!7,  'a  vestige.'  A  fracture 
of  the  bones  of  the  cranium,  in  which  the  trace 
of  the  fracturing  instrument  is  still  perceptible. 
It  was,  also,  used,  by  the  ancients,  for  the  anus, 
(q.  v.)  excrement,  (q.  v.)  and  for  the  bottom  of 
an  abscess. 

HEDYSMA,  Condiment. 

HEEL,  see  Calcaneum. 

HELCENTERITIS,  Dothinenteritis. 

HELCODES,  Ulcerous. 

HELCOMA,  Ulcer. 

HEL'COS,  from  'eJUsj,  'an  ulcer,'  (q.  v.) 
Hence : 

HELCOSIS,  Elcosis. 

HELCTICA,  Epispastics. 

HELCYD'RION,  Helcyd'rium,  •ixy.vdoiov, 
ulcus1 'culum,  a  small  ulcer,  a  superficial  ulcera- 
tion of  the  cornea. — Galen,  Paulus,  Foesius. 


HELCYS'TER,  from  >iUv,,  'I  draw.'  An 
iron  hook  or  crotchet  for  extracting  the  fcetus. 
See  Crotchet. 

HELENIUM,  Inula  helenium. 

Helen'ium  Autumna'i.k,  False  Sunflower, 
Sneezewort,  Sncezetcecd,  Swamp  Sunflower,  Yel- 
low star,  Ox-eye.  An  indigenous  herb,  with 
large  golden-yellow  compound  flowers,  which 
appear  in  August.  All  its  parts  are  bitter  and 
somewhat  acrid,  and  when  snuffed  up  the  nos- 
trils in  powder  are  powerful  sternutatories. 

HELIAN'THEMUM  CANADEN'SE,  Cistus 
Canadensis,  Frosticort,  Fiostioted,  Rockrose. 
An  herbaceous  plant  having  large  yellow  flow- 
ers, which  grows  in  all  parts  of  the  United 
States,  and  flowers,  in  the  Middle  Slates,  in 
June.  It  has  an  astringent,  slightly  aromatic 
and  bitterish  taste.  It  lias  been  prescribed  in 
scrofula,  but  probably  is  nothing  more  than  an 
aromatic  tonic. 

HEL'ICINE,  from  Helix,  '  the  tendril  of  the 
vine.' 

Hei.icine  Arteries  of  the  penis,  as  described 
by  M'uIIer,  are  short  vessels  given  off  from  the 
larger  branches,  as  well  as  from  the  finest 
twigs  of  the  artery  of  the  organ:  most  of  those 
come  oft"  at  a  right  angle,  and  project  into  the 
cavity  of  the  spongy  substance,  either  termi- 
nating abruptly  or  swelling  out  into  a  club-like 
process  without  again  subdividing.  Almost  all 
these  vessels  are  bent  like  a  horn,  so  that  the 
end  desciibes  half  a  circle  or  somewhat  more. 
They  have  a  great  resemblance  to  the  tendrils 
of  the  vine,  whence  their  name.  A  minute  ex- 
amination of  them,  either  with  the  lens  or  the 
microscope,  shows  that,  although  they  at  all 
times  project  into  the  venous  cavities  of  the 
corpora  cavernosa,  the}'  are  not  entirely  naked, 
but  are  covered  with  a  delicate  membrane, 
which,  under  the  microscope,  appears  granular. 

HEL'ICIS  MAJOR.  A  muscle  of  the  ear, 
which  originates  from  the  anterior,  acute  part 
of  the  helix,  upon  which  it  ascends  and  is  in- 
serted into  the  helix.  It  pulls  the  part  into 
which  it  is  inserted  a  little  downwards  and 
forwards. 

Helicis  Minor.  This  muscle  originates 
from  the  under  and  fore  part  of  the  helix,  and 
is  inserted  into  the  helix,  near  the  fissure  in 
the  cartilage,  opposite  the  concha.  Its  use  is 
to  contract  the  fissure. 

HELJCOTRE'MA,  from  'sAi?,  'helix,  coch- 
lea,' and  rprji*.,  '  a  foramen.'  The  hole  by 
which  the  two  scalae  of  the  cochlea  communi- 
cate at  the  apex. 

HEL1KIA,  Age. 

HELIOSIS,  Insolation. 

HELIOTROPE.  Hehotropium  Europium. 

HELIOTROPION,  Cicboriurn  intybus. 

HELIOTRO'PIUM  EUROPIUM,  Verru- 
ca'ria.  The  He'liotrnpe.  (F.)  Tournesol,  Herbe 
aux  vermes.  This  phint  is  considered  to  pos- 
sess aperient  properties;  and  to  be  capable  of 
destroying  cutaneous  excrescences;  hence  one 
of  its  names. 

HELIX,  Capre'olus,  from  tt).av,  'to envelop,' 
'surround.'  The  fold  is  thus  called,  which 
forms  the  outer  circumference  or  ring  of  the 
external  ear. 

Helix,  Limax. 

Heltx  Poma'tia.  A  large  kind  of  snail, 
transported  from  the  south  of  Europe  to  Eng- 
land by  Sir  Kenelm  Digby  for  his  lady,  when 


HELLEBORASTER 


574 


HEM1DESMUS  INDICUS 


in  a  decline.     It  was  considered  highly  resto- 
rative. 

HELLEBORASTER,  Helleborus  fcelidus. 

HELLEBORE,  Dracontium  foetidura— h. 
American,  Veratrum  viride — h.  Black,  Helle- 
borus niger — h.  Blanc,  Veratrum  album — h. 
JVoir,  Helleborus  niger — h.  Stinking,  Helle- 
borus f'cetidus — h.  Swamp,  Veratrum  viride — h. 
White,  Veratrum  album. 

HELLEBORIS'MUS  or  ELLEBORIS'MUS. 
The  method  of  treating  disease,  amongst  the 
ancients,  by  hellebore.  This  comprised  not 
only  the  choice,  preparation,  and  administra- 
tion of  the  medicine,  but,  likewise,  the  know- 
ledge and  employment  of  preliminary  precau- 
tions and  remedies  proper  for  aiding  its  action, 
and  preventing  the  pernicious  effects  which  it 
might  occasion. 

HELLEBORUS,  H.  niger— h.  Albus,  Vera- 
trum album — h.  Trifolius,  Coplis. 

Heleb'orus  FosTinus,  Hellcboras'tcr,  Elle- 
boras/ er,  Stinking  Hel'lchorc  or  Bear's  foot.  (F.) 
Htllihore  ou  Ellebore  f'e/ide,  Pied  de  Griffon. 
The  leaves  of  this  plant  are  said  to  be  anthel- 
mintic. The  smell  of  the  fresh  plant  is  ex- 
tremely fetid,  and  the  taste  bitter  and  acrid. 
It  usually  acts  as  a  cathartic. 

Helleborus  Niger,,  Melampo'dium,  Ec'to- 
mon,  ihtouov,  Black  Hd'lcbore,  Christmas  Rose. 
(F.)  Hellebore  noir.  The  root  of  this  European 
plant — Helleborus,  (Ph.  U.  S.) — has  a  disagreea- 
ble odour,  and  bitter,  acrid  taste.  It  is  possessed 
of  cathartic  properties,  and  has  been  recom- 
mended as  an  emmenagogue.  It  has  been 
given  in  mania,  melancholia,  dropsy,  suppressed 
menses.  &c.     Dose,  gr.  x.  to  ^j,  as  a  cathartic. 

HELLECEBRA,  Sedum. 

HELMET  POD,  JefTersonia  Bartoni. 

HELMIN'THAGOGUES,  Helmihthago'ga, 
Helmin'th'cs,  from  'ilpi\$,  'a  worm,'  and  uyo>, 
'I  expel'  Remedies  used  against  intestinal 
worms ; — Anihelmin'thics,  Vermifuges. 

HELMINTHI,  Worms. 

HELMINTH1A,  Helminthiasis— h.  Alvi, 
Worms. 

Hki.min'tmia  Errat'ica.  Worms, introduced 
by  accident  and  without  finding  a  proper  habi- 
tation in  the  stomach  or  intestines;  producing 
spasmodic  colic,  with  severe  tormina,  and  oc- 
casionally vomiting  or  dejections  of  blood;  the 
]2th  genus  of  the  order  Eat  erica,  class  Caliaca, 
of  Good. 

Helminthia  Podicis,  Worms. 

HELMINTHIASIS,  from  'ilunc,  <  a  worm.* 
A  generic  name  for  the  condition  which  gives 
occasion  to  the  presence  of  intestinal  worms. 
It  is,  also,  called  Helmin'thia,  Vermina'tio,  Mor- 
bus vermino'sns,  Stains  vermino'sns,  Snhnr'ra 
vermino'sa,  Scolf-ci'asis,  Entozoogen'esis,  Parasi- 
tis'mus  intestina'lis,  Woim  disease,  Invermina- 
tion.     See  Worms. 

HELMINTHICS,  Holminlhafmgues. 

HELMINTHOCOLICA.  Colica   verminosa. 

HELMLNTHOCORTON,  Corallina  Corsi- 
cana. 

HELMINTHOL'OGT,Hc/.min//jo/o^"ia,  from 
'f/.iinc,  'a  worm,'  and  Xoyo;,'  'a  description.' 
A  treatise  on  worms. 

H  E  L M  I  N  T  HOP' Y R A ,  Helminthopyr'etos, 
from  't).uir$,  'a  worm,'  and  nvn,  'a  fever.' 
Fever  occasioned  by  worms.  See  Fever,  ver- 
minous. 


HELMINTHOPYIIETOS,  Helminthopyra. 

HELMINTH  US   GORD1I,  Seta  equina. 

HELODES,  Elodes. 

HELOPYRA,  Elodes  (febris.) 

HELOPYRETOS,  Elodes  (febris.) 

HELOS,  Clavus,  Marsh. 

HELO'SIS,  Helotis:  from  eiAw,  '  I  turn.'  In- 
version of  the  eyelids,  and  convulsions  of  the 
muscles  of  the  eye. 

HELOTIS,  Helosis,  Plica. 

HELXINE.  Parietaria. 

HEMACHROIN,  Hiematin. 

HEMAPERITOMRRHAG1E,  Hwmaperi- 
tonirrhag"iu;  from  'cup*,  'blood,'  peritonaeum, 
and  [itftviu,  'I  break  forth.1  Hemorrhage  into 
the  peritoneum. 

H&MJIPROCTIE,  Hiemorrhdia. 

H&MATIDROSE,  Sudor  cruemus. 

HEMATIN.  Hffimatin.- 

II  EM  A TO-EjYCEPHALIE,  A poplexy. 

I1EMATOLOG1E,  Hematology. 

HEMATOLOGY,  Hematology. 

HEMATOMYJtLJE,  H6morrhagie  de  la  Mo- 
elle  /■'.,/ i  a  i ere. 

HEMJiTONCIE,  Hsematoncus,  see  Hsma- 
todes  fungus — h.  Foniro'ide,  nematodes  fundus. 

HE'MATOP/SIE,  Hematops. 

HEMATOSIN,  Hsematin. 

HEM  ERA.  ;n/foa,'a day,' Dies. (<]. v.)  Hence: 

HEMERALOP1A,  see  Nyctalopia. 

Hemeralo'pia,  from  '>;i<eocx,  'the  day,'  and 
oTTofAai,  'I  see.'  Dijso'pia  tenebra'rum,  Caligo 
tencbra'rum,  Parop'sis  JYoclif'uga,  Visus  diur1- 
nas,  JYycta/o'pia,  (of  some,)  JVyctotyphlo'sis,  Jim- 
blyo'pia  crepuscula'ris,  Cae'citas  crepuscula'ris, 
A'cies  diur'  na,  Day-sight,  Day  vision,  Hen  blind- 
ness, JVight  blindness.  (F.)  Vuediurne,Jiveuglt- 
merit  de  JYuil.  A  disease  in  which  the  eyes 
enjoy  the  faculty  of  seeing,  whilst  the  sun  is 
above  the  horizon;  but  are  incapable  of  seeing 
by  the  aid  of  artificial  light.  Its  causes  are  not 
evident.  The  eye,  when  carefully  examined, 
presents  no  alteration,  either  in  its  membranes 
or  humors. 

HEM'ERALOPS,  Dorca..  One  labouring  un- 
der hemeralopia. 

HEMERATYPHLOSIS,  Nyctalopia. 

HEMEROPATHl'A;  from  lt]utga,  'a  day,' 
and  nuSog,  'an  affection.'  A  disease,  which 
continues  only  a  day;  or,  which  is  only  ob- 
served during  the  day. 

HEMI,  'ijm'i  '»;«"us, '  half,'  'semi.'     Hence: 

HEM  I  AMAUROSIS,  Hemiopia. 

HEMICEPH'ALUS,  from  «,;,„,  'half,'  and 
xtipu?.):,  '  head.'     One  who  has  half  a  head. 

HEMIORA'NIA,  Migra'na,  Gruau,  Hemipal- 
gin,  Hcmipdgia,  Htterocra'nia,  Monopa! gia,  Ce- 
phalai'a  Hemicra'nia,  Megrim,  from  't^ttru;, 
'  half,'  and  kQuviov,  '  cranium.'  (F.)  Migraine. 
Pain,  confined  to  one  half  the  head.  It  is  al- 
most always  of  an  intermittent  character;— at 
times,  continuing  only  as  long  as  the  sun  is 
above  the  horizon;  and  hence  sometimes  called 
Sun  pain, — and  is  cured  by  cinchona,  arsenic, 
and  the  remedies  adapted  for  intermitlents. 

Hf.miorania  Iihopathica,   Neuralgia,  facial. 

HEMIDES'MUS  INDICUS,  Periplo'ca  In'di- 
ca,  Ascle'pias  Pseudosurso,  Indian  Sarsapnrilla. 
A  Ilinduslhanee  plant,  the  root  of  which  has  a 
peculiar  aromatic  odour,  and  a  bitterish  taste. 
It  is  used  in  India  as  a  substitute  for  sarsapa- 
rilla. 


HEMIECTON 


375 


HEPATIC  DUCT 


HEMIECTON,  HEMIEC'TEON,  Scmiscx- 
tum.  A  vessel  capable  of  containing  36  cho- 
pines  or  pints,  and  in  which  fumigations  were 
made  in  diseases  of  the  uterus  and  vagina. — 
Hippocrates. 

HEMIMCERION,  from  'tyttffvff,  and^oioa.'a 
part.'  '  One  half.' — Foesius.  Also,  half  a 
drachm. —  Erotian. 

HEM'INA.  A  Greek  measure,  answering  to 
the  Cutylc,  xotvM;,  i.  e.  one  half  the  sextarius, 
or  about  half  a  pint,  English. 

HEMIOBO'LION,  or  HEMIOB'OLON. 
Half  the  obolus.  A  weight  of  about  five  grains. 
Gorraus. 

HEMIO'LION.  A  weight  of  12  drachms, 
or  oz.  li. — Galen.     See  Sescuncia. 

HEMIO'PIA,  Hemiop'sis,  Visus  dimidia'lus, 
Marmor'ygl  Hippoc'ratis,  Hemiamauro'sis,  from 
'qfAiovq,  'one  half,'  and  onxofiai,  'I  see.'  De- 
praved vision,  in  which  the  person  sees  only 
one  half  of  an  object. 

HEMIOPSIS,  Hemiopia. 

11  EM  1 P A'GES,  Dicor'yphus  dihypogas'trius, 
Octopus  synapheocepkalus,  from  '>,,«/,  '  half,'  and 
miyruy.,,  'I  fasten.'  A  monstrosity,  in  which 
twins  are  united  from  the  navel  to  the  vertex. 
«-I.  G.  Saint  Hilaire. 

II  EMIPA  GIA,  Hemicrania. 

HLMIPEGIA,  Hemicrania. 

HEMIPLE'GIA,  Hemiplegia,  Paral'ysis  He- 
miplegia, Epiple'gia,  from  't^nnvg,  'one  half,' 
and  uUaau,  or  tiXittw,  'I  strike.'  Paralysis  of 
one  side  of  the  body.  See  Paralysis.  One,  so 
palsied,  is  said  to  be  hemipleg"  ic ,  seini-sidera'lus. 

UE.VIIPLEXIA,  Hemiplegia. 

U  E  M'  1  S  P  H  E  11  E ,  Hcniisphe'rium ,•  from 
'tjfiia-vg, '  one  half,'  and  ocpuiQX, '  a  sphere.'  One 
half  of  a  sphere  or  of  a  body  having  a  spheroi- 
dal shape.  The  hemisphei  es  of  the  brain  are  the 
upper  spheroidal  portions  of  the  brain,  sepa- 
rated from  each  other  by  the  falx  cerebri. 

HJlMITE,  Hamiitis. 

HEMITRITiE'A,  Semilerlia'na,  Fievre  demi- 
ticrce,  Febris  sesquiul'lera.  (F. )  Semi- tierce.  A 
semi  tertian  fever,  so  called, because  it  seems 
to  possess  both  the  characters  of  the  tertian  and 
quotidian  intermittent. — Galen,  Spigelius. 

H^EMIUN'GION,  Semun'cia.    Half  an  ounce. 

HEMLOCK,  Conium  maculatum — h.  Ame- 
rican, Cicuta  maculata — h.  Bastard,  Chajrophyl- 
lutn  sylvestre — h.  Common,  Conium  maculatum 
— h.  Dropwort,  OUnanthe — h.  Gum,  see  Pinus 
Canadensis — h.  Pitch,  see  Pinus  Canadensis — 
h.  Spruce,  Pinus  Canadensis — h.  Water,  Ame- 
rican, Cicuta  maculata — h.  Water,  fine-leaved, 
Phellandrium  nqualicum — h.  Water,  Cicuta 
aquatica — h.  Wild,  Cicuta  maculata.  , 

H Ji MO- EXC E PHA LORRHAG1E,  Apo- 
plexy. 

HdMOMPATORRHAGIE,  Hepatorrhagia. 

HtiMOMYELORRHAG  IE,  Apoplexy,  spinal. 

IJJLMOPTYSIE,  Hemoptysis— A.  Foudroy- 
ante,  see  Hemoptysis. 

HEMORRHAGE,  Haemorrhagia— h.  From 
the  bladder,  Cystirrhagia — h.  Interstitial,  Apo- 
plexy— h.  From  the  pituitary  membrane,  Epis- 
taxis — h.  Spinal,  Apoplexy,  spinal— h.  Uterine, 
Metrorrhagia. 

HEMORRHAGIC  PLEURISY,  Haemato- 
thora.v. 

WiMORRIIAGIE  BUCCALE,  Stomatorrha- 
gia—A.  Ciribrale,  Apoplexy— A.  du  Fair,  Hepa- 
torrhagia—A.  JnslcrslitieUe,  Apoplexy — A.  Inter- 


stitiellc  du  Ponmon,  Hemoptysis— A. des  Intestinr, 
Hfematochezia — A.  de  la  Matrice,  Metrorrhagia 
— h.  Meningee,  Apoplexy,  meningeal— A.  de  la 
Mo'elle"  epiniere,  Apoplexia  myelitis— A.  Nasale, 
Epistaxis — A.  de  In  Vevsie,  Cystirrhagia. 

HEMORRHAGIP'AROUS,i/e///o/7-Aa«-j/,are; 
from  lisciuorrhugia,  '  hemorrhage,'  and  parire, 
'  to  brinjr  forth.'  That  which  gives  occasion  to 
hemorrhage:  thus,  softening  of  the  neurine  may 
be  kemorrhagiparovs. 

HEMORRH/jVIE,  Epistaxis. 

HEMORRHOID  ES,  Hsemorrhois— A.  Aveu- 
gles,  Csecae  hemorrhoides. 

HliMORRHOSCOPlE,  Hsematoscopia. 

HEMOSP.1SIE,  HaBmospasia. 

HEMORRHOID  AIRE,  (F.)  One  who  is  sub- 
ject to  hemorrhoids. 

HEMOSPASIQUE,  Hoemospastic. 

HEMP,  INDIAN,  Apocynum  cannabinum, 
Bangue. 

HEMPSEED,  see  Cannabis  saliva. 

HEN-BLINDNESS,  Hemeralopia. 

HENBANE,  Hyoscyamus. 

HENJVE,  Lawsonia  inermis. 

HENRICEA  PHARMACEARCHA,  Genit- 
alia chirajita. 

HENRICUS  RUBENS,  Colcothar. 

HEPAR,  'tjttxq,  'genitive,'  'vnaruK,  'liver,' 
(q.  v.)  The  ancient  name  for  the  liver  of  sul- 
phur, Hepar  svl'phuris ;  which  is  sometimes  a 
compound  of  sulphur  and  potassium;  at  others, 
of  sulphur  and  potassa.  See  Potassse  sulphu- 
retum. 

Hepar  Antimonia'tum  is  a  compound  of  a 
sulphuret  of  antimony  and  an  alkali.  See  Oxy- 
dum  stibii  sulphuretum. 

Hepar  Martia'le.  A  compound  of  sulphu- 
ret of  potass  and  an  oxide  of  iron. 

Hepar  Sanguinis,  see  Blood — h.  Sulphuris 
salinum,  Potassa;  sulphuretum — h.  Sulphuris 
volatile,  Ammonia;  sulphuretum — h.  Uterinum, 
Placenta. 

HEPATAL'GIA,  Hepatodyn'ia,  from  lnnao, 
'liver,'  and  alyos,  'pain.'  Pain  in  the  liver. 
Neuralgia  of  the  liver,  (F.)  JVeoralgie  du  Foie. 

Hkpatalgia  Calculosa,  Colica  hepatica — h. 
Petitiana,  Turgescentia  vesicular  felleee — b. 
Phlegmonoides,  Hepatitis. 

HEPATAPOSTE'M A,  from  'tjTtao,  'the  liver,' 
and  «;n!TTi;li(a,'an  abscess.'    Abscess  of  the  liver. 

HEPATARIUS,  Hepaticus. 

HEPATEMPHRAX'IS,  from  'vnan,  'liver,' 
and  Epiipoaoou),  '  I  obstruct.'  Hepatic  obstruc- 
tion.— Ploucquet. 

HEPATE'ROS,  Hepat'icus,  Jecora'rivs.  A 
variety  of  diarrhoea,  Fluxus  hepaticus.— Gottsus. 

HEPAT'IC,  Hepat'icus,  Hepata'rius,  Jecoru'- 
rius,  from  'rri*o,  'the  liver.'  Belonging  or  re- 
lating to  the  liver. 

Hepatic  Ar'tery,  Artc'ria  Hepai'ica,  one  of 
the  three  branches  given  off  by  the  coeliac.  It 
passes  towards  the  inferior  surface  of  the  liver; 
where  it  divides  into  two  branches,  a  right  and 
lift,  which  proceed  towards  the  corresponding 
parts  of  that  organ.  The  right  branch  gives 
off  the  cystic  artery.  Before  dividing,  the  he- 
patic artery  sends  offtwo  considerable  branches, 
the  J),  pylorica  and  Gastro  epip/oica  deztra. 

Hepatic  Duct,  (F.)  Canal hepatiquc,  Ductus 
hepat'icus,  is  about  three  fingers'  breadth  in 
length,  and  of  the  size  of  a  quill.  It  is  formed 
by  the  union  of  the  biliary  ducts,  and  joins  the 
cystic  duct  at  a  very  acute  angle,  to  form  the 


HEPATIC  PLEXUS 


376        H&PATOPATHIE  CAJVCKREUSE 


ductus  choledochus.     Its  function  is  to  convey 
the  bile  from  the  liver  towards  the  duodenum. 

Hepatic  Plexus,  Plexus  hepaticus,  consists 
of  nervous  filaments,  sent  by  the  coeliac  plexus 
to  the  liver,  which  accompany  the  hepatic  ar- 
tery. 

Hepatic  Veins  or  Supra-hepatic  reins,  Yenx 
cavas  hepat'icx,  (F.)  Veines  sus-hepatiques,  Intra- 
lobular veins,  do  not  follow  the  course  of  the 
arteries  of  the  same  name  They  arise  in  the 
substcftice  of  the  liver;  converge  towards  the 
posterior  margin  of  that  viscus,  and  open  into 
the  vena  cava  inferior.  They  convey  away  the 
blood  carried  to  the  liver  by  the  hepatic  artery 
and  vena  porta. 

HEPAT'ICA.  A  name  formerly  given  to 
medicines  which  were  believed  capable  of  re- 
moving diseases  of  the  liver. 

Hepatica,  Anemone  hepatica,  see  H.  triloba 
— h.  Americana,  H.  triloba — h.  Fontana,  Mar- 
chantia  polymorpha— h.  Nobilis,  Anemone  he- 
patica— h.  Stellala,  Asperula  odorata. 

Hepatica  Thil'oba,  H.  America! na ,  Trifo'- 
lium  aureum,  Liverwort,  Liverwecd,  Trefoil, 
Noble  Liverwort.  (F.)  Hcpalique  des  jardins. 
This  plant — Hepatica  (Ph.  U.  S.) — is  a  gentle 
astringent,  but  not  possessed  of  much  virtue. 

HEPATICULA,  Hepatitis,  chronic. 

HEPATICUS,  Hepateros— h.  Flos,  Anemone 
hepatica. 

HEPATIFKJATIO,  Hepatization. 

H&PATIQUE  UTOiLJiE,  Asperula  odorata 
— A.  des  Fontaines,  Marchantia  polymorpha  —  h. 
des  Jardins,  Hepatica  triloba. 

HEPATIRRHCE'A,  Fluxus  hepat'icvs,  Dys- 
enter'ia  hepat'ica,  Diarrhce'a  hepat'ica,  Hepator- 
rhw'a,  Hepatorrha'gia,Hsemute'ra,Aimate'ra,{F.) 
Flux  hepatique,-  from  'ijnao,  'the  liver,'  and  qsu, 
'I  flow.'  A  species  of  diarrhcea  in  which  the 
excreted  matters  seem  to  come  from  the  liver, 
or  are  much  mixed  with  bile,  &c. 

HEPATIS  EMUNCTORIA,  Inguen— h. 
Suspensorium,  Ligament,  suspensory,  of  the 
liver. 

HtiPATISATIOJY  GRISE,  see  Hepatization 
— h.  House,  see  Hepatization. 

HEFATI'TIS,  Empres'nia  hepali'tis,  In  flam- 
ma' tio  he'patis,  I.  Jecino'ris,  Fcbris  hepat'ica  in- 
flammato'ria,  Hepalal'gia  phlegmoninfdes,  In- 
flammation of  the  liver.  (F.)  Hepatite,  Inflam- 
mation du  foie,  Piece  {Provincial.)  It  may  be 
seated  either  in  the  peritoneal  covering,  Sero- 
hepati'tis,  or  in  the  substance  of  the  liver,  or  in 
both,  Puroheputi'tis,  and  may  be  acute  or 
chronic.  The  peculiar  symptoms  are ;—  pain  in 
the  right  hypochondrium.  shooting  to  the  back 
and  right  shoulder,  and  increased  on  pressure; 
difficulty  of  lying  on  the  left  side;  sometimes 
jaundice  and  cough,  and  synocha.  Its  termi- 
nation is  generally  by  resolution  :  in  tropical 
climates  it  often  runs  on  to  suppuration;  the 
abscess  breaking  either  externally,  or  forming 
a  communication  with  the  intestines  or  chest, 
or  breaking  into  the  cavity  of  the  abdomen. 
The  causes  are  those  of  inflammation  in  gene- 
ral. Heat  predisposes  to  it;  hence  its  greater 
frequency  in  hot  climates.  On  dissection  of 
those  who  have  died  of  it,  the  liver  has  been 
found  hard  and  enlarged;  colour  of  a  deep  pur- 
ple; or  the  membranes  have  been  more  or  less 
vascular;  or  adhesions,  or  tubercles,  or  hydatids, 
or  abscesses,  or  biliary  calculi  have  been  met 
with.    The  treatment  must  be  bold.    Bleeding, 


general  and  local,  fomentations,  blisters,  purga- 
tives, and  the  antiphlogistic  regimen.  In  hot 
climates  especially,  a  new  action  must  be  ex- 
cited by  mercury  as  early  as  possible. 

Hepatitis,  Chronic,  Hepali'tis  chron'ica,  In- 
flumma' tio  he'patis  lenta,  Hepatitis  occulta,  He- 
patic'ul  a,  Chrono-hepatite,  or  Chronic  liver  dis- 
ease, is  not  as  common  as  is  believed.  It  may 
be  suspected  from  the  existence  of  the  symp- 
toms above  mentioned,  but  in  a  minor  decree; 
with  enlargement  and  constant  dull  pain  in  the 
region  of  the  liver;  sallow  countenance;  high- 
coloured  urine;  clay  coloured  faeces,  &c.  The 
great  object  of  treatment  is,  to  excite  a  new 
action  by  mercury  and  counter-irritants,  and  to 
keep  the  liver  free  by  cathartics. 

Hepatitis  Occulta,  H.  chronic. 

HEPATIZATION,  Hepatisa'tio,  Hepatifica'- 
tio,  from  'rprao,  'the  liver.'  Conversion  into  a 
liver-like  substance.  Applied  to  the  lungs 
when  gorged  with  plastic  matters,  so  that  they 
are  no  longer  pervious  to  the  air.  In  such  state 
they  are  said  to  be  hepatized. 

.Hepatization,  Red,  (F.)  lUpatisation  rouge, 
Endurcissemcnt  rouge,  Ramollissement  rouirt, 
characterizes  the  first  stage  of  consolidation  of 
the  lungs  from  pneumonia. 

Hepatization,  Gray,  (F.)  Hepatization  grise, 
luduration grise,  Ramollissement  gris,  Infiltration 
7?wr«/e/U,characterizes  the  third  stage,  or  stage  of 
purulent  infiltration. 

HEPATOCE'LE,  from  V«e, '  the  liver,'  and 
KijXi],  '  a  tumour.'  Hernia  of  the  Liver.  The 
liver  has  never  been  found  entirely  out  of  the 
abdominal  cavity.  Increase  of  its  bulk,  or  inju- 
ries of  the  parietes  of  the  abdomen,  have  been 
the  sole  cause  of  the  protrusions  which  have 
been  occasionally  met  with,  especially  in  in- 
fants, in  whom  the  upper  part  of  the  linea  alba 
is  very  weak,  and  indeed  scarcely  seems  to  ex- 
ist. Sauvages  has  distinguished  two  species  of 
hepatocele: — the  ventral  (in  the  linea  alba,)  and 
the  umbilical  or  hepalomphalum. 

HEPATOCO'LICUM.  A  ligament  of  the 
liver,  described  by  Haller,  as  passing  from  the 
gall-bladder  and  contiguous  sinus  portarum, 
across  the  duodenum  to  the  colon.  Another, 
termed  Hepato-revul,  descends  from  the  root  of 
the  liver  to  the  kidney.  They  are  both  peri- 
toneal. 

HEPATODYNIA,  Hepatalgia. 

HEPATOGASTRIC,  Gastrohepatic. 

HEPATOGRAPHY,  Hepatogra'phia  ,■  from 
'inaQ,  'the  liver,'  and  yquipv,  'a  description.' 
The  part  of  anatomy  which  describes  the  liver. 

HEPATOHJE'MIA,  Hyperemia  he'patis, 
Hepatic  Engorgement,  (F.)  Hyperemie  du  Foie, 
from  't}7i*n, '  the  liver,'  and  'aifta, '  blood.'  San- 
guineous congestion  of  the  liver. 

H  EPATOL'OGY,  Hepatol  og'ia;  from  V*fr 
'the  liver,'  and  Xoyoc,  '  a  discourse,'  'treatise.' 
A  treatise  on  the  liver. 

HEPATOiVIALA'CIA,  Malaco'sis  he'patis, 
(F.)  Ramollissement  du  Foie.  Softening  of  the 
liver. 

HEPATON'CUS,  from  'yjtaQ,  'the  liver,' 
and  oyy.og,  'a  tumour.'  Tumefaction  of  th* 
liver. 

HEPATOPARECTAMA,  from  V«o,  <  tht 
liver,'  and  TraQiy.xxuu, '  considerable  extension.' 
Excessive  augmentation  of  the  liver. 

H&PATOPATHIE  CANC&RETJSE,  Hcpa- 
tosarcomic — It.  Tuberculeuse,  Hepatostrumosic 


HEPATORRHAGIA 


377 


HERMETICA  DOCTRLXA 


HEPATORRHAGIA,  Hepatirrhcea,  (q.  v.) 
Also  Hemorrhage  from  the  liver,  Hasmorrhag"ia 
he'patis,  Jlpoplexfia  hepat'ica,  (F.)  Hemorrhagic 
du  I'nir,  Himohipatorrhagie, 

U  KPATORRHCEA,  Hepatirrhcea. 
HEPATOSARCOM1E,  from  'nnao,  'the 
liver,'  and  Sarcoma  (q.  v.),  Hepatopathie  can- 
c6reuse,  Encephalo'sis  of  the  liver,  Carcinoma  of 
the  liver,  (F.)  Cancer  du  Foie.  Cancer  of  the  liver. 
HEPJTOSTRUMOSIE,  Tuber' cula  he'patis, 
(F.)  Tubercules  du  Foie,  Hepatopathie  tubercu- 
leuse  ,■  from  'tjiraQ,  'the  liver,'  and  struma,  'a 
tumour,'  'a  scrophulous  tumour.'  Tubercles 
of  the  liver. 

HEPATOT'OMY,  from  'nnttq,   '  the  liver,' 
and  TfjMvw,  '  1  cut.'     Dissection  of  the  liver. 
J1EPIALOS,  Epialos. 
HEPS,  see  R.osa  canina. 
HEPTAL'LON   GRAVEOLENS,  Hogwort, 
Bear's  fright.     An  indigenous  plant,  which  has 
a  fetid  porcine  smell;  and  is  said  to  be  used  by 
the  Indians  as  a  diaphoretic,  cathartic,  &c. 

IHU'TAPHAR'MACUM.from'sa-T*,  'seven,' 
and  yaQfuntqv,  'a  remedy.'  A  medicine  com- 
posed of  seven  substances;  cerusse,  litharge, 
pitch,  wax,  colophony,  frankincense,  and  bul- 
lock's fat.  It  was  regarded  as  laxative,  suppu- 
rative, and  healing. 

HERACLEUM,  see  H.  lanatum— h.  Gummi- 
ferum,  see  Ammoniac  gum. 

Heracle'um  Spondvl'ium,  Branca  ursi'na 
German' ica,  Spondijl'ium,  Cow  Parsnep,  All- 
heal, (F.)  Berce,  Branc-ursine  baturdc,  Fausse 
Jlcanthe.  Family,  Umbelliferre.  Sex.  Syst.  Pen- 
tandria  Digynia.  The  root  of  this  plant  has  a 
strong,  rank  smell;  and  a  pungent  almost  caus- 
tic taste.  It  has  been  given  as  a  tonic,  stoma- 
chic and  carminative;  both  in  powder  and  in 
decoction.  The  Russians,  Lithuanians,  and 
Poles  obtain  from  its  seeds  and  leaves,  by  fer- 
mentation, a  very  intoxicating  spirituous  liquor, 
which  they  call  Purst. 

The  root  of  Heracle'um  Lana'tum  or  Master- 
wort,  Coio  parsnep, — Hcracleum.  (Ph.  U.  S.) — is 
in  the  secondary  list  of  the  Pharmacopoeia  of 
the  United  States. 

HERB,  Herba — ft.  Christopher,  Aetata  spi- 
cata — h.  of  Grace,  Gratiola  officinalis — ft.  Mas- 
tich,  common,  Thymus  mastichina — h.  Mastich, 
Syrian,  Teucrium  marurn — h.  Robert,  Gerani- 
um Robertianum — h.  of  Saint  Cunegonde,  Eu- 
patorium  cannabinum — h.  Sophia,  Sisymbrium 
sophia — h.  Trinity,  Anemone  hepatica. 

Herba  Alexandrina,  Smyrnium  olusatrum 
— h.  Benedicta,  Geum  urbanum — h.  Britannica, 
Rumex  hydrolapathum—  h.  Canni,  Artemisia 
santonica — h.  Cardiaca,  Leonurus  cardiaca — h. 
Cardui  veneris,  Dipsacus  fullonum — h.  Dorea, 
Solidago  virgaurea — h.  Felis,  Nepeta — h.  Ge- 
nipi,  Achillea  atrata — h.  Ignis,  Lichen  pyxida- 
tus— h.  Melancholifuga,  Fumaria — b.  Militaris, 
Achillea  millefolium—  h.  Papillaris,  Lapsana— 
h.  Pats  lapince,  Leonurus  cardiaca — h.  Pulica- 
ris,  Plantago  psyllium — h.  Quercini,  Lichen 
plicatua— h.  Sacra,  Verbena  officinalis — h.  Sa- 
livaris,  Anthemis  pyrethrum — h.  Sideritidis, 
Galeopsis  grandiflora— h.  Tabaci,  Nicotiana 
tabacum — h.  Trinitatis,  Anemone  hepatica — h. 
Trinitatis,  Viola  tricolor — h.  Veneris,  Adiantum 
pedatum — h.  Ventis,  Anemone  pulsatilla  —  h. 
Zazarhendi,  Origanum. 
HERB.E   PRO   ENEMATE,  Glyster  herbs 

h    pro  f'otu,  Fomentation  herbs. 

25 


HERBALIST,  Herborist. 

HERBARIUS.  Herborist. 

HERBE  AUX  CH/LTPRES,  Erysimum— 
h.  aux  Charptntiers,  Justitia  pectoralis— h.  aux 
Chats,  Nepeta,  Teucrium  marum — /;..  au  Coq, 
Tanacetum  balsamita — A.  aux  CuiUers,  Coch- 
learia  officinalis — h.  aux  £crouelles,  Scrophu- 
laria  nodosa — h.  aux  £cus,  Lysimachia  nurnmu- 
laria—  /*.  a  Elernuer,  Achillea  ptarmica — k.  aux 
Gveux,  Clematis  vitalba — h.  a  la  Houette,  As- 
clepias  Syriaca — h.  aux  Mamelles,  Lapsana — k. 
avx  Mouches,  Conyza  squarrosa — h.  au  Pauvre 
homme,  Gratiola  officinalis — h.aux  Perles,  Lilho 
spermum  officinale — h.  a, pisser,  Pyrola  umbel- 
lata — h.  a  la  Poudrc  cle  Ch.ypre,  Hibiscus  abel- 
moschus — h.aux  Pome, Delphinium  staphisagria 
— h.  aux  Puces  commune,  Plantago  psyllium — 
h.  a  Robert,  Geranium  Robertianum — h.  dc. 
Sainle  Bar  be,  Erysimum  baibarea — h.  cle  Saint 
Etienne,  Circma  lutetiana — h.  dc  Saint  Jean, 
Artemisia  vulgaris — //.  dc  Saint  Roch,  Inula 
dysenterica — It.  aux  Sorciers,  Circssa  lutetiana 
— h.aux  Vermes,  Heliotropium  Europasum. 

HERBIVOROUS,  Herbiv'orus,  from  herba, 
'grass,'  and  voro,  'I  eat.'  An  epithet  applied 
to  animals  which  feed  on  herbs. 

HER'BORIST,  Hciba'rius.  One  who  deals 
in  useful  plants.     An  Her'balist  or  HerbarisL 

IIERBORIZATION,  Herba'rum  inqmsi'tio. 
An  excursion,  made  with  the  view  of  collecting 
plants.  Such  excursions  are  directed  by  the 
Apothecaries'  Company  of  London,  for  the  use 
of  their  apprentices,  &c. 

HKRBS,FIVE  CAPILLARY,  Quinque  herba 
capilla'res,  were  hart's  tongue,  black,  white, 
and  golden  maiden- hair,  and  spleen  wort. 

Herbs,  Five  Emollient,  Quinque  hciba. 
cmo/lien'tes,  were,  anciently; — beet,  mallow, 
marsh-mallow,  French  mercury,  and  violet. 

HERCULES  ALLHEAL,  Pastinacaopoponay. 

HEREDITARY,  Heredita'rius,  Gentil'ius, 
Syn/phytos,  Syn'gencs,  from  litres,  '  an  heir.' 
An  epithet  given  to  diseases,  communicated 
from  progenitors.  Such  diseases  may  exist  at 
birth;  or  they  may  supervene  at  a  more  or  less 
advanced  period  of  existence. 

HERMAPH  RODE'lTY,  Hermaphmdisfmus, 
Fab'rica  androg"yna,  Hermaph'rodism  ,•  from 
'Ee/ur;/;,  'Mercury,'  and  A<r§o<?(T?;,  'Venus.' 
Appertaining  to  Mercury  and  Venus.  Union 
of  the  two  sexes  in  the  same  individual. 

HERMAPH'RODITE.  Same  etymon.  Her- 
mapkrodi tits,  Gyni'da,  Androg"ymts.  One  who 
possesses  the  attributes  of  male  and  female: 
who  unites  in  himself  the  two  sexes.  A  term, 
applied  to  an  animal  or  plant  which  is,  at  the 
same  time,  both  male  and  female.  True  her- 
maphrodites are  only  met  with  in  the  lower 
degrees  of  the  animal  scale,  amongst  the  zoo- 
phytes, mollusca,  or  gasteropodes.  The  indi- 
viduals of  the  human  species,  regarded  as  her- 
maphrodites, owe  this  appearance  to  a  vicious 
conformation  of  the  genital  organs;  a  kind  of 
monstrosity,  which  renders  them  unfit  for  ge- 
neration, although  an  attentive  examination 
may  exhibit  the  true  sex.  Hermaphrodites 
have,  likewise,  been  described,  who,  instead  of 
uniting  the  attributes  of  both  sexes,  cannot  be 
considered  male  or  female.  These  have  been 
called  neutral  hermaphrodite s . 

HERMET'ICA  DOCTRI'NA,  (F.)  Herme- 
tiquc.  The  doctrine  of  Hermes,  a  celebrated 
Egyptian  philosopher,  who  is  considered  the 


HERMODACTYLUS 


378 


HERNIA  INGUINALIS 


father  of  alchemy.  That  part  of  chymistry, 
whose  object  was  the  pretended  transmutation 
of  the  metals. 

HERMODACTYLUS,  Dactyle'lus,  An'ima 
articulo'rum,  from  'Eou>;c,  'Mercury,'  and  6a/.- 
' rvZoc,  'a  finger;'  or  rather  from  Hermits,  a  river 
in  Asia,  upon  whose  banks  it  grows,  and  5a/.- 
rv?.o$,  'a  date;'  or  from  'Eo»o;;,  'Mercury,'  and 
da/.rv?.og,  'a  dale.'  (F.)  Hermodactyle,  Her- 
modacte  ou  Hermodate.  The  root  of  the  Her- 
modactyl  was  formerly  used  as  a  cathartic.  By 
some  it  is  supposed  to  be  identical  with  the  Iris 
luberosa.  The  best  testimony  seems  to  be  in 
favour  of  its  being  a  variety  of  the  colchicum, — 
the  Colthicitm  lllyricum. 

HERMOD.1TE,  Hermodactylus. 

HERNIA,  Ramex,  Ruptu'ra,  Crepatu'ra,  Ec- 
topia hernio'sa,  Cell,  Rupture.  (F.)  Hurgne, 
Descente,  Effort,  Gieveure,  Rompeure.  Any  tu- 
mour, formed  by  the  displacement  of  a  viscus 
or  a  portion  of  a  viscus,  which  has  escaped 
from  its  natural  cavity  by  some  aperture  and 
projects  externally.  Herniae  have  been  divided 
into, — 1.  Hernia  of  the  Brain;  Encephalocele; 
2.  Hernia  of  the  Thorax;  Pneumocele;  3.  Her- 
nia of  the  Abdomen. 

Mdorn'inul  Herniae,  are  remarkable  for  their 
frequency,  variety,  and  the  danger  attending 
them.  They  are  produced  by  the  protrusion  of 
the  viscera,  contained  in  the  abdomen,  through 
the  natural  or  accidental  apertures  in  the  parietes 
of  that  cavity.  The  organs,  which  form  them 
most  frequently,  are  the  intestines  and  the  epi- 
ploon. These  hernial  have  been  divided,  accord- 
ing to  the  aperture  by  which  they  escape,  into: 

1.  Inguinal  Hernia  or  Supra-Pul/ian.  These 
issue  by  the  inguinal  canal;  they  are  called 
Bubonoce'le,  when  small;  and  Scrotal  Hernia  or 
Oscheocele  in  man,  when  they  descend  into  the 
scrotum; — Vulvar  Hernia  or  Puden'dal  or  La- 
bial Hernia,  Episioce'le  in  women,  when  they 
extend  to  the  labia  majora.  2  Crural  or  Fe- 
moral Herniae,  Me'roce'le,  when  they  issue  by 
the  crural  canal.  3.  Infra-Puliian  Hernia,  (F.) 
Hernies  sous-pubienncs,  where  the  viscera  escape 
through  the  opening,  which  gives  passage  to 
the  inlra-pubian  vessels.  4.  Ischial' ic  Herniae; 
when  they  take  place  through  the  sacro-sciatic 
notch.  5.  Umbil'icul  Hernia,  Exom'phalos,  Om- 
pkaloce'le;  which  occurs  at  tiie  umbilicus  or 
near  it.  6.  Epigastric  Hernia; — occurring 
throucrh  the  linea  alba,  above  the  umbilicus 
7.  Hypogastric  or  Infra-umbilical  Hernia,  Calio- 
ce'lS,  Hi/poxastroce'tf, —  which  occurs  through 
the  linea  alba,  below  the  umbilicus.  8.  Peri- 
necnl  Hernia;  Mesosceloctle, — which  takes  place 
through  the  levator  ani,  and  appears  at  the  pe- 
rineum. !).  Yag"inal  Hernia; — through  the 
parietes  of  the  vagina.  10.  Diaphragmatic  Her- 
nia: which  passes  through  the  diaphragm. 

HerniiE  are  likewise  distinguished,— accord 
hag  to  the  viscera  forming  them, — into  Entcro- 
ce'le",  Epiploce'le,  Ea'lero-epip/oce'ls,  Gadroce'li, 
Cystoce'le,  Hepatoce'le,  Splenoce'll,  &c.     ■ 

When  a  hernia  can  be  restored  to  its  naturai 
cavity,  by  the  aid  of  pressure,  &c,  properly  ap- 
plied, it  is  said  to  be  reducible.  It  is,  on  the 
contrary,  irreducible,  when  adhesion,  bulk,  &c. 
oppose  its  return.  When  the  aperture,  which 
has  fiven  passage  to  the  hernia,  occasions  more 
or  less  constriction  on  the  protruded  portion, 
the  hernia  is  said  to  be  incarcerated,  or  slrangu- 
iited:  and,  if  the  constriction  be  not  removed, 


constipation,  hiccough,  vomiting,  and  all  the 
signs  of  violent  inflammation,  followed  by  gan- 
grene, supervene,  with  alteration  of  the  fea- 
tures, small  pulse,  cold  extremities,  and  death. 

The  therapeutical  indications  are, —  1.  As  re- 
gards reducible  hernia; — to  replace  the  viscera 
in  the  abdomen  by  the  taxis;  and  to  retain  them 
there  by  the  use  of  a  truss,  which,  if  properly 
adapted,  may  effect  a  radical  cure.  2  As  re- 
gards irreducible  hernia; — to  support  Ihe  tumour 
by  an  appropriate  suspensory  bandage.  3.  As 
regards  strangulated  hernia; — to  have  recourse 
to  the  taxis;  blood-letting;  warm  bath;  tobacco 
glysters;  ice  to  the  tumour;  and,  if  these  should 
not  succeed,  to  perform  an  operation,  which 
consists  in  dividing  the  coverings  of  the  hernia, 
and  cutting  the  aponeurotic  rinjr,  which  causes 
the  strangulation; — reducing  the  displaced  vis- 
cera, unless  their  diseased  condition  should  re- 
quire them  to  be  retained  without; — dressing 
the  wound  appropriately;  restoring  the  course 
of  the  faeces  by  means  of  gentle  glysters;— pre- 
venting or  combating  inflammation  of  the  ab- 
dominal viscera; — conducting  the  wound  to 
cicatrization,  by  appropriate  means;  and  after- 
wards supporting  the  cicatrix  by  a  bandage. 

Hernia,  Aneurismal,  Cirsomphalus— h.  Arte- 
riarum,  see  Aneurism — h.  of  the  Bladder,  Cys- 
tocele — h.  Bronchialis,  Bronchocele — h.  Carno- 
sa,  Sarcocele — h.  of  the  Cerebellum,  Paren- 
cephalocele — h.  Cerebri,  Encephalocele. 

Hernia,  Conoen'ital,  Hernia  congen'ita,  is  a 
protrusion  of  some  of  the  contents  of  the  abdo- 
men into  the  Tunica  vaginalis  testis,  owing  to  a 
want  of  adhesion  between  its  sides,  after  the 
descent  of  the  testicle. 

Hern > a  Corner,  Ceratocele — h.  Crural,  Me- 
rocele  —  h.  Epiploic,  Epiplocele  —  h.  Femoral, 
Merocele — h.  Gutturis,  Bronchocele. 

Hernia  Humora'lis,  Empres'ma  Orchi'tis, 
Didymi'tis,  Orchi'tis,  Orchei'tis,  Orchidi'tis,  In- 
flamma'tio  tcStium,  Injlamma'tion  of  the  Testicle, 
Swelled  Testicle,  Hernia  ven'eris,  Orchioce'le,  Or- 
chidoccle,  Orc'iidon'cvs,  (F.)  Inflammation  du 
testicule,  Orchite,  Chaudepisse  tomhee  dans  Its 
Bourses.  Swelling  and  inflammation  of  the 
testicle  is  a  common  symptom  of  gonorrhoea; 
but  it  may  arise  from  external  injuries,  or  from 
other  causes.  It  is  a  disease,  which  cannot  be 
mistaken,  and  the  treatment  must  obviously  be 
strongly  antiphlogistic,  supporting  the  testicle 
during  the  treatment,  and  for  some  time  after- 
wards: methodical  compression  has  also  been 
found  useful.  The  disease  is  not  generally  of 
a  serious  character,  going  off  as  suddenly  as  it 
comes  on.  As  it  affects  the  epididymis  more 
especially,  when  supervening  on  gonorrhoea  or 
blennorrhea,  it  is  sometimes  termed  bknnor- 
rhanric  epididymitis. 

Hernia  Ingiunams,  Bubonocele — h  Intesti- 
nalis,  Enterocele — h.  Ischiatica,  Ischiocele— h. 
of  the  Liver,  Uepatocele — h.  Omental,  Epiplo- 
cele—  h.  Parorchido-entericn,  Parorchido-enlero- 
cele — h.  Pharynjis,  Pharyngocele — h.  Phrenic, 
Diaphragmatic  hernia — h.  of  the  Pleura,  Pleu- 
rocele — h.  Pudendal,  Pudendal  hernia — h.Sacci 
lacrymalis,  Lachrymal  hernia — h.  Scrotalis, 
Scrotocele — h.  Seminalis  6croli,  Spermatocele 
—  h.  of  the  Stomach,  Gastrocele— h.  Supra- 
pubian,  H.  inguinal — h.  of  the  Tongue,  Glos- 
socele — h.  Umbilicalis,  Epiplomphalon,  Exom- 
phalos — h.  Varicose,  Cirsocele  —  h.  Varicosa, 
Varicocele — h.   Venarum,    Varix— h.  Veneris, 


HERNIA  L1TRICA 


373 


HETEROS 


Hernia  humoralis  —  h.  Ventossa,  Physocele — 
h.  Ventriculi,  Gastrocele— h.  Zirbalis,  Epiplo- 
cele. 

Her'nia  Lit'iuca,  H.  c  Diverticula  Intesti'ni.  \ 
Hernia  first  described  by  Litre,  in  which,  the 
intestinal  canal  proper  is  not  included  in  the 
hernial  sac,  the  protruded  portion  of  intestine 
consisting  of  a  digital  prolongation  of  the 
ileum,  which  Litre  concluded  was  formed  by 
the  gradual  extension  of  a  knuckle  of  the 
bowel,  that  had  been  engaged  in  the  inguinal 
canal. 

HERNJAIRE,  Hernial,  Herniaria  glabra. 
HER'NIAL,  Hernia'rius,  (F.)  Herniaire.    Be- 
longing to,  or  concerning,  hernias: — as  Hernial 
Bandage,  Hernial  Sac,  &c. 

The  (F.)  Hernie,  is  applied  to  a  part  enve- 
loped in  a  hernial  sac;  Hernieux  means  one 
affected  with  hernia;  and  Chirurgien  herniaire, 
one  who  devotes  himself  to  the  treatment  of 
hernia. 

HERNIA'RIA  GLABRA,  Milligra'na,  Em'- 
petrum: — Rupture-worf;  front  hernia,  'rupture.' 
(F.)  Herniaire,  Turquelte,  Herniole.  This  plant, 
which,  as  its  name  imports,  was  formerly  con- 
sidered efficacious  in  the  cure  of  iiernia,  seems 
destitute  of  all  virtues. 

HERNIE   CHARNUE,  Sarcocele— h.  de 
I Epiploon,   Epiplocele — h.   de   V Estornac,  Gas- 
trocele— It.  Inguinale,  Bubonocele — /<.  du  Norn- 
bril,  Exomphalos — h.  Ombi/icale,  Exomphalos — 
h.  d,e  la  Vessie,  Cyslocele. 
HERNIA,  Hernial. 
HERNIEUX,  Hernial. 
HERNIOLE,  Herniaria  glabra. 
HERNIOTOMY,  Herniotom'ia,  from  hernia, 
and  TfNvco,  'I  cut.'     The  operation  for  hernia. 

HERO'IC,  Hero'icus,  Hero'ius,  Hero' us,  from 
'rjwg,  'a  hero.'    An  epithet  applied  to  remedies 
or  practice  of  a  violent  character. 
HERPEDON,  Herpes. 
HERPEN,  Herpes. 

HERPES,  Erpes,  Herpe'don,  Herpen,  from 
'tQTtu),  '  I  creep;'  because  it  creeps  and  spreads 
about  the  skin.  Ecphlysis  Herpes,  Cytis'ma 
Herpes,  Tetter,  Fret,  (F.)  Dartre,  Olophlyctide. 
A  vesicular  disease,  which,  in  most  of  its  forms, 
passes  through  a  regular  course  of  increase, 
maturation,  decline,  and  termination  in  about 
10  or  14  days.  The  vesicles  arise  in  distinct, 
but  irregular  clusters,  which  commonly  appear 
in  quick  succession,  and  near  together,  on  an 
inflamed  base;  generally  attended  with  heat, 
p'ain,  and  considerable  constitutional  disorder. 
The  term,  like  all  others  which  refer  to  cuta 
neous  diseases,  has  not  been  accurately  defined. 
The  ancients  had  three  varieties;  the  miliary, 
xty/niutio:;  vcsic'iilar,  (pivxraivwitjg,  and  era- 
ding,  todiouemc.  Bateman  has  the  following 
varieties.  I.  Herpes  PhlyctjEno'des,  Herpes 
mUia'ris,  Ecphlysis  Herpes  MUiaris,  (F.)  Dartre 
phlyctenoide,  in  which  the  vesicles  are  millet 
sized;  pellucid;  clusters  commencing  on  an 
uncertain  part  of  the  body,  and  being  progres- 
sively strewed  over  the  rest  of  the  surface;  suc- 
ceeded by  fresh  crops.  2  Herpes  Zoster, 
Zoster,  Zona  ig'nru,  Z.  scrpigino'sa .  Ignis  Per'- 
gicus,  Cinzilla,  Sneer  ignis,  Ecphlysis  Herpes 
zoster.  Herpes  peris'ce.lis,  Erysip'e/us  -zoster,  Ery- 
sip'tlas  phlyetw.noi'des,  E.  pustulo'sa,  Zona,  {V.) 
Cfinlnre,  C.  dartre.use.  Ecu  I'ersique,  liry>ipelc 
pustiilenx,  Shingles:  in  which  the  vesicles  are 
pearl-sized;  the  clusters  spreading  round  the 


body,  like  a  girdle:  at  times  confluent,  and  oc- 
casionally preceded  by  constitutional  irritation. 
3.  Herpes  Circina'tus,  Formi'ca  ambulato'ria, 
An'nulus  repens,  Herpes  Serpi'go,  Serpiao,  Ec- 
phlysis Herpes  Circina'tus,  Ringworm,  consist- 
ing of  vesicles  with  a  reddish  base,  uniting  in 
rings:  the  area  of  the  rings  slightly  discoloured, 
often  followed  by  fresh  crops.  4.  Herpes  La- 
bia'lis.  5.  Herpes  Pr;eputia'lis,  appearing, 
respectively,  on  the  lips  and  prepuce: — 6. Her- 
pes Iris,  Iris,  Rainborc-worrn, — occurring  in 
small  circular  patches,  each  of  which  is  com- 
posed of  concentric  rings  of  different  co- 
lours. To  these  may  be  added,  Herpes  Ex'- 
edens,  Ecphlysis  Herpes  exedens,  Herpes  esthi- 
om'enus,  H.depas'cens,  H.ferus,  H.  estiom'enus, 
Lupus  nor  ax,  Formi'ca  corrosi'va,  Pap'ula  fera, 
Ulcerative  Ringworm,  Nirles,  JIgria,  (F.)  Dar- 
tri.  rongeante,  in  which  the  vesicles  are  hard; 
clusters  thronged;  fluid  dense,  yellow  or  red- 
dish, hot,  acrid,  corroding  the  subjacent  skin, 
and  spreading  in  serpentine  trails. 

All  the  varieties  demand  simply  an  antiphlo- 
gistic treatment,  when  attended  with  febrile 
irritation.  The  herpes  circinatus,  alone,  re- 
quires the  use  of  astringent  applications,  which 
have  the  power  of  repressing  the  eruption. 

Herpes  Depascens,  H.  exedens — h.  Esthio- 
menus,  H.  exedens — h.  Estiomenus,  H.  exedens 
— h.  Farinosus,  Pityriasis — h.  Ferns,  H.  exe- 
dens— h.  Furfuraceus,  Pityriasis — h.  Furfura- 
ceus  circinatus,  Lepra,  H.  exedens — h.  Miliaris, 
H.  phlyctsenoides — h.  Periscelis,  H.  zoster — h. 
Serpigo,  H.  circinatus — h.  Tonsurans,  Porrigo 
decalvans. 

HERPET'IC,  Herpet'icus,  (F.)  Dartreuz. 
Possessing  the  nature  of  herpes. 

HERPE'TON,  Herpet'icon,  from  '(qthiv,  'to 
creep.'     A  creepinjjeruption  or  ulcer. — Hippoc. 

HERPYI.OS,  Thymus  serpyllum. 

HESPERIS  ALLIARIA,  Alliaria. 

HETEROCH  YMEU'SIS;  from  'ntpec, 
'other,'  and  /v/uivirtc,  'mixture.'  A  state  of  the 
blood  in  which  it  contains  other  matters  than 
in  health,  as  urea,  bile,  &c. 

HETEROCLITE,  see  Homology,  and  Tis- 
sues 

HETEROURANIA,  Hemicrania. 

HETEROCRINE,  from  '£tepo?,  <  other,'  and 
koiiid,  '1  separate.'  Modification  in  the  situa- 
tion of  secretions.— Andral. 

HETEKOGENESlS,  see  Generation. 

HETEROLOGOUS  TISSUES,  see  Tissues. 

HETEROMORPHISM ,  Heteromorphis'mus, 
from  'srsyo?,  'other,'  and  fiooqt],  'shape.'  A 
deviation  from  the  natural  shape  of  parts. 

HETEROPATHIC,  Allopathic. 

HETEROPHO'NIA,  from  <m(>°?,  'other,' 
and  ipoii  i;,  'voice.'     A  cracked  or  broken  voice. 

HETEROPLASTY,  Heteroplas'ticS,  Hetero- 
pla'sia,-  from  'treoo?,  'other,'  and  nXaaaeu,  'I 
form.'  Irregular  plastic  or  formative  opera- 
tions, that  do  not  admit  of  exact  classification. 

HETLROPROSO'PUS;  from  'crtoog,  'dif- 
ferent,' and  nooa-oixov, '  countenance.'  A  mon- 
ster havinjr  two  faces. — Gurlt. 

HETEROREXIA.  Malaria. 

HETERORRHYTH'MOS,  'having  another 
rhythm.'  An  epithet  given  to  the  pulse,  when 
it  is  such,  in  any  individual,  as  is  usually  felt 
at  a  different  acre. 

HETEROS~from  'tnoog,  '  the  one  of  two, 
'  the  other.'     Hence  : 


HETEROSARCOSES 


380 


HIPPEUSI3 


HETEROSARCO'SES,  from  'sTsqcg, '  other,' 
and  t*q%,  'flesh.'  A  class  of  diseases  which 
consist  in  the  formation  of  accidental  tissues. 
— Gendrin. 

HETEROTAX'IA,  (F.)  Heterotaxie :  from 
'tTtyog,  and  ra^ig,  'order.'  A  malformation, 
which  consists  in  the  general  transposition  of 
organs. 

HETEROTOPIA,  from  'crcQog,  lother,'  and 
Tonog,  '  place.'  A  deviation  from  the  natural 
position  of  parts. 

HETRE,  Fagus  sylvatica. 

HEUCHERA,  see  H.  cortusa — h.  Acerifolia, 
H.  Cortusa. 

Heuche'raCortu'sa,  H.  America' na,  H.Ace- 
rifo'lia,  H.  Vis'cida,  Cortu'sa  America'na,  Alum 
Root,  Amer'ican  San'icle,  Ground- maple,  Cliff- 
weed,  Split-rock.  The  root,  Heuchera — (Ph.  (J. 
S.) — is  a  powerful  astringent,  and  is  the  basis 
of  a  cancer  powder.  The  American  Indians  ap- 
ply the  powdered  root  to  wounds,  ulcers,  and 
cancers.  It  is  said  to  have  been  sold  for  col- 
chicum. 

Heuchera  Viscida,  H.  cortusa. 

HEUDELOTIA  AFRICANA,  see  Bdellium. 

HEVEA  GU1ANENS1S,  see  Caoutchouc. 

HEX'IS,  '^(?,  habit,  (q.  v.,)  habit  of  body, 
(q.  v.,)  constitution.  Hence — hectic,  cachectic, 
&c. 

HIA'TUS,  from  Mare,  'to  gape,'  '  to  open.' 
A  foramen  or  aperture.  The  vulva.  Also, 
yawning,  (q.  v.) 

Hiatus  Fallopii,  see  Aquceductus  Fallopii  — 
h.  Occipilo-petreux, Lacerum  posterius  foramen — 
h.  Spheno-petreux,  Lacerum  anterius  foramen. 

Hiatus  or  Fora'men  of  Winslow,  is  an 
opening — situate  behind  the  lesser  omentum, 
and  behind  the  vessels  and  nerves  of  the  liver 
— which  forms  a  communication  between  the 
peritoneal  cavity  and  that  of  the  omenta. 

HIBER'NICUS  LAPIS,  Teg' via  Hibcr'nica, 
Arde'sia  Hiber'nica,  Harde'sia,  Irish  Slate.  A 
kind  of  slate  or  very  hard  stone,  found  in  dif- 
ferent parts  of  Ireland,  in  masses  of  a  bluish- 
black  colour,  which  stains  the  hands.  It  has 
been  taken,  powdered,  in  spruce  beer,  against 
inward  contusions. 

HIBISCUS,  Althaea. 

Hibis'cus  Abelmos'chus,  Abelmos'chus  mos- 
cha'tus.  The  name  of  the  plant  whose  seeds  are 
called  Grana  Moschi  or  Muskseed.  It  is  the 
Belmus'chus,  Abelmos'chus,  Granum  Moschi, 
Ket'mia  JEgyptiaca,  Moschus  Ar'abum,  JEgyp'- 
tia  moscha'la,  Bamix  moscha'ta,  Alcea,  Alcca 
Indica,  Alcea  JEgyptiaca  Villo'sa,  Abelmosch, 
Abelmusk,  Musk-mallow,  (F.)  Gruine  de  Muse, 
Herbe  a  fa  poudre  de  Chypre,  Ambrctte,  Gui- 
mauve  veloulce.  It  is  indigenous  in  Egypt  and 
the  Indies.  The  seeds  are  chiefly  used  as  per- 
fumes ;  and  especially  in  the  formation  of  Cy- 
prus Poivder. 

Hibis'cus  Popule'us,  Balimba'go.  A  small 
Molucca  tree.  The  fruit  is  full  of  a  juice  simi- 
lar to  camboge.  The  root  is  emetic.  It  is  used 
in  chronic  diarrhoea,  colic,  dyspepsia,  &c. 

HICCOUGH,  Singultus. 

HICCUP,  Singultus. 

HIDROA,  Desudatio,  tichauboulures,  Hydroa, 
Sudamina. 

HIDRONOSOS,  Sudor  angiicus. 

HIDROPHOROS,  Sudoriferous. 

HI'DROS,  'i^io?,  Sudor,  (q.  v.)  'sweat.' 
Hence — Hidropyra,  Hidrosis,  &c. 


HIDROTERION,  Achicolum. 

HIDROTICUM,  Sudorific. 

HlkBLE,  Sambucus  ebulus. 

HI'ERA  DIACOLOCYN'THIDOS,  from 
'ttoog,  '  holy.'  Hiera  of  Colocynth.  An  elec- 
tuary, composed  of  10  parts  of  colocynth,  as 
much  agaric,  germander,  white  horchound,  sta- 
dias:— 5  parts  of  opoponax,  as  much  sagapenum, 
parsley,  round  birthwort  root  and  white  •pepper ; 
— 4  parts  of  spikenard,  cinnamon,  myrrh,  and 
saffron;  and  3  pounds,  3  ounces,  and  5  drachms 
of  honey. 

Hiera  of  Colocynth,  H.  Diacolocynthidos 
— h.  Logadii,  Hiera  picra. 

Hiera  Picra,  from  'itoog,  'holy,'  and  nuoog, 
'  bitter.'  Holy  bitter,  Pulvis  aloet'icus,  formerly 
called  Hiera  loga'dii,  when  made  into  an  elec- 
tuary with  honey.  It  is  now  kept  in  the  form 
of  dry  powder; — prepared  by  mixing  socotrine 
aloes  one  pound,  with  3  ounces  of  canella  alba. 
See  Pulvis  aloes  cum  canella. 

Hiera  Syrinx,  Vertebral  column,  Epilepsy. 

HIERACI'TES,  UtQamixtis,  from  '«§«£,  'a 
hawk,'  Lapis  Accip'itrum.  The  ancient  name 
of  a  precious  stone;  believed  to  be  capable  of 
arresting  the  hemorrhoidal  flux. —  Pliny,  Galen, 
Paulus. 

HIERA'CIUM  MURO'RUM,  Pulmona'ria 
Ga/l'ica,  Auric'ula  mu'ris  major,  (F.)  Jiperviere 
des  murailles,  Pulmonaire  des  Francais.  A  Eu- 
ropean plant,  which  is  a  slight  tonic. 

Hiera'cium  Pilosel'la.  The  systematic 
name  of  the  Auric'ula  Muris,  or  Mouse-ear,  Pi- 
hsel'la,  Myoso'tis,  (F.)  Pilostlle,  Oreille  de  Souris. 
This  plant  contains  a  bitter,  lactescent  juice: 
which  has  a  slight  degree  of  astringency.  The 
roots  are  more  powerful  than  the  leaves. 

HIERA iNOSIS,  Chorea. 

HIERAX,  Accipiter. 

HIEROBOTAiNE,  Verbena  officinalis. 

HIEROGLYPH'ICA,  from  'uqos,  'holy,' 
and  y?.vipw,  'I  carve.'  A  name  given  to  the 
signs  employed  in  medicine;  and  also  to  the 
folds  in  the  hands,  feet,  and  forehead,  which 
afford  chiromancy  its  pretended  oracles. 

HIEROPYR,  Ervsipelas. 

HILLBERRY,  Gaultheria. 

HILL  FEVER,  see  Fever,  hill. 

HILON,  (F.)  Hilum.  A  name  given  by  some 
writers  to  a  small  blackish  tumour,  formed  by 
the  protrusion  of  the  iris  through  an  opening  in 
the  transparent  corea,  so  called  from  its  com- 
parison with  the  hile  or  black  mark  presented 
by  the  vicia  faba  at  one  of  its  extremities. 

HIMANTOSIS,  Hi  mas. 

HIM  AS,  'i/JLac,  'a  thong  of  leather.'  The 
uvula;  likewise,  elongation  and  extenuation  of 
the  uvula.  It  is  also  called  Himanlo'sis,  Himan- 
to' ma. 

HIP, Haunch — h.  Bone,  Ischium — h.  Disease, 
Coxarum  morbus — h.  Joint,  Coxofemoral  arti- 
culation— h.  Tree,  Rosa,  canina. 

HIP'PACE,  'i7rnax.ti,  from  'nnrog, '  a  horse.' 
Ca'seus  Equi'nus.  A  cheese  prepared  from 
mare's  milk. 

HIPPAINTHRO'PIA,  from  <m7rog,  <  a  horse,' 
and  ctr&Qumog,  'a  man.'  A  variety  of  melan- 
choly, in  which  the  patient  believes  himself 
changed  to  a  horse.  The  Greek  word  'iTrnzr- 
SoviTrag,  means  the  fabulous  Centaur. 

HIPPASIA,  Equitation. 

HI PPE1  A,  Equitation. 

HIPPLUS1S,  Equitation. 


HIPPIATRIA 


381 


HOMO 


HIPPIATRI'A,  from  'mnog,  <a  horse,'  and 
ia.TQiKtj,  'medicine,'  (F.)  Hippiatrique.  A  sci- 
ence, whose  object  is  the  knowledge  of  the  dis- 
eases of  the  horse,  and  of  other  domestic  ani- 
mals. 

HIPPIATRIQUE,  Hippiatria. 

HIPPO,  Euphorbia  corollata  —  h.  Indian, 
Gillenia  trifoliata. 

HIPPOCAMPE  GRANDE,  Cornu  ammonis. 

HIPPOCAMPUS  MAJOR,  Cornu  ammonis. 

Hippocam'pus  Minor,  Unguis,  Vn'ciform 
Em'inence,  Collic'ulus  cavea  posterio'ris  ven- 
triculo'rum  latera'lium,  Calcar  a'vis.  (F.)  Er- 
got, Eperon.  A  medullary  tubercle  or  projec- 
tion, observed  in  the  posterior  cornu  of  the 
lateral  ventricle  of  the  brain. 

HIPPOCRAS,  Claret. 

HIPPOCRATES,  CAP  OF,  Bonnet  d' Hippo- 
crate — h.  Sleeve,  Ckausse. 

HIPPOCltAT'IC,  Hippocrat'icus.  Relating 
to  Hippocrates,  or  concerning  his  doctrine, — 
as  Hippocratic  doctrine,  Hippocratic  face,  &c. 

HIPPOC'RATIST.  A  partisan  of  the  Hip- 
pocratic doctrine. 

HIPPOLAPATHUM,  Rumex  patientia. 

HIPPOMARATHKUM,  Peucedanutn  silaus. 

HI  PPOPATHOL'OGY,  Hippopathohg"ia, 
from  Urcnog,  'a  horse,'  nudog,  'a  disease,'  and 
?.oyoc,  'a  discourse.'  A  knowledge  of  the  dis- 
eases of  the  horse.     Pathology  of  the  horse. 

HIPPOS,  Equus. 

HIPPOSTEOL'OGY,  Hipposteolog"ia,  from 
'inmg,  'a  horse,'  ooresv,  'a  bone,'  and  A-oyog, '  a 
discourse.'     Osteolotry  of  the  horse. 

H1PPOSELINUM,  Smyrnium  olusatrum. 

HIPS,  Sax.  heopa.  The  fruit  of  the  dog-rose, 
Rosa  Cani'na,  (q.  v.,):  chiefly  used  as  a  confec- 
tion.    See  Contectio  Rosas  Caninae. 

HIPPOT'OMY,  Hippotam'ia,  from  'imrot,  'a 
horse,'  and  xipvuv, '  to  cut.'  Anatomy  of  the 
horse. 

H1PPURIC  ACID,  see  Acid,  hippuric. 

HIPPU'RIS  VULGA'RIS,  from  Unnog,  'a 
horse,'  and  ovoa, '  a  tail.'  The  systematic  name 
of  the  Horse's  Tail  or  Mare's  Tail,  Equise'tum 
minus,  Equise'tum,  (F.)  Prele,  Fresle,  Asprele. 
It  is  an  astringent,  and  frequently  used,  as  tea, 
by  the  vulgar,  in  diarrhoea  and  hemorrhage. 
The  same  virtues  are  attributed  to  the  Equise'- 
tum anon'  se,  fluvial'  He,  limo'sum,  &c. 

IIIPPUS,  from  UvTicg,  'a  horse.'  A  disease 
of  the  eyes,  in  which,  from  birth,  they  perpe- 
tually twinkle,  like  those  of  a  man  on  horse- 
back. Also,  a  tremulous  condition  of  the  iris, 
which  occasions  repeated  alternations  of  con- 
traction and  dilatation  of  the  pupil. 

HIRCUS,  Tragus. 

HIRQUUS,  Canthus  (greater.) 

HIRSU'TIES,  Hair'iness,  Triclio'sis  Hirsu'- 
ties.  Growth  of  hairs  on  extraneous  parts,  or, 
superfluous  growth  on  parts;  as  in  cases  of 
bearded  women. — Good. 

HIRU'DO,  The  Leech,  Sanguisu'ga,  Bdella. 
In  medicine,  the  lliru'do  Medicinal lis,  Bdella 
Medicina'lis  or  Medicinal  Leech,  (F.)  Sangsue, 
is  employed.  It  lives  in  fresh  water,  and  feeds 
on  the  blood  of  animals,  which  it  sucks,  after 
having  pierced  the  skin  with  its  three  sharp 
teeth.  This  habit  has  been  taken  advantage  of, 
to  produceTocal  blood-letting.  In  applying  the 
the  part  must,  be  wiped  dry;  and  if  there 
he  difficulty  in  making  it,  a  little  milk  or  cream 
may  be  applied.     When  satiated,  it  will  drop 


off,  and  by  applying  a  little  salt  or  vinegar  to 
its  head  it  will  disgorge  the  blood.  A  good 
English  leech  will  take  about  half  an  ounce  of 
blood,  including  that  which  flows  by  fomenting 
the  part  subsequently.  The  American  takes 
less. 

HIRUNDINAPJA,  Lysimachia  nummularia. 

HIRUN'DO,  Cliel'idon,fvom haren'do,  'stick- 
ing;' because  it  sticks  its  nests  against  the 
houses.  (1)  The  Swallow.  The  nests  of  the 
swallow  were  once  employed  as  rubefacients, 
boiled  in  vinegar. 

HISPANICUM  VIRIDE,  Cupri  subacetas. 

HISPID1TAS,  Dystcechiasis,  Phalangosis. 

HISPIDULA,  Antennaria  dioicum. 

HIST'OS,  Uorog,  'the  organic  texture.' 
Hence: 

HISTOGEN'IA,  Histog"eny,ftom  li<nog, '  the 
organic  texture,'  and yn t<rig,  'generation.'  The 
formation  and  development  of  the  organic  tex- 
tures. 

HISTOLOGY,  Anatomy  (general.)  The 
term  is  also  more  particularly  appropriated  to 
the  minute  anatomy  of  the  tissues. 

HISTON'OMY,  Histonom'ia;  from  harog, 
'the  organic  texture,'  and  vofiog,  'law.'  The 
aggregate  of  laws,  which  preside  over  the  for- 
mation and  arrangement  ol'the  organic  tissues. 

HISTORY,  MEDICAL,  Risto'ria  Medici'nce. 
A  narration  of  the  chief  circumstances,  and  the 
persons  connected  with  them,  in  the  progress 
of  medicine. 

HIVE  SYRUP,  Syrupus  scillae  compositus. 

HIVES,  Cynanche  trachealis,  see  Varicella. 

HOARSENESS,  Raucedo. 

HOB-NAILED  LIVER,  Liver,  Nutmeg. 

HOG-LICE,  Onisci  aselli. 

HOGWORT,  Heptallon  graveolens. 

HOLANENCEPHA'LIA;  from  <o).og,  'en- 
tire,' and  anencepha'lia,  'absence  of  brain.' 
'Entire  absence  of  brain,' — the  same  as  Anen- 
cephalia — G.  St  Hilaire. 

HOLARTHIUTIS,  Hamarthritis. 

HOLCE,  '■ol/.i], '  a  dram.' — Galen. 

HOL'CIMOS,  'of.ziiiog,  from'oXxr], 'a  weight.' 
A  tumour  of  the  liver. 

HOLCUS  SORGHUM,  Panicum  Italicum. 

HOLERA,  Cholera. 

HOLLANDS,  Gin. 

HOLLY,  AMERICAN,  Ilex  opaca—h.  Com- 
mon, Ilex  aquifolium — h.  Dahoon,  Ilex  vomi- 
toria — h.  Ground,  Pyrola  maculata — h.  Ground, 
Pyrola  umbellata — h.  Sea,  Eryngium  mariti- 
mum. 

HOLLYHOCK,  COMMON,  Alcea  rosea. 

HOLMICOS,  Alveolus. 

HOLMOS,  Mortar. 

HOLOCYRON,  Teucrium  chamaepitys. 

HOLOPHLYCTIDES,  Phlyctaena. 

HOLOSTEUM  ALSINE,  Alsine  media. 

HOLOSTEUS,  Osteocolla. 

HOLOTON'ICUS,  Wo?,  'the  whole,'  and 
Tfira,  'I  stretch.'  A  spasm  of  the  whole  body. 
A  variety  of  tetanus,  (q.  v.) — Sauvao-es. 

HOL'YWELL,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Holywell  is  a  town  in  Wales;  and  takes  its  name 
from  the  famous  well  of  St.  Winifred.  It  is  a 
simple  cold  water,  remarkable  for  its  purity. 

HOMAGRA,  Omagra. 

HOMEOPATHY.  Homoeopathy. 

HOMIOSIS.  Homoiosis. 

HOMME.  Homo. 

HOMO,  (F.)  Homme,  Man, — the  chief  and 


HOxMCEOPATH 


382 


HORN 


most  perfect  of  the  mammalia;  in  Greek, 
avdouziog,  from  uva,  'upwards,'  and  rotnin,  'I 
turn,'  because  man,  alone,  of  all  animals,  pos- 
sesses the  natural  power  of  standing  erect.  He 
is,  also,  the  only  animal  whose  incisor  teeth, 
wedged  in  a  projecting  jaw,  are  absolutely  ver- 
tical. Man  is  especially  distinguished  from 
other  mammalia  by  the  faculty,  which  he  pos- 
sesses, of  classing  his  ideas;  comparing  them 
with  each  other;  and  connecting,  representing 
and  transmitting  them  by  signs  and  articulate 
sounds.  He  possesses,  in  the  highest  degree, 
all  the  attributes  of  intelligence,  memory,  judg- 
ment, and  imagination.  He  inhabits  all  coun- 
tries,— the  burning  legions  of  the  torrid  zone, 
and  the  chilling  atmosphere  of  the  polar  climes. 
In  different  situations,  he  presents,  in  his 
figure,  colour,  and  stature,  differences,  which 
have  caused  the  human  race  to  be  divided  by 
naturalists  into  races  or  varieties.  The  num- 
ber of  such  races  can  only  be  approximated. 
Cuvier  admits  but  three,  the  Caucasian,  Negro, 
Mongolian,-  to  these  may  be  added  the  American. 
Every  division  must  necessarily  be  arbitrary, 
and  the  individuals  composing  each  variety  are 
far  from  being  alike. 

HOMCEOPATH,  Hommopathist. 

HOMCEOP'ATHlST,//omosopa//t.  One  who 
follows  Homoeopathy. 

HOMCEOP'ATHY^meo/at/^from'o^otos, 
'  like,'  and  naSog,  '  affection.'  A  fanciful  doc- 
trine, which  maintains,  that  disordered  actions 
in  the  human  body  are  to  be  cured  by  inducing 
other  disordered  actions  of  the  same  kind,  and 
this  to  be  accomplished  by  infinitessimally  small 
doses,  often  of  apparently  inert  agents;  the 
decillionth  part  of  a  grain  of  charcoal,  for  ex- 
ample, is  an  authorized  dose. 

HOMCEOZ'YGY,  from  '0^0,0;,  'like,'  and 
tvyooy, '  I  join  together.'  The  law  of  assuciat  ion 
of  organs,  by  which  like  parts  adhere  to  like 
parts. — Serres. 

HOMOETHNIA,  Sympathy. 

HOMOGEN'ESIS,  see  Generation. 

HOMOIOPATHIA,  Sympathy. 

HOMOIO'SIS,  Homio'sis,  from  'o/uotew,' I  re- 
semble,' 'I  assimilate.'  An  elaboration  of  the 
nutritious  juice,  by  which  it  becomes  proper 
for  assimilation,     (q.  v.) 

HOMOLINON,  see  Apolinosis. 

HOMOL'OGY,  from  'ofioiog,  'like,'  and 
loyog,  'a  description.'  The  doctrine  of  similar 
parts.  Thus,  the  two  sides  of  the  body  are 
said  to  be  'homologous.'  Homologous  tissues, 
are  those  that  resemble  others;  in  opposition  to 
heterologous  or  keleroclitc,  which  are  new  for- 
mations. 

HOMONOPAGIA,  Cephalalgia. 

HOMOP  H'A  G  U  S,  from  'co.uos, '  raw,'  and 
way),  'I  eat.'     One  who  eats  raw  flesh. 

HOMOPLAS'TY, Homodpla'sia,  from  oiiouc, 
'like,'  and  j?.*oow, '  1  form.'  The  formation  of 
homologous  tissues. 

HOMOPLATA,  Scapula. 

HOMO  T'O  N  O  S,  JEqua'lis,  from  '0110;, 
'equal.'  and  rovog,  'tone.'  That  which  has  the 
same  tone.  A  continued  fever,  whose  symptoms 
have  an  equal  intensity  during  the  whole  course 
of  the  disease,  has  been  so  called.  See  Ac- 
masticos  and  Synocha. 

HONESTY,  Lunaria  rediviva. 

HONEWORT,  FIELD,  Sison  amomum. 

HONEY,  Mel-- h.  Balsam  of,  Hill's,  see  Mel 


— h.  Bloom,  Apocynum  androsrcmifoliora— h 
of  Borax,  Mel  boracis— h.  Clarified,  Mel  des- 
pumatum— h.  Prepared,  Mel  prseparatum — h. 
of  Roses,  Mel  rosce— h.  of  Squill,  compound, 
Syrupus  Scillae  Compositus. 

HONEYCOMB  BAG,  Reticulum. 
HONGLANE,  Coptis  teeta. 
HOJYTEUX,  Pudic. 
HOODWORT,  Scutellaria  lateriflora. 
HOOK,  Sax.   hoce,  hooc,  Dutch,  hoeck, 
Uncus,  Unci'nus,  Andyra,  (F.)  Jtrigne,  Airigne, 
ou  Eri.nc.     An  instrument,  consisting  of  a  steel 
wire,  flattened  at  the  middle,  and  having  the 
extremities  crooked  and  pointed.    Some  hooks 
are  i'urnished  with  a  handle  at  one  extremity — 
the  other  having  one  or   two  hooks; — consti- 
tuting the  single  and  double  hook.     The  Hook 
is  used  by  anatomists  and  surgeons,  to  lay  hold 
of,  and  raise  up,  certain  parts,  the  dissection  of 
which  is  delicate,  or  which  would  slip  from  the 
fingers. 

The  Tenaculum  is  a  variety  of  the  Hook. 
Hook, Blunt.  An  instrument  which  is  passed 
over  the  flexures  of  the  joints  to  assist  in  bring- 
ing down  the  foetus  in  parturition. 

HOOPING-COUGH,  Pertussis— h. Roche's 
Embrocation  for  the,  see  Roche. 
HOOP  TREE,  Melia  azedarach. 
HOPITAL,  Hospital. 
HOP  PILLOW,  see  Hvrmulus  lupulus. 
HOP  PLANT,  Humulus  lupulus. 
HOPLOCHRYS'MA,  from  'onXor,  'a  wea- 
pon,' and  y^itrij-a,  'salve.'      Uuguentum  arma- 
rium, Arm'atory  Unguent.     A  salve  which  was 
supposed  to  cure  wounds  by  sympathy,— the 
instrument  with  which  the  wound  was  inflicted 
being  anointed  with  it. 

HOPLOMOC  H'lJON,  'o.iivi^nr,  from 
'  oT/Ur,  'a  weapon,'  and  kioylo:,  'a  lever.'  The 
name  of  an  iron  machine  or  apparatus,  which 
embraced  the  whole  body  like  armour.  A 
figure  of  it  is  given  by  Fabricius  ab  Acquapen- 
dente. 

HOQUET,  Singultus. 

HORDE'OLUM.  diminutive  of  Ilnrdeum, 
'Barlev,'  Scterophthal'mia,  Critlte,  a  Stye,  a 
Styan,"  Crithid'ion,  Cry/he.  (F.)  Orgeltt,  Or- 
(rcolct.  A  small,  inflammatory  tumour,  of  the 
nature  of  a  boil,  which  exhibits  itself  near  the 
free  edge  of  the  eyelids,  particularly  near  the 
inner  angle  of  the  eye. 

HOR'DEUM,  CriUiS.  The  seeds  of  Hordcvm 
vulga'rS,  or  Scotch  Barley,  are  ranked  amongst 
the  Cerealia.  (F.)  Orge.  They  afford  a  muci- 
laginous decoction,  which  is  employed  as  a  di- 
luent and  antiphlogistic.  The  seeds  of  the  Hor- 
drum  dis'tichon  and  H.  hexas'tickon  possess  si- 
milar properties.  Barley  is  freed  from  its  shells 
in  mills;  and,  at  times,  is  rubbed  into  small. 
round  grains,  somewhat  like  pearls,  when  it  is 
called  Hordcvm  perla'tum,  or  Pearl  Hurley,  (F.) 
Orge  perlc,  and  forms  the  Hordei  sem'ina  tu'ni- 
r.is  nuda'ta,  of  the-  pharmacopoeias,  Hordeum 
(Ph.  U.S.) 

Hordeum  Causticum,  Veratrum  snhndilla. 
HOREHOUND,  Marrubium — h.  Black,  Bal- 
lota  lectida — h.  Germander-leaved,  Eupatorium 
teucrifolium — h.  Stinking,  Billota  fcetida — h. 
Water,  Lycopus  Virginicus— h.  Wild,  Eupato- 
rium te  u  cri  folium. 

HORMINUM,  Salvia  horminum. 
HORN,  Cornu. 


HuRNSEED 


383 


HUMERUS 


HORNSEED,  Ergot. 

HORNY  EA'CRES'CENCES,  Lepido'sis, 
Ichthyi'asis  cornig"era,  Cornua  cuta'nea.  (F.) 
Comes  de  tapcau.  Certain  excrescences,  which 
occasionally  form  on  some  part  of  the  skin,  and 
resemble,  in  shape,  the  horns  of  animals. 

UOR'RIDA  CUTIS,  Goose-skin,  Cutis  an 
seri'na.  A  slate  of  the  skin  accompanying  the 
rigor  of  an  intermittent. 

HORRIPILA'TION,  Horripila'tio,  Horror, 
(fC'Hij,  PhricS.  Pliricas' 'in/is,  from  Imrrere,  'to 
bristle  up,'  and  pil.us,  'hair.'  (F.J  Horripila- 
tion, Frissonnement.  General  chilliness,  pre- 
cecling  fever,  and  accompanied  with  bristling 
of  the  hairs  over  the  body. 

HORROR,  Horripilation. 

HORSE  BALM,  Cullinsnnia  Canadensis. 

HORSE-CHESTNUT,  JEscuIus  hippocasta- 

1H11I1. 

HORSE  CRUST,  Crusta  genu  equinre. 

HORSEFLYWEEO,  Sophora  tinctoria. 

HORSEMINT,  Monarda  coccinea  and  M. 
punctata — h.  Sweet.  Cunila  mariana. 

HORSE   RADISH,  Cochlearia  armoracia. 

HORSE'S  TAIL.  Hippuris  vulgaris. 

HORSEWEED,  Collinsonia  Canadensis. 

HORTULU8  CUPIDINIS,  Vulva. 

HORTUS,  Vulva. 

HOS'FITAL,  primarily  from  liospcs/a  guest,' 
Nosocomi'um,  Infirmary,  Infirnin'rium,  Jnfirma- 
to'rium,  Jfosodocki'um.  (F. )  Hopital.  An  esta- 
blishment for  the  reception  of  the  sick,  in  which 
they  are  maintained  and  treated  medically. 
Hospitals  were  first  instituted  about  the  end 
of  the  4th  century;  a  period  at  which  the  word 
roaoiiofitiov  was  employed,  for  the  first  time,  by 
St.  Jerome. 

Hos'pital  Gangrene,  Phagedx'na  gangrse- 
no'su,-  Putrid  or  Malignant  Ulcer,  Gangrx'na 
Xosocomio'rum,  Hos'pital  Sore,  Gangrse' na  eon- 
tagio'sa,  Putre'do,  (F.)  Pourriturc  ou  Gangrene. 
d  hopital.  Gangrene,  occurring  in  wounds  or 
ulcers,  in  hospitals,  the  air  of  which  has  been 
vitiated  by  the  accumulation  of  patients,  or 
some  other  circumstance.  Hospital  gangrene 
— many  different  varieties  of  which  are  met 
with,  and  always  preceded  or  accompanied  by 
fever — commonly  commences  with  suppression 
of  the  suppuration  of  the  wound,  which  be- 
comes covered  with  a  grayish  and  tenacious 
sanies.  The  gangrene  then  manifests  itself. 
It  extends  from  the  centre  of  the  ulcerated  sur- 
face towards  the  edges;  these  become  swollen, 
painful,  and  everted;  and  the  patient  dies  with 
all  the  signs  of  typhus.  The  treatment  must 
be  varied,  according  to  circumstances.  Some- 
times, it  requires  the  use  of  stimulating,  acid, 
caustic,  and  antiseptic  applications;  with,  oc- 
casionally, the  actual  cautery,  aided  by  the  ex- 
hibition of  tonics,  internally: — at  others,  the 
'antiphlogistic  regimen  and  emollient  applica 
lions  may  bo  necessary. 

HOST'IARIUS,  Pylorus. 

HOT  SPRINGS,  see  Virginia,  Mineral  Wa- 
ters of. 

HOUBLON,  Humulus  lupulus. 

HOUGH.  Poples 

HOUNDS'  TONGUE.  Cynoglossum. 

HOC  I' I'll  XERVEU&E,  see  Papilla- A.  du 
Men  ton,  Depressor  labii  inferioris,  Levator  labii 
inferioris. 

HOUSELEEK,  Sempervivum  tectorum— h 
Small,  Sedum. 


HOUSEMAID'S  KNEE,  see  Knee,  House 
maid's. 

HOUSE-SURGEON,  Resident  Surgeon .  U s u - 
ally  a  senior  pupil  or  graduate,  who  attends  in 
an  hospital,  to  every  accident  and  disease,  in 
the  absence  of  the  regular  physician  or  surgeon. 
It  answers,  in  the  British  hospitals,  to  the  Elhst 
interne  of  the  French. 

HOVX,  Hex  aquifolium — //.  Petit,  Rqscus — It. 
Apalacldne,  Ilex  vornitoria. 

HUACO,  Guaco 

HUCKLEBERRIES,  see  Vaccininm. 

HUDSON'S  PRESERVATIVE  FOR  THE 
TEETH  AND  GUMS,  see  Tinctura  Myriha  . 

HUILE,  Oil— /(.  d'Ahsinthe,  Artemisia  absin- 
thium (oil  of)—  li.  a" Acajou,  see  Anacardium 
occidentale. 

HUILE  ACOUSTIQUE,  (F.)  Oleum  acus'- 
ticum,  Acoustic  oil.  An  oil  for  deafness,  pre- 
pared of  olive  oil,  3ij,  garlic,  ox-gall  and  boy- 
leaves,  each  gj ;  boiled  for  a  quarter  of  an  hour, 
and  strained. 

HUILE  D'AMAXDES,  Oleum  amygdalarum 
— It.  d'Aneth,  see  Anethum  graveolens — h.  Ani- 
mate, Oleum  animate — It.  Animate  de  Dippel, 
Oleum  animate  Dippelii — It.  Animalistic  par  in- 
fusion, Oleum  animalizatum  per  infusionem — 
It.  Anis,see  Pimpinella  anisum — h.  Aromatique. 
Oleum  animalizatum  per  infusionem — h.  d'Au- 
rone,  Artemisia  abrotanum  (oil  of) — It.  de  Cacao, 
Butter  of  cacao — h.  de  Carvi,  Carum  (oil) — It. 
de  Cedrat,  Oleum  cedrinum — h.depelits  Cliiens. 
Oleum  animalizatum  per  infusionem — It.  d: 
Cornede  Cerf,  Oleum  animale  Dippelii — ft.  dr 
Gabiun,  Petrolatum — It  de  Gdrofie,  see  Eugenia 
caryophyllata — li.  de  Laurier,  Unguentum  lau- 
rinum — It.  de  Lis,  see  Lilium  candidum — ft.  dt 
Murelle,  see  Solan um— A.  de  Xuruc,  Oleum  jeci- 
noris  aaelli — A.  dc  Xoix,  see  Juglans  cinerea — 
It.  d'CEiliette,  Papaver  (oil) — It.  de  Ruin,  see  Ri- 
cinus  communis — /;.  de  Succin.  see  Succinuni 
— It.  Verte,  Balsam,  green,  of  Metz — h.  de  Vin 
douce.  Oleum  acthereum. 

HUlLESANIMALES,0\ea.  animalia— A.  Em- 
pijreumatiques,  Olea  empyreumatica — h.  Essen- 
tielles,  Olea  volatilia — h.  Fixes  ou  grasses,  Olea 
fixa — h.  Fugaccs,  Olea  fugacia — It.  Medicinulcs. 
Olea  medicinalia — h.  I  ol utiles,  Olea  volatilia. 

HUIT  DE  CHIFFRE.  Figure  of  8.  A  ban- 
dage in  which  the  turns  are  crossed  in  the  form 
of  the  figure  8.  Such  is  the  bandage  used  after 
bleeding;  from  the  arm. 

HUITRE.  Ostrea. 

HUM,  VENOUS,  Bruit  de  diablc. 

HUMBLE,  Rectus  inferior  ocnli. 

IIUMECTAN'TIA.  A  name  formerly  given 
to  drinks,  which  appeared  to  possess  the  pro- 
perty of  augmenting  the  fluidity  of  the  blood. 

HU'MERAL,  Humeru'tis.  That  which  be- 
longs to,  or  is  connected  with,  the  arm  or  hu- 
merus. 

HiiSii.RAi.  Ak'terv,  Arte' ria  humera'lis,  see 
Brachial  artery. 

HUMERO  CUBITAL,  Brachials  anterior— 
It.  Sus-metacarpien,  see  Radialis — It.  Sus-radiul , 
Supinator  radii  longus. 

HU'MERUS,  Sea'pvla,  Omos,  Annus,  (F  ) 
E/jotile.  The  most  elevated  part  of  the  arm. 
The  bones,  which  concur  in  forming  it,  are  ; — 
the  scapula,  head  of  the  humerus  and  the  cla- 
vicle, united  together  by  strong  ligaments,  and 
covered  by  numerous  muscles. 

Hu'mebub,  Os  Hu'meri,  Os  bra'chii,  Os  adju- 


HUMERUS  SUMMUS 


384 


HYDATID 


to'rium,  Os  brachia'lc,  Bra'chium,  is  the  cylindri- 
cal, irregular  bone  of  the  arm;  the  upper  extre- 
mity of  which  has  a  hemispherical  head  con- 
nected with  the  scapula;  and  two  tuberosities  or 
tubercles,  a  greater  and  lesser,  for  the  attach- 
ment of  muscles,  between  which  is  the  Bicip'- 
ital groove  or  Fossa.  At  the  inferior  extremity 
may  be  remarked — the  inner  condyle,  the  outer 
condyle,-  the  small  head,  which  is  articulated 
with  the  radius;  the  trochlea  articulated  with 
the  ulna,  &c.  The  humerus  is  developed  by 
seven  points  of  ossification; — one  for  the  body; 
one  for  the  head  ;  one  for  the  greater  tuberosity  ; 
one  for  the  trochlea;  one  for  the  epitrochlea;  one 
l'or  the  epicondy  le,  and  another  for  the  lesser  head. 

Humerus  Summus.  Acromion. 

HUM  EUR  AQUEUSE,  Aqueous  humour— 
h.  Hyaloide,  Corpus  vitreum. 

HUMEURS  FROIDES,  Scrofula. 

HUM1DE  RADICALE,  Humidum  radicale. 

HUMIDUM  NATIVUM  ARTICULORUM, 
Synovia — h.  Primigenium,  H.  radicale. 

Hu'midum  Radica'le,  Hu'midum  primigt' - 
nivr/l;  Radical  Moisture,  (F.)  Humid e  radicale. 
This  name  was  formerly  given  to  the  liquid, 
which,  by  means  of  the  circulation,  was  con- 
ceived to  give  flexibility  and  proper  consistence 
to  the  different  organic  textures. 

HUM1L1S,  Rectus  inferior  oculi. 

HUMOR  GENITALIS,  seu  SEMINALIS  seu 
VENERE  US,  Sperm—  h.  Alb  ugineous,  Aqueous 
humour — h.  Arlicularis,  Synovia — h.  Cerumi- 
nous,  Cerumen — h.  Doridis,  Water,  sea — h.  Ge- 
nitalis seu  seminalis,  Sperm — h.Glacialis,  Crys- 
talline, Corpus  vitreum— h.  Hyaloides,  Corpus 
vitreum — h.  Ovatus,  Aqueous  humour — h.  Ovi- 
formis,  Aqueous  humour — h.  Purulentus,  Pus — 
h.  Vitreus,  Corpus  vitreum. 

HU'MORAL,  Humora'lis,  from  humerc,  'to 
moisten.'  Proceeding  from,  or  connected  with, 
the  humours. 

HU'MORISM,  Hu' w oral  Patkol'ogy.  A  me- 
dical theory,  founded  exclusively  on  the  part 
which  the  humours  were  considered  to  plaj'  in 
the  production  of  disease.  Although  traces  of 
this  system  may  be  found  in  the  most  remote 
antiquity,  the  creation,  or  at  all  events,  the  ar- 
rangement of  it  may  be  attributed  to  Galen, 
who  enveloped  it  in  metaphysical  subtleties, 
relating  to  the  union  between  the  elements  and 
the  four  cardinal  humours. 

HU'MORISTS.  The  Galenical  physicians, 
who  attributed  all  diseases  to  a  depraved  state 
of  the  humours,  or  to  vicious  juices  collected  in 
the  body. 

HUMOUR.  Every  fluid  substance  of  an  or- 
ganized body  ; — as  tiie  blood,  chyle,  lymph,  &c. 
The  Humours,  %v(a.oi,  Chyrni,  Humo'res,  differ 
considerably  as  to  number  and  quality  in  the 
different  species  of  organized  beings  ;  and  even 
in  the  same  species,  according  to  the  state  of 
health  or  disease.  The  ancients  reduced  them 
to  four,-  which  they  called  cardinal  humours , — 
the  blood,  phlegm,  yellow  bile,  and  atrabilis  or 
black  bile.  The  modern  classification  of  the 
humours  is  given  under  Fluid. 

HUMP.  Perhaps  from  umbo,  'the  boss  of  a 
buckler;'  Hunch,  Gib  bus,  Gibba,  Tuber,  (F.) 
Bosse.  A  prominence,  formed  by  a  deviation 
of  the  bones  of  the  trunk.  Commonly,  it  is 
firmed  by  the  spine  or  sternum,  and  is  seated 
at  the  posterior  or  anterior  part  of  the  trunk. 
It  may,  also,  be  produced  by  deviation  of  the 


ribs  or  pelvis.  The  spine  may  be  curved  in 
three  principal  directions.  I.  Backwards,  the 
most  common  case;  this  the  ancients  called 
xvq>u>oic,  Cypho'sis,  Gibbos'ilas.  2. 
Xo^dojoig,  Lor  do' sis,  Recvrvu! 'tio  ,■  and,  3.  Late- 
rally, <r*.o).iwvi<:,  'tScolio'sis,  Obstipn'tio.  Most 
curvatures  occur  at  a  very  early  age,  and  are 
caused  by  scrofula,  rickets,  &c;  and,  not  un- 
fVequently  they  are  accompanied  by  caries  of 
the  vertebrae.     See  Vertebral  disease. 

Hu'MULUS  LU'PULUS,  Convol'vulus  pe- 
ren'nis;  the  Hop  plant.  jXal.  Ord.  Urticea?.  (F.) 
Houblon,  Vigne  du  nord.  Its  cones  or  strobiles, 
Hu'muli  strob'ili  (Ph.  L.,)  Rumulus,(?h.  V.  S.,) 
have  a  fragrant  odour;  and  bitter,  aromatic 
taste,  depending  on  a  peculiar  principle,  named 
Lu'pulin,  extractive  and  essential  oil;  which 
may  be  extracted,  equally  by  water  and  spirit, 
from  the  dried  strobiles.  The  Hop  is  employed 
as  a  tonic  and  hypnotic,  and  enters  into  the 
composition  of  ale  and  beer. 

The  Hop  pillow,  Pulvi'nar  Hu'muli,  has  long 
been  used  for  producing  sleep. 

HUNCH,  Hump. 

HUNGER.  Anglo-Saxon,  hunjeji,  Fames, 
Limos,  Peine,  Esu'ries,Jeju'nium,Jeju'n  Has,  Esu- 
ri'tio,  Esuri'go.  (F.)  Faim.  The  necessity  for 
taking  food.  Hunger  is  an  internal  sensation, 
which  some  authors  have  attributed  to  the  fric- 
tion between  the  sides  of  the  stomach  in  its 
empty  state;  others  to  the  compression  of  the 
nerves,  when  the  organ  is  contracted  ;  others, 
to  the  action  of  the  gastric  juice,  &.c.  it  is  dic- 
tated by  the  wants  of  the  system  :  farther  we 
know  not.     See  Appetite. 

HUNGER-CURE.  Limotherapeia. 

HYACINTHUS  MUSCAR1,  Bulbus  vorai- 
torius. 

HYALINE  SUBSTANCE,  Cytoblastema. 

HY'ALOID,  Hyalo'dcs,  Hya/ui'des,  Vil'rm, 
from  'vx?.oc,  'glass,'  and  tidos,  'resemblance.' 
Vitriform;  resembling  glass. 

Hyaloid  Fossa,  Fossa  Hyaldidea,  is  a  cup- 
like excavation  in  the  vitreous  humour,  in 
which  the  crystalline  is  imbedded. 

Hy'ai.oid  Membrane,  Tunica  Hyaloldea, Mem- 
bra'na  Arachao'i'dea,  T  vit'rea,  is  the  extremely 
delicate  membrane,  which  forms  the  exterior 
covering  of  the  vitreous  humour, and  transmits 
within  it  prolongations,  which  divide  it  into 
cells.  Fallopius  discovered  this  membrane, 
and  gave  it  the  name  Hi/aloid.  On  a  level  with 
the  entrance  of  the  optic  nerve  into  the  eye, 
the  hyaloid  membrane  forms  by  reflection,  a 
cylindrical  canal,  which  pierces  the  vitreous 
humour  from  behind  to  before,  as  far  as  the 
posterior  part  of  the  crystalline.  To  this,  its 
discoverer  gave  the  name. —  Canal.  Hyalo'idean 
or  Filial  old  Canal. 

HYALOS,  Vitrum. 

HYBOMA,  Gihbosifas. 

HYBRID,  (F.)  Hybride,  from  the  Greek, 
'vfoig,  'vfloidog,  'mongrel.'  A  being1  born  of  two 
different  species,  as  the  mule.  The  term  is  ap- 
plied to  plants  as  well  as  to  animals.  It  is  often 
also  used  to  designate  words  which  are  formed 
from  two  different  languages, — as  uteres,  for 
inflammation  of  the  uterus,  in  place  of  metritis. 

HY  DARTHROSIS,  Hydrarthrus. 

JIYDARTHRUS,  Hydrarthrus. 

H  Y'DATiD,  Hy'duiis.  Bulla, Aqu'ula,  Hydro' a, 
Tenia  hydatig"cna,  Echinocodcus  huma'nus, 
from  'vdiuo, '  water.'     This  name  was  long  given 


HYDATIDES  CERVICIS  UTERI         335      HYDRARGYRI  NITRICO  OXYDUM 


to  every  encysted  tumour  which  contained  an 
aqueous  and  transparent  fluid.  Many  patholo- 
gists, subsequently,  applied  it  to  vesicles,  softer 

than  the  tissue  of  membranes,  more  or  less 
transparent.,  which  are  developed  within  organs, 
but  without  adhering  to  their  tissue.  It  is  by 
no  means  clear,  that  these  formations  are  really 
entozoa.  They  have  been  found  in  various 
parts  of  the  body  ;  sometimes  in  the  uterus,  oc- 
casioning signs  nearly  simil.tr  to  those  of  preg- 
nancy.but  being  sooner  or  later  expelled.  The 
expulsion  is  generally  attended  with  more  or 
less  hemorrhage.     See  Acephalocvstis. 

Hydatis,  Aqu'uh,  Phlyclae'tiula,  Vcrru'ca  Pal- 
pebrarum, Milium,  also,  meant  small,  trans- 
parent tumours  of  the  eyelids — Galen,  C.  llof- 
mann. 

HYDATIDES  CERVICIS  UTERI,  Nabothi 
glandule. 

HYDATIDOCE'L^/fy/aWV^from'^TK, 
'hydatid,'  and  x>;^»;,  'a  tumour.'  A  tumour, 
formed  by  hydatids.  Oscheocele  containing 
hydatids;  the  Oscheocc'le  lujdatido'sa,  of  Sau- 
vages. 

HYDATIS'MUS,  from  'v3i»q,  'water.'  The 
noise  caused  by  the  fluctuation  of  pus  con- 
tained in  an  abscess. — Aurclian,  Fot-sius. 

HYDATOCELE,  Hydatidocele. 

HYDATOCH'OLOS,  from  'vUq,  'water,' 
and  %ofoj,  'bile.'  Aejuoso-bilious.  An  epithet 
given  to  evacuated  matters  when  mixed  with 
water  and  bile. — Hippocrates,  Foesius. 

HYDATODES,  Aqueous. 

H  Y'D  ATOID,  Hijdato'i'des,  A'qucous,  Aquo'sus, 
Hyda/o' (tea,  from  'v£a>(>, '  water,'  and  tiSog,  *re- 
semblance.'  Resembling  water.  This  name 
has  been  given  to  the  membrane  of  the  aque- 
ous humour;  and.  also,  to  the  aqueous  humour 
itself. 

HYDATOIDES,  Aqueous  humour. 

HYDEROS,  Anasarca,  Hydrops. 

HYDOR,  'vdaQ,  'genitive,'  'vduroc,  '  water.' 
Hence: 

HYDRACHNIS,  see  Varicella. 

HYDRJEMIA,  Hydrofemia. 

HY'DRAGOGUES,  Hydrago'ga,  Hydrop'- 
icu,  Hydrol'iea,  Aquid'uca,  from  Woo, '  water,' 
and  «•/(•>,  '  1  expel.'  Medicines,  believed  to  be 
capable  of  expelling  serum  effused  into  any  part 
of  the  body.  These  are  generally  cathartics  or 
diuretir-s. 

HYDRAGOGUM  BOYLEI,  Argenti  nitras. 

HYDRALLANTE,  False  Waters. 

HYDRAM'NIOS,  from  'vSwq,  'water,'  and 
'amnios.'  An  excessive  quantity  of  the  liquor 
amnii. 

HYDRARGYRANATRIP'SIS,  from  'vdqao- 
yvQtg,  'quicksilver,'  and  avetroeipig,  'rubbing 
in.'  The  rubbing  in  of  an  ointment  of  quick- 
silver : — Hydrar  gyrotrip' sis. 

HYDRARGYRI  ACETAS,  Hydrargyrus 
acetates — h.  Borussias,  H.  cyanuretum — h.  Bro- 
inidiiin.  see  Bromine — h.  Calx  alba,  Hydrar- 
gyrum praecipitatum. 

Hydrargyri  Cm.oniDUM  Corrosivum,  H 
oxymurias — b.  Chloridum  mite,  II.  submurias. 

IIhii'.ail'cvri  Gvanlkk'tcm,  IT.  Burns' sins, 
Hydrar' gyrum  Cyanogena'tum,  II.  Hydrocyan'i- 
nun,  Prusrias  Hydrar' gyri.  Cyan'nret  or  Prus- 
siate  of  Mercury.  (F.)  Cyanure  dc  Mereure 
I  'i  rri  T'crro -eyanwet.  iiv;  Hydrarg.  oxid.  rvbr. 
5iij,  vel  q.  s.;  Jiqum  destillat.  Oiij.  Put  the 
Ferro-cyanuret  and  three  ounces  of  the  oxide 


of  mercury,  previously  powdered  and  thorough- 
ly mixed  together,  into  a  glass  vessel,  and  pour 
on  two  pints  of  the  distilled  water.  Boil  the 
mixture,  stirring  constantly;  and  if,  at  the  end 
of  half  an  hour,  the  blue  colour  remains,  add 
small  portions  of  the  oxide  of  mercury,  conti- 
nuing  the  ebullition  until  the  mixture  becomes 
of  a  yellowish  colour;  then  filter  through  paper. 
Wash  the  residue  in  a  pint  of  the  distilled  wa- 
ter, and  filter.  Mix  the  solution  and  evaporate 
till  a  pellicle  appears,  and  set  the  liquor  aside, 
that  crystals  may  form.  To  purify  the  crys- 
tals, subject  it  to  re-solution,  evaporation,  and 
crystallization.— Ph.  U.  S.)  This  preparation 
has  been  strongly  recommended  as  a  powerful 
antisyphilitic,  and  is  admitted  into  the  Parisian 
codex.  Twelve  to  twenty  four  grains  may  be 
dissolved  in  a  quart  of  distilled  water,  and  three 
or  four  spoonfuls  of  the  solution  be  taken  daily, 
in  a  glass  of  any  appropriate  liquid. 

Hydrargyri  Deuto-Ioduretom, see  Iodine — 
h.  II  vperoxodes,  Hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydum. 

H  ydrar'g  yiu  Io'didum,  Iodide  of  Mercury, 
(Hydrarg.  §j,  lodin.  Jv,  Alcohol  q.  s.  Rub  the 
Mercury  and  Iodine  together,  adding  sufficient 
alcohol  to  form  a  soft  paste,  and  continue  the 
trituration  till  the  globules  disappear.  Dry  the 
Iodide  in  the  dark,  with  a  gentle  heat,  and  keep 
it  in  a  well  stopped  bottle,  the  light  excluded 
—  Ph.  U.  S.)  For  properties  and  doses,  see 
Iodine. 

Hydrargyri  Iodiduk  Rubrum,  Red  Iodide 
of  Mercury.  (Hydrarg.  corros.  chlorid.  ,^j ;  Po- 
tassii  lodid.  gx,  aqua,  destillat.  Oij.  Dissolve 
the  chloride  in  a  pint  and  a  half,  and  the  iodide 
of  potassium  in  half  a  pint  of  distilled  water, 
and  mix  the  solutions.  Collect  the  precipitate 
ou  a  filter,  and  having  washed  it  with  distilled 
water,  dry  it  with  a  moderate  heat,  and  keep 
it  in  a  well  stopped  bottle.— Ph.  U.  S.)  For 
properties  and  doses,  see  Iodine. 

Hydrargyri  Murias  basi  Oxydi  imper- 
fecta, H.  oxymurias — h.  Murias  corrosivum, 
H.  oxymurias — h.  Murias  dulcis  subliinatus,  H. 
submurias — h.  Murias,  oxygenatus,  H.  oxymu- 
rias—  h.  Murias  spirituosns  liquidus,  Liquor  hy- 
drargyri oxymuriatis — h. Murias  suboxygenatus 
prsecipitatione  paratus,  Hydrargyrum  precipi- 
tatum. 

Hydrargyri  Nitras,  Nitras  Hydrar' gyri  in 
crystallos  concre'tus, — Nitrate  of  Mercury.  It  is 
employed  in  syphilis;  and,  externally,  in  fun- 
gous, obstinate  ulcers. 

It  is  used  in  the  formation  of  the  Soluble 
Mercury  of  Hahnemann. 

Ward's  White  Drops,  —  a  once  celebrated, 
antiscorbutic  nostrum. — were  prepared  by  dis- 
solving mercury  in  nitric  acid;  and  adding  a  so- 
lution of  carbonate  of  ammonia,-  or,  frequently, 
they  consisted  of  a  solution  of  sublimate  with 
carbonate  of  ammonia. 

Hvouargvri  Ni'trico-Ox'yduk,  Hydrargy- 
rus nitra'tus  ruber,  Mercu'rius  corrosi'vus  ruber, 
Mercurius  pracipita'tus  corrosivus,  M.  prsecipi- 
ta'tus  ruber.  Area' nam  eoralli'num,  Mercurvus 
eornUi'nus,  Pull  vis  prill' cipis,  Prsecipita'tus  ruber, 
Oxfydvm  hydrar1  gyri  comple'tum,  0.  hydrar- 
gyr'icum,  Panacea  mercurii  rubra,  Pulvis 
Jnnu'nis  de  Vigo,  Oxo'des  hydrargyri  rubrum, 
llyperoxn'des  hydrargyri,  Nitric  oxide  of  mer- 
cury, Red  precip'itate,  Ox'ydum  hydra/ gyri 
nit'ricum,  Oxydum  hydrargyri  rubrum  per  uc" - 
idum  nit'ricum,  (F.)  Oxide  niiriepie  de  mereure. 


HYDRARGYRI  OXYDI  MURIAS,  &c.    386    HYDRARGYRI  SULPHURETUM.&c. 


It  is  a  stimulant  and  escharotic,  and  used  as 
such  in  foul  ulcers,  being  sprinkled  on  the 
part,  in  fine  powder,  or  united  with  lard  into 
an  ointment. 

Hydrargyri  Oxydi  Murias  Ammoniacalis. 
Hydrargyrum  pracipilatum —  h  Oxodes  ru- 
brum,  Hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydum — h  Oxydu- 
lum  nigrum,  H.  Oxydum  cinereum — h.  Oxy- 
duin  nigrum,  H.  oxydum  cinereum. 

Hydrargviii  Oxydum  Cine'reum,  Oxydum 
hydrargyri  nigrum,  JE'thiops  per  se,  Mercu- 
rius  niger  Moscati,  Oxydum  hydrargyrtf sum, 
Oxydum  liydrargyr'icum  preecipita'tum,  Oxyd' - 
vlum.  hydrnr' gyri  nigrum,  Pulvls  mereuria' Lis 
cine'reus,  Mercurius  cine'reus,  Turpe'thum  ni- 
grum, Mercurius  prseci pita' tus  nigcr,  Gray  or 
black  oxide  of  Mercury,  (F.)  Oxide  de  mercure 
cendre,  Oxide  gris  ou  noir  de  mercure.  This 
oxide  is  made  in  various  ways.  It  may  be 
formed  by  boiling  submuriale  of  mercury  in 
lime  water.  The  dose  of  this  Pulois  Hi/drar- 
gyri  cinereus,  is  from  two  to  ten  grains.  There 
are  four  other  preparations  of  it  in  estimation, 
viz  :  —  Plenck's  solution,  made  by  rubbing  mer- 
cury with  mucilage.  2.  By  rubbing  equal  parts 
of'san.'ir  and  mercury  together,  3.  A  compound 
of  honey  or  liquorice  and  purified  mercury.  4. 
The  blue  pill  and  ointment.  All  these  possess 
the  usual  properties  of  mercury. 

The  Hydrargyri  Oxidant  JVigrum  of  the  Ph. 
U.  S.  is  made  as  follows: — Hydrarg.  chlorid. 
mil.,  Polassce  aa,  5iv,  Aquae  Oj.  Dissolve  the 
Potassa  in  the  water,  allow  the  dregs  to  sub- 
side, and  pour  offthe  clear  solution.  To  this  add 
the  chloride,  and  stir  constantly  till  the  black 
oxide  is  formed,  Pour  off  the  supernatant  li- 
quor, wash  the  black  oxide  with  distilled  water, 
and  dry  with  a  gentle  heat. 

The  Mercurius  solu'bilis  of  Hahnemann  is 
formed  from  a  black  oxide  of  Mercury.  It  is 
the  Mercurius  solu'bilis  Hakneman'ni  seu  oxi- 
dum  hydrargyri  nigri  median' te  ammo'nia  ex- 
prolonitra' te  hydrar'gyri  prmcipita'tum.  It  is 
used  in  the  same  cases  as  the  Hydrargyri  oxj'- 
dum  cinereum. 

Hydrargyri  Oxydum  JN'ighum  Mediante 
Ammonia  ex  Protonitratf. Hydrargyri  Pr^e- 
cipitatum,  see  H.  oxydum  cinereum — h.  Oxy- 
dum nitricum, Hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydum. 

Hydrargyri  Oxydum  Rubrum,  Mercurius 
calcine/ tus,  Hydrarayrus  Calcinatus,  (F.)  Oxide 
de  mercure  rouge,  Red  oxide  of  mcf 'cury.  (Hy- 
drarg. _:|xxxvj;  acid  nitric,  f.  ,^xiv;  aqua  Oij. 
Dissolve  the  mercury,  with  a  gentle  heat  in  the 
acid  and  water  previously  mixed,  and  evapo- 
rate to  dryness.  Rub  into  powder,  and  heat 
in  a  very  shallow  vessel  till  red  vapours  cease 
to  rise.— Ph.  U.  S.) 

It  is  stimulant  and  escharotic;  and,  in  large 
doses,  emetic.  Owing  to  the  violence  of  its 
operation  it  is  seldom  given  internally,  but  is 
chiefly  used  as  an  escharotic. 

Hydrargyri  Oxydum  Rubuum  per  Acidum 
Nitp. i cum, Hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydum — h. Oxy- 
dum saccharatum,  Hydrargyrum  saccharatum 
— h. Oxydum  sulphuricum,  Hydrargyrus  vitrio- 
latus. 

Hydrargyri  Oxymu'kias,  II.  Cldo'ridum 
Corrosi'vum  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Hydrar1  gyrus  muriu'- 
tus,  Murias  hydrargyri  corrosi'vus,  Marias  hy- 
drargyri ox'jgcnu'tus,  Sublima'tus  corrosivus, 
Mercurius  corrosivus,  Mercurius  corrosivus  sub- 
lima'tus, Biclih/ride  of  mercury,  Hydrargyri  per- 


mu'rias,  Supermu'rias  hydrurgyri,  Murias  hy- 
drargyri La  si  oxydi  imperfec'ti,  Murias  hydrar- 
gyri corrosirum,  (F.)  Muriate  oxygenf  de  Mer- 
cure, Sublime  corrosif,  Oxyrnuriate  of  mercury, 
Corrosive  sublimate.  (Hydrarg.  Ibij.  Acid.  Sul- 
phur. Ibiij.  Sodii  Chlorid.  Ibiss.  Boil  the  mercu- 
ry with  the  sulphuric  acid  until  the  sulphate  of 
mercury  is  left  dry.  Rub  this,  when  cold,  with 
the  chloride  of  sodium,  in  an  earthenware  mor- 
tar; then  sublime  with  a  gradually  increasing 
heat. — Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is  used  as  an  anLisy phili tic 
stimulant  in  venereal  complaints;  old  cutane- 
ous affections,  &c.  Gr.  iij  to  Oj  of  water  is 
a  good  gargle  in  venereal  sore  throats,  or  an  in- 
jection in  gonorrhoea.  Externally,  it  is  applied 
in  cases  of  tetter,  and  to  destroy  fungus,  or  sti- 
mulate old  ulcers.  Dose.  gr.  1-16 to  gr.  1-8  in  pill, 
once  in  twenty-four  hours.  White  of'ejrg  is  the 
best  antidote  to  it,  when  taken  in  an  overdose. 

PI  ydrargyri  Perm uri as, Hydrargyri oxy mu- 
rias— h.  Proto-ioduretum,  see  Iodine — h.  Proto- 
tartras.  H.  tartras — h.  Prussias,  H.  cyanuretum 
— h.  Saccharum  vermifugum,  Hj'drargyrum 
saccharatum. 

Hydrargyri,  Submu'rias,  H.  Chlo'ridummite, 
Calom'e/as,  C.  Torqucti,  Draco  mitiga'tus,  Sub- 
mu'rias hydrargyri  mitts,  Submu'rias  Hydrar- 
gyri subhnia'tuin,  Mercu'rius  dulcis,  M.  dulcis 
sublimatus;  when  precipitated,  M.  dulcis  precipi- 
la'tus,  Panace'a  Mereuria' lis  (when  nine  times 
sublimed.)  Murias  hydrargyri  dulcis  sublima'tus, 
Mercurius  sublimaius  dulcis,  Aq'uila,  Manna 
Mefallo'rum,  Panchymago' gum  miner1  ale,  P. 
Querceta'nus,  mild  Chloride  of  Mercury,  (F.) 
Mercure  doux,  Protocblorure  de  mercure.  Mild 
chloride  of  mercury  is  thus  directed  to  be  pre- 
pared in  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States. 
Mercury  Ibiv;  Sulphuric  .Icid,  Ibiij;  Chloride  of 
Sodium,  Ibiss;  Distilled  water,  a  sufficient  quan- 
tity. Boil  two  pounds  of  the  mercury  with  the 
sulphuric  acid,  until  the  sulphate  of  mercury  is 
left  dry.  Rub  this,  when  cold,  with  the  re- 
mainder of  the  mercury,  in  an  earthenware 
mortar,  until  they  are  thoroughly  mixed.  Then 
add  the  chloride  of  sodium,  and  rub  it  witli  the 
other  ingredients  till  all  the  globules  disappear: 
afterwards  sublime.  Reduce  the  sublimed 
matter  to  a  very  fine  powder,  and  wash  it  fre- 
quently with  boiling  distilled  water,  till  the 
washings  afford  no  precipitate  upon  the  addi- 
tion of  liquor  ammonite:  then  dry  it.  Proper- 
ties. Antisy philitic  and  sialagogue;  in  large 
doses,  purgative.  -Dose,  one  or  two  grains  given 
at  night  gradually  excite  ptyalism.  Gr.  v  to 
xx,  purge.  Children  bear  larger  doses  than 
adults. 

The  Black  Wash,  Lo'tio  Hydrar'gyri  nigra. 
is  formed  of  calomel,  ^'j,  Lime  water  Oj.  Used 
for  syphilitic  sores. 

Hydrargyri  Submurias  Ammoniatum,  Hy- 
drargyrum prsecipitatum — h.  Subsulphas  flavus, 
Hydrargyrus  vilriolatus — h. Subsulphas  peroxi- 
dati,  Hydrargyrus  vitriolatus — h.  Sulphas,  Hy- 
drargyrus vitriolatus,  H.  S.  flavus.  Hydrargy- 
rus vitriolatus. 

Hydrargyri  Sulpiiure'tum  Nigrum,  Hy- 
drargyrus  vel  meicurius  cum  suL'phure,JEthiop8 
minera'lis,  Hi/drargyrus  e  sul'phur?,  Pulvis 
hypnol'icus,  JEthiops  narcoficus,  (F.)  Sulphure 
de  mercure  noir,  Black  sulphurci  of  m<rcury, 
JEthiops  mineral.  (Hydrarg.,  Sulphur  aa  Ibj. 
Rub  together  till  the  globules  disappear.)    Used 


HYDRARGYRI  SULPHURETUM,  &c.    337         HYDRARGYRUS  VITRIOLATUS 


chiefly  in  scrofulous  and  cutaneous  affections. 
Dose,  gr.  x.  to  i^ss. 

Hydrargyri  Suephurf/tum  Rubrum,  Hy- 
drargyrus sulphuraftus  ruber,  Min'ium  purum, 
Minium  Grxco'rum, Magnes  Epile.p' '  sise,Ammion, 
Purpuris'sum,  Cinnab'aris,  Mercurius  Cinna- 
barinus,  Cinabaris,  Cinaba'rium,  Red  Sulphu- 
ret  of  Merainj,  Cinnabar,  Vermilion,  (F.)  Sul- 
phure  de,  Mercure  rouge,  Cinabre.  {Hydrarg. 
3«1;  Sulphur,  Sviij.  Mix  the  mercury  with  the 
sulphur  melted  over  the  fire;  and  as  soon  as  the 
mass  hegins  to  swell  remove  the  vessel  from 
the  fire,  and  cover  it  with  considerable  force  to 
prevent  combustion.  Rub  the  mass  into  pow- 
der and  sublime.     Ph.  U.S.) 

It  is  antisyphilitic,  but  is  chiefly  used  in  fu- 
migation against  venereal  ulcers  of  the  nose, 
mouth  and  throat; — £ss  being  thrown  on  a  red 
hot  iron.  This  preparation  is  the  basis  of  a 
nostrum,  called  Boerhaave's  Red  Pill. 

Hydrargyri  Supersiurias,  H.  oxymurias. 

Hydrargyri  Tartras,  //.  Proto-Tartras,  Tar- 
trate of  mercury.  Antisyphilitic.  Dose,  one  or 
two  grains  twice  a  day. 

Hydrargyiu  et  Arsenici  Iodidum,  Arsenic 
and  Mercury,  iodide  of. 

HYDRARGYRIA.  Eczema  mercuriale. 

HYDRARGYRIASIS.  Eczema  mercuriale. 

HYDRARGYROSIS.  Eczema  mercuriale. 

HYDRARGYRO-STOMATITIS,  see  Sali- 
vation, mercurial. 

HYDRARGYROTRIPSIS,  Hydrargyrana- 
tripsis. 

HYDRARGYRUM,  Hydrar'gyrusfrom'udu^, 
'water,'  and  a.Qyv%o<;,  'silver;'  Mercu'rius,  Ar- 
gentum  vivum,  A.  nw'bile,  A.  fusum,  A.fugiti'- 
viun,  Fumus  ulbus,  Area  arcano'rum,  Dse'dalns, 
Mater  metallo'rum,  Mercury,  Quicksilver,  (F.) 
Mercure,  M.  cru,  Vif  Argent.  A  fluid,  brilliant 
metal;  of  a  slightly  bluish  white  colour;  fluid 
above — 39°  of  Fahr.  and  under  656°.  S.  g., 
when  liquid,  13  568  (Cavendish;)  easily  oxy- 
dized.  Metallic  quicksilver  does  not  act  on  the 
body, even  when  taken  into  the  stomach.  When 
oxydized  and  combined  with  acids,  it  acts  pow- 
erfully. It  has  been  exhibited  in  cases  of  con- 
striction of  the  bowels  and  in  intussusception, 
from  a  notion  that  it  must  certainly  pass  through 
the  bowels  by  its  gravity.  The  water,  in  which 
mercury  has  been  boiled,  has  been  recommended 
as  a  vermifuge;  but  it  probably  enjoys  no  such 
property,  as  chymical  tests  do  not  exhibit  the 
presence  of  the  metal.  When  the  crude  metal 
is  distilled  in  an  iron  retort,  it  forms  the  Hy- 
drar'gyrum  purifica'tum. 

Hydrargyrum  Ammoniato-Muriaticum,  H 
prtecipitatum — h.  Cyanogenatum,  Hydrargyri 
cyanuretum. 

Hydrargyrum  com  Creta,  (Ph.  U.  S.)  Hy- 
drargyria cum  cretiu  Mercurius  alkali sa'tus, 
Mercury  with  chalk,  (F.)  Mercure  avee  la  crciic, 
JE'thiops  ulcal i fni' tus.  (Hydrarg.  giij;  Crr,tu2 
pracparat.  §v.  Rub  them  together  till  the  glo- 
bules disappear.  Ph.  U.  S.)  A  protoxide  of 
mercury,  formed  by  trituration  with  carbonate 
of  lime.  It  is  somewhat  uncertain;  and  conse- 
quently not  much  employed  as  a  mercurial.  It 
possesses  the  properties  of  the  black  oxide  of 
mercury,  and  may  be  advantageously  exhibited 
in  cases  of  diarrhoea  in  children,  dependent 
upon  acidity  and  vitiated  secretions.  Dose,  gr. 
v  to  cjss,  twice  a  day,  in  any  viscid  substance. 


Hydrargyrum  cum  Magnf/sia  of  the  DuL 
lin  Pharmacopoeia  resembles  it  in  properties. 

Hydrargyrum  Hydrocyanicum,  Hydranryri 
cyanuretum — h.  Iodatum,  see  Iodine — h.  Ioda- 
tum  flavum,  see  Iodine — h.  Iodatum  rubrum, 
see  Iodine — h.  Iodidulatum,  see  Iodine — h.  Pe- 
riodatum,  see  Iodine. 

Hydrargyrum  Pr.«cipita'tum,  H.ummoniu'- 
tum,  (Ph.  U.  S.)  Hijilrurgyrum  ammonia' to  mu- 
rine1 icum,  Mercurius  cosmei'icus,  Mu'rias  oxidi 
hydrargyri  ammoniaca'lis,  Submit' rias  ammavi'- 
aco-hydruroyr' "tens ,  Calx  Hydrargxjri  alba,  Sub- 
mu'rias  Hydrargyri  ammonia! turn— S.  H.  Pric- 
cipita'tum — Mimas  h  ydrargyri  sub-orygena'tus 
prascipilatio'ne,  para'lus,  Prseci pita' turn  album, 
White  precip' itale  of  Mercury,  White  precipitate, 
Calcina'ium  majus  Pote'rii,  (F.)  Sous-muriate,  de 
mercure  precipitc  ou  Precipitc  bla.nc.  (Hydrarg. 
chlorid.  corros.  .^vj,  aqux  destillat.  cong.,  Liquor 
ammonise  f.#^viij.  Dissolve  the  chloride  in  the 
water,  with  the  aid  of  heat,  and  to  the  solution, 
when  cold,  add  the  solution  of  ammonia,  fre- 
quently stirring.  Wash  the  precipitate  till  it  is 
tasteless,  and  dry  it. — Ph.  U.  S.) 

A  peroxide,  combined  with  muriatic  acid  and 
ammonia,  forming  a  triple  salt.  It  is  used  in 
powder,  to  destroy  vermin;  and,  united  with 
lard,  for  the  same  purpose,  as  well  as  in  scabies 
and  some  other  cutaneous  affections. 

Hydrargyrum  Sacchara'tvm,  JE'thiops  sac- 
chara'tus,  Mercu'rius  sacchara'tus,  Ox'idum  hy- 
drargyri sacchara'lum,  Sac'charum  hydrargyri 
vcrmif'ugum.  A  mild  mercurial  formula  in 
several  of  the  Pharmacopceiasof  continental  Eu- 
rope; formed  by  triturating  one  part  of  mercury 
with  two  of  white  sugar.  It  is  used  in  the  ve- 
nereal affections  of  children. 

HYDRARGYRUS,  Hydrargyrum. 

Hydraugyrus  Aceta'tus,  Sperma  mercu'rii, 
Terra  folut'ta  mercuri.i,  Mercurius  aceta'tus,  Hy- 
drargyri Ace'tas,  Jlcetas  vel  Proto-ace'tus  Hy- 
drargyri, Ad'elate  of  mercury.  This  was  the 
basis  of  Keyser's  pills,  and  was  once  much  cele- 
brated in  the  cure  of  the  venereal  disease. 
The  dose  is  from  three  to  five  grains,  but  it  is 
not  much  used. 

The  formula  for  Keyser's  anti-venereal  pills 
was  as  follows:  Hydrarg.  Acet.  §iv,  Manna 
^xxx,  Amyl.  J|ij,  Mac.  G.  Trag.  q.  s.  into'  pills 
0I*gr-  v'j-  each.     Dose,  two  pills. 

Hydrargyrus  Caecinatus,  Hydrargyri  oxy- 
dum  rubrum — h.  cum  Creta,  Hydrargyrum 
cum  creta — h.  Muriatus,  Hydrargyri  oxymu- 
rias— h.  .Nitratus  ruber,  Hydrargyri  nitrico^ 
oxydum. 

Hydrargyrus  Phosphora'tus,  Phosphuret'- 
ted  mercury.  This  preparation  has  been  recom- 
mended in  cases  of  inveterate  venereal  ulcers, 
but  it  is  now  scarcely  used. 

Hydrargyrus  Sulpiiuratus  Ruber,  Hy- 
drargyri sulphureturn  rubrum — h.  cum  Sul- 
phure,  Hydrargyri  sulphureturn  nigrum — h.  e 
Sulphure,  Hydrargyri  sulphureturn  nigrum. 

Hydrargyrus  Vitriola'tus,  Turpc'thum  mi- 
nera'le,  Mercurius  emet'icus  flavus,  Calx  rucrcu- 
rii  vitriola'ta,  Mercurius  caus'ticus  ftavus,  M. 
lutevs,  Hydrargyri  sulphas,  H.  S.  ftavus,  (Ph.  U. 
S.)  Subsulphas  Hydrargyri  ftavus,  Oxydum  hy- 
drargyri sutphu'ricum,  Subsul'phas  hydrargyri 
peroxida'ti,  Turbith  min'eral.  (F  )  Sous-siilfile 
de  mercure  ou  turbith  mineral.  (Hydrarg.  giv, 
Acid.  Sulph.  §vj.  Mix  in  a  glass  vessel  and 
boil  in  a  sand  bath,  till  a  dry  white  mass  re- 


HYDRARTHRUS 


383 


HYDROCEPHALUS  INTERNUS 


mains.  Rub  this  into  powder,  and  throw  it  into 
boiling1  water.  Pour  oft'  the  liquor,  and  wash 
the  yellow  precipitated  powder  repeatedly  with 
hot  water;  then  dry  it— Ph.  U.  S.)  Two  grains 
of  this  mercurial  act  on  the  stomach  violently. 
It  is  sometimes  recommended  as  an  errhine  in 
amaurosis. 

HYDRAR'THRUS,  Hydarthrus,  Hydrar'- 
thrus  synovia'  lis ,  Hydrops  articulo'rum,  Hydur'- 
thron,  Hydar'tkros,  Melice'ria,  Spina  vento'sa  of 
Rhazes  and  Avicenna,  Arthritis  Hydar'tkros, 
Hydarthro'sis,  Emmyx'ium  articula're,  Gonoc- 
aee,  Tumor  a/bus,- — White  swelling ;  from  'vdwn, 
'water,'  and  ccq&qw,  'a  joint.'  (F.)  Turneur 
blanche,  T.  lymphatique  des  articulations.  The 
French  surgeons  apply  the  term  Hydrartkrus  to 
dropsy  of  the  articulations.  White  swelling  is 
an  extremely  formidable  disease.  It  may  attack 
any  one  of  the  joints;  but  is  most  commonly 
met  with  in  the  knee,  the  haunch,  the  foot,  and 
the  elbow,  and  generally  occurs  in  scrofulous 
children.  It  consists,  at  times,  in  tumefaction, 
and  softening  of  the  soft  parts  and  ligaments, 
which  surround  the  joints;  at  others,  in  swell- 
ing and  caries  of  the  articular  extremities  of 
bones ;  or  both  these  states  may  exist  at  the 
same  time..  The  treatment  consists  in  the  em- 
ployment of  counter-irritants;  the  use  of  iodine 
internally  and  externally,  &c. 

HYDRASTIS,  H.  Canadensis. 

Hydras'tis  Canadensis, Hydrastis,  Wamdra 
Canadea'sis,  Hydrophyll'um  verum,  Yellow  Roof, 
Orange  Root,  Yelloiv  Puccoon,  Ground  Rasp'- 
berry,  Yclloio  Paint,  Golden  Seal,  In'dian  paint, 
Eyebalm.     It  is  used  in  Kentucky  as  a  "mouth 


HYDROA'RION,  Hi/drops  ova'rii,  Asci'tes 
ovarii,  A.  sacca'tus,  (F.)  Hydropisie  de  Vovair^ 
from  'vSwq,  '  water,'  and  <otwtov,  '  ovarium.' 
Dropsy  of  the  ovarium. 

HYDROBLEl'H'ARON,  Hy' drops  Pal'pe- 
broe,  Blcphcra.de' ma  aqua! sum.  An  oedema  or 
watery  swelling  of  the  eyelids;  from  'v<foo, 
'  water,'  and  pXttpaqcv,  'eyelid.' 

HYDROCARDIA,  Hydropericardium. 

HYDROCE'LE,  Hydrops  Scroti,  OscheoceM, 
Oscheopliy'ina,  H  yd.ro?'' chis ,  Hydroschcnnie,  (All- 
bert,)  from  'vSuq,  'water,'  and  ktj2.ii,  'a  tumour.' 
A  collection  of  serous  fluid  in  the  cellular  texture 
ofthe  scrotum  or  in  some  ofthe  coverings, either 
of  the  testicle  or  spermatic  cord.  To  the  first  of 
these  varieties  the  names — External  Hydrocele, 
H.oe.demato'des,  (F.)  H. par  infiltru Hon  have  been 
given  ;  and  to  the  second,  those  of  Hydroce'lS  in- 
terna, H.  tu'nicse  vagina  lis  tes'tis,  Hydrcl'ytron, 
(F.)  H. par  epanckcment.  When  the  collection 
occurs  in  the  envelope  ofthe  testicle,  it  is  called 
H.  of  the  tunica  vaginalis,-  and  the  epithet  con- 
genital is  added,  when  the  interior  ofthe  mem- 
brane, in  which  it  is  situate,  still  communicates 
freely  with  the  cavity  ofthe  abdomen.  When 
it  exists  in  the  spermatic  cord,  it  is  called  en- 
cysted,  or  diffused  Hydrocele  of  the  spermatic 
cord,  as  the  case  may  be.  The  tumour  of  the 
distended  scrotum  is  oblong:  greater  below 
than  above;  indolent  and  semi-transparent. 
When  it  becomes  inconveniently  large,  the 
fluid  may  be  evacuated  by  puncturing  with  a 
trocar,  but,  as  the  fluid  collects  again,  ttois 
operation  can  only  be  considered  palliative. 
The  radical  cure  consists,  usually,  in  injecting, 


water,' and  as  an  outward  application  in  wounds,  j  through   the   canula  of  the   trocar,  which  h 


and  local  inflammations. 

HYDRELiE'ON,  Hijdrolce'um,  from  <vdwq, 
'water,'  and  tXaiov,  'oil.'  A  mixture  of  water 
and  oil. 

HYDRELYTRON,  see  Hydrocele. 

HYDRENCEPHALOCELE,Hydrocephalus 
chronicus. 

HYDRENCEPH'ALOID,  from  'uSwq,  'wa- 
ter,'  tyy.apaXo;,  'the  brain,'  and  mSog,  'resem- 
blance.' Resembling  hydrencephalus.  Spu'- 
rious  hydrocephalus.  Disorders  of  the  bowels, 
and  exhaustion  in  children, are  at  times  attended 
with  hydrencephaloid  svmptoms. 

HYDRENCEPHALUS,  Hydrocephalus  in- 
ternus. 

HYDRENTEROCE'LE,  from  <v3wq,  'wa- 
ter,' tvrtqor,  'intestine,'  and  107*17,  'a  tumour.' 
Intestinal  hernia,  the  sac  of  which  encloses 
fluid. 

HYDRIATRIA,  Hydrosudotherapeia. 

HYDRIODAS  KALICUS,  see  Potassse  hy- 
driodas. 

HYDRIODIC  ACID,  see  Acid,  hydriodic. 

H YDRO'A,  Hidro'a,  Aqu'ula,  Boa,  from  'vSuq, 
'water.'  An  affection,  which  consists  in  an 
accumulation  of  water  or  serous  fluid  under  the 
epidermis.  Some  have  used  hydro'a  synony- 
mously with  sudatnina;  (q.  v.)  others  with  pem- 
phigus. In  the  first  case,  it  has  generalljr,  how- 
ever, been  written  hidro'a,  from  'iSnw?,  'sweat,' 
and  in  the  latter  hydro'a.     See  Hydatid. 

HYDRCLE'MIA,  Hydremia,-  from  'v8wq, 
'water,'  and  'ett/ua,  'blood.'  Anasmia.  The 
state  ofthe  blood  in  which  the  watery  constitu- 
ents are  in  excess. 

HYDROAEROPLEURIE,  Hydropneumo- 
thorax. 


been  left  in  after  puncturing,  some  irritating 
liquid,  as  wine.  This  is  kept,  in  the  tunica  va- 
ginalis for  a  few  minutes,  and  then  withdrawn. 
The  coat  inflames;  adhesion  takes  place,  and 
the  cavity  is  obliterated. 

Hydrocele  Pekitonjei,  Ascites — h.  Spinalis, 
Hydrorachis. 

HYDRO  CEPHALEAlGUE,HydTocephi\as 
internus. 

HYDR 0 CEPHALOECTASIE,  Hydrocepha- 
lus  chronicus. 

HYDROCEP'HALUS,  Hydroctph' alum,  Hy- 
droccph'ale,  from  'uc5o><>,  '  water.'  and  xf^aAi;, 
'  the  head.'  Water  in  the  head,  Dropsy  of  Ike 
head,  Hydrops  Cap'itis,  Dropsy  of  the  brain. 
A  collection  of  water  within  the  head.  It  may 
be  internal  or  external. 

Hydrocephalus  Acutus,  H.  internus— h. 
Externus,  H.  chronicus — h.  Meningeus,  H.  in- 
ternus. 

Hydrocephalus  Chron'icus,  Hydrencephalo- 
ce'le.  Hydrops  Cap'itis,  Hydrocephalus  externus, 
(F.)  Hydrocephale,  Hydrocephaloectusie,  of  some, 
commonly  commences  at  an  enr]y  period  of  ex- 
istence, and  the  accumulation  of  fluid  gradually 
produces  distension  of  the  brain,  and  of  the 
skull,  with  separation  of  the  sutures.  It  com- 
monly proves  fatal  before  puberty. 

Hydrocephalus  Externus  of  some  is  a  mere 
infiltration  into  the  subcutaneous  cellular  tissue 
of  the  cranium. 

Hydrocephalus  Inter'nus,  Hydrocephalus 
acu'tus,  H.  meninge'us,  Hydrops  cer'ebri,  Ence- 
phalal'gia  hydro// ica,  Encephati tis  exsudato'riu, 
Phrenic1  uh  hydrocephalica,  Hydrenceph'alus,  Fe- 
bris  Hydroccphul'ica,  Apopkx'ia  kydrocephaticd, 
i  Cams  hydrocephalus,  (F.)  Hydrocephale  aigue, 


HYDROCEPHALUS  SPURIUS 


389 


HYDROGEN,  CARBURETTED 


Pierre  cirdbrale  des  Enfans,  is  generally  seated, 
according  to  modern  observers,  in  the  meninges 
and  surface  of  the  encephalon,  and  is  a  tuber- 
cular meningitis,  Meningi'tis  tuberculo'sa,  En- 
cep/i'alustrumosis,  (F.)  Miningitc  tuberculeuse  ou 
granuleuse.  It  is  observed  particularly  in  child- 
hood. Its  march  is  extremely  acute  and  often 
very  rapid  ;  admitting,  generally,  however,  of 
division  into  three  stages.  The  symptoms  of 
the  first  stage  are  those  of  general  febrile  irrita- 
tion, with  head-ache,  intolerance  of  light  and 
sound,  delirium,  &c.  Those  of  the  second, 
which  generally  denote,  that  the  inflammation 
has  ended  in  effusion,  are,  great  slowness  of 
pulse,  crying  out  as  if  in  distress,  moaning, 
dilated  pupil,  squinting,  &c;  and  lastly,  in  the 
third  stage; — profound  stupor,  paralysis,  con- 
vulsions, involuntary  evacuations,  quick  pulse. 
and  frequently  death.  The  disease  is  of  uncer- 
tain duration;  sometimes,  destroying  in  two  or 
three  days ;  at  others,  extending  to  two  or  three 
weeks.  The  prognosis  is  unfavourable.  The 
treatment  must  be  most  active  during  the  stage 
of  excitement, —  precisely  that  which  is  neces- 
sary in  phrenitis.  In  the  second  stage,  the  indi- 
cation is;  —  to  promote  the  absorption  of  the 
effused  fluid.  This  must  be  done  by  counter- 
irritants,  and  mercury,  chiefly.  On  dissection, 
water  is  generally  found  in  the  ventricles,  or 
at  the  base  of  the  brain;  or  there  are  evidences 
of  previous  vascular  excitement,  as  effusions  of 
coagulable  lymph,  &c. 

Hydrocephalus  Spurius,  Hydrencephaloid, 
(disease.) 
HYDROCHLORATE  DOR.  see  Gold. 
HYDROCHLORIDES  NATRICUS,  Soda, 
muriate  of. 

HYDROCIRSOCE'LE,  Hygrocirsocele,  from 
lvduiQ,  '  water,'  xi^s-og,  'varix,'  nr^.t],  'tumour.' 
A  tumour,  formed  by  the  varicose  distention  of 
the  veins  of  the  spermatic  cord,  and  by  the  ac- 
cumulation of  serous  fluid  in  the  cellular  tex- 
ture of  the  scrotum. 

HYDROCOTYLE  UMBELLATUM,  Acari- 
Coba. 

HYDROCYANIC  ACID,  Ac"idum  Hydro- 
cyan' icum;  from  'vSujq,  'water,'  and  kvuvoq,  'blue,' 
Prussia  Acid,  Acidum  Prus'sicum,  A.  Borvs'si- 
cum,  A.  Zoot'  icum,  A.  Zobtin'icum,  Cyano/u/dric 
Acid,  Cyanhif  dric  Jlcid.  This  acid  exists  in  a 
great  variety  of  native  combinations  in  the 
vegetable  kingdom,  and  imparts  to  them  certain 
properties,  which  have  been  long  known  and 
esteemed;  as  in  the  bitter  almond,  Cherry  laurel, 
leaves  of  the  Peach  tree,  kernels  of  fruit,  pips 
of  apples,  &c.  When  concentrated,  it  is  liquid, 
colourless,  of  a  strong  smell  and  taste,  at  first 
cool,  afterwards  burning.  Its  s.  g.  at  7°  centi- 
grade, is  0.7058.  It  is  very  volatile,  and  enters 
into  ebullition  at  !260.5,  Cent.  It  speedily  un- 
dergoes decomposition,  sometimes  in  less  than 
an  hour,  and  consists  of  a  peculiar  gazeous  and 
highly  inflammable  compound  of  carbon  and 
azote,  to  which  the  name  Cyanogen  has  been 
assigned;  and  of  hydrogen,  which  acts  as  the 
acidifying  principle: — hence  its  name  Hydro- 
cyanic acid.  In  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United 
States,  (184'2,)  two  formulae  for  its  preparation 
are  given, — the  one  from  the  Ferro-cyanuret 
of  Potassium;  the  other  from  the  Cyanuret  of 
Silver.  According  to  Magendie,  the  acid,  pre- 
pared after  Scheele's  method — the  one  in  com- 
mon use — is  of  irregular  medicinal  power;  he, 


therefore,  recommends  Gay  Lussac's  acid,  di- 
luted with  G  times  its  volume,  or  8.5  times  its 
weight  of  distilled  water,  for  medicinal  pur- 
poses, and  this  he  calls  Medicinal  Prussic  Acid. 
Dr.  Ure  has  proposed,  that  the  specific  gravity 
should  indicate  that  which  is  proper  for  me- 
dicinal exhibition ;  and,  after  comparative  ex- 
periments of  the  gravity  of  the  acids,  obtained 
by  different  processes,  he  states,  that  the  acid, 
usually  prescribed,  is  of  s.  g.  O.D'JG  or  0.1)97. 
Great  caution  is,  however,  necessary.  One 
drop  of  pure  prussic  acid  may  instantly  destroy, 
and  the  animal  show  hardly  any  traces  of  ir- 
ritability, a  few  moments  after  death.  It  has 
been  advised  in  tracheal  phthisis,  in  pulmonary 
phthisis,  pulmonary  inflammation  and  irrita- 
tion, dyspepsia,  uterine  affections,  hectic  cough, 
cancer,  chronic  rheumatism,  and  mania,  and  as 
a  local  remedy  in  impetiginous  affections;  but, 
although  possessed  of  powerful  sedative  proper- 
ties, it  is  so  unmanageable  and  the  preparation 
so  uncertain,  that  it  is  not  much  used.  The 
Dose  of  Scheele's  Acid,  or  of  the  Medicinal 
Prussic  Acid,  is  from  a  quarter  of  a  drop  to  two 
drops. 

HYDROCYS'TIS,  from  'vSu-q,  'water,'  and 
xvarig,  'a  bladder.'  A  cyst  containing  a  watery 
or  serous  fluid. 

HYDRODERMA,  Anasarca. 
HYDRODES.  Aqueous. 
HYDRO-ENC&PHALORRH&E,  Apoplexy, 
serous. 

HYDRO-ENTERO-EPIPLOCE'LE,i^-f/ro- 
epiplo-enteroce'lS;  from  'vdw%,  'water,'  ivteqgv, 
'  intestine,'  and  smnZoor,  '  omentum.'  Enlero- 
epiplocele,  the  sac  of  which  contains  a  serous 
fluid. 

HYDRO-ENTERO  EPIPLOMPHALUM. 
from  'vSoq,  'water,'  trrtgor,  'an  intestine,' 
tTtinXooy,  '  the  caul,'  and  oiapaXog,  'the  navel.' 
Umbilical  hernia,  the  sac  of  which  contains  in- 
testine, epiploon,  and  serum. 

H  Y  DRO-EJSTEROM'PHALUM,  Hydrente- 
rom'phalum;  from  'vSwq,  '  water,'  erTtyov,  '  an 
intestine,'  and  o^upaXog,  '  the  umbilicus.'  Her- 
nia umbilicalis;  the  sac  of  which  contains  in- 
testine and  serum. 

HYDRO-EPIPLO-EiNTEROCELE,  Hydro- 
entero-epiplocele. 

HYDRO-EPIPLOCE'LE,  from  'vS^,  'water,' 
int7rXoov,  'omentum,'  and  xj^>/,  'a  tumour.' 
Hernia,  formed  by  omentum;  the  sac  of  which 
contains  serum. 

HYDRO  EPIPLOMPH'ALUM,  from  'vSwq, 
'  water,'  i-rririKoor,  '  the  omentum,'  and  o^cpaXog, 
'  the  umbilicus.'  Umbilical  hernia;  the  sac  of 
which  contains  epiploon  and  serum. 

HYDROG'ALA,  from  'vdwg,  'water,'  and 
yaAa,  '  milk.'  A  mixture  of  water  and  milk. 
HYDROGASTER,  Ascites. 
HY'DROGEN,  Hydrogen' ium,  Injlani'mablc 
air,  Phlogis' ton,  Princip'ium,  hydrogenet' icum, 
P.  hydroi'icum,  from  'uJoo,  '  water,'  and  yevraw, 
'  I  produce.'  This  gas,  when  breathed,  proves 
fatal  from  containing  no  oxygen.  When  di- 
luted with  two-thirds  of  atmospheric  air,  it 
occasions  some  diminution  of  muscular  power 
and  sensibility,  and  a  reduction  of  the  force  of 
the  circulation.  It  has  been  respired  in  caiarrh, 
haemoptysis,  and  phthisis. 

H  yd  no  gen,  Car  buret  ted, — obtained  by 
passing  the  vapour  of  water  over  charcoal,  at 
the  temperature  of  ignition,  in  an  iron  tube — 


HYDROGEN,  SULPHURETTED         390 


HYDROPHOBIA 


has  been  found  possessed  of  similar  properties, 
when  diluted,  and  has  been  used  in  like  cases. 

Hydrogen,  Sulphuretted,  Hyclrotla'on,  Gaz 
heput'icum,  Gaz  hydrogen' ium  sulphura! turn,  Me- 
■pki.'lis  hepat'ica  may  be  disengaged  from  any 
of  the  sulphurets  by  the  addition  of  a  strong 
acid.  It  is  a  violent  poison,  but  has  been  re- 
commended to  be  inhaled,  diluted,  to  allay  the 
increased  irritability  which  occasionally  exists 
after  diseases  of  the  lungs.  See  Hydro-sulphu- 
retted Water. 

HYDROGENESES.  Baumes  gives  this 
name  to  diseases  which  he  fancifully  considers 
to  depend  upon  disturbed  hydrogenation.  In  it 
he  includes  intermittent  and  remittent  fevers. 

HYDROGENO-SULPHURETUM  ammo- 
NIACLE  LIQUIDUM,  Ammonia)  sulphuretum. 

HYDROGLOSSA,  Ranula. 

HYDROHE'MIE,  Anaemia. 

HYDROLjEUM,  Hydrelseon. 

HYDROLAPATHUM,  Rumex  hydrolapa- 
thum. 

HYDROLATA,  Aqua?  deslillate. 

HYDROLATS,  Aqua?  destillatas. 

HYDROL'OGY,  Hydrolog"ia;  from  W<«g, 
'  water,'  and  Xoyog,  '  a  discourse.'  A  treatise  on 
waters.  By  the  term  Medical  Hydrol'ogy  is 
meant  that  part  of  physics,  whose  object  is  the 
study  of  water,  considered  as  it  respects  medi- 
cine; and  consequently  embracing  that  of  mi- 
neral waters.  Medical  Hydrography  comprises 
the  study  of  the  influence  exerted  by  the  seaoi 
by  navigation  on  the  health  of  man. 

HYDROLOT1F,  Lotion. 

HYDROMA'JNIA,  from  'vdw£,  'water,'  and 
/maua,  '  mania.'  A  name  given  by  Strambi  to 
Pellagra  in' which  the  patient  has  a  strong 
propensity  to  drown  himself. 

HYDRO  MEDIASTI'NUM,  Hydrops  medi- 
astini  Effusion  of  serous  fluid  into  the  medi- 
astinum. 

HYDROM'ELI,from<u<?<;>?,'  water,'  and  uO.i, 
•'honey.'  Aqua  mulsa,  Mel.ti'tis,  Mtilsurn,  Me- 
lid r alum,  Braggart,  Medo.  A  liquid  medicine, 
prepared  with  an  ounce  and  a  half  of  honey  an* 
a  pint  of  tepid  water.  It  is  used  as  a  demulcent 
and  laxative,  and  is  generally  known  under  the 
names  Simple  hi/'dromel,  Vinous  hy'drontel,  Mead, 
Hydrom'eJi  vino' sum.  It  is  a  drink  made  by  fer- 
menting honey  and  water,  and  is  much  used  in 
some  countries. 

HYDROMETER,  Areometer 

HYDROM  E'TRA,  Hydrops  u'leri;  from  'v*o>t>, 
'water,'  and  jtjj-rga,  'the  womb.'  Dropsy  of  the 
womb.  A  disease  characterized  by  circum- 
scribed protuberance  in  the  hypogastri'im, — 
with  obscure  fluctuation, — progressively  en- 
larging-, without  ischnry  or  pregnancy.  If  it 
ever  occur,  it  must  be  a  rare  disease. 

II Y  DROM'PH  A  LU M ,  Hydrops  umUliatlis, 
Exom'phalus  aauo'sus,i'tom  'vS<*$,  'water,'  and 
tpfuloQ,  'the  navel.'  A  tumour,  formed  by 
the  accumulation  of  serum  in  the  sac  of  umbi- 
lical hernia;  or  simply  by  distension  of  the  na- 
vel in  cases  of  ascites 

HYDROMYRIN'GA,  from  'ur!u>>,  'water,' 
and  myringa  or  myrinz,  '  the  mem  bran  a  tym- 
pant.'  Dropsy  of  the  drum  of  the  ear;  giving 
rise  to  difficulty  of  hearing, — 'Dys/cx'a  hy- 
drop' tea 

HYDRONEPHROSIS;  (F)  Hydronepkrose, 
Hydiorcnule  distension,  from  '  u,)mp,  '  water,' 
and  viypog,  'kidney.'     An  accumulation  in  the 


kidney,  owing  to  the  obstruction  of  the  tubes  of 
the  papillae. —  Rayer. 

HYDRONOSUS,  Hydrops. 

HYDROPATHY,  Hydrosudolherapeia. 

HYDROPEDE'SIS,from  '  v8o>£, '  water,'  and 
jiijdaw, '  I  break  out.'  Ephidro'sis,  (q.  v.)  Ex- 
cessive sweating. 

H  YDROPEGE,  Water,  spring. 

HYDROPERICARDITiS,  Hydroperiear- 
d  i  u  m . 

H YDROPE RIC A  R'D I UM,  Hydropericardia, 
Hydropericardi'tis,  from  lvdw%,  '  water,'  and  pt- 
ricurdium  ,-  Hydrops  Pericardii,  Hydrocar'dia, — 
Dropsy  of  the  per icar'dium.  (F.)  Hydropisie  du 
Pericarde.  This  is  not  a  common  disease.  Pal- 
pitations; irregular  or  intermitting  pulse;  ex- 
cessive dyspnoea,  amounting  often  to  orthopncea, 
and  dulness  over  a  large  space  on  percussion, 
will  cause  the  pericardium  to  be  suspected. 

The  treatment  is  that  of  dropsies  in  general. 
It  is,  usually,  however,  of  the  active  kind. 

HYDROPERIO.YE,  from  'uSw^,  'water,' 
nifi,  '  around,'  and  i-ov,  'an  egg,  or  ovum.'  The 
sero-albuminous  substance  secreted  in  the  ute- 
rus, prior  to  the  arrival  of  the  impregnated  ovum 
in  that  cavity. — Breschet. 

HYDROPMlTOJY/E,  Ascites. 

HYDROPHLEGMAS1A  TEXTUS  CEL- 
LULAR1S,  Phlegmasia  alba. 

HY  D  ROPHOB'I  A,  Pa  raphob'ia,  Pkohodip'son, 
Pheu'gydron,  Pheugophubia,  Cynolys'sa,  Aero- 
phobia, Phreni'lis  latrans,  Lyssa  cani'na.  Pan- 
tophobia, Rabies  cani'na,  Erethis'mus  hydmpho- 
bia,  Clonos  hydrophobia,  Hygrophobia,  Canine 
madness,  (F.)  Rage,  from  'vdvin,  'water,'  and 
(/  oftog,  '  dread.' 

The  term  Rabies  is  more  appropriate  for  the 
aggregate  of  symptoms  resulting  from  the  bite 
of  rabid  animals.  Hydrophobia  literally  signi- 
fies, a  'dread  of  water;'  and,  consequently, 
ought  to  be  applied  to  one  of  the  symptoms  of 
rabies,  rather  than  to  the  disease  itself.  It  is  a 
symptom  which  appears  occasionally  in  other 
nervous  affections.  Rabies  is  susceptible  of 
spontaneous  development  in  the  dng,  wolf  cat, 
and  fox,  which  can  thence  transmit  it  to  other 
quadrupeds  or  to  man  ;  but  it  has  not  been 
proved  that  it  can  supervene, — without  their 
having  been  previously  bitten, — in  animals  oi 
other  species;  or  that  the  latter  can,  when  bit- 
ten, communicate  it  to  others.  Many  facts  in- 
duce the  belief,  that  the  saliva  and  bronchial 
mucus  are  the  sole  vehicles  of  the  rabid  virus; 
the  effects  of  which  upon  the  economy  some- 
times appear  almost  immediately  after  the  bite, 
and  are,  at  others,  apparently  dormant  for  a  con- 
siderable period.  The  chief  symptoms  are— a 
sense  of  dryness  and  constriction  of  the  throat; 
excessive  thirst;  difficult  deglutition;  aversion 
for,  and  horror  at,  the  sight  of  liquids  as  well  as 
of  brilliant  objects;  red,  animated  countenance; 
great  nervous  irritability;  frothy  saliva;  giind- 
ing  of  the  teeth,  Ar.c.  Death  most  commonly 
happens  before  the  fifth  day.  Hydrophobia  has 
hitherto  resisted  all  therapeutical  means.  Those 
which  allay  irritation  are  obviously  most  called 
for.  In  the  way  of  prevention,  the  bitten  part 
should  always  be  excised,  where  practicable; 
and  cauterized. 

In  some  cases,  symptoms  like  those  which 
follow  the  bite  of  a  rahid  animal,  are  said  to 
have  come  on  spontaneously.    This  affection 


HYDROPHOBIC 


391 


HYDRORACHTS 


ha3  been  termed  nervous  or  spontaneous  hydro- 
phobia. 

HYDROPHOBIC,  Lyssodectus. 

HYDROPHTHAL'MIA,  from  'vSa%,  <  water,' 
and  o(j-9uXuig,  'the  eye.'  Dropsy  of  the  Eye, 
Hydrops  Oc'uli,  Bupkthafmus,  Oc'utus  Buvi'nus, 
Oculus  Bu'bulus,  Oculus  Etephun'linus,  Ophthal- 
moplo'sis.  Par  op' sis  Staphyloma  simplex,  (F.) 
HydrophiliiUmie,  Hydropisie  de  Va.il.  This  affec- 
tion is  caused,  at  times,  by  an  increase  in  the 
quantity  of  the  aqueous,  at  others,  of  the  vitre- 
ous, humour.  In  the  former  case,  the  iris  is 
concave  anteriorly,  and  pushed  backwards: — 
in  the  latter,  it  is  convex,  and  pushed  forwards. 
Most  commonly,  the  disease  seems  to  depend 
on  both  humours  at  the  same  time.  Ilydroph- 
thalmia  sometimes  affects  both  eyes;  at  others, 
only  one.  Children  are  more  exposed  to  it  than 
adults  or  old  persons.  The  treatment  must  vary 
according  to  the  causes;  its  longer  or  shorter 
duration;  greater  or  less  extent,  &c.  Hence, 
according  to  circumstances,  hydragogue  medi- 
cines,purgatives, general  and  local  blood-letting, 
blisters,  setons,  moxa,  cupping-glasses,  fomen- 
tations, collyria,  and  fumigations  of  different 
kinds  have  been  employed.  When  all  means 
fail,  and  the  disease  continues  to  make  progress, 
the  fluid  may  be  evacuated,  by  a  puncture  made 
with  a  cataract  needle  at  the  lower  part  of  the 
transparent  cornea. 

HYDROPHTHAL'MION.  Same  etymon. 
An  oedernatous  swelling  of  the  conjunctiva  in 
hydropic  persons. 

HYDROPHTHALMUS  CRUENTUS,  Hee- 
mophthalmia. 

HYDROPHYLLUM  VERUM,  Hydrastis 
Canad   nsis. 

mT>RO-PHYSOCE'LE,Hydropneumtitoce'/e, 
from  'uJVg,  'water,'  tpveu,  '  wind,'  and  *»;?.»/, 'a 
tumour.'  Hernia,  which  contains  a  serous  fluid 
and  eas. 

HYDROPHYSOME'TRA;  from  'v^g,  'wa- 
ter,' q>v<raw,  '  I  inflate,'  and  /titjTpa,  '  the  womb  ' 
A  morbid  condition  of  the  womb,  in  which  both 
fluid  and  air  are  contained  in  it 

H  YDROP'l  C,  Hydi  op'icus,—Hy'phydros,  'v<pv- 
fi$o$,  (F.)  Hydropique.  One  labouring  under 
dropsy. 

HYDROPICA,  Hvdragogues. 

HYDRO-PIPER,  Polygonum  hydropiper. 

HYDROPISIE,  Hydrops— A.  du  Bas-ventre, 
Ascites — h.  Cere' bra le sum i true, Apoplexy, Serous 
— It  de  I'CEil,  Hydrophthalmia — h.  de  VOvarie, 
Hydroarion — /(.  du  Peric.ardfi,  Hydropericar- 
dium — h.  dcs  Plerrcs,  Hydrothorax — k.  de  Poi- 
trine,  Hydrothorax — h.  de  la  Visicule  du  Ful. 
Turgescentia  vesica?  felleoe. 

HYDRO  BLEU  HIE.  Hvdrothorax. 

HYDROPxNEUMATOCELE,  Hydrophyso- 
cele. 

HYDROPNEUMO'NIA,  Hydrops  Pulmo- 
nvm.  from  't/JV^,  'water,'  and  Trvtuftoiv,  'the 
lung.'  Infiltration  of  the  lungg.  See  (Edema 
of  the  lungs. 

H  Y  DROPN  E  U  MOSA  R'C  A,  from  'vfoo, 
'water,'  nrivua,  '  wind,  air,'  and  <rae,~,  'flesh.' 
An  iibscess,  containing  water,  air,  and  matters 
similar  to  flesh — M.  A.  Severinus. 

H  Y  DROP  N  E  U  M  O  T  HO'RA  X,  Hydroaero- 
plevr.e,  from  'rj'to/i, '  water,'  wtuftoiv,  'the  lung,' 
and  6u<Q'c.  'the  chest.'  Pneumothorax  with 
effusion  of  Moid  into  the  chest. 

HYDROL'OIDES,  from  'vSwg,  '  water,'  and 


fl-oitw,  'I  make.'     Watery  excretions,  such  as 
sometimes  take  place  inTIydropics. 

HYDROP'OTA,  Pota'tor  Aqua,  from  'vSwg, 
'water,' and  toti^c, 'a  drinker.'  A  Water  Drinker. 
One  who  drinks  only  water,  or  drinks  it  in  an 
extraordinary  quantity. 

HYDROPS,  from  'v3ao,  'water,'  Phlegmdtia, 
Dropsy,  Hy'deros,  Jiffec'tus  hydero'des,  Hydrop'isis, 
Hydron'osus,  (F.)  Hydropisie,  A  preternatural 
collection  of  a  serous  fluid  in  any  cavity  of  the 
body ,  or  in  the  cellular  texture.  When  the  cel- 
lular texture  of  the  whole  body  is  more  or  less 
filled  with  fluid,  the  disease  is  called  Anasarca 
or  heucophle  gviatia ; — and  when  this  variety  is 
local  or  partial,  it  is  called  (Edema.  The  chief 
dropsies,  designated  from  their  seat  are: — Ana- 
sarca, Hydrocephalus,  Hydrorachitis,  Hydrothorax, 
Hydropericardium,  Ascites,  Hydromeira,  Hydro- 
cele, &c.  Encyst' ed  Dropsy,  Hydrops  sacca'tus,  in- 
carceroftus  vel  cys'ticus,  is  that  variety  in  which 
the  fluid  is  enclosed  in  a  sac  or  cyst;  so  that  it 
has  no  communication  with  the  surrounding 
parts.  Dropsy  of  the  Ocarium,  Hydrops  Ovu'rii, 
Asci'tes  Ova'rii,  Asci'tes  sacca'tus,  is  an  in- 
stance of  this  variety.  Dropsy  may  be  active  or 
passive.  The  former  consists  in  an  increased 
action  of  the  exhalants,  so  that  those  vessels 
pour  out  much  more  fluid  than  is  absorbed:  the 
latter  arises  from  a  state  of  atony  of  the  absorb- 
ent vessels,  which  allows  of  an  accumulation  of 
fluid.  It  may  also  be  mechanical,  or  produced 
by  obstructions  to  the  circulation,  as  in  cases  of 
diseased  liver.  Active  dropsy,  occurring  acci- 
dentally in  a  sound  individual,  generally  ends 
favourably.  That  which  supervenes  on  other 
diseases,  or  is  symptomatic  of  some  internal 
affection,  is  rarely  curable.  The  treatment 
consists  in  the  use  of  all  those  remedies,  which 
act  on  the  various  secretions:  so  that  the  de- 
mand being  increased,  the  supply  will  have  to 
be  increased  accordingly;  and  in  this  manner 
some  of  the  collected  fluid  may  be  taken  up  by 
the  absorbents.  To  this  end,  bleeding,  if  the 
dropsy  be  very  active;  purgatives,  diuretics, 
sudorifics,  sialagogues,  &c,  are  the  remedies 
chiefly  depended  upon. 

Hydrops  Abdominis,  Ascites — h.  Abdominis 
aereus,  Tympanites — h.  Articulorum,  Hydrar- 
thrus — h.  Capitis,  Hydrocephalus — h.  Cavitatis 
columnar  vertebralis,  Hydrorachis — h.  Capitis, 
Hydrocephalus  chronic  us — h.  Cellular  is  artuum, 
(Edema — h.  Cellulari3  totius  corporis,  Anasarca 
— h.  Cerebri,  Hydrocephalus  internus — h.  Glot- 
tidis,  CFdema  of  the  Glottis — h.  ad  Matulam, 
Diabetes  —  h.  Mediaslini,  Hydromediastinum 
— h.  Medulla  spinalis,  Hydrorachis — h.  Mete  lite, 
Diabetes — h.Oculi,  Hydrophthalmia — h.  Ovarii, 
Hydroarion — h.  Palpebral,  Hydroblepharon — h. 
Pectoris,  Hydrothorax  —  h.  Pericardii,  Hydro- 
pericardium— h.  Pulmonis,  Hydrothorax  —  h. 
Pulmonum,  Hydropneumonia,  OZdema  of  the 
Lungs — h.  Sacci  lacbrymalis,  Fistula  lachry- 
mals— h.  Scroti,  Hydrocele — h.  Siccus  etflatu- 
lentus,  Tympanites — h.  Spina?,  Hydrorachis — h. 
Thoracis,  Hydrothorax — h.  Tympanites,  Tym- 
panites—h.  Umbilicalis.  Hydroniphalum — h. 
Uteri,  Hydrometra  — h.  Vesicae  fellea?,  Turges- 
centia  vesicular  fellea?. 

HYDROPYR'ETOS,  from  'uefcop,  '  water,' 
and  nvniTog,  'fever.'  Fever  with  sweating. 
Hidropyretos  would  be  more  proper,  from  'k5(>u>c, 
'sweat.'     See" Sudor  Anglicus. 

HYDRORA'CHIS,  from  'idwo,  'water,'  and 


HYDR0RACH1TIS 


392 


HYGROMA 


na/r?, '  the  spine.'  Hydrorrha'chis,  Hydrorachi'- 
tis,  I  lydrorrha' chias,  Hydrops  Cavita'tis  Columns 
Vertebra' lis,  Spina  bifida,  Hydrops  medal' Ix 
spina' lis,  Hydrocele  spina' lis,  Hydrorachi'tis 
spino'sa,  Hydrops  spinas,  Spinolu,  Atebrachid'ia. 
A  soft,  frequently  transparent,  tumour;  formed 
by  the  membranes  of  the  spinal  marrow  being 
distended  and  projecting  backwards  from  the 
vertebral  canal,  the  posterior  paries  of  which  is 
wanting  to  a  certain  extent.  The  disease  is 
often  accompanied  with  paralysis  of  the  lower 
extremities.  It  is  congenital,  and  situate  in  the 
lumbar  or  sacral  regions.  It  is  almost  always 
fatal:— the  tumour  rupturing,  and  death  oc- 
curring instantaneously.  On  dissection,  a  sim- 
ple separation  or  complete  absence  of  the  spi- 
nous processes  of  the  vertebrae  is  perceived, 
with,  at  times,  destruction  or  absence  of  spinal 
marrow.  The  treatment  is  the  same  as  in  hy- 
drocephalus chronicus ;  and,  as  in  it,  advantage 
seems  occasionally  to  have  been  derived  by 
puncturing  with  a  fine  needle. 

HYDRORACHITIS,  Hydrorachis. 
HYDROROHIS,  Hydrocele. 
II YDRORtiJVALE  DISTEArSlOJV,~lljdrone- 
phrosis. 

HYDRORRHAGIE,  Apoplexy,  serous. 
HYDROSAC'CHARUM,  Aqua   sacchara'ta, 
(F.)  Eau  sucre'e.     Sugared  water. 

HYDROSAR'CA,  from  'vSuiq,  'water,'  and 
oaq%,  'flesh.'     A  tumour,  containing  a  fluid,  as 
well  as  portions  of  flesh.   Also,  Anasarca,  (q.  v.) 
HYDROS  ARCOCE'LE,  from  W«o,  'water,' 
aani,,  '  flesh,'  and  *»/^/,  '  a  tumour.'    Sarcohydro- 
celc.     A  tumour,  formed  by  a  sarcocele,  com- 
plicated with  dropsy  of  the  tunica  vaginalis. 
I1YDROSCH&ONIE,  Hydrocele. 
HYDROSTATIC  TEST  OF  INFANTICIDE, 
see  Docimasia. 

HYDROS  UDOPATHY,  Hydrosudothera- 
peia. 

HYDROSUDOTHERAPEI'A,ify</?Va/A?/, 
Hydrosudop'athy,  Hydriatri'a,  from  'lk5w(,j,  'wa- 
ter,' sudo,  'I  sweat,'  and  QiQuntvvu,  'I  remedy.' 
A  badly  compounded  word,  formed  to  express 
the  mode  of  treating  diseases  by  cold  water, 
sweating,  &c. 

HYDROSULPHURET'TED  WATER^m 
hydrosu/phura'ta  simplex,  Aqva  hepat'ica,  (F.) 
Eau  hydrosulphurcc  simple.  (Sulphuret  of  iron 
1000  parts,  sulphuric  acid  2000  parts,  distilled 
water  4000  parts;  add  the  water  to  the  acid,  and 
put  the  sulphuret  of  iron  into  a  retort,  to  which 
a  Wolff's  apparatus  of  5  or  6  vessels  is  adapted ; 
the  last  containing  about  an  ounce  of  polassa, 
dissolved  in  a  quart  of  water.  Pour  the  diluted 
acid  gradually  on  the  sulphuret;  and,  ulti- 
mately, throw  away  the  water  in  the  last  ves- 
sel. Ph.  P.)  It  is  stimulant,  diaphoretic,  and 
deobstruent,  (?)  and  is  used  in  rheumatism,  dis- 
eases of  the  skin,  &c. 

It  has  been,  also,  called  Ac"idum  Hydrothion' - 
icuni  liq'uidum. 

HYDROSULPHURETUM  AMMONIA- 
CUM  AQUOSUM,  Ammonia?  sulphuretum— 
h.  Ammoniacum,  Ammonice  sulphuretum. 
HYDROTHION,  Hydrogen,  sulphuretted. 
HYDROTHO'RAX,  from  'wV«,  'water,'  and 
da>oa£,  'the  chest,'  Hydrops  Thora'cis,  Hydrops 
pectoris,  Hydrops  puhno'nis,  Dyspnm'a  ct  Or- 
thopnea hydrothora'cica,  (F.)  Hydropisie  dc 
Poitrine,  H.  des  Plevrcs,  Dropsy  of  the  Chest. 
Idiopathic  Hydrothorax,  termed   by  Laennec, 


Hydropisie  des  plevres,  Dropsy  of  the  Plcurx,hy 
Piorry,  Hydropleurie,  is  a  veiy  rare  disease,  and 
very  difficult  of  diagnosis.  It  generally  exists 
only  on  one  side;  which,  if  the  fluid  effused  be 
considerable,  projects  more  than  the  other. 
Dyspnoea,  and  fluctuation  perceptible  to  the 
ear,  are  characteristic  symptoms.  When  the 
chest  is  examined  with  the  stethoscope,  respi- 
ration is  found  to  be  wanting  every  where,  ex- 
cept at  the  root  of  the  lung.  The  sound  is  also 
dull  on  percussion. 

Effusion  into  the  chest,  as  a  result  of  inflam- 
mation of  some  thoracic  viscus,  is  as  common 
as  the  other  is  rare.  It  is  usually  a  fatal  symp- 
tom. It  has  been  called  symptomatic  hydro- 
thorax. 

In  Hydrothorax,  the  course  of  treatment, 
proper  in  dropsies  in  general,  must  be  adopted. 
Diuretics  seem,  here,  to  be  especially  useful; 
probably  on  account  of  the  great  activity  of 
pulmonary  absorption.  Paracentesis  can  rarely 
be  serviceable. 

Hydrothorax  Chylosus,  Chylothorax — h. 
Purulentus,  Empyema. 

HYDROTICA,  Hydragogues. 
HYDRO'TIS,  from  'vdwe.,  'water,'  and  tu?, 
gen.  turog, '  the  ear.'     Dropsy  of  the  ear.    Pro- 
perly an  accumulation    of  mucous,   or   muco- 
purulent matter  in  the  middle  ear. 
HYDRURESIS,  Diabetes. 
HYDRURIA,  Diabetes,  see  Urine. 
HYERES.     This  small  town,  agreeably  situ- 
ate on  the  declivity  of  a  hill,  about  2  miles  from 
the  Miditerranean,  and  12  from  Toulon,  is  the 
least  exceptionable  residence  in  Provence  fur 
the  pulmonary  invalid.     It  is  in  some  measure 
protected  from    the  northerly  winds;  but  not 
sufficiently  so  from  the  mistral  to  render  it  a 
very  desirable  residence  for  the  phthisical.    Sir 
James  Clark. 

HYGEA,  Hygiene. 
HYGE1A,  S'anitas. 
HYGEOLOGY,  Hygiene. 
HYGIEIA,  Hygiene,  Sanitas. 
HYGIE1NOS,  Salutary. 
HYGIEIOLOGIA,  Hygiene. 
HYGIENE,  (generally  Anglicised  and  pro- 
nounced Hy'geen,)  from  'uyjtia,' health.'   Hygie'- 
sis,  Hygiei'a;  Hygic'a,Hyge' a, Hygiene,  Conserva- 
ti'va  mcdici'na,  Hygieio/vg"ia,  Hygeol'ogy,  from 
'uyijjc, '  healthy.'     The  part  of  medicine  whose 
object  is  the  preservation  of  health.    It  embraces 
a  knowledge  of  healthy  man,  both  in  society, 
and  individually,  as  well  as  of  the  objects  used 
and  employed  by  him,  with  their  influence  on 
his  constitution  and  organs.     See  Regimen. 

HYGIEN'IC.  Same  etymon.  Relating  to 
Hygiene— as  'hygienic  precautions,  hygienic 
rules,'  &c.  «&c. 

HYGIESIS,  Hygiene. 

HYGRA,  from  'u<5w§, '  water,'  or  'uygo;, '  hu- 
mid.' Liquid  plasters.  Hygremplas'tra. 
HYGREMPLASTRA,  Hvgra. 
HYGROBLEPHAR'ICI,  "from  <Vyt>oc,  'hu- 
mid,' and  (tXtipa^or,  'eyelid.'  Hygrophlliul'  mici. 
The  excretory  ducts  of  the  lachrymal  gland 
have  been  so  called. 

HYGROL'OGY,  HygroJog"ia;  from  'vy^s, 
'humid,'  and  ?.oyoc,  'a  discourse.'  The  ana- 
tomy of  the  fluids  of  the  bod  v. 

H'YGRO'MA,  from  'vygoe,  <  humid.'  Tumour 
cys'ficus  sero'sus,  Cys'tis  sero'sa.  Dropsy  of  the 
bursa?  mucosae. 


HYGROMETRY 


393 


HYOSCYAMUS 


IIYGROM'ETRY,   Hygrometria,  Hygrose</- 
pia.;   from    r;g'c,  'humid,'  and  yuagw,  'mea- 
sure.'    Tlie  part  of  physics  which  concerns  the 
measurement  of  the  dryness  or  humidity  of  the 
atmosphere.     It  is  probable,  that  diseases  are  as 
frequently  caused   by  the  varying   moisture  of 
the  atmosphere,  as  by  changes  in  its  weight  or 
temperature.      The   hygrometer   ought,   conse- 
quently, to  form   part  of  every  apparatus  for 
medical  meteorological  observations. 
HYGRON,  Liq.for. 
HYG 110 PHOBIA,  Hydrophobia. 
HYGR0PHTHALM1CI,  Hygroblepharici. 
HYGROPISSOS,  see  Pinus  sylvestris. 
HYGROSCOPIA,  Hygrometry. 
HYGROTES,  Liquor. 

HY'LE,  lvhh  Materia,  <  Matter.'  Materia 
Medica;  also,  the  Philosopher's  stone. 
Hylk  Iathice,  Materia  medica. 
HYLOPH'AGOUS,  from  'vw?,  'wood,*  and 
3>ayu>,  '  I  eat.'  One  that  feeds  upon  the  young 
shoots  of  trees,  roots,  &c.  Hylophagous  tribes 
yet  exist  in  some  parts  of  Africa. 
HYMASTATICS,  Haemastatice. 
HYMEN,  'L/U.7JV.  which  signifies  'marriage,' 
1  nuptial  song,'  'membrane  or  pellicle.'  Claus- 
trum,  seu  Flos,  seu  Sigillum,  seu  Custodia,  seu 
Columna,  seu  Zona  virginita'tis,  Cir'culus  mem- 
brano'sus,  Burton,  Intersep'tum  virgina'le,  Cento 
virgina'lis,  Ar  gumentum  Integrita'tis,  Munimen'- 
lum  seu  Zona  Castitu'tis,  Pannic'ulus  hymenal - 
us,  Eugion,  Valvula  vagi'nx,  Mcmlran'ula  luna'ta 
vaginas.  The  semilunar,  parabolic,  or  circular 
fold,  situate  at  the  outer  orifice  of  the  vagina  in 
virgins,  especially  during  youth,  and  prior  to 
menstruation.  This  membrane  is  ordinarily 
ruptured  by  the  first  venereal  act,  and  is  ef- 
faced by  accouchement;  some  irregular  flaps 
remaining,  to  which  the  name  Carun'culas  Myr- 
O.for'mes  has  been  given  by  reason  of  their  re- 
semblance to  the  leaves  of  the  myrtle.  Many 
circumstances  of  an  innocent  character  may 
occasion  a  rupture  or  destruction  of  this  mem- 
brane. It  is  often,  indeed,  found  absent  in 
children  soon  after  birth;  whilst  it  may  remain 
entire  after  copulation.  Hence  the  presence 
of  the  hymen  does  not  absolutely  prove  vir- 
ginity; nor  does  its  absence,  incontinence; 
although  its  presence  would  be  primd  facie  evi- 
dence of  continence. 

Hvme.v,  Membrane — h.  Diaphratton,  Medi- 
astinum. 

HYME1NLEA,  see  Copal— h.  Courbaril,  see 
Anime. 

HYMENODES,  Membranous. 
HYMENOG'RAPHY,  Hymenogra'pkia,  from 
'vur{v,  'a  membrane,'  and  y^aqw,  'I  describe.' 
That  part  of  anatomy  whose  object  is  the  de- 
scription of  the  different  membranes. 

HYMENOL'OGY,  Hymenolog"ia,  from  'u/utp, 
'a  membrane,'  and  foyog,  'a  description.'  A 
treatise  on  the  membranes. 

H  Y  M  E N O  R' R  H  AP  H  Y ,  Hymenorrha' phia  ,■ 
from  'vfitjv,  '  the  hymen,'  and  (>a<p»j,  '  a  suture.' 
A  form  of  elytrorrhaphy,  (q.  v.,)  in  which  the 
operation  is  performed  in  the  natural  situation 
of  the  hymen. 

H  YMENOT'OMY,  Hymenotom'ia,  from  'v^v, 
'a  membrane,'  and  ti/ayw,  'I  cut,'  'I  dissect.' 
The  part  of  anatomy  which  treats  of  the  dis- 
section of  the  membranes.  The  term  has  also 
been  applied  to  the  incision  of  the  hymen,  prac- 
tised in  certain  cases  of  imperforation  of  the 
26 


vagina,  in  order  to  give  exit  to  the  blood,  re- 
;  tained  and  accumulated  in  the  cavity  of  the 
I  uterus. 

HYOBASIOGLOSSUS,  Basioglossus. 
HYOCHONDROGLOSSUS,  Hyoglossus. 
HYODEOGLOSSUS,  Hyoglossus. 
HYO-EPIGLOT'TIUUS.     Belonging  to  the 
os  hyoides  and    epiglottis.      Some   anatomists 
have  given  the  name  Hyo- epiglottic  ligament  to 
a  bundle  of  condensed  cellular  tissue,  which 
passes  from  the  posterior  part  of  the  body  of  the 
hyoid  bone  to  the  base  of  the  epiglottic  fibro- 
cartilage. 

HYOGLOSSO-BASI-PHARYJYGIEJY,Con- 
strictor  pharyngis. 

HYOGLOS'SUS,  Hyodeo-giossus,  Hyo-chon- 
dro-glossus,  Hypsiloglossus,  Cer'ato-glossas  of 
Douglass  and  Covvper:  Basio-Cerato-Chondro- 
glossus.  A  large,  thin,  quadrilateral  muscle, 
situate  at  the  anterior  and  superior  part  of  the 
neck.  Its  insertions,  at  three  different  points 
of  the  os  hyoides,  permit  it  to  be  divided  into 
three  portions: — the  first  (Ceratoglossus  of  AI- 
binus)  is  attached  to  the  great  cornu  of  the  os 
hyoides;  the  second,  (Basio-glossus  of  Albinus,) 
arises  from  the  superior  part  of  the  body  of  the 
same  bone;  and  the  third,  (Chondro-gtossus  of 
Albinus,)  arises  from  the  lesser  cornu  and  the 
cartilage,  situate  between  the  body  and  the 
greater  cornu.  The  fibres  of  these  three  bun- 
dles are  inserted  into  the  lateral  and  inferior 
parts  of  the  tongue.  This  muscle  depresses  the 
base  of  the  tongue,  or  raises  the  os  hyoides. 
when  the  tongue  is  fixed. 
HYO-THYREOIDEUS,  Tl.yreo-hyoideus. 
HYO-THYROID,  Thyreo-hyoid. 
HYOID  BOiNE,  Hyoides,  os. 
HYOI'DES,OS,  Os  Bicor'ne,  Os  hypseloi'des, 
Os  Lambdol'dcs,  Os  Gul'turis,  Os  Lingusp,  Os 
Lingua' le,  Upsiloi'des,  Ypsiloid.es.  The  Hyoid, 
Bone,-  from  the  Greek  v,  and  siSo;,  'shape:' 
having  the  form  of  the  'upsilon.'  The  hyoid 
bone  is  a  very  movable,  osseous  arch;  of  a  pa- 
rabolic shape;  convex  before,  and  suspended 
horizontally  in  the  substance  of  the  soft  parts 
of  the  neck,  between  the  base  of  the  tongue 
and  the  larynx.  This  bone,  separated  entirely 
from  the  rest  of  the  skeleton,  is  composed  of 
five  distinct  portions,  susceptible  of  motion  on 
each  other.  The  first  and  most  central  is  the 
body  of  the  hyoid,  Ossic'ulum  me'dium  HyoVdis, 
which  affords  attachment  to  several  muscles;, 
the  two  others  are  lateral,  and  bear  the  name  of 
branches  or  greater  cornua.  The  last  two  are 
smaller,  situate  above  the  other,  and  are  known 
under  the  name  lesser  cornua.  The  os  hyoides 
is  ossified  from  five  points. 

Hyoides  Primus,  Sterneo-hyoideus. 
HYOIDIS  QUARTUS  MUSOULUS,  Omo- 
hyoideus. 

HYOSCY'AMUS.  from  V,  a  'swine,'  and 
xv^iog,  'a  bean.'  Faha  suit' la,  Bengi,  Jusquia- 
mm,  Henbane,  Poison  Tobac'co,  Stinking  night- 
shade, Hyoscyamvs  nigcr,  Apollinu'ris  Alter' cum, 
Alter  cum,  Ag'onS,Altercan'genon  (  V.)Jusquiaume, 
Five  a  Cochon,  Hannebane  Potelec.  The  leaves 
and  seeds  are  the  parts  used  in  medicine. 
Their  odour  is  narcotic  and  peculiar;  taste  in- 
sipid and  mucilaginous.  The  virtues  are 
yielded  to  proof  spirit.  Hyoscyamus  is  nar- 
cotic, anodyne,  antispasmodic,  and  slightly- 
stimulant.  It  is  used  as  a  substitute  for  opium, 
where  the  latter  disagrees;  and  is  applied,  ex- 


HYOSCYAMUS  ALBUS 


394 


HYPERICUM  PERFORATUM 


lernally,  as  a  cataplasm  in  cancer  and  glandu- 
lar swellings.     Dose,  gr.  iij  to  x  of  the  powder. 

Hyoscyamds  Albus  or  White  Henbane,  pos- 
sesses similar  virtues. 

Hyoscvamos  Luteos,  Nicotiana  rustica— h. 
Peruvianus,  Nicotiana  tabacum. 

HY  FACTIOUS,  Cathartic. 

HYPiE'MIA,  from  '««*«, '  beneath,'  and  l*iy.a, 
'blood.'  Oligx'mia,  .inse'mia.  Deficiency  of 
blood—  Andral.     Also,  extravasation  of  blood. 

HYPAGOGE.  Dejection. 

HYPALEIE'TRON,  'vjia^.^nr^r,  Hypaleip  - 
trum,  Specil'lum,  Spalha  A  sort  of  spatula  for 
spreading  ointments. — Hippocrates. 

HYPAMAURO'SIS,  from  'u?ro,  '  under,'  and 
amaurosis.     Imperfect  amaurosis,  Meramauro'- 


HYPAPOPLEX'IA,  from  'utto,  'under,    and 

apoplexia.     An  incomplete  attack  of  apoplexy. 

HYPELATOS,  Cathartic. 

HYPE'NE,'vhipri.    The  beard,  which  grows 

under  the  chin,  according  to  some.     Also,  the 

upper  lip. — Vesalius. 

H Y'  P  ER,  'u/tj o, ' above,' '  in  excess.'     Hence : 
HYPERACU'SIS,   Hyperac'oe,   from    lvnt$, 
'above,'  and  axey,  'audition.'     Excessive  sensi- 
bility of  the  organ  of  hearing. 

HYPEREMIA,  Hijperlix'mia,  Hxmorme'  sis, 
(F.^  Hyperemie,  Angiohemie,  from  'u.i^,  'above,' 
and .'aiua, 'blood.'  Preternatural  accumulation 
of  blood  in  the  capillary  vessels,  more  especially 
Local  Plethora.  Congestion,  (q.  v.)  — Andral. 
Various  forms  of  hyperemia  are  admitted  by 
pathologists, — for  example,  the  active  or  sthenic; 
as  in  the  various  phlegmasia?, — the  asthenic  or 
passive,  from  weakness  of  vessels;  the  cadaveric, 
or  that  which  forms  immediately  before  or  after 
death;  and  the  hypostatic  (q.  v.,)  which  occurs 
in  depending  parts. 

Hyperemia  Activa,  Inflammation — h.  He- 
patic, Hepatohremia. 

HYPERESTHESIA,  Hyperpesthesis— h.  Lin- 
guae, Hypergeustia — h.  Oifacloria,  Hyperos- 
phresia — h.  Plexus  cardiaci,  Angina  pectoris. 

HYPERjESTHE'SIS,  Hyperxsthse'sia,   (F.) 

Hyperesthesie,  from  'utf{,  '  above,'  and  -i.indr,oig, 

1  the  faculty  of  feeling.'     Excessive  sensibility. 

HYPERAPH'IA,  from  'vtiq,  '  in  excess,'  and 

'civi, '  touch.'     Excessive  acuteness  of  touch. 

HYPERAUXE'SIS,  fiom  'u/iso,  'over,' 
'above,'  and  av%rtoig,  'augmentation.'  Hyper- 
epid'osis.  Excessive  increase  or  enlargement 
of  a  part: — as  Hyperauxe'sis  Ir'idis,  an  exces- 
sive enlargement  of  the  iris,  so  as  to  stop  up 
the  pupil. 

IIYPERBOL'IC  {altitude,)  '  excessive,'  (vn-,^ 
'above,  over,'  and  (SaXXut, '  I  throw.')  Galen,  by 
this  term,  designates  certain  extraordinary  at- 
titudes, in  which  the  limbs  and  vertebral  co- 
lumn are  in  a  state  of  complete  extension  or 
flexion. " 

HYPERBO'REAN,  from  'vntQ,  'beyond,' 
and  ^o^tug,  'the  north  wind.'  A  race  of  men, 
found  at  the  extreme  north  of  the  two  conti- 
nents, in  the  vicinity  of  the  polar  circle.  It 
includes  the  Thibetans, O^tiaks,  Kamtschadales, 
Laplanders.  Samoicdes,  Esquimaux,  <&c. 

HYPERCARDIA,  Heart,  hypertrophy  of  the. 
HYPERCARDIOTROPHIA,  Heart,  hypertro- 
phy of  the. 

HYPERCATHAR'SIS,  Hyperine'sis,  Hype- 
rinvs,  Superpurga'tio,  from  'u.Tf»,  '  in  excess,' 
and  x«5*£<t<c;  'purgation.'     Superpurgation. 


HYPERCERATOSES,  Staphyloma  of  the 
cornea. 

HYPERCINE'SIA,  Hypcrcine'sisjrom  'u.itg, 
'  above,  over,' and  nii'jja-n;  (tuvBto, 'Imovef )  'mo- 
tion.'. Excessive  motion.  Under  the  term 
hypercincsis,  Romberg  includes  the  spasmodic 
neuroses. 

Hypercinesia  Nervosa,  see  Irritable — h. 
Uterina,  Hysteria. 

HYPERCINESIS  GASTRICA,  Hypochon- 
driasis. 

HYPERCOJYJONCTIVITE,see  Ophthalmia. 

HYPERCORYPHO'SIS.from  W^,  'above,' 

and  y„o§iKp>/,  '  the  vertex;'  the  extreme  point  of 

any  thing.    The  lobes  of  the  liver  and  lungs.— 

Hippocrates. 

H YPERCRIN'IA,  Hyperdiac'risis,  from  '„t8(>, 
'above,'  and  x^ivw,  '  1  separate.'  A  morbid  in- 
crease in  the  quantity  of  the  secretions. 

HYPER'CRISIS,  same    etymon.      Superex- 
cre'tio,  Superctacua'lio.     An  excessive  crisis,  or 
evacuation ;  a  flux.— A  vejy  violenl.critical  effort 
or  too  copious  critical  evacuations.— Galen. 
J1YPERD1ACRISIS,  Hypercrinia. 
HYPERDYNAMIA,  Hypersthenia. 
HYPEREMIE,  Hyperaemia — h.  du  Cervcati, 
Encephalohasmia— h.  Cdrebrule,  Encephaloho?- 
mia — h.  du.  Foie,  Hepatohaemia — h.  de  la  Mo'elle 
epiniere,  Hyper  my  elohsemia 

HYP£RENC£PHALO  TR  0  PHIE,-  from 
'yTjo,  '  in  excess,'  iyy.t<puXov,  '  the  encephalon,' 
andTpoq»;,'  nourishment.'  Hypertrophy  of  the 
encephalon. — Piorry. 

HYPERENCEPH'ALUS,from'u/r£(),'above,' 
and    y.sipuZt;,    'the    head.'     A    monster   whose 
brain  is  situate  in  the  skull. —  G.  St.  Hilaire. 
HYPERENDOSMOSE,  Inflammation. 
HYPEREPHIDROSIS,  Ephidrosis. 
HYPEREPIDOSIS,  Hyperauxesis. 
HYPERERETHIS'IA,  from  'utjq,   'in  ex- 
cess,' and  eQt&ttw,  '  I  excite.'     Excessive  irrita- 
bility. 

HYPERESTVi^tosswa,' a  ministry.'    This 
word   is  sometimes   applied   to   the   organs; — 
when  it  means  function. 
HYPERESTHESIE,  Hyperesthesia. 
HYPERETRIA,  Midwife. 
H  YPERGEN'ESIS,  from  'vme,,  '  in  excess,' 
and  yivrfig,  'generation.'     The  excess  of  for- 
mative power,  which  gives  occasion  to  mon- 
strosities by  excess  of  parts. 

HYPERGEUS'TI  A,  Hypergeu'sis,  Hyper- 
(csthe'sia  linguae,  from  'unty.  '  above,'  and  ytvo- 
us,  'taste.'  Excessive  sensibility  of  the  orga» 
of  taste. 

HYPERHEMATOSIS,  Inflammation. 
HYPERH-'EMIA,  Hyperemia. 
H YPE R  III  PA  TO  TROP HIE ..  Hyperlroph'w 
he'patis,  (F.)  Hypertrophic  du  Foi ,-  i'rom  'u/nji 
1  in  excess,'  '^ag, '  the  liver,'  and  r^oQtj, '  noa- 
rishment.'     Hypertrophy  of  the  liver. 
HY  PERHIDROSIS.  "Ephidrosis. 
HYPERICUM  BACCIF'ERUM,  Jlrbus'cuk 
gummiferaBrazilien'sis,  Cua-opia.     A  Brazilian 
tree,  whose  bark  emits  a  juice,  when  wounded, 
which  resembles  gamboge. 

Hypericum  Pekfora'tom,  Fuga  Damonum, 
AndrosaJ  mum,  Co'rion,  Perforated  or  Common 
St.  John's  Wort,  Hypericum,  (F.)  Milkpertuu 
ordinaire.  It  is  aromatic  and  astringent,  and 
enters  into  a  number  of  aromatic  preparations; 
and,  amongst  others,  into  the  Falltrancks.  The 
Oil  of  St  John's  Wort,  O'Uum  hyper1  id,  Bal'sa- 


HYPER1DR0S1S 


395 


HYPOCHONDRE 


mum  hypcr'ici  sim'plex,  is  made  by  infusing  ^iv 
of  the  flowers  itt  a  quart  of  olive  oiU  It  is  vul- 
nerary. 

IIYPEIUDRO'SIS,  Ephidrosis. 

HYPERINES1S,  Hypercatharsis. 

HYPERINOS,  Hvpercatharsis. 

mPERlNO'SIS;  from  'vjieg,  'above,'  and 
is,  iv. c,  'flesh.'  The  condition  of  the  blood  in 
which  it  contains  an  increase  in  the  proportion 
of  fibrin,  as  in  inflammation. — Simon. 

HYFERLYMPH'lA,(F.)Hyperlymphie;from 
'in  excess,'  and  lynvphn.     Excessive  for- 
mation or  accumulation  of  lymph. 

H  YPERM&TROH&MIE,  Metrohfemia. 

HYPERM  YEOLOH.E'MIA,  (F.)  Hyperemia 
de  la  Mo'elle  E'piniere,  Congestion  sanguine  ra- 
thidienne,  from  'vrcsg,  'in  excess,'  itve\oc,  'mar- 
row,' and  'at/**.,  '  blood.'  Hyperemia  of  tlie 
spinal  marrow. 

HYPERXEPUROTROPHIE,  from  Weso, 
'  in  excess,'  vttpooc,  'kidney,'  and  TQicprj,  'nou- 
rishment.'    Hypertrophy  of  the  kidney. 

HYPERO PKARYNGEUS,  Palato-pharyn- 
geus. 

UYPERO'A,  from  Wtg,  'upon,'  and  wov,  'a 
high  place.'  The  palatine  arch, — the  base  of 
the  cranium. 

Hvperoa,  Palate. 

HYPEROFTIS,  Angi'na  Palattna,  (F.)  In- 
flammation du  Palais,  from  Hypero'a,  '  the  pa- 
late,' and  ills,  a  suffix  denoting  inflammation, 
inflammation  of  the  velum  palati. 

HYPEROS,  Pilum. 

HYPEROSMIA,  Hyperosphresia. 

HYPEROSPHRE'SIA,  Hyperos'mia,  Hy- 
perxstlit'sia  olfucto'ria,  Olfudtus  acutus,  from 
•i;tteo,  and  oo-y^o-tg,  'smell.'  Excessive  acute- 
ness  of  smell. 

HYPEROSTOSIS,  Exostosis. 

HYPERPHREXIE,  Mania. 

11YPERPLEX1E,  Ecstasis. 

HYPERPItVlELE,  see  Polysarcia. 

HYPERSARCHIDIOS,  Physconia. 

HYP E  RS A  RCO'M A ,  Hypersarct/sis,  Hyper- 
tarx'is,  from  'u.Tfg,  'above,'  and  »"a§|,  'flesh.' 
A  soft  fungous  excrescence,  especially  such  as 
appears  upon  ulcerated  parts. —  Galen. 

HYPERSARUOSIS,  Excrescence,  Fungo- 
sity — h.  Cordis,  Heart,  hypertrophy  of  the. 

flYPERSARXIS,  Hvpersarcoma. 

HYPERSPASMfE,  Convulsion. 

HYPERSPLENOTROPHIE,  Splenoncus. 

HYPERSTHENIC,  Hyperdynamia,  Hypcr- 
zoodyna'mia,  Status  inflammato'rius  varus ;  from 
'uTfo, 'beyond,'  and  othrog,  'strength.'  Super- 
f  xcitement.  A  morbid  condition, characterized 
by  over-excitement  of  all  the  vital  phenomena. 

HYPERSTHEN1CUS,  Active. 

HYPERTONIA,'^,  'beyond,'  and  rotog, 
'tone.'  Excess  of  tone  in  parts.  It  is  opposed 
to  atony. 

HYPERTROPILE'MIA,  from  W?,  'above,' 
rgoifrj,  'nourishment,'  and  'cti/ua,  'blood.'  A 
state  in  which  the  plastic  powers  of  the  blood 
■tire  increased. 

HYPERTROPHIA  CORDIS,  Heart,  hyper- 
trophy of  the— h.  Hepatis,  Hyper  hipatotrophie— 
h.Intestinorum,  Enterhypertrophia — h.  Lienis, 
Splenoncus — h.  Spleiiis,  Splenoncus. 

HYPERTROPB1E  DU  CCEUR,  Heart,  hy- 
pertrophy of  the — It-  du  Fate,  Hyptrhipatotro- 
7,/,/e — \.  de  la  Rate,  Splenoncus— A.  du  Corps 
TkyroXde,  Bronchocele. 


HYPERTROPHIED,  see  Hypertrophy. 
H  Y'P  E  RTROPH  Y,  Hypertrdph'ia,  from'uwtj, 

'beyond,'  and  Tps<p;, '  nourishment.'  The  state 
of  a  part,  in  which  the  nutrition  is  performed 
with  greater  activity",  and  which,  on  that  ac- 
count, at  length  acquires  unusual  bulk.  The 
part  thus  affected  is  said  to  be  Jtypertrophied. 

HYPERURESIS,  Enuresis— h.  Aquosa,  Dia- 
betes. 

HYPERURORRHEE,  Diabetes— h.  Saccha- 
rine. Diabetes  (Mellitus.) 

HYPERZOODYNAMIA,  Hypersthenia. 

HYPEX'ODOS,  'vTrt^odog,  from  'vno,  'be- 
neath,' and  iZoSog,  'passing  out.'  An  alvine 
discharge  or  flux. — Hippocrates. 

HYPHJ3MOS.  Subcruentus. 

HYPHYDROS,  Hydropic. 

HYPINO'SIS,  from  'vno',  'under,'  and  15, 
irog,  '  flesh.'  The  condition  of  the  blood  in 
which  there  is  a  diminution  in  the  proportion 
of  the  fibrin,  as  in  fever,  hemorrhage,  and  ple- 
thora — Sirnon. 

HYPNLVTER,  (F.)  Hypnialre,  from  'vttvoc, 
'sleep,'  and  tx.T%og,  'a  physician.'  A  name 
given  to  deluded  or  designing  persons  who  have 
affirmed  that  they  were  able,  during  their  '  mag- 
netic sleep,'  to  diagnosticate  disease  and  its  ap- 
propriate treatment. 

HYPNOBATASIS,  Somnambulism. 

HYPNOBATES,  Somnambulist. 

HYPNOBATESIS,  Somnambulism. 

HYPlNO'DES,  'uwvmSrie,  from  '0710,  'under,' 
and  'vvvsg, '  sleep.'  One  in  a  state  of  slumber 
or  somnolency. 

H  YPNOLOG'TCA,  Hypnolog"ice.  The  part 
of  hygiene  which  treats  of  sleep. 

HYPNOL'OGY,  Hyprwlog"ia,  from  'wmt, 
and  hoy°s,  'a  discourse.'  Same  etymon.  A 
treatise  on  sleep. 

HYPNONERGIA,  Somnambulism. 

HYPNOS,  Sleep. 

HYPNOTICUS,  Anodyne,  Somniferous. 

HYPO,  'wo, '  under,'  'sub.'     Hence: 

Hypo.  Hypochondriasis. 

HYPOCAPNISMA.  Suffimentum. 

HYPOCAPNISMOS.  Fumigation. 

HYPOCARO'DES,  Subsupora'tus,  from  W. 
'  under,'  and  x^Qog,  'a  heavy  sleep.'  One  who 
is  in  a  stale  approaching  carus. —  Hippocrates. 

HYPOCATHAR'SIS,  from  Wo,  'beneath,' 
and  x.uSxn<rtc,  '  purgation.'  Too  feeble  purga- 
tion.    A  word  opposed  to  hypercatharsis. 

HYPOCAUSTUM,  from  'wo,  '  beneath,'  and 
xaieo,  'I  burn.'  A  name  given  to  a  stove,  or  any 
such  contrivance,  to  sweat  in.  Also,  a  furnace 
in  any  subterraneous  place,  used  for  heating 
baths: — 'vtokuvo-tov,  Balnearium,  Vaporarium 

HYPOCERCHA'LEON,  from  Sno,  and  xE(- 
X*.\tog,  '  hoarse.'  Roughness  of  the  fauces  af- 
iectino-  the  voice. — Hippocrates. 

H  Y  PO  C  H  LO  ROM'E  L  AS,  Sub-pal' Ml  n  i'gri- 
cans,  from  'vno,  x?.u>£0(,  'green.'  and  utAac 
'black.'  A  term  applied  to  one  whose  skin  is 
pale,  with  a  blackish  hue. — Hippocr..  Galen. 

HYPOCHOILION,  Abdomen. 

HYPOCHONDRE,  Hypochon'drium, Sub-car- 
tilagin'eum,  Re'gio  Hypocliondri' aca,  Hypochnn' - 
driac  Region,  from  'vno,  '  under,'  and  /oj-JVkk, 
'  a.cartilage.'  Each  lateral  and  superior  region 
of  the  abdomen  is  so  called, because  it  is  bounded 
by  the  cartilaginous  margin  of  the  false  ribs, 
which  forms  the  base  of  the  chest.  There  ie  a 
right  and  a  left  hypochondrium. 


HYPOCHONDRIAC 


39C 


HYPOGLOSSUS 


HYPOCHON'DRIAC,  Hypochondri' acus,-  same 
etymon.  Belonging  to  hypochondriasis.  One 
labouring  under  hypochondriasis. 

HY POCHONDRI ACISM  US,  Hypochondriasis. 
HYPOCHONDRIASIS.  Same  etymon.  Alu'- 
sia  hypochondriasis,  Morbus  hypochondri 'acus, 
Malum  hypochondri' acum,  Hallucina'  tio  hypochon- 
driasis, Hypochondriacidmus,  Dyspep'sia  hypo- 
chondriasis, Pas'sio  hypochondriaca,  Ajfedtio  hy- 
pochondriaca,  Anathy miosis,  Hypercind sis  gas- 
trica,  Spl.enes,  Melancholia  nerveu,  M.  jlatuo'sa, 
Morbus Jlatuo' sus,  M.  erudito'rum,  Fomes  ventrid- 
uli,  Hypochondrism,  Hypo,  Spleen, —  the  Vapours, 
the  English  Malady,  Low  Spirits,  (F.)  Hypo- 
chondrie,  Maludie  imaginaire,  Maladie  Anglaise, 
Affection  vaporeuse,  Vapeurs.  This  disease  is 
probably  so  called,  from  the  circumstance  of 
some  hypochondriacs  having  felt  an  uneasy 
sensation  in  the  hypochondriac  regions.  The 
disease  seems  really  to  be,  as  Pinel  has  classed 
it,  a  species  of  neurosis,  and  of  mental  aliena- 
tion, which  is  observed  in  persons  who  in 
other  respects  are  of  sound  judgment,  but  who 
reason  erroneously  on  whatever  concerns  their 
own  disease.  Hypochondriasis  is  characterized 
by  disordered  digestion,  without  fever  or  local 
lesion;  flatulence;  borborygmi;  extreme  in- 
crease of  sensibility;  palpitations;  illusions  of 
the  senses;  a  succession  of  morbid  feelings, 
which  appear  to  simulate  the  greater  part  of 
diseases;  panics;  exaggerated  uneasiness  of  va- 
rious kinds;  chiefly  in  what  regards  the  health, 
<fcc.  Indigestion  has  usually  been  considered 
the  cause  of  hypochondriasis.  They  are,  un- 
questionably, much  connected  with  each  other: 
but  there  is  every  reason  to  believe,  that  the 
seat  of  the  affection  is  really,  though  function- 
ally, in  the  brain.  The  disease  almost  always 
appears  at  the  adult  age,  most  commonly  in  ir- 
ritable individuals;  and,  in  those  exhausted,  or 
rather  in  the  habit  of  being  exhausted,  by  men- 
tal labour,  overwhelmed  with  domestic  or  pub- 
lic affairs,  <&c. 

The  treatment  is  almost  entirely  moral.  The 
condition  of  the  digestive  function  must,  how- 
ever, be  accurately  attended  to. 

HYPOCHONDRISM,  Hypochondriasis. 
HYPOCHORESIS,  Digestion. 
HYPOCHYMA,  Cataract. 
HYPOCHYSIS  H^MATODES,  Hsemoph- 
thalmia. 

HYPOCISTUS,  Cytinus. 
HYPOCLEP'TICUM,  from  0™,  'beneath,' 
and  xlimio,  *  I  steal.'     A  chymical  vessel,  for- 
merly used  for  separating  oil  from  water. 

HYPOCOl'LON,   from    iao,   'under,'    and 
ttotAov,  'a  cavity.'     A  cavity  situate  above  the 
upper  eyelid. 
HYPOCOPHOSIS,  Baryecoia,  Deafness. 
HYPOCRA'NIUM,  from  'w,  '  under,' and 
KQaviov,  'the  cranium.'     A   collection  of  pus 
between  the  cranium  and  dura  mater. 
HYPODERIS,  Epideris. 
HYPODERMAT'OM  Y,    Hypodermalom'ia  : 
from  'vntQ,  'under,'  Siq/xu,  'the  skin,'  and  ro^t;, 
'incision.'     The  section  of  subcutaneous  parts, 
as  of  tendons  and  muscles. 
HYPODERMIS,  Epideris. 
HYPODESMIS,  Bandage. 
HYPOGALA,  Hypopyon. 
HYPOGASTRIC,  Hypogas'tricus.    Relating 
or  belonging  to  the  hypogastrium. 
Hypogastric  Artery,  A.  Ili'aca  inler'na,  A, 


Ili'aca  posterior,  A.  pel'vienne,(—Ch.)  is  the 
more  internal  of  the  two  branches  into  which 
the  primary  iliac  divides.  It  descends  into  the 
cavity  of  the  pelvis,  and  gives  off  a  considerable 
number  of  branches,  which  arise,  at  times,  se- 
parately, at  others,  by  common  trunks.  These 
branches  are,  I.  The  posterior,  i.  e.  the  ilio- 
lumbar arteries,  lateral,  sacral,  and  gluteal.  2. 
The  anterior,  i.  e.  the  umbilical,  vesical,  and 
obturator.  3.  The  internal,  the  middle  hemor- 
rhoidal arteries,  uterine,  and  vaginal  in  women. 
4.  The  inferior,  i.  e.  the  ischiatic  arteries,  and 
internal  pudic. 

Hypogastric  Opera'tion  of  lithotomy,  (F.) 
Tuille  hijpugastrique.  The  high  operation,  or 
that  practised  above  the  pubes. 

Hypogastric  Plexus,  Plexus  sous-mesente- 
rique  of  Winslow,  is  situate  at  the  lateral  and 
posterior  parts  of  the  rectum  and  the  has  fund 
of  the  bladder.  It  is  formed  by  the  sacral 
nerves  and  the  inferior  mesenteric  plexus,  and 
gives  off  numerous  filaments,  which  accompany 
the  arteries,  that  pass  to  the  rectum  and  geni- 
tal organs. 

Hypogastric  Vein  furnishes  nearly  the  same 
branches. 
HYPOGASTRION,  Abdomen. 
H  YPOG  AS'TRIUM,  Hypogastrion,  from  W, 
'  under,'  and  ya<m;o,  '  the  stomach  or  belly;' 
Etron,  trxQov,  Venter  imus,  V.  parvus,  Aqua  lid- 
ulus,  Sumen,  Rumen.  The  lower  part  of  the 
abdomen.  The  Hypogastric  region,  which  ex- 
tends as  high  as  three  fingers'  breadth  beneath 
the  umbilicus,  is  divided  into  three  secondary 
regions — one  middle  or  pubic,  and  two  lateral  or 
inguinal. 

HYPOGASTROCE'LE,  from  W,  'under,' 
yxa-Tift, '  the  stomach  or  belly,'  and  xtjXii,  'atu- 
mour.'  Hernia  in  the  hypogastric  region,  oc- 
curring through  the  separated  fibres  of  the 
lower  part  of  the  linea  alba. 

Hypogastrocele,  Hernia,  hypogastric. 
BYPOGASTR.OI)lD'YMl]S,L>id'ymusSym- 
phynhxjpogastriciis ,  lschiopages,  from  't/7ro,  'un- 
der,' yarrrjQ,  'the  belly,'  and  didvftog,  ' a  twin.' 
A  monstrosity  in  which  twins  are  united  by  the 
hypogastrium. —  Guilt. 

HYPOGASTRORIXIS,  Eventration. 
HYPOGLOSSIS,  Ranula. 
HYPOGLOSSUM,     Ruscus    hypoglossum, 
Ranula. 

HYPOGLOSSUS,  from  Wo,  'under,'  and 
yxuo-a-a,  'the  tongue.'  That  which  is  under  the 
tongue. 

Hypoglossus,  Hypoglossal  Nerve,  Ncrf  Hy- 
poglosse  ou  Grand  Hypoglosse,  Hypoglossim 
(Ch.),  Lingual  N.,  Gustatory  JV.,  Lingua'lis  Mt'- 
dius,  is  the  ninth  pair  of  nerves  of  many  anato- 
mists. It  arises  by  ten  or  twelve  very  fine 
filaments  from  the  grooves,  which  separate  the 
corpora  pyramidalia  from  the  C.  olivaria;  issues 
from  the  cranium  by  the  foramen  condyloideum 
anterius;  and  divides,  near  the  ano-le  of  the 
jaw,  irito  two  branches;  the  one  the  cervica'lis 
descen'Uens  or  descen'dens  noni.  It  forms,  with 
the  cervical  plexus,  a  large  anastomotic  arch, 
and  furnishes  branches  to  several  of  the  mus- 
cles of  the  neck.  The  other,  the  lingual  branch, 
is  the  continuation  of  the  principal  trunk,  and 
gives  its  numerous  filaments  to  the  muscles  of 
the  tongue  and  pharynx.  The  ninth  pair  com- 
municates motion  to  the  muscles  to  which  it  is 
distributed. 


HYP0GLUT1S 


397 


HYPTIASMOS 


HYPOGLU'TIS,  from  'vno,  'under,'  and 
ylovrog, '  the  nates.'  The  lower  and  projecting 
part  of  tlio  nates. — Gorrseus. 

HYPOGNATHADEN,  Submaxillary  gland. 
t  HYPOGNATHADENI'TIS,  Hyposiahdlii' lis, 
from  kypognathaden,  the  submaxillary  gland, 
and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation 
of  the  submaxillary  gland. 

HYPO'MIA,   from  'vno,  'under,'  and  v/to?, 
'the    shoulder.'      The    projecting   part  of  the 
shoulder.— Castelli,  Galen. 
Hvpomia,  Axilla. 

HYl'OKlllTUECIE,  Hyponarthe'cia,  from 
'vno,  'under,'  and  veydql,  'a  splint.'  A  term 
used  by  M.  Mayor  for  his  mode  of  treating 
fractures  by  position  only,— the  limb  resting 
upon  a  properly  cushioned  board  or  splint. 

HYPON'OMOS,  Ulcus  subtvs  depas' cms,  from 
'«wro,  '  under,'  and  vipa,  '  I  feed.'  A  deep  fistu- 
la or  ulcer. 

HYPOiN'YCHON,  from  '„:,»,  'under,'  and 
ovv|,  'the  nail.'  Eechymd ma  Hyponyclion.  Effu- 
sion of  blond  under  a  nail. 

HYPO  PE'DIUM,  from  Soto,  'under,'  and  nave, 
'  the  foot.'  A  cataplasm  for  the  sole  of  the  foot. 
HYPOPIFASIS,  from  Soto,  'under,'  and 
(patv<o,  '  1  appear.'  That  state  of  the  eyes  in 
which  the  white  only  is  seen  through  the  open- 
ing of  the  eyelids.— Hippocrates. 

HYPOPHLEGMASIA.Subinflammatio. 
HYPOPH'ORA,    from    Soto,    'under,'    and 
(ftpo\  '  I  carry.'     A  fistulous  ulcer. — Galen. 
HYPOPHTHALM1A,  Hypopyon. 
HYPOPHTHAL'MION,  from  Soto,  'under,' 
and  oipOa/.y,og,  '  the  eye.'     That  part  under  the 
eye    where    oedema    generally    commences    in 
chronic  diseases.  — Hippocrates. 

HYPOPHYSIS  CEREBRI,  Pituitary  gland. 
HYPOPLEURIOS,  Pleura. 
HYPOPO'DIA,  from  Wo,  'under,'  and  noug, 
'the  foot.'     Remedies,  as  sinapisms,  which  are 
applied  under  the  foot. 

HY  POT  YON,  Hypopyum,  Hypopktkal'mia, 
Pyophtkal'mus,  Empye'sis  Oduli,  Diapye'sis  Oc'- 
uli,  Oc'ulus  purutentus,  Lunell'a,  Hypog'ala, 
Hypopyum  lacleum,  Pyo'sis,  Abscessus  Oc'uli, 
Parop'sis  Staphyloma  pvrulentum;  from  Soto, 
'under,'  and  nuov,  'pus;'  because  the  pus  is 
under  the  cornea.  This  name  has  been  given 
to  small  abscesses  between  the  lamina?  of  the 
cornea,  as  well  as  to  different  purulent  col- 
lections in  the  chambers  of  the  eye;  hence, 
some  pathologists  have  distinguished  Hypopyon 
of  lli n  chambers,  from  Hyp&pyon  of  the  Cornea. 
In  abscesses  of  the  chambers,  the  purulent  mat- 
ter is  mixed  with  the  aqueous  humour,  which 
it  renders  turbid;  and  is  deposited  particularly 
at  the  lower  part  of  the  eye;  forming  behind 
the  cornea  a  kind  of  whitish  crescent,  that 
rises  more  or  less  before  the  pupil,  and  closes 
it  entirely  or  in  part.  It  requires  the  use  of 
local  and  general  antiphlogistics,  and  sorbefa- 
oients.  At  times,  it  is. necessary  to  puncture 
the  cornea  and  evacuate  the  pus. 
HYPOPYUM  LACTEUM,  Hypopyon. 
HYPORIN'ION,  from'iOTo,  'under,'  and  Qtv, 
'the  nose.'  That  part  of  the  beard  which  grows 
beneath  the  nose.  The  mustaches.  Also,  the 
upper  lip. 

HYPOSAR'CA,  from  'una,  'under,'  and  aaoi, 
'flesh.'  llyposarcidios,  Anasarca  (q.  v.)  In 
Linne's  and  in  Cullen's  Nosology,  it  is  syno- 
nymous with  Physconia  (q.  v.) 


HYPOSARCIDIOS.  Anasarca.  Hyposarca 

HYPOSIALADENITIS,  Hypognathadenitis. 

HYPOSPADIAS,  Hypospadia,  from  Soto, 
'under,'  and  anuw,  '1  draw.'  A  malformation, 
in  which  the  canal  of  the  urethra,  instead  of 
opening  at  the  apex  of  the  glans,  terminates  at 
its  base,  or  beneath  the  penis,  at  a  greater  or 
less  distance  from  the  symphysis  pubis.  When 
the  orifice  of  the  urethra  is  very  near  the  root 
of  the  penis,  the  scrotum  is  divided,  as  it  were, 
into  two  great  labia;  and  this  malformation  has 
often  been  taken  for  a  case  of  hermaphrodism. 
Hypospadias  is  ordinarily  incurable;  and  an 
idea  has  been  entertained  that  it  is  the  cause  of 
impotence.  It  is  not  exactly  so;  but  it  renders 
impregnation  less  probable. 

HYPOSPHAG'MA,  from  'vno,  'under,'  and 
o<patm,  '  I  kill.'  The  coagulated  blood,  which 
is  collected  when  an  animal  is  killed  and  used 
for  food.  Also,  an  effusion  of  blood,  especially 
under  the  conjunctiva. 

Hyposphagbia,  Hamiophthalmia. 

HYPOSTAPHYLE,  Staphykedema. 

HYPOSTASIS,  Sediment. 

HYPOSTATIC,  Hypostat'icus,  from  'vno, 
'under/  and  oraaic,  'stagnation.'  Hypostatic 
hypersemia.  A  congestion  of  blood  in  the  ves- 
sels of  a  part  caused  by  its  depending  position. 

HYPOSTEMA,  Sediment. 

HYPOSTHENIC.Contrastimulant. 

HYPOS'TROFHE,  'vnooroocpr,,  change  of 
position,  from  Soto,  and  gtq£u?u>,  'I  turn.'  Act 
of  a  patient  turning  himself.  Also,  relapse, 
return  of  a  disease. —  Hippocrates,  Foesius. 

HYPOTH'ENAR,  Sub' vol  a,  from  'vno,  'un- 
der,' and  -dsvao,  '  the  palm  of  the  hand  or  sole 
of  the  foot.' 

Hvpothenaii  Eminence  is  the  fleshy  projec- 
tion of  the  palmar  surface  of  the  hand,  which 
corresponds  with  the  little  finger,  and  is  sup- 
ported by  the  fifth  metacarpal  bone.  This  emi- 
nence is  formed  of  four  muscles:  the  Palmaris 
brevis,  Adductor  minimi  digiti,  Flexor  brevis 
minimi  digiti,  and  Opponens  minimi  digiti. 
The  name  Hypothenar  has  also  been  given  to 
different  muscles  of  the  hand.  The  Hypothenar 
min'imi  dig'iti  of  Riolan  comprehended  the  Ab- 
ductor, Flexor  brevis  and  Opponens  minimi  digi- 
ti; and  his  muscle,  Hypothenar  pol'licis,  corre- 
sponded to  the  Adductor,  and  a  portion  of  the 
Flexor  brevis  poinds.  Winslow  called  muscle 
petit  hypothenar  ou  hypolhdnar  du  petit  doigl, 
the  Adductor  minimi  digiti. 

Hvpothenaii  Minimi  Digiti,  Flexor  parvus 
minimi  digiti — h.  Minor  metacarpeus,  Abductor 
minimi  digiti — h.  Riolani,  Flexor  parvus  mini- 
mi digiti. 

HYPOTHETON,  Suppository. 

HYPOTROPE,  Relapse. 

HYPOTROPIASMOS,  Relapse. 

HYPOUTRION,  Abdomen. 

HYPOZO'MA,  from  'vno,  'under,'  and  tav- 
vvui,  '  I  bind  round.'  Meivbrana  succin'gens.  A 
membrane  or  septum,  as  the  mediastinum,  dia- 
phragm, &c. 

HYPPOCRAS,  Claret. 

HYPSELOGLOSSUS,  Basioglossus. 

HYPSILOGLOSSUS,  Hyoo-lossus. 

HYPSOSIS,  Sublimation. 

II YPT I  ASM  A.  Supination. 

HYPTIAS'MOS,  from  'vnTiatta,  'I  lie  with 
the  face  upwards.'  Eying  in  a  supine  posture. 
Also,  inversion  of  the  stomach,  as  in  nausea, 


HTSSOP,  HEDGE 


399 


hystm* 


regurgitation,  or  vomiting. — Hippocrates,  Ga- 
3en.    . 

HYSSOP,  HEDGE,  Gratiola  officinal. 

HYSSOPI'TES.  Ancient  name  of  a  wine, 
of*  which  Hyssop  was  the  chief  ingredient,  and 
which  Dioscoridea  extolled  in  chronic  inflam- 
mation of  the  chest.  It  was  regarded  as  diu- 
retic and  emmenagogue. 

HYSSO'PUS,  from  the  Hebr.  Azob,  Cassi'- 
ala,  Hyssopus  officinalis,  Common  hyssop.  It 
has  been  chiefly  used  as  an  aromatic,  stimulant, 
and  pectoral,  in  the  form  of  infusion. 

HYSTERA,  'wmjia,  'vorsQtj,  'the  uterus.' 
(q.  v.)     Hence: 

Hystera,  Secundines. 

HYSTERAL'GIA,  (F.)  Fortraiiure,  from 
Scrreoa,  'the  uterus,'  and  akyog,  'pain.'  Pain 
in  the  uterus.  Irritable  uterus,  (F.)  Nevralgie 
de  I' uterus.  Hippocrates  uses  the  epithet  Hys- 
teralges,  'vOTtQakyris,  for  any  thing  that  excites 
uterine  pain;  and,  especially,  for  vinegar. 

Hysteralgia  Lochialis,  Dyslochia. 

HYSTERELOSIS,  Hysteroloxia. 

HYSTE'RIA,  Hystericis'mvs,  Hysteris'mus, 
Hyperdne'sia  uteri' 'na,  Uteri  adscensus,  S< 
tio  hyster'ica,  S.  uteri'na,  Asthma  u'teri,  Prxfo- 
ca'tio  matri'cis,  Syspa'sia  hysteria,  Malum  hys- 
ter'ieum,  Vapo'res  uteri'ni,  Vapours,  Hyster'ks, 
Hysteric  fit,  Affec'tio  hyster'ica,  Passio  hysterica, 
Morbus  hystericus,  Slrangulu'lio  uteri'na,  (F.) 
Hyst'erie,  Mai  de  Mire,  Maladie  imaginaire,  Pas- 
sion hystcrique,  Suffocation  utirine,  EXrangle- 
ment,  Epilepsie  uterine,  Vapcurs,  Maux  de  Nerfs, 
from  'vorioa,'  the  uterus,'  A  species  of  neurosis, 
classed  amongst  the  spasmi  by  Sauvages  and 
Cullen,  and  in  the  Nevroses  de  la  generation,  by 
Pinel.  It  received  the  name  hysteria,  because 
it  was  reputed  to  have  its  sea*  in  the  uterus.  It 
generally  occurs  in  paroxysms;  the  principal 
characters  of  which  consist  in  alternate  fits  of 
laughing  and  crying,  with  a  sensation  as  if  a 
ball  set  out  from  the  uterus  and  ascended  to- 
wards the  stomach,  chest,  and  neck,  producing 
a  sense  of  strangulation.  If  the  attack  be  'vio- 
lent, there  is,  sometimes,  loss  of  consciousness 
(although  the  presence  of  consciousness  gene- 
rally distinguishes  it  from  epilepsy)  and  con- 
vulsions. The  duration  of  the  attacks  is  very 
variable.  It  appears  to  be  dependent  upon  ir- 
regularity of  nervous  distribution  in  very  im- 
pressible persons,  and  is  not  confined  to  the  fe- 
male; for  well  marked  ca3es  of  hysteria  are  oc- 
casionally met  with  in  men.  During  the  fit, 
— dashing  cold  water  on  the  face;  stimulants, 
applied  to  the  nose  or  exhibited  internally,  and 
antispasmodics  form  the  therapeutical  agents. 
Exercise,  tranquillity  of  mind,  amusing  and 
agreeable  occupations  constitute  the  prophy- 
lactics. 

Hysteria  Catai.eftioa,  Catalepsy. 

HYSTERICISMUS,  Hysteria. 

HYSTERICS,  Hysteria. 

HYSTER1E.  Hysteria. 

HYSTERISMUS,  Hysteria. 

HYSTERITIS.  Metritis. 

HYSTEROCE'LE,  from  'uort oa, l  the  womb,' 
and  xj/Aij,  'hernia.'  Hernia  <  '  the  womb.  This 
is  a  rare  disease.  The  womb  may  protrude 
through  the  inguinal  or  the  crural  canal,  or 
through  the  lower  part  of  the  linea  alba. 

Hysterocele  Nun  a,  Prolapsus  uteri. 

HYSTEROCYSTIC,  Hys'terocys'ticus,  from 
'votiqcc,  '  the  uterus,'  and  xvnjig, '  the  bladder.' 


Relating  to  the  uterus  and  bladder.  SoTnr 
authors  have  called  Hystero- cystic  Retention  »f 

urine,  that  which  is  caused  by  the  compression 
of  the  bladder  by  the  uterus,  during  pregnancy 

HYSTERO-CYSTOCE'LH.  from  «twT«*a, 
'the  womb,'  y.vojic,  'the  bladder,'  and  xr/Xtj,  'a 
tumour.'  Hernia  of  the  uterus  complicated 
with  displacement  of  the  bladdpr. 

HYSTERO  ID,  Hystero' 'des,  Hysleroi'des, 
from  'hysteria,  and  ndug,  'resemblance.'  Re- 
sembling hysteria:  —  as  a  hysteroid  disease, 
symptom,  &c. 

HYSTEBOLOX'JA,  Hystereb'sis;  Obtiq'uitas 
u'teri,  Situs  obli'quus  uteri,  Flexio  seu  versio  in- 
cotnple'la  vttri,  Indina'tio  uteri,  Mettolox'in, 
Metrocamps'is,  Uterus  Obli'quus,  U.  Inclina'tus; 
from  'uaxeoa, '  the  uterus,'  and  Xulng,  '  oblique.' 
An  oblique  position  of  the  uteruo,  occurring 
during  pregnancy.  Anteversion  of  the  uterus, 
ifysierolox'ia  anterior,  Anteeer'sio  u'teri,  Promt'- 
tio  uteri,  Venirr  propi -miens  ;  and  Retroversion  of 
the  uterus,  Hysteroloz'ia  posterior,  Retrover'sio 
uteri,  Reffra/io  uteri  comph-ta,  are  varieties. 

H Y STER OM A  LA'CI A,  Hysteromalaco'sis, 
Malaco'sis  uteri,  Pulrescen'tia  u'teri  grnv'idi, 
from  'uoiioa,  'the  uterus,'  and  pukuztu,  'soft- 
ness.' Softness  of  the  ntcrus,  during  preg- 
nancy, which  renders  it  liable  to  rupture  in> 
labour. 

HYSTEROMAMA,  Nymphomania. 

HYST£RON'CUS,from  W^u-.'the  u terns/ 
and  oyzi/c.  'tumour.'     A  tumour  of  the -uterus. 

HYSTEROPHYSE,  Physo.netra. 

HYSTEROPH'YSIS,  from  '^r£?«,  'the  ute- 
rus,' and  <3>ua»/,  'wind.'  Distention  of  the  ute- 
rus with  air.     Emphysema  uteri. 

HYSTEROPSOPHIA,  Phvsometra. 

HYSTEROPTO'SIS,  from  'aireou,  'the 
womb,'  and  nrvtots,  '  fall.'  Prolapsus  uteri. 
Also  1'iversio  uteri.  In  a  general  sense,  a  pro- 
trusion of  any  of  the  genital  organs  or  of  ex- 
crescences from  them  into  the  genital  passages 
JEdoptosis. 

Hysteroptosis,  Prolapsus  uteri — h.  Vagina 
prolapsus,  Prolapsus  vaginre. 

HYSTEROSAEP1NX,  Tube,  Fallopian. 

HYS'TEEOSCOPE,  from  'vmsna,  'the  ute- 
rus.' and  ay.oTiiw,  '  1  view.'  A  metallic  mirror 
used,  in  inspecting  the  state  of  the  os  uteri.  f>r 
throwing  the  rays  of  a  taper  to  the  bottom  of 
the  sneculum  uteri.    Colombat  de  l'lsere. 

HYSTEROSTOMA,  Os  uteri.  . 

HYSTEROSTOMAT'OMUS,  from  'urn^u, 
'the  womb,'  cjopa,  'orifice,'  and  Tiurnv,  'to 
cut.'  An  instrument  invented  by  Coutouly 
for  dividing  the  os  uteri,  when  it  is  important 
to  deliver  immediately,  as  in  eases  of  convul- 
sions. 

HYSTEROTOM ATOCIA,  Cesarean  section. 

HYSTEROTOMY,  Caaarean  section. 

HYSTEROT'OMUS,  from  'vortQa,  'the 
womb,'  and  reurcn,  'to  cut.'  An  instrument 
for  dividing  the  womb  through  the  vagina.  It  is 
a  kind  of Btstouri cache, and  is  intended  to  divide 
the  cervix  uteri. 

H  YSTRIASIS.  Hystriciasis. 

H YSTRICPASI8.  Htjstriasis,  Hys'lrix,  Hys- 
tricis'mus,   Cerostro'sis,    Uriel  •■    from 

'v'Ucnic,  'a  hedgehog  or  porcupine.'  A  disease 
of  the  hairs,  in  which  they  stand  erect  like  the 
quills  of  a  porcupine 

HYSTRICISMUS,  Ilvstriciasis. 

HYSTRIX,  Hystriciasis. 


IAMATOLOGY 


399 


ICTERUS 


I. 


IAMATOLOGY,  Materia  rnedica. 
IAMATOSYlNTAXIOLOGIA,  see  Prescrip- 
tion. 

IAMATOTAXIOLOGIA,  see  Prescription. 

1ASIMOS,  Curable. 

1AS1S.  Curation. 

IATEKIA,  Medicina._ 

1 ATR  A  L  EI  P'TIC  K,  iarou\ii.iriKrj  nrvij, 
latraleiptic  method,-  same  etymon.  The  method 
of  treating  diseases  adopted"  by  the  Iatraieiptes, 
that  is,  by  friction  chiefly. 

I  AT  R  A  L  E  1"  T  E  S,  latraleip'tes,  latraiip'ta, 
Med'icus  Unguentafrius ;  from  tar^o?,  'a  physi- 
cian,' and  <x/Lti9u),  'I  anoint.'  One  who  treats 
diseases  by  unguents,  frictions,  and  by  external 
means  generally.  Prodicus,  a  discipk  of  JEscu- 
lapius,  was  the  chief  of  the  Iatraleptes. 

lATREUSIOLOG"lA,  from  taranrtg,  'the 
exercise  of  the  art  of  healing,'  and  ioyog,  'a 
description.'  The  doctrine  of  the  exercise  of 
the  healing  art. — Reil. 

IATREU'SIS,  icxTQtvotg.  The  exercise  of  the 
healing  art 

IATRICE,  Medicina. 

lATRI'NE,  largiit;.  A  female  practitioner 
of  medicine;  a  midwife. 

IATRTON,  latre'on,  Iatron.  The  house  of 
a  physician  or  surgeon.  Also,  the  physician's 
fee  or  honorarivm. 

IATROCHYMIA,  Chymiatria,  Chemistry, 
medical. 

IATROGNOM'ICA,  fatrognom'ice ,-  from 
'stroo?,  'a  physician,'  and  yivwaxa.  'I  know.'  A 
knowledge  of  medical  objects — Hufeland. 

IATRO-MATHEMATICAL  PHYSICIANS, 
Mechanical  physicians. 

IATRON.  latrion. 

IATROPHYSICS,  Physics,  medical. 

IATROS.  Physician. 

JATROTECHNICE,  Medicina, Therapeutics. 

IBERIS,  Lepidium  iberis — i.  Sophia,  Carda- 
mine  pratensis. 

IBlCUIBA,  Becuiba,  or  Becuiba  nux.  A  spe- 
cies of  nut  from  Brazil,  the  emulsive  kernel  of 
which  is  ranked  amongst  balsamic  remedies. 

IBIS,  tfSic.  A  bird  held  sacred  by  the  JEgyp- 
tians.  When  s«ick,  it  is  asserted,  that  it  "was 
wont  to  inject  the  water  of  the  Nile  into  its  fun- 
dament: whence,  according  to  Lano-ius,  was 
learned  the  use  of  glysters 

IBISCHA  MISMALVA,  AItha;a. 

IBIXUMA,  Saponaria. 

ICE,  Sax.  ir,  Glories,  Frozen  water.  (F.) 
Glace.  Iced  water  is  much  used  internally,  as 
the  best  refrigerant  in  fever.  It  is,  also,  ap- 
plied externally,  in  cases  of  external  inflam- 
mation, as  well  as  in  phrenitic,  and  hernial 
affections,  &0. 

ICE-COLD,  fey  cold,  (F.)  Froid  Gkcial.  A 
very  strong  morbid  sensation  of  cold,  compared 
by  the  patient  to  that  which  would  be  produced 
by  the  application  of  pieces  of  ire. 

ICELAND,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Hot  springs  nie  found  in  every  pait  of  Ireland. 
The  most  noted  of  these  is  one  called  Geyser, 
two  days'  journey  from  Hecla,  and  near  Skal- 
holt.  The  diameter  of  the  basin  is  59  feet;  and 
the  height  to  which  the  water  is  thrown,  often 
more  than  100.    The  heat  of  the  water  is  2 12°. 


ICE  PLANT,  Mesembryanthemum  crystalli- 
num,  Monotropa  unifiora. 

ICHOR,  < %«'§ .  Sanies,  (q.  v.)  Snrdcs,  Virus, 
Pus  malig'num,  Tubuin.  A  thin,  aqueous,  and 
acrid  discharge. 

ICHOROIDES,  Ichorous. 

ICH'OROUS,  Ichoro'sus,  hhorul'dcs.  Be- 
longing to  or  resembling  ichor. 

ICHTHYOCOI/LA,  from  i^flvj,  'a  fish,' 
and  aoJAa,  '  glue.'  Culla  Pis'civm,  I'singlass, 
Fish-glue,  (K.)  Ichthyorolle,  Colic  de  Poiss'on. 
A  name  given  to  the  dried  fish  bladder  of  the 
Acipcn'ser  huso,  and  other  specit  s  of  acipenser. 
which  is  almost  wholly  composed  of  gelatin, 
and  is  employed  in  medicine  in  the  formation 
of  nutritive  jellies.  It  is,  also,  occasionally, 
used  in  anatomical  injections.  The  Englilh 
Court  Plas/c-r  is  made  with  it. 

ICHTH  YOPH'AGISTS,  Ichthyoph'agi,  from 
tX^vc,  'a  fish,'  and  yayvt,  'I  eat.'  People  who 
feed  habitually  on  fish  ; — generally  the  most 
uncivilized  of  mankind. 

ICHTHYO'SIS,  from  tX9v(,  'a  fish,'  from 
the  resemblance  of  the  scales  to  those  of  a  fish 
— Lepido'sis  Ichthyosis,  Lepra  Ichthyo'sis,  Le- 
pido'sis Ichthyo'sis,  Fishskin,  Porcupine  Disease. 
A  permanently  harsh,  dry,  scaly,  and,  in  some 
cases,  almost  horny  texture  of  the  integuments 
of  the  body,  unconnected  with  internal  disorder. 
Willan  and  Bateman  have  two  varieties,  I.  sim- 
plex, and  /.  cornea.  Alibert  has  three,  the  /. 
nacree  or  pearly,  the  /.  cornee,  and  the  /.  pel- 
lagre  or  pellagra. 

Ichthyosis  Pem.agka,  Pellagra. 

Ichthyosis  Seba'cha,  Seba'ceous  Ichthyo'sis. 
A  morbid  incrustation  of  concreted  sebaceous 
substance  upon  the  surface  of  the  epidermis, 
confounded,  according  to  Mr.  E.  Wilson,  with 
ichthyosis,  to  which  it  bears  a  close  resem- 
blance. In  many  cases  there  is  neither  redness 
nor  heat,  nor  is  the  affection  often  accompanied 
by  constitutional  symptoms. 

FCICA  ARAOOUCHI'NT.  Jracouchiui  is  a. 
balsam  extracted,  by  incision,  from  this  tree 
in  Guyana.  The  Galibis  use  it  for  healing 
wounds 

ICTllRE,  Icterus — i.  Bleu,  Cyanopathy — i. 
des  JVouvcazt-ius,  Icterus  infantum — i.  JVoire, 
Mefena. 

ICTERITIA  ALBA,  Chiorosis-i.  Flava, 
Icterus — i.  Rubea,  Erysipelas — i.  Rubra,  Erysi- 
pelas. 

ICTERUS,  Id 'terns  fluvus,  I.  vertis,  from 
/xtic,  a  species  of  weasel,  whose  eyes  are  yel- 
low^') Morbus  arcua'lus  vel  arqua'tus,  Auru'go, 
Avri'gn,  Morbus  regivs,  Morbus  lute'ulus,  Chn- 
lelith'ia  icterus,  Cholihse'mia,  Suffrfsio  aurigino'- 
sct,  Icier  ilia  flava,  li'cus  flavus,  I.  Icteroidc?, 
Cachez'ia  iclcr'icu,  Ftllis  suffu'sio,  Fellis  oh- 
struc'tio,  F.  Superfu'sio.  Jaundice,  Yellows,  (F.) 
latere,  Jaunisse,  Bile  repandue.  A  disease,  the 
principal  symptom  of  which  is  yellowness  of 
the  skin  and  eyes,  with  white  feces  and  high- 
coloured  urine.  It  admits  of  various  causes, 
in  fact,  any  thing  which  can  directly  or  indi- 
rectly obstruct  the  course  of  the  bile,  so  that 
it.  is  taken  into  the  mass  of  blood  and  pro- 
duces the  yellowness  of  surface  ;  the  bile  be- 
ing separated  by  the  kidneys,  causes  yellowness 


ICTERUS  ALBUS 


400 


I  LEO- LUMBAR,  &c. 


of  urine,  and  its  being  prevented  from  teaching 
the  intestine,  occasions  the  pale-coloured  feces. 
The  prognosis,  in  ordinary  eases,  is  favourable; 
— when  complicated  with  hepatic  disease,  un- 
favourable. The  treatment  is  simple: — an 
emetic  or  purgative,  given  occasionally  so  as 
to  elicit  the  return  of  the  bile  to  its  ordinary 
channels;  light  tonics;  unirritating  diet;  cheer- 
ful company,  &c. 

Icterus  Albus,  Chlorosis. 

Icterus  Infan'tum,  /.  J\"eonato'rum,  or  Yel- 
low gum,  Yellow  goicn,  Pad'ui'ervs,  Auri'go 
neophyto'rum,  (F.)  Ictere  des  nouveau-ni's  is  a 
common  affection  and  frequently  dependent 
upon  obstruction  of  the  choledoch  duct,  by  the 
meconium.  It  requires  time;  and  castor  oil, 
occasionally. 

Icterus  Melas,  Melaena — i.  Neonatorum,  I. 
infantum. 

ICTODES  FCETIDUS.Dracontium  fcetidum. 

ICTUS.  'A  stroke  or  blow;'  PlegS,  Plaga, 
Ictus  soils,  a  stroke  of  the'  sun.  See  Coup  de 
soleil.  Ictus,  also,  means  the  pulsation  of  an 
artery,  and  the  sting  of  a  bee  or  other  insect. 

Ictus,  Blow — i.  Cordis  et  arteriarum,  Pulse 
— i.  Snlis,  Coup  de  soleil. 

IDE'A,  1'dea,  Ida' turn,  Ideach  (  ?  Paracelsus) 
(F.)  M6e.  The  image  or  representation  of  an 
object  in  the  mind;  from  tidixi,  'I  see.' 

IDEACH,  Idea. 

1DHE,  Idea, 

IDEN'TITY  (PERSONAL),  Iden'titas, from 
idem,  'the  same.'  Sameness.  It  is  sometimes 
a  question  in  legal  medicine  to  decide  upon 
personal  identity;  that  is,  whether  an  indivi- 
dual be  the  same  he  represents  himself  to  be. 
Physical  marks  form  the  «reat  criteria. 

IDEOL'OGY,  Idtolog"in,  from  t.ta,  'I  see,' 
and  loyoq,  'a  discourse.'  The  science  of  ideas. 
Intellectual  philosophy. 

IDAOSYJSCHYSIF,  Delirium. 

IDIO-MIASMATA,  see  Miasm. 

1DIOCRAS1S,  Idiosyncrasy. 

IDIOCTON1A,  Suicide. 

IDIOPATHIC  or  IDIOPATHEI'A,  Proto- 
pat  hi' a,  Pro'prius  affec'tus,  from  idioc,  'pecu- 
liar, proper,'  and  nudcc,  'an  affection.'  A 
primary  disease;  one  not  depending  on  any 
other. 

IDIOPATHIC,  Pro'prio  hab'itu,  constilu- 
tio'ue  pro'prid  pendens.  Idiopatk'icus.  Primary 
affections  and  their  symptoms  are  so  denomi- 
nated. 

IDIOPTCY.  Achromatopsia. 

IDIOSYN'CRASY,  Idioc'rasy,  Tdioayn'crasis, 
Idiolrojilt'ia.  Idioc'rasis,  Idiosyncris'ia,  from  i5i-*c, 
'peculiar,'  rvr,  '  with,'  and  Koatriq,  'tempera- 
ment.' A  peculiarity  of  constitution,  in  which 
one  person  is  affected  by  an  agent,  which,  in 
numerous  others,  would  produce  no  effect. 
Thu3  shell-fish,  bitter  almonds,  produce  urti- 
caria in  some,  by  virtue  of  their  idiosyncrasies. 
Others  faint  at  the  sijrht  of  blood,  &c. 

IDIOT,  Idio'ta,  'foolish,  stupid,  ignorant.' 
One  who  is  fatuous,  or  who  does  not  possess 
sufficient  intellectual  faculties  for  the  social 
condition,  and  for  preserving  himself  from 
clanger. 

ID'IOTISM,  Id'iocy,  Id'iotey,  Idiotvfrws. 
Same  etymon.  Mo'n'/i  demens  Anm'a,  Mo'ria. 
More/sis,  Fatu'itas,  Jimen'tia.  A  species  of 
unsound  mind,  characterized  by  more  or  less 
complete   obliteration  of  the   intellectual  and 


moral  faculties.  It  may  supervene  on  mania 
and  melancholia,  when  it  is  termed  Dementia, 
but  more  commonly  depends  upon  original  con- 
formation. It  may,  also,  be  symptomatic  of 
organic  disease  of  the  brain,  which  has  come 
on  after  birth.  Idiotism  exists  in  various  de- 
grees. Some  idiots  are  mere  automata;  ex- 
hibiting scarcely  any  sensibility  to  external  im- 
pressions; others  are  capable  of  articulating  a 
few  words,  and  possess  certain  mental  emotions 
to  a  limited  extent.  The  physiognomy  is  usu- 
ally vacant,  step  unsteady,  and  articulation 
imperfect  or  broken.  The  affection  is  almost 
always  incurable. 

1DIOTROPHIA,  Idiosyncrasy. 

IDOLUM,  Hallucination,  Idea. 

IF,  Taxus  baccata. 

IFFIDES,  Plumbi  subcarbonas. 

IGNA'TIA  AMA'RA.  The  systematic  name 
of  the  plant  which  affords  St.  Ignatius'*  Bean. 
Faba  In'dica,  Fuba  Sancli  Igna'tii,  Faba  febrif- 
vga.  (F)  Ignatie,  Feve  de  Saint  Ignace.  The 
seeds  are  bitter  and  poisonous,  containing 
Strvchnia;  which  see. 

IGNATIE,  Ignatia  amara. 

IGNAVIA,  Inertia. 

IGNIS, 'fire.'     Hence: 

Ignis  Cal'idus.  'A  hot  fire.'  A  violent 
inflammation,  about  to  degenerate  into  gan- 
grene. 

Ignis  Frig"idus.     '  A  cold  fire;'  a  sphacelus. 

Ignis  Persicus,  Anthrax,  Herpes  zoster— i. 
Sacer,  Erysipelas,  Plerpes  zoster — i.  Sancti  An- 
tonii,  Erysipelas. 

Ignis  Sapien'tium.  The  ancient  name  for 
the  heat  of  horses'  dung. 

Ignis  SYLVA'r'icrs,  /.  sylves'tris,  I.  volat'icvs, 
J.  vola'grius,  Strophulus  sylves'tris,  S.  volat'icus, 
(F.)  Feu  sauvage,  F.volage, Flamlmise.  Probably 
the  Porri'go  lurvu'lis  or  crvsta  lactea  of  infants. 
Also,  a  transient  redness  of  the  face  and  neck, 
sometimes  observed  in  hysterical  and  chlorotic 
females. 

Ignis  Sylvestris,  l.sylvalicus — i.  Volagrius, 
I.  sylvalicus — i.  Volaticus,  I.  sylvaticus. 

IGNIVORUS,  Pyrophaaus. 

IGNYE,  Poples. 

IGNYS,  Poples. 

ILAPHIS.  Arctium  lappa. 

ILECH,  Yltch,  Ilei as,  Miast ter,  YKu'ter,  Eli- 
ns'tcr,  Ilitis'trum,  Iki'ados,  Ilei'dos,  Iln'athirn, 
Ili'adus.  Terms  used  by  Paracelsus  to  desig- 
nate the  first  matter: — the  beginning  of  every 
thinof. 

ILEI  ADOS,  llech. 

ILEIADUM.Ilech. 

ILEIAS,  llech. 

ILEIDOS,  llech. 

ILEITIS;  from  ileum,,  'the  intestine, ileum,' 
and  His,  a  suffix  denoting  inflammation.  In- 
flammation of  the  jeiunum. 

ILEO- COLITIS,  Enteritis. 

JLEO-DICLIDITF,  see  Typhus. 

ILEO-LUMBAR,  Iltolumba'lis,  or  Ilio-lum- 
bulls.  Belonging  to  the  ilium  and  lumbar  re- 
gion. 

Ileo-LUMBAH  or  Ilio-lumbar  Artery,  Iliaeo- 
mus'cular,  (Ch.),  is  given  off  by  the  hypogastric, 
opposite  the  base  of  the  sacrum.  It  ascends 
behind  the  psoas  muscle,  and  divides  into  two 
branches;  —  an  ascending  and  a  transverse, 
which  give  off  numerous  ramifications  to  the 
neighbouring  parts. 


ILEO-LUMBAR  LIGAMENT 


401 


ILIAC  SPINES 


Il.EO-LUMBABOr  1  LIO-LUMB  AR  Lig'amENT,  IHo- 

hanlni-ccr'ttliral  ligament,  Verlebro- Iliac  liga- 
ment,  is  a  broad,  membranif'orm,  triangular  liga- 
rnent,e.\tending  horizontally  from  the  transverse 
process  of  the  5th  lumbar  vertebra  to  the  upper 
and  posterior  part  of  the  iliac  crest.  It  unites 
the  vertebral  column  with  the  pelvis. 

IL'EON,  Ileum,  Eil'eon,  Ilium,  Intesti'num 
circumvolu! turn,  from  ttltiv,  'to  turn,'  'to  twist.' 
Anatomists  have  given  this  name  to  the  longest 
portion  of  the  small  intestine,  which  extends 
from  the  jejunum  to  the  caecum.  It  was  so 
called,  from  its  forming  a  considerable  number 
of  convolutions. 

ILEOPYRA,  see  Typhus. 

ILEOSIS,  Ileus. 

IUKO-TYPHUS,  see  Typhus. 

ILES,  Flanks. 

ILEUS,  Eil'cos,  from  nHsu,  'I  twist  or 
contract.'  Co'lica  Ileus,  Coiica  spasmod'ica, 
Ileus  spasmed' icus,  Chordap'sus,  Passio  Iliaca, 
Iliac  Passion,  Vol'vulus,  Ileo'sis,  Mistre're  mei, 
Convolvulus,  Tormen'lum.  (F.)  Coliqne  de  Mi- 
sericordc,  C.de  Miserere.  A  disease,  character- 
ized by  deep-seated  pain  of  the  abdomen,  ster- 
coraceous  vomiting,  and  obstinate  constipation. 
It  is  often  occasioned  by  hernia  obstructing  the 
passage  of  the  faeces  through  a  part  of  the  in- 
testinal canal.  The  term  Ileus  has  been  ap- 
plied to  various  affections — to  simple  nervous 
colic,  intussusception,  and  to  strangulation  of 
the  small  intestine,  &c.  Various  remedies  have 
been  employed; — the  majority  for  the  purpose 
of  procuring  alvine  evacuations:  e.  g.  purga- 
tives, in  draught,  pill,  or  olyster;  suppositories, 
tobacco  gly  sters;  pure  mercury ;  leaden  bullets  ; 
antispasmodics  and  narcotics;  blisters  to  the 
epigastrium;  ice  by  the  mouth  or  injected  into 
the  rectum.  Some  of  these  have,  occasionally, 
succeeded, — especially  the  tobacco  glyster,  and 
ice  to  the  tumour,  where  the  disease  has  been 
occasioned  by  strangulated  hernia.  It  is  very 
dangerous. 

Ileus  Flavus,  Icterus — i.  Icteroides,  Icterus 
— i.  Inflammatnrius,  Enteritis. 

ILEX  AQUIFO'LIUM.  The  systematic 
name  of  the  Common  Holly,  Aquifo'lium,  Agri- 
fo'liuni,  (F.)  Houx,  H.  commun  ou  Chene  vert. 
The  leaves  of  this  plant  have  been  recom- 
mended as  tonic,  astringent,  and  antiseptic, 
and  have  been  prescribed  in  atonic  gout;  in- 
termittents;  dyspepsia,  &c.  Ilicine,  the  ac- 
tive principle,  has  also  been  advised.  It  is  ob- 
tained by  dissolving  the  alcoholic  extract  of  the 
leaves  of  the  holly  in  water,  and  successively 
treating  it  with  the  subacetate  of  lead,  sulphu- 
ric acid,  and  carbonate  of  lime.  The  filtered 
and  evaporated  product  is  then  dissolved  in  al- 
cohol: the  mixture  filtered  and  evaporated  in 
shallow  vessels. 

Ii.f.x  Cassine,  Ilex  vomitoria. 

Ilex  Major.  From  the  berries  of  this  tree, 
called  by  the  Spaniards,  Bellotas,  a  juice  may 
be  expressed,  which  forms  a  slightly  astringent 
emulsion  with  water,  and  has  been  recommend- 
ed by  some  Spanish  physicians  in  humid  cough, 
haemoptysis,  &c. 

Ilex  Mate,  Ilex  paraguensis. 

Ilkx  Opa'c a,  American  Holly,  grows  through- 
out the  Atlantic  portion  of  the  United  States. 
It  is  said  to  possess  the  same  properties  as  the 
European  variety. 

Ilex   Pahaguen'sis,  J.  Mats.    A  native  of 


Paraguay,  which  affords  the  celebrated  Matlec, 
or  Mate,  drunk  in  place  of  the  Chinese  tea  by 
the  people  of  Paraguay. 

Ilex  Vojmito'hia,  Ilex  Casi'ne,  Cassi'na,  Da- 
hoon  holly,  A  pa  la  eh' in  6  Gallis,  South-Sea  Tea, 
Ev'ergreen  Cassi'nS,  Cassee'na,  Yaupon,  Yo- 
pon,  (F.)  The.  den  Apalaches,  Houx  Apalachine, 
Apalachine,  The  de  la  Mc.r  du  Sad.  A  tree,  in- 
digenous in  the  southern  parts  of  the  United 
States.  The  leaves,  when  dried,  are  aromatic, 
stimulant,  stomachic,  and  expectorant,  and  are 
used  as  tea.  When  fresh,  they  are  emetic  and 
cathartic. 

ILIA,  Flanks. 

ILIAC,  lli'acus,  from  Ilia,  'the  flanks.'  Re- 
lating to,  or  connected  with,  the  flanks. 

Imac  Ah'tf.yues,  Arte' rise  Iliacze.  This  term 
has  been  given  to  several  arteries.  The  Pri- 
mary lliacs,  (F.)  A.  Iliaques  primitives, — Pelvi- 
cruiales,  (Ch.)  arise  from  the  bifurcation  of  the 
aorta,  opposite  the  body  of  the  4th  lumbar  ver- 
tebra, and  descend,  in  a  divergent  manner; 
until,  opposite  the  sacro-iliac  symphysis,  they 
divide  into  two  considerable  trunks, — the  in- 
ternal iliac  or  hypogastric  (which  see)  and  the 
external  iliac — Portion  Ilia  que  de  la  crurale,  (Ch.) 
This  proceeds  from  the  sacro-iliac  juncture  as 
far  as  the  crural  arch,  when  it  assumes  the  name 
Femoral  Artery.  Before  passing  under  the  arch, 
it.  gives  off  two  pretty  considerable  branches, — 
the  Epigastric  and  the  Circumjiexa  Ilii.  This 
last,  which  is  called,  also,  anterior  Iliac  by  some 
anatomists, —  Circonfiexedel 'Ilium;  (Ch.)  leaves 
the  external  iliac  at  the  crural  arch.  It  ascends 
along  the  outer  edge  of  the  iliacus  muscle,  and 
divides  into  two  branches, —  an  internal  and  ex- 
ternal. 

The  Iliaca  Inter'na  Minor  vel  Ilio-lumhalis  is 
a  small  artery,  which  sometimes  arises  from  the 
hypogastric;  at  others,  from  the  beginning  of 
the  gluteal.  It  is  sent,  chiefly,  to  the  psoas  and 
iliacus  internus  muscles. 

Iliac  Crest,  Crista  Ilii,  is  the  upper  margin 
of  the  ilium.  (F.)  Crete  Iliaque.  It  is  very 
thick,  and  curved  like  the  Italic  &  It  affords 
attachment  to  the  broad  muscles  of  the  abdo- 
men. 

Iliac  Fossje  are  two  in  number:  the  iniernal, 
the  depression  presented  by  the  ilium  on  its 
interior,  and  at  the  upper  part  in  which  the 
Iliacus  internus  is  lodged:— and  the  external,  an 
excavation  on  the  outer  surface  of  the  same 
bone,  occupied  by  the  Glutei  muscles. 

Iliac  Muscle,  Internal,  Iliacus  internus, 
Muscle,  Iliacus,  Iliaco-troclianUrien  (Ch.) ;  Fe- 
mur moven'tiurn  sep'timus,  Iliac  muscle,  is  situ- 
ate in  the  fossa  iliaca,  and  at  the  anterior  and 
superior  part  of  the  thigh.  It  is  broad,  radiated, 
triangular;  and  is  attached,  above,  to  the  two 
upper  thirds  of  the  fossa  iliaca,  and  to  the  in- 
ternal part  of  the  iliac  crest: — below,  it  termi- 
nates by  a  tendon,  which  is  common  to  it  and 
the  psoas  magnus,  and  is  fixed  into  the  lesser 
trochanter.  When  this  muscle  contracts,  it 
bends  the  pelvis  on  the  thigh,  and  conversely. 
It  ia  also  a  rotator  of  the  thigh  outwards,  and 
prevents  the  trunk  from  falling  backwards. 

Iliac  Region  is  the  side  of  the  abdomen  be- 
tween the  ribs  and  the  hips. 

Iliac  Spines,  or  Spinous  Proc"esses  of  the 
Ilium,  are  four  in  number.  They  are  distin- 
guished into  anterior  and  posterior.  Ot  the  an- 
terior, one  is  superior.    It  bounds  the  crista  ilii 


ILIAC  0-  TR  0  C11AXT&R1EN 


402 


IMMOVABLE  APPARATUS 


anteriorly,  and  affords  origin  to  the  sartorius 
muscle.  The  other  is  inferior,  and  receives  the 
tendinous  origin  of  the  rectus  femoris. 

The  two  Posterior  Iliac  Spirits  are  divided, 
like  the  anterior,  into  superior  and  inferior. 
They  afford  insertion  to  strong  ligaments, 
which  unite  the  ilium  with  the  sacrum. 

II.IACO-TROCHAJSTARUK,  Iliacus  interims. 

IL1ACUS,  I.  internus — i.  Externus,  Pyrarni- 
dalis. 

ILIADUS,  Ilech. 

IU ASTER,  llech. 

IL1ASTRUM,  Ilech. 

ILINGOS,  Vertigo. 

ILIO-ABDOMLYAL,  Obliquus  internus  ab- 
dominis— i.  Aponivrosi-femoral,  Fascia  lata 
muscle — i.  Costal,  Quadratus  lumborum  —  i. 
Cresti-libial,  Sartorius — i.  Femoral,  Coxo-femo- 
ral — i.  Ischii-trochanterien,  Gluteus  minimus — 
i.  Lombo-cosfo-abdominaL  Obliquus  internus  ab- 
dominis— i.  Lumbalis,  Ileo-lumbar,  Iliaca  in- 
terna minor  arteria — i.  Lumbi-cosUil,  Quadratus 
lumborum — i.  Lumbo-vertebral  ligament,  lleo- 
lumbar  ligament. 

ILIO-PECTINEA,  belonging  to  the  ilium 
and  to  the  pecten  or  pubis. 

Ilio-pectineal  Eminence  is  so  called  from 
being  formed  by  the  junction  of  the  ramus  of 
the  ilium  with  that  of  the  pubis.  It  affords  at- 
tachment to  the  psoas  minor. 

Ilio-Pectinea  Linea,  or  Linea  binominal ta, 
is  the  projecting  line  or  ridge  of  the  ilium  and 
pubis,  which  forms  part  of  the  brim  of  the 
pelvis. 

ILlOPRllTlRIAL,  Sartorius  —  /.  Pubo-cos- 
to-abdominal,  Obliquus  externus  abdominis — i. 
Rotuli.en,  Rectus  femoris — i.  Sacral,  Sacro-iliac 
— i.  Sacral  articulation,  Sacro-iliac  articulation 
— i.  Sacrofemoral,  Gluteus  major. 

lLio-scnoTAL,I/io-scrota'Iis.  Professor  Chaus- 
sier  calls  thus  the  external  twig,  furnished  by 
the  anterior  branch  of  the  first  lumbar  pair  of 
nerves.  It  distributes  its  ramifications  to  the 
muscles  of  the  abdomen,  and  to  the  integu- 
ments of  the  groin,  pubes.  and  scrotum. 

ILIO-TROCHANT^RIEJV,  Glulasus  medius 
— i.  Trochanterics  petit,  Gluteus  minimus. 

IL'ION, Il'ium,  Ileum,  Haunch  Rone.  The  largest 
of  the  three  bones  which  constitute  the  os  inno- 
minatum  in  the  foetus  and  child.  It  was  pro- 
bably so  called,  from  its  seeming  to  support  the 
intestine  ileon;  or,  perhaps,  because  its  crest  is 
curved  upon  itself,  from  tiAtco,  'I  twist,'  'I  roll.' 
This  portion  of  the  os  innominatum  is  usually 
go  called  in  the  adult.  The  posterior  surface  is 
called  Dorsum,  the  internal  Venter.  The  upper 
semicircular  edge  is  the  Crista  or  Spine:  at  the 
anterior  part  of  which  is  the  anterior  and  supe- 
rior spinous  process,-  and,  below,  the  anterior 
and  inferior  spinous  process.  At  the  back  part 
of  the  spine  are  two  spinous  processes,  the  pos- 
terior and  superior,  and  posterior  and  inferior. 
See  Iliac. 

ILIUM,  Ileum,  II ion. 

ILITHYl'A,  tiXnQvia,  Luci'na,  Juno  Lvcina. 
The  Goddess  who  presided  over  parturient  fe- 
males, with  the  Greeks  and  Romans. 

ILKESTON,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Ilkeston  is  in  Derbyshire,  England,  about  eight 
miles  from  Nottingham.  The  water  contains 
carbonates  of  lime  and  soda, chloride  of  calcium, 
sulphate  of  magnesia,  sulphate  of  soda,  carbonic 
acid,  sulphohydric  acid,  and  a  little  iron. 


ILLACHRYMATIO,  Epiphora. 
ILLECEBRA.Sedum— i.  Major, Sedum  tele- 
phium. 

ILLEGITIMATE,  Megifimus,  from  in,  'ne- 
gation  or  opposition,'  and  legit!imus,  'legiti- 
mate;' from  lex,  legis,  'law.'  That  which  is 
contrary  to  law:  which  has  not  the  conditions 
required  by  law, — as  an  illegitimate  birth — one 
out  of  wedlock. 

Illegitimate  or  Bastard  Fevers,  are  those 
whose  progress  is  anomalous. 

ILLI"CIUM  ANISA'TUM,  'Yellow-flowered 
Anise,  or  An'iseed  Tree,  Star  Anise,  Ani'sum 
stellallum,  Anisum  Sinen'se,  Semen  Radian,  (F.) 
Anis  de  la  Chine,  A.  e"toile,Badiane.  Fam.  Mng- 
noliaceae.  Sex.  Syst.  Polyandria  Polygynia.  The 
seeds  are  used  like  the  aniseed.  The  same  tree 
is  supposed  to  furnish  the  aromatic  bark,  called 
Cortex  A  nisi  Stellali,  or  Cortex  Luvola. 

Illicium  anisatum  is  said  to  furnish  much  of 
the  so  called  Oil  of  Anise  used  in  the  United 
States. 

Illi"cium  Florida'num,  Florida  Anise  Tree, 
Star  Anise,  Sweet  Laurel.  An  evergreen  shrub, 
the  bark,  leaves,  &c.  of  which,  have  a  spicy 
odour  like  anise,  and  might  be  used  for  it. 

1lli"cium  Parviflo'rum,  a  shrub  of  the 
hilly  regions  of  Georgia  and  Carolina,  has  a 
flavour  closely  resembling  that  of  sassafras  root. 

ILLITIO.  Inunction. 

ILLOS,  Eye. 

ILLO'SIS,  tXXwotc,  from  tUo?,  'the  eye.' 
Distortion  of  the  eyes.     Strabismus,  (q.  v.) 

ILLUSION,  Hallucination. 

ILLUTAMENTUM.see  Illutatio. 

ILLUTA'TIO,  from  in,  'upon,'  and  lutum, 
'mud.'  A  word  used,  by  the  ancients,  for  the 
act  of  covering  any  part  of  the  body  with  mud, 
— ill at a  men' turn — with  therapeutical  views. 

IMAGINATION,  Imagina'lio,  Figura'tw, 
Phanta'sia,  Dianoe'ma,  from  imago,  '  image.' 
The  faculty  of  forming  in  the  mind  an  assem- 
blage of  images  and  combinations  of  ideas, 
which  are  not  always  in  connexion  with  ex- 
terna} objects. 

IMBALSAMATIOJY.  Embalming. 

IMBECIL'ITY,  ImLccil' Idas.  Weakness, 
especially  of  the  intellect. 

IMBER'BIS,  Agenei'os,  Apo'gon.  One  devoid 
of  beard. 

IMBIBITIO,  Absorption. 

IMBIBF'TION,  Imbibi"tio,  Emp'tosis,  Endos- 
mose,  (q.  v.)  Aspiration,  from  irubib'ere,  (in,  and 
bibere,)  'to  drink,  to  imbibe.'  The  action,  by 
which  a  body  becomes  penetrated  by  a  liquid. 
See  Endosmose.  Many  of  the  phenomena  of 
absorption  are  owing  to  imbibition. 

IMBREX  NAR1UM.  Septum  narium. 

IMMERSUS,  Subs-capularis  muscle. 

IM'MJNENCE,  Imminen'tia,  from  im,  and 
manere,  'to  stay,'  staying  over,  or  upon;  im- 
pending. Some  authors  have  designated,  by 
this  term,  the  period  which  precedes  the  inva- 
sion of  a  disease;  and  when  certain  indications 
foretell  its  approach. 

IMMIXEJVCE  MORBIDE,  Diathesis,  Pre- 
disposition. 

IMMISSOR.  Catheter. 

IMMOBILITAS,  Acinesia— i.Pupillaj,  Amau- 
rosis. 

IMMOVABLE  APPARATUS,  see  Appara- 
tus, Immovable, 


IMPACTION 


403 


INCENDIUM 


IMPACTION,  Impac'Ho,  from  impingere, 
(im.,  and  pangere,)  'to  strike  against.'  A  frac- 
ture of  the  cranium,  ribs,  or  sternum,  with  de- 
pression of  some  of  the  fragments  and  projec- 
tion of  others  externally.    See  Ecpiesma. 

IMPATJENS  BALSAM'INA,  Balsam  weed, 
Touch-me-not.  Tliis  probably  resembles  the 
other  species  in  its  properties. 

Impa'tiens  Fui.va  and  I  Pal'lida, Touch-me- 
not,  Jewel  weed,  Balsam  wend,  Slippers,  Cel'an- 
dine,  Quick-;  n-the-hand,  Weath'er  cocks.  Indi- 
genous plants,  having  tender,  juicy,  almost 
transparent  stems,  and  yellow  flowers,  which 
appear  in  July  and  August.  It  is  found  in 
low  moist  ground  in  every  part  of  the  Union. 
The  properties  are  probably  the  same  as  those  of 

Impa'tiens  Noi.i-me-tan'gere  of  Europe, 
which  has  an  acrid  taste,  and  acts  as  an  emetic, 
cathartic,  and  diuretic. 

IMPEDIM ENTUM,  Emphragma. 

IMPERATO'RIA.  I.  Ostru'thium,  Ostru- 
thium,  Jlstran' Lia,  Magistrun'tia,  Masterwort, 
(old  Fr.)  Austruche.  The  roots  of  this  plant 
were  formerly  considered  divinum  rcmedium. 
They  are  merely  aromatic  and  bitter,  and  are 
not  used. 

IMPERFORATE  ANI,  Atresia  ani  adnata. 

IM PERFORATION,  from  im,  'in,'  per, 
'through,'  and  forare,  'to  bore.'  Imperfora'tio, 
Atrc'sia,  Atrciis'mus,  Cap'ctus.  Absence  of  a 
natural  aperture;  as,  of  the  mouth,  anus,  vulva, 
nostrils,  &c.  It  is  congenital,  being  dependent 
upon  faulty  conformation. 

I  MP  ERF  ORATION  DE  UAKUS.  Atresia 
ani  adnata. 

IMPETI'GO,  from  impeto,'l  infest.'  Darta, 
Der'bia,  Im'petus,  Pcti'go,  Ecpye'sis  impeti'go, 
Phlysis  impeti'go,  Running  Scull  or  Tetter, 
Crusted  Teller,  Pustular  or  Humid  TnU.er,  Scull, 
Cowrap,  (F.)  Dartre,  D.  cruslacee,  Lepre  hvmide, 
Melitagre,  A  word,  u^ed  in  various  accepta- 
tions. In  some  writers,  it  is  synonymous  with 
itch.  In  others,  it  means  a  variety  of  herpes. 
Sauvages  employs  it  as  a  generic  term,  under 
which  he  comprises  syphilis,  scorbutus,  rachi- 
tis, elephantiasis,  lepra,  the  itch,  tinea,  scrofula, 
&c.  It  forms,  also,  a  genus  in  the  class  Ca- 
chexia, of  Cullen.  In  Baleman,  it  is  the  first 
genus  of  the  5th  order,  Pustulce,  and  is  defined 
—  the  humid  or  running  tetter;  consisting  of 
small  pustules,  denominated  Psydracia.  It  is 
unaccompanied  by  fever;  not  contagious,  or 
communicable  by  inoculation.  He  has  five 
species: — the  /.  figura'ta,  I.  sparsa,  I.  erysipe- 
loid1 des,  I.  scah'ida,  and  I.  rodens.     See  Psoriasis. 

Impetigo  Fig u rata.  Porrigolupinosa — i. Pel- 
lagra, Pellagra — i.  Ulcerata,  Zerna. 

IMPETUS,  Impetigo,  Paroxysm. 

IMPLICIT!  MORBI,  Implica'ti  sen  compli- 
ca'li  Morbi.  Diseases,  which  exist  in  an  organ; 
and  produce,  concurrently,  disorders  in  other 
organs. 

IMPLUVIUM,  Embrocation,  see  Bath. 

IMPOSTHUME,  Abscess. 

IM'POTENCE,  Acrati'a,  Impoten'tia,  (F.) 
Impuissance,  from  im,  'priv.,'  and  polens,  'able.' 
Loss  of  power  over  one  or  more  of  the  members. 
Commonly,  it  means  want  of  sexual  vigour; 
incapacity  for  copulation;  Asty'sia,  Asyno'dia, 
Adynamia  viri'lis.  It  has,  also,  been  used  sy- 
nonymously with  sterility.  Impotence  may  be 
<>r  relative,  constitutional  or  local,  direct 
or  indirect, permanent  or  temporary. 


IMPOTENTIA,  Adynamia. 

IMPOVERISHED,  Effe'tvs,  Depaupera'tus, 
(Y.\  Appauvri.  '  Having  become  poor;'  origi- 
nally from  (L.)  pauper, '  poor.'  The  Humorists 
applied  this  epithet  to  a  humour,  deprived  of  a 
part  of  its  constituents,  and  particularly  to  the 
blood.  This  fluid  was  considered  to  be  im- 
poverished when  it  was  pale;  without  the  pro- 
per consistence;  and  abounding  in  serum.  It 
was,  on  the  contrary,  rich,  in  their  opinion, 
when  of  a  scarlet  colour;  possessing  consis- 
tence; when  it  coagulated  promptly,  and  the 
quantity  of  serum,  compared  with  that  of  the 
clot,  was  by  no  means  considerable. 

IMPR&GNATIO,  Pregnancy. 

IMP  RE  G  N  ATIO  N  .Fecund  at  ion. 

IMPRES'SION,  Impres'sio  (in.  and  premere, 
pressum,  '  to  press,')  ProdtiofB,  (F.)  Ernpreinte. 
A  more  or  less  deep  indentation  which  certain 
organs  seem  to  make  on  others.  The  inequali- 
ties observable  on  the  bones,  which  appear  to 
be  made  by  the  superjacent  organs. 

Imfues'sions  Dig"ital,  are  the  depressions 
of  various  forms,  observable  at  the  inner  sur- 
face of  the  cranium,  which  look,  at  first  view, 
as  if  they  were  made  with  the  fingers. 

IMPU'BER,  Impu'bes,  Impu'l/is,  And  bus, 
Capilla'tus,  from  in,  '  negation,'  and  puberlas, 
'puberty,'  (F.)  Impubere.  One  who  has  not 
attained  the  aoe  of  puberty. 

IMPUBES,  Impuber. 

IMP UISSAJYCE,  Impotence. 

IMPULSE,  DIASTOLIC,  Dark  stroke,  of  the 
heart.  A  jog  or  stroke  which  has  been  termed 
the  'back  stroke,'  felt  at  the  end  of  each  pulsa- 
tion, and  which  would  seem  to  be  owing  to  the 
refilling  of  the  ventricles. 

Impulse  of  the  Heart,  see  Heart. 

INANITIATED,  see  Inanimation. 

IN  ANITIA'TION,  Inunitia'tio,  same  etymon 
as  the  next.  The  act  of  being  exhausted  for 
want  of  nourishment.  One  so  exhausted  is 
said  to  be  inanitiated. 

INANI'TION,  lnani"tio,  Innni'las,  from  i»n- 
nire,  to  '  empty.'  Ceno'sis.  Exhaustion  for  want 
of  nourishment.  To  die  from  inanition  is  to 
die  from  such  exhaustion. 

1NAPPETENT1A.  Anorexia. 

INARTICULATIO,  Enarthrosis. 

IN  A  U  RATION,  biaura'tio,  from  in,  and 
aurum, '  cold.'     The  gildimr  of  pills  or  boluses. 

1NCANTAMEJVTUM,  Charm. 

INCANTATION,  Incunta'iio,  Incanlamen!  - 
tum,  Ep'odS,  from  in,  arid  cantor c,  'to  sing,' — 
for  example,  a  magical  song.  A  mode  of  curing 
diseases  by  charms,  &c,  defended  by  Paracel- 
sus, Van  Helmont,  and  others. 

INCARCERATIO,  Chatonnement—i.  Intesti- 
norum  interna,  Enteremphraxis. 

INCARCERATION,  Incarcera'tio,  from  in, 
'in,' and  career, '  prison.'  A  hernia  is  said  to 
be  incarcerated,  when,  owing  to  constriction 
about  the  neck  of  the  hernial  sac  or  elsewhere, 
it  cannot  be  reduced  with  facility.  Incarcera- 
tion is  sometimes  used  in  the  same  sense  as 
strangulation. 

I N  C  A  R'N  A  N  S,  Incarnati'vus,  Sarco'ticus, 
Stutticus,  Plero'ticus,  Anaplero'ticus,  from  in, 
rind  caro,  caniis,  'flesh.'  Medicines,  which 
were  fancied  to  promote  the  regeneration  of 
the  flesh.  Certain  bandages  and  sutures  have, 
also,  been  so  called. 

INCEN'DIUM,  from  incendere,  (in,  and  can- 


INCENDIUM  SPONTANEUM 


404 


INCUS 


dare,)  '  to  burn.'  Pyrcx'a,  nvqnaia,  Causis, 
Fhlogo'sis.  A  burning  fever  or  any  burning 
heat.—  1 itr.cn' di 'urn  fcbri'le,  Incen'sio. — Willis. 
Inflammation,  (q.  v.)  Phlegmon,  (q.  v.) 

Incendium  Spontaneum, Combustion, human. 

INCENSlO.Incendium. 

INCERATION,  lncera'lio,  Encero'sis,  from 
cera,  '  wax.'  The  act  of  incorporating  wax 
with  some  other  body:  or,  rather,  that  opera- 
tion whose  object  is  to  communicate  to  a  dry 
substance  the  consistence  of  wax. 

INCERNIC'ULUM,  from  incernere,  (in,  and 
cemrre,)  '  to  sift.'     A  strainer  or  sieve. 

INOESSIO,  Balh,  half,  Semicupium. 

INCESS US,  Walking. 

INCIDENTIA,  from  incidere,  (in,  and  cesdere.) 
'to  cut.'  (F.)  Incisifs.  This  name  was  formerly 
given  to  medicines  to  which  was  attributed  the 
property  of  cutting  thick  or  coagulated  hu- 
mours. The  fixed  alkalies,  hydrosulphurets  of 
alkalies,  sulphurous  water,  &c,  were  consi- 
dered to  belong  to  this  class. 

mCISIFS,  Incidentia. 

INCI8IQ,  Cut. 

INCISTOiN./rtciVj'o,  En'rope,  Incisu'ra,  Tome, 
(F.)  Tail/ude.  A  methodical  division  of  soft 
parts  with  a  cutting  instrument. 

INCI'SIVE,  Incisi'vus.  Fossa  incisiva,  F. 
myriifor'mis,  is  a  depression  in  the  superior 
maxillary  bone,  above  the  incisor  teeth. 

Incisive  Bone,  Intermaxillary  bone. 

Incisive  or  Incisok  T eeth,  ben' tcs  inciso'res, 
torn' id,  ctenes,  dichasteres,  gelasi'ni,  primo'res, 
raso'rii.  The  teeth  which  occupy  the  anterior 
part  of  the  upper  and  lower  jaws  are  so  called, 
because  they  are  used  for  cutting  the  food  in 
the  manner  of  cuttinu-  instruments. 

INCISIVUS.  MUSCULUS,  Levator  labii 
superioris  proprius — i.  Inferior,  Levator  labii 
inferioris — i.  Lateralis  et  pyrnmidalis,  Levator 
labii  superioris  alseque  nasi — i.  Medius,  Depres- 
sor aim  nasi. 

INCISOR  TEETH,  Incisive  teeth. 

INCISO'RIUM,  Tomi'on.  Anoperatingtable. 
A  scalpel,  (q.  v.) 

INCISURA,  Incision. 

INCISURES  DE  SANTORINI,  Santorini, 
fissures  of. 

INCITABILITY.  Irritability. 

INCITAMENTUM,  Stimulus. 

INCITANS,  Stimulant. 

INCITATIO.  Stimulus. 

INCLAVATIO,  Gomphosis. 

INCL1NATIO,  Decline. 

INCLUSION,  MONSTROSITY  BY,  Em- 
btAtemmt. 

INCLUSUS,  Wedo-ed. 

INCOHERENCE.  Jinaeolutkie,  (F.)  Revas- 
scric;  from  in,  negative:  to,  con.  cum,  'with,' 
and  hxrerc,  'to  stick.'  Want  of  dependence 
of  one  part  on  another.  The  condition  of  the 
mental  manifestations  in  dementia,  &c. 

INCOMPATIBLE,  from  in,  'negation,'  and 
compelcrc,  'to  agree.'  A  substance,  which 
cannot  be  prescribed  with  another,  without  in- 
terfering with  its  chemical  composition  or  me- 
dicinal activity. 

INCONTINENTIA,  from  in,  'negation,'  and 
contineo,  'I contain.'  'Incontinence,'  'Inability 
to  retain  the  natural  evacuations.'  Abuse  of  the 
pleasures  of  love. 

Incontinentia  Alvi,  Diarrhoea — i.  Urinte, 
Enuresis. 


INCORPORATION,  Incorpora'tio,  Corpora'- 
tio,  Ensomato'sis,  from  in,  and  corpus,  '  a  body.' 
An  operation,  bv  which  medicines  arc  mixed 
with  soft  or  liquid  bodies,  in  order  to  give  them 
a  certain  consistence.  Also,  the  thorough  ad- 
mixture of  various  substances. 

INCRASSAN'TIA,  Incrassati'va,  lnviscan'- 
tin,  Spissan'tiu,  Ecpyc'tica,  Condensan'tiu,  Pit- 
ch yn'tica,  Pycnotfica,  from  in,  and  crassus, '  thick.' 
Medicines  which  were  formerly  believed  to 
possess  the  power  of  thickening  the  humours, 
when  too  thin.  All  mucilaginous  substances 
were  so  regarded. 
■    INCRASSAT1VA,  Incrassantia. 

IN/CREASE,  Incremen'tum,  Jlaxe'sis,  from  in, 
and  crescere,  '•  to  grow.'  (F.)  JiccroissemenU 
Augmentation  of  the  size  or  weight  of  a  body, 
by  the  application  of  new  molecules  around 
those  which  already  exist. 

INCREMENTUM,  Augmentation,  Increase. 

INCRUCIATIO,  Decussation. 

INCRUSTATION,  Incrusla'tio,  from  m,  and 
crusta,  '  a  crust,'  Coniasis.  The  act  of  forming 
a  crust  on  the  surface  of  a  body,  as  well  as  the 
crust  itself.  Also,  the  calcareous  deposiles  or 
cartilaginous  plates,  which  sometimes  form  in 
organs. 

INCUBATION,  Incuba'tio,  from  incubare, 
(in,  and  cubare,)  '  to  lie  upon.'  This  word, 
which  is  used  in  natural  history  for  the  sitting 
of  birds  upon  their  eggs,  is  employed,  figura- 
tively, in  medicine,  for  the  period  that  elapses 
between  the  introduction  of  a  morbific  princi- 
ple into  the  animal  economy  and  the  invasion 
of  the  disease. 

INCUBO,  Incubus. 

IN'CUBUS.  Same  etymon,  hi'cubo,  EpiaP- 
tes,  Ephial'tes  noctur'nvs,  Ephiattes,  Epilepsia 
nocturna,  jJslhmn  noctur'num,  Pnigalion,  Suc'cu- 
bus,  Oneirodynia  gravnns,  Ertihis  nuts  oneiro- 
dyn'ia,  Nuctur' naopprcs'sio,  Epib'olc,  Nightmare, 
(F.)  Couchcmar,  Cauchevieille,  Cochemur,  Onei- 
rodynie  gravative.  Same  etymon.  A  sensation 
of  a  distressing  weight  at  the  epigastrium 
during  sleep,  and  of  impossibility  of  motion, 
speech,  or  respiration;  the  patient  at  length 
awaking  in  terror,  after  extreme  anxiety.  The 
nightmare  is  often  the  effect  of  difficult  diges- 
tion or  of  an  uneasy  position  of  the  body.  At 
other  times,  it  occurs  in  consequence  of  severe 
emotions.  The  sensation  of  suffocation  was 
formerly  ascribed  to  the  person's  being  pos- 
sessed, and  the  male  spirits  were  called  incubes 
— the  female,  succ.ii//cs.  The  disease  requires 
no  particular  treatment.  The  causes  must  be 
avoided. 

Incubus  Vigii.an'tium,  Ephial'tes  tigilan'- 
tium,  E.  hypochondri'aca,  Daymare.  This  is 
produced  during  wakefulness;  the  sense  of 
pressure  being  severe  and  extending  over  the 
abdomen;  respiration  frequent,  laborious,  anil 
constricted;  eyes  fixed;  sighing,  deep  and  vio- 
lent; intellect  undisturbed 

INCUNABULA,  Swathing  clothes. 
INCUNEATIO,  see  Wedged. 
INCUR1A.  Acedia. 
1NCUIISUS  ARTER1ARUM,  Pulse. 
INCURVATIO.  Gryposis. 
INCUS,  (m.and  cudo, 'I hammer,')  'an  anvil.' 
.'lemon,  Os  incu'di  siru'He,  Ossicfti/um  Incudi  sen 
molafridenticompara'lum.  (F.)  Enclume.  One  of 
the  small  bones  of  the  ear,  so  called   from  its 
fancied  resemblance  to  a  smith's  anvil.    It  is 


INDEX 


405 


INFANTICIDE 


situate  in  the  cavity  of  the  tympanum,  between 
the  malleus  and  orbiculare.  Its  body  is  arti- 
culated with  the  malleus;  its  horizontal  ramus 
which  is  the  shorter,  corresponds  with  the  en- 
trance of  the  mastoid  cells,  and  its  vertical 
ramus  is  articulated  with  the  os  orbiculare. 
The  incus  is  composed  of  a  compact  tissue, 
and  is  developed  from  a  single  point  of  ossifi- 
cation. 

INDEX,  Dig"itus  indicato'rius,  Lich'attos, 
Deidticos,  from  indicare,  '  to  point  out.'  The 
forefinger,  index  finger.     See  Digitus. 

INDIAN  FAINT,  Hydrastis  Canadensis— i. 
Physic,  Gillenia  trifoliata — i.  Physic,  Small- 
flowered,  Gillenia  stipulacea. 

INDIANA,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  A 
medicinal  spring,  near  Jefferson  ville,  is  much 
frequented.  Its  waters  are  strongly  impregnated 
with  sulphur  and  iron. 

IN'DICANT,  In'dicahs,  Endeic'dcos,  (F.)  In- 
dicatif.  Same  etymon  as  index.  Any  thing 
which,  in  the  course  of  a  disease  or  in  what 
precedes  or  accompanies  it,  concurs  in  pointing 
out  the  means  to  be  used  for  its  cure. 
INDICATIF,  Indicant. 

INDICATING  DAYS,  Dies  In' dices,  D.  In- 
dicato'rii,  D.  contemplan'tes,  (F.)  Jours  indi- 
cateurs.  Hippocrates  and  others  have  thus 
called  the  middle  day  of  the  septenary ;  because 
they  imagined,  that  indications  were  sometimes 
given  then  of  the  crisis  which  would  occur  in 
the  last  day  of  the  septenary. 

INDICATION,  Indica'tio,  Accusa'tio,  Dela'- 
tio,  Endeix'is,  Boethemut'icum  Semei'on.  The 
object  proposed  in  the  employment  of  any 
means,  which  are  had  recourse  to  for  the  cure 
of  disease.  It  may  also  be  defined — the  mani- 
festation afforded  by  the  disease  itself  of  what 
is  proper  to  be  done  for  its  removal. 

INDICATOR,  Extensor  proprius  indicis,  see 
Digitis. 

IN DICUM,  Indigo. 
INDICUS  COLOR,  Indigo. 
INDIGENCE,  Want. 

INDIG"ENOUS,  Indig"ma.  Whatever  is 
native  in  a  country,  in  opposition  to  exotic;  as 
an  indigenous  remedy,  indigenous  disease,  &c. 

INDIGESTION,    Dyspepsia— i.    Alkaline, 
see  Dyspepsia — i.  Neutral,  see  Dyspepsia. 
IND1GITATIO,  Intussusceptio. 
INDIGNABUNDUS,  Rectus  externus  oculi. 
IND1GNATORIUS,  Rectus  externus  oculi. 
IN'DIGO,  Indigum,  In'dicum,  Indicus  color, 
Pigmen'tum   In'dicum.     A   dye-stuff,  in    small 
solid  masses,  of  a  deep  azure  blue  colour,  and 
devoid  of  smell  and  taste.     It  is  obtained,  by  a 
fermentative  process,  fiom  Indigofera  anil,  I. 
argentea,  and  I.tinctoria,  and  is  sometimes  used 
by  the  apothecary  for  colouring  certain  prepa- 
rations.  It  has  likewise  been  administered  inter- 
nally, of  late,  in  spasmodic  diseases,  especially  in 
epilepsy.    The  dose  may  be  at  first  grains,  but  it 
may  be  elevated  to  drachms. 

7./VD/GO,F.4[/X,Galega  officinalis— i.Weed, 
Sophora  tinctoria — i.  Wild,  Sophora  tinctoria— 
i.  Yellow,  Sophora  tinctoria. 

INDIGOFERA,  Sophora  tinctoria— i.  Anil, 
see  Indigo — i.  Argentea,  see  Indigo — i.  Tincto- 
toria,  see  Indigo. 
INDIGUM,  Indigo. 

INVISPOSYTION, MaIadisposi"tio,Caccesthe'- 
sis,  (F.)  Malaise.  A  slight  functional  disturb- 
ance, which  may  scarcely  bear  the  name  of  diseases. 


IN'DOLENT,  In'dolens,  from  in,  privative, 
and  dolere,  'to  be  in  pain.'     Exhibiting  little  or 
no  pain.      An  epithet  particularly  applied   to 
certain  tumours. 
INDOLENTIA,  Anodynia. 
IN'DOLES,  A  natural  disposition  or  character. 
In'doles  An'imi.    The  natural  disposition  or 
character  of  mind. 

Indoles  Morbi.  The  nature  or  character  of  a 
disease. 

INDUCTIO,  Apago'gS,  from  inducer e,   (in, 
and  ducere,  'to  lead.')     It  is  used  especially  for 
the  action  of  extending  a  plaster  upon  linen. 
INDUCULA,  Waistcoat,  strait. 
INDUMENTUM  CORDIS,  Pericardium— i. 
Nervorum,  Neurilema. 

INDU'RANS,  (in,  and  dares,)  Selerot'irvs. 
A  medicine  which  hardens  the  parts  to  which 
it  is  applied. 

INDURATIO  INTESTINORUM,  Entero- 
pathia  cancerosa — i.  Maligna,  Scirrhus — i.  Tela? 
cellulosae  neonatorum,  see  Induration. 

INDURA'TION,  lndura'tio,  Callos'itas,  Indu- 
rescen'tia,  (F.)  Endurcissement.  That  hardness 
which  supervenes,  occasionally ,  in  an  inflamed 
part.  It  is  one  of  the  terminations  of  inflam- 
mation, and  is  owing  to  a  change  in  the  nutri- 
tion of  the  part. 

Induration  of  the  Cellular  Tissue,  ln- 
dura'tio tela  celhdo'sai  neonatorum,  Elhmypko- 
tylo'sis,  Compact  CEde'ma  of  Infants,  Cat'- 
ockus  I nf an' turn,  Induratio  celiulo'sa,  Sclere'mia, 
Sclere'ma,  Scleri'asis  neoncto'ram,  Scirrhosar'ca 
neonato' rum,  Stipa'tio  tela  celiulo'sa  Infantum, 
Skinhound  Disease,  (F.)  Endurcissement  da  iissu 
cellulaire,  (Edeme  du  tissu  cellulaire  des  nouvcau- 
nes,  Asphyxie  lente  des nouveaunis ,  is  a  disease 
which  attacks  infants  a  few  days  after  birth,  and 
which  Chaussier  has  proposed  to  call  Sclereme, 
from  (ry.liooq,  'hard.' 

Induration  ok  the  Brain,  Sclerencephalia. 
INDURATION  GRISE,  see  Hepatization. 
JNDURESCENT1A,  Induration. 
INDU'SIUM,  Chitonis'cos.    Strictly,  'a  shirt,' 
'a  small   tunic  ;'  but  some  anatomists  have  so 
called  the  amnion,  (q.  v.) 
INEDIA,  Fasting. 

INERTIA,  from  in,  'privative,'  and  ars,  artis, 
'art,'(?)  Igna'via.     Sluggishness,  inactivity. 

Inertia  of  the  Womb,  (F.)  Inertie  de  la 
malrice.  The  diminution  and  even  total  cessa- 
tion of  the  contractions  of  the  uterus  during 
labour;  as  well  as  the  species  of  languor  into 
which  it  sometimes  falls  after  the  expulsion  of 
the  fcetus. 

INERTIE  DE  LA  MATRICE,  Inertia  of 
the  womb. 

INES1S,  Cenosis. 
INETHMOS,  Cenosis. 

IN'FANCY,  Infan'tia,  from  in,  'negation,' 
and  fans,  from  fori,  'to  speak.'  Early  child- 
hood, Childhood,  Ncpiotes,  Paidi'a.  (F.)  En- 
fance.  It  generally  includes  the  age  from  birth 
till  the  seventh  year. 

I N  F  A  NS,  raidion,  Nepion ,  (F.)  Enfant.  A  n 
infant;  a  child;  one  in  infancy. 

INFANTICIDE,  Infanlicidium,  Tecnocton'ia, 
from  infans,  'a  child,'  and  cadere,  'to  kill.' 
The  murder  of  a  child  newly  born,  or  on  the 
point  of  being  born.  It  may  be  perpetrated  by 
the  mother,  or  by  some  other  person  ;  either 
by  commission,  i.  e.  in  consequence  of  a  direct, 


INFARCTUS  INTESTINORUM  406    INFLAMMATION  DES  AMYGDALES 


voluntary  act; — or  by  omission  of  those  cares, 
which  are  necessary  for  the  preservation  of  the 
new-born. 

INFARCTUS  INTESTINORUM,  Enterem- 
phraxis— i.  Lactei  extremitalum,  Phlegmalia 
dolens. 

INFECTION,  see  Contagion. 

IN  FECUNDITY,  Sterility. 

INFERNAL,  lnfer'nus,-  '  relating  to  hell.'  A 
name  applied  to  caustic — Lapis  Infernal  is — on 
account  of  its  strong,  burning  properties. 

INFIBULA'TIO,  Fibula'tio,  Iufibula'lion, 
Ancterias'mus;  from  fibula,  'a  clasp,'  (F.)  Boa- 
clement.  An  operation, formerly  practised,  which 
consisted  in  passing  a  ring  through  the  prepuce, 
after  having  drawn  it  over  the  glans; — in  order 
to  prevent  coition.  The  ancients  employed  in- 
fibulation  with  their  gladiators,  to  preserve  all 
their  strength  by  depriving  ihemof  venery.  In 
the  women,  to  preserve  their  chastity,  the  ring 
was  passed  through  the  labia  majora. 

INFILTRATION,  Infill,  u'ti.o,  from  fikrare, 
'to  filler.'  Effusion  (q.  v.)  The  accumulation  of 
a  fluid  in  the  cells  of  any  texture,  and  particular- 
ly of  the  cellular  membrane.  The  fluid  effused 
is  ordinarily  serous; — sometimes  blood  or  pus, 
feces  or  urine.  When  infiltration  of  serum  is  ge- 
neral, it  constitutes  anasarca,-  when  local, wderna. 

INFILTRATION  PURULENTE,  see  Hepa- 
tization. 

INFIRMARIUM,  Hospital. 

JMFIRMARY,  Hospital. 

INFIRMATORIUM,  Hospital. 

INFIRMIER,  (F.)  from  infirmus,  (in,  nega- 
tive, undflrmus,)  Infl, ma'rius,  Nosoc'omus,  Cu- 
ta'lur  iiifirmo'rum.  One  employed  in  an  hospi- 
tal or  infirmary  to  take  care  of  the  sick. 

1NFIRMTTY,  Infu'mitas,  Astkeni'a,  Invale- 
tu'do.  Any  disease  which  has  become  habitual, 
either  owing  to  its  chronic  charactei,  or  its  nu- 
merous relapses. 

INFLA'MED,  Inflnmma'lus,  (F.)  Enflamme, 
phlog'oscd,  according  to  some.  Same  etymon  as 
inflammation.     Affected  with  inflammation. 

1NFLAMMATIO,  Phlegmon— i.  Abdomina- 
lis,  Enco?litis — i.  Auris,  Otitis — i.  Bronchiorum, 
Bronchitis — i.  Caeci,  Typblo-enteritis — i.  Cap- 
sular lentis,  Phacohy menitis— i.  Conjunctivas, 
see  Ophthalmia — i  Oorneae,  Ceratilis — i.  Cys-; 
tidis  fellea?,  Cholecystitis — i.  Epiglotlidis,  Epi- 
glottitis— i.  Faucium,  Cynanche,  Isthmitis — i. 
Gastritis.  Gastritis — i.  Gingival,  Ulitis — i.  He- 
patis,  Hepatitis—  i.  Hepatis  lenta,  Hepatitis, 
(chronic) — i.  Interna,  Empresma — i.  Intestino- 
rum,  Enteritis — i.  Iridis,  Iritis — i.  Jecoris,  Hepa- 
titis— i.  Laryngis,  Laryngitis — i.  Lienis,  Splen- 
itis—  i.  Medullse  Spinalis,  Myelitis— i.  Musculi 
psoas, Psoitis — i.  Musculorum,  Myositis — i.  Ner- 
vorum, Neuritis — i.  Oeulorum,  Ophthalmia — i. 
(Esophagi,  Oesophagitis — i.  Omenti,  Epiploitis 
— i.  Ovarii,  Ovaritis — i  Pancreatis,  Pancreatitis 
— i.Parotidum,  Parotitis,  Cynanche  parotid;ea — 
i.  Pectoris  acuta, Pneumonia — i.  Pericardii,  Peri- 
carditis—  i.  Peritonei,  Peritonitis — i.  Pharyngis, 
Cyninche  pharyngea — i.  Phrenitis,  Phrenitis — 
i.  Pleurae,  Pleuritis — i.  Pneumonica,  Pneumonia 
— i.  Pulmonum,  Pneumonia — i.  Renum,  Nephri- 
tis— i.  Retina;,  Dictyitis,  Retinitis— i.  Scleroti- 
C33.  Sclerotitis — i.  Septi  transversi,  Diaphrrig- 
mitis — i.  Stomachi,  Gistritis—  i  Telsc  cellu- 
losse,  Ethmypbitis — i.  Testium,  Hernia  humo- 
ralis— i.  TonsiHarufn,  Cynanche  tonsillaris — i. 
Tympani,  Tympanitis— i.  Urethras,  Gonorrhoea 


— i.  Uteri,  Metritis — i.  Uteri  catarrhalis,  see 
Metritis — i. Uvula;,  Uvu'itis — i.  Vasorum,  Ange- 
itis — i.  Ventricnli,  Gastritis — i.  Vesicas,  Cysti- 
tis— i.  Vesicae  felleae,  Cholecystitis. 

INFLAMMATION,  Inflammaftio,  from  i„, 
'within,'  audflamma,'  flame,'  'fire;'  Plileo'monc~, 
Pltlogo'sis,  Ecphlogo'sis,  Phlegmasia ,  Camo'ma, 
Hyper endosmose  (Dutrochet,)  Ineendium,  Hyper- 
hse/nato'sis,  Hyperm'mia  acti'va,  Phkbo pier o' sis 
ecphrac'tica,  Angiitef\a  so  called  in  consequence 
of  the  acute  or  burning  pain,  felt  in  a  part 
affected  with  it.  An  irritation  in  a  part  of  the 
body  occasioned  by  some  stimulus; — owing  to 
which  the  blood  flows  into  the  capillary  ves- 
sels in  greater  abundance  than  natural,  and 
those  vessels  become  over-dilated  and  enfee- 
bled; whence  result  pain,  redness,  heat,  ten- 
sion, and  swelling;  symptoms  which  appear  in 
greater  or  less  severity,  according  to  the  struc- 
ture, vital  properties,  and  functions  of  the  part 
affected,  and  its  connexion  with  other  parts, 
as  well  as  according  to  the  constitution  of  the 
individual.  The  inflammations  of  the  cellular 
and  serous  membranes  greatly  agree;  —  and 
those  of  the  mucus  and  skin;  the  former  being 
more  active,  and  constituting  the  phlegmonous 
variety  ;— the  latter,  the  erytlicmatic,  or  erysipe- 
latous- Inflammation  may  end  by  resolution, 
suppuration,  gangrene,  adhesion,  effusion,  or 
induration.  Each  of  the  inflammations  of  in- 
ternal organs  has  received  a  name  according 
to  the  organ  affected  ; — as,  gastrins,  cephalitis, 
enteritis,  hepatitis,  &c.  Besides  the  inflamma- 
tions, essentially  morbid,  there  is  an  instinctive 
kind  established  for  the  union  of  parts,  which 
have  been  divided;  whether  the  union  takes 
place  immediately,  or  by  the  aid  of  an  interme- 
diate body.  This  is  the  adhesive  inflammation. 
See  Adhesion.  Callus,  Cicatrix.  Broussais  con- 
sidered that  the  term  inflammation  should  in- 
clude every  local  exaltation  of  the  organic 
movements,  which  is  sufficiently  great  to  dis- 
turb the  harmony  of  the  functions,  and  dis- 
organize the  texture  in  which  it  is  situate.  He 
farther  extended  the  name  inflammation  to  irri- 
tations which  do  not  induce  disorganization  of 
the  textures,  and  which  had  been  previously, 
and  are  still,  called  fevers. 

Examination  of  the  blood  drawn,  always  ex- 
hibits an  increase  of  the  fibrinous  element— the 
average  proportion  of  which,  in  healthy  blood, 
is  3  in  the  thousand.  In  inflammation,  it  at 
times  rises  as  high  as  10  In  fevers  unaccom- 
panied with  inflammation,  the  proportion  is 
natural  or  below  the  average;  but  whenever 
inflammation  supervenes,  it  immediately  rises. 

External,  inflammation  is  easily  detected  by 
the  characters  already  mentioned  : — internal, by 
disturbance  of  (unction  and  pain  upon  pressure; 
but  the  last  siirn  is  often  not  available.  Both 
forms  require  the  removal  of  all  irritation,  and 
the  reduction  of  vascular  excitement  and  ner- 
vous irritability;  hence,  blood-letting  —  local 
and  o-eneral — sedatives,  refrigerants,  and  coun- 
ter-irritants become  valuable  remedies  in  al- 
most all  cases  of  inflammation. 

INFLAMMATION  DPS  AMYGDALES, 
Cynanche  tonsillaris — i.  des  Arthrcs,  Arteritis — 
i.  of  the  Bladder,  Cystitis — i.  de  la  Bouche,  Sto- 
matitis— i.  des  Bionrhcs,  Bronchitis— i.  du  Cct- 
rum,  Typhlo-enteritis — i.  of  the  Caecum,  Ty- 
pblo-enteritis— t.  du  Ce.rveau  et  du  Cervelet, 
Phrenitis — i.  du  Caw,  Carditis—?',  du   Colon, 


1NFLAMMAT1UNCULA 


407 


INFUSION 


Colitis — i.  de  la  Conjonetive,  see  Ophthalmia — 
i.  of  the  diaphragm,  Diaphragm,  Diaphragmitis 

—  i.  Diphtheritic,  Diphtheritis— i.  of  the°  Ear, 
Otitis—  i.  de  I  Epiglotte,  Epiglottitis— t.  de 
/' Est,, mac.  Gastrins — i.  of  the  Eye,  Ophthalmia 
—i.  du  Faie,  Hepatitis — i.  des  Gencizes,  Ulitis 
— i.  General, Synocha — i.  Internal,  Empresma — 
t.  dcs  Intestine, Enteritis— i.  of  the  Iris,  Iritis — i. 
of  the  Kidney,  Nephritis— i  de  la  Lungue,  Glos- 
sitis— i.  of  the  Larynx,  Laryngitis — i.  of  the  Li- 
ver, Hepatitis—/,  dela  Lucttc,  Uvulitis— i.  of  the 
Lungs,  Pneumonia — L de  la  Matrice,  Metritis— 
I.  de  la  Membrane  alviolo-dentaire,  Periodontitis 

—  i.  dr.  la.  Membrane  s6 reuse  ccphulo-racliidiennc, 
Meningitis — i.  of  the  Mesentery,  Mesenteritis— 
i.  de  In  Mu'eile  ipiniere  ou  rachidienne,  Myelitis 
— i.  of  the  Mouth,  pseudo  membranous,  Stoma- 
titis, pseudomembranous — i.  of  the  Mouth,  pul- 
taceous,  Aphthae — ;'.  des  Muscles,  Myositis — i. 
dcs  JVerfs,  Neuritis— i.  de  I' (Eel,  Ophthalmia — 
i.  de  I' Oreille,  Otitis — ('.  de  i Ovaire,  Oaritis — i. 
da  Palais, Hyperoitis — /.du  Parenckyme pulmo- 
nale. Pneumonia — i.  dc  la  Parotide,  Cynanche 
parotidaja  —  i.  Pellicular,  Diphtheritis — i.  du 
Pdricarde,  Pericarditis — i.  of  the  Pericardium, 
Pericarditis — i.  da  Periloine,  Peritonitis — i.  of 
the  Peritonaeum,  Peritonitis — i.  of  the  Pleura, 
Pleurilis  —  i.  de  la  Plevre,  Pleuritis — i.  des 
Poumons,  Pneumonia — i.  du  Muscle  psoas,  pso- 
itis— i.  dc  la  Rate,  Splenitis — i.  dcs  Reins,  Ne- 
phritis— i.  Spongoid,  Hsematodes  Fungus,  see 
also  Encephaloid — i.  of  the  Stomach,  Gastritis 
— i.  de  la  Testicule,  Hernia  humoralis — i.  of  the 
Testicle,  Hernia  humoralis — i.des  Tissus  blancs, 
Angeioleucitis — i.  of  the  Tongue,  Glossitis — i. 
des  Vcincs,  Phlebitis — i.  de  la  Vesicule  du  Fid, 
Cholecystitis — i.  de  la  Vessie,  Cystitis — i.  of 
the  Womb,  Metritis. 

INFLAMMATIUN'CULA.Su&n/towmirt'il/o, 
(q.  v.)  A  superficial  and  often  insignificant  in- 
flammation of  the  skin,  as  in  many  cutaneous 
affections. 

INFLAMMATORY,  Injlammatdrius ,■  be- 
longing to  inflammation;  —  as,  inflammatory  tu- 
mour,  inflammatory  fever,  &c.  The  blood  is  said 
to  be  inflammatory  when  cupped  or  bufty. 

INFLATIO,  Emphysema,  Puffiness.  Colica 
flatulenta — i.  Parotidum,  Cynanche  parotidcea 
— i.  Uteri,  Physometra. 

INFLEXIO,  Campsis. 

INF LVENCE,  Influenza. 

INFLUENZA.  The  Italian  for 'Influence,' 
Influenza  Europse'a,  Catar'rhus  epidem'icus,  Ft- 
Iris  eutarrka'lis  epidem'ica,  Catar'rhns  a  corital- 
gio,  Rlieuma  epidem'icum.  Morbus  Verreci'nus. 
M.  Arie'tis,  Cephalalgia  contagiosa,  (epidemics 
of  the  Kith  and  17th  centuries:)  (F.)  Tac,  La- 
dendo,  Qjiinte,  Florion,  Contieluche,  Barar/uetle, 
Generate,  Grippe,  Follette,  Grenade,  Coquette, 
Cocoie,  Petite  Paste,  Petit  Courier,  Allure.,  Influ- 
ence, Epidemic  catarrh.  A  severe  form  of  ca- 
tarrh occurring  epidemically,  and  generally  af- 
fecting a  number  of  persons  in  a  community. 
See  Catarrh,  epidemic.  Gluge,  from  his  in- 
vestigations, considers,  that  the  following  is 
the  chronological  order  of  the  return  of  the  in- 
fluenza:—  I4lh  century,  1323,  1326 — !">th  cen- 
tury. 1-110,  Mil,  1414— 16th  century,  1510, 
1557,  1562,  157-1,  1580, and  15!)3 — 17th  centurv, 
1658,  1669,  1075,  I(i!)3— 18th  century,  1708, 
1712,  1729,  1732,  1733,  1742,  174:?,  1701,  170'-2. 
and  1775— 19th  century,  1800,  1803,  1831,  and 
1333.     To  these  may  be  added  1837,  and  1843. 


Influenza  Europtea,  Influenza. 

INFOliMITAS,  Deformation. 

INFRA-ATLOHL-EUS,  Sub-atloidaeus. 

INFRA-AXOID/EUS,  Sub-axoidaeus. 

INFRA-COSTALES,  see  Intercostal  mus- 
cles. 

LNFRA-ORBITAR,  Sub-orbitar. 

INFRAPUBIAN  LIGAMENT,  Triangular 
ligament. 

INFRA-SCAPULARIS,  Subscapulars. 

INFRA-SPINA'TUS,  from  infra,  '  beneath,' 
and  spina, '  a  spine.'  Situate  beneath  the  spine 
of  the  scapula. —  Infra,  Spinalis. 

Infra-Spi.na'ta  Fossa,  (F  )  Fosse  sous-epi- 
neuse,  A  large  excavation  on  the  posterior  sur- 
face of  the  scapula,  beneath  its  spine.  It  is 
filled  by  the 

Im-iia-Spina'tus  Muscle,  Grand  Scapido-lro- 
chiterien,  Super  scapula' r  is  inferior  (Ch.),  (F.) 
Sous*  epineux,  which  is  broad,  flat,  and  triangu- 
lar. It  is  attached,  by  its  base,  to  the  three 
inner  quarters  of  the  fossa;  and  is  inserted,  by 
a  long  tendon,  into  the  middle  part  of  the  great 
tuberosity  of  the  os  humeri,  {Trochiter.)  It 
turns  the  arm  outwards,  and,  when  the  arm  is 
elevated,  carries  it  backwards. 

INFRINGENS,  Corrigent. 

INFUNDIB'ULUM,  'in,  and  fundere,  'to 
pour  out.')  A  Latin  word  signifying  a  Funnel: 
—  Choa'ne,  C/tonos,  (F.)  Entonnoir.  A  name, 
given  to  many  parts  which,  mere  or  less,  re- 
semble a  funnel.  It  is  particularly  appropriated 
to  the  following  organs: — 

Infundib'ulum  of  the  Brain,  (F.)  Pelvis,sea 
Cltoana,  seu  Ct/atlius,  seu  Snjplius,  seu  Concha, 
seu  Laeu'na. seu  Em'boluM,seu  At/uxduc'/iis,se\i 
Labium,  seu  Concav'ilas  ronchula'ris,  seu  Proces- 
sus orbicula'r  is  Cer'ebri,  Entonnoir  du.  vciMicule 
moye.n  du  cerveau — Tige  pituitaire,  Tige  sus- 
sphenoidale.  A  depression  in  the  inferior  paries 
of  the  middle  ventricle,  above  the  pituitary 
gland.  It  was,  anciently,  regarded  as  a  canal 
by  which  the  fluid  collected  in  the  ventricles 
of  the  brain  was  evacuated,  and  poured  into 
the  nasal  fossae. 

Infundibulum  of  the  Cochlea,  Snjphus, 
Vievssenii,  S.  audito'rivs,  Cucul'lus,  Canu'lis 
Sr.ala'rum  cornmu'nis.  This,  with  the  modiolus, 
forms  the  nucleus  around  which  the  gyri  of  the 
cochlea  pass.  It  is  an  imperfect  funnel,  the 
apex  of  which  is  common  with  that  of  the  mo- 
diolus; and  the  base  is  covered  with  the  apex 
of  the  cochlea,  termed  Cu'pola. 

In  Surgery,  infundibula  are  used  to  direct 
steam  or  vapours;  to  conduct  the  actual  cau- 
tery to  certain  morbid  parts.  &c. 

Infundibulum  of  the  Ethmoid  Bone.  It  is 
one  of  the  anterior  cells  of  that  bone,  which  is 
broad  and  expanded  above,  and  narrow  below; 
opening,  above,  into  the  frontal  sinus;  below, 
into  the  anterior  part  of  the  middle  meatus  of 
the  nasal  fossae. 

Infundibulum  of  the  Kidney,  see  Calix — 
i.  Lachrymale,  Lachrymal  Sac  —  i.  Tubarum 
Fallopii,  see  Tube,  Fallopian  — i.  Ventriculi, 
OZsophacjus. 

INFU'SION,  Infu'sio,  En'chysis,  from  ivfun- 
dere,  {in,  and  fund/re,)  'to  pour  in,'  '  to  intro- 
duce.' A  pharmaceutical  operation,  which  con- 
sists in  pouring  a  hot  or  cold  fluid  upon  a  sub- 
stance whose  medical  virtues  it  is  desired  to 
extract.  Infusion  is,  also,  used  for  the  product 
of  this  operation.  In  Surgery,  infusion —  Chirur'- 


INFUSION  OF  ANGUSTURA 


408 


INFUSUM  QUASSIA 


gia  infuso'ria,  rfrs  clysma'tica  nova — is  the  act  of 
introducing  into  the  veins  medicinal  sub- 
stances, by  aid  of  an  instrument  called  Infusor. 
This  mode  of  introducing  medicines  was  called 
the  Ars  infuso'ria. 

Infusion  of  Angustura,  Infusum  Cusparia; 
— i.  of  Buchu,  Infusum  Diosma? — i.  of  Caluin- 
ba,  Infusum  calumbae— i.  of  Cascarilla,  Infusum 
cascarillffi — i.  of  Catechu,  Infusum  catechu 
compositum — i.  of  Chamomile,  Infusum  anthe- 
midis — i.  of  Cinchona,  Infusum  cinchona? — i. 
of  Cloves,  Infusum  caryophyllorum — i.  of  Cus- 
paria,  Infusum  cusparias — i.  of  Foxglove,  Jn- 
fusum  digitalis — i.  of  Gentian  compound,  In- 
fusum gentianae  compositum — i.  of  Hops,  Infu- 
sum humuli  —  i.  of  Horseradish,  compound, 
Infusum  armoracia?  compositum — i.  of  Linseed, 
Infusum  lini  compositum  —  i.  of  Mint  com- 
pound, Infusum  menthae  compositum — i.  of 
Orange-peel,  compound,  Infusum  aurantii  com- 
positum—i.  of  Pinkroot,  Infusum  spigelian — i. 
of  Quassia,  Infusum  quassia? — i.  of  Rhatany, 
Infusum  Krameriae — i.  of  Rhubarb,  Infusum 
rhei — i.  of  the  Rose,  Infusum  rosra  compositum 
— i.  of  Sarsaparilla,  Infusum  sarsaparillae — i.  of 
Senna, Infusum  sennoe  compositum — i.  of  Sima- 
rouba,  Infusum  simaroubse — i.  of  Slippery  elm, 
Infusum  ulmi — i.  of  Thoroughwort,  Infusum 
eupatorii — i.  of  Tobacco,  Infusum  tabaci — i.  of 
Valerian,  Infusum  valerians — i.  of  Virginia 
snakeroot,  Infusum  serpentariae —  i.  of  Wild- 
cherry,  Infusum  pruni  Virginians. 

IJYFUSOIR,  (F.)  same  etymon.  An  instru- 
ment for  injecting  medical  substances  into  the 
veins.  It  was  a  kind  of  funnel,  the  elongated 
apex  of  which  was  stopped  by  a  metallic  rod, 
which  could  be  withdrawn  when  the  apex  was 
introduced  into  a  vein. 

INWJ'SUM,  En'chyma.  The  product  of  an 
infusion. 

Infusum  Acacia  Catechu,  I.  catechu  com- 
positum— i.  Amarum  vinosum,  Vinum  gentiana? 
compositum — i.  of  Angustura,  I.  cuspariffi. 

Infusum  Anthem'idis,  Infusion  of  Cham' - 
omik.  {Jlnthendd.ftor.  gss.aq.  fervent.  Oj.  Ma- 
cerate for  ten  minutes  in  a  covered  vessel,  and 
strain,  r/t.  L.)  Dose,  f.  gj  to  f.  t^iss. 

Infusum  Armora'cis  Compos'itum,  Com- 
pound Infusion  of  Horseradish.  (Armorac.  rod. 
concis.,  sinapis  cont.  sing,  gj,  aqux  fervent. 
Oj.  Macerate  for  two  hours,  and  strain.)     Dose, 

f-|j  t0  f-  ,5''.)- 

Infusum  Auran'tii  Compos'itum,  Compound 
Infusion  of  Orange  Peel.  (  Aurant.  cort.  sice.  zij. 
limon.  cort.  recent.  £j,  caryoph.  cont.  gss.  aq.  fer- 
vent. Oss.  Macerate  for  15  minutes,  and  strain. 
Ph.  L)     Dose,  f.  ^iss  to  f.  gij. 

Infusum  Brash,  Wort — i.  Bynes,  Wort. 

Infusum  Cai.umb^:,  I.  Calomha,  I.  Colombo, 
Infusion  of  Calurnha,  (Calami),  rod.  concis.  J-ss. 
aq.  fervent.  Oj.  Macerate  for  two  hours,  and 
strain.     Ph.  U.  S.)     Dose,  f.  *iss  to  f.  liij. 

Infusum  Caryophyl'm,  Infusion  of  Cloves. 
(Caryoph.  contus.  Jjij.  aq.  fervent.  Oj.  Macerate 
for  two  hours,  and  strain.)     Dose,  f.  giss  to  f. 

Infusum  Cascaril'i./e,  Infusion  of  Cascarilla. 
(Cascaiill.  cont.  gj.  a q.  fervent.  Oj.  Macerate 
for  two  hours,  and  strain.)     Dose,  f.  §iss.  to  f. 

3'J- 

Infusum  Cassia  Senns,  I.  sennce  composi- 
tum. 

Infusum   Cat'echu  Compos'itum,  Infusum 


Catechu,  I.  Aca'cix  Catechu,-  Infusion  of  Ca- 
techu. (Catechu,  in  pulv.  3jss. cinnam.  cont. 5 j, 
aq.fcrv.  Oj.  Macerate  foran  hour,  and  strain]) 
Dose,  f.  ^iss  to  f.  §ij. 

Infusum  Cincho'n^e,  /.  Cinchona.  lancifo'lia>, 
I.  Cinchona:  sine  calo'rl,-  Infusion  of  Cinchona. 
(Cinch,  contus.  gj.  aq.  fervent.  Oj.  Macerate 
for  two  hours,  and  strain.)  This  infusion  may 
also  be  made  from  the  same  quantity  of  bark  in 
coarse  powder  by  the  process  of  displacement. 
Dose,  f.  5j  to  f.  ^iij.  The  Pharmacopoeia  of  the 
United  States  has  an  Infu'sum  Cincho'na  Com- 
positum, which  is  made  as  follows,  (Cinchon. 
in  pulv.  £).,j9cid.  Sulph.  aromat.  f.  £j.  aqux  Oj. 
Macerate  for  twelve  hours,  occasionally  shak- 
ing, and  strain.)     Dose  same  as  the  last. 

Infusum  Colomb.e,  I.  calumbae. 

Infu'sum  Cuspa'ris,  /.  Jlngustu'ra,  Infusion 
of  Cuspa'ria.  (Cuspar.  cort. contus.  gss.  aq.ferv. 
Oj.    Macerate  for  two  hours,  and  strain.)    Dose, 

f'-3J  tof-S'U- 

Infusum  Djgita'lis,  /.  Digitalis  purpu'rese ,■ 
Infusion  of  Foxglove.  (  Digila  I.  £j ,  aq.  ferv.  Oss. 
Macerate,  and  add  sp.  cinnam.  f.  §j.)    Dose,f.^j. 

Infusum  Dios'm.e,  Infusion  of  Buchu.  (Diosm. 
§j.;  aq.  huliient.  Oj.  Macerate  for  four  hours 
in  a  covered  vessel,  and  strain. — Ph.  U.  S.) 
Dose  f.  §jss. 

Infusum  Eupato'rti,  Infusion  of  Thorough- 
wort.  (Eupator.  jfj;  aq.  builient.  Oj.  Macerate 
for  two  hours,  and  strain. — Ph.  U.  S.)     Dose,  f. 

o'J- 

Infusum  Gentia'njE  Compos'itum,  Compound 
Infusion  of  Gentian.  (Gentian,  contus.  ^ss, 
Aurant.  cort.,  Coriandr.  contus.  aa  ^j;  Alcohol 
dilut.  f.  §iv.,  Aqua  f.  §xij.  First  pour  on  the 
alcohol,  and  three  hours  afterwards,  the  water; 
then  macerate  for  twelve  hours,  and  strain.— 
Ph.  U.S.)  _  Dose.  f.  §j  tof.  gij. 

Marsdens  Antiscorbu'  tic  Drops,  an  empirical 
preparation,  consist  of  a  solution  of  corrosive 
sublimate  in  an  infusion  of  gentian. 

Infu'sum  Hu'muli,  Infusion  of  Hops.  (Hu- 
mul.  ~ss;  .iq.  builient.  Oj.  Macerate  for  two 
hours,  and  strain. — Ph.  U.  S.)     Dose,  f.  §iss  to 

Infu'sum  Krame'ris,  Infusion  of  Rhatany 
(Kramer,  contus.  ^j ;  Aq.  huliient.  Oj.  Macerate 
for  four  hours,  and  strain. — Ph.  U.  S.)     Dose  f. 

3*iss- 

Infusum  Lini,  I.  L.  compositum. 

Infusum  Lini  Compos'itum,  /.  Lini,  (Ph.  U. 
S.)  /.  Lini  usitatis'simi,-  Infusion  of  Linseed. 
(Lini  sem.  cont.  §ss,  glycyrrh.  rad.  cont.  ^ij, 
aqua  fervent.  Oj.  Macerate  for  fours  hours,  and 
strain  )     Dose,  a  teacupful,  ad  libitum. 

Infusum  Malti,  Wort. 

Infusum  Mentha  Compos'itum,  Compound 
Infusion  of  Mint.  (Fol.  menth.  sat.  sice,  gij,  aq. 
fervent,  q.  s.  ut.  colentur.  f.  gvj.  Macerate  for 
half  an  hour;  and,  when  cold,  strain:  then 
add — sacch.  alb.  gij,  ol.  menth.  sat.  gtt.  iij,  dis- 
solved in  tinct.  card.  c.  f.  ^ss.  Ph.  D.)  Doee,  f.^j 
tof.  £  iij. 

Infusum  Picis  Empyreumaticje  Liquids, 
seePinussylvestris — i.  Picis  liquldum,  see  Pinus 
sylvestris. 

Infusum  Pruni  Virginians,  Infusion  of  Wild 
Cherry  Bark.  (Prun.  Virginian,  contus.,  §ss, 
Aqux.  Oj.  Macerate  for  two  hours,  and  strain. 
Ph.  U.  S.) 

Infusum  Quassia,  /.  Quassia  excel' sx;  Infu- 
sion of  Quassia.    (Quassia  lign.  cone,  Q),aq. 


INFUSUM  RHEI 


409 


INION 


ferv.  Oj.  Macerate  for  two  hours  and  strain.) 
Dose,  f.  3J  to  f.  ^iv. 

Infusum  Rhki,  Infusion  of  Rhubarb.  {Rhei 
cont.  "j,  aq.fcrv  Oss.  Macerate  for  two  hours, 
and  strain  )     Dose,  f.  ^j  to  f.  5iv. 

Infusum  Ros;e  Compos'itum,  /.  Rosce  Gal'liaz; 
Infusion  of  the  Rose.  (Ros.  Gallic  petal  exsicc. 
,^iv,  aq.  fervent.  Oiiss,  acid.  Sulph.  d.  f.  giij, saec/i. 
purif  ^iss.  Add  the  water,  and  afterwards  the 
acid;— macerate  for  half  an  hour;  strain,  ahd 
add  the  sugar.)     Dose,  f.  giss  to  Oss. 

Infusum  Sarsaparil'l.^,  Infusion  of  Sarsa- 
paril/n.  (Sarsaparill.  contus.  ^j,  aqua  bullient. 
Oj.  Digest  for  two  hours  in  a  covered  vessel, 
and  strain.— Ph.  U.  S.)  It  may  also  be  prepared 
by  displacement.     Dose,  f.  gij  to  f.  giv. 

Infusum  Sennje,  /.  S.  Compos'itum,  I.  Cassix 
Sennx,  I.  Senna  simplex,  Infusion  of  Senna. 
(Sennx  sjj,  coriandr.  contus.  gj,  aq.  ferv.  Oj. 
Macerate  for  an  hour,  and  strain.)  Dose,  f.  Si 
to  f.  giv. 

The  Black  Dravght,  Black  Dose,  Haustusnigcr, 
is  usually  formed  of  this  infusion.  It  may  be 
made  of  infus.  senria  f.  gv,  aq.  cinnam.  f.  3J, 
manfise  £iv,  magncs.  sulph.  sjvj.  Dose,  a  wine- 
glassful. 

Selway's  Frepared  Essence  of  Senna  is  a  con- 
centrated infusion  of  the  leaves,  in  combination 
with  an  alkali. 

Infusum  Senn.e  Compositum,  I.  senns. 

Infusum  Serpenta'rijE,  Infusion  of  Virginia 
Snakeroot.  (Serpentar.  ^ss,  aq.  bullient.  Oj. 
Macerate  for  two  hours,  and  strain. — Ph.  U.  S.) 
Dose,  f.  ,^iss. 

Infusum  Simarou'bje,  Infusion  of  Simarouba. 
(Sintaroub.  curt.  cont.  £ss,  aq.  fervent.  Oss.  Ma- 
cerate for  two  hours,  and  strain.  Ph.  L.)     Dose, 

Infc'sum  Spige'lijE,  Infusion  of  Pinkroot. 
(Spigel.  ^ss,  aq.  bullient.  Oj.  Macerate  for  two 
hours,  and  strain. — Ph.  U.  S.)  Dose,  f.  %iv 
to  Oss. 

Infusum  Tab'aci,  Infusion  of  Tobacco.  (Ta- 
baci.fol.  3J,  aq  ferv.  Oj.  Macerate  for  an  hour, 
and  strain  ) 

Infusum  Ulmi,  Infusion  of  Slip' per y  Elm. 
This  preparation,  in  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the 
United  States,  is  made  by  infusing  one  ounce 
of  slippery  elm  bark  in  a  pint  of  boiling  water. 

Infusum  Valeria'n^:,  Infusion  of  Vule'rian. 
Rad.  valerian,  in  crass,  pulv.  ^ss,  aq.  fervent. 
Oj.  Macerate  for  an  hour,  and  strain.  Ph.  D.) 
Dose,  §iss  to  ^ij. 

INGE'NIUM,  (Morbi.)  The  genius  of  a  dis- 
ease. This  word  is  employed,  especially  by  the 
French,  synonymously  with  nature.  They 
speak,  for  instance,  of  Genie  inflammatoire, 
hilieux,  &C.  Some,  also,  use  ginie  in  the  place 
of  type  of  an  intermittent. 

IN'GES'TA,  from  in,  and  gerere,  gestum,  '  to 
bear  or  carry  into.'  Substances,  introduced 
into  the  body  by  the  digestive  passages;  as  food, 
condiments,  drinks,  &c. 

INGIAJ'VIES,  Aplestia,  Viet  us  inlemperan'- 
tia: — Gluttony,  Insatiableness;  also,  the  Crop 
or  Craw  of  Birds,  (F.)  Jabot,  and  the  Pharynx, 
(q.  v.) 

INGRAS'SIAS,  APOPH'YSES  OF.  The 
lesser  ala;  of  the  sphenoid  bone. 

INGUEN,  Bubon,'  the  groin,'  JEda'on,  etifoir, 

He'patis  emuncto'ria.     (F.)  Aine.     The  oblique 

fold  or  depression,  which  separates  the  abdomen 

from  the  thigh.     It  is  only,  properly  speaking, 

27 


a  line  that  extends  from  the  anterior  and  supe- 
rior spinous  process  of  the  ilium  to  the  middle 
put  of  the  horizontal  ramus  of  the  pubis. 

LVGUTNAL,  Inguina'lis,  from  ingxten,  'the 
?roin.'  Belonging  or  relating  to  the  groin. 
This  epithet  has  been  given  to  various  parts, 
met  with  in  the  region  of  the  groin  or  inguinal 
region. 

Inguinal  Arterv  is  that  portion  of  the  femo- 
ral artery,  situate  immediately  beneath  the  cru- 
ral arch  in  the  inguinal  region. 

Inguinal  Canal  is  a  canal,  about  two  inches 
in  length,  proceeding  obliquely  downwards,  in- 
wards and  forwards  at  the  lower  part  of  the 
abdomen;  through  which  passes  the  spermatic 
cord,  in  man,  and  the  round  ligament  of  the 
uterus  in  women.  This  canal  is  formed,  infe- 
riorly  and  anteriorly,  by  the  aponeurosis  of  the 
greater  oblique  muscle;  posteriorly,  by  the 
fascia  transversalis,  which  is  joined  to  the  pre- 
ceding aponeurosis,  and  forms  with  it  a  deep 
channel,  into  which  are  received  the  lesser  ob- 
|  lique  and  transversalis  muscles.  The  inguinal 
canal  has  two  apertures;  the  one,  the  lower 
and  inner,  is  called  the  inguinal  or  abdominal 
ring.  It  is  bounded  by  two  strong  tendinous 
pillars,  which  fix  it — the  innermost  to  the  sym- 
physis, the  outermost  to  the  spine  of  the  pubis. 
The  upper  and  outer  apcitnre  is  formed  by  the 
fascia  transversalis.  From  the  edge  of  this  aper- 
ture arises  a  membranous  funnel, —  a  prolonga- 
tion of  the  fascia  transversalis. — which  receives 
the  spermatic  vessels ;  forms  their  proper  sheath, 
and  accompanies  them  as  far  as  the  testicle. 
On  its  inside  lies  the  epigastric  artery.  Above 
it,  is  the  lower  edge  of  the  transversalis  mus- 
cle; and,  below,  it  is  bounded  by  tire  channel 
of  the  greater  oblique.  By  following  the  ob- 
lique direction  of  this  canal,  and  passing^  con- 
sequently, on  the  outside  of  the  epigastric  arte- 
ry, the  viscera  are  displaced,  so  as  to  constitute 
internal  inguinal  hernia. 

Jnguinal  or  Abdom'inal  Ring,  Jin' 'nut 'us  ab- 
dominis, (F.)  Jinneau  Inguinal,  is  the  inferior 
aperture  of  the  inguinal  canal. 

INGUINO-CUTA'NEUS.  A  name  given 
by  Professor  Chaussier  to  the  middle  ramus  of 
the  anterior  branch  of  the  first  lumbar  nerve  . 
because  it  sends  its  numerous  filaments  to  the 
groin,  scrotum,  and  to  the  skin  of  the  superior 
part  of  the  thigh. 

INHjERENS.  Inherent. 

JNHALATIO,  Absorption. 

IiNHA'LER,  MUDGE'S.  An  apparatus  for 
inhaling  the  steam  of  hot  water,  in  affections  of 
the  air-passages.  It  consists  of  a  pewter  tank- 
ard provided  with  a  lid,  into  which  a  flexible 
tube  is  inserted.  Through  this,  the  vapour  is 
inhaled. 

INHE'RENT,    Inhx'rens,  (in,  and  hxrens.)^ 
That  which  adheres,  or  which  is  joined  or  uni- 
ted to  any  thing. 

Inherent  Cautery,  (F.)  Caiitire  inherent. 
is  the  actual  cautery,  left  in  contact  with  a 
part  until  it  is  reduced  to  the  state  of  a  deep 
eschar. 

JNHUMA'TION,  from  inhumo,  (in,  and 
humus,)  'I  put  into  the  ground.'  Inhuma'lio 
The  sepulture  of  the  dead.  This  belongs  to  the 
subject  of  medical  police. 

INIODYMUS,  Diprosopus. 

INION,  tnov.  Some  of  the  Greek  physicians 
gave  this  name  to  the  occiput  (q.  v.:)  others,  to 


1N1TIS 


410 


INNOMINATA  ARTERIA 


the  back  part  of  the  neck,  and  the  muscles  of 
the  occiput.  Blanchard  says  it  is  the  com- 
mencement of  the  spinal  marrow. 

INI'TIS,  Inohymeni'tis,  from  ig,  gen.  irog,  'a 
fibre,'  and  itis,  a  suffix  denoting  inflammation. 
Fibrous  inflammation. 

INITIUM,  Arche — i.  Asperre  arterial,  Larynx. 

INJACULA'TIO.  A  term  employed  by 
Van  Helmont  to  designate  an  acute  pain  of 
the  stomach,  with  rigidity  and  immobility  of 
the  body. 

.  INJECTED,  from  injicere,  (in,  and  jacere,) 
'to  throw  into.'  The  face  and  other  parts  are 
said  to  be  injected,  when  the  accumulation  of 
blood  in  the  capillary  vessels  gives  them  an 
evident  red  colour.  A  subject  or  part  of  a  sub- 
ject, is  also  said  to  be  injected,  when  its  vessels 
have  been  filled,  by  the  anatomist,  with  an  ap- 
propriate composition. 

INJECTION,  Injec'lio,  Eis'bok:  same  ety- 
mon. The  act  of  introducing  by  means  of  a 
syringe  or  other  instrument,  a  liquid  into  a 
cavity  of  the  body.  The  liquid  injected  is  also 
called  an  injection.  Anatomists  use  injections 
for  filling  the  cavities  of  vessels,  in  order  that 
they  may  be  rendered  more  apparent,  and  their 
dissection  be  facilitated.  For  this  purpose,  they 
employ  syringes  of  different  dimensions,  and 
various  materials.  The  most  common  injections 
are  made  of  soot,  wax,  and  turpentine,  coloured 
with  lampblack,  vermilion,  &c.  There  are 
three  kinds  chiefly  used  by  anatomists, — the 
coarse,  the  fine,  and  the  minute.  The  following 
are  formulas  for  each. 

Coakse  Injection. 
No.  1. 
Pure  yellow  wax,  oz.  xvj. 
Bleached  rosin,  oz.  viij. 
Turpentine  varnish,  by  measure,  02.  vj. 

No.  2. 
Yellow  rosin,  lb.  ij. 
Yellow  wax,  lb.  j. 

Turpentine  varnish,  a   sufficient  quantity  to 
make  the  mixture  flexible  when  cold. 

No.  3. 
T11 1  low,  lb.  ij. 
White  wax,  oz.  x. 
Common  oil,  oz.  vj. 
Venice  turpentine,  oz.  iv. 
Mix  and  liquefy  over  a  slow  fire  or  over  boiling 

water. 
To  make  any  of  these  mixtures. 
Red — add  vermilion,  oz.  iij. 
Yellow — Kino,<!  yellow,  oz.  i"i3s. 
White — best  fluke  white,  oz.  vss. 

Pale-blue     \  ''csl  ff  e  wl'il,e>  oz-  .liiss- 
I  fine  blue  smalt,  oz.  hiss. 

Dark-blue — blue  verditcr,  oz.  xss. 

Black — lamp-black,  oz.  j. 

C  powdered  verdigris,  oz.  ivss. 
Green  <  best  flake  while,  oz.  iss. 

{powdeied  gamboge,  oz.  j. 

Fixe  Injection. 
Brown  spirit  varnish,  oz.  iv. 
White  spirit  varnish,  oz.  iv. 
Turpentine  varnish,  oz.  j. 
To  make  this  mixture 

Red — add  vermilion,  oz.  j. 
Yellew — King's  yellow,  oz.  j£. 
White — best  flake  white,  oz.  ij. 


Light-blue  \Jjne  bj"f  sm"lt;  oz-  i993' 
6  (best  flake  white,  oz.  yl. 

Dark-blue — blue  verdiler,  oz.  iv. 

Black— lamp-black,  oz.  ss. 

Minute  Injection. 
Take  of  transparent  size,  broken  to  pieces,  or 
Isinglass,  oz.  viij. 
Water,  lb.  iss.     Dissolve. 
To  make  this  mixture 

Red — add  vermilion,  oz.  v. 
Yellow — King's  yellow,  oz.  iv. 
White — best  flake  white,  oz.  v. 
Blue — fine  blue  smalt,  oz.  viij. 

C  poicdered  verdigris,  oz.  iij. 
Green  2  best  flake  white,  dr.  ij. 

(  powdered  gamboge,  dr.  3. 
Black — lampblack,  oz.  j. 

Cold  Injection. 
White  lead  and  red  lead,  eaoh  oz.  iv ;  linseed 
oil,  enough  to  form  a  thick  paste  when  they 
are  rubbed  well  together.  Liquefy  this  paste 
with  turpentine  varnish,  oz  viij. 
The  advantage   of  this  mixture  is,  that  the 
subject  need  not  be  heated. 

In  order  to  inject  the  arteries,  the  injection 
must  be  forced  from  the  great  trunks  towards 
their  ultimate  ramifications.  To  inject  the 
veins,  on  the  contrary,  it  is  indispensable,  on 
account  of  their  valves,  to  send  the  injection 
from  the  smaller  divisions  towards  the  greater. 
The  lymphatics  are  usually  injected  with  mer- 
cury. The  practitioner  injects,  by  forcing  with 
a  syringe,  liquids,  such  as  emollient,  narcotic, 
stimulant,  and  other  decoctions  or  infusions, 
into  different  hollow  organs,  e.  g.  the  rectum, 
vagina,  nasal  fossa;,  urethra,  tunica  vaginalis, 
auditory  canal,  &,c.  to  fulfil  various  therapeu- 
tical indications. 

Injection,  Matthew s's,  see  Tinctura  can- 
tharidis. 

INK,  Atramentum. 

lN'NATE,  (Diseases,)  from  in,  and  natvs, 
'born.'  Morbi  cogna'ti,  M.  congen'iti,  (F.)  Ma- 
ladies innces.  Diseases  with  which  the  infant 
is  born.  They  are  not  always  hereditary,  as 
hereditary  diseases  are  not  always  innate. 

INNERLEITHEN,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  These  springs,  situate  near  the  Tweed, 
and  supposed  to  be  the  scene  of  "St.  Ronan's 
Well,"  contain  chlorides  of  sodium  and  calcium, 
and  carbonate  of  magnesia. 

IXSERV  A'TIOX*  hinrrva'tio,  from  in,  'in,' 
and  nervus,  a  'nerve.'  By  this  term  is  meant, 
— the  nervous  influence,  necessary  for  the  main- 
tenance of  life  and  the  functions  of  the  various 
organs; — an  influence  of  whose  character  and 
source  we  are  ignorant.  It  seems  to  resemble 
the  galvanic  or  electric  agencies.     See  Nerves. 

INNOMIN A'TUM,  Jlnon'ymum,  from  in,  priv. 
and  nomen, '  a  name,'  (F.)  Anonyme.  Having 
no  name. 

Innomina'ta  Arte'ria,  A.  brachio-cephalique, 
(Ch.) — Arte' ria  anon' rjma,  Right  Subclavian, (F.) 
Arthe  innominie,  is  the  trunk  common  to  the 
right  primitive  carotid  and  to  the  subclavian. 
It  arises  from  the  anterior  part  of  the  arch  of 
the  aorta,  ascends  obliquely  to  the  right,  along 
the  trachea;  and,  after  a  course  of  about  an 
inch  in  length,  divides  into  two  trunks,  which 
go  off  at  right  angles.     The  one  is  external— 


INNOMINATA  CAVITAS 


411 


LYSP1RATEVR 


_ht  subclavian  proper,-  the  other  superior — 
the  privative  carotid,  of  the  same  side. 

Innominata  Cav'itas.  A  cavity  of  the  outer 
oar,  between  the  helix  and  antkelix. 

Jnnominatum  Fora'men.  A  foramen,  near 
the  middle  of  the  anterior  surface  of  the  pars 
jietrosa  of  the  temporal  bone,  leading  back- 
wards for  the  passage  of  the  Vidian  nerve,  re- 
flected from  the  2d  branch  of  the  5th  to  the 
portio  dura  of  the  7th  pair. 

Innominati  vel  Anonymi,  Nervi.  Some 
anatomists  have  thus  called  the  nerves  of  the 
fifth  pair. 

Innominatum  Os.  Os  Coxen'dicis,  Os  Coxse, 
(F.)  Os  innombit,  Os  Coxal,  Os  anonyme,  &c. 
A  very  large,  flat  bone,  which  forms  the  an- 
terior and  lateral  paries  of  the  pelvis.  It  is 
curved  upon  itself  in  two  opposite  directions. 
In  the  first  periods  of  life,  it  is  composed  of 
three  portions; — the  ilium,  ischium,  and  pubis, 
which  join  each  other  in  the  acetabulum.  It 
is  articulated  before  with  its  fellow,— behind,  with 
the  sacrum;  and  laterally  with  the  femur. 

Innominata  Mino'ra  Ossa, — Lesser  Ossa  in- 
nominata. Some  anatomists  have  given  this 
name  to  the  three  cuneiform  bones  of  the 
tarsus. 

Innominate  Vesm.  Vieussens  has  given 
this  name  to  two  or  three  veins,  which  arise  on 
the  anterior  surface  and  right  margin  of  the 
heart;  and  open  into  the  auricle  towards  its 
right  margin. 

1NNOM1NATUS,  Anonymous. 

INNUTR1TIO  OSSIUM,  Rachitis. 

INOCULATION,  Inocula'tio,  Insi"tio,  Insi"- 
tio  vuriola'rum,  from  inoculare,  (in,  and  oculus, 
'  an  eye,')  '  to  ingraft.'  Any  operation  by  which 
small-pox,  cow-pox,  &c.  may  be  artificially  com- 
municated, by  introducing  the  virus  of  the  par- 
ticular disease  into  the  economy,  by  means  of 
a  puncture  or  scratch  made  in  the  skin.  When 
the  word  inoculation  is  used  alone,  it  usually 
means  that  for  the  small-pox. —  Variolation. 

Inoculation,  Cowi-ox,  Vaccination — i.  Jen- 
nerian,  Vaccination. 

INODULAR  TISSUE,  see  Tissue,  Inodular. 

INODULE,  Tissue,  inodular. 

INORGAN'IC,  Inorgan' ictts ,-  from  in,  priv. 
and  or'ganum,  '  an  organ.'  A  term  applied  lo 
bodies  which  have  no  organs; — such  as  mine- 
rals. At  the  present  day  naturalists  admit  of 
but  two  classes  of  bodies, — the  organized  and 
inoiganic.  Parts  of  the  body,  which,  like  the 
epidermis  are  devoidof  blood-vessels  and  nerves, 
have  been  called  anorganic. 

INOSCULATIO,  Anastomosis. 

IiNQLTETUDE,  Inquielu'do,  Jaclita'tio,  from 
in,  priv.  and  quies,  '  rest.'  Agitation  or  trouble, 
caused  by  indisposition.     Restlessness. 

INQUIN  AMENTUM,  Miasm. 

1NSAL1V  A'TION,  Insaliva'tio,  from  in,  and 
saliva.  The  mixture  of  the  food  with  the  saliva, 
and  other  secretions  of  the  mouth. 

INSALU'BRIOUS,  Insalu'bris,  Xose'rns,  No- 
so'des.  That  which  is  unhealthy,— which  in- 
jures the  health. 

1NSAMA,  Mania— i.  Cadiva,  Epilepsy— i. 
Lupina,  Lycanthropia. 

INSANTTY,  Jnsa'nia,-  from  in,  privative,  and 
sanus,  'sound.'  Mental  alicna'tion,  Miena'tio 
Mends,  Arrtp'tio,  Unsound  Mind,  Derange' ment, 
Deranged  intellect,  Cra'ziness,  Aphros'yne,  Er- 
phro'iua,  Dctir'ia,  Vesa-'nia,  Delir'ium,  (Crich- 


ton,)  Insipien'tia,  (F. )  Folie,  itgarement 
d' Esprit,  Paraphrenic.  This  term  includes  all 
the  varieties  of  unsound  mind, — Mania,  Melan- 
cholia, moral  Insanity,  Dementia,  and  Idiocy, 
which  see. 

Insanity,  Moral,  Pathomania—  i.  Senile, 
Delirium  senile. 

INSCRIPTIO'NES  TENDIN'EjE  MUSCU- 
LO'RUM,  Inlersectio'ncs  tendin'ea.  musculo'rum. 
The  tendinous  portions  which  cros-.  several 
muscles,  and  especially  the  straight  muscles  of 
the  abdomen. 

INSENESCENTIA,  Agerasia. 

INSENSIBILITY,  Anasthe'sia.  Loss  or  ab- 
sence of  sensibility.  It  is  very  common  in  cere- 
bral affections,  and  may  extend  to  every  part, 
or  be  limited  to  one  or  more.  Some  organs  are 
much  more  sensible  than  others.  The  bones, 
cartilages,  ligaments,  &c,  are  insensible  in 
health,  but  acutely  sensible  in  disease. 

INSEN'SIBLE,  Sensibi/ita'te  carens.  That 
which  is  devoid  of  sensibility.  This  word  is 
applied,  also,  to  phenomena  which  cease  to  be 
appreciable  to  the  senses.  Thus,  we  say,  the 
pulse  becomes  insensible. 

INSER'TION,  Inser'tia,  Symphysis,  Eno'sis, 
from  inserere,  (in,  and  serere,  'to  join  or  knit,') 
'to  ingraft,'  (F.)  Attache.  The  attachment  of 
one  part  to  another.  Insertions  occur  chiefly 
on  bones,  cartilages,  and  fibrous  organs;  thus, 
we  speak  of  the  insertion  of  muscular  fibres 
into  a  tendon  or  aponeurosis  ;  the  insertion  of  a 
tendon,  aponeurosis,  or  ligament,  into  a  carti- 
lage or  bone.  The  word  insertion  has  likewise 
been  used  by  pathologists,  for  the  act  of  inocu- 
lating or  introducing  a  virus  into  the  body. 

INSES'SIO,  from  insidere,  (in,  and  sedere,) 
'to  sit  in.'  This  term  is,  sometimes,  applied  to 
a  vapour  bath,  the  person  being  seated  in  a  per- 
forated chair,  beneath  which  a  vessel, filled  with 
hot  water,  or  the  hot  decoction  of  some  plant, 
is  placed.     See  Semicupium. 

INSESSUS,  Bath,  half. 

INSIDEN'TIA,  Epis'tasis,  (q.  v.)  Any  thing 
which  swims  on  or  in  the  urine.  It  is  opposed 
to  the  Hypos' tasis  or  subsidentia. 

INSIP1ENTIA,  Insanity. 

INSISIO  CILIORUM,  Blepharoplastice. 

INSITIO,  Inoculation — i.  Variolarum,  Inocu- 
lation. 

INSOLATION,  Insola'tio,  from  in,  and  sol, 
'the  sun  ;'  Aprica'tio,  Helio'sis,  Siri'asis.  Expo- 
sure to  the  sun.  Exposure  of  a  patient  to  the 
rays  of  the  sun  is,  sometimes,  had  recourse  to, 
with  the  view  of  rousing  the  vital  forces,  when 
lancruishing,  or  of  producing  irritation  of  the 
skin.  Insolation  is  occasionally  used  in  the 
same  sense  as  coup  de  soleil,  (q.  v.) 

In  pharmacy,  insolation  means  the  drying  of 
chemical  and  pharmaceutical  substances. 

INSOLAZIONE  DE  PRIMIVERjI,  Pella- 
gra. 

INSOM'NIA,  Insom'nium,  Insom'nitas,  Saha- 
ra, Zaara,  Pervigilium,  Agryp'nia,  Ahyp'nia, 
Anyp'nia,  Typhoma'nia,  Sleeplessness,  Vigilance,- 
from  in,  privative,  and  somnus,  'sleep,'  'ab- 
sence of  sleep.'  This  may  exist  alone,  and 
constitute  a  true  disease;  or  it  may  be  connected 
with  another  affection.  It  is  an  unequivocal 
sio-n  of  suffering  in  some  organ;  even  when  the 
patient  experiences  no  pain. 

I NSO  M  N I U  M .  Som  n i  u  m. 

LYSPIRATEUR,  Inspiratory. 


INSPIRATION 


412 


INTERCALARY 


INSPIRATION,  Inspira'tio, Empneumato'sis, 
Eisp'noS,  Adspirdtio,  Aspira'tio,  from  in,  'in,' 
and  spiro,  '  1  brealhe.'  The  action  by  which 
the  air  penetrates  into  the  interior  of  the  lungs. 
A  movement  opposed  to  that  of  expiration.  As 
regards  the  average  quantity  of  air  received 
into  the  lungs  at  each  inspiration,  there  is  much 
discrepancy  amongst  observers.  The  following 
table  sufficiently  exhibits  this. 

Cubic  inches  at 
each  inspiration. 

Reil, 42  to  1 00 

Menzies,         ^ 
Sauvages, 
Hales, 
Halter, 

Ellis,  )■ 40 

Sprengel, 
Sommering, 
Thomson, 
Bostock, 

Jurin, T 35  to  38 

Fontana, 35 

Richerand, 30  to  40 

Dalton, 30 

Herholdt, 20  to  29 

Jurine, 20 

Allen  and  Pepys, 16£ 

J.  Borelli, 15  to  40 

Goodwvn, 14 

Sir  H.  Davy, 1 3  to  1 7 

Abernethy  and  Mojon, 12 

Keutsch,. 6  to  12 

Inspiration  of  Venous  Blood.  By  this  is 
meant  the  aspiration  of  blood  towards  the  heart, 
occasioned  by  the  approach  to  a  vacuum  pro- 
duced by  the  dilatation  of  the  thorax  during 
inspiration. 

INSPIRATORY.  Same  etymon.  Inspira- 
tion* inser'viens,  (F.)  Inspirateur.  A  name 
given  to  muscles,  which,  by  their  contraction, 
augment  the  size  of  the  chest,  and  thus  pro- 
duce inspiration.  The  diaphragm  and  inter- 
costal muscles  are  the  chief  agents  of  inspira- 
tion. In  cases  where  deep  inspirations  are  ne- 
cessary, the  action  of  these  muscles  is  aided  by 
the  contraction  of  the  pectoralis  major  and  pec- 
toralis  minor,  subclavius,  serratus  major  anti- 
cus,  scaleni,  serratus  posticus  superior,.  &c. 
Most  of  these  muscles  become  inspiratory,  by 
taking  their  fixed  point  at  the  part  which  they 
'ordinarily  move,  and  elevating  the  ribs. 

INSTEP,  (F.)  Coudepied.  The  projection 
at  the  upper  part  of  the  foot,  near  its  articula- 
tion with  the  leg — the  metatarsus,  (q.  v.) 

INSTILLATIO,  Enstalaxis. 

INSTILLATION,  Enstalax'is,  Instilla'tio, 
from  in, '  into,'  and  stilla,  '  a  drop.'  The  act  of 
pouring  a  liquid  drop  by  drop. 

INSTINCT,  (L.)  Instinc'tus,  'inwardly 
moved,'  Bru'tia.  The  action  of  the  living 
principle,  whenever  manifestly  directing  its 
operations  to  the  health,  preservation,  or  repro- 
duction of  a  living  frame  or  any  part  of  such 
frame.  The  law  of  instinct  is,  consequently, 
the  law  of  the  living  principle,  and  instinctive 
actions  are  the  actions  of  the  living  principle. 
Instinct  is  natural.     Reason  is  acquired. 

INSTITUTES  OF  MEDICINE,  see  Theory 
of  medicine. 

INSUFFICIENCY,  from  in,  and  sufficient. 
lnadequateness  to  any  end  or  purpose,— as  In- 


sufficiency of  the  valves  of  the  heart;  (F.)  Insvffi- 
sance  des  valvules  du  Cawr.  A  condition  in 
which  they  are  not  adapted,  as  in  health,  to 
properly  close  the  apertures. 

IjVSUFFISAJYCE  DES  VALVULES  DU 
CCEUR,  Insufficiency  of  the  valves  of  the  heart. 

INSUFFLATION,  Insuffla'tio,  from  in,  sub, 
and  flare,  'to  blow.'  The  act  of  blowing  a  gas 
or  vapour  into  some  cavity  of  the  body;  as  when 
tobacco  smoke  is  injected  into  the  rectum;  or 
when  air  is  blown  into  the  mouths  of  new-born 
children  to  excite  the  respiratory  functions. 

lN'SULA  CER'EBRI.  The  intermediate 
lobe  of  the  brain.  Lobus  intermedins  cer'ebri. 
A  remarkable  group  of  convolutions  within  the 
fissure  of  Sylvius. 

Insula  Sanguinis,  see  Blood. 

INSULTUS,  Attack,  Paroxysm. 

INTEG'UMENT,  Integumen' turn,  Tegumen'- 
tum,  Teg'umen,  Teg'imen,  Tegmen,  Involu'crum 
seu  Velamen'tum  corp'oris  commu'ne,-  from  in  and 
tegere,  'to  cover.'  (F.)  Tegument.  Anything, 
which  serves  to  cover,  to  envelop.  The  skin, 
including  the  cuticle,  rete  mucosum,  and  cutis 
vera  is  the  common  integument,  or  tegument  of 
the  body. 

INTELLECT,  Intellec'tus,  Nous,  Me' sis, 
Syn'esis,  from  inlelligere,  (inter,  'between,'  and 
legere,  'to  choose;')  '  to  understand,'  'conceive,' 
'know.'  (F.)  Entcndement.  Intelligence.  The 
aggregate  of  the  intellectual  faculties — percep- 
tion, formation  of  ideas,  memory,  and  judgment. 

Intellect,  Deranged,  Insanity. 

INTELLIGENCE,  Intellect. 

INTEM'PERANCE,  Intcmperan' lia ;  Acra'- 
sia,  Acola'sia,  Ples'monS,  Amet'ria,  Aples'lia. 
from  in,  '  negation,'  and  temperare,  '  to  temper.' 
Immoderate  use  of  food  and  drink,  especially 
the  latter; — a  fruitful  source  of  disease. 

INTEMPE'RIES.  Same  etymon.  Dyscra'- 
sia.  Derangement  in  the  constitution  of  the 
atmosphere  and  of  the  seasons;  bad  constitu- 
tion; derangement,  or  disorder  in  the  humours 
of  the  body. 

INTENSIVUS,  Entaticos. 

INTENTION,  Inten'tio,  from  in,  and  tendert, 
1  to  stretch,'  Propos'itum.  The  object  which 
one  proposes.  In  surgery,  a  wound  is  said  to 
heal  by  the  first  intention,  when  cicatrization  oc- 
curs without  suppuration;  union  by  the  second 
intention  being  that,  which  does  not  occur  un- 
til the  surfaces  have  suppurated.  To  obtain 
union  by  the  first  intention,  the  edges  of  a  re- 
cent wound  must  be  brought  in  apposition  and 
kept  together  by  means  of  adhesive  plasters  and 
a  proper  bandage.  Delpech  has  substituted  for 
those  expressions,  Reunion  primitive,  and  Re- 
union secondaire. 

1NTERANEA,  Entrails. 

1  N  TE  R  A  R  T I  C'U  L  AR,  Inttrarticuldris. 
Parts  situate  between  the  articulations  are  so 
called;  as  inter  articular  cartilages,  inter  articular 
ligaments,  &c. 

INTERCA'DENCE,  Intercaden'lia,  Interci- 
den'tia,  from  inter,  'between,'  and  cadere,  'to 
fall.'  Disorder  of  the  arterial  pulsations,  so 
that,  every  now  and  then,  a  supernumerary 
pulsation  occurs.  The  pulse,  in  such  case,  is 
said  to  be  intercurrent. 

INTERCAL'ARY,  Intercala'ris,-  from  inter- 
calare,  '  to  insert,'  Embol'imos,  Interpolaftus, 
Provocato'rius.  The  days  which  occur  between 
those  that  are  critical.     The  term  has,  also. 


&  INTERCELLULAR  SUBSTANCE         413 


INTERMITTENT  FEVER 


been  applied  to  the  days  of  apyrexia  in  inter- 
mittent fevers. 

INTERCEL'LULAR  SUBSTANCE,  see 
Cytoblastema. 

INTERCEP'TIO,  from  inter,  'between,'  and 
caper e,  '  to  take.'  A  bandage,  by  the  aid  of 
which  the  ancients  proposed  to  arrest  the  pro- 
gress of  the  materia]  cause  of  gout  and  rheu- 
matism; and  which  consisted  in  covering  the 
affected  limbs  with  carded  wool;  surrounding 
them,  afterwards,  with  broad  bandages,  applied 
fiom  the  fingers  to  the  axilla,  or  froln  the  toes 
to  the  groin. 

WTERCERV1C.4UX,  Interspinals  colli. 

INTERCIDENTIA,  Intercadence. 

I N  T  E  R  C  L  A  VIC'U  LAR,  Interclavicular  is, 
from  inkr,  'between,'  and  clavicula,  'a  clavi- 
cle.' That  which  is  placed  between  the  clavi- 
cles. 

Interclavicular  Lig'ament  is  a  fibrous 
bundle,  placed  transversely  above  the  extre- 
mity of  the  sternum,  between  the  heads  of  the 
two  clavicles.  This  ligament  is  flat.  Its  fibres, 
which  are  always  longer  above  than  below,  are 
separated  by  small  .apertures,  which  are  tra- 
versed by  vessels.  It  prevents  the  separation 
of  the  two  clavicles  in  the  forced  depression  of 
the  shoulder. 

INTERCOSTAL,  Intereosfa'lis,  from  inter, 
'  between,"  and  costa,  '  a  rib,'  Mesopleu'rios. 
That  whieh  is  situate  between  the  ribs.  (F.) 
Sous-costaux. 

Intercostal  Ar'teries  vary  in  number. 
There  is  constantly,  however,  a  supe'rior,  Jir- 
ie'ria  Iniercosta'lis  supe'rior  vel  Intercosta' lis 
subclu'via,  which  is  given  off  from  the  poste- 
rior part  of  the  subclavian,  and  which  sends 
branches  into  the  first  two  or  three  intercostal 
spaces;  and,  generally,  eight  or  nine  inferior  or 
aortic  intercostals.  These  arise  from  the  lateral 
and  posterior  parts  of  the  pectoral  aorta,  and 
ascend  obliquely  in  front  of  the  vertebral  co- 
lumn, to  gain  the  intercostal  spaces,  where 
they  divide  into  a  dorsal,  branch  and  an  inter- 
costal, properly  so  called. 

Intercostal  Muscles  are  distinguished  into 
internal, — inter-pUvrbcostaux  of  Dumas, — and 
external.  The  former  are  inserted  into  the 
inner  lip,  the  latter  into  the  outer  lip  of  the 
edge  of  the  ribs.  The  fibres  of  the  external  in- 
tercostals are  directed  obliquely  downwards  and 
forwards;  and  those  of  the  internal  downwards 
and  backwards.  Both  are  inspiratory  or  expi- 
ratory muscles,  according  as  they  take  their 
origin  on  the  upper  or  lower  rib.  Some  small, 
fleshy  fibres,  seen  occasionally  at  the  inner 
suface  of  the  thorax,  descending  obliquely 
/rom  one  rib  to  another,  have  been  called 
Infraco  stales. 

Intercostal  Nerve,  Trisplanchnic  nerve. 

Intercostal  Nerves,  Branches  souscustales, 
(Ch.)  Costal  or  Dorsal  nerves,  proceed  from  the 
anterior  branches  of  the  dorsal  nerves.  They 
are  twelve  in  number,  and  are  distributed  espe- 
cially to  the  museles  of  the  parietes  of  the  chest 
and  abdomen. 

Intercostal  Space  is  the  interval  which 
separates  one  rib  from  that  immediately  above 
or  below  it. 

Intercostal  Veins  are  distinguished  like  the 
arteries.    The  right  superior  intercostal  vein  is  ' 
often   wanting.     When  it  exists,  it  opens  into 
die  back  part  of  the  subclavian.    The  same  vein  [ 


of  the  left  side  is  very  large.  It  communicatee 
with  the  demi-azygos,  receives  the  left  bron- 
chial vein,  and  opens  into  the  corresponding 
subclavian.  The  right  inferior  intercostal  veins 
open  into  the  vena  azygos;  and  those  of  the  left 
into  the  demi-azygos. 

INTERCURRENT,  lntercur'rens,  from  inter, 
'  between,'  and  currere,  'to  run.'  Diseases  are 
so  called  which  supervene  at  different  seasons 
of  the  year,  or  which  cannot  be  considered  as 
belonging  to  any  particular  season. — Syden- 
ham. A  disease  is  likewise  so  called  which 
occurs  in  the  course  of  another  disease,  as  In- 
tercurrent Pneumonia. 

INTERCUTANEUS,  Subcutaneous. 

INTERDEN'TIUM,  from  inter,  'between,' 
and  dens, '  a  tooth.'  The  interval  between  teeth 
of  the  same  order. — Linden. 

1NTERDIGITAIRE,  Interdigital. 

INTERDIG'TTAL,  hxterdigitu! lis,  (F.)  Inter- 
digitaire,  same  etymon  as  the  next.  That 
which  relates  to  the  spaces  between  the  fingers. 
Interdigital  space,  (F.)  Espace  inter  digitaire,  is 
used,  also,  for  the  commissure  between  the 
fingers. 

INTERDIGITTUM,  from  inter,  '  between,' 
and  digitus,  '  a  finger.'  A  corn  or  wart,  which 
grows  between  the  fingers  and  toes,  especially 
between  the  latter. — Pliny. 

LXTERtiPWEUX  CERVICAVX,  Interspi- 
nals colli. 

INTERFEMINEUM,  Perinaeum,  Vulva,  Ge- 
nital organs. 

INTERFINIUM  NARIUM,  Septum  narium. 

INTERFORAMINEUM.  Perinaeum. 

INTERMAXILLARY. '  lntermaxilla'ris,— 
from  inter,  'between,'  and  maxilla,  'a  jaw.' 
That  which  is  situate  between  the  maxillary 
bones. 

Intermaxillary  Bone,  Inci'sive,  Pal'atine, 
or  Labial  bone,  is  a  bony  portion,  wedged  in  be- 
tween the  two  superior  maxillary  bones,  which 
supports  the  upper  incisors.  This  bone  is 
found  irt  the  mammalia;  and,  also,  in  the  hu- 
man fetus. 

LYTERMtDE,  Escipient. 

INTERMEDIATE  VASCULAR  SYSTEM, 
Capillary  system. 

INTERMIS'SION,  Intermis'sio,  Dialcip'sis, 
from  inter,  'between,'  and  mittere,  'to  put  or 
send.'  (F.)  Intermittence.  The  interval  which 
occurs  between  two  paroxysms  of  an  intermit- 
tent or  other  disease — during  which  the  pa- 
tient is  almost  in  his  natural  state.  There  is 
said  to  be  intermission  of  the  pulse,  when,  in 
a  given  number  of  pulsations,  one  or  more  may 
be  wanting. 

INTERMITTENCE,Interm\ss\on. 

INTERMITTENT,  Intermit' tens.  Same  ety- 
mon.    That  which  has  intermissions. 

Intermittent  Fever,  Febris  intermit' tens , 
Dialeip' yra,  Inter  mittens,  An'etus,  Jigue,  Ague 
and  Fever,  (F.),  Fievre  inter millenle,  F.  d'Jicces, 
F.  des  marais,  F.  Periodique,  is  a  fever  chiefly 
produced  by  marshy  miasms,  and  consist- 
ing of  paroxysms,  with  a  complete  slate  of 
apyrexia  in  the  intervals.  The  chief  types 
are  the  Quotidian,  Tertian,  and  Quartan.  The 
symptoms  of  intermittents  are  those  of  a  de- 
cided and  completely  marked  cold  stage:  (F.) 
Slade  defi aid,  attended  with  paleness;  collapse; 
impaired  sensibility;  and  coldness,  more  or  less 
diffused,  followed  by  general  rigors.    After  this 


INTERMUSCULAR 


414 


INTERTOLATUS 


occurs  the  hot  stage,-  Stade  de  la  Ckaieur,  the 
heat  returning  partially  and  irregularly,  and,  at 
length,  becoming  universal,  and  much  above 
the  standard  of  health.  The  pulse  is  now 
hard  and  strong;  tongue  white;  urine  high-co- 
loured; thirst  considerable.  At  length,  the 
sweating  stage  (F.)  Stade  de  Sueur,  makes  its 
appearance;  the  moisture  usually  beginning  on 
the  forehead,  face,  and  neck,  and  soon  ex- 
tending universally;  the  heat  abating;  thirst 
ceasing;  the  urine  throwing  down  a  sediment, 
and  the  functions  being  gradually  restored  to 
their  wonted  state.  The  tertian  type  is  the 
most  common,  and  the  quartan  the  most  se- 
vere. The  quotidian  more  readily  changes  into 
a  remittent  and  continued  fever.  The  quartan 
has,  generally,  the  longest  cold  stagp,  the  ter- 
tian the  longest  hot.  The  exciting  causes  are 
marsh  miasmata.  Ague,  also,  occurs  in  dis- 
tricts where  there  are  no  marshy  emanations. 
Such  districts  are,  generally,  of  a  volcanic  na- 
ture; farther  we  know  not.  When  the  disease 
has  once  attacked  an  individual,  it  is  apt  to  re- 
cur. The  prognosis  is,  in  general,  favourable, 
as  far  as  regards  life;  but  long  protracted  inter- 
mittents  are  apt  to  induce  visceral  obstructions 
and  engorgements,  which  may  end  in  dropsy. 
In  some  countries,  *he  disease  is  of  a  very 
pernicious  character.  The  indications  of  treat- 
ment are,  1.  To  abate  the  violence  of  the 
paroxysm;  and  2.  To  prevent  its  return.  The 
first  indication  requires  the  adoption  of  the  ge- 
neral piinciples  and  remedies  required  in  ordi- 
nary fever.  The  second  is  the  most  important. 
The  period  of  apyrexia  is  that  for  action.  The 
means  for  fulfilling  this  indication  are : — the  use 
of  emetics,  purgatives,  cinchona,  quinia,  &c, 
arsenic,  and  forcible  impressions  made  on  the 
mind  of  the  patient. 

INTERMUSCULAR,  Inter  musculo!  ris,  from 
inter,  'between,'  and  musculus,  'a  muscle.' 
That  which  is  placed  between  muscles. 

Intermuscular  Aponeuroses  are  aponeu- 
rotic lamina  or  septa,  situate  between  muscles 
to  which  they  often  give  attachment. 

INTER'NAL,  Inner,  Inter'nus.  That  which 
is  placed  on  the  inside.  This  epithet  is  given 
to  parts  that  look  towards  an  imaginary  central 
plane,  which  divides  the  body  into  two  equal 
and  symmetrical  portions,  as  well  as  to  those 
which  correspond  with  a  cavity.  Thus,  we  say 
the  inner  surface  of  the  arm  or  thigh — the  inner 
surface  of  the  skull,  &c. 

Internal  Diseases,  Morbi  inter'ni,  are  those 
which  occupy  the  inner  parts  of  the  body. 
Their  investigation  belongs  to  the  physician; 
external  diseases  falling  under  the  management 
of  the  surgeon. 

1NTERNODIA  DIG1TORUM  MANUS, 
Phalanges  of  the  fingers — i.  Digitorum  pedis, 
Phalanges  of  the  toes. 

1NTERNUS  AUR1S,  Tensor  tympani-i. 
Mallei,  Tensor  tympani. 

INTEROS'SEl  PEDIS,  Metatarso-phalan- 
gien-lateral,  (Ch.)  The  number,  arrangement, 
shape,  and  uses  of  these  are  the  same  as  in  the 
case  of  the  preceding  muscles.  Four  are  dorsal, 
and  three  plantar,-  six  belong  to  the  three  mid- 
dle toes  and  one  to  the  little  toe.  The  great 
toe  is  devoid  of  them.  As  in  the  hand,  they  are 
distinguished,  in  each  toe,  into  abductor  and 
adductor. 

INTEROSSEOUS,  Intcros'seus.   That  which 


is  situate  between  the  bone3;  from  inter, f  be- 
tween,' and  os, '  a  bone.' 

Interosseous  Ar'teries  of  the  Forearm 
and  Hand.  Of  these  there  are  several.  I.  The 
common  interosseous  artery  arises  from  the  pos- 
terior part  of  the  ulnar,  a  little  below  the  bicipi- 
tal tuberosity  of  the  radius;  passes  backwards 
and  divides  into  two  branches:  the  one  called 
anterior  interosseous,  descends  vertically,  inte- 
rior to  the  interosseous  ligament;  the  other, 
called  posterior  interosseous,  passes  above  that 
ligament,appearsat  it3  posterior  part  and  divides 
into  two  great  branches,— the  posterior  recurrent 
radial  and  the  posterior  interosseous,  properly  so 
called.  In  the  hand, — 1.  The  dorsal  metacar- 
pal interosseous  arteries,  are  given  off  by  the 
dorsalis  carpi,  a  division  of  the  radial  artery. 

2.  The  Palmar  interosseous  arteries,  which  arise 
from  the  convexity  of  the  deep  palmar  arch, 
and   give   off  the  middle  interosseous  arteries. 

3.  The  dorsal  interosseous  of  the  index,  proceed- 
ing directly  from  the  radial  artery.  In  the  foot 
are  distinguished — 1.  The  dorsal  interosseous 
arteries,  three  in  number,  which  arise  from  the 
artery  of  the  metatarsus,  a. branch  of  the  dorsa- 
lis tarsi.  2.  The  plantar  interosseous  arteries, 
which  are,  also,  three  in  number,  and  arise 
from  the  plantar  arch. 

Interosseous  Lig'amekts.  Ligaments  seated 
between  certain  bones,  which  they  unite;  such 
are  the  ligaments  between  the  radius  and  ulna, 
and  between  the  tibia  and  fibula. 

Interosseous  Muscles.  These  occupy  the 
spaces  between  the  bones  of  the  metacarpus 
and  metatarsus;  and,  consequently,  belong,— 
some  to  the  hand,  others  to  the  foot. 

Interosseous  Nerve  is  a  branch,  given  off 
by  the  median  nerve,  which  descends  before 
the  interosseous  ligament,  accompanying  the 
artery  of  the  same  name. 

Interosseous  Veins  have  the  same  arrange- 
ment as  the  arteries. 

Interqsseus  Ma.nus,  (F.)  Muscle  interosseux 
de  la  main — Metacarpo-phalangien- lateral  sus- 
pal/naire  et  metacarpo-phalangien  lateral,  (Ch  ) 
These  muscles  are  seven  in  number;  two  for 
each  of  the  three  middle  fingers,  and  one  for 
the  little  finger.  Four  are  situate  on  the  back 
of  the  hand,  and  three  only  in  the  palm.  They 
are  inserted  into  the  metacarpal  bones,  and 
send  a  tendon  to  the  tendon  of  the  extensor 
communis.  According  to  their  office,  they  are, 
to  each  finger,  an  adductor  and  an  abductor. 
The  index  has  a  dorsal  abductor  and  a  palmar 
one.  The  middle  finger  has  two  dorsal  muscles 
for  adductor  and  abductor;  the  ring  finger  has 
a  dorsal  adductor  and  a  palmar  abductor;  and 
the  little  finger  has  only  one  interosseous  ab- 
ductor, which  is  palmar.  These  muscles  pro- 
duce abduction  and  adduction  of  the  fingers, 
which  they  can  also  extend,  owing  to  their  con- 
nexion with  the  extensor  tendons. 

Inteuosseus  Secunrus,  Prior  medii  digiti — v 
i.  Quartus,  Prior  annularis. 

INTEROSSEUX  DE  LA  MAIN,  Interosseus 
manus. 

INTERPELLATE  (Morbus,)  from  inter- 
pello, '  1  interrupt.'  A  term,  by  which  Paracel- 
sus designated  those  diseases  whose  progress  is 
unequal,  and  paroxysms  irrponilnr 

1NTERPL&  VROCOSTAUX,  Intercostal 
muscles 

INTERPOLATUS,  Intercalary. 


INTERSCAPULAR 


415 


INTESTINE 


INTERSCAPULAR,  Interscapular  is,  (inter, 
and  scapula.)  That  which  is  between  the 
shoulders;  as  the  interscapular  region. 

INTERSCAPU'LIUM.  The°spine  of  the 
scapula. 

INTERSECTIO,  Decussation. 
INTERSECTION,  Diac'ope,  from  inter,  'be- 
tween,' and  seco,  'I  cut.'  The  point  where 
two  lines  meet  and  cut  each  other.  The  name, 
aponeurotic  intersection,  is  given  to  fibrous 
bands,  which  certain  muscles  present  in  their 
length,  and  by  which  they  seem  interrupted. 
Aponeurotic  intersections  are  found  in  the  recti 
muscles  of  the  abdomen;  in  the  serai-mem- 
branosus,  complexus,  sterno-thyroideus,  &c. 

INTEKSECTIONES  TENDJNE^E  MUS- 
CULORUM, Inscriptiones  tendineae  muscu- 
lorum. 

INTERSEPIMENTUM  THORACIS,  Me- 
diastinum. 

INTERSEPTA  HORIZONTALLY  PAC- 
CHIONI,  Tentorium. 

INTERSEPTUM,from  inter,  'between,'  and 
septum, 'a  partition,'  Cion,  xitor.  The  uvula; 
(q.  v.)  also,  the  septum  narium. 

Interseptu.m  Narium,  Septum  narium— i. 
Virjr'inale,  Hymen. 

INTERSPINAL,  Interspinals,  from  inter, 
'  between,'  and  spina, '  the  spine.'  That  which 
is  seated  between  the  spinous  processes. 

Interspinal  Lig'ament,  Membra'na  inter- 
spina'Us,  (F.)  Ligament  interepineux.  These 
occupy  the  intervals  between  the  spinous  pro- 
cesses in  the  back  and  loins.  In  the  neck,  they 
are  replaced  by  the  muscles  of  the  same  name. 
They  prevent  the  too  great  flexion  of  the  spine, 
and  keep  the  spinous  processes  in  situ. 

INTERSPINALS,  COLLI,  Spina'les  Colli 
mino'res,  Spina' ti,  (F.)  Interepineux-cervicaux, 
Inlercervicaux,  (Ch.)  These  are  twelve  in  num- 
ber, and  occupy,  in  two  parallel  rows,  the  in- 
tervals between  the  spinous  processes  of  the 
cervical  vertebra,  from  that  of  the  atlas  and 
vertebra  dentata,  to  that  between  the  last  cervi- 
cal and  first  dorsal  vertebra;.  They  are  flat, 
thin,  and  quadrilateral.  These  muscles  con- 
tribute to  the  extension  of  the  neck  and  to 
throwing  the  head  backwards. 

Intf.uspinal.es  Dorsi  et  Lujibo'rum;  por- 
tions of  the  Transversaireepineux, ofHnyer,  and 
the  sacrospinal  of  Chaussier.  These  muscles 
are  of  two  kinds.  The  one  (Muscle  grand  epi- 
neux  du  dos,  of  Winslow)  representing  fleshy 
bundles  of  different  lengths,  applied  upon  the 
lateral  surfaces  of  the  spinous  processes,  from 
1  lie  third  dorsnl  vertebra  to  the  second  lumbar. 
The  other  (Muscle  petit  cpinevx  du  dos,  Win- 
slow)  covered  by  the  preceding.  They  are 
situate  on  each  side  of  the  interspinal  liga- 
ment, in  the  form  of  small,  short  fiat  bundles, 
which  pass  from  one  spinous  process  to  the 
second,  third  or  fourth  above  it.  These  mus- 
cles aid  in  extending  the  vertebral  column; 
and  incline  it  a  little  to  one  side,  when  they  act 
on  one  side  only. 

INTERSTICE,  Inter sti" tivm,  from  inter,  'be- 
tween,' and  sto,  'I  stand,'  Diastema,  Interval'- 
lum.  Anatomists  have  given  this  name  to  the 
intervals  between  organs.  The  iliac  crest — 
crista  ilii.  for  example,  has  two  lips  and  an  in- 
terstice betweeji  them,  which  affords  attachment 
to  the  lesser  oblique  muscle  of  the  abdomen. 

Interstice,  Pore. 


INTERTINCTUS,  Discreet. 
INTERTRACmLlENS,   Intertransversales 
colli. 

WTERTRAXSVERSMRES  DES  LOMBES, 
Intertransversales  lumborum. 

INTER-TRANS VERSA'LIS,  Inter transver- 
sa''rius.  That  which  is  placed  between  the 
transverse  process  of  the  vertebra. 

Intertransversales  Colli,  (F.)  Intcrtrans- 
versaircs  ccrvicaux,  IntertracMliens,  (Ch.)  These 
are  small,  muscular  bundles;  quadrilateral; 
thin  and  flat;  situate,  in  pairs,  in  the  intervals 
between  the  transverse  processes  of  the  neck, 
except  between  the  first  and  second,  where  there 
is  only  one.  They  are  distinguished  Into anttrior 
and  posterior.  The  former  are  six  in  number; 
the  latter  five.  These  muscles  bring  the  trans- 
verse processes  of  the  neck  nearer  each  other, 
and  contribute  to  the  lateral  flexion  of  the  neck. 

1ntertuansversji.es  Lumbo'rum,  Mus'cu/i 
intertransversi  lumbo'rum,  (F.)  Intertransver- 
saires  des  lombes.  These  are  almost  entirely 
fleshy,  and  ten  in  number;  five  on  each  side. 
They  are  similar  to  the  preceding  in  general  ar- 
rangement; except  that  they  are  more  marked, 
and  not  placed  in  two  rows.  Each  intertrans- 
verse space  contains  only  one.  They  are  quad- 
rilateral, and  flat.  The  first  occupies  the  space 
between  the  transverse  processes  of  the  first 
lumbar  and  last  dorsal  vertebra;  and  the  last  is 
between  that  of  the  fourth  and  fifth  lumbar 
vertebrae.  These  museles  incline  the  lumbar 
region  laterally;  and  straighten  it  when  in- 
clined to  one  side. 

INTERTRIGO,  Chafing. 

INTERVALLUM,  Interstice. 

INTERVERTEBRAL,  Intervertebral  lis,  (in- 
ter, and  vertebra  )  That  which  is  situate  be- 
tween the  vertebra?. 

Intervertebral  Caii'tilages,  Interverte- 
braljibro- cartilages — Ligamen'ta  intervertebra'lia. 
These  organs  are  of  a  fibrocartilaginous  nature ; 
sections  of  a  cylinder;  flexible;  whitish;  re- 
sisting; and  situate  between  the  bodies  of  the 
vertebrae. — from  the  space  between  the  second 
and  third  as  far  as  that  between  the  last  verte- 
bra and  sacrum.  Their  form  is  accommodated 
to  that  of  the  vertebra  with  which  they  are  in 
connexion  ;  so  that,  in  the  neck  and  loins,  they 
are  oval,  whilst  in  the  dorsal  region  they  are 
nearly  circular. 

INTESTABfLlS.  Castratus. 

INTESTATUS,  Castratus. 

INTESTIJf,  Intestine. 

INTESTINAL,  Intestina'Us,  from  intus, 
'  within.'  That  which  belongs  to  the  intestines, 
— as  intestinal  canal,  &,c.  Bordeu  uses  the 
term  Pou Is  intestinal  for  a  pulse,  which  he  con- 
ceived to  announce  an  approaching  crisis  by 
the  intestines. 

Intestinal  Juice,  Succus  entericus. 

INTES'TIiNE,  Intesti'num,  En'tcron.  Chorda, 
Gut,Ncdijia,  Pan'liccs  (o\.)  Inlcstin,  (F.)  Boyav. 
A  musculo-membranous  canal,  variously  con- 
voluted, which  extends  from  the  stomach  to 
the  anus,  and  is  situate  in  the  abdominal  cavity; 
the  greater  part  of  which  it  fills.  In  man,  its 
length  is  six  or  eight  times  that  of  the  body. 
It  is  divided  into  two  principal  portions,  called 
small  intestine  and  large  intestine.  The  former, 
IiUesti'nvm  ten'uS,  I.  grac'ile.  (F.)  Inteslin  grele, 
constituting  nearly  four-fifths  of  the  whole 
i  length,  begins  at  the  stomach  and  terminates 


INTEST1N0EUM  L.E  VITAS 


416 


INVERSIO  PALPEBRARUM 


in  the  right  iliac  region.  It  is  divided  into 
duodenum,  jejunum  and  ileum.  Some  anato- 
mists give  the  name  small  intestine  to  the  two 
latter  only;  which  are  kept  in  place  by  the 
mesentery,  and  form  a  large  paquet,  occupying 
the  umbilical  and  hypogastric  regions, a  parlor' 
the  Hanks,  of  the  iliac  regions,  and  of  the  cavity 
of  the  pelvis.  It  is  composed  of,  1.  A  serous 
membrane,  which  is  peritoneal.  2.  Of  a  mus- 
cular coat,  whose  fibres  are  very  pale,  and  are 
placed,  in  part,  longitudinally;  but  the  greater 
part  transversely.  3.  Of  a  whitish,  mucous 
membrane;  villous,  and  forming  folds  or  valves 
— valvulce.  conniccnles — at  its  inner  surface,  and 
furnished  with  a  considerable  numberof  mucous 
follicles,  called  glands  of  Lioberkiihn  and  Brun- 
ner,  and,  perhaps,  those  of  Peyer  may  be  added. 
The  arteries  of  the  small  intestine  proceed  from 
the  superior  mesenteric;  its  veins  open  into  the 
vena  porta.  Its  nerves  proceed  from  the  supe- 
rior mesenteric  plexus.  The  great  intestine, 
Intesti'num  crussum,  (F.)  Gros  intestin,  Megalo- 
ctr'.lia,  forms  a  sequence  to  the  small.  It  is 
much  shorter,  and  is  solidly  attached  in  the  re- 
gions of  the  abdomen  which  it  occupies.  It  be- 
gins in  the  right  iliac  region;  ascends  along  the 
right  flank,  till  beneath  the  liver,  when  it  crosses 
the  upper  part  of  the  abdomen,  descends  into 
the  left  iliac  fossa,  and  plunges  into  the  pelvic 
cavity,  to  gain  the  anus.  The  great  intestine 
is  usually  divided  into  three  portions, — the 
i cecum,  colon  and  rectum.  It  receives  its  arte- 
ries from  the  superior  and  inferior  mesenteries. 
Its  veins  open  into  the  vena  porta.  Its  nerves 
are  furnished  by  the  mesenteric  plexuses.  Its 
lymphatic  vessels,  which  are  much  less  nume- 
rous than  those  of  the  small  intestine,  pass  into 
the  ganglions  or  glands  seated  between  the  dif- 
ferent reflections  of  the  peritoneum,  which  fix 
it  to  the  abdominal  parietes.  The  use  of  the 
intestines  is, — in  the  upper  part,  to  effect  the 
chylification  of  the  food  and  the  absorption  of 
the  chyle; — in  the  lower,  to  serve  as  a  reservoir, 
where  the  excremenlitious  portion  of  the  food 
collects;  and,  also,  as  an  excretory  duct,  which 
effects  its  expulsion. 

INTESTINORUM  L.EVITAS,  Lientery. 

LNTESTINULA  CEREBRI,  Anfractuosities 
(rcrebral.) 

INTEST1NUM  CELLULATUM,Colon-i 
Circumvolutum.  lleon  —  i.  Crassum,  Colon — i. 
Grande,  Colon — i.  Laxum,  Colon — i.  Majus, 
Colon — i.  Medium,  Mesentery  — i.  Plenum,  Co- 
lon— i.  Rectum.  Rectum. 

INTOXICATIO,  Poisoning. 

INTOXICATION,  Poisoning—/,  des  Mantis, 
see  Miasm. 

INTOXICATION  saturnine  primi- 
tive The  aggregate  of  symptoms,  which 
present  themselves  prior  to  an  attack  of  lead 
colic. — Tanquercl  des  Planches. 

LYTRA-PEL VW-TR 0 CHANTiRIEN,  Ob- 
turator  infernos. 

INTRIN'SIC,  Intrin'sccns;  from  intra,  'with- 
in,' and  secus,  '  towards.'  Applied  to  the  inter- 
nal muscles  of  certain  organs;  as  those  of  the 
( ar,  tongue,  and  larynx.  Linnrjpus  gave  the 
name  Intrinseci  to  internal  diseases. 

INTRO! TUS   PELVIS,  see  Pelvis. 

INTROMISSION,  lntromis'sio;  from  intra, 
'  within,'  and  mitlo,  'I  send.'  The  act  of  in- 
troducing one  body  into  another,  as  Intromissio 
Penis,  (F.)  Intromission  de  la  Verge. 


INTROSUSCEPTIO,  Inlussusceptio— i.  En- 
tropium,  Entropion. 

INTUBUM,  Cichorium  endivia — i.  Err:iti- 
cum,  Cichorium  intybus. 

INTUMES'CENCE,  Intumescen'tia,  Dionco'- 
sis,  from  intumescere,  (in  and  tumesceie,)  'to 
swell.'  Augmentation  of  size  in  a  part  or  in 
the  whole  body.  Sauvages  uses  the  word  In- 
tumescen'  tise  for  an  order  of  diseases,  in  which 
he  comprehends  polysarcia,  pneumatosis,  ana- 
sarca, oedema,  physconia,  and  pregnancy. 

LNTUMESCENTIA  LACTEA  MAMMA- 
RUM,  Sparganosis — i.  Lienis,  Splenoncus. 

INTUSSUSCEP'TIO,  from  intus,  '  within,' 
and  susc/pio,  '  I  receive,'  Inlrosuscep'tio.  In 
physiology ; — the  mode  of  increase  peculiar  to 
organized  bodies.  In  pathology,  like  Convol- 
vulus, Volvulus  inlestino'rum,  Suscep'tio  Intes- 
lino' rum,  Chordap'sus,  Indigitutio,  ibr  men' turn 
and  Invaginaftio,  it  means  the  introduction  of 
one  part  of  the  intestinal  canal  into  another, 
which  serves  it  as  a  sort  of  vagina  or  sheath. 
Generally,  it  is  the  upper  part  of  the  small  in- 
testine, which  is  received  into  the  lower,  when 
the  intussusception  is  said  to  be  progressive. 
At  times,  however,  it  is  retrograde.  As  the  dis- 
ease cannot  be  positively  detected  by  the  symp- 
toms, it  must  be  treated  upon  general  princi- 
ples. At  times,  the  invaginated  portion  has 
separated  and  been  voided  per  anum, — the  pa- 
tient recovering.  The  disease  is,  however,  of 
a  very  dangerous  character. 

IN'PYBUM,  Cichorium  endivia. 

INTYBUS  HORTEiNSIS,  Cichorium  en- 
divia. 

INULA,  see  I.helenium  —  i.  Common, Inula 
helenium. 

In'ula  Dysenter'ica.  The  systematic  name 
ftf  the  Lesser  Inula,  Conyzn  me" din,  Ar'nica  Sue- 
den' sis,  .'Ir'niai  spu'ria,  Cuni'la  mas' cut  a,  Cony- 
zn, Cunila'go,  (F.)  Aunee  antidysenterique,  Herle 
dc  Saint  Roch.  Nat.  Ord.  Composite.  This 
plant  was  once  considered  to  possess  great  an- 
tidysenleric  virtues.  The  whole  plant  is  acrid 
and  somewhat  aromatic. 

Inula  Hele'nium.  The  systematic  name  of 
the  El'crampane — En'ula  campa'na,  Helenium, 
Common  Inula,  (F.)  Aunee.  The  root,  Inula 
(Ph.  U.  S.J  was  formerly  in  hicrh  esteem  in 
dyspepsia,  cachexia,  pulmonary  affections,  &c. 
It  is  now  scarcely  used. 

Inula  Lesser.  Inula  dysenlerica. 

IN  UNCTIO,  Liniment. 

INUNCTION.  Inunc'tio,  Ilh"lio,  Chrisis, 
Calach'risis,  Diach'risis,  Epich'risis,  Unctio.  A 
liniment.  Also,  the  act  of  rubbing  in.  (F  ) 
Onc.tion . 

INUNDATIO.  Depuration. 

INUSTIO,  Cauterization. 

INUSTORIUM,  Cauterium. 

IN  VAG"LN  ATED,  Invagindtus,  from  in,  and 
vagina,  '  a  sheath.'  Applied  to  a  part,  which  is 
received  into  another,  as  into  a  sheath. 

The  invaginated  or  slit  and  tail  liandage  is 
one  in  which  strips  or  tails  pass  through  appro- 
priate slits  or  button  holes. 

INVAGINATIO,  Intussusceptio. 

INVALETUDO,  Infirmity. 

INVALID.  Valetudinary. 

INVAL1DUS,  Valetudinary. 

INVASIO,  Arche,  Attack.  Paroxysm. 

IN  VERMIN  ATION,  Helminthiasis. 

1NVERS10  PALPEBRARUM,     Entropion 


LYVERS10N  DE  LA  MATRICE 


417 


IPECACUANHA 


— i.  Uteri,  Hysteroptosis,  Uterus,  inversion  of 
the. 

INVERSION  DE  LA  MATRICE,  Uterus, 
inversion  of  the. 

JNVISCAJNTIA,  Incrassantia. 

INVISCA'TIO  OC'ULI.  A  morbid  adhe- 
sion of"  the  eyelids  to  each  other,  or  to  the  globe 
of  the  eye. 

INVOLUCRUM  CORDIS,  Pericardium— i. 
Corporis  commune,  Integument — i.  Lingua?, 
see  Tongue — i.  Membranaceum,  Decidua  re- 
flexa — i.  Nervorum,  Neurilema — i.  Reti  compa- 
ratum.  Retina. 

INVOLVENTIA,  Demulcents. 

10DE,  Iodine. 

IODES,  ^Eruo-inous. 

IODIDE  OF  AMMONIUM,  see  Iodine— i. 
of  Arsenic,  see  Iodine — i.  of  Iron,  see  Iodine — i. 
of  Lead,  see  Iodine — i.  of  Potassium,  see  Iodine 
— i.  of  Quinine,  see  Iodine — i.  of  Starch,  see 
Iodine — i.  of  Sulphur,  see  Iodine — i.  of  Zinc, 
see  Iodine. 

IODIDUM  AMYLI,  see  Iodine— i.  Hydrar- 
gyricum,  see  Iodine — i.  Hydrargyrosum,  see 
Iodine — i.  Plumbi,  see  Iodine — i.  Sulphuris,  see 
Iodine. 

I'ODINE,  from  iwdeg,  viola'ceus,  'of  a  violet 
colour.'  lo'dina,  to'dinum,  Iodin'ium,  lo'dum, 
Iridium,  (F.)  lode-  So  called  from  the  violet 
flavour  it  exhales  when  volatilized.  It  is  con- 
tained in  the  mother  waters  of  certain  fuci,  and 
is  obtained  by  pouring  an  excess  of  concen- 
trated sulphuric  acid  on  the  water,  obtained  Ly 
burning  different  fuci,  lixiviating  the  ashes  and 
concentrating  the  liquor.  The  mixture  is  placed 
in  a  retort  to  which  a  receiver  is  attached,  and 
is  boiled.  The  iodine  pisses  over  and  is  con- 
densed. It  is  solid,  in*the  form  of  plates;  of  a 
bluish  gray  colour,  of  a  metallic  brightness, 
and  smell  similar  to  that  of  the  chloride  of  sul- 
phur. Its  sp.  gr.  is,  4.946.  When  heated,  it 
becomes  volatilized,  and  affords  the  vapour 
which  characterizes  it.  With  oxygen,  it  forms 
the  Iodic  acid,  and  with  hydrogen  the  Hydrio- 
dic.  The  tincture  of  iodine  and  the  iodides 
have  been  employed  with  great  success  in  the 
treatment  of  goitre  and  of  some  scrofulous  af- 
fections. It  must  be  administered  in  a  very 
small  dose  and  for  a  long  period.  It  is  said  to 
be  apt,  however,  to  induce  cholera  morbus, 
signs  of  great  nervous  irritability  and  emacia- 
tion of  the  mammae.  When  these  symptoms, 
collectively  termed  lodism,  lodusis,  and  lo- 
din'ia,  are  urgent,  the  dose  may  be  diminished, 
or  it  may  be  wholly  discontinued,  and  after- 
wards resumed. 

Various  preparations  of  Iodine  are  employed 
in  medicine:  as  !he  Iodide  of  Iron,  (Ferri  lo'- 
didum, F.  Iodure'tum,  (F)  Iodure  defer,  which 
is  sorbefacient  and  tonic,  in  the  dose  of  3  or  4 
grains:  the  Proto- Iodide  of  Mercury,  (Hydra/- 
gyri  Proto-Iodure'lum,  H.  Io' didum  (q.  v.)  Hy- 
arar'gyrum  loda'tum  flavum,  H.  lodula'tum. 
II.  loda'tum,  Io' didum  Hydrargyro1  sum,  Hydrar- 
gyri  Proto-laf  didum,)  sorbefacient  and  anlisy- 
philitic  in  the  dose  of  l-12tll  of  a  grain;  the 
Deuto- Iodide  of  Mercury,  ( Ilydrar'gyri  Deuto- 
hdureftum,  II.  To1  didum  rubrum,  Hydrargyrum 
loda'tum  rubrum,  II  Per ioda' turn,  la' didum  Hy- 
drargy'  ncam,  Biniodide  of  Mercury,)  with  simi- 
lar virtues,  in  the  dose  of  I- 1 6th  of  a  grain;  the 
Iodide  of  Starch,  (lo' didum  vel  Iodure'tum  Am' - 
yli,  Am'ijluin  loda'tum.)  a  weaker  preparation 


than  the  usual  forms  of  iodine;  the  Iodide  of 
Quinia,  (lodidum  Quiniz.)  used  in  scrofulous 
cases,  where  iodine  and  tonics  are  indicated; 
the  Iodide  of  Lead,  (Plumbi  lo'didum,  P.  Iodu- 
re'tum,) used  externally  in  strumous  swellings; 
the  Iodide  of  Potassium  (in  solution,  Hydriodate 
of  Potussa,)  see  Potassae  Hydriodas; — the  lodo- 
hydrargyrate  of  Potassium,  (Potas'sii  lodo-hy- 
drar'gyrus,  P.  Hydrargyro-iodidum.)  made  by 
adding  8  grains  of  iodide  of  potassium,  dissolved 
in  10  or  15  minims  of  water,  to  11  grains  of  the 
deuto-iodide  of  mercury, — the  properties  of 
which  are  like  those  of  the  iodides  of  mercury; 
the  Iodide  of  Sulphur,  (Iodure' turn  Sulph'uris, 
Sulph'uris  lo'didum,  Sulphur  loda'tum.)  used  ex- 
ternally in  cutaneous  diseases,  (gr.  x  to  cerate 
2J.J  and  the  Iodide  of  Zinc,  (Zinci  lo'didum,  Z. 
loda'tum,)  externally,  (gj  to  lard  ^j.) ;  the 
Iodide  of  Ammonium,  (lo'didum,  see  Iodure'tum 
Ammonix,  Hydriodate  of  ammonia,  used  in 
lepra,  psoriasis,  &c  ,  in  the  form  of  ointment, 
(£)  j — 3J  ad  adipis  §j ;)  and  the  Iodide  of  Arsenic, 
(Arsen'ici  lo'didum,)  given  internally  in  similar 
affections,  gr.  1-U)th  three  times  a  day;  or  used 
externally  (err.  iij  ad  adipis  3j.) 

IODINIA,  see  Iodine. 

IODIN I UM,  Iodine. 

IODINUM,  Iodine. 

IODISM,  see  Iodine. 

IODIUM.  Iodine. 

IODO-HYDRARGYRATE  OF  POTASSIUM, 
see  Iodine. 

IODOSIS,  see  Iodine. 

IODUM,  Iodine. 

IODURETUM  AMMONLE,  see  Iodine  — i. 
Amyli,  see  Iodine — i.  Sulphuris,  see  Iodine. 

IOD.YMUS,  Dicephalus. 

ION,  Viola. 

IONIA,  Teucrium  chamaepilys. 

IONIDIUM  MARCUCCI,  Cinchunchulli—a. 
South  American  plant.  Sex  Syst.  Pentandria 
Monogynia.  Xat.Ord.  Violariae:  said  to  be  ex- 
tremely efficacious  in  the  Mai  de  San  Lazaro  of 
Colombia. 

ION'THUS,  Varus,  Violet  Eruption,  from  tor, 
'  the  violet,'  and  arSoc: , '  a  flower,'  or  uvdoc, '  foul- 
ness.' An  unsuppurative,  tuberculnr  tumour; 
stationary;  chiefly  on  the  face.  A  genus  in  the 
class  Hsemutica,  order  Phlogotica  of  Good. 

Ionthus  Cokvmbifkr,  Gutta  rosea — i.  Varus, 
Acne. 

IOTA CIS'MUS,  from  the  Greek  letter  Iota. 
Defective  articulation, —  the  patient  not  being 
able  to  pronounce  the  palatals  j  and  g  soft. 

IPECAC,  Apocynum  androssemifolium,  Eu- 
phorbia corollata,  Gillenia  trifoliata,  Ipecacuan- 
ha, Triosteum. 

,  IPECAC  UAN'H  A.  In  common  parlance, 
often  abridged  to  Ipecac.  The  pharmacopoeia! 
name  of  the  Cephx'Us  ipecacuanha,  or  Callicoc'ca 
ipecaCUan' ha,  Cagosanga,  Jpecacuan' ka  root,  Ipe- 
cacuan'hae  radix,  Radix  Bruzilien' sis.  Mat.  Ord. 
Cinchonaceae.  It  is  also  obtained  from  the 
Psycho' tria  emct'ica  of  Peru.  The  odour  of  the 
root — Ipecacuanha,  (Ph.  U.  S.)  —  is  faint  and  pe- 
culiar; taste  bitter,  subacrid  and  mucilaginous: 
both  water  and  alcohol  extract  its  virtues,  which 
depend  on  a  peculiar  principle,  called  Ernctia. 
It  is  emetic  in  large  doses;  sudorific  in  smaller. 
Dose,  as  an  emetic,  gr.  xx  to  xxx,  alone;  or 
united  with  tartarized  antimony,  gr.  i  to  ij. 

Ipecacuanha,  Euphorbia  corollata — i.  Bas- 


IPECACUANHA,  WHITE 


418 


IRON 


tard,  Triosteum  perfoliatum— i.  Blanc  de  tile 
dc  France,  Asclepias  asthmatica — i.  Blanc  de 
St.  Domingue,  Asclepias  curassavica — i.  of  the 
Isle  of  France,  Oynanchum  vomitorium. 

Ipecacuan'ha,  White,  is  obtained  from  dif 
ferent  species  of  Richardsonia  and  lonidium. 
Vio'la  ipecacuan'ha  also  affords  it.  It  is  weaker 
than  the  oray. 

IPO,  Upas, 

IPOMCEA  JALAPA,  Convolvulus  jalapa. 

IRA,  Rage. 

IRACUNDUS,  Rectus  externus  oculi. 

IRALGIA;  from  iQig,  'the  iris,'  and  ctXyog, 
'  pain.'     Pain  in  the  iris. 

IRASCIBLE,  Rectus  externus  oculi. 

IRIANCIS'TRON,  Iridancist'ron,  from  igt?, 
and  ayy.iarqov,  'a  hook.'  A  hooked  instrument, 
used  by  Schlagintweit  in  the  formation  of  an 
artificial  pupil. 

JRID^E'A  EDU'LIS.  One  of  the  Algae,  eaten 
in  Scotland  and  the  south-west  of  England. 

1RIDANCISTRON,  Iriancistron. 

IRIDECTOMEDIALYSIS,  see  Coretomia. 

IRIDECTOMIA,  Coretomia. 

IRIDENCLEISIS,  see  Coretomia. 

IRIDERE'MIA,  from  igig,  and  *o»;,«o?,  'de- 
prived of.'  Absence  of  iris,  either  apparent  or 
real. 

IRIDODIALYS1S.  Coretomia. 

1RIDOPERIPHAKIT1S;  from  ,q,c,  'the 
iris,'  TitQi,  'around,'  and  phacitis,  inflammation 
of  the  lens.  Inflammation  of  the  anterior  hemi- 
sphere of  the  capsule  of  the  lens. 

IRIDOTOM1A,  Coretomia. 

IRIS,  iptg,  GrammS.  So  called  from  its  re- 
sembling the  rainbow  in  variety  of  colours.  A 
membrane,  stretched  vertically  at  the  anterior 
part  of  the  eye,  in  the  midst  of  the  aqueous 
humour,  in  which  it  forms  a  kind  of  circular, 
flat  partition,  separating  the  anterior  from  the 
posterior  chamber.  It  is  perforated  by  a  circu- 
lar opening,  called  the  pupil,  which  is  con- 
stantly varying  its  dimensions,  owing  to  the 
varying  contractions  of  the  fibres  of  the  iris. 
Its  posterior  surface  has  been  called  uvea,  from 
the  thick,  black  varnish  which  covers  it.  The 
greater  circumference  of  the  iris  is  adherent  to 
the  ciliary  processes  and  circle.  It  has  an  ex- 
ternal plane  of  radiated  fibres  and  an  internal 
one  of  circular  fibres,  which  serve — the  one  to 
dilate,  the  other  to  contract  the  aperture  of  the 
pupil.  The  iris  receives  the  irian  nerves.  Its 
arteries  are  furnished  by  the  long  ciliary  arte- 
ries, which  form  two  circles  by  their  anasto- 
moses; the  one  very  broad,  near  the  great  cir- 
cumference ;  the  other,  smaller,  and  seated 
around  the  circumference  of  the  pupil.  The 
veins  of  the  iris  empty  themselves  into  the 
Vasa  vorticosa,  and  into  the  long  ciliary  veins. 
The  use  of  the  iris  seems  to  be, — to  regulate, 
by  its  dilatation  or  contraction,  the  quantity  of 
luminous  rays  necessary  for  distinct  vision. 
The  different  colours  of  the  iris  occasion  the 
variety  in  the  colours  of  the  human  eye. 

Iris,  see  Herpes  Iris — i.  Common,  1.  Germa- 
nica — i.  Commun,  I.  Germanica— i.  de  Florence, 
I.  Florentina. 

Ikis  Florenti'na,  F/o'rent.ine  iris  or  orris, 
(F.)  Iris  de  Florence.  The  rhizoma  of  this  plant 
is  extremely  acrid  in  its  recent  state;  and,  when 
chewed,  excites  a  pungent  heat  in  the  mouth, 
that  continues  for  several  hours.  When  dried, 
the  acrimony  is  lost,  or  nearly  so,  and  the  smell 


is  very  agreeable.  It  is  indebted  to  its  agreea- 
ble flavour  for  its  retention  in  the  pharmaco- 
poeias, although  it  is  ranked  as  an  expectorant. 

Iris  Fobtidis'sima,  Spath'ula  faz'tida,  Xyris, 
Stinking  iris.  (F.)  Iris  puant,  Glayeul  puant. 
The  root  has  been  held  antispasmodic  and  nar- 
cotic. 

Iris  German'ica.  The  systematic  name  of 
the  Flower-de-Luce,  Iris  nostras,  Aier'sa,  Iris 
vulgaris,  Common  iris  or  orris,  Gladi'olus  cxru'- 
leus,  (F.)  Iris  commun,  Flambe.  The  fresh  roots 
have  a  disagreeable  smell  and  an  acrid,  nause- 
ous taste.  They  are  powerfully  cathartic,  and 
are  given  in  dropsies,  where  such  remedies  are 
indicated. 

IRIS  DES  MARAIS.  I.  pseudacorus— i.  Nos- 
tras, 1.  Germanica — i.  Palustris,  I.  pseudacorus. 

Iris  PsEunic'oRcs.  The  systematic  name  of 
the  Yellow  water-flag,  Iris  palus'tris,  Gladi'olus 
lu'teus,  Ac'orus  vulgafris,  Ac'orus  advlteri'nus, 
Pseudac'orus,  Bu'tomon,  Ac'orus  palus'tris,  (Y.) 
Iris  des  marais,  Faux  acore,  Flambe  bfilard,  Acore 
balard.  The  root  has  an  acrid,  sty  pic  taste. 
It  is  an  errhine,  sialogogue,  and  acrid  astrin- 
gent. The  expressed  juice  is  diuretic,  and  said 
to  be  a  useful  application  to  serpiginous  and 
other  cutaneous  affections.  Rubbed  on  the 
gums,  or  chewed,  it  is  said  to  cure  toothache. 

IRIS  PUANT,  I.  fcetidissima— i.  Stinking,  1. 
fcetidissima. 

Iris  Versic'olor,  Blue  flag.  The  rhizoma 
of  this  is  an  active  cathartic,  and  has  been  much 
used,  as  such,  by  the  American  Indians.  It  is 
reputed  to  be  diuretic. 

Iris  Vulgaris,  I.  Germanica. 

IRISITIS,  Iritis. 

IRI'TIS,  Inflammation  of  the  iris,  Inflamma'- 
tio  I'ridis,  lrisi'tis.  The  chief  symptoms  are; — 
change  in  the  colour  of  the  iris;  fibres  less 
movable;  tooth-like  processes  shooting  into  the 
pupil;  pupil  irregularly  contracted,  with  the 
ordinary  signs  of  inflammation  of  the  eye.  If 
the  inflammation  do  not  yield,  suppuration 
takes  place;  and,  although  the  matter  may  be 
absorbed,  the  iris  remains  immovable.  It  is 
often  caused  by  syphilis.  The  general  princi- 
ples of  treatment  are,  to  deplete  largely  and 
exhibit  mercury  freely;  along  with  attention  to 
other  means  advisable  in  ophthalmia.  The  free 
use  of  quinia  is  sometimes  serviceable.  When 
the  inflammation  is  seated  in  the  serous  cover- 
ing of  the  iris,  it  is  termed  Iritis  serosa. 

IRON,  Ferrum — i.  Ammoniated,Ferruni  am- 
moniatum — i.  Ammonio-tarlrate  of,  Ferri  am- 
monio-tartras — i.  Bromide  of,  see  Bromine— i. 
Carburet  of,  Graphites — i.  Black  oxide  of,  Oxy- 
dum  ferri  nigrum— i.  Citrate  of,  Ferri  citras— 
i.  Filings,  purified,  Ferri  limatura  pnrificata — 
i.  Hydrated  oxide  of,  Ferrum  oxydatum  hydra- 
turn — i.  Hydrated  peroxide  of,  Ferrum  oxyda- 
tum hydratum — i.  Hydrated  tritoxidc  of,  Fer- 
rum oxydatum  hydratum — i.  Hydro-oxide  of, 
Ferrum  oxydatum  hydratum — i.  Iodide  of,  see 
Iodine — i.  Iodide  of,  Ferri  Iodiduin — i.  Lactate 
of,  Ferri  Lactas — i.  Phosphate  of,  Ferri  phos- 
phas — i.  Pills  of,  compound,  Pilulas  ferri  com- 
posite— i.  Protoxide  of,  lactate  of,  Feni  lactas 
— i.  Protocarbonate  of,  Ferri  Protocarbouas — i. 
and  Quinia,  Citrate  of,  Ferri  et  Quinia  citras 
— i.  Sesquinitrate  of,  Solution  of,  see  Tmctura 
ferri  muriatis — i.  Sulphate  of,  Ferri  sulphas— 
i.  Tartarized,  Ferrum    tartarizatum — i.  Trito- 


IRREDUCIBLE 


419 


ISCHIO-CAVERNOSUS 


hvdro-ferrocyanate  of,  Prussian  blue — i.  and 
Potass,  tartrate  of,  Fenura  tartarizatum. 

IRREDU'CIBLE,(F.)/m^«c/Z//e.  An  epithet 
given  to  fractures,  luxations,  hernias,  &c.  when 
they  cannot  be  reduced. 

IRREDUCIBLE,  Irreducible. 

IRRE'GULAR,  Irregularis,  Anom'  alovs;  from 
im,  'privative,'  and  regula,  'a  rule.'  A  term 
chiefly  applied  to  the  types  of  a  disease;  and, 
also,  to  the  pulse,  when  its  beats  are  separated 
by  unequal  intervals. 

IRREPTIO,  Attack. 

IRRIGATION,  Irriga'tio:  'the  act  of  water- 
ing or  moistening.'  The  methodical  application 
of  water  to  an  affected  part,  to  keep  it  constant- 
ly wet. 

IRRITABILITAS  MORBOSA,  see  Subsql- 
tus  tendinum — i.  Vesicae,  Cysterethismus. 

IRRITABILITY,  lnitabil'itas,  from  irrito, 
(in,  'privative,'  and  ritus,  'the  usual  manner,') 
(?)  '  1  provoke.'  Vis  imtahilita'tis,  Vis  Vitse,  Vis 
in'sita  of  Haller,  Vis  vita! Us,  of  Gorter,  Oscil/u'- 
tio  of  Boerhaave,  Tonic  power  of  Stahl,  Vita 
pro'pria,  Inherent  power,  Contractu' ity,  Excita- 
bil'ity,  Incitability,  &.c.  A  power,  possessed  by 
all  living,  organized  bodies,  of  being  acted 
upon  by  certain  stimuli,  and  of  moving  respon- 
sive to  such  stimulation.  It  is  the  ultimate  vital 
property. 

IR'RlTABLE,  TrritaU  ills.  That  which  is 
endowed  with  irritability.  Every  living  orga- 
nized tissue  is  irritable;  that  is,  capable  of  feel- 
ing an  appropriate  stimulus,  and  of  moving  re- 
sponsive to  such  stimulus.  Irritable  is  often 
used  in  the  same  sense  as  impressible,  as  when 
we  speak  of  an  irritable  person,  or  habit,  or 
temper.  This  last  condition  has  been  variously 
termed — Debilitas  nervo'sa,  D.  Erethis'ica,  Hy- 
percine'sia  nervo'sa,  JVcurasthcni'a,  JVevrusiheni'a, 
Sen&ibilitas  anom'ala,  S.  morbo'sa,  S.  aucta. 

IRRITAMENTUM  METALLICUM,  Galva- 
nism. 

IRRITANT,  Jrri'tans.  That  which  causes 
irritation  or  pain,  heat  and  tension;  either  me- 
chanically, as  punctures,  acupuncture,  or  scari- 
fication; chemically,  as  the  alkalies,  acids,  &c; 
or  in  a  specific  manner,  as  cantharides,  &c. 

Irritants  are  of  great  use  in  the  treatment  of 
disease. 

IRRITATIO.  Garo-ale. 

IRRITATION,  Irriia'tio,  Erethis'mus.  The 
state  of  a  tissue  or  organ,  in  which  there  is  ex- 
cess of  vital  movement;  commonly  manifested 
by  increase  of  the  circulation  and  sensibility. 
Broussais  defines  irritation  to  be; — the  condi- 
tion of  an  organ,  the  excitation  of  which  is 
carried  to  so  high  a  degree,  that  the  equilibrium 
resulting  from  the  balance  of  all  the  functions 
is  broken.  In  this  signification,  he  also  uses 
the  word  sur-irritation,  which  he  considered  as 
a  higher  degree,  and  as  the  essential  cause  of 
fever.  Irritation  is  the  precursorof  inflammation. 

Irrita'tion,  Morbid,  or  const itu'tional  irrita- 
tion, is  that  excitement  which  occurs  after  inju- 
ries done  to  the  body,  or  to  any  part  thereof: — 
constituting  cases  o(  diseased  sympathy. 

IS,  Fibre. 

ISATIS  TINCTO'RIA,  Wood,  Pastel.  A 
European  plant,  whose  leaves  have  a  fugitive 
punoent  smell,  and  an  acrid  durable  taste. 
They  are  not  used,  however, in  medicine  at  the 
present  day ;  but  are  the  source  of  the  dye-stuff, 
woad. 


ISCA,  Boletus  igniarius, 

ISC  H^E'M  I A ,  from  isym, '  I  retain,'  and  'atua, 
'blood.'  Morbid  retention  or  suppression  of  an 
habitual  flux  of  blood,  as  of  the  hemorrhoidal  01 
menstrual  flux  or  of  epistaxis.  (q.  v.)  See 
Haematostatica. 

ISCHjE'MON.  Same  etymon.  A  medicine 
which  restrains  or  stops  bleeding'. 

ISCHIA,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  In  this 
volcanic  isle,  five  miles  from  Naples,  there  are 
several  thermal  waters:  one  of  which — that  of 
Guro-itello — raises  the  thermometer  of  Fahr.  to 
167°. 

ISCHIAGRA,from  la/'or,  'the  haunch,' and 
ayou,  'a  seizure.'  A  name  given  to  ischiatic 
gout.  Femoro-popliteul  neuralgia  (q.  v.)  has, 
also,  been  so  called. 

ISCHIALGIA,  Neuralgia  femoro-poplitsea. 

ISCHIAS  NERVOSA  ANTICA,  Neuralgia 
femoro-pretibialis — i.  Nervosa  Cotunnii,  Neu- 
ralgia femoro-poplitaea — i.  Nervosa  digitalis, 
Neuralgia  cubito-digitalis — i.  Nervosa  postica, 
Neuralgia  femoro-poplit£ea — i.  a.  Sparganosi, 
Phlegmatia  dolens. 

ISCHIATIC  or  ISCHrAD'lC,  Ischiut'icvs,  or 
Ischiad'icus,  from  ioyjor,  'the  haunch;'  whence 
the  word  Scintic.  An  epithet  given  to  parts 
connected  with  the  ischium.  The  Sciatic 
Notches,  (F.)  Echancrures  Iscldatiqv.es,  are 
formed  by  this  bone;  the  Ischiatic  Spine  be- 
longs to  it,  and  gives  attachment  to  the  small 
sacrosciatic  ligament.  The  Tcberos'itv  of  the 
Ischium,  Os  sedenta'rium,  Tuber  Ischii,  (F.) 
Tubcrosite  sciatique,  is  formed  by  it.  It  receives 
the  insertions  of  different  muscles  of  the  thigh, 
and  forms  the  projection  on  which  the  body 
rests  when  seated. 

Ischiatic  or  Sciatic  Artery,  A.  F'emoro- 
Poplitee  (Ch.)  arises  singly  from  the  hypogas- 
tric, or  with  the  gluteal;  and  seems  to  be  really 
a  continuation  of  the  trunk  of  the  hypogastric. 
It  issues  from  the  pelvis,  at  the  lower  part  of 
the  great  sciatic  notch;  and,  afterwards,  divides 
into  a  considerable  number  of  branches,  which 
are  distributed  particularly  to  the  posterior  and 
superior  region  of  the  thigh. 

Ischiatic  Vein  presents  the  same  arrange- 
ment. 

ISC HIATICUS,  Sciatic. 

I^CHIATOCKLE.  Ischiocele. 

ISCHIDRO'SIS,  from  k,xio,  'I  restrain,'  and 
'tdowc,  'sweat.'     Suppression  of  perspiration. 

isCH10BLEN'NIA,/6e/to6/e/t'7«'a,  from  it Xw, 
'I  restrain,'  and  jJXtvra,  '  mucus.'  The  sup- 
pression of  a  morbid  but  habitual  discharge  of 
mucus. 

ISCHIO-CAVERNO'SUS.  Belonging  to  the 
ischium  and  corpus  cavernosum. 

Ischio-Cavernosus  muscle,  Collateral  lis,  Di- 
redtor  penis,  Erector  penis,  Sustenta'tor  Penis,  fs- 
chio-ure  thral  (Ch.)  is  a  small,  long,  flat  muscle, 
which  surrounds  the  origin  of  the  corpus  caver- 
nosum. It  is  fixed  below  to  the  inner  side  of 
the  tuberosity  of  the  ischium,  and  above  to  the 
root  of  the  penis,  where  it  is  confounded  with 
the  fibrous  membrane  of  the  corpus  cavernosum. 
It  draws  the  root  of  the  penis  downwards  and 
backwards. 

Ischio-Cavernosus  of  the  female,  Erector- 
clitor'idis,  Sustenta'tor  clitor'idis,  hchio-c/iloriilien, 
Superior  rotun'dus  clitor'idis,  Ischio  sous-clitorien, 
(Ch.),  is  arranged  nearly  as  in  the  male,  but  is 


ISCHIOCELE  or  ISCHIATOCELE        420 


ISOLUSINE 


Jess  bulky.  It  arises,  by  aponeurosis,  from  the 
tuberosity  of  the  ischium,  and  terminates  by 
embracing  the  corpus  cavernosum  of  the  clito- 
ris, to  the  erection  of  which  it  appears  to  con- 
tribute. 

ISCHIOCE'LE  or  ISCHIATOCE'LE,  Her- 
nia ischia'tica,-  from  ir-/i^t,  '  the  ischium,'  and 
x\li\,  '  tumour.'  Ischiatic  hernia.  One  in  which 
the  viscera  issue  by  the  great  sciatic  notch.  It 
is  a  rare  disease.  The  protruded  parts  must  be 
reduced — the  patient  being  placed  in  a  favour- 
able position,  and  they  must  be  retained  by  a 
bandnrre. 

ISCHIO  OLITORIA'NUS.  That. which  is 
connected  with  the  ischium  and  clitoris. 

Ischio-Clito'rian  Arterv  of  Chaussier  is  a 
division  of  the  internal  pudic,  which  furnishes 
the  two  arteries  of  the  clitoris — the  superficial 
and  deep-seated. 

Ischio-Clitorian  Nerve,  of  the  same  pro- 
fessor, is  the  superior  branch  of  the  pudic 
nerve,  which  is  distributed  to  the  clitoris. 

ISCHfO-CLITORIDtEX,  Ischiocavernous 
— i.  Coccygeus,  Coccygeus— i.  Crcii-tibial,  Semi- 
tendinosus— i.  Femoralis,  Adductor  magnus — j'. 
Femoro  peronier,  Biceps  flexor  cruris— i.  Peri- 
neal, Tiansversus  perinsei— i.  Popl Hi- femoral, 
Semi-membranosus— i.  Popliti-libial,  Semi- 
membranosus— i.  Pritibial,  Semi-tendinosus— i. 
Sous-clitoricn,  Ischio  cavernosus — i.  Soustro- 
chnnterien,  Quadratus  femoris— i.  Spini-trochan- 
terien,  Ischio-trochanterianus— i.  Urethral,  Is- 
chio-cavernosus. 

IS'CHION,  Ischium,  Os  ischii,  Os  coxen'dicis, 
Hip  bone,  Seat  bone,  (F.)  Os  de  Vassiette.  The 
lowermost  of  the  three  portions  which  com- 
pose the  os  innominatum  in  the  foetus  and 
young  individual.  The  inferior  region  of  the 
same  bone  has,  also,  been  called  ischium,  in  the 
adult.  According  to  Hesychius,  the  ancients 
designated  by  the  word  ischion,  the  capsular 
ligament  of  the  coxo-femoral  articulation,  as 
well  as  the  articulation  itself.  Some  derive  the 
word  from  toyig,  the  lumbar  region;  others 
from  the  verb  ioyw,  'I  arrest,'  'I  retain;' — be- 
cause that  bone  serves  as  a  base  or  support  for 
the  trunk,  when  we  are  seated. 

Ischion,  Haunch. 

ISCHIOP'AGES,  from  Ischion,  and  nayw,  '  1 
fasten.'  A  monstrous  union  of  two  foetuses,  in 
which  they  are  attached  to  each  other  by  the 
ischia.— GeofTioy  St.  Hilaire.  See  Hypogas- 
trodidymus. 

ISCHIO-PROSTAT'ICUS.  Winslow,  Sanc- 
tonni,  Albinus,  and  Sommering,  have  given 
this  name  to  the  fibres  of  the  transversus  peri- 
nsei muscle,  which  go  towards  the  prostate. 

ISCHIOSIS,  Neuralgia  ferhoro-poplitaea. 

ISCHIO-TROCHANTERIA'NUS,  Gem'ini, 
Gemel'li.  Part  of  the  Marsupia'lis  of  Cowper, 
Car'ncum  Mtirsu'pium,  Ischio- spini  trochante- 
rien,  Secun'dus  et  ter'tius  quadrigeminus,  (F.) 
Muscle  canneli,  Accessoire  cl  I'obtvrateur  in- 
terne. Two  small,  fleshy  bundles,  long  and 
flat,  which  arise, — the  superior  on  the  outside 
of  the  sciatic  spine;  the  inferior  behind  the 
tuberosity  of  the  ischium.  Both  pass  horizon- 
tally outwards,  and  are  attached  to  the  tendon 
of  the  obturator  internus,  which  they  accom- 
pany into  the  fossa  of  the  trochanter.  These 
muscles  are  rotators  of  the  lower  limb  out- 
wards. They  can,  also,  turn  the  pelvis  on  the 
femur,  in  standing  on  one  foot. 


1SCHL,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  These 
springs,  which  are  in  Upper  Austria,  contain 
iodine  and  bromine. 

ISCHNOPHO'NIA,  from  iff^voc,  « slender,' 
and  (puivrj,  '  voice.'  Slenderness  of  voice. — 
Hippocrates,  Galen. 

1SCHNOTES,  Emaciation. 

ISCHO,  io/cu,  'I  keep  back,'  'I  restrain,'  'I 
hold  firm.'     Hence : 

ISCHOBLENNIA,  Ischioblennia. 

ISOHOCOILTA,  Constipation. 

ISCHOGALAC'TIA,  from  ipyw,  and  yala, 
'milk.'      Want  of  milk  in  the  mamrnce. 

ISCHOLO'CHIA  or  ISCHOLOCHI'A,  from 
loyw,  'I  restrain,'  and  lo/eta,  'the  lochial  dis- 
charge.'    Suppression  of  the  lochial  discharge. 

ISCHOMENIA,  Amenorrhcea. 

ISCHOPHON1A,  Balbuties. 

ISCHURET'lC,  Ischurel'icum.  Same  ety- 
mon as  the  next.  A  medicine  for  relieving 
suppression  of  urine. 

ISCHU'RIA,  Uri'nce  suppres'sio,  Stoppage  of 
urine,  Suppres'sio  lo'tii,  Paru'ria  retentiu'nis; 
from  ta/w,  '1  arrest,'  'I  retain,'  and  ovqov, 
'urine.'  Impossibility  of  discharging  the  urine. 
Generally  restricted  to  suppression  of  the  se- 
cretion, or  to  renal  Ischuria  or  Anu'ria. 

Ischuria  Vera  is  that  in  which  the  urine 
having  accumulated  in  the  bladder,  the  patient 
is  unable  to  pass  it,  notwithstanding  the  incli- 
nation which  constantly  distresses  him.  In 
False  ischuria,  Paru'ria  inops,  Paru'ria  re- 
tentio'nis  rcna'lis,  Ischuria  notha  seu  spu'ria, 
(of  some,)  (F.)  Suppression  d' Urine,  owing  to 
some  disease  of  the  kidney  or  uterus,  the  urine 
cannot  reach  the  bladder. 

Ischuria  has  likewise  received  various  other 
names,  according  to  the  seat  and  character  of 
the  obstacle  which  opposes  the  exit  of  the  urine: 
hence  the  expressions — Renal,  Ureteric,  Vesical, 
Urethral,  and  Calculous  Ischuria.  Vesical  Ischu- 
ria is  synonymous  with  Retention  of  Urine, 
which  see. 

Ischuria  Phimosica,  see  Phimosicus—  i. 
Spasmodica,  Cystospasmus— i.  Spuria,  see  Is- 
churia— i.  Urethralis  a  phimosi,  see  Phimosica.-; 
— i.  Vera,  see  Ischuria— i.  Vesicalis,  Retention 
of  urine. 

ISINGLASS,  Ichthyocolla. 

ISIR,  Elixir. 

ISIS  NOBILIS,  see  Coral. 

ISLE  OF  WIGHT,  CLIMATE  OF.  This 
beautiful  island  is  a  favourable  summer  retreat 
for  invalids.  Undercliff,  (q.  v.)  is  the  situation 
chosen  as  a  winter  residence  for  phthisical  va- 
letudinarians. Cowes,  Niton,  Sandown,  Shank- 
1  in.  a n d  Ryde,are  deliirhtful  summer  residences. 

ISOCH'RONOUS,  Isod'romos,  from  wof, 
'equal,' and  yooro;,  ' time.'  That  which  takes 
place  in  the  same  time,  or  in  equal  times.  The 
pulsations  of  the  arteries,  in  various  parts  of 
the  body,  are  nearly  isochronous. 

ISOCH'RYSON,  Auro  compar;  from  le-oc, 
'equal,'  and  ynvoug,  '  uold.'  A  collyrium,  de- 
scribed by  Galen  as  worth  its  weight  in  gold. 
Libavius  has  also  given  this  name  to  an  amal- 
gam, made  with  equal  parts  of  antimony  and 
mercury. 

ISOC'RATES;  from  taoc,  'equal;'  and  xtQav 
win,  'I  mix.'  A  mixture  of  equal  parts  of  wine 
and  water. — Hippocrates. 

ISODROMOS,  Isochronous. 

ISOLUSINE,  see  Polygala  senega. 


ISOMERIC 


421 


JANAMUNDA 


ISOM'ERIC,  Isomer' kits,  from  iaog,  'equal,' 
and  inoog,  '  part.'  An  epithet  applied  to  differ- 
ent bodies  which  agree  in  composition,  but 
differ  in  properties.  The  condition  is  termed 
hom'erism. 

ISOMERISM,  see  Isomeric. 

ISOMORPHISM,  see  Isomorphous. 

ISOMORTHOUS,  from  too?,  <  equal,'  and 
fioQtpr],  'form.'  An  epithet  applied  to  different 
bodies  which  have  the  same  crystalline  form. 
The  condition  is  called  Isomorphism. 

ISSUE  PEAS,  Aurantia  curassaventia,  see 
Fonticulus. 

ISTHME  DU  GOSIER,  Isthmus  of  the 
fauces. 

ISTHMION,  Isthmus,  Pharynx. 

ISTHMI'TIS,  Inflamma'tio  Fau'cium,  Pala- 
ti'tis.  Inflammation  of  the  fauces.  See  Cy- 
nanche  pharyngea,  and  Angina. 

1STHMOS,  Pharynx. 

ISTHMUS,  hth'mion.  A  tongue  of  land 
joining  a  peninsula  to  a  continent,  or  which 
separates  two  seas.  Anatomists  have  given  the 
name  Isthmus  of  llie  Fauces,  Isthmus  Fau'cium, 
Ctaustrum  Gul'luris,  (F.)  Istfime  du  gosier,  to 
the  strait  which  separates  the  mouth  from  the 
pharynx.  It  is  formed  above  by  the  velum  pa- 
lati  and  uvula;  at  the  sides,  by  the  pillars  of 
the  fauces  and  the  tonsils;  and  below,  by  the 
base  of  the  tongue. 

Isthmus  ok  the  Fossa  Ova'lis;  Isthmus 
Vieusse'nii,  is  the  prominent  arch  formed  above 
the  fossa  ovalis  by  the  union  of  the  two  pillars 
which  bound  the  cavity. 

Isthmus  of  the  Thyroid  Gland  is  a  narrow 
band  that  unites  the  two  chief  lobes  composing 
the  thyroid  gland. 

Isthmus  Hepatis,  see  Lobulus  anonymus — 
i.  Vieussenii,  Isthmus  of  the  fossa  ovalis — i. 
Vieussenii,  see  Ovalis  fossa. 

ITCH,  Psora— i.  Bakers',  see  Psoriasis — i. 
Barbers',  Sycosis — i.  Grocers',  see  Psoriasis — i. 
Weed,  Veratrum  viride. 

ITCHING,  Parap'sis  pruri'tvs,  Au'talgia 
prurigino'sa,  Pruri'lus,  Pruri'go,  Cnesmos,  (F.) 
Prurit,  Demangeaison.  A  sensation,  more  in- 
convenient than  painful;  seated  especially  at 


the  surface  of  the  body,  and  which  provokes 
the  patient  to  scratch  the  part.  It  may  be  either 
an  external  or  an  internal  sensation;  that  is 
produced  by  an  external  body,  or  by  some  mo- 
dification in  the  organic  actions  of  the  part  to 
which  it  is  referred. 

ITEA.Salix. 

ITER  AD  INFUNDIBULUM,  Vulva— i.  a 
Palato  ad  aurem,  Eustachian  tube — i.  ad  Quar- 
tum  ventriculum,  Aquaeductus  Sylvii — i.  ad 
Tertium  ventriculum,  Vulva  —  i.  Urinarium, 
Urethra. 

ITHYPHAL'LUS,  from  idvg,  'straight,'  and 
<palXog,  'penis.'  An  amulet,  in  the  form  of  a 
penis,  anciently  worn  round  the  neck,  to  which 
were  attributed  alexiterial  properties. 

IT1NERARIUM,  Conductor,  Director. 

ITIS;  from  nt;g,  'bold,'  'rash.'  A  suffix,  de- 
noting inflammation — as  encephalitis.  Inflam- 
mation of  the  Encephalon.  Pleurm's;  inflam- 
mation of  the  pleura. 

IVA,  Teucrium  iva— i.  Arthritica,  Teucrium 
chamjEpitys— i.  Moschata  Monspeliensium,  Teu- 
crium iva — i    Pecanga,  Smilax  sarsaparilla. 

IVETTE  MUSQUJlE,  Teucrium  iva-z.  Pe- 
tite, Teucrium  chamspitys. 

I  VOIRE,  Ivory. 

PVORY;  Ebur,  El'ephas,  (F  )  Ivoirc.  The 
tusk  of  the  elephant.  It  is  chiefly  composed  of 
phosphate  of  lime,  and  is  used  for  the  fabrica- 
tion of  pessaries,  artificial  teeth,  handles  of  in- 
struments,^. Formerly,  it  entered  into  some 
pharmaceutical  preparations,  when  calcined  to 
whiteness.  It  was  regarded  as  astringent  and 
anthelmintic,  and  was  called  Spodium. 

1VRESSE,  Temulentia. 

IVY,  Hedera  helix,  Kalmia  angustifolia— i. 
Big,  Kalmia  latifolia — i.  Ground,  Glecoma  he- 
deracea. 

IXIA,  Varix,  Viscum  album. 

IXINE,  Atractylus  gummifera. 

IXIR,  Elixir. 

IXOS,  Viscum  album. 

IXUS,  Galium  aparine. 

IXYS,  Ix'yS.  Used  by  different  authors  for 
the  ilia,  flanks,  and  loins;  most  frequently  for 
the  last. — Hippocrates. 


JABOT,  Ingluvies. 

JACA  INDICA,  Thymus  mastichina. 

JACEA,  Viola  tricolor — j.Ramosissima,  Cen- 
taurea  calcitrapa. 

JACK  IN  THE  HEDGE,  Alliaria. 

JACOB^EA,  Senecio  Jacobsea. 

JACOB&E,  Senecio  Jacobaea. 

JACOBSON'S  ANASTOMOSIS,  see  Pe- 
trosal ganglion. 

JACTA'TION  or  JACTITATION,  Jacta'tio, 
Rhiptas'mos,  Jactita'tio,  from  jactare,  '  to  toss 
about.'  Extreme  anxiety;  excessive  restless- 
ness;— a  symptom  observed  in  serious  diseases. 

JACT1TATIO,  Inquietude. 

JADE  MPHRITE  ou  ORIEJSTALE,  Ne- 
phreticus  lapis. 

JAGRE,  see  Tari. 

JALAP,  Convolvulus  jalapa,  Phytolacca  de- 
candra — j.  Cancer  root,  Phytolacca  decandra — 
j.  Wild,  Convolvulus  panduratus. 


JALAPINE,  see  Convolvulus  jalapa, 

JALAPIUM,  Convolvulus  jalapa. 

JALAPPA,  Convolvulus  jalapa— j.  Alba. 
Convolvulus  mechoacan. 

JALEYRAC,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
These  waters  are  situate  two  leagues  from 
Mauriac  in  France,  on  the  road  from  Clermont 
in  Auvergne.  The  waters  contain  lime  and 
carbonate  of  soda,  and  are  esteemed  to  be  tonic, 
aperient,  &c. 

JAMAICA,  see  West  Indies— j.  Bark  tree, 
Bursera  gummifera. 

JAMAICINE,  see  Geoffraea  inermis. 

JAMBES  DE  BARBADE,  see  Elephantiasis 
—j.  du  Cervelet,  Corpora  restiformia. 

JAMBIER,  Tibial— j.  Anterieur,  Tibialis  an- 
ticus— j.  Grtl.e,  Plantar  muscle— j.  Posterieur, 
Tibialis  posticus. 

JAMESTOWN  WEED,  Datura  stramonium. 

JANAMUNDA,  Geum  urbanum. 


JANIPHA  MANIHOT 


422 


JOURS  CANICULAIRES 


JANIPHA  MANIHOT,  Jatropha  manihol. 

JANITOR,  Pylorus. 

JANTTR1X,  Porta  vena. 

J  ANON TARENT1SME,  Tarantismus. 

JAQUIER,  Artocarpus. 

J  ARRET,  Poples. 

JARRET1ER,  Poplitaeus,  muscle. 

JARRETlkRE,  (F.)  Peris'celis,  a  garter,  i'rom 
garelum  or  garrelum,  in  low  Latin,  the  ham. 
A  kind  of  furfuraceous  herpes,  which  occupies 
the  part  of  the  leg  where  the  garter  is  worn. 

JASMIN,  Jasminum  officinale. 

JASMINUM  ARABICUM,  Coffea  Arabum. 

Jasmi'num  Officina'le.  Jasminum,  Je.semi'- 
num;  the  Jes'samine,  (F.)  Jasmin.  The  flowers 
of  this  beautiful  plant  have  a  very  fragrant 
smell,  and  a  bitter  taste.  They  afford,  by  dis- 
tillation, an  essential  oil;  which  is  much  es- 
teemed in  Italy,  for  rubbing  paralytic  limbs,  and 
in  the  cure  of  rheumatic  pains. 

JAT'ROPHA  CURCAS,  Ric"inus  major, 
Ricinol'des,  Pifneus  purgans,  Pinho'nes  In' did, 
Faba  calhar'tica,  Acella'na  cathar'tica,  Nux  ca- 
thar'tica  America' na,  Nux  Barbaden'sis ;  Physic 
Nut.  (F.)  Pignon  d'Indc,  Medicinier  cathar- 
tirjue,  Grand  haricot  de  Pcrou,  Pignon  de  Bar- 
baric, Noix  cathartique,  N.  Amcricainc  ou  des 
Barbades.  Nat.  Order,  Euphorbiaceae.  The 
seeds  of  this  plant  afford  a  quantity  of  oil,  given, 
in  many  places,  like  the  castor  oil;  to  which, 
indeed,  it  is  nearly  allied.  They  contain  a  pe- 
culiar acid,  the  Jatrophic  or  lgasuric. 

The  seeds  of  Jatropha  Mui.Tif'iDA  are 
called  Purging  Nuts,  and  give  out  a  similar  oil. 

Jatropha  Elastica,  see  Caoutchouc. 

Jatropha  MAN'iHor,Jan'iphaMa'nihot.  The 
plant  affording  the  Cassa'da  or  Cassalva  Root, 
Caca'vi,  Cassa'vS,  Caza'bi,  Pain  de  Madagascar, 
Rid'inus  minor,  Manioc,  Magnoc,  Man'iot,  Yucca, 
Maniibur,  Aipi,  Aipima  coxera,  Aipipoca,  Jani- 
pka.  The  juice  of  the  root  is  extremely  acrid 
and  poisonous.  What  remains,  after  expressing 
it,  is  made  into  cakes  or  meal;  of  which  the 
cassada  or  cassava  bread  is  formed.  This 
bread  constitutes  a  principal  food  of  the  inha- 
bitants of  those  parts  where  it  grows. 

The  fecula  of  the  root  forms  Tapioca,  Cipipa, 
Fec'ula  Tapio'ka,  which  is  very  nutritious. 

A  factitious  Tapioca  is  met  with  in  the  shops, 
which  is  in  very  small,  smooth,  spherical  grains, 
and  is  supposed  to  be  prepared  from  potato 
starch.     It  is  sold  under  the  name  pearl  tapioca. 

JAUNDICE,  Icterus— j.  Black,  Melcena—  j. 
Red,  Phenigmus. 

JAUNE.  YeWow—j.d'OZuf,  see  Ovum. 

JAUNESSE,  Icterus. 

JAW  BONE,  Maxillary  Bone. 
JEAN-DE-GLAINES,    ST.,    MINERAL 
WATERS  OF.     These  waters  are  situate  two 
leagues  from  Billom  in  Auvergne.     They  con- 
tain chloride  of  calcium,  and  carbonate  of  mag- 
nesia; dissolved  in  an  excess  of  carbonic  acid. 
JECORARIA,  Marchantia  polymorphia. 
JECORARIUS,  Hepateros,  Hepatic. 
JECTIGA'TIO.    A  word,  used  by  Van  Hel- 
mont  for  a  species  of  epilepsy  or  convulsion. 
JECUR,  Liver — j.  Uterinum,  Placenta. 
JEFFERSO'NIA  BARTONI,  Common  Twin- 
leaf,  Yellow  root,  Helmet  pod,  Ground  Squirrel 
Pea.    An  indigenous  plant,  belonging  to  Nat. 
Ord.  Berberideas.     Sex.  Syst.  Octandria  Mono- 


gynia;  which  possesses  medical  properties  ana- 
logous to  those  of  Hydrastis. 
JEJUNITAS,  Hunger. 

JEJUNI'TIS;  a  term  of  hybrid  formation,— 
from  Jejunum,  'the  intestine  jejunum,'  and 
itis,<i  suffix  denoting  inflammation.  Inflamma- 
tion of  the  jejunum. 

JEJUNIUM,  Hunger,  Fasting. 
JEJU'NUM,  from  jejunus,  'empty;'  Nestis, 
vrfiTii;.  The  part  of  the  small  intestine  com- 
prised between  the  duodenum  and  ileum.  It 
has  been  so  called,  because  it  is  almost  always 
found  empty  in  the  dead  body. 

JELLY,  Gelly— j  of  the  Cord,  Gelatin  of 
Wharton — j.  Water,  Brasenia  hydropeltis. 

JERKING  RESPIRATION,  Respiration, 
jerking. 

JERSEY,  CLIMATE  OF.  Jersey  is  the 
largest  of  the  islands  of  the  British  Channel, 
and  is  most  frequented  by  invalids.  Its  climate 
closely  resembles  that  of  the  south-west  coast 
of  England,  and  especially  of  Penzance,  (q.  v.) 
and  it  is  adapted  to  the  same  class  of  invalids. 
JERUSALEM  OAK  OF  AMERICA,  Che- 
nopodiurn  anthelminticum. 

JESEMINUM,  Jasminum  officinale. 
JESSAMINE,   Jasminum  officinale— j.  Yel- 
low, Gelseminum  nitidum. 
JEUNESSE,  Adolescence. 
JEWEL  WEED,  Impatiens  balsamina. 
JEW'S  EAR,  Peziza  auricula— j.  Harp, Tril- 
lium latifolium. 
JIMSTON  WEED,  Datura  stramonium. 
JOANNESIA  PRINOEPS,  Anda. 
JOANNETTE,  MIiNERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Several  springs  are  found  at  Joannette,  about 
five  leagues  from  Angers,  in  France.    The  wa- 
ters are  both  cold   and  warm,  and  contain  sul- 
phate of  lime;  subcarbonate  of  soda;  chloride 
of  sodium;  some  iron;  chloride  of  calcium,  and, 
sometimes,    a    kind    of    saponaceous    matter. 
They  are  chiefly  used  as  a  tonic  in  chlorosis, 
leucorrhcea,  &c. 

JOE  PYE,  Eupatorium  perforatum. 
JOHNE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Johne 
is  a  village  near  Dol  in  Franche-Comlc,  France, 
where  is  a  mineral  spring,  which  contains  sub- 
carbonate  of  soda,  and  subcarbonates  of  magne- 
sia and  iron.  It  is  used  chiefly  as  a  bath  in 
certain  diseases  of  the  skin,  and  other  atonic 
affections. 

JOINT,  Articulation— j.  Ball  and  socket, 
Enarthrosis — j.  Dove-tail,  Suture — j.  Stiff,  An- 
kylosis. 

JONAS,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  This 
spring  is  situate  to  the  south-west  of  Bourbon- 
l'Archambault,  in  France.  The  waters  contain 
chloride  of  calcium  and  sulphate  of  lime;  chlo- 
ride of  sodium,  and  sulphate  of  soda;  carbonate 
of  iron  arid  carbonic  acid  gas.  They  are  tonic 
and  aperient. 

JOUAN,  ST.,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
St.  Jouan  is  a  village,  near  Saint-Malo,  in 
France.     The  water  is  a  cold  chalybeate. 

JOUBARBE  ACRE,   Sedum— j.  des    Toils, 
Sempervivum  tectorum— j.  des  Vignes,  Sedura 
telephium. 
JO UE,  Genu. 
JOULOS,  Julus. 
JOUR,  Dies. 

JOURS  CANICULAIRES,  Dog  days-j. 
Critiques,  Critical  days— j.  Indicateurs,  Indi- 
cating days. 


JUCATO  CALLELOE 


423 


JUNIPERUS  SABINA 


JUCATO  CALLELOE,  Phytolacca  de- 
candra. 

JUD.E'US,  JUDA'ICUS,  (Lapis,)  Pltanici'- 
tes  Lapis,  Tecol'itlws,"(F.)  Pierre  Judaique.  A 
stone,  found  in  Judaea,  Palestine,  &c.  Called, 
also,  Lapis  Sijriacus.  It  was  formerly  esteemed 
to  be  diuretic  and  lithontriptic. 

JUDGMENT,  Judicium,  (F.)  Jugement. 
The  faculty  of  the  intellect,  by  which  ideas  are 
compared  with  each  other,  and  their  relative 
worth  appreciated. 

JUDICIUM,  Judgment. 

JUGAL  PROCESS,  Zygomatic  process. 

JUGA'LIS  SUTU'RA,  from  %vyov,  'a  yoke.' 
The  suture  which  unites  the  Os  Malx  or  Os 
Juga'lS  with  the  superior  maxillary  bone.  Also, 
the  sagittal  suture. 

JUGEMENT,  Judgment. 

JU GL  ANS  C I N  E  R E  A ,  Baiter  Nut,  Oil  nut, 
U'liiie  Walnut.  The  inner  bark  of  the  root  of 
this  tree,  Juglans  (Ph.  U.  S.),  which  is  abun- 
dant in  the  United  Slates,  is  used  in  medicine, 
in  the  form  of  extract,  as  an  efficacious  and 
mild  laxative,  in  doses  of  from  10  to  20  grains. 
It  is  in  the  secondary  list  of  the  Pharmacopoeia 
of  the  United  States. 

Juglans  Regia,  Juglans. Kux  Juglans,  Carya 
basilica,  xanva,  Carya.  The  Walnut,  (F.)  Koyer 
(the  tree;)  jYoix  (the  nut.)  The  unripe  fruit, 
in  the  state  in  which  it  is  pickled,  was  formerly 
esteemed  to  be  anthelmintic.  The  putamen  or 
green  rind  of  the  walnut  has  been  celebrated 
as  a  powerful  antisyphilitic;  and  used  as  a  sort 
of  diet  drink.  The  kernel  is  an  agreeable  arti- 
cle of  dessert;  but,  like  all  nuts,  is  difficult  of 
digestion.  The  expressed  oil,  Huile  de  JYoix,  is 
used  in  France  as  an  aliment,  and,  like  other 
fixed  oils,  is  laxative. 

Various  preparations  of  the  leaves  have  been 
recommended  in  scrofulous  affections. 

JUG'ULAR,  Jugula'ris,  from  jugulum, '  the 
throat.'    Relating  to  the  throat. 

Jugular  Fossa,  Fossa  Jugula'ris,  is  a  cavity 
in  the  petro-occipital  suture.  It  is  formed  by 
the  petrous  portion  of  the  temporal  bone,  and 
by  the  occipital  bone,  and  lodges  the  origin  of 
the  internal  jugular  vein.  It  is,  sometimes, 
called  thimble- like  cavity. 

Jugular  Veins,  Vcnse  Jugula'res,  V.sphagit'- 
ides,  V.  apophe'lieu?,  V.  sapora'lcs.  These  are 
situate  at  the  lateral  and  anterior  parts  of  the 
neck.  They  are  two  on  each  side;  one  exter- 
nal, I  lie  other  internal.  1.  The  External  Jugu- 
lar Vein, —  Trachelo  sous-culani,  (Ch.)  is  of  less 
size  than  the  internal.  It  descends,  almost 
vertically,  alonnr  the  anterior  and  lateral  part  of 
the  neck,  from  the  cervix  of  the  lower  jaw  to 
the  subclavian  vein,  into  which  it  opens,  a 
little  above  the  internal  jugular.  It  is  formed 
by  the  internal  maxillary,  superficial  temporal, 
and  posterior  auricular  reins  It  is  this  vein, 
which  is  commonly  opened  in  bleeding  in  the 
neck.  2.  The  Internal  Jugular  Vein,  V.  C6- 
phalique  (Ch  )  Vena  apoplectica,  is  much  larger 
and  more  deeply  sealed  than  the  preceding.  It 
descends,  vertically,  along  the  anterior  and  la- 
teral part  of  the  neck,  from  the  posterior  part 
of  the  foramen  lacerum  posterius  as  far  as  the 
subclavian  vein.  It  commences  at  the  si7ius  of 
the  jugular  vein,  (F.)  Golfe  de  la  veine  jugu- 
hire,  and  receives  the  blood,  which  returns  by 
the  sinus  of  the  dura  muter,  and   that  of  the 


facial,  lingual,  pharyngeal,  superior  thyroid,  oc- 
cipital, and  diploic  veins. 

JUGULUM,  Throat. 

JUGUM  PENIS,  Fresse-vrethrc. 

JUJUBE,  Jujuba,  Ziz'ijphum.  The  fruit  of 
Rhamnus  Zizyphus,  Ziz'yphus  vulga'ris,  a  native 
of  the  south  of  Europe.  Jt  was  formerly  ranked 
amongst  the  pectoral  fruits.  It  has  an  agreea- 
ble sweet  taste.  The  fruits  of  two  other  spe- 
cies of  Zizyphus — Z.  jvjuba,  a  native  of  the 
East  Indies,  and  Z.  lotus,  growing  in  North 
Africa,  possess  similar  properties  to  Zizyphus 
vulgaris. 

Jujube  Paste,  Paste  of  jujubes. 

JULAPIUM,  Julep — j.  Camphorae,  Mistura 
camphors. 

JULEB,  Julep. 

JULEP,  Jula'pium,  Jnle'pus,  Zula'pium,-  Ju- 
leb  of  the  Persians.  A  sweet  drink.  A  de- 
mulcent, acidulous  or  mucilaginous  mixture. 

Julep,  Camphor,  Mistura  camphorae — j. 
Camphri,  Mistura  camphorae. 

JULUS,  Julos,  lav  las,  icv/.oc.  The  first  down 
that  appears  upon  the  chin. — Rufus  of  Ephesus. 

JUMEAU,  Gemellus. 

JUMEJ1UX  DE  LA  JAMBE,  Gastrocnemii. 

JUMELLE,  Gemellus. 

JUNCTURA,  Articulation. 

JUNCUS  ODORATUS,  Andropo'gon  schce- 
nun'thus,  Faznum  camelo'rum,  Juncus  aromat' - 
icus,  Camel's  hay,  Sweet  rush,  Schccnan'thus, 
Cal'amus  odora'lus,  Squinan'thus,  Grumen  ori- 
cnta'le.  (F.)  Jonc  odarant.  The  dried  plant, 
which  is  generally  procured  from  Turkey  and 
Arabia,  has  an  agreeable  smell,  and  a  warm, 
bitterish  taste.  It  was  formerly  used  as  a  sto- 
machic and  deobstruent. 

JUNGLE  FEVER.  A  variety  of  remittent 
occurring  in  the  juntrle  districts  of  India. 

JUNIPER  TREE,  Juniperus  communis. 

JUNIP'ERUM  VINUM.  Wine  impregnated 
with  juniper  berries. 

JUNIP'ERUS  COMM U'N IS,  Arccu'tos,  The 
Juniper  tree,-  Akut'alis,  Akat'era.  Family,  Coni- 
ferae.  Sex.  Syst.  Dicecia  Monadelphia.  The 
tops  and  berries,  Juniperus  (Ph.  U.  S.),  are  or- 
dered in  the  pharmacopoeias.  Their  odour  is 
strong,  but  not  unpleasant.  Taste  warm,  pun- 
gent. Properties  dependent  upon  essential  oil, 
which  they  yield  to  both  water  and  alcohol. 
Dose,  9j-  to  gss,  rubbed  with  sugar.  In  Hol- 
land, juniper  berries  are  used  for  flavouring  the 
gin.  The  oil,  Oleum  juniperi,  possesses  the 
virtues  of  the  plant.  It  is  called  by  Ruland, 
Targar.  (F.)  Genevrier  (the  plant,)  Gcnievre 
(the  berry.) 

Juniperus  Lycia.  This  plant—  Thurca,  Tk. 
virga,  Arbor  tkurif'era,  has  been  supposed  to 
afford  the  true  frankincense,  Cedros,  Olib'anum, 
Thus  Lihuno'tos,  Lib'anos,  Thus  mus'culum, 
Thus  verum,  (E.)  Enccns.  By  some,  however, 
it  is  supposed  to  be  the  produce  of  an  Ainyris, 
and  by  others  of  Bosxcel'lia  serra'ta.  The  odour 
of  olibanum  is  peculiar  and  aromatic:  taste 
bitterish  and  slightly  pungent;  partly  soluble 
in  alcohol,  and  forming  a  milky  emulsion,  when 
triturated  with  water.  It  was  formerly  used  in 
dysentery  and  haemoptysis,  but  is  now  never 
employed  except  as  a  perfume  in  a  sick  room. 

Juniperus  Sabi'na,  Sabina,  Savina,  Sabina 
sto'i/is,  Bruta,  Cedrvs  baccif'era,  Common  or 
barren  savin,-  Brulhu,  Brathys,  Baralhron,  Bo- 
rutltron,   (F.)  Sabine,  Savinier.     The  odour  of 


JUN1PERUS  V1RGINIANA 


424 


KELP 


savin  leaves  is  strong  and  disagreeable.  Taste 
hot,  acrid,  and  bitter,  depending  on  an  essen- 
tial oil.  Their  operation  is  stimulant,  emmena- 
gogue,  anthelmintic,  and  abortive;  externally, 
escharotic.  Dose,  internally,  gr.  v  to  x  of  the 
powder.  As  an  escharotic,  it  is  applied  in  pow- 
der or  formed  into  a  cerate.  The  essential  oil, 
Oleum  Sabina,  (Ph.  U.  S.),  has  the  virtues  of 
the  savine.     Dose  two  to  five  drops. 

Juniperus  Virginia'na,  Red  cedar.  This 
tree  is  known  throughout  the  United  States  by 
the  name  of  savine,  and  is  often  used  for  the 
same  purposes. 

JUNK,  Pad. 

JUNO  LUC1NA,  llithyia. 

JUPITER,  Tin. 

JURIBALI,  Eurihali.  A  tree  in  the  forests 
of  Pomeroon.  Nat.  Fam.  Meliacea?.  Class, 
Oclandria.  Order,  Monogynia.  The  bark  is 
febrifuge,  and  may  be  given  in  powder  or  infu- 
sion, (^j  ad  aij.  bullient.  Oij.) 

JURISPRUDENCE,  MEDICAL,  from  jus, 
juris,  'law,'  and  prudent  in,  'knowledge,'  Juris- 
pruden'tia  Med'ica.  This  word  is  often  used 
synonymously  with  Legal  Medicine,  which 
see.  It  is  now,  as  frequently  perhaps,  em- 
ployed for  the  imbodied  laws  and  regulations 
that  relate  to  the  teaching  and  practice  of 
medicine. 


JUS,  Zomos.  Soup,  broth,  or  bouillon — j. 
Coagulntum,  Gelly. 

JUS  D'HERBES,  (F.)  The  juice  of  certain 
vegetables  administered  as  depuratives;  as  tiiat 
of  fumitory,  burdock,  water  trefoil,  &c. 

J(7S  Jelatum,  Gelly — j.  de  Reglisse,  see  Gly- 
cynhiza— j.  de  Viande,  see  Bouillon. 

JUSQUIAMUS,  Hyoscyamus. 

JUSQU1AUME,  Hyoscyamus. 

JUSTICIA  RIVALV1S,  Adulasso— j.  Adha- 
toda,  Adhatoda. 

Justi"cia  Ecboi/ium,  Carim  curini.  A  Ma- 
labar plant,  the  root  of  which,  and  the  leaves, 
in  decoction,  are  considered  in  the  country  to 
be  lithontriptic. 

Justi"cia  Pf.ctora'lis.  A  West  India  plant, 
which  is  slightly  astringent.  (F.)  Carmantine, 
C.  Pectorale,  Herbe  aux  Ckarpentiers. 

JUVANS,  Auxil'ium,  Remcd'ium.  A  medi- 
cine or  substance  of  any  kind,  which  relieves  a 
disorder. 

JUVENTUS,  Adolescence. 

JUXTAPOSITION,  from  juxta,  'near  to,' 
and  ponere,  positum,  'to  place.'  The  mode  of 
increase,  proper  to  minerals;  which  consists  in 
the  successive  application  of  new  molecules 
upon  those  that  form  the  primitive  nucleus.  It 
is  opposed  to  intussusception. 


K. 


K.  This  letter  was  formerly  used  to  desig- 
nate a  compound  of  gold. 

KAATH,  Catechu. 

KAAWY.  Ancient  name  of  an  Indian  drink, 
prepared  from  maize. 

KABALA,  Cabal. 

K/EMPFERIA  GALANGA,  see  Maranta 
Galanga. 

Kjempfe'ria  Rotun'da.  Called  after  Kaomp- 
fer,  the  naturalist.  Zedoa'ria,  Z.  rotun'da, 
Amo'mum  zedoa'ria,  Col'chicum  Zcylan' icum, 
Zcd'oary.  (F.)  Zedoaire  rond.  The  roots  of 
this  Ceylonese  plant  have  a  fragrant  smell,  and 
warm,  bitterish,  aromatic  taste.  They  are  in 
wrinkled,  gray,  ash-coloured,  heavy,  firm,  short 
pieces;  of  a  brownish  red  colour  within;  and 
are  stimulant  and  carminative.  Dose,  Qj  to  gj 
of  the  powder. 

According  to  some,  the  round  zedoary  is  fur- 
nished by  Curcuma  zerumbet.  The  long  zedoa- 
ry, Zedoa'ria  longa,  is  furnished  by  Cur'cuma 
zedoa'ria 

KAHINC^E  RADIX,  Caincse  radix. 

KAIB,  Kayl.  A  word  employed  by  the 
alchemists  for  sour  and  coagulated  milk. 

KAJEPUT,  Cajeput. 

KALI,  Potash — k.  Acetas,  Potassa?  acetas — 
k.  Aeratum,  Potassa?  carbonas — k.  Causticum, 
Potassa  fusa — k.  Causticum  cum  calce,  Potassa 
cum  calce — k.  Chloricum,  Potassee.  murias  hy- 
peroxygenatus — k.  Hydriodinicum,  see  Potas- 
sa? hydriodas — k.  Nitricum,  Potassse  nitras — k. 
Oxalicum  acidulum,  Potass,  oxalate  of—  k.  Proe 
paratum,  Potassa;  subcarbonas — k.  Praparatum 
e  tartaro,see  Potash — k.  Purum,  Potassa  fusa — 
k.  Spinosum  cochleatum,  Salsola  kali — k.  Sub- 
carbonas, Potassa;  subcarbonas — k.  Sulphas, 
Potassa?  sulphas— k.  Sulphuricum,  Potassee  sul- 


phas—  k.  Sulphuretum, Potassee  sulphuretum— 
k.  Tartarizatum,  Potassa?  tartras — k.  e  Tartaro, 
see  Potash — k.  Vitriolatum,  Potassa?  sulphas. 

KALICUM  HYDRAS,  Potassa  fusa. 

K A L1UM IODATUM.  see  Potassa?  hydriodas. 

KALMIA  ANGUSTIFO'LIA.  Called  after 
Kalm,  the  botanist.  Ivy,  Narrow -leaved  Kal- 
tuia  or  Laurel,  Dwarf  Laurel,  Sheep  Laurel. 
This  plant  has  the  same  virtues  as  the  next.  So 
also  has 

Kalmia  Glauca,  Swamp  Laurel. 

Kalmia,  Broad-leaved,  K.latifolia. 

Kalmia  Latifo'lia,  Broad-leaved  Kalmia, 
Cal'ico  busk,  Laurel,  Mountain  Laurel,  Rose 
Laurel,  Big  Icij,  Spoonwood,  Lambkill,  Sheep- 
poison,  Broad-leaved  Laurel.  This  plant  kills 
sheep  and  other  animals.  The  Indians  use  it 
as  a  poison.  The  powdered  leaves  have  been 
applied  successfully  in  tinea  capitis;  and  a  de- 
coction of  it  has  been  used  for  the  itch.  The 
powder,  mixed  with  laid,  has  been  applied  in 
herpes. 

Kalmia,  Narrow-leaved,  K.  angustifolia. 

KAMPHUR,  Camphor. 

KAPHUR,  Camphor. 

KARABE,  Asphaltum. 

KARABITIS.  Phrenitis. 

KARENA.Carena. 

KASSADFR,  Convolvulus  panduratus. 

KASSAUDER,  Convolvulus  panduratus. 

KATASARCA,  Anasarca. 

KATASTALTICA,  Astringents. 

KAVA,  Ava. 

KAVIAC,  Caviare. 

KAYL,  Kaib. 

KELOID,  Cancroid. 

KELOTOMIA,  Celotomia. 

KELP,  Varec.    The  impure  mineral  alkali. 


KENiNELWORT 


425       KILEURN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF 


obtained   by   burning    certain   marine    plants. 
See  Soda. 

KENNELWORT,  Scrophularia  nodosa. 

KENTUCKY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
The  Olympian  Springs  in  this  state  are  near 
the  sources  of  Licking  river.  There  are  three 
different  kinds,  in  the  space  of  half  a  mile. 
One  of  these  is  saline,  impregnated  with  sul- 
phur;— another  is  a  chalybeate,  and  a  third  a 
sulphureous  spring.  In  various  parts  of  Ken- 
tucky, there  are  saline  waters,  which  are  fre- 
quented by  invalids.  The  Salines  at  Bigbone, 
formerly  employed  in  the  manufacture  of  salt, 
are  now  resorted  to  by  invalids.  A  spring,  near 
Harrodsburg  in  Mercer  county,  is  strongly  im- 
pregnated with  sulphate  of  magnesia. 

KERATITIS,  Ceratitis. 

KERATO-GLOSSUS,  Cerato-glossus. 

K ERATO-IRITIS,  Aquo  membranitis. 

KERATOMUS,  Ceratotomus. 

KE  RATON  YXIS,  Cera  tony  xis. 

KERATO-FHARYNGEUS,  Cerato-pharyn- 
gens. 

KERATO-STAPHYLINUS,  Cerato-staphy- 
linus. 

KERATOTOMUS,  Ceratotomus,  Knife,  ca- 
taract. 

KERMES,  Chermes,  Alkermes.  One  of  the 
species  of  the  genus  kermes  lives  on  a  green 
oak,  and  is  called  Coccus  il'icis,  Kermes  animal, 
Coccum,  Cocci  granum,  Coccvm  baph'icum,  in- 
fecto'rium,  tincto'rium,  scarluti'  num,  &c.  The 
oak,  to  which  allusion  has  been  made,  is  known 
by  botanists  under  the  name  Quercus  coccifera, 
and  grows  abundantly  in  the  uncultivated  lands 
of  southern  France,  Spain,  and  in  the  islands 
of  the  Grecian  Archipelago.  The  kermes,  in- 
habiting it,  has  the  appearance  of  a  small, 
spherical,  inanimate  shell.  Its  colour  is  red- 
dish-brown; and  it  is  covered  with  a  slightly 
ash-coloured  dust.  This  is  the  kermes  of  the 
shops.  It  is  now  only  used  in  dyeing;  but  was 
formerly  reputed  to  possess  aphrodisiac,  analep- 
tic, anti-abortive,  and  other  virtues. 

Kermes,  Mineral,  see  Antimonii  sulphure- 
tum  prnscipitatum. 

KERUA,  Ricinus  communis. 

KETCHUP  ok  CATCHUP.  A  pickle  pre- 
pared from  the  liquor  of  the  mushroom,  wal- 
nut, tomata,  &c. 

KETMIA  jEGYPTIACA,  Hibiscus  abelmos- 
chus. 

KEY,  Sax.  ess,  Clavis,  Clcis,  Claris  An'gli- 
ca,  (F.)  Clef  de  Garangeot.  An  instrument, 
used  for  extracting  teeth.  It  consists  of  a  firm 
handle,  with  a  claw  at  right  angles  to  it,  and 
moving  upon  a  pivot.  This  claw  embraces  the 
tooth.  It  has  undergone  several  modifications; 
and  hence  various  instruments  are  used  under 
this  denomination.  The  French  have  the  Clef 
aparnpe,  Clef  a  pirot,  and  Clef  d  noix. 
KEYRI  CHEIRI.  Cheiranthus  cheiri. 
KHALA  M1MUC,  Bit  noben. 
KIAS'TER,  Chiaster,  from  ^_txUiv, <  to  cross.' 
A  species  of  bandage,  having  the  form  of  the 
Greek  letter  /,  which  the  ancients  used  for  ap- 
proximating, and  maintaining  in  contact,  the 
fragments  of  t he  patella,  in  cases  of  fracture  of 
that  bone.  It  was  applied  in  the  form  of  Ihe 
figure  8. 

KIBIST1TOME,  Cystitome. 
KIDNEY.     Its  etymology  is  uncertain.    Se- 
renius  derives  it  fancifully  from  Su.  Goth,  qued, 
28 


the  belly;  and  nigh,  (quasi,  quidney)  Ran, 
JVephros,  Frotme'kis.  (F.)  Rein.  The  kidneys 
are  the  secretory  organs  of  the  urine.  They 
are  two  glands,  situate  deeply, — the  one  on  the 
right,  and  the  other  on  the  left  side, — in  the 
hypochondres ;  at  the  sides  of  the  lumbar  ver- 
tebrae; behind  the  peritoneum;  and  in  the 
midst  of  an  abundant,  fatty  cellular  tissue, 
Tunica  adiposa.  The  kidney  is  of  a  reddish- 
brown  colour;  oval  form;  and  flattened  on  two 
surfaces.  It  has,  at  its  internal  margin,  a  deep 
fissure,  by  which  the  renal  vessels  and  nerves 
enter  or  quit  the  organ,  and  the  ureter  issues. 
It  resembles,  pretty  accurately,  the  haricot  or 
kidney-bean.  Two  substances  are  readily  dis- 
tinguishable in  it; — the  outer,  Secerning  or  Cor- 
tical, Substantia  cortica'/is,  S.  glandvlo's'i,  which 
secretes  the  urine;  and  the  inner,  Tubular,  Me- 
dullary or  Uriniferous,  Substantia  medulla'ris,  S. 
Tubulo'sa,  S.  Fibro'sa,  which  appears  under  the 
form  of  small  cones  or  unequal  papillce,  each 
resulting  from  the  union  of  small  capillary 
tubes,  adherent  by  one  of  their  extremities  to 
the  cortical  substance;  and  opening,  by  the 
other,  at  the  summit  of  the  cone,  into  caliccs,  a 
species  of  membranous  tubes,  more  or  less  nu- 
merous, which  transmit  the  urine  of  the  papil- 
lae to  the  pelcis.  By  this  (pelcis)  is  meant  a 
small,  membranous  sac.  of  an  irregularly  ovai 
shape,  at  the  base  of  which  are  the  orifices  of 
the  calices;  and  the  other  extremity  of  which 
is  continuous  with  the  ureter.  The  kidney  is 
surrounded  by  a  fibrous  membrane  proper  to  it. 
It  has  been  affirmed,  of  late,  by  Mr.  Bowman, 
that  the  renal  artery  is  distributed  to  the  cor- 
pora Malpighiana,  (q.  v.)  where  the  watery  por- 
tion of  the  urine  is  separated.  The  blood  then 
becomes  venous  and  is  distributed  by  different 
vessels  to  the  convoluted  tubes  through  which 
the  proper  urine  is  secreted.  Hence  the  blood 
passes  into  the  renal  vein.  The  intermediate 
vessels  between  the  Malpighian  bodies  and  the 
convoluted  tubes,  have  been  termed  the  Portal 
System  of  the.  Kidneys. 

Kidnev,  Bkight's  Disease  of  the.  Morbm 
Brizht"ii,  Kepltri'tis  albuminu'su,  M.  albuminen'- 
sis,  JVeph'ria.  Disease  of  Bright,  Gran'ular  Dege- 
neration or  Disorganiza' tion  of  Hie  Kidney,  Gra- 
nular Kidney  of  Bright,  (F.)  Maladie  de  Bright, 
Nephrite,  albumincuse,  Etat  Granuleux  ou  Dt.ge- 
nerescence  grmiulie  du  Rein,  jjlbuminurorrhie. 
A  granular  disease  of  the  cortical  part  of  the 
kidney,  which  gives  ocension  to  the  secretion 
of  urine  that  contains  albumen,  and  is  of  less 
specific  gravity  than  natural,  and  which  de- 
stroys by  inducing  other  diseases.  It  was  first 
described  by  Dr.  Bright  of  London,  about  twenty 
years  ago. 

Kidnev,  Granuhr,  of  Bright,  Kidney, 
Bright's  disease  of  the. 

KI'ESTEINE,  Ki'estein,  properly  Kifesteinc, 
Ky'estein,  Cfestcine  or  Cy'estein,  from  r.-jtiv, 
'to  be  pregnant,'  and  tv&i^,  'a  garment  or  pel- 
licle.' A  peculiar  substance,  which  forms  a 
pellicle  on  the  urine  of  a  pregnant  female  when 
allowed  to  stand  for  a  few  days.  It  is  whitish, 
opalescent,  slightly  granular,  and  may  be  com- 
pared to  the  fatty  substance  that  swims  on  the 
surface  of  soups,  after  they  have  been  allowed 
to  cool.  When  taken  in  conjunction  with  other 
phenomena,  it  is  a  valuable  aid  in  the  diagnosis 
of  early  pregnancy. 
KILBURN,    MINERAL    WATERS   OF. 


KILOGRAMME 


426 


KNIFE,  DOUBLE-EDGED 


These  springs  contain  carbonic  acid,  sulphohy-  | 
dric  acid;   carbonates  of"  lime,  magnesia,  and 
iron;   sulphates  of  soda,  lime,  and  magnesia, 
and  chloride  of  sodium. 

K I LOGRAMM E,  Chiliogrnm'ma, from XiXioi. 
'a  thousand,'  and  ynafsfxa,  'a  gramme.'  The 
weight  of  a  thousand  grammes;— two  pounds, 
eight  ounces,  one  drachm,  and  twenty-four 
grains,  Trov. 

KILOLITRE,  from  X'hoh  'a  thousand,'  and 
/hre«,'a  litre.'  A  measure,  containing  a  thou- 
sand litres. 

KINA  KINA,  Cinchona. 

KIJYANC1E,  Cvnanche. 

KINUOUGH.  Pertussis. 

K1NDCOUGH,  Pertussis. 

KINGCURE,  Pyrola  maculata. 

KINGS  EVIL,  Scrofula. 

KLN1CI  ACETAS,Q.uinia,  acetate  of. 

K1NINUM,  Quinina. 

KINKINA,  Cinchona. 

KINO,  Gummi  Gumbien'sE,  Gummi  rubrum 
adstrin'gens  Gambien'st,  African  kino,  East 
India  kino,  Ambot/iia  kino,  Gummi  adstrin'gens 
Father  git  li.  The  trees,  whence  one  variety  of 
this  resin  is  obtained,  are  not  botanically  ascer- 
tained. The  London  college  ascribe  it  to  the 
Pterocar'pus  erina'cea;  the  Edinburgh  to  the 
Eucalyptus  resinifera,  and  the  Dublin  to  the 
Butea  frondo'sa.  The  pharmacopoeia  of  the 
United  States,  (1842,)  defines  it  to  be  "  an  ex- 
tract obtained  from  an  uncertain  plant."  On 
woundii!:1  the  bark,  the  kino  flows  drop  by 
drop.  The  East  India  or  Amboyna  kino  is 
thought  to  be  the  produce  of  the  JYau'clca  gam- 
bit; Sex.  Sy.st.  Pentandria  Monogynia.  ffat. 
Ord.  Rubiacea?.  A  West  India  variety  is  said 
to  be  derived  from  the  Coccoloba  uv'fera  or 
Sea-side  Grape,-  and  a  Botany  Bay  kino  is  said 
to  be  the  concrete  juice  of  the  Eucalyptus  resi- 
nifera or  broicn  gum-tree  of  New  Holland,  Sex. 
Syst.  Icosandria  Monogynia.  Nat.  Ord.  Myrta- 
cere.  Kino  consists  chiefly  of  tannin,  gallic 
acid,  oxide  of  iron,  and  colouring  matter.  Lis 
inodorous;  the  taste  a  sweetish  hitler;  and  it 
is  sometimes  gritty  between  the  teeth.  It 
comes  to  us  in  fragments  of  a  dark  ruby  red 
colour,  and  is  easily  pulverized.  Its  properties 
are  powerfully  astringent.  Dose,  gr.  x  to  gr. 
xx  in  powder. 

KIONORRHAPIIIA,  Staphylnraphy. 

KI'OTOME,  Kivl'omus,  from  kiwi;  'a  pillar.' 
■support,'  and  rtftrur,  'to  cut.'  (F.)  Coupe 
bride.  An  instrument  invented  by  Desault,  to 
cut  any  accidental  brides  or  filaments  in  the 
rectum  and  bladder;  and  which  he  afterwards 
used  for  the  removal  of  the  tonsils.  It  is  com- 
posed of  a  flat,  silver  sheath;  open  at  one  edge. 
This  sheath  is  provided  with  a  cutting  blade, 
which  can  be  forced  through  the  opening,  and 
thus  all  the  parts  can  be  divided  with  which  it 
comes  in  contact. 

KIPPERNUT,  Bunium  bulbocastannm. 

KIRATE.  A  weight  of  four  grains,  accord- 
ing to  B'ancard. 

KIRRH GNOSIS,  Cirrhonosis. 

KIRRHOSIS,  Cirrhonosis. 

KIRSCHWASSER,  iG.)  'Chary  water: 
An  alcoholic  liquor,  obtained  from  cherries 
bruised  with  their  stones,  by  subjecting  them  to 
distillation,  after  having  caused  them  to  fer- 
ment.    See  Spirit. 

KISSINGEN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 


These  springs,  in  Bavaria,  contain  carbonic  acid 

and  chloride  of  sodium. 

KIST.  A  weight  of  14  grains — Paracelsus. 
KLAPROTHII  SULPHAS, Cadmii  sulphas, 
KLAPROTH1UM    SULPHURICUM,  see 

Cadmii  sulphas. 

KLEPTOMA'NIA;  from  xltnrw,  'I  steal,' 
and  mania.  Insanity,  with  an  irresistible  pro- 
pensity to  steal. 

KLOPEMA'NIA,  Clopema'nia,  from  xlonrj, 
'theft,' and  fiavia,  'mania.'  Monomania,  with 
an  irresistible  desire  to  steal. 

KNARESBOROUGH,  MINERAL  WA- 
TERS OF,  see  Harrogate,  mineral  waters  of. 

KNEADING,  Shampooing. 

KNEE,  HOUSEMAID'S.  An  inflammation 
of  the  bursa,  which  in  most  individuals  is  in 
front  of  the  patella,  and  is  apt  to  inflame  and 
enlarge  from  effusion  in  those  in  whom  it  is 
subjected  to  much  pressure.  Hence  its  name. 
It  is  a  form  of  capsular  rheumatism,  (q.  v  ) 

KNEE  SCAB,  Crusta  genu  equina;— k.  En- 
circled hoof,  Crusta  genu  equinje. 

KNIFE.  Sax.  cniF.  Swed.  K  n  i  f.  Dan. 
K  n  i  v.  (F.)  Canif,  Culter,  Smils,  Cullcll'us, 
Tejmei'on,  Tome' us,  Machx'ra,  Machx'rion,  Ma- 
chslris,  (F.)  Coutcau.  A  cutting  instrument, 
used  in  surgery  to  divide  the  soft  parts,  and 
which  only  differs  from  the  bistouri  or  scalpel 
in  being  commonly  larger. 

The  most  common  knives  are  the  following: 

Knife,  Amputa'tion,  (F.)  Cauteau  a  amputa- 
tion, C.  droit,  Culter  rectus.  This  is  the  larcrest 
of  the  knives  used  in  surgery.  Formerly,  they 
were  curved;  now  they  are  straight,  and  pro- 
vided with  one  or  two  edges. 

Knife,  Cat'aract,  Ceralot'omus,  Keralotf- 
omus,  (F.)  Coutean  a  cataracte.  The  cataract 
knives  of  Richter,  Wenzel,  Ward,  and  others, 
being  intended  to  perform  the  section  of  the 
transparent  cornea,  are  so  shaped  as  to  exactly 
fill  the  small  wound  made  by  them;  and  thus 
to  prevent  the  discharge  of  the  aqueous  hu- 
mour, until  the  section  is  completed.  The  blade 
of  the  knives  of  Wenzel  and  Ward  resembles 
a  very  narrow  lancet,  blunt  in  the  posterior 
five-sixths  of  one  of  its  edges.  The  blade  of 
that  of  Richter  is  pyramidal,  cutting  through 
the  whole  length  of  its  inferior  edge,  and  also 
blunt  in  the  five-sixths  of  the  upper. 

Knife,  Ciieseluen's.  A  knife  with  a  fixed 
handle;  very  convex  on  its  edge,  concave  on 
the  back,  which  was  used  by  Cheselden  in  litho- 
tomy. 

Knife,  Crooked,  Culter  falra'tus,  Culler  cur- 
vns,  (F.)  Cotitean  cburbe.  A  knife,  which  is 
crooked  and  concave  nn  its  cutting  edge.  U 
was  formerly  employed  in  amputation  of  the 
limbs. 

Knife,  Crotchet,  Culltl'lus  uncus,  (F.)  Cou- 
lean  a  crochet.  A  steel  instrument,  composed 
of  a  round  staff,  furnished  with  a  handle  at  one 
extremity,  and  at  the  other  with  a  curved  knife. 
It  was  formerly  used  to  cut  to  pieces  monstrous 
foatuses  in  utero;  and  to  open  the  head  when 
necessary. 

Knife,  Double-Edoed,  Anceps  cullcllus, 
Amphis'mela,  Amp  hi  a' mile,  Catling,  (F.)  Cou- 
tcau a  deux  tranchuns,  Couteau  ddsarliculatevr, 
C.  interosseuz.  A  knife,  the  blade  of  which  is 
straight  and  sharp  on  both  sides.  It  is  used  for 
disarticulating  bones;  and  for  cutting  the  soft 


KNIFE  EN  SERPETTE 


427 


KYTTARRHAGIA 


parts  situate  between  the  bones,  in  amputation 
of  the  \('<I  and  forearm, 

KNIFE  EN  SERPETTE,  (F.)  Couteau  en 
serpette.  A  sort  of  knife,  of  the  shape  of  a  ser- 
pelle  or  pruning-knife,  invented  by  Desault  for 
dividing  the  bony  paries  of  the  maxillary  sinus, 
for  the  purpose  ofextracting  fungi  from  it. 

Knife,  Lentic'ular,  Culler  knlicula'ris,  (F.) 
Couteau  lenticulaire.  An  instrument,  used  in 
the  operation  of  trepanning,  for  removing  in- 
equalities in  the  inner  table  of  the  skull,  which 
may  have  been  left  by  the  crown  of  the  trephine 
around  the  opening  made  by  it  It  is  formed 
of  a  lenticular  button,  fixed  at  the  extremity  of 
an  iron  staff',  which  is  convex  on  one  side,  flat 
on  the  other;  sharp  at  both  edges,  and  mounted 
on  an  ebony  handle. 

Knife,  Lithot'omv,  (F.)  Couteau  litfwtome. 
\  name,  given  by  Foubert  to  a  large  knife,  the 
narrow  blade  of  which,  four  and  a  half  inches 
m  length,  was  sharp  in  its  whole  extent,  and 
made  an  obtuse  angle  with  the  handle.  He 
used  it  in  the  lateral  operation, 

KNOT,  PACKER'S,  (F.)  Na-ud  d'cmballear. 
A  compressive  bandage,  used  for  arresting 
hemorrhage  from  the  temporal  artery  or  its 
branches.  The  naud  d'emba/leur  is  made  with 
a  double-headed  roller,  five  ells  long.  A  gra- 
duated compress  is  placed  over  the  opening  in 
the  artery,  and  the  bandage  is  applied  over  it; 
the  balls  of  the  roller  being  carried  horizontally 
round  to  the  opposite  temple,  where  they  are 
crossed  obliquely  and  carried  back  to  the  part 
where  the  compress  is  situate.  The  hands  are 
then  changed  with  the  rollers,  crossing  them  so 
as  to  form  a  knot,  and  taking  one  above  the 
head;  the  other  beneath  the  chin.  They  are 
then  crossed  again,  so  as  to  form  several  knots, 
one  above  the  other.  This  bandage  is  called, 
by  some  surgeons,  Solar  or  oblique  chevestre,  or 
capistivm. 

Knot,  Sukgf.on's,  (F.)  Maud  du  chirurgien 
A  double  knot,  made  by  passing  the  thread 
twice  through  the  same  noose.  This  knot  is 
used  frequently  in  the  ligature  of  arteries,  the 
umbilical  cord,  &c. 

KNOTBERRIES,  Rubus  chamcemorus. 

KNOTGRASS,  Polygonum  aviculare. 

KNOTROOT,  Cnllinsonia  Canadensis. 

K  NOT  WEED,  Collinsonia  Canadensis,  Poly- 
gonum aviculare. 

KOINO-MIASMATA,  see  Miasm. 

KOLERUS,  a  name  given  by  Paracelsus  to 
a  dry  ulcer. 

KOLPORRHAPHY,  Elytrorrhaphy. 

KOLTO.  Plica. 

KOPYOPIA,  see  Copyopia 

KORIS,  Cimex. 

KOSSO,  Hagenia  Abyssinica. 

KRAM  E'RIA,  Rntan'liia,  Rhutan'ia,  Rai'anhy, 
(F.)  Ratanhie.  Krameria,  Kramcria  triandra; 
Sex.  Syst.  Tetrandria  Monogynia.  Nat.  Ord 
Polygalea:, — is  a  native  of  Java.  The  root  has  a 
hitter  taste;  and  is  astringent,  diuretic,  and 
detergent.     Dose,  J}j  to  zj. 

Kuamk'iua  Ixi'na,  or  Ratanhy  of  the  Antilles, 
si  milar  virtues. 

KREOSOTON,  Creosote. 

KUA  KAMA,  Curcuma  longa. 

KUSSANDER,  Convolvulus  panduratus. 

KUTKULEJA,  Casalpinia  bonducella. 

KUTOOKURUN JA,  Cresalpinia  bonducella. 


KUTUBUTH.  An  Arabic  name  for  a  species 
of  melancholy  in  which  the  patient  is  never 
quiet  at  any  one  place,  but  wanders  about  here 
and  there.  Also,  the  name  of  an  insect,  which 
lives  at  the  surface  of  stagnant  waters,  and  is 
in  a  constant  state  of  agitation.  Some  lexico- 
graphers imagine  that  it  is  on  account  of  this 
last  circumstance,  that  the  name  of  the  insect 
has  been  given  to  the  disease. 

KYANOSIS,  Cyanopathy. 

KYAPUTTY,  Caieput. 

KYESTEINE,  Kiesteine. 

KYLLO'SIS,  from  xvXXog,  'crooked,'  'lame,' 
Cyllo'sis.  Professor  Chaussier  so  calls  congeni- 
tal distortion  of  the  feet,  Clubfoot,  Tal'ipes,  (F.) 
Pied  bot.  Of  this  there  are  many  varieties.  In 
the  first,  the  foot,  instead  of  resting  on  the  soil, 
by  the  whole  plantar  surface,  touches  it  only 
with  the  metatarso-phalangian  articulations.  It 
seems  as  if  turned  backwards  and  broken  upon 
the  leg,  (Pes  Equinus  )  .  In  the  other  cases  the 
foot  is  twisted  outwards,  (Varus,  Blassop'odes, 
Blai'sopus,  (F.)  Cugneux,)  so  that  it  rests  only 
on  the  ground  on  its  inner  edge;  or  it  may  be 
twisted  inwards,  (Valgus,)  or  rest  only  on  its 
outer  surface.  In  the  fiatfoot,  Sar'apus,  (F.) 
Pied  plat,  the  plantar  surface  of  the  foot  is 
flattened  instead  of  being  concave. 

These  deformities  are  rarely  accidental.  They 
are  almost  always  congenital,  and  may  be  rec- 
tified, at  an  early  period,  by  proper  mechanical 
means  to  strengthen  the  foot  gradually  and  re- 
store it  to  its  proper  shape  and  direction  ;  and  if 
these  means  fail,  the  tendons  and  muscles  con- 
cerned in  the  deformity  may  be  divided. 

KYNA,  Pastinaca  opoponax. 

KYPHOSIS,  see  Cy  phosis— k.Inflammatoria, 
Vertebral  disease — k.  Paralytica,  Vertebral  dis- 
ease, 

KYST  or  CYST,  Kijslus,  Cystus,  from  xva- 
ng,  'a  bladder,'  '  pouch,'  (F.)  Kystc.  This  term 
is  generally  applied  to  pouches  or  sacs,  without 
opening,  and  commonly  of  a  membranous  na- 
ture, which  are  accidentally  developed  in  one 
of  the  natural  cavities,  or  in  the  substance  of 
organs.  Many  theories  have  been  successively 
emitted  to  explain  the  formation  of  cysts,  but 
none  are  entirely  satisfactory.  Some  are  formed 
by  a  thin,  translucent  membrane;  having  scarce- 
ly the  thickness  of  the  arachnoid;  others  of  a 
whitish,  fibro-cellular  membrane,  more  or  less 
thick.  Some  contain  cartilaginous  or  bony 
flakes.  The  greater  part  have  but  one  cavity  ; 
others,  on  the  contrary,  have  several;  separated 
by  complete  or  imperfect  septa,  as  is  frequently 
seen  in  those  developed  in  the  ovaries.  The 
matter  contained  in  cysts  is  sometimes  limpid, 
serous,  yellowish  white,  reddish,  and,  at  others, 
more  or  less  thick,  albuminous,  adipous,  or  case- 
ous. The  tumour,  formed  by  them,  is  called 
Encysted,  which  see. 

KYSTE,  Kyst — It.  Aneurysmal,  Aneurisma! 
sac. 

KYSTHl'TIS,  Cysfhi' lis,  from  xv<r&oc,  'the 
vagina.'  Inflammation  of  the  vulva  and  of  the 
mucous  membrane  of  the  vagina. 

KYSTHOPTO'SIS,  from  "xvrdo?,  'the  vagi- 
na,' and  7ri7iTU),  'I  fail.'  Prolapsus  or  inversion 
of  the  vagina. 

KYTTARRHA'GIA,  from  xviran,ov,  'an  al- 
veolus,' and  oij-yrvut,  'I  break  forth.'  Discharge 
of  blood  from  an  alveolus. 


LABDANUM 


428 


LACHRYMAL 


LABDANUM,  see  Cistus  creticus. 

LABE,  from  Xa^i(iavoj,  '1  seize,'  'I  take,'  'the 
act  of  grasping.'  Invasion.  Also,  employed 
to  denote  the  first  paroxysm  of  fevers. — Galen, 
Hippocrates. 

LABIA  INTERNA  seu  MINORA,  Nymphce 
— ].  Pudendi,  Lips  of  the  vulva. 

LABIAL,  Labia'lis,  from  labium, 'a.  lip.' 

LABIAL,  Orbicularis  oris. 

Labial  Arterv.  Haller  and  Sabatier  call 
thus  the  facial  artery  of  the  majority  of  anato- 
mists. The  labial  arteries,  properly  so  called, 
or  coronary  arteries  of  the  lips,  (F.)  Coronaires 
des  levres,  are  two  in  number.  The  svperior 
arises  from  the  facial,  above,  and  very  close  to, 
the  commissure  of  the  lips.  It  is  large  and  tor- 
tuous, and  is  distributed  to  the  upper  lip.  The 
lower  arises  from  the  facial,  at  a  considerable 
distance  from  the  commissure,  and  proceeds,  in 
a  serpentine  course,  into  the  substance  of  the 
lower  lip,  to  which  it  is  distributed. 

Labial  Glands.  This  name  is  given  to  a 
multitude  of  muciparous  follicles,  of  some  size, 
round,  prominent,  and  separate  from  each  other; 
which  are  found  on  the  inner  surface  of  the  lips, 
below  the  mucous  membrane. 

Labial  Vf.ins  are  distinguished,  like  the  ar- 
teries, into  superior  and  inferior.  They  open 
into  the  facial  vein; — a  division  of  the  internal 
jugular. 

LABIALIS,  Orbicularis  oris. 

LABIM'ETER,  (F.)  Labimetreoa  Labidome- 
tre,  from  Aaflis,  Zctfiifos,  'forceps,'  and  hitqov, 
'measure.'  A  scale  adapted  to  the  handles  of 
the  forceps,  which  indicates  the  distance  of  the 
blades  from  each  other,  when  applied  to  the 
head  of  the  child  in  utero. 

LABIS,  Forceps. 

LABIUM.  Lip — 1.  Leporinum,  Harelip. 

LABLAB,  Dolichos  lablab. 

LABORATOIRE,  Laboratory. 

LAB'ORATORY,  Laborato'rium,  Ergasle'- 
rion,  (F.)  Laboratoire,  from  laborare,  '  to  work.' 
A  name  given  to  any  place  for  preparing  che- 
mical or  pharmaceutical  products,  cVc. 

LABORIOUS.  Delivery  is  said  to  be  labo- 
rious, (F.)  Accouchement  luborieux,  when  at- 
tended with  more  difficulty  and  suffering  than 
usual.  With  some,  laborious  labour  means  one 
that  requires  the  use  of  instruments.  See 
Dystocia. 

LABOUR,  Parturition— 1. Difficult,  Dystocia 
— 1.  Morbid,  Dystocia — 1.  Pains,  see  Pains — 1. 
Show,  see  Parturition. 

LABRISULC1UM,  Cheilocace,  Stomacace. 

LABRUM,  Lip— 1.  Cerebri,  Infundibulurn  of 
the  brain. 

LABRUSCA,  Bryonia  alba. 

LAB'YRINTH,  Labyrinlh'us,  An/rum  buc- 
cino'sum.  A  place,  full  of  turnings,  the  exit  of 
which  is  not  easily  discoverable.  Anatomists 
have  given  this  name  to  the  aggregate  of  parts, 
constituting  the  internal  ear,  Labyrinth'us  uuris 
intima,  lnti'ma  pars  or'gani  audi'tiis.  The  La- 
byrinth is  situate  between  the  tympanum  and 
meatus  auditorius  internus.  It  is  composed  of 
several  cavities,  which  communicate  with  each 
other  in  the  dried  bone;  as  the  vestibule,  coch- 
lea, semicircular  canals,  &c.    It  is  lined  by  pe- 


riosteum, and  also  by  a  pulpy  membrane,  con- 
stituting the  membranous  labyrinth,  on  which 
the  auditory  nerve  is  regularly  dispersed.  This 
membrane  forms  two  sacs  in  the  vestibule, 
called  sac'culus  vestib'uli  and  sac" cuius,  (q.  v.) 
respectively,  which  resemble  in  shape  that  of 
the  bony  cavities  containing  them.  Each  sac 
contains  calcareous  matter,  constituting  the 
Otoliihes  and  Otoconies.  When  the  sac  is  laid 
open,  upon  the  upper  and  outer  part,  a  partition 
appears,  partaking  of  the  nature  of  the  sac,  and 
called  by  Meckel,  Septum  vestib'uli  nervo'so- 
membrana'  ceuni. 

LAC,  Milk,  Lacca — 1.  Arnmoniaci,  Mistura 
ammoniaci — 1.  Amygdalae,  Emulsio  amygdala? 
— 1.  Asafcetidse,  Mistura  asafoetidse — 1.  Avis,  Al- 
bumen ovi — 1.  Guaiaci,  Mistura  Guaiaci— 1. 
Gum,  Lacca — 1.  Luns3,Marga  Candida — 1. Maris, 
Sperm — 1.  Seed,  Lacca — 1.  Shell,  Lacca— 1. 
Stick,  Lacca — 1.  Sulphuris,  Sulphur  praecipi- 
tatum — 1.  Terrse,  Magnesias  carbonas— 1.  Vir- 
ginis,  Virgin's  milk. 

LACCA,  from  lakah,  Arab.  Gummi  lacca, 
Slick-lac,  Gum-lac,  Seed-lac,  Shell-lac,  (F.)  Laque, 
Lac  is  a  substance  formed  by  an  insect,  and 
deposited  on  different  species  of  trees,  chiefly 
in  the  East  Indies, — for  example  Crotonlaccif- 
erum,  and  two  species  of  Ficus, — Ficus  religiu'sa, 
and  F.  In'dica.  The  various  kinds,  distin- 
guished in  commerce,  are  stick-lac,  which  is 
the  substance  in  its  natural  state,  investing  the 
small  twigs  of  the  tree;  and  seed-lac,  which  is 
the  same  broken  off.  When  melted,  it  i» 
called  shell-lac. 

Lac  was,  at  one  time,  used  in  the  form  of 
tincture,  as  a  tonic  and  astringent;  and  it  slil! 
forms  part  of  particular  dentifrices. 

LACERA'TION,  Lacera'tio,  Rhegma,  Ruptu'- 
ra,  Rupture,  from  lacerare,  'to  tear:' — Dilacmi'- 
lio,  Sparagmu.  (F.)  Arrachtmenl,  Dechirement, 
Dildccrution.  The  act  of  tearing  or  rending. 
The  breach  made  by  tearing  or  rending;  as  a 
lacerated  wound,  Tresis  vulnus  lacera'tum,  La- 
ceratu'ra,  Vulnus  lacera'tum. 

LACERATURA,  see  Laceration. 

LA  CERT  A,  Lizard. 

LACERTI  CORDIS,  Columns  carnesa. 

LACERTULI  CORDIS,  Columnoe  carnea?. 

LACERTUS,  Brachium,  Muscle. 

LAC'EKUM.  Same  etymon.  Any  thing 
torn,  or  appearing  as  if  torn. 

Lac"ehum  Fora'men  Ante'rius,  (F.)  Trou 
die/tire  antcrieur,  Hiatus  spheno-p'etreux,  (Ch.) 
is  an  irregular  opening,  formed  by  the  sphenoid 
and  petrous  portion  of  the  temporal  bone.  This 
foramen  transmits  the  third,  fourth,  and  sixth 
pair  of  nerves  and  the  first  branch  of  the  fifth 
pair  to  the  eye  and  its  appendages. 

Lacerum  Foramen  Poste'iuus,  Foramen 
jugula'rS,  F.  lacerum  in  Basi  Cranii,  (F.)  Trou 
derhire  posterieur,  Hiatus  occipito-pctrcui.,  (Ch.) 
is  formed  by  the  occipital  bone  and  the  inferior 
edge  of  the  petrous  portion  of  the  temporal 
bone.  Through  it,  the  internal  jugular  veinv 
the  eighth  pair  of  nerves,  and  accessory  nerve 
pass  out  of  the  cranium. 

LACHRYMA,  Tear;  see,  also,  Vitis  vinifera. 

LACHRYMAL,  Lacryma'lis,  from  lae'ryma, 


LACHRYMAL  ARTERY 


429 


LACTOMETER 


4  a  tear.'    Belonging  to  the  tears.     This  epithet 
is  given  to  various  parts. 

Lachrymal  Artery  proceeds  from  the  oph- 
thalmic; and  distributes  its  principal  branches 
to  the  lachrymal  gland. 

L. 


by  tne  superior 
maxillary  bofle,  os  ungu'13,  and  os  turbinatum 
mferius;  and  is  seated  in  the  outer  paries  of  the 
nasal  fossag.  It  is  lined  by  a  prolongation  of 
the  mucous  membrane  of  the  lachrymal  sac; 
and  its  inferior  orifice  is  furnished  with  a  val- 
vular duplicative.  This  duct  transmits  the 
tears,  which  have  been  absorbed  at  the  great 
angle  of  the  eye  by  the  puncta  lacrymalia,  into 
the  nasal  fossa?. 

Lach'rymal  Caruncle,  see  Caruncula  la- 
cry  malis. 

Lachrymal  Foss&.,Fassa  seu  Fo'vea lacryma'- 
tis,  is  a  slight  depression  at  the  upper  part  of 
the  orbit,  which  lodges  the  lachrymal  gland. 

Lachrymal  Gland,  Glan'dula  innomina'ta 
Galefni  seu  la  cry  ma' lis,  is  seated  in  a  depression 
of  the  frontal  bone  at  the  upper,  anterior,  and 
outer  part  of  that  orbit.  It  is  of  about  the  size 
of  an  almond;  and  of  an  oval  shape,  flattened 
above  and  below:— its  great  diameter  being  the 
anteroposterior.  It  is  composed  of  several 
small  lobules,  united  by  cellular  tissue,  and 
separated  by  it  as  well  as  by  vessels  and  nerves 
which  creep  in  the  intervals.  This  gland  has 
seven  or  eight  excretory  ducts,  which  open  be- 
hind the  upper  eyelid.  Its  use  is  to  secrete  the 
tears,  and  pour  them  on  the  globe  of  the  eye 
by  the  excretory  ducts. 

Lachrymal  Groove,  (F.)  Goulliere  lacry- 
male,  is  the  bony  channel,  which  lodges  the 
kchrymal  sac.  It  is  seated  at  the  anterior  and 
inner  part  of  the  orbit,  and  is  formed  by  the  os 
unguis  and  the  ascending  process  of  the  upper 
jaw  bone. 

Lachrymal  Hernia  or  Tumour,  Hernia  Sacci 
Lacrymalis,  is  when  the  tears  enter  the  puncta, 
but  cannot  pass  to  the  nose,  and  accumulate. 
By  Anel,  this  was  called  Dropsy  of  the  Lachry- 
mal Sac. 

Lachrymal  Nerve  is  the  smallest  of  the 
three  branches  formed  by  the  ophthalmic  nerve. 
It  is  distributed,  particularly  to  the  lachrymal 
gland  and  to  the  upper  eyelid.  In  its  course  it 
gives  off  a  spheno-maxillary  and  a  malar  fila- 
ment. 

Lachrymal  Passages,  Via  lacry  ma' les,  (F.) 
Voics  lacrymules.  The  organs  concerned  in  the 
secretion  of  tears,  in  spreading  them  over  the 
eve,  and  taking  them  up  again  to  transmit 
them  into  the  nasal  fossce.  The  lachrvmal 
passages  are  composed  of  the  lachrymal  gland, 
caruncle,  puncta,  ducts,  lachrymal  sac,  and  nasal 
duct. 

Lachrymal  Puncta,  Puncta  Lacryma'lia.  Spi- 
r am! inn  Palpebrarum,  (F.)  Points  lacrymaux,  are 
two  small,  round,  and  contractile  openings, 
situate  in  the  centre  of  a  tubercle,  about  a  line 
and  a  half  distant  from  the  inner  commissure 
of  the  eyelids,  and  continuous  with  the  lachry- 
mal ducts.  These  ducts,  (F.)  Conduits  lacry- 
maux,  Lacrymo'lts  Cana/ic'uH,  Canales  seu 
Ductus  lacryma'Ies,  D.  lacryma'Ies,  Ductus  lac- 
rymales  lateral les,  D.  puncto'rum,  lacryma'lium, 
Cor'nua  lacryma'lia,  CullWise  punctor'um  lacry- 


ma'lium,  Canaliduli  lima'cum,  Cornua  Lima'- 
cum,  are  two  in  number — a  superior  and  an  ?'n- 
ferior — which  extend  from  the  puncta  to  the 
lachrymal  sac.  They  seem  formed  by  a  very 
delicate  prolongation  of  the  conjunctiva,  which 
is  continuous  with  the  mucous  membrane  of 
the  lachrymal  sac,  (F.)  Reservoir  des  larmes: — 
the  Saccus  seu  Sinus  seu  Lacus  lacryma! lis,  ln- 
fundib'ulum  lacryma'ls,  Saccus  lacryma'lis. 

Lachrymal  Veins  accompany  the  artery  of 
the  same  name,  and  open  into  the  ophthalmic 
and  palpebral  veins. 

LACHRYMA'TIO,  Epiphora.  Also,  a  pro- 
fuse secretion  of  tears  from  any  cause: — Weep- 
ing. 

LACINLE  TUBARUM  FALLOPII,  see 
Tube,  Fallopian. 

LACIS,  Plexus. 

LACMUS  TINCTORIUS,  Lichen  roccella. 

LACONICUM,  Vaporarium,  see  Stove. 

LACQ,  Laqueus. 

LAC RUMA,  Tear. 

LACRYMA,  Tear. 

LACTATION,  Tithenesis,  Thela'sis,  Thelas'- 
mus,  Lacta'tio;  from  lacteo,  {lac,  'milk,')  'I 
suckle,'  '  1  give  milk.'  Suckling; — the  giving  of 
suck,  (F .)  Allaitement.  The  French  have  four 
varieties  of  lactation.  1.  Jill aiternent  malernel, 
— Maternal  Lactation,  when  the  mother  suckles 
the  child.  2.  A.  etranger,  mercenaire, — when 
another  suckles  it.  3.  A.  artiftciel,  when  the 
child  is  brought  up  by  hand.  4.  A.  animal, 
when  the  child  is  suckled  by  an  animal. 

LACTEALS,  Chyliferous  vessels. 

LACTEUS,  Lactic. 

LACTIC,  Lac'teus,  from  lac,  'milk,'  apper- 
taining to  milk 

Lactic  Acid,  Ac"idum  Lac'teum,Acidofmilk, 
Acidum  Lactis.  This  has  been  recommended 
as  a  therapeutical  agent  in  atonic  dyspepsia, 
owing  to  its  being  presumed  to  be  one  of  the 
gastric  acids  secreted  in  health.  It  is  given 
either  in  the  form  of  lemonade  or  of  lozenges. 
The  acid  is  obtained  either  from  milk  or  from 
the  juice  of  the  red  beel. 

LACTICA.  Typhoid. 

LACTICINIA.  Parotid. 

LACTIFERE,  Lactiferous. 

LACTIF'EROUS,  Galactoph'orus  (q.  v.) 
Lac'tifer,  (F  )  Lactifere,  from  lac,  'milk,'  and 
fero,  '1  carry.' 

Lactiferous  Vessels  or  Ducts,  Tub'uli 
lactiferi  vel  Ductus  lactiferi,  (F.)  Vaisscaux  ou 
conduits  lactiferes,  are  the  excretory  ducts  of 
the  Mammary  Gland,  which  see. 

Lactiferous  or  Lacteal  Swelling.  A  tu- 
mefaction of  the  breast,  supposed  by  Sir  Astley 
Cooper  to  arise  from  a  large  collection  of  milk 
in  one  of  the  lactiferous  tubes,  the  result  of 
chronic  inflammation  of  the  tube  near  the  nip- 
ple, with  closure  of  its  aperture,  and  oblitera- 
tion of  the  canal  for  an  inch  or  more.  The  tube 
requires  to  he  punctured. 

LACTIF'UGA,  La&tifuge,  from  lac,  'milk,' 
and  fugo,  <  I  drive  away.'  Medicines  which 
dispel  milk. 

LACTIGO,  Porrio-o  larvalis. 

LAOTIN'IA,  from  lac,  'milk.'  Food  pre- 
pared with  milk. 

LACTIPOTOR,  Galactopotes. 

LACTIS  REDUNDANT1A,  Galactia, 

LACTIVORUS.  Galactopha<mus. 

LACTOMETER,  Galactometer. 


LACTUCA 


4bO 


LAMENESS 


LACTU'CA,  from  lac  'milk;'  so  called,  from 
its  milky  juice.  Lactuca  Sati'va,  Lettuce,  Gar- 
den Lettuce.  Eunu'chium  Meco'nis,  Thridax, 
Cheibas,  (F.)  Laitue  ordinaire,  is  used  as  a 
wholesome  salad.  The  seeds  possess  a  quan- 
tity of  oil,  which,  when  formed  into  an  emul- 
sion, has  been  advised  in  ardor  urina?,  &c. 

The  inspissated  juice,  Lactuca.' rium,  Tkrid'- 
acS,  resembles,  in  odour  and  appearance,  that 
of  opium,  and  is,  like  it,  narcotic,  but  uncertain. 
Dose,  gr.  j  to  x  and  more. 

Lactuca  Elongata,  see  L.  virosa. 

Lactuca  Graveolens,  L.  virosa  —  1.  Sylves- 
tris,  L.  scariola. 

Lactuca  Scariola,  L.  Syhes'lris,  Scariola, 
(F.)  Laitue  Scariole,  L.  Sauvage,  possesses  a 
stronger  degree  of  bitterness  than  L.  sativa. 
It  has  similar  virtues  with  the  next. 

Lactuca  Viro'sa,  L.graveolms,  Strong-scented 
Lettuce,  (F.)  Laitue  vireuse.  The  odour  of  this 
plant,  the  leaves  of  which  are  used  in  medicine, 
is  strongly  narcotic,  and  the  taste  bitter.  They 
are  narcotic,  diuretic,  and  aperient;  and  have 
been  used  in  dropsies.  Lactu'ca  elonga'ta,  or 
Wild  Lettuce  of  the  United  States,  has  been  em- 
ployed for  L.  virosa. 

LACTUCIMEN,  Aphtha. 

LACTUCTMINA,  Aphtha. 

LACTUMEN,Forrigo  larvalis. 

LACTUMINA,  Aphtha. 

L ACU'NA,  from  lacus,  '  a  lake  or  deep  ditch.' 
A  Fossa  or  Ditch.  Anatomists  have  given  this 
name  to  small  cavities  in  the  mucous  mem- 
branes, the  parietes  of  which  secrete  a  viscid 
humour.  Certain  lacuna  are  but  the  excretory 
orifices  of  mucous  crypts.  They  are  very  visi- 
ble in  the  rectum,  vagina,  urethra,  &c.  Some- 
times lacuna  is  used  synonymously  with  crypt. 

Lacuna,  Fontanella — 1.  Cerebri,  Infundibu- 
lum  of  the  brain,  Pituitary  gland  — 1.  Folliculus, 
Crypta. 

Lacuna  Labh  Suferio'ris.  The  hollow  of 
the  upper  lip  under  the  nose. 

LACUNAR  VENTR1CULI  QUARTI  SU- 
PERIOR, Valvula  Vieussenii. 

LACUjYE  DE  LA  LANGUE,  Cacum  fora- 
men. 

LACUS  LACRYMAL1S,  Lachrymal  sac. 

Lacus  Lacryma''rum.  A  small  space  in  the 
inner  angle  of  the  eye  between  the  lids,  towards 
which  the  tears  flow,  and  at  which  the  triangu- 
lar canal  formed  between  the  closed  lids  termi- 
nates. 

LA  DA,  Piper  nigrum. 

LADANUM,  see  Cistus  creticus. 

LADENDO,  Influenza. 

LADIES'  MANTLE,  Alchemilla. 

LADIES'  SLIPPER,  YELLOW,  Cypripe- 
dium  luteum. 

LADIES'  SMOCK,  Cardamine  pralensis. 

LADRERIE  (F.),  from  ia,dqo?,  '  deformed.' 
(F.)  Lcproserie,  Maladrerie.  A  vulgar  name 
for  the  elephantiasis  (q.  v  ),  or  Lepra.  Also, 
an  hospital  for  the  reception  of  the  leprous,  Le- 
pra sdrium. 

LADYBIRD,  Coccinella  septempunctata. 

LADYBUG.  Coccinella  septempunctata. 

LADYCOW,  CoocineMa  septempunctata. 

LiEMOS,  Pharynx. 

LESION,  Lesion. 

L.ETIFICAN'TIA,  from  hvtifico,  (hetus,  and 
facio,)  '  I  make  glad.'  Medicines  formerly  used 
as  cordials,  in  depression  of  spirits,  &c. 


LA  GNEIA,  Coition. 

LAGNESIS,  Furor  Fccmininus,  Nymphoma- 
nia— 1.  Furor  masculinus,  Satyriasis — 1.  Salaci- 
tas,  Satyriasis. 

LAGOCHEILUS,  Harelip. 

LAGONES,  Flanks. 

LAGONOPONOS,  Pleurodynia. 

LAGOPHTHAL'MIA.  from  layw?,  (a  hare,' 
and  oqdaluo:,  'an  eye,'  Hare's  Eye.;  Lepori'nus 
Oculus,  (F.)  (Eil  de  Lievre.  A  vicious  arrange. 
mentofthe  upper  eyelid,  which  is  so  retracted 
that  it  cannot  cover  the  globe  of  the  eye  during 
sleep.  It  has  been  asserted,  that  this  condition 
of  the  eye  is  natural  in  the  hare  when  asieep. 

LAGOPUTHALMUS,  Geum  urbanum. 

LAGOSTOMA,  Harelip. 

LAICHE,  Sarsaparilla  Germanica — /.  des  Sa- 
bles, Sarsaparilla  Germanica. 

LAIT,  Milk — /.  Adnucisant,Jj00c'n  ex  ovo— .'. 
d'Anesse,  Milk,  asses' — I.  d'Amandes,  Emulsic 
amygdala — I.  d' Asafatida,  Mistura  asafretida— 
/.  de  Beurre,  Buttermilk  —  /.  de  Brebis,  Milk, 
ewes' — /.  Caille,  Curds — /.  de  Checre,  Milk,  goats' 
— /.  £panch6,  L.rfpandu —  I.  de  Femmc,  Milk, 
human — /.  de.Jument,  Milk,  mares' — l.de  Poule.. 
see  Ovum — /.  de  VacAe,  Milk  of  the  cow—/.  Vir- 
ginal, Virgin's  milk. 

LA  IT  R£PANDU,  (F.)  Lait  cpnnchc.  A 
popular  expression  in  France,  under  which  is 
comprehended  every  kind  of  disease  (and  parti- 
cularly vague  pains)  occurring  after  delivery; 
ail  being  ascribed  to  diffusion  or  deposition  of 

milk. 

LAITEROJT  DOUX,  Sonchus  oleraceus. 

LAITIAT,  (F.)  Sour  whey,  in  which  differ- 
ent wild  fruits  have  been  macerated.  Said  to  be 
much  used  in  the  Jura  as  a  refreshing-  drink. 

LAITUE  ORDINAIRE,  Lettuce— 7.  Sauvage, 
Lactuca  scariola — /.  Scriole,  Lactuca  scariola 
— /.  Virense.  Lactuca  virosa. 

LAKEWEED,  Polygonum  hydropiper. 

LA  LIA,  Voice,  articulated. 

LALLA'TION,  LaUa'lio,  Lambdads' rnus,  Lul- 
laby speech.  Sauvages  uses  this  term  for  a  vi- 
cious pronunciation,  in  which  the  letter  L.  is 
improperly  doubled,  or  softened,  or  substituted 
for  R. 

LAMBDACISMUS,  LnTlation. 

LAMHDOID  or  LAMBDOl'DAL,  Lamb- 
do'fdes,  from  the  Greek  letter  a,  Xaptfldot,  anc 
eiSog,  'shape,'  'resemblance.'  Anatomists  have 
given  the  name  Lambdoidal  Suture,  Sutu'ra 
lambdo'ida'lis,  S.  Prorse,  to  the  suture,  formed  by 
the  parietal  bones  and  the  occipital,  because  it 
resembles  the  letter  a,  lambda,  of  the  Greeks. 
It  is  the  Occip' ifo-parietal  suture, — Suture  nccipi- 
tale,  (Ch.)  In  this  suture,  the  ossa  Wormian^ 
are  most  frequently  met  with;  and  the  denticu- 
lations  are  most  distinctly  marked. 

LAMBEAU,  (F.)  A  flap  of  flesh-— hence 
Plaies  a  lambeaux,  Flap-wounds, — Amputation  a 
lambeanx, — Flap  operation  of  amputation. 

LAMB1TIVUM,  Eclectos. 

LAM  SKILL,  Kahnia  latifolia. 

LAME,  Lamma — /.  Cornee,  Trenia  semicircu- 
laris — /    Riii/schienne,  Ruyschiana  tunica. 

LAMELLA,  Lamina. 

LAMELLAR,  Lamello'sus,  Lam'inated,  (P.) 
Lametleux,  Lamineux,  composed  of  thin  lami- 
na or  leaves — as  the  Lamellar  or  lam'inated  Tis- 
sue,- i.  e.  the  cellular  tissue. 

LA  ME  L  L  E  UK,  Lame!  1  ar. 

LAMENESS,  Claudication. 


LAMINA 


431 


LAPAROSCOPE 


LAM'INA,  Lamella,  (F.J  Lame.  A  thin,  flat 
part  of  a  bone;  a  plate  or  table,  (q.  v.),  as  the 
cribriform  lamina  or  plate  of  the  ethmoid  bone. 
Lamina  and  Lamella  are  generally  used  syno- 
nymously; although  the  latter  is  properly  a 
diminutive  of  the  former, 

Lamina  Cribrosa,  see  Ciibl6  —  l  Prima  cutis, 
Epidermis. 

Lamina  Spika'i.is,  Septum  scalae,  Septum 
tochfleae  oudito'risp.  A  paitition  between  the 
of  the  cochlea.  The  largest  part  of  this 
next  the  modiolus  is  formed  of  bone.  The  re- 
mainder, or  that  part  next  the  opposite  side  of 
ihe  scaiffi,  is  composed  of  a  cartilaginous  mem- 
brane, called,  by  Valsalva,  Zona  Cockles.  By 
some  anatomists,  the  lamina  is  divided  into  a 
Zona  os'sea,  and  Z.  mollis.  By  others,  it  is  con- 
sidered to  consist  of  four  lamina?,  when  ex- 
amined with  a  strong  glass:  a  Zona  vssea,  next 
to  the  modiolus — a  Zona  cor i a' cm,  on  the  outer 
Bide  of  this:  a  Zona  vcsicula'ris — and  a  Zona 
memhrana'cea,  which  is,  perhaps,  the  lining 
membrane  of  the  cochlea. 

Lamina  SpongioSjE  Nasi,  Turbinated  bones. 

LAMINA'RIA  DIGITA'TA.  Tangle.  One 
of  the  Algse  eaten  in  Scotland,  and  hawked 
about  the  streets  with  the  Pepper-dulse,  (q.  v.) 

LAMINATED,  Lamellar. 

LAMIjXEUX,  Lamellar. 

LA'MIUM  ALBUM,  Vrtica  mor'tua,  Go- 
hop' ids,  Archangttica,  Dead  Nettle,  White  Archf- 
WgelNettle,  (F.)  Ortic  blanche,  Ortie  morte.  In- 
fusions of  this  plant  have  been  recommended 
in  uterine  hemorrhage,  and  in  leucorrhcea.  It 
is  not  used. 

Lamsum  Montanum,  Melittis  melissophyllum 
— I.  Rnbrum.  Gateopsis. 

LAMOTTE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
These  thermal  springs  are  in  the  department  of 
Isere,  France.     Temperature,  184°. 

L.7KPOURDE,  Xanthium. 

LAMPROPHO'NUS,  from  Iuuttqo:,  'clear,' 
and  (/ion  »;,  '  voice.'     One  who  has  a  clear  voice. 

LAMPSANA,  Lapsana. 

LAMPYRIS,  C.cindela. 

LANA  PHILOSOPHORUM,  Zinci  oxydum. 

LANARIA,  Saponaria,  Verbascum  nigrum. 

LAjXCE  DE  MAURICE  AU.  {¥.)  An  in- 
strument invented  by  Mauriceau  for  perforating 
the  head  of  the  fetus.     A  perforator. 

LANCET,  Lance' da,  Lancet' la,  Scliaste'rion. 
(F.)  Lanceite,— diminutive  of  lancca,  '  a  lance.' 
A  suigical  instrument,  used  in  the  operation  of 
phlebotomy.  It  is  composed  of  two  parts,  the 
handle,  (F.)  C/tasse,  and  Ihe  blade,  (F )  Lame. 
The  former  is  made  of  two  small  plates  of 
ivory,  bone,  or  shell,  moveable  on  the  blade,  for 
whose  preservation  they  are  intended.  The 
blade  is  formed  of  well  polished  steel.  Lancets 
are  made  of  different  shapes;  some  being  broad- 
shouldered— oihers,  spear-pointed.  The  French 
distinguish  three  kinds:  1.  Luncette  a.  grain 
d'orge,  which,  on  account  of  the  almost  oval 
shape  of  its  point,  makes  a  large  opening.  2 
The  L.  a  Ian  gut  de  serpent,  which  is  very  nor- 
row  towards  the  point;  and,  3.  The  L  a  grain 
■  ■' ,  whjch  holds  a  medium  station  between 
the  two  former, and  is  generally  preferred. 

The  Abscess  Lancet  is  merely  a  large  lancet 
for  the  purpose  of  opening  abscesses. 

LANCEOLA,  Lancet  = 

LAJfCETTJ,  Lancet. 

LAA'CETTE,  Lancet. 


LANCETTIER,  (F.)  A  lancet  case. 
LANC1XA.XT.  Lancinating. 
LAN'CINATING.  Lan'cinans,  from  lanci- 
nare,  (tancea.  'a  lance,')  'to  strike  or  thrubt 
through.'  (F.)  Lancinant,  (substantive,  Elance- 
nit  ill  )  A  species  of  pain,  which  consists  in 
lancinations  or  shootings,  similar  to  those  that 
would  be  produced  by  the  introduction  of  a 
sharp  instrument  into  the  suffering  part.  It  is 
especially  in  cancer  that  this  kind  of  pain  is 
felt. 

LAND'S  END.  CLIMATE  OF.  The  cli- 
mate of  the  Land's  End,  in  England,  resembles 
that  of  the  south  of  Devonshire,  but  is  more 
relaxing.  It  is  considered  to  be  most  likely  to 
prove  beneficial  in  consumptive  cases,  in  which 
the  disease  is  accompanied  by  an  initated  state 
of  the  pulmonary  mucous  membrane,  producing 
a  dry  cough.  Where  the  system  is  relaxed, 
and  the  secretion  from  the  lungs  considerable, 
the  climate,  it  is  conceived,  will  generally  prove 
injurious.  As  a  brumal  retreat,  the  southern 
coast  of  Devonshire  would  seem  to  be  prefeia- 
ble  to  it. 

LANGE\C,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF — 
Acidulous,  mineral  waters  at  Langeac,  in  the 
department  of  Haute  Loire,  France.  They  are 
employed  as  refrigerant,  aperient,  and  diuretic. 
They  contain  carbonic  acid,  caibonate  of  soda 
and  macrnesia,  and  a  little  iron. 

LANGII  AQUA  EfTLEPTICA,  Epitep'lic 
Water  of  hanging,  formerly  employed  against 
epilepsy.  It  was  composed  of  the  flowers  of 
convnl/aria  and  lavender,  Sjianitk  Wine,  cin- 
namon, nutmeg,  mistletoe,  peony  and  dittany 
roots,  lonn  pepper,  cvbebs,  and  rosemary  flowers. 

LAJVGUE,  Tongue — /.  Maisseur  tit  la,  Glos- 
socatochus — /.  de  Carpe,  see  Lever—/,  de  Cerf, 
Asplcnium  scolopendrium — /.  de  Chien,  Cyno- 
glossum — /.  f/cSer/jcnr.Ophioglossuin  vulgatum. 

LAJ\'GUEUR,  Languor. 

LANGUOR,  ApU'csis.  (F.)  Longueur.  A 
species  of  atony,  (q.  v.)  depression,  or  debility, 
which  generally  comes  on  slowly. 

LANTA'NA,  Sage  tree,  Blueberry,  Caitteau. 
The  leaves  of  this  indigenous  plant  form  a  fine- 
scented  tea  like  L.  Camara  or  Bahama  Tea; 
and  L.  rscudeithe'a  or  Brazil  Tea.  The  tea  is 
used  as  a  diaphoretic. 

LANUGO  PRIMA,  Geneias-1.  Pudendorum, 
Pubes— 1.  Siliquse  hirsuta;,  see  Dolichos  pruriens. 

LANUV1UM,  Vulva. 

LAONI'CA  CURA'TIO.  A  mode  of  treating 
the  gout,  which  consisted  in  the  employment 
of  local  applications,  proper  for  evacuating  the 
morbific  matter.^') 

LAOS  Tin. 

L  A PACTICUS,  Cathartic. 

LAPARA.  Abdomen,  Flanks.  Lumbi. 

LAPAROCE'LE,  from  lan*q*.,  'the  lumbar 
region,'  and  *>/.>/,  'a  tumour.'  Lumbal  Hernia, 
through  a  separation  of  the  fibres  of  the  quad- 
ratic lumborum.  and  a  protrusion  of  the  apo- 
neurosis of  the  transverse  muscle,  on  the  out- 
side of  the  mass  common  to  the  sacro-lumbalis 
and  longissimus  dorei. — Cloquet. 

LAPARO-ENTEROT'OMY.  Lap'aro  entero- 
tom'idi  from  lanaoa,  the  '  lumbar  region,'  the 
'abdomen;-  citsciov,  'intestine,'  and  xcftn,  'in- 
cision.' The  operation  of  opening  the  abdomen 
and  intestinal  canal,  for  the  removal  of  disease. 

LAPAROCYSTOTOM1A,  see  Lithotomy. 

LAPAROSCOPIA,  Abdominoscopia. 


LAPAROTOMY 


432 


LARYNGITIS 


LAPAROTOMY,  see  Gastrotomy. 

LAPATHOS,  Rumex  acutus — 1.  Aquaticum, 
Rumex  hydrolapathum — 1.  Chinense,  Rheum — 
1.  Orientaie,  Rheum  —  1.  Sanijuineum,  Rumex 
sanguineus — 1.  Unetuosum,  Chenopodium  bo- 
nus Henricus. 

LAPIDIL'LUM.  Blasius  has  given  this 
name  to  a  kind  of  scoop,  used,  in  his  time,  for 
extracting  stone  from  the  bladder. 
-JLA PIS, Calculus — 1.  Accipitrum,Hierscites— 
].  Aerosus,  Calamina — 1.  Ammoniaci,see  Amino- 
niac  gum — l.Animalis,  Blood — 1.  Armenius,  JVle- 
lochites — 1.  Aureus,  Urine — 1.  Bezoardicus,  Be- 
zoar — l.Cserule  us,  Cupri  sulphas — I.Calaminaris, 
Calamina — 1.  Carneolus,  Cornelian — 1.  Causti- 
cus,  Polassacumcalce — l.Caustious,  Potassa  fusa 
— 1.  Collymus,  iEtiles — 1.  Contrayervss,  P.  con- 
trayervae  compositus — 1.  Cyanus,  L.  lazuli — 1. 
Fulmineus,  Ceiaunion — 1.  Hematites,  Haema- 
tites— 1.  Heracleus,  Magnet — 1.  Infernalis,  Ar- 
genti  nitras — 1.  Infernalis  alkalinus,  Potassa 
fusa — 1.  Infernalis  sive  septicus,  Potassa  cum 
calce — I.  Judaicus,  Judaeus  (lapis.) 

Lapis  Laz'uli,  Lapis  Ci/unus,  Asulci,  Laz'- 
itlite,  (F.)  Fierre  d'azur,  Outremer.  A  stone,  of 
a  beautiful  blue  colour;  opake;  and  close- 
grained;  fracture  dull.  It  is  composed  of  silex; 
alurnine;  carbonate  and  sulphate  of  lime;  oxide 
of  iron,  and  water.  It  was  formerly  looked  upon 
as  a  purgative  and  emetic,  and  given  in  epilepsy. 

Lapis  Malucensis,  Bezoard  of  the  Indian 
porcupine — I.Nauticus,  Magnet — 1.  Phcenicites, 
JudoDus  (lapis) — 1.  Porcinus,  Bezoard  of  the  In- 
dian porcupine  —  1.  Prunella?,  Polassse  nitras 
i'usus  sulphatis  paucillo  mixtus — 1.  Sardius,  Cor- 
nelian—1.  Septicus,  Causticum  commune — 1. 
Septicus,  Potassa  fusa — 1.  Specularis,  S.  luci- 
dum — 1.  Syderitis,  Magnet — 1.  Syriacus,  Judceus 
(lapis) — 1.  Vini,  Potassse  supertartras  impurus. 

LAPPA,  Galium  aparine,  Lippitudo — 1.  Mi- 
nor, Xanthium. 

LAPPULA  HEPAT1CA,  Agrimony. 

LAPSA'NA,  Lumpsa'na,  Na'pium,  Papilla'- 
risherba,  Dock-cresses, Nipple-Wort.  (F.)  Lamp- 
sane,  Hcrlir  aux  Mtimclles.  This  plant  is  a  lac- 
tescent bitter.  It  has  been  chiefly  employed, 
however,  as  an  external  application  to  sore 
nipples,  &c. 

LAQ,  Laqueus. 

LAQUE,  Lacca. 

LA'QUEUS,  Funis.  A  cord,  ligature  or 
bandage,  with  running  knots; — a  Noose,  a  loop, 
Brochos,  Paeh'etos.  (F)  Lag  or  Larq.  The 
term  is  applied  to  a  bandage  or  fillet  of  any 
kind,  attached  by  means  of  a  loop  upon  anv 
part,  with  the  view  of  fixing  it;  as  in  certain 
cases  of  labour,  where  a  hand  or  foot  presents;  or 
to  facilitate  extension  in  luxations  and  fractures. 

Laqukus  Gut'iuuis,  'Noose  of  the  throat.' 
Violent  inflammation  of  the  tonsils,  in  which 
the  patient  appears  as  if  suffocated  by  a  noose. 

LARCH,  Pinus  larix. 

LAUD,  Adeps  suilla. 

LARDACE,  Lardaceous. 

LARDA'CEOUS,  Lard' if  arm.  Lar>inoid,  (F  ) 
Lardacc,-  from  lurdum,  '  lard;'  the  fat  of  bacon. 
An  epithet  given  to  certain  organic  alterations 
in  the  textures,  whose  aspect  and  consistence 
resemble  lard. 

LARD  I  FORM.  Lardaceous. 

LARGE,  Broad. 

LARINOID,  Lardaceous. 


LARIX,  Pinus  larix. 

LARKSPUR,  BRANCHING,  Delphinium 

consolida. 

LARME,  Tear. 

LARMOIEMENT,  Epiphora. 

LA-ROCHE  POSAY,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OP.  Simple  sulphurous  waler3  in  the  depart- 
ment of  Vienne,  France. 

LARVA,  Mask. 

LARYNGR,  Laryngeal. 

LAPiYNGE'AL,  Laryngeus.  (F  )  Laryngt, 
Laryngien.  Same  etymon  as  Larynx,  (q.  v.) 
That  which  belongs  to  the  larynx 

Laryngeal  Arteries  are  given  off  from  the 
thyroid  arteries. 

Laryngeal  Nerves,  (F.)  Nerfs  laryngis, 
are  two  in  number; — a  superior  and  inferior. 
The  superior  laryngeal  nerve  is  given  off"  from 
the  trunk  of  the  pneumogastric,  at  the  upper 
and  deep  part  of  the  neck.  It  passes  down- 
wards and  inwards,  behind  the  internal  carotid 
artery, and  divides  into  two  secondary  branches: 
the  one,  external,  which  distributes  its  filaments 
on  the  outside  of  the  larynx,  to  the  sterno- 
thyroid, hyo-tbyroid,  constrictor  inferior,  crico- 
thyroid muscles,  &c.  The  other,  the  internal, 
which  crosses  the  thyro-hyoid  membrane,  and 
gives  filaments  to  the  epiglottis,  the  mucous 
membranes  of  the  pharynx  and  larynx,  to  the 
arytenoid  gland,  the  arytenoid  and  crico-thyroid 
muscles,  and  ultimately  anastomoses  with  the 
inferior  laryngeal  nerve.  The  inferior  laryngeal 
nerves  or  recur' rents,  Nervi  reversi'vi,  Rameaux 
Trachcuvx  (Chaus.,)  arise  from  the  trunk  of 
the  pneumogastric  within  the  thorax.  They 
ascend  in  the  furrow,  which  separates  the  tra- 
chea from  the  oesophagus,  to  be  distributed  on 
the  neck,  after  having  been  reflected; — the  left 
around  the  arch  of  the  aorta;  the  right,  around 
the  corresponding  subclavian.  They  send  off 
filaments  to  the  cardiac  plexuses;  to  the  pari- 
etes  of  the  oesophagus,  and  trachea;  to  the  thy- 
roid gland;  to  the  inferior  constrictor  of  the 
pharynx;  the  posterior  and  lateral  cricoaryte- 
noid and  thvro-arytenoid  muscles;  and  to  the 
mucous  membrane  of  the  pharynx  and  larynx. 

Laryngeal  Vejns  open  into  the  internal 
jugular.  Winslow  gives  the  name  laryngeal  to 
the  superior  tlnjroid  artery,  (q.  v.) 

LARYNGEAL,  Laryngeal— 1.  Voice,  see 
Voice. 

LARYNGISMUS  STRIDULUS,  Asthma 
thymicum. 

LARYNGFTE,  Laryngitis  —  /.  Munueuse, 
Laryngitis  (simple) — /.  (Edcmateusc,  Qildemaof 
the  glottis  —  /.  (Edernateuse  et  sei o-purulente, 
OZdema  of  the  glottis — /.  avee  production  dc 
Fausscs  membranes,  Cynanche  trachealis — /• 
Pseudo-membraneuse,  Cynanche  trachealis  —  /. 
avec  secretion  de  Pas,  Phthisis  laryntrea — /.  Sus- 
glottique,  (Edema  of  the  glottis—/.  Stridvleuse, 
Asthma  thymicum — I.Sous-muquevse,  OZdema 
of  the  jrlottis. 

LARYNCI'TIS,  from  Larynx,  and  itis,  a 
suffix  denoting  inflammation;  Inflamma'tio  La- 
ri/n'gis,  Cynanche  laryngda.  Angina  laryngea, 
(F.)  Laryngite,  Catarrhe  laryngien,  Angine 
laryngd,  Inflammation  of  the  Larynx.  This  dis- 
ease, in  some  measure,  resembles  croup;  but  is 
usually  devoid  of  that  peculiar,  sonorous  inspi- 
ration, which  attends  the  latter.  There  is.  also, 
pain  upon  pressing  the  larynx;  and,  whilst  la- 
ryngitis  is   a  disease  of  more  advanced   life, 


LARYNGITIS,  CHRONIC 


433 


LATISSIMUS  DORSI 


croup  attacks  children.  The  membraniform 
exudation  is,  also,  absent;  probably,  because  the 
inflammation,  being  seated  above  the  fjlottis, 
the  coagulated  lymph  is  readily  expectorated. 
It  requires  the  most  active  treatment. 

Simple  Laryngitis  is  called  by  some  mucous 
Laryngitis,  (F. )  Laryngite  muyveusc,  to  distin- 
guish it  from  submucous  Laryngitis  or  CEdema 
of  the  glottis. 

Laryngitis,  Chronic,  Phthisis  laryngea — 1. 
Mucous,  Laryngitis  (simple)— 1.  (Edematous, 
(Edema  of  the  glottis— 1.  Submucous,  (Edema 
of  the  glottis—/,,  et  Tracheitis  infantilis,  Cynan- 
che  trachealis. 

LARYNGOG'RAPHY,  Laryngogra'phia ; 
from  X(tqvy%,  'the  larynx,'  and  yoaq>],  'a  de- 
scription.' An  anatomical  description  of  the 
larynx. 

LARYNGOL'OGY,  from  XaqvV%,  'the  la- 
rynx,' and  Xoyos,  'a  treatise.'  A  treatise  on 
the  larynx. 

LARYNGOPH'ONY,  Tracheoph' ony ,  Laryn- 
geal voice,  Tra'cheai  voice,  from  Larynx,  and 
(pwvrj,  'voice.'  The  sound  heard  in  health, 
when  the  stethoscope  is  placed  over  the  larynx 
or  trachea,  at  the  time  a  person  speaks.  The 
voice  appears  to  pass  immediately  up  to  the  ear 
of  the  auscultalor.  A  similar  physical  sign 
exists  when  there  is  a  cavity  in  the  lungs,  and 
the  instrument  is  placed  over  it,  whilst  the  pa- 
tient speaks.     See  Pectoriloquy. 

LARYNGOSTASIS,  Cynanche  trachealis. 

LARYNGOT'OMY,  Laryngolom'ia,  from 
XaQvyi,  'the  larynx,'  and  rsftvtiv,  'to  cut.'  A 
surgical  operation,  which  consists  in  opening 
the  larynx,  either  to  extract  a  foreign  body,  or 
to  remedy  an  obstruction  of  the  glottis.  "The 
operation  is,  sometimes,  erroneously  called 
Broniholomy  and    Tracheotomy. 

LYRYNGO-TRACHEITIS,  Cynanche  tra- 
chealis. 

Larynoo-Traciieitis  with  Diphtheritic 
Exudation.  Cynanche  trachealis. 

LAR'YNX,  kaqvyk,  ('a  whistle.')  Caput  seu 
Ope/culum  seu  Initium  seu  Finis  superior  seu 
Tcr' mi  nits  snipe/ior  seu  Pars  primi  as'perx  arte'- 
rtx.  The  apparatus  of  voice  is  situate  at  the 
superior  and  anterior  part  of  the  neck;  and  at 
the  top  of  the  trachea,  with  which  it  communi- 
cates. Jt  is  composed  of  four  cartilages, — the 
thyroid,  cricoid,  and  two  arytenoid;  is  moved 
by  a  number  of  muscles,  and  lined  by  a  mucous 
membrane,  having  certain  membranous  reflec- 
tions, constituting  the  superior  ligaments  of  the 
glottis,  &c. 

Parts  composing  the  Larynx. 

fThyroid. 

«•>,.,  !  Cricoid. 

J .  Lartilarres <m         «      .        -i 

°     '  ]  Two  Arytenoid. 

(^Epiglottis. 
C  ( Sterno-thyroid. 

j  Constrictors  of  the 
Extrinsic,  ■{       pharynx. 

All    the    muscles  of 
the  hyoid  region. 

2.  Muscles.    J  f  Cricothyroid. 

Crico-arytenoid,  pos- 
terior. 
■{  Crico  arytenoid,    la- 
Intrinsic,     I       teral.  " 

I  Thvro-arytenoid. 
(_  (_  Arytenoid. 


3.  A  Mucous  Membrane. 

C  Epiglottic. 

4.  Glands, ■?  Arytenoid. 

(  Thyroid. 

5.  Membranes 5  Thyrohyoid- 

£  Grico-thyroid. 

r    t  •  i  (Crico-arytenoid. 

0.  Ligaments, )  „,  '  ., 

£  1  hyro-arytenoid. 

The  vessels  and  nerves  of  the  larynx  are 
called  laryngeal. 

The  larynx  is  destined  to  give  passage  to  the 
air  in  the  act  of  respiration,  and  to  impress 
upon  it  certain  modifications,  which  constitute 
the  voice.  Its  dimensions  vary  in  different  in- 
dividuals. In  men,  it  is  always  larger  and 
situate  lower  than  in  women. 

Larynx,  Pellicular  or  Plastic  Inflamma- 
tion of  the,  Cynanche  trachealis. 

LASER,  Laserpitium — I.  a  Larges  fcuilles, 
Laserpitium  laiifolinm. 

LASERPITIUM,  Laser,  Sil'phium,  onog  oiX- 
iptov.  A  term  applied,  anciently,  both  to  a 
plant  and  its  juice,  with  the  nature  of  neither 
of  which  we  possess  any  precise  information. 
Bentley,  Laurence,  GeofTroi,  &c,  regard  it  to 
have  been  the  same  as  asafectida: — Theophras- 
tus,  Dioscorides,  and  the  ancient  scholiast  of 
Aristophanes,  however,  by  assigning  a  sweet 
and  agreeable  flavour  to  the  laserpitium,  dis- 
countenance the  idea.  From  whatever  plant 
obtained,  it  was  so  rare,  and  consequently  so 
costly,  that  the  Romans  deposited  it  in  the 
public  treasury.  It  was  obtained  from  Cyrene — 
Succus  Cyrena'icus — and  likewise  from  Persia, — 
the  latter  beinj  the  most,  valuable.  The  Laser- 
pitium is  called,  by  Avicenna,  Altihit. 

Laserpi"tium  Latifo'lium,  Ge.ntia'na  alba, 
White  Gentian,  Cerva'ria  alba.  (F.)  Laser  a 
larges  feuilles.  The  root  of  this  plant  is  bitter 
and  tonic. 

Laserpitium  Siler.  Ses'eli,  Sikr  rnonta'num; 
Heart-wort,  Ser mountain.  The  seeds  and  roots 
are  possessed  of  aromatic  properties. 

LASSITUDE  OCULAIRE,  Copyopia. 

LASSITUDO,  Copos. 

LATKNS  IN  ORE.  Pteryjroideus  internus. 

LATENT,  Latens,  from  latere,  'to  lie  hid,' 
'lying  hid,'  'concealed.'  An  epithet  applied  to 
certain  diseases  or  states  of  disease,  in  which 
the  symptoms  are  so  concealed  and  obscure,  as 
to  escape  the  observation  of  the  physician. 
Thus,  we  say  latent  inflammation,  latent  period 
of  small-pox. 

'  LATERP'TIOUS,  Lateri"tius;  from  later,  «a 
brick.'  An  epithet  applied  to  the  brick-like 
pediment,  occasionally  deposited  in  the  urine  of 
people  afflicted  with  fever. 

LATESCENTIS  CHORDS,  Palmaris  lon- 
gus. 

LATHYPvIS,  Euphorbia  lathyris. 

LATIB'ULUM,  from  lateo,  >  I  lie  hid.'  The 
foyer  of  febrile  poison;  whence  it  spreads  to 
every  part  to  induce  a  paroxysm.     See  Clapier. 

LAT'ICA.  Same  etymon.  Amphimer'ina 
lat'ica  of  Sauvages..  A  species  of  quotidian  re- 
mittent, whose  paroxysms  are  very  long,  and 
which  is  accompanied  with  latent  heat  (?) 
whence  ils  name. 

LAT1CES   LACTEI,  Receptnculum  chyli. 

LATISSIMUS  COLLI,  Platysma  myoides. 

LATIS'SIMUS  DORSI,  Anise  nip' tor,  Dorsi- 
lumbo  sacro-hum6ral,  Brachium  viovens  quartus, 


LATTICE  WORK 


434 


LAURUS  SASSAFRAS 


fjombohumcral,  (Ch.,)  (F.)  Mutch  grand  dorsal, 
M.  tres  large  du.  dos.  A  flat  muscle;  broad,  es- 
pecially below:  thin ;  quadrilateral;  and  situate 
at  the  posterior,  lateral,  and  inferior  region  of 
the  trunk.  It  is  attached  to  the  posterior  half 
of  the  outer  lip  to  the  crest  of  the  ilium;  to  the 
posterior  surface  of  the  sacrum;  to  the  spinous 
processes  of  the  six  or  seven  last  dorsal  verte- 
brae, to  all  those  of  ihe  loins,  and  to  the  last  four 
false  ribs,  and  is  inserted  by  a  strong  tendon  at 
the  posterior  edge  of  the  bicipital  groove  of  the 
humerus.  Its  upper  fibres  are  almost  horizon- 
tal: the  middle  very  long  and  oblique  upwards 
and  outwards:  and  the  anterior  almost  vertical. 
This  muscle  carries  the  arm  backwards,  de- 
pressing it,  and  making  it  turn  on  its  axis.  It 
also  draws  backwards  and  downwards  the  pro- 
minence of  the  shoulder.  When,  suspended  by 
an  arm,  we  make  an  effort  to  raise  ourselves,  it 
draws  the  trunk  towards  the  arm.  It.  can,  also, 
raise  the  ribs  by  assuming  its  fixed  point  on 
the  humerus,  and  become  an  inspiratory  mus- 
cle. 

LATTICE  WORK,  Cancel!!. 

LATUS,  Broad— 1.  Ani,  Levator  ani. 

LAU,  see  Spirit. 

LAUCA'NIA,  Leuca'nia,  from  Xauui,  '  I  enjoy,' 
'  I  take.'  The  fauces  and  oesophagus.  Also,  the 
chin. — Gorraeus. 

LAUD'ANUM  or  LAUDA'NUM.  Perhaps 
from  laus, '  praise;'  laud  a' turn, '  praised.'  Every 
preparation  of  opium,  (q.  v.)  solid  or  liquid,  but 
more  particularly  the  extract  and  tincture,  and 
especially  the  latter. 

Laudanum  Abba'tis  Rousseau.  Guttic  Abba- 
tis  Rousseau,  Vinum  opia'tirm  ferment  atio'ne. 
para'tum,  Abbe  Rousseau's  Droj/s,  {Mel.  Nar- 
lionnens,  3xij.  aquas  calidaz  Oiij.  Set  in  a  warm 
place,  and,  as  soon  as  the  mixture  ferments, 
add  opium  ]§iv.,  dissolved  in  water  f.  3*xij.  Let 
it  ferment  for  a  month,  and  evaporate  to  f. 
Sx:  strain,  and  add  rectified  spirit  of  wine  f. 
£ivss.) 

Laudanum  Ford's,  Vinum  opii — 1.  Liquid, 
Tinctura  opii — 1.  Liquidum  Hoffmanni,  Vinum 
opii — 1.  Liquidum  Sydenhami,  Vinum  opii — 1. 
Opiatum,  Extractum  opii — 1.  Simplex,  Extrac- 
ting opii. 

LAUGH,  SARDONIC,  Canine  laugh. 

LAUGHING,  Risus. 

LAUH.EL,  Kalmia  latifolia  Magnolia  macro- 
phylla — 1.  Broad-leaved,  Kalmia  latifolia — 1. 
Cherry,  Primus  lauro-cerasus — 1.  Common, 
Prunus  lauro-cerasus — 1.  Dwarf,  Kalmia  angus- 
tifolia — 1.  Mountain,  Kalmia  latifolia,  Rhododen- 
dron—  1.  Narrow-leaved,  Kalmia  angustifolia — 
1.  Poison,  Prunus  lauro-cerasus — 1.  Rose.  Kal- 
mia latifolia — 1.  Sheep,  Kalmia  angustifolia— I 
Swamp,  Kalmia  glauca — 1.  Sweet,  lllicium 
Floridanum — 1.  Water,see  Prunus  lauro-cerasus 
— 1.  White,  Magnolia  glauca.  » 

LAURENT,  SAINT,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  A  thermal  spring,  five  leagues  from  Joy- 
euse  in  France.     Temp.  1'27°  Fahr. 

LAURENTIA  PINNATIF'IDA,  Pepper-duke. 
One  of  the  Alga?,  eaten  in  Scotland,  and  hawked 
about  the  streets  of  Edinburgh  along  with  La- 
niinaria,  digitata,  or  Tangle. 

LAUREOLA,  Daphne  laureola. 

LAURIER,  Laurus — /.  Alexandria,  Ruscns 
hypoglossum — /.  Amandier,  Prunus  luuro-cera- 
sus_7.  Cerise,  Prunus  lauro-cerasus—/.  Rose, 
.Nerium  oleander. 


LAURO-CERASUS,  Prunus  lauro-cerasus 
LAURUS,  Laurus  nob' ills,  Daph'ni,  the  Sweet 
Bay.  Nat.  Ord.  Laurinea?.  (F.)  Lauricr.  The 
leaves  and  berries  have  a  sweet,  fragrant  smell, 
and  an  aromatic,  astringent  taste.  Sweet  bay 
has  been  advised  as  a  stomachic  and  carmina- 
tive, but  is  now  rarely  used.  It  is,  sometimes, 
employed  as  a  fomentation  and  in  glysters;  and 
the  berries  are  an  ingredient  in  the  Emplastrum 
Cumini. 

Laurus  Ar.F.XANDKiNA  Angustifolia,  Rus- 
cus  hypoglossum — 1.  Camphora.  see  Camphor. 
Lauiius  Bkn'zoin,  Benzoin  odorif'emm,  Lau- 
rus Pseudo-benzoin,  Spice  wood,  Spice,  hush,  All- 
spice bush,  Wild  allspice,  Spice  berry,  Fever  wood, 
Fever  busk.  An  indigenous  shrub,  growing  in 
moist  shady  places  in  all  parts  of  the  United 
Slates;  flowering  early  in  spring  All  parts  of 
the  shrub  have  a  spicy,  agreeable  flavour,  which 
is  strongest  in  the  bark  and  berries.  An  infusion 
or  decoction  of  the  small  branches  is  used  in 
popular  practice  as  a  vermifuge,  and  agreeable 
drink  in  low  fevers.  The  bark  has  been  used 
in  intermittent?;  the  berries,  dried  and  pow- 
dered, for  allspice.  The  oil  of  the  berries  is 
used  as  an  excitant. 

Laurus  Cassia.  The  species  of  laurus  which 
yields  the  Cassia  lig'nea,  Cnsia,  Cassia  cinna- 
mo'mca.  Cortex  Canel'lx  Malabar'icse,  Cassia 
lignea  Malabar'ica,  Xylo-c.assia,  Cartel  la  Mala- 
barica  ct  Jwven'sis,  Canella,  Cuba'na,  Arbor  Ju- 
da'ica.  Cassia  Canel'la,  Canellifera  Malabai'ica, 
Cortex  crassior,  Cinnamo'mum  Malabar'icum,  C. 
ln'dicum,  C.  Sinen'se,  Caliha.c'ha  canel'la,  Wild 
Cinnamon,  Malabar  Cinnamon,  Cassia.  (F.) 
Cannelle  de  Malabar  ou  de  Java  ou  de  la  Chine 
ou  des  Fades,  ou  de  Coromandel,  C.  fausse.  C. 
matte,  Casse  en  bois,  Casse  aromatique.  The 
bark  and  leaves  abound  with  the  flavour  of  cin- 
namon, for  which  they  may  be  substituted ;  but 
they  are  much  weaker.  The  unopened  flower 
buds  are  used  in  the  same  manner. 

Laurus  Cinnamo'mum,  Cinnamo'mum,  C. 
Zeylan'icum,  Dorse' ni,  Darsi'ni,  Cinnamon, 
Xylo-cinnamomum,  Cuurdo  Canel'la.  (F. )  Can- 
nelle,  Baume  de  Cannelle,  Cannelle  officinale. 
Cinnamon  bark,  which  is  obtained  also  from 
the  Cinnamo'mum  aromuficum,  is  stimulant 
and  carminative,  and  is  employed,  chiefly,  as  a 
grateful  aromatic,  to  cover  the  taste  of  nause- 
ous remedies.  Dose,  gr.  x.  to  >}j.  The  Flowers, 
called  Cassias  Flores  in  the  shops,  possess  aro- 
matic and  astringent  virtues,  and  may  be  uspd 
wherever  cinnamon  is  required.  The  volatile 
oil  of  the  bark — Oleum  Cinnamomi — 0-1  of  Cin- 
namon, is  officinal  in  the  Pharm.  U.  S. 

L^ukus  Culil'awan,  Cinnamo'mum  Cult- 
lawan.  The  tree  that  affords  the  Cortex  Cull- 
lawan,  Culilawan,  Cullitlawan,  Cortex  caryo- 
pkyllo'ides,  C.  Caryophyllo'ides  Amboinen'sw. 
This  bark  resembles  the  sassafras  in  appear- 
ance and  properties,  and  is  used  in  Java  as  a 
condiment 

Laurus  Mai.ap.atiirum,  see  Malabathrum — 
1.  Nobilis,  Laurus — 1.  Pseudo-benzoin,  L.  Ben- 
zoin. 

Laurus  Sas'safras,  Sassafras,  Ague-free, 
Cin-nus  mas  odora'ta,  Anhuiba.  Indigenous  in 
the  United  States.  Sassafras  wood  and  root, 
and  especially  the  bark  of  the  root,  Sassafras 
Radc's  Cortex  (Ph.  U.  S.),  have  been  consi- 
dered stimulant,  sudorific  and  diuretic.  The 
virtues  depend  upon  essential  oil,  Ohuir.  Sassa- 


LAUTISSIMA  VINA 


43o 


LEDUM  PALUSTRE 


fras,  the  odour  of  which  is  not  unlike  that  of 
fennel.  It  has  been  used  in  cutaneous  diseases, 
chronic  rheumatism,  &c. 

The  pith  of  the  stems,  Sassafras  medulla, 
abounds  in  a  gummy  matter,  which  it  readily 
imparts  to  water,  forming  a  limpid  mucilage, 
which  is  much  employed  as  a  collyrium  in 
ophthalmia,  and  as  a  drink  in  dysentery,  ca- 
tarrh, &.C.,  (one  dram  of  the  pith  to  a  pint  of 
boiling  water  ) 

LAUTIS'SIMA  VINA.  Wines  were  for- 
merly so  called,  which  were  strongly  impreg- 
nated with  myrrh. 

LAVANDK,  Lavandula. 

LAVENDER,  SEA,StaliceCaroliniana. 

LAVANDULA,  Lavendula. 

LAVEMENT,  Clyster,  Enema— I.  Anlispas- 
modiejuc,  Enema  fcetidum. 

LAVENDER^  COMMON,  Lavendula— 1. 
Sea,  Slalice  limuhium. 

LAVEN'DULA,  from  lava,  'I  wash;'  so 
called  from  being  used  in  baths.  Laven'dula 
Bpica,  L.  vera,  Common  Lavender,  Lavendula, 
(Ph.  U.S.)  (F.)  Lavande,  Aspic,  Spin.  The 
odour  of  lavender  flowers  is  fragrant  and  agree- 
able ;  taste  warm  and  bitterish  —  depending 
upon  an  essential  oil.  It  has  been  used  as  a 
stimulant;  particularly  in  the  form  of  the  oil, — 
Oleum  lavendulx.  The  dried  leaves  have  been 
employed  as  an  errhine. 

The  French  use  the  Lavendula  stachas  or 
French  Lavender,  of  which  they  have  a  com- 
pound syrup,  Syru'pas  de  stcech'ade  compos' itus : 
given  as  a  pectoral. 

LAVER  GERMANICUM,  Veronica  becca- 
buno-a — 1.  Odoratum,  Sisymbrium  nasturtium. 

LAVIPEDIUM,  Pediluvium. 

LAW  MEDICINE,  Medicine,  legal. 

LAWSO'NIA  INER'MIS,  Alcan'na  vera,  A. 
Oiienta'lis,  Cyprus  antiquo1 rum ,  Ligus'trum 
JEgyptiacum,  Smooth  Lawsu'nia,  (F.)  Henni. 
An  East  Indian  and  African  plant,  the  root  of 
which  is  slightly  astringent. 

In  India,  the  root  of  the  Laicso'nia  spinosa  is 
employed  in  lepra  and  other  cutaneous  affec- 
tions. 

LAX,  Diarrhoea. 

LAXANS,  Relaxant. 

LAX'ATIVE,  Laxalirus,  from  laxare,  'to 
loosen.'  Minorati'vus,  Soluli'mis,Alcid'ucus.  A 
medicine  which  gently  opens  the  bowels;  such 
as  tamarinds,  manna.  &c. 

LAXAT1VUS  INDICUS,  Cambogia. 

LAXATOR  AUR1S  INTERN  US,  L.  tym- 
pani. 

Laxator  Minor  Tympani.  A  very  small 
muscle  which  extends  from  the  upper  part  of 
the  external  auditory  canal,  and  is  inserted  at 
the  inferior  part  of  the  process  of  the  handle  of 
the  malleus.  Its  existence  is  denied  by  most 
anatomists. 

Laxa'tor  Tvm'pani,  L.  major  tym'pard,  Ex- 
tn'nus  mallei,  Ante'riur  mallei,  Oldi'quus  auris, 
Externus  auris  vel  Laxator  inter'  nus,  Eusta'chii 
mas' cuius,  Sphini-salpingo-mallien,  (F  )  Jlnti- 
rieur  du  marteau.  A  muscle,  which  arises  from 
the  spine  of  the  sphenoid  bone  and  from  the 
cartilage  of  the  Eustachian  tube,  and  is  insert- 
ed, by  a  tendon,  into  the  apophysis  of  Rau.  It 
relaxes  the  membrana  tympani. 

LA.XITAS,  Atony— 1.  lngestorum,  Lienlery. 

LAX'ITY,  Lax'itas,  Laxncss.  Condition  of  a 
tissue,  when  loose  or  relaxed;  or  of  one  which 


want3  tone.  We  say  laxity  of  fibre,  laxity  of 
skin,  to  express,  that  those  parts  have  lost  some 
of  the  tenseness  proper  to  them. 

LAZARETTO.  Lazaret,  Lazar-house,  from 
(I.)  tazzero,  'a  leper.'  A  solitary  edifice  in 
most  seaports  of  magnitude,  intended  for  the 
disinfection  of  men  and  goods,  proceeding 
from  places  where  contagious  diseases  are 
prevailing. 

LAZULITE,  Lapis  lazuli. 

LEAD,  Plumbum — 1.  Black,  Graphites— 1. 
Iodide  of,  see  Iodine — 1.  Oxyd  of,  semi-vitrified, 
Plumbi  oxydum  semivilreum — 1.  Protacetate 
of,  Plumbi  superacetas — 1.  Red,  Plumbi  oxy- 
dum rubrum — 1.  Subcarbonate  of,  Plumbi  sub- 
carbonas — 1.  Sugar  of,  Plumbi  superacetas — I. 
Superacetale  of,  Plumbi  superacetas — 1  Tan- 
nate  of,  see  Tannin — 1.  White,  Plumbi  sub- 
carbonas. 

LEADWORT,  Plumbago  Europara. 

LEAF,  SOUR,  Andromeda  arborea. 

LEAMINGTON,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF 
Saline  waters  at  Leamington,  about  two  miles 
east  of  Warwick,  England,  which  contain  chlo- 
ride of  sodium,  sulphate  of  soda,  and  chlorides 
of  calcium  and  magnesium. 

LEANNESS,  Emaciation. 

LEAP,  Sax.  hlaejian,  Sakus,  (F.)  Saut.  Bound, 
Jump, — the  act  of  leaping.  Muscular  move- 
ment or  movements,  by  which  the  body  is  de- 
tached from  the  soil  by  the  forcible  and  sudden 
extension  of  the  lower  limbs,  previously  flexed 
upon  the  pelvis. 

LEAPING  AGUE.  This  disease  is  said  by 
the  Scotch  writers  to  be  characterized  by  in- 
creased efficiency,  but  .depraved  direction  of 
the  will,  producing  an  irresistible  propensity  to 
dance,  tumble,  and  move  about  in  a  fantastic 
manner,  and  often  with  far  more  than  the  na- 
tural vigour,  activity  and  precision  ! 

LEATHER  FLOWER,  Clematis  viorna—  1. 
Wood,  Dirca  palustris. 

LEB'ANON,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
The  spring  at  Lebanon,  2(i  miles  east  of  Albany, 
New  York,  is  an  almost  pure  thermal.  Temp. 
72°  Fahr. 

LECHENEION,  Torcular  Herophili. 
LE  CH.dN,  Cochlearia  nrmoracia. 
LECTISTER'NIUM,  from  lectus,  'abed,'  and 

sternere,  'to  spread.'  The  arrangement  of  a 
bed  so  as  to  adapt  it  to  a  particular  disease. 
Also,  a  supplication,  with  the  Romans,  in  times 
of  public  danger,  when  beds  or  couches  were 
spread  for  the  gods,  as  if  they  were  about  to 
feast,  and  their  images  were  taken  down  from 
their  pedestals  and  placed  upon  these  couches 
around  the  altars.  The  lectisterninm  was  first 
introduced  in  the  time  of  a  pestilence. — Livy. 

LECTUA'LIS,  from  lectus,  'a  bed.'  An  epi- 
thet applied  to  a  long  chronic  disease. 

LECTULUS.  Fanon. 

LEDE  SAUVAGE.  Ledum  sylvestre. 

LEDUM  LATIFO'LIUM,  LaHtrador  Tea, 
grows  in  damp  places,  in  Canada  and  the  Uni- 
ted States.  The  leaves  have  a  pleasant,  odour 
and  taste,  and  have  been  used  as  tea.  They  have 
also  been  esteemed  pectoral  and  tonic. 

Ledum  Palus'trk,  Rusmari'nvs  sylres'lris, 
Anthos  sy/res'tris.  Marsh  Tea.  (F.)  L'ede  ou 
Romarin  sauvage.  j\at.  Order,  Ericinere.  Sex. 
Syst  Decandria  Monogynia.  This  plant  has  a 
bitter,  subustringent  taste,  and    was   formerly 


LEE 


436 


LEONURUS  CARDIACA 


\ased  in  Switzerland  in  place  of  hops:  the  vir- 
tues are  equivocal. 

LEE,  Feculence,  Lixivium. 

LEECH,  Hirudo. 

LEEK,  Allium  porruni. 

LEES,  SOAP,  Liquor  potasss. 

LEG,  (Danish,)  Cms,  iScelus,  CnemS.  The 
portion  of  the  lower  extremity,  which  extends 
from  the  knee  to  the  foot.  It  consists  of  three 
bones; — Tibia,  Fibula,  and  Patella,  and,  also 
of  a  great  number  of  muscles,  vessels,  and 
nerves.  The  projection,  formed  by  the  mus- 
cles at  the  back  part  of  the  leg  has  received 
the  name  of  Calf  of  the  leg.  It  is  the  special 
attribute  of  man,  and  proves  that  he  is  des- 
tined to  be  biped. 

Leg,  Swelled,  Phlegmatia  dolens — 1.  Co- 
chin, see  Elephantiasis. 

LEGITIMATE,  Legit'imus,  from  lex,  legis, 
1  law.'  Genuinus,  Gne'sios.  An  epithet  applied 
to  things  which  are  according  to  rule.  A  legi- 
timate child,  (F.)  'Enfant  legitime,  is  one  con- 
ceived or  born  during  marriage.  Legitimate 
diseases,  (F.)  Mu ladies  legitimes,  are  those  which 
follow  a  regular  march. 

LEON  A,  from  \tyvav,  'a  fringed  edge.'  The 
orifice  of  the  pudendum  muliebre,  or  of  the 
uterus. 

LEGUME,  Legumen. 

LEGU'MEN,  from  lego,  'I  gather:'  (F.) 
Legume,  Gousse.  So  called  because  it  is  usu- 
ally gathered  by  the  hand,  instead  of  being 
reaped.  All  kinds  of  pulse,  as  peas,  beans,  &c, 
are  thus  termed. 

LEGUMIN,  Casein. 

LEICHEN,  Lichen. 

LEIOP'ODES,  from  Astop,  ' smooth,'  and 
vovs,  'a  foot.'  Affected  with  flot-footedness, 
split  y-foot''ducss.  Individuals,  the  soles  of  whose 
feet  are  flat,  instead  of  having  the  concavity 
which  they  commonly  present. 

LEl'OPUS,  Li' opus,  from  Xttog,  'smooth,' 
and  nuvg,  'afoot.'  One  that  is  flat-footed, 
splay-footed. 

LEIOSIS,  Comminution. 

LEIPH^EMOI,  Achroi. 

LEIPH^E'MOS,  Liphce'mos,  (F.)  Lciphhne, 
from  liiiroy,  T  want,'  and  'uiuct,  'blood.'  A  word 
sometimes  used  arfjectively;  at  others,  substan- 
tively, either  for  a  vicious  state  of  blood,  or 
rather  for  a  sort  of  anaemia — or  for  the  patient 
who  labours  under  this  condition. 

LEIPHEME,  Leiphsemos. 

LEIPO,  Lipo. 

LEIPODER'MOS,  Lipoder'mos,  from  xfiwto, 
'I  want,'  anil  Siqpa,  'skin.'  One  who  wants  a 
partof  his  skin.  It  is  especially  applied  to  those 
who  want  the  prepuce.      See  Apella. 

LEIPOMERIA,  Lipomeria. 

LEIPOPSYCHIA,  Syncope. 

LEIPYR'IAS,  from  Xhttui,  T  want,'  and  nun, 
'fire'  or  'heat.'  A  species  of  continued  fever, 
referred  to  by  the  Greek  physicians,  in  which 
there  is  burning  heat  of  the  internal  parts  and 
coldnessof  theextremities.  Avieenna  described, 
under  this  name,  a  kind  of  hemilritoea. 

LEMA,  Chussie. 

LEME,  Lippitudo. 

LEiYIITHOCOKTON,  Corallina  Corsicana. 

LEMNISCUS,  Tent. 

LEMON,  GROUND.Podophyllum  montanum 
— 1.  Peel,  see  Citrus  medica— 1. Tree, Citrus  me- 
dica — 1.  Wild,  Podophyllum  montanum. 


LEMONADE,  Limona'da,  (F.)  Limonade. 
Lemon  juice  diluted  with  water  and  sweetened. 
See  Citrus  medica. 

Lemonade,  Dry,  (F.)  Limonade  seche.  Citric 
or  tartaric  acid  reduced  to  powder  and  mixed 
with  sugar.  Lemonade  Powders  may  be  made 
as  follows: — Pound  gj^  of  citric  arid,  with  a 
few  drops  of  essence  of  lemon-peel,  and  gj  or 
more  of  lump  sugar.  Divide  into  six  papers, 
each  of  which  will  make  a  glass  of  lemonade. 
See  Citric  acid. 

Limonade  Gazeuse,  (F.)  is  an  agreeable  drink 
prepared  by  adding  syrup  of  lemons,  raspberry, 
&c.  to  water  saturated  with  carbonic  acid. 

Lemonade,  Nitric  Nitric  acid  considerably 
diluted  with  water,  and  sweetened. 

Lemonade,  Sulphuric,  and  Lemonade, Tar- 
taric, are  made  with  the  sulphuric  and  tar- 
taric acids. 

LEN'ITIVE,  Leniti'vus,  Lenis,  Len'iens,  from 
lenio,  'I  assuage.'  A  medicine,  which  allays 
irritation  or  palliates  disease;  also,  a  laxative 
medicine.  A  lenitive  electuary  is  one  that  purges 
gently. 

LENOS,  Torcular  Herophili. 

LENS,  Ervum  lens — 1.  Crystalline,  Crys- 
talline. 

LENTIC'ULA.  Dim.  of  lens,  a  lentil.  A 
freckle.  Also,  the  eruption  of  lenticular  fever. 
See  Ephelides. 

LENTICULAR  GANGLION.  Ophthalmic  G. 

LENTICULA'RES  GLAN'DULJE,  Lentic'- 
ular  glands.  Mucous  follicles,  having  the  shape 
of  a  lentil,  which  are  observed  especially  to- 
wards the  base  of  the  tongue. 

LENTIGO.  Ephelides. 

LENTIL,  Ervum  lens. 

LENT  I LLE,  Ervum  lens — I.  Crystalline, 
Crystalline — 1.  Ers,  Ervum  ervilia. 

LENTIS'CINUM  VINUM.  Wineimpreg. 
naled  with  mastich;  from  Lentiscus,  'the  mas- 
tich  tree.' 

LENTISCUS  VULGARIS,  Pistacia  lentiscus. 

LENTITIS.  Fhacitis. 

LENTOR,  from  lentus,  'clammy.'  A  visci- 
dity or  siziness  of  any  fluid.     See  Gluten. 

LEONTl'ASIS,  Leontion, from  xtoiv,  'a  lion.' 
A  name  given  to  lepra  of  the  face,  from  some 
fancied  resemblance  between  the  countenance 
of  those  labouring  under  it  and  that  of  the  lion. 
To  this  kind  of  lepra  the  epithets,  le'onine  and 
le' online,  have  been  given. 

LEONTICE  THALICTROl'DES,  Caulo- 
phyllum  thalictro'ides. 

LEONTION,  Leontiasis. 

LEON'TODON  TARAX'ACUM,  Urina'ria, 
Caput  Mon'achi,  Dens  Ico'nis,  Dandelion,  Piss- 
a-bed,Puffball.  On/erOompositse.  (F.)  Fissenlit, 
Lioiidc.nl.  The  young  leaves  are  sometimes 
eaten  as  salad.  The  roots  are,  also,  roasted 
and  used  as  a  substitute  for  coffee.  The  root, 
Taraxacum,  (Ph.  U.  S  ,)  is,  moreover,  reputed 
to  be  aperient  and  diuretic;  hence  its  vulgar 
name.     Its  efficacy  is  doubtful. 

LEONTOPODIUM,  Alchemilla. 

LEONU'RUS,  from  \iav,  'a  lion,'  and  ovna, 
Hail.'     Lion's  Tail. 

Leonurus  Cardi'aca,  Agripal'ma  Gnllis, 
Marrv'bium,  Cardi'aca  crispa,  Herba  cardiaca, 
H.  Palm  lapi'iw,  Motherwort,  Throatwort.  (F.) 
Agripaume.  Its  properties  are  those  of  a  nau* 
seous  bilter;  and  hence  it  has  been  used  in  hys- 
teria and  other  nervous  affections. 


LEONURUS  LANATUS 


.437 


,    LETHIFEROUS 


Lkonurus  Lanatus,  Ballota  lanata. 

LEOPARD'S  BANE,  ROMAN,  Arnica  mon- 
tana,  Doronicum  pardalianches. 

LEPAS  and  LEP1S,  Xsnac,  gen.  XtvaSog, 
Ktiris,  gen.  Ztvrtdos, '  a  scale.'     Hence: 

LEPID'IUM,  from  \crig,  'a  scale;'  so  called 
from  its  supposed  usefulness  in  cleansing  the 
skin  from  scales  and  impurities.  Pepper-wort. 

Lepid'ium  Ibk'ris,  Ibe'ris,  Cardamantica,  Sci- 
at'ica  ciesses.  This  plant  possesses  a  warm, 
penetrating,  pungent  taste,  like  other  cresses, 
and  is  recommended  as  an  antiscorbutic,  anti- 
septic, and  stomachic. 

Lepidium  Sati'vum,  Nasturtium  hoiten'se, 
Garden  cress,  Dit lander,  (F.)  Cresson  alcnois, 
Cressun  des  Jardins.  This  plant  possesses 
warm,  stimulating  properties,  and  is  used  like 
the  last. 

LEPIDOIDES.  Squamous. 

LEPIDOSARCO'MA,  Tumor  squamifor1  mis 
earno'sus.  A  fleshy  tumour,  covered  with 
scales;  from  xetij,  'a  scale,'  and  oaoziu/ua,  'a 
fleshy  tumour.'  Marcus  Aurelius  Severinus 
describes  tumours  of  this  kind  in  the  interior 
of  the  mouth. 

LEPIDOSES,  Scaly  diseases. 

LEPIDOSJS  ICHTHYIAS1S,  Ichthyosis— 
1.  Ichthyiasis  cornigera,  Horny  excrescences — 
1.  Lepriasis,  Lepra — 1.  Pityriasis,  Pityriasis — 
1.  Psoriasis,  Psoriasis. 

LEPIRA,  Lepra. 

LEPIS,  Scale. 

LEPORINA  LABIA,  Harelip. 

LKPORINUM  ROSTRUM,  Harelip. 

LEPORIiNUS  OCULUS,  Lagophthalmia. 

LKPRA,  Lepira,  from  Xsnig,  'a  scale,'  Le- 
pido'sis  Lfpri'asis,  Vitili'go,  Lepra  Graeco'rum, 
Herpes  fwj'ura'ceus  circina'tus,  Leprosy,  (F.) 
Lepre,  Mai  Saint-Main,  Dartre  furfuracce  arron- 
die.  This  term  has  been  applied  to  various  af- 
fections, very  different  in  character.  1.  To  the 
Leprosy  of  the  Jews,  LeucS,  Lepido'sis  Lepriasis 
canes' ecus,—  a  variety  of  the  Alphos  or  Lepra 
alphoi'des.  The  leuce  was,  generally,  not  scaly, 
but  consisted  of  smooth,  shining  patches,  on 
which  the  hair  turned  white  and  silky,  and  the 
skin,  with  the  muscular  flesh,  lost  its  sensibi- 
lity. It  was  incurable.  2.  To  the  Elephantiasis 
or  Lepra  of  the  Arabs,  see  Elephantiasis;  and 
3.  To  the  Lepra  of  the  Greeks,  which  includes 
all  the  varieties  met  with  at  the  present  day. 
It  is  characterized  by  scaly  patches  of  different 
sizes,  but  having  always  nearly  a  circular  form. 
Baleman  and  VVillan  describe  three  chief  va- 
rieties of  this  lepra. 

1.  Lepra  alphoi'des,  Lepido'sis  Lepri'asis  al'- 
bida,  Alphas,  Morphce'a  alba,  Vitili'go  alphas, 
Al'baru,  A/barses,  Albums,  Lepre  ccail/euse  of  Ali- 
bert,  White  leprosy.  An  affection,  characterized 
by  white  patches,  surrounded  by  a  rose-coloured 
areola,  which  appears  here  and  there  on  the  sur- 
face; depressed  in  the  middle,  and 

2.  Lepra  nigricans,  Lepra  melas — Vitili'go 
melas,  V.  Nigra.  Morplist'a  nigra,  Lepra  macu- 
lo'sa  nigra,  Al' haras  nigra,  Melas,  Lepidosis 
lepriasis  nigricans,  Black  leprosy;  in  which  the 
scales  are  livid;  the  size  of  half  a  dollar;  and 
diffused  over  the  body,  but  less  widely  than  in 
the  Jllphoides.  The  French  pathologists  usually 
admit  three  species  of  lepra,  to  which  they 
give  the  epithets  scaly,  (squameuse,)  crustace- 
ans, (crustacee,)  and  tubercular,  (tuberculeuse,) 


according  as  the  skin  may  be  covered  with 
scales,  crusts,  or  tubercles. 

3.  Lepra  vulga'ris,  Lepido'sis  lepriasis  vulga- 
ris, Dartre  furfuracce  arrondie,  of  Alibert, — cha- 
racterized as  follows:  scales  glabrous,  whitish, 
size  of  a  crown  piece:  preceded  by  smaller 
reddish  and  glossy  elevations  of  the  skin,  en- 
circled by  a  dry,  red,  and  slightly  elevated  bor- 
der; often  confluent;  sometimes  covering  the 
whole  of  the  body  except  the  face. 

Lepra  appears  to  be  endemic  in  Egypt,  in 
Java,  and  certain  parts  of  Norway  and  Swe- 
den, imperfect  and  faulty  nutriment  appears 
to  contribute  to  its  development.  The  means, 
best  adapted  for  its  removal,  are: — a  mild,  un- 
irritating  diet,  emollient  fomentations — sulphu- 
reous baths,  fumigations,  &e.;  but,  often,  all 
remedial  agents  will  be  found  ineffectual. 

Lefra  Arabum,  Elephantiasis  Arabica — I. 
Fungifera,  Frambcesia — 1.  Graecorum,  Lepra  — 
1.  Ichthyosis,  Ichthyosis — 1.  Lombardica,  Pel- 
lagra— 1.  Maculosa  nigra,  L.  nigricans — 1.  Me- 
diolanensis,  Pellagra  —  1.  Mercurial,  Eczema 
mercuriale — l.Taurica,  Mai  de  Crim'ee. 

LkPRE,  Lepra — /  des  Cossaques,  Mai  de 
Crimec — /.  Ecailleuse,  Lepra  alphoides — /.  Hu- 
mide,  Impetigo. 

LIlPROSERIE,  Ladrerie. 

LEPROSY,  Lepra — 1.  Black,  Lepra  nigricans 
— I.  Norwegian,  see  Radzyge — 1.  White,  Lepra 
alphoides. 

LEPSIS,  Attack. 

LEPTAN'DRIA  VIRGIN'ICA,  Veroni'ca  Vir- 
gin'ica,  Culver's  physic.  An  indigenous  plant, 
which  grows  throughout  the  United  States, 
and  flowers  in  August.  The  flowers  are  white 
and  terminate  the  stem  in  a  long  spike.  A  va- 
riety with  purple  flowers  has  been  described,  as 

Leptandiua  Purpu'rea,  Physic  root,  Black  root, 
Whorlywort,  Calvert  root,  Brinton  rout,  Bowman 
root.  The  root  is  bitter  and  nauseous,  and  when 
fresh  is  an  emetic  and  cathartic.  In  the  dried 
state  it  is  more  uncertain.  Dose  of  the  powder 
gr.  xx  to  3j. 

LEPTOXT1QVES,  Attenuants. 

LEPTOPHONIA,  Oxyphonia. 

LEPTOS,  Xstttoc,  'thin,'  'light.'     Hence: 

LEPTOTROPHTA,  from  ieniog, '  light,'  and 
TQocpr],  'nourishment.'     Light  nutrition. 
'LEPTUNT1CA,  Attenuants. 

LEPTYSMOS,  Emaciation. 

LEREMA,  see  Dementia. 

LEROS,  Delirium. 

LE'SION,  Lasfsio,  from  Isesus,  'hurt,'  'injured.' 
Derangement,  disorder;  any  morbid  change, 
either  in  the  exercise  of  functions  or  in  the 
texture  of  organs.  Organic  lesion  is  synony- 
mous with  organic,  disease. 

LESSIVE,  Lixivium. 

LESSIVE  DES  SAVOJS'JYIERS,  Liquor  pc- 
tassje.  Also,  a  solution  of  caustic  soda  in  water, 
containing  about  3  parts  of  soda  to  8  of  water. 

LESSIVE  DE  TARTRE,  Liquor  potass© 
subcarbonatis. 

LETHAL1S,  Lethiferous,  Mortal. 

LETHALITAS,  Mortality. 

LETH'ARGY,  Lclhar'gus,  Cams  lethargus, 
Veter'nus,  Lethar'gia,  Obltv'io  iners,  from  X^-try, 
'oblivion,'  and  aoyia,  'idleness  '  A  constant 
state  of  stupor  from  which  it  is  almost  impossi- 
ble to  arouse  the  individual;  and,  if  aroused, 
he  speedily  relapses  into  his  former  condition. 

LETHIFEROUS,  Le'lkifer,  Letha'tis,  Lcthif- 


LETHUM 


438 


LEVATOR  LABII  INFERIORIS 


icus,  Mo/lifer,  from  fa-fix\,  'death,'  and  tptout, '  I 
bear.'     Death-bearing,  deadly. 

LETHUM,  Death. 

LETTUCE,  Lactuca — 1.  Indian,  see  Calumba 
— 1.  Strong-scented,  Lactuca  virosa — 1.  Wild, 
Lactuca  elongata. 

LETUM,  Death. 

LEUCETHIOPIA,  see  Albino. 

LEUC/ETHIOPS,  Albino. 

LEUCANlA.Laucania. 

LEUCANTHEMUM,  Anthemis  nobilis, 
Matricaria  chamomilla — 1.  Vulgare,  Chrysan- 
themum Ieucanthemum. 

LEUCE,  Lepra  (of  the  Jews.) 

LEUCELECTRUM,  Suecinum  (album.) 

LEUCOIUM,  Lunaria  rediviva— 1.  Luteum, 
Cheiranthus  cheiri. 

LEUCO'MA,  from  Uvxog, '  white.'  Oculu'- 
rum  alba' go,  Albu'go,  Al'bula.  Leucoma  and 
Albugo  are  often  used  synonymously  to  denote 
a  white  opacity  of  the  cornea.  Both  are  es- 
sentially different  from  the  nebula  of  the  cor- 
nea; nebula  being  usually  the  result  of  chro- 
nic ophthalmy  and  an  effusion  of  a  milky 
serum  into  the  texture  of  the  delicate  continu- 
ation of  the  conjunctiva  over  the  cornea; — the 
others  are  the  result  of  violent,  acute  ophthal- 
mia. In  this  state,  a  thick,  coagulable  lymph 
is  extravasated  from  the  arteries,  sometimes 
superficially,  at  other  times  deep  into  the  sub- 
stance of  the  cornea.  On  other  occasions, 
the  disease  consists  of  a  firm,  callous  cicatrix 
on  this  membrane, — the  effect  of  a  wound  or 
ulcer  with  loss  of  substance.  The  affection  is 
more  difficult  of  cure  in  proportion  to  its  dura- 
tion and  to  the  age  of  the  individual;  the  ac- 
tivity of  the  absorbents  being  greater  in  youth. 
If  inflammation  still  exist,  antiphlogistics  must 
be  persevered  in,  and,  afterwards,  gentle  sti- 
mulants be  used  to  excite  absorption;  along 
with  the  internal  use  of  mercury  or  iodine. 

LEUCONYMPHiEA,  Nymphtea  alba. 

LEUCOPATH1A,  see  Albino. 

LEUCOPHAGIUM.  Blanc-manger. 

LEUCOPHLEGMAS1A  DOLENS  PUER- 
PERARUM,  Phlegmasia  dolens. 

LEUCOPHLEGMA'TIA,  from  huxtt, 
'white,'  and  ipXtyuu,  'phlegm.'  A  dropsical 
habit.  Some  writers  use  the  word  synony- 
mously with  unasarca,  (q.  v.;)  others  with  em- 
physema. 

LEUCOPYRIA,  Hectic  fever. 

LEUCORRHEE,  Leucorrhcoa. 

LEUCORRHCEA,  Fluxus  vel  floor  mulie'- 
bris,  Proftu'viuni  viulie'bre,  Cursus  malri'cis, 
Fluxus  malri'cis,  Elytri'tis,  Cokosi 'tis ,  Colpi'tis, 
Distilla'tio  u'teri,  Fluxio  alba,  Fleurs  ou  Flueurs 
blanches,  P erics  blanches, Ecoulement  blanc,  Calarrlie 
uterin.  The  ivhltes,  Pcrle  uterine  blanche,  Catiunc- 
nia  alba,  Menses  ulbi,  Menstrua  alba,  Menorrha'- 
gia  alba,  FUwr  mulie'liris  non  Gal'licus,  Blenne- 
lijt'ria,  Gonorrhoea  benig'na  not  ha  in  cetera' la,  Pur- 
ga'tio  mid't'bris  alba,  Alba  ptirgamen'ta,  Cachex'ia 
uteri' na,  Rheumu  u'teri,  Uteri  Cory'za,  Medorrhaz' a 
feminii'rum  insons,  Blennorrhea  seu  Blennnr- 
rha'gia  genitu'lium,  JEdeobl  ennorrhe' a  seu  Me- 
doblennorrhm'a  feminii'rum ,-  from  Xivk^c,  '  white,' 
and  qsw,  'I  flow.'  A  more  or  less  abundant 
dischaige  of  a  white,  yellowish,  or  greenish 
mucus:  resulting  from  acute  or  chronic  inflam- 
mation or  from  irritation  of  the  membrane 
lining  the  genital  organs  of  the  female.  Va- 
ginal Leucorrhea  has  been  termed  Blennorrhea 


seu  Fluor  albus  vaginx,  Leucorrhaz'a,  Mcdor- 
rhe'a  vaginx  and  Vaginalis,  Elylroblennor- 
rhea. — Uterine  Leucorrhcca  has  received  the 
names  Fluor  albus  uteri,  Leucorrhaz'a,  Mcdor- 
rhe'a  uteri,  Mctroblcnnorrha'  a,  (F.)  Leucorrhc'e 
uterine,  Calarrhe  vtirin.  It  is  often  attended 
witli  pain  and  a  sense  of  heaviness  in  the  loins, 
abdomen  and  thighs;  disordered  digestive  func- 
tions, &c,  so  that,  at  times,  the  health  suffers 
largely,  although  there  are  few  females,  who 
are  not  occasionally  subject  to  moderate  leu- 
corrhoea.  Attention  to  the  general  health, 
change  of  air,  keeping  up  a  perspirable  state  of 
the  surface  by  flannel  worn  next  the  skin,  the 
horizontal  posture,  &c,  do  more  than  pharma- 
ceutical agents;  which  are  almost  entirely  con- 
fined to  astringent  injections.  These  may  be 
employed,  when  the  discharge  is  so  great  as  to 
require  them. 

liEucortRHffiA.  Analis,  see  Ha:morrhois  —  1. 
Nabotlii,  see  Parturition. 

LEUCORRHOIS,  see  Efemorrhois. 

LEUCO'SES;  iiom  /fvxoe,  'white.'  In  the 
nosology  of  M.  Alibert,  all  the  diseases  of  the 
lymphatic  apparatus.  The  7th  family  in  his 
Nosologic. 

LEUK  or  LOCCHE,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OK.  Saline,  chalybeate  waters,  about  six  leagues 
distant  from  Sion.  They  contain  chloride  of 
sodium,  with  a  little  sulphate  of  magnesia;  sul- 
phate of  lime,  carbonate  of  magnesia,  carbonic 
acid,  and  protoxide  of  iron. 

LEVAIJV,  Ferment. 

LEVATOR  AIM'GULI  ORIS,  Abdu'cens 
labio'rum,  Eleva'tor  labiorum  comuiu'nis.  Cani'- 
nus,  Sits  maxillu-lubial,  Petit  sus-maxillo-labial. 
(Ch.)  (F.)  Muscle  eanin.  A  small,  flat,  long, 
quadrilateral  muscle,  which  arises  from  the 
fossa  canina,  and  is  inserted  at  the  commissure 
of  the  lips,  where  it  is  confounded  with  the 
triangularis.  It  raises  the  corner  of  the  mouth, 
and  draws  it  towards  the  ear. 

Levator  Ani,  Levator  magnus  seu  internus, 
Latns  ani,  Elevator  ani,  Sedern  attol'lens,  Pubio- 
coccygien  annuluire,  Sous pubio-coccygien  (Ch.) 
(F.)  Relevcur  de  lJanus.  A  muscle,  situate  at 
the  lower  part  of  the  pelvis.  It  is  broad,  flat, 
quadrilateral,  and  broader  above  than  below. 
It  represents  a  kind  of  membranous  partition, 
which  closes  the  outlet  of  the  pelvis,  and  the 
upper  concavity  of  which  is  opposed  to  that  of 
the  diaphragm.  It  is  attached,  above,  to  the 
posterior  surface  of  the  body  of  the  pubis,  to 
the  upper  part  of  the  obturator  foramen,  and  to 
the  spine  of  the  ischium;  and  is  inserted  into 
the  coccyx,  into  an  aponeurotic,  line  common 
to  it  and  its  fellow,  and  into  the  lateral  parts  of 
the  rectum.  This  muscle  supports  the  rectum; 
raises  it,  and  carries  it  upwards  during  the 
evacuation  of  the  excrement.  It  can,  also, 
compress  the  bladder  and  vesicula?  geminates, 
and  thus  favour  the  expulsion  of  the  urine  and 
sperm. 

Levator  Axi  Parvus,  Transversii3  perinrci 
— 1.  Auris,  Attollens  aurem — I.  Coccygis,  Coc- 
cygeus — 1.  Menti,  Levator  labii  inferioris— 1. 
Oculi,  Rectus  superior  oculi — 1.  Proprius  sea- 
pulse,  L.  scapula;. 

Levator  Labii  Inferio'ris,  Levator  menti, 
Elevator  labii  inferio'ris,  Incisi'vus  infi'rior, 
Elevator  labii  inferioris  pro'prius,  Mus'culus 
penicillu'tus.  A  portion  of  the  mento-labial  of 
Chaussier.     (F.)  Houppe  du  menton,  Relcveur  de 


LEVATOR  LABII  SUPERIORIS,  &c     439 


LIATRIS  S  PIC  AT  A 


la  levre  infirieur,  Rekreur  du  men/on.  A  small 
muscle  situate  before  the  symphysis  menti.  It 
is  thick,  conical;  and  attached  by  its  apex  to  a 
fossette  at  the  side  of  the  symphysis  in  the  in- 
ferior maxillary  bone.  Its  fibres  proceed  di- 
verging and  vanishing  in  the  manner  of  a  tuft, 
(F.)  Houppe,  on  the  skin  of  the  chin.  This 
muscle  raises  the  chin,  and  pushes  upwards  the 
lower  lip. 

Levator  Labii  Superioris  Aljequk  Nasi, 
Incisi'vus  latera'lis  et  pyramida'lis,  Grand  sus- 
mazil/o-lubial  (Ch..)  (F.)  Elevaleur  commvn  de 
I'uile  du  nez  et  de  la  livre  superieure.  This 
muscle  is  a  fleshy,  thin,  triangular  bundle,  situ- 
ate at  the  sides  of  the  nose.  It  arises  from  the 
ascending  process  of  the  superior  maxillary 
bone  :  thence  its  fibres  descend  in  a  diverging 
manner,  a  part  being  inserted  into  the  ala  of  the 
nose,  and  a  part  losing  themselves  in  the  upper 
lip.  This  muscle  raises  the  upper  lip  and  ala 
nasi,  which  it  draws  a  little  outwards. 

Levator  Labii  Superioris  Proprius,  Mlis'- 
culus  incisi'vus,  Elevator  labii  superioris  pro- 
prius, Moye.n  sus-maxillo-labial,  (Uh..)  Orliito- 
■maxillo  labial.  This  thin,  flat,  quadrilateral 
muscle  is  situate  at  the  middle  and  inner  part 
of  the  face.  It  arises  from  (he  os  mains  and  the 
os  maxillare  superius,  and  is  insetted  into  the 
upper  lip,  which  it  raises,  at  the  same  time  car- 
rying it  a  little  outwards. 

Levator  Pa i.a'ti,  Levator  Palati  Mollis,  Pe- 
trosalpin' go-staphili! nus  vel  Salpin'go  Staphili'- 
nus  inltr'nus,  Salpina-o-staphilinns,  Pterigo-sta- 
philinus  externus,  Spheno-staphilmus,  Splieno- 
palatinus,  Peristapfn/linus  interims  vel  superior, 
Pttro-stuphijlin,  (Ch.)  This  muscle  is  long, 
narrow,  and  almost  round  above;  broader  and 
flatter  inferior]}'.  It  arises  from  the  lower  sur- 
face of  the  pars  petrosa ,•  from  the  cartilage  of 
the  Eustachian  tube;  and  is  inserted  into  the 
substance  of  the  velum  palati.  Its  use  is  to 
raise  the  velum  palati. 

Levator  Pai/pebr/e  Supf.rio'kis,  Palpebral 
superioris  primus,  Apertor  Oc'uli,  Jjpiriens  Pal- 
pebral rum  rectus,  Orliito-pnlpcbral .  (Ch.)  Orbi'o- 
sus-palpibral.  (F.)  Elevateur  de  la  paupihe 
superieure.  A  long,  small,  thin  muscle,  situate 
at  the  upper  part  of  the  orbitar  cavity.  By  its 
posterior  extremity  it  is  inserted  into  the  little 
ala  of  the  sphenoid  bone,  immediately  in  front 
of  the  foramen  opticum,  and,  by  its  anterior 
extremity,  which  is  expanded,  it  terminates  at 
the  upper  margin  of  the  tarsal  cartilage  of  the 
eyelid.  This  muscle  raises  the  upper  eyelid; 
draus  it  backwards,  and  sinks  it  in  the  orbit. 

Levator  Pp.os'tatje,  (F.)  Re.Ieveur  de  la  pros- 
tate. Santorini  has  given  this  name  to  the  an- 
terior fibres  of  the  levator  ani,  which  embrace 
the  prostate. 

Levator  Scap'ui.  >e.  Elevator  Scapula,  Ele- 
vator seu  Mvs' cuius  Patien'titP.,  Jlngula'ris  vulgo 
Levator  pro'prius, —  Trachelo-scapulaire,  (Ch.) 
(F.)  Awulaire  de  Pomoplate,  Keleveur  de  Fomo- 
platc.  This  muscle  is  so  called,  because  it  is 
attached  to  the  upper  and  internal  angle  of  the 
scapula.  It  is  situate  at  the  posterior  and  late- 
ral part  of  the  neck,  and  at  the  upper  part  of 
the  back.  It  is  long,  flat,  and  broader  above 
than  below.  In  this  latter  direction,  it  is  inserted 
into  the  superior  internal  angle  of  the  scapula; 
and,  in  the  former,  into  the  tops  of  the  transverse 
processes  of  the  first  four  cervical  vertebrae.  It 
depresses  the  prominence  of  the  shoulder,  by 


raising  the  posterior  angle  of  the  scapula,  on 
which  it  impresses  a  kind  of  rotary  motion. 
It  can,  also,  draw  the  head  to  one  side. 

Levator  Uhe'thRjE,  (F.)  Releveur  de  VUre- 
t/irc.  Santorini  describes  under  this  name  a 
portion  of  the  transversus  perinaji  muscle. 

LEVATORES  COSTA  RUM,  Supracostales. 

LEV  EN,  Ferment. 

LEVER,  from  levare,  'to  lift  up.'  Vectis, 
Porrec'tum.  An  inflexible  rod,  moving  round 
a  fixed  point,  and  used  for  moving  bodies,  bear- 
ing burdens,  or  raising  them.  The  point,  on 
which  the  lever  moves,  is  called  the  Fulcrum 
or  Hijpomcch'l'on.  The  force  which  moves  the 
lever  is  called  the  poiocr,-  and  the  weight  to  be 
moved,  the  resistance.  There  are  three  kinds 
of  levers.  A  Irre.r  of  thefirst  kind  has  the  ful- 
(Turn  between  the  power  and  resistance.  A  lever 
of  tbe  second  kind  has  the  resistance  between 
the  fulcrum  and  power;  whilst  a  lever  of  the 
third  kind  has  the  power  between  the  fulcrum 
and  resistance.  In  the  locomotive  system  of 
die  human  body,  we  have  examples  of  all  the 
three  kinds.  The  bones  represent  levers:  the 
muscles  of  locomotion  are  powers,-  the  weight 
of  parts  to  be  moved  constitutes  the  resistance. 
The  fulcra  are,  at  times,  the  joints;  at  others, 
the  ground,  &c.  The  head  moves  on  the  neck 
as  a  lever  of  the  first  kind;  the  first  cervical 
vertebra  forming  the  fulcrum.  We  rise  on  tip- 
toe by  a  lever  of  the  second  kind,  tiie  fulcrum 
being  the  ground  under  the  toes;  and  we  have 
examples  of  a  lever  of  the  third  kind  in  the 
flexion  of  the  fore-arm  on  the  arm,  in  the  ele- 
vation of  the  arm,  &c. 

Lever,  Vectis  obstetric/' 'ius,  Vectis,  (F.)  Levier, 
is  an  instrument,  curved  at  the  extremity,  and 
having  a  fenestra.  It  is  used  to  assist  the  ex- 
traction of  the  child's  head,  when  instrumental 
aid  is  necessary.  Levers  are,  also,  used  by  the 
dentists  for  extracting  stumps,  &c.  The  Levier 
de  I'&duse,  Langue  de  Carpe,  Trivelin  or  Punch, 
is  employed  for  extracting  the  molar  teeth. 

LEVI/ATHAN  PENIS,  Pria'pus  Ceti,  Bale'- 
nas.  The  penis  of  the  whale.  This  singular 
medicine  was,  at  one  time',  given  in  powder  in 
cases  of  dysentery  and  leucorrhcea. 

LEVIER,  Lever — /.  de  I'ltduse,  see  Lever. 

LEVIGA'TION,  Leviga'tio,  from  levigare, 
(from  levis,  'light,')  :to  polish.'  Porphijriza'lion. 
An  operation,  by  which  bodies  are  reduced  to 
very  fine  powder.  It  is  performed  by  putting 
substances,  already  pulverized,  into  water;  the 
coarser  parts  are  not  long  in  beino-  deposited, 
whilst  the  finer  molecules  remain  suspended  in 
the  water.  The  liquid  is  decanted  into  another 
vessel,  and  suffered  to  remain  at  rest,  until  the 
fine  particles  are  all  collected  at  the  bottom  of 
the  vessel.  The  fluid  part  is  then  separated  by 
decantation. 

LEVISTICUM,  Ligusticum  levisticum. 

LkVRE,  Lip. 

LkVRES  GRAKDES,  Labia  pudendi—/.  Pe- 
tites,  Nymphaj — /.  de  la  Vulve.  Labia  pudendi. 

LEVVRE,  Vest—/,  de  la  Bilre,  Yest. 

LEXIPHARMACUS,  Alexipharmic. 

LEXIPYRETICUS,  Febrifuge. 

LEY,  Lixivium — 1.  Soap,  Liquor  potassse. 

LEZARD,  Lizard. 

LIATRIS  SPICA'TA,  Gayfeather,  Button 
snakcroot..  An  indigenous  plant,  growing  in 
meadows  and  moist  grounds  in  the  middle  and 
southern  states.    Its  beautiful  purple, compound 


LIATRIS  SCARIOSA 


440      LIEBERSCHE  JHJSZEIIRUNG'S,  fyc. 


flowers  are  in  a  spike.  They  appear  in  August. 
The  root  has  been  considered  diuretic. 

LiA'TKisScADio'sAand  L.Squarro'sa,  Throat- 
wort^  Saw-wort,  Backache  root,  Devilsbite,  Blazing 
star,  Praii'ie  pines,  Rough  root,  are  also  called 
from  their  reputed  powers  in  bites  from  the  rat- 
tlesnake, Rattlesnake's  master.  The  roots, bruised, 
are  applied  to  the  wound,  and  the  decoction,  in 
milk,  is  given  internally. 

LIBANOS.  Juniperus  lycia. 

LIBANOTIS  CORONARIA,  Rosmarinus. 

LIBI'DO.  Desire,  necessity.  Authors  speak 
of  Libido  vri'nx,  Libido  intesti'ni.  Some  employ 
it  synonymously  with  Prurigo;  others,  with 
Salad  tas. 

LIB  OS,  from  JUijSco,  <I  distil.'  A  defluxion 
from  the  eyes. — Galen. 

LIBRA,  Pound. 

LICHANOS,  Index,  see  Digitus. 

LICHEN,  Itt^tjv  or  lix^v,  Exor'mia  Lichen, 
Leichen,  Serpi'go,  Volat'ica,  Pap'ula,  P.  sicca, 
Pus'tula  sicca,  Sca'bies  sicca,  Scabri'ties,  Sun- 
rash,  (F.)  Gale  shhe,  Dartre  furfurae'ee  volante, 
Pouss&e.  The  cutaneous  affection,  described 
under  this  name  by  the  Greek  writers,  is  not 
clearly  defined.  Some  have  believed  it  to  be 
the  Impetigo,  but  this  is  doubtful.  The  name 
is,  now,  generally  applied  to  a  diffuse  eruption 
of  red  pimples,  accompanied  by  a  troublesome 
sense  of  tingling  or  pricking.  Drs.  Willan  and 
Bateman  define  it, — "an  extensive  eruption  of 
papula?  affecting  adults, connected  with  internal 
disorder,  usually  terminating  in  scurf;  recur- 
rent, not  contagious."  One  of  their  varieties, 
however,  the  Lichen  Tropicus,  does  not  accord 
well  with  this  definition;  for  it  affects  children 
as  well  as  adults,  and  is  unconnected  with  in- 
ternal disorder. 

Lichkn  A' Gitius, Exor1 mia  Lichen  ferus,  Lichen 
agrias,  Pap'ula  agria,  is  distinguished  by  pim- 
ples in  clusters  or  patches,  surrounded  by  a 
red  halo;  the  cuticle  growing  gradually  harsh, 
thickened,  and  chappy,  often  preceded  by  ge- 
neral irritation.  In  addition  to  antiphlogistics, 
a  cooling  ointment  may  be  used,  to  allay  itch- 
ing. 

Lichen  Circumscrip'tus  is  characterized  by 
clusters  or  patches  of  papula?,  having  a  well  de- 
fined margin,  and  an  irregularly  circular  form: 
continuing  for  six  or  eight  weeks.  These  va- 
rieties require  but  little  medicinal  treatment. 
The  antiphlogistic  plan  is  all  that  is  necessary. 

Lichen  Liv'idus.  The  papula?  have  a  dark 
red  or  livid  hue,  without  any  fever.  The  pa- 
pulae are  more  permanent  in  this  variety.  It 
requires  the  mineral  acids  and  bark. 

Lichen  Pila'ris,  Exormia  Lichen  pilaris,  is 
merely  a  modification  of  the  preceding;  the  pa- 
pulae appearing  at  the  roots  of  the  hair. 

Lichen  Simplex,  Exor'mia  Lichen  simplex, 
consists  of  an  eruption  of  red  papula?,  appearing 
first  on  the  face  or  arms,  and  afterwards  extend- 
ing over  the  body;  preceded  for  a  few  days  by 
slight  febrile  irritation  which  usually  ceases 
when  the  eruption  appears, — with  an  unplea- 
sant sense  of  tingling  during  the  night.  It  ge- 
nerally dies  away  in  ten  days  or  a  fortnight. 

Lichen  Trop'iccs,  Exor'mia  Lichen  tropicus, 
Eczes'rna,  Es'sera,  {?)  Sudani 'ina,  (?)  Prickly 
Heat,  Summer  Rash.  The  pimples  are  bright 
red,  and  of  the  size  of  a  small  pin's  head:  with 
heat,  itching,  and  pricking,  as  if  by  needles. 
It  is  local;  produced  by  excessive  heat;  and 


disappears  when  the  weather  becomes  cooler, 
or  the  individual  is  inured  to  the  climate. 

Lichen  Urtica'tus, Exor'mia  Lichen  urtico'- 
sus,  is  another  variety.  The  JYcttle  Lichen  con- 
sists of  papula?,  accompanied  by  wheals  like 
those  of  nettle  rash. 

Lichen  Arbouum,  Lichen  pulmonarius — /. 
Blanc  de  Neige,  L.  caninus  —  /.  Boitier,  L.  pyxi- 
datus. 

Lichen  Cani'nus,  Lichen  cinereus  ferres'tris, 
Muscus  cani'nus,  Phys'cia  niva'lis,  Peltig"era 
cani'na,  Ash-coloured  Ground  Liverwort,  (F.) 
Lichen  contre-rage,  Lichen  blanc  dc  neige.  This 
cryptogamous  plant  was,  for  a  long  time,  con- 
sidered capable  of  preventing  and  curing  Rabies 
canina.  It  has,  also,  been  used  in  mania  and  in 
spasmodic  asthma. 

Lichen  Cinereus  Tehrestkis,  L.  caninus — 
1.  Carrageen,  Fucus  crispus — 1.  Cocciferus,  L. 
pyxidatus—/.  Contre  rage,  L.  caninus — /.  Eaton- 
noir,  L.  pyxidatus. 

Lichen  Islan'dicus,  Muscus  Islandicus,  J\f. 
cathar'ticus,  Clado'nia  fslandica,  Physcia  Island- 
ica,  Cetra'ria  Island'ica,  Iceland  Lichen  or  Liver- 
wort or  Moss,  (F.)  Lichen  d'Islande.  This  plant 
is  inodorous,  with  a  bitter  and  mucilaginous 
taste.  It  is  esteemed  to  be  tonic,  demulcent,  and 
nutrient.  Dose,  gj  to  £iv,  being  first  steeped 
in  water  holding  in  solution  some  carbonate  of 
potass,  to  extract  the  bitter,  and  then  boiled  in 
milk.  A  bitter  principle  has  been  extracted 
from  it,  termed  Cetrarin,  which  has  been  given 
in  intermittents. 

Lichen  Plica'tus,  Muscus  arbo' reus  sen 
Querci'ni  Hcrba.  This  plant  is  applied,  as  an 
astringent,  to  bleeding  vessels;  and  to  parts 
which  are  excoriated  after  long  journeys,  by 
the  Laplanders. 

Lichen  Pulmona'rius,  Muscus  pulmonarius 
querci'nus,  Pulmonaria  arbo'rea,  Loba'ria  pul- 
monaria,  Lichen  ar'borum,  Oak  Lungs,  Tree 
Lungwort,  Hazel  Crottles,  (F.)  Lichen  pulmo- 
nale. This  plant  is  sub-astringent,  and  rather 
acid.  It  was  once  in  high  repute  for  curing 
diseases  of  the  lungs. 

Lichen  P  y  x  i  d  a  '  t  u  s,  Muscus  Pyxida'tvs, 
Sajphoph'orus  pyxidatus,  Mils' cuius  pyxo'i'des 
tcrres'tris,  Lichen  pyxidatus  major,  Lichen  coccif- 
erus, Cup  Moss,  Herba  Ignis,  (F.)  Lichen  enton- 
noir,  Lichen  Bolder,  L.  Pyx.ide.  This  plant  is 
sub-astringent,  and  has  been  used  in  decoction 
in  hooping-cough. 

Lichen  Roccel'la,  Rocccl'la,  Litmus,  Lat- 
mus  tincto'rius,  Orchill,  Cana'ry  Archill,  Chin- 
ney  weed,  Herb  Archell,  (F.)  Orscille.  The  chief 
use  of  this  plant  is  as  a  blue  dye.  It  has  been 
employed  to  allay  cough  in  phthisis,  &c. 

Lichen  Saxat'ilis,  Muscus  Cra'nii  huma'ni, 
Vs'nea.  This  moss,  when  found  growing  on  a 
human  skull,  was  formerly  in  high  estimation 
against  head  affections,  &c. 

Lichen  Stellatiw,  Marchantia  polymor- 
pha. 

LICHENIASIS  STROPHULUS,  Strophulus. 

LIEBERKUEHNS  GLANDS  or  FOLLI- 
CLES, so  called  from  their  first  describer,  are 
fine,  capillary,  blind  sacs,  the  openings  of  which 
are  from  l-20lh  to  l-30th  of  a  line  in  diameter, 
so  closely  placed  over  the  whole  of  the  small 
intestine  as  to  give  the  mucous  membrane  a 
general  sieve-like  or  perforated  appearance. 
They  secrete  the  succus  entericus,  (q.  v.) 

LIEBERSCHE  AVSZEHRUKGS  KRJU- 


LlkGE 


441 


TER,  see  Galeopsis  grandiflora — I.  Erustkruu- 
itr.  see  Galeopsia  grandiflora. 

LItGE,  Suber. 

LIEN, _(F.)  Vin'cuidm.  A.  band,  strap  or  gar- 
ter, used  in  certain  operations ;  as  to  tie  patients 
during  the  operation  of  lithotomy  ;  to  fix  the  ap- 
paratus in  fracture,  &c.    Also,  the  spleen,  (q.  v.) 

LIKNOSUS,  Splenic. 

LIElVI  ERY,  Lienlcr'ia,  from  ).nc$,  'smooth,' 
and  trrtqov,  'intes'ine.'  Lse'citas  intestino'rum, 
Diarrhoea  Lienter'ia,  F/uxus  Li  enter' ir.us.  Chy- 
vinrrhw/a  seu  Lux'itas  ingesto'rum,  D.  dyspep- 
tira,  D.  cum  apepsia,  D.  Indigest&rum,  Slip'peri- 
nesa  of  the  Guts.  Frequent  liquid  evacuations, 
the  food  only  half  digested  This  condition  is 
always  symptomatic  of  great  irritation  in  the 
intestinal  canal;  the  sensibility  of  which  is  so 
much  augmented  that  it  cannot  bear  the  sojourn 
of  the  food  in  it. 

LIE  RUE,  Hedera  helix—  I.  Terrestre,  Gle- 
coma  hederacea. 

LIFE,  Sax.  liF,  ly-p,  Vita,  Bios,  Biot?,  Zoe. 
(F.)  Vie.  The  state  of  organized  beings,  during 
which,  owing  to  the  union  of  an  immaterial  im- 
ponderable principle  with  matter,  they  are  ca- 
pable of  performing  functions  different  from 
those  that  regulate  other  natural  bodies;  all  of 
which  functions,  however  numerous  and  diver- 
sified, work  to  one  end.  Life  has  only  a  limited 
duration;  beyond  which, — the  organic  func- 
tions ceasing  to  be  executed, —  the  body  is  given 
tip  to  the  agency  of  ehymical  affinity.  Hence 
Richat  has  defined  life  to  be — the  aggregate  of 
the  functions  which  resist  death.  On  account  of 
the  difference  that  exists  amongst  the  vital  func- 
tions, he  has  applied  the  term  Organic  Life  to 
the  functions  inservientto  composition  and  de- 
composition;— as  digestion,  respiration,  circu- 
lation, calorification,  absorption,  secretion,  and 
nutrition;  and  Animal  Life,  to  the  functions 
which  connect  man  and  animals  with  external 
bodies;  as  the  understanding,  sensations,  loco- 
motion, and  voice. 

Life  Everlasting,  Gnaphalium  margarita- 
ceum— 1.  Everlasting,  sweet-scented,  Gnapha- 
lium polycephalum. 
Life's  Rlood,  Cillo. 

LIGAMENT,  Li g amen' turn,  from  ligare,  'to 
bind;'  Desmos,  Syndes'mos,  Colliga'men,  Cop'- 
via.  A  name  given  to  fibrous  structures,  which 
serve  to  unite  bones,  and  to  form  articulations; 
hence  the  division  of  interosseous  and  articular 
ligaments.  They  are  of  a  white,  close  texture; 
are  but  little  extensible,  and  difficult  to  break. 
The  name  ligament  has,  also,  been  given  to  any 
membranous  fold,  which  retains  an  organ  in  its 
situation. 

Table  of  the  Principal  Ligaments. 

f  Capsular  ligament. 

1.  Of  the  Loicer  \  Suspensory   ligament  of  the 

Jure.  j       stylo-glossus. 

(_  Lateral  ligament. 
fTwo  capsular  ligaments  be- 
tween atlas  and  head. 

2.  Connecting  the     Circular  ligament. 

Head  with  the     Two  capsular  between  atlas 
first  and  second  \      and  axis. 
Vertebra,  and)  Perpendicular  ligament. 
these  with  each     Two  lateral  or  moderator  li- 
other.  gaments. 

Transverse  ligament  and  its 
l_     appendices. 
29 


3.    Of  the  other 
Vertebra. 


LIGAMENT 

f  Anterior  common. 
Crucial  intervertebral. 
Ligaments  running  from  the 
edge  of  the  bony  arch  and 
spinous  process  of  one  ver- 
■{       tebra  to  that  of  the  next. 
Interspinous  ligament. 
Ligamentum  nuchae. 
Intertransverse. 
Capsular. 

Posterioror  internalcommon. 
f  Capsular  of  the  heads  of  ribs. 
Capsular  of  the  tubercles. 
Ligamenta  transversaria  in- 
terna. 
Ligamenta  transversaria  ex- 
terna. 
Ligamenta  cervicis  costarum 
externa. 
|  Ligamentous  fibres  running 
Of  the  Ribs,  !       from  the  margins  of  the  ex- 


Stem  inn,  fyc. 


'< 


tremities  of  the  ribs  to  the 
corresponding  cartilao-es. 

Radiated  ligaments  from  car- 
tilage of  ribs  to  the  sternum. 

Capsular  ligaments  of  the  car- 
tilages of  the  ribs. 

Proper  membrane  ofsternum. 

L.  of  cartilago-ensiformis. 

Tendinous    expansions  over 
[_     the  intercostales,  &c. 
fTwo  transverse, — one   supe- 
rior, one  inferior. 

Ilio-sacral. 

Capsular   of   the   sacro-iliae 
synchondrosis. 

Two   sacro-ischiatic, — poste- 

5.  Of  the  rehis.  J  rior  and  ant7io<-,  «ith  the 
superior  and  inferior  ap- 
pendices. 

Longitudinal  of  os  coccygis. 
Inguinal  ligament. 
Capsular  of  symphysis  pubis. 
Ligament  of  foramen  thyroi- 
(_     deum. 

("Radiated  ligament. 

Capsular. 
I  Interclavicular. 

6.  Of  the  Clavicle. •{  Ligamentum  rhomboidenui. 

Claviculo-aeromial. 
I  Conoid. 
(^Trapezoid. 

7.  Of  the  Scapula.^  inierwr  ^"S"^- 

J  '  >  Proper  posterior. 

8.  Of  the  Shoal-  )  n         , 
./„     i  •   .         ?  Capsular. 
dcr- Joint.        5 

f  Capsular. 

I  Rrachio-nlnar- 

I  Brachioradial. 

9.  Of  the  Elbow- j  Coronary  of  the  radius. 

Joint.  ]  Anterior  and  posterior  acces- 

sory. 
Intermuscular  of  the  os  hu- 
meri. 

10;    C"7a/, ^Interosseous  ligament. 

trennnj  of  Rn-  |  0b,;         or  chQ-da  transver. 

dms  and  Ulna,  y     Bal|s  cublti. 

and      between     Ca       lar. 

those  bones.      J 
1 1 .  BetweenFore-  \  £aPS"lar. 

arm  and  Wrist.  }  £w0  lateral- 
r  Mucous. 


I 


LIGAMENT 


442 


("Annular, 
j  Capsular. 

12.  Of  Carpus.  ■{  Short   ligaments, — oblique, 

transverse,   capsular,   and 
[     proper. 

13.  Between  Car-^i  .    ,.      ,      ■  ,       . 

/        i  ru  *     f  Articular  lateral. 
pa.  una  meiti-y^,     ■    ,  .  ••     i„_  »  „ 

;n  i  Straight, perpendicular.&c. 

cur  pal  bun  es.   J  °     "     ' 

14.  Between  <'<0  Inlern8Seoas>  atlhe  bases  and 
eremite    of  !      ,1Pa(Jfl      dursaI  lalera|,  pal- 

ihe  Metacarpal  \  '  '  r 

„  '      !      mar. 

Hones.  J 

15  At  the  base  of) 

the  Metacarpal  j 

i?o«e     r;/'     '/*e  !  Capsular. 

Thumb,  and  ut  {Lateral. 

the Jiist joint  of  | 

*/ie  Fingers.      J 

16.  0/  f/te  JSrsn 
awZ         second  j 

J1  ' 
"kumb.andse-  V.  . 

eond  «»d  tAfof  I  ^aleral- 

joints    of    the  \ 
Fingers.  J 

f  Annular. 
Vaginal  or  flexor  tendons. 

17.  Retaining  the     Vaginal  or  crucial  of  the  pha- 
Tendons  of  the         langes 
Musrks  of  the-{  Accessory  of  the  flexor  len- 


joints     of     lite      „  , 

•n       i.   .„j„»    v  Capsular, 
thumb. unase-  y.     r      . 


Hand  and  Fin- 
gers in  situ. 


nominal  urn. 


19.  Of  the  Knee- 
Joint. 


dons 
Posterior  annular. 
Vaginal  of  extensors. 
^Transverse  of  extensors, 
f  Capsular  and  accessory  slips. 
16.     Connecting  j  Round  or  teres  ligament. 
the  Os  Femoris  \  Cartilaginous  ligament. 
with  the  Os  in-  }  Double    cartilaginous     liga- 
j       ment. 

^Ligamenta  mucosa, 
f  Lateral, —  internal  and  exter- 
i       rial. 
External   short   lateral   liga- 
ment. 
Posterior  ligament. 
Ligament  of  the  patella. 
-(  Capsular. 

Ligamentumalare, — majuset 

minus. 
Ligamentum  mucosum. 
Two   crucial, — anterior   and 

posterior. 
Transverse. 

mm      r>  »•       f  Capsular. 

20.     Connecting  !  r     ' 

c-i    i         j  t    I  Interosseous. 

Fibula  and  li-<    .    , 

.  .  j  Anterior  superior. 

^  Posterior  superior. 
( Anterior    ligament    of     the 
23.     Connecting  j      fibula. 
the  Tarsal icith^  Posterior  of  fibula. 
the  fjfg  Bones,  j  Deltoides  of  tibia. 
^Capsular. 
'Capsular. 
Short  ligaments. 
Capsular,  broad  superior,and 
lateral  ligaments,  connect- 
22.  Li^amen's  of  j       ing  astragulus  and  navicu 
the  Tarsus.       \      lare. 

Superior, lateral, and  inferior, 
fixing  os  calcis  to  os  cu- 
boides. 
^  Long,  oblique,  and  rhomboid, 


22.  Ijgaments  of 
the  Tarsus. 


LIGAMENTS  CROISiiS 


f     forming  the   inferior  lign- 

Iments. 
Superior  super ficial.in terossr- 
ous  and  inferior  transverst- 
ligamenls,  fixing  the  os  na- 
viculare  and  os  cuboides. 

Superior  lateral,  and  plantar, 
which  fix  the  os  naviculars 
and  euneiforme. 

Superior  superficial  and  plan- 
tar, connecting  the  os  cu- 
boides and  os  cuneiforms 
externum. 

Dorsal  and  plantar,  uniting 
the  ossa  cuneiformia. 

The  proper  capsular  of  each 
bone. 


23.Ligamentsbe- i  Capsular. 

tween      Tarsus  <  Dorsal,  plantar,  lateral,  straight, 

and  Metatarsus.  (      oblique,  and  transverse. 

n.       ~  „.       f  Dorsal,  plantar,  and   lateral, 

44.     Isonnccttng  ., * ._.        ', 

i     <ij  ,       • ;  I      connecting  the  metatarsal 

the  Mitalarsali       ■  ° 

„  '.      bones. 

liones.  [Transverse  ligaments. 

85.  Of  the  Pha-  C  ,,         , 
,     J         r   .l    1  Capsular. 
hinges  of   we  <  ,  „;„„, 
-j,  B        J    ■       j  Lateral. 
Jues.  £ 

'Annular. 

Vaginal  of  the  tendons  of  the 

peronei. 

Laciniated. 

26.  Retaining  the  j  Vaginal  of  the  tendon  of  the 

Tendons  of  the  |       flexor  longus  pollicis. 

Muscles  if  the\  Vaginal   and   crucial  of  the 

Foul  and  Toes         tendons  of  the  flexors  of 

in  situ.  the  toes. 

Aeeessoiy  of  the  flexor  ten 

I       dons  of  the  toes. 
Transverse   of  the  extensor 
^     tendons. 

LIGAMENT  ART&RIEL,  Arterial  ligament 
— 1.  Cervical  supraspinal,  see  Supraspinosa 
ligamenta — /.  Ciliuire,  Ciliary  ligament 

LlGAMKNT,  Coil'ofiAKY.  OF   THE   LlVER.isai*- 

fleclion  lormed  by  the  peritoneum,  bet  ween  tilt 
posterior  margin  of"  the  liver,  and  the  lower 
surface  of  the  diaphragm.     See  Falx. 

Li  g  a  m  f.nTjCosto-Xip  hoi  n.  Xiphoid  ligameTii 
— 1.  Dorso  liimbo  supraspinal,  see  SnpraspitiOM 
ligamenta — 1.  of  Fallnpius,  Crural  arch — 1.  In- 
fra-pubian,  Triangular  ligament — /  Interipi- 
neux,  Interspinal  ligament — I.  Palmar  inferior, 
Metacarpal  ligament — 1.  Poupart's,  Crural  arch 
— /.  Ratal,  Ligamentum  teres — /.  Sai-cpineui 
cervical,  see  Supra-spinosi  ligamenta—/  Sur- 
(pineitccdorso-lumbairc,  see  Supraspmosa  liga 
menta. 

Ligament,  Suspf.n'sohy,  of  thk  Livf.b, 
Ligumen' turn  latum.  Suspenso'rium  Hi'pnt,$,\$* 
largo,  triangular  reflection,  formed  by  the  peri- 
toneum between  the  superior  surface  ol  the 
liver  and  the  diaphragm.  It  is  constituted  of 
two  layers,  and  is  continuous,  below,  with  ano- 
ther reflection,  called  the  Falx  of  the  Umbilical 
Vein.     See  Falx. 

LIGAMENTA  INTERVERTEBR.\LIA,I» 
tervertebral  cartilages  — I.  Rotunda  uteri.  Round 
ligaments  of  the  uterus. 

^LIGAMENTS  CR0IS&S,  Crucial  ligament* 
— /  Cruciformrs,  Crucial  ligaments — /.  Jaunes, 
Yellow  ligaments — 1.  of  the  Larynx,  inferior, 


LIGAMENTUM  NUCHAS 


443 


LILY,  GROUND 


Tnyreo-arytenoid  ligaments — /.  Ronds  de  Tute- 
rvs.  Round  ligaments  of  the  uterus. 

LIGAMENTUM  NUCII^E,  Cervical  liga- 
irent— 1.  Suspensorium  hepatis,  Suspensory 
ligament  of  the  liver — 1.  Suspensorium  testis, 
C  ubernaculum  testis. 

LIGATIO,  Fascia,  Ligature. 

LIGATURA,  Fascia. 

LIG'ATURE,  Ligalu'ra,  Liga'tio,  Migalu'ru, 
Dilign'lio,  Vinctu'ra,  Fascia,  E/iid'esis,  from 
ligo,  T  bind.'  This  word  has  various  accepta- 
tions. It  means,  l.The  thread  with  which  an 
artery  or  vein  is  tied,  to  prevent  or  arrest  he- 
morrhage. 2.  The  cord,  or  thread,  or  wire, 
used  for  removing  tumours,  &c.  3.  The  band 
age  used  for  phlebotomy.  Ligature  is,  also, 
sometimes  applied  to  the  act  of  tying  an  artery 
or  considerable  vessel.  When  the  artery  alone 
is  tied,  the  ligature  is  said  to  be  immediate,- 
when  any  of  the  surrounding  parts  are  included, 
it  is  said  to  be  mediate.  The  ligature  occasions 
obliteration  or  adhesion  of  the  arterial  parietes, 
by  cutting  through  its  middle  and  internal 
coats;  the  adhesion  being  favoured  by  the  for- 
mation of  a  coagulum,  which  acts,  in  some  de- 
cree, as  a  barrier  against  the  impulse  of  the 
blood,  and  subsequently  disappears  by  absorp- 
tion. 

LIGHT,  Sax.  leohc,  lint,  (G.)  L  i  c  li  t— 
Lux,  La  men,  Plms,  (F.)  Lumiere.  An  extreme- 
ly rare  fluid,  diffused  over  the  universe;  ema- 
nating from  the  sun  and  fixed  stars;  traversing 
more  than  four  millions  of  leagues  in  a  minute; 
passing  through  transparent  bodies,  which  re 
tract  it  according  to  their  density  and  combus- 
tibility; and  arrested  by  opake  bodies,  by  which 
it  i-i  reflected  at  an  angle  equal  to  the  angle  of 
incidence.  It  is  the  cause  of  colour  in  all  bo- 
di<  s;  being  entirely  reflected  by  w  bite  surfaces 
and  absorbed  by  black.  It  is  decomposed  in 
passing  through  a  transparent  prism  into  seven 
rays,  viz.  into  red,  orange,  yellow,  green,  blue, 
purple,  and  violet. 

Light  acts  upon  the  body  as  a  gentle  and 
Military  stimulus  It  urges  to  exercise,  whilst 
privation  of  it  induces  sleep  and  inactivity,  and 
disposes  to  obesity.  Hence  it  is.  that,  in  rural 
economy,  animals,  which  are  undergoing  the 
process  of  fattening,  are  kept  in  obscurity. 
When  vegetables  are  deprived  of  light,  their 
nutrition  is  interfered  with,  and  they  become 
sHoliipd.  To  a  ceitain  extent  this  applies  to  j 
animals,  and  theie  is  every  reason  to  believe, 
that  want  of  light  prevents  the  due  develop, 
nient  of  oiganiz-d  bodies.  It  has  been  found; 
that  when  tadpoles  wcie  deprived  of  light,  they 
did  not  undergo  ihe  perfect  metamorphosis  into 
the  frog,  hut  that,  monstrosities  from  arrest  of 
development  were  induced. 

LIGHTNING,  Astrape 

LIGHTS,  RISING  OF  THE,  Cynanchc 
trachelitis. 

LIGXE,  Line—/.  Apre,  Linea  aspera—/. 
B/anrlie,  Linea  alba — /  Court*,  Curved  line— /. 
Mediaue  de  I' abdomen.  Linea  alba—/.  Sous-tra- 
tka.nleri.rnne.  Linea  aspera. 

LIGNIN.  from  Lignum,  'wood.'  Ligneous, 
or  woody  fibre:  the  fibrous  structure  of  vege- 
table substances. 

LIGNUM  ALOES.  Agalloehnm— 1  Asoala- 
tlii,  A  ga  I  loch  it  m — I.  Benedict  u  in.  G  uaiacuul— I. 
Brasilianuin  rubrmn,  EuBmntoxyion  campechia- 
num — 1.  Caeruleum,  Hamiatoxylon  campcchia- 


num— -1.  Campechense,  Haematoxylon  cam- 
pechianum—1.  Campechianum,  Haematoxylon 
campechianum — 1.  Campescanum,  Hamiatoxy- 
lon  campechianum — 1.  Colubrinuin,  see  Strych- 
nos — 1.  Heematoxyli,  Haematoxylon  campechia- 
num— 1.  Indicum,  Guaiacum,  Hasmatoxylon 
campechianum — 1.  Infelix,  Sambucus — 1.  Ne- 
phriticum,  Guilandina  Moringa  (the  wood) — 1. 
Pavana?,  Croton  tiglium — 1.  Quassias,  see  Quas- 
sia— I.  Sanctum,  Guaiacum — 1.  Sappan,  Haema- 
toxylon campechianum — 1.  Serpentum,  Ophi- 
oxylum  serpentinum — 1.  Vitae,  Guaiacum. 

LIG1NYODES,  Fuliginous. 

LIG'ULA  or  LIN'GULA.  The  clavicle, 
(q.  v.;)  also,  the  glottis,  (q.  v.)  and  epiglottis, 
(q.  v.)  Also,  a  measure  containing  3  drachms 
and  a  scruple.  Scribonius.  Also,  a  species  of 
bandage  or  lio-ature  — Scribonius. 

LIGTJSTICUM  FCENICULUM,  Anethum. 

Ligus'ticum  Levis'ticum,  from  A  yen*.  (, 
appertaining  to  Ligur'ia.  Levisticum,  Laserpi- 
tium  German! icum,  L'gusticum,  Lavage,  (F.) 
Liveche,  Jiche  des  montagnes.  The  properties  of 
this  plant  are  said  to  be  stimulant,  carminative, 
emmenagogue,  Ate. 

Ligusticum  Podagra'rja,  JEgopo'dium  po- 
da graria ,  Ses' 'eii  agopd 'dium,  Angel' ica  sylves1 'tris. 
Goat  weed.  A  British  plant,  once  considered 
useful  in  cases  of  gout. 

LIGUSTRUM  ^EGYPTIACUM,  Lawsonia 
inermis. 

Ligus'trum  Vulga'rk,  Privet,  Privy.  (F.) 
Tra'ene.  A  shrub,  which  grows  wild  both  in 
Europe  and  the  United  States,  usually  in 
hedges.  The  leaves  are  astringent  and  bitter: 
and  the  flowers,  which  are  snow  while,  and  of 
an  agreeable  odour,  have  been  employed  in  de- 
coction in  sore  throat,  and  ulcerous  stomatitis 
The  berries  are  said  to  be  cathartic. 

LIGYSM A.  Distortion. 

LILAC,  COMMON,  Syringa  vulgaris. 

LI  LI.  Lilinm  Paracelsi. 

LI  LI  A' GO.  Dim.  of  Lil'ium,  the  lily- 
Spidei zoort ,■  Lit  as' tram.  This  plant  was  for- 
merly said  to  be  al^xipharmic  and  carminative. 

LILIASTRUM.  Liliago. 

LILIUM  CAN'DIDUM.  Crinan,  L.  album. 
The  white  lily.  (F.)  Lis  Idanc.  The  infusion  of 
the  flowers  of  the  lily  in  olive  oil  is  emollient, 
and  often  applied  externally,  under  the  name 
of  Lily  o>l.  (F.)  Haile  de  lis.  The  scales  of  the 
bulb,  roasted,  are  sometimes  employed  as  ma- 
luratives. 

Li  mum  Cosvai.i.ium,  Convallaria  maialis. 

Ln  iom  Paraokl'si  or  Tinctu'ra  Mktai.lo'- 
rom,  Lilim  A  medicine  employed  by  Paracel- 
sus It  was  prepared  by  melting  in  a  crucible 
four  ounces  of  each  of  the  following  alloys: 
Antimony  and  iron,  antimony  and  tin.  antimony 
and  caliper,  previously  mixed  with  eighteen 
ounces  oi  nitrate  of  potass  and  as  much  salt  of 
tartar.  The  melted  mass,  when  pulverized, 
was  treated  with  rectified  alcohol,  which  really 
dissolved  only  the  potass  set  at  liberty  by  the 
decomposition  experienced  by  the  nitre  and  salt 
of  tartar.  The  L'/inin  Paracelsi  was  used  as  a 
eoidia!  It  entered  into  the  composition  of  the 
theriacal  elixir,  iVc. 

LILY.  GROUND,  Trillium  latifolium— 1 
May.  Convallaria  maialis -1.  Pond,  Nelumbium 
luteuiu  —  I  Pond.  White.  Nymphxa  odorata — 1 
Toad,  Nymphxa  odorata —  I.  of  the  Valley.  Con- 
vallaria maialis— 1.  Water,  Little,  Brasenia  hy- 


LIMA,  CLIMATE  OF 


444 


LINGILE  DETENTOR 


dropeltis — 1.  Water,  Sweet,  NympbEca  odorata 
— 1.  Water,  sweet-scented,  Nymphaea  odorata 
1.  Water,  white,  Nymphaea  alba— 1.  Water,  yel- 
low, Nymphspa  lutea — 1.  White,  Liliurn  candi- 
dum,  Nelumbium  luteum. 

LIMA,  (CLIMATE  OF.)  The  climate  of 
Peru  does  not  appear  to  be  favourable  to  the 
generation  of  consumption;  and  Lima  would 
seem  to  be  a  good  residence  for  the  phthisical 
valetudinarian.  Many  have  been  benefited  by 
a  residence  there;  but  when  they  have  gone 
farther  south,  as  to  Chili,  the  effect,  according 
to  Dr.  M.  Burrough,  has  generally  been  fatal. 

LIMACIEN,  (F.)  from  limacon,  the  cochlea  of 
the  ear.  A  branch  of  the  acoustic  or  labyrin- 
thic  nerve  sent  to  the  cochlea. 

LIMACON,  Cochlea  Limax— /.  Rampes  du, 
see  Cochlea. 

LIMANCHIA,  Abstinence. 

LIMAX,  Helix,  the  Slug  or  Snail.  (F.)  Li- 
macon, Colimacon,  Escargot.  A  syrup  has  been 
prepared  from  these  animals,  which  has  been 
given  in  phthisis,  &.c.  The  raw  snails  have 
also  been  taken  in  consumption.  They  were 
used  as  food. 

LIMB,  Membrum. 

LIMBUS  LUTEUS  RETINAE,  see  Foramen 
centrale — 1.  Posterior  corporis  striati,  Taenia 
seinicircularis. 

LIME.  A  fruit  like  a  small  lemon,  the  juice 
of  which  is  strongly  acid,  and  much  used  for 
making  punch.  It  is,  also,  used  in  long  voy- 
ages as  an  antiscorbutic,  &c.  It  is  a  species  of 
lemon. 

Lime,  Calx — 1.  Carbonate  of,  Creta — 1.  Chlo- 
ride of,  Calcis  chloridum — 1.  Muriate  of,  Calcis 
chloridum — 1.  Muriate  of,  solution  of,  see  Calcis 
murias — 1.  Sulphuret  of,  Calcis  sulphuretum — 
S.  Tree,  Tilia— 1.  Water,  Liquor  calcis— 1.  Wa- 
ter, compound,  Liquor  calcis  compositus. 

LIMITROPHES,  see  Trisplanchnic  nerve. 

LIMNE,  Marsh. 

LIMNE'MIC,  Limnse'  mic,Limnltc'  mic,  Limna- 
micus,  Limnhce'micus,  from  \iurrj,  'a  marsh,'  and 
'■a.if.ia,  'blood.'  An  epithet  given  to  affections 
induced  by  paludal  emanations.  (F.)  Affections 
limnhemiques. 

LIMOCTONIA,  Abstinence.  Abstinence  to 
death.  Death  from  hunger,  from  Xnioc,  '  hun- 
ger, '  and  xtoi'Oc,  '  death.' 

LIMON,  see  Citrus  medica. 

LIMONADA,  Lemonade. 

LIMONADE,  Lemonade — /.  Gazeuse,9?e  Le- 
monade— /.  Sechc,  Lemonade,  dry;  see  Citric 
acid. 

LIMON-IUM,  Statice  limonium— 1.  Malum, 
see  Citrus  medica. 

LIMON UM  BACCA.  see  Citrus  medica. 

LIMOS.  faf*og,  '  hunger.'  (q.  v  )  Hence: 

LIMO'SIS,  finrn  Ziuoc,  '  hunger.'  Stomach 
disease,  Morbid  appetite.  A  genus  in  the  class 
Cceliaca,  order  Enterica,  of  Good 

Limosis  Cardiai.gia  Mordens,  Cardialgia— 
1.  Cardialgia  sputatoria,  Pyrosis — I.  Dyspepsia, 
Dyspepsia — I.  Expers,  Anoiexia —  I.  Expers 
protracta,  Fasting — I.  Flatus,  Flatulence — 1 
Helluonum.  Gluttony — 1.  Pica,  Malacia. 

LIMOTHERAPEFA,  Nestitherapy  a,  Nesto- 
therapci'a,  Nestiatria,  from  Into;,  '  hunger,'  and 
■»i/>antia, '  treatment.'  Hunger-jure.  Cure  by 
fasti  no-. 

LIN,  Linum  usitatissimirm— /.   Graines  de; 


see  Linum  usitatissimum — /.  Purgatif,  Linnm 
catharticum. 

LINAIRE,  Antirhinum  linaria. 

LINAMENTUM,  Carbasus. 

LINARIA,  Antirhinum  linaria — 1.  Vulgaris. 
Antirhinum  linaria. 

LINCTUARIUM,  Eclectos. 

LINCTUS,  Eclectos — 1.  Albus,  Looch  album 
— 1.  Amygdalinus,  Looch  album — 1.  ad  Aphthas, 
Mel  boracis — l.de  Horace,  Mel  boracis — 1.  Com- 
munis, Looch  album. 

LINDEN  TREE,  Tilia. 

LINE,  Lin'ea,  Gramme,  (F.)  Eigne.  Extent 
in  length,  considered  without  regard  to  breadth 
or  thickness. 

Median  Line  of  the  Body  is  an  imaginary 
line  supposed  to  set  out  from  the  top  of  the 
head  and  to  fall  between  the  feet,  so  as  to  di- 
vide the  body  vertically  into  two  equal  and 
symmetrical  parts. 

LINE  A,  Line. 

Linea  Alba,  (F.)  Ligne  blanche,  Ligne  me- 
diane  de  i 'abdomen,  (Ch.)  Candid'ula  abdom'inis 
lin'ea,  Lin'ea  centra'lis.  A  tendinous,  strong,  and 
highly  resisting  cord  ;  extending  from  the  en- 
siiorm  cartilage  of  the  sternum  to  the  symphy- 
sis pubis,  with  the  umbilicus  near  its  middle. 
The  linea  alba  is  formed  by  the  decussation  of 
the  aponeurosis  of  the  abdominal  muscles:  and 
its  use  is  to  limit  the  movement  of  the  cheat 
backwards;  to  prevent  it  from  separating  too 
far  from  the  pelvis, and  to  furnish  a  fixed  point 
for  the  muscles  of  the  abdomen,  in.  their  con- 
traction. 

Linea  As'pera,  (F.)  Ligne  apre.  Ragged 
ridge,  Ligne  sous-trochantcrienne,  (Ch.)  A 
rough  projection  at  the  posterior  surface  of  the 
femur,  which  gives  attachment  to  muscles. 

Linea  Candidula  Abdominis,  L.  alba — 1. 
Centralis,  L.  alba — 1.  Innominata,  L.  ilio-pec- 
tinea. 

LINE.E  SEMILUNA'RES  are  the  lines, 
which  bound  the  outer  margin  of  the  recti  mus- 
cles of  the  abdomen.  They  are  formed  by  the 
union  of  the  abdominal  tendons.  The  lines 
which  cross  these  muscles  are  called  Linese 
transrer'  sse. 

Line*  Transversa,  see  L.  semilunares. 

LINMIRE,  Linear., 

LIN'EAMENT,  Lin eamen! turn,  from  /</?««, 'a 
line.'  A  delicate  trait  observed  on  the  counte- 
nance, which  constitutes  its  special  character, 
enables  us  to  preserve  its  image,  and  is  the 
cause  of  resemblance  to  others.     A  feature. 

Bonnet  gave  the  name  Lineament  to  the  first 
traces  of  organization  in  the  embryo  of  man  and 
animals. 

LIN 'EAR,  Linea'ris.  Same  etymon.  (F) 
Line1  aire.  Pathologists  apply  the  epithet  linear 
to  fractures  which  are  very  narrow, and  in  which 
the  fragments  are  scarcely  separated. 

LINR'OLA;  diminutive  of  Linea,  'a  line.' 
A  small  line. 

LINE'OL.'E  MAMMA'RUM.  The  white 
lines  on  the  breasts. 

LINGUA,  Tongue — 1.  Bovis,  Anchnsa  offici- 
nalis— 1.  Canina,  Cynoglossnm — 1.  Cervina,  As- 
plenium  scolopendrium — 1.  Prognosis  ex,Glos- 
somantia — I.  Serpentaria,  Ophioglossum  vulga- 
tum. 

Lingua  Detentor,  Glossocatochus — 1.  Ex- 
oncosis,  Glossoncus — 1   Scalpium,  Cure  lungue. 


LINGUAL 


445 


LINIMENTUM  CANTHARIDIS 


LlN'GUAL,  Lingua'lis,  from  lingua,  '  the 
tongue.'     Relating  or  belonging  to  the  tongue. 

Lingual  Ak'terv,  Jlrle'ria  lingua'lis,  arises 
from  the  external  carotid;  and,  after  several 
tortuosities,  reaches  the  base  of  the  tongue,  be- 
comes horizontal,  and,  under  the  name  Ranine, 
advances  to  the  tip,  where  it  anastomoses  with 
its  fellow.  In  ils  course,  it  gives  off  the  Dor- 
sulis  linguw  and  sublingual. 

Lingual  Muscle,  Lingua'lis,  Basio-glossus. 
(Cowper.)  Clossia'nus  is  a  small,  long,  fasci- 
culus of  fibres,  hidden  beneath  the  sides  of  the 
tongue,  between  the  hyoglossus  and  styloglos- 
sus muscles,  which  are  on  the  outside,  and  the 
genioglossus,  within.  This  muscle  passes  from 
the  base  to  the  tip  of  the  tongue;  and.  at  its 
'5ides,  is  confounded  with  the  muscles  just  re- 
ierred  to.  It  shortens  the  tongue,  depresses  its 
point, and  can  carry  it  to  the  right  or  left  side. 

Lingual  Nerve  is  a  name  which  has  been 
given  to  the  ninth  pair  or  hypoglossus;  which 
see.  Lingual  nerve  is,  also,  a  term  applied  to  a 
branch  given  off  from  the  Inferior  maxillary ,  or 
third  branch  of  the  fifth  pair.  Near  its  origin  it 
anastomoses  with,  or  simply  runs  close  to,  the 
chorda  tympani.  It  afterwards  gives  off  a  con- 
siderable number  of  filaments,  which  are  dis- 
tributed to  the  tongue,  and  some  of  which  are 
said  to  have  heen  even  traced  as  far  as  the  pa- 
pillae;—a  distribution  which  has  occasioned  it 
to  be  n^arued  as  the  Gustatory  nerve,  (F .)  Nerf 
gustatif. 

Lingual  Vein  follows  nearly  the  same  dis- 
tribution as  the  artery.  It  opens  into  the  in- 
ternal jugular. 

LINGUA  LIS,  Lingual  muscle. 

LINGULA,  Ligula. 

LINI  USITATISS1MI  SEMINA,  see  Linum 
usitatissirnum. 

LIN'IMENT,  Linimen'tum,  Litus,  Enchri/ton, 
Catac.hris'ton,  Perick'risis,  P  ( richris'  ion  ,Aleiph'  a , 
Aleim'tua.  Eurhris'ta,  Friclum,  Fricato'rium,  fn- 
undtio,  from  linire,  '  to  anoint  gently,'  '  to 
anoint.'  An  unctuous  medicine,  containing 
usually  oil  or  lard,  and  which  is  used  externally 
in  the  form  of  friction. 

LINIMENT  AMMONIACAL,  Linimentum 
ammonite  —  /.  de  Carbonate  d'Ammoniaque,  Li- 
nimenlum  ammonias  carbonatis. 

LINIMENT  ANTIHEMORRHOID  ALE  DE 
S1EUR  ANDRY  (F.)  This  is  formed  of  Nar- 
bonne  honey,  Olive  oil  and  Turpentine 

LINIMENT  ANT1P ARALYTIQUE,  (F.) 
Composed  of  subcarbonate  of  ammonia,  alcoho- 
II i  black  soap,  and  oil  of  rosemary. 

Liniment,  Antiscrof'u i.ous,  of  Hufeland. 
It  is  composed  itffies/t  ox's  gall,  White  soap,  Un- 
guentum althse'oe,  Volatile  oil  of  petroleum,  Car- 
bonate of  ammonia,  and  Camphor. 

LINIMENT  CALCAIRE,  Linimentnm  aquas 
calcis — I.  Camphor.  Linimentnm  camphors; — /. 
Camphri,  Linimentnm  camphoras — I.  of  Cart- 
iharides,  camphorated,  Linimentnm  e  canthari- 
dibus  camphoratiim  —  /.  Cantharide  camphri, 
Linimentnm  e  cantharidibus  eamphoratum  —  /. 
d'Ean  de  chaux,  Linimentum  aquae  calcis— 1.  of 
Lime  water,  Linimentum  aipis  calcis  —  /.  de 
'■'.c:  cure,  Linimentum  hydrargyri — 1.  Mercurial, 
Liniment  u  m  hydrarjryri. 

LINtMENT  R&SOLUTIF  DE  POTT,  com- 
posed of  oil of  turpentine  and  muriatic  acid.  Used 
leumatism,  <cc. 

Ljuihest,  Saikt  John  Long's.    A  liniment 


used  by  a  celebrated  empiric  at  the  commence- 
ment of  the  second  quarter  of  the  1'Jth  century. 
It  is  said  to  have  consisted  of  oil  of  turpentine, 
and  acetic  acid,  held  in  suspension  by  yolk  of 
egg. 

LINIMENT  DE  SA  VON,  Linimentum  sapo- 
nis  compositum — I.  de  Savon  opiace,  Linimen- 
tum saponis  et  opii. 

LINIMENT  SAVONNEUX  HYDRO SUL- 
FURE  DE  JADELOT.  Composed  oUulphuret 
of  potass,  gvj,  white  soap  Ibij,  oil  of  poppy  Ibiv, 
oil  of  thyme  £ij :  used  in  itch. 

Liniment,  Simple,  Linimentum  simplex— 1. 
Soap,  Linimentum  saponis — l.Soap  and  opium, 
Linimentum  saponis  et  opii— 1.  Soap,  compound, 
Linimentum  saponis  compos. — 1.  Turpentine, 
Linimentum  terebinthinss — 1.  of  Verdigris,  Li- 
nimentum anruginis — /.  de  Vert-de-gris,  Linimen- 
tum aeruginis — /.  Volatil,  Linimentum  ammoniae 
fortius. 

LIN  I  ME  N'T  UM  ^RU'GINIS,  Oi'ymel 
JEru' ginis,  Unguen'tum  JEgyp'tiacum,  Mell'i- 
tum  de  acc/a'te  cvpri,  Liniment  of  verdigris, 
(F.)  Liniment  de  Vert-de-gris,  Aliel  d'acitate  de 
cuivrc.  (JErugin.  cont.  !|j,  acet.  ,^vij,  mellis 
despum.  pond.  §xiv.  Liquefied,  strained,  and 
inspissated  by  boiling.  Ph.  L.)  It  is  used  as 
an  escharotic  and  detergent; — diluted,  as  a  gar- 
gle in  venereal  ulcerations  and  in  foul  ulcers. 

Linimentum  Album,  Ceratum  cetacei,  Un- 
guentum  cetacei — 1.  ad  Arnbustiones,  L.  aquae 
calcis. 

Linimentum  Ammo'nije,  Sapo  ammoniaca'lis, 
Linimentum  ammonia' turn  seu  ammo'nicum  seu 
An<rlica'num,  Sapo  ammo' nix  olea'ceus,  Unguent  - 
tuui  album  resol'vens,  Oleum  ammonia' In  in,  Li- 
niment am  ammoniae,  Strong  liniment  of  ammo- 
nia, (F  )  Liniment,  volatil  on  amrnoniac.al,  Savon 
ammoniacal.  (Liq.  amnion,  f.  5|j,  olei  olivx, 
f.  gij.  Mix.  PL  V.  S.)  A  stimulating  and 
rubefacient  soap. 

Linimentum  Ammo'nije  Carbona'tis,  Lini- 
ment of  subcarbonate  of  ammo'nia,  Linimentum 
amnv/nise,  Linimentum  volat.'ilE;  Hartshorn  and 
oil,  (F.)  Liniment  de  carbonate  d'ammoniaque* 
(Sulat.  subcurb.  ammon.  f.  j^j,  olei  aliv.  f.  ,^iij. 
Shake  till  they  unite.)  A  stimulating  lini- 
ment, niosVly  used  to  relieve  rheumatic  pains, 
bruises,  &c. 

Linimentum  Ammoniatum  seu  Ammonicum, 
L.  ammoniae  fortis — 1.  Anglicanum,  L.  Ammo- 
niae forlis — 1.  ad  Aphthas,  Mel  boracis. 

Linimentum  Aquje  Calcis,  Linimentum  Cal- 
cis, (Ph.  U.  S.)  Oleum  lini  cum  cake,  Supo  cal- 
ca'rius,  Linimentum  ad  ambustio'nes,  Liniment 
of  lime  water,  (F.)  Liniment  d'eau  de  chavx, 
Savon  calcaire,  Liniment  calcaire.  (Obi  lini 
aqusc  calcis,  partes  acqisales.  Misce.)  A  cooling 
and  emollient  application  to  burns  and  scalds. 

Linimentum  Arcjei,  Un^uentum  elemi  com 
posilum — 1.  de  Borate,  Mel  boracis — 1.  Calcis, 
L.  aquae  calcis. 

Linimentum  Camp'hor>e,  Oleum  camphora'- 
tum,  Sola' do  camp  horse  o/eo'sa,  Camp/tor  lini- 
ment, (F  )  Liniment  Camphri.  [Camphors,  giv, 
olivx  olei  f.  §ij.  Dissolve.)  It  is  used  as  a  sti- 
mulant and  discutient. 

L  1  N  1  M  E  N  T  U  M  C  A  M  P  H  O  n  iE  C  O  M  P  O  s'l  T  U  M, 

Ward's  essence  for  the  headache,  Campania!  cam- 
phor liniment  (Camphor  Sij,  liq.  ammoniae  f.  §ij, 
spirit.  luvand.f.Oy  Ph.L.)  It  is  stimulant  aid 
anodyne. 

Linimentum  Canthar'idis,  Liniment  of  Spa- 


LINIMENTUM,  &c. 


446 


LIPS 


nisk  Flics,  (Cantharid.  in  pnlv.gj:  01.  Terebinth. 
Oss.  Digest  for  three  hours  by  means  of  a 
water  bath,  and  strain.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Used  as  an 
excitant  liniment  in  typhus,  &c. 

LlNIMENTUM    E  CaNTH  ARIl/l  BUS  CaMPHORa'- 

tum,  Camphor a' led  liniment  of  cant  liar' ides,  (F.) 
L.  cantharide  camphrc,  (Tinct.  canlharid.^ss,  ol. 
amygd.  dulc.  ^iv,  sapon.  amygd.  5J,  camphor 
sjss.  Dissolve  the  camphor  in  the  oil,  and  add 
this  mixtuie  to  the  tincture  and  soap.  Ph.  P.) 
Rubefacient  and  discuiient. 

Lin  imentumHydrar' gyri,  Mereufrial liniment , 
(F. )  L  de  mcrcure,  (Ung.  Hyd.  foil.,  adip.  prxp. 
aa  ^iv,  camphorse  #^j,  sp-  reel.  glt-  xv,  liquor  am- 
nion, f.  5iv.  Rub  the  camphor  with  the  spirit; 
add  the  ointment  and  lard;  and,  lastly,  gra- 
dually add  the  solution.  Ph.  L.)  It  is  used  as 
n  stimulant  and  discutient  to  venereal  swell- 
ings, &c. 

Linimentum  PLUMBATUM,Ungtientum  plumbi 
superacetatis — 1.  Saponaceum  opiatum,  L.  sa- 
ponis  et  opii. 

LlNlMKNTUM  SaPONa'ceUM  HvnROSULPHU  R  a'- 

tum.  (Common  Soap. 500  p.  Liquefy  in  a  water 
bath  in  an  earthen  vessel;  and  add  while  poppy 
oil,  250  p.  Mix  intimately,  and  add  dry  sul- 
phuret  of  potass,  100  p  Beat  together,  and  add 
oilqf  poppy-seed,  750  p.  Ph.  P.)  In  cutaneous 
affections,  psora,  herpes,  &c. 

LiNiMKNTUM  Sapo'nis  Tinctu'ra saponis cam- 
pltora'ta  (Ph  U  S  )  Camphorated  Tincture  of 
Soap,  Soap  Liniment.  (Saponis  concis.  '^iv: 
camphor.  §ij,  Ol.  Rosmarin.  f.  ^ss.  alcohol  Oij. 
Digest  the  soap  and  alcohol  in  a  water  bath, 
until  the  former  is  dissolved;  filter,  and  add  the 
camphor  and  oil — Ph.  U.  S.)  Used  in  sprains, 
bruises  and  as  an  embrocation. 

Linimf.ntum  Sapo'nis  Camphora'tum,  L.  & 
rompos'itum,  Tinclura  saponis  camphor  a.' ta.  Opo- 
del'doch.  Steer's  opodeldoch,  (F.)  L.  de  Savon. 
Compound  soap  Liniment.  (Sapon.  vulgar. 
^iij.  Camphor  ^j,  Ol.  Rosmarini,  Ol.  Origan. 
aa  f.  !jj  Alcohol  Oj.  Digest  the  soap  with  the 
alcohol  in  a  sand  bath,  until  it  is  dissolved; 
then  add  the  camphor  and  oils,  and  when 
they  are  dissolved,  pour  the  liquor  into  broad- 
inouthed  bottles. —  Ph.  U.  S  )  Stimulant  and 
anodyne;  in  bruises,  local  pains.  &c. 

Freeman's  Bathing  Spirits  consist  of lin.  sapon. 
romp,  coloured  with  Duff  if  s  elixir. 

Jackson's  Bathing  Spirits  differ  from  Free- 
man's in  the  addition  of  some  essential  oils. 

Linimentum  Sapo'nis  et  Opii,  L.  sapnna'- 
rcum  opi'i'lum,  Soap  and  opium  liniment.  Bates's 
anodyne,  balsam,  Bnlsamum  anod'ynvm.  Tinctura 
saponis  et  opii,  (F.)  L.  de  saron  opincc.  (Snpo- 
nis  duri%\\,  opii^i.  campharse  ^ij,  nlci.  rorisma- 
rin.  f.  ^ss.  alcohol  Oij.  Ph.  E.)  Anodyne;  in 
chronic  rheumatism  and  local  pains  in  general. 

Linimentum  Simplex,  Simple  liniment.  (Ol 
oliv.4  p.  cerse  all/as  1  p.  fiat  linimentum.  Ph.E.) 
Emollient,  used  in  chaps,  &c. 

Linimentum  Simplex.  Unguentum  cerre. 

Linimentum  Terebin'thin^  ,  Tor  pin' line,  li- 
niment. (Cecal,  resinse,  tbj,  ol.  terebinth.  Oss. 
Melt  the  cerate  and  stir  in  the  oil.)  A  stimu- 
lant; applied  to  hums,  &c. 

Linimentum  Volatile,  L.  ammonia;  carbo- 
natis. 

LINN.E'A  BOREA'LIS.  This  plant,  called 
after  Linnseus,  has  a  hitler,  snbastringent  laste; 
and  is  used,  in  some  places,  in  the  form  of  fo- 
mentation, in  rheumatic  pains.     An   infusion 


m  milk  is  used  in  Switzerland  for  the  cure  of 
sciatica. 

LINOSPERMUM,see  Linum  usitatissimum. 

LINSEED,  see  Linum  usitatissimum. 

LINT,  Carbasus,  Linteum. 

LINTEAMKN,  Linteum,  Pledget. 

LhVTEUiVI,  Linte.a'men,  Othfo?iS,  Othon'ion, 
Xystos,  AclmS,  Lint.  A  soft,  Hocculent  sub- 
stance, made  by  scraping  old  linen  cloth;  and 
employed  in  surgery  as  a  dressing  to  wounds, 
ulcers,  &c,  either  simply  or  covered  with  oint- 
ment. 

Linteum  Carptum,  Carbasus. 

LINUM,  see  Linum  usitatissimum. 

Linum  Cathar'ticum.  L.min'imum,  Chamse- 
li'num,  Purging  fax,  or  Jlli/7  mountain,  (F.)  Lin 
purgatif  This  plant  is  possessed  of  cathartic 
properties,  and  has  a  bitterish,  disagreeable 
taste.    Dose,  £j  in  substance. 

Linum  Crudum,  see  Apolinosis— 1.  Mini- 
mum, L.  Calharticum. 

Linum  Usitatis'simum,  Common  flax,  (F.) 
Lin.  The  seed,  Linum,  (Ph.  U.  S.)  Se.m'ina 
lini  usilalis'simi,  Linosper'mam.  Linseed,  Flux- 
seed,  (F.)  Grains  de  lin,  are  inodorous,  and 
almost  tasteless;  yielding  mucilage  to  warm 
water,  and  oil  by  expression.  They  are  demul- 
cent and  emollient.  Linseed,  when  ground 
into  powder,  forms  a  good  emollient  poultice. 
It  is  only  necessary  to  stir  the  powder  into  boil- 
ing water.  The  oil.  Oleum  lini,  Flaxseed  w7,  is 
emollient  and  demulcent. 

LIOJVD EjVT,  Leontodon  taraxacum. 

LION'S  FOOT,  Prenanthes— l.Tail,  Leonu- 
rus. 

LIP,  Sax.  and  Germ.  L  i  p  p  e,  Cheihs,  Ln'- 
bium,  Lcibrum,  (F.)  Lenre.  The  lips  are  com- 
posed of  different  muscular  fasciculi,  nerves, 
and  vessels,  covered  by  the  skin  and  mucous 
membrane  of  the  mouth.  They  circumscribe 
the  anterior  apeiture  of  that  cavity;  and  are 
inservient  to  mastication,  pronunciation,  &c. 
They  ore  distinguished  into  upper  and  lower — 
Jinoche.i'lnn,  and  Catochei'lon — and  are  placed 
in  front  of  each  jaw,  forming  the  anterior  aper- 
ture of  the  mouth  between  them.  They  unite 
at  each  side,  and  form  what  are  called  the 
angles  or  commissures  of  the  mouth — Chulini. 
Their  free  edge  is  covered  with  a  mucous  mem- 
brane, of  a  more  or  less  vivid  red,  according  to 
the  individual.  They  receive  their  arteries 
from  the  external  carotid.  Their  veins  open 
into  the  two  jugulars.  Their  lymphatic  vessels 
descend  into  the  ganglions,  situate  beneath  the 
chin.  Their  nerves  are  derived  from  the  infra- 
orbital mental,  and  facial. 

Lii's,  Labia.  (F.)  Lerres  de  la  vulre,  are  folds 
belonging  to  the  genital  organs  of  the  remflle, 
and  distinguished  into — I.  Labia  vnden'di,  La- 
bia majo'ra.Episi'a,  Alsemojo'res,  Crem'noi,  (F.) 
Granites  Lerres-  These  are  two  membranous 
folds,  thicker  above  than  below,  which  limit 
the  vulva  laterally,  and  extend  from  the  infe- 
rior part  of  the  mons  veneris  to  the  peiinanim. 
They  unite  anteriorly  and  posteriorly,  forming 
commissures:  the  posterior  of  which  is  called 
Fourchette.  Their  outer  surface  is  convex; 
formed  of  skin  and  covered  with  hair.  The 
inner  surface  is  red  and  covered  by  a  mucous 
membrane,  continuous  with  that  lining  the 
other  parts  of  the  vu  va  The  spare  between 
the  skin  and  mucous  membrane  is  filled  with  a 
fatty  tissue  and  fibrous  bands,  some  fibres  of 


LI  PA 


447   LIQUOR  AMMONITE  SUBCARBONATIS 


the  constrictor  vagina;  muscle,   vessels,  and 
nerves. 

We  speak,  also,  of  the  lips  of  a  wound,  ulcers, 
■Sec,  when  alluding  to  the  edges  of  these  solu- 
tions of  continuity. 

LIPA.  /.ma,  fat;  also,  Lippitudo,  (q.  v) 
LIPARA,   from    iinaQog,   'fatty,'   and    Xina, 
-  fat.'     Plasters,  containing  much  oil  or  fat. 
LIPA  111  A.  see  P-olysarca. 

LI  P  AROCE'LE,  Lipoce'lS,  from  Xtnagog, '  fat- 
ly,'and  y.1,11],  'tumour.'  A  Lipo'ma,  or  fatty 
tumour  of  ihe  scrotum. 

LIPAHOLE,  Pomatum,  Pommade. 

LIPEMANIA,  Melancholy,  see  Lypemania. 

LIPHyEMOS,  Leiphsemos. 

LIPO  or  LEIPO,  ittnw,  'I  leave,'  '  I  forsake.' 
Hence.  Leipopsuchia,  Leipotkymia. 

LIPOCELE,  Liparocele. 

LIPODERMOS,  Leipodermos. 

LIPO'MA,  Lypo'ma,  from  Xtnos,  'fat,'  'a 
fatty  tumour.'  A  fatty  tumour,  of  an  encysted 
or  other  character. 

LIPOME'RIA,  Leipome'ria,  from  Itmui,  'I 
leave,'  and  uinoc.  'a  part.'  Monstrosity  from 
arrest  of  development,  or  from  dpfect.  Defi- 
ciency of  one  or  more  of  the  parts  of  the  body; 
for  example,  where  a  person  has  only  four 
fingers. 

LIPOS.  Pinjniedo. 

LIPOTHYMIA,  Syncope. 

LIPPA.  Chassie. 

LIPPIA.  Adali. 

LIPPITU'DO,  Ophtkafmiachron'ica  of  some. 
fjppiiude,  Blear-eye,,  Lfippa,  Lipa,  Xerophthal- 
mia, Lenta,  Leme,  Glama,  Gra'mia.  A  copious 
secretion  of  ihe  sebaceous  humour  of  the  eye- 
lids, which  renders  them  gummy.  It  is  a  state 
of  chronic  inflammation  of  the  tarsal  margins; 
the  eyelids  being  generally  red,  tumefied,  and 
painful. 

Lippitudo  Neonatorum,  see  Ophthalmia. 

LIP  PUS,  Chassieuz. 

LI PSOTRICH'IA;  from  ^EiV'if.Moss,'' falling 
*ff,' and  dn%,  genitive  7/n^og,  'hair.'  Falling 
off  of  the  hair.     Baldness. 

LlQl'AM  U'MIA,  Jldcps  huma'nus.  Human 
fat — Kuland  and  Johnson. 

LIQUARIUM,  Syrupus  simplex. 

L1QUATIO,  Liquefaction. 

LIQUEFA'CIENT,  Liquej a' dens,  from  Vqui- 
dun,  'liquid,'  and  fucere,  'to  make.'  A  medici- 
nal agent,  which  seems  to  have  the  power  of 
liquefying  solid  depositions.  To  this  class  mer- 
cury, iodine,  &e.  have  been  referred  by  some. 

LIQUEFACTION,  Liqua'tio,  Ltquefadtio ,- 
(same  etymon.)  Transformation  of  a  solid  sub- 
stance into  a  liquid.  It  is  used  particularly  in 
speaking  of  metals  and  fatly  bodies. 

LIQUEUR  D'ALUMLVE  COMPOSEE,  Li 
quor  aluininia  compos. — /.  Arsenicale,  Liquor 
arsenicahs— /.  Fumanle  de  Boyle,  Ammonite 
■ulphuretum — /.  Fumante  de  Boyle,  Liquor  fu- 
mans  Boylii — /.  Volatile  de.  eorne  de  cerf,  Liquor 
volatilis  coinu  cervi — /  de  Cuivre  ammoniacal, 
Liquor  cupri  ammoniaii  — /.  de.  Fer  ulcaline.  Li- 
quor ferri  alkalmi— /.  de  Sous-ac6tate  de,  plumb, 
Liquor  plumbi  subacetalis — /.  de  Ptitasse,  Li 
quor  polassae — /.  de  Soas-rarbonate  de  polasse, 
Liquor  potassx  subcarbonatis.  , 

LIQUID,  DISINFECTING,  LABAR- 
KAQU  E'S,  Liquor  soda;  chlorinate. 

UQUIDAM13AR  ASPLEN1FOLIA,  Comp- 


lonia  asplenifolia — I.  Officinalis,  see  Styrax 1. 

Peregrina.  Comptonia  asplenifolia. 

Liquiimm'bar  St\uacif'lv a,  Liquidam'bra, 
Sweet  gum.  The  name  of  the  tree  which  affords 
the  Liquid  anther  and  Slorax  liquid  a,  Styrax  li- 
quida or  Liquid  slorax.  Liquid  amber  is  a  resi- 
nous juice  of  a  yellow  colour,  inclining  to  red; 
at  first  of  about  Ihe  consistence  of  turpentine; 
by  age,  hardening  into  a  solid,  brittle  mass.  It 
is  not  used  medicinally. 

Styrax  Liquida  is  obtained  from  this  plant  by 
boiling.  There  aie  two  sorts: — one  more  pure 
than  the  other.  It  is  used,  occasionally,  as  a 
stomachic,  in  the  form  of  plaster. 

LIQUIDUM  NERVEUM,  Nervous  fluid. 

LIQUIRITIA,  Glycyrrhiza. 

LIQUOR,  Liqua'men,  Ihjgron,  Hy'grotes. 
(F.)  Liqueur.  A  name  given  to  many  com- 
pound liquids,  and  especially  to  those  the  bases 
of  which  are  water  and  alcohol. 

Liquor  Ac  id  us  H  all eri,  Elixir  acid um  Hal- 
leri — 1.  jEthereus,  Ether — 1.  ^Ethereus  sulphu- 
ricus,  Spiritus  aetheris  sulphurici. 

Liquor  Alu'minis  Compos'itus,  Aqua  alu- 
minis  composite/,  Aqua  alumino'sa  Batca'na,  Com- 
pound solu'tion  of  Alum.  (F.)  Liqueur  d'alumine 
contposee.  (Aluminis,  zinci  sulphat.  sing.  5ss, 
aqvee  fervent.  Oij.  Dissolve  and  filter  through 
paper.)  Detergent  and  stimulant.  Used  as 
a  collyriurn,  when  properly  diluted,  in  oph- 
thalmia; as  an  injection  in  gleet,  leucoirhcea, 
&c. 

Liquor  Ammo'ni/e,  Liq.  ammonias  puras,  Al- 
cali  a  mmoni' acum  flu' 'idum ,  A  mmd nia  liq'uida,  A. 
cavs'lica  liquida,  A.  pura  liquida,  Lixiv'ivm  am- 
moniacu' le  Spir'itus  salis  ammoniaci  aquo'sus, 
Aqua  ammoniac,  Aqua  ammonias  caus'dcas, Liquid 
ammonia.,  Solution  of  ammonia.  (F.)  Ammo- 
niaque  liqiiide.  (Directed  to  be  made  in  the 
Pliarm.  U.  S.  from  muriate  of  ammonia,  in  fine 
powder;  and  Lime,  each  a  pound;  distilled  wo- 
ferapint;  water,  nine  fluid  ounces.  The  water 
is  employed  to  slake  the  lime;  this  is  mixed 
with  the  muriate  of  ammonia  and  put  into  a 
glass  retort  in  a  sand  bath.  Heat  is  applied  so 
as  to  drive  off  the  ammonia,  which  is  made  to 
pass  into  a  quart  bottle  containing  the  distilled 
water.  To  every  ounce  of  the  product  three 
and  a  half  fluidrachms  of  distilled  water  are  add- 
ed, or  so  much  as  may  be  necessary  to  raise 
its  s.  g.  to  0.9(j.  This  Liquor  Ammonia:  may  also 
be  made  by  mixing  one  part  of  liquor  ammonite 
fortior  with  two  parts  of  distilled  water — Ph. 
U.  S.  (1842.) )  The  Liquor  Ammonia,  for  liar,  or 
stronger  rotation  of  ammonia  (Ph.  U.  S.)  is  an 
aqueous  solution  of  ammonia  of  the  s.  g.  0.882. 
It  is  stimulant,  antacid,  and  rubefacient.  Dose 
g't.  x  to  xx,  in  water  or  milk. 

Liquor  Ammonia  Aceta'tis,  Al'cali  ammo- 
niacum  aceta'tum,  A/culi  volatile  ucctti'lum,  Aqua 
ammoniac,  Solution  of  acetate  of  ammonia, 
Aqua  ammonise  aretatae,  Ace' las  ammonise,  Spi- 
rit of  Minder dr us,  Sal  ammoniacum  vegetal/ill 
Spir'itus  ophthalmicus  Minder e'ri,  Sal  acelo'svs 
ammoniaca'ls.  {Amman,  carl/on.  5|ij,  add.  acet. 
dil.  Ibiv:  or  add  Ihe  salt  till  the 'acid  is  satu- 
rated     A  sudorific  :  externally,  cooling.     Dose, 

Liquor  Ammonia  Subcarbona'tis,  Solu'tio 
subcarbonatis  ammonias.  Aqua  car  bona  lis  am- 
monias, Solution  of  subcorlionute  of  ammonia. 
(Ammonia:  carbon.  3  viij,  aqua)  destillat.  Oj.     Did- 


LIQUOR  AMMONII  HYDROTHIODIS     44d 


LIQUOR  HYDRARGYRI,  &c. 


solve  and  filler  through  paper.)   Use; — the  same 
as  that  of  the  carbonate  of  ammonia,  (q.  v.) 

Liquor  Ammonii  Hvlirothioois,  Ammoniae 
■ulphuretum— 1.  ex  Ammonia  et  oleo  succini, 
Spiritus  ammonias  succinatus. 

Liquor  Amnii,  Aqua  amnii.  The  liquor  of 
the  amnios.  (F.)  Eaux del 'amnios,  The  fluid 
exhaled  by  the  amnios,  and  which  envelops 
the  foetus  during  the  whole  period  of  utero- 
gestation.  It  is  often  simply  called,  the  waters, 
(F.)  Les  Eaux.  Its  relative  quantity  diminishes 
as  pregnancy  advances,  although  its  absolute 
quantity  continues  to  increase  till  the  period 
of  delivery.  In  some  women  only  five  or  six 
ounces  are  met  with;  in  others,  it  amounts  to 
pints.  It  is  limpid,  yellowish,  or  whitish  ;  ex- 
hales a  faint  smell,  and  has  a  slightly  saline 
taste.  It  contains  water  in  considerable  quan- 
tity; albumen;  chloride  of  sodium;  phosphate 
of  lime;  an  alkaline  substance;  and  a  particular 
acid.  It  facilitates  the  dilatation  of  the  uterus, 
and  aids  delivery  by  acting  as  a  soft  wedge  en- 
closed in  its  membranes,  &c.  It  is  probably 
mservient  to  useful  purposes  in  the  nutrition 
of  the  foetus. 

Liquor,  Anodyne, Hoffmann's,  Spiritus  aethe- 
ris  sulphurici  coinpositus — 1.  Anodynus  martia- 
lis,  Alcohol  sulphurico-aethereus  ferri. 

Liquor  Ausenica'lis,  L.  potas'sa  arseni'tis, 
(Ph.  U.  S.)  Solu'tlo  arseniculis,  S.  arsenica'ta, 
S.  arseni'tis  kul'ica:,  Arscn'ical  solution,  Min'eral 
tolvent,  Ar'senis  potas'sx  liq'uidus,  Ar'senis  po- 
tassce  uquo'sus,  Fowler's  solution  of  arsenic,  Sol- 
rens  miner  a' le,  Italian  poison,  Aqua.  Tofa'na,  (?) 
Aqua  Toffa'nia,  Acqua  della  Toff  una,  Acqua  di 
JS'avoli,  Acquet'la,  Tasteless  ague  drop.  (F.)  Li- 
queur arsenicale.  (Acid,  arsenios.  in  pulverem 
subtilem  triti,  potassx  carbonutis  pur.,  sing.  gr. 
ixiv,  aquae  destiUat.  q.  s.  Boil  together  the  arse- 
nious  acid  and  carbonate  of  potassa  with  twelve 
fluidounces  of  distilled  water,  in  a  glass  ves- 
sel, until  the  arsenic  is  dissolved.  When  the 
solution  is  cold,  add  Tinct.  latand.  c,  f.  31  v,  and 
as  much  distilled  water  as  will  make  the  whole 
one  pint.  Ph.  U.  S.)  f.  zj,  contains  gr.  ss.  of 
the  arsenious  acid.  Dose,  g«.  v,  gradually  in- 
creased to  gu.  xx. 

Liquor  Arsknici  et  Hvdrargyri  Iodidi,  see 
Arsenic  and  Mercury,  Iodide  of. 

Liquor  Baku  Chlouidi,  Baryta,  muriate, 
solution  of. 

Liquor  Bf.llosti,  L.  hydrargyri  nitrici. 
Liquor  Caj.cii  Chloridi,  see  Calcis  murias. 
Liquor  Cai.c:s,  Soiu'tio  calcis,  Aqua  calcis, 
Aqua  benedie'la,  Calca'ria  pura  liq'uida,  Aqua 
catca'riit  vsta,  Solution  of  Lime,  Lime  Water, 
(F.)  Eaudechaux.  (Calcis  jfiv , aq  destill.cong. 
Pour  the  water  on  the  lime,  and  stir.  Let  it 
stand  in  a  covered  vessel  three  hours;  bottle 
the  lime  and  water  in  stopped  bottles,  and  use 
the  clear  solution.)  It  is  astringent,  tonic,  and 
antacid:  and  is  used  in  diarrhoea,  diabetes, 
heartburn,  Ac,  and  as  a  lotion  to  foul  and  can- 
cerous ulcers.  &c.  Dose.  f.gijloOss,  in  milk. 
Liquor  Calcis  Compos' itus,  Aqua  calcis com- 
pos'ita,  Compound  lane  water,  Aqua  benedic'ta 
loivjios'ita.  (F.)  En  a  de  chaux  compose.  (Lign. 
ffuaiac.  ras.  Ibss,  rad.  glyryrrh.  gj,c«rt.  sassafras, 
?ss;  sciuin.  coriand.  gij-  liquor,  cakis  Ovj.  Ma- 
cerate for  two  days,  and  filter.)  It  is  stimulant, 
diaphoretic,  ind  astringent,  and  is  used  in  cu- 
taneous affections. 

Liquor  Calcis  Mcriatis,  see  Calcis  murias 


—1.  Cereris,  Cerevisia — 1.  Chloreti  natri,  L.  soda 
chlorinatae— 1.  Chlorureti  natri,  L.  sodce  chlori- 
nate— I.  Chlorureti  soda;,  L.  sodae  chlorinate. 

Liquor  Cupri  Ammonia'ti,  Aqua  cupri  nm- 
monia'ti,  Aqua  sapphari'na,  Blue  eyewater,  Solu- 
tion of  arnmoniated  copper .  (F.)  Liqueur  ou  Eau 
de  cuivre  ammoniacat.  (Cupri  ammoniut.  zj, 
aqua:  destill.  Oj.  Dissolve  and  filler  the  soiu- 
!ion  through  paper.  Pit.  L.)  Corrosive  and 
detergent.  U.-ed  externally  to  foul  ulcers;  and 
diluted  with  an  equal  part  of  distilled  water,  it 
is  applied  by  means  of  a  hair  pencil  to  speck* 
and  films  on  the  eye. 

Liquor  Cupri  Sulpha'tis  Compos'itus,  Aqua 
cupri  vifriola'li  composita.  (Cupri  sulphat.,  ala- 
rum, sulpftat.  aa  §iij,  aqua;  purte.  Oij,  acid,  sulph. 
gij.  Boil  the  salts  in  the  water  until  they  are 
dissolved;  then  filter  the  liquor,  and  add  the 
acid.)  Used  as  an  astringent  in  epistaxis,  &c. 
It  was  also  called  Aqua  Stypiica. 

Liquor  Cyreniacus,  Benjamin — 1.  Excitans, 
Spiritus  Ammonia?  succinatus. 

Liquor  Ferri  Alkalim,  Solution  of  Alkaline 
Iron,  (F.)  Liqueur  defer  ulcatine.  (Ferri  Ziisa, 
acid,  nitric,  gij,  aquae,  dcstillat.  f.  5VJ,  liq.  potass. 
subcarb.  f.  3vj-  To  the  acid  and  water  mixed, 
add  the  iron;  and,  after  the  effervescence,  add 
the  clear  solution,  gradually,  to  the  liq.potussm 
subcarb.;  shaking  it  occasionally  till  it  assumes 
a  deep  brown-red  colour,  and  the  effervescence 
stops.  After  six  hours'  settling,  pour  off  Ihe 
clear  solution.  Ph.  L.)  It  is  tonic,  like  other 
preparations  of  iron       Dose,  f.  gss  to  f.  giss. 

Liquor  Ferri  Io'diui,  Solution  of  Iodide  of 
Iron,  (lodin.  Sjij,  Ferri  rament.  3J,  Mel.  despu- 
mat.  f.  ^v,  Aqua  dcstillat.  q.  s.  JVlix  the  iodine 
with  f.  gx  of  the  distilled  water,  in  a  porcelain 
or  glass  vessel,  and  gradually  add  the  iron 
filings,  constantly  stirring.  Heat  the  mixture 
gently  until  the  liquor  acquires  a  light  greenish 
colour;  then,  having  added  the  honey,  continue 
the  heat  a  short  time,  and  filter.  Last!}',  pour 
distilled  water  upon  the  filter,  and  allow  it  to 
puss  until  the  whole  of  the  filtered  liquor  mea- 
sures twenty  fluidounces.  Keep  the  solution 
in  closely  stopped  bottles. — Ph.  U.  S.)  Dose, 
10  to  30  drops. 

Liquor  Ferri  Nitratis,  see  Tinctura  ferri 
muriatis. 

Liquor  Ferri  Sesquinitratis,  see  Tinctura 
ferri  muriatis. 

Liquor  Fumans  Boylii,  Sulphure'lum  Am- 
mo' nice  Hydi  ogena'ium,  II ydrosulph are' turn  Am- 
monies,  Tinctu'ra  Sulphvris  Volat'ilis,  Aqua  Suh 
ptiure'ti  Ammonia:,  Boyle's  Fuming  liquor,  (F.) 
Liqueur  fumante  de  Boyle.  It  is  possessed  of 
nuiseating  and  emetic  properties,  and  has  been 
given  in  diabetes  and  diseases  of  excitement  as 
a  deoxygenizer! 

Liquor  Fuming,  Boyle's,  Liquor  fumans 
Boylii — 1.  Fuming,  of  Libavius,  Tin,  muriate  of 
— 1.  Genital,  Sperm — I.  of  Hartshorn,  volatile, 
Liquor  volatilis  eornu  cervi. 

Liquor  Hydrah'gyri  Nitrici,  L  Bellosli, 
Eau  mercvrlelle,  Eau  contre  la,  gangrene.  Re- 
mede  du  Due  d'An/in,  R  do  Capucin,  (Hydrarg. 
120  p,  acid  nitr.  ('.V.P,)  150  p.  Dissolve,  and 
add  to  the  solution,  distilled  water,  900  p.  Ph.  P.) 
Oose,  two  or  three  drops  in  a  glass  of  water. 
Not  much  used. 

Liquor  Hydrar'gyri  Osymuri a'tis,  Solu- 
tion of  Oxymuriulc  of  Mercury,  Liquor  Suiiete- 
nis,  L.  Syphiliticus  Turneri,  Mu'rius  hydrargyri 


LIQUOR  HYDRIODATIS,  &c. 


449         LIQUOR  SODJE  CHLORINATE 


spiriluo'sus  lie/ nidus,  Solutio  Muria'tis  hydiar'- 
gyri  oxygenati,  S.of  Carrot 'size  Sub'limale,  Liquor 
or  Solution  of  Van  Switten.  (Hud.  oxym.  gr. 
viij,  aqua:  deslill.  f.  !§xv,  sp.  reel.  f.  ^j.  Dissolve 
in  the  water,  and  add  the  spirit.  PA.  L.)  Dose, 
f.  ass,  or  f.  gj. 

Green's  Drops,  and  Solomon's  Anti-lmpelig"  - 
enes—  both  nostrums — seem  to  be  solutions  of 
Corrosive  Sublimate. 

Liquor  Hydriodatis  Arsemci  et  IIydrar- 
gyri,  Arsenic  and  mercury,  iodide  of. 

Liquor  Io'djni  Compos'itus,  Sulu'lio  Potas'sii 
lo'didi.  lodure'tu,  Compound  Solution  of  Iodine, 
Lugol's  Solution.  (Iodingv),  Potass  iodid.  ^iss, 
Aqucc  dcstiltat.  Oj.  Dissolve  the  iodine  and 
iodide  of  potassium  in  the  water. — 1'h.  U.  S.) 
Dose,  g(t.  vj.  ad  xij,  in  sugared  water. 

Liquor  Lithargyri  Subacetatis,  L. plumbi 
subacetatis — 1.  Lithargyri  subacetatis  composi- 
lus,  Liquor  plumbi  subacetatis  dilutus. 

Liquor  OF  Monro,  Solution  of  Monro.  A  so- 
lution, used  by  Monro  for  the  preservation  of 
anatomical  preparations.  It  is  composed  of  al- 
cohol at  ~"2J  or  ~-l:,  with  a  drachm  of  nitric 
acid  to  each  pint. 

Liquor  Morimii'.nje  seu  Mor'phue  Sui.pha'- 
tis,  Solution  of  Sulphate  of  Morphia.  (Morphine 
sulpliut.  gr.  viij,  uqux  destillut.  Oss.  Dissolve 
the  sulphate  of  morphia  in  the  water. — Ph.  U. 
S.)  Dose,  f.  £j  to  f.  ^ij — containing  from  an 
eighth  to  a  quarter  of  a  grain. 

Liquor  Morphi'nje  seu  Morpht/e  Aceta'tis, 
Solution  of  Acetate  of  Morphia,  An'odyne  Drops, 
(Acetate  of  morphia  gr.  xvj,  distilled  water,  f. 
^vj,  dilute  acetic  acid,  f.  gij.j  Dose,  from  six  to 
twenty-four  drops. 

Liquor  Natri  Oxvmuriatici,  L.  Soda;  chlo- 
rinate. 

LiQUon  i\i  r.visus  Bangii,  Tinctura  astherea 
camphorata — 1.  Oleosus  Sylvii,  Spiritus  ammo- 
nias aromaticus — 1.  Opii  sedativus,  Haden's,  see 
Tinctura  opii. 

Liquor  Opii  Sedati'vus.  An  empirical  pre- 
paration by  a  London  druggist  of  the  name  of 
Battley.  It  is  presumed  to  be  a  solution  of 
acetate  of  morphia,  or  of  opium,  in  some  form 
in  vinegar.  It  is  devoid  of  many  of  the  narcotic 
effects  of  opium. 

Liquor  Qvi  Albus,  Albumen  ovi — 1.  Pun- 
creaticus,  see  Pancreas — 1.  Plumbi  acetatis,  L. 
P.  subacetatis. 

Liquor  Plcmbj  Subacf.ta'tis,  Liquor  Sub- 
aceta'tis  Lithar1  gyri,  Solution,  of  Subacetute  of 
Lead,  Liquor  Plumbi  Aceta'tis,  Goulard's  Ex.- 
trad  turn  Satur'ni,  Lilhar'gyri  Ace' turn,  (F  )  Li- 
queur de  sous-acetate  de  I'lomb.  {Plumb  acet. 
3xvj,  Piumb.  ox  d.  semivitr.  in  pulv.  subtil 
gixss,  aq. destiUat.  Oiv.  Boil  together  in  a  glass 
or  porcelain  vessel,  for  half  an  hour,  occasion- 
ally adding  distilled  water,  so  as  to  preserve  the 
measure,  and  filter  through  paper.  Keep  the 
solution  in  closely  stopped  bottles. —  Ph.  U.  S.) 
It  is  used  externally  as  a  cooling  astringent, 
and  discutient,  when  diluted  with  distilled 
water. 

Liquor  Plumbi  Subacf.ta'tis  Dilo'tus,  Li- 
quor Subaretdtla  Lithar'gyri  Compos'itus,  Aqua 
Sol  in' ni,  .In'ttis  Plumbi  diluluui  alcohol' "num. 
Diluted  Solu'tion  of  Subad'etate  of  Lead,  Aqua 
teg"ito-minera'tis,  Tutctu'ra  ■plumbo'sa,  Aqua 
Litkarayri  Acetu'ti  composita,  Liquor  Plumbi 
Aceta'tis  dilu'tus,  Goulard  water.  (!•'.)  Eau  blanche, 
Luu  tic   Goulard,  Eau  vegilo-minciule,   White 


Wash,  Royal  Preventive.  (Liq.  plumbi  subacat. 
f.  gij,  uqua>.  dcstiltat.  Oj. — Ph.  U.  S.)  Properties 
the  same  as  the  last,  but  feebler. 

Liquor  Potas's;e,  Aqua  Potas'sa,  Aqua  Kali 
CuuslUci,  Solution  of  Potash,  Lixiv'ium  magis- 
tra'lS,  L.  Sujioua'rium,  Soap  Lees,  Aqua  Kali 
pari,  Soap  Ley,  Lixiv'ium  cau'sticum.  Potas'sa 
liq  aula,  (F.)  Eau,  solution  ou  liqueur  de  Po- 
lasse,  Potassc  liquide,  Lessive  des  Savonniers.  (Po- 
tassa  curb,  ibj,  calcis  Ibss,  aqua:  dcstill.  fervent. 
congium.  Dissolve  the  alkali  in  Oij  of  the 
water,  and  add  the  remainder  of  the  lime.  Mix 
the  whole ;  set  aside  in  a  close  vessel,  and,  when 
cold,  filter  through  calico.  Ph.  L.)  It  is  anti- 
Iithic  in  cases  of  uric  acid  calculi,  and  antacid. 
Externally,  stimulant  and  escharotic.  Dose, 
gtt-  x  to  xx. 

Liquor  Potass/e  Arsenitis,  L.  arsenicalis — 
!.  Polassae  Carbonatis,  L.  P.  Subcarbonatis. 

Liquor  Potass/e  Citra'tis,  Solution  of  Ci- 
trate of  Potassa,  Neutral  Mixture,  Saline  Mix- 
lure.  (Succ.  Linton,  Oss.,  Potass.  Curbonut.  q.  s.) 
saturate  by  the  carbonate  of  potassa,  and  filter ; 
or,  Acid.  Citric  ^ss ;  01.  Limon.  AL  ij ;  Aquae 
Oss.,  Potass.  Curbonut.  q.  s.;  dissolve,  saturate 
by  the  carbonate  of  potassa,  and  filter.  Ph.  U. 
S.)  Used  in  fever,  but  probably  of  little  or  no 
efficacy. 

Liquor  Potass^  Hydrioda'tis,  Solution  of 
Hydriodale  of  Po'uss.  (Potassx  hydrind,  3b  gr., 
aquae  destillut.  f.  ~j.)  Dose,  gtt.  xx,  three  times 
a  day. 

Liquor  Potass/e  Subcarbon'a'tis,  L.  P.  Car- 
boruitis,  (Ph.  U.  S.)  Aqua  Subcarbonatis  Kali, 
O'hum  Tu/'tari  per  debq'uium,  Aqua  Kali,  Ls- 
ic'ium  Tartu ri.  Aqua  Kali  praeparu'ti,  Oil  of  Tar- 
tar, Saline  Oil  of  Tartar.  Solution  of  Subcar'bo- 
nuie  of  Potass,  (F  )  Liqueur  de  sous-carbonate 
de  Potasse,  Lessive  de  Tartre,  (Potass,  sub  curb. 
Ibj.  uqux  dcstiltat.  f.  ]§xij.  Dissolve  and  filter 
through  paper  )  D'ise,  gtt.  x  to  xxx. 
Liquor,  Propagatouy,  Sperm. 
Liquor  Sang'uinis.  This  term  has  been 
given  by  Dr.  Babington  to  one  of  the  constitu- 
ents of  the  blood,  the  other  being  the  red  parti- 
cles. He  considers,  from  his  experiments,  that 
fibrin  and  serum  do  not  exist  as  such  in  circu- 
lating blood,  but  that  the  Liquor  Sanguinis — 
Plasma,  of  Schullz — when  removed  from  the 
circulation  and  no  longer  subjected  to  the 
laws  of  life,  has  then,  and  not  before,  the  pro- 
perty of  separating  into  fibrin  and  serum.  It  is 
the  oxyprotein,  utter  the  red  particles  have  sub- 
sided, which  forms  the  bufty  coal  of  inflam- 
matory blood. 

Liquor  Sem'iNjs.     The  homogeneous,  trans- 
parent   fluid,   in    which    the    spermatozoa    and 
seminal  granules  aie  suspended — Warner. 
Liquor  Sodve  Chloriui,  L.  sodse  chlorinatse. 
Liquor  Sou.e  Chlorinate,  L  sodx  chlo'ridi, 
L.    sodx   0.1 ijni  uriu  t'icx,    L.    eld  ore' Li  natri,    L. 
chlorurtti  natri,  L    cldortti  sodx,  L  chlorure'ti 
fatrum  cliloiu'  turn  liq'uiil/nu,  I,  natri  oxy- 
id,  Aqua  natri  oxymnriafici,  Labarraque's 
Disinfecting    Liquid,    Solution    of    Chlorinated 
Soda,   (Ctlcis    Cldorinni.  ibj;    Sodx    Carbonat. 
feij;  Aquae  cong.  iss.     Dissolve  the  carbonate  of 
soda  in  three  pints  of  the  water,  with  the  aid  of 
heat.     To  the  remainder  of  the  water  add,  by 
small   portions  at  a  time,  the  chlorinated  lime, 
previously  well  triturated,  stirring  the  mixture 
after  each   addition.     Let    the    mixture    lie    for 
several  hours,  that  the  dregs  may  subside;  de- 


LIQUOR  SOD.E  OXYMURTATICiE       450 


LITHORLXEUR 


<*ant  the  clear  liquid,  and  mix  it  with  the  solu 
lion  of  carbonate  of  soda.  Lastly,  decant  th< 
clear  I  quor  from  the  precipitated  carbon  ate  ol 
lime,  pass  it  through  a  linen  cloth,  and  keep  it 
in  bottles  secluded  from  the  light;  (Ph.  U.  S  )  ) 
Used  in  the  same  cases  as  the  chloride  of  lime. 
Internally,  10  drops  to  a  fluidrachtu,  for  a  dose. 
Diluted  with  water,  it  is  used  as  an  excitant 
and  disinfectant  in  various  morbi  exlcrni. 

Liquor  SodjE  Oxvmuriatics;,  L.  sodsc  chlo- 
rinatae. 

Liquor  Sulphuricus  Alcoolisatus,  Spiritus 
setheris  sulphurici — J.  Swietenis,  L.  hydrareyri 
oxymuriatis — !.  Syphiliticus  Turneri,  L.  hy- 
drargyri  oxymuriatis— 1.  of  Van  Swieten,  L. 
hydrargyri  oxymuriatis. 

Liquor  Voi.at'ii.is  Counu  Cervi,  L.  volat'- 
His  Cornu  Cervi'ni,  Vol'atilr.  Liquor  of  Harts- 
horn, Spir'itus  Lit mb ri en' mm,  Spir'itus  Millepr.- 
da' rum,  Hurts/torn,  Spirit  of  Hurts/torn.  Spir'itus 
Cornu  Cervi,  Liquor  volat' His  os'sium,-  Bone, 
Spirit,  (F.)  Liqueur  volatile  de  Come  de  ccrf. 
This  is  a  solution  of  subcarbonale  of  ammonia, 
impregnated  with  einpyreumatic  oil  It  pos- 
sesses the  same  virtues  as  the  subcarbonate  of 
ammonia.  It  is  in  common  use  lo  smell  at,  in 
faintings,  &c. 

Liquor  Volatilis  Ossium,  L.  volatilis  cornu 
cervi. 

Liquor  Zinci  Sulpha'tis  cum  Camph'ora, 
Aqua  Zinci  vitriola'li  rum  Camphora,  Aqua  r/t 
riol'ica  camphora' ta,  Jiqua  op h thai' mica,  Com- 
mon  Ei/e  Water.  (Zinci  sulph  ^ss,  camphor, 
giji  aq.bullient.  Oij;  dissolve  and  filter.,)  Used 
as  a  lotion  for  ulcers;  or,  diluted  with  water, 
as  a  colly rinm. 

LIQUORICE,  Glycyrrhiza— 1.  Bush,  Abrus 
precatorius — 1  Juice,  see  Glycyrrhiza — 1.  Re- 
fined, Extractum  glycyrrhiza; — I.  Spanish,  see 
Glycyrrhiza  —  1.  Wild,  Aralia  nudicaulis. 
LIQUORITIA,  Glycyrrhiza. 
LIRIODEiN'DROIM.  Liriodendron  tuUpifcra. 
Tulipif'era  Liriodeit'dron,  Old  wife's  shirt,  Tulip 
Tree,  Poplar  Tee,  Tulip-bearing  Poplar,  .Ame- 
rican Poplar,  White  Wood,  Cypress  Tree,  (New 
England,)  (F.)  Tuiipier.  The  bark— Lirioden- 
dron, (Ph.  U.  S.)— especially  of  the  root,  of  this 
noble  forest  tree,  which  is  indigenous  in  the 
United  States,  is  a  strong  aromatic  bitter,  and 
has  been  employed  advantageously  as  a  tonic. 
An  active  principle  has  been  separated  from  it 
by  Professor  J  I'.  Emmet  of  the  University  of 
Virginia,  and  has  been  called  Lirioden' drin.  It 
is  not  used  in  medicine. 

LIS  BLANC,  Lilium  candidum — I.  Aspho- 
diile,  Asphodelus  ramosus. 

LISERON,  GRAND,  Convolvulus  sepium  — 
/.  des  Haie.s,  Convolvulus  sepium  —  /.  Media- 
meek.  Convolvulus  panduratus. 

LITE,  /.txtj.  A  plaster,  formerly  used,  made 
of  veidioris,  wax,  and  resin  — Galen. 

LITHAGO'GUM,  from  x,eoc,  'a  stone,'  and 
ayo),  T  expel.'  A  remedy  which  was  supposed 
to  possess  the  power  of  expelling  calculi. 

LITHARGE,  Plumbi   oxydum  semivitreum 

— 1.  of  Gold,  see  Plumbi  oxydum  semivitreum 

— I. of  Silver,  s-'e  Plumbi  oxydum  semivitreum. 

LITHARGYRI  ACETUM,  Liquor  plumbi 

subacetatis. 

LITHARGYROS,  Plumbi   oxydum  semivi- 
treum. 
LITHATE  OF  SODA,  Urate  of  soda. 
L1THECTASY,  from  h6og,  <a  stone,'  and 


(zraatQ,  'dilatation;'  Cystec'tasy.  An  operation 
which  consists  in  extracting  stone  from  the 
bladder  by  dilating  the  neck  of  the  orijan,  after 
making  an  incision  in  the  perineum,  and  open- 
ing the  membranous  portion  of  the  urethra. — 
R.  Willis. 

LIT  HAS,  Urate. 
L1THATE,  Urate. 

LITH'IA,  Lithi'asis,  Uri'asis,  Urolithia- 
sis, Cachex'ia  ealculo'sa,  Cul'culi  Morbus,  from 
kiQoc,  'a  stone.'  The  formation  of  stone  or 
gravel  in  the  human  body.  Also,  an  affection 
in  which  the  eyelids  are  edged  with  small, 
hard,  and  stone-like  concretions. 

Lithia  Renalis  Arknosa,  Gravel— 1.  Rena- 
lis,  Nephrolithiasis — 1.  Vesicalis, Calculi,  vesical. 
LITHIASIS,  Lithia— I.  Cystica,  Calculi,  ve- 
sical—  I.  Nephrelica,  Gravel — 1.  Nephretica,  Ne- 
phrolithiasis—  1.  Renalis,  Gravel  —  1.  Renalis, 
Nephrolithiasis — 1.  Vesicalis,  Calculi,  vesical. 

LITI1 1C,  Litlt'icus.  Same  etymon.  Belong- 
ing to  lithic  or  uric  acid,  or  to  stone-  hence 
Lithie  Diulhesis:  the  habit  of  body  which  favours 
the  deposition  of  lithic  acid  and  the  Inhale* 
from  the  urine. 

Lithic  Acin,  Uiic  acid. 
LITHOCENOSIS,  Lithotrity. 
LITHOCYSTOTOMY,  Lithotomy. 
LITHODIALYSIS,  Lithotrity. 
LITHODRAS'SIC,  Lilhodras'sicus.  (F.)  Lilho- 
drassique,  from  ?.i6o;,  'a  stone,'  and  dyanativ, 'lo 
seize   hold  of     An  epithet  given  to  a  form  of 
stone  forceps — Pince  lithodrassiqne — used  in  the 
operation   of   lithotrity,  by  MM.  Meirieu  and 
Tanchou. 

LITHOLABE,  (F.)  Litholahum,  (q.  v.)  Any 
instrument  employed  for  laying  hold  of  a  stona 
in  the  bladder,  and  keeping  it  fixed,  so  that  li- 
thotritic  instruments  can  act  upon  it. 
LITHOLAfJON,  Forceps.  (Lithotomy.) 
LITHOL'ABUM,  from  a/flo;,  '  a  stone,' and 
\auflavw,  'I  seize.'  An  instrument  concerned 
in  extracting  stone  from  the  bladder.  It  had 
various  shapes. — Fabricius  ab  Acquapcndente, 
Hildanus. 

LITHONTRIP'TIC,  Lilhontrip' liens,  Lithon- 
thryp'tic,  CakuMfragus,Saxifragus,  from  xiOoj, 
'a  stone,'  and  6ovTiri»,  '  1  break  in  pieces.'  A 
remedy  believed  to  be  capable  of  dissolving 
calculi  in  the  urinary  passages.  There  is  not 
much  reliance  to  be  placed  upon  such  reme- 
dies. '  By  untilithics,  exhibited  according  to  the 
chemical  character  of  the  calculus  (;;cc  Calculi 
Urinary,)  the  disease  may  be  prevented  from 
increasinir;  but  most  of  the  vaunted  lilhontrip- 
tics,  for  dissolving  the  calculus  already  formed, 
have  been  found  unworthy  of  the  high  enco- 
miums which  have  accompanied  their  introduc- 
tion. 

LlTHOPiE'DION,  Infans  lapide'vs,  Osteo- 
pm'dion,  from  f.\do<;,  'a  stone,'  and  nuic,  'a 
child.'  A  foetus,  petrified  in  the  body  of  the 
mother. 

LITHOPRINIE,  Lithotrity. 
LITHOPRIOJVE,  from  ki6og,  'a  stone,'  and 
7ro/uii',  'a  saw.'  An  instrument  proposed  by  M. 
Leroy  for  preventing  the  fragments  ol  a  callus. 
when  subjected  to  lithotrity,  from  falling  into 
the  bladd.-r.  It  is  a  variety  of  litholiihe,  (q.  '•) 
LTPHORINEUR,  from  kiduc,  'a  stone,'  and 
mini',  'to  file.'  An  instrument,  proposed  by 
MM.  Meirieu  and  Tanchou  for  filing  down  cal- 
culi in  the  bladder. 


LITH03 


451 


LITHOTOMY 


UTHOS,  Calculus. 

LITHOSPER'MUM  OFFICINALE,  Mil'- 
ium  Solis,  Gromwell,  JEgmi1 'yclion,  Bastard  Al'- 
kanet,  (F.)  Grcmil.  officinal,  Herbe  aux  Perks. 
The  seeds  of  this  plant  were  formerly  supposed, 
from  their  stony  hardness,  (f.idog,  'a  stone,' 
and  antqua,  'seed,')  to  be  efficacious  in  calcu- 
lous affections.  They  have,  also,  been  consi- 
dered diuretic. 

Lithospermdm  V it.i.osum,  Anchusa  tinctoria. 

LITIIOTERETHRUM,  from  /.«6o;, 'stone,' 
and  rffjf ir,  'to  rub.'     A  lilhotritor. 

LITHOTOME,  Lithot'omus,  from  ?.i9og,  «a 
stone,'  and  rtfivot,  'I  cut.'  This  name  has  been 
given  to  a  number  of  instruments  of  different 
shapes  and  sizes,  which  are  used  in  the  opera- 
tion for  the  stone,  to  cut  the  neck  or  body  of 
the  bladder.  They  ought,  with  more  propriety, 
to  be  called  Cystolomes. 

The  Lithotome.  Cache  of  Frere  Come  is  the 
most  known,  and  is  still  occasionally  used.  It 
is  composed  of  a  handle,  and  of  a  flattened 
sheath,  slightly  curved;  in  this  there  is  a  cut- 
ting blade,  which  can  be  forced  out,  by  pressing 
upon  a  bascule  or  liver,  to  any  extent  that  may 
be  wished  by  the  operator. 

A  Double  Lithotome  was  used  by  Dupuytren 
in  his  bilateral  operation.     See  Lithotomy. 

LITHOTOMIST.  Same  etymon.  Lithot'omus. 
One  who  devotes  himself  entirely  to  operating 
for  the  stnne.     One  who  practises  lithotomy. 

LITIIOT'OMY,  Lithotom'ia,  Cijstotom'ia, 
Urol/thotom'ia,  Scrtio  vesica' lis,  Lilhocystol'omy, 
same  etymon.  (F.)  Taille  The  operation  by 
which  a  stone  is  extracted  from  the  bladder. 
The  different  methods,  according  to  which  this 
operation  may  be  practised,  are  reducible  to  five 
principal;  each  of  which  has  experienced  nu- 
merous modifications. 

1.  The  Method  of  Celsus,  Melh'odus  Celsia'na, 
Cijstotom'ia  cum  appara'tu  parvo,  Apparu'tus 
Minor,  Cutting  on  the  Gripe.  This  consisted  in 
cutting  upon  the  stone,  after  having  made  it 
project  at  the  perinannn  by  means  of  the  fin- 
gers introduced  into  the  rectum.  This  method 
was  attended  with  several  inconveniences; 
such  as  the  difficulty  of  dividing  the  parts 
neatly,  injury  done  to  the  bladder,  as  well  as 
the  impossibility  of  drawing  down  the  stone  in 
many  persons.  It  is  sometimes,  also,  called 
Mcth'odus  Guytonia'na;  from  Guy  de  Chauliac 
having  endeavoured  to  remove  from  it  the  dis- 
credit into  which  it  had  fallen  in  his  time.  It 
was  termed  Apparatus  Minor,  (F.)  Lepilit  op- 
pareil,  from  the  small  number  of  instruments 
required  in  it. 

2  Apparatus  Major.  This  method  was  in- 
vented, in  1520,  bv  John  de  Romani.  a  surgpon 
of  Cremona,  and  communicated  by  him  to  Ma- 
riano Santo-di-Barletla,  whence  it  was  Ions' 
called  Mariano's  Method,  Scrtio  Maria' na.  It 
was  called  Apparatus  Major,  and  Cystotom'ia 
vel  'Mcth'odus  cum  appara'tu  magno,  (F.)  Lc 
grand  apparcil,  from  the  number  of  instru- 
ments required  in  it.  An  incision  was  made  on 
the  median  line;  but  the  neck  of  the  bladder 
was  nut  comprehended  in  it.  Jt  was  merely 
dilated.  The  greater  apparatus  was  liable  to 
many  inconveniences,  such  as  ecehymoses; 
contusion;  inflammation  of  the  neck  of  the 
bladder;  abscesses;  urinary  fistula;  inconti- 
nence of  urine;  impotence,  &c. 

3.    The    High    Operation,   Appara'lus   alius, 


Cystotom'ia  cum  apparatu  alto,  C.  hypogastric    ■ 
ca,  Epicystotom'ia,  Laparocystotom' in ,  Stctio  seu 
Method  us    Frunconiu'na,  S.    Hypogasftrica,  S. 
alta,  (F.)  Haul  appareil,  Taille  Hypogaslrique, 

Taille  sus-pubienne,  was  first  practised  by  Peter 
Franco,  about  the  middle  of  the  16th  century. 
It  consisted  in  pushing  the  stone  above  the 
pubis  by  the  fintjers  introduced  into  the  rectum. 
Rousset  afterwards  proposed  to  make  the  blad- 
der rise  above  the  pubis  by  injecting  it.  The 
method  had  fallen  into  discredit,  when  Frere 
Come  revived  it.  It  is  used  when  the  calculus 
is  very  large.  It  was  practised  by  opening  first 
the  membranous  part  of  the  urethra  upon  the 
catheter  passed  into  the  canal.  Through  this 
incision,  the  Sonde  a  dard — a  species  of  cathe- 
ter, having  a  spear-pointed  stilel — was  intro- 
duced into  the  bladder.  An  incision  was  then 
made  in  the  linea  alba,  above  the  symphysis 
pubis,  of  about  four  or  five  fingers'  breadth, 
and  the  peritoneum  detached  to  avoid  wound- 
ing it.  The  stilet  was  pushed  through  the  blad- 
der, and  used  as  a  director  for  the  knife,  with 
which  the  bladder  was  divided  anteriorly,  as 
far  as  the  neck;  and  the  stone  extracted.  It 
was  performed  in  England  by  Douglas,  in 
1719,  and  since  by  others  with  various  modifi- 
cations. 

4.  The  Lateral  Operation,  Cystotom'ia  latera!  - 
lis,  Sec'tio  latera'lis,  Apparu'tus  lateralis.  (F.) 
Appariil  lateralis^,  so  named  from  the  prostate 
gland  and  neck  of  the  bladder  being  cut  late- 
rally, was  probably  invented  by  Peter  Franco. 
It  was  introduced  into  France  by  Frere  Jacques 
de  Beaulieu.  He  performed  it.  with  rude  instru- 
ments, invented  by  himself,  and  improved  by 
the  suggestions  of  some  of  the  Parisian  sur- 
geons. In  England,  it  received  its  earliest  and 
most  important  improvements  from  the  cele- 
brated Clieselden.  It  is  the  method  practised 
at  the  present  day,  according  to  different  modes 
of  procedure.  In  this  method,  the  paiient  is 
placed  upon  a  table;  his  legs  and  thighs  are 
bent  and  separated;  the  hands  being  tied  to  the 
feet.  The  perinajum  is  then  shaved,  rind  a 
staff  is  introduced  into  the  bladder;  the  handle 
being  turned  towards  the  right  groin  of  the  pa- 
tient. An  oblique  incision  is  now  made  from 
the  raphe  to  the  middle  of  a  line  drawn  from  the 
atius  to  the  tuberosity  of  the  ischium  of  the  left 
side;  and,  taking  the  staff  for  a  guide,  the  in- 
teguments, cellular  tissue  of  the  perinaeum, 
membranous  portion  of  the  urethra,  transversus 
perinsei  muscle,  bulbo-cavernosus,  some  fibres 
of  the  levator  ani,  the  prostnte  and  neck  of  the 
bladder, are  successively  divided.  For  this  latter 
part  of  the  operation,  the  knife,  the  beaked  bis- 
toury, Bislouri  ou  Lithotome  Cache,  cuitinor 
gorget,  &c.  are  used,  according  to  the  particu- 
lar procedure.  The  forceps  is  now  introduced 
into  the  bladder,  and  the  stone  extracted.  In 
the  operation,  care  must  be  taken  not  to  injure 
the  rectum,  or  the  great  arterial  vessels,  distri- 
buted to  the  perinffium. 

A  variety  •  f  the  Lateral  Apparatus,  called  by 
the  French  Jljipareil lateral,  consisted  in  cutting 
into  the  basfoml  of  the  bladder,  without  touch- 
ing the  neck  of  that  or<jan:  but  it  was  soon 
abandoned  on  account,  of  its  inconveniences. 

The  Bilateral  Operation  is  founded  on  that  of 
Celsus.  It  consists  in  making  an  incision  pos- 
terior to  the  bulb  of  the  urethra,  and  anterior  to 
the  anus,  involving  both  sides  of  the  perinceum 


LITHOTRIPSY 


452 


LIVER 


by  crossing  the  raphe  at  right  angles:  an  in- 
cision is  then  made  through  the  membranous 
part  of  the  urethra,  and  the  prostate  may  be  cut 
bilaterally,  either  by  the  "  double  lithotome  "  of 
Dupuytren,  or  by  the  "Prostatic  Bisector"  of 
Dr.  Stevens,  of  New  York. 

5.  Lithotomy  by  the  Rectum,  Proitocystolom'ia, 
(F.)  Tail le  par  la  Rectum,  Tail  I  e  poster  ieure,  T. 
Recto-vdsicale.  This  was  proposed  by  Vegetius 
in  the  Kith  century;  but  it  was  never  noticed 
until  M.  Sanson,  in  the  year  lbl7,  attracted  at- 
tention to  it;  since  which  time  it  has  been  suc- 
cessfully performed  in  many  instances.  It  con- 
sists in  penetrating  the  bladder  through  the 
paries  corresponding  with  the  rectum,  by  first 
cutting  the  sphincter  ani  and  rectum  about  the 
root  of  the  penis,  and  penetrating  the  bladder 
by  the  neck  of  that  organ,  dividing  the  pros- 
tate; or  by  its  lias-fond. 

Lithotomy  in  women,  from  the  shortness  of 
the  urethra,  is  a  comparatively  insignificant 
operation. 

LITHOTRIPSY,  Lithotrity. 
LITHOTR1PTORS,  see  Lithotrity. 
LITHOTRITES.  see  Lithotrity. 
LITHOTRITEURS,  see  Lithotrity. 
L1THOTRITOR,  see  Lithotrity. 
LITHOTRITY,  Lithotri"lia,  Lithotripsy,  Li- 
thotripsy, Lithothrip'sy,  Lithocenosis,  Lithodia'l' - 
ysis,  Lithoprinie,  from  \1S0g, '  a  stone,'  and  tQi^w, 
'  I  break.'    The  operation  of  breaking  or  bruising 
the  stone  in  the  bladder.    It  has  been  performed, 
of  late  years,  with  success,  by  French,  and,  af- 
ter them,  by  English  and   American  surgeons. 
The  instruments  employed  for  this  purpose  are 
called  in  the  abstract,  Lithotrites,  Lithotriteurs, 
Lit hot'r '.tors  and  Litkotriptors.     The  most  cele- 
brated are  those  of  Civiale,  Jacobson,  Heurte- 
loup  and  Weiss.     See  Brise-Pierre  arlicule  and 
Percuteur  a  Mnrtcuu. 

LITHOXIDU'RIA,  from  Xihg,  'a  stone.' 
oiide,  and  ovpuv,  '  urine.'  The  discharge  of 
urine  containing  lithic  or  xanthic  oxide. 

LITHU'RIA,  Lithourorrhce  (Piorry);  from 
Xi&oc,  'a  stone,'  and  uupov,  'urine.'  The  condi- 
tion of  the  system  in  which  deposits  of  lithic 
acid  and  the  lithates  take  place  from  the  urine. 
See  Urine. 

LITMUS,  Lichen  roccella. 
LITRA,  Pound. 

LITRE,  Litra.  A  measure  containing  a 
cubed  decimetre,  which  is  equal  nearly  to  2.1 135 
pints.  The  ancients  gave  the  name  litra,  Xirga, 
to  a  measure  capable  of  containing  1  (J  ounces 
of  liquid. 

LITUS,  Liniment. 
LIVkCHE,  Ligisticum  levisticum. 
LIVER,  Sax.  lipert,  Hepur,  Jecur,  (F.)  Foie. 
The  liver  is  the  largest  gland  in  the  body.  It 
is  an  azygous  organ;  unsymmetrical;  very 
heavy;  and  of  a  brownish-red  colour;  occupying 
the  whole  of  the  right  hypochondrium,  and  a 
part  of  the  epigastrium.  Above,  it  coi  responds 
to  the  diaphragm;  below,  to  the  stomach,  trans- 
verse colon,  and  right  kidney;  behind,  to  the 
vertebral  column,  aorta,  and  vena  cava;  and 
before,  to  the  base  of  the  chest.  Its  upper  sur- 
face is  convex;  the  lower,  irregularly  convex 
and  concave,  so  that  anatomists  have  divided  the 
organ  into  three  lobes, — a  large  or  right  or  colic 
lobe; — a  lesser  lobe,  lobule,  or  inferior  lobe,  the 
Lobulus  Spigelii,  (q.  v.) — and  a  middle  or  left 
lobe.    At  its  inferior  surface,  are  observed;— 1. 


A  Sulcus  or  Furroic  or  Fissure,  called  horizontal 
or  longitudinal,  great  fissure,  Fossa  Umbilica'lis, 
(F.)  Sillon  horizontal,  longitudinal,  S,  de  la  veins 
ombilicale,    Sulcus    antero-posterior   Jec'oris,   6'. 
horizonlc/lis  Jec'oris,  S.  longitudinal  lis  Jecoris. 
S.  Sims' ter  Jecoris,  S.  Umbilica'lis,  which  lodges, 
in  the  foetus,  the  umbilical  vein  and  ductus  ve- 
nosus.     2.  The  Principal,  Fissure,  termed  Sulcus 
Transversas  vel   Sinus   Porta'rum,   (F.)    Sillon 
transversal  on  de  la  veine  porte,  which  receives 
the  sinus  of  the  vena  porta.     3.  The  Fissure  of 
the  Vena  Cava  infe'rior,  Sillon  de  la  veine  cave 
inferieure,  situate  at  the  posterior  margin  of  the 
or<ran,  and  lodging  the  vena  cava  inferior.     4. 
The  Lobulus  Spige'lii,  (q.  v.)  or  posterior  ported 
eminence.      5.    The    anterior  portal   eminence, 
Auri'ga  vel  Lobulus  anon'ymus,  (q.  v  )     C.  De- 
pressions corresponding  to  the  upper  surface  of 
the  stomach,  gall-bladder,   arch   of  the  colon, 
right  kidney,  &c.      Continued  from  the  fossa 
umbilicalis,  is  a  small  fossa,  called   Fossa  Duc- 
tus Veno'si,  between  the  left  lobe  and  Lobulus 
Spigelii.     The  posterior  margin  of  the  liver  is 
very  thick;  much  more  so  than  the  anterior. 
The  liver  is  surrounded  by  a  serous  or  perito- 
neal covering,  which  forms  for  it  a  suspensory 
or  broad  ligament,  and  two  lateral  and  triangular 
ligaments.     See  Falx.     The  blood-vessels  of  the 
liver  are  very  numerous.     The  hepatic  artery 
and  vena  porta  furnish  it  with  the  blood  neces- 
sary for  its  nutrition  and  the  secretion  of  bile. 
The    hepatic    veins    convey    away    the    blood, 
which  has  served  those  purposes.     The  lym- 
phatic vessels  are  very  numerous;  some  being 
superficial;    others    deep-seated.      The    nerves 
are,    also,    numerous,    and    proceed    from    the 
pneumogastric,   diaphragmatic,   and   from    the 
hepatic  plexuses. 

The  intimate  structure  of  the  parenchyma  of 
the  liver  is  not  understood.  When  cut,  it  pre- 
sents a  porous  appearance,  owing  to  the  divi- 
sion of  a  multitude  of  small  vessels.  When 
torn,  it  seems  formed  of  granulations; — {he  in- 
timate structure  of  which  has  given  rise  to 
many  hypotheses.  In  these  granulations  are 
contained  die  radicles  of  the  excretory  ducts  of 
the  bile;  the  union  of  which  constitutes  the 
hepatic  duct.  According  to  Mr.  Kiernan,  the 
intimate  structure  consists  of  a  number  of  lo- 
bules composed  of  intralobular  or  hepatic  veins, 
which  convey  the  blood  back  that  has  been  in- 
servient  to  the  secretion  of  bile.  The  inter- 
lobular plexus  of  veins  is  formed  by  branches 
of  the  vena  porta,  which  contain  both  the  blood 
of  the  vena  ports,  and  of  the  hepatic  artery; 
both  of  which,  according  to  Mr.  Kiernan,  fur- 
nish the  pabulum  of  the  biliary  secretion.  The 
biliary  ducts  form  likewise  an  interlobular 
plexus,  having  an  arrangement  similar  to  that 
of  the  interlobular  veins.  Mr.  Kiernan's  views 
are  embraced  by  many  anatomists;  but  are  de- 
nied by  some. 

The  liver  is  the  only  organ,  which,  inde- 
pendently of  the  red  blood  carried  to  it  by  the 
hepatic  artery,  receives  black  blood  by  the  vena 
porta.  The  general  opinion  is,  that  the  vena 
porta  is  the  fluid  which  furnishes  bile,  whilst 
that  of  the  artery  affords  blood  for  the  nutrition 
of  the  liver.  It  is,  probable,  however,  that  bile 
is  secreted  by  the  latter  vessel. 

The  liver  is  liable   to  a  number  of  diseases. 
Tin'  principal  are — Hepati'tis,  (q.  v.)  or  h 
motion— cancer,   b.liurij    calculi,    encysted    and 


LIVER 


453 


LOBULUS  SPIGELIi 


other  tumours  or  tubercles,  hijdatitls,  &c,  and  it 
has,  at  times,  been  the  fashion  to  refer  to  it  as 
the  cause  of  symptoms,  with  which  it  is  in  no 
wise  connected. 

Liver,  Hepar.  Under  this  name  the  ancients 
designated  several  substances,  having  a  brown- 
ish colour,  analogous  to  that  of  the  liver;  and 
composed  of  sulphur  and  some  other  body.  See ' 
Potass^  Sulphuretum  or  Liver  of  Sulphur. 

Liver  of  Antimony  is  the  semi-vitreous  sul- 
phuret,  &c. 

Liver,  Granulated,  Cirrhosis  of  the  liver — 
1.  Granular,  Cirrhosis  of  the  liver — 1.  Gin-drink- 
ers'Liver, nutmeg — 1.  Hobnailed, Cirrhosis  of  the 
liver — 1.  Mnmmillated,  Cirrhosis  of  the  liver. — 

Liver,  Nutmeg.  An  appearance  of  the  liver 
when  cut  across,  resembling  that  of  the  section 
of  a  nutmeg;  supposed  by  some  to  be  the  re- 
sult of  intemperance  in  the  use  of  alcoholic, 
drinks;  but  occurring  under  other  causes.  The 
terms  whisky  liver,  and  gin-drinkers'  liver,  occa- 
sionally applied  to  it,  are,  consequently,  not 
distinctive. 

LivEn,  Spot,  Chloasma — 1.  Tuberculated, 
Cirrhosis  of  the  liver — 1.  Weed,  Hepatica  tri- 
loba— 1.  Whisky,  Liver,  nulmeg — 1.  Wort,  Hepa- 
tica triloba,  Marchantia  polymorpha — 1.  Wort, 
ground,  ash-coloured,  Lichen  caninus — 1.  Wort, 
Iceland,  Lichen  Islandicus — 1.  Wort,  noble,  He- 
patica triloba. 

LIVRE.  Pound. 

LIXIVIA  TARTARIZATA,  Potassse  tar- 
tras — I.  Vitriolata,  Potassas  sulphas — 1.  Vitriola- 
ta  sulphurea,  Potassas  sulphas  cum  sulphure. 

LIXIVLE  seu  KALICUM  ACETAS,  Po- 
tassas acetas. 

LIXIV'IAL,  Lixivio'sus,-  from  lixivium,  '  lee.' 
(F.)  Lixivial,  Lixivicux.  An  ancient  term  for 
salts,  obtained  by  washing  vegetable  ashes, — 
such  as  the  fixed  alkalies. 

LIXI  VI  A'TION,  Elixivia' tion ,  Lixiviu'lio, 
same  etymon.  An  operation,  which  consists  in 
washing  ashes  with  water,  so  as  to  dissolve  the 
soluble  parts.     The  filtered  liquor  is  the  lee. 

LIXIV'JUM,  Lixiv'ia,  Coniu,  Lee,  Ley,  (F.) 
Lessivc.  Any  solution  containing  potass  or  soda 
in  excess;  from  lix, '  potash.'  (q.  v.) 

Lixivium  Ammoniacale,  Liquor  ammonias— 
I.  Ammoniacale  aromaticum,  Spiritus  ammonia? 
aromaticus — 1.  Causticum,  Liquor  potassse — 1. 
Magistrate,  Liquor  potassse — 1.  Saponarium, 
Liquor  potasses — 1.  Tartari,  Liquor  potassse  sub- 
carbonatis. 

LIZARD,  Lacer'ta,  Lncertus,  said  to  be  so 
called  in  consequence  of  its  limbs  resembling 
the  arms  (lacerti)  of  man  (.'),'  Saura,  Sauros, 
(F.)  Lizard.  Lizards  were  formerly  employed 
in  medicine  as  sudorifics;  and  were,  at  one 
time,  extolled  in  syphilis,  cutaneous  affections 
and  in  cancer. 

LOADSTONE,  Magnet. 

LOATHING,  Disgust. 

LOBARIA  PULMONARIA,  Lichen  pulmo- 
narius. 

LOME,  Lnbus.  A  round,  projecting  part  of 
an  or<ran.     The  liver  and  the  lungs  have  lobes. 

Lobe  or  Lobui.f.  of  the  Ear  is  a  soft 
rounded  prominence,  which  terminates  the  cir- 
cumference of  the  pavilion  inferiorly,  and 
which  is  pierced  in  those  who  wear  rings. 

The  under  surface  of  the  brain  is  divided 
into  two  anterior,  two  lateral,  two  posterior,  and 
two    intermediate   lubes  or   processes.      These 


Chaussier  cnlls  lobules  of  the  brain  :  the  cerebral 
hemispheres  he  terms  lobes. 

Lobe,  Biventral.  A  wedge-shaped  lobe  of 
the  cerebullum,  situate  behind  the  amygdala. 

LOBE  DUODENAL,  Lobulus  Spigelii— L 
Pancreatiniie,  Lobulus^Spiselii — /,  Petit  dufoie, 
Lobulus  Spi<relii — /.  de  Spigel,  Lobulus  Spigelii, 

LOBELIA,  BLUE,  L.  syphilitica. 

Lobe'lia  Cardina'lis,  Cur'dinal  Plant, 
Car'  dina  I  Flower,  Scarlet  Lobelia,  Lobelia  coccinea, 
Trache'lium  Amerieunurn.  This  species  is  also 
indigenous  in  the  United  States.  It  blooms  in 
autumn,  having  beautiful  carmine  flowers.  The 
root  is  a  reputed  anthelmintic  with  the  Indians. 

Lobelia  Coccinea,  L.  cardinalis. 

Lobe'lia  Infla'ta,  Indian  Tobac'co,  WUdTo- 
bae'eo,  Puke  weed,  Asthma  weed,  Eyehright,  Emet- 
ic Weed,  Lobe'lia,  (Ph.  U.  S.)  The  prominent 
virtues  of  this  American  plant  are  those  of  an 
emetic.  In  smaller  doses  it  is  sedative,  and  has 
been  given  as  a  pectoral  in  croup,  asthma.,  &c. 
It  is,  also,  sudorific  and  cathartic,  and  is  an  acro- 
narcotic  poison.  Twenty  grains  act  as  an  emetic. 

Lobelia  Scarlet,  L.  cardinalis. 

Lobelia  Syphilitica,  Lobelia  reflexfa,  Blue 
Lobelia,  Blue  Car'dinai  Flower,  Ranvn' cuius 
Virginia 'nus.  The  root  of  this  plant  which  is 
indigenous  in  the  United  States,  is  an  emetic 
and  drastic  cathartic.  It  has  been  used  against 
syphilis;  hence  its  name.  The  mode  of  pre- 
paring it  is  to  boil  ijss  of  the  dried  root  in  Oxij 
of  water,  until  the  fluid  is  reduced  to  Oviij. 
Dose,  Oss. 

LOBES,  CEREBRAL,  see  Lobe—].  Optic, 
Quadrigemina  tubercula. 

LOB'ULAR,  Lobula'ris.  Same  etymon  as 
Lobule.  Relating  to  or  belonging  to  a  lobule  : 
— as  lobular  pneumonia,  (F. )  Pneumonic  lobu- 
laire,  P.  mamelonnee,  P.  disse'minde,-  pneumonia 
anatomically  characterized  by  nuclei  of  red  or 
gray  hepatization  disseminated  in  variable  num- 
bers in  one  or  both  lungs. 

LOB'ULE.  Lob'uhis,  diminutive  ol'Lobuv.  A 
little  lobe.  Mr.  Kiernan  uses  the  term  lobule  for 
the  arinns  of  the  liver  of  many  anatomists. 

LOBULE  DUFOIE,  Lobulus  Spigelii. 

LOBULUS  ACCKSSOR1US  ANTERIOR 
QUADRATUS.  L.  anonymus. 

Lob'ulus  Anos'ymus,  L.  accesso'rius  anit'rior 
quadra' tus,  L.  quadratus,  (F.)  Eminence  porte 
anlcrieure.  Tins  is  situate  in  the  liver  between 
the  passage  for  the  round  ligament  and  the 
gall-bladder,  and  is  less  prominent,  but  broader 
than  the  Lobulus  cuvdulus.  From  the  lobulus 
anonymus  a  bridge  runs  across  the  passage  for 
the  round  ligament.  It  is  called  Puns  vel  Isth- 
mus he' putts. 

Lobulus  Cauda'tus,  Processus  caudutus. 
This  is  merely  the  root  or  one  of  the  angles  of 
the  lobulus  Spigelii,  advancing  towards  the 
middle  of  the  lower  side  of  the  great  lobe,  and 
representing  a  kind  of  tail. 

Lobulus  Posterior,  L.  Spigelii — 1.  Posticus 
papillatus,  L.  Spigelii — 1.  Quadratus,  L.  anony- 
mus. 

Lobulus  Spige'lii,  L.  poste'rior,  I^.posti'cus 
pupillu'lus  (F.)  Eminence  par le  postcrieure,  Lo- 
bule, Petit  lobe  du  foie,  Lobe  de  Spigel,  Lobe  duo- 
denal, L.  pancreatine,  is  situate  near  the  spine, 
upon  the  left  side  of  the  ereat  lobe  of  the  liver, 
and  is  of  a  pyramidal  shape,  projecting,  like  a 
nipple,  between  the  cardia  and  vena  cava,  at 
the  small  curvature  of  the  stomach. 


LOB  US 


454 


LONGISSLVIUS  DOKSI 


LOBUS,  Lobe. 

LOCAL,  Loca'lis,  Tap'irus,  Top'ical,  (F.)  Lo- 
cale. Topique.  An  affection  is  called  local — 
Morbus  Loca'lis,  —  when  confined  to  a  part, 
without  implicating  the  general  system;  or,  at 
all  events,  only  secondarily.  Loral  is  thus  op- 
posed to  general.  A  local  or  topical  application 
is  one  used  externally.     See  Topical. 

LOCHI'A  or  LO'CH  I  A.  Furgamen'ta  Pver- 
pe'rii,  Parga'tiopaerpe'rii,  from  Xu/ug,  'a  woman 
in  childbed.'  (F.)  Suites  tie  couches,  Vidungcs. 
The  clean  sings.  A  serous  and  sanguineous 
discharge  following  delivery.  During  the  first 
two  or  three  days,  it  is  bloody,  but  afterwards 
becomes  green-coloured,  and  exhales  a  disa- 
greeable and  peculiar  odour.  The  duration, 
quantity  and  character  of  the  discharge  vary 
according  to  numerous  circumstances.  It  flows 
from  the  part  of  the  uterus  which  formed  a 
medium  of  communication  between  the  mo- 
ther and  foetus,  and  continues,  usually,  from 
14  to  21  days.     See  Parturition. 

LOOHIODOOHIUM,  Lochodochium. 

LOCHIOPYRA.  Puerperal  fever. 

LOCHIORRHA'GIA,  from  \oXua,  and 
Qtiyrv/jLi,  '  I  make  an  irruption.'  An  immoderate 
flow  of  the  lochia. 

LOCHIORRHCE'A,  from  \oXi,a,  'the 
lochia,'  and  oeu>,  'I  flow.'  The  discharge  of  the 
lochia. 

LGCHODOCHI'UM,  Lnrhiodochium,  from 
Jtovoc,  '  a  female  in  childbed,'  and  is/up*.!,  '  1 
receive.'  An  institution  for  the  reception  of 
pri-gnant  and  childbed  females.  A  Lying  in 
hospital. 

LOCHOS,  Puerpera. 

LOCI.  Uterus — 1.  Muliebree,  Uterus. 

LUCKED  JAW.  Trismus. 

LOCOMOTILITY,  see  Locomotion. 

LOCOMO'TIOiN,  Locomo'tio,  from  locvs,  «  a 
place,'  and  mo  cere,  'to  move.'  An  action  pecu- 
liar to  animal  bodies,  by  which  they  transport 
themselves  from  place  to  place.  The  faculty 
is  sometimes  called  Locomotio'ity  and  Locomo- 
til'ity. 

Locomotion  of  an  Artery,  is  the  movement 
produced  in  a  vessel  w.th  a  curvature,  by  the 
impulse  of  the  blood  sent  from  the  heart,  which 
tends  l.o  straighten  the  artery,  and  causes  the 
movement,  in  question. 

LOCOMOTI  VITY,  see  Locomotion 
,    LOCUS  NIGER  CRURUM  CEREBRI,  see 
Peduncles  of  the  brain. 

Locus  Perfokatos  Anti'cus.  A  triangular 
flat  sin  face  of  the  brain,  which  corresponds  to 
the  posterior  extremity  of  each  olfact  ry  process 

Locus  Perforates  Posticus.  Tarini  pons. 

LOCUST- EATERS,  Acridnphagi— 1.  Plant, 
Cassia  Marilandica— I.  Tree,  Robin  in  Pseudo- 
acacia —  I.  Yellow,  ('ladrastis  tinctoria. 

LODOICEA.  see  Coco  of  the  M>ld>ves 

LOEOHE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF,  Lenk, 
miner  c I  waters  of. 

LCE.VIOPYRA.  Plague. 

LCE.VIOS.  Plague. 

LOGI  ATROS,  XiyuTaoc;  from  ;0yo?,  'a 
word,'  and  lar^uc.  'a  physician.'  A  physician 
without  experience.     A  mere  theorist. 

LOGOS,  Reason 

LOGWOOD,  Hamialoxylon  Campechiannm. 

LOG"  Y,  ioyoc,  '  a  description.'  A  suffix  de- 
noting -a  treatise  or  description.'  Hence,  An- 
giulogy  and  Neurology,  &c 


LOHOCH,  Looch. 

LOIMOG'RAPHY,  Loimogra'phia,  froa 
lot/to^,  'plague,'  and  yotttpai,  'I  describe.'  A 
description  of  the  plague  and  pestilential  dis- 
eases. 

LOIMOS,  Plague. 

LOINS,  Lumbi. 

LOLIACEUM  RADICE  REPENTE,  Trit.- 
cum  repens. 

LOMBA1RE,  Lumbar. 

LOMBO-J1BDOMINJ1L,  Transversalis  abdo- 
minis — /.  Costal,  Serratus  posticus  inferior — I. 
Costatrackelien,  Sacro-lumbalis — /.  Dorso-spi- 
nal,  Transversalis  dorsi — /  Dorso-lruchelien, 
Longissimus  dorsi  —  /.  Humeral,  Latissimuo 
dorsi — /.  Sacri,  Lumbo-sacral. 

LOMBRIC,  Ascaris  lumbricoides. 

LOMBRICO'I'DE.  Ascaris  lumbricoides. 

LONCHIT1S,  Polypodium  filix  mas. 

LONG,  Longus,  Macros.  That  which  i« 
much  greater  in  length  than  in  breadth;  as  the 
long  bones.  The  epithet  is,  also,  applied  to 
several  muscles,  to  distinguish  them  from  others 
of  similar  function,  when  the  latter  are  shorter. 
We  say,  for  instance,  long  flexors,  and  long  ex- 
tensors, in  opposition  to  short  flexors,  and  short 
extensors. 

LONG  DU  COU,  Longus  colli—/,  du  Dos, 
Longissimus  dorsi. 

LONGiEVUS,  Macrobiotic. 

LONGANON,  Rectum. 

LONGAON,  Rectum. 

LONGAS,  Rectum. 

LONGEVITY,  Longx'vitas,  MacroHo'su. 
The  prolongation  of  existence  to  an  advanced 
age.  Haller  collected  examples  of  more  than 
one  thousand  centenarians.  He  had  knowledge 
of  sixty-two  persons,  aged  from  1 10  to  120  years; 
of  twenty-nine,  from  120  to  130  years;  arid  of 
fifteen,  who  had  attained  from  130  to  140  years. 
Beyond  this  advanced  age,  examples  nf  lon- 
gevity are  much  more  rare  and  less  sufficiently 
attested. 

The  following  list  of  instances  of  very  ad- 
vanced ages  has  been  given: 

Lived.  Agt. 

Appollonius  of  Tyana,  A.D.  HO  -  130 

St.  Patrick, 491   -   122 

Attila 500  -   124 

Llywareh  Hfin 500-   150 

St   Coem<rene GIB  -  120 

Piastos,  King  of  Poland,..  861  -  120 

Thomas  Parr 1635  -    152 

Henry  Jenkins 1070  -    160 

Countess  of  Desmond, .  1612  -   145 

Thomas  Damme Mi-13  -   154 

Peter  Torten 1724  -  1*5 

Margaret  Patten 1739  ■   137 

John  Rivin  and  wife 1741   -172andlW 

St  M'lnagli  or  Kentigen,. .  1781  -  Ida 

LONC.IS'ShVlUS   DORSI,   Lomlmdorso-tn- 

thilien,  Portion  costo-tracbtlitnne  du  surra-sputa!, 
(Ch..)  Semi  spina'iu*.  (F.)  Long  dorsal.  Long 
da  dos,  is  situate  vertically  at  the  posterior  part 
of  the  trunk,  and  fills,  in  a  great  measure,  the 
vertebral  furrows.  It  is  thick  and  almost  square 
below;  thin  and  pointed  above.  It  is  attached 
to  the  posterior  surface  of  the  sacrum,  to  the 
transverse  processes  of  all  the  lumbar  and  dor- 
sal vertebrae,  and  to  the  inferior  margin  of  the 
last  7  or  &  ribs.  It  maintains  the  vertebral  co- 
lumn in  a  straight  position;  straightens  it  when 


LONGISSIMUS  FEMORIS 


455 


LOVE 


bent  forwards,  and  can  even  carry  it  back.  It 
also  assists  in  the  rotatory  motion  of  the  trunk. 

Longissimus  Femoris,  Sartorius — 1.  Oculi, 
Obliquus  superior  oculi. 

LONG-SIGHTEDNESS,  Presbytia. 

LONG  US  COLLI,  Predorso-ccrtical,  Prt- 
dorso-afloidien,  (Ch..)  (F.)  Long  du  cou.  This 
muscle  is  situate  at  the  anterior  and  superior 
part  of  the  vertebral  column.  It  is  long,  flat, 
und  broader  at  its  middle  than  at  its  extremi- 
ties, which  are  pointed.  It  is  attached  to  the 
anterior  surface  of  the  bodies  of  the  first  three 
dorsal  and  last  six  cervical  vertebra;  to  the  in- 
tervertebral ligaments;  to  the  anterior  edge  of 
the  transverse  processes  of  the  last  five  cervical 
vertebra?;  and  to  the  tubercle  on  the  anterior 
arch  of  the  first.  This  muscle  bends  the  cervi- 
cal vertebrae  upon  each  other  and  upon  the  dor- 
sal vcitebrae.  If  the  upper  portion  acts  on  one 
side  only,  it  occasions  the  rotation  of  the  atlas 
on  the  vertebra  dentata;  and,  consequently,  of 
the  hend  on  the  neck. 

LONICE'RA  PERICLYM'ENUM,  Prry- 
tUm'envm,  Caprifo'lium,  Common  Woodbine 
(F.)  Cher.re.-fcuillc.  This  common  plant  is 
slightly  astringent  and  tonic,  and  was  formerly 
much  used  in  gargles. 

LOOCH,  Lo/ioch.  Look.  A  Iinctus.  See 
Ecleguiii  and  Eclectos. 

Loocn  absjo.uk  Emulsio'nk  Para'tum,  Look 
prepare  suns  emulsion,  hooch  jrrepured  without 
emulsion  {Pulo.  g.  Irag.  gr.  xvj  to  gr.  XXX,  ol 
anujgil.  du/r.  _^ss,  surchur.  t^j,  eqns  ^i'j.  aquae 
fior.  aurunt.  :jij.  Mix  by  rubbing  in  a  marble 
mortar.)     Demulcent. 

Looch  Album,  Loorh  amygdali'num,  Linctus 
albu;;,  L  amygdulinus,  L  cnmmu'nis,  Er.leg'mu 
album.  Ec/egma  gum  wo' so-oletr sum,  (F.)  Loorh 
blfiiic.  L.  h.  (imygdalin,  L.  b.  pectoral.  (j)mygd 
dulr.  §ss,  atnygd.  annvr.  No.  ij,  sarrhor.  nth.  Xiv. 
Make  an  emulsion  by  gradually  adding  ^i'v  of 
water.  Then  take  pulo.  tragaeanlh.  gr.  xvj,o/. 
emygd.  dulc.  recent,  .^ss,  saecJi.  gij.  Add  the 
alm><nd  milk  gradually  to  this,  and  afterwards 
aq.  far  aurunt.  gtj.  Ph.  P.)  It  is  demulcent 
and  pectoral. 

Loocn  A,Mvr:t>Ai.iNUM,  L.  album — /.  Blanc, h. 
album — I.  cum  Croco  et  jiistaciis,  L.  vinde — I. 
of  Egg,  L.  ex  nvo. 

Looch  kx  Ovo,  Looch  of  egg,  (F.)  Look  d'auf. 
Loorh  rouge,  Emulsion  hwliuse.  Mixture  cul- 
7nan.tr.  Potion  pectorale.  Lait  ndoucissant.  Polio 
sen  eiiivl'sio  seu  mistu'ru  len'iens  sen  oleo'su, 
Looch  pcitoia'/S  len'iens.  (  Vilell  oni.  recent.  ?ss. 
cL  umygd.  dulc.  ^iss,  syrup  ulthase.  ^j  Rub 
in  a  mortar. and  add  by  degrees  aq  for.  aurunt 
Jj.  aq.  pnpno  rhaod.Jp'y  Pit.  P.)  Virtues  the 
some  as  the  preceding. 

LOOCH  ROUGED  L.  ex  Ovo— I.  Vert,  L. 
viride. 

Looch  Vir'idk,  Look  cum  trod  et  pisla'ciis, 
(F.)   Looefl  reel       (Si/rup.   Violar.  (?j,  linc.t.  croei 

gtt  xx.  nquir,  ^iv.  Mix, and  add  pistacia  semin. 
sice.  £vj.  /'/;    P.)      Virtues  like  the  last. 

LOOK.  Looch — I.  d' UZnf,  Looch  ex  ovo — / 
Prepare  suns  emulsion,  Looch  absque  emulsione 
para  turn. 

LOOSE  STRIFE,  CREEPING,  Lysimachia 
Bummnlaria. 

LOOS KNESS.  Diarrhoea. 

LOPEZ  RADIX.  Radix  lopeziu'na,  Radix 
In'dicn  lopeziu'na.  The  root  of  an  unknown 
Indian  tree,  not  possessed  of  any  remarkable 


smell  or  taste,  or  of  any  appearance  of  resinous 
matter.  It  has  been  extolled,  notwithstanding, 
in  cases  of  colliquative  diarrhoea.  Gaubius  com- 
pares its  action  to  that  of  simarouba,  but  thinks 
it  more  efficacious. 

LOPHADIA,Lophia. 

LOPIIIA,  Lopha'dia.  The  first  vertebra  of 
the  back. —  Gorra;us. 

LOPIMA.  Fagus  caslanea. 

LOQUACITY,  Garru'Utas;  from  loquor,  '! 
speak.1  (F.)  Bubillement.  The  act  of  speaking 
with  volubility.  It  is,  sometimes,  a  symptom 
of  disease,  nnd  is  observable  in  hysteria,  &c. 

LOQUELA,  Voice,  articulated. 

LORDO'SIS,  from  XooS.g,  'curved,'  'bent.' 
Repanda'tio,  Repan'ditas.  A  name  given  to  cur- 
vatures of  the  bones  in  general;  and  pari  icularly 
to  that  of  the  vertebral  column  forwards.  See 
Hump. 

LOKIND  MATRI'CIS,  Epilrp'si.a  vtcri'na, 
Convulsi'vus  u'teii  morbus.  A  barbarous  nam* 
given  to  a  pretended  epilepsy  of  the  womb. 

LOT.  Unne. 

LOTIO  SAPONACEA,  sec  Sapo. 

LO'TION,  Lo'tio,  from  luvnre,  latum, '  to  wash.' 
(F.)  Hydrolotif.  A  fluid  external  application. 
Lotions  are  ordinarily  applied  by  wetting 
linen  in  them  and  keeping  it  on  the  part  af- 
fected. 

Lotion,  Gowi.and's.  An  empirical  prepara- 
tion. (Bitter  almonds,  J;j,  sutrur,  ^ij,  distilled 
looter,  Ibij.  Grind  together,  strain,  and  add  cor- 
rosive sublimate,  t}ij.  previously  ground  withsjR. 
r.ini.  red  £ij  )      Used  in  obstinate  eruptions. 

IiOTIOrv,     GkASVILLe's     CuUNTK.R     iKKlTANT. 

Granville's  Lotion.  Gianville's  antid'ynous  lotiov. 
Of  this  lotion  Dr.  Granville  gives  two  forms — 
ri  milder,  and  a  stronger.  The  milder  is  made 
as  follows:  L'q.  amnion,  fort,  f.  ^j,  Sp.  Rosma- 
rin.  f.  jjvj,  Tinrt.  camphor,  f.  ^ij.  M. 

The  stionirer  is  made  as  follows:  Liq.nmmon. 
fort.  f.  ,™x,  Spir.  Rosmar.  f.  gss,  Tinct.  camphor. 
f.  ^ij.  M. 

The  stronger  lotion  vesicates  rapidly.  A  piece 
of  cotton  or  linen  folded  six  or  seven  times,  or 
a  piece  of  thick  flannel  may  be  imbued  with 
them,  and  laid  on  the  pait  to  be  irritated  for  a 
few  minutes. 

Lotion,  Hannay's,  Preven'tire  icash.  This 
fa  moil's  nostrum,  for  the  prevention  of  venereal 
infection,  was  nothing  more  than  a  solution  cf 
caustic  potass. 

Lotion,  H yjm'.ocyav'ic,  Lotio  J)c"idi  Hydro- 
cyan'ici.  [Hydrocyanic  acid,  f  giv.  red  fed  spi~ 
rit  of  wine,  f.  ^j,  distilled  water,  K  ?xss.)  Used 
with  inner)  success  in  impetigo,  &c. 

Lotion,  Struvk's,  for  Uooping-Cougm. 
(dutim.  it  Potass,  tartar,  ^j,  aipix  §ij.  Add 
tinct    rimllin rid.  ~^j.) 

LOTIUM.  Ur'ine. 

LOTUS  SYLVLSTRIS,  Trifolium  melilotu* 
— 1.  Virginiiina   Diospyros  Virginiana. 

LOUCHEMEJVT,  Strabismus. 

LOUCIIES  see  Strabismus. 

LOUPE.  Wen. 

LOUSE.  Pediculus. 

LOUSINESS.  Phtheiriasis. 

LOUSY  DISEASE,  Phtheiriasis. 

LOUTRON.Bath. 

LOVAOE.  Ligusticum  levisticum. 

LO V  E,  Eros,  amor,  from  Snx  lupian,  (G.) 
1  i  e  b  e  n, 'to  love.'  (F.)  Amour.  A  lender 
and  elevated  feeling,  which  attracts  one  sex  to 


LOVE  APPLE  PLANT 


456 


LUMBI 


the  other.  Lnve  is  occasionally  a  cause  of  dis- 
ease, especially  of  insnnily. 

Love  Apple  Plant,  Solanum  lyeopersicum 
— 1.  Pea,  Abrus  precatorius. 

LOW  SPIRITS,  Hypochondriasis. 

LOWER,  TU'BERCLE  OF,  Tuber'culum 
Loiceri.  Anatomists  have  given  this  name  to  a 
small  projection,  the  existence  of  which  is  by 
no  means  constant,  and  which  is  found  in  the 
sinus  venosus,  between  the  superior  and  infe- 
rior cava. 

LOXAR'THRUS,  from  Xo%oc,  'oblique,'  and 
aoSqov,  'articulation.'  (F.)  Perversion  de  la  tele 
des  os  et  dcs  muscles.  A  vitious  deviation  or 
direction  of  the  joints,  without  spasm  or  luxa- 
tion,— as  in  clubfoot. 

LOXIAS,  Torticollis. 

LOZENGE,  Tabella. 

LOZENGES,  BARK,  Tabella?  cinchona— 1. 
of  Catechu  and  magnesia,  Tabella?  antimoniales 
Kunckelii — 1.  Faustinus's,  Faustini  pastilli — 1. 
for  the  Heart-burn,  Trochisci  carbonatis  calcis 
— 1.  Magnesia,  Tabella?  de  magnesia — 1.  of 
Marshmallows,  Tabella?  de  althaea — 1.  of  Oxalic 
acid,  Tabellae  acidi  oxalici — 1.  Pectoral,  black, 
Trochisci  glycyrrhiza?  glabra? — 1.  Pectoral,  of 
emetine,  Trochisci  e  me  tin  a:  pectorales — 1.  Rhu- 
barb, Tabella?  de  rheo — I.  of  Scammony  and 
senna,  compound,  Tabella?  de  scammonio  et 
senna — 1.  Steel,  Tabella?  de  ferro — 1.  of  Steel, 
aromatic,  see  Tabella?  de  ferro — 1.  Sulphur, 
simple,  Tabella?  de  sulphure  simplices — I.  Sul- 
phur, compound,  Tabella?  de  sulphure  composi- 
te?— 1  of  Sulphuret  of  antimony,  Tabella?  anti- 
moniales Kunckelii — 1.  Worm,  Ching's,  see 
Worm  lozeno-es,  (Ching's.) 

LUBRICUM  CAPUT,  Penis. 

LUCCA,  MINERAL  WATERS,  AND  CLI- 
MATE OF.  The  baths  and  waters,  near  this 
ancient  Italian  city,  have  been  longcelebrated. 
They  are  thermal,  and  resemble,  in  properties, 
those  of  Plombieres  in  France,  and  of  Bath  in 
England.  They  contain  carbonic  acid,  sul- 
phates of  aluminr,  soda,  magnesia,  and  iron. 
There  are  ten  different  sources,  the  tempera- 
ture of  which  varies  from  1)4°  to  130°  Fahr. 

Lucca  is  much  frequented  in  summer;  partly 
on  account  of  its  mineral  waters,  but  more  on 
account  of  the  coolness  of  its  situation. 

LUCID,  Lu' cuius.  In  medicine,  the  word 
lucid  is  particularly  applied  to  the  intervals  of 
apparent  reason,  which  occur  in  mental  aliena- 
tion. 

LUCINA,Ilithyia. 

LUES,  Plague,  Syphilis  —  !.  Gutturis  epide- 
mica,  Cynanche  maligna — 1.  Indica,  Framboe- 
sia — 1.  Sarmatica,  Plica — 1.  Syphilis,  Syphilis 
— 1.  Syphilodes,  Syphilis  pseudo-syphilis — 1. 
Venerea,  Syphilis — 1.  Scorbutica,  see  Purpura. 

LUETTE,  Uvula—/.  Vesicate,  see  Urinary- 
bladder. 

LUJULA,  Oxalis  acetosella. 

LULLABY  SPEECH,  Lallation. 

LUMBA'GO,  from  Lumbi,  'the  loins.'  Ar- 
thro'sia  lunibu'rum,  Lumbago  rkr.n mal'ica,  Ne- 
phral  gia  rbeumal'ica,  Rliachirrheu'ma,  Rachior- 
rheu'ma,  Rlteumatis'mus  dorsa'lis.  'Rheumatism 
affecting  the  lumbar  region. 

Lumbu'go  psoad'ica,  L.  apostemato'sa,  L  ab 
arthroc'acl—  Pain  in  the  loins  from  abscess. 
Kee  Psoitis. 

Lumbago  a  Nisu,  see  Effort. 

LUMBAR,   Lumbdris   vel    Lumbu'lis.     (F.) 


Lombaire.     Belonging  or  having  reference  to 
the  loins. 

Lumbar  Abscess,  Psoas  abscess,  jJposle'ma 
psoat'icam.  Absces'sus  lumbo'rum,  Morbus  psaatL'- 
icus.  This  abscess  is  so  called  from  the  matter 
being  found  on  the  side  of  the  psoas  muscle,  or 
betwixt  that  and  the  iliacus  internus.  Between 
these  muscles  is  a  quantity  of  loose,  cellular 
substance;  and,  when  an  abscess  takes  place 
there,  it  can  find  no  outlet  except  by  a  distant 
course.  Generally,  it  descends  along  the  psoas 
muscle,  forming  a  swelling  immediately  be- 
neath Poupart's  ligament;  at  times,  however, 
it  extends  down  the  thigh  under  the  fascia. 
Severe  hectic  follows  the  bursting  of  the  ab- 
scess, and  often  death.  Its  causes  are, — scro- 
fula, injury  to  the  loins,  &c. 

When,  from  the  pain  of  the  back  continuing 
for  some  time,  with  other  symptoms,  the  dis- 
ease is  suspected,  caustics,  or  the  moxa  applied 
opposite  the  transverse  processes  of  the  lumbar 
vertebra?,  must  be  recommended;  and,  when 
the  abscess  is  ready  for  opening,  it  may  be 
emptied  by  repeated  discharges  of  the  matter, 
through  a  small  opening,  made  with  a  lancet, 
or  small  lancet-pointed  trocar.  The  medical 
treatment  will  consist  in  supporting  the  sys- 
tem, under  the  great  restorative  efforts  required 
of  it. 

Lumbar  Arteries  are  four  or  five  in  num- 
ber on  each  side.  They  arise  from  the  sides  of 
the  abdominal  aorta,  and  pass  behind  the  mus- 
cles situate  in  front  of  the  lumbar  portion  of 
the  spine,  to  gain  the  broad  muscles  of  the  ab- 
domen. They  give  off,  1.  Spinal  branches. 
2.  Anterior,  posterior,  and  external  muscular 
branches. 

Lumbar  Nerves  are  five  in  number,  and 
issue  from  the  vertebral  column  by  the  spinal 
foramina  of  the  loins.  The  first  lumbar  nerve 
gives  off  three  branches: — the  external  or  t 'Ho- 
scrotal,-  the  middle  or  in  guino-cutaneous,  and 
the  internal  or  infrapubian.  Along  with  the 
three  pairs  below  it,  it  forms  the  lumbar  plexus. 

Lumbar  Plexus,  Portion  lombaire  du  plexus 
crural,  (Ch.)  Plexus  Lombo-abdominol.  This 
plexus  is  formed  by  the  union  of  the  Rami 
communican'tes  of  the  anterior  branches  of  the 
first  four  lumbar  nerves.  It  is  situate  behind 
the  psoas  muscle,  and  before  the  transverse 
processes  of  the  lumbar  vertebra?.  It  furnishes, 
besides  the  branches  which  proceed  from  the 
first  pair,  several  filaments,  that  are  distributed 
to  the  psoas  muscle,  to  the  iliacus,  the  integu- 
ments, glands  of  the  groin;  and  three  great 
branches — the  crural,  obturator,  and  lumbosa- 
era!. 

Lumbar  Veins  have  an  arrangement  analo- 
gous to  that  of  the  arteries  of  the  same  name. 
They  communicate  with  the  vertebral  sinuses, 
azygous  veins,  &c,  and  pass  into  the  vena  cava 
inferior. 

Lumbar  Region,  Lumbi. 

LUMBARIS  EXTERNUS,  Quadratus  lum- 
borntn — 1.  Internus,  Psoas  magnus. 

LUMBI,  The  loins,  the  lumbar  region,  Lap'a- 
ra,  Psocf,  Osphys.  The  posterior  regions  of 
the  abdomen,  comprised  between  the  base  of 
the  chest  and  the  pelvis.  The  parts,  which 
enter  into  the  formation  of  the  lumbar  region, 
are — the  skin;  a  considerable  quantity  of  cellu- 
lar texture;  broad  and  strong  aponeuroses; — 
the  Laiissimvs  Dorsi,  Obliquus  externvs,  and  Ob- 


LUMBO-SACRAL 


457 


LUXATION 


Hauus  interna*  abdominis,  Transversal  is  abdo- 
minis, Quadratics  luntborum,  and  the  mass  com- 
mon to  the  Sucrv-lumbalis,  Longissirnus  dorsi 
and  Mult ifidus  spina  These  muscles  surround 
the  lumbar  region  of  the  vertebral  column. 
The  vessels,  nerves,  <fcc  ,  of  the  loins,  are  called 
lumbar 

LUMBO-SACRAL.  Belonging  to  the  lum- 
bar and  sacral  regions.  (F.)  Lontho-sacri.  Bi- 
chat  calls  thus  a  very  large  nerve,  given  off 
from  the  anterior  branch  of  the  fifth  lumbar 
pair,  which  descends  into  the  pelvis  before  the 
sacrum  to  join  the  sciatic  plexus. 

LUMBRlCA'LIS,  Vermicvia'ris.  Resem- 
bling a  lumbricus  or  'earthworm.'  A  name 
given  to  small  muscles,  met  with  in  the  palm 
of  the  hand  and  sole  of  the  foot. 

Lumericai.es  Manus,  Fidicinu'fes,  Flexor 
primi  interne' dii  digito'rum  manus  vel  perfora'- 
tus  la  in  lii  ica'lis,  .'In  n  uli-h  n  dino-phala  ngiens,  Fa  I- 
mi-phalangiens.  Four  small,  fleshy,  thin,  round, 
long,  fusiform  fasciculi,  situate  in  the  palm  of 
the  hand,  and  distinguished  into  first,  second, 
third,  and  fourth,  counting  from  without  to 
within.  They  arise  from  the  tendons  of  the 
flexor  communis  digitorutn,  and  are  inserted  at 
the  outer  and  posterior  side  of  the  superior  ex- 
tremity ofthe  first  phalanges  of  the  last  fourfin- 
gers.  These  muscles  bend  the  fingers  on  the 
metacarpus,  and  fix  the  tendons  of  the  flexor 
digitorum  communis. 

LuiMHitiCALES  Pedis,  Plantitendino-phalan- 
tricus,  Planti-sous-phtdangiens,  (Ch  )  They  are 
analogous  to  those  of  the  hand  in  form,  number, 
and  arrangement.  They  increase  the  flexion 
ofthe  toes,  and  draw  them  inwards. 

LUMBRICUS,  Ascaria  lumbricoides — 1.  La- 
tus,  Bothriocophalus  latus,  Taenia  solium — 1. 
Teres  hornmis.  Ascaris  lumbricoides. 

LUMBUS  VENERIS,  Achillea  millefolium. 

LUMEN,  Light,  Pupil. 

LUMIERE,  Light. 

LUiNA.  Ajgentuin,  Moon. 

LUNA'RK  OS,  Os  semiluna'rS.  The  second 
bone  in  the  upper  row  ofthe  carpus. 

LUiNA'RlA  REDIYTVA.  Leucoium,  Bui- 
tionach,  Satin,  Honesty.  Said,  by  Ray,  to  be  a 
warm  diuretic. 

L  U'N  A  T  I  C,  Lunal'icus,  from  Luna,  '  the 
moon.'  That  which  is  under  the  influence  of 
the  moon.  Moonstruck.  An  epithet  given  to 
diseases  which  are  supposed  to  appear  at  cer- 
tain phases  of  the  moon,  or  to  those  who  are 
affected  by  them.  Usually,  it  is  restricted  to 
one  labouring  under  lunacy  or  mental  aliena- 
tion. 

LUKE,  Moon. 

LUNELLA,  Hypopyon. 

LUNE8,  Menses. 

LUNETTES  ORDLYAIRES,  Spectacles. 

LUiNG.  Pulinn — I.  Black,  of  coal  miners,  An- 
thracosis — I.  Cancer  of  the,  Phthisis,  cancerous. 

LeNG,  Perforating  Abscess  of  the.  A 
purulent  collection,  which  forms  exterior  to 
the  lung,  and  afterwards  perforates  its  tissue, 
go  that  it  is  evacuated  through  the  bronchial 
tubes 

Lunb  Proof,  Docimasia  pulmonum  —  I 
Wort,  Pnlmraaria — I.  Wort,  oow's,  Verbascum 
nigrum  —  1    Wort,  tree,  Lichen  pulmonarius. 

LUPIA,  Encystis,  Wen. 

1,U  ITNUS.    Under  this  term  the  white  lupin, 
Lupi'nus  al'bus,  is  meant,  in  some  pharmaco- 
30 


pceias.  The  seeds,  which  were  much  eaten  in 
the  days  of  Pliny  and  of  Galen,  are  now  ne- 
glected. The  meal  is,  however,  occasionally 
used  as  an  anthelmintic,  and  as  a  cataplasm. 

LUPULI'NA,  Lu'pulin.  A  substance  which 
exists  in  the  hop,  and  has  been  pointed  out  by 
Dr.  Ives,  of  New  York.  It  occurs  in  the  form 
of  small,  shining,  yellowish  grains,  which  cover 
the  base  of  the  scales  of  the  hop.  It  is  pulve- 
rulent, and  of  an  aromatic  odour.  When  ana- 
lyzed, it  is  found,  to  contain  resin,  volatile  oil  in 
small  quantity,  and  a  bitter  principle.  It  is  aro- 
matic and  tonic,  and— according  to  Dr.  Ives — 
narcotic. 

LUPUS,  'the  wolf.'  So  named  from  its  ra- 
pacity. Ulcus  Tuberculo' 'sum,  Cancer  lupus,  Noli 
me  tangere.  Tubercular  excrescences,  with 
ragged,  spreading  ulcerations,  chiefly  about 
the  alffl  nasi,  where  they  destroy  the  skin,  &c. 
for  some  depth.  Sometimes  they  appear  in 
the  cheek,  circularly,  or  in  the  shape  of  a 
sort  of  ringworm,  destroying  the  substance  and 
leaving  a  deep  and  deformed  cicatrix.  The 
knife  or  caustic  should  be  used  to  separate  the 
sound  from  the  morbid  parts.  Arsenic  has  been 
given  internally  with  advantage. 

Lupus  Cakcrosus,  Cancer — 1.  Vorax,  Herpes 
exedeus. 

LUSCIOSITAS.  Myopia. 

LUSCIOSUS,  My  ops. 

LUS'CITAS,  Strabismus.  The  term  has 
I  also  been  given  to  all  those  cases  of  strabismus, 
in  which  the  eye  is  fixed  in  its  unnatural  posi- 
tion.—  Beer. 

LUSCUS,  Borgne. 

LUT.  Lute. 

LUTE,  Latum,  ('mud,')  C amen' turn.  (F.) 
Lut.  A  composition  employed  either  forclosino- 
apertures  in  a  pharmaceutical  instrument,  or 
for  covering  the  surface  of  retorts,  tubes,  &c, 
which  have  to  support  a  great  degree  of  heat. 
Lutes  are  composed  differently,  according  to 
the  object  to  be  accomplished.  Commonly 
they  are  made  of  linseed  meal  and  starch.  The 
fat  lute  is  formed  of  clay  and  drying  oil.  Some- 
times, the  white  of  egg  and  lime  are  used;  and 
that  which  is  employed  for  covering  vessels, 
intended  to  be  strongly  heated,  is  made  of  clay, 
sifted  sand,  and  water. 

LUTEUS,  Yellow. 

LUTRON,  /.')(  rqor.  A  bath.  Also,  an  oph- 
thalmic medicine. — Galen. 

LUX,  Light. 

LUXA'TION,  Eluxu'tion,  from  htxare,  'to 
put  out  of  place.'  Disloca'tion,  Olisthc'ina,  Jtjio- 
ped'asis,  Luxa'lio,  Dis'toca'tio,  Ec'c/isis,  Stremf- 
ma,  Lvxalu'ra,  Ectop'ia,  Eepto'sis,  Elap'sus,  Ly- 
gis'mus,  Emo'lio,  Ec'stasis,  Exarthrt'ma,  Ex- 
<n  tli.ru' ma,  Er.arth.re' ma  luxa'lio,  Exarthro'sis, 
Slreblo'sis,  Deloea'tto,  Exarticvla'tio,  (F.)  Luxa- 
tion, Dislocation,  Debnttement.  A  displacement 
of  a  part  from  its  proper  situation.  A  putting 
out  (jf  joint.  A  displacement  of  two  or  more 
bones,  whose  articular  surfaces  have  lost, 
wholly  or  in  part,  their  natural  connexion ; 
either  owing  to  external  violence,  (accidental 
luxation,)  or  to  disease  of  some  of  the  parts 
about  the  joint  (spontaneous  luxation.')  Luxa- 
tion is  complete,  when  the  bones  have  entirely 
lost  their  natural  connexion;  incomplete,  when 
they  partly  preserve  it;  and  compound,  when  a 
wound  communicates  with  the  luxated  joint. 
The  general  indications  of  treatment,  are:—]. 


LUXEUIL,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF      458 


LYMPHATIC  SYSTEM 


To  reduce  the  protruded  hone  to  its  original 
place.  2.  To  retain  it  in  situ.  3  To  obviate 
any  attendant  or  consequent  symptoms. 

To  reduce  requires  extension,  counter-exten- 
sion, and  coaptation. 

LUXEUIL,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Sa- 
line waters,  at  the  town  of  Luxeuil,  at  the  foot 
of  the  Vosrjes,  in  the  department  of  Haute 
Saone.  Five  springs  are  thermal,  and  two 
eold.  They  seem  to  contain  carbonic  acid, 
carbonates  of  iron  and  lime,  and  chloride  of 
sodium;  and  are  employed  as  aperient,  tonic, 
and  stimulant.  _ 

LYCAN'CH  E,  from  mncoc, '  a  wolf,'  and  ay/w, 
'I  strangle.'  Wolf  quinsy,  Wolfchoak; — as  Cy- 
nan c he  means  Dmr  chonk.     See  Lycoides. 

LYCANTHRO'PIA.  from  kvxos,  'a  wolf.' 
and  ariigmnof,  ;a  man:'  Lyca'on,  Insu'nia  lupi'- 
uu.  A  variety  of  melancholy,  in  which  the 
person  believes  himself  to  be  changed  into  a 
wolf,  and  imitates  the  voice  and  habits  of  that 
animal. 

LYCAON,  Lycantliropia. 
LYCHNIS  SYLVESTRIS,  Saponaria. 
LYCOl'DES,  Lyco'des,  from  Xvauc,  'a  wolf,' 
and  tidoc, '  form.'  Lvpo  dm' His.  An  epithet  for 
a  species  of  cynanche,  absurdly  attributed  to 
excessive  retention  of  sperm  in  its  reservoirs 
and  its  passage  into  the  blood  (?). 

IACOPE  DE  VIRGJN1E,  Lycopus  Virg't- 
nicos. 

LYCQPER'DON,  from  Xvxoc,  'a  wolf,'  and 
ntoSto,  '1  break  wind'  L.  Bovis'la,  Crep'itus 
Lvpi,  Puff-ball,  Bull  Fisls,  MoPKpuffs,  Bovis'lu, 
(F.)  Vesstloup.  The  puff  ball  dries  into  a  very 
fine,  licrht,  brownish  dust,  which  is  sometimes 
used  as  a  mechanical  styptic  to  arrest  hemor- 
rhage. 

Lvcoprti'dok  Ti'ber,  Tuber,  Truffle.  Agrio- 
tas'tanum,  Tilths.  Tuber  ciba'rium;  T  Guloscf- 
rtirn,  Ta'bera  Terras,  Tuckaho,  (F  ;  Trnffe  A 
fleshy,  firm  body,  unknown  in  its  mode  of  re- 
production, which  is  found  under  ground, 
especially  in  different  parts  of  France,  Italy, 
&c„  and  is  much  esteemed  as  an  aliment.  It 
teems  to  belong  to  the  champignons,  and  has 
a  particular  perfume.  Aphrodisitc  virtues  have 
been  ascribed  to  it. 

LYCOFO'DIUM,  (from  JLvxo?,  «a  wolf;'  and 
n ore,  'a  foot.')  L.  Clavu'tum,  Cingutn'ria, 
Musrus  rlcwq'tus,  Club-moss..  Wo'f's-claw.  This 
irt  the  largest  of  the  European  mosses.  The 
dust,  which  fills  the  capsules  of  its  spikes,  is 
very  inflammable,  and  hence  has  been  called 
Vegetable  Sulphur ; —  and.  also,  Fari'na  sen 
Putvis  sen  Semen  seu  Sulphur  Lyoopo'dii.  It  is 
used  in  France  to  roll  pills  and  boluses  in;  and 
in  medicine,  as  a  desiccative,  in  the  excoria- 
tions to  which  infants  are  liable.  It  is  collected 
chiefly  in  Switzerland  and  Germany  for  com- 
merce. 

L^coroniuM  Sei  a'go,  Miiscus  erec/tus,  Up- 
tight  Club-moss,  Fir  Club-moss,  Upright  Fir- 
moss.  The  decoction  of  this  plant  acts  vio- 
lently as  an  emetic  and  purgative;  and  was 
formerly,  on  this  account,  used  as  an  abortive. 
It  is  also  employed  to  kill  vermin. 

LY'COPUS.  L.  Virgin'icug,  Bugkweed,  Wa- 
ter Bugle,  Water  Horehound,  Gypsy  Weed,  Paul's 
B'l'unij,  (F  )  l.yrope  dr.  Virginie.  This  indi- 
genous herb,  Scz.  Stjst.  Diundria  Monogynia, 
/fat.  Ord.  Labi!itff',grows  throughout  the  greater 


part  of  the  United  States.     The  whole  herb  i* 
said  to  be  slightly  narcotic.     It  is  given  in  infur- 
sion,  (Lyrop.  ^j;  aq  fervent.  Oj  ) 
Lvcopus  Vikginicus,  Lycopus. 
LYCOREXIS.  Fames  Inpina. 
LYCOSA  TARENTULA.  see  Tarantula. 
LYE,  DYSPEPTIC,  see  Fuiigokali-1.  Me- 
dical, see  Fuligokali. 
LYGISMUS.  Luxation. 
LYGMUS.  Singultus. 
LYING-IN  STATE,  Parturient  state. 
LYMPH,  Lympha,  from  rvpupi,  'water,' by 
changing  v  into  X       White.  Blood,  Lympha  Nu- 
tri"tia.     A  name  given  to  the  fluid,  contained 
in  the  lymphatic  vessels  and  thoracic  duct  of 
animals,  winch   have  been   made  to  fust  lor  24 
hours.     According  to  Chevreul,  the  lymph  of 
the  dog  contains  water,  fibrin,  albumen,  com- 
mon salt,  snbearbonate  of  soda,  phosphates  of 
lime  and  magnesia,  and  carbonate  of  lime.    The 
properties    and    composition    of    lymph    vary 
somewhat  according  to   the    part  whence  the 
lymphatic  vessels  oi.tain    it.     Generally,  it  in 
under  the  form  of  a  transparent,  slightly  alka- 
li n  e   fluid,  sometimes  of  a   madder-red  or  yel- 
lowish colour, — of  a  spermatic  odour,  and  saline 
taste;  soluble  in  water, — the  solution  becoming 
turbid,  when  mixed  with  alcohol.     When  left 
to  itself,  it  coagulates.     The  clot  or  solid  por- 
tion becomes  of  a  scarlet  red,  if  put  in  contact 
with  oxygen;  and  of  a  purple  red,  if  placed  in 
carbonic  acid. 

Like  the  blood,  the  lymph  consists  of  a  fluid 
in  which  lymph  corputeles  are  suspended. 

The  lymph  is  probably  the  product  of  inter- 
nal absorption  in  different  parts  of  the  body:  it 
then  flows  along  the  lymphatic  vessels,  uniting 
with  the  chyle,  and  is  poured  with  it  into  tilt- 
veins;  thus  becoming  one  of  the  materials  of 
the  blood.  According  to  others, the  blood,  when 
it  reaches  the  arterial  radicles,  is  divided  into 
two  portions, —  the  one  red,  which  is  carried  to 
the  heart, —  the  other  serous  or  white,  which  ie 
absorbed  by  the  lymphatic  vessels,  and  consti- 
tutes the  lymph/.  By  others,  again,  the  lym- 
phatics are  considered  to  be  the  vessels  of  re- 
turn for  the  white  blood  sent  to  certain  tissues. 
White  blood, however, has  probably  noexislencr. 
Lymph  Corpuscles,  see  Lymph — I.  Hearts, 
Lvnipbatic  hearts. 

"LYMPHA  MUCULENTA  NARIUM,  Nasal 
mucus — 1  Nulritia,  Lymph — 1.  Pancreatis,  see 
Pancreas — I.  Plastica.  Fibrin. 

LYMPHADENITIS:  from  lympha, ' lymph/ 
and  adeni'tis,   'inflammation  of  a  aland.'     la- 
flainmntinn  of  a  lymphatic  gland  or  ganglion. 
LYMPH^JDUCTUS,  Lymphatic  "vessels. 
LYMPH  AN  GEITIS,  Angeioleucitis. 
LYMPHANGIA.  Lymphatic  vessels. 
LYMPHANGITIS,  Anffeioleucilis 
LY M  PH AN GIO L'OGY",  from  Lymphange'cto. 
'a  lymphatic,'  and   Xnyoc,  'a  description.'    A 
treatise  on  the  lymphatics. 

LYMPHATIC,  Lymphal'icus.    That  which 
relates  to  lymph. 

Lymphatic  Hearts.  Lymph  Hearts.  The 
frog  and  several  other  animals  are  provided 
with  large  receptacles  for  the  lymph  imme- 
diately underneath  the  skin,  which  exhibit  dis- 
tinct and  regular  pulsations  like  the  sangui- 
ferous heart.  Their  use  appears  to  be — to  pro- 
pel the  lymph. 
Lymphatic  System  is  that  particular  9ysteia 


LYMPHATIC  GANGLIONS 


4-'J 


MACARONI 


•of  organs,  which  is  inscrvient  to  the  formation 
ind  circulation  of  lymph.     These  organs  are: 

I.  Lymphatic  Ganglions  or  Glands,  see 
Ganglion:). 

'2.  L  v  m  p  h  a  t  i  c  Vessels,  Lymphsedtic'tus, 
Lgmphangi'a,  Lymphonge'ii,  Vcnx  lymphaticse, 
Ductus  sero'si,  Vasa  lymphatica,  V.  resorben'tia. 
These  are  very  numerous.  Arising  at  the  surface 
of  membranes  and  in  the  tissue'of  the  organs, 
they  carry  into  the  veins  the  lymph  from  those 
parts.  Lymphatic  vessels  are  found  in  every 
part  of  the  body.  Wherever  they  are  met  with, 
however,  they  form  two  orders, — one  superfi- 
cial, the  other  deep-scaled; — the  two  orders 
frequently  communicating  with  each  other 
Lymphatic  vessels  are  generally  smaller  than 
arteries  and  veins.  They  are  very  thin, diapha- 
nous, and  cylindrical;  hut  they  present,  here 
and  there,  more  or  less  considerable  dilatations, 
caused  by  valves  in  their  interior.  They  are 
•lightly  tortuous  in  their  course:  their  anasto- 
moses are  very  numerous,  and  they  often  cross 
each  other,  forming  successive  plexuses.  Of 
the  arrangement  of  the  extreme  radicles  we 
are  ignorant.  All  the  branches,  before  joining 
the  principal  trunks,  pass  through  lymphatic 
ganglions,  in  which  they  are  convoluted,  or  sub- 
divide almost  ad  infinitum.  They  are  formed 
of  an  outer  cellular  membrane  and  an  internal 
coat,  similar  to  that  of  the  veins  :  of  the  latter, 
the  valves  are  formed.  All  the  lymphatics  of 
the  body  ultimately  discharge  themselves  into 
the  subclavian  and  internal  jugular  veins.  Two 
of  these  trunks  are  considerably  larger  than  the 
others, — the  thoracic  tluct,  (q  v.)  and  the  great 
trunk  of  the  right  side,  (!•'.)  La  giand  veine 
lijrnph'itique  droit n.  The  former  receives  the 
lymphatics  of  the  abdomen,  of  the  lower  extre- 
mities, the  left  side  of  the  thorax,  the  left  upper 
extremity,  and  the  corresponding  side  of  the 
head  and  neck  : — the  latter  receives  those  of  the 
right  upper  extremity,  and  of  the  right  side  of 
the  head,  neck  and  thorax. 

LYMPHATITIS.  Angei».teucitis. 

LYMF11E  DE  COTUGNO,  Cotunnius, 
liquor  of 

LYMPH EUKYS'M A, rtnmlympha,  'lymph,' 
and  tvyvvw,  'I  dilate.'     Morbid  dilatation  of  a 
lymphatic  vessel. 
'  LYMPHITIS.  Anjreioleucitis. 

LYMPHIZA'TION.  A  term  used  by  Pro- 
fessor  Gross  to  siuniiy  effusion  of  coagulable 
lymph.  It  is  not  a  happv  word,  inasmuch  as 
lymph  has  another  meaning,  whiJst  the  term 
'coagulable  lymph'  is  now  almost  abandoned. 

LYMPHOCIIE'ZIA,  from  lymphu.  'lymph,' 
and  //Toi, '  I  go  to  stool.'     Serous  diarrhoea  (q.  v.) 

EY  PHO'SIS.  The  preparation  or  elabora- 
tion of  lymph. 

LYM PHOT'OMY,  from  lympka,'  lymph,'  and 
ttprw,  T  cut.'     Dissection  of  the  lymphatics. 


LYNCH'S  EMBROCA'TION.  An  emol- 
lient nostrum,  formed  of  olive  oil  impregnated 
with  bergamot  and  other  essences,  and  coloured 
with  a llai net.  root. 

LYNGO'DES,  from  Ivy*,  'the  hiccough' 
Febris  lyngodes,  A  species  of  fever,  common!* 
intermittent,  of  which  hiccough  is  a  prominent 
symptom. 

LYNN  WAHOO,  Ulmus  alata. 

LYNX,  Sinirnitus. 

LYPEMANIA.  Melancholy. 

L  YPEROPHRJlME,  Melancholy. 

LYPOMA,  Lipoma 

LYRA ,  Xuga, '  I  he  lyre.'  Pgnlte'rium,  Corpus 
Psitlloi' des,  Lyra  Da'vidis.  The  under  surface 
of  the  posterior  part  of  the  body  of  the  fornix 
is  impressed  with  numerous  transverse  and  ob- 
lique lines,  which  have  been  so  called  from 
some  resemblance  I  hey  hear  to  the  ancient  lyre 

LYRINGIUM,  Ervn<rium  carnpestre. 

LYS I MA'CH  I  A  N'lJ  M  M  U  LA'RIA,  Creeping 
Louse  Strife,  Money  Wort,  Kummula'ria,  Hirun 
dina'ria,  Centimofbia,  (F)  HtrUt  uvx  6cus. 
This  plant  was  formerly  accounted  vulnerary. 
It  has  been  considered  to  possess  antiscorbutic 
and  astringent  qualities,  and  has  been  used  in 
leucorrhma. 

Lvsiihachia  Purpurea,  Lythrum  saliearia. 

LYSIS,  Xijnig,  from  \vu>,  'I  dissolve.'  Solu- 
tion, (q  v.);  a  common  suffix;  also,  a  name 
given  to  crimes,  which  are  operated  insensibly, 
that  is.  gradually  and  without  critical  symptoms. 

LYSSA  CANINA,  Hydrophobia. 

LYSSODEC'TUS,  from  Xvnaa,  'canine  mad 
ness,'  and  Saxria,  'I  bite."  Hydroph'obus ;  Cane 
rab'ido  morsus.  One  who  has  been  bitten  by  a 
mad  dog,  or  is  actually  labouring  under  hydro- 
phobia. 

LYTE'RIOS,  ivjr,Qiog,  (from  ivof,  'I  dis 
solve,')  'solving.'  An  epithet  given  to  those 
signs  which  announce  the  solution  of  a  very 
violent  disease. 

LY  TH  RU  M  SA  LICA'R  I  A,  Lijsima' chin,  pw 
pv'rea,  Salira'ria;  —  the  Common  or  Purple 
Willow  Herb.  The  herb,  root,  and  flowers  pos- 
sess a  considerable  degree  of  astringency,  and 
are  used,  occasionally,  in  the  cure  of  diarrhc:  % 
and  dysentery,  leueorrhcei,  haemoptysis,  &c. 

LYTTA  VESICATORIA,  Cantharis. 

Lytta  Rufipks.  A  variety  of  Lytta,  pecu- 
liar to  Chili,  which  is  more  active  as  a  vesicant 
than  the  Cantharis, or  the  Lytta  next  described. 

Lytta  Vitta'ta,  Can't  hart's  vittata,  Pota'to 
Fly,  (E.)  Cantharide  tachete'e.  Four  species  of 
meloe  that  blister  are  found  in  the  Uniteii 
States.  The  lytta  vittata  feeds  principally  upon 
the  potato  plant,  and,  at  the  proper  season  of 
the  year,  may  be  collected  in  immense  num- 
bers. The  potato  fly  resembles  the  cantharides 
in  every  property,  and  is  fully  equal  to  them. 


M. 


M.  This  letter  signifies,  in  prescriptions, 
wan/piilus,  'a  handful.'  Also,  misce,  'mix' 
See  Abbreviation 

MACAPATLI,  Smilax  sarsnparilla. 

MACARO'NL     An  alimentary  paste,  mould- 


ed of  a  cylindrical  shapp,  and  formed  office  or 
w beaten  flour  It  is  eaten — when  boiled — in 
soup — prepared  with  cheese.  &<\ 

Also,  a  name  formerly  given  to  a  pulverulent 

compound  of  sugar  and  glass  of  antimony,  car 


MACEDONISIUM 


460 


MAGISTERT 


ried  into  France  by  the  Italian  monks,  and  em- 
ployed at  the  hospital  La  Charite  in  the  treat- 
ment of  painters'  colic. 

MACEDONISIUM,  Smyrnium  olusatrum. 

MACERATION,  Macera'tio,  from  macero, 
'I  soften  by  water.'  An  operation,  which  con- 
sists in  infusing,  usually  without  heat,  a  solid 
substance  in  a  liquid,  so  as  to  extract  its  virtues. 

MACERONA,  Smyrnium  olusatrum. 

MACH^ERA,  Culter,  Knife,  Penis. 

MACHLERIDION,  Machcerion. 

MACH^E'RION,  Machsdris,  Muchxrid!ion, 
Gladiolus,  a  knilie,  (q.  v.)  An  amputating 
knife.  .  Rufus  of  Ephesus  asserts,  that  the 
Aruspices  gave  this  name  to  a  part  of  the 
liver  of  animals. 

MAChLERlS,  Knife. 

MACHAO'NIA,  see  Machaon'ica  Ars.  Medi- 
cine. 'The  Healing  Art: — so  called  after  Machaon, 
the  son  of  ^Esculapius, 

MACH'INAL,  Mechan'icus.  This  epithet  is 
added  especially  by  French  writers  to  the  word 
movement,  to  express  that  the  will  takes  no  part 
in  it. 

MACHINE',  Mach'ina,  Mach  inn  men' turn, 
Meclt'anS,  Mechane'ma.  A  more  or  less  com- 
pound instrument,  used  in  physics  and  chy  mis- 
try  to  put  a  body  in  motion,  or  to  produce  any 
;;ction  whatever.  Physiologists  sometimes  use 
^t  for  the  animal  body,- — as  the  machine,  or  ani- 
mal machine. 

MAOHLOSYNE,  Nymphomania. 

MACHOIRE,  Maxillary  bone  —  m.  Diacra- 
Tiienne.  Maxillary  bone,  lower — in.  Syucrani- 
enne,  Maxillary  bone,  supeiior. 

MACIES,  Atrophy,  Emaciation — m.  Infan- 
tum, Tabes  mesenterica. 

MACRAU'CHEN,  from  pcmgos.  'long,'  and 
*u/),i , '  the  neck.'  Longo  cvllo  prte'ditus. —  One 
who  has  a  long  neck. — Galen. 

MACRE  FLOTTAXTE,  Trapa  nalans. 

MACRITUDO,  Emaciation. 

MACROBIOSIS,  Longevity. 

MACROBIOTIC,  Mucrobiot'icus,  Longx'mts, 
from  /ctzoos,  'great,'  '  long,'  and  (iiog,  'life.' 
That  which  lives  a  long  time.  The  macrobiotic 
art  is  the  art,  of  living  a  long  time. 

MACROCEPH'ALUS.  from  (xaxooe,  'great,' 
'long,'  and  x.t(paX>i,  '  head  '  Qui  magnum habet 
caput,  'One  who  has  a  large  head.'  This  epi- 
thet is  given  to  children  born  with  heads  so 
large  that  they  seem  to  he  hydrocephalic;  but 
in  which  the  unusual  development  is  owino- 
10  a  large  size  of  the  brain.  Such  are  sup- 
posed to  be  more  than  ordinarily  liable  to  con- 
vulsions. (?)  The  term  has  also  been  applied 
by  Hippocrates  to  certain  Asiatics  who  had 
long  heads. 

MACROGLOS'SUS,  from  paxQog,  'large,' 
and  yXu«ioa,  'tongue.'  One  who  lias  a  very 
large  tongue.  The  condition  is  termed  macro- 
gtos'sia. 

MACRONOSLE,  Chronic  diseases. 

MACROPHYSOCEPH'ALUS,  from  M«xpc, 
'•on*,'  yvna.  'air,' and  ne<paitj, 'head.'  A  weird, 
i:sed  by  Ambrose  Pare  to  designate  an  augmen- 
tation of  the  head  of  the  foetus,  produced  by  a 
sort  of  emphysema,  which  retards  delivery. 

MACROPIPER,  Piper  longum. 

MACROPNCE'A,  from  fia^og,  'long.'  and 
,"i;f»,  'I  breathe.'     A  long  or  slow  respiration. 

MACROP'NUS,  Macmp'noos.     One  who 


breathes    slowly:  —  a   word  met  with  in  some 
authors. — Hippocrates. 

MACROR.  Emaciation. 

MACROS.  Long. 

MACROS'CELES,  Crura  longa  habens,-  from 
fji.iiy.gcg,  'long,'  and  antXog,  'the  leg.'  One  who 
has  long  legs. 

MACROS  1.33,  Chronic  diseases. 

MACROTRYS  RACEMOSA,  see  Actsca  ra- 
ce mos  a. 

MACULA.  A  spot.  Dyschra'a,  Cells,  (F.) 
Tache-  A  permanent  discoloration  of  some  por- 
tion of  the  skin,  often  with  a  change  of  its  tex- 
ture. Ephelis,  JVavus,  Spilus,  &c,  belong  to  the 
Macula?, 

Macula,  Molecule— m.  Cornene,  Caligo— m. 
Cornea?  arcuala,  Gerotoxon — in.  Germinativa, 
see  Molecule — m.  Hepatica,  Chloasma  materns, 
NfE>'us — m.  Lntea  retina?,  see  Foramen  centrale 
—  m.  Matricis,  Na?vus — m.  Solaris,  Ephelides. 

MACULOSUS,  Sabt'e. 

MADAR,  Mudar. 

MADARO'SIS,  from  ^aSog,  'bald.'  Mada- 
relma,  Made' sis,  Depluma'tio,  Milphae,  Milpho'- 
sis.  Ptilo'sis,  Cahi'ties,  (q-  v.)  Loss  of  the  hair, 
particularly  of  the  evelashes. 

MADDER,  DYERS',  Rubia. 

MADEIRA,  CLIMATE  OF.  This  island  is 
much  frequented  by  pulmonary  invalids,  on 
account  of  the  mildness  and  equability  of  its 
climate.  Owing,  indeed,  to  the  mildness  of  the 
winter,  and  the  coolness  of  the  summer,  toge- 
ther with  the  remarkable  equality  of  the  tem- 
perature during  day  and  night,  as  well  a? 
throughout  the  year,  it  ha3  been  considered, 
that  the  climate  of  Madeira  is  the  finest  in  the 
northern  hemisphere  Sir  James  Clark  is  of 
opinion  that  there  is  no  place  on  the  continent 
of  Europe,  with  which  he  is  acquainted,  where 
the  pulmonary  invalid  could  reside  with  so 
much  advantage,  during  the  whole  year,  as  in 
Madeira 

MADELEON,  Bdellium. 

MADESIS,  Depilation,  Madarosis. 

MAD1SIS,  Depilation. 

MADISTF/RIUM,  Madiste'rion,  Trichoid 
bium,  Volsel'la.  Tweezers.  An  instrument  for 
extracting  hairs. 

MADNESS,  CANINE,  Hydrophobia— m. 
Raving  or  furious  Mania. 

MADOR.  Moisture 

MADKEPORA  OCULATA,  see  Coral. 

MADWEED.  Scutellaria  lateriflora. 

MAE  A,  Midwife. 

MAEEIA,  Obstetrics. 

MAE1A.  Obstetrics. 

MA EUTRIA,  Midwife. 

MAGDA'LIA,  Mngda'hon,  MagdaRs,  from 
fxaydakia,  'a  cylinder.'  Any  medicine  rolled 
into  the  form  of  a  cylinder;  and  particularly  a 
plaster 

MAG  EI  RICE.  Culinary  art. 

MAGGOT  PIMPLE,  see  Acne. 

MAGIS,  u*Y'S<  'a  cake.'  A  sort  of  cake, 
composed  of  cloves,  garlic  and  cheese  beaten 
together — Hippocrates. 

MAGISTERIUM  SULPHURIS,  Sulphur  lo- 
tum — m.  Tartari  purgans,  Potassa?  acetas. 

MAG'MSTERY,  Magiste'rium,  from  magister, 
'a  master.'  Certain  precipitates  from  saline 
solutions  were  formerly  so  called;  as  well  as 
other  medicines,  the  preparation  of  which  was 
kept  secret. 


magistral 


461 


MAGNETIC 


MAGISTRAL,  Magisha'Us  Same  etymon. 
Exteaipora' neons.  Medicines  are  so  called  which 
are  prepared  extemporaneously.  Officinal  me- 
dicines are  such  as  have  been  prepared  for  some 
lime  before  they  are  prescribed. 

MAGISTRANT1A,  Imperatoria. 

MAGMA,  fX*y(Aa,  (R)  Mure.  The  thick  re- 
siduum, obtained  after  expressing  certain  sub- 
atances  to  extract  the  fluid  parts  from  them 
Also  the  grounds  which  remain  after  treating 
a  substance  with  water,  alcohol,  or  any  other 
menstruum. 

Magma  or  Marc  of  Olives  is  the  residuum 
after  the  greatest  possible  quantity  of  oil  has 
•been  extracted  from  olives  by  making  them 
ferment.  It  wts  formerly  e-mplcyed  as  a  stimu- 
lant, under  the  foim  of  a  bulk — to  winch  the 
Maine  Bain  de  Marc  was  given  by  the  French. 

Magma  or  Marc  of  Grapes,  Brylia,  was 
•once  employed  for  the  same  purposes. 

M AGNES,  Magnet. 

Magnes  Arsenica'lis,  (Sulphur,  t-Jtile  arse, 
nic,  and  common  antimony,  of  each  equal  parts. 
Mix  by  fusion.)  It  is  corrosive.  See  Magnetic 
plaster. 

Magne3  Epilepsia,  Hydrargyri  sulphuretum 
rubrum, 

MAGNE'SIA.  Abarnahas,  Ghambar,  from 
magnes,  'the  magnet;'  because  it  was  supposed 
to  have  the  power  of  attracting  substances  from 
the  air. 

Magnesia,  M.  usta,  M  calci-nu'ta,  Cal'cincd 
Magnesia.  Oxide  of  magnesium.  (F.)  Magnesie 
luulte,  Magnesie,  M.  Cuustique.  This  is  ob- 
tained by  exposing  carbonate  of  magnesia  to 
a  strong  heat  Jt.  is  inodorous;  taste  very 
slightly  bitler;  in  the  form  of  a  white,  light, 
spongy,  soft  powder.  S.  g  2.3;  requiring 
■20(111  limes  its  weight  of  water  for  its  solution. 
[t  is  antacid,  and  laxative  when  it  meets  with 
acid  in  the  stomach.  Dose,  gr.  x.tosy  in  water 
>r  on  Ik. 

Magnesia  Aerata,  Magnesias  earbonas — m. 
Alba,  M.  earbonas — in  Calcinala,  M.  usta — m. 
Edinburgensis,  Magnesia  caibonas. 

Magnesia  Effervescing,  Moxon's  (Magnes. 
earth;  M.  sulpha!.;  Sadce  btcartoru,  Acid  tartaric. 
aa  paries  asquales-,  to  be  pulverized,  well  dried, 
mixed  and  enclosed  in  bottles  hermetically 
sealed.) 

Magnesia,  Fluid.  Under  this  name  a  pre- 
paration is  designated,  which  consists  of  a  so- 
lution of  carbonate  of  magnesia  in  carbonated 
water.  It  is  also  termed  carbonated  magnesia 
craiir.  aerated  magnesia  water,  and  condensed  so- 
luti on  of  magnesia. 

Magnesia,  H  kniiv's,  Magnesias  earbonas — m 
Mitis  Magnesia)  earbonas — m.  Muriaie  of, Mag- 
nesii  cnioridum — m„  Nigra,  Manganese,  black 
oxide  of. 

Magnfsia  Opali'na.  A  name  given  by  Lo- 
mery  to  a  mixture  of  eqjial  parts  of  antimony, 
nitrate  of  potass,  and  muriate  of  soda,  (decre 
pitated.)  It  has  emetic  properties,  but  is  not 
used. 

Magnesia  Sams  Amari,  Magnesias  earbonas 
— m.  Saiis  Ebsdamensis,  Magnesias  caibonas — 
in.  Satnrni,  Amimonium—  in  Solution  of,  con- 
densed, M.  fluid  —  in.  Vitriolata,  Magnesi.ns  sul 
phns — in.  and  Soda,  sulphate  of,  see  Soda,  sul- 
phnte  of— in.  UstOj  M  ignesia 

Maok  ksi^  Ca  h' bun  as,  M.  Subeo/bonas, Mag- 
nesia. (Dublin,)  M.acra'tu.M.carl on' ica.il  alia, 


Subrnr'bonate  of  Magnesia,  Henry's  Mac 
M.  Subcarhon'ica,  M.  Mitis,  M.  Edinbvrtr, 
M.  Suits  Ebshamen'sis,  M.  Satis  ama'ri,  Car- 
bonus  magne'sicum,  Lac  tcrrse,  H ypocar' bonus 
mugne/sice,  Terra  amir  ra,  T.  ainara  aera'ta,  T. 
ahsor  bens  minera' lis.  T.  Tulco'sn  oxyanlhruco'dtt. 
(F.)  Sous-cafbonate  de  Magnesie,  Magnesie  aerie, 
M.  blanche,  M.  crayeuse,  M.  doure,  M  effervescentt, 
M.Moyenne-j  Poudre  de  Sentinelli,  P.de  Valentini, 
P.  du  Comle  de  Folate.  Prepared  from  sulphate 
of  magnesia  by  subcarbonate  of  potass.  It  is  in- 
odorous; insipid;  light;  white;  spongy ;  Opake; 
effervescing  with  acids;  insoluble  in  water. 
Properties  the  same  as  the  last;  but  the  car- 
bonic acid,  when  set  free,  sometimes  causes 
unpleasant  distention. 

Magnesia  Hypocaubonas,  M  earbonas — ra. 
Subcafbonas,M.  earbonas — m.Vitrioiicom, Mag- 
nesias sulphas. 

"  Magnesia  Sulphas.  Sulphas  Magnesia;  pu- 
riftcu'ia,  Magnesia  vitriol  a' la,  Sal ,  cathtn'ttcus 
amd'rus,  Sul  cathajticum  am  a  rum,  Sal  antu'rum, 
S,  Jlngticit' 'num.  Sulphate  of  Magnesia,  Sal  Epso- 
m  en' sis,  Sal  cathartic  us  AngVca'nus,  Sal  Sedli- 
c.tn'sis,  Sal.  Ebsdamen'se,  S  Srydschulzen'si, 
Terra  nma'ra  salpha'ricu,  Vitriotirum  Magne- 
sias, Epsom  Suit,  Bitler  pursing  Salt.  (F  )  Set 
admirable  de  L&mt.ry,  Stl  d'Eara.  Generally 
obtained  from  sea  water.  Its  taste  is  bitter  and 
disagreeable.  It  is  soluble  in  an  equal  quantity 
of  water  at  (5fl°.  Jt  is  purgative  and  diuretic. 
Dose,  as  a  cathartic,  ^ss  to  ^ij 

MAGNESIE  AEIiEE.  Magnesias  earbonas  — 
in.  Blanche,  Magnesias  earbonas — nu  Brulett, 
Magnesia  usta — m.  Caustiyue,  Magnesia  usta — 
m.  Crnije.use,  Magnesias  earbonas — m .  Dovcc, 
Magnesias  earbonas — m. Effervesr.ente,  Magnesias 
earbonas — m.  Moi/enne.  M  i oriesiae  earbonas. 

MAGNE'SII  CHLO'RIDUM,  Chjoride.  of 
Magnesium,  Maria te  of  Magnesia,  This  bitter 
deliquescent  salt  has  been  given  as  a  mild 
and  effective  cholagogue  cathartic,  in  the  dose 
of  half  an  ounce  to  the  adult.  Being  deli- 
quescent, it  may  be  kept  dissolved  in  its  weight 
of  water. 

MAGNESIUM,  CHLORIDK  OF,  Magnesii 
chloridum  —  in.  Oxide  of.  Magnesia  usta. 

MAGNET,  Ma g ties,  Lapis  herocldus,  L.  St/dt- 
ri'iis,  L.  ntfu'ticus,  Magnftis,  so  called  from 
Ma  ones,  its  discoverer,  or  from  Magnesia, 
whence  it  was  obtained.  (F.)  JHmani.  The 
magnet  or  loadstone.  An  amorphous,  nxyd-u- 
lated  ore  of  iron,  which  exerts  an  attraction  on 
unmagnetized  iron,  and  Ins  the  property  of  ex- 
hibiting poles;  that  is,  of  pointing  by  one  of  its 
extremities  to  ihe  north.  This  ore,  bv  constant 
or  long  rubbing  communicates  its  properties  to 
iron  ;  and  thus  artificial  magnets  are  formed. 
Magnetic  ore  is  found  in  many  countries,  and 
particularly  in  the  island  of  Elba  The  magnet 
is  sometimes  used  to  extraet  spicula  of  iron 
from  the  eye  or  from1  wounds.  It  has  been  em- 
ployed as  an  antispasmodic;  but  acts  only 
through  the  imagination.  The  powder  has 
been  iriven  as  a  tonic.  In  Pharmacy,  it  is  used 
to  purify  iron  filings.  It  attracts  the  iron,  and 
the  impurities  rem  in  behind.  It  formerly 
entered,  as  an  ingredient,  into  several  plasters, 
to  draw  bullets  and  heads  of  arrows  from  the 
body — a.s  the  Emplastrum  tlicinum  Nieolui,  the 
Emphistrum  nigrum  of  jugsburg,lhe  Opodeldoc  It, 
and  AUrai  lirain  of  Paracelsus,  &c. 

MAGNETIC,  Magnet'icus.     Same  etymon. 


MAGNETIC  FLUID 


4G2 


MALACOSTEON 


That  which  belongs  or  relates  to  magnetism; — 
mineral  or  animal. 

Magnetic  Fluid.  A  name  given  to  the  im- 
ponderable fluid  to  which  the  magnet  owes  its 
virtues.  By  analogy  it  is  applied  to  a  particu- 
lar principle,  supposed  to  be  the  source  of  or- 
ganic actions:  which  affects,  it  is  conceived, 
the  nervous  system  principally,  and  is  suscepti- 
ble of  being  transmitted  from  one  living  body 
to  another,  by  contact  or  simple  approximation, 
and  especially  under  the  influence  of  fixed  vo- 
lition.    See  Magnetism,  Animal. 

Magnetic  Plaster.  A  plaster,  at  present, 
not  used.  It  had  for  its  base  a  mixture,  called 
Ma  ants  nrseiii calis ;  formed  of  equal  parts  of 
antimony,  sulphur  and  arsenic  melted  together 
in  a  glass  cucurbit.  The  name  Magnetic  Plas- 
ter was,  likewise,  given  to  such  as  contained 
powdered  magnet. 

MAGNET1NUS,  Potassae  supertarlras  im- 
purus 

MAGNETISM,  ANIMA  L,Mcs'merism,Neu 
roga'mia,  Bioga'  mia,  Biomagne.tis'mus,  Zoomag- 
neti&'mus.  Exon'eurism,  (proposed  by  Mr.  H. 
Mayo,)  Telluris'mus.  Properties  attributed  to 
the  influence  of  a  particular  principle,  which 
has  been  compared  to  that  which  characterizes 
the  magnet.  It  is  supposed  to  be  transmitted 
from  one  person  to  another,  and  to  impress  pe- 
culiar modifications  on  organic  action,  espe- 
cially on  that  of  the  nerves.  The  discussions, 
to  which  this  strange  belief  has  given  rise,  are 
by  no  means  terminated.  There  is  no  evidence 
whatever  of  the  existence  of  such  a  fluid. 
Highly  impressible  persons  can  be  thrown  into 
a  kind  of  hysteric  sleep  and  somnambulism,  but 
farther  than  this,  the  efforts  of  the  magnetizer 
cannot  reach.  It  is  a  mode  of  action  upon  the 
nerves  thiough  the  medium  of  the  senses. 

MAGNITMS.  Magnet. 

MAGNOO,  Jatropha  manihot. 

MAGNO'LIA  GLAUCA,  Small  Magnolia, 
Magnolia.  Swamp,  Sets' s/ifrass,  Elk  Bark.  Indian 
Bark,  White  Laurel,  Sweet  Bay.  Biacer  Wood, 
White,  Buy,  Cinchona  of  Virginia.  Cantor  Buy, 
Sweet  magnolia.  The  bark  is  possessed  of  tonic 
properties,  resembling  those  of  cascarilla,  ca- 
fiella,  &c.  The  same  may  be  said  of  the  Mag- 
nolia tripet'ala  or  Umbrella  tree,-  the  M.  acumi- 
tia'ta  or  Cu'cumbcr  tree,  the  M.  grand/flora  and 
M.  ma  trophy  I  la,  Laurel,  Elk  wood,  Silverleaf, 
Rig  leaf,  White  bag,  Bearer  Tree,  Elk  bark,  Big 
bloom. 

MAGNUM  DEI  DONUM,  Cinchona. 

Magnum  Os.  The  third  bone  of  the  lower 
row  of  the  carpus;  reckoning  from  the  thumb. 
It  is  the  largest  bone  of  the  carpus;  and  is,  also, 
called  Os  capita' turn.     (F.)  Grand  Os. 

MAGRUMS.  A  popular  name  in  the  state 
of  New  York  for  a  singular  convulsive  affec- 
tion, which  resembles  choiea.  It  rarely,  how- 
ever, occurs  before  the  adul  age;  never  ceases 
spontaneously,  and  when  fully  developed,  is 
devoid  of  any  paroxysmal  character. 

MAHMOUDY.  Convolvulus  scammonia. 

MAHQGAN  FlBRIFUGE,  Swietenia  febri 
fuga. 

MAHOGANY,  Gynocladus  Canadensis — m. 
Mountain,  JJetula  lenta — m.  Tree,  Swietenia 
nuahogani. 

MAIANTHEMUM,  Convallaria  maialis. 

MAIDENHAIR,  Adianturn  capillus  veneris 
— in.  American,  Adianturn  pedutum  —  m.  Ca- 


nada, Adiantum  pedatum  —  m.  Common,  As- 
plenium  trichr  manoides — m.  Golden,  Polytrt- 
chum — m.  White,  Asplenium  ruta  muraria. 

M  A IEIA,  Obstetrics. 

MAIGREUR,  Emaciation. 

MAILLET,  Mallet. 

MAILLOT,  Swathing  clothes. 

MAIN,  Man  us. 

MA  IS.  Zea  mays. 

MAJORANA,  Origanum  majorana — m.  Sy 
riaca,  Tencrium  marum. 

MJ1L  D' AMOUR,  Odontalgia— m.  des  J)r- 
dens,  see  Ardent — m.  d'/Jventure,  Paronychia  — 
m.  di  Breno.  Seherlievo — m.  Caduc,  Epilepsy. 

MAL  DECRIMKE,  (F.)  Lepredes  Cossaguet, 
Lepra  Tuu'rica.  A  variety  of  lepra  in  the 
Crimea. 

M.1L  DE  DENT,OdonU]g\a—m.d'Estomac, 

Chthonophagia — m.  Divin.  Epilepsy — m.  il' En- 
fant, Pains  (Labour) — m.  di  Fiume,  Seherlievo 
— m. Francois,  Syphilis  —  m.dc'Gorue, Cynanche 
m.  //«7//,Epilepsy — m.de Machoir'e, Trismus — m. 
de  Mcr,  Nausea  marina — m.  de  Mire,  Hysteria 
— m.  de  Misere,  Pellagra — m.  de  Naples,  Syphilis 
—  m.  Pitit,  Epilepsy  —  in.  Ronrrc  de  Cayenne, 
Elephantiasis  of  Cayenne — m.  Saint  Anioine, 
Erysipelas  —  m.  Saint  Jain.  Epilepsy  —  m.  St. 
Main,  Lepra, Psora — m.  di  Seherlievo,  Seher- 
lievo—  m.  de  S'am,  Fever,  yellow. 

MJ1L  DE  SAJY  LAZARO,  Cocobay.  A  leprous 
disease  common  in  Columbia,  S  America, and 
said  to  be  cured  hy  the  Cuichunchulli. 

MAL  DEL  SOLE,  Pellagra— m.  de  Sohgne, 
Ergotism— m.  dc  Terre,  Epilepsy — m.  a  Tele, 
Cephalalgia — m.  Va<,  see  Anthrax. 

MALA,  Gena — in.  Aurea,  see  Citrus  auran- 
tium. 

MALABATH'RINUM.  Ancient  name  of  an 
ointment  and  a  wine,  into  which  the  malabu- 
thrum  entered. 

MALABATHRUM,  Cadeji-Indu  The  leaves 
of  a  tree  of  the  East  Indies.  'I  hese  leaves  en- 
tered into  the  theriac.  mithridate,  and  other 
ancient  electuaries.  They  are  believed  to  be 
from  a  species  of  laurel — the  Laurus  < 
but.  according  to  others,  from  the  Lauras  Ma- 
laba  thrum.  The  O'leum  Malabuthri  is  obtained 
from  it. 

MALACCA  RADIX,  Sagittarium  alexi-' 
pharmacum. 

MALA'CIA.  from  uaXaxia,  'softness.'  A 
deprivation  ot  taste,  in  which  an  almost  uni- 
versal loathing  is  combined  with  an  exclusive 
longing  for  some  particular  article  of  food.  If 
(lie  patient  desires  substances  that  are  not  eata- 
ble or  noxious,  it  constitutes  Pica,  Pisso'sis, 
Piito'.sis,  Heterorcx'ia,  Cissa,  CiUo'sis+Depra'ved 
ap'petite.,  Cilia,  Li.mo'sis  Pica,  jiUolriopha'gia, 
PeUa'cia,  Picucis'mus,  Pica'tio  (F )  Envie. 
These  symptoms  accompany  several  nervous 
affections. — those  of  females  in  particular.  In 
pregnancy  it  is  common,  and  is  termed  Longing. 

Malacia  Aktucanohum.  Chthonophagia. 

MALACISMUS.  Mollifies. 

MALACORIUM.  see  Punica  granatum. 

MALACOSAR'COS,  from  fAuX-ixoc,  'soft,' 
and  «rag!,  'flesh.'  One  of  a  soft  constitution: 
hab'ilu  r.or'poris  molSo'ri  prscd'itus  — Galen. 

MALACOSIS  CEREBRI,  Molhties  cerebri 
— m.  Cordis,  Cordiomalacia — m  Hepatis,  lle- 
patomalacia  —  m.  Uteri.  H  vsleromalaeia. 

MALACOSTEON,  Moililies  ossium. 


MALACTICA 


463 


MALLEUS,  &c. 


MALACTICA,  Emollients. 
MALACTICUM,  Relaxant 
MA  LADE,  Sick. 

MALADIE,  Disease — m.Anglaisc,  Hypochon- 
driasis— m.  Bieue,  Cyanopathy — m.  de  Bright, 
Kidney,  Bright's  disease  of  the — m.  de  Cruveil- 
heir,  see  Brash,  weaning — m.  Glandulaire,  Ele- 
phantiasis Aiabica — m.  Imuginaire,  Hypochon- 
driasis— m.  Imaginaire,  Hysteria. 

MALADIE  DES  MINEURS.  Anaemia  oc- 
curring  in  the  workers  in  mines. 

MALADIE  jVOIRE.  Melama— m.  du  Pays, 
Nostalgia — m.  Prdiculuire,  Ph'heiriasis—  m.  de 
Pott,  Vertebral  disease — m.  V6nerienne,  Syphi- 
lis— in.  de  Vmus,  Syphilis — m.  dc  WerUiof,  Pur- 
pura hemorrhagica. 

MALADIES  AC QUISES,  Acquired  diseases 
—  m.  Annueltes,  Annual  diseases — m.  C/iro- 
niqves,  Chronic  diseases— m.  Cornices,  Connate 
diseases — rn.  Dissimulees,  Feigned  diseases — m. 
Extcrncs,  External  diseases — m.Ftintes,  Feigned 
diseases — m.  lances,  Innate  diseases — m.  Legi- 
times, see  Legitimate — m.  Nerveuses,  Nervous 
diseases — m.  Simulees,  Feigned  diseases — m. 
Supposces,  Feigned  diseases — m.  Veuleuses, 
Pneumatosis. 

MALAD1F.  Sickly. 

M  ALA  DR  ERIE,  Ladrerie. 

MALADY.  bUNGLlSH,  Hypochondriasis. 

MALjE,  OS,  from  malum,  '  an  apple;'  so 
called  from  its  roundness.  Os  J u guile,  Os  Ju~ 
game.  11  turn,  Os  Genie,  Zijgo'ma,  Os  Zygomat'- 
icum,  (F.)  Os  Mnlaire,  Os  Zygomatique,  Os  de 
In  pommclte.  The  check  or  malar  bone.  This 
bone  is  situate  at  the  lateral  and  superior  part 
of  the  face;  and  constitutes  the  zygomatic  re- 
gion of  the  cheek.  It  is  irregularly  quadri- 
lateral. Its  aulir  surface  is  convex,  covered  by 
muscles  and  skin,  and  pierced  with  canals, 
called  malar,  through  which  vessels  and  nerves 
pass.  Its  upper  surface  is  concave,  and  forms 
part  of  the  orbit.  Its  posterior  surface  is  con- 
cave, and  enters  into  the  composition  of  the 
temporal  fossa.  This  bone  is  thick  and  cellu- 
lar. It  is  articulated  with  the  frontal,  temporal, 
sphenoid,  and  superior  maxillary  bones,  and  is 
developed  by  a  single  point  of  ossification. 

The  part  of  the  face  rendered  prominent  by 
this  bone,  the  French  call  Pommclte,. 

MALAG'MA,  from  paiaiaato,  '  I  soften.'  An 
emollient  cataplasm,  and,  in  general,  every  lo- 
cal application  which  enjoys  the  property  of 
boftening  organic  tissues. 

MALAISE.  Indisposition. 

MALAMliO  HARK,  Maliaa. 

MALANDRIA.  A  species  of  lepra  or  ele- 
phantiasis.—  Marcel  I  us   Empiricus 

MALANDRIO'SUS,  Leprous.  Affected  with 
a  species  of  lepra. 

MALAR  I'ROCESS,  Zygomatic  process. 

MALARIA.  Miasm. 

MA  LA'RIOUS,  MuWriaL  Owing  to,  or  con- 
nected with  Malaria, — as  a  malarious  soil,  via- 
lurinns  disease.  &c. 

TO  MAL'AXATE,  Molli'rS,  Subig"erS,  Mai- 
acissu're.  (F.)  Ma/axer,  from  ftulasro;  '  I  soften.' 
To  produce  the  softening  of  di  ugs,  by  kneading 
them. 

MALAXIA  VENTRlCULl.finstromalaxia. 

MALAZISSA'TUS.  One  in  whom  the  tes- 
ticles have  riot  descended.  It  has,  also,  been 
used  synonymously  with  tmascula'lus.  and  mu- 
Leru'tus  — Castelli. 


MALE,  Mas'culus.  Of  the  sex  that  begefj 
yonncr.  Not  female.  What  belongs  to  the 
male  sex  ;  as  the  male  organs  of  generation. 

Male,  Axilla. 

Mai.k  OitfiAN',  Penis. 

MALIASMOS,  Malis. 

MALICHORIUM,  see  Punica  granatum. 

MALICORIpM,  see  Punica  granatum. 

MALIG'NANT,  Malig'nus,  (F.)  Malin.  A 
term  applied  to  any  disease  whose  symptoms 
are  so  aggravated  as  to  threaten  the  destruction 
of  the  patient.  A  disease  of  a  very  serious  cha- 
racter, although  it  may  be  mild  in  appearance  ; 
— .Morbus  malignxis. 

MALLV,  Malignant. 

MALINCEKER.  A  simulator  of  disease, 
so  termed  in  the  British  military  service. 

MALIS,  Media s'mos,  Coc'yla,' Cuto'neous eer- 
mina'tion.  The  cuticle  or  skin  infested  with 
animalcules. — Plilliiri'asis,  Parasitis'mus  super- 
ficiei.  In  Persia,  this  affection  is  produced  by 
the  Guinea  Worm;  in  South  America,  by  the 
Chigre ;  and  in  Europe,  occasionally  by  the 
Louse.     See  Phtheiriasis. 

Mai.is  Dracijncui.us,  Dracunculus — m.  Gor- 
dii,  Dracunculus — m.Pediculi,  Phtheiriasis. 

MALLE'OLAR,  Malleola'ris,  from  malleolus, 
'the  ankle.'    Belonging  or  relating  to  the  ankles. 

Malleolar  Arteries  aie  two  branches  fur- 
nished by  the  anterior  tibial  about  the  instep; 
the  one — the  internal — passes  transversely  be- 
hind the  tendon  of  the  tibialis  antiens  to  be  dis- 
tributed in  the  vicinity  of  the  malleolus  inier- 
nus: — the  other — the  external—  glides  behind 
the  tendons  of  the  extensor  communis  digitarvm 
pedis  and  the  peroneus  brevis,  and  sends  its 
branches  to  the  parts  which  surround  the  outer 
ankle,  as  well  as  to  the  outer  region  of  the  tarsus. 
MALLE'OLUS.  Diminutive  of  malleus,  'a 
mallet,  (q.  v  )  or  hammer:'  Ruscela,  Rnsleta, 
Sphyra.  Talus,  Diub'ebos,  Tale'olus;  the  Ankle. 
(F.j  Mulliale,  Cheville  du  Pied  The  two  pro- 
jections formed  by  the  bones  of  the  leg  at  their 
inferior  pa r L.  The  inner  belongs  to  the  tibia; 
the  outer  to  the  fibula.  The  ankles  afford  at- 
tachment to  ligaments,  and  each  has  a  sort  of 
gutter,  in  which  certain  tendons  slide.  See 
Malleus. 

MALLET,  Malleolus,  (F.)  Maillet.  A  kind  of 
hammer,  used  with  a  gouge,  for  removing  or 
cutting  bones,  in  certain  surgical  and  anatomi- 
cal operations 

MAL'LEUS,  Malleolus,  Ossiculum  Mulkolo- 
assi mil u' turn.  (F.)  Marleau.  The  longest  and, 
outermost  of  the  four  small  bones  of  the  ear. 
It  is  situate  at  the  outer  part  of  the  tympanum, 
and  is  united  to  the  tnembrana  tympani.  It 
has,  I.  An  ovoid  head,  which  is  articulated,  be- 
hind, with  the  incus,  and  is  supported  by  a  nar- 
row part  called  the  neck:  this  has,  anteriorly,  a 
long  apophysis,  which  is  engaged  in  the  glenoid 
fissure,  and  is  called  the  Apophysis  of  Rau, and 
Prvrcs'sus  gracf'ilis.  It  affords  attachment  to 
the  anterior  mallei  muscle.  2.  A  handle,  which 
forms  an  obtuse  angle  with  the  neck,  and  cor- 
responds to  the  membrane  of  the  tympanum, 
which  it  seems  to  draw  inwards.  Itis  furnished 
at  its  upper  extremity,  with  a  process — thej»ro- 
cessus  In  en's,  to  which  the  intertills  mallei  is  at- 
tached. This  bone  is  developed  by  a  single 
point  of  ossification. 

Malleus,  slender  Puccess  of  the,  dele 
atophysc  du  marleau. 


MALLOW,  COMMON 


404 


MAMMARY  ARTERIES 


MALLOW,  COMMON,  Malva  —  m.  Com- 
pound decoction  of,  Decoctum  malvae  composi- 
tuin— m.  Yellow,  Abutilon  cordalum. 

MALO  Or  SCARLIEVO,  Scberlievo. 

MALOGRANATUM,  Punica  granatnm. 

MALPiGHl,  ACINI  OF,  Corpora  Malpig- 
hiann. 

MALPIG'HIA  MOUREL'LA, (F.) MourtMcr, 
Simaroubu  faux.  The  bark  of  this  shrub  —  a 
native  of  Cayenne — is  reputed  to  be  febrifuge, 
and  useful  in  diarrhoea. 

MALP1GHIAN  BODIES,  Corpora  Malpig- 
hiana. 

MALT,  Sax.  mealt,  Dutch  m  o  u  t,  Teut. 
malt;  from  uai-urria,  '  1  soften,'  Bynt,  Mat  turn, 
Bra'sittm,  (F.)  Dreclie.  Barley  made  to  germi- 
nate, for  the  purpose  of  forming  beer.  It  has 
been  recommended  in  medicine,  as  antiscor- 
butic, antiscrofulous,  <fcc. 

Mali  Spirit.  A  spirit  distilled  from  malt. 
It  is  the  basis  of  most  of  the  spirituous  eordiftls, 

MALTA,  CLIMATE  OF.  The  climate  of 
Malta  is  pretty  equable,  the  range  of  tempera- 
ture in  the  twenty-four  boors,  being  rarely 
more  than  G°.  The  air  is  almost  aiways  dry 
and  clear.  The  most  disagreeable  wind  is  the 
sirocco,  which  is  the  source  of  more  or  less 
suffering  to  the  pulmonary  invalid.  The  winter 
climate  is  favourable.  Dr  Liddell  thinks  that 
no  place  he  has  seen  in  the  south  of  Europe 
can  compete  with  Malta,  for  a  mild, dry, bracing 
air  in  November,  December,  and  part  of  Janu- 
ary; and  during  the  other  winter  and  spring 
month:.-,  he  thinks  it.  is  equal  to  any  of  them. 

MALTHA.  Multhe.  from  paActTto),  'I  soften,' 
Wax.  particularly  a  soft  wax. 

MALTHACTICA.  Emollients. 

MALUM  CADUCUM  PULMONUM, Asth- 
ma—  m.  Cauum,  see  Pyrus  eydor+ia — m.Coense, 
Averrhoa  carambola — in.  Cotoneuin,  see  Pyrus 
cydonia  —  rn  Hy pocbondnacum,  Hypoohondri 
asis — m,  Hystericum,  Hysteria — m  Insanuin, 
see  Solarium  inelongena — in.  [sehiadicum,  Neu- 
ralgia femoro-pophtaj.i — in.  Lazari,  Elephan- 
tiasis. 

Malum  Monruun.  A  species  of  lepra,  in 
which  the  affected  portions  of  skin  seem  to  be 
struck  with  death. 

Mai.im  Pu.aiif.,  Trichosis—  n>.  Po-ttii,  Verte- 
bral disease — m    Venereum.  Syphilis. 

MALUS  AURANT1A  MAJOR,  Citrus  au- 
rantium 

Mai.us  I.n'dica,  Bihimbi  biting-bing  of  Bon  tins. 
The  juice  of  this  East  India  tree  is  cooling, 
and  is  drunk  as  a  csue  for  fevers.  The  leaves, 
boiled  and  made  into  a  cataplasm  with  rice,  are 
famed  in  all  sorts  of  tumours.  The  juice,  mixed 
with  arrack,  is  drunk  for  the  cure  of  diarrhoea 
The  lipe  fruit  is  eaten  as  a  delicacy:  and  the 
unripe  is  made  into  a  piskle  lor  (he  use  of  the 
table. 

Mai.cs  Limonu  Acida,  see  Citrus  medira — 
m.  Medica,  see  Citrus  medica. 

MALVA,  Mafaa  syfve/tris,  M.vulga'ris,  Com- 
mon Mallow,  (F.)  Moure,  saurage.  The  leaves 
and  flowers  are  chiefly  us-ed  in  fomentations, 
cataplasms,  and  emollient  enemata.  Its  pro- 
perties are  demulcent. 

Malva  rolundifo'la  has  like  virtues;  as  well 
as  the  other  varieties 

MALVA  VISCUM.  Alihspa. 

MALVERN,  WATERS  OF.  The  village  of 
Great   Malvern,   in  Worcestershire,    England, 


has  for  many  years  been  celebrated  for  a  sp>*1ng 
of  remarkable  parity,  which  has  (required  the 
name  of  the  Holy-well.  It  is  a  carbonated  wa- 
ter; containing  carbonates  of  soda  and  iron, 
sulphate  of  soda,  and  chloride  of  sodium,  and 
is  chiefly  used  ezternaUy,  in  cutaneous  affec- 
tions. 

MAMA-PIAN.  An  ulcer  of  a  bad  aspect, 
which  is  the  commencement  of  the  pian;  and 
which,  after  having  destroyed  the  Besh,  extends 
to  the  bones.  It  is  also  called  the  Mother  of 
Finns; — Le  mere  el.es piuns* 

MAMEI,  Mamoc,  Momin  or  Toddy  Tree.  From 
incisions  made  ir>  the  branches  of  this  West  In- 
dian tree,  a  copious  discharge  of  pellucid  liquoT 
occurs,  which  is  called  momin  or  toddy  wine. 
It  is  very  diuretic,  and  is  esteemed  to  be  a  good 
anlilrtbic  and  lithontriptic, 

MAMELLE,  Mamma, 

MAMELOJY,  Nipple. 

MA  MEL  OJYA'li  .  M  a  m  mil  f  steel. 

MAMELOJVS  DU  RELY,  Papilla  of  the  kid- 
ney, 

MAMMA,  from  rrrama,  one  of  the  earliest 
cries  of  the  infant,  ascribed  to  a  desire  for  lood. 
Masthos,  Maios,  Thill.  Titt.hos,  Ruina.  The  fe- 
male breast,  {Mammilla  being  the  male  breast,) 
(F.)  Momelle.  A  glandular  oroan.  proper  to  a 
class  of  animals — the  mammal  a— and  intended 
for  the  secretion  of  milk.  The  iMimna  exist 
in  both  sexes,  but  they  acquire  a  much  greater 
siie  in  the  female;  especially  during  pregnancy 
and  lactation  In  women,  before  the  age  of 
puberty,  the  breasts  are  but  little  developed. 
At  this  period,  however,  towards  the  central 
part  of  each  breast,  the  skin  suddenly  change* 
colour,  and  assumes  a  rosy  tint  in  young  fe- 
males. It  is  of  a  reddish  brown  in  women  who 
have  suckled  several  children.  This  circle  has 
a  rugous  appearance,  owing  to  the  presence  of 
sebaceous  giands,  and  is  called  Areola  or  Aure- 
ola. These  glands  furnish  an  unctuous  fluid 
for  defending  the  nipple  from  the  action  of  lbs 
saliva  of  the  socking  infant.  In  the  midst  of 
the  aureola  is  the  nipple,  a  conoida!  eminence, 
of  a  rosy  tint,  susceptible  of  erection,  and  at 
the  surface  of  which  the  galact<>pborons  ducts 
open.  Besides  the  skin  covering  them,  the 
breasts  are.  also,  composed  of  a  layer  of  fatty 
cellular  tissue,  more  or  less  thick;  of  a  large 
gland;,  excretory  ducts;  vessels,  nerves,  &c. 
See  Mammary. 

The  breasts  are  called  tbe  bosom,  (F.)  Sein. 

MAM'MARY.  Mamma'rivs,  from  wnmma, 
'the  breast.'      Relating  to  tbe  breasts. 

Mammary  Absckss,  Mastodynia  apostenaa- 
tosa. 

Mammary  Artvjijrs  are  three  in  number. 
They  are  distinguished  into—!  The  li>t>rn<ii 
Mammary,  Arte' via  stmta'lis,  A.  Sous  sternal 
(L'h..)  Internal  thorac"ie.  It  arises  from  the  sub- 
clavian and  descends  obliquely  inwards,  Iron) 
its  origin  to  the  cartilage  of  the  third  rib  Be- 
low the  diaphragm  it  divides  into  two  branches; 
the  one  external,  the  other  internal.  From  its 
origin  until  its  bifurcation,  it  gives  branches  to 
the  muscles  and  glands  of  the  neck,  to  the  thy  - 
mus,  mediastinum,  pericardium,  and  oesopha- 
gus. In  each  intercostal  space,  it  gives  off  in- 
ternal and  external  musculo- cvtaneau*  branches, 
and  also,  on  each  side,  the  su/ieriur  diaphragma- 
tic. Its  two  ultimate  branches  are  distributed 
on  the  parules  of  the  abdomen,  and  anastomose 


MAMMARY  GLAND 


465  MANGANESE,  SULPHATE  OE 


With  the  external  mammary,  intercostal,  lum- 
bar, eireuinflexa  ilii,  and  epigastric  arteries 
2.  The  External  Mammary  Arteries  are  two  in 
number,  and  are  distinguished  into  superior 
and  inferior.  The  superior  external  mammary. 
First  of  the  thoracic*  (Ch.,)  Superior  external 
thoracic,  Superior  thoracic,  is  furnished  by  the 
axillary  artery.  It  descends  obliquely  forwards 
between  the  pectoralis  major  and  peotoralis  mi- 
nor, to  which  it  is  distributed  bv  a  considerable 
number  of  branches.  The  inferior  external  mam- 
mary, the  second  of  the  thoracics  (Ch.,)  Long  or 
inferior  thoracic,  arises  from  the  axillary  artery, 
a  little  below  the  preceding.  It  descends  verti- 
cally over  the  lateral  part  of  the  thorax  ;  curves, 
afterwards,  inwards;  becomes  subcutaneous  and 
divides  into  a  number  of  branches,  which  sur- 
round the  breast.  It  gives  branches  to  the  pec- 
toralis major,  serratus  major  anlicus,  the  inter- 
costal muscles,  the  n  binds  of  the  axilla  and  the 
integuments  of  the  breast. 

Mammary  Gland  is  the  secretory  organ  of 
the  milk.  It  is  situate  in  the  substance  of  the 
breast,  to  which  it  gives  shape  and  size  The 
tissue  of  this  gland  results  from  t he  assemblage 
of  lobes  of  different  size,  united  intimately  by 
a  dense  cellular  tissue.  Each  of  them  is  com- 
posed of  several  lobules,  formed  of  round  gra- 
nulations, of  a  rosy  white  colour,  and  of  the 
size  of  a  poppy  seed.  The  glandular  grams 
give  rise  to  the  radicles  of  the  excretory  canals 
of  the  mamma,  which  are  called  gnlactophoruus 
or  lactiferous.  These  excretory  vessels  unite  in 
ramusculi,  rami,  and  in  trunks  of  greater  or 
less  size;  collect  towards  the  centre  of  the 
gland;  are  tortuous,  very  extensible,  and  semi- 
transparent.  All  terminate  in  sinuses,  situate 
near  the  base  of  the  nipple,  which  are  com- 
monly from  15  to  18  in  number.  These  sinuses 
are  very  short,  conical,  and  united  by  cellular 
tissue  From  their  summits,  a  fasciculus  of 
new  ducts  sets  out,  which  occupy  the  centre  of 
the  nipple  and  open  separately  at  its  surface 
The  arteries  of  the  mammary  gland  come  from 
the  thoracic,  axillary,  intercostal,  and  internal 
mammary.  The  veins  accompany  the  arteries; 
the  nerves  are  furnished  by  the  intercostals,  and 
brachial  plexus;  the  lymphatic  vessels  are  very 
numerous, and  form  two  layers.  They  commu- 
nicate with  those  of  the  thorax,  and  pass  into 
the  axillary  ganglions. 

Mam'mary  Sarco'ma,  Mastoid  sarcoma  of 
Aberncthy,  Einphij' ma  sarcoma  momma' rum . 
Tumour,  of  the  colour  and  texture  of  the  mam- 
mary gland;  dense  and  whitish;  sometimes 
softer  and  brownish;  often  producing,  on  ex- 
tirpation, a  malignant  ulcer  with  indurated 
edges.  Found  in  various  parts  of  the  body  and 
limbs. 

Mammary  Veins  follow  the  same  course  as 
the  arteries,  and  have  received  the  same  deno- 
mination. The  internal  mammary  vein,  of  the 
right  side,  opens  into  the  superior  cava;  that  of 
the  left,  into  the  corresponding  subclavian  vein. 
The  external  mammary  veins  open  into  the  ax- 
illary vein 

MAMME'A  AMERICA'NA.  The  systematic 
name  of  the  tree  on  which  the  inanimee  fruit 
grows.  This  fruit  has  a  delightful  Savoui  when 
ripe;  and  is  much  cultivated  in  Jamaica, where 
it  is  generally  sold  in  the  markets  as  one  of  the 
best   fruits  of  the  island. 

MAMMELLA,  Nipple. 


MAMMIFORM  IS.  Mastoid. 

MAMMILLA.  Mamma  (male  )     Nipple. 

M  \MM1LLARIS,  Mastoid 

MAM'MILLARY,  Mammilla' ris,  from  Mam- 
milla, 'a  small  breast,  a  nipple.' 

Aff ammillary  Em'inence  is  a  name  given,  1. 
To  more  or  less  marked  prominences  on  the  in- 
ner sin  face  of  the  bones  of  the  cranium,  which 
correspond  to  the  anfractuosities  of  the  cra- 
nium. 2.  To  while,  round,  medullary  tuber- 
cles, of  the  size  of  a  pea,  situate  at  the  base  of 
the  brain,  behind  the  gray  substance  from  which 
the  Tige  pituitaire,  of  the  French  anatomists, 
arises.  These  Manuni/laru  Tubercles,  Bulbes  de 
la  route  a  trots  piliers,  Car'  par  a  albican' tia,  C. 
C  audi  can' tia,  Willis's  Glands.  Tubercles  pisi- 
fumes,  (Ch.)  Eminen'tia  candican'tes,  Prio'rum 
crurum  for'nicis  bulbi,  are  united  to  each  other 
by  a  small  grayish  baud,  which  corresponds 
vvith  the  third  ventricle  They  receive  the 
anterior  prolongations  of  the  fornix.  Some 
ancient  anatomists,  taking  the  nervous  trunks, 
to  which  Willis  first  gave  the  name  olfactory 
nerves,  for  simple  appendages  of  the  brain, 
called  them,  on  account  of  their  shape,  Carun'- 
culse  mammilla' res.  Vesalius,  Fallopius.  Colum- 
bus, and  several  others,  termed  them  Pwces'sus 
ma  man  tin' res  cc.r'ehri  ad  nares. 

AIAM'MILLATED,  (F  )  Mamelonne,  from 
mamma,  'the  female  breast.'  That  which  has 
mammiform  projections  on  its  surface. 

Mammii.lated  Liver,  Cirronosis. 

MAM  OK,  Mamei. 

MAN-IN-THE-GROUND,  Convolvulus  pan- 
dura  I  us. 

MJNCHE  DH1PP0CRATE,  Chausse. 

MANCURANA,  Origanum. 

MANDIBULA,  Maxillary  bone. 

MANDRAGORA,  Atropa  mandrio-ora. 

MANDRAGOWTES,  from  uavdoayoQa,  the 
At'ropa  aiundrag'ora  or  mandrake.  Wine  in 
which  the  roots  of  mandrake  have  been  in- 
fused. 

MANDRAKE,  Atropa  mandragora,  Podo- 
phyllum pelt  atom.  P.  montanum. 

MANDUCATIO.  Mastication. 

MANDUCATORY  NERVE,  see  Trirremini. 

MANGANESE,  BLACK  OXIDE  OF,  Te- 
trax'ide.  of  manganese,  Magae'sia  nigra.  Manga- 
ne'siuai  rilrurio' rum,  M.  oryda'tum  nuli'vum  seu 
nigrum,  Munganefsium  ochra'ceum  nigrum,  M. 
ojydu'tttm  nati'vum,  Man'ga.nvm  oxytla'tum  na- 
lirum.  Mil ijlidir' nuui  magin'sii,  Oio'des  mun'- 
gnni  nati'ru.  Pernx' ijdniu  mangant/sii  nigrum 
nati' rum.  Superoxfydum  mangan'icum.  This 
oxide  is  not  much  used  in  medicine  It  has 
been  advised  to  dust  the  affected  parts,  in  tinea 
capitis,  vvith  the  powder, 

Man'ganese.  Sulphate  of.  Mangane'sii  Sul- 
phas, M.  Proto.jc'itli  Sulphas,  Sulphate  of  Protox- 
ide of  Man'ganese,  A  ro3e-coloured  and  very 
soluble  salt,  isomorphous  with  sulphate  of  mag- 
nesia. It  is  preparerl  on  a  large  scale  for  the 
use  of  the  dyer  by  heating,  in  a  close  vessel, 
peroxide  of  manganese  and  coal,  and  dissolving 
the  impure  protoxide  thus  obtained  in  sulphuric 
acid,  with  the  addition  of  a  little  chlomhydric 
acid  towards  the  end  of  the  process.  The  solu- 
tion is  evaporated  to  dryness,  and  again  exposed 
to  a  red  heat,  by  which  the  persulphate  nf  iron 
is  decomposed.  Water  then  dissolves  the  pure 
sulphite  of  manganese,  leaving  the  oxide  of 
iron  behind. 


MANGANESE,  TETR0X1DE  OF         4G6 


MARANTA  GALANGA 


This  salt  has  been  recently  recommended  by 
Mr.  A.  Ure.  ns  a  cholugogue  in  doses  of  a 
drachm  or  two. 

Manganese,  Tkthoxidk  ok,  M.  black  oxide  of. 

MANGANEslI    PEKOXYDUM   NIGRUM 

NATIVUM.    Manganese,   black   oxide  of  —  in 

Proloxidi  sulphas,  Manganese,  sulphate  of — m. 

Sulphas,  Manganese,  sulphate  of. 

MANGANESIUM  OCHRACEUM  NI- 
GRUM, Manganese,  black  oxide  of — m.  Oxy- 
datnm  nativum  sen  nigrum,  Manganese,  black 
oxide  of — rn.  Vitrariorum,  Manganese,  black 
oxide  of. 

MANGAN!  OXODES  NATIVA,  Manga- 
nese, black  oxide  of. 

MANGANICUM  SUPEROXYDUM,  Man- 
ganese, black  oxide  of. 

MANGANUM  OXYDATUM  NATIVUM, 
Manganese,  black  oxide  of. 

MANGIF'ERA  IN'DICA.     The  Mango  tree, 
(F.)    Manrruier.     A   tree,  cultivated   over  Asia 
and   in    South  America.     Mancos,  when  ripe, 
are   juicy;  of  a   good   flavour;  and  so  fragrant 
as  to  perfume  the  air  to  a  considerable  distance. 
They  are  eaten,  either   raw  or   preserved  with 
BUgar.    From  the  expressed  juice  a  wine  is  pre- 
pared; and  the  remainder  of  the  kernel  can  be 
reduced  to  an  excellent  flnur  for  bread. 
MANGO  TREE,  Mangifera  Indica. 
MA.NGOSTAN,  Garcinia  mangostana. 
MANGOSTANA,  Garcinia  mangostana. 
M  A  NGOUSTAN,  Garcinia  mangostana. 
MAJVGUIER,  Mangifera  Indica 
MA'NIA,  Furor  mania  (q  v.),   Insa'nia.  Dr.- 
lir'ium  rnani'aciim,  Ecplno'nia  mania,  DeJir'iuni 
mania,  D.  furit/sum.  Mania  unicersa'li.s,  Vesa'- 
nia   mania,    Hyperphrdnie,    Raving   or  furious 
madnrss ;  from  (tairouai,  '  I  am  furious.'     With 
some,  it  means  insanity.     Disorder  of  the  in- 
tellect, in  which  there  is  erroneous  judgment 
or  hallucination,  which   impels  to  acts  of  fury. 
If  the  raving  be  not  directed  to  a  single  object, 
it  is  mania   properly  so  called;  if  to  one  object. 
it  constitutes  monomania.     This  term  is,  how- 
ever, usually  given   to  melancholy.     Mania  at- 
tacks adults  chiefly;  and  women  more  frequent- 
ly than   men.     The   prognosis  is  unfavourable. 
About  one  third  never  recover;  and  they  who 
do  are  ant  to  relapse.     Sc/iarntion  is  one  of  the 
most  effective  means  of  treatment,  will)   alien 
tion  to  the  corporeal  condition  and  every  thing 
that  can  add  to  tHe  mental  comfort  of  the  pa- 
tient, and  turn  his  thoughts  away  from  the  sub- 
jects of  his  delusion.     In  the  violence  of  the  pa- 
roxysms, recourse  must  be  had  to  the  straight 
waistcoat,   the   shower    bath,   &c.     Separation 
should    be   continued    for   some    weeks   during 
convalescence,  with  the   view  of  preventing  a 
relapse. 

Mania  Epileptica,  see  Epilepsv — m.  Lactea, 
M.  puerperal — m.  Melanchnlica,  Melancholy— 
in.  a  Pathemate,  Empathema— m.  a  Potu,  De- 
lirium tremen-s — in.  a  Temulenlia,  Delirium 
tremens — m.  Pellagria,  Pellagra. 

Mavia  Pukr'pkrai,,  Mufnia  puerpern'rum 
acu'tn,  M  Inr'tca.  Mania  which  supervenes  in 
the  childbed  state. 

Mania   Pukrpkrarum  Acuta,  M.  puerperal 
— m.  sine  Detirio.  Palhomania. 
MAMACUS.  Maniodea 
MANICA  HIPPOORATIS,  Chnvsse. 
M.1NIF,  SA.YS  D&LIRE,  Empathema. 
MANIGUETTA,  Ainornum  grana  paradisi. 


MAN1IBAR.  Jatropha  manihot. 
MANILU'VIUM,  Munulu'vium,  from  manus, 
'the  hand,'  and  Into,  'I  wash.'     A   bath  for  the 
hands.     It    may    be    rendered    stimulating   by 
means  of  muriatic  acid,  mustard,  &.e. 
MANIOC,  Jatropha  manihot 
MAMO'DES,  Mimi'acus.  One  labouring  un- 
der mania:  a  maniac. 

MANIPULATION,  from  manus,  'a  hand.' 
Mode  of  working  in  the  arts. 

MANIP'ULUS,   (F)    Poignee.     The    quan- 
tity of  a  substance  capable  of  filling  the  hand. 
A  handful.     See  Fasciculus 
MAN-MIDWIFE,  Accoucheur. 
MANNA,  see  Fraxinus  ornns — m.  Biiancon, 
see   Pinus   larix  —  in.  Calabrina,  see  Fraxinus 
ornus — m.  Metallorum,  Hydrargyri  submurias. 
MANNAOROUP,  Semolina. 
MjJXjYEQUW.  Fantom. 
MANNIKIN,  Fantom. 
MANN  IN.  see  Fiaxinus  ornus. 
MANN ITE.  see  Fraxinus  ornus. 
MJLXIEUVRE  (F.)   from  main,  'the  hand/ 
and   crurre,  '  work.'     Opera'tio  chirvr'gica  vel 
obstel'rica.     The  practice  of  surgical  or  obstet- 
rical operations  on  the  dead  body  or  phantom. 
MANSFORDS  PLATES,  see  Galvanism. 
MANSORIUS.  Buccinator. 
MANSTUPRATIO,  Masturbation. 
MANTI'A,    Mantica,   Mantirg,    in    English, 
money;  a  common  suffix,  denoting 'divination.' 
MANT1LF.  Bandaire  (body.) 
MANTLE,  Pannieulus  carnosus. 
MANU'RRIUM,  from  m«»us, 'a  hand.'    The 
handle   of  any  thing: — as  manu'biium  viall'ti, 
'the  handle  of  the  malleus.' 

Manubrium,  Chasse — m.  Manus,  Radius. 
MANULUVIUM,  B-th.  hand,  Maniluvium. 
MANUS,  Cheir,  (F  )  Main.  The  hand. 
The  part  which  terminates  the  upper  extremity 
in  man,  and  which  is  iuscrvient  to  prehension 
and  touch.  It  extends  from  the  fold  of  the 
wrist  to  the  extremity  of  the  finders  The 
hand  is  sustained  by  a  bony  skeleton,  com- 
posed of  a  number  of  pieces,  movable  on  each 
other;  of  muscles,  tendons,  cartilages,  liga- 
ments, vessels,  nerves.  cVc.  It  is  divided  into 
three  parts  —  the  carpus  or  wrist,  the  wrlacar- 
pus.  and  finders.  Its  concave  surface  is  called 
the  /mini;  the  convex  surface  the  back  of  the 
/miid.  The  facility  of  being  able  to  oppose  the 
thumb  to  the  fingers  in  older  to  seize  objects 
forms  one  of  the  distinctive  characters  of  the 
human  hand. 

Manus  Christi  Peri.a'ta.  A  name  an- 
ciently given  to  troches,  prepared  of  pearls  and 
sugar  of  roses.  They  were  called  Munus 
Christi  sim'phces,  when  pearls  were  not  em- 
ployed. 

Manus  Dei.  An  ancient  plaster,  prepared 
of  irix.  myrrh,  frankincense,  mastic.h,  Gum  am- 
moniac. GaHianam,  oil,  Ac.     See  Opium. 

Manus  Hepatis,  Porta  vena — m.  Jecoris, 
Porta  vena — in.  Parva  major  adjutrix,  see  Di- 
rndls. 

MANUSTUPRATIO,  Masturbation. 
MA  NY  PLIES,  Omasum. 
MAPLE,   Acer    saccharinum — m.    Ground, 
Henchera  cortusa. 
MARA  IS.  Marsh. 

MARANTA    ARUNDINAGEA.  Arrowroot. 

M  a  R  a  n't  a    Ga  l  a  n'g  a,   Alpi'nin.    gcJan'ga, 

Amd 'muni  galunga,  Galmga.    The  smaller  go- 


MARASCHINO 


467 


MARSEILLES,  (CLIMATE  OF) 


Ian' gal.  Two  kinds  of  galangal  are  mentioned 
in  tin-  pharmacopoeias; — the  greater,  obtained 
from  the  JLarnvftria  galanga,  and  the  smaller. 
from  the  root  of  J  he  Murunta  galanga.  The 
dried  root  is  brought  from  China,  in  pieces, 
from  one  to  two  inches  in  lenolh,  but  scarcely 
hall  as  thick;  branched;  full  of  knots  and 
joints,  with  several  circular  rings,  of  a  reddish 
brown  colour,  on  the  outside,  and  brownish 
within.  It  was  formerly  much  used  as  a  warm 
stomachic  bitter;  and  generally  ordered  in  bit- 
ter infusions. 

MARASCHINO,  see  Spirit. 

MARASMUS,  Atrophy— m.  Phthisis,  Phthi- 
sis pulinonalis — m.  Tabes,  Tabes — in.  Tabes 
dors:ilis.  Tabes  dorsalis. 

MARATHRITES,  from  u^adgov,  'fennel.' 
Wine  impregnated  with  fennel. 

MARATHROITIYLLUM,   Peucedanum. 

MARATHRUM,  Anethum— m.  Sylvestre, 
Peucediinum. 

MARBLE,  Marmor. 

MAR  I)  RE,  Marmor. 

MARC,  Mnjrma. 

M  A  RCAS 1TA ,  Bismuth— m.  Alba,  Bismuth, 
subnitrate  of — m.  Plumbea,  Antimonium. 

MARCASIT^E  MAG1STERIUM,  Bismuth, 
subnitrate  of. 

MARCHAN'TIA  POLYMOR'PHA,  Hepat' - 
icafonta'na,  Lichen  stellu'tum,  Jccora'riu,  Lic'- 
erwort.  (F .)  Hcpatique  des  fontuines.  This 
plant  is  mildly  pungent  and  bitter.  It  is  re- 
commended as  aperient,  resolvent,  and  anti- 
scorbutic; and  is  used  in  diseased  liver,  &c. 

MARC  HE.  LA,  Walking. 

MARCH  10'NIS  PULVIS,  Powder  of  the 
Marquis.  A  powder,  formerly  considered  to  be 
anti-epileptic;  and  composed  of  Mule  paony 
root,  Mistletoe,  Ivory  shavings,  Horn  of  the  hoof 
of  the  slog,  Spodium,  Tooth  of  the  monudon,  co- 
ral ,  S/r. 

MARCORES,  Atrophy,  Emaciation. 

MARCORY,  Stillmgia. 

MARK'S  TAIL,  Hippuris  vulgaris. 

MARGA  CANDIDA,  Lac  lima.  An  an- 
cient name  for  a  variety  of  spongy,  white, 
friable  marl,  which  was  employed  as  an  astrin- 
gent and  refrigerant. 

MAI5CARETIZZA,  Scherlievo. 

MARGARITA,  Pearl. 

MARGARON,  Pearl. 

MA  R  G  LVI-SUS-SCAPULO-  TROCHITlt- 
RIEJ\\  Teres  minor. 

MARGO.  Rnrd 

MARGUERITE,  PtiTlTE,  Bellis— m  des 
Pres,  aconite.  Chrysanthemum  leucnnthemnm. 

MARIEN BAD,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 

Celebrated  springs  ill  Bohemia.  The  Kreut- 
brunn  contains  sulphate  of  soda,  carbonate  of 
iron,  and  carbonic  acid. 

MARIGOLD,  DIAMOND  FIG,  Mesembry- 
anthiMiiuiii  cryslalliiium — in.  Garden,  Calen- 
dula officinalis — m.  Single,  Calendula  officina- 
lis— m.  Wild,  Calendula  arvensis 

MARIS.  iiu£ic.  Ancient  name  of  a  measure, 
containing  H:i  pints  and  4  ounces. 

MARLSCA.  Ficus,  Hseinorrhois. 

MARJOLAINE,  Origanum  majorana. 

MARJORAM,  COMMON,  Origanum  — m. 
WiM,0:  ij-amim  —  m. Sweet, Oiigauiiui  majorana. 

M  A  RJ  O  R  A  N  A.  Origanum  majorana — m. 
MaiK'<>< una .  Origanum. 

MARMALADE,  Mannelade. 


MARMARYGO'DES,  'brilliant'  An  epi- 
thet,  joined  particularly  to  the  word  oydahp.  s~, 
a  Inillitmt  ei/e,  a.  flashing  eye. 

MAR'MELADE,  Murmela'da,  Marmela'la, 
Marmalade,  Mica.  Parts  of  vegetables,  con- 
ceded with  sugar,  and  reduced  to  a  pultaceous 
consistence. 

Marmelade  ok  Apricots.  A  mannelade, 
prepared  wiih  two  parts  of  ripe  apricots  de- 
prived of  their  stones,  and  one  part  of  white  sugar. 

Marmelade  ok  Fernel,  M.  of  Tronchin. 

Marmelade  of  Tronchin,  or  of  I^rnel. 
A  kind  of  thick  looch,  of  an  agreeable  taste, 
prepared  with  two  ounces  of  oil  of  sweet  al- 
monds, as  much  syrup  of  violets,  manna  in 
tears,  very  fresh  pulp  of  cassia,  1G  grains  of 
gum  trngacanth,  and  two  drachms  of  orange 
flower  water.  It  is  used  as  a  laxative,  demul- 
cent, and  pectoral. 

MARMELATA,  Marmelade. 

MARMOR,  Marble,  Calcis  Car'hanns  durus, 
(F.)  Marbre.  White  granular  carbonate  of 
lime.  Used  in  pharmacy  for  the  preparation  of 
a  pure  li me,  and  the  disengagement  ot  carbo- 
nic acid. 

MARMORATA  AURIUM,  Cerumen. 

MARMORYGE  HIPPOCRATIS,  Hemiopia. 

MAROU'l'E.  Antbemis  cotula. 

MAR'RIOTT,  DRY  VOMIT  OF.  This  once 
celebrated  emetic,  called  dry.  from  its  being 
exhibited  without  drink,  consisted  of  equal  por- 
tions of  tartar ized  antimony  and  sulphate  of 
copper. 

MARBOMER  D'LYDE,  ./Esculus  Hippoeas- 
tanum. 

MARROW,  My'elos,  MeduVh,  Mul'ullary 
Juice,  Axun'gia  de  Mum'ia,  Sax.  mejis.  (F.) 
Motile,  Sac  medullaire.  The  oil}',  inflammable,, 
whitish  or  yellowish  juice,  which  fills  the  me- 
dullary canal  of  the  long  bones,  the  cancellated 
structure  at  the  extremities  of  tlmse  bones,  the 
diploe  of  flat  bones,  and  the  interior  of  short 
bones.  The  marrow  is  furnished  by  the  exha- 
lation of  the  medullary  membrane.  It  is  fluid 
during  life,  and  appears  under  the  form  of 
small  points  or  brilliant  giains,  after  death.  It 
is  enveloped  in  the  medullary  membrane. 

Marrow,  Spinal.  Medulla  spinalis — in.  Ver- 
tebral. Medulla  spinalis. 

MARRUBE  BLANC,  Marrubium— m.  Noir, 
Balloia  foctida. 

MARRU'BIUM,  Marrubium  tulga'ri,  M.  al- 
bum, Horehound ,  Pra'sium,  Phrasurn,  (F.)  Mar- 
rube  blunc.  The  leaves  have  a  moderately 
strong,  aromatic  smell;  and  a  very  bitter,  pe- 
netrating, diffusive,  and  durable  taste.  It  has 
often  been  given  in  coughs  and  asthmas,  united 
with  sugar.  Dose,  ^ss  to  i§j,  in  infusion ;  dose, 
of  extract,  gr.  x.  to  £ss. 

Ford's  Balsam  of  Horehound  is  made  as 
follows: — horehound.  liquorice  roof,  aa  Ibiij  and 
ijvii'j;  walcr,  q  s.  to  strain,  ibvj  Infuse  To 
the  stiained  liquor  add: — prooj  spirit  or  brandy, 
lf)l'2;  camphor.  ~)  and  Zij;  op/urn  and  benjamin, 
ai  z']:  dried  squills,  ~ij;  oil  of  aniseed,  gj, 
honey,  Ibiij  and  ,^viij  — Gray.     It  is  pectoral. 

Makrubium,  Leonurus  cardiaca — in.  Nigrum, 
Balloia  frjBtida 

MARS,  Ferritin — m.  Solubilis,  Ferrum  tarta- 
rizaturn. 

MARSEILLES,  (CLIMATE  CF.J  The  re- 
marks made  upon  1  lie  climate  of  Monlpellier 
apply    even   in   greater  force  to  that   of  Mar- 


Marsh 


408 


MASTICATIOft 


fcpilles.     It  possesses  all  t.he  objectionable  qua- 
lities of  the  climate  of  south-eastern  France. 

MARSH,  Lining,  Helos,  Pulus,  Sax.  merrc, 
(F  )  Muruis  Marshy  districts  give  off  emana- 
tions, which  are  the  fruitful  source  of  disease 
am]  the  cause  of  great  insalubrity  in  many 
countries.  The  chief  disease,  occasioned  by 
the  malaria  or  miasm,  (q.  v.)  is  intermittent 
fever.  Hence  it  becomes  important  to  drain 
such  regions,  if  practicable.  Marshy  countries 
are,  however,  not  so  liable  to  phthisis  pulmo- 
nalis,  and  it  has  been  found,  that  where  inter- 
mittents  have  been  got  rid  of  by  draining,  con- 
sumption lias,  at  times,  become  frequent.  The 
most  unhealthy  periods  for  residence  in  a 
marshy  distiict  are  during  the  existence  of  the 
summer  and  autumnal  heats;  at  which  times 
the  water  becomes  evaporated,  and  the  marshy 
bottom  is  more  or  less  exposed  to  the  sun  s  rays. 
This  postulatum  seems  necessary  for  the  produc- 
tion of  the  miasmata:  for  whilst  the  marsh  is 
well  covered  with  water,  no  miasm  is  given  off. 

Marsh  Poison.  Miasm  (marsh.) 

MA  RSHM ALLOW,  Althaea. 

MARSH  ROOT,  Statice  Caroliniana  —  m. 
Tea,  Ledum  pa  lustre. 

MARSIPIUM.  Marsupion. 

MARSUM.  Mnr'siuiu,  Mar'sicum.  An  an- 
cient wine  of  Marsia,  in  Italy,  which  was  used 
as  an  astringent  in  certain  diseases  of  the  mouth. 

MARSUPIAL,  see  Marsupion. 

MARSUP1ALIS,  Ischio-trochanterianus,  Ob- 
turator interims 

MARSUPIATE.  see  Marsupion. 

MARS  U'P  I  O  N,  Marsyp'ion,  Marsip'pon, 
Marsu'fdum,  Marsip'ium,  Sac  cuius.  A  sac  or 
bag,  with  which  any  part  is  fomented.  Also, 
the  abdominal  pouch  in  the  kangaroo,  opos- 
sum, &c.  into  which  the  young,  born  at  a  very 
early  stage  of  development,  are  received  and 
nourished  with  milk  secreted  from  glands  con- 
tained within  the  pouches.  Such  animals  are 
termed  Marsupial  or  Mursupiate.  See  Genera- 
tion. 

MARSUPIUM,  Scrotum— m.  Musculosum, 
Dnrlos 

MXRSYPION.  Marsupion. 

MARTEAU,  Malleus. 

MARTIA LIS,  Chalybeate. 

MARTIANA  POM.A.  see  Citrus  aurantium. 

MARTIA'NUM  UNGUEN'TUM,  Ongue.nl 
de  S'Jdiit,  Soldier's  ointment  This  was  com 
posed  of  liny  berries,  rue,  marjoram,  mint,  sage, 
wormwood,  basil,  olive  oil,  yellow  mux,  and  Ma- 
logo.  wine.  It  was  invented  by  Martian;  and 
was  employed  by  soldiers  as  a  preservative 
against  cold 

MARTISLIMATURA,  Ferri  limatura. 

MARUM  CORTUSI,  Teucrium  marum— m. 
Creticuin,  Teucrium  marum  —  m.  Syriacuin, 
Teucrium  marum- m.  Vetuin,  Teucrium  ma 
rum — m.  Vulgare,  Thymus  mastichina, 

MASCHALE.  Axilla. 

MASUHALISTER,  Axis. 

MASCHALOiVCUS.  Maschahpa'nus,  from 
fiar /ukt;,  Ulie  axilla,'  and  oyy.  ;,  'a  tumour.'  A 
tumour  or  bubo  or  swellinu-  m  the  axilla. 

M ASCHALOPANUS,  Maschaloncus. 

MASCULA.  Trihnde. 

MASCULUS.  Male. 

MASESIS.  Mastication. 

MASK,  Larva,  (F.)  Masque  A  bandage, ap- 
plied over  the  face,  as  a  sort  of  mask,  in  cases 


of  burns,  scalds,  or  erysipelas.  It  serves  to  pre- 
serve the  parts  from  the  contact  of  air,  and  to 
retain  topical  applications  in  situ.  It  is  made 
of  a  piece  of  linen,  of  the  size  of  the  face,  in 
which  apertures  are  made  corresponding  to  the 
eyes,  nose,  and  mouth,  and  which  is  fixed  by 
means  of  strings  stitched  to  the  four  angles. 

M  A&LACH,  Am'phion,  Jln'jion.  A  medicine, 
much  used  by  the  1  nrks,  and  into  the  composi- 
tion of  which  opium  enters.     It  is  excitant. 

MASQUE,  Mask. 

MASS,  y.uta,  Maza,  Mossa.  from  ftarao),  '  I 
mix.'  The  compound,  from  which  pills  have 
to  be  formed. 

MASSA,  Mass— m.  de  Dactylis,  Paste,  date 
— in.  de  Extracto  glycyrrhizse,  Pasta  glycyr- 
rhizas,  &C. — m.  de  Gummi  Arabico,  Paste, 
marshmallow — m.de  Zizyphorum  1'ructu,  Pasta 
of  jujubes. 

MslSS.IGE,  Shampooing. 

MASSEMA.  Mastication. 

MASSE  ME.XT,  Sham pooi h ». 

M  ASSES. 1P0PHYSAIRES,  see  Vertebra. 

MASSESIS.  Mastication. 

MASSE'TER,  from  fiuauo/nai,  'I  eat,'  'I  chew;' 
Zygomato-maxillaire.  A  muscle  situate  at  the 
posterior  part  of  the  cheek,  and  lying  upon  the 
ramus  of  the  lower  jaw-bone.  It,  is  long,  quad- 
rilateral, and  is  attached,  above,  to  the  interior 
edge  and  to  the  inner  surface  of  the  zygomatic 
arch;  below,  it  terminates  at  the  angle  of  the 
jaw,  and  at  the  outer  surface  and  interior  mar- 
gin of  the  ramus  of  that  bone.  It  is  composed 
of  an  intermixture  of  fleshy  and  aponeurotic 
fibres.  Its  office  is  to  raise  the  lower  jaw,  and 
to  act  in  mastication. 

Masseter  Internus.   Pterygoideus  internus. 

MASSETERIC,  Mas'seUrine,  Masseter' wis, 
Mnsseteri'nus.  Relating  or  belonging  to  the 
masseter  muscle. 

Massetehine  Artery  arises  from  the  trunk 
of  the  internal  maxillary  or  temporalis  pro- 
funda posterior,  and  is  distributed  to  the  masse- 
ter muscle,  after  having  passed,  horizontally, 
through  the  sigmoid  notch  of  the  lower  jaw- 
bone. 

Masseterine  Nehve  is  given  off  from  the 
inferior  maxillary  branch  of  the  fifth  pair.  It 
passes  through  the  sigmoid  notch,  and  is  dis- 
tributed on  the  inner  surface  of  the  masseter. 
In  luxation  of  the  lower  jaw,  this  nerve  is 
strongly  stretched,  and  considerable  pain,  con- 
sequently, produced. 

Masseterine  Vein  has  the  same  distribution 
as  the  artery.  It  opens  into  the  internal  max- 
illary vein. 

MASSETERINUS,  Masseteric, 

MASSING,  Shampooing. 

MASSIJLA.  Molecule. 

MASTALGIA.  Mastodynia. 

MAST+IMA.  Masticatory. 

MASTERWORT,  Heracleum  lanatum,  Im- 
peialoria,  Angelica  atropurpurea. 

MASTESIS.  Mastication 

MASTHELCOSlS.Mastodyniaapostematosa. 

MA^THOS.  Mamma 

M  A  S  T  I C  A '  T I O  N  .  Ma  stica'tio .  Mnse'sis, 
Masse' sis,  Masse1  ma,  Masle'sis,  Mandu<aftio, 
Commanduea'tio,  from /uutti /men,  'I  chew.'  The 
action  of  chewing  or  bruising  food,  to  impreg- 
nate it  with  saliva,  and  prepare  it  for  the  diges- 
tion it  has  to  undergo  in  the  stomach  This  is 
executed  by  the  joint  action  of  the  tongue, 


MASTICATORY 


MATERIA  MEDICA 


cheeks,  and  lips,  which  push  the  alimentary 
substance  between  the  teeth;  and  by  the  mo- 
tions «f  the  lower  jaw  it  is  cut,  torn,  or  bruised. 

MAS'TICATORY,  Mastimlo'rium,  Musi  e' ma, 
Diamuste' ma.  Same  etymon  A  substance, 
chewed  with  the  intention  of  exciting  the  se- 
cretion of  saliva. 

M  48TICATORY  Nerve,  see  Trigemini. 

MASTICH,  see  Pistacia  lentiscus— m.  Herb, 
common, Thymus  mastichina — m. Herb, Syrian, 
Teucrium  marum — rn.  Tree,  Pistacia  lentiscus. 

MASTICHINA  GA1.LORUM,  Thymus  mas- 
tichina. 

MAST1GOUES  HOMLMS,  Trichocephalus. 

M  ASTI'Tl'S,  Mustoitis,  fnfamma'tio  Mam- 
mae, from  /uuerroc,  '  the  breast,'  and  itis,  de- 
noting inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the  breast. 

Mastitis  Apostematos a,  Mastodynia  aposte- 
matnsn. 

MASTIX.see  Pistacia  lentiscus. 

MASTODYN'IA,  Mustul'gia,  from  /uarr-^, 
'  the  breast,'  and  GtJoi?/,  '  pain.'  Pain  in  the 
breasts;  a  sort  of  neuralgia. 

Mastodvn'ia  Apostemato'sa,  P/ileg'monc 
Ma  in  nut,  Mast/iclro'.-is.  Masti'tis  apostemalu'sa. 
Galactaposte'ma,  Absces'sus  Mannnw,  Phlegfmont 
Mistodyn'ia,  Abscess  of  i he  Br east,  Mam' mar y 
Abscess,  Wr.ed  in  the  Breast.  Phlegmonous  in- 
flammation of  the  breasts,  running  on  to  suppu- 
ration. It  is  one  of  the  best  examples  of  acute 
phlegmonous  inflammation,  and  requires  the 
active  use  of  appropriate  treatment. 

Mastodynia  Polygala,  Sparganosis. 

MASTOID,  Mastoi'des,  Mammilhris,  Pnpil'- 
li-aat-rnaini)ii/li-furniis,  Afammiformis ;  from 
Ita? roc, 'a  breast.'  and  eidec,  'form,  resemblance.' 
Having  the  form  of  a  nipple.  Also,  that  which 
relates  to  the  mastoid  process,  Masto'ideus. 

Mastoid  or  Mam'mieorm  or  M  am'millaky 
Process,  is  situate  at  the  inferior  and  posterior 
part  of  the  temporal  bone,  and  gives  attachment 
to  the  digastric  and  mastoid  muscles. 

Mastoid  Aperture;  —  the  opening  of  com- 
munication between  the  cavity  of  the  tympa- 
num and  the  mastoid  cells. 

Mastoid  Cells,  Antrum  mastoideum,  Mas- 
toid Sinus.  These  are  situate  in  the  mastoid 
process;  communicate  with  each  other,  and  open 
into  the  cavity  of  the  tympanum.  Their  use 
seems  to  be,  to  increase  the  intensity  of  sound. 

Mastoid  Foramen  is  situate  behind  the  mas- 
toid process,  and  gives  passage  to  a  small  artery 
of  the  dura  mater,  as  well  as  to  a  vein  which 
opens  into  the  lateral  sinus. 

Mastoid  Fossa,  (F.)  Gouttikre  mastoid ienne, 
is  a  depression  at  the  inner  surface  of  the  mas- 
toid porlion  of  the  temporal  bone,  which  forms 
part  of  the  lateral  sinus. 

Mastoid  or  Digastric  Groove,  (F.)  Rat- 
nure  mastoid  ienne  ou  digasl.rique,  is  a  groove. 
situate  at  the  inner  side  of  the  mastoid  process, 
which  affords  attachment  to  the  posterior  belly 
of  the  digastric  muscle. 

Mastoid  Muscle,  Posterior,  Splenius. 

MASTOIDFUS,  Stemo-cleido-mastoideus — 
m.  Lateralis,  Complexus  minor. 

MASTOi'DOCOJVCHIJYIEN,  Retrahens  au- 
ris  —  m.  Gcnien,  Digastrieus —  m.  Hyogcnien, 
Digastrieus — m.  Oriculaire,  Retrahens  auris. 

M  ASTON'CUS,  The.lon'cus,  from  ua<rrc?,  'the 
breast,'  and  oyxos,  'a  tumour.'  A  tumefaction 
of  the  nipple,  or  of  the  breast  itself. 

MASTORRHA'GIA,  from  /macros,  'the 


breast,'    and    orjrvui,   '  to    flow.'     An  unusual 
flow  of  milk. 

MASTKUPATIO.  Masturbation. 

MASTURBA'TION,  Mastujtra'tio,  Manu- 
stuvra' tio,Manstwpra'tio,  from  manus, 'the  hand,' 
and  stupro,  'I  ravish.'  Onania,  On'urtism,  Vol- 
untary Pollu'tion,  Gavdia  fada,  Self  Pollution, 
(F  )  Jlllivs  de  soi-nitme,,  Altouchemznl.  Excite- 
ment of  the  genital  organs  by  the  hand 

MASTURBA'TUli' Mastijfjn/tor:  same  ety- 
mon      One  given  to  masturbation. 

MAT,  Dull,  (F.)  Son  mot  A  dull  sound. 
The  obscure  noise,  afforded  when  any  part,  as 
the  chest,  is  percussed  in  several  diseases.  It 
has  been  compared  to  that  produced  when  the 
thigh  is  struck.  It  is  opposed  to  the  Son  c/air, 
or  '  clear  sound.' 

MATE,  see  Ilex  Paraguensis. 

MATER  HERBARUM,  Artemisia  vulgaris 
—  m.  Metallorum,  Hydrargyrum— m.  Perlarum, 
see  Pearl  —  m.  Secalis,  Ergot. 

MATERIA,  Matter— m.  Fibrosa,  Fibrin. 

Matk'ria  Med'ica,  Plt<nni(!colu!s"ia,  Plutr- 
macol'osy,  Acd'ogij  or  Akol'ogy.  Hyle  latricS, 
I  amatol' ogy,  (F.)  Matibre  Meditate..  The  division 
of  medical  science  which  treats  of  the  know- 
ledge of  medicines;  their  action  on  the  animal 
economy,  and  mode  of  administration.  The 
study  of  the  Materia  Medica  is  one  of  great  im- 
portance:— it  is  a  study  of  the  tools  with  which 
the  practitioner  has  to  work  in  the  cure  of  dis- 
ease. Much  labour  has  been  spent  in  contriving 
classifications  of  the  Materia  Medica.  Some 
have  arranged  the  articles  according  to  their 
natural  resemblances:  others,  according  to  their 
real  or  presumed  virtues:  others,  according  to 
their  active  constituent  principles.  The  Phar- 
macopoeias place  them  alphabetically.  Perhaps 
the  best  classification  would  be  one  founded  on 
the  agency  exerted  by  the  articles  on  the  differ- 
ent tissues;  but  ibis  airangement,  in  the  present 
state  of  science,  is  by  no  means  easy:  and 
moreover,  ideas  in  regard  to  the  action  of  me- 
dicines are  so  associated  with  certain  terms, — 
as  narcotics,  tonics,  sedatives,  &c,  employed  to 
denote  certain  operations,  which  they  are  es- 
teemed capable  of  producing,  that,  to  abandon 
them,  would  be  to  throw  obstacles  in  the  way 
of  the  student,  without  the  ultimate  advantage 
accruing  to  him — of  possessing  a  better  know- 
ledge of  the  modus  operandi  of  medicines  than 
when  a  classification,  somewhat  resembling 
those  usually  embraced,  is  adopted. 

The  following  is  the  classification  given  by 
the   Author,  in    his    "  General   Therapeutics," 
(Philadelphia,  I83C.) 
Classification  of  Therapeutical  Agents. 


r 


I.  Vital  J  Exci- 
tants. 


f 


i 
Increas- 
ing ac- 
tion ge-  , 
,  f.         Aborti 

<  nera I  y,<   ,-.       , 
'       ,      V  i  Diapm 
orlocal-  ' 

ly,  or 

both. 


(  Excitants  proper, 

Tonics, 

Anthelmintics, 

Astringents, 

Emetics, 

Cathartics, 

Emmenagogue?,. 
ves, 
orelics, 

Errhines, 

Sialogogues, 

Diuretics, 

Expectorants, 

Sorbefacients, 

Revellents, 
(_  Antispasmodics. 


MATERIA  TESTACEA  DENTIUM       470 


MAXILLARY 


fDimin-    f  Sedatives 

J  islling      |       proper, 
j  action     !  Narcotics, 

|  directly^  Refrigerants, 
or  indi-  |  M      B 

Erectly.    ^Nauseants, 
(  Antacids, 
I  Antalkalies, 
f  Antillthics, 
^  Disinfectants, 


(  Demulcents, 
\  Diluents. 


1 

I.  Vital  j  Seda- 
Agents   ^  lives. 

i 
J 

II.  Cheiucal 
Agents. 

III.  Mechanical 

Agknts. 


In  his  "  General  Therapeutics  and  Materia 
Medica,"  however,  he  has  adopted  the  follow- 
ing classification,  to  harmonize  more  with  the 
arrangement  in  his  Practice  of  Medicine. 

1  Agents  that  affect  pro-  C  Kinetics, 
mineiitly     the     alimentary  <  Cathartics, 
can;il  or  its  contents,  (Anthelmintics. 

2  Agents  that  affect  pro-  C 

minentiy     the     respiratory  <  Expectorants, 
organs,  ( 

(  Errhines, 
3.  Agents  that  affect  pro-  |  Sialogogues, 
minentiy    the    follicular   or-^  Diurectics, 
glandular  organs, 


j  Antilithics, 
(^  Diaphoretics. 
f  Narcotics, 
?  Tetanies, 
[  Antispasmodics. 


Kinmenagogues, 
Parturifacients. 


4.  Agents  that  affect  pro 
minentiy  the  nervous  sys 
teni, 

5.  Ajrents  that  affect  pro 
minentiy  the  organs  of  re 
production, 

(  Excitants, 

I  Tonics, 
Astringents, 

6.  Aden's  that  affect  va-^  Sedatives, 
rioud  organs,  j  Refrigerants, 

|  Revellenls, 
I  Eutrophics. 
Antacids, 


7.  Agents  whose  action  is 
prominently  chemical, 

H.  Agents  whose  action 
is  prominently  mechani- 
cal, 


Antalkalies. 
Disinfectants. 

i  Demulcents, 
i  Diluents. 


Of  old,  the  Materia  Medica  consisted  of  more 
articles  than  at  present.  The  tendency,  indeed, 
i»,  and  must  he,  to  diminish  it  still  farther;  In 
get.  rid  of  those  articles  which  possess  no  ad- 
vantages over  others  equally  common,  or  whose 
properties  are  doubtful.  In  a  dictionary,  it 
becomes  necessary  to  insert  all  that  have  been 
reputed  to  possess  virtues;  but  the  majority  are 
unnecessary  The  catalogue  might  be  largely 
reduced,  with  impunity. 

Materia  Testacf.a  Dentium,  see  Tooth. 

MATEi-ilALISTA,  Druggist. 

MATiUiUiUX  IMM&DIATS,  Principles,  im- 
mediate. 

M ATE RIES,  Matter. 

MAT1AS.  The  bark  of  a  South  American 
tree,  not  yet  determined.  It  is  used  in  its 
native  country  in  intermittens,  and  as  a  ionic 
generally.  Its  principal  characteristic  consti- 
tuent is  a  bitter  resinous  mr.tter.  It  is  probably 
the  sime  as  the  M/ilamho  Imrlc. 

MATl'CO  Yerba  del  Snldada.  or  Soldier's 
weed.  A  South  American  herb—  Piper  angu'sti- 
folum — which  is  possessed  of  astringent  vir- 
tues, and  is  used  both  internally  and  externally. 


It  is  rnven  in  infusion  made  of  one  ounce  of 
the  leaves  to  a  pint  of  boiling  water,  of  which 
the  dose  is  f.  ^iss,  or  in  tincture,  made  of  *iis* 
of  the  leaves  to  a  pint  of  dilute  alcohol. 

MATIERE,  Matter— m.  Extractive  r/u  Bouil- 
lon. Osmazome — m.  Mtdicale,  Materia  Medica— 
m.  Perlee  de  Kerkring,  Antiinonium  dianhoreti- 
curn — m.  Pulmonaire  noire,  see  Pulmo. 

MATLOCK,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Matlock  is  a  village  in  Derbyshire.  England 
to  which  there  is  a  mineral  spring  of  the  acidu- 
lous class.  Temperature  (iti0.  It  differs  but 
little,  except  in  tempeiature.  from  good  spriri" 
water.     It  is  generally  used  as  a  tepid  bath. 

MATONIA  CARDAMOMUM,  Amomum 
cardamomum. 

MATRAC1UM,  Matrass,  Urinal. 

MATRASS,  Matra'cium.  A  glass  vessel  with 
a  long  neck;  and  a  round,  and  sometimes  oval. 
body.  It  may  be  furnished  with  tubulnres  or 
not.  It  is  used  in  Pharmacy  for  distillation, 
digestion.  &c. 

MATRES  CEREBRI,  Meninges. 

MATH1CAIRE,  Matricaria. 

MATRICARIA,  from  matrix,  'the  womb;' 
so  called  from  its  reputed  virtues  in  affection* 
of  that  organ.  Mutricu'ria  Parlhe'nium,  Par- 
the' mum  febrifugum,  Pt/rethrum  pnrflie'nium, 
—  Chrysanth'emum  partlie'nium,  Argtjrochafto, 
Cluysoc'dis,  Fecer-fcw,  Feather-few,  Mother-wort, 
(F.)  Mutricaire.  It  resembles,  in  its  properties, 
chamomile  and  tansy ;  and,  like  them,  has  been 
esteemed  tonic,  stomachic,  resolvent,  emmena- 
gon-ue,  vermifuge,  tStc.     It  is  not  much  used. 

M atrica'ria  Chamomii/la,  Cltamame'lum 
Viilga're,  Cliumomil'la  nostras,  Leucu  n!  themvm 
of  Dioscorides;  Wild  Cora,  Box's  Cliiim'omile, 
German  Chamomile  (F.)  Camomille  vulgain. 
It  resembles  the  Matricaria  in  properties. 

Matricaria,  Anthemis  nohiiis. 

MATRICE,  Uterus— to.  Col.  de  la,  Uollom 
uteri. 

MATRISYLVA,  Asperula  odorata. 

MATRIX,  Cytoblastema,  Uterus. 

MATRON  A.  Midwife. 

MATRONALIS,  Viola. 

MATTEE,see  Ilex  Paracruensis. 

MATTER,  Materia,  Hyle,  Mate'ries,  (F.) 
Matiere.  Any  substance  which  enters  into  the 
composition  of  a  body.  In  Medicine,  it  is  some- 
times applied  to  the  substance  of  evacuations; 
and  is  also  used  synonymously  with  pus. 

MATH  LA,  Urinal. 

MATURA'TION.  Matura'tin.  from  mnturare, 
'to  ripen;'  Pepas'mos,  Pepan'sis.  Progression 
of  an  abscess  towards  maturity.  The  state  of 
maturity.     Coction,  (q.  v.) 

MATVRAT1F,  Maturative. 

MAT'URATIVE.JMatJi'ratis,  Pepanliroi,  (F.) 
Maturatif.  A  medicine  which  favours  the  ma- 
turation of  an  inflammatory  tumour. 

M  ATU'RITY,  Mahi'ritas.  The  state  of  fruiti 
and  seeds,  when  completely  developed.  Stat*" 
of  an  abscess,  in  which  the  pu3  is  completely 
formed. 

MxTimiTV,  Pkfcooohs,  Prsotia. 

MAUDLIN,  Achillea  ageratum— m.  Tansey, 
Achillea  aireratum — m.  Wort,  Chrysanthemum 
leiicanthemum. 

MAUVE  SAWAOE,  Malva. 

MAUX  DE  NERFS,  Hvsteria. 

MAX'ILLARY,  Maxilla'ris,  (F.)  Maxitiaire, 


MAXILLARY  ARTERIES 


471 


MEATUS 


from   maxilla,  '  a  jaw.'     Relating  or  belonging 
to  tlit>  jaws;  froin  uaoaetuj, '  1  chew.' 

Maxillary  Aiitkiuks  are  three  in  number. 
I.  The  External  maxillary.  See  Facial.  2.  In- 
ternal maxillary— A.  0  at  turo  ■maxillaire,  (Ch  ) 
This  arises  from  the  external  carotid  with  the 
temporal.  It  is  remarkable  for  its  complex 
course,  and  for  the  number  of  branches  which 
it  transmits  to  the  deep-sealed  parts  nf  the  face. 
Immediately  alter  its  origin,  it  buries  itself 
under  the  neck  of  the  lower  jaw,  curving  in- 
wards and  downwards.  It  then  advances  di- 
rectly inwards;  proceeding  in  the  spice  between 
the  two  pterygoid  muscles  lowaids  the  maxilla- 
ry tuberosity.  It  turns  again,  becomes  vertical, 
and  ascends  into  the  bottom  of  the  zygomatic 
fossa,  until,  having  arrived  at  the  floor  of  the 
orbit,  it  takes  a  horizontal  and  transverse  di- 
rection; eniers  the  spheno-maxillary  fossa,  and 
divides  into  several  branches.  See  Artery. 
(Tabic.) 

Maxillary  Bone,  Maxilla,  Mandil/ula,  Sia- 
gon,  'jaw,'  (F.)  Maclioire.  A  name  given  to 
two  bones,  which  support  the  teeth,  and  which, 
by  means  of  them,  are  inservient  to  the  cutting, 
bruising,  and  tearing  of  alimentary  substances. 

TJie  maxillary  bones  are  two  in  number. 

In f trior  Maxillary  Bone,  Lower jaw-hone.  0s 
Maxilla' rs  inferins,  Machoire  diacranienne, 
Maxil'la  inferior.  Os  maxillaire,  (Ch  ,)  is  a  sym- 
metrical, nearly  parabolic  bone,  the  middle  por- 
tion of  which  is  horizontal  and  called  the  body; 
the  posterior  vertical,  the  angular  portions  be- 
ing termed  Kami  or  branches.  These  have  be- 
hind aparotidean  edge, which  forms — by  uniting 
with  the  base — the  on»/,i  of  the  jaw.  The 
branches  terminate  above,  by  two  processes, 
separated  by  the  sigmoid  notch  or  fossa;  the 
anterior  of  which  is  called  the  coranoid;  the 
posterior,  the  condyloid  process  or  maxillary 
condyle,  supported  by  a  Cervix ,  Coll urn.  or  Neck. 
The  chief  parts  observed  on  the  lower  jaw  are 
—  I.  Externa  lit/, — the  Sym'phy&is  menti,  Apopk'- 
ysis  menti,  Mental  foramen  and  the  ext'rnal 
oblique  line. — 2.  Internally, — the  Geniapopli'ysis, 
the  internal  or  Myloid  oblique  lines,  and  the  en- 
trance of  lite  dental  canal.  The  lower  jaw  has, 
also,  an  alceolar  edge,  which  contains  alveoli 
for  the  reception  of  the  teeth.  The  lower  jaw- 
bone is  developed  by  two  points  of  ossification, 
which  unite  at  the  symphysis  of  the  chin.  It 
is  articulated  with  the  temporal  bones  and  with 
the  teeth 

Superior  Max! diary  Bone.,  Upper  jaw-hone, 
Maxilla  supeiior,  Os  maiilla'  ri  supefrius,  Max- 
il'la syncia'nia,  Os  bus Maxillaire,  (Ch.) 
Mar  hoi  ic.  sijnci an'enne.  The  upper  jaw-bones 
are  to  the  face  what  the  sphenoid  bone  is  to  the 
cranium.  They  are  articulated  with  all  the 
portions  composing  it.  They  determine,  almost 
alone,  the  shape  of  the  face,  and  give  it  solidity. 
Their  size  is  considerable  ;  form  unequal.  They 
occupy  Hie  middle  and  anterior  part  of  the 
face;  and  enter  into  the  composition  of  the 
nasal  fosscc.  orbit,  and  mouth.  The  chief  parts 
observable  in  the  upper  jaw,  are,  I.  Ex'ernol/y 
— The  Nastd  process,  (F. )  dpophyse  vtontante, 
For  a'  men  i  nfruni  bitn'rium,  Zi/gomal'ic  process, 
Canine  fossa,  Myr'tifarm  foSf.a  2.  Internally 
— The  Palatine  pro -ess,  Anterior  pnl'atinr  canal, 
and  the  Antrum  of  Highware.  Its  circumference 
is  very  unequal,  and  it  has  behind  n  round,  un- 
equal prominence  called  the  Maxillary  tuLeros' '■ 


ity,  which  is  pierced  by  the  posterior  dental 
canal.  Anteriorly,  is  a  notch,  which  forms  part 
of  the  anterior  aperture  of  the  nasal  fossae,  and 
beneath,  an  eminence  culled  the  anterior  nasal 
spine.  The  lower  part  of  this  circumference 
tonus  the  aloeolar  margin.  Each  superior  max- 
illary bone  is  articulated  with  the  ethmoid, 
frontal,  nasal,  lachrymal,  palatine,  inferior 
spongy,  vomer,  its  fellow,  the  teeth  of  the 
upper  jaw,  and  sometimes  with  the  sphenoid 
bone'.  It  is  developed  by  four  or  five  points  of 
ossification. 

Maxillary  Nervss  are  two  in  number,  and 
formed  of  the  second  and  third  branches  of  the 
fifth  pair.  The  Superior  Maxii.i.aiiv  Nerve, 
JVerf  Sus  maxillaire,  (Ch..)  aiiscs  from  the  mid- 
dle of  the  ganglifor'ni  enlargement  of  the  fifth 
pair;  passes  forwards  and  issues  from  the  cra- 
nium through  the  foramen  rotundum  of  the 
sphenoid  bone;  enters  the  sphenomaxillary 
fossa,  which  it  crosses  horizontally;  passes  into 
the  infra-orbitar  canal,  which  it  traverses;  and 
makes  its  exit  to  vanish  on  the  cheek.  It  gives 
offthe  following  brandies  :  the  orbitar,  a  branch 
which  goes  to  the  sphenopalatine  ganglion,- 
posterior  denial  branches;  the  anterior  denial, — 
and  terminates  in  the  infrn-irhifor  nerves — 
which  are  divided  into  saperior,  inferior,  inter- 
nal The  inferior  maxillary  nerve,  Nerf  max- 
illaire, (Ch.)  is  the  largest  of  the  three  branches 
furnished  by  the  fifth  pair.  It  issues  from  the 
cranium  by  the  foramen  ovale  of  the  sphenoid. 
[laving  reached  the  zygomatic  fossa,  it  divides 
into  two  trunks;  the  one  superior  and  external, 
which  gives  off  the  leaiporalrs  profundi,  masse- 
ferine,  buccal  and  pterygoids;  the  other — infe- 
rior and  internal — the  larger  of  the  two,  which 
furnishes  the  inferior  denial,  lingual,  and  auri- 
cular. 

Maxillary  Vkiss  present  tlie  same  arrange- 
ment as  the  arteries  they  accompany. 

M  A  X  ILLO  J LVAOL !-.\ASdL, '  Depressor 
alffi  nasi  —  m  Labial,  Depressor  angnli  oris — to. 
Narinal,  Compressor  naris  —  m.  Palpebral,  Or- 
bicularis palpebrarum — m.  Sclerolicien,  Obli- 
quus  inferior  oculi. 

MAYAPPLE,  Podophyllum  peltatum— m. 
Mountain,  Podophyllum  monUnum — in.  Weed, 
Anthemis  cotula. 

MAYELLA.  Curcuma  longa. 

MAYFLOWER,  Anthemis  cotula. 

MAZA,  Mass.  Placenta. 

MAZISCH'ESIS,  from  maza,  'the  placenta,' 
and  ayt ti$,  '  holding,'  '  retention.'  Retention  of 
the  placenta. 

MAZOS,  Mamma. 

MEAD,  llydromeli.  Melizomum. 

MEADOW  ISLOOM,  Ranunculus  ncris— m. 
Fern,  Comptonia  asplenifolia — m.  Pride,  see 
Calumba— in.  Hue,  Thalictron— m.  Saffron. 
Vinegar  nf,  Acetum  colchici — m.  Sweet,  Gille- 
nia  trifoliata,  Spiraia  ulmaria — m.  Sweet,  Red, 
Spirsn  lomentoss. 

MEASLES,  Rubeola— m.  Black,  see  Ru- 
beola. 

MEASLY.  Morbillous. 

MEAT,  EXTRACTIVE  OF,  Osmazome. 

M/tAT.  Meatus. 

MEATUS,  (F.)  Mem.  A  passage  or  cann! 
(q.  v.) — m.  Auditoriua  externus,  Auditory  canal, 
external  —  m.  Auditorius  int<  rnus,  Auditory  ca- 
nal, internal — m.  Csecus,  Eustachian  lube  —  m. 
Nurhiin,  see  Masai  Iobeed — in.  Seminales  uteri, 


MECI1AMECK 


MEDICAMENTOSA  LAriS 


Tubse     Fallopianre— m.     Seminarius,     Corpus 
Highmori — m.  Urinarius,  Urethra. 

MECHAMECK,  Convolvulus  panduratus— 
in    Bindweed.  Convolvulus  panduratus. 
MECHANE,  Machine. 

MECH/vNEMA,  Machine. 

MECH AN'ICAL,  Median' icus,  from  /((,/*)»,, 
'a  machine.'  An  epithet  given  to  irritating 
bodies,  which  do  not  act  chymically — as  a  me- 
chanical irritant. 

Mechanical  or  I atro  mathematical  Physicians. 
are  such  as  refer  every  function,  healthy  or 
morbid,  to  mechanical  or  mathematical  princi- 
ples. 

MECHANICS,  ANTMAL.  That  part  of 
physiology  whose  objects  are  to  investigate 
the  laws  of  equilibrium  and  motion  of  the  ani- 
mal body. 

MECH'ANISM.  The  structure  of  a  body; 
the  collection  or  aggregate  of  the  parts  of  a 
machine;  the  mode  in  which  forces  produce 
any  effect,  &C 

MtCHE,  Tent.  The  term  is  usually  em- 
ployed in  French  surgery  to  a  collection  of 
threads  of  charpie,  cotton  or  raw  silk  united 
together,  which  are  used  for  deterging  sinuous 
or  fistulous  ulcers;  or  to  keep  open  or  enlarge 
natural  or  artificial  apertures.  They  are  gene- 
rally applied  by  means  of  an  instrument  called 
Porlr-iitechi:  (q.  v.) 

MECHOACANA  NIGRA,  Convolvulus 
jalapa. 

MECHOACANA  RADIX,  Convolvulus 
inechoacan 

MECHOACHANDU  CANADA,  Phytolacca 
decandra.  < 

MECOM'ETER,  Mccomkre;  from  ,ux<?. 
'length,'  and  /uitqot,  '  measure. '  A  kind  of 
graduated  compass — campas  de  proportion, — 
used  at  the  Hospice  de  Maternite  of  Paris,  to 
measure  the  length  of  new-born  infants. 

MECON,  Papaver. 

MECO'NIUM,  from  (tijxav,  'a  poppy.'  Fop- 
pi/  juice,  Ptipacc/culum,  Purgamen'la  Infan'- 
tis.  The  excrement  passed  by  the  infant  a 
short  time  after  birth,  which  had  accumulated 
in  the  intestines  during  pregnancy.  It  is  of  a 
greenish  or  deep  black  colour,  and  very  viscid 
It  seems  formed  of  the  mucous  secretions  of 
the  intestines  mixed  with  bile.     See  Opium. 

M/iDECIJV,  Physician— m.  Consultant,  Con- 
sulting physician. 

M/iDECLVE,  Medicina  — m.  Erpectante.Ex- 
pectation — m.  Legale,  Medicine,  leyal — m.  Per- 
tvrbalrice,  Perturbatrix  (Medicina.) 

MEDELA,  Curation. 

MLDEOLA  VERTICILLIFOLIA,  M.  Vir- 
ginica. 

MEDE'OLA  VIllGIN'ICA,  M.  vertkiflift/lia, 
(iijro'inia  Virgin' ica ,  Indian  encumber.  An  in- 
digenous herb,  growing  in  evi-ry  part  of  the 
United  States,  the  root  of  which  resembles  a 
small  cucumber.  It  has  been  thought  to  be 
diuretic. 

MEDIA,  Genital  organs. 

MEDIAN,  Media nus,-  from  medium,  'the 
middle.'     That  which  is  situate  in  the  middle. 

Median  Line.  A  vertical  line,  supposed  to 
divide  a  body  longitudinally  into  two  equal 
parts;  the  one  right,  the  other  left.  Chaussier 
calls  the  linea  alba  the  ligne  midiunc  of  the  ab- 
domen. 

Median  Nerve,  Median  digital,  (Ch.)     This 


nerve  arises  chiefly  from  the  anterior  branclirs 
of  the  last  two  cervical  neives  and  first  dorsal. 
The  fifih  and  sixth  cervical  pairs  also  send  it  a 
branch,  which  separates  from  the  musculo-cu- 
taneous  nerve.  The  median  nerve  descends 
along  the  inner  part  of  the  arm  along  the  biceps 
muscle  Opposite  the  elbow  joint  it  buries 
itself  behind  the  aponeurosis  of  that  muscle, 
and  engages  itself  between  the  two  fasciculi  of 
the  pronator  teres.  Lower  down,  it  is  situate 
between  the  flexors — sublimis  and  profundus 
— and  passes,  with  their  tendons,  under  the  an- 
terior annular  ligament;  it  then  divides  into 
five  branches,  which  are  distributed  to  the  mus- 
cles of  the  thenar  eminence,  to  the  lumbri- 
cales,the  integuments  of  the  thumb,  the  index, 
middle  finger,  and  outer  part  of  the  ring  finder. 
This  nerve  gives  no  branches  to  the  arm.  In 
the  forearm,  it  furnishes  filaments  to  all  the 
pronator  and  flexor  muscles;  and  one  of  them 
accompanies  the  anterior  interosseous  artery. 
It  also  gives  off  a  filament  to  the  integuments 
of  the  palm  of  the  hand. 

Median  Veins.  Three  of  the  superficial 
veins  of  the  forearm  are  so  called  The  median 
basilic — the  median  cephalic  and  common  median 
or  funis  Lrachii.     See  Basilic  and  Cephalic. 

MLDIANUM,  Mediastinum. 

MEDIASTINAL,  Mediastina'tis.  Relating 
to  the  mediastinum. 

Mediastinal  Arteries  are  very  delicate  ar- 
terial branches,  distributed  in  the  cellular  tex- 
ture of  the  mediastinum.  They  are  distin- 
guished, according  to  their  situation,  into 
anterior  and  posterior. 

MEDIAST1NITIS.  Mesodmilis. 

MEDIASTl'NUM,  quasi,  in  medio  starts,  as 
being  in  the  middle.  Mesod'me,  Media' num, 
Mesotce'chium,  Mesoto/chum,  Septum  thora'cis, 
Hijmen  Diaphratton,  Membru'na  Dm //h  ration, 
Membra! na  thoiu'cem  intcrsepiens,  Interseptmm'- 
tum  thora'cis.  A  membranous  septum  formed 
by  the  approximation  of'lhe  pleurae, dividing  the 
chest  into  two  parts,  the  one  right,  the  other 
left.  The  mediastinum,  formed  by  a  double  re- 
flection of  the  pleura,  extends  from  the  spine 
to  the  posterior  surface  of  the  sternum.  Its  an- 
terior part,  called  the  .■Interior  mediastinum, 
Mediastinum  pcctoro'lB,  lodges,  at  its  upper 
part,  the  thymus  gland  in  the  foetus,  and  is 
filled  below  with  laity,  cellular  tissue.  Its 
posterior  part,  parallel  to  the  spine,  is  opcupied 
by  the  oesophagus,  vena  azygos,  thoracic  duct, 
the  lower  part  of  the  windpipe,  the  origin  of 
the  bronchia  and  a  number  of  lymphatic  glands. 
This  pari  is  called  the  posterior  mediastinum — 
Mediastinum  dorsa'll. 

Mediastinum  Ckkebui,  Falx  cerebri — in. 
Cerebri,  Septum  lucidum. 

MEDICAL  JURISPRUDENCE,  Medicine, 
legal. 

"MED'ICAM  ENT,  Midicamm'tum,  Berne'- 
dium,  Ace'sis,  Jlces' ma,  Aros,  Medico' men,  Phai  • 
macum,  Med'  nine,  Phi/sic,  Rem'edy,  .Jlbar, 
Jluxil'iuin,  Boethe'ma,  (F.)  Remede;  from  mtdi- 
care, '  to  cure  or  heal.'  A  medicine  Any  sub- 
stance exhibited  with  the  view  of  curing  or 
allaying  morbid  action.  Medicines  are  obtained 
from  the  three  kingdoms  of  nature,  and  are 
divided  into  internal  and  external.,  according  as 
they  are  administered  internally  or  applied  ex- 

MEDICAMENTO'SUS  LAPIS,. Medic" mal 


MEDIC  AMENTUM 


473 


MEDULLARY  MEMBRANE 


slene,  (F.)  Pierre  medicamrnteuse.  A  name 
formerly  given  to  a  mixture  of  pcroryd  of  iron; 
litharge;  alum,-  nitre;  sal  ammoniac;  and  vine- 
gar,- evaporated  and  calcined  at  a  red  heat  for 
an  hour.  The  product  was  regarded  as  emi- 
nently astringent. 

MEDICA  MENTUM,  Drug— m.  ex  Palmu- 
lis,  Diaphcenicon. 

MEDICASTER,  Medicastra.  An  ignorant 
practitioner.     A  charlatan. 

MEDICATION,  from  mederi, '  to  remedy.' 
The  change  in  the  animal  economy  produced 
by  the  operation  of  remedies.  Treatment  by 
medicine. 

MEDICI'NA,  Med'icine,  Ars  med'ica.  The 
healing  art,  Res  medica,  Ars  Machao'nia,  A. 
Machaon'  ica,  lat'rice,  Jate'ria,  Ialrotcchnice. 
Physic.  (F.)  Mcdecine.  A  science,  the  object 
of  which  is  the  cure  of  disease  and  the  preser- 
vation of  health.  Occasionally,  it  is  used  to 
comprehend  all  the  branches  of  the  healing  art; 
at  others  to  comprise  one  great  division,  in  con- 
tradistinction to  surgery  and  obstetrics.  Medi- 
cine, in  this  sense,  includes  many  branches; — 
the  chief  of  which  are,  Anatomy,  Physiology, 
Pathology,  Therapeutics,  Hygiene,  Materia 
Medica,  and  Pharmacy. 

Medicina  Conservativa,  Hygiene — m.  Diee- 
telica,  Dietetics — m.  Efficax,  Surgery — m.  Fo- 
rensis,  Medicine,  legal — m.  Hermetica,  see 
Spagirists — m.  Operativa,  Surgery — m.  Poli- 
tica,  Police,  medical — m.  Sinica,  Chinese  me- 
dicine— m.  Spagirica,  see  Spagirists — m.  State, 
Police  medical — m.  Tristitiae,  Crocus. 

MEDICINAL,  Medicina' lis.  Having  a  re- 
medial power; — as  medicinal  -plants,  &c. 

Mkdicina'les  Dies,  Medicinal  days.  Days 
on  which  the  ancients  considered  that  reme- 
dies might  be  administered;  and  especially  eva- 
cuants.     Such  days  were  not  esteemed  critical. 

MEDICINE,  Medicament— m.  Galenic,  Ga- 
lenism. 

Medicine  is,  also,  used  in  the  same  sense  as 
Medicament  (q.  v.)  and  for  a  purging  potion. 

Med'icine,  Legal,  Medical  jurisprudence  of 
some,  Law  med'icine,  Forensic  medicine,  Medici'- 
na  for  en' sis,  Diciatri'a,  (F.)  Midecine  legale. 
The  application  of  medical  knowledge  to  the 
solution  of  every  question  connected  with  the 
preservation  of  the  species,  and  the  administra- 
tion of  justice. 
'  Medicine,  Political,  Police,  medical. 

MEDICINIER  CATHARTIQ.UE,  Jatropha 
curcas. 

MEDICO-CHIRURGICAL  ANATOMY,  see 
Anatomy. 

MEDICUS,  Doctor,  Physician— m.  Unguen- 
tarius,  Iatraleples — m.  Vulnerarius,  see  Deli- 
gation — m.  Vulnerum.  Surgeon. 

MEDIM'NUS,  Medim'no8,  fittdtuvog.  An  an- 
cient measure,  capable  of  containing  about  4 
perks  and  6  pints. 

MEDITULLIUM,  Diploe. 

ME'DIUS.     Middle,  Median. 

Middle  Finger,  (F.)  Doigt  du  milieu,  is  be- 
tween the  index  and  ring  finger. 

MEDLAR,  Mespilus. 

MEDO,  Hydromeli. 

MEDOBLENNORRHCEA,  Leucorrhcea. 

MEDORRHCEA,  Gonorrhoea— m.  Femina- 
rum  insons,  Leucorrhcea — m.  Virilis,  Gonor- 
rhoea. 

31 


MEDULLA,  Marrow— m.  D>rsalis,  m.  Spi- 
nalis. 

Medul'la  Oblonga'ta.  Cerebral  puitu'be- 
ranee,  Nervous  system  of  the  senses,  (Gall  )  Cer'- 
ehrum  clonga'tum,  Misocephale,  Mesencephale, 
(Ch.)  (F.)  Mo'elle  aUongie.  The  medullary 
substance  that  lies  within  the  cranium  upon 
the  basilary  process  of  the  occipital  bone. 
The  anterior  surface  which  rests  in  the  basi- 
lary groove,  is  impressed  by  the  basilary  ar- 
tery. At  the  upper  extremity,  and  on  its  pos- 
terior surface  are  the  Tuhercula  qvadrigemina 
At  the  same  extremity,  the  medulla  gives  rise 
to  two  prolongations,  the  peduncles  of  the  brain, 
separated  from  each  other  by  the  mammillarv 
eminences  and  becoming  lost  in  the  optic  tha- 
lami.  The  lower  extremity  is  called  the  tail  or 
Racliid'ian  bulb,  and  is  continuous  with  the  me- 
dulla spinalis.  It  is  to  this  part  only  that  some 
anatomists  apply  the  name  Medulla  oblongata. 
From  the  posterior  angles  two  other  prolonga- 
tions arise  called  Peduncles  of  the  cerebellum. 
The  medulla  oblongata  has  several  eminences 
— the  Pons  varolii,  Corpora  pyramidalia,  C. 
olivaria,  &c.  (q  v.) — and  it  has  a  longitudinal 
fissure  before,  and  another  behind,  called  the 
anterior  and  posterior  median  fissures. 

Medul'la  Spina'lis,  JEon,  Notias'us,  Medul' 'la 
vertebra'lis,  Proces'sus  rachidiu'nus,  Sacra  fis'- 
tula,  Spinal  prolan ga'tion,  Ver'tebral  marrow. 
Spinal  cord,  Nervous  system  of  voluntary  mo- 
tion and  tactile  impression  (Gall,)  Spinal 
marrow,  Medul'la  dor sa' lis,  (F.)  Mo'elle  epi- 
niere,  Mo'elle  verlcbrale,  called  by  Chaussier. 
Prolongement  rarhidien  of  the  encephalon,  is 
the  continuation  of  the  medulla  oblongata.  It 
commences  at  the  foramen  magnum  of  the  oc- 
cipital bone,  and  descends  in  the  vertebral  ca- 
nal as  low  as  the  2d  lumbar  vertebra,  without 
filling  it;  presenting,  in  its  course,  several  evi- 
dent enlargements.  It  is  grooved,  on  both  its 
anterior  and  posterior  surfaces,  by  a  furrow, 
which  divides  it,  in  its  whole  length,  into  two 
great  nervous  cords,  intimately  united  with 
each  other.  It  terminates  by  an  oval  tubercle, 
whence  a  number  of  nerves  set  out,  called 
Cauda  equi'na,  (F.)  Queue  de  chcvul,  from  its 
resemblance  to  a  horse's  tail.  The  spina]  mar- 
row has  no  analogy,  as  regards  its  structure, 
with  the  marrow  of  long  bones.  It  is  formed 
of  two  substances;  one  white,  the  other  gray, 
presenting  an  inverse  arrangement  to  that 
which  they  have  in  the  brain,  the  white  bein? 
external,  the  cineritious  at  the  centre.  It  is 
enveloped  by  a  yellowish,  fibrous  membrane, 
very  resisting,  which  seems  to  be  continued  in- 
sensibly from  the  pia  mater,  and  by  two  other 
membranes,  which  are  merely  prolongations  of 
the  arachnoid  and  dura  mater.     See  Nerve. 

Medulla  Vertebralis,  M.  spinalis. 

MEDULLA,  Sperm. 

MED'ULLARY,  Medullu'ris,  from  medulla, 
'marrow.'  Relating  to  the  marrow  or  analo- 
gous to  marrow. 

Medullarv  Ar'tekies.  The  arteries,  which 
enter  bones  and  pass  to  the  marrow. 

Medullary  Juice,  Marrow — m.  Sarcoma. 
Haematodes  fungus. 

Medullary  Membrane,  Pcrios'leum  Inter'- 
num.  A  vascular,  areolar  web  of  extreme  te- 
nuity, which  envelops  the  marrow  and  lines 
the  inner  surface  of  the  medullary  canal  of  the 
long   bones.    This   membrane  has   been   con- 


MEDULLARY  SYSTEM 


474 


MELANCHOLIC 


sidered  as  a  species  of  internal  periosteum  of 
those  bones.  It  has  numerous  vessels,  which 
bury  themselves  in  the  thickness  of  the  mar- 
row; and  others  which  nourish  the  innermost 
plates  of  the  bone. 

Medullary  System.  Bichat  gives  this  name 
to  the  marrow  and  its  membranes.  He  distin- 
guishes two  species  of  medullary  systems;  the 
one  occupies  the  cellular  tissue  at  the  extremi- 
ties of  the  long  bones  and  that  of  the  flat  and 
short  bones;  the  other  is  found  merely  in  the 
central  canal  of  long  bones. 

Medullary  Tumour  of  the  Lungs,  Phthi- 
sis, cancerous. 

MEGALANTHROPOGEN'ESIS,  from  fu- 
y«c,  'great,'  aiSsiu)7ro?,'man,'  and  yi  isffic,'  birth.' 
A  term  used  by  a  French  physician,  named 
Robert,  to  designate  the  art  of  procreating  great 
men;  men  of  mind  ;  men  of  genius.  He  con- 
sidered that  they  may  be  perpetuated  by  always 
taking  care  to  have  talented  men  united  to 
clever  women  ! 

MEGALOCOEL1A,  Intestine,  great,  Mega- 
losphinchnia. 

MEGALOPHO'NIA,  from  myuc,  (jtsyaXn, 
'  great,'  and  tpoirn,  '  voice.'  A  full, strong  voice. 
°MEGALOPHTHAL'MUS;  from  puyas,  pe- 
yuX>},  'great,'  and  oq&xXpto?,  'the  eye.'  A  con- 
genital deformity,  in  which  the  eye  is  inordi- 
nately large. 

M E  G  A  LOSP  L  A  N  C H' NOS,  Megalosplanch, 
mis ,  from  uiyoXoe,  'great,'  and  crnXayxvov,  'a 
viscus  '  Meguloco/lia.  Hippocrates  applies  the 
epithet  to  those  in  whom  a  viscus,  or  the  vis- 
cera  are  tumid.  Some  have  used  the  substan- 
tive Megnlosplilnchnia,  for  the  tumour  itself. 

MEGA  LOS PLENIA,  Splenoncus. 

MEGETHOS,  Stature. 

MEGRIM.  Hemicrania. 

M  EIDO'MIU S,  GLANDS  OF,  Follicles of  M., 
Palpebral  Fol 'lid cs.  Cil'iary  F.,  G Ian' duke  se- 
ha'ctse  cilia'res  vel  Meihomianse,  (F.)  Follieules 
palpebrauz  ou  ciliares,  Glundes  de  Meibomius. 
Small,  sebaceous  follicles,  called  after  Henry 
Meibomius,  although  known  long  before  his 
description  of  them.  They  are  situate  in  special 
grooves  in  the  tarsal  cartilages;  and  are  ranged 
by  the  side  of  each  other,  in  the  form  of  yel- 
lowish, parallel,  and  vertical  lines;  sometimes 
straight.,  at  others,  tortuous.  They  may  be  seen 
at  the  inner  surface  of  the  eyelids,  through  the 
conjunctiva,  and  secrete  a  sebaceous  humour, 
[filled  Lippitu'do,  Gum.  (F.)  Chassic. 

M  E  1  O '  S I S,  I m minu'tio,  Minulhe'sis,  from 
//eiow,  '  I  lessen.'  The  period  of  a  disease,  in 
which  the  symptoms  begin  to  diminish; — the 
decline. 

MEIUROS,  Decurtatus,  Myurus. 

MEL,  Melt,  Mliacum,  Honey,  (F.)  Miel.  A 
substance  of  a  mucoso-saccharine  nature,  pre- 
pared by  the  Apis  mellijica,  or  common  bee, 
which  collects  it  from  the  nectaries  of  flowers. 
Honey  is  employed  as  aliment,  condiment,  and 
medicine.  It  is  demulcent  and  aperient;  and 
is  employed  as  an  adjunct  to  gargles  in  cy- 
nanche  tonsillaris,  &c.  It  is,  at  times,  used  as 
a  detergent  to  foul  ulcers.  Virgin  Honey,  (F.) 
Mid  vierge,  is  that  which  flows  from  the  wax 
spontaneously. 

Hill's  Balsam  of  Honey  is  formed  of  bal- 
sam, tolu.  Itej,  honey,  fcj,  rectified  spirit,  one  gal- 
lon. It  was  long  a  celebrated  empirical  pec- 
toral. 


Mel  Acetatum,  Oxymel — m.  ^gyptiacum, 
^Egyptiacum — m.  Aeriuin,  Fra.xinus  ornus. 

Mel  Boua'cis,  Met  subbora'cis,  Colluto'rium 
adstrin'gens,  Lin: men' turn  de  Bora'le,  L.  ad 
apkthas,  Mel  Boraxa'tum,  Linctus  de  Bora'cl,  L. 
ad  a p htb as.  Honey  of  Borux.  (Boracis  contrit. 
3J,  mellis  dcspumati.$i,M.  Pit.  L.)  Detergent. 
Applied  to  the  mouth  in  aphthous  affections. 

Mel  Cann/e,  Saccharum  fnon  purificatum) — 
m.  Coctum,  Pelicide. 

Mel  Despuma'tum,  Clar'ifted  Honey,  Ann- 
pltroin'eli,  (F.)  Miel clarifie.  Melt  the  honey  in 
a  water  bath,  and  remove  the  scum.  Uses  the 
same  as  honey,  (q.  v.) 

Mel  Prjepara'tum,  Prepared  Honey.  (Mel. 
despumat.  Oss  Alcohol,  ditut.  Oj.  Creix  prsepa- 
rat.  gss.  To  the  honey  and  diluted  alcohol, 
mixed,  add  the  prepared  chalk,  and  let  the  mix- 
ture stand  for  two  hours,  occasionally  stirrinc 
Then  heat  to  ebullition,  filter,  and  by  means  of 
a  water-bath,  evaporate  the  clear  liquor  to  the 
specific  gravity  1.32.    Ph.  U.  S.) 

Mel  Ros/e,  Mel  rosa'tum,  M til i' turn  de  Rosis, 
Honey  of  Roses,  Rhodom'eli,  Rhodostac'ton,  (F.) 
Miel  rosat,  Mellite  de  Roses.  (Rosse  gallic.  %\y 
aquxferv  Oiss.  mellis  despum.  Oij.  Infuse  the 
roses  for  two  hours;  add  the  strained  liquor  to 
the  honey,  and  boil  to  a  proper  consistence  in 
a  water  bath.  Astringent  and  detergent.)  Used 
chiefly  in  gargles  and  washes  for  aphthae.  &c. 

Mel  Scill^;,  Oxymel  scillae — m.  Scilia;  com- 
positum,  Syrupus  scillas  compositus. 

Honey  Water  is  a  mixture  of  essences  co- 
loured with  saffron.  A  little  honey  is  added  to 
communicate  a  clamminess;  the  effect  of  which 
is  to  make  it  retain  the  scent  the  longer.  It  is 
used  as  a  scent. 

MELiE'NA,  Mclanorrha"gia,  MilanchU'rus, 
Melanic' tcrus ,  Mclas  Ic'terus,  from  ^(/.ac,  'black.' 
The  Black  Vomit;  the  Black  Jaundice,  Morbus 
niger.  (F.)  Mala  die  noire,  Meline,  Ictere  noire. 
A  name  given  to  vomiting  of  black  mutter,  or- 
dinarily succeeded  by  evacuations  of  the  same 
character.  It  seems  to  be  often  a  variety  of 
hsematemesis.  The  Black  Vomit  in  yellow  fever 
is  owing  to  a  morbid  secretion  from  the  lining 
membrane  of  the  stomach  and  small  intestine. 
Melaena  also  signifies  hemorrhage  from  the  in- 
testines. 

Mel2ENa  Fungosa  Carcinodes,  Haematodes 
fungus. 

MELALEU'CA  CAJAPUT1.  This  plant  af- 
fords the  Cajeput  Oil  (see  Cajeput.)  The 
leaves  are  esteemed  diuretic,  stomachic,  and 
emmenagogue. 

MELAMPHYLLUM,  Acanthus  mollis. 

MELAM  PODIUM,  Helleborus  niger. 

MEL' AN  AGOG  U  E,Mdanago'gus,  from  uiXac, 
'  black,'  and  ayio,  'I  expel.'  A  medicine  which 
the  ancients  believed  adapted  for  expelling 
black  bile  or  melancholy. 

MELANCHLO'ROS,  from  ptxac,  'black,' 
and  x^Xwezc,  'green.'  The  ancients  gave  this 
name  to  certain  dark-coloured  topical  remedies. 
See  Melsena. 

MELANCHOLE.  Atrabilis. 

MELANCHOLIA  FLATUOSA, Hypochon- 
driasis— in.  Nervea,  Hypochondriasis — in.  Sui- 
cidium,  Suicide — in.  Uterina,  Nymphomania. 

MELANCHOL'IC,  Melancholia**,  from  ju«- 
Xag,  'black, '"and  <%oX};,  'bile.'  One  labouring 
under  melancholy.     That  which  belongs  or  re- 


MELANCHOLY 


475 


MELISSA  CALAMINTHA 


latps  to  melancholy.  In  popular  language,  one 
of  a  gloom  v  disposition. 

MEL'ANCHOLY,  Melandu/lia,  same  ety- 
mon. Lypema'nia,  Monoma'nia,  Ecphro'nia 
Melancholia,  Mania  Melanclwl'ira,  Mania  Melan- 
cholia, Tristema'nia,  (F  )  Lypervphrenie,  Milan- 
cohe.  A  disease  supposed,  by  the  ancients,  to 
be  caused  by  black  bile.  A  variety  of  mental 
alienation,  characterized  bv  excessive  gloom, 
mistrust,  and  depression,  with  insanity  on  one 
particular  subject  or  train  of  ideas.  Panophobla, 
Demonomania,  Erotomania,  Nostalgia,  &c,  may 
be  referred  to  this  head. 

Melancholy  is  also  used  for  unusual  gloomi- 
ness of  disposition. 

Melancholy, Erotic,  Erotomania—  m. Love, 
Erotomania. 

MELAN'CHRUS,  from  paac,  'black,  and 
ZQios,  'a  colour.'  One  attacked  with  black 
jaundice.  It  is  probably  an  abbreviation  of 
Melanchloros. 

MRLAjXCOUE,  Melancholy. 
MELANGE  PECTORAL,  Mistura  acidi  hy- 
drocyarrioi. 

MEL' A  NIC,  Mehih'icus,  Melanotic,  Melanot'- 
tens;  from  fitXuc,  'black.'  Of  or  belonging  to 
Melanosis. 

MKLANICTERUS,  Melsena. 
MELANOMYCES.  Melanospono-us. 
MELANOPIPEfl,  Piper  mo-rum! 
MELANORRHAGIA,  Melesna. 
JViELANO'SiS.  Melan'sis.  Mgritu'do,  Card- 
no' ma  mehnofieum,  Black  cancer.  Black  tubercle, 
from  fifXue,  'black.'     An  organic  affection,  in 
which  the  tissue  of  the  parts  is  converted  into 
a  black,   hard,  homogeneous   substance,  near 
which   ulcers  or  cavities  form; — owing  to  the 
softening,  either  of  this  substance  itself,  or  of 
some  other  morbid  tissue, — of  tubercles  espe- 
cially.    This  morbific  change  affects  the  lungs 
particularly;  when  it  is  called  Melanosis  Putmo'- 
num,  Jfigrilu'do  sou   Carcino'ma  melanotficum, 
seu  Milan' sis  Pulmo'num,  (F.)  Mclanose  Pul- 
monale.    It  is,  also,  met  with   in  the  liver  and 
cellular  texture.      Its  causes  are  very  obscure 
The  melanosis  of  the  lungs   constitutes  one  of 
the  species  of  phthisis  of  Bay le;  but  it  is  im- 
possible to  distinguish  it  from  the  other  species 
during  life. 
Melanosis  Pulmonum,  see  Melanosis. 
M  E  L  A  N  O  S  .VI  EG  VI A ,  see  Sa  po. 
MELANOSPON'GUS,  Melonomyr.es;    from 
ptX-Jc.   'black,'   and    anoyyoq,    'spono-e.'      The 
tuberiform  variety  of  melanosis  of  the  lungs. 
MELANOTIC,  Melanic. 
MELANSIS,  Melanosis — in.  Pulmonum,  Me- 
lanosis pulmonum. 
MELANTHICJM,  Nigella. 
MELAS.  Lepra  nigricans. 
MELAS'MA,  Eccltymo'ma  Melas'ma,  Nigror, 
from  fithag,  'black.'     A  black  spot  or  ecchy mo- 
sis,  occurring  on  the   lower  extremities  of  old 
people  especially.      Also,  a  cutaneous  affection 
analogous   to  chloasma,  differing  from   it  only 
in  the  darker  colour  of  the  morbid  pigment.     It 
is  called  also  Pityriasis  nigra. 

MELAS'SES,  Molus'ses,  Mclus'tum,  Theriara 
eommu'nis,  Syru'pus  emphysemat'icus,  Treacle. 
The  syrup,  which  remains  after  the  juice  of  the 
sugar  cane  has  been  subjected  to  all  the  opera- 
tions for  extracting  sugar  from  it.  In  the 
Uniied  States,  the  syrup,  made  in  the  process 
of  forming  common  sugar,  is  called  melasses,- 


[that  remaining  after  the  refinement  of  sugar 
being  termed  sugar-house  melasses  or  treacle. 
Melasses  Spirit,  Rum. 
MELATROPH'IA,  from  pttloe,  'a  limb,'  and 
«Tgo</)ia,  '  wasting.'     Wasting  of  the  limbs. 

MELCA,  fctXxa.    Food  made  of  acidulated 
milk. 
MELE,  Specillum. 
MELEA,  Pyrus  malus. 
MELEGUETTA,  Amomum  grana  paradisi. 
MELEI'OS,  pyXc io?,  Melinus,  Melias.     A  spe- 
cies of  alum  found  in  the  island  Melos. 
MELEZE.  Pinus  larix. 
MEL1A,  Fraxinus  ornus. 
Me'lia   Azed'arach,  Azedara'cha  amvena, 
Poison  Berry  Tree,  Aztd'arach,  Pride  of  India, 
Pride  of  China,  Pride  tree,  Hoop  tree,  Bead  tree. 
Nat.  Ord.  Meliacese;  Sex.  Syst.  Decandria  Mo- 
nogynia.     The  bark  of  the  root— called  in  India 
JYeem  Bark,  Azedarach—{?h.  U.  S.)— is  usually 
given  in  decoction,  in  the  proportion  of  3  or  4 
ounces  of  the  bark  of  the  fresh  root  to  a  quart 
of  water,  boiled  down  to  a  pint.    The  dose  is 
one  or  two  table-spoonfuls,  every  two  or  three 
hours,  till  free  purging  is  induced.     It  is  given 
in  this  manner  as  an  anthelmintic.    It  is  Jome- 
[  times  formed   into  an   ointment,  and  used  in 
tinea  capitis.     The  tree  is  a  native  of  Syria, 
Persia,  and  the  north  of  India,  and  is  abundant 
in  the  southern  states. 
Melia  Terra,  Creta. 
MELICER1A,  Hydrartbrus. 
MELICE'RIS,  Melifa'vium,  from  utXt,  'ho- 
ney,'   and    K>tQog,   '  wax.'     Empht/ma   encys'lis 
me/ice'ris.     An  encysted  tumour,  filled  with  a 
substance  resembling  honey. 
MELICRATUM,  Hydromeli. 
MELIFAV1UM,  Meliceris. 
MELIGEI'ON,  from  ium,  'honey.*     A  fetid 
humour, of  the  consistence  of  honey,  discharged 
from  ulcers,  accompanied  with  caries  of  a  bo'ue. 
M/iLILOT,  Trifolium  melilotus. 
MELILOTUS,  Trifolium  melilotus. 
MELIME'LUM,  from  ptXt,  'honey,'  and 
mjXar,  '  an  apple.'     A  name  given  to  two  corn- 
pounds: — one  of  honey  and  quince,  the  other 
of  honey  and  apples. 
MELI.YE,  Melsena. 

MELINI  SULPHAS,  Cadmii  sulphas. 
MELINUM,  iit,Xnov.     The  ancient  name  of 
an  ointment,  and  of  several  plasters,  described 
by  Dioscoriden  and  Galen:  so  called  from  their 
resembling  the  piijXov,  or  quince,  in  colour. 
Melinum  Sulphuricum,  Cadmii  sulphas. 
MELINUS,  Meleios. 

MELIS'SA,  from  pith/ora,  'a  bee,'  (q.  v.)  be- 
cause bees  gather  honey  from  it.  Melissa  ofji- 
cina'lis,  Cilra'go.  Cilia' ria,  Melilei'a,  Melissot)'- 
otos,  Melitx'na.  MtlissaboVanum,  Melis'sa  citra'- 
ta,  Melissophyl'lum,  Mdit'tis,  Cedronrl'la,  Api- 
as'lrum,  Melissa  cil'rina,  Ero'tion,  Balm,  (F.) 
Mclisse,  La  Ci/ronnclk,-  JYut.  Ord.  Labiatee. 
The  leaves  of  balm,  Melissa,  (Ph.  U.  S.)  have  :i 
pleasant  odour;  and  an  austere  and  aromatic 
taste.  It  was  formerly  much  used  in  nervous 
diseases,  but  is  now  only  employed  wHen  made 
into  a  tea,  as  a  diluent,  in  febrile  affections. 
It  is  the  basis  of  a  celebrated  preparation,— the 
Eatt  dis  Cannes,  (q.  v.) 

Melissa  Calamin'tha,  Calamin' tha,  C.  vvi- 
ga'ris,  C.  officina'rvm,  Cui'aminl,  (F.)  Calament. 
This  plant  smells  like  wild  mint,  though  more 
agreeably.     It  is  used,  popularly,  as  a  tea  in 


MELISSA  GRANDIFLOKA 


476 


MEMBRANA  ABDOMINIS 


dyspepsia;  flatulent  colic ;  hysteria;  uterine  ob- 
structions, &c. 

Melissa  Grandiflo'ra,  Calamin'tka  magno 
florS,  C.  monta'na,  Mountain  Cal'amint-  This 
plant  resembles  the  last  in  virtues. 

Melissa  Humilis,  Melittis  melissopbyllum. 

Melissa  Nep'eta,  Crtlamin'tha  An'glica,  C. 
Puli'gii  odo'rS,  Nep'eta  agres'tis,  Field  Cal'- 
amint, Spotted  Cal'amint.  Formerly  used  as  an 
aromatic. 

Melissa  Puleoioides,  Hedeoma — m.  Tur- 
cica, Dracocephalum  Canariense. 

MtiLlSSE  DESBOIS,Me\\U\s  melissophyl- 
lum— m.  de  Moldavie,  Dracocephalum  Canari- 
ense. 

MELISSOBOTANUM.  Melissa. 

MELTSSOBOTOS,  Melissa. 

MELISSOPHYLLUM,  Melissa,  Melittis  rne- 
liasophyllum. 

MELISSOT,  Melittis  melissopbyllum. 

MELIT^ENA,  Melissa, 

MtiLlTAGRE,  Impetigo, 

MELITEIA,  Melissa. 

MELITHOCORTON,  Corallina  Corsicana. 

MELITITES,  Hydromeli. 

MEL1TTA,  Bee. 

MEL1TTJS,  Melissa. 

Melittis  Melissophyl'lum,  Lamium  mon- 
ta'num,  Melissa  hu' mills,  Melissophyl'lum,  Bas- 
tard Balm,  (F.)  Melisse  des  Bois,  Melissot.  This 
plant  was  formerly  employed,  like  the  balm,  in 
uterine  obstructions. 

MELITURIA,  Urine,  diabetic,  see  Diabetes. 

MELIZO'MUM,  from  fieXi,  'honey,*  and 
twfiog,  'broth,'  Mead,  Melli'ita,  Metheg'lin.  A 
drink  prepared  with  honey. 

MELLA'GO,  from  met,  'honey.'  Any  me- 
dicine having  the  consistence  of  honey. 

MELLINA,  Melizomum. 

MELLITE  DE  ROSES,  Mel  rosse. 

MELLI'TUM,  from  mel,  'honey.'  A  pre- 
pared honey: — a  medicated  honey. 

Mellitum  de  Acetate  Cupr),  Linimentum 
^Eruginis. 

Mellitum  de  Mercuria'li  Compos'itum, 
(F.)  Mt'el  de  mercuriale  compose,  Syrop  de  longue 
vie.  (Slice-  purif.  mercurialis  lbij,  boraginis,  an- 
chusse  officinalis,  aa  Ibss,  iris  psevdacori  radicis 
recent,  gij,  rad.  sice,  gentianse  £j,  mellis  Ibiij, 
vini  albi .  Sxiij.  Macerate  the  bruised  roots  in 
the  wine,  for  24  hours;  strain;  mix  the  juices 
and  honey  ;  boil  slightly,  and  filter:  then  add 
the  two  liquors,  and  boil  to  the  consistence  of 
syrup.  §iss  of  senna  leaves  may  be  added  to 
the  syrup.     PA.  P.)     Cathartic,  stomachic,  &c. 

Mellitum  de  Rosis,  Mel  rosse. 

Mellitum  Simplex,  Syru'pns  de  Melll,  Syrup 
of  Honey.  (Mellis  Ibvj,  aquas  Ibiss,  carbonal. 
calcis.  prseparat.  3>ij.  Mix  the  honey,  water, 
and  carbonate  of  lime  in  a  silver  vessel:  boil 
the  mixture,  stirring,  at  the  same  time,  for  2  or 
3  minutes:  then  add  prepared  animal  charcoal 
"^vytwo  whitesofeggs,  mixed  in  a  pint  of  water. 
Mix  all,  and  boil  to  the  consistence  of  syrup: 
remove  fiom  the  fire;  let  the  syrup  rest  for  15 
minutes,  and  pass  through  a  cloth.  Ph.  P.) 
Demulcent. 

MELO^'MIA,  from  fx^ag,  'black,'  and 
'atpa,  'blood.'  A  stale  of  blood,  characterized 
by  its  incoagulability,  black  colour,  and  septic 
properties. 

MELOCHI'TIS,  Lapis  Armt'nivs,  Annevi'- 
tes,  Arme'n'.cn  Stone.     A  variety  of  blue  carbo- 


nate of  copper.    It  is  found  in  German 
Tyrol,  and  especially  in  Armenia.     It  was  lof- 
merly  employed  as  a  cardiac,  and  as  proper  for 
purging  away  melancholy. 

MEL'OE  NIGER,  M.  Pennsylvan'icus.  A 
blistering  fly,  native  of  the  United  States.  It 
feeds  upon  the  Prunel'la  vulga'ris  or  Self-heal, 
and  Ambro'sia  trifida  or  Slick-weed.  These  flies 
resemble  the  Spanish  flies  in  properties. 

Meloe  Pennsylvanicus,  M.  niger. 

Meloe  Proscarab.s/us,  Cantarel'lus,  was 
anciently  used  as  a  diuretic  and  anti-hydro- 
phobic. 

Meloe  Vesicatorius,  Cantharis. 

MELON,  tn;?.or,  'an  apple.'  A  disorder  of 
the  eye,  in  which  it  protrudes  out  of  the  socket 
See  Exophthalmia. — Castelli. 

Melon,  Cucumis  melo — m.d'Eau,  Cucurbita 
citrullus — m.  Plant,  Cucumis  melo—  m.  Water, 
Cucurbita  citrullus. 

MELONGENA,  Solanum  melongena. 

MELOPLA'CUS,  from  ftrp\w,  'an  apple,'  '; 
quince.'  A  compound  obtained  by  boiling  wine, 
honey,  quince,  pepper,  &c.  together. — Galen. 

MELOPLAS'TlCJl/e/op/fl/^cusrfrorn^^or, 
' the  cheek,'  and  nlaaam,  'I  form.'  The  opera- 
tion for  forming  a  new  cheek  when  any  part  of 
it  has  been  lost. 

MELOS,  fJuloQ,  'Membrnm.'  (q.  v.)  A  mem- 
ber. An  organized  part,  composed  of  other 
parts. — Castelli. 

MELCSIS,  ^iij/iuicic,  from  u^iy,  'a  probe.' 
The  act  of  probing  a  wound,  ulcer,  &c  — Hip- 
pocrates. 

MELOTHRUM,  Bryonia  alba. 

MELO'TIS,  Melo'tris,  Specil'lum  minus.  A 
small  probe, — a  probe  for  the  ear.  See  Apyro- 
mele. 

MELOTRIS,  Melotis. 

MELUSTUM,  Melasses. 

MEMBRANA  ABDOMINIS,  Peritonaeum— 
m.  Adiposa, Cellular  membrane — m. Adventitia, 
Deeidua  reflexa — m.  Agnina,  Amnios — m.  Am- 
phiblestrodes,  Retina — m.  Arachnoidea,  Hya- 
loid membrane — m.Capsularis  testis,  Albuginea 
— m.  Carnosa,  Dartos — m.  Cellulosa,  Cellular 
membrane — m.  Cellulosa,  Deeidua — m  Circu- 
mossalis,  Periosteum — m.  Communis,  Deeidua 

—  m.  Circumflexa,  Pericardium — in.  Cordis, 
Pericardium— m.  Costalis,  Pleura — m.  Costas 
succingens,  Pleura — m.Crassa,  Deeidua  reflexa 
— m.  Cribrosa,  Deeidua — m.  Cuticularis,  Dura 
mater — m.  Deeidua  serotina,  see  Deeidua—  m. 
Demuriana,  see  Aqueous  humour  and  Cornea— 
m.  Dermatodes,  Dura  mater — m.  Descemetii, 
see  Aqueous  humour  and  Cornea — m.  Diaphrat- 
ton,  Mediastinum  — m.  Dura  cerebrum  ambiens, 
Dura  mater — m.  Epicrania,  Galea  aponeurotic;! 
capitis — m.  Farciminalis,  Allantois—  m.  Fila- 
mentosa,  Deeidua  reflexa — m.  Flocculenta,  De- 
eidua— m.  Feetum  involvens,  Amnios — in.  In- 
terspinal, Interspinal  ligament — m. Intestinal^ 
Allantois — m.  Lingua?,  see  Tongue — m.  Maci- 
lentior,  Epiploon,  gastro-hepatic— m.  Mucosa, 
Deeidua— m.  Nervorum,  Neurilema — m  Nicii- 
tans,  Valvula  semilunaris — m.Olfactoria,  Pitoi- 
tary  membrane — in.  Ossis,  Periosteum — m.  Ovi 
materna,  Deeidua— m.  Pellucida,  Amnios— in 
Pinguedinosa,  Cellular  membrane — m.  Pitaita- 
ria,  Pituitary  membrane — m.  Pleuretica,  Plema 
— no.  Prffiexistens,  Deeidua — m.  Papillaris,  Pu- 
pillary membrane — m.  Propria,  see  Cortex  ovi 

—  m.  Retiforinis   chorii,   Deeidua   reflexa— m. 


MEM  BRAN  A  VERSICOLOR 


477 


MEMBRANIFORM 


Ruyschiana,  Choroid  (inner  layer) — m.  Rmjs- 
:hitnne,  Choroid  (inner  layer) —m.  Semipellu- 
cida,  Caligo — m.  Sinuosa,  Decidua — m.  Sub- 
costalis,  Pleura — m.  Succingens,  Diaphracm 
— m.  Succingens,  Pleura — m.  Thoracem  inter- 
sepiens,  Mediastinum — m.  Tympani,  see  Tym- 
panum— re.  Tympani  secundaria,  see  Fenestra 
— m.  Urinaria,  Allantois — m.  Uteri  interna  evo- 
!uta,  Decidua — m>  Vasculosa  cerebri,  Pia  mater 
— m.  Verricularis,  Retina, 

Membra'na  Versic'olor.  A  peculiar  mem- 
brane—according to  Mr.  FieldiRg,  of  Hull — 
situate  immediately  behind  the  retina,  and  in 
connexion  with  it.  It  is  separable  into  distinct 
layers  from  the  choroid,  and  is  supplied  with 
blood-vessels. 

Mem  br  ana  Waciiendorfiana,  Pupillary 
membrane. 

MEMBRANE,  Membra'na,  Hymen,  Meninx, 
Epen'dytna.  A  name,  given  to  different  thin 
organs,  representing  species  of  supple,  more  or 
less  elastic,  webs;  varying  in  their  structure 
and  vital  properties,  and  intended,  in  general, 
to  exhale,  absorb,  or  secrete  certain  fluids;  and 
to  separate,  envelop,  and  form  other  organs. 
JJichat  has  divided  the  membranes  into  simple 
and  compound. 

Simple  Membranes  comprise  three  orders.  1. 
The  Mucous  Membranes,  Membranes  folliculeuses 
(Ch.,)  so  called,  on  account  of  the  mucous 
fluid  by  which  they  are  constantly  lubricated. 
They  line  the  canals,  cavities,  and  hollow  or- 
gans, which  communicate  externally,  by  dif- 
ferent apertures  on  the  skin.  Bichat  refers  the 
mucous  membranes  to  two  great  divisions — 
the  gaslro-pulmonary,  and  the  genitourinary. 
The  mxicous  membranes  have  a  striking  analo- 
gy with  the  cutaneous  tissue,  in  organization, 
functions,  and  diseases.  They  are  composed  of 
chorion,  papillae,  and  epidermis;  and  are  fur- 
nished with  a  multitude  of  follicles,  which  se- 
crete a  viscid  humour; — mucus.  They  receive 
a  quantity  of  arterial  vessels,  veins,  lymphatics, 
and  nerves.  2.  The  Serous  Membranes,  Mi  ml- 
leuses  simples,  (Ch.)  are  transparent,  thin,  and 
composed  of  one  lamina.  One  suiface  adheres 
to  other  textures;  the  other  is  smooth,  polished, 
and  moistened  by  a  serous  fluid.  They  are  ar- 
ranged—in the  form  of  sacs  without  apertures 
— as  great,  intermediate  reservoirs  for  the  ex- 
halant  and  absorbent  systems,  and  in  which  the 
serous  fluid  in  passing  from  the  one  system  tar- 
ries some  time  before  it  enters  the  other.  The 
serous  membranes  resemble  the  cellular  mem- 
brane in  structure  and  diseases.  They  facili- 
tate the  motion  of  the  organs,  which  they  enve- 
lop, on  each  other.  They  may  be  divided  into, 
1.  Serous  membranes,  properly  so  called;  as  the 
arachnoid,  pleura,  peritoneum,  and  tunica  va- 
ginalis. 2.  Synovial  membranes  or  Capsules; 
which  belong  to  joints,  tendons,  aponeuroses, 
&c.  3.  Fibrous  Membranes,  Membranes  albugi- 
ncuses  (Ch.)  These  are  almost  all  continuous, 
and  terminate  at  the  periosteum — their  com- 
mon centre.  They  have  been  divided  into  two 
sections.  1.  Enveloping  aponeuroses,  Aponeu- 
roses of  insertion,  Fibrous  capsules  of  the  joints, 
and  Fibrous  sheaths  of  tendons.  2  The  Peri- 
osteum, Dura  mater,  Sclerotica,  Tunica  albugi- 
nea tistis,  Fibrous  membrane  of  the  spleen,  &c. 
The  fibrous  membranes  are  not  free  or  moist- 
ened by  any  particular  fluid.  They  adhere  by 
Loth  surfaces  to  the  neighbouring  parts;   are 


firm,  resisting,  but  slightly  elastic,  and  of  & 
white  colour;  sometimes  pearly  and  glistening. 
They  are  chiefly  composed  of  the  albugineous 
fibre,  (see  Albugineous  and  Fibrous.)  Their 
vessels  ate  numerous,  in  some,  as  in  the  dura 
mater  and  periosteum:  in  others,  scarcely  per- 
ceptible, as  in  the  aponeuroses.  The  presence  of 
nerves  has  never  been  proved,  although  seve- 
ral circumstances,  regarding  their  sensibility, 
render  their  existence  probable.  The  fibrous 
membranes  serve,  in  general,  to  augment  the 
solidity  of  the  organs  which  they  envelop;  to 
retain  the  muscles  in  their  respective  positions: 
to  favour  the  motion  of  the  limbs,  and  that  of 
the  muscles  and  skin;  to  form  canals  and  rings 
for  the  passage  of  different  organs,  &c. 

Bichat  admits  three  species  of  Compound 
Membranes.  1.  The  Sero-fibrous,  formed  of  a 
serous  and  fibrous  lamina,  intimately  adherent 
to  each  other; — as  the  pericardium,  dura  mater, 
and  tunica  albuginea.  2.  The  Scro-mucous7 
formed  of  a  serous  and  mucous  lamina; — as  the 
gall-bladder  at  its  lower  part.  3.  The  Fibro- 
mucous,  constituted  of  the  union  of  a  fibrous  and 
mucous  membrane;  as  the  mucous  membrane  of 
the  nasal  fossse,  gums,  &c.  Chaussier  admits 
six  kinds  of  membranes.  1.  The  laminated. 
See  Cellular  Tissue.  2.  The  serous  or  simple 
villous:  3.  The  follicular  or  complicated  villous: 
4.  The  muscular  or  fleshy:  5.  The  albugineous : 
6.  The  cdbuminous. 

Membrane,  Accidental,  M.  false — m.  Acci- 
dentclle,  M.  false — m.  Adnce,  Conjunctiva — to. 
Adventitious,  M.  false — m.  Anhistous,  Decidua 
— m.  Caduque,  Decidua — to.  Caduque  rificchie, 
Decidua  reflexa — m.  de  Demours,  see  Aqueous 
Humour,  and  Cornea — m.  de  Descemet,see  Aque- 
ous Humour  and  Cornea. 

Membrane,  False,  Accidental  membrane, 
Advent  it"  ious  membrane,  Fseudo-Mtmbrane, 
Pseud' ymen,  Pseudomen'inx,  (F.)  Fausse  mem- 
brane, M.  accidentelle.  Membranous  productions 
are  so  called,  which  form  on  all  the  free,  natu- 
ral surfaces,  and  on  every  free,  accidental  sur- 
face. They  are,  in  general,  produced  by  the 
exudation  of  a  fibrinous  matter,  susceptible  of 
organization,  which  takes  place  in  consequence 
of  inflammation  of  the  various  tissues.  These 
accidental  membranes  occur  on  the  skin  after 
the  application  of  a  blister;  on  mucous  sur- 
faces, as  in  croup;  on  the  parietes  of  inflamed 
veins  and  arteries,  &c.  The  cicatrices  of 
wounds  are  formed  of  them. 

MEMBRANE  FJ1USSE,  Membrane  false— 
m.  Germinal,  see  Molecule — m.  Pseudo,  M.  false 
— m.  Ruyschienne,  Choroid  (inner  layer,)  Ruys- 
chiana  tunica — m.du  Tympan,  see  Tympanum. 

MEMBRANES  ALBVGINEUSES,  Mem- 
branes, fibrous,  see  Albuginea — m.  Folliculeuses, 
Membranes,  mucous  —  in.  Veloutees,  Villous 
membranes — m.  Villeuses  sirnples,  Membranes, 
serous. 

Membranes  of  the  Fcetus,  Membra'nx  fee- 
turn  involven'tes.  The  membranes  which  im- 
mediately envelop  the  foetus,  in  the  cavity  of 
the  uterus,  and  the  rupture  of  which  gives  rise 
to  the  discharge  of  the  liquor  amnii.  These 
membranes  are  the  decidua,  chorion,  and  am- 
nion, (q.  v.) 

MEMBRANEUX,  Membranous. 

MEM'BRANIFORM,  Membraniform'is,  from 
mtmbrana,  and  forma;  —  resembling   a  mem- 


MEMBRANIFORM  MUSCLES 


478 


MENORRHAGIA 


brane.  A  name  given  to  thin  and  flat  parts, 
which  resemble  membranes. 

Membraniform  Muscles.  Very  broad  and 
thin  muscles,  as  the  platysma  myoides,  obliquus 
abdominis,  &c. 

MEMBRANOSUS,  Fascia  lata  muscle. 

MEM'BRANOUS,  Membrano'sus,  Hymeno'- 
dcs,  (F.)  Membraneux.  Having  the  nature  of 
membrane.     Formed  of  membrane. 

MEMBRANULA  CORONA  CILIARIS,  see 
Ciliary — m.  Lunata  vaginae,  Hymen — m.  Ner- 
vorum, Neurilema. 

MEMBRE,  Membrum— m.  Viril,  Penis. 

MEMBRO'SUS,  Membro'sior,  Mentula'tus, 
Mutonia'lus,  JVasa'tus,  valdl  Mentula'tus,  Psolon, 
from  membrum,  '  the  male  organ.'  One  whose 
penis  is  verv  large. 

MEMBRUM,  Artus,  Melos,  Colon,  a  limb,  a 
member,  (F.)  Membre.  The  limbs  or  extremities 
or  members  of  animals  are  certain  parts,  exte- 
rior to  the  body,  which  are  more  or  less  appa- 
rent, long,  and  movable.  It  is  by  means  of  their 
limbs,  that  animals  transport  themselves  from 
one  place  to  another;  and  that  they  defend 
themselves,  or  attack  others.  The  limbs  are 
arranged  on  each  side  of  the  trunk,  with  which 
they  are  articulated.  In  man,  they  are  four  in 
number; — twontpper  or  thoracic,  and  two  loxccr, 
pelvic  or  abdominal.     Also,  the  male  organ. 

Membrum  Muliebre,  Clitoris  —  m.  Virile, 
Penis. 

ME'MGIRE,  Memory— m.  Perte  de,  Amnesia. 

MEMOR1A  DELETA,  Amnesia. 

MEM'OR Y,  Memo'ria,  Mnerne,  (F.)  Memoir e. 
The  cerebral  faculty,  by  virtue  of  which  past 
impressions  are  recalled  to  the  mind. 

MEMPHl'TES  LAPIS.  A  sort  of  stone, 
found  in  the  environs  of  Memphis;  which  was 
formerly  esteemed  narcotic. 

MEiNAGOGUES,  Emmenagogues. 

MENDESION,  iEgyptiacum. 

MENE,  Moon. 

MENECRATIS  ACCIPITER,  Accipiter. 

MEJVESPjIUSIE,  see  Menses. 

MENFRIGE,  see  Pistacia  lentiscus. 

MENINGE,  Dura  mater. 

MEJVINGE',  Meningeal. 

MENINGE'AL,  Meningx'us,  from  jtijriyl,  'a 
membrane.'  (F.)  Mininge.  Relating  to  the 
meninges,  or  merely  to  the  dura  mater. 

Meningeal  Artery,  Middle,  Arte'ria  menin- 
gse'a  me'dia,  A.  S/ihasno-spino'sa,  A.  Durse  Matris 
me'dia  max'ima,  A.  Spheeno-spina! lis,  Spinal  Ar'- 
tery,  (F.)  Artire  meningee  moyenne,  A.  Spheno- 
cpineuse,  A.  tipineuse,  is  the  largest  of  the 
branches  given  off  by  the  internal  maxillary 
artery.  It  enters  the  cranium  by  the  foramen 
spinale,  and  distributes  its  branches  chiefly  to 
the  dura  mater. 

MENIN'GES,  Eilam'idcs,  Matres  Cer'ebri, 
Omcn'ta,  from  ^ijrty!;, '  a  membrane.'  The  three 
membranes  which  envelop  the  brain  —  Dura 
mater.  Arachnoid,  and  Pia  mater,  (q.  v.) 

M&JWNGETTE,  Pia  mater. 

M£JVING  INE.  Same  etymon.  A  name 
given  by  Chaussier  to  the  pia  mater,  united  to 
the  cerebral  layer  of  the  arachnoid. 

Meningine,  Inner  Lamina  of  the, Pia  mater. 

MENINGION,  Arachnoid  membrane. 

MENINGIS  CUSTOS,  Meningophylax. 

MEjVINGITE,  Meningitis — m.  Granuleuse, 
Hydrocephalus  internus — m.  Tuberculeuse,  Hy- 
drocephalus internus. 


MENINGITIS,  (F.)  Inflammation  de  la  mem- 
brane sireuse  cdphalo-rachidienne,  Meningitt. 
Inflammation  of  the  meninges  or  membranes 
of  the  brain.     See  Phrenitis. 

Meningitis  Potatorum, Delirium  tremens — 
m.  Rachidian,  M.  spinal. 

Meningitis,  Spinal,  M.  Rachidian.  Inflam- 
mation of  the  meninges  of  the  spinal  marrow. 

Meningitis,  Tubercular,  see  Hydrocepha- 
lus internus — m.  Tuberculosa,  Hydrocephalus 
internus. 

MENINGO-CEPHALFTIS,  Meningo-ence- 
phali'tis,  Ceph' alo-meningi'tis,  from  ^viyjj,  'a 
membrane,'  xt<paXij,  'head,'  and  itis,  a  suffix 
denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the 
membranes  and  brain. 

M  E  N I N  G  O  P  H'  Y  L  A  X ,  Custos  menin'gis, 
Depresso'rium,  (F.)  Deprcssoire,  from  (irtviy%,  'a 
membrane,'  the  dura  mater;  and  ipvZa^,  'a  pre- 
server.' An  instrument  for  depressing  the  dura 
mater,  and  guarding  it  from  injury,  whilst  the 
bone  is  cut  or  rasped. 

MENINGO'SIS.  Same  etymon.  The  union 
of  bones  by  means  of  membrane;  e.  g.  the  arti- 
culation of  the  bones  of  the  cranium  in  the  foetus. 
Meningosis  is  a  variety  of  Syndesmosis. 

MENINX,  Membrane— m.  Choroides,  Pia 
mater — m.  Crassa,  Dura  mater — m.  Dura,  Dura 
mater — m.  Exterior,  Dura  mater — m.  Interior, 
Pia  mater — m.  Media,  Arachnoid  membrane — 
m.  Pacheia,Dura  mater — m.  Sclera,  Dura_mater. 

MENISPERM'UM  CANADEN'SE,  from 
Htjvti,  'the  moon,' and  a-ntQua,  'seed.'  A  climb- 
ing plant,  growing  in  various  parts  of  the  United 
States.  Said  to  be  used  in  Virginia  as  a  substi- 
tute for  sarsaparilla  in  scrofula.  It  is  an  exci- 
tant tonic. 

Menisper'mum  Coc'culus,so  called  from  the 
shape  of  its  seed.  Family,  Menispermese.  Sex. 
Syst.  Dicecia  Dodecandria.  The  systematic 
name  of  the  plant,  the  berries  of  which  are  well 
known  by  the  name  of  Coc' cuius  Fn'dicus,  Indian 
Berries,  Baccae  Piscato'rise,  Coc' cuius  subero'sus, 
Indian  Cockles,  Coccus  In'dicus,  Cocculx  offici- 
na'rum,  Cocci  orienta'les,  Gratia  Oricn'tis,  (F.) 
Cogue  du  Levant,  Coque  levant.  These  berries 
are  remarkable  for  their  inebriating  and  de- 
structive quality  to  fish.  The  deleterious  prin- 
ciple appears  to  reside  in  the  kernel,  and  in 
the  active  principle  called  Picrotox'ine.  Coc- 
culus  Indicus  has  been  used  in  decoction  to 
kill  vermin.  It  has,  at  times,  been  added  to 
beer,  by  fraudulent  tradesmen,  to  render  it  more 
inebriating. 

Menispermum  Palmatum,  Calumba. 

Menisper'mum  Tuberculatum, M.  Verruco'- 
sum,  Corculus  crispus.  A  Chinese  plant,  an 
extract  from  the  root  of  which  is  tonic  to  the 
stomach  and  bowels,  and  possesses  some  astrin- 
gency.     Dose,  5  to  10  grains. 

The  same  may  be  said  of  the  MenisptJ  mwu 
cordifolium — the  Golancha,  of  Bengal. 

Menispermum  Verrucosum,  M.  tubercula- 
tum. 

MENOCRYPHIA,  Amenorrhcea. 

MENOL1FSIS.  see  Menses. 

MENOPAUSIS,  see  Menses. 

MENOPLANIA,  Menstruation,  vicarious. 

MENORRHAGIA,  from /.op,  <ii  month,'  and 
pijyi'iim,'!  flow  fiercely.'  Flow  of  the  menses. 
Frequently,  the  word  is  used  synonymously  with 
uterine  hemorrhage  or  metrorrhagia,  (q.  v.)  or 


MENORRHAGIA 


479 


MENTAL  ARTERY 


for  immoderate  flow  of  the  menses — profuse 
menstruation,  Parame'nia  super' flua,  P.-profu'sa, 
Menorrha'gia  rubra,  Catamenio'rum  fluxus  im- 
mod'icus. 

Menorrh  ag  i  a,  Menstruation,  Metrorrhagia — 
m.  Alba,  Leucorrhoea — m.  Difficilis,  Dysmenor- 
rhea— ni.  Erronea,  Menstruation,  erroneous — 
m    Stillatitia,  Dysmenorrhea. 

MENOSCHESIS,  see  Amenorrhoea. 

MENOSTASIA,  Amenorrhea. 

MENOS'TASIS,  from  ftijv,  '  month,'  and  ara- 
<ric,  'stasis,'  'stagnation.'  This  word,  accord- 
ing to  some,  signifies  the  retention  of  the 
menses  and  their  accumulation  in  the  uterus. 
According  to  others,  it  means  the  acute  pain 
which,  in  some  females,  precedes  each  appear- 
ance of  the  menses:  a  pain  which  has  been  pre- 
sumed to  proceed  from  the  stasis  of  blood  in  the 
capillary  vessels  of  the  uterus. 

MENOXEN'IA,  from  mv,  'a  month,'  and 
leroc,  'foreign.'     Irregular  menstruation. 

MENS,  Anima. 

MENSES,  Atensis,  'a  month;'  31.  AIu lie' ires, 
MuUe'l/ria,  Fluxus  menstruus,  F.  luna'ris,  Pro- 
flu'rium  mulie'brS,  P.  gcnita'le  muliebrS,  Con- 
suetu'do  menstrua,  Catame'  nia,  Aien'strua,  Em- 
me'niu,  Tribuftum  luna'r?.,  Purgatio'nes,  P.  men- 
struse,  Gyncecei'a;  the  Courses,  Menstrual  flux, 
Monthly  courses,  M.  periods,  Flowers,  Turns, 
Terms,  the  Reds,  Troubles,  (F.)  Alois,  Regies, 
Lunes,  FlueurS,  Affaires,  Epoqucs,  Ordinaires, 
Purgations,  Fleurs,  Menstrues.  The  sangui- 
neous evacuation  from  the  uterus,  the  monthly 
occurrence  of  which  constitutes  menstrua  lion, 
(q.  v.)  The  first  appearance  of  the  menses 
is  usually  preceded  by  the  discharge  of  a 
fluid,  whitish  matter  from  the  vagina;  by  ner- 
vous excitement,  and  by  vague  pains  and  hea- 
viness in  the  loins  and  thighs;  numbness  of 
the  limbs,  tumefaction  and  hardness  of  the 
breasts,  &c.  More  br  less  indisposition  and 
irritability,  also,  precede  each  successive  recur 


Paramenia — m.  Devii,  Menstruation,  vicarious 
— m.  Dolorifica?,  Dysmenorrhea — in.  Retention 
of  the,  see  Amenorrhoea — ni.  Suppression  of 
the,  Amenorrhoea. 

MENSTRUA,  Menses — m.  Alba,  Leucor- 
rhoea. 

MENSTRUAL  FLUX,  Menses. 

MENSTRUATIO  ANOMALA,  Paramenia 
— m.  Difficilis,  Dysmenorrhcea — m.  Dolorifica, 
Dysmenorrhea. 

Menstkua'tio  Reciriva.  Menstruation, 
when  protracted  beyond  the  usual  age. 

Menstri/atio  Retentio,  Paramenia — m. 
Suppressa.  Paramenia. 

MENSTRUATION,  Menstrua' tio ,  Ckrono- 
gu'nea,  Menorrhagia,  Fluxus  menstrua' lis.  The 
flow  of  the  menses. 

MENSTRUATION  DIFFICILE,  Dysme- 
norrhcea— m.  Laborious,  Dysmenorrhcea  —  rn. 
Profuse,  Menorrhagia. 

Menstruation,  Vica'rtous,  is  that  which  oc- 
curs from  other  parts  than  the  uterus.  It  is 
called  Paramenia  erro'ris,  Menorrha'gia  erro'- 
nea,  Alensium  per  uliena  loea  excretio,  Menses 
devii,  Aberra'tio  men' sium,  Ha.matopla'nia,  Me- 
nopla'nia.  (F.)  Deciti/ion  des  Regies,  Regies 
devices.  At  times,  the  secreted  fluid  has  all  the 
characters  of  the  menstrual  secretion:  at  others, 
it  appears  to  be  blood. 

Al EATS TR  UES,  Menses. 

MEN'STRUUM,  (F.)  Atenstrue.  Same  ety- 
mon;— the  menstruum  being,  of  old,  usually 
continued  in  action  for  a  month.  This  name 
was  formerly  given  to  every  substance  which 
possesses  the  property  of  dissolving  others 
slowly  and  with  the  aid  of  heat.  At  present,  it 
is  used  synonymously  with  solvent.  Thus, — 
water,  alcohol,  ether,  acids,  oils,  &c.  are  men- 
strua. 

Menstruum  Auri,  Nilro-muriatic  acid. 

MENSURATION.  Mensura'tio,  from  mensu- 
ra, '  measure.'    Measurement.   One  of  the  means 


rence  of  the  menstrual  flux.  In  temperate  cli-  used  for  exploring  the  state  of  the  thoracic  and 
mates,  each  period  ordinarily  continues  from  I  other  cavities.  It  consists  in  a  comparative 
three  to  six  days;  and  the  quantity  lost  varies  measurement  of  each  side  of  the  chest,  by 
from  four  to  eight  ounces.  The  menses  conti-  means  of  a  riband  extended  from  the  median 
nue  to  flow  from  the  period  of  puberty  till  the  ■  line  of  the  sternum  to  the  spine.  When  efi'u- 
age  of  45  or  50.  Atthe  term  of  its  natural  ces-  j  sion  exists  in  one  side,  the  measurement  is  usu- 
sation,  Menolip'sis,  Mcnespausie  (Gardanne,)  ally  greater  than  on  the  other.  When,  on  the 
Me.nopau'sis,  the  flux  becomes  irregular;   and    other  hand,  a  portion  of  a  lung  has  ceased,  for 


this  irregularity  is  occasionally  accompanied 
with  symptoms  of  dropsy,  glandular  tumours. 
&.C.,  constituting1  the  Paramt'nia  cessatio'nis  of 
Good,  and  what  is  called  the  critical  time  of 
Fife;  yet  it  does  not  appear  that  the  mortality 
is  increased  by  it.  With  the  immediate  causes 
of  menstruation  we  are  unacquainted.  We  ex- 
press only  our  ignorance,  when  we  assert  it  to 
depend  upon  periodicity  ; — the  discharge  comes 
from  the  vessels  of  the  uterus,  and  vagina,  and 
differs  from  ordinary  blood  by  its  peculiar 
odour,  and  by  its  not  coagulating.  It  is  evi- 
dently connected  with  the  condition  of  the  ova- 
ries, and  appears  to  be  connected  with  the  pe- 
riodical discharge  of  ova  from  them.  It  is 
arrested,  as  a  general  principle,  during  preg- 
nancy and  lactation.  In  warm  climates,  women 
usually  begin  to  menstruate  early,  and  cease 
sooner  than  in  the  temperate  regions.  The 
quantity  lost  is  also  greater.  In  the  colder  re- 
gions, the  reverse  of  this  holds  as  a  general 
rule. 


some  time,  to  exert  its  respiratory  functions,  the 
corresponding  side  of  the  chest  becomes  smaller, 
in  consequence  of  the  contraction  of  the  pleura, 
retraction  of  the  pulmonary  tissue  and  greater 
approximation  of  the  ribs. 

MENTA,  Penis. 

MENTAGRA,  Sycosis — m.  Infantum,  Por- 
rigo  lupinosa. 

M  E  N'T  AGRAPHYTE,  Men'tagrophytc, 
from  mentagra,  and  qvrev,  'a  plant.'  A  name 
proposed  by  M.  Gruby,  of  Vienna,  for  a  cryp- 
togamic  plant,  which  lie  has  found  in  the  erup- 
tion of  mentagra. 

MENTAL,  from  mens,  'mind;'  belonging  or 
relating  to  the  mind,  as,  mental,  phenom'ena, 
mental  diseases,  (Morbi  menta'les,)  &c. 

In  Anatomy,  M<  ntal.  Meniu'lis,  (F.)  Minfon- 
nier,  signifies  that  which  relates  to  the  chin; 
from  iiientum,  'the  chin.' 

Mental  Ar'tery,  (F.)  Artere  mentonniire. 
Tins  is  given  off  by  the  inferior  dentil,  and 
issues  at  the  meutal  foramen  to  be  distributed 


Messes   Albi,   Leucorrhoea — m.    Anomals,  i  on  the  lower  lip. 


MENTAL  FORAMEN 


430 


MERCURIALIS  PERENNIS 


Mental  Fora'men,  (F.)  Ttou  mcntonnier, 
Anti.'rior  max' Mary  F.,  is  the  outer  orifice  of 
the  inferior  dental  canal.  It  is  situate  on  the 
outer  surface  of  the  lower  jaw-bone,  opposite 
the  second  incisor  or  the  canine  tooth,  and 
gives  passage  to  the  vessels  and  nerves. 

Mental  Nerve,  (F.)  JYerf  mentonnier,  is  fur- 
nished by  the  inferior  dental  nerve.  It  issues 
by  the  mental  foramen,  and  is  distributed,  in 
numerous  filaments,  to  the  muscles  of  the  lower 
lip. 

MENTHA  AQUAT'ICA.  Menthas'trum,  Si- 
tnjtn'brium  menthastrum,  Mentha  rotundifo'lia 
jialus'tris.  Watermint,  (F.)  Menthe  aquatique,  M. 
rouge.  Nat.  Orrf/Labiatffi.  This  is  less  agree- 
able than  the  Mentha  viridis,  and  more  bitter 
and  pungent.     It  is  used  like  spearmint. 

Mentha  Cervi'na,  Hart's  pennyroyal,  Hi/s- 
sop-leaved  mint,  Pule'gium  cervi'num,  (F.)  Men- 
the cervine.  Possesses  the  properties  of  pen- 
nyroyal, but  is  very  unpleasant. 

Mentha  Crispa,  Colymbif 'era minor,  Curled 
Mint,  (F  )  Menthe  frissee,  Menthe  ci  Spue,  Baume 
d'eau  afeuilles  ridees.  Possesses  the  properties 
of  peppermint. 

Mentha  Gentilis,  M.  viridis. 

Mentha  Piperi'ta,  Mentha  Piperi'tis,  Pep- 
permint, (F.)  Menthe  poivrie.  The  odour  of  this 
variety  is  strong  and  agreeable.  Taste,  pun- 
gent, aromatic,  and  producing  a  sensation  of 
coldness  in  the  mouth.  Virtues  depend  upon 
essential  oil  and  camphor.  It  is  stomachic  and 
carminative.  It  is  chiefly  used  in  the  form  of 
essential  oil — the  uleum  menthae  piperita. 

Essence  of  Peppermint  consists  of  ol  menlhce 
pip.  gij.  sp.  vin.  recti/,  coloured  with  spinach 
leaves,  Oij. 

Mentha  Pule'gium,  Pulegium,  Pulegium 
rega'le,  Pulegium  latifo'lium,  Glechon,  Penny- 
royal, Pudding  grass,  (F.)  PmiRot.  The  oil — 
(yieum  pule' gii— possesses  the  virtues  of  the 
plant.  It  resembles  the  mints  in  general  in 
properties.  Amongst  the  vulgar,  it  is  esteemed 
an  emmenagotrue. 

Mentha  Romana,  Balsamita  snaveolens,  Ta- 
nacelum  balsamita — m.  Piotundifolia  paluslris, 
M.  aquatiea — m.  Saracenica,  Balsamita  suaveo- 
lens,  Tanacetum  balsamita— in.  Saliva,  M.  vi- 
ridis—m.  Spicata,  M.  viridis. 

Mentha  Vir'idis,  M.  Suti'ca,  M.  vulgaris, 
M.  gcnti'lis,  M.  spica'ta.  Spearmint,  (F.)  Menthe 
sauvage,  Bavme  des  jar  dins,  Menthe  verte,  Men- 
the des  jardins.  Odour  strong,  aromatic;  taste, 
warm,  austere,  bitterish.  Virtues  the  same  as 
those  of  the  peppermint.  The  Oleum  menllix 
viridis  is  obtained  from  it. 

Mentha  Vulgaris,  M.  viridis. 

MENTHASTRUM,  Mentha  aquatiea. 

MENTHE  AQUATIQUE,  Mentha  aquatiea 
— m.  Cervine,  Mentha  cervina — m  Coq,  Tana- 
cetum balsamita — m.  CrQpue,  Mentha  crispa— 
m.  Frissee,  Mentha  crispa — m.  des  Jardins, 
Mentha  viridis — m.  Poivree,  Mentha  piperita — 
m.  Rouge,  Mentha  aquatiea — m.  Sauvage,  Men- 
tha viridis — m.  Verte,  Mentha  viridis. 

MENTIGO,  Sycosis. 

MENTISME,   from    mens,    mentis,    'mind.' 

Any  irregular  movement  of  the  mind,  whether 

from  emotion  or  a  vivid  imagination. — Baumes. 

MENTO-LA'BIAL,  Mento- labia  lis.     Under 

this   name  Chaussier  has  united  the    Levator 


labii  inferioris,  (q.  v.)  and  Quadratus  muscles. 
See  Depressor  labii  inferioris. 

MEJYTOJY,  Men  turn. 

MENTOXMER,  Mental— m.  Labial,  Depres- 
sor labii  inferioris. 

MEJVTOJYJVI&RE,  see  Funda. 

MENTULA,  Penis— in.  Muliebris,  Cercosis, 
Clitoris. 

MEN'TULAGRA.  A  hybrid  word,  from 
mentula,  'the  penis,'  and  <*/$*,  'a  seizure.'  A 
convulsive  erection  of  the  mentula  or  penis;, 
such  as  is  sometimes  observed  in  eunuchs. 

MENTULA'TUS.Membrosus. 

MENTUM,  Genei'on,  Antke'reon,  'the  chin.' 
(F.)  Mtnton.  The  inferior  and  middle  part  of 
the  face,  situate  below  the  lower  lip.  The  chin 
is  formed  of  skin,  cellular  tissue,  muscles,  ves- 
sels, nerves,  and  of  the  os  maxillare  inferius. 

MENYAN'THES  TRIFOLIA'TA,  Trifd- 
Hum  paludo'sum,  T.  aquat'icum,  T.  pahs' Ire,  T. 
fibrinum,  Menyan'the.s,  Water  trefoil,  Butkhenn, 
Rogbean.  Nat.  Ord.  Gentianere.  (F.)  Trifle, 
d'eau.  The  taste  is  intensely  bitter,  and  is  ex- 
tracted by  water.  It  is  tonic,  anthelmintic,  diu- 
retic, cathartic,  and,  in  large  doses,  emetic.  In 
some  countries,  it  is  used  as  a  substitute  for 
hops  in  making  beer. 

Menvan'thks  Verna,  American  buckbean, 
Marsh  trefoil,  Water  shamrock,  Bitter  root,  has 
similar  properties. 

MEPHIT'lC,  Mephit'icus;  from  a  Syriac 
word,  signifying  'to  blow,  to  breathe.'  Any 
thing  possessed  of  an  unwholesome  properly; 
chiefly  applied  to  exhalations. 

MEPHITIS  HEPATIC  A,  Hydrogen,  sulphu- 
retted. 

MEPH'ITISM.  Same  etymon.  Any  perni- 
cious exhalation.  Mtplu'tis  and  Mophe'ta,  (F.) 
Mofette  ou  Moufelte,  are  old  names  for  azote: 
and,  in  general,  for  all  exhalations  and  gases 
that  are  unfit  for  respiration. 

MERACUS,  Merus. 

MERAMAUROSIS,  Hypamaurosis. 

MERCURE,  Hydrargyrum — in  avee  lacraie, 
Hydrargyrum  cum  creta — m.  Cm,  Hydrargy- 
rum—m.  Cyanurc  dc,  llydrargyri  cyanuretmn 
— in.  Doux,  Hydrargyri  submurias— m.  Gnm- 
meux  de  Pknck.  Syrupus  de  mercuriomediante 
giirami — m.  Muriate  oxijgene  de,  Hydrargyri 
oxymurias — to.  Oxide  de,  cendre,  Hydrargyri 
oxyduin  cinereum — m.  Oxide  gris  de,  Hydrar- 
gyri oxydum  cinereum — m.  Oxide  nitrique  de, 
Hydrargyri  nitrico  oxydum — m.  Oxide  noir  de, 
Hydrargyri  oxydum  cinereum — w  Oxide  rouge 
de,  Hydrargyri  oxydum  rubruin — m.  Prutoclilo- 
rure  dc,  Hydrargyri  submurias — m.  Sous-muri- 
ate de,  precipite,  Hydrargyrum  prcecipitatum — 
m.  Sous- sulfate  de,  Hydrargyrus  vitriolatus— m. 
Sulphur e  de,  voir,  Hydrargyri  sulphurelum  ni- 
grum— m.  Sulplnire  de,  rouge,  Hydrargyri  sul- 
phuretum  rubrum. 

MERCU'RIAL,  Mercuria'lis.  That  which 
contains  mercury,  one  of  the  preparations  of 
mercury. 

MERCURIA'LIS,  Mercuria'lis  an'nua,  French 
mercury.  It  has  been  esteemed  cathartic,  hyp- 
notic and  cosmetic,  and  has  been  chiefly  used 
by  way  of  lavement.  See  Chenopodiuin  Bonus 
Henricus. 

Mercuuialis  Feren'nis,  Cynocram'be,  Ciini'- 
na  bras' sica,  M.  monta'na,  M.  Sylces'tris,  Dog's 
mer'cury.  This  plant  is  possessed  of  acro-nar- 
cotic  properties. 


MERCURII  CALX  VITRIOLATA 


481 


MESENTERIC  ARTERIES 


MERCURII  CALX  VITRIOLATA,  Hydrar- 
gyrus vitriohitus—  rn.  Sperma,  Hydrargyrus 
acetatus — m.  Terra  foliata,  Hydrargyrus  aceta- 
tus. 

MERCUR1US,  Hydrargyrum— m.  Acetatus, 
Hydrargyrus  acetatus — m.  Alkalisatus,  Hydrar- 
gyrum cum  creta — m.  Calcinatus,  Hydrargyri 
oxydum  rubrum — m.  Causticus  fiavus,  Hydrar- 
gyrus vitriolatus — m.  Cinereus,  Hydrargyri 
oxydum  cinereum— m.  Ciunabarinus,  Hydiar- 
gyri sulphureturn  rubrum — m.  Corallinus,  Hy- 
drargyri nitrico  oxydum — m.  Corrosivus,  Hy- 
drargyri oxymurias — m.  Corrosivus  ruber,  Hy- 
drargyri nitrico-oxydum — m.  Corrosivus  subli- 
matus,  Hydrargyri  oxymurias — rn.  Cosmeticus, 
Hydrargyrum  praecipitalum — in.  Dulcis,  Hy- 
drargyri submurias — m.  Emeticus  fiavus,  Hy- 
drargyrus vitriolatus — m.  Gummosus  Plenckii, 
tiyrupua  de  mercurio  mediante  gummi — m. 
Luteus,  Hydrargyrus  vitriolatus — m.  Mortis, 
Algaroth — m.  Niger  Moscati,  Hydrargyri  oxy- 
dum cinereum —  m.  Praecipitatus  corrosivus, 
Hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydum — m.  Praecipitatus 
oiger,  Hydrargyri  oxydum  cinereum — m.  Sac- 
cbaratus,  Hydrargyrum  saccharatum — m.  So- 
lubilis  of  Hahnemann,  see  Hydrargyri  oxydum 
cinereum — m.  Sublimatus  dulcis,  Hydrargyri 
submurias — m.  cum  Sulphure,  Hydrargyri  sul- 
phureturn nigrum — m.  Terrestris,  Polygonum 
iiydropiper — m.  Vitae,  Algaroth. 

MERCURY,  Hydrargyrum — m.  Acetate  of, 
Hydrargyrus  acetatus — m.  Bichloride  of,  Hy- 
drargyri oxymurias — m.  Biniodide  of,  see  Io- 
dine—rn.  Bromide  of,  see  Bromine — m.  with 
Chalk,  Hydrargyrum  cum  creta — m.  Chloride 
of,  mild,  Hydrargyri  submurias — m.  Cyanuret 
of,  Hydrargyri  cyanuretum — m.  Deuto-iodide 
of,  see  Iodine — in.  Dog's,  Mercurialis  perennis 
— m.  English,  Chenopodium  bonus  Henricus — 
m.  French,  Mercurialis — m.  Iodide  of,  Hydrar- 
gyri lodidum — m.  Iodide  of,  red,  Hydrargyri 
Iodidurn  rubrum — m.  Iodo-arsenite  of,  Arsenic 
and  Mercury,  iodide  of — m.  Nitrate  of,  Hydrar- 
gyri nitras — m.  Nitric  oxyd  of,  Hydrargyri  ni- 
trico-oxydum—  m.  Oxide  of,  black  or  gray,  Hy- 
drargyri oxydum  cinereum — m.  Oxide  of,  red, 
Hydrargyri  oxydum  rubrum — m.  Oxymuriate 
of,  Hydrargyri  oxymurias — m.  Phosphuretted, 
Hydrargyrus  phosphoratus — m.  Precipitate  of, 
while,  Hydrargyrum  praecipitatum — m.  Proto- 
iodide  of,  see  Iodine — m  Prussiate  of,  Hydrar- 
gyri cyanuretum — m.  Soluble,  Hydrargyri  ni- 
tras—  m  Sulphuret  of,  black,  Hydrargyri  sul- 
phureturn nigrum — m.  Sulphuret  of,  red,  Hy- 
drargyri sulphureturn  rubrum,  Realgar  —  m. 
Tartrate  of,  Hydrargyri  tartras. 

Mercury  and  Arsenic,  Iodide  of,  Arsenic 
and  Mercury,  Iodide  of. 

MJtRE  DES  P/J3NS,  Pian. 

MERIDRO'SIS,  from  /xtoo?,  'a  part,'  and 
'id'iomc,  '  sweating.'     A  partial  perspiration. 

MERISIER,  Primus  avium. 

MEROUALANEUM,  Bath,  partial. 

MEROBALNEUM,  Bath,  partial. 

MEROCE'LE,  Merorixfis,  Merorrhex'is,  from 
fttjQog,  'Ihe  thigh,'  and  y.ijXr;,  'tumour;'  Femo- 
ral or  crural  hernia,  (F.)  Ilernie  crurale  ou  fc- 
morale.  In  this  hernia,  the  viscera  issue  from 
the  abdomen  through  the  crural  canal;  or 
through  an  opening  immediately  on  the  outer 
side  of  Gimbernat's  ligament,  which  gives  pas- 
sage to  lymphatic  vessels.  This  affection  is 
more  frequent  in  the  female  than  in  the  male, 


and  especially  in  those  who  have  had  children. 
The  tumour,  formed  by  the  merocele,  is  cene- 
rally  small,  round,  and  more  or  less  difficult  of 
reduction.  In  other  respects,  it  possesses  all 
the  characters  of  hernia.  The  neck  of  the  sac 
has,  close  on  the  outside,  the  epigastric  artery; 
above,  the  spermatic  cord  and  spermatic  artery 
in  the  male — the  round  ligament  in  the  female; 
on  the  inside,  Gimbernat's  ligament;  and,  be- 
low, the  pubes.  When  the  obturator  artery 
arises  from  the  epigastric,  it  generally  passes  on 
the  outside  of  and  below  the  orifice  of  the  sac; 
sometimes,  however,  it  takes  a  turn  above,  and 
then  to  the  inside  of  the  opening.  J.  Cloquet 
asserts,  that  of  134  cases,  in  one  au\y  did  he 
find  the  epigastric  artery  on  the  inside  of  the 
orifice  of  the  sac. 

The  operation,  required  in  strangulation  of 
this  variety,  may  be  practised  on  the  aponeu- 
rotic opening,  by  cutting  downwards  and  in- 
wards, on  the  side  of  Gimbernat's  ligament. 

MERORRHEXIS,  Merocele. 

MERORIXIS,  Merocele. 

MEROS,  Femur,  Thigh. 

MERRY-ANDREW.  An  itinerant  quack, 
who  exposes  his  nostrums  for  sale  at  fairs  and 
markets.  See  Charlatan.  They  are  so  called 
from  Dr.  Andrew  Boorde,  who  lived  in  the 
reigns  of  Henry  VIII.,  Edward  VI.,  and  Queen 
Mary,  and  who  was  in  the  habit  of  frequenting 
fairs  and  markets  at  which  he  harangued  the 
populace. 

MERUS,  Mera'cus,  Arcatos,  'pure,  genuine;' 
as  Vinum  merum.  unmixed  wine. 

MERVINE,  MALE,  Cypripedium  luteum. 

MERYCIHMUS,  Rumination. 

MERYCOLOG"IA,  from  MoVxu,,  'I  rumi- 
nate,' and  Koyos,  'a  description.'  Any  work  on 
rumination  may  be  so  termed. 

MESA,  Genital  organs. 
_MESARAIC,  Mesenteric. 
"MESEMAIt,  Mismar. 

MESEMBRYANTHEMUM  COPTICUM, 
see  Soda. 

Mesembryan'themum  Crystal'linum,  M. 
jicoi'des,  Di'amond  jig-marygold,  Ice-plant,  (F.) 
Glaciate,  Crystalline.  It  has  been  recommended 
in  dysuria,  ischuria,  and  some  other  affections 
of  the  urinary  organs. 

MESENC£PHALE,  Medulla  oblongata,  Pons 
Varolii. 

M  E  S'  E  N  T  E  R I C,  Mesara'ic,  Mescntei'icus, 
Mesara' icus,  from  fiia-svrsQiov,  or  fitraoxior,  'the 
mesentery.'  That  which  relates  or  belongs  to 
the  mesentery. 

Mesenteric  Arteries  are  two  in  number, 
and  distinguished  into,  1.  The  Superior  mesen- 
teric, which  arises  from  the  anterior  part  of  the 
abdominal  aorta,  below  the  cceliac.  It  imme- 
diately descends  to  the  left,  forwards,  behind 
the  pancreas,  and  in  front  of  the  third  portion 
of  the  duodenum, — to  gain  the  superior  ex- 
tremity of  the  mesentery,  where  it  makes  a 
long  curvature,  the  convexity  of"  which  is  turned 
forwards  and  to  the  left.  Towards  the  termi- 
nation of  the  ileum,  it  ends  by  anastomosing 
with  a  branch  of  the  si.  colica  dextra  inferior. 
At  its  concavity,  it  gives  off  the  three  Arlcrise 
colicx  dcitrx,  which  belong  to  the  great  intes- 
i  tine;  and,  at  its  convexity,  it  sends  off  fifteen 
or  twenty  branches,  which  are  distributed  to 
!  the  small  intestine,  after  having  formed  nu- 
I  merous  arches  by  their  anastomoses. 


MESENTERIC  GLANDS 


482 


MESORECTUM 


2.  The  Inferior  Mesenteric  Artery  arises  from 
the  anterior  part  of  the  abdominal  aorta,  an 
inch  and  a  half  before  its  termination.  It  de- 
scends, on  the  left  side,  behind  the  peritoneum; 
enemies  itself  in  the  substance  of  the  iliac  me- 
socolon, forming  a  considerable  curvature, 
whose  convexity  faces  the  left  side.  When  it 
reaches  the  brim  of  the  pelvis,  it  passes  along 
the  posterior  separation  of  the  mesorectum,  and 
attains  the  neighbourhood  of  the  anus,  under 
the  name  Superior  hemorrhoidal  artery.  It  gives 
ofF  no  branch  at  its  concave  part;  but,  from  the 
convex,  the  three  Arterix  colicx  sinistra  arise. 

Mesenteric  Glands  are  the  lymphatic  gan- 
glions of  the  mesentery.  Through  them,  the 
chyliferous  vessels  pass  to  the  thoracic  duct. 
Their  uses  are  unknown.  When  diseased,  nu- 
trition is  interfered  with,  and  atrophy  produced. 

Mesenteric  Hernia.  If  one  of  the  layers 
of  the  mesentery  be  torn  by  a  blow,  whilst  the 
other  remains  in  its  natural  state,  the  intestines 
may  insinuate  themselves  into  the  aperture, 
and  form  a  kind  of  hernia.  It  is  not  known 
during  life. 

Mesenteric  Plexuses  are  furnished  by  the 
solar  plexus,  and  have  been  distinguished  into 
superior  and  inferior,-  like  the  mesenteric  arte- 
ries which  they  accompany. 

Mesenteric  or  Mesaraic  Veins  are  two  in 
number,  and  belong  to  the  vena  porta.  They 
are  distinguished  into,  1.  The  Superior  mesen- 
teric or  mesaraic,  or  great  mesaraic.  This  trunk 
receives,  from  above  to  below  and  on  the  right 
side,  the  three  venae  colicx  dcxtrx  and  the  Gus- 
tro-epiploica  dextra.  Into  its  left  side,  the  veins 
of  the  small  intestine  open.  It  passes  in  front 
of  the  transverse  portion  of  the  duodenum; 
and,  behind  the  pancreas,  unites  with  the  splenic 
vein  to  concur  in  the  formation  of  the  vena 
porta. 

The  inferior  or  lesser  mesenteric  vein  corre- 
sponds to  the  artery  of  the  same  name,  and 
opens  into  the  splenic,  near  the  union  of  that 
vein  with  the  superior  mesenteric,  and  behind 
the  pancreas. 

MESENTERI'TIS,  Empres'ma  periUmi'tis 
mesenlcr'ica,  Enteri'tis  mesentcr'ica,  Infiamma'- 
tion  of  the  mesentery.  The  pain  is  here  deeper 
seated  and  more  immediately  in  the  mesenteric 
region.  The  external  tenderness  is  less  than 
in  some  of  the  other  varieties  of  peritonitis. 
See  Tabes  Mesenterica. 

MES'ENTERY,  Mescntcr'ium,  Mesarai'on, 
Mesen'teron,  Meserx'um,  Mesorer/um,  Medium 
intesli'num,  from  y.tnoi,  '  in  the  middle,'  and 
tt-rtoov,  '  intestine,'  (F.)  Mcientere.  A  term 
applied  to  several  duplicatures  of  the  peritone- 
um, which  maintain  the  different  portions  of  the 
intestinal  canal  in  their  respective  situations; 
allowing,  however,  more  or  less  mobility.  They 
are  formed  of  two  lamina?,  between  which  are 
contained  the  corresponding  portion  of  intes- 
tine and  the  vessels  that  pass  to  it.  One  only 
of  these  duplicatures  has  received  the  name 
mesentery,  properly  so  called.  This  belongs  to 
the  small  intestine,  which  it  suspends  and  re- 
tains in  situ.  Its  posterior  margin,  which  is 
the  smallest,  is  straight,  and  descends  obliquely 
from  the  left  side  of  the  body  of  the  second 
lumbar  vertebra  to  the  right  iliac  fossa.  Its 
anterior  margin  is  curved,  undulating,  plaited, 
and  corresponds  to  the  whole  length  of  the 
small  intestine.     The  mesentery  contains,  be- 


tween the  two  laminae  which  form  it,  a  num- 
ber of  lymphatic  ganglions;  the  trunks  and 
branches  of  the  mesenteric  vessels;  the  ner- 
vous plexuses  accompanying  them,  and  many 
lacteal!  and  lymphatics. 

MESERA.Tutia. 

MESER.-EUM,  Mesentery. 

MESERAION,  Mesentery. 

MESIAMUM,  Aniceton. 

MESMERISM,  Magnetism,  animal. 

MESO,  fj.z<roq,  'in  the  middle.'  A  prefix  to 
certain  words. 

MESORREGMATE,  see  Cranium. 

MESOCJS'CUM  A  name  given  to  a  dupli- 
cature  of  the  peritoneum,  (in  some  persons  only,) 
at  the  posterior  part  of  the  csccuin. 

M£SOC£PHALE,  Medulla  oblongata,  Pons 
varolii. 

MESOCHON'DRIAC,  Mesochondri'dcus;  from 
/u.i<roq.  and  xovSqog,  'cartilage.'  A  name  given 
by  Boerhaave  to  fleshy  fibres  situate  between 
the  cartilaginous  rings  of  the  trachea. 

MESOCOL'IC  HERNIA.  Hernia  is  so  named 
by  Sir  Astley  Cooper,  when  the  bowels  glide 
between  the  layers  of  the  mesocolon. 

MESOCO'LON,  from  fttaoc,  and  ho>ao»,  'the 
colon.'  A  name  given  to  the  duplicatures  of 
the  peritoneum,  which  fix  the  different  parts  of 
the  colon  to  the  abdominal  parietes.  It  has  re- 
ceived different  names,  according  to  its  situa- 
tion. The  right  lumbar  mesocolon  fixes  the  as- 
cending colon  to  the  corresponding  lumbar 
region.  The  transverse  mesocolon  arises  from 
the  concave  arch  of  the  colon,  and  forms  a  sep- 
tum between  the  epigastric  and  umbilical  re- 
gions. Its  inferior  portion  is  continuous  with 
the  mesentery.  The  left  lumbar  mesocolon, 
which  contains  the  ascending  colon,  is  conti- 
nuous below  with  the  Iliac  mesocolon.  The  last 
includes  between  its  layers  the  sigmoid  flexure 
of  the  colon,  and  ends  in  the  mesorectum.  Under 
the  right  kidney,  it  is  narrow  and  firm,  and 
forms  the  right  ligament  of  the  colon.-  at  the 
under  end  of  the  left  kidney,  it  forms  the  left 
Hg'ament  of  the  colon. 

MESOCRAN1UM,  Sinciput. 

MESODME,  Mediastinum. 

MESODMI'TIS,  from  ^ooVi,  'the  medias- 
tinum,' and  itis,  '  inflammation.'  Mesotwrhitis, 
Mediastini'tis.  Inflammation  of  the  mediasti- 
num. 

MESOGLOSSUS,  Genioglossus. 

MESOLO'BAR.  Belonging  to  the  Misolobe 
or  Corpus  callo'sum. 

Mesolobar  Arteries  are  the  arteries  of  the 
corpus  callosnm. 

MESOLOBE,  Corpus  callosum. 

MESOME'RIA,  from  (ttvog,  and  ^oo?,  'the 
thigh.'  The  parts  of  the  body  situate  between 
the  thighs  or  hips. 

MESOMERION,  Perimeum. 

MESOMPHALUM,  Umbilicus. 

MESOPH'RION,  Glabella.  The  part  of  the 
face  between  the  eyebrows;  from  fj.ioog,  '  the 
middle,'  and  oiwdi,  '  the  eyebrows.' 

MESOPLEURIOS,  Intercostal. 

MESORiEUM,  Mesentery. 

MESORECTUM.  A  hybrid  word;  from 
fj.t<rog,  and  rectum,  'the  intestine  rectum.'  A 
triangular  reflection,  formed  by  the  peritoneum, 
between  the  posterior  surface  of  the  rectum  anu 
the  anterior  surface  of  the  sacrum.  Between 
the  two  layers  of  which  the  mesorectum  is  com- 


MESOS 


483 


METAMORPHOPSIA 


posed  are  found  much  cellular  tissue,  and  the 
termination  of  the  inferior  mesenteric  vessels. 

MESOS,  Meso. 

MESOSCELOCELE,  Hernia,  perineal. 

MESOSCELON,  Perinaeum. 

MESOSCELOPHY'MA,  from  Mesoscelon, 
'  perinseum,'  and  ipvpa,  '  swelling.'  A  tumour  of 
the  perinsDum. 

MESOTHENAR,  from  /&*,(,  and  Vtvaq, 
'the  thenar,'  'the  palm  of  the  hand.'  A  mus- 
cle, which  carries  the  thumb  towards  the  palm. 
Winslow  applied  the  term  to  the  abductor  pol- 
licis,  united  to  the  deep-seated  portion  of  the 
flexor  brevis  pollicis. 

MESOT'ICA,  from  fteoog,  'middle.'  Dis- 
eases affecting  the  parenchyma.  Pravity  in 
the  quantity  or  quality  of  the  intermediate  or 
connecting  substance  of  organs;  without  in- 
flammation, fever,  or  other  derangement  of  the 
general  health.  The  first  Order,  class  Eccritica 
of  Good. 

MESOTGECHITIS.  Mesodmitis. 

MESOTCECHIUM,  Mediastinum. 

MES0TO20HUM,  Mediastinum. 

MES'PlLUS.JWes/w'/ws  German'ica.  Themed- 
lar,  (F.)  Mftier.  (F.)  Nefie.  The  fruit  and 
seeds  of  the  medlar  have  both  been  used  medi- 
cinally:— the  immature  fruit  as  an  astringent, 
and  the  seeds  in  nephritic  diseases.  See  Cra- 
taegus Aria  and  Sorbus  acuparia. 

Mespilus  Oxyacan'tha,  Oxyacantha,  Spina 
alba,  White  Hawthorn,  (F.)  Aubepine.  The 
flowers  of  this  common  European  plant  are 
sometimes  used  in  infusion  as  a  pectoral. 

META,  fJnioL,  Metlt,'  fit6\  'with,'  'together 
with,'  'after,'  'change  of  form  and  place.'  A 
common  prefix  to  words.     Hence: 

METAB'ASIS,  Trari situs,  Metal/ ole,  Metal'- 
lage,  from  (/.sxa^aivw,  'I  digress.'  A  change  of 
remedy,  practice,  &c—  Hippocrates. 

METABOLE,  Metabasis. 

METABOLEL'OGY,  Metabolelog"ia;  from 
f<na[ioX>;,  'change,'  and  loyog,  'a  description.' 
A  description  of  the  changes  which  supervene 
in  the  course  of  a  disease. 

METACAR'PAL,  Metacarpia/nus,  (F.)  Mi- 
tacarpien.  Relating  or  belonging  to  the  meta- 
carpus. 

Metacarpal  Artery,  or  Artdria  dorsa'lis 
metacar'pi,  arises  from  the  radial,  at  the  moment 
it  engages  itself  in  the  upper  extremity  of  the 
abductor  indicis.  It  descends  obliquely  upon 
the  back  of  the  hand.  Its  branches  are  distri- 
buted to  the  abductor  indicis,  and  the  integu- 
ments: some  communicate  with  the  dorsalis 
carpi. 

Metacarpal  Articcla'tions  are  those  by 
which  the  last  four  metacarpal  bones  are  united 
together  at  their  upper  extremity. 

Metacarpal  Bones,  or  bones  which  compose 
the  metacarpus,  are  five  in  number;  and  dis- 
tinguished into  first,  second,  third,  &c,  begin- 
ning from  the  outer  or  radial  side.  They  are 
articulated,  by  their  superior  extremity,  with 
the  bones  of  the  second  range  of  the  carpus; 
and  by  the  lower  with  the  first  phalanges. 

Metacarpal  Lig'amest,  or  Infe'rior  palmar 
JAg'ament,  is  a  fibrous  band,  stretched  trans- 
versely before  the  inferior  extremities  of  the 
last  four  metacarpal  bones,  which  it  keeps  in 
their  respective  positions. 

Metacarpal  Phalan'ges  are  the  first  pha- 


langes of  the  fingers;  so  called, because  they  are 
articulated  with  the  bones  of  the  metacarpus. 

Metacarpal  Range  or  row  of  the  carpa] 
bones,  (F.)  Rangie  metacarpienne  du  carpe,  is 
the  lower  row  of  carpal  bones;  so  called  because 
they  are  articulated  with  the  bones  of  the  me- 
tacarpus. It  is  composed  of  the  trapezium,  tra- 
pezoides,  magnum,  and  unciforme. 

METACARPEUS,  Abductor  metacarpi  mi- 
nimi digiti. 

MJlTACARPIEJY,  Metacarpal— m.  du  petit 
doigt,  Opponens  minimi  digiti — m.  du  Pouce, 
Opponens  pollicis. 

METACARPION,  Metacarpus. 

METACARPO  PHALANGJEUS  POLLI- 
CIS, Adductor  pollicis  manus. 

METACAR'PO  PHALAN'GIAN,  Metacar- 
po-pkalangia'/ius,  (F.)  M'etucarpophalangien. 
That  which  belongs  to  the  metacarpus  and  pha- 
langes. 

Metacarpo-Phalangian  Articulations  are 
formed  by  the  bones  of  the  metacarpus  and  the 
corresponding  phalanges.  In  these  articula- 
tions, the  bony  surfaces  are  incrusted  with  car- 
tilage, covered  by  a  synovial  membrane,  and 
kept  in  connexion  by  means  of  an  anterior  and 
two  lateral  ligaments. 

M&TACARPO-PHALANGIEN  LATERAL 
SVS-PALMAIRE  ET  M&TACARPO-PHA- 
LAjXGIEjY  LATERAL,  Interosseus  manus. 

METACARP'US,  from  psra,  'after,'  and  car- 
pus, '  the  wrist.'  Metacur'pion,  Postbrachia.'le, 
(F.)  Mctacarpe.  The  part  of  the  hand  comprised 
between  the  carpus  and  fingers.  It  is  composed 
of  five  parallel  bones,  called  metacarpal;  form- 
ing the  back  of  the  hand,  externally,  and  the 
palm  internally. 

METACERASMA,  Cerasma. 

METACHEIRIXIS,  Surgery. 

METACHORESIS,  Metastasis. 

METAL,  Metal'lum.  A  class  of  simple,  com- 
bustible bodies;  distinguished  from  others  by 
considerable  specific  gravity ;  a  paiticular  splen- 
dour; almost  total  opacity;  insolubility  in  wa- 
ter; and  the  property  they  have  of  ringing  when 
struck.  Metals  have  no  effect,  except  of  a  me- 
chanical nature,  when  taken  into  the  stomach; 
unless  they  have  already  undergone, or  undergo, 
in  the  stomach,  oxidation  or  union  with  an  acid  ; 
when  several  most  deleterious  compounds  may 
be  formed.  Copper  cents;  half-pence;  quick- 
silver; lead,  have  frequently  been  swallowed 
in  the  metallic  state  with  impunity.  Tin  and 
mercury  are  the  only  metals  used  to  produce  a 
mechanical  effect; — the  former  as  an  anthel- 
mintic,— the  latter,  idly  enough,  in  cases  of 
fancied  intussusception. 

METAL  DES  CLOCHES,  Bell  metal. 

METALLAGE,  Metabasis. 

METALLIC  VOICE,  Tintement  mclallique. 

METALLUM.  Metal. 

METAMORPHOP'SIA,  from  p£T«jtog</>oa>, 
(/u.cTa,  and  finiitftt],  'form,')  'I  transform,' and  w\p, 
'the  eye.'  Suffu'sio,  Suffu'sio  Ocuh'rum,  Ima- 
gination (Maitre-Jean.)  Crupsia,  Mijodesop'sia, 
False  sivht.  (F.)  Berlue.  Aberration  of  the 
sense  of  sight,  which  transmits  the  image  of 
imaginary  objects.  Thi3  affection  sometimes 
depends  on  a  slight  opacity  in  the  transparent 
parts  of  the  eye;  the  cornea,  crystalline,  or 
vitreous  humour,  when  it  is  symptomatic  and 
of  no  consequence.  At  other  times,  it  appears 
to  be   idiopathic;    and  occurs   particularly   in 


METAMORPHOSIS,  &c. 


484 


METEOROLOGY 


those  who  have  been  in  the  habit  of  constantly 
fixing  their  eyes  on  very  brilliant  or  small 
bodies.  The  objects,  fancied  to  be  seen,  are 
various.  They  are  sometimes  circular,  perpe- 
tually moving,  or  shining  or  black  spots,  cob- 
webs, insects,  or  pieces  of  wood — when  they 
are  often  termed  Muscse  volitantes,  (F.)  Mouches 
volantes,  and  the  condition  Visus  musca'rum, 
Scotom'ata,  Stiff u'sio  Myo'des,  Myiudeop'sia,  Myo- 
(tesopsia.  These  appearances  sometimes  con- 
tinue for  a  few  days;  being  dependent  on  the 
state  of  the  nerves  of  the  individual  at  the 
time;  or  they  may  exist  for  life,  and  ultimately 
impair  the  sight. 

If  the  affection  be  symptomatic,  it  is  of  but 
little  moment.  If  idiopathic,  and  connected 
with  any  excitement  of  the  brain,  which  is  not 
often  the  case,  attention  will  have  to  be  paid  to 
that  nrcan. 

METAMORPHOSIS  VENTR1CULI  GE- 
LATIN! KORMIS.  Gastromalacia. 

METANGISMOS,  Uecantation. 

METAPEDIUM.  Metatarsus. 

METAPHRENON,  Dorsum. 

METAPHYTEfA.  Transplantatio. 

METAPOD1UM,  Metatarsus. 

METAPOROPGE'IA,  Metaporopoie'sis,  from 
(.itTrt,  'after,'  rcnoq,  'a  pore,'  and  ttoiciv,  'to 
make.'  The  change  produced  in  the  minute 
pores, — in  the  capillary  extremities  of  vessels, 
— when  they  pass  from  the  morbid  to  the  heal- 
thy condition. — Galen. 

METAPTO'SIS,  Metaschematis'mus,  Muta- 
tion; change;  from  ficrat.7riTTa,(^ifT*, and  m^jw, 
'I  fall,')  'I  digress.'  Any  change  in  the  form 
or  seat  of  a  disease. 

METASCHEMATISMUS,  Metaptosis. 

METASTASIS,  Metachore'sis,  from  usAis-r^t, 
(//.tra,  and  a-iaatq,  'place,')  'I  change  place.' 
Displacement,  Translation.  A  change  in  the 
seat  of  a  disease;  attributed,  by  the  Humorists, 
to  the  translation  of  the  morbific  matter  to  a 
part  different  from  that  which  it  had  previously 
occupied;  and,  by  the  Solidists,  to  the  displace- 
ment of  the  irritation.  It  has  also  been  used  in 
the  same  extensive  sense  as  Metaptosis,  (q.  v.) 
Disputes  have  often  been  indulged,  whether  a 
case  of  metastasis  ought  not  rather  to  be  es- 
teemed one  of  extension  of  the  disease.  The 
phenomena  of  gout  and  acute  rheumatism  are 
in  favour  of  metastasis  occasionally  super- 
vening. 

METASTATIC,  Metastal'kus.  Belonging 
or  relating  to  metastasis.  A  metastatic  crisis  is 
one  produced  by  metastasis; — a  metastatic  af- 
fection, one  caused  by  metastasis,  &c.  See 
Abscess,  metastatic. 

METASYN'CRISIS,  from  <rvyHnm,  'I  com- 
pose,' and  per*,  which  indicates  a  change. 
Rccornposition.  A  word,  employed  by  some 
disciples  of  Asclepiades.  This  physician  sup- 
posed that  all  animals  are  formed  by  the  union 
or  assemblage  of  atoms.  He  designated  all 
bodies  by  the  word  o'l/yxgi/uara;  which  signifies 
'assemblage.'  Suyxqivtod-ai,  'to  be  assembled,' 
was,  with  him,  synonymous  with  '  to  exist ;'  and 
SidDCQinfd-at,  'to  separate,'  was,  with  him,  sy- 
nonymous with  'to  dissolve,'  ' to  cease  to  exist.'' 
The  word  Metasyncrysis  was  invented  to  ex- 
press the  recomposition  of  bodies  after  their 
momentary  dissolution.  Some  have  rendered 
the  word  by  the  Latin  Rccorpnratio. 

METASYNCRIT'lU,    Mctasyncril'icus,  Re- 


corporate' vus.  Belonging  or  relating  to  meta- 
syncrisis.  A  name  formerly  given  to  medi- 
cines to  which  was  attributed  the  virtue  of  pro- 
ducing the  metasyncrisis  or  regeneration  of  the 
body  or  of  some  of  its  parts. 

Metasyncritic  Cycle  meant  a  determinate 
series  of  remedies  employed  for  this  purpose. 

METATARSAL,  Metatar'seus,  (F.)  Meta- 
tarsieu.  Relating  or  belonging  to  the  meta- 
tarsus. 

Metatarsal  Artery,  Artere  sus-metatar- 
siennc  of  Chaussier,  arises  from  the  Artei  ia  dor- 
sa'tis  Tarsi,-  passes  transversely  over  the  back 
of  the  foot;  and  furnishes, at  its  convexity,  which 
is  anterior,  thiee  branches,  called  J],  interos'sex 
dorsa'les  Pedis.  These  branches  are  distributed 
in  the  interosseous  spaces. 

Metatarsal  Articula'tions  are  those  re- 
sulting from  the  juncture  of  the  metatarsal 
bones  with  each  other.  They  are  strengthened, 
behind,  by  dorsal,  and  plantar  ligaments;  and 
before,  by  ^.transverse  metatarsal  ligament,  which 
is  plantar,  and  has  the  greatest  analogy  to  the 
inferior  transverse  metacarpal  ligament. 

Metatarsal  Bones,  (F.)  Os  melatarsiens, 
are  five  in  number,  and  distinguished  by  their 
number;  first,  second,  third,  <&c,  reckoning  from 
the  outer  side. 

Metatarsal  Phalanges  are  the  first  pha- 
langes of  the  toes;  so  called  because  they  are 
united  to  the  metatarsus 

Metatarsal  Row — (F.)  Rangee  me"  ta  tarsi- 
enne — of  the  bones  of  the  tarsus,  is  the  second 
row,  or  that  contiguous  to  the  metatarsus; 
comprehending  the  cuboides  and  three  cunei- 
form bones;  some  add  the  scaphoides. 

METATARSEUS,  see  Abductor  minimi  di- 
giti  pedis. 

METATAUSIEN,  Metatarsnl. 

METATARSO-PHALAN'GIAN,  Melatarso- 
phalangia'nus.  Relating  to  the  metatarsus  and 
phalanges. 

Metatarso-Phalangian  Articulations  are 
formed  by  the  bones  of  the  metatarsus  and  the 
corresponding  phalanges.  They  bear  the  great- 
est analogy  to  the  mctacarpo-phalangian  articu- 
lations, (q   v.) 

ME  TA  TARSO-PHALAKGIEN-  LATERAL, 
see  lnterossei  pedis. 

METATAR'SUS,  Metutar'sium,  Mctape'dium, 
Metapo'dium,  from  /jura,  'after,'  and  T*$<ro?, 
'the  tarsus.'  Theinstep.  That  part  of  the  foot 
which  is  situate  between  the  tarsus  and  toes, 
corresponding  with  the  metacarpus.  It  is  com- 
posed of  five  parallel  bones;  one  to  each  toe. 
Like  the  metacarpal  bones,  they  are  developed 
from  two  points  of  ossification. 

METATH'ESIS,  from  ptTa.Ti&r)fii,  (f*-aa,  and 
Ti8i]fti,  'to  place,')  'I  change  place.'  Trans- 
posi"tio,  (q.  v.)  An  operation,  by  which  a  mor- 
bific agent  is  removed  from  one  place  to  an- 
other, where  it  may  produce  less  disturbance 
in  the  exercise  of  the  functions: — as,  for  exam- 
ple, in  the  operation  of  depressing  cataract,  or 
when  a  calculus  in  the  urethra  is  pushed  back 
into  the  bladder. 

METATOPTOSIS.  Diadexis. 

METEORISMES,  Sublimation,  Tympanites. 

METEOROL'OGY,  Mrteorolog"fa,  from  hi- 
rfo)(ioj?,  'a  meteor,'  and  Xnyoc,  'a  discourse.' 
The  science,  whose  object  is  a  knowledge  of 
the  origin,  formation,  appearance,  <fcc.  of  me- 
teors.    The  state  of  the  atmosphere  has  a  most 


METER 


485 


METROHEMORRHAGE 


important  bearing  on  the  health  of  animals.  I 
The  whole  range  of  epidemic  affections  have 
their  causes  seated  there.     Meteorological  ob-  ] 
eervations  have,  hence/ever  been  attended  to,  ; 
by  the  physician,  for  the  purpose  of  detecting  ' 
the  precise  character  of  any  particular  epidemic 
influence.     The   barometer,  thermometer,  and 
hydrometer  are  the  instruments  used  with  this 
intent — to  detect,  as  well  the  varying  weight  or 
pressure,  and  the  temperature,  as  the  moisture. 
Perhaps,  of  the  three  conditions,  the  last  exerts 
more   influence   in    the    production  of  disease 
than   either  of  the   others.     Our   knowledge, 
however,  of  this  part  of  physics  is  extremely 
limited  and  unsatisfactory. 

METER,  ftiTQov,  'a  measure,'  a  suffix  to 
words  denoting  'a  measure,'  as  in  Barometer, 
JPleximeter,  &c. 

METH/EMACHYMIA,  Transfusion. 

METHE,  Temulentia. 

METHEGLIN,  Melizomum. 

METHEMERINOS,  Quotidian. 

METHOD,  Meth'odus,  from  fttra,  'with,'  and 
o8og,  'way.'  This  word  has  different  accepta- 
tions in  the  sciences.  In  medicine,  curative 
method  is  the  methodical  treatment  of  disease. 

Mkthod,  Mariano's,  see  Lithotomy. 

Method,  Numerical,  Method  of  Observation 
of  Louis,  consists  in  observing  every  case  and 
every  symptom  of  a  case  numerically,  so  as  to 
ensure,  as  far  as  practicable,  accuracy  of  obser- 
vation; and  to  enable  us  by  the  analysis  and 
collation  of  such  facts  to  deduce  general  laws 
and  conclusions. 

MRTHODE  PERTURB ATR1CE,  Perturba- 
trix  (Medicina.) 

METHODICS,  Methodists. 

M6TH0DIQUES,  Methodists. 

METH'ODISTS,  Methodical  sect,  Meth'odics, 
(F.)  Methodistes,  Meihodiques.  A  sect  of  physi- 
cians whose  doctrine  was  in  vogue  after  that 
of  the  Empirics  and  Dogmatists,  towards  the 
end  of  the  first  century.  According  to  the  Me- 
thodists, of  whom  Themison  was  the  chief,  al- 
most every  disease  was  dependent  on  contrac- 
tion or  relaxation; — stridum  or  lazum.  To  these 
two  causes,  they  added  a  third — mixed  or  com- 
pound—  to  include  those  affections  which  par- 
took of  the  two  characters.  The  doctrine  re- 
sembled, in  some  respects,  that  of  Brown. 

METHODOL'OGY,  (MEDICAL)  Metho- 
doIog"ia  Med'ica,  from  uiOodog,  'method,'  and 
/.o/oc,  'a  discourse,'  A  word  used,  by  the 
French  more  especially,  to  signify  method  ap- 
plied to  the  study  of  any  science.  Medical  Me- 
thodology, consequently,  means  method  applied 
to  the  study  of  medicine. 

METHODLJS  CELSIANA,  see  Lithotomy 
— m.  Curatoria,  Therapeutics — m.  Franconia- 
na,  see  Lithotomy — m.  Guytoniana,  see  Litho- 
tomy— m.  Medendi,  Therapeutics. 

METHOMA'NIA,  from  utStj,  '  drunkenness,' 
and  iiuvia,  '  mania.'  An  irresistible  desire  for 
intoxicating  substances. 

METOPAGES,  Symphyocephalus. 

METOPANTRAL'GIA,  from  unomov,  (us- 
t«,  and  on/', '  the  eye/I '  the  forehead,'  avronr, '  a 
cavity,'  and  a?.yo?,  '  pain.'  Pain  in  the  frontal 
sinuses. 

METOPANTRI'TIS,  from  utTwnor,  'the 
forehead,'  ovtqov,  'a  cavity,'  and  itis,  denoting 
inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the  frontal 
sinuses. 


METOPION,  Bubon  galbanum. 

METOPODYNIA,  Neuralgia  frontalis. 

METOPON,  Front,  Frontal  bone. 

METOPOSCOPY,  MHoposcop'ia,  from  ut- 
tui.tui',  '  the  forehead,'  and  axonnv,  'to  view.' 
The  art  of  knowing  the  temperament  and  cha- 
racter of  a  person,  by  inspecting  the  traits  of 
his  forehead  or  face.     See  Physiognomy. 

METRA,  Uterus. 

METRAL'GIA,  Metrodynia,  from  fuiTQat,  'the 
womb,'  and  aXyog,  'pain.'  Pain  in  the  uterus. 
—  Baldinger. 

METRANASTROPHE,  Uterus,  inversion 
of  the. 

METRATRE'SIA,  from  fu^Qct, ' the  womb,' 
and  aTQijTta,  '  imperforation.'  An  unnatural 
closure  of  the  uterus. 

METRELCOSIS,  Metrheho'sis,  from  jur,rQa, 
'the  womb,'  and  'txxos,  'an  ulcer.'  Ulceration 
of  the  uterus. 

METREMPHRAX'IS,  from  ^t^,  'the  ute- 
rus,' and  tfiipQuaaia,  '  1  obstruct.'  Obstruction 
of  the  womb.  A  name  under  which  some  au- 
thors have  confounded  chronic  inflammation  of 
that  viscus,  and  the  different  degenerations  to 
which  it.  is  exposed. 

METREN'OHYTA,  Metrm'chytes,  from  u,,- 
TQa,  '  the  uterus,'  and  lyyvwi, '  I  inject.'  Injec- 
tion of  the  uterus.  Substances  injected  into 
the  uterus  are  also  called  Metren'chytu. 

METREURYS'MA;  from  u.^a,  and  svqvs, 
'dilated  '     A  morbid  dilatation  of  the  womb. 

METRHELCOSIS,  Metrelcosis/ 

METKIOPATHI'A,  from  fisTQ,oc,  'tempered,' 
and  nu9og,  'affection.'  State  of  an  individual 
whose  passions  are  temperate. 

METRITIS,  from  uVqu,  'the  womb;'  Fe- 
hris  vteri'na,  Hysteri'lis,  Empres'ma  Hystcri'tis, 
Inflamma'tio  Uteri,  Inflammation  of  the  Uterus 
or  It'oinh.  (F .)  Inflammation  delamulrice.  The 
characteristic  symptoms  of  this  affection  are: — 
pain,  swelling,  and  tenderness  in  the  hypogas- 
tric region;  with  heat,  pain,  and  tenderness  of 
the  os  uteri;  vomiting,  smallncss, and  frequency 
of  pulse.  It  occurs,  most  frequently,  after  de- 
livery, when  there  is,  generally,  suppression  of 
the  lochia!  discharge.  The  treatment  must  be 
vigorous, — as  bleeding  early,  so  as  to  make  a 
decided  impression;  followed  by  a  full  dose  of 
opium,  fomentations,  blisters,  &c. 

Acute  inflammation  of  the  womb,  seated  in 
its  internal  membrane,  has  been  called  Inflam- 
ma'tio catarrha'tis  u'teri  or  Acute  catarrh,  (F.) 
Catarrhe  aigu,  of  that  viscus.  It  is  known  by 
the  discharge  of  a  clear,  stringy  fluid  per  vagi- 
nam ,■  preceded  by  pains,  which,  from  the  hypo- 
gastric region,  shoot  to  the  thighs,  groins,  cVc. 
with  more  or  less  fever.  It  requires  the  anti- 
phlogistic treatment.  Chronic  metritis  some- 
times succeeds  the  acute.  To  it  must  be  re- 
ferred the  indurations,  observed  in  the  uterus, 
and  many  of  the  leucorrheal  discharges  to 
which  females  are  subject. 

METROCAMPSIS.  Hysteroloxia. 

METROCARCUNO  MA,  Cancer  u'teri,  from 
fiijT^a,  'the  uterus,'  and  xagxircpa,  'cancer.' 
Cancer  of  the  uterus. 

METROCELIDES,  Nsevus. 

METRODYNIA,  Melralgia. 

METROILE'MIA,  Hypcrmetrohimie,  from 
^.ijr^a,  'the  uterus,'  and  'a.iy.u,  'blood.'  Hy- 
persemia  or  congestion  of  blood. 

METROHEMORRHACE,  Metrorrhagia. 


METROLOXIA 


4SG 


MICROCOSM 


METROLOXIA,  Hysteroloxia. 

METROMANIA.  Nymphomania. 

MET ROPATHI'A,  from  fujigx,  'the  womb,' 
and  7ra6og,  'affection.'  An  affection  of  the 
womb. 

M£TRO~P&RITOmTEPUERP£RJlLE,see 
Peritonitis. 

METROPERITONITIS,  from  /tyroa,  'the 
uterus,'  and  peritonitis.  Inflammation  of  the 
uterus  and  peritoneum.  Puerperal  Fever.  See 
Peritonitis. 

METROPHLEBITIS  PUERPERALIS,  see 
Phlebitis. 

METROPOL'YPUS,  from  fiVTQa,'lhe  uterus,' 
and  'polypus.    Polypus  of  the  uterus. 

METROPTOSIS.  Prolapsus  uteri. 

METRORRHAGIA,  Hamorrha'gia  uteri' na, 
San  gut jltix  us  alert'  utis,  Hscmorrha'a  uteri  na, 
(of  some.)  Menorrhagia,  (of  some.)  Uterine 
Hemorrhage,  Hemorrhage  from  the  Womb.  Me- 
trohemorrhage,  Hsemntotnetra,  Haeiuatoma'tra,  (F.) 
H&morrhagie  de  la  Mutrice,  Pertes,  Pertes  utcrines 
rouges,  P.  de.  saner,  from  ftrrrga,  'the  womb,'  and 
tiijywfx.1,'1  break  forth.'  An  effusion  of  blood  from 
the  inner  surface  of  the  uterus,  either  at  the  men- 
strual or  other  periods;  but  in  a  greater  quantity 
than  proper.  Uterine  hemorrhage  may  be  caused 
by  those  influences  which  produce  hemorrhnge 
in  general.  It  happens,  how  ever,  more  frequently 
during  pregnancy,  and  during  or  after  delivery, 
when  the  vascular  system  of  the  uterus  is  so 
circumstanced  as  to  favour  its  occurrence  more 
than  at  other  periods.  The  termination  of  me- 
trorrhagia is  usually  favourable.  Should  it 
however,  be  very  copious,  or  frequently  recur; 
or,  should  it  happen  to  a  great  extent  after  de- 
livery, death  m:iy  occur  very  speedily;  and,  in 
some  cases,  without  the  discharge  being  per- 
ceptible; constituting  internal  hemorrhage. 

Uterine  hemorrhage  may  be  active  or  passive; 
requiring  obviously  a  different  treatment.  The 
general  managment  is  similar  to  that  of  he- 
morrhage  in  general,  (q.  v.;)  as  the  horizontal 
posture:  acid  drinks;  free  admission  of  cool 
air;  cold  applications  to  the  loins,  thighs,  and 
abdomen;  injection  of  cold  water,  even  of  iced 
water,  into  the  vagina;  plugging  the  vagina. 
so  as  to  prevent  the  discharge  per  taginam,  and 
thus  induce  a  coagulum  in  the  mouths  of  the 
bleeding  vessel.  Such  will  he  the  special  plan 
adopted  where  the  hemorrhage  has  occurred  in 
one  not  recently  delivered.  In  uterine  hemor- 
rhage, after  delivery,  the  same  cooling  plan 
must  be  followed;  but.  as  the  flow  of  blood  is 
owing  to  the  uterus  not  contracting  so  as  to 
ronslringe  its  vessels,  pressure  must  he  made 
on  the  abdomen  to  aid  this;  and,  if  necessary, 
the  hand  must  be  introduced  into  the  uterus  to 
stimulate  it  to  contraction.  Should  the  female 
be  excessively  reduced,  so  as  to  render  the  ac- 
coucheur apprehensive  that  she  may  expire 
from  loss  of  blood,  brandy  may  he  exhibited. 
The  profuse  exhibition  of  opium  in  such  cases, 
is,  at  least,  a  doubtful  plan. 

Transfusion  (q  v.)  has,  at  times,  been  prac- 
tised as  a  last  resource. 

METRORRHEXIS.  Uterus,  rupture  of  the. 

METROSCOPE,  Melroscop'ium:  from  fiLtrro*, 
'  the  uterus,'  and  rxontir, '  t<>  view.'  An  instru- 
ment, invented  by  M  Nauche,  for  listening  to 
the  sounds  of  the  heart  of  the  fetus  in  utero, 
and  for  feeling  its  motion,  at  a  period  of  ulero- 
gestation,  when  the  sounds  and  movements  are 


imperceptible  through  the  pari e tea  of  the  abdo- 
men. The  extremity  of  tlie  instrument  —  the 
first  notion  of  which  was  given  to  M.  Nauche 
by  the  stethoscope  of  Lagnnec — is  introduced 
into  the  vagina  and  applied  against  the  neck  of 
the  uterus 

METROTOMIA.  Cesarean  section. 

MEU,  ^Ethusa  meum. 

MEULItRE,  Molar. 

MEUM,  jEthusa  meum. 

MEURTRISSURE,  Contusion. 

JV1EVIUM,  Syphilis. 

MEZEA.  Genital  organs. 

MEZEREON,  Daphne  rnezereum.         % 

MIAMMA,  Miasma. 

MI  ANSIS,  Miasma, 

M1ARIA,  Miasma. 

MIAS'MA,  Miasm,  uiacfua,  'a  stain,'  from 
(naivw,  '1  contaminate;'  Miami  ma,  Mia/si*, 
Mia'  ria.Mias'  mus,  Inquinamen'tum,  Coutt; 
The  word  miasm  has,  by  some,  been  employed 
synonymously  with  contagion,  it  is  now  used 
more  definitely  for  any  emanation,  either  from 
the  bodies  of  the  sick,  or  from  animal  and  vpge« 
table  substances,  or  from  the  earth,  espi 
in  marshy  districts,  (Marsh  poison,  Efflu'vium 
/talus' ire,  Gas  pains' Ire  (F  )  Intoxication  des 
Morals,')  which  may  exert  a  morbid  influence 
on  those  who  are  exposed  to  its  action  To 
these  terrestrial  emanations  —  the  Koino-mias- 
mala  of  Dr  E.  Miller  of  New  York — the  Italians 
give  the  name  aria  catliva,  but,  more  commonly, 
malaria;  a  word  which  has  been  adopted  into 
other  languages.  The  deleterious  effluvia,  ori- 
ginating fiom  the  decomposition  of  matter  de- 
j  rived  from  the  human  body,  have  been  called 
by  Dr.  Miiler,  Idiomiasmata :  the  epithets  Koino 
\  and  lilio  being  derived  respectively  from  koiiuc, 
'common,' and  idio;,  '  personal.'  Of  the  miasm* 
which  arise  either  from  the  animal  body  or  from 
the  most  unhealthy  situations,  we  know,  che- 
mically,  nothing.  All  that  we  do  know  is,  that, 
under  such  circumstances,  emanations  take 
place,  capable  of  causing  disease  in  many  of 
those  who  are  exposed  to  their  action. 

MIASMATIC,  Miasma t'icus.  Belonging  or 
relating  to  miasmata.  Sauvages,  in  Ins 
fication  of  diseases  according  to  their  etiology, 
has  a  class  under  the  name  Morbi  miasm  titter. 
The  fevers  that  arise  from  marsh v  miasms,  arc 
styled  mala'rious,  pulu'dal,  Ihlap'ijree,  Ilclopy- 
rcloi,  &c. 

MIASMUS,  Miasma. 

.MICE   1'ANIS.  see  Triticnm. 

MICATIO  CORDIS,  Systole. 

MICHE'LIA  CHAM'PACA,  Champaca, 
Miclulia  Tsjampaca,  Tsjampaca.  An  Oriental 
tree,  much  prized  for  the  odour  and  beauty  <>t 
its  flowers.  The  oily  infusion  of  the  flowers  is 
employed  in  the  Moluccas  in  headache. 

MICOSIS,  Frambcesia. 

MICRENCEPHALY  UM.  Cerebellum. 

MICRENCEPHALY!.  Cerebellum. 

MICROMCEPH'ALUS,  Microcra'm'us,  from 
|U'x§',c,  '  small,'  and  nupuhtj,  '  head.'  A  monster 
having  a  small  head,  or  a  small  cranium. 

MICROCRANIU8,  Microcephalia. 

Ml'CROCOSM,  Microcos'mus,  from  /j./kooc, 
'little,'  and  neo-/*oCi  'world.'  A  little  world. 
Some  philosophers  have  given  this  appellation 
to  man,  whom  they  consider  as  the  epitome  of 
all  that  is  admirable  in  the  world.  The  world 
they  call  Macrocosm. 


MICROCOSMA  SCIENTIA 


487 


MILK,  MARES' 


MICROCOSMA  SCIENTIA,  Physiology. 

MICROCOSMOGRAPHlA,  Physiology. 

MICROCOUS'TIC,  Mi  crocus' ti'cus.  from  /ui- 
xoog,  'small,'  and  axoua,  'I  hear.'  This  word, 
as  well  as  Microphonous,  from  ftixgis, '  small,' 
and  «oh'j;,  'voice,'  means  any  thing  that  con- 
trihutes  to  increase  the  intensity  of  sound — as 
the  speaking  trumpet — by  collecting  the  sono- 
rous rays. 

MICROGLOSSIA,  from  ptxeos,  '  small,'  and 
yXwoaa. '  tongue. '    Original  smallness  of  tongue. 

MICROLEUCONYMPHjEA,Nymphajaalba. 

MICROM'ELUS,  Hemimeles,  from  ^ixgoj, 
1  small,'  and  y.f'/.cc,  '  a  limb.'  A  monster  having 
imperfectly  developed  extremities. 

MICROMM  ATI'S,  Microphthalmos. 

MICROPHONOUS,  Microcoustic. 

MICROPHTHALMOS,  from  fttxQoc, •  little,' 
and  o(p&a.X/uog,  'eye.'     One  who  has  small  eyes. 

MICROPHTHAL'MUS,  Microm'matus,  from 
uiKOog,  'small,'  and  o<p6cd/u.sc,  'eye.'  A  mon- 
ster with  too  small,  or  imperfectly  developed 
eyes. 

MICROR'CHIDES,  from  /ttxQog,  'small,' 
and  ogvi?,  'a  testicle.'  They  who  have  very 
small  testicles. 

MI'CROSCOPY,  Microscop'ium ,-  from  ft.ix.Qos, 
'small;'  and  many,  '  a  view.'  Observation  by 
the  microscope;  an  important  agency  in  the  ex- 
amination ol  the  healthy  and  morbid  tissues. 

MICROSPHYC'TOS',  same  etymon  as  the 
next.     One  who  has  a  small  pulse. 

MICROSPHYXIA,  from  fttxpog,  and  a<pvY/t,ig, 
'pulse.'     Smallness  or  weakness  of  pulse. 

M1CTIO  ORUENTA,  Hematuria  —  m.  In- 
opportuna,  Enuresis — m.  In voluntaria,  Enure- 
sis— m    Sancninea,  Hematuria. 

MICTUlUT"ION,  Mictio,  Mictus,  from  Mic- 
turio,  'I  make  water.'  The  act  of  making 
water. 

MICTUS  CRUENTUS,  Hematuria. 

MIDRIFF,  Diaphragm. 

MIDWIFE,  from  mi&, '  with,'  and  pip/wife;' 
or,  from  rmb,  '  meed,'  'recompense,'  and  pi>-, 
'wife.'  Matro'nii,  Obstet'rix,  Hypereftria,  Mma, 
Mautria,  Aces'toris,  (F.)  Sngejemme,  Accou- 
cheuse.    A  female  who  practises  midwifery. 

MIDWIFERY,  Obstetrics. 

MIEL,  Mel — m.  d' Acetate  de  Cuivre,  Lini- 
mentum  aeruginis — m. Mercuriale  compose,  Mel- 
litum  de  mercuriali  cornpositum — m.  Rosal,  Mel 
rosa?. 

MIEUTER.  Accoucheur. 

MIGRAWE,  Hemicrania. 

MIGRANA.  Hemicrania. 

Ml  KAMA  GUACO,Guaco. 

MILFOIL,  Achillea  millefolium. 

MIUA  RE,  Miliary  fever. 

MILIARIA  SUDANS,  Miliary  fever— m. 
Sudatoria,  Miliary  fever. 

MILIARIS  SUDATORIA,  Sudor  picardicus 

MIL'IARY  (FEVER,)  Emphlysis  milia'ria, 
Miliaria,  M.  sudans,  Miliaria.  M.  Sudato'ria. 
t'ebris  miliaria,  Excmthe'ma  miliaria,  Syn'ochus 
miliaria,  Asprc'do  miliacea,  Feliris  cssero'sa, 
/'.  puncticulu'ris,  F.  rulicvla'ris,  F.  vesicu- 
la'ris,  Purpura  puerpera'rum,  P.  milia'ris,  Fe- 
l/ris  purpura'  It  rubra  ft  alba  milia'ris,  Pur' pura 
alba  bejiig'na  el  malig'na,  Sudam'ina,  Pap'ulsc 
sudo'ris,  Millet-seed  ruslt,  (F.)  MUiairc,  Mi/lot, 
Povrpre  Wane,  Millet.  It  is  so  called  from  the 
eruption  resembling  the  seed  of  the  milium  or 
millet.     Fever,  accompanied  by  an  eruption  of 


small,  red,  isolated  pimples,  rarely  confluent, 
but  almost  always  very  numerous,  slightly 
raised  above  the  skin,  and  presenting,  at  the 
end  of  24  hours,  a  small  vesicle  filled  with  a 
white  transparent  fluid;  which  quicklv  dries 
up,  and  separates  in  the  form  of  scales.  Miliary 
fever  is  now  rare,  in  consequence  of  the  cool- 
ing practice  in  fevers  and  other  states  of  the 
system.  It  is  almost  always  brought  on  by 
external  heat,  and  hence  the  prevention  is  ob- 
vious. The  treatment  is  simple.  It  requires 
merely  the  antiphlogistic  regimen,  in  ordinary 
cases. 

Miliary  Granulations  or  Tubercles,  see 
Granulation. 

MILH  SEMINA.  Panicum  Italicum. 

MILIOLUM.  Diminutive  of  milium,  'mil- 
let,' Cenchrid'ion.  A  small  tumour  on  the  eye- 
lids, resembling,  in  size,  a  millet-seed. 

MILITARIS  HERBA,  Achillea  millefolium. 

MILIUM,  Grutuin.  Panicum  miliaceum,  see 
Hydatid — m.  Indicum,  Panicum  Italicum— m. 
Solis,  Lithospermum  officinale. 

MILK,  Sax.  meolc,  Lac,  Gala,  (F.)  Lait.  A 
fluid,  secreted  by  the  mammary  glands  of  the 
females  of  the  mammalia.  The  skimmed  milk 
of  the  cvw,  (F.)  Luit  de  Vache,  contains  water. 
caseous  matter,  traces  of  butter,  sugar  of  milk, 
chloride  of  sodium,  phosphate,  and  acetate  ol 
potass,  lactic  acid,  lactate  of  iron,  and  earthy 
phosphate.  The  cream  is  formed  of  butter, 
caseum,  and  whey,  in  which  there  is  sucjar  of 
milk  and  sails.  Cow's  milk  is  employed  for 
the  preparation  of  cream,  butter,  cheese",  whey, 
sugar  of  milk,  and  frangipane.  It  is  useful  in 
a  number  of  cases  of  poisoning;  either  by  act- 
ing as  a  demulcent,  or  by  decomposing  certain 
poisons,  or  by  combining  with  others  so  as  to 
neutralize  them.  It  is  constantly  employed  as 
aliment,  and  may  be  regarded  as  an  emulsion 
in  which  butter  and  caseum  are  found  in  sus- 
pension. When  taken  into  the  stomach,  it.  is 
coagulated  by  the  gastric  fluids,  and  the  coacru- 
lum  is  digest*  d  like  any  other  solid.  The  wa- 
tery parts  are  absorbed. 

Milk,  Almond,  Einulsio  amygdalae. 

Milk,  Asses',  (F.)  Luit  d' unease,  consider- 
ably resembles  human  milk,  of  which  it  has  the 
consistence,  smell,  and  taste:  but  it  contains  a 
little  less  cream,  and  more  soft,  caseous  matter. 
It  is  often  used  by  those  labouring  under  pul- 
monary affections. 

Milk,  Ewes',  (F.)  Lait  de  Brehis.  It  affords 
more  cream  than  cows'  milk;  but  the  butter  is 
softer.  The  caseum,  on  the  contrary,  is  fatter, 
and  more  viscid.  It  contains  less  serum  than 
cows'  milk.  The  Roquefort  cheeses  are  made 
from  it. 

Milk,  Goats',  (F.)  Lait  de  Chevre,  resem- 
bles cows'  milk:  the  butyraceous  matter,  how- 
ever, which  enters,  into  its  composition,  is  more 
solid  than  that  of  the  cow. 

Milk,  Human,  (F.)  Lait  defemme, — contains 
more  sugar,  milk,  and  cream  and  less  caseum, 
than  cows'  milk.  Its  composition  differs  ac- 
cording to  the  distance  of  time  from  delivery 

Mi i.k  Knots,  (F.)  Ganglions  laitcvz.  The 
knots  oftei^  observed  in  the  breast  alter  inflam- 
mation of  the  organ,  or  for  some  time  after  the 
suppression  of  the  secretion.  They  generally 
end  by  resolution. 

Milk,  Males',  Sperm. 

Milk,  Mares",   (F.)  Lait   de  Jumcnt, — con- 


MILK  SCALL 


483 


MINT,  COCK 


tains  only  a  small  quantity  of  fluid  butyraceous 
matter;  a  little  caseum,  softer  than  that  of 
cows'  milk,  and  more  serum. 

From  a  considerable  number  of  experiments, 
Messrs.  Deveux  and  Pnrmentier  class  the  six- 
kinds  of  milk  which  they  examined  according 
to  the  following  table,  as  regards  the  relative 
quantity  of  the  materials  they  contain. 


Caseum. 

Butler. 

Sugar 
of  Milk. 

Serum. 

Ass 

Woman 

Mare 

Goat 

Sheep 

Cow 

Sheep 

Cow 

Goat 

Woman 

Ass 

Mare 

Ass 

Woman 

Mare 

Woman 

Ass 
Mare 

Cow 
Goat 

Sheep 

Cow 
Goat 
Sheep 

Milk  Scall,  Forrigo  larvalis. 

Milk  Sickness,  Skk  stomach,  Sioump  sick- 
ness, Tires,  Slows,  Stiff  joints,  Puking  fever, 
River  sickness.  A  disease  occasionally  ob- 
served in  the  States  of  Alabama,  Indiana,  and 
Kentucky,  which  affects  both  man  and  cattle, 
but  chiefly  the  latter.  It  is  attributed  in  cattle 
to  something  eaten  or  drunk  by  them;  and  in 
man  to  the  eating  of  the  flesh  of  animals  la- 
bouring under  the  disease.  Owing  to  the  tre- 
mors that  characterize  it  in  animals,  it  is  called 
the  Tremlihs. 

The  symptoms  of  the  disease  are  such  as  are 
produced  by  the  acronarcotic  class  of  poisons 
— vomiting,  purging,  extreme  nervous  agita- 
tion, &c.:  and  the  approved  indications  of  treat- 
ment appear  to  be — gentle  emetics  and  laxa- 
tives, with  quiet,  and  mucilaginous  drinks. 

Mi  lk, Snakes',  Euphorbia  corolla  la — m.  Spots, 
Strophulus — m.  Sugar  of,  Sugar  of  milk — m.  of 
Sulphur,  Sulphur  prsecipitatum — m.  sweet,  Ga- 
lium verum — m.  Vetch,  Astragalus  verus — m. 
Vetch, stemless,  Astragalus exscapus — m.  Weed, 
Apocynum  androsaemifoliuin,  Asclepias  Syriaca, 
Euphorbia  corollata — m.  Wort,  bitter,  Poly  gala 
amara — m.  Wort, common,  Polygala — m.  Woit, 
dwarf,  Polygala  paucifolia — rn.  Wort,  rattle- 
snake, Polygala. 

MILL  MOUNTAIN,  Linum  catharticum. 

MILLEFEV1LLE,  Achillea  millefolium. 

MILLEFOLIUM,  Achillea  millefolium. 

MILLEMORBIA  SCROPHULARlA,  Scro- 
phularia  nodosa. 

MILLEPEDES.  Onisei  aselli. 

MILLEPERTUIS  ORDIjY.HRE,  Hyperi- 
cum perforatum. 

MILLET,  Apblha3,  Miliary  fever—  m.  Bar- 
badoes,  Panicum  Italicum —  m.  Common,  Pani- 
cum  miliaceum — in.  Indian,  Panicum  Italicum 
— m.  des  Oiseaux,  Panicum  Italicum — m.  Ordi- 
naire, Panicum  miliaceum.. 

MILLET-SEED  RASH,  Miliary  fever. 

MILLIGRAMME,  from  milk,  'a  thousand,' 
and  you^s, '  a  gramme.'  The  thousandth  pail 
of  a  gramme; — about  0.0 1  o4  Troy  grain. 

MILLIGRANA,  Herniaria  glabra. 

MILLIMETRE,  from  milk,  'a  thousand,' 
and  (ctrgov,  'measure.'  The  thousandth  part  of 
the  metre;— equal  to  0.03937  Engl,  inch,  or 
about  two-fifths  of  a  line. 

MILLOT,  Miliary  fever. 

MILPH-flD,  Madarosis. 

MILPHOSIS,  Madarosis. 


MILTWASTE.Asplenium. 

MIMOSA  1MLOTICA,  see  Acacia;  gummi 
— m.  Scandens,  Cachang-Parang— in.  Senegal, 
see  Senegal,  gum. 

MIND,  ABSENCE  OF,  Aphelxia  socors— 
m.  Abstraction  of,  Aphelxia  inlenta — m.  Un- 
sound, Insanity. 

MLNERAL1UM,  Antimonium. 

MINER'S  ELBOW.  An  enlargement  of  a 
bursa  over  the  olecranon,  occurring  in  such  as 
are  in  the  habit  of  leaning  much  upon  it;  and, 
therefore,  often  seen  in  those  who  work  on  the 
side  in  low-roofed  mines. 

MLVIMUM.  A  minim,  'the  least  part  or 
portion.'  The  GUlh  part  of  a  fluidrachm.  This 
measure  has  been  introduced  by  the  London 
College  of  Physicians,  in  consequence  of  the 
uncertainty  of  the  size  of  the  drop,  (see  Gutta.) 
The  subdivision  of  the  wine  pint  has,  accord- 
ingly, been  extended  to  the  130th  part  of  the 
fluidrachm;  and  glass  measures,  called  "minim 
measures,"  have  been  adopted  by  the  London 
College,  The  proportion  between  the  minims 
and  the  drops  of  various  fluid  preparations  is 
exhibited  in  the  following  table.  The  results 
were  obtained  by  Mr.  E.  Durand,  a  skilful 
pharmucien,  of  Philadelphia,  under  circum- 
stances as  regards  the  different  articles,  as 
nearly  identical  as  possible. 

Table  of  the  Number  of  Drops  of  diffe- 
rent Liquids  equivalent  to  a  Fluidrachm. 

Drops. 

Acid  Acetic  Crystallizable, 120 

Acid  Hydrocyanic  (Medicinal,) 45 

Muriatic, 54 

Nitric, 84 

diluted  (1  to  7,) 51 

Sulphuric, 0(1 

aromatic, 120 

diluted  (I  to  7,) 51 


Alcohol  (rectified  Spirit,) 13d 

Alcohol,  diluted  (proof  Spirit,) J2fl 

Arsenite  of  Potassa,  solution  of, 57 

Ether,  Sulphuric, 150 

Oil   of  Aniseed,  Cinnamon,  Cloves,  Pep- 
permint, Sweet  Almonds,  Olives...   120 
Tincture  of  Asafoelida,  Foxglove,  Guaiac, 

Opium, 120 

Tincture  of  Chloride  of  Iron, 132 

Vinegar,  distilled, 78 

of  Colchicum, 7> 

of  Opium  (black  drop,) 7^ 

of  Squill, 7c 

Water,  distilled 45 

Water  of  Ammonia  (strong,) 54 

Do.  do.        (weak,) 45 

Wine  (Teneriffe,) 7H 

Antimonial, 72 

of  Colchicum, 7> 

of  Opium, 7rf 

MINISTER  GYMNASTS,  Pcedotriba. 

MINIUM,  Plumbi  oxydum  rubrum  —  m.  Gra- 
coruin,  Hydrargyri  sulphuretum  rubrum — in- 
Purnm.  Hydrar<ryri  sulphuretum  rubrum. 

MINORATlVUS.  Laxative. 

MINT.  COCK,  Tanacetum  balsamita— m. 
Curled,  Mentha  crispa — m.  Cat,  Nepeta — in. 
Horse,  Monnrda  coccinea  and  M.  punctata — m. 
Horse,  sweet,  Cunila  Mariana — m.  Hyssop- 
leaved,  Mentha  cervina — m.  Mountain,  Monarda 
coccinea  —  m.  Pepper,  Mentha  piperita  —  m. 
Spear,  Mentha  viridis — m.  Squaw,  Hedeoma  — 


MINUTHESIS 


469 


MITTE 


m.  Stone,  Cunila  Mariana— m.  Water,  Mentha 
aquatica. 

MFNUTHESIS,  Meiosis. 

MIS  A  NTH  ROT  I  A,  Misan' thropy,  Exanlhro'- 
pia,  from  (*ktos,  'hatred,'  and  ar3(iu)7ioc,  'man.' 
Aversion  for  men  and  society; — a  symptom  of 
melancholy,  and  hypochondriasis. 

MISCARRIAGE,  Abortion. 

MISERERE  MEI,  Ileus. 

MISHME  TEETA,  Coptis  teeta. 

MISMAR,  Mcsemar.  A  name  given  by  Avi- 
cenna  to  a  kind  of  nodus,  which  forms  on  the 
toes  as  the  sequel  of  contusion  or  inflammation 
of  those  parts. 

MISOPTO'CHOS,  from  fiiaog,  'hatred,'  and 
nrutjog,  '  poor.'  That  which  has  hatred  for  the 
poor.  The  gout  (q.  v.)  has  been  so  called  by 
some,  because  it  commonly  affects  the  rich. 

MIS'TLETOE,  Viscum  album. 

MISTU'RA.  A  mixture,-  from  miscere,  mix- 
turn,  '  to  mix.'  A  mingled  compound,  in  which 
different  ingredients  are  contained  in  the  fluid 
state;  suspended  or  not  by  means  of  mucilagi- 
nous or  saccharine  matter.  In  this  sense,  it 
is  synonymous  with  the  French  Potion.  In 
France,  however,  the  word  mixture  is  more 
frequently  understood  to  mean  a  liquid  medi- 
cine, which  contains  very  active  substances, 
and  can  only  be  administered  by  drops.  A  mix- 
ture, in  other  words,  in  the  French  sense,  may 
be  regarded  as  a  potion,  (q.  v.)  deprived  of 
watery  vehicle. 

Mistura  Ac"idi  Hydrocyan'ici,  Mixture  of 
Prussic  acid,  Melange  pectoral  (Magendie.)  (Me- 
dicinal prussic  acid,  1  drachm,  distilled  water, 
,^14, pure  sugar,  ^iss.)  A  dessert  spoonful  every 
morning  and  evening,  as  a  pectoral,  &c. 

Mistura  Ammoni'aci,  Lac  ammoniaci,  Mix- 
ture of  ammoniac.  (Ammoniac.  :jij,  aquae  Oss. 
Rub  the  ammoniacum:  adding  the  water  gra- 
dually, until  they  are  perfectly  mixed.)  Dose, 
f.  Sss  to  f.  §j. 

Mistura  Amygdalk,  Emulsio  amygdala;. 

Mistura  Asafo/tidj'e,  Lac  asufeetidx,  Emul- 
sio ant  i  hijster'  ica,  Mixture  of  asafwtida,  (F.)  Lait 
(FasafaHida.  (Amfcctidx  gij,  aquae,  Oss.  Rub 
together,  adding  the  water  by  degrees.)  Used 
where  pills  cannot  be  swallowed,  and  as  a  glys- 
ter  in  irritations  during  dentition,  and  in  asca- 
rides.    Dose,  f.  _^ss  to  f.  ^iss. 

Mistura  Asafcetidje  pro  Clysmate,  Enema 
fcetidum. 

Mistura  Cabi'phor.'e,  Aqua  cnmphorx  (Ph. 
U.  S.),  Camphor  mixture,  Camphor  julep,  Mis- 
tura campltora'ta,  Juh/pium  e  camphora  sen  cam- 
phora'tum,  (F.)  Julep  camphorc.  (Camphor ^ss; 
rectified  spirit,  10  minims,  water,  a  pint.  Rub 
the  camphor  and  spirit;  add  the  water  and  fil- 
ter.) Virtues  like  those  of  camphor.  See 
Emulsio  camphora;. 

Mistura  Cornu  Usti,  Dccoc'tum.  cornuccrvi'ni, 
Decoc'tum  album,  Decoction  of  burnt  hart  shorn, 
Mixture  of  burnt  hartshorn.  (Cornuum  ust.glj, 
acacix  gum.  cont.  §j,  aqux  Oiij.  Boil  to  Oij, 
constantly  stirring  and  strain.     Ph.  L  ) 

Mistura  Crf.tje,  Potio  car  bona' 'tis  calcis,  Mis- 
tura creta'ceu,  Mucila'go  cre'tica,  Chalk  mixture, 
Crcta'ceous  mixture, (V.)  Mixture  de  craie.  ( Cretx 
pp.  ^ss,  sacchar.,  acacix  gum.  in  pulv.  aa  ^ij, 
aqux  annum.,  aquse,  aa  f.  ^iv.  Mix.  Ph.  U.S.) 
Antacid  and  absorbent.     Dose,  f. §j  to  f.  t^ij. 

Mistura  Diaboi.'ica.     A  mixture  under  this 
name  is  kept  in  military  hospitals  for  the  rnalin- 
32 


gerers.  It  is  made  of  sundry  nauseous  ingre- 
dients, as  aloes,  asafoetida,  castor,  &c,  and  is 
given  so  as  to  keep  up  a  disagreeable  impression 
on  the  gustatory  nerves. 

Mistura  Emeti'nne  Vomito'ria,  Emetic  Mix- 
ture of  emetine.  (Emetine,  4  gr.,  or ange-ftower 
water  5ij,  syrup,  t^ss,  M.)  A  dessert  spoonful 
every  half  hour  till  it  acts. 

Mistura  Ferri  Compos'ita,  Compound  mix- 
ture of  iron,  (F.)  Mixture  de  fer  composce,  Grif- 
fith's mixture.  (Myrrh  cont.  ^j,  potassx  curb. 
gr.  xxv,  aqux  rosx  f.  §viiss,  ferri  sulph.  cont. 
h)j,  sp.  lavand.  §ss,  sacchar.  gj.  Rub  together 
the  myrrh,  subcarbonate  of  potass,  and  sugar; 
then  add,  while  triturating,  the  rose-water,  spi- 
rit of  nutmeg;  and,  lastly,  the  sulphate  of  iron. 
Pour  the  mixture  directly  into  a  glass  bottle, 
and  stop  it  close.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is  tonic  and 
emmenagogue,  and  is  useful  wherever  iron  is 
indicated. 

Mistura  Guai'aci,  Mixture  of  guai'ac,  Lac 
guaiaci,  Emul'sio  guaiaci'na,  Mistura  guaiaci 
gurnmo'sa,  M.  gummi  gua'iaci  Bergeri,  Solu'tio 
guaiaci  gurnmo'sa,  S.  rcsi'nx  guaiaci  aquo'sa, 
(F.)  Mixture  de  Gayac.  (Guaiac.  G. resin,  giss, 
sacch.  pur.  gij,  muc.  acacix  gum.  gij,  aq.  cinnam. 
f.  jfviij.  Rub- the  guaiacum  with  the  sugar; 
then  with  the  mucilage.  Add,  gradually,  the 
cinnamon  water.  Ph.  L.)  Dose,  f.  gss  to  f.^ij. 
Mistura  Gummi  Guaiaci  Bergeri,  Mistura 
Guaiaci — m.  Leniens,  Looch  ex  ovo. 

Mistura  Moschi,  Musk  Mixture,  Mistura 
moscha'ta.  (Moschi,  acacix  gum.  contus.,  sacch. 
purifi,  sing,  gj,  aq.  rosx  f.  ^vj.  Rub  the  musk 
with  the  sugar;  add  the  gum,  and,  by  degrees, 
the  rose-water.  Ph.  L.)  Dose,  f.  ^ss  to  f.  ?ij. 
Mistura  Strychnine,  Mixture  of  strychnia. 
(Distilled  water,  ^ij,  very  pure  strychnia,  1  gr., 
ichite  sugar  ^ij,  M.)  Dose,  a  dessert  spoonful. 
Mistura  Sulphurico-acida,  Elixir  a'cidum 
Halleri — m.  Vulneraria  acida,  Jirquebusade, 
Eau  d\ 

MITELLA,  Sling. 

MITH'RIDATE,  Mifhrida'lium,  Antid'otum 
Milhridalum,  Diascin'ci  antid'otus,  Confec'tio 
Damoc'ratis.  A  very  compound  electuary,  into 
which  entered — Myrrh,  of  Arabia,  Saffron,  Aga- 
ric, Ginger,  Cinnamon,  Frankincense,  Garlic, 
Mustard,  Birthwort,  Galbanum,  Castor,  Long 
pepper,  Opoponax,  Bdellium,  Gum  fa-abic,  Opium, 
Gentian,  Orris,  Sagapenum,  Valerian,  Acacia, 
Hypericum,  Canary  wine,  Honey,  &c.  It  was 
invented  by  Mithridates,  king  of  Pontus  and 
Bilhynia,  and  was  formerly  regarded  as  alexi- 
pharmic.  It  is  little  used  at  the  present  day  ; 
and,  from  its  heterogeneous  nature,  should  be 
wholly  abandoned. 

M1TRA  H1PPOCRATICA,  Bonnet  d' Hippo- 
crate. 

MITRAL,  Mitra'lis.  Having  the  form  of  a 
mitre;  resembling  a  bishop's  mitre. 

Mitral  Valves,  Vai'vulx  ndtra'les,  V.  epis- 
copu'les.  Two  triangular  valves  at  the  open- 
ing of  communication  between  the  left  auricle 
of  the  heart  and  the  corresponding  ventricle. 
These  valves  are  formed  by  the  inner  mem- 
brane of  the  left  cavities  of  the  inner  heart; 
and  are  retained  on  the  side  of  the  ventricle  by 
tendinous  coids,  proceeding  from  the  columnce 
carneae.  They  form  a  species  of  valves,  which 
permit  the  blood  to  pass  from  the  auricle  into 
the  ventricle  and  oppose  its  return. 

MITTE  (F.),  Effu'vium   Latriaa'rium.     An 


MIXTURE 


490 


MOLAR 


emanation  exhaled  from  privies,  which  strong- 
ly irritates  the  eyes.  It  consists  of  ammonia, 
united  to  the  carbonic  'and  hydro-sulphuric 
acids. 

MIXTURE,  Mistura— m.  of  Ammoniac,  Mis- 
tura  ammoniaci—  m.  of  Asafcetida,  Mistura  asa- 
foetidae — m.  Calmanle,  Looch  ex  ovo — m.  Cam- 
phor, Mistura  camphorse — m.  Chalk,  Mistura 
cretae — to.  de  Craie,  Mistura  cretae — m.  Cretace- 
ous, Mistura  ere  tae — m.  of  Emetine,  emetic,  Mis- 
tura emetinse  vomitoria — m.  de  Fer  composee, 
Mistura  ferri  composita — to  de  Gayac,  Mistura 
Guaiaci — m.  Griffith's,  Mistura  ferri  composita 
—  m.  of  Guaiac,  Mistura  Guaiaci — m.  of  Harts- 
horn, burnt,  Mistura  cornu  usti — m.  of  Iron, 
compound,  Mistura  ferri  composita. 

Mixture,  Hope's.  A  mixture  recommended  i 
by  Mr.  Hope,  in  diarrhoea  and  dysentery.  It  is 
essentially  a  nitrate  of  morphia.  Although  the 
proposer  employed  the  acidum  nitrosum  of  the 
Edinburgh  Pharmacopoeia,  nitric  acid  is  gene- 
rally used.  (Acid,  nitros.  f.  gj ;  Aquse  camphor,  f. 
^viij;  Tinct.  opii  gtt.  xl.  M.)  Dose,  a  fourth  part 
.very  three  or  four  hours. 

Mixture,  Musk,  Mistura  moschi — m.  Neu- 
tral, Liquor  potassee  citratis — m.  of  Prussic  acid, 
Mistura  acidi  hydrocyanici.  • 

Mixture,  Scudamore's.  A  mixture  recom- 
mended by  Sir  C.  Scudamore  in  gouty  and 
rheumatic  affections,  and  much  prescribed  in 
the  United  Slates.  Magnes.  sulph.  §j — gij: 
.Iqvse  menthse  f.  § x;  Jlcell  colchic.  f.  3;j — f.  £iss; 
Syrup  croci  f.  3J;  Magnes.  Jviij.  M.  Dose,  one, 
two  or  three  tablespoonfnls,  repeated  every  two 
hours  in  a  paroxysm  of  gout,  until  from  four 
to  six  evacuations  are  produced  in  the  twenty- 
four  hours. 

Mixture  of  Strychnia,  Mistura  strychnia^. 

MJNEME,  Memory. 

Mneme  Cephal'icum  Bai/samum.  A  very 
compound  medicine,  into  which  entered  Balm, 
Lily,  Rosemary,  Lavender,  Borage,  Broom,  Roses, 
Violet,  Saffian,  Thyme,  Storax,  Galbanum,  &c. 

MNEMONEUT1CE,  Mnemonics. 

MNEMONICS,  Mnemon'ice,  Mnemoneu'tice, 
from  fjuvaofjiai,  '1  recollect.'  The  art  of  aiding 
the  memory  by  signs;  and  of  forming,  in  some 
sort,  an  artificial  memory. 

MOANING,  from  Sax.  mjenan,  'to  grieve.' 
Respiru!  tio  luctuo'sa,  Mychthis'mos.  A  plaintive 
respiration,  in  which  the  patient  utters  audible 
groans. 

MOBILE,  see  Saint  Augustine. 

MOBILITY,  Mobil'itos,  from  mobilis,  con- 
traction of  movibilis,  '  that  can  be  moved.'  The 
power  of  being  moved.  In  physiology,  great 
nervous  susceptibility,  often  joined  to  a  disposi- 
tion to  convulsion.  Greatly  developed  excita- 
bility. 

MOCASIN  ELOWER,  Cypripedium  lu- 
teum. 

MOCHLIA.  Reduction  of  a  luxated  bone; 
from  fio^Xo?,  a  lever. 

MOCHLICUS,  Purgative. 

MOCK-KNEES.  Crusla  genu  equina 

MODELLING  PROCESS.  A  term  proposed 
by  Dr.  Macartney,  of  Dublin,  to  signify  the 
mode  in  which  wounds  aie  healed  without  in- 
flammation or  suppuration;  by  a  deposite  of 
plastic  matter  from  the  surface  of  the  wound 
by  which  the  gap  is  more  rapidly  filled, — por- 
tion being  laid   upon  portion,  without  waste, 


after  the  manner  of  clay  in  the  hands  of  the 
sculptor: — hence  the  term. 

MODI'OLUS, '  the  nave  of  a  wheel.'  A  hol- 
low cone  in  the  cochlea  of  the  ear,  forming  a 
nucleus,  axis,  or  central  pillar,  round  which 
the  gyri  of  the  cochlea  pass.  The  modiolus 
forms  the  inner  and  larger  portion  of  the  cen- 
tral pillar,  and  is  the  cavity  seen  at  the  bottom 
of  the  meatus  auditorius  internus.  It  lodges 
a  branch  of  the  auditory  nerve.  The  central 
portion  of  the  modiolus  contains  a  number  of 
minute  canals,  and  is  called  in  consequence 
Tr actus  spiralis  forarninulo' sus.  Into  these  the 
nerves  of  the  cochlea  enter,  and  pass  out  at 
right  angles  between  the  bony  plates  forminn- 
the  Zona  ossea  of  the  lamina  spiralis,  to  be  ex- 
panded on  the  membranous  portion  of  the  la- 
mina. 

Modiolus  also  means  the  crown  of  the  trepan. 

MODIUS.  A  dry  measure,  the  third  of  an 
amphora,  equal  to  the  bushel. — Varro. 

MODUS  OPERAN'DI,  'mode  of  operating.' 
This  term  is  applied  to  the  general  principle 
upon  which  remedies  act  in  morbid  states  of 
the  body ; — a  subject  of  much  interest,  although 
involved  in  considerable  obscurity. 

The  following  classification  will  convey  some 
idea  of  the  ways  in  which  different  organs  may 
be  excited  into  action. 

1.  By  actual  or  immediate  contact  of  the  remedy,  and 

by  absorption  or  mediate  contact. 

2.  By  an  impulse  conveyed  by  the  nerves,  through  an 

impression  made  on  the  stomach  or  elsewhere. 

3.  By  contiguous  or  continuous  sympathy,  or  by  that 

which  is  excited  by  mere  proximity  and  continuity 
of  parts. 

MOELLE,  Marrow — to.  Mongee,  Medulla 
oblongata — to.  Epini'ere,  Medulla  spinalis— m. 
Vertibrale,  Medulla  spinalis. 

MOFETTE,  see  Mephitism. 

MOFFAT,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Mof- 
fat is  a  village  situate  about  5(5  miles  S.  W.  of 
Edinburgh.  The  water  is  a  cold  sulphureous: 
containing,  in  a  wine  gallon,  3G  grains  of  chlo- 
ride of  sodium,  5  cubic  inches  of  carbonic  gas, 
4  of  azote,  and  10  of  sulphohydric  acid.  It  re- 
sembles Hanowgate  water  in  its  properties. 

A  strong  chalybeate  spring  was  discovered 
there  about  the  year  1 828,  which  contains  ses- 
quisulphate  of  peroxide  of  iron,  sulphate  of  alu- 
mina, and  uncombined  sulphuric  acid. 

MOGILA'LIA,  from  ftoyi?,  '  with  difficulty,' 
and  Xaketv,  'to  speak.'  Difficult  articulation. 
This  word  is  inaccurately  written  by  Paul  Zac- 
ch\as,—Mola'lia,  and  Molila'lia.  Impediment  of 
speech.     See  Balbuties. 

MOGOSTOCIA,  Dystocia. 

MOHAWK  TASSEL,  Eupatorium  purpu- 
reum. 

MO  IS,  Menses. 

MOISTURE.  Mador,  (F.)  Moiteur,  anciently 
moisteur.  Simple  humidity  of  the  skin.  The 
skin  is  said  to  be  moist  or  in  a  state  of  moisture, 
when  there  is  slight  perspiration. 

MOITEUR,  Moisture. 

MOLA,  Patella. 

MOLAGOCODI,  Piper  nigrum. 

MOLAIRE,  Molar. 

MOLALIA,  Mogilalia. 

MOLAR,  Mola'ris,  My'licus,  (F.)  Molairc, 
Meuliere.  That  which  bruises  or  grinds;  from 
molaris,  'a  grindstone,"  or  mola,  '  a  millstone.' 


MOLAR  GLANDS 


491 


MOLLITIES  OSSIUM 


Molar  Glands.  Two  small  bodies  formed 
by  a  collection  of  mucous  crypts;  seated  in  the 
substance  of  the  cheeks,  between  the  masseter 
and  buccinator  muscles,  and  whose  excretory 
ducts  open  into  the  mouth  opposite  the  last 
molar  tooth. 

Molar  Teeth,  Grinders,  Jaw  Teeth,  Molarcs 
permanen'tes  denies,  Denies  molares,  Gomphioi, 
When,  My'lodontes,  (F.)  Dents  molaires  ou 
mhclielilres,  occupy  the  farther  part  of  each 
alveolar  arch.  Their  coronae  are  broader  than 
they  are  high;  unequal,  tuberculated;  and  the 
roots  are  more  or  less  subdivided.  They  are 
20  in  number,  10  in  each  jaw.  The  first  two 
pairs  of  molar  teeth,  in  each  jaw,  have  been 
called  lesser  molares  or  bicuspid  (q.  v.),  Dentes 
bicuspida'ti.  The  coronas  have  two  tubercles; 
the  outer  being  more  prominent  and  larger  than 
the  inner.  The  root  is  commonly  simple;  some- 
times bifurcated.  The  other  three  pairs  have 
been  termed,  Great  molares — Dents  multicus- 
pidees  (Ch.)  Their  coronre  are  cubical,  round- 
ed, and  have,  at  the  upper  surface,  four  or  five 
tubercles,  separated  by  deep  furrows.  The  root 
is  divided  into  two,  three,  four,  and  five  fangs, 
which  are  more  or  less  curved.  The  third 
great  molaris  appears  a  long  time  after  the 
others;  and,  hence,  has  been  called  Dens  sapi- 
entiae  or  Wisdom  tooth. 

MOLASSES,  Meksses. 

MOLE,  Mola,  from  moles,  'mass.'  Mijle,  Ze- 
plujr'ius  fattus,  Germen  fa/sum,  Pseudocyc'sis 
molaris,  Graviditas  molaris.  A  fleshy,  insen- 
sible, at  times,  soft — at  others,  hard — mass;  of 
variable  and  indeterminate  size,  which  forms  in 
the  uterus,  and  is  slightly  united  by  vessels  to 
that  organ;  from  which  its  feeble  vitality  is  de- 
rived. It  has  been  conceived  by  some  to  be 
always  owing  to  imperfect  conception;  but 
moles  may  form  in  the  undoubted  virgin.  They 
seem  to  be  owing  to  a  morbid  process;  and  cer- 
tainly are  generally  connected  with  conception. 
At  times,  they  contain  parts  of  the  fcetus;  but 
commonly  do  not.  At  very  different  periods,  in 
■different  women,  the  diseased  mass  is  expelled 
from  the  uterus,  with  ordinary  symptoms  of 
abortion;  and  the  case  requires  similar  ma- 
nagement. See,  also,  Naevus  and  Conception, 
(false.) 

MOLE  PLANT,  Euphorbia  lathyris. 

MOL'ECULE,  Molec'ula,  Mass'ula,-  diminu- 
tive of  Moles,  'a  mass.'  A  minute  portion  of 
any  body.  Also,  the  cicatricula.,  ma'cula,  tread 
of  the  cock-,  or  embryo  part  of  the  impregnated 
ovum,  observable  by  the  microscope  before  the 
ovum  has  left  the  ovarium  of  the  hen.  It  lies 
under  the  epidermic  coats  of  the  yelk,  and  upon 
its  proper  coat.  If  the  ovum,  according  to  Va- 
lentin, be  lacerated  and  its  contents  minutely 
examined, the  cicatricula  is  found  like  a  grayish 
white  disk,  which  in  its  whole  periphery  is 
dense,  granulous,  and  opake,  but  in  the  centre 
presents  a  clear  nongranulous  and  perfectly  di- 
aphanous point.  Purkinje  found,  that  when  he 
removed  the  dark  granulous  mass  by  suction 
with  a  small  tube,  there  remained  a  perfectly 
transparent  vesicle  filled  with  a  pellucid  lymph, 
which  had  a  decidedly  spherical  form,  but  being 
extremely  delicate,  was  easily  lacerable,  and 
then  its  fluid  escaped.  As  he  found  this,  which 
later  naturalists  have  named — after  its  disco- 
verer— the  Purkinjean  vesicle,  in  the  ova  of  the 
ovary,  but  could  not  see  it  in  ova,  which  had 


already  entered  the  oviduct,  he  gave  it  the 
name  germinal  vesicle,  zesic'ula  prolif'era  seu 
gerrninati'va.  Besides  a  perfectly  colourless 
fluid,  this  contains  one  or  more  dark  corpuscles 
which  appear  as  nuclei  through  the  including 
membrane  in  the  shape  of  opake  spots — the 
germinal  spot — macu'la  gerrninati'va,  nu'clevs 
germinaii'vus.  The  granulous  membrane — its 
thickened  portion,  the  so  called  "cicatricula," 
— and  the  germinal  vesicle,  constitute  those 
parts  of  the  ovum,  which  pass  immediately  into 
the  original  foundation  of  the  embryo,  the  blas~ 
toderma  or  germinal  membrane. 

MOLECULAR,  Molecula'ris.  Of  or  belong- 
ing to  molecules  or  minute  portionsof  any  thing. 
Hence  molecular  death,  in  contradistinction  to 
somatic  death. 

MOLENE,  Verbascum  nigrum. 

MOLl'MEN,  from  mol.ior,  'to  move  or  stir.' 
'An  attempt  to  struggle.' 

Moli'ken  ILemorrhag"icum.  The  hemor- 
rhagic diathesis  or  impulsion. 

Mohmen  Hemorrhoida'l'js.  The  hemorrhoi- 
dal diathesis  or  impulsion.     See  Haimorrhois. 

Molimen  Menstrua'le.  The  menstrual  dia- 
thesis or  impulsion. 

MOLLESCENCE,  Mollities. 

MOLLET,  Sura. 

MOLLIPUFFS,  Lycoperdon. 

MOLLIS  MATER,  Pia  mater. 

MOLLP'TIES,  Molles'cence Malacw'mvs,  (¥.) 
Ramollissement;  from  mollis,  'soft.'  Preterna- 
tural softness  of  an  organ  or  part  of  an  organ. 

Moi.LiTfF.s  Cerebri,  Malaco'sis  Cer'ebri,  En- 
cephalomala'cia,Nccrenceph'alus  (W.  Farr,)  Ccr- 
tbromalacia,  Encephalosepsis,  Mollescence,  or  soft- 
ening, or  a  kind  of  liquefaction  of  the  cerebral 
substance;  the  remainder  preserving  its  ordi- 
nary consistency,  (F.)  Ramollissement  du  cer- 
veau.  The  neurine  often  contains  small  clots 
of  blood,  giving  rise  to  what  has  been  termed 
Apopbxie  capiltnire,  (Cruveilhier.)  The  symp- 
toms denoting  it  are  equivocal. 

Moi.li"ties  Medull'vE  Spina'lis,  (F.)  R.:. 
mollissemcnt  de  la  Motile  £piniere.  Soflenino- 
of  the  spinal  marrow. 

Mollities  Os'sium,  Malacosteo'sis,  Malacos'- 
teon,  EmollWies  os'sium,  Paros'iia  flez'ilis,  Os- 
teosarco'sis.  Spina  vento'sa  (of  some),  Osteomala' '- 
cia,  Soft'ening  of  the  bones,  (F.)  Osteo-rnalacic, 
Ostdn-rnulazie,  Osteomalakie,  Ramollissement 
des  os,  A  rare  alfection  in  which  the  bones  are 
deprived  of  their  salts,  particularly  of  the  phos- 
phate of  lime,  and  consist  only,  or  mainly,  of 
gelatin;  hence  they  acquire  a  degree  of  supple- 
ness which  renders  them  unfit  for  the  perfor- 
mance of  their  functions.  The  disease  gene- 
rally affects  all  the  bones;  but  it  is  especially 
remarkable  during  life  in  the  loner  bones, 
which  assume  any  curvature  that  may  be 
wished.  Very  violent  pain  is  often  experienced 
in  them;  and  the  urine  frequently  contains  an 
enormous  proportion  of  calcareous  phosphate. 
The  patient  is  compelled  to  remain  in  the  hori- 
zontal posture;  the  bones  no  longer  being  fixed 
points  for  the  muscles  to  act  upon.  The  dis- 
ease has,  hitherto,  always  terminated  fatally, 
and  dissection  has  exhibited  the  gelatinous  na- 
ture of  the  bones;  which,  by  desiccation,  have 
become  transparent,  as  if  they  had  been  mace- 
rated in  acid. 

Experience  has  afforded  no  means  of  relief  in 


MOLLUSCUM 


492 


MONOMMATOS 


this  dreadful  affliction.  The  alkaline  salts, 
earthy  phosphates,  &c.  are  of  little  or  no  use. 

MOLLUS'CUM,  Athero'ma,  (q.  v.)  A  cuta- 
neous affection,  so  called  in  consequence  of  its 
resemblance  to  certain  molluscous  animals.  It 
consists  of  numerous  tumours,  varying  in  size 
from  that  of  a  pea  to  that  of  a  pigeon's  egg, 
tilled  with  an  atheromatous  matter,  which  are 
developed  in  the  substance  of  the  derma,  and 
are  of  various  shapes,  some  having  a  large 
base, — others  adherent  by  means  of  a  pedicle. 

Molluscum  contagiosum,  a  singular  variety,  is 
characterized  by  the  presence  of  hard,  round, 
tubercles,  which  are  smooth  and  transparent, 
and  when  pressed,  pour  out  from  an  orifice  in 
their  summits  a  little  opaque  or  milky  fluid. 

The  disease  is  probably  seated  in  the  se- 
baceous follicles. 

If  internal  treatment  be  adopted  at  all,  it  must 
consist  of  eutrophics,  as  arsenic,  iodine,  Stc. 
The  external  treatment  consists  in  the  employ- 
ment of  measures  calculated  to  excite  the  tu- 
bercles to  inflammation,  as  by  touching  them 
with  potassa. 

MOLOPS,  Vibices. 

MOLYBDENUM  MAGNESII,  Manganese, 
black  oxide  of. 

MOLYBDOS,  Plumbum. 

MOLYNE,  Anus. 

MOM1E,  Mummy. 

MOMIN,  Mamei. 

MOMOR'DICA  BALSAM'INA,  Baham'ina, 
Balm-apple,  Balsam  apple.  (F.)  Balsamine, 
Pomme  de  merveille.  The  fruit  of  this  oriental 
tree,  Pomum  hieroso/ijmita'num,  was  formerly 
considered  vulnerary. 

Momor'dica  Elate'rium,  Elate'rium,  Cu'cu- 
mis  agres'tis,  C.  asini'nus,  C.  sylvestris,  Elate'- 
rium pfficina'rum,  Charan'tia,  Bouba'lios,  Gua- 
rerba  orba,  Wild  or  Squirting  cu' cumber ,  Ecbo'- 
lijnn  elate'rium,  (F.)  Concombre  Sauvage,  Mo- 
mordique.  Nat.  Orrfer,Cucurbitacese.  The  dried 
sediment  from  the  juice  is  the  elateriurn  of  the 
shops.  (See  Extractum  Elaterii.)  It  is  a  most 
powerful  cathartic,  and,  as  such,  has  been  used 
in  dropsies.  Its  active  principle  is  the  Elatin, 
Elaterine  or  Elateriurn.  Dose,  gr.  ^  to  gr.  j, 
until  it  operates. 

MOMORDIQUE,  Momordica  elateriurn. 

MONAD, from  Monas,  'unity.'  Asimplepar- 
ticle,  or  atom,  or  unit. — Leibnitz. 

MONiE,  Nates. 

MON  AR'DA  COCCIN'E A,  Scarlet  Rose  balm, 
Mountain  mint,  Oswego  Tea,  Mountain  Balm, 
Horsemint,  Square  stalk,  Red  Balm,-  a  beautiful 
indigenous  plant,  having  the  excitant  proper- 
lies  of  monarda  punctata. 

Monar'da  Fistulo'sa.  The  Purple  monar'- 
tla.  The  leaves  have  a  fragrant  smell;  and 
an  aromatic,  somewhat  bitter  taste.  They  are 
reputed  to  be  nervine,  stomachic,  and  deob- 
atruent. 

Monar'da  Puncta'ta,  Horsemint.  Sex.  Syst. 
Diandria  Monogynia.  Nat.  Ord.  Labiatag.  In- 
digenous in  the  United  States.  Stimulant  and 
carminative.  The  Oleum  monardx  is  officinal 
in  the  United  States. 

Monarda  Purple,  M.  fistulosa. 

MONDER,  (F  )  from  mundus,  'cleanly.'  To 
render  clean  or  pure.  In  Pharmacy,  it  means 
to  separate  any  substance  from  its  impure  or 
iselofs  portion.  In  surgery,  monder  ou  mon- 
r'ijicr  vne  plate,  is  to  clean  or  deterge  a  wound. 


MOjYDIFWATIFS,  Detergents. 

MOJYDIFIER  UNE  PLJUE,  see  Monder. 

MONE'MERON,   Monoe! meron ,■  from  pore, 
'one,'  and  'r^tou,  '  a  day.'     A  name  given  to 
several  collyria,  which  were  supposed  to  be  ca- 
pable of  curing  diseases  of  the  eyes  in  a  day. 

MONESIA.  A  vegetable  extract,  imported 
into  Europe  from  South  America,  in  hard,  thick 
eakes.  It  is  prepared  from  the  bark  of  a  tree, 
whose  botanical  name  is  unknown.  It  is  very 
friable,  and  its  fracture  very  much  resembles  that 
of  a  well-torrefied  cocoanut.  It  is  wholly  soluble 
in  water;  and  its  taste — which  is  at  first  sweet 
like  liquorice,  sometimes  becomes  astringent, 
It  is  on  account  of  its  astringent  properties, 
that  it  has  been  prescribed  in  chronic  bron- 
chitis, haemoptysis,  diarrhoea,  leucorrhoca,  ute- 
rine hemorrhage,  &c.  It  has  been  applied  lo- 
cally, in  the  form  of  ointment,  (Mones,  p.  1, 
Adipis,  p.  v;j.)  The  dose  of  Monesia,  is  from 
12  to  40  grains  a  day. 

MONEYWORT,  Lysimachia  nummularis. 

MONGO'LIAN.  Anthropologists  give  the 
name  Mongolian  race  to  a  variety  of  the  human 
species,  spread  over  a  great  part  of  the  north  of 
Asia,  in  China,  India,  Thibet,  the  Moluccas,  itc. 
The  individuals  composing  it  have  the  skin  of 
a  brown  red,  forehead  flat,  nose  broad,  cheeks 
prominent,  and  lips  large.     See  Homo. 

MONKSHOOD,  Aconitum— m.  Common, 
Aconitum  napellus — m.  Salutary,  Aconitum  an- 
thora. 

MONNI'NA  POLYSTA'CHIA.  A  beauti- 
ful South  American  plant.  jYal.  Ord.  Polyga- 
leaa.  Sex.  System,  Diadelphia  Oclandria  The 
bark  of  the  root  is  a  powerful  astringent,  and 
much  used  in  South  America  in  diseases  of  the 
bowels. 

MONOBLEP'SIS,  from  povos,  <  one,'  and 
pheipig,  'sight.'  An  affection,  in  which  vision 
is  confused,  imperfect,  and  indistinct,  when 
both  eyes  are  employed;  but  quite  perfect  or 
nearly  so,  when  either  eye  is  used  singly. 

MONOCEPH'ALUS,  from  povog, '  one,'  and 
xs<p«\>;,  '  head.'  A  compound  monster  having 
two  bodies  with  a  single  head. 

MONOCOLON,  Ca3cum,  Rectum. 

MONOCRA'NUS,  from  poiog,  '  one,  single,' 
and  xnirov,  xQartor,  '  cranium.'  A  monster 
with  one  cranium,  but  with  the  face  in  part 
double. — Gurlt. 

MONOC'ULUS,  Mon'ocle,  Monophthalmus, 
from  fjt.ov<-g,  '  one,'  and  oculus,  '  an  eye.'  A  ban- 
dage employed  to  maintain  topical  applications 
over  one  of  the  eyes.  This  bandage,  called  by 
some  surgeons  Simplex  ocfulus,  (F.)  ffie/  simple, 
is  made  of  a  roller  three  or  four  ells  long, 
rolled  into  a  single  ball.     See  Cyclops. 

MONOEMERON,  Monemeron. 

MONOGA S'TR I C ,  Monogas'tricus,  from 
fx-ovee,  '  one,'  and  yaor^o,  '  stomach.'  That 
which  has  but  one  stomach.  Man  is  monogai- 
trie.  Ruminating  animals,  on  the  contrary,  are 
pohjgastric. 

MON'OGRAPH,  MED'ICAL.  Monograph'ia 
med'ica;  from  ftovo;, '  one,"  and  yqayri, '  descrip- 
tion.' An  ex  prof es so  treatise  on  a  single  class 
of  diseases,  or  on  a  single  disease. 

MONOMACHON,  Caecum. 

MONOMANIA,  Melancholy. 

MONOMMATOS.  Cyclops. 


MONOPAGIA 


4rs 


MORBIFIC 


MONOPAGIA,  Clavus  hystericus,  Hemi- 
crania. 

MONOP'ATHY,  Monopathi'a,  from  ^voc, 
•one,'  and  nadoq,  '  disorder.'  A  state  in  which 
one  organ  or  function  is  disordered.  Applied 
to  melancholy  or  monomania;  which" is  said  to 
be  a  monopalhic  affection. 

MONOP  HTH  A LMUS,  Cyclops,  Monoculus. 

MONOPLAS'TIC,  Monoplas'ticus ;  from  ^=- 
vos,  '  one,'  and  nluntrw,  '  I  form.'  That  which 
has  one  form.  A  Monoptastic  element  in  histo- 
logy is  one  which  retains  its  primary  form. — 
Gerber. 

MONOPS,  Cyclops, 

MONOPSIA,  Cyclopia. 

MONOPUS,  Symmeles. 

MONOR'CHIS,  from  ^jio?,  'one,' and  oo/tj, 
1  testicle.'     One  who  has  only  one  testicle. 

MONOSI'TIA,  from  fiovoc,  'one,'  and  ffirog, 
'  food.'  '  repast.'  The  habit  of  taking  only  one 
meal  in  the  day. 

MONOT'ROPA  UNIFLO'RA.  keplant, Pipe- 
plant,  J\'cst  root,  Fit  root.  An  indigenous  plant, 
whose  juice,  mixed  with  water,  has  been  ex- 
tolled by  the  Indians  in  ophthalmia.  The  dried 
root  in  powder  has  been  given  in  epilepsy  and 
nervous  diseases. 

MONROIA'NUM  FORA'MEN.  A  foramen 
at  the  anterior  part  of  the  lateral  ventricles  of 
the  brain,  by  which  they  communicate  with 
each  other,  is  so  called  from  the  second  Monro. 

MONS  VEN'ERIS,  Montic'ulus  Ven'eris, 
Ephebt'um,  (F.)  Mont  de  Vinus,  Pinil,  Mofte, 
Eminence  sus-pubienne.  The  more  or  less  pro- 
jecting eminence,  situate  at  the  base  of  the 
hypogastrium,  above  the  vulva  and  in  front  of 
the  os  pubis.  At  the  period  of  puberty  it  be- 
comes covered  with  hair,  formerly  called  Tres- 
soria,  (q.  v.) 

]MOi\STERA/oH.s/ry»J,  Teras.  Any  organized 
being,  having  an  extraordinary  vice  of  confor- 
mation, or  a  preternatural  perversion  of  every 
part,  or  of  certain  parts  only.  Three  species  of 
monsters  are  usually  distinguished.  The  first 
comprehends  those  that  are  born  with  an  ex- 
cess of  parts;  as  with  two  heads  on  one  trunk, 
— two  trunks  with  one  head, — with  six  fingers 
or  toes,  &c.  The  second  includes  those  with  a 
deficiency  of  parts, — such  as  the  acephali.  mo- 
nopes,  &c; — and  the  third,  those  with  a  devia- 
tion of  parts, — as  where  the  heart  is  on  the  right 
side,  the  liver  on  the  left,  &c.  Amongst  the 
numerous  hypotheses  entertained  on  the  origin 
or  cause  of  monsters,  or  of  monstrosity — as  the 
state  has  been  called — three  only  are  worth 
mentioning.  They  have  been  attributed,  1 .  To 
the  influence  of  the  maternal  imagination  on 
the  ftt'tus  in  utero.  2.  To  accidental  changes, 
experienced  by  the  foetus  at  some  period  of  its 
uterine  existence;  and,  3.  To  a  primitive  defect 
in  the  germs.  The  second  seems  to  be  the  only 
one,  that  is  philosophical. 

As  a  medico-legal  question,  monsters,  if  capa- 
ble of  action  as  individuals,  have  the  same  rights 
as  other  persons. 

MONSTROSITY,  see  Monster. 

MONT  DE  VEJWS.  Mon*  Veneris. 

MONTBRISON,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Montbrison  is  a  town  in  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Loire,  fifteen  leagues  from  Lyons. 
There  are  three  cold  springs  here,  which  are 
highly  acidulous,  and  used  as  refrigerants  and 
aperients. 


MONT-DE-MARSAN,  MINERAL  WA- 
TERS OF.  Mont-de-Marsan  is  a  small  Freneh 
town,  10  leagues  from  Dax;  where  there  is  a 
chalybeate  spring,  somewhat  frequented. 

MONT-D'OR,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Mont  d'Or  is  a  village  seven  leagues  from  Cler- 
mont, (Puy-de-Doine.)  at  which  are  several 
mineral  springs,  cold  and  thermal.  Those  of 
the  Fountain  La  Madtluine,  and  of  the  Great 
Bath,  are  thermal;  temp.  112°  Fahr.  and  con- 
tain carbonic  acid,  subcarbonate,  sulphate  of 
soda,  chloride  of  sodium,  subcarbonate  of  lime 
and  magnesia,  alumine  and  oxide  of  iron.  Those 
of  St.  Margaret  are  cold,  and  contain  much  car- 
bonic acid. 

MONTECATI'NI,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  This  town  is  situate  near  Borgo-Bug- 
giano,  in  Tuscany.  The  springs  are  thermal; 
ranging  from  78°  to  118°  Fahrenheit. 

MONTHLY  COURSES,  Menses— m.  Pe- 
riods, Menses. 

MONTICULUS  VENERIS,  Mons  veneris. 

MONTPELLIER,  CLIMATE  OF.  This  seat 
of  a  celebrated  medical  school  in  the  S.  E.  of 
France  was  at  one  time  renowned  for  its  cli- 
mate, and  especially  in  regard  to  its  adaptation 
to  consumptive  cases.  This  is  now  exploded, 
and  it  is  at  present  esteemed  an  unfit  residence 
for  them.  The  climate  possesses  the  general 
characters  of  that  of  south-eastern  France — 
being  dry,  hot,  and  irritating;  subject  to  fre- 
quent vicissitudes,  and  especially  to  blasts  of 
keen,  cold,  northerly  winds.  It  is,  indeed, 
most  injurious  in  pulmonary  diseases. 

MOON,  Luna,  Sdt'ne,  Mene,  Sax.  Mona,  (G.) 
M  o  n  d,  (F.)  Litne.  The  moon  has  been  sup- 
posed to  exert  considerable  influence  over  the 
human  body,  in  health  and  disease.  Such  in- 
fluence has  been  grossly  exaggerated.  Not 
many  years  ago,  it  would  have  been  heretical 
to  doubt  the  exacerbation  of  mania,  at  the  full 
of  the  moon;  yet  it  is  now  satisfactorily  shown, 
that  if  the  light  be  excluded  at  this  period,  the 
lunatic  is  not  excited  more  than  ordinarily. 

MOONSTRUCK,  Lunatic. 

MOORBERRY,  Vaccinium  oxycoccos. 

MOORSHEAD,  Alembic. 

MOORWORT,  BROAD-LEAVED,  Andro- 
meda mariana. 

MOOSEWOOD,  Dirca  palustris. 

MOPHETA,  see  Mephitism. 

MORBEUX,  Morbid. 

MORBI  ACQUIS1TI,  Acquired  diseases— 
m.  Acuti,  see  Acute — m.  Adventitii,  Acquired 
diseases — m.  Anniversarii,  Annual  diseases — 
m.  Annui,  Annual  diseases — m.  Chronici,  Chro- 
nic diseases — m.  Cognati,  Innate  diseases — m. 
Complicati,  Impliciti  morbi — m.  Congeniti,  In- 
nate diseases — m.  Connati,  Connate  diseases — 
m.  Connexi,  Conjuncti  morbi — m  Consequen- 
tes,  Conjuncti  morbi — in.  Constrictorii,  see 
Spasmolicus — m.  Dispersi,  Sporadic  diseases — 
m.  Interni,  Internal  diseases — m  Nervosi,  Ner- 
vous diseases  —  m.  Olfactus,  Osmonosi  —  m. 
Sexfls,  Genonusi — m.  Sparsi,  Sporadic  diseases 
— m.  Spasmotici,  see  Spasmolicus — m.  Sub- 
acute, see  Acute— m.  Tactus,  Haphonosi. 

MORBID,  Mor'bidus,  Morbo'sus,  Patltic, 
Path'icus,  (F.)  MorbeuX,  Morbide,-  from  morbus, 
'a  disease.'     Diseased  or  relating  to  disease. 

Morbid  Anatomv,  see  Anatomy. 

MORBIFIC,  Morbif'kus,(F.)  Murbifique;  from 
inoibus,   'a   disease,'    and   facere,   'to   make.' 


MORBILLEUX 


494 


MORPHINA 


Causing  or  producing  disease — as  morbific  ema- 
nation?. 

MORBILLEUX,  Morbillous. 

MORBILLI,  Rubeola— m.Confluentes,  Scar- 
latina—  m.  Ignei,  Scarlatina — m.  Variolosi,  Ru- 
beola, Roseolas. 

MORBILLOSUS,  Morbillous. 

MORBILLOUS,  Morbillo'sus,  Measly,  (F.) 
Morbillevx.   Affected  or  connected  with  measles. 

MORBOSUS,  Sickly. 

MORBUS,  Disease— m.  Anglicus,  Rachitis— 
m.  Aphrodisius,  Syphilis — m.  Arcuatus,  Icterus 
— m.  Arietis,  Influenza — m.  Arquatus,  Icterus 
— m.  Articularis,  Gout — m.  Attonitus,  Apo- 
plexy—  m.  Attonitus  Celsi,  Catalepsy  —  in. 
Brigbtii,  Kidney,  Bright's  disease  of  the — m. 
Bullosus,  Pemphigus — m.  Caducus,  Epilepsy 
— m.  Ca3ruleus,  Cyanopathy — m.  Calculi,  Li- 
thia — m.  Cardiacus,  Cardialgia — m.  Cirrhoruni, 
Plica — m.  Cceliacus,  Ceeliac  flux — m.  Comitia- 
lis,  Epilepsy  — m.  Coxarius,  Coxarum  morbus — 
m.  Croatus,  Scherlievo—  m.  Cucullaris,  Pertus- 
sis—m.  Cucullus,  Pertussis — m.  Oystophlegma- 
ticus,  Cystirrhoea — m.  Damionius,  Epilepsy — 
m.  Deificus,  Epilepsy — m.  Dissolutus,  Dysen- 
tery—  m.  Divinus,  Epilepsy — m.  Epidemicus 
gutturis  Foresti,  Scarlatina — m.  Eruditorum, 
Hypochondriasis  —  m.  Extrinsecus,  External 
disease — m  Fellifluus,  Cholera — m.  Flatuosus, 
Hypochondriasis — m.  Fluminiensis,  Scherlievo 
— m.  Gallicus,  Syphilis — m.  Gesticulatorius, 
Chorea — m.  Hsmorrhoidalis,  Hasmorrhois — m. 
Heracleus,  Epilepsy — m.  Herculeus,  Epilepsy 
— m.  Hispanicus,  Syphilis — m.  Hypochondria- 
cus,  Hypochondriasis — m.  Hystericus,  Hyste- 
ria— m.  Indicus,  Syphilis — m.  Interlunius,  Epi- 
lepsy— m.  Ischiadicus,  Neuralgia  femoro-pop- 
Jitrea — m.  ltalicus,  Syphilis  —  m.  Lateralis, 
Pleuritis — m.  Lazari,  Elephantiasis — m.  Luna- 
ticus,  Epilepsy — m.  Luteolus,  Icterus — m. 
Maculosus  hemorrhagic  us  Werlhofii,  Purpura 
hoemorrhagica — m.  Magnus,  Epilepsy — m.  Ma- 
jor, Epilepsy — m.  Mensalis,  Epilepsy — m.  Mer- 
curialis,  Eczema  mercuriale — m.  Metallicus, 
Colic,  metallic — m.  Mucosus,  Fever,  adeno- 
rneningeal — m.  Nauticus,  JNausea  marina — m. 
Neapolitanus,  Syphilis — m.  Niger,  Melama — m. 
Oryzeus,  Cholera — m.  Pallidus,  Chlorosis — m. 
Parthenius,  Chlorosis — m.  Pandemius,  Pande- 
mic— m.  Pedicularis,  Phlheiriasis — m.  Pedicu- 
losus,  Phtheiriasis — m.  Phceniceus,  Elephanti- 
asis— m.  Pilaris, Trichiasis — m.  Porcinus,Essera 
— m.  Popularis,  Epilepsy — m.  Psoadicus,  Lum- 
bar abscess — m.  Publicus,  Epidemy — m.  Pue- 
rilis,  Epilepsy — m.  Pulicularis,  Typhus  gravior 
— m.  Regionalis,  Endemic — m.  Regius,  Icterus 
— m.  Sacer,  Epilepsy — m.  Saltatorius,  Chorea 
m.  Sancti  Valentini,  Epilepsy — m.  Scarlatino- 
sa, Scarlatina — m.  Scelestus,  Epilepsy — m. 
Scropliulosus,  Scrofula — m.  Seleniacus,  Epilep- 
sy—  m.  Silesiacus,  Raphauia — m.  Sonticus,  Epi- 
lepsy— m.  Spasmodicus  malignus  seu  popularis, 
Raphania — m.  Strangulatoriu's,  Cynanche  tra- 
chealis  —  m.  Sudatorius,  Sudor  Anglicus — m. 
Tuberculosus.  see  Tubercle  and  Tubercular  ca- 
chexia— m.  Ungaricus,  Fever,  Hungaric — in. 
Verminosus,  Helminthiasis — m.  Vernaculus, 
Endemic — in.  Vervecinus,  Influenza— m.  Vir- 
gineus,  Chlorosis — in.  Viridellus,  Epilepsy — m. 
Vitriolatus,  E[)ilepsy — m.  Vocis,  Phononosus. 

MORCEAU  DU  DIABLE,  see  Tuba  Fallo- 
piana — m   Frange,  see  Tuba  Fallopiana. 

MOR'DICANT,  Mor'dicuns,  Calormor'dicans. 


A  morbid  heat,  causing  a  disagreeable  pungent 
sensation  in  the  fingers  of  the  physician. 

MORDICES,  Teeth:  see  Tooth. 

MOREA,  Morus  nigra. 

MORELLE,  Boletus  esculentus — m.  a  Fruii 
noir,  Solatium — m.  Furieuse,  Atropa  belladonna 
— m.  en  Grappes,  Phytolacca  decandra — in, 
Grimpante,  Solanum  dulcamara. 

MORETARIUM,  Mortar. 

MORE'TUS,  More' (urn,  from  morvm,  'the 
mulberry.'  Ancient  name  of  a  cordial  julep, 
into  the  composition  of  which  the  syrup  of 
mulberries  entered. —  Schroder. 

MORGAG'NI,  HUMOUR  OF.  A  peculiar, 
transparent,  slightly  viscid  fluid,  found  between 
the  crystalline  and  its  capsule. 

MORGEL1NE,  Alsine  media. 

MORI  A,  ldiotism— m.  Demens,  Idiotism, 
Dementia—  m.  Demens  lerema,  see  Dementia 
— m.  Imbecilis  amnesia,  Amnesia. 

MORINGA  OLEIFERA,  Guilandina  morin- 
ga — m.  Zeylanica,  Guilandina  moringa. 

MORION,  Genital  organs. 

MORIOPLAS'TICE,  Chirur'gia  cur  to' rum, 
Ch.  Anaplas'tica,  Restitu'tio  organ'ica  seu  par1- 
tium  deperdita'rum,  Transplants 'tio.  Anaplastic 
Surgery,  Antoplas'ty  or  Autoplastic  or  Plastic 
Surgery,  Chirur'gia  plas'tica,  from  ftoqiov,  'a 
part,' and  7i?.a^Tty.oc,  'forming.'  The  restora- 
tion of  lost  parts.  The  operations  for  this  pur- 
pose have  various  names,  according  to  the  part 
concerned,  as  Clteiloplastice,  Ceratoplustice,  Rlii- 
nopfaslice,  &c. 

MORO,  from  morvm,  'a  mulberry:' — Morum, 
(F.)  Mure.  A  small  abscess,  resembling  a  mul- 
berry. A  small  tumour,  of  a  similar  appear- 
ance, particularly  on  the  genital  organs  after 
impure  coition. 

MOROCOM1UM,  Morotrophium. 

MORODOCHIUM,  Morotrophium. 

MOROSIS,  Fatuitas,  Idiotism. 

MOROSITA'TES,  from  ^Qta,  'folly.'  A 
generic  name,  given  by  Linnaeus  to  an  order  of 
Vesaniar,  in  which  he  included  pica,  bulimia, 
polydipsia,  antipathia,  nostalgia,  panophobia, 
satyriasis,  nymphomania,  tarenlismus,  and  hy- 
drophobia. 

MOROTRO'PHIUM,  Morocomi'um,  Morodo- 
chi'um,  from  ^tn^oc,  'fatuous,'  and  t$o<j>j/,  'sup- 
port.' An  insane  establishment;  a  lunatic  asy- 
lum,- a  mad-house.  Under  proper  management, 
a  valuable  institution;  but  liable  to  various 
abuses. 

MORPHEA  ALBA,  Lepra  alphoides— m, 
Nigra,  Lepra  nigricans. 

MORPHIA,  Morphina— m.  Acetate  of,  Mor- 
phinae  acetas — m.  Citrate  of,  see  Morphina — 
m.  Muriate  of,  see  Morphina — m.  Sulphate  of, 
Morphinic  sulphas. 

MORPHLE  ACETAS,  Morphina  acetas— 
m.  Sulphas.  Morphinaj  sulphas. 

MOR'PHICA,  from  ftoaw,  'shape.'  Mon- 
strosities  of  birth.  The  3d  order,  class  Typhica 
of  Good. 

MORPHPNA,  Mor'phia,  Mor'phium,  Mor- 
phine, from  Morpheus,  the  'god  of  sleep.'  A 
solid,  colourless  alkali;  crystallizable  in  beau- 
tiful pyramids,  truncated  and  transparent;  so- 
luble in  alcohol,  and  slightly  so  in  boiling  wa- 
ter. It  exists,  combined  with  meconic  acid,  in 
opium.  It  may  be  obtained  by  decomposing, 
by  means  of  ammonia  or  calcined  magnesia,  an 
aqueous  solution  of  opium  made  in  the  cold. 


MORPHINE  ACETAS 


405 


MORTALITY 


The  following  is  the  process  of  the  Pharm. 
U.  S.  Opium,  sliced,  ftj;  distilled  witter,  alcohol, 
each  a  sufficient  quantity ;  solution  of  ammonia, 
f.  £vj.  Macerate  the  opium  with  four  pints  of 
distilled  water  for  24  hours,  and  having  worked 
it  with  the  hand,  digest  for  24  hours,  and  strain. 
Macerate  the  residue  twice  successively  with 
distilled  water,  and  strain.  Mix  the  infusions; 
evaporate  to  six  pints,  and  filter;  then  add  first 
five  pints  of  alcohol,  and  afterwards  three  fluid- 
ounces  of  the  solution  of  ammonia,  previously 
mixed  with  half-a-pint  of  alcohol.  After  24 
hours,  pour  in  the  remainder  of  the  solution  of 
ammonia,  mixed  as  hefore  with  half  a-pint  of 
alcohol;  and  set  the  liquor  aside  for  24  hours, 
that  crystals  may  form.  To  purify  these,  boil 
them  with  two  pints  of  alcohol  till  they  are 
dissolved;  filter  the  solution,  while  hot,  through 
animal  charcoal,  and  set  it  aside  to  crystallize. 

Morphia  dissolves  perfectly  in  the  acids, 
which  it  saturates;  and  with  which  it  forms 
very  crystallizable  salts,  with  the  exception  of 
the  acetate.  All  these  salts  have  a  bitter  taste, 
and  act  upon  the  animal  economy  in  the  same 
manner  as  opium,  but  more  powerfully.  The 
acetate  is  the  salt  commonly  employed  iti  medi- 
cine. It  was,  at  one  time,  supposed  that  Mor- 
phia is  the  purely  sedative  part  of  opium,  di- 
vested of  its  irritating  properties;  but  expe- 
rience has  not  proved  this.  On  the  contrary, 
Morphia  will  generally  disagree  where  opium 
does.     Dose  of  Morphia  ^  to  ^  of  a  grain. 

Mohphi'nje  Ace'tas,  Mor'phiae  Jjceftus,  Ac."- 
ctate  of  Morphine,  Acetate  of  Morphia.  A  salt, 
formed  by  saturating  morphia  with  acetic  acid. 
(Morphia,  in  powder,  freed  from  narcotina  by 
boiling  with  sulphuric  ether,  §j ;  distilled  ica- 
ier,  Oss;  acetic  acid,  a  sufficient  quantity.  Mix 
the  morphia  with  the  water;  then  carefully 
drop  in  the  acid,  constantly  stirring  until  the 
morphia  is  saturated  and  dissolved.  Evaporate 
the  solution  in  a  water-bath  to  the  consistence 
of  syrup.  Lastly,  dry  the  acetate  with  a  gen- 
tle heat  and  rub  it  into  powder. — Ph.  U.  S.) 
Dose,  from  £  of  a  grain  to  a  grain. 

Morphi'n.e  Sulphas,  Mor'phiae  Sulphas, 
Sulphate  of  Morphia.  A  salt,  formed  by  satu- 
rating morphia  with  sulphuric  acid,  evapo- 
rating, and  crystallizing.  Dose,  the  same  as  of 
the  acetate. 

Muriate  and  Citrate  of  Morphia  have  likewise 
been  used;  but  they  possess  no  advantages 
over  the  other  salts.  The  sulphate  and  muriate 
are  officinal  in  the  Ph.  U.  S. 

MORPHIUM,  Morphina. 

MORPHOLOGY,  Anatomy. 

MORPHON'OMY,  Morphonom'ia:  from  iioptpt], 
'shape.'  and  rouoc,  'a  law.'  The  laws  of  or- 
ganic formation.  The  department  of  anatomi- 
cal science  which  teaches  the  laws  of  organic 
configuration. 

MORPHOTOMY,  see  Anatomy. 

MORPIO,  see  Pediculus, 

MORPION,  Crab-louse,  fbe  Pediculus. 

MORS,  Death — m.  Apparens,  Asphyxia — m. 
Putativa.  Asphyxia— in.  Repentina,  ^emotivus 
lapsus — 77?.  du  Dinhle,  Scabiosa  succisa. 

MORSULI  ANT1MOMALES,  Tabellaa  an- 
timoniales  Kunckelii. 

Moksuli  SriBii.Tabellce  antimoniales  Kunc- 
kelii. 

MORSURE,  Degmos. 

MORSUS,    Degmos— in.    Diaboli,   Scabiosa 


succisa,  see  Tuba  Fallopiana — m.  Gallinre.  Ai- 
sine  media — m.  Ventriculi,  Cardialgia. 

MORT,  Death — m.  Apparenlc,  Asphyxia— m. 
du  Chicn,  Cholera — m.  aux  Chiens,  Colchicum 
autumnale — m.  aux  Pantheres,  Doronicum  par- 
dalianches. 

MORTA,  Pemphigus. 

MORTAL,  Morta'lis,  from  mors,  mortis, 
'death.'  Let  ha' lis,  Letalis,  Tltanuio'des,  (F.) 
Mortel.  That  which  is  subject  to  death; — that 
which  causes  death: — as,  man  is  mortal;  a  dis- 
ease is  mortal.  Of  old,  it  was  the  custom  to 
have  a  division  of  mortal  wounds,  which  gave 
rise  to  many  errors  in  medico-legal  investiga- 
tions, as  the  mortality  of  wounds  depends  upon 
various  circumstances;  and  it  is  often  a  matter 
of  extreme  difficulty,  to  pronounce  whether  or 
not  a  wound  is  necessarily  mortal. 

MORTALITY,  Mortal' itas,  Lethal' itas,  (F.) 
Mortalite.  This  word,  taken  in  an  extended 
sense,  expresses  the  condition  of  all  organized 
bodies, —  of  being  subject  to  the  cessation  of 
life.  In  the  sense  in  which  it  is  most  frequently 
employed,  it  signifies, — the  proportional  quan- 
tity of  individuals  who,  in  a  certain  population, 
die  in  a  given  time.  If  we  assume  the  popula- 
tion of  the  earth  to  be  one  thousand  millions, 
and  a  generation  to  last  thirty-three  years;  in 
that  space  of  time  the  one  thousand  million? 
must  all  die;  and,  consequently,  the  number  of 
deaths  will  be,  by  approximation, 


Each  year, 
Each  day, 
Each  hour, 
Each  minute, 
Each  second, 


30,000,000 

82,109 

3,421 

57 
1  nearly. 


If,  on  the  other  hand,  as  has  been  supposed, 
the  number  of  deaths  is  to  that  of  the  births  as 
ten  to  twelve:  there  will  be  born, 


Each  year, 
Each  day, 
Each  hour, 
Each  minute, 
Each  second, 


36.000,000 
98.350 
4,003 
68 
1&2-I5ths. 


It  has  been  estimated,  that  the  average  mor- 
tality of  the  Pays  du  Vaud,  is  1  in  40;  of 
Sweden  and  Holland,  1  in  48;  of  Russia,  1  in 
41;  of  France,  I  in  40;  of  Austria,  1  in  38: 
of  Prussia  and  Naples,  1  in  33  to  35;  of  Eng- 
land, ]  in  45;  and  of  South  America,  1  in  30. 
The  same  rate  of  mortality  has  been  given  to 
the  United  States  as  to  France;  but  the  sta- 
tistical details  on  all  this  matter  have  been  in- 
adequate, and  —  it  is  not  improbable  —  inac- 
curate. The  following  has  been  given  as  the 
annual  mortality  of  some  of  the  chief  cities 
of  this  country  and  of  Europe :  (See  the 
Author's  Human  Health,  p.  101:  Philadelphia 
1844.)  Philadelphia,  1  in  45.08;  Glasgow,  1 
in  44;  Manchester,  1  in  44;  Geneva,  1  in  43; 
Boston.  1  in  41.20;  Baltimore,  1  in  41;  Lon- 
don, 1  in  40;  New  York,  1  in  37.83;  St.  Pe- 
tersburgh,  J  in  37;  Charleston,  1  in  30.50;  Leg- 
horn, 1  in  35;  Berlin,  1  in  34 ;  Paris,  Lyons. 
Strasburg,  and  Barcelona,  1  in  32;  Nice  and 
Palermo,  1  in  31,  Madrid,  1  in  20;  Naples,  3  in 
28;  Brussels,  1  in  26;  Rome,  1  in  25;  Amster- 
dam, 1  in  24;  and  Vienna,  1  in  22£. 

In  the  cities,  the  mortality  under  two  years 
of  age  bears  a  lame  ratio.  This  is  exhibited  b\ 
the  following  table: 


MORTALITY,  BILLS  OF 


496 


MOTORES  OCULORUM 


Ages. 


Under 
From 


Londo 
Jar,  ( 2g 


1 

1  to 

2  to 
5  to 

30  to 

20  to 

30  to 

40  to 

50  to 

GO  to 

70  to 

80  to 

90  to  100, 
100  to  110, 
110  to   120, 


:} 


30, 
20, 

30, 

40, 
50, 
60, 
70, 
80, 
90, 


it.  Philadelphia. 

22.7 
8.6 
7.3 

4. 


.52 


12. 

12. 

10. 
l.i 
5. 
3.5 
1.9 
0.5 

0.09    > 
0.013  5 


Baltimore. 
24.11 

8.55 
11.18 

5. 

6.3 

9.87 
10.58 

8.88 

5.78 

4.5 

3. 

1.67 

0.26 

0.18 


Moutalitv,  Bills  of,  Bills  of  Necrology, 
(F.)  Tables  de  Mortalilc.  Tables,  instituted  for 
the  purpose  of  exhibitingr  the  number  of  deaths, 
&c.  in  a  given  time.  Well  kept  bills  of  mor- 
tality are  of  great  use  to  the  physician  and  po- 
litical economist.  Those  of  London  have  been 
proverbial  fortheir  inaccuracy  and  insufficiency; 
especially  as  regards  the  complaints  of  which 
the  persons  have  died.  They  were  formerly 
made  out  by  the  parish  clerks,  and  the  informa- 
tion was  conveyed  to  them  by  two  old  women, 
who  were  appointed  in  each  parish,  and  were 
called  Searchers; — their  duty  being  to  see  that 
the  deceased  had  died  a  natural  death.  This 
miserable  system  has,  however,  been  abolished: 
and  the  Registrar-General's  annual  reports  of 
births,  deaths,  and  marriages,  exhibit  how  ad- 
mirably vital  statistics  are  now  conducted  in 
Great  Britain. 

MORTAR,  Morta'rium,  Moreta'rium,  Piso, 
Ac' one,  Pila,  Holmos,  (F.)  Morticr.  A  vessel 
for  reducing  to  powder  different  solid  substances; 
and  for  making  certain  mixtures.  Different  sub- 
stances are  emplo3'ed  in  the  construction  of  mor- 
tars;— iron,  marble,  glass,  wedgevvood  ware,&c. 

MORTARIOLUM,  Alveolus. 

MORTEL,  Mortal. 

MORTIER.  Mortar. 

MORTIFER,  Lethiferous. 

MORTIFICATIO  PULMONUM,  Necropneu- 
monia. 

MORTIFICATION,  Necro'sis,  Mortifica' tio , 
from  mors,  'death,'  and  fio,  'I  become.'  The 
Joss  of  vitality  in  a  part  of  the  body.  The  in- 
cipient stage  of  mortification,  when  the  case  is 
still  recoverable,  is  called  Gangrene  (q.  v.); 
when  totally  destroyed,  Sphacelus  (q.  v.)  Mor- 
tification of  a  bone  is  called  Necrosis,  (q.  v.) 

Mortification,  Cold,  Sphacelus — m.  Ergot, 
Ergotism — m.  Hot,  Gangrene — m.  Mildew,  Er- 
gotism 

MORTOOTH,  Cupri  sulphas. 

MORUM,  see  Morns  nigra. 

MORUS  NIGRA.  The  MuV berry- Tree, 
More'a,  Sycami'nos.  (F.)  Murier  A'oir.  The 
fruit  of  the  mulberry -tree,  Morum,  Sycami'nuiu, 
(F.)  Mure,  is  pleasant,  sweet,  subacid,  and 
abounds  with  a  deep  violet  coloured  juice.  A 
syrup  is  directed  in  the  London  Pharmacopoeia. 
The  bark  of  the  root  has  been  regarded  as  an- 
thelmintic. 

MOR  VE\  Mucus,  Nasal  mucus;  see  Equinia 
— m.  Farcineuse,  see  Equinia. 

MOS,  Habit. 

MOSCHELiE'ON,  Moscolae'a.  A  compound 
aromatic  oil,  containing  musk. 


MOSCHUS,  Musk  —  m.  Arabum,  Hibiscus 
abelmoschus — m.  Factitius,  Musk,  artificial. 

MOSCOL^EA,  Moschelffion. 

MOSQUITO  (S.)  Diminutive  of  (S.)  mosca, 
'a  fly.'  A  very  troublesome  insect  in  warm, 
moist  situations.  Curtains,  called  Mosquito  cur- 
tains,  are  used  in  India,  by  way  of  protection. 
The  entrance  of  mosqnitos  into  the  bed-cham- 
ber may  also  be  prevented,  to  a  certain  extent, 
by  keeping  the  doors  and  windows  closed  until 
the  light  is  extinguished.  The  pain  and  itch- 
ing from  the  bites  are  alleviated  by  washing 
them  with  hartshorn. 

Mosquita  is  a  name  given,  by  the  Portu- 
guese, to  small,  red  pimples  on  the  skin,  re- 
sembling the  bites  of  the  mosquito. 

MOSS  BERRY,  Vaccinium  oxycoccos — m. 
Ceylon,  Fucus  arnylaceus — m.  Club,  Lycopo- 
dium — m.  Cup,  Lichen  pyxidatus — m.  Iceland, 
Lichen  Islandicus — m.  Irish,  Fucus  crispus — 
m.  Marine,  Fucus  arnylaceus. 

MOTA,  Fao-us  caslanea. 

MOTAMEN,  Motion. 

MOTA  TIO,  Motion. 

MOTEVP.,  Motory. 

MOTHER'S  MARKS,  Ntevus  —  m.  Spots, 
Nevus. 

MOTHERWORT,  Leonurus  cardiaca,  Ma- 
tricaria. 

MOTIL'ITY,  Molil'itas,  from  moius, '  move- 
ment.' (F.)  Molilit6.  Faculty  of  moving. 
Moving  power;  contractility. 

MOTION,  Motus,  Moiio,  Mota'tio,  Mota'men, 
Commo'tio,  Pcrmo'lio,  Cinc'sis,  Movement,  (F.) 
Mouvement.  The  act  of  changing  place.  '1'he 
various  motions  may  be  divided  into, — First, 
the  voluntary  or  those  that  are  executed  un- 
der the  influence  of  the  brain.  Secondly.  The 
involuntary,  which  may  be  subdivided  into,  1, 
The  excited,  of  the  reflex  function  of  Dr.  Marshall 
Hall  and  others, — as  the  closure  of  the  larynx 
on  the  contact  of  acrid  vapours,  of  the  pharynx 
on  that  of  the  food, — a  function  of  the  spinal 
marrow;  and  2.  Those  that  are  executed  under 
the  organic  and  other  nerves  of  involuntary 
function.  It  is  probable,  too  that  every  living 
tissue  is  capable  of  moving  responsive  to  its 
appropriate  irritant.     See  Irritability. 

Motion,  Ciliarv,  see  Cilia — in.  Vibratory, 
see  Cilia. 

MOTOR,  Motory. 

Motor  Oculi  Exter'nus,  Nervus  tim'idus, — 
Nerf  oculo-musculaire  exierne  (Ch.,)  Nerf  moteur 
oculaire  externe,  or  sixth,  pair  of  nerves,  arises 
from  the  furrow  which  separates  the  pons  Va- 
rolii from  the  medulla  oblongata.  It  enters  the 
cavernous  sinus;  anastomoses  on  the  outside 
of  the  carotid  artery  with  two  filaments  fur- 
nished by  the  superior  cervical  ganglion;  en- 
ters the  orbit  by  the  sphenoidal  fissure,  and  is 
lost  on  the  rectus  externus  oculi.  This  pair  is, 
also,  called  .Ibduccntes. 

Moto'res  Oculo'rum,  Moto'rii  Oculorum, 
Ocvla'res  commu'nes,  Ophthal'  mici  cxte?Jni,  Com- 
mon Oculo-musrular  Nerves,  (F.)  Nerfs  moteurs 
oculaircs  iemmuns,  (Ch.,)  The  third  pair  of 
nerves.  This  nerve  arises  from  a  depression  at 
the  inner  side  of  the  peduncles  of  the  brain, 
between  the  tuber  annulare  and  corpora  marn- 
millaria.  It  enters  the  outer  part  of  the  caver- 
nous sinus,  and  passes  into  the  orbitar  cavity. 
Behind  the  sphenoidal  fissure,  it  divides  into 
two  branches;  the  one,  superior;  and  the  other, 


MOTORY 


497 


MUCILAGO  CRETICA 


inferior.  The  former  is  lost  on  the  rectus  supe- 
rior oculi  and  the  levator  palpebral  superioris; 
the  littler — the  larger  of  the  two— divides  into 
three  branches,  which  pass  to  the  rectus  inter- 
nus,  rectus  inferior,  and  lesser  oblique.  The 
last  furnishes  a  filament,  which  passes  to  the 
ophthalmic  ganglion. 

MOTOR Y,  Motive.,  Motor,  Motrix,  (F.)  Moteur. 
That  which  moves  or  impresses  movement,  as 
motor  nerves,  in  contradistinction  to  the  sensory, 
(q.  v.) 

JVIOTOS,  Carbasus,  Tent. 

MOTRIX.  Motory. 

MOTTE,  Mons  veneris. 

MOTUS,  Motion — m.  Compressorius,  Peris- 
tole— m.  Haemorrhoidalis,  Hasmorrhois — m.  In- 
testinorum,  Borborygmus —  m.  Peristalticus, 
Peristole — m.  Testudineus,  Peristole — m.  Ver- 
micularis,  Peristole. 

MOVCHE,  Cantharis — m.  d'Espagne,  Can- 
tharis. 

MOUCHER,  L'ACTIOX  BE,  Munctio. 

MOUCHES,  see  Pains,  labour. 

MOUCHETURE,  see  Scarification. 

MOUC HO IR  EJ\r  TRIAjYGLE,  Couvrechef, 
see  Band  in  a. 

MOUFETTE,  see  Mephitism. 

MOULD,  Fontaneila. 

MO  CLE,  Mytilus  edulis. 

MOULEUR,  Muller. 

MOUREILLER,  Malpiahia  mourella. 

MOUROJY  DES  OISEAUX,  Alsine  media— 
m.  Rouge,  Anagallis. 

MOUSE  EAR,  Alsine  media,  Hieracium 
pilosella. 

MOUSE-SIGHT,  Myopia. 

MOUSSE  BE  CORSE,  Corallina  Corsicana 
— m.d'lslunde,  Fucus  crispus — m.  Pcrtce,  Fu- 
cus  crispus. 

MOUSSEROjX,  see  Agaric. 

MOUSSEUX,  Frothy. 

MOUSTACHE,  Mystax. 

M0UT  DE  L.I  BlkRE,  Wort. 

MOUTARBE,  Sinapis. 

MOUTH,  Sax.  mu»,  Os,  Cavum  Oris,  Stoma. 
(F.)  Buuclte.  This  word  sometimes  signifies 
the  cavity  situate  between  the  jaws,  and  con- 
taining the  tongue,  &c; — at  others,  the  outer 
orifice  of  that  cavity.  The  mouth,  in  the  first 
acceptation,  is  the  cavity;  bounded,  above,  by 
the  palatine  arch;  below,  by  the  tongue;  before, 
by  the  lips;  and  behind,  by  the  velum  palati 
and  pharynx.  The  sides  of  the  mouth  and  the 
organs  it  contains  are  lined  by  a  mucous  mem- 
brane. The  anterior  aperture  of  the  mouth  is, 
sometimes,  called  facial; — the  posterior,  pha- 
ryngeal. In  the  mouth  are  the  teeth,  gums, 
alveolar  margins,  tongue;  the  excretory  ducts 
of  the  salivary  glands,  and  those  of  a  number  of 
mucous  follicles,  &c.  It  is  in  this  cavity  that 
the  food  is  cut,  torn,  or  bruised  by  the  teeth;  is 
impregnated  with  saliva,  and  formed  into  a 
mass  or  bolus,  which  is  then  subjected  to  the 
act  of  deglutition.  The  mouth  contains  the 
organs  of  tasle;  and  it  serves  in  respiration,  ar- 
ticulation, expectoration,  suction,  &c. 

The  condition  of  the  mouth  requires  to  be 
attended  to  in  Semeiology.  The  state  of  the 
mucous  membrane,  like  that  of  the  tongue,  in- 
dicates the  condition  of  the  membrane  of  the 
alimentary  canal  generally. 

Mouth  is,  also,  applied  to  the  open  extremi- 
ties of  vessels. 


Mouth,  Soke,  Aphthae — m.  Watering,  see 
Salivation. 

MOUVEMEAT,  Motion. 

MOVEMENT,  Motion. 

MOXA,  Moxibu'rium.  A  word  by  which  the 
Chinese  and  Japanese  designate  a  cottony  sub- 
stance, which  they  prepared  by  beating  the 
dried  leaves  of  the  Artemisia  moxa, — a  kind 
of  mugwort.  With  this  down,  they  form  a 
cone,  which  is  placed  upon  the  part  intended 
to  be  cauterized,  and  is  set  fire  to  at  the  top. 
The  heat  and  pain  gradually  increase,  in  pro- 
portion as  the  combustion  proceeds  downwards, 
until  ultimately  an  eschar  may  be  formed.  In 
Europe  and  this  country,  the  same  operation 
is  usually  practised  with  a  cylinder  of  cotton 
wool,  or  with  one  formed  from  the  pith  of  the 
greater  sun-flower.  This  mode  of  cauterization 
is  employed  as  a  powerful  counter-irritant  ; 
which  it  assuredly  is.  Sloughing  may  be,  in 
some  measure,  prevented,  according  to  Baron 
Larrey,  by  the  application  of  liquid  ammonia  to 
the  burnt  part. 

MOXIBURIUM,  Moxa. 

MOXIBUS'TION,  Moxibus'tio,  Encau'sis. 
Mode  of  cauterization  by  means  of  moxa. 

MUCAGO,  Mucilage. 

MUCARUM,  Mucharum. 

MUCHA'RUM,  Muca'rum.  A  barbarous 
term,  formerly  used  for  an  aqueous  infusion  of 
roses,  sweetened  and  evaporated  to  the  con- 
sistence of  syrup. 

MU'CILAGE,  Muci/a'go,  Mvca'go,  from  the 
Lnt.  mucus, — itself  presumed  to  be  from  mungere, 
'to  wipe  the  nose.'  A  mixture  of  gum  and  a  small 
quantity  of  matter  analogous  to  mucus,  which 
is  found  in  abundance  in  linseed,  quince-seed, 
&c.  It  is  obtained  by  heating  with  water  the 
parts,  or  products,  of  plants  which  contain  it. 
It  is  much  used  in  the  preparation  of  emollient 
cataplasms  and  the  greater  part  of  the  demul- 
cent tisanes. 

Mucilage,  Animal,  Mucus — m.  of  Quince 
seeds,  Decoctum  cydonias — m.  Starch,  Mucila- 
go  amyli. 

MU'CILAGLYEUX,  Mucilaginous. 

MUClLAG"INOUS,  Mucilagino'sus,  (F.) 
Mucilagineux.  That  which  possesses  the  cha- 
racter of  mucilage. 

MUCILAGO,  Synovia. 

Mucilago  AcA'ciiE,  M.  Acacia  Arab'ica,  M. 
(in  in  mi  Jlrab'icx,  Mucilage  of  aca'cia,  M.  of  gum 
Arabic.  (Acacia  gum.  conlus.  ^iv,  acj.  ferv. 
Oss.  Rub  the  gum  with  the  water  gradually 
added.)  Demulcent.  To  allay  cough;  but, 
chiefly,  to  suspend  insoluble  matters  in  water, 
&c. 

Mucilago  Am'yli,  Starch  mucilage.  (Jlmyli 
giij.  aqua  Oj.  Rub  the  starch  witli  the  water, 
gradually  added;  then  boil  till  it  forms  a  mu- 
cilage. Ph.L.)  Demulcent.  Generally  given 
per  a  num. 

Mucilago  Articulorijm  seu  Junctcrarum. 
Synovia. 

Mucilago  Astrag'ali  Tragacan'ths,  M. 
tragacant/tse,  M.  gummi  tragacanth  az,  Mucilage 
of  tragacanth.  (Guntmi  tragacanth.  §j,  aqtne 
bullient.  Oj.  Macerate  for  24  hours;  triturate 
till  the  gum  is  dissolved,  and  press  through 
linen.)     For  pharmaceutical  purposes. 

Mucilago  Cretica,  Misturas  cretos  —  m. 
Gummi  Arabici,  M.  acacias — in.  Seminis  cydonii 
mali,   Decoctum    cydoniae — m.   Gummi    traga- 


MUCOCELE,  &c. 


493 


MUND1FICATIVA 


canthos,  M.  astragali  tragacantlise— m.  Traga- 
cantha?.  M.  astragali  traoracantho?. 

MUCOCELE  OF  THE  LACHRYMAL 
SAC,  Fistula  lachrymalis. 

MUCO-ENTERI'TIS,  see  Enteritis. 

MUCOR,  Euros,  Mucus — m.  Narium,  Nasal 
mucus. 

MUCOSITAS,  Mucus. 

MUCOS'lTY,  Mucos'ilas.  A  fluid,  which 
resembles  mucus  or  contains  a  certain  quantity 
of  it. 

MUCOUS,  Muco'sus,  Myxo'des.  An  epithet 
for  all  bodies  containing  mucilage.  It  is,  also, 
sometimes  used  synonymously  with  gum.  In 
pathology,  it  is  occasionally  employed  to  ex- 
press the  seat  of  a  disease,  as  mucous  disease, 
mucous  phlegmasia;  that  is,  having  its  seat  in 
a  mucous  membrane. 

Mucous  Membranes,  Membranes,  mucous — 
m.  Web,  Corpus  mucosum. 

MUCRO.     The  apex  or  point  of  the  heart. 

Mucro  Humeri,  Acromion. 

MUCRONATA  UARTILACO,  Xiphoid  car- 
tilage. 

MUCRONATUM  OS,  Xiphoid  cartilage. 

MUCUNA,  see  Dolichos  pruriens — m.  Pru- 
riens,  Dolichos  pruriens — m.  Prurita,  see  Doli- 
chos. 

MUCUS,  Mucor,  Muco'sus  humor,  Mucos'ilas, 
Myxa,  Animal  mucus,  Blenna,  Animal  mucilage, 
(F.)  Muqueux  animal,  Mornc,  Mucilage  animal, 
presumed  to  be  from  mungere, '  to  wipe  the  nose.' 
A  substance,  analogous  to  vegetable  mucilage; 
from  which,  however,  it  differs,  by  affording 
subcarbonate  of  ammonia  on  distillation.  Mu- 
cus exudes  through  the  skin,  in  a  state  of  com- 
bination with  a  peculiar  oily  matter;  and,  dry- 
ing, forms  the  epidermis.  It  constitutes,  in 
part,  the  different  epidermeous  productions,  as 


the  hair,  nails,  wool,  and  horn  of  animals,  fea- 
thers of  birds  and  scales  of  fish.  It  is  found  at 
the  surface  of  the  mucous  membranes,  and  pre- 
sents some  difference  in  it3  composition  and 
properties,  according  to  the  particular  mucous 
membrane  from  which  it  is  obtained.  It  pre- 
serves the  membranes  moist;  and  in  a  state 
best  fitted  for  the  performance  of  their  functions. 
The  French  give  the  term  glaire  to  the  thick, 
stringy  mucus,  secreted  by  the  mucous  mem- 
branes, when  in  a  state  of  disease. 

Mucus  Cathahticus,  Lichen  Islandicus — m. 
Malpighii,  Corpus  mucosum — in.  Narium,  Na- 
sal mucus. 

MUD-APPLE  PLANT,  Solarium  melongena. 

MUDAR,  Mndar.  The  Calotropis  mudarii 
seu  madatii;  or,  according  to  the  generality  of 
authorities,  the  C.  giganle'a  or  Asch'pias  gi- 
gante'a.  In  the  Hindoo  practice  of  physic,  the 
bark  of  the  root,  as  well  as  the  concrete  juice 
of  the  plant,  enters  into  various  compound  for- 
mula? for  the  cure  of  elephantiasis  and  many 
other  disorders.  Experiments  instituted  by 
Dr.  Duncan,  jr.,  exhibit  its  properties  to  be  like 
those  of  ipecacuanha. 

MUGUET,  Aphthse,  Convallaria  maialis — m. 
des  Bois,  Asperula  odorata — m.  de  Mai,  Conval- 
laria maialis. 

MUGWORT,  Artemisia  vulgaris. 

MULATRE,  Mulatto. 

MULAT'TO,  (F.)  Mulatre,  (S.)  Mulata.  An 
individual  of  the  human  species  engendered  of 
a  white  and  black  race;  from  mulus,  'a  mule.' 

The  following  table  exhibits  the  proportion 
of  white  blood  in  the  various  castes,  —  arising 
from  the  hybridous  admixture  of  white  and 
black, — according  to  the  principles  sanctioned 
by  usage. 


Parents. 

Offspring. 

Degree  of 

Mixture. 

Negro  and  White, 

Mulatto, 

12  White, 

1-2  Black. 

White  and  Mulatto, 

Terceron, 

3-4    

1-4   

Negro  and  Mulatto, 

C  Griffo  or  Zambo,          ) 
\      or  black  Terceron,  ) 

1-4   

3-4   

White  and  Terceron, 

Quarteron, 

7-8    

1-8   

Negro  and  Terceron, 

Black  Quarteron, 

1-8    

7-S   

White  and  Quarteron, 

Quinteron, 

15-16 

1-16 

Negro  and  Quarteron, 

Black  Quinteron, 

1-16 

15-16 

The  last  two  were  considered  to  be  respec- 
tively white  and  black,  in  the  British  West 
India  Islands;  and  the  former,  prior  to  recent 
changes,  were  white  by  law,  and  consequently 
free. 

MULBERRY  TREE,  Moras  nigra. 

MULES  (F.),Mu/se.    Chilblains  on  the  heels. 

MULIEBRIA,  Menses,  Vulva. 

M  ULIE'IllTAS,  Womanhood,  from  mu.lier, '  a 
woman.'     The  state  of  puberty  in  the  female. 

MULIER  PLENA,  Pregnant. 

MULLEIN,  BLACK.  Verbascum  nigrum — 
in.  Broad-leaved,  great,  Verbascum  nigrum — m. 
Yellow,  Verbascum  nigrum. 

MULLER,  (F.)  Mouieur.  A  moulder.  A 
stone  held  in  the  hand,  with  which  any  powder 
is  ground  upon  a  flat,  horizontal  stone.  It  is 
sometimes  called  mullet.     (F.)  Mollette. 

MULLIGRUBS,  Tormina,  Colic. 

MULSA  ACIDA.Oxvglycus. 

MULSUM,  Hvdromeii. 

MULTIFIDUS  SPIN  JS, Transversalis  dorsi. 


MULTIMAMM.E;  from  multus, '  many,'  and 
mamma,  '  the  breast.'  A  variety  of  hypergene- 
sis,  in  which  there  are  supernumerary  mamma. 

MULTIP'AROUS,  (F.)  Multipart;  from  mul- 
tus. '  many,'  and  parire,  '  to  bring  forth.'  One 
that  brings  forth  several  young  at  the  same  time. 

MULT1TUDO,  Plethora. 

M  ULTI V  ORANTIA,  Polyphagia. 

MUMIA,  Mummy. 

M  UMM  Y,  Mumia,  Arab.  Moumya,  from  mum, 
'wax.'  lleholca,  Rebona,  (F.)  Mamie.  A  dead 
body  simply  dried;  or  dried  after  having  been 
embalmed.  The  latter  acceptation  is  the  most 
common.  Formerly,  the  Egyptian  mummy 
was  extolled  as  useful  in  contusions.  It  was 
presumed,  also,  to  have  healing,  tonic,  and  re- 
solvent properties.  It  is  now  only  regarded  as 
an  archaeological  curiosity. 

MUMPS,  Cynanche  parotidea. 

MUNC'TIO,  Apomex'is,  (F.)  faction  de 
Moucher.     The  act  of  blowing  the  nose. 

MUNDIFICATIVA,  Detergents. 


MUNGOS  RADIX 


499 


MUSCLE 


MUNGOS  RADIX,  Ophiorrhiza  mnniros. 

MUNIMENTUM  CASTITATIS,  Hymen. 

MUQUEUX  ANIMAL,  Mucus. 

MUR,  Coryza. 

MURAL,  Mura'lis,  from  rnurus,  :a  wall.' 
Vesical  calculi  are  so  called  when  rugous  and 
covered  with  tubercles  or  asperities.  They  are 
composed  of  oxalate  of  lime. 

MURE,  Moro,  see  Moras  nigra. 

MU'RIA,  Halme,  Salsila'go,  Brine,  (F.)  Sau- 
mure.  This  was  formerly  used  as  a  glyster  in 
dysentery,  in  certain  inveterate  neuralgias,  &n. 

Muria,  Soda,  muriate  of. 

MURIAS  AURICO-NATRICUM,  see  Gold. 

MURIATE  D'AMMONIAQUE,  Ammonias 
murias — m.  d' Ammonia  que  et  de  fer,  Ferrum 
ammoniatum — m.  d'Or,  Gold,  muriate  of,  see 
Gold. 

MURIAT'ICUM  ACIDUM,  from  muria,  (q. 
v.)  Ac"idvm  sali.s,  Spir'itus  salts  mari'ni,  Sp. 
sails  Glaube'ri,  Acidum  marl! num.  conccnlru'tum, 
Acidum  sails  culina'ris,  Acidum  sails  marini, 
Spir'itus  sails  acldus  seu  fumans,  Acidum  hydro- 
chlor'icum,  Muriat'ic  acid,  Spirit  of  salt.  (F.) 
Acide  hydrochlorlque  ou  muriatique.  An  aque- 
ous solution  of  chlorohydric  acid  gas  of  s.  g. 
1.16.  The  odour  of  muriatic  acid  is  suffocating; 
taste  very  acid  and  caustic.  It  is  nearly  colour- 
less when  pure;  but  commonly  of  a  pale  yellow; 
volatile;  the  fumes  visible.  Muriatic  acid  is 
possessed  of  tonic  and  antiseptic  properties.  It 
is  used  in  typhus,  cutaneous  eruptions;  in  gar- 
gles for  inflammatory  and  putrid  sore  throats, 
(gtt.  xxx  to  f.  ^vj  of  water,)  &c.  When  added 
to  a  pediluvium,  it  renders  it  stimulating. 

Acidum  Muriat'icum  Dilu'tum  of  the  Ph. 
U.  S.  contains  four  ounces,  by  measure,  of  mu- 
riatic acid  to  twelve  ounces  of  distilled  water. 

MURIER  JVOIR,  Morus  nigra. 

MUR1GENE,  Chlorine. 

MURMUR,  Borborygmus,  Bourdonnement. 

Murmur,  Res'piratorv.  The  noise  heard 
during  inspiration  and  expiration,  especially 
the  former.  It  is  produced  by  the  passage  of 
the  air  through  the  bronchial  tubes  and  into  the 
air-cells.  It  has  been  also  called  murmur  of 
the  expansion  of  the  lungs,-  and,  when  distinctly 
vesicular,  Respiration  of  the  cells  or  vesicular  re- 
spiration, (F.)  Respiration  vesiculaire.  Vesicu- 
lar respiration  is  of  course  absent  when  the  cells 
of  the  lungs  have  been  obliterated  from  any 
cause.  We  may  then  have  the  Respiration  nulle, 
Absence  du,  bruit  respiratoire,  Silence,  and  Respi- 
spiration  silendev.se  of  the  French  writers. 

At  times  it  is  rude  during  inspiration  or  ex- 
piration, or  both  —  the  Respiration  rude  or  R. 
rdpeuse  of  the  French.  At  others,  there  is  a 
blowing  sound,  (F.)  Souffle,  Respiration soufflante, 
as  if  some  one  were  blowing  into  the  ausculta- 
tory ear  through  a  tube.  This  is  heard  in  the 
healthy  3tate  over  the  larynx,  trachea,  and  about 
the  bifurcation  of  the  bronchia;  but  when  it 
proceeds  from  the  lungs  it  denotes  disease. 

The  respiration,  perceived  over  the  trachea 
and  bronchia  in  health,  is  called  tracheal  or 
bronchial,  or  tubal,  (F.)  Respiration  bronchlqve, 
Souffle  tubaire,  according  to  the  situation  in 
which  it  is  heard. 

Murmur,  Uterine,  Bruit  placentaire  —  m. 
Utero- placental,  Bruit  placentaire. 

MURRAIN,  Coryza. 

MURREN,  Coryza. 

MUSA  PARADISI'ACA,  Musa,  Amusa,  Pal- 


ma  hu' mills,  Ficus  In'dica,  Batu,  Plat' anus.  The 
Plantain  tree.  Family,  Musacese.  Sex.  Sysi. 
Hexandria  Monogynia.  It  grows  in  many  parts 
of  India  and  South  America.  The  fruit,  which 
is  largely  eaten  for  bread,  consists  of  a  mealy 
substance.  It  is  clammy;  has  a  sweetisli  taste, 
and  will  dissolve  in  the  mouth  without  chew- 
ing. The  whole  spike  of  fruit  often  weighs 
forty  or  fifty  pounds.  The  leaves  of  the  tree 
serve  the  Indians  for  table  cloths  and  napkins. 
Being  smooth  and  soft,  they  are  also,  employed 
as  dressings  for  blisters.  The  water  from  the 
soft  trunk  is  astringent,  and  is  sometimes  used 
in  diarrhoea. 

Musa  Sapien'tum.  The  Bana'na  tree,  Ba- 
co'ba,  (F.)  Bananier,  Bacove.  This  differs  some- 
what from  the  last.  The  fruit  is  shorter, 
straighter,  and  rounder;  the  pulp  softer  and  of 
a  more  luscious  taste.  When  ripe,  it  is  very 
agreeable;  is  eaten  like  the  plantain,  and  relish- 
ed by  all  ranks  of  people  in  the  West  Indies. 
Both  varieties  are  natives  of  Guinea. 

MUSC,  Musk. 

MUSCA   HISPANIC  A,  Cantharis. 

MUSCADE.  see  Myristica  rnoschata. 

MUSCADIER,  Myristica  rnoschata. 

MUSCLE,  Mus  cuius,  Lacer'tus,  Mys,  Myon. 
from  fxv:,  'a  rat;'  because,  say  some  etymolo- 
gists, the  ancients  compared  the  muscles  to 
flayed  rats.  According  to  Diemerbroeck,  Doug- 
las, Chaussier,  <fcc,  fivwv  comes  rather  from 
uvtir,  '  to  close,'  '  to  move,'  &c,  a  function 
proper  to  muscles.  This  etymon  is  the  more 
probable.  Muscles  have  been  divided  into  those 
of  Animal  life,  or  of  the  life  of  relation, — volun- 
tary muscles — which  execute  movements  under 
the  influence  of  the  will;  as  the  muscles  of  the 
limbs,  head,  trunk,  &c,  and  into  those  of  or- 
ganic life,  —  involuntary  muscles,  —  which  con- 
tract under  the  influence  of  certain  special  sti- 
muli; as  the  heart,  fleshy  fibres  of  the  stomach, 
&c.  Mixed  muscles  are  those  which  belong 
partly  to  each  of  these  divisions; — as  the  mus- 
cles of  respiration;  the  sphincters,  &c.  Mus- 
cles that  act  in  opposition  to  each  other,  are 
called  antagonists,-  thus,  every  extensor  has  a 
flexor  for  an  antagonist,  and  vice  versa.  Mus- 
cles that  concur  in  the  same  action  are  termed 
congenerous.  The  muscles  present  numerous 
varieties  in  form,  size,  situation,  use,  &c,  and 
have  been  divided,  by  some,  into  long,  broad, 
and  short.  Each  of  these  divisions  comprises 
simple  and  compound  muscles.  Simple  or  recti- 
linear muscles  have  all  their  fibres  in  a  similar 
direction:  and  only  one  body — as  the  Sartorius, 
Pronator  quadratus,  &c  Compound  muscles 
are  those  which  have  only  one  belly  and  seve- 
ral tendons,  as  the  flexors  of  the  fingers  and 
toes;  or  several  bellies  and  several  tendons, — 
as  the  biceps  flexor  cubiti,  sacro-lumbalis,  &c. 
To  the  compound  muscles  belong,  also,  the  ra- 
diated muscles.  Their  fibres  set  out  from  a 
common  centre,  and  are  arranged  like  the  radii 
of  a  circle; — such  are  the  diaphragm,  iliacus, 
temporal,  &c.  Pennaled  or  Pennlform  Muscles. 
Their  fibres  are  arranged  in  two  rows,  which 
are  united  at  a  median  line,  at  greater  or  less 
angles;  nearly  as  the  feathers  are  inserted  into 
a  quill.  The  palmaris  longus  is  one  of  these. 
Semi-penniform  Muscles:  their  fibres  are  ob- 
lique, as  in  the  last  case;  but  they  are  inserted 
only  on  one  side  of  the  tendon.  Hollow  Muscles 
are, — the  heart,  intestines,  urinary  bladder,  &c, 


MUSCLE  CANLV 


500 


MUSCULI  ACCESSORII,  &c. 


Much  difference  has  existed  in  the  enumera- 
tion of  muscles.  Some  authors  reckon  them 
at  upwards  of  400.  Chaussier  admits  only  368. 
The  greater  part  of  the  muscles  are  in  pairs. 
Very  few  are  azygous. 

Muscles  have  been  variously  named.  1.  Ac- 
cording to  their  uses,  as  diaphragm,  buccinator, 
extensors,  flexors,  adductors,  abductors,  leva- 
tors, depressors,  &c.  2.  According  to  their  po- 
sition, as  interspinals,  interossei,  subclavius, 
poplitaeus,  anconeus,  cubitalis,  iliacus,  tempora- 
lis, &c.  3.  According  to  their  shape,  as  trapezius, 
splenitis,  lumbricaiis,  serratus,  digastric,  deltoid, 
scalenus,  rhomboides,  &c.  4.  According  to  their 
dimensions.  Pecloralis  major,  rectus  capitis 
anticus  major,  pectoralis  minor,  gluteus  maxi- 
mus,  medius,  and  minimus.  5.  According  to 
their  direction,  as  obliquus  abdominis,  transver- 
salis  abdominis,  rectus  femoris,  rectus  abdo- 
minis, &c.  6.  According  to  their  composition, 
as  semi-membranosus,  semi-tendinosus.  corn- 
plexus,  &.C.  7.  According  to  their  attachments, 
or  the  different  points  of  the  skeleton  to  which 
they  are  connected  by  means  of  tendons  or  apo- 
neuroses; as  stemo-cleido-mastoideus,  sterno- 
hyoideus,  &c.  On  this  is  grounded  the  nomen- 
clature of  M   Dumas,  and  that  of  Chaussier. 

The  end  of  the  muscle,  which  adheres  to  the 
most  fixed  part,  is  usually  called  the  origin  or 
head,  (F.)  Tele,-  and  that  which  adheres  to  the 
more  movable  part,  the  insertion  or  tail,  (F.) 
Queue;  the  intervening  part  or  body  of  the 
muscle  being  called  the  venter  or  belly:  hence, 
the  names  gastrocnemii,  digastricus,  biceps, 
and  triceps;  according  as  they  have  two  bellies, 
two  or  three  heads,  &c. 

Muscles  are  formed, — ].  Essentially  of  the 
muscular  or  fleshy  fibre,  (see  Muscular  Fibre.) 
2.  Of  Cellular  tissue,  which  unites  together  the 
fibres.  Tiiis  cellular  tissue  is  not  very  visible 
between  the  fine  and  loose  fibres;  but  becomes 
more  so,  when  they  unite  in  more  considerable 
fasciculi.  It  forms,  moreover,  to  each  muscle 
an  external  envelope,  which  unites  it  to  the 
neighbouring  parts,  and  admits  of  its  motion. 
This  envelope  was  formerly  called  Tu'nica pro- 
pria musculo'rum.  3.  Of  Arteries.  These  pro- 
ceed from  neighbouring  trunks,  and  are,  gene- 
rally, very  large.  Their  size  and  number  are 
always  in  proportion  to  the  bulk  of  the  muscle. 
With  the  exception  of  some  viscera,  as  the 
lungs  and  the  kidneys,  there  are  few  organs 
that  receive  as  much  blood  as  the  muscles.  4. 
Of  Feins.  They  follow  the  same  course  in  the 
muscles  as  the  arteries.  Bichat  asserts,  that 
they  arc  generally  devoid  of  valves.  5.  Of 
Lymphatics.  Of  these  we  know  little,  and  can- 
not easily  follow  them  between  the  fleshy  fibres. 
().  Of  Nerves.  These  are  numerous,  and  of  dif- 
ferent sizes.  They,  almost  all,  proceed  from 
the  encephalon;  some,  however,  issue  from 
ganglions,  and  accompany  the  arteries.  In 
general,  tfiey  penetrate  the  fleshy  tissue  along 
with  the  vessels,  to  which  they  are  narrowly 
united.  After  they  have  entered  the  muscles, 
they  divide  and  subdivide  until  they  are  lost 
sight  of. 

"MUSCLE  CANIN,  Levator  anguli  oris—  m. 
Canncle,  Ischio-trochanterianus. 

Muscle  of  Gavard.  The  oblique  muscular 
fibres  of  the  stomach. 

MUSCLE  GRAND  FESSIER,  Glutens  ma- 
jor— in.  of  Guthrie,  Compressor   Urethras — m. 


of  Horner,  Tensor  Tarsi — m.  trfc  large  da  dos, 
Latissimus  dorsi — m.  of  Wilson,  Compressor 
Urethra. 

MUSCULAR,  Muscula'ris.  That  which  be- 
longs or  relates  to  the  muscles. 

Muscular  Ar'teries.  Arteries  that  are  dis- 
tributed to  the  muscles.  The  name,  Muscular 
Arteries  of  the  eye,  has  been  especially  given  to 
two  branches  sent  off  by  the  ophthalmic  arte- 
ry: — the  one, inferior,  which  furnishes  branches 
to  the  rectus  inferior  oculi,  lachrymal  sac,  &c, 
and  some  of  the  anterior  ciliary  arteries:  the 
other — the  superior,  which  is  sometimes  want- 
ing; but,  when  it  exists,  gives  branches  to  the 
rectus  superior  oculi  and  levator  palpebral  su- 
perioris. 

Muscular  Contrac'tion.  The  exertion  of 
the  power,  possessed  by  muscles,  of  shortening 
themselves,  or  of  contracting  to  produce  mo- 
tion:— muscular  motion  being  the  change  in 
the  situation  and  relation  of  organs,  induced 
by  muscular  contraction.  When  a  muscle  con- 
tracts, its  fibres  assume  more  the  zigzag  direc- 
tion, and  the  extremities  approximate;  but  the 
bulk  of  the  whole  muscle  is  not  augmented. 
This  contraction  takes  place,  at  times,  with  ex- 
treme velocity;  a  single  thrill,  in  the  letter  r, 
can  be  pronounced  in  ihe  l-30,0000lh  part  of  a 
minute.  The  force  of  contraction,  myody'namis. 
depends  upon  the  healthy  physical  condition  of 
the  muscle,  combined  with  due  energy  of  the 
brain.  The  duration,  in  voluntary  motion,  is 
for  a  certain  time  dependent  upon  the  will: — 
contractions,  excited  involuntarily,  cannot  be 
so  long  maintained. 

Muscular  or  FleshyFibrf.  A  name  given 
to  the  filaments,  which,  by  their  union,  form 
the  muscles.  This  fibre  is  flat,  soft,  downy, 
linear,  little  elastic,  more  or  less  red:  and  ar- 
ranged in  zigzag  according  to  its  length,  which 
is  variable.  It  is  firmer  in  adults  than  in  the 
young  or  the  aged;  of  the  same  size  in  the 
great  and  small  muscles;  and  runs  its  course 
without  bifurcation  or  ramification.  It  is  but 
slightly  resisting  in  the  dead  body  tearing 
readily;  but  during  life,  it  supports  very  great 
efforts  without  laceration.  It  is,  itself,  com- 
posed of  a  considerable  number  of  fibrils,  simi- 
lar to  each  other,  and  subdividing  almost  ad  in- 
finitum. The  ultimate  filaments  into  which  the 
fibre  can  be  decomposed  by  mechanical  means 
do  not  seem  to  be  hollow,  as  has  been  asserted. 
Their  colour  is  red  in  man,  and  white  in  seve- 
ral animals.  A  greater  or  less  number  of  mus- 
cular fibres, — united  in  fasciculi,  approximated 
to  each  other,  and  forming  a  distinct  mass,  of 
very  variable  size  and  shape,  the  extremities 
being  attached  to  bones  by  means  of  tendons, 
— constitutes  a  muscle.  In  this  are  included 
cellular  membrane,  vessels  and  nerves.  See 
Muscle. 

Muscular  Nerves.  The  nerves  distributed 
to  the  muscles  are  so  named.  Winslow  calls 
the  4th  pair  of  nerves — Nerf  musculaire  oblique 
sitpcrieur. 

Muscular  System.  A  term  given  to  the 
aggregate  of  the  muscles  of  the  body. 

Muscular  Veins.  These  brine  back  the 
blood,  which  has  been  carried  to  the  muscles 
by  the  muscular  arteries. 

MUSCULI  ACCESSOR1I  AD  SACRO- 
LUMBALEM,  see  Sacro  lumbalis— in.  Papil- 
lares,  Carnea?  columns. 


MUSCULO-CUTAN  EOUS 


501 


MYDESIS 


MUS'CULO-CUTA'NEOUS,  Mils' culo-cutaf- 
neus,  from  musculus,  'a  muscle,'  and  cutis, 
'  skin.'  That  which  appertains  to  muscles  and 
skin. 

Mi'sculo-Cutaneous  Nerve.  This  name  is 
specially  given  to  two  nerves;— the  one,  the 
External  cutaneous  nerrie,  furnished  by  the  bra- 
chial plexus  (see  Cutaneous:— the  other,  given 
off  from  the  poplitaeus  externus,  (F.)  JYerf  Scia- 
tigue,  Poptite  exlerne ;—Prctibiodigitul,  (Oh.) 
It  descends  on  the  anterior  and  outer  part  of 
the  leg, — at  first,  hid  amongst  the  muscles;  be- 
comes superficial  about  the  middle  of  the  leg; 
and  divides  into  two  branches,  which  pass  su- 
perficially on  the  back  of  the  foot. 

MUSCULO-RACHID^E'US.  Belonging  or 
relating  to  muscles  and  to  the  spine.  A  name 
given  to  branches,  furnished  behind,  by  the  in- 
tercostal, lumbar,  and  sacral  arteries;  and  which 
are  distributed  to  the  spine  and  to  the  muscles 
of  the  neighbourhood. 

MUSCULUS  ACCLIVIS,  Obliquus  inter- 
nus  abdominis — m.  Auxiliarius,  Pyramidalis 
abdominis — m.  Cutaneus,  Platysma  myoides — 
m.  Enstaohii,  Laxator  tympani — m.  Fallopii, 
Pyramidalis  abdominis — m.  Patientise.  Levator 
scapulx — m.  Penicillatus,  Levator  labii  infe- 
rioris — m.  Pyxoides  terrestris,  Lichen  pyxidatus 

—  m.  Subcutaneus.  Platysma  myoides — m.Suc- 
centuriatus,  Pyramidalis  abdominis — m.  Suc- 
cingens.  Diaphragm — m.  Supercilii,  Corruga- 
tor  supercilii — in.  Testicondus,  Cremaster — m. 
Testis,  Cremaster — m.  Tubs  novae,  Circum- 
flexus. 

MUSCUS  ARBOREUS,  Lichen  plicatus— 
m.  Caninus,  Lichen  caninus — m.  Clavatus,  Ly- 
copodium — m.  Corallinus,  Corallina  Corsicana 

—  m.  Cranii  humani,  Lichen  saxatilis  —  m. 
Erectus,  Lycopodium  selago — in.  Helmintho- 
cortos,  Corallina  Corsicana — m.  Islandicus, 
Lichen  islandicus — in.  Marinus,  Corallina  Cor- 
sicana— m.  Maritimus,  Corallina— m.  Pulmona- 
rius  quercinus,  Lichen  pulmonarius — m.  Pyxi- 
datus, Lichen  pyxidatus — m.  Villosus,  Peris- 
toma. 

MUSEJWDE  TAKCHE,  Os  uteri. 

MUSHROOM.  Fungus. 

MUSIC,  Mu'sica,  (F.)  Musique,  from  uoura, 
tnusa,  *  a  song.'  The  art  of  producing  harmo- 
nious and  cadenccd  sounds:  an  art.  which  has, 
at  times,  been  beneficially  used  in  diseases, 
particularly  in  those  of  the  mind;  or  on  which 
the  mind  could  act  in  a  salutary  manner. 

MUSICOMA'NIA,  Musoma'nia,  from  music, 
and  mania.  A  variety  of  monomania,  in  which 
the  passion  for  music  is  carried  to  such  an  ex- 
tent, as  to  derange  the  intellectual  faculties. 

MUSING,  LISTLESS,  Aphelxia  otiosa. 

MUSIQUE,  Music. 

MUSK,  Mosclius,  Mosch,  (Arab.)  (F  )  Muse. 
A  peculiar  concrete  animal  substance,  of  a  very 
diffusible  odour,  bitter  taste,  and  a  deep  brown 
colour;  solid  and  enclosed  in  a  sac,  found  near 
the  anus  of  the  Mnschus  moschif cms  or  Musk 
Deer.  It  is  possessed  of  stimulant  and  anti- 
spasmodic properties.     Dose,  gr.  v  to  sjj  in  bolus. 

Artific"ial  Musk,  Moschus  factit  'ius,  Resi'- 
na  Suc'cini.  (Ol.succinircctif  i  part,  acid,  nitric. 
4  parts.  Digest; — a  black  matter  will  be  depo- 
sited, which  must  be  well  washed  with  water.) 

MUSKGRAPE  FLOWER,  Bulbus  vomito- 
rius. 

MUSK  MALLOW,  Hibiscus  abelmoschus. 


MUSKSEED,  see  Hibiscus  abelmoschus. 

MUSK  WOOD,  Thymiama. 

MUSOMANIA,  Musicomania. 

MUSS^IS'DA  F  HON  DO'S  A,  Belil' la,  Be/e'- 
son.  A  decoction  of  this  plant  has  been 
esteemed  refrigerant. 

MUSSEL,  Mylilusedulis. 

MUSSITA'TIO,  Mussilu'tion,  from  mvssitare, 
itself  from  rnussarc, '  to  murmur.'  A  condition, 
in  which  the  tongue  and  lips  move,  as  in  the 
act  of  speaking,  but  without  sounds  being  pro- 
duced. This  sort  of  murmuring  is  an  unfa- 
vourable sign  in  disease,  as  indicating  great 
cerebral  debility. 

MUSTACHE,  Mystax. 

MUSTARD,  BLACK,  Sinapis— m.  Clammy, 
Polanisia  graveolens — m.  Essence  of,  White- 
head's, see  Sinapis — m.  Essence  of,  White- 
head's Pills  of,  see  Sinapis — m.  False,  Polanisia 
graveolens — m.  Hedge,  Erysimum — in.  Mithri- 
date,  Thlaspi  campestre — m.  Stinking  hedge, 
Alliaria  —  m.  Treacle,  Thlaspi  arvense — m. 
White,  Sinapis  alba. 

MUSTUM,  Wort. 

MUTACIS'MUS,  Mutacism,  from  /uuraxiow, 
"I  use  the  letter  m  loo  frequently."  A  vitious 
pronunciation;  consisting,  according  to  Sau- 
vages,  in  the  frequent  repetition  of  the  letters 
b,  p,  and  m,  which  are  substituted  for  others. 

MUTEO'SIS.  Under  this  name  is  compre- 
hended every  phenomenon  of  expression,  volun- 
tary and  involuntary,  which  impresses  the  sight 
or  touch. 

MUTILA'TION,  Mutila'tio,  Maiming,  from 
mutilus, '  broken.'  The  removal  or  privation  of 
a  limb,  or  of  some  other  external  part  of  the 
body.  In  all  countries,  this  crime  has  been 
punished  with  severity. 

MUTINUM,  Penis. 

MUTISME,  Mutitas. 

MU'TITAS,  rnutus,  'dumb.'  Dumbness, 
Ala'lia,  Anau'dia,  Speech' lessness,  (F.)  Muiisme, 
Mutile.  Impossibility  of  articulating  sounds; 
although  they  can  be  elicited.  Dumbness  is 
often  congenital,  and  united  with  deafness,  of 
which  it  is  an  effect.  In  some  cases,  it  is  acci- 
dental. 

Mutitas  SuRno'RUM,  Apho'nia  Surdorum, 
Surdomu'titas,  Deaf -dumbness.  Speechlessness 
from  deafness;  congenital,  or  produced  during 
infancy.  The  subjects  of  this  affection  are 
called  denf-dumb,  (F.)  Sourds-mucts. 

MUTlf/i,  Mutitas. 

MUTO,  Penis. 

MUTON1ATUS,  Membrosus. 

MUTTERKORN,  Ero-ot. 

MYACANTHA,Ruscus. 

MYASTHENl'A,  from  uvg,  'a  muscle,'  and 
nadirtia,  '  debility.'     Muscular  debility. 

MYCE,  Occlusion. 

MYCES,  Fungus. 

MYCHMUS,  Suspirium. 

MYCHTHISMUS,  Moaning,  Suspirium. 

MYCOSIS,  Fun.rus. 

MYCTERE.S.  Nares. 

MYCTEROPHO'iMA,  Vox  nnsa'lis,  from 
pv/.Tijo,  'the  nose,'  and  <pw»'»;,  'the  voice.'  A 
nasal  voice.     A  nasal  twang  or  accent. 

MYDE'SIS,  from  uvdaw,  'I  abound  with 
moisture.'  In  its  most  general  sense,  it  means 
corruption.  By  some,  it  is  used  for  a  mucous 
discharge  from  inflamed  eyelids. 


MY  DON 


502 


MYRIAGRAMME 


iMYDON,  fivSwv.  Same  etymon.  Fungous 
or  putrid  flesh  in  certain  fistulous  ulcers  — 
Pollux.     Also,  flesh  putrid  from  rnouldiness. 

MYDRI'ASIS.  Same  etymon.  Platycor'ia, 
Amydri asis,  A  name,  iriven  by  several  writers 
to  morbid  dilatation  of  the  pupil;  and,  by  others, 
to  weakness  of  sight,  produced  by  hydroph- 
thalmia. 

MYiiLITE,  Myelitis. 

MYELITIS,  Inflamma'tio  medul'la  spina'lis, 
Spini.'tis,  Spinodorsi'tis,  Notomyeti'tis,  Rhachio- 
myeli'tis,  Rhaekialgi'tis,  (of  some,)  (F.)  MyiUte, 
Inflammation  da  la  moelle  ipiniere  ou  rackidi- 
enne,  from  fivuXog,  '  the  marrow,'  and  itis, 
denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the 
spinal  marrow  or  its  membranes; — indicated  by 
deep-seated  burning  pain  in  the  spine,  with 
various  nervous  and  vascular  irregularities  of 
function.  It  is  not  common.  Dr.  Marshall 
Hall  proposes  to  call  the  inflammation  of  the 
membranes  of  the  brain  Meningitis;  that  of  the 
substance  of  the  brain  Myelitis. 

MYELOPHTHISIS,  Tabes  dorsalis. 

MYELOS,  Marrow. 

MYENERGI'A,  from  nv$,  '  a  muscle,'  tv,  and 
inyov.  '  work.'     Muscular  strength. 
"MYGMUS,  Suspirium. 

MYITIS,  Myositis,  Rheumatism,  acute. 

MYLACRI.  Molar  teeth. 

MY  LACRIS,  Patella. 

MYLE,  Patella,  Mole. 

MY  LIC  US,  Molar. 

MYLODONTES,  Molar  teeth. 

MYLO-GLOSSUS,  from  ftyXtj,  'the  jaw,' 
and  yXwaaa,  'the  tongue.'  Winslow  has  given 
this  name  to  muscular  fibres,  which  pass  from 
the  posterior  part  of  the  myloid  line  of  the 
lower  jaw,  and  from  the  sides  of  the  base  of  the 
tongue  to  the  parieles  of  the  pharynx.  These 
fibres  belong  to  the  constrictor  superior  pha- 
ryngis.  (q.  v.) 

MYLO-HYOIDE'US,  from  fivXi;,  'the  jaw,' 
and  'voetdqg, '  the  os  hyoides.'  Myluo'des,  (F.) 
JWijIo-hyoidien.  The  Mylo~pharyngeus  of  Mor- 
gagni  and  Santorini.  This  muscle  i3  situate  at 
the  upper  and  anterior  part  of  the  neck,  behind 
the  lower  jaw.  It  is  broad,  flat,  and  has  the 
form  of  a  truncated  triangle.  It  arises  from  the 
internal  oblique  line  of  the  lower  jaw  bone,  and 
is  inserted  at  the  fore  part  of  the  body  of  the 
os  hyoides.  Its  innermost  fibres  unite  with 
those  of  the  opposite  side  to  form  a  raphe  on 
the  median  line.  The  mylo-hyoideus  raises  the 
os  hyoides  and  carries  it  forvvaid,  or  it  depresses 
the  lower  jaw. 

MYLOPHARYNGEUS,  Constrictor  pha- 
ryngis,  Mylo-hyoideus. 

MYLUODES,  Mylo-hyoideus. 

MYOCARDITIS,  Carditis. 

MYOCEPHALON,  Staphyloma. 

MYOCOELIAL'GIA,  from  ,«•„.«„.,  'muscle,' 
r.oiHia,  'abdomen,'  and  aXysvi,  'I  suffer.'  Pain 
in  the  muscles  of  the  abdomen. 

MYOCGELITIS,  from  ^uav,  'muscle,'  y.o,h*, 
lower  belly,  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation. 
Inflammation  of  the  muscles  of  the  abdomen. 

MYODESOPSIA.  Metamorphopsin. 

?vlYODYNAMlCS,  see  Muscular  contraction. 

MYODYNAMOMETER,  Dynamometer. 

MYODYNAMOMETER,  Dynamometer. 

MYODYNIA, from  /xv^iv,  'muscle,'  and  oivvri, 
'  pain.'  Fain  in  the  muscles, —  rheumatismal  or 
other.    Rheumatism  (q.  v.) 


Myodynia  Inflammatoiua,  Myositis. 

MYOGRAPHY,  Myogrtfphia,  from  punt, 
'  muscle,'  and  yqvttpeiv,  '  to  describe.'  An  anato- 
mical description  of  the  muscles, 

MYOLEM'MA,  Myolem'a,  from  fcvav,  'a  mus- 
cle,'  and  AZjjiua,  'a  coat.'  The  membranous 
tube  of  each  muscular  fibre.  It  has  the  same 
signification  as  Sareolemma  (q.  v.) 

MY'OLINE.frorn  jkuoi)'.  'a  muscle.'     A  name 
given  by  Mr.  Erasmus  Wilson  to  a  transparent 
substance  that  hi  Is  the  cells,  which,  he  conceives, 
by  their  juxtaposition  form  the  ultimate 
cular  fibril. 

MYOL'OGY.  Myolng"ia,  Sarcolug"ia,  Mysio- 
log" id;  from  pvu.iv,  ;a  muscle,'  and  loyot;,  ';<  dis- 
course.' That  part  of  anatomy  which  treats  of 
llie  muscles. 

MYON,  Muscle. 

MYONARCO'SIS,  from  pvav,  'a  muscle,' 
and  ragx-ri, '  stupor.'     Numbness  of  the  musclesr. 

M  YON'OSUS,  il/yonw'sos,  from  ftvwv, '  a  muscle,' 
and  jortoc,  'disease.'     A  disease  of  the  muscles, 

MYOPALMUS,  Subsultus  tendinum. 

MYOPHO'NIA,  from  p.vov,  'a  muscle.'  and 
<p(un;,  'voice.'  The  sound  of  muscular  can- 
traction, — as  that  of  the  ventricles  of  the  heart, 
during-  the  systole  cf  that  organ. 

MYO'PIA,  Myopi'asis,  Luscios'itas,  My  (/sis, 
Paroj/sis  propin'qua,  Jlmblijo'pia  dissito'rvm, 
Dysn'pia  dissito'rum,  Visits  ju'venum,  from  ftvo, 
T  close,'  or  from  jiivs,  '  a  mouse,'  and  vnp,  'the 
eye.'  Nearsightedness,  Mouse-sight,  Purblind' 
niss,  (F.)  Vue  coirrtc.  Persons  who  can  only 
see  objects  very  near.  The  defect  is  owing  to 
the  too  great  convexity  of  the  eye,  or  too  great 
density  of  the  humerus,  and  is  palliated  by 
wearing  concave  glasses. 

MYOTODIORTHO'TICON,from//.u(,,./1'nn, 
that  is  short-sighted,'  and  diaQ&mrixor,  'having 
power  to  correct.'  An  apparatus  for  the  cure 
of  short-sightedness. — A.  A.  Berthold. 

MYOPS,  /jcuuiip,  Luscio'sus,  Myo'pus.  Same 
etymon.  One  who  is  attacked  with  myopia  or 
short-sightedness. 

M  YO'SIS,  from  faite,  '  I  close.'  Phthi'sis  pu- 
pilla'ris.  Permanent  contraction  of  the  pupil. 
It  is  usually  caused  by  iritis,  and  is  extremely 
difficult  to  cure.  When  it  exists  to  such  an 
extent  as  to  obliterate  the  pupil,  it  is  called  8y- 
nizesis,  (q.  v.)     Also,  Mvopia,  (q.  v  ) 

MYOSITl,  Myositis.  " 

MYOSITIS,  Myi'lis,  Rkeumatis'mus  phlegmo- 
no'des,  Myodynia  inflammatoria,  Phlegmasia  my- 
oica,  Inji  am  mafia  seu  Phlegmone  Musculorum 
(F.)  Myosite,  Inflammation  des  muschs,  from 
fxvwv,  'a  muscle.'  A  name  proposed  by  Sagar 
for  inflammation  of  the  muscles.  Also,  Rheu- 
matism. 

MYOSOTIS,  Hieracium  pilosella,  Rheuma- 
tism, Rheumatism,  acute. 

MYOTILTTY,  My o til' Has,  from  iivvr,  'a 
muscle.'     Muscular  contractility.  —  Clia  ussier. 

MYOT'OMY,  Myatam'ia,  from  pvwr,  'a  mus- 
cle,' and  Tf.avEU',  'to  cut.'  The  part  of  practi- 
cal anatomy,  which  treats  of  the  dissection  of 
tiie  muscles.  Also,  the  surgical  operation  of  the 
division  of  muscles  to  remove  deformity. 

MYOTYRBE,  Chorea. 

MYREPSUS,  Unguentarius 

MYRIAGRAMME,  from^ugia,  '10,000,'  and 
y{<t/uy.a,  'gramme.*  A  weight  equal  to  10,000 
grammes,  or  to  2G  pounds,  9  ounces,  and  6 
drachms  Troy. 


MYRIAMETRE 


503 


MYRTUS 


MYR1AMETRE.  A  measure  oflO,000  me- 
tres; equal  to  16  miles,  1  furlong,  15G  yards, 
and  14  inches. 

MYRICAASPLENIFOLIA,Comptoniaasple- 
nif'olia — m.  Cerifera,  see  Cera  flava  et  alba,  and 
Wax,  myrtle. 

Myui'ca  Galk,  Myrtus  Braban'tiea,  M  Ang'- 
(tea,  Myrtifo' Ha  Bel'gica,  Gale,  Gagel,  Rhus  syl- 
ces'tris,  Ac'aron,  Elaag'nus,  E.  Cordo,  Chamce- 
laagnus,  Dodonafa,  Dutch  myrtle,  Sweet  gale, 
Sweet  icillow,  Camlleberry  myrtle,  (F.)  Virnent 
Royal,  The  de  Simon  Pauli,  Gale  odor  ant.  Fa- 
mily, Amentacece.  Sex.  Sijst. Dicccia  Tetrandria. 
The  leaves,  flowers,  and  seeds  have  a  strong, 
fragrant  smell,  and  a  bitter  taste.  They  are 
used  for  destroying  mollis  and  cutaneous  in- 
sects, and  the  infusion  is  given  internally  as  a 
stomachic  and  vermifuge. 
MYRhN'GA,  see  Tympanum. 
MYR1NX,  see  Tympanum. 
MYR1STICA,  see  M.  moschata. 
Myuis'tica  Moscha'ta,  M.  aromut'ica,  Co- 
maenn.  Nat.  Ord.  Myristiceae.  The  tree  which 
pioduces  the  nutmeg  and  mace,  (F.)  Mvsca- 
dier.  The  Nutmeg,  Mijristica  (Fh'.  U.  S.)  My- 
ris'ticcc  nu'cleus,  Myris'licae  moscha'lse  nu'deas, 
Nux  moscha'ta,  Nads' ta,  Nux  myris'tica,  Chry- 
soba farms  Gnh'ni,  Unguenta'ria,  As'sulu,  Nux 
aromat'ica,  (F.)  Muscade,  is  the  seed  or  kernel. 
It  has  a  fragrant,  aromatic  odour;  an  agreea- 
ble pungent  taste,  and  is  much  used  for  culi 
nary  purposes.  Alcohol  extracts  its  active 
matter.  It  has  the  properties  of  aromatics  in 
general;  being  stimulant  and  stomachic.  The 
oil — Oleum  myristicae — possesses  the  virtues  of 
the  nutmeg.  Dose  of  the  nutmeg,  gr.  v.  to  ^j ! 
— of  the  oil  g".  iij  to  gtt.  vj. 

Mace,  Macis,  Maces,  Floras  macis,  (F.)  Fleurs 
de  muscade,  is  the  involucrum  of  the  fruit;  it  is 
membranous,  with  the  odour  and  taste  of  the 
nutmeg,  and  is  possessed  of  similar  qualities. 
The  Oleum  macis  is  a  fragrant,  sebaceous  sub- 
stance, expressed  in  the  East  Indies.  It  is  only 
used  externally. 

MYRISTICAE  NUCLEUS,  see  Myristica 
moschata. 

MYRMECIASIS,  Formication. 
MYRMECIASMOS,  Formication. 
MYRMECIZON,  Formicant. 
MYRMEX,  Formica. 

MYROBAL'ANUS,  fiom  pvQov,  'an  oint- 
ment,' and  (iaAaiog,  'a  nut;'  so  called,  because 
formerly  used  in  ointments,  JJngeloc'acos,  My- 
ro'balan.  A  dried  Indian  fruit,  of  the  plum 
kind  of  different  species  of  Termina'lia.  Of 
this  there  are  several  varieties — the  M.Bellir'ica 
or  BiUiric  myrobalan,  Bellegu,  Bdlcrigi,  Beliri- 
leg; — the  M.  cheb'uht  or  Ghebule  mijrob'olan,- 
the  M.  cit'rina  or  Yellow  myrobalan,  Ara'ra ;  the 
M.  Em'blica  or  emblic  myrobalan,  and  the  M.  In- 
dira, As'uar,  Indian,  or  Black  myrobalan.  All 
the  myrobalans  have  an  unpleasant,  bitterish, 
very  austere  taste;  and  strike  an  inky  black- 
'  ness  with  a  solution  of  steel.  They  are  said 
to  possess  laxative  as  well  as  astringent  pro- 
perties. 

MYRON,  Uniruentum. 

MYROPISSOCE'RON.  A  topical  applica- 
tion in  alopecia,  referred  to  by  Galen;  from 
uugor,  'ointment,'  -riaju,  'pitch,'  and  xyoog, 
■  wax.' 

MYROPCEAS,  Unguentarius. 
MYROPOLES,  Apothecary,  Unguentarius. 


MYROSPERMUM  PERUIFERUM,  see 

Myroxylon  peruiferum. 

MYROXYLON,  see  M.  Peruiferum. 
Myrox'ylon  Peruif'erum,  from  uvnov,  'an 
ointment,'  and  $vXov,  'wood;'  Caburei'ba.  Nat. 
Ord.  Leguminosce.  The  tree  which  affords  the 
Peru'vian  balsam,  Bal'samum  Peruvia'num,  Put- 
zochill,  Myrox'yli  Pervifcri  bal'samum,  Myroxy- 
lon (Ph.  U.  S.)  Indian,  Mexican,  or  American 
balsam,  Balsamum  Perua'num,  Cabureiciba,(F.) 
Baume  dc  Perou.  This  balsam  consists  of  Ben- 
zoic acid,  resin,  and  essential  oil.  Its  odour  is 
fragrant  and  aromatic;  taste  hot  and  hitter;  so- 
luble in  alcohol,  and  miscible  in  water  by  the 
aid  of  mucilage.  It  is  stimulant  and  tonic,  and 
considered  to  be  expectorant;  as  such,  it  has 
been  employed  in  paralysis,  chronic  asthma, 
chronic  bronchitis  and  rheumatism,  gleet,  le'u- 
corrhoea,  &c,  and,  externally,  for  cleansing  and 
stimulating  foul  indolent  ulcers.  Dose  gtt.  v. 
to  g«.  xxx. 

White  Balsam  of  Peru,  Nalurul  balsam,  Bal- 
samum alhnm,  Styrax  alba,  Balsamelce'on,  is 
obtained  by  incision  from  the  Myrospcr'muiu 
peruiferum. 

Myroxylon  ToLuiFHRUM,  Toluifera  Balsa- 
mum. 

MYRRHA,  ^u?oa,  Heb.  Tro;  Bala,  Stacte,  Er- 
go s' ina,  Myrrh,  Cab/nia.  Smyrna,  Myrrha,  rubra, 
(F.)  Myrrhe.  The  exudation  of  an  unknown 
plant  of  Abyssinia  or  Arabia  Felix,  said  to  be 
the  Balsamaden'dron  myrrha.  This  gum-resin 
has  a  fragrant,  peculiar  odour;  and  bitter  aro- 
matic taste.  It  is  in  reddish-yellow,  light,  brit- 
tle, irregular  tears;  partially  soluble  in  distilled 
water  when  aided  by  friction.  S.  G.  1  360.  It 
is  stimulant;  and  has  been  used  in  cachectic 
affections,  humoral  asthma,  chronic  bronchitis, 
&c.     Dose,  gr.  x    to  "j. 

Myiirha  Imperfecta,  Bdellium. 

MYRRHINE,  Myrtus. 

MYRRH1S  ANNUA,  Athamanta  Cretensis 
— m.  Odorata,  Chrevophyllum  odoratum. 

JV1YRSINE,  Myrtus. 

MYRSINELJE'ON,  from  fiv^aivy,  'the  myr- 
tle,' and  eXaior,  'oil.'  Oil  of  myrtle. — Diosco- 
rides 

MYRSUNTTES^uorrn/T^c.  Wine,  in  which 
branches  of  myrtle  have  been  macerated. 

MYRTACANTHA,  Ruscus. 

MYRTE  COMMUN,  Myrtus. 

MYRTID'ANON,  pvqxiSilvbv.  An  excre- 
scence, growing  on  the  trunk  of  the  myrtle, 
and  used  as  an  astringent.  Also,  a  wine — 
Vinum  Myrtid'anum — made  from  wild  myrtle 
berries. 

MYRTIFO LIA  BELG1CA,  Myrica  gale. 

MYR'TIFORM,  Myrtiform'is;  from  myrtus, 
'a  myrtle,'  and  forma,  'shape.'  Having  the 
shape  of  a  leaf  of  myrtle.  A' name  given  to  a 
muscle  (depressor  aim  nasi,  q.  v.)  to  the  fossa 
incisiva;  to  certain  caruncles,  (q.  v.)  &c. 

MYRT1FORMIS,  Compressor  naris,  Depres- 
sor aire  nasi. 

MYR'ITTES.  A  name,  given  to  a  medicine 
prepared  with  honey  and  myrtle  berries. 

MYRTLE,  Myrtus— m.  Berry,  Vaccinium 
myrtiilus — m.  Candleberry,  Myrica  gale  — in. 
Dutch,  Myrica  male — m.  Wild,  Ruscus. 

MYRTOCHE1LIDES,  Nymphs. 

MYRTOCKILA,  Nymphse. 

MYRTON,  Clitoris. 

MYRTUS,  Myrtus  eommu'nis,  M.  communis 


MYRTUS  ANGLICA 


504 


NAIL 


lud'ica,  MyrsiM,  MyrrhinS,  The  Myrtle,  (F  ) 
Myrte  Commun.  The  berries  of  this  plant  have 
been  recommended  in  alvineand  uterine  fluxes 
and  other  disorders  of  relaxation  and  debility. 
They  are  moderately  astringent  and  somewhat 
aromatic. 

Myrtus  Anglica,  Myrica  gale — m.  Braban- 
tica,  Myrica  gale. 

Myrtus  Cauyoimiylla'ta,  Cassia  caryophyl- 
la' la,  CaneFIa  caryophyllata,  (F.)  Capetel,  Can- 
nelle  giroflie.  The  tree  which  affords  the  Clove 
bark,-  Cortex  caryop/tylla'lus.  This  bark  is  a 
warm  aromatic;  resembling  clove  with  an  ad- 
mixture of  cinnamon.  It  may  be  used  with  the 
same  views  as  cloves  or  cinnamon. 

Myrtus  Pimen'ta.  The  tree  which  bears  the 
Jamaica  pepper,  Pimen'ta:  baccse,  Pimento  ber- 
ries, Pimento,  Piper  caryophyllatum,  Coc'culi 
Jndi  aromat'ici,  Piper  chia'pse,  Jtmo'mum  pimen- 
ta,  Fructus  pimenti,  Carive,  Caryophyl' Ins  Ame- 
r'ca'nvs,  Piper  odora'tum  Jamaicen'se.  Allspice, 
Piper  Jarnaicen'sS,  Piper  labas'cum,  (F.)  Poivre 
de  Jamaique,  Toute  6pice,  Jlssourou.  These 
unripe  berries — Pimento.  (Ph.  U.  S.) — have  an 
aromatic  odour ;  resembling  a  mixture  of  cin- 
namon, nutmeg,  and  cloves;  the  taste  is  pun- 
gent, but  mixed,  like  the  odour.  Like  other 
peppers,  this  is  stimulant  and  carminative.  The 
oil—  O'leum  Pimen'ta — possesses  the  virtues  of 
the  berries.  The  powdered  fruit  has  been 
called  Quutre  cpiccs  or  Four  spites.  Dose,  gr. 
v.  to  J}ij. 

MYS,  Muscle. 

MYSIOLOGIA,  Myology. 


MYSTAX,  juvTreii,.  The  hair  growing  on 
each  side  of  the  upper  lip  in  men.  The  mus- 
tache or  muslachio,  (F.)  Moustache.  Also,  the 
upper  lip. 

MYSTE'RION,  juu<m;gior,  'a  mystery.'  An 
arcanum,  nostrum,  or  secret  preparation  in 
general.  Also  an  antidote  referred  to  by  Galen 
and  others. 

MYSTRON,  ftvo-Toov.  A  Greek  measure, 
which  held  about  three  drachms. 

MYT'ILUS  EDU'LIS.  The  common  mus- 
sel. (F.)  Moule.  A  bivalve,  the  flesh  of  which, 
when  at  all  in  a  state  of  decomposition,  is 
highly  poisonous.  When  fresh,  it  is  an  agreea- 
ble article  of  diet. 

MYU'RUS,  Meiuros.  A  pulse  is  so  called 
when  it  sinks  progressively  and  becomes  small- 
er and  smaller  like  a  rat's  tail ;  from  tivg, 
'rat,'  and  ov^a,  'tail.'  Pulsus  myurus  recip'- 
roctis,  a  pulse,  which,  after  having  become  gra- 
dually weaker,  resumes,  by  degrees,  its  former 
character. 

MYXA,  Mucus,  Sebestina. 

MYXODES,  Mucous. 

MYXOR'RHOOS,  (jlv%oqqooc,  frora/ivga,  'mu- 
cus,' and  Qtw,  'I  flow.'  One  who  is  subject  to 
mucous  discharge.  Applied  to  infants,  that 
discharge  a  considerable  quantity  of  mucus  and 
saliva. 

MYXOSARCO'MA,  from  uv$a, '  mucus,'  and 
aae,i,  'flesh.'  A  tumour  which  is  mucocarneous ; 
partly  mucous  and  partly  fleshy. 

MYXOTER,  Nasus. 

MYZESIS,  Sucking. 


N. 


N.  This  letter,  in  prescriptions,  is  an  abridg- 
ment of  Numero,  'by  number.' 

NABOT,  Saccharum  candidutn. 

NABO'THI  GLANDULE,  (Vvula  Nabothi, 
Ova'rium  Nabothi,  Folli'culi  rolun'di  et  oblon'gi, 
Vesi'cutse  seu  Bullx  rotun'dx  cervi'cis  u'teri, 
VesiduUe  seminaries  mulie'rum,  Cor' pom  globo'- 
sa,  Corpus'cula  g/obo'sa,  Glundulxseu  Hydatides 
cervi'cis  uteri.  Small,  mucous  crypts  or  fol- 
licles situate  in  the  interstices  of  the  dupli- 
catures  of  the  lining  membrane  of  the  cervix 
uteri.  Nabotb,  from  noticing  them  in  a  morbid 
condition,  mistook  them  for  ova;  and  hence 
they  received  the  name  Ovu/a  Nabothi. 

NACRA,  J\"akra,  Nasa.  A  kind  of  infl  uenza, 
common  in  the  East  Indies. 

JN/EVUS,  Nxvus  mater'nus,  Nevus,  Mac'ulx 
matri'cis,  M.  Mater '  nx,  Stig'mata,  Mttrocel'  ides, 
Mother  s  Marks,  Fancy  murks,  Mother's  spots, 
Congen'ita  nolce,  (F.)  Envie,  TuchedeMaissan.ee. 
.Spots  of  various  kinds  on  the  skin  of  children 
when  born,  which  have  been  idly  attributed  to 
the  influence  of  the  maternal  imagination  on 
the  foetus  in  utero.  They  are  of  various  ap- 
pearances, some  much  better  supplied  with 
blood  than  others.  Some  are  merely  superficial 
or  stain-like  spots.  Others  rre  prominent;  and, 
often,  have  long,  irregular  hairs  growing  from 
them.  These  have  usually  been  called  Moles, 
Spiti,  Spilo'ma,  Epichro'ses  spili,  <fcc. 

When  nawi  are  superficial,  without  any  dis- 
position to  enlarge  or  spread,  they  need  not  be 
meddled  with;  but  all  those  tint  partake  of  the 


character  of  aneurism  by  anastomosis  had  bet- 
ter be  removed  by  the  knife,  where  practica- 
ble. 

NAFDA,  Naphtha. 

NAIL,  Sax.  naesl.  (G.)  Nagel.  Unguis, 
Onyx,  (F  )  Ongle.  A  whitish  transparent  sub- 
stance, similar  to  horn,  which  covers  the  dorsal 
extremity  of  the  fingers.  Three  portions  are 
distinguished  in  it;  the  extremity,  which  is  free, 
at  the  end  of  the  finger; — the  body  or  middle 
portion  adherent  by  its  inner  surface;  and  the 
root,  in'timum  unguis.  The  last  presents  two 
distinct  parts;  the  one,  terminated  by  a  thin, 
serrated  edue,  is  buried  in  a  duplicative  of  the 
skin;  the  other,  called  lu'nula  seu  semUu' iiuld 
unguium  is  whitish  and  of  a  semilunar  shape. 
and  is  situate  above  the  part  where  the  epider- 
mis terminates.  The  nails  are  composed  of  a 
homy  tissue,  of  the  same  nature  as  that  which 
forms  the  hoofs,  horns,  and  scales  of  different 
animals.  When  the  nail  has  been  torn  off,  the 
papilla  of  the  skin  become  covered  by  a  soft. 
whitish  lamina,  whose  consistence  gradually 
augments.  New  laminae  are  then  formed  under- 
neath, and  give  the  nail  the  thickness  it  ought 
to  possess.  The  corneous  substance,  being  thus 
constantly  produced  at  the  extremity  of  each  of 
these  laminae,  the  whole  of  the  nail  is  pushed 
forwards,  and  it  would  grow  indefinitely,  were 
it  not  cut  or  worn  by  friction. 

The  nails  protect  and  support  the  extremities 
of  the  finders  against  the  impression  of  hard 
bodies.     They  are,  also,  useful  in  laying  hold 


MMY 


>05 


NARDUM  GALLICUM 


of  email  bodies;  and  dividing  those  that  have 
but  little  consistence. 

MM,  Nanus. 

NAKRA,  Nacra. 

NANUS,  Pumil'in,  Fumilo,  'a  dwarf.'  Pu'- 
milus,  Pomil'ius,  'dwarfish.'  (F.)  JYain.  An 
individual,  who  is  much  below  the  usual  sta- 
ture. The  term  is  applicable  to  all  organized 
beings,  from  man  to  the  vegetable.  Trees  have 
their  dwarfs,  as  the  human  species  have  theirs. 
Some  curious  authenticated  instances  of  human 
dwarfs  are  on  record.  Bebe,  the  dwarf  of  Sta- 
nislaus, king  of  Poland,  was  33  inches  ("French) 
long,  and  well  proportioned.  The  Polish  noble- 
man, Borwlaski,  who  was  well  made,  clever,  and 
a  good  linguist,  measured  28  Paris  inches.  He 
had  a  brother,  34  inches  high,  and  a  sister  21. 
A  Friesland  peasant,  at  26  years  of  age,  had  at- 
tained 29  Amsterdam  inches.  C.  H.  Stoberin, 
of  Niirnberg,  was  under  3  feet  high  at  20,  yet 
he  was  well  proportioned  and  possessed  of 
talents. 

NAPE  OF  THE  NECK,  Nucha. 

NAPELLUS  VERUS,  Aconitum  napellus. 

NAPrL^E  FLORES,  see  Citrus  aurantium. 

NAPHTHA,  Acetone. 

Naphtha,  JVafda,  O'leum  petrse  album,  from 
a  Chaldaic  and  Syriac  word  signifying  bitumen. 
A  bituminous  substance,  found  in  Persia,  Cala- 
bria, Sicily,  &c.  It  is  liquid,  limpid,  of  a  yel- 
lowish white  colour,  a  smell  slightly  resembling 
that  of  oil  of  turpentine,  and  lighter  than  water. 
It  resembles  petroleum  in  its  properties,  and 
has  been  chiefly  used  as  an  external  application ; 
although,  occasionally,  as  an  anthelmintic,  and 
in  inhalation  in  phthisis  pulmonalis. 

Naphtha  Vitrioli,  iEther  sulphuricus — n. 
Vitrioli  camphorata,  Tinctura  aetherea  campho- 
rata — n.  Vitrioli  martialis, Tinctura  seu  Alcohol 
sulphurico  sethereus  ferri — n.  Wood,  Acetone. 

NAPHTHALINE.  When  coal-tar  is  subject- 
ed to  distillation,  naphthaline  passes  over  after 
coal  naphtha.  It  is  a  white,  shining,  concrete, 
crystalline  substance,  fusible  at  176°  and  boil- 
ing at  423°.  It  is  soluble  in  alcohol,  ether, 
naphtha  and  the  oils,  but  insoluble  in  water. 
It  has  been  used  as  an  excitant  expectorant,  in 
the  dose  of  8  to  30  grains  in  emulsion  or  syrup, 
and  repeated.  It  has  also  been  used  as  an  an- 
thelmintic; and,  when  made  into  an  ointment, 
in  psoriasis,  lepra  vulgaris,  &c. 

NAPIFORM,  Bnnioid. 

NAPIUM,  Lapsana. 

NAPLES  (CLIMATE  OF.)  The  climate  of 
Naples  in  its  general  chnracters  resembles  that 
of  Nice,  but  it  is  more  changeable:  the  sirocco 
too,  which  is  little  known  in  Nice,  is  severely 
felt  at  Naples.  It  is  not  a  good  residence  for 
the  phthisical  invalid:  Sir  James  Clark,  in- 
deed, considers  it  altogether  an  unsuitable  resi- 
dence for  such. 

Naples,  Mineral  Waters  of.  In  the  Quar- 
ter, Santa  Lucia,  near  the  coast,  is  a  cold  spring, 
rich  in  sulphuretted  hydrogen  and  carbonic 
acid.  It  is  much  used  as  an  aperient  Ionic,  and 
in  cutaneous  affections. 

Naples  Water,  Factitious,  (F.)  Eau  de 
Naples,  Anna  Ncnpolita'na,  Aqua  acicHula  hydro- 
suljihura'ta.  {Acidulous  water,  containing  four 
times  its  bulk  of  carbonic  acid,  ^xv,and  sjiij; 
hydrosu/phureffed  icnlcr,  |rix;  carbonate  of  sot! it, 
gr.  viij;  carbonate  of  magnesia,  gr.  s.  M.    Ph.  P.) 

NAPTA,  Nata. 
33 


NAPUS.  Sinapis — n.  Leucosinapis,  Sinapis 
alba — n.  Sylvestris,  Brassica  napus. 

KARCAPHTE,  Thymiama. 

NARCAPH'THON,  Kascaph'thon.  The  bark 
of  an  aromatic  tree  formerly  brought  from  India. 
By  some,  supposed  to  be  that,  of  the  tree  which 
affords  the  olibanum.  It  was  used  in  fumigation, 
in  diseases  of  the  lungs. 

NARCE,  Narcosis. 

NARCEMA,  Narcosis. 

NARCESIS,  Narcosis. 

N.1RCISSE  FAUX,  Narcissus  pseudo-nar- 
cissus— n.  des  Pres,  Narcissus  pseudo-narcissus 
— n.  Sauvage,  Narcissus  pseudo- narcissus. 

NARCIS'SUS  PSEUDO  NARCIS'SUS, 
Daffodil,  (F.)  Narcisse  sauvage,  Narcisse  des 
pres,  Faux  narcisse.  The  root  is  emetic  and 
cathartic,  in  the  dose  of  gij.  The  flowers  are 
antispasmodic.     Dose,  24  grains. 

NARCO'SIS,  JYar'coiism,  JYarcS,  Narca,  Nar- 
ce'ma,  Narct'sis,  from  vaoxout,  'I  benumb.'  Tor- 
pe'do,  Torpor,  Stupor,  Stupefac'tio.  The  aggre- 
gate effects  produced  by  narcotic  substances. 
At  times,  narcotism  is  confined  to  a  state  of 
more  or  less  profound  stupor;  and  constitutes, 
in  certain  cases,  a  useful  remedial  condition;  at 
others,  it  is  a  true  poisoning,  characterized  by 
vertigo,  nausea,  a  state  of  intoxication  or  apo- 
plexy, constant  delirium,  convulsive  motions, 
&c.  Emetics,  in  strong  doses,  and  not  much 
diluted  with  water;  purgatives  and  glysters  are 
the  first  means  to  be  "used  in  this  condition. 
The  stupor  may  afterwards  be  combated  by  the 
use  of  exciting  and  stimulating  drinks. 

NARCOTIA,  Narcotine. 

NARCOT'ICS,  JYarcot'ica,  Caro'tica,  Obstu- 
pefacien'tia,  Stupefacien'tia,  Cerebro-spinanls, 
(F.)  Stupcfactifs,  Stupifiants.  Same  etymon. 
Substances,  which  have  the  property  of  stupe- 
fying;— as  opium,  stramonium,  hyoscyamus. 
belladonna,  &c.  They  are  used  in  medicine  as 
soothing  agents;  exerting  their  particular  influ- 
ence on  the  brain.  In  small  doses,  as  a  gene- 
ral principle,  narcotics  stimulate;  in  large,  they 
act  as  sedatives.  The  following  is  a  list  of  the 
chief  narcotics: — Aconitum,  iEtherea,  Bella- 
donna, Camphora,  Conium,  Digitalis,  Humulus, 
Hyoscyamus,  Lactucarium,  Opium  and  Morphia, 
Stramonii  Folia,  Stramonii  Semina,  Mental 
Narcotics,  (Appropriate  Music,  Monotonous 
Sounds,  or  any  succession  of  monotonous  im- 
pressions.) 

NAR'COTINE,  Karcoti'na,  JVarcol'ia,  Narco- 
tin,-  same  etymon;  Sel  de  Derosne,  Opiane, 
Set  d'opium,  Principe  crystallizable  de  Derosne. 
A  soiid,  white,  inodorous,  and  insipid  substance ; 
by  some  considered  to  be  alkaloid,  by  others 
neuter;  crystallizable  in  straight  prisms  with  a 
ihomboidal  base;  fusible  like  the  fats;  soluble 
in  boiling  alcohol  and  ether,  and  scarcely  solu- 
ble in  water.  Narcotine  produces  all  the  un- 
pleasant effects  of  opium;  but  at  the  same  time, 
throws  the  animal  into  a  state  of  stupor.  It  is 
not  used  in  medicine,  on  account  of  these  ob- 
jections. The  salts,  which  are  very  bitter,  have 
been  used  successfully  in  India  for  the  cure  of 
intermittents. 

NARCOTISM,  Narcosis. 

NARD,  CELTIC,  Valeriana  Celtica— n.  Indi- 
ca,  Nardus  Indica— n.  Indien,  Nardus  Indica — 
n.  Indique,  Nardus  Indica—  n.  Petit,  Aralia  nu- 
dicaulis — n   Sauvage,  Asarum. 

NARDUM  GALLICUM,  Valeriana  Celtica. 


NARDUS  AMERICANUS 


506 


NASAL  NOTCH 


NARDUS  AMERICANUS,  Aralia  nudieau- 
lis — n.  Celtica,  Valeriana  Celtica — n.  Montana, 
Asarum. 

Nardus  In'dica,  Spica  nardi,  Spica  In'dica, 
Indian  nard,  Spikenard,  Andropo  gon  nardus. 
The  root  of  this  plant  is  one  of  the  ingredients 
in  the  mithridate  and  theriaca.  It  is  moderately 
warm  and  pungent,  and  has  a  flavour  by  no 
means  disagreeable.  It  is  used  by  the  Orientals 
as  a  spice: — (F.)  Nard.  Indien,  N.  Indique.  An 
ointment  was  formerly  used,  called  Unguen'- 
turn  nardi' num.  It  was  prepared  of  Nard,  Ma- 
lubathrum  leaves,  Oil  of  worms,  Costus,  Amomum, 
Myrrh,  &c,  and  was  used  as  a  detergent. 

Nardus  Rustica,  Asarum. 

NARES,  Rhines,  Cav'itas  Na.'rium,  Cavum 
seu  Ca'vea  seu  Caver' na  narium,  Nasus  inter'' 
nus,  Mycte'res,  Na'rium  ad'itus,  Ocltetcu'mata. 
The  nosti-ils,  (F.)  Narines.  Two  elliptical  aper- 
tures, situate  beneath  the  nose,  and  separated 
from  each  other  by  the  cartilaginous  septum 
nasi.  These  apertures  are  continually  open,  and 
give  passage  to  the  air  we  breathe;  and  to  the 
mucous  fluids  secreted  in  the  nasal  fossa?. 

Nares  Interna,  Nasal  fossa?. 

Nares  Posterior,  Nares  postre'mse,  Extre'- 
mm  nares.  Oslia  posterio'ra  seu  Cho'anaina'rium, 
Na'rium  Ez'itus,  (F. )  Arrieres  narines,  Ouver- 
lures  posterieurcs  des  fosses  nasates,  are  the 
posterior  apertures  of  the  nasal  cavities,  which 
establish  a  communication  between  those  cavi- 
ties and  the  pharynx.  They  are  bounded, above, 
by  the  body  of  the  sphenoid  bone;  below,  by  the 
palate  bone,  and  the  base  of  the  velum  pendu- 
lum; arid,  on  the  outside,  by  the  internal  ala  of 
ihe  pterygoid  process.  They  are  separated  from 
each  other  by  a  septum,  of  which  the  vomer  is 
the  bony  part. 

NARIFUSO'RIA,  from  nares,  'the  nostrils,' 
and  f under  e,fusum,  'to  pour.'  Medicines  dropt 
into  the  nostrils. 

NARINES,  Nares. 

NARIUM  ADITUS,  Nares. 

NARTHEX,  Splint. 

NASA,  Nacra,  Nata. 

NASAL,  Nusa'lis,  from  nasus,  'the  nose.' 
That  which  relates  to  the  nose. 

Nasal  Artery.  This  is  the  largest  of  the 
two  branches  in  which  the  ophthalmic  artery 
terminates.  It  issues  from  the  orbit,  above  the 
tendon  of  the  orbicularis  palpebrarum,  passes 
above  the  side  of  the  root  of  the  nose,  and 
anastomoses  with  the  last  extremity  of  the  fa- 
cial Haller  gave  the  name  nasal  to  the  sphe- 
nopalatine. He  also  called  the  dorsales  nasi, 
furnished  by  the  external  maxillary,  Nasales 
laierales. 

Nasal  Bones,  Ossa  nasi,  Ossa  nasa'lia,  Os- 
y'ldula  nasi,  Ossa  maxifla;  superio'ris  quurtu  seu 
ijuinla  seu  sccun'da,  (F.)  Os  nasatix,  Os  prnpres 
du  nez.  These  bones  are  situate  beneath  the 
nasal  notch  of  the  os  frontis,  and  occupy  the 
space  between  the  nasal  or  angular  processes 
of  the  superior  maxillary  bone.  Their  shape 
is  nearly  quadrilateral.  They  have  an  external 
or  cutaneous  surface;  an  internal  or  nasal,  and 
four  margins.  Each  is  articulated  with  its  fellow, 
with  the  os  frontis,  ethmoid,  and  superior  max- 
illary bone.     They  ossify  from  a  single  point. 

Nasal  Car'tilagb,  Cartilafgo  triangularis 
Nasi.  A  cartilage  formed  of  three  portions, 
which  unite  at  the  dorsum  nasi,  and  are  dis- 


tinguished into  the  cartilage  of  the  septum.,  and 
the  lateral  cartilages.  This  cartilage  is  conti- 
nuous, above,  with  the  ossa  nasi;  and,  inferiorly, 
with  membranous  fibro-cartilages,  which  form 
the  supple  and  movable  part  of  the  nostrils. 
They  are  two  in  number — the  one  before,  the 
other  behind. 

Nasal  Foss«.  Cavi  na'rium,  Nares  inter'nce, 
are  two  large,  anfractuous  cavities,  situate  be- 
tween the  orbits  below  the  cranium,  and  lined 
by  the  pituitary  or  Schneiderian  membrane. 
These  cavities  have  no  communication  with  each 
other;  but  the  various  sinuses  in  the  neighbour- 
ingbones; — the  ethmoidal,  sphenoidal,  superior 
maxillary,  &c,  all  communicate  with  them. 
The  general  cavity  of  each  nostril  is  divided  by 
the  ossa  spongiosa  into  three  meatus  or  passages, 
which  run  from  before  backwards.  1.  The 
Meatus  narium  supe'rior,  placed  at  the  upper, 
inner,  and  back  part  of  the  superior  spongy 
bone.  2.  The  Meatus  medius,  situate  between 
the  superior  and  inferior  spongy  bones;  and  3. 
The  Meatus  inferior,  situate  between  the  infe- 
rior spongy  bone  and  at  the  bottom  of  the  nose. 
The  Schneiderian  membrane  receives  the  first 
pair  of  nerves,  and  various  branches  from  the 
fifth  pair.  The  arteries  are  furnished  by  the 
branches  of  the  internal  maxillary,  known  under 
the  names  of  spheno-palatine,  infra-orbitar,  su- 
perior alveolar,  palatine,  pterygopalatine;  by 
the  supra-orbitar,  and  ethmoidal  branches  of  the 
ophthalmic  artery,  by  the  internal  carotid,  supe- 
rior labial,  and  dorsales  nasi.  Its  veins  are  little 
known,  and  generally  follow  the  course  of  the 
arteries.  The  lymphatics  are  almost  unknown. 
The  nasal  fossae  are  the  seat  of  smell;  they  aid 
also,  in  respiration  and  phonation. 

Nasal  Mucus,  Mucus  na'rium,  Mucor  seu 
P'tlui'ta  seu  Blenna  seu  I.ympha  mvculen'ta 
narium,  vulgarly  called  Snot,  (F.)  Morve,  is 
the  mucus  secreted  by  the  Schneiderian  mem- 
brane. 

Nasal  NERXF.,Naso-patpebral  (Cli.,)  Naso-ocu- 
la'ris  (Sommering.)  One  of  the  three  branches 
of  the  ophthalmic  nerve  of  Willis.  It  enters  the 
orbit  by  the  sphenoidal  fissure,  passes  along  the 
inner  paries  of  that  cavity,  and  divides,  opposite 
the  internal  and  anterior  orbitar  foramen,  into 
two  branches.  1.  The  internal  and  posterior, 
which  passes  into  the  Foramen  orbitar ium  inter- 
num anterius,  enters  the  cranium  beneath  the 
dura  mater,  and  passes  into  the  nasal  fossae, 
through  an  aperture  at  the  sides  of  the  Crista 
galli.  It  afterwards  divides  into  several  fila- 
ments: one  of  them — the  Naso-lobar,  of  Chaus- 
sier — is  very  small,  and  descends  on  the  poste- 
rior surface  of  the  os  nasi,  and  ramifies  in  the 
integuments  of  the  ala  nasi.  A  second  termi- 
nates near  the  septum;  others  descend  along 
the  outer  paries  of  the  nasal  fosss.  2.  The 
other  is  external  and  anterior,  and  is  called  the 
external  nasal  nerve.  Jt  is  distributed  to  the 
outside  of  the  orbit.  Before  dividing,  the  nasal 
nerve  communicates  with  the  ophthalmic  gan- 
glion, and  gives  off  two  or  three  ciliary  nerves: 
the  Posterior  Nasal  Nerve.  Sommering  has 
given  this  name  to  the  nerves,  which  arise  from 
the  internal  partofthe  spheno-palatine  ganglion. 

Nasal  Notch,  (F.)  Itchancrure  uasale.  A 
semicircular  notch,  situate  between  the  nasal 
prominence  of  the  frontal  bone,  and  articulated 
with  the  nasal  bones  and  the  nasal  processes  of 
the  superior  maxillary  bones. 


NASAL  PROMINENCE 


507 


NAUSEA  MARINA 


^Iasal  Prominence,  (F.)  Bosse  nasa.lt.     A 
irominence,  sitoate  on  the  median  line,  at  the 
interior  surface  of  the  ob  frontis,  between  the 
two  superciliary  arches. 

Nasal  Spines.  These  are  three  in  number. 
1.  The  Superior  nasal  spine  of  the  os  frontis, 
occupying  the  middle  of  its  nasal  notch,  and 
articulated  before  with  the  nasal  bones,  behind 
-.vith  the  ethmoid.  2.  The  infe'rior  and  anterior 
nasal  spine,  situate  at  the  inferior  part  of  the  an- 
terior opening  of  the  nasal  fossa?.  It  is  formed 
by  the  two  superior  maxillary  bones;  and  3 
The  infe'rior  arad  poste'rior  nasal  spine,  itpine 
gutturale,  (Ch.)  a  process,  formed  on  the  me- 
dian line  by  the  two  palate  bones  at  the  poste- 
rior part  of  the  palatine  arch. 

NAiSALIS,  Compressor  naris. 

Nasa'lis  La'bii  Superio'ris.  A  small  mus- 
cular slip,  which  runs  up  from  the  middle  of 
the  orbicularis  and  the  lip  to  the  tip  of  the  nose. 
It  lies  exactly  in  the  furrow,  and  is  occasionally 
n  levator  of  the  upper  lip,  or  a  depressor  of  the 
tip  of  the  nose. 

NASATUS,  Membrosus. 

NAS'OALE.      A   kind   of  pessary,  made  of 
wool  or  cotton,  which  was  formerly  introduced 
jnto   the  vagina,  after  being  impregnated  with 
oil,  ointment,  or  some  other  proper  medicament. 
NASOAPHTHON,  Narcarphthon, 
NASDA,  Nata. 
NASITAS,  Rhinophonia. 
NASITIS  POSTICA,  Angina  nasalis. 
NASO-PAL'A  TINE,  NasopaUiti'nus.    That 
•which  belongs  to  the  nose  and  velum  palati, 

Naso-Palatine  Ganglion  is  situate  in  the 
foramen  palatinurn  anterius.  Its  greater  extre- 
mity receives  the  two  naso-palatine  branches; 
whilst  the  smaller  gives  off  two  or  three  fila- 
ments, which  reach  the  palatine  vault,  where 
they  ramify  on  the  membrane  of  the  same  name, 
anastomosing  with  filaments  of  the  great  pala- 
tine nerve. 

Naso-Palatjne  Nerve  is  furnished  by  the 
■spheno  palatine,  which  proceeds  from  the  gan-  I 
glion  of  Meckel.  It  traverses  the  vault  of  the  | 
nasal  fossae,  and  proceeds  upon  the  septum  be- 
Iween  the  two  layers  of  the  pituitary  membrane. 
ft  enters  the  anterior  palatine  canal,  and  termi- 
siates  at  the  superior  angles  of  the  nasopalatine 
ganglion,  without  attaining  the  mouth. 

NASO-PALPEBRAL,  Orbicularis  palpebra- 
rum. 

NASTURTIUM  AM  F  H  IBIU  M,  see  Si 
Symbrium — n.  Aquaticum,  Cardamine  pra- 
tensis.  Sisymbrium  nasturtium — n.  Hortense, 
Lepidium  sativum — n.  Indieum,  Tropseolum 
majus — n.  Officinale,  Sisymbrium  nasturtium — 
n.  Palustre,  see  Sisymbrium — n,  Peruvianum, 
Tropoeolum  majus — n.  Pratense,  Cardamine 
pratensis. 

NASUM  DILATANS,  Pyramidalis  nnsi. 
NASUS,  The  Nose,  Rhin,  R/iis,  O/ganon 
o'Jfnctiis  seu  odora'tus  sen  ol facto' Hum,  Prornon- 
lo'rium  faciei,  Mijxo'ter,  (F.)  Ncz.  The  nose 
is  a  pyramidal  eminence,  situate  above  the  an- 
terior apertures  of  the  nasal  fossae,  which  it 
covers;  and,  consequent! y,  occupying  the  mid- 
dle and  upper  part  of  the  face,  between  the 
forehead  and  upper  lip,  the  orbits  and  the 
cheeks.  Its  lateral  surfaces  form,  by  uniting 
angularly,  a  more  or  less  prominent  line, called  j 
the  Dorsum  Nasi,  (F.)  Dos  du  nez.    This  line  \ 


terminates,  anteriorly,  by  the  lobe.  The  sides 
are  called  Alas  Nasi,  Pinna  Naris,  (F.)  Aiks  da 
nez.  The  colurnna  is  the  inferior  part  of  the 
partition. 

The  chief  varieties  of  the  nose  are  the  aqui- 
line, the  flat  nose,  (F.)  Nez  camarot  on  dpate, 
and  the  snub  nose,  (F.)  Nez  retrousse.    The  nose 
is  formed,  besides  its  bones,  of  fibro-cartilage. 
cartilage,  muscles,  vessels,  and  nerves;  and  its 
use  seems  to  be,  to  direct  odours  to  the  upper 
part  of  the  nasal  fossae. 
Nasos  Internus,  Narcs. 
N AT A,  Nallu.Nusa,Nusda,Napta.    A  fleshy, 
indolent  excrescence,  having  the  shape  of  the 
nates. 
NATARON,  Natron. 

NATATION,  Nata'tio,  from  natare,  itself 
from  nare,  'to  swim.'  Swimming.  The  action 
of  swimming,  or  of  supporting  one's  self,  or 
moving  upon  the  water.  Swimming  resembles 
the  horizontal  leap  in  its  physiology — the  me- 
dium being  water  instead  of  air.  The  difference 
between  the  specific  gravity  of  the  human  body 
and  that  of  water  is  not  great;  so  that  but  little 
exertion  is  required  to  keep  a  part  of  the  body 
above  water.  Swimming  is  a  healthy  gym- 
nastic exercise,  combining  the  advantages  of 
bathing. 

NATES,  Ephed'rana,  Nat'ula,  Sca'phia,  Clunes, 
Glutei,  Monce;  the  Bottom,  Backside,  Poste'riors, 
Buttocks,  &c,  (F.)  Fesses.  Two  round  pro- 
jections, at  the  inferior  and  posterior  part  of  the 
trunk,  on  which  we  sit.  Amongst  the  mam- 
malia, man  alone  has  the  nates  prominent  and 
round.  They  are  formed  chiefly  by  the  skin, 
and  a  thick  layer  of  cellular  tissue,  whichcovers 
the  three  glutaei  muscles. 

N  *tes  T-T  Testes,  Quadrigemina  corpora. 
NATRON,  Natrum,  Nafttron,  Nttrum,  from 
Natron,  a  lake  in  Judaea.     A  saline  compound, 
very  abundant  in  Egypt,  which  is  almost  wholly 
formed  of  snbearbonale  of  soda,  (q.  v.) 

NATRUM  CHLORATUM  LIQUIDUM,  Li- 
quor   sodai   chlorinaUe — n.   Muriaticuin,    Soda, 
muriate  of — n.  Muriatum,  Soda,  muriate  of— n. 
Proeparatnm,  Soda,  subcarbonate  of — n.  Tarta- 
rizatum,  Soda,  tartrate  of— n.  Vitriolatum,  Soda, 
sulphate  of— n.  Nitricum,  Soda,  nitrate  of— n. 
Oxymuriaticum,    Soda,    chloride    of — n.    Oxy- 
phosphorodes,  Soda,  phosphate  of— n.  Sulphuri- 
curn,  Soda,  sulphate  of. 
NATTA,  Nata. 
NATUL.E,  Nates. 
NATURA,  Genital  organs. 
NATURAL  PARTS,  Genital  organs. 
NATURA LIA,  Genital  organs. 
NA'TURISM,  Nat'uralism.     A  view,  which 
attributes  every  thing  to  nature,  as  a  sa<re,  pres- 
cient and  sanative  entity. — Nyslen.  See  Expec- 
tation. 

NATURIST.  A  physician,  who  scrupulous- 
ly investigates,  interprets,  and  follows  the  indi- 
cations presented  by  nature  in  the  treatment  of 
disease. 

NAUCLEA  GAMBIR,  see  Kino. 
NAUSEA,  Nausio'sis,  Nau'iia,  (F.)  Nausie, 
Envie  tie  vomir,-  from  vxvs,  navis,  'a  ship;'  be- 
cause those  unaccustomed  to  sailing  are  so  af- 
fected.    Sickness.     A  desire  to  vomit. 

Nausea  Mari'na;  Morbus  riau'ticus,  Sea- 
sickness, Vom'itus  navigan'tium,  (F.)  Mai  de  met. 
The  sickness,  vomiting,  &c,  experienced  at 
sea  by  those  unaccustomed  to  a  sea  hfe;  and 


NAUSEANT 


508 


NEEDLE,  CATARACT 


from  which  those  who  are  accustomed  are  not 
always  exempt.  It  generally  ceases  when  the 
person  becomes  habituated  to  the  motion  of  the 
vessel,  and  not  till  then. 

_  NAU'SEANT,  Kau' scans.  An  agent  that  ex- 
cites nausea,  which  is  a  state  of  diminished 
action.  Nauseants  are,  hence,  valuable  reme- 
dies in  diseases  of  excitement. 

NAUSIO'SIS.  This  word,  besides  being  sy- 
nonymous with  nausea,  (q.  v.)  has  been  used  to 
express  the  state  of  venous  hemorrhage,  when 
blood  is  discharged  by  jets. 

NAUTIA,  Nausea. 

NAVEL,  Umbilicus  — n.  String,  Funiculus 
umbilicalis. 

JYAVET,  Brassica  rapa. 

KAVETTE,  Brassica  napus. 

NAVICULAR,  Navicula'ris,  JVavifor'mis, 
from  navicula,  'a  little  ship.' 

Navic'ular  Fossa,  Fossa  Navicula'ris,  F. 
Scaphol'des,  Navic'ula,  Scaph'ula.  See  Scaphoid. 
This  name  has  been  given,  1.  To  a  small  de- 
pression between  the  entrance  of  the  vagina 
and  the  posterior  commissure  of  the  labia  majo- 
ra  or  fourchette.  2.  To  a  perceptible  dilatation, 
presented  by  the  urethra  in  man,  near  the  base 
of  the  glans.  3.  To  the  superficial  depression 
which  separates  the  two  roots  of  the  helix. 
This  is  also  called  Scapha. 

NAVTFORMIS,  Navicular. 

NAVIS,  Vulva. 

NEAR-SIGHTEDNESS,  Myopia, 

NEB'ULA,  JYubes,  JYubec'ula,  jXephos,  Ncph'- 
ele,  Nephe'lion,  (F.)  Nuage,  Ombrage.  See  Ca- 
ligo.  A  slight  speck  on  the  cornea.  A  mist 
or  cloud  suspended  in  the  urine. 

NEBULOUS,  Nepheloid. 

NECESSARY,  Necessa'rius,  {ne,  and  ces- 
sare.)  The  Necessaries  of  Life,  Vita,  necessita'- 
tes,  (F.)  Besoins  de  la  vie,  include  every  thing 
requisite  for  the  maintenance  of  life;  and  parti- 
cularly food 

NECK,  DERBYSHIRE,  Bronchocele— n. 
Swelled,  Bronchocele — n.  Stiff,  Torticollis — n. 
Wry,  Torticollis. 

NECKLACE,  AN'ODYNE.  These  are 
formed  of  the  roots  of  hyoscyamus,  Job's  tears, 
allspice  steeped  in  brandy,  or  the  seeds  of  the 
wild  liquorice  vine,  to  suit  the  fancies  of  the 
prescribers.  They  are  employed  to  facilitate 
dentition  in  children,  and  to  procure  sleep  in 
fever. 

NECKWEED,  Veronica  Beccabunga. 

NECR^E'MIA ;  from  iskjgc,  '  death,' and 'auia, 
'blood.'  Death  of  the  blood.  Death  beginning 
with  the  blood.— C.  J.  B.  Williams. 

NECRENCEPHALUS,  Mollities  cerebri. 

NECRODES,  Cadaverous. 

NECROLOGY,  BILLS  OF,  Mortality,  bills 
of. 

NECROMANCY,  Necromanti'a,  Negroman- 
ti'a,  Nigromunti'a,  Necyomanli'a,  Nigromanti'a,- 
from  rsx^o;,  '  death,'  and  fj.avcaix,  'divination.' 
Divination  by  the  dead. 

NECROMANT1A,  Necromancy. 

NECRON,  Cadaver. 

NECRONARCEMA,  Rigor  mortis. 

NECROPHOB'IA,  from  vsxqog,  '  death,'  and 
({>o0os,'fear.'  Exaggerated  fear  of  death.  This 
symptom  occurs  in  patients  where  the  disease 
is  not  mortal;  as  in  hypochondriasis.  In  fevers, 
it  is  not  a  good  symptom. 

NECROPNEUMO'NIA,      Chmgra'na     seu 


Mortijica' tio  seu  Anthrax  seu  Carbun'cufu,\ 
Pulmdnum,  Pneumosep'sis,  (F.)  Gangrene  du 
Pnumoii;  from  v.xgog,  'death,'  and  Pneumonia. 
Gangrenous  inflammation  of  the  lungs.  This 
may  be  diffused  or  circumscribed.  The  only  pa- 
thognomonic symptom  is  the  extraordinary  and 
repulsive  odour  of  the  breath  and  expectoration. 
The  treatment  consists  in  the  use  of  the  chlo- 
rides internally,  or  of  chlorine  by  inhalation; 
allaying  irritation  by  opium,  and  supporting  the 
patient  by  wine  whey,  and  nourishing  diet. 

NECROPSY,  Autopsia  cadaverica. 

NECROSCOPY,  Autopsia  cadaverica. 

NECRCSIS,  from  i*x?ow,  '  I  kill.'  Mortifi- 
cation, (q.  v.)  State  of  a  bone  or  of  a  portion- 
of  a  bone  deprived  of  life.  Necrosis  may  take 
place  without  the  surrounding  soft  parts  being 
struck  with  gangrene.  It  is  to  the  bones  what 
gangrene  is  to  the  soft  parts.  The  part  of  the 
bone  affected  with  necrosis  becomes  a  foreign 
body,  similar  to  the  gangrenous  eschar,  and  its 
separation  must  be  accomplished  by  the  efforts 
of  nature,  or  by  art.  When  necrosis  occurs  in 
the  centre  of  long  bones,  it  never  extends  to 
their  articular  extremities.  The  exterior  layers 
of  bone  form  a  canal  round  the  dead  portion  or 
sequestrum ,•  between  these  swollen  layers  and 
the  sequestrum,  suppuration  takes  place;  the 
matter  presses  against  the  bony  canal;  perfo- 
rates it,  and  is  discharged  by  apertures,  which 
become  fistulous. 

In  the  treatment,  the  exit  of  the  sequestrum 
must  be  facilitated  by  proper  incisions,  by  the 
application  of  the  trepan  to  the  bone,  &c. 

Necrosis  Dentium,  Dental  gangrene  —  n. 
Ustilao-inea,  Ergotism. 

NECROTOMY,  Dissection. 

NECTAR,  from  wj,  'a  particle  of  negation,' 
and  y.Taw,  'to  kill.'  A  pleasant  liquor,  feigned 
by  the  poets  to  have  been  the  drink  of  the 
gods,  and  to  have  rendered  immortal  those  who 
partook  of  it.  A  name  given,  by  the  ancients, 
to  many  drinks;  and  particularly  to  one  made 
with  wine,  evaporated  and  sweetened  with 
honey. 

NECUSIA,  see  Wound. 

NKCYOMANTIA,  Necromancy. 

NEDYIA,  Intestines. 

NEDYS,  vrjSvs.  The  belly;  abdomen  (q.  v.;) 
stomach  (q.  v.;)  womb. 

NEEDLE.  Sax.  nettl,  naet>l;  from  Teut. 
n  e  t  e  n, '  to  sew.'  Acus,  Bel'onS,  Raphis,  Rapk'- 
ion,  Aces'tra,  (F.)  Aiguille.  A  steel  instiument, 
used  in  many  professions.  In  Surgerij,  a  steel, 
gold,  silver,  or  pktina  instrument,  that  may  be 
round,  flat,  or  triangular,  straight  or  curved, 
supported  or  not  by  a  handle,  but  having  always 
a  point,  by  means  of  which  it  penetrates  the 
textures;  and  often  having,  either  near  the 
point,  or,  more  commonly,  near  the  other  ex- 
tremity, an  aperture  for  the  reception  of  a 
thread  or  tape,  which  it  introduces  into  the 
parts.  The  Aiguille  a  appareil  of  the  French 
is  the  ordinary  sewing  needle,  used  in  the 
making  of  bandages,  &c. 

Needle,  Acupuncture,  (F.)  Aiguille  a  Acu- 
puncture. An  inflexible  gold  or  silver  needle: 
conical,  very  delicate,  four  inches  lonu;  fur- 
nished with  a  handle,  and  at  times,  with  a  ca- 
nula  shorter  than  it  by  about  half  an  inch.  An 
ordinary  needle  waxed  at  the  head,  will  answer 
as  a  substitute  for  this.     See  Acupuncture. 

Needle,  Cataract,  Acus  Opluhal'mica,  (F.) 


NEEDLE,  &c. 


509 


NEPETA 


Aiguille  a  cataracte.  Needles  of  gold,  silver, 
and  steel  have  been  used;  the  latter,  alone,  at 
the  present  day.  The  cataract  needle  is  em- 
ployed to  depress  or  tear  the  crystalline,  when 
opake.  This  needle  is  usually'made  from  15 
"to  24  lines  long:  and  is  attached  to  a  fine  han- 
dle. The  extremity  may  be,  as  in  Scarpa's  and 
Langenbeck's,  pointed,  prismatic,  triangular, 
and  curved;  in  Dupuytren's  and  Walther's, 
flat,curved,and  sharp-edged;  in  Hey 's,  flat,  with 
a  semicircular  and  sharp  end;  or,  as  in  Beer's, 
Siebold's,  Schmidt's,  Hirnly's,  Von  Grafe's, 
&c,  straight  and  spear-pointed.  A  mark  is 
generally  placed  upon  the  handle  to  inform  the 
operator,— when  the  instrument  is  engaged  in 
the  eye, — what  side  corresponds  to  the  crystal- 
line. 

Needle  for  a  Counter-Opening,  Aiguille 
a  Contre  Ouverture,  (F.)  Aiguille  engainee,  Acus 
invaginu'ta,  Aiguille  a  gaine, — is  a  long,  nar- 
row instrument  of  steel;  the  point  of  which  is 
fine  and  sharp  on  both  sides; — the  heel  (talon) 
having  an  aperture  to  receive  a  thread,  tape, 
&c,  provided  with  a  flat,  silver  sheath,  shorter 
than  the  blade,  the  point  of  which  it  covers 
when  passing  through  parts  that  have  to  be 
respected. 

Needle,  Desch  amp's,  Aiguille  de  Deschamps, 
—  I'ti life's  needle,  Aiguille  a  manche,  &c,  is  the 
last  described  needle,  fixed  to  a  handle.  The 
eye  is  placed  near  the  point.  It  is  employed  in 
the  ligature  of  deep-seated  arteries. 

Needle,  Fistula,  Aiguille  a  Fisfitle.  A  long, 
flat,  flexible,  silver  instrument;  having  an  aper- 
ture near  one  extremity;  blunt  at  the  other. 
This  was  formerly  used  for  passing  a  seton  into 
fistulous  ulcers.  On  one  of  its  sides  was  a 
groove  for  guiding  a  bistouri  in  case  of  neces- 
sity. 

Also,  a  long  steel  instrument,  terminated  by 
a  point  like  that  of  a  trocar,  which  Desault 
employed  for  penetrating  the  rectum,  when 
operating  for  fistula  that  had  no  internal  aper- 
ture. 

Needle,  Hare-Lip,  (F.)  Aiguille  a  Bee  de 
Lievre.  A  small,  silver  canula,  to  which  is  at- 
tached a  spear  point,  that  can  be  readily  with- 
drawn. This  needle,  armed  with  the  point,  is 
introduced  at  one  side  of  the  fissure  in  the  lip, 
and  through  the  other.  The  twisted  suture  (q. 
v.)  is  then  applied,  and  the  pin  withdrawn. 

Needle,  Ligature,  Aiguille  a  ligature.  A 
long,  steel  instrument,  sharp  towards  one  ex- 
tremity, with  an  eye  near  the  other,  which  was 
formerly  used  for  suspending  the  circulation  of 
blood  prior  to  amputation;  by  being  passed 
through  the  limb,  so  as  to  include  the  principal 
artery  and  a  part  of  the  muscles  and  integu- 
ments. 

Also,  a  steel  instrument  of  various  dimen- 
sions, round  towards  one  of  its  extremities, 
which  was  straight, and  furnished  with  an  aper- 
ture; curved  and  flat  towards  the  opposite, 
which  was  pointed,  and  had  a  slight  ridge  on 
its  concave  side.  At  the  commencement  of  the 
last  century,  this  instrument  was  used  to  pass 
ligatures  around  vessels. 

Also,  a  steel  instrument  of  various  dimen- 
sions, flat,  regularly  curved  in  the  form  of  a 
semicircle,  with  a  sharp  or  lance  point,  and  a 
long  eye,  used  with  advantage  in  place  of  the 
last. 

Needle,  Seton,  (F.)  Aiguille  a  Scion.     A 


long,  narrow,  steel  blade;  pointed  and  sharp  at 
one  extremity;  pierced  at  the  other  by  an  aper- 
ture. The  Aiguille  a  contre- ouverture  may  be 
used  for  the  same  purpose. 

Needle,  Suture,  (F.)  Aiguille  a  Suture.  For 
the  twisted  suture,  the  hare-lip  needle  is  used; 
for  the  others,  the  straight  or  curved  needle: 
the  straight  needle  is  preferable  for  stitching 
up  the  abdomen,  &c,  in  dissection.  In  the 
suture  of  the  tendons,  a  curved  needle  has 
been  used;  flat  on  both  sides,  and  cutting  only 
at  the  concave  edge,  in  order  that  the  instru- 
ment may  pass  between  the  tendinous  fibres 
without  dividing  them. 

NEEDLEBE  A  RER,  forte-aiguille. 

NEEULECAKRIER,  Porte-aiguille. 

JYEFLE,  Mespilus  (the  fruit.) 

JYtiFLlER,  Mespilus. 

NEFREN'DES,  Nodoi,  vwSoi,  (wj,  privative, 
and  oSovs,  'a  tooth.')  Persons  devoid  of  teeth. 
Young  children,  for  instance,  who  have  not  cut 
them;  or  aged  persons,  who  have  lost  them. 
This  state  is  called  Nefrendis,  Nodo'sia,  Odon'- 
tia  edtn'tula. 

NEGRE  BLANC,  Albino. 

NEGRO,  M'grita.  One  of  the  Ethiopian 
race.     See  Homo. 

NEGROMANTIA,  Necromancy. 

NEIJG'RA,  Imus  Venter.  The  lower  part  of 
the  belly. — Hippocrates. 

JYEIGE,  Snow. 

NELUM'BIUM  LU'TEUM,  Yellow  nelumbo, 
Yellow  water  lily.  Pond  lily,  Water  shield,  Water 
nuts,  Water  chin'  capin,  Rattle  nut,  Sacred  bean. 
A  beautiful  water  plant,  common  in  the  United 
States,  and  belonging  to  Nut.  Ord.  Nymphacea; 
Sez.Syst.  Polyandria  Polygynia.  The  leaves  are 
cooling  and  emollient  when  applied  to  the  sur- 
face. The  roots,  leaves,  and  nuts  are  eaten. 
The  last  are  called  by  the  Indians  and  others 
water  thincapins. 

NELUMBO,  YELLOW,  Nelumbium  luteum. 

NENUPHAR,  Nymphsea  alba  —  n.  Blanc, 
Nymphaea  alba — n.  Jaime,  Nymphsea  lutea — n. 
Odorant,  Nymphaea  odorata. 

NEOG'ALA,  from  »toc,  'new,'  and  yaXa, 
'milk.'  Milk  secreted  immediately  after  the 
colostrum.     Also,  the  colostrum,  (q.  v.) 

NEONATUS,  Nouveau-nc. 

NE'OPLASTY,  NEOPLASTICE:  from»*o<, 
'new,'  and  nXuaow,  nXaxiu-i,  'I  form.'  A  pro- 
cess of  operation  for  the  formation  of  new  parts. 
It  includes  autoplasty,  cicatrization  of  wounds, 
and  the  formation  of  adhesions. — Burdach. 

NEOTTIA,  Goodyera  pubescens. 

NEP,  Nepeta. 

NEPEN'THA  DESTILLATO'RIA,  Bandu'- 
ra.  A  Ceylonese  plant,  the  root  of  which  is 
astrin<rent. 

NEPENTHES,  from  vr,,  negative  particle, 
and  nevSo?,  'grief.'  A  remedy  much  extolled 
by  the  ancients  against  6adness  and  melan- 
choly. 

The  women  of  Thebes,  according  to  Diodo- 
rus  Siceliotes,  alone  possessed  the  secret  of  its 
composition;  and,  according  to  Horner,  Helen 
introduced  it  from  Egypt.  Some  suppose  it  to 
have  been  opium. 

Nepenthes,  Bangue  —  n.  Opiatum,  Piluloe 
opiatas 

NEP'ETA,  JV.  Cata'ria,  Herba  fclis,  Nep  or 
Catmint,  (F.)  Hcrbe  auz  Chats,  so  called,  be- 
cause cats  are  fond  of  it.    The  leaves,  Cata'ria 


NEPETA  AGRESTIC 


5-1-0 


JfERF' 


(Ph.  U.  S.),  have  a  smell  and  taste  like  those  of 
an  admixture  of  spearmint  and  pennyroyal.  It 
has  been  recommended  in  uterine  disorders, 
dyspepsia,  flatulency,  &c.  like  pennyroyal;  and 
is  much  used  in  domestic  medicine,  on  the 
American  continent,  in  flatulencies,  &c.  of 
children. 

Nepeta  Agrestis,  Melissa  nepeta — n.  Gle- 
choma,  Glechoma  hederacea. 

NEPHALIOTES,  Temperance. 

NEPHELE,  Enoeorema,  Nebula. 

NEFHELKON,  Nebula. 

NEPH'ELOID,  Nephelol'des,  Neh'ulous,  Nu- 
bilo'sus.  An  epithet  applied  to  urine  when  it 
is  cloudy. 

NEPHOS,  Nebula. 

NEPHRALGIA,  Dolor  Nephret'icus,  Neu- 
ral'gia  Renum,  (F.)  Ndvralgie  des  Reins,  Dysne- 
phrunervie,  from  vuqqos,  'a  kidney,'  and  afyroj, 
'pain.'     Pain  and  neuralgia  in  the  kidney. 

Nephralgia  Calculosa,  see  Gravel  —  n. 
Rheumatica,  Lumbago. 

NEPHRELMIN'TIC,  Nephrelmin' ticus ,  from 
ri(fQog,  'a  kidney,'  and  'tXfitve,  'a  worm.'  That 
which  is  owing  to  the  presence  of  worms  in  the 
kidney. 

NEPHREMPHRAXTS,  from  v«pQ°$>  'a  kid- 
ney,' and  t/it<p()aoau>, '  I  obstruct.'  A  name  given, 
by  Ploucquet,  to  obstruction  of  the  kidneys. 

NEPHRET'lC  or  NEPHRIT'lC,  NtphrX- 
icus,  from  vMpaog,  'a  kidney.'  That  which  re- 
lates to  the  kidney.  Applied,  especially,  to 
pain,  &c.  seated  in  the  kidney. 

NEPHRET'ICUS  LAPIS,  (F.)  Pierre  ne- 
phrctique,  Jade  nephrite  ou  oriental.  A  green, 
fatty  kind  of  stone, — once  used  as  an  amulet 
against  epilepsy. 

NEPHRET'ICUM  in  Materia  Medica,  means 
a  medicine  employed  for  the  cure  of  diseases  of 
the  kidney. 

NEPHRID'ION,  Pingue'do  rem/lis.  The  fat 
which  surrounds  the  kidneys. — Hippocrates. 

N£PHRlTE,Nephrn\s—n.  Albumineuse, Kid- 
ney, Bright's  disease  of  the. 

NEPHRITIC,  Nephretic. 

NEPHRI'TIS,  Empres'ma  Nephritis,  from 
reipoo;,  '  kidney,'  and  His,  'denoting  inflamma- 
tion.' Renum  inflamma'tio,  Inflammation  of  the 
Kidney,  (F.)  Nephrite, Inflammation  des  Reins, — 
is  characterized  by  acute  pain;  burning  heat, 
and  a  sensation  of  weight  in  the  region  of  one 
or  both  kidneys;  suppression  or  diminution  of 
urine;  fever;  dysuria;  ischuria;  constipation, 
more  or  less  obstinate  ;  retraction  of  the  testicle, 
and  numbness  of  the  thigh  of  the  same  side.  It 
may  be  distinguished  into  simple  and  calculous 
nephritis.  In  the  latter,  the  urine  often  con- 
tains small  particles  of  uric  acid  or  of  urate  of 
ammonia.  The  most  common  causes  of  ne- 
phritis are, — excess  in  irritating  and  alcoholic 
drinks;  abuse  of  diuretics;  blows  or  falls  on 
the  region  of  the  kidneys:  the  presence  of  renal 
calculi,  &c.  It  may  be  distinguished  from  lum- 
bago by  the  pain  which  attends  the  latter  on 
the  slightest  motion,  &c.  It  usually  termi- 
nates by  resolution  in  from  one  week  to  two  or 
three.  It  may,  however,  end  in  suppuration — 
vyonephrite ;  or  may  become  chronic — chrono- 
nephrite  (Piorry.)  In  the  treatment,  anti- 
phlogistics,  as  V.  S.,  baths,  &c,  are  required 
to  the  full  extent;  with  the  use  of  diluents, 
opiates,  &c. 

Nephritis  Albuminensis,  Kidney,  Brigbt's 


disease  of  the — n.Albuminosa,  Kidney,  Brights- 
disease  of  the. 

NEPHRODIUM  FILIX  MAS,  Polypodium 
filix  mas. 

NEPHROGRAPHY,  from  rtyjppc,  'a  kid- 
ney,' and  yqcuft],  'a  description.'  An  anato- 
mical description  of  the  kidney. 

NEPHROH^E'MIA,  from  rupQos,  'kidney,' 
and  'auia,  'blood.'  Hyperemia  or  congestion 
of  the  kidney. 

NEPHROLITHIASIS,  from  ™Vgo$,  «a  kid- 
ney,' aad  XiGog,  'a  stone.'  The  disease  of  cal- 
culus in  the  kidney.  Lith'ia  rendlis,  Lithi'usi; 
nephrit'ica,  L.  rena'lis.     See  Gravel. 

NEPHROLITH'IG,  same  etymon.  Belong- 
ing to  calculi  in  the  kidneys.  This  epithet 
has  been  applied  to  ischuria,  occasioned  by  cal- 
culi formed  in  the  kidneys. 

NEPHROLOGY, Nephrolog"ia,  from  reyoofc 
'kidney,'  and  Xoyog,  'a  treatise.'  A  treatise  on 
the  kidneys.  Dissertation  on  the  kidneys  and 
their  functions. 

NEPHROMETR.E,  Psose. 

NEPHROiN'CUS,  from  rs^os,  'kidney,' 
and  oyy.og,  'a  tumour.'  A  tumefaction  of  the 
kidney. 

NEPHRO-PHLEGMAT'IC,  Nephro-phleg- 
mat'icus,  from  riifoog,  ^kidney,'  and  (pxty^a, 
'phlegm.'  A  name  given,  by  some  authors,  to 
ischuria  produced  by  mucus  contained  in  the 
urine. 

NEPHRO-PLETHOR'IC,  Nephro-plethor'- 
icus,  from  vt<pQo$,  'a  kidney,'  and  jiXrfimqa, 
'plethora.'  Belonging  to  plethora  of  the  kid- 
neys. An  epithet  given  to  ischuria  dependenl 
upon  this  cause. 

J$EPHRO-PY'lC,JYephro-py'icus,f<:omvt(pQog, 
'a  kidney,'  and nvov,1  pus.'  Belonging  to  sup- 
puration of  the  kidney. 

NEPHROS,  Kidney. 

NEPHRO-SPASTIC,  Nepkrospas'ticus,  fioro 
vi<pqo$,'&  kidney,'  and  txnaw,  '  1  draw.'  That 
which  depends  upon  spasm  of  the  kidney.  Aft 
epithet  g-iven  to  a  variety  of  ischuria. 

NEPHRO-THROM'B01D,A(e;>/tro-/Aromiot- 
des,  from  vtiponq,  'a  kidney,'  and  $nou(iot,  'a 
clot.'  That  which  depends  upon  clots  of  blood, 
contained  in  the  kidneys  or  their  ducts.  Aft 
epithet  for  a  species  of  ischuria. 

N E  P  H  R OT' O  M  Y,  Nephro-lithot' amy,  Ne- 
phrotom'ia,  JVephro  litholom'ia,  Seclio  rena'lis, 
£>'.  renis,  from  vupqog,  'a  kidney,'  and  Trptriir, 
'to  cut.'  Dissection  of  the  kidneys.  Also,  am 
operation  proposed  with  the  view  of  extracting 
calculi  formed  in  the  kidney,  by  means  of  an 
incision  into  the  tissue  of  that  organ. 

NEPION,Infans. 

NEPIOTES,  Infancy. 

NEPTA,  Asphalturn. 

NERANTIA,  see  Citrus  aurantium. 

NERF,  Nerve— n.  Circonflexe,  Axillary  nerve 
— n.  Dentaire,  Dental  nerve — n.  Fessier,  Glu- 
teal nerve  —  n.  Glosso-pharyngien,  Pharynsfo- 
glossal  nerve — n.  Gustatif,  see  Lingual  nerve 
— w.  Gusiutif  innomin6tTr\gem\n\ — n.  Guttural, 
Palatine  (middle)  nerve — n.  Gutturo-palatin, 
Palatine  nerve — n.  Honteux,  Pudic  nerve — n. 
Irien,  Ciliary  nerve — n.  fschio-clitorien,  Pudic 
nerve — n.  Ischio-penien,  Pudic  nerve — n.  La- 
bi/rinthiquc,  Auditory  nerve — n.  Mentonnicr, 
Mental  nerve  —  n.  Moteur  oculaire  externe, 
Motor  oculi  externus —  n.  Ocvlo-inusrulaire 
externe,   Motor  oculi   externus — n.  Oculo-mus- 


NERFS  BRONCHIQUES 


511 


NERVES 


culuire  interne,  Patheticus  netvus — n.  Puthd- 
iie/ne,  Patheticus  nervus — n  Peroniere  blanche, 
Popliteal  nerve,  external — n,  Pharyngoglossien, 
Pharyngogiossal  nerve— n.  Premiere  paire  Ira- 
ch6lienne,  Occipital  nerve — n.  VerUbro-di^itul, 
Musculocutaneous  nerve — n.  Pritibio- digital, 
Musculocutaneous  nerve  —  n.  Pritibio  sus- 
plantaire.  Tibial  nerve,  anterior — n.  Radio- 
digital,  Radial  nerve—  n.  Scialique  grand,  Scia- 
tic nerve,  great  —  n.  Scialique  petit,  Sciatic 
nerve,  lesser — n.  Scialique  poplite  extr.rne,  Mus- 
culo-cutaneous nerve — n.  Sous- occipital,  Occi- 
pital nerve — n.  Sous-pubio-femoral,  Obturator 
nerve — n.  Spino- cranio- trapizien,  Spinal  nerve 
— n.  Sus-muxillairc,  Maxillary  superior  nerve — 
n.  Sus-pubie.n,  Supra-pubian  nerve — n.  Tibiale 
brancke,  Popliteal  internal — n.  Tracheal,  Laryn- 
geal inferior  nerve— n.  Trachdlo-dorsal,  Spinal 
nerve — n.  Trijurneau,Tr\gemim — n.  Trois  cordes, 
Trigemini — n.  Tympanique,  Chorda  tympani. 

NERFS  BRONCHIQUES,  Bronchial  nerves 
— n.  Ciliaires,  Ciliary  nerves — ».  Moteurs  ocu- 
luires  communs,  Motores  oculorum — n.  Sacres, 
Sacral  nerves  —  n.  Sous  costales,  Intercostal 
nerves. 

NERIUM,  N.  oleander. 

Ne'rium  Antiijysf.nter'icum.  The  tree 
which  affords  the  Codagapala  Bark,  Cones'si 
coitex,  Cortex  proflu'vii.  Family,  Apocynerp. 
Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria  Monogynia.  (F.)  Codagu- 
pale  and  Cropalc.  The  bark  of  this  Malabar 
tree  is  of  a  black  colour,  externally,  and  is  ge- 
nerally covered  with  a  white  moss  or  scurf.  It 
has  an  austere,  bitter  taste,  and  has  been  re- 
commended as  an  astringent  in  diarrhoea,  dy- 
sentery, &c. 

Ne'rium  Olean'der,  Ne'rium,  Rhododaph'- 
nis,  Rosa'go,  (F.)  Ldurier  rose.  The  leaves  are 
reputed  to  be  narcotic.  The  infusion  is  em- 
ployed internally,  in  herpetic  affections,  and 
the  powder,  incorporated  with  lard,  is  used  in 
the  itch. 

NERONIA'NA  (PHLEBOTOM'IA.)  An 
epithet,  given,  for  some  cause,  to  phlebotomy, 
when  more  than  one  vein  was  opened  on  the 
same  day. 

NERPRUN  PURGATIF,  Rhamnus. 

NERVE,  Nr.rvus,  Neuron,  revtjov,  'a  string,' 
(F.)  Nerf.  This  word  originally  meant  the 
tendons  and  ligaments;  and  hence  the  different 
acceptations  of 'nervous  ;' — a  man  of  nerve — a 
strong,  nervous  man;  and  a  weak,  nervous  wo- 


man. The  nerves  are  cordsof  the  same  substance 
as  that  which  composes  the  encephalon  and  spinal 
marrow.  They  extend  from  one  or  other  of  the 
nervous  centres  to  every  part  of  the  body,  com- 
municating, frequently,  with  each  other;  form- 
ing plexuses,  and,  occasionally,  ganglions;  and 
being,  at  length,  lost  in  the  parenchyma  of  or- 
gans. There  are  42  pairs,  and,  according  to  their 
origin,  they  are  termed  Cranial,  or  Encephalic, 
and  Spinal.  Each  nerve  is  composed  of  seve- 
ral filaments  or  cords  placed  alongside  each 
other,  and  is  surrounded  by  a  Neurilemma, 
(q.  v.)  The  encephalic  nerves,  except  the  5lh 
pair,  have  only  one  root  in  the  brain,  whilst  the 
spinal  arise  from  the  marrow  by  two  roots:  the 
one  from  an  anterior  fasciculus  of  filaments, 
the  other  from  a  posterior,  separated  from  each 
other  by  the  Ligamenlum  denticul alum ;  uniting- 
outside  this  ligament,  and  presenting,  near  the 
intervertebral  foramen,  a  ganglion  formed  only 
by  the  posterior  root.  The  two  roots  make, 
afterwards,  but  one  nerve;  and,  like  the  ence- 
phalic nerves,  proceed  to  their  destination,  sub- 
dividing into  rami  and  ramusculi,  until  they 
are  finally  lost  in  the  texture  of  the  organs. 
The  trunks  first  formed  are  commonly  round, 
and  proceed  alone,  or  accompany  the  great  ves- 
sels, being  placed  in  the  cellular  spaces  which 
separate  the  organs, and  are  thus  protected  from 
injury.  Their  manner  of  termination  we  are 
not  acquainted  with;  whether  the  nervous 
pulp,  for  instance,  be  distributed  or  lost  in  a 
membrane, — as  seems  to  be  the  case  with  the 
nerves  of  sight,  hearing,  and  smell, — or  form 
papillse.  Certain  it  is,  that  there  is  considera- 
ble difference  in  the  organs,  as  respects  the 
quantity  of  nerves  that  terminate  in  them;  and 
the  particular  arrangement  of  the  nervous  ex- 
tremities. Some  organs  have  numerous  nerves; 
others  seem  to  have  none:  a  circumstance 
which  influences  considerably  the  sensibility 
of  parts. 

The  Encephalic  Nerves  arise  from  the  ence- 
phalon, or  are  inserted  into  it;  (according  as 
we  consider  the  brain  the  origin  or  termination 
of  the  nerves;)  and  make  their  exit  by  fora- 
mina at  the  base  of  the  skull.  They  are  12  in 
number.  The  spinal  nerves  are  30  in  number, 
8  cervical,  12  dorsal,  5  lumbar,  and  5  or  (J  sacral: 
the  four  inferior  cervical  being  much  larger 
than  the  superior,  because  they  furnish  the 
nerves  of  the  upper  extremities. 


SYNOPTICAL  TABLE  OF  THE  NERVES. 


1.   Cranial  or  Encephalic  Nerves. 


1.  Olfactory. 

(1st  Pair.) 

2.  Optic. 
(•2d  Pair.) 


3.  Motores  Oculorum. 
(3d  Pair  ) 


4.  Pathelici 

(lili  Pair.) 


5.  Par  Trigemiman. 
(oili  Pair.) 


Divided  into  internal, external 

and  middle  branches,  which 
are  distributed  on  the  Schnei- 
derian  membrane. 

Terminates  in  the  retina. 

'  Superior  Branch.  To  the  rectus 
superior  oculi  andlevatoi  pal- 
pebral superioris. 
Inferior  Branch.  To  the  rectus 
intcrnus,  rectus  inferior  and 
lesser  oblique  muscles;  a  fila- 

|      meat  which  goes  to  the  oph- 

(     thalmic  ganglion. 

i  To  the  greater  oblique  muscle 

'     of  the  eye. 

[  Ophthalmic  Branch.  Divided  into 
I  three  branches.  1.  The  lack- 
[  rymal  bruvch.to  the  lachrymal 
I  gland  and  upper  eyelid.  2 
[     Frortal  branch,   to   the   fore 


Tar  T'iircminum. 
(5th  Pair.) 


head  and  upper  eyi  lid.  3.  JVa- 
snl  branch,  to  the  eyelids,  na- 
sal fossae,  and  nose. 

Superior  Maxillary  Branch.  1. 
The  orbitar  brarch,  to  the  or- 
bit. '-'.  The  posterior  and  sv- 
ptrior  denial,  to  the  last  three 
molar  teeth  and  gums.  '.{.  The 
anterior  dental,  to  the  incisor, 
canine,  and  two  lesser  nio- 
lares.  4.  Iufra-orbitar,  to  the 
upper  lip,  cheek,  and  nose. 

Inferior  Maxillary  Brunch.  1. 
Temporal  profound  branches. 
to  the  temporal  muscle.  2 
Mnsseterine  bunch,  to  tin- 
masseter  muscle.  3.  Buccal,] 
to  the  inner  surface  of  the 
cle  ek.  4.  Pterygoid,  to  the 
internal  pterygoid  muscle.  6. 
/  inmial,  to  the  mucous  mem-' 


NERVES 


512 


NERVES 


i5.  Par  Trigcminum. 
(5lh  Pair.) 

G.  Jlbduccnles. 

(oihPair.) 


'.  Facial. 

Por:io  dura  of  the 
7th  pair.) 


8.  Auditory. 

(Portio  mollis  of  the 

7th  Pair  ) 
:9.  Glossopharyngeal. 
(Portion  of  the  ifth  pr.) 
»10.   Par  Vagum. 

(8th  Pair.) 


1.  Cranial  or  Encephalic  jStrves. 
brane  of  the  tongue,  (i.  In- 
ferior denial,  to  the  tcelli  of 
the  lower  jaw,  and  to  the 
lower  lip.  1.  Auricular  branch 
to  the  pavilion  of  the  ear  and 
forehead. 


>To  the  rectus  externus  oculi. 

f  1.  At  its  exit  from  the  ci  aninm, 
the  posterior  auricular,  stylo- 

I  hyoid,  and  infra- mastoid,  to 
the  pavilion  of  the  ear,  the 
mastoid  process,  the  digas- 
tricus,  and  the  muscles  at- 
tached to  tlie  styloid  process. 
2.  Near  the  parotid  gland,  the 

|  temporal,  malar, buccal,  supra- 
marillary,  and  infra-mo  lit 
lary  to  the  whole  superficies 

^     of  the  face. 

^To  the  vesiibule,  semi-circular 
f     canals,  and  cochlea. 

(  To  the  base  of  the  tongue  and 
)      pharynx. 

I)  1.  /JV  THE  JVECK,-apharyn- 
(     geal  branch  to  the  pharynx; 


10.  Par  Vagum. 
(8th  Pair.) 


11.  Spinal  or  Accessory 
o/Willis. 


12.  Hypoglossal. 
(9in  Pair.) 


f     superior  laryngeal  branch  to 
the  larynx,  and  to  some  inns 
I     clesof  tlie  inferior  hyoid  re- 
gion.     Cardiac   branches    to 
|      the  cardiac  plexus. 
|  2.  IK  THE  CHEST,-the  infe- 
[      ?ior  laryngeal  branch  to  the 
J      larynx:  pulmonary  branches, 
j      which    form    the    plexus    of 
the  same   name:   mso/ihagcal 
J      branches  to  the  {Esophagus. 

3.  IK  THE  ABDOMEK,—gas 

j      trie  bianches  to  the  parietes 

of    Ihe    stomach;    filaments 

|      which  go  to  tlie  neighbouring 

^     plexuses. 

f  At  its  exit  from  tlie  cranium— 
the  accessory  of  the.  pneumo- 
J  gastric  nerve  anastomosing 
j  with  this  nerve.  In  the  neck 
j  — filaments  to  the  trapezius 
[     muscles. 

(  Cernicalfsdescendensjolhemns- 
|  cles  of  the  inferior  hyoid  re- 
■{  gion,  and  to  the  cervical 
nerves.  Filaments  to  the  rnqs- 
(_     cles  of  the  tongue. 


1.  Cervical  Nerves 


II.  Spinal  or  Vertebral  Nerves. 


1st  Cervical  Pair. 


Cervical  Plexus. 


Anterior  Branch.  Anastomo- 
sing par  arcade  with  the  se- 
cond pair. 
!  Anterior  Branch.  A  branch 
anastomosing  with  the  first 
pair:  a  branch  which  goes  to 
the  cervical  plexus. 
3d   and    4th.    Cervical  (  Anterior   Brunch.     Concurring 

Pairs.  (      in  the  cervical  plexus. 

The  Posterior  Branch  ofthese  four  pairs  ramifies  on  the 
occiput  and  muscles  of  the  superficial  and  deep-seated 
cervico-occipital  regions. 

(■Descending  Branches.—].  In- 
ternal descending,  anastomo- 
sing with  a  branch  of  the  hy- 
poglossus.    2.  Phrenic  branch, 

to  the  diaphragm.    3.  Ectcr 
mil    descending  branches,  di- 
viding into  supra-clavicular, 
supra-acromial.  infra-cl  i  vicu 
lar,  and  cervi.  ales  profundi, 
to  the   muscles  and  integu- 
ments of  the  upper  part  of 
the  chest  and  shoulder,  to  the 
tr  pczius,    levator    scapula*, 
rhomboideus,  &c. 
Ascending  Branches. — 1. Mas- 
toid, to  the  posterior  and  late- 
ral part  of  the  head,  and  the 
inner  surface  of  the  pavilion 
of  the  ear.    2.  Auricular,  to 
the  parotid  gland  and  pavi. 
lion  of  the  ear. 
Superficial    Cirvicil    Branches. 
(2.)  To  the   platysma  myoi- 
des,  diga  tricus,  the  integu- 
t     mints  of  the  neck,  &c. 
(Anterior   Branches.     Assisting 
in  the  formation   of  the  bra- 
I      chial  plexus. 

{  Posteiior    Branches.      To    the 
I      muscles  and  integuments  of 
the  posterior  part  of  the  neck 
I     and  upper  part  of  the  back. 
[1.    Thoracic    Branches,   (2.)    to 
the  anterior  and  lateral  parts 
]      of  the  chest.    2.  Supra-scapu- 
|      laiy  branch  to  i lie  muscles  of 
the  posterior  scapular  region 
|      3.    Infra-scapwlury    branches 
I     (3.)  to  the  subscapulars,  teres 
)      major,  teres  minor,  and  latis- 
j      simus  dorsi     4.  The  brachial 
,      interna    cutaneous,  to  the  in- 
teguments of  the  palmar  and 
dorsal  surfaces  of  tlie  forearm 
near  the  ulnar  margin   5.  The 
|      brachial     external    lutaneous, 
principally  to  the  integuments 
of  the  palmar  and  dorsal  sur- 


5th,  Cith,  and  7th  Cer- 
vical Pairs. 


Brachial  Plexus. 


Brachial  Plexus. 


1st  Dorsal  Pair. 

2d &.3d Dorsal  Pairs 


\th,  5th.  Cth,  and  7tft  j 
Dorsal  Pairs.  | 


L 


I 


faces  of  the  forearm,  near  the 

radial  margin.  0.  The  me  liar 

nerve,  to  the  forearm,  hand, 

and  palmar  surface  of  all  the 

fingers.     7.  The  cubital  nerve, 

to  the  last  two  fingers.  8.  The 

j     radial,  to  the  first  three.    9. 

j      The     azillaiy,     around     the 

I      shoulder-joint,    and    to    the 

(     neighbouring  muscles. 

2.  Dorsal  Nerves,  (Nervi  dorsales.) 

(  Anterior  Branch.    To  the  bra 
(      chial  plexus. 
^Anterior  Branches.    An   inter- 
l     costal  and  brachial  branch. 
(Anterior     Branches.       Inlrnal 
I      branches,  to  the  intercostals 
triangularis  sterni,  pcctoralis 
major,  and  to  the  skin.    Ex- 
ternal branches  to  the  integu 
ments  of  the  chest,  the  obli- 
qu us  externus  abdominis,  and 
the  skin  of  the  abdomen. 
(Anterior     Branches.       Internal 
branches,  to  the  transversalis, 
I      obliquus  internus,  arul  rectus 
J      muscles,  and  to  the  skin  of 
*,      the  abdomen.    External  bran- 
ches, to  the  integuments  of 
I     the  chest,  and  to  the  muscles 
(.     and  skin  of  the  abdomen. 
(  Anterior  Branch.    To  the   first 
)      lumbar  nerve,  and  to  ihemus 
)     cles  and  skin  of  the  abdomen 
'      as  far  as  the  iliir  crest. 
The  Posterior  Branches  of  the  dorsal  nerves  are  distri 
bated  to  the  muscles  and  integuments  of  the  back  and 
loins. 

3.  Lvmbar  Nerves. 
\st,   2d,   3d,    and    4th  (  Anterior  Branches.    Concurring 

Lumbar  Pairs.  (      to  form  the  lumbar  plexus 

.       „   .  (  Anterior    Branch.      Aiding    in 

Mil  fair.  j     forming  the  sciatic  plexus 

The  Posterior  Branches  of  the  lumbar  nerves  are  distri- 
buted to  the  loins,  sacrum,  and  nates. 

( 1.  Musculocutaneous  Branches, 
I  to  the  numb  r  of  three.  One 
I      superior,  to  the  muscles  of  the 

I  abdomen,  to  the  fold  of  the 
groin,  and  the  scrotum 
middle,  to  the  integuments 
and  muscles  of  the  abdomen 
and  an  iferior,  to  the  skin 
of  the  thinh  2.  A  genito- 
crural  branch  to  the  integu 
ments  of  the  scrotum,  the 
groin,  and  the"thigh.  :i.  The 
c-ural  nerve,  to  the  integu-] 
merits  and  ninths  of  the 
thigh,  skin   of  the    lei    and 


fith,  9th,  10th,  and  11th 
Dorsal  Pairs. 


12th  Dorsal  Pair. 


Lumbar  Plexus. 


< 


{ 


NERVES 


513 


NERVES 


Lumbar  Plezus. 


II.  Spinal  or  Vertebral  Nerves. — Conti 

foot.  4.  TUe  nbturatoi  nerve, 
to  the  muscles  at  the  inner 
part  of  the  thigh.  5.  The 
lumbosacral,  to  the  sciatic 
plexus.  It  cives  off  the  glu- 
teal nerve  to  the  glutsei  mus- 
cles. 


nued. 


Sacral  Nerves. 


Ut,  2<Z,   3d,   and  4th 
Sacral  Pairs. 

olh  and  tith  Pairs. 


They  form 
the    sciatic 


interior  Branches 
by   their    union 
plexus. 
Anterior  Branches.  To  the  pans 
in  the  vicinity  of  the  coccyx. 
The  Posterior  branches  ramify  on  the  muscles  and  in- 
teguments of  the  nates. 

Hemorrhoidal  mrves,  to  the 

Sciatic  Plexus.  •{      rectum.      2.     Vesical,   to   the 

bladder.     3.    Uterin.r  and  va-\ 


r 


Sciatic  Plexus. 


gwal,  to  the  vagina  and  lite- 
ms. 4.  Inferior  gluteal,  to  the 
gluteal  muscles,  periiiERum, 
and  integuments  of  the  poste- 
rior part  of  the  thigh.  5.  Pu- 
dic,  to  the  perinmum,  penis, 
or  vulva,  b.  Sciatic,  divided 
into  the  external  popliteal, 
which  ramifies  on  tie  integu- 
ments and  mu'fcles  of  *.he  ex- 
ternal side  of  the  leg,  on  the 
dorsum  of  the  font,  and  the 
dorsal  surface  of  the  toes; 
and  into  the  internal  popliteal, 
distributed  on  the  dorsal  sur- 
face of  the  two  last  toes,  to 
the  muscles  of  the  foot,  and 
on  the  plantar  surlace  of  ail 
the  toes. 


Classifications  of  the  nerves  have  been  re- 
commended according1  to  their  uses,  in  prefe- 
rence to  the  ordinary  anatomical  arrangement. 
It  has  been  remarked,  that  the  encephalic 
nerves  have  but  one  root;  while  the  spinal  have 
two.  Now,  experiments  and  pathological  facts 
have  proved,  that  the  anterior  fasciculus  of  the 
marrow  and  the  anterior  roots  of  the  spinal 
nerves  are  inservient  to  volition  or  voluntary 
motion:  and  that  the  posterior  fasciculus  and 
roots  are  destined  for  sensibility.  Hence  the 
spinal  nerves,  which  have  two  roots,  must  be 
the  conductors  both  of  motion  and  feeling; 
whilst  the  encephalic,  which,  with  the  excep- 
tion of  the  fifth  pair,  have  but  one,  can  possess 
but  one  of  these  properties: — they  must  be 
either  sensitive  or  motive,  according  as  they 
arise  from  the  posterior  or  anterior  fasciculus  of 
the  medulla:  and.  consequently,  three  classes 
of  nerves  may  be  distinguished. 

f  Arising,  by  a  single  root,  from 
,    „      .  .  j       the  posterior  fasciculus  of 

I- Sensitive -j      the  £,edulla  oblongata  or 

(^      spinal  marrow. 

C  Arising,  by  a  single  root,  from 

2.  Motive <       the   anterior   fasciculus    of 

{      the  same  parts. 

f  Which   have   two  roots:  one 

3.  Sensitive  and)      from  the  anterior,  and  one 
Motive |       from  the  posterior  fascicu- 

L  lus. 
According  to  Sir  Charles  Bell,  the  medulla 
oblongata  is  composed  of  three  fasciculi  on 
each  side;  an  anterior,  middle,  and  posterior. 
Now,  whilst  the  anterior  and  posterior  fasciculi 
produce  the  nerves  of  motion  and  sensation  re- 
spectively; the  middle,  according  to  Sir  Charles, 
gives  rise  to  a  third  set  of  nerves — the  respira- 
tory.    To  this  order  belong: — 

1.  The  accessory  nerve  of  Willis,  or  superior 

respiratory. 

2.  The  par  vagum. 

3.  The  glossopharyngeal. 


4.  The  facial,  or  respiratory  of  the  face. 

5.  The  phrenic. 

(J.  A  nerve  which  has  the  same  origin  as  the 
phrenic; — the  external respiratoiy. 

When  a  horse  has  been  hard  ridden,  every 
one  of  these  nerves  is  in  action. 

Sir  C.  Bell,  again,  has  reduced  the  system  of 
nerves  to  two  great  classes.  1.  Those' that  are 
regular,  primitive,  symmetrical,  and  common 
to  all  animals,  from  the  worm  toman;  which 
have  double  roots,  and  preside  over  sensibility 
and  motion:  and,  2.  The  irregular  or  super- 
added, which  are  added  to  the  piecedino-,  in 
proportion  as  the  organization  of  animals  offers 
new  or  more  complicated  organs.  To  the  first 
class  belong  all  the  spinal  nerves  and  one  en- 
cephalic—the 5th  pair;— to  the  second,  the  rest 
of  the  nervous  system. 

Lepelletier  thinks  we  are  justified  in  dividing 
the  nerves  into  five  classes;— the  first  corn-' 
prising  the  nerves  of  special  sensibility— the 
olfactory,  optic,  lingual  branch  of  the  fifth  pair, 
and  the  auditory; — the  second,  the  nerves  of 
general  sensibility,  the  fifth  pair;  and  the  spinal 
nerves,  through  their  posterior  root;—  the  third 
comprising  the  voluntary  motors,  the  spinal 
nerves,  by  their  anterior  roots,  the  motores  ocu- 
lorum,  or  common  oculo-muscular,  the  external 

oculo-muscular,    and    the    hypo-glossal  : the 

fourth,  instinctive  motors,  involuntary,  respira- 
tory nerves  of  Sir  Charles  Bell,  the  pathetic, 
facial,  glosso-pharyngeal,  pneumogastric,  and 
spinal  accessory;  and  the  fifth,  nerves  of  vital 
association  and  nutrition — the  filaments  and 
plexuses  of  the  ganglionic  system. 

Dr.  Fletcher  adopts  a  different  arrangement. 
He  divides  them  into  ganglionic  and  cerebro- 
spinal; the  latter  being  subdivided  into  the  re- 
spiratory, motiferous,  sensiferous,  and  regular: 
the  last  including  those  which  communicate 
both  the  faculty  of  sensibility  and  the  stimulus 
of  volition.  His  arrangement  is  contained  in 
the  following  table. 


NERVES 


ill 


NERVOUS  ATTACK 


Ganglionic. 

Cerebrospinal. 

Those  immediately  connected 

Respiratory. 

Motiftrous.              Sentiferous. 

Rrgulur. 

respectively  with 

The  Ophthalmic, 

The  Pathetic, 

The  Motor  oculi      The  Olfactory. 

The  Suboccipital. 

The  Cavernous, 

The  Facial, 

A  part  of  thelower|The  Opiic. 

The   seven    Cervi- 

The Otic, 

The      Glosso-pha- 

maxillary  branch  The      Ophthalmic 

cal. 

The  Spheno-palatine, 

ryngeal, 

of  the  Trigemi- 

b anch      of     the 

The  twelve  Dorsal 

The  Sub-maxillary, 

The    1'neumo  gas- 

nus, 

Trigeminus. 

The  five  Lumbar. 

The  three  Cervical, 

tric, 

The  Abductor. 

The  upper  Maxil- 

The five  Sacral. 

The  Cardiac, 

The  Accessory, 

The  Hypo-glossal. 

lary    branch     of 

The  twelve  Dorsal, 

The    Phrenic,   and 

the  Trigeminus. 

The  Cceliae. 

The  external 

A  part  of  ilic  lower 

The  five  Lumbar, 

Re>piratoiy. 

Maxillary  branch 

The  five  Sacral,  and 

of  the  Trigeminus. 

The  Coccygeal  Ganglions. 

The  Auditory. 

Dr.  Marshall  Hall  has  proposed  another  di- 
vision of  the  nervous  system,  which  is  calcu 
lated  to  explain  many  of  the  anomalous  circum- 
stances we  so  frequently  witness.  He  proposes 
to  divide  all  the  nerves  into,  1.  The  cerebral  or 
the  sentient  and  voluntary.  2.  The  true  spinal 
or  excito-motory.  3.  The  ganglionic  or  the 
nutrient  and  secretory.  If  the  sentient  and 
voluntary  functions  be  destroyed  by  a  blow 
upon  the  head,  the  sphincter  muscles  will  still 
contract  when  irritated,  because  the  irritation 
is  conveyed  to  the  spine,  and  the  reflex  action 
takes  place  to  the  muscle  so  as  to  throw  it  into 
contraction.  But  if  the  spinal  marrow  be  now 
destroyed,  the  sphincters  remain  entirely  mo- 
tionless, because  the  centre  of  the  system  is 
destroyed.  Dr.  Hall  thinks,  that  a  peculiar  set 
of  nerves  constitutes,  with  the  true  spinal  mar- 
row as  their  axis,  the  second  subdivision  of  the 
nervous  system;  and  as  those  of  the  first  subdi- 
vision are  distinguished  into  sentient  and  volun- 
tary, these  may  be  distinguished  into  the  excitor 
and  motor y.  The  first,  or  the  excitor  nerves, 
pursue  their  course  principally  from  internal 
surfaces, characterized  by  peculiar  excitabiiities, 
to  the  true  medulla  oblongata  and  medulla  spi- 
nalis, the  second,  or  the  motor  nerves,  pursue  a 
reflex  course  from  the  medulla  to  the  muscles, 
having-  peculiar  actions,  concerned  principally 
in  ingestion  and  egestion.  The  motions  con- 
nected with  the  first  or  cerebral  subdivision  are 
sometimes,  indeed  frequently,  spontaneous,- 
those  connected  with  the  true  spinal  are,  he  be- 
lieves, always  excited.  Dr.  Hall  thinks,  too,  that 
there  is  good  reason  for  viewing  the  fifth,  and 
posterior  spinal  nerves  as  constituting  an  exter- 
nal ganglionic  system,  for  the  nutrition  of  the 
external  orrrans;  and  he  proposes  to  divide  the 
gang/ionic  subdivision  of  the  nervous  system, 
into  1.  The  internal  ganglionic,  which  includes 
that  usually  denominated  the  sympathetic,  and 
probably  filaments  of  the  pneumogastric;  and  2. 
The  external  ganglionic,  embracing  the  fifth 
and  posterior  spinal  nerves.  To  the  cerebral 
system  he  assigns  all  diseases  of  sensation,  per- 
ception, judgment,  and  volition — therefore  all 
painful,  mental,  and  comatose,  and  some  pa- 
ralytic, diseases.  To  the  true  spinal  or  excito- 
motory  system,  belong  all  spasmodic  and  cer- 
tain paralytic  diseases.  He  properly  adds,  that 
these  two  parts  of  the  nervous  system  influence 
each  other  both  in  health  and  disease,  as  they 
both  influence  the  ganglionic  system. 

The  main  views  of  Dr.  Hall  on  the  excito- 
motory  function  have  been  generally  embraced. 

The1  nerves  are  covered  and  united  to  the 
neighbouiing  parts  by  an  abundant  layer  of 


fatty  cellular  texture,  which  sends,  inwards, 
prolongations  that  separate  the  nervous  cords 
and  filaments  from  each  other.  The  arterial 
trunks,  which  furnish  them,  transmit  branches 
into  their  interior.  The  veins  follow  the  same 
course  as  the  arteries.  Absorbents  are  not 
easily  traced  even  on  the  greatest  trunks. 

Nerve,  Accessouv,  of  Willis,  Spinal  nerve 
— n.  Articular,  Axillary  nerve — n.  Buccinator, 
Buccal  nerve — n.  Cubito- digital,  Cubital  nerve 
— n.  Femoro-popliteal,  lesser,  Sciatic  nerve, 
lesser — n.  Gluteal,  of  the  Sacral  plexus,  Sciatic 
nerve,  lesser — n.  Gustatory,  Hypoglossal  nerve 

—  n.  of  Jacobson,  see  Petrosal  ganglion — n. 
Lateral  nasal,  Spheno-palatine  nerve — n.  Lin- 
gual, Hypoglossal  nerve  —  n.  Naso-ocularis, 
Nasal  nerve — n.  Naso-palpebral,  Nasal  nerve — 
n.  Orbito-frontal,  Ophthalmic  nerve — n. Ocular, 
Optic  nerve — n.  of  Organic  life,  Trisplanchnic 
nerve — n.  Palpebro-frontal,  Frontal  nerve — n. 
Popliteal  internal,  Tibial  nerve,  posterior— n. 
Power.  Nervous  power — n.  Respiratory,  of  the 
face,  Facial  nerve — n.  Respiratory,  superior, 
Spinal  nerve  —  n.  Scapulo-humeral,  Axillary 
nerve — u.  Spiral,  Radial  nerve — n.  Spiral  mus- 
cular. Radia!  nerve — n.  Sub-occipital,  Occipital 
nerve — n.  Superficial  temporal,  Auricular  nerve 
— n. Sympathetic, Trisplanchnic  nerve — n. Tem- 
poral cutaneous,  Auricular  nerve — n.  Ulnar, 
Cubital  nerve — n.  Vidian,  Pterygoid  nerve — n. 
Zygomato-auricular,  Auricular  nerve. 

NERVES,  COSTAL,  Intercostal  nerves— n. 
Dorsal,  Intercostal  nerves — n.  Eighth  pair  of, 
Pneumo-gastric — n.  Encephalic,  first  pair,  Ol- 
factory nerves — n.  Encephalic,  eleventh  pair, 
Spinal  nerves— n.  Ethmoidal,  Olfactory  nerves 

—  n.  Fifth  pair,  Trigemini — n.  Fourth  pair  of, 
Patheticus  nervus — n.  Infra-orbitar,  Sub-orbi- 
tar  nerves — n.  Ninth  pair  of,  Hypoglossal  nerve 

—  n.  Oculo-muscular,  common,  Molores  ocu- 
lorum — n.  Phrenic,  Diaphragmatic  nerves — n. 
Recurrent,  Laryngeal  inferior  nerves — n.  Sixth 
pair  of,  Motor  oculi  externus — n.  Spinal,  Verte- 
bral nerves — n.  Third  pair  of,  Motores  oculo- 
rum. 

NERVI  ANONYMI,  Innominati  nervi— n. 
Divisi,  Trigemini— n.  Gustatorii,  Trigemini— 
n.  Odoratorii,  Olfactory  nerves — n.  Reversivi, 
Laryngeal  inferior  nerves. 

NERVINE,  Nervi'nus,  Neurot'ic,  Js'euritie, 
Antineurotic,  Anlineuropatlt'ic.  A  medicine 
considered  proper  for  relieving  debility  of  the 
nervous  system. 

NERVOUS,  JYervo'sus,  Keuro'des,  Ncr'veus. 
Relating  or  belonging  to  the  nerves.  Strong. 
Also,  weak,  irritable. 

Nervous  Attack,  (F.)  Attaque  des  nerfs,  is 


NERVOUS  DIATHESIS 


515 


NEURALGIA  ILIO-SCROTAL 


an  affection  accompanied  with  spasm,  pain  and 
different  nervous  symptoms,  to  which  initable 
individuals  are  liable. 

Nervous  Diathesis  is  termed  Ataxia  spi- 
rituum,  Anomullia  nervorum,  Status  nervo'sus, 
S.  erethit'icus,  Diath'esis  nervo'sa,  Cunstilu'tio 
nervo'sa. 

Nervous  Diseases,  Morbi  nervo'si,  (F.)  Ma- 
ladies nerveuses.  Affections  seated  in  the  ner- 
vous system. 

Neuvous  Fluid,  Nervous  principle,  Flu'idum 
ner'veum,  Liq'uidum  nrrveum,  Succus  nerveus, 
Spir'itus  vita'lis.  The  fluid  which  is  supposed 
to  circulate  through  the  nerves,  and  which  has 
been  regarded  as  the  agent  of  sensation  and 
motion.  Of  this  fluid  we  know  nothing,  except 
that  it  resembles,  in  many  respects,  the  electric 
or  galvanic.  It  was  formerly  called  Animal 
spirits,  Spir'itus  anima'lts,  (F.)  Esprils  ani- 
raaux. 

Nervous  Pain,  Neuralgia. 

Nervous  Power, Nerve  jiowcr,  Neurodynd  mia, 
Neurod  ynam'ics.  The  power  of  the  nerves  as 
exhibited  in  the  lining  organism. 

Nervous  Principle,  N.  fluid. 

Nervous  System.  The  nerves  of  the  human 
body  considered  collectivel v. 

Nervous  System  of  the  Automatic  Func- 
tions, Trisplanchic  nerve — n.  System,  organic, 
see  Trisplanchic  nerve — n.  Systemof  the  senses, 
Medulla  oblongata — n.  System  of  voluntary 
motion,  &c,  Medulla  spinalis. 

NERVUS,  Nerve,  Penis— n.  Ambulatorius, 
Pneumogastric  nerve — n.  Anonymus,  Trige- 
mini— n.  Communicans  faciei,  Facial  nerve — 
n.  Innominatus,  Trigemini — n.  Latus,  Achiliis 
tendo — n.  Lingualis  lateralis,  Pharyngo-glossal 
nerve — n.  Lingualis  medius,  Hypoglossal  nerve 
— n.  Musculi  pterygoidei,  Pterygoid  nerve — n. 
Mixtus,  Trigemini — n.  Opticus,  Optic  nerve — 
n.  Quintus,  Trigemini — n.  Sympatheticus  me- 
dius, Trigemini — n.  Sympathicus  medius,  Tri- 
gemini— n.  Timidus,  Motor  oculi  externus — n. 
Tremellus,  Trigemini — n.  Trochlears,  Patheti- 
cus  nervus. 

NESTITHERAPEIA,  Limotherapeia. 

NESTOTHERAPEIA,  Limotherapeia. 

NESTROOT,  Monotropa  uniflora. 

NETLEAF,  Goodyera  pubescens. 

NETTLE,  ARCHANGEL,  WHITE,  La- 
mium  album — n.  Dead,  Lamium  album — n. 
Dwarf,  Urtica  urens — n.  Hedge,  Galeopsis — n. 
Pill-bearing,  Urtica  pilulifera — n.  Rash,  Urti- 
caria— n.  Stino-inor,  common,  Urtica. 

NETWORT,  Goodyera  pubescens. 

NEURAL'GIA,  from  vsvqov,  'a  nerve,'  and 
aP.yo?,  'pain.'  Rheumatis'mus  spu'rius  nervo'- 
sus, Neurodynia,  (F.)  Ncvralgie,  Nivrodtjnie, 
Nervous  pain.  A  generic  name  for  a  certain 
number  of  diseases,  the  chief  symptom  of  which 
is  a  very  acute  pain,  exacerbating  or  intermit- 
ting, which  follows  the  course  of  a  nervous 
branch;  extends  to  its  ramifications, and  seems, 
therefore,  to  be  seated  in  the  nerve.  The  prin- 
cipal neuralgia  have  been  distinguished  by  the 
names  facial  (of  which  the  infra-orbitar,  maxil- 
lary and  frontal  are  but  divisions) — the  ilio- 
scrotal,  femora  popliteal,  femoro-prclibial,  plan- 
tar,  and  citbito- digital.  A  division  of  anomalous 
neuralsjiffi  has  likewise  been  admitted. 

Anom'ai.ous  Neural'gi«.  Under  this  name 
Chaussier  has  included  different  neuroses,  some 
of  which  are  characterized  by  acute  pains  cir- 


cumscribed within  a  short  compass,  or  extend* 
ing  by  irradiations,  but  not  having  their  seat  in 
the  course  of  a  nerve;  and  others  which  art- 
occasioned  by  tumours  in  the  couise  of  a  nervp, 
or  which  succeed  contusions  or  incomplete  di- 
visions of  nerves. 

Neuralgia  Brachio-Thoracica,  Angina 
pectoris. 

Neuralgia  Cu'bito-digita'lis,  Is'chias  ner- 
vo'sa digitu'lis.  In  this  variety  the  pain  ex- 
tends from  the  part  where  the  nerve  passes 
under  the  inner  condyle  to  the  back  of  the 
hand  and  to  its  cubital  edge. 

Neuralgia  Dentalis,  Odontalgia  nervosa. 

Neuralgia,  Facial,  Neuralgia  faciei,  Tris- 
mus maxilla' ris,  T.  Do/orif'icus,  Opsia/gia,  Dolor 
cru' clans  faciei,  Hemicra'nia  idiopathica,  Autnl'- 
gia  doloro'sa,  Tic  douloureux.  Dolor  faciei,  Dolor 
faciei  typ'ico  charade! re,  D.  F.  Fot/tergilli,  Tris- 
mus clon'icus,  Rheumatis'mus  cancro'sus,  Rheu- 
matis'mus larvu'tus,  Prosopalgia,  Dolor  faciei 
period'icus,  Febris  top'ica,  Ophtha/modyn'ia 
period'ica,  is  characterized  by  acute  lancinating 
pains,  returning  at  intervals;  and  by  twinjren 
in  certain  parts  of  the  face,  producing  convul- 
sive twitches  in  the  corresponding  muscles.  It 
may  be  seated  in  the  frontal  nerve,  infra-orbitar, 
or  in  the  maxillary  branch  of  the  5th  pair. 

Meiopodyn'ia,  Brow-ague,  Neural' gi a  fronta  Us, 
Ophthalmodynia,  Tic  douloureux,  Dolor  period' - 
icus,&LC,  commences  at  the  superciliary  foramen 
and  extends  along  the  ramifications  of  the  fron- 
tal nerve  that  are  distributed  on  the  forehead, 
upper  eyelid,  caruncula  lacrymalis,  and  nasa! 
angle  of  the  eyelids.  Sometimes  it  is  felt  par- 
ticularly in  the  orbit. 

Neuralgia  infra-orbita'ria,  Dolor  faciei  atrux, 
Rheumatis'mus  cancro'sus,  Trismus  clon'icus, 
Prosopalgia,  Febris  top'ica,  Odontal'gia  remit' - 
tens  et  intermit' tens,  Hemicra'nia,  scerta,  Infra- 
or'bitar  neuralgia,  Tic  douloureux,  is  chiefly  felt 
in  the  infra-orbitar  foramen,  whence  it  passes  to 
the  cheek,  upper  lip,.ala  nasi,  lower  eyelid,  &c. 

In  Neuralgia  maxilla' ris,  Tic  douloureux,  Tris- 
mus catairha'lis  maxi  liar  is,  the  pain  usually  sets 
out  from  the  mental  foramen  and  passes  to  the 
chin,  lips,  temple,  teeth  and  tongue. 

Neuralgia,  False.  A  lerrn  assigned  to  pains 
along  a  nerve,  or  its  ramifications,  produced  by 
some  body  compressing  it, — those  pains  termi- 
nating with  the  removal  of  the  compressing 
cause. 

Neuralgia  Feiu'oro-poplit/e'a,  Sciat'ica, 
Schias,  Malum  ischiod'icum,  Morbus  isc/iiad'icus, 
Passio  ischiad/ica,  Ischiagra,  Ischial 'gia,  Ischio'- 
sis,  Coxal'gia,  Neural' gia.  Ischiadica,  Dolor  Ischi- 
adicus  nervo'sus,  Is'chias  nervo'sa  Cotugnii.  vel 
Cotunnii,  Neurisch'ius,  Ischias  nervo'sa  posti'ca, 
Ischias,  Cox'agra,  Ischias  rheumat'icum,  Jschiut'- 
ica,  Goutte  sciatique.  This  is  characterized  by 
pain  following  the  great  sciatic  nerve  from  the 
ischiatic  notch  to  the  ham,  and  along  the  pero- 
neal surface  of  the  leg  to  the  sole  of  the  foot. 

Neuralgia  Fem'oro-pretibia'lis,  Ischias 
nervo'sa  anti'ca.  In  this,  the  pain,  setting  out 
from  the  groin,  spreads  along  the  fore  part  of 
the  thigh,  and  passes  down,  chiefly,  on  the 
inner  side  of  the  leg,  to  the  inner  ankle  and 
back  of  the  foot. 

Neuralgia  of  the  Heart,  Angina  pectoris. 

Neuralgia  Ilio-Scuotal  has  been  rarely  ob- 
served. It  is  characterized  by  a  very  acute 
pain  in  the  course  of  the  branches  of  the  first 


NEURALGIA  PLANTARIS 


51G     N.JERSEY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF 


Sumbar  pair;  tiiia  pain  follows  the  crista  ilii  and 
accompanies  the  spermatic  vessels  to  the  testi- 
cle, which  is  often  painfully  retracted. 

Neuralgia  Planta'ris.  This  is  rare;  and  the 
pain  is  confined  to  the  course  of  the  plantar  nerves. 

All  varieties  of  neuralgia  are  obstinate,  and 
the  greatest  diversity  of  means  has  been  made 
use  of: — bleeding,  general  and  local, — emetics, 
purgatives,  rubefacients,  vesicants,  actual  cau- 
tery, narcotics,  mercurial  frictions;  electricity; 
destruction  of  a  portion  of  the  nerve,  &c.  The 
most  successful  remedy,  perhaps,  is  the  Carbo- 
nate of  iron,  giv en  in  doses  of  some  magnitude; 
as  for  instance,  £ss  or  Qij,  twice  or  thrice  a  day 
in  molasses.  This  plan  of  treatment,  continued 
for  a  month  or  two,  will  generally  relieve  and 
ultimately  remove  this  much  dreaded  affection. 
The  mode  in  which  it  acts  is  by  no  means  clear; 
but  it  is  almost  as  certain  as  anv  other  remedy 
used  in  disease  in  producing  its  salutary  effects. 
The  bowels  must  be  kept  free;  and  all  inflam- 
matory symptoms  removed  during  its  adminis- 
tration. 

Neuralgia  Renum,  Nephralgia— n.  Spinalis, 
Spinal  irritation. 

NEU  RASTH  ENI'A,  Debil'itas  nervo'sa.  De- 
bility or  impaired  activity  of  the  nerves;  from 
vev^ov,  'a  nerve,'  and  ardtvei*.,  'debility.' — See 
Irritable. 

NEURILEMM'A,    Neurikm'a,    Neurilyma, 
JYeu'rymen,  Perineu'rion,  Fis'tula  seu    Tu'tiulus 
sea  Cap'sula  seu  Involu'crum  nervo'rum,  Mem- 
bra'na  seu  Membran'uta  seu   Tu'nica  seu  ladu- 
men'lum   nervo'rum,    Vagi'na   nervo'rum,-    (F.) 
JVevrilcmmc ,-  from  vtvgov,  "a  nerve,'  and  Zsp/xcc, 
'a  coat.'     The  fine  transparent,  and  apparently 
fibrous  membrane  that,  surrounds  the  nerves — 
to  every  filamentof  which  it  forms  a  true  canal. 
NEURILEMMATl'TIS,  Neurilemmas. 
NEURILEMMI'TIS,  Neurilemmati'tis,  Neuro- 
Jemmati'tis,  (F.)  JVevrilemmite.     Same  etymon. 
Inflammntion  of  the  neurilemma. 
NEU  RILYMA,  Neurilemma. 
NEU  R1N  E,  (F.)  NcvTine.     The  substance  of 
which   the  nervous   system  is   composed.      It 
consists  chiefly  of  albumen  and  a  peculiar  fatty 
matter. 

NEURISCH1  AS,  Neuralgia femoro-poplitaea. 
NEURLTIC,  Nervine. 

NEURI'TIS,  lnflamma'lio  nervo'rum,  (F.) 
Inflammation  des  jXerfs,  Keviite,  from  rtuoov,  'a 
nerve,'  and  ills,  a  suffix  denoting  inflammation. 
Inflammation  of  a  nerve. 

NEUROBLACI'A,  from  nu^ov,  'a  nerve,' and 
pXaxtia,  'stupor.'     Insensibility  of  the  nerves. 

NEUROCHONDRO'DES,  from  w?!r,  'a 
sinew,'  xavSgog,  'a  cartilage,' and  nSog,  'resem- 
blance.' A  hard  substance  between  a  sinew 
and  a  cartilao-e. 

NEURODES,  Nervous. 
NEURODYNAMIA,  Nervous  power. 
NEURODYNAMIS,  Nervous  power. 
NEURODYNIA,  Neuralgia. 
NEUROGAMIA,  Magnetism,  animal. 
NEUROGRAPHY,  Neurogruph'ia;  from 
rtugor,    'a   nerve,'  and  ygatp*;,  'a   description.' 
The  part  of  anatomy  which  describes  the  nerves. 
NEUROLEMMATITIS,  Neurilemmas. 
N EUROL'OGY,  J\'eurulog"iu,  (F.)  Nevrologie, 
from  rcugsv,  '  a  nerve,'  and  Xoyog,  'a  discourse.' 
That  part  of  anatomy  which  treats  of  the  nerves. 
NEURO'MA,  (F.)  JYcvrorne,  from  rtvqov,  'a 


nerve.'  A  morbid  enlargement  of  a  nerve.  Ap- 
plied to  subcutaneous,  circumscribed  and  high- 
ly painful  tumours  formed  on  the  tissue  of  the 
nerves;  and  likewise  to  small  hard,  grayish 
tumours  of  the  size  of  a  pea,  which  are  observed 
in  the  course  of  nerves,  and  appear  to  be  formed 
from  the  neurilemma. 
NEUROMETRES,  Psoa:. 
NEURON,  Nerve. 

NEURON'OSOS,  Neuronu'sos,  from  vtvQov, 
'a  nerve,'  and  voaog,  'a  disease.'  A  disease  of 
the  nerves. 

NEUROPATH'IC,  Neuropath' icus,  from 
vsvqov,  'a  nerve,'  and  na&o?,  '  a  disease.'  Be- 
longing to  disease  of  the  nerves,  to  Neuropathi'a 
or  Neuron'osos. 

NEUROPYRA,  Typhus  mitior. 
NEURO'SES,  (JT.)  Mvroses,  from  rtuoov,  'a 
nerve.'  A  generic  name  for  diseases  supposed 
to  have  their  seat  in  the  nervous  system,  and 
which  are  indicated  by  disordered  sensation, 
volition,  or  mental  manifestation;  without  any 
evident  lesion  in  the  structure  of  the  parts,  and 
without  any  material  agent  producing  them. 
Such  is  the  usual  definition.  Broussais  attri- 
butes them  to  a  state  of  irritation  of  the  brain 
and  spinal  marrow. 

NEUROSTHENI'A,  (F.)  Nevrosthenic,  from 
rtvqov,  'a  nerve,'  and  aSsvua,  'strength.'     Ex- 
cess of  nervous  irritation.     Nervous  irritation. 
NEUROTHEL1C    APPARATUS,   Corpus 
papillare. 
NEUROTIC,  Nervine. 
NEUROTICA.     Diseases  of  the   nervous 
function.     The  4th  class  of  Good's  Nosology. 

NEUROTOME.  Neurot'omos;  from  nvaov, 
'a  nerve,'  and  Tfuito,  '  I  cut,'  'I  dissect.'  An 
instrument  used,  by  anatomists,  to  dissect  the 
nerves.  It  is  a  long  and  very  narrow  scalpel, 
having  two  edges. 

NEUROTOMY,  Neurolum'ia,  (F.) Ncvrotomie. 
Same  etymon.    Dissection  of  the  nerves.    Also, 
an  incised  wound  of  a  nerve. 
NEURYMEN,  Neurilemma. 
NEUTRAL,  from  neuter,  'neither.'     Be- 
longing  to  neither  in  particular. 

Neutral  Salts,  Sec'ondary  salts,  (F.)  Sets 
neutres.  A  salt,  composed  of  two  primitive  sa- 
line substances,  combined  together,  and  not 
possessing  the  characters  of  acid  or  of  base. 

NEVIS,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Ther- 
mal springs  in  the  department  of  Allier,  France. 
Temperature,  1H6°  to  14d°  Fahrenheit. 

jYliVRALGlE,  Neuralgia— n.  du  Foie,  Hepa- 
talgia — n.  des  lieins,  Nephralgia— n.  de  I' Uterus, 
Hyslerulgia. 

Ni  VR ILEMME,  Ne  u  ri  le  m  ma. 
MVRILEMMITE,  Neurilemmas. 
NEVRINE,  Neurine. 
NEVRITE,  Neuritis. 
NEVRODY.WIE.  Neuralgia. 
NEVROLOGIE,  Neurology. 
NE'VROME,  Neuroma. 
NEVROSE  DU  CCEUR,  Angina  pectoris. 
NtiVROSES,  Neuroses. 
N£VR0STH£JVIE,  Neurasthenia. 
N£  VROTOME,  Neurotome. 
NEVROTOMIE,  Neurotomy. 
NEVUS.  Nevus. 

NEW  JERSEY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
In  the  upper  part  of  Morris  county  and  in  the 
county  of  Hunterdon,  near  the  top  of  Mus- 
conelcong    mountain,    there    are    chalybeate 


NEW  YORK,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF     517 


NITRIC  ACID 


springs,  which  are  resorted  to.  See  Sehooley's 
Mountain. 

NEW  YORK,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
The  chief  waters  are  those  of  Ballston  and  Sa- 
ratoga, (q.  v.) 

A£Z,  Nasus. 

NICARAGUA  WOOD,  see  Ciesalpinia. 

N  ICE,  CLIMATE  OF.  The  climate  of 
Nice  possesses  some  advantages  over  that  of  the 
neighbouring  countries  of  Provence  and  Italy, 
being  free  from  the  sirocco  of  the  latter,  and  pro- 
tected from  the  mistral  of  the  former.  Spring  is 
the  most  unfavourable  season.  The  climate  is 
very  dry.  It  has  beet)  a  great  winter  retreat  for 
the  consumptive;  but  does  not  deserve  the  en- 
comiums that  have  been  passed  upon  it. 

NICKAR  TREE,  Gymnocladus  Canadensis. 

NTCODE'MI  O'LEUM,  Oil  of  Nicodemus. 
An  oil  made  by  digesting,  for  some  time, — in  a 
mixture  of  white  wine  and  olive  oil, — old  tur- 
pentine, litharge,  aloes,  saffron,  oxyd  of  zinc, 
&c. 

N1COTIANA,  N.  tabacum— n.  Minor,  N.  rus- 
tica. 

Nicotia'na  Rus'tica,  called  after  Nicot,  who 
carried  it  to  Europe;  N.  minor,  Priapei'a,  Hy- 
osci/amus  lu'teus,  English  tobacco.  The  leaves 
possess  the  properties  of  tobacco,  but  are  milder. 

Nicotiana  Tab'acuiw,  Nicotiana,  Herba  ta- 
bad,  Tabacum,  Petum,  Petun,  Hyoscijamns  Pc- 
ruviafnus,  Tobacco,  Virgin' ia  tobacco,  (F.)  Tabac, 
Nicotiane.  Tobacco  is  a  violent  acro-narcotic; 
its  properties  seeming  to  depend  upon  a  pecu- 
liar principle,  Nicolin  or  Nicolianin.  It  is  nar- 
cotic, sedative,  diuretic,  emetic,  cathartic,  and 
errhine.  In  incarcerated  hernia,  it  is  injected, 
in  the  form  of  smoke  or  infusion,  but  requires 
great  caution.  It  is  extensively  and  habitually 
used  as  an  errhine  and  sialogogue.  The  infu- 
sion is  used  to  kill  vermin,  and  in  some  cutane- 
ous eruptions. 

NICOTIANE,  Nicotiana  tabacum. 

NICOTIANIN,  see  Nicotiana  tabacum. 

NICOTIN,  see  Nicotiana  tabacum. 

NICTA'TION,  Nicta'tio,  Nictita'tio,  from  nic- 
lare,  '  to  wink.'  Nystag'mus,  Clonus  niclita'tio, 
Twinkling  of  the  eye,  (F.)  Clignotem.ent,  Cligne- 
rnent,  Cillement,  Souris.  A  rapid  and  repeated 
movement  of  the  eyelids,  which  open  and  shut 
alternately.  As  occasionally  performed,  it  is 
physiological ;  if  repeatedly,  a  disease.  It  seems 
to  be  executed  chiefly  by  the  7th  pair  of  nerves; 
but  it  is  necessary  that  the  5th  pair  should  like- 
wise be  in  a  state  of  integrity. 

NIDAMENTUM,  Decidua. 

NIDOREUX,  Nidorous. 

NI'DOROUS,  Nidoro'sus,  (F.)  Nidoreux,  from 
JYidor,  Cnissa,  'the  smell  of  any  thing  burnt,' 
&c.  Having  the  smell  of  burnt  or  corrupt  ani- 
mal matter. 

NIEDERBRONN,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  Saline  waters  in  the  department  of  Bas- 
Rhin,  France,  which  contain  chloride  of  so- 
dium, sulphate  of  magnesia  and  carbonic  acid. 

NIELLE,  Nigella. 

NIGELLA,  Coptis. 

Nigel'la,  JV.  Suti'ra,  Melon' thium,  Fennel 
flower,  Cumi'num  Nigrum,  Nutmeg  flower,  Devil 
in  a  bush,  (F.)  Nigclle,  Nielle.  This  small  south- 
ern European  and  Syrian  plant  was  formerly 
vised  medicinally  as  an  expectorant  and  deob- 
Btruent,  errhine,  sialogogue,  Ac. 

N1GELLE,  Nigella. 


NIGHT-BLINDNESS,  Hemeralopia. 
NIGHT    EYES,   Crusta    genu   equinee— n. 
Marc,  Incubus. 

NIGHTSHADE,  AMERICAN,  Phytolacca 
decandra — n.  Bittersweet,  Solanum  dulcamara 
n.  Common,  Solatium — n.  Deadly,  Atropa  bel- 
ladonna— n.  Enchanter's,  Circeea  Luteliana — 
n.  Garden,  Solanum — n.  Palestine,  Solanum 
sanctum — n.  Stinking,  Hyoscyamus  niger — n. 
Vine,  Solanum  dulcamara — n.  Woody,  Solanurn 
dulcamara. 

NIGREDO  A  SOLE,  Ephelides. 

NIGRITA,  Negro. 

NIGRITIES  OSSIUM,  Caries. 

NIGRITUDO,  Melanosis—  n.  Pulmonum,  Me- 
lanosis pulmonum. 

NIGROMAJNTIA,  Necromancy. 

NIGROR.  Melasma. 

NIGRUM  OCULI,  Pupil. 

NIHIL  ALBUM,  Zinci  oxydum— n.  Grise- 
um,  Zinci  oxydum. 

NILIACUM.  Mel. 

JNINDSIN,  Sium  ninsi. 

NINSI.  Sium  ninsi. 

NINSING,  Panax  quinquefolium. 

NINZIN,  Sium  ninsi. 

NIPPLE,  Sax.  nypele.  The  Teat.  The  dug. 
Mammilla,  Mammel'/a,  Pnpil'la,  The.'S,  TitlhS, 
Titthos,  Tttthion,  Titth'is,  (F.)  Mamelon.  The 
conical  tubercle,  situate  at  the  centre  of  the 
breast.  Towards  the  central  part  of  each  breast 
the  skin  changes  colour,  and  assumes  a  rosy 
tint  in  young  females,  or  a  reddish  brown  in 
those  who  have  suckled  several  children.  This 
circle  is  called  the  Areola  or  Jhireola  (q.  v.)  of 
the  nipple.  The  nipple  is  capable  of  erection  on 
being  excited. 

NIPPLEWORT,  Lapsana. 

N1RLES,  Herpes  exedens. 

N1SUS,  Nixus,  Peira,  Straining,  from  Lat. 
nitor,  'to  endeavour.'  A  voluntary  retention 
of  the  breath;  so  as  to  force  down  the  dia- 
phragm; the  abdominal  muscles  being  at  the 
same  time  contracted  forcibly.  In  this  manner 
the  contents  of  the  abdomen  are  compressed; 
and  the  evacuation  of  the  faeces,  urine,  &c.  is 
effected. 

Nisus,  Effort— ti.  Formativus,  Plastic  force. 

N1TEDULA,  Cicindela. 

NITON,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  These 
springs  in  the  Isle  of  Wight  contain  iron,  and 
sulphate  of  alumina  and  potassa. 

N1TRAS  KALICUM,  Polasss  nitras-rt. 
Lixivias,  Potassa?  nitras— n.  Natricus,  Soda, 
nitrate  of— n.  Potassa?  cum  sulphure  fusus,  Po- 
tassae  nitras  fusus  sulphalis  paucillo  mixtus — n. 
Sub-bismuthicum,  Bismuth,  sub-nitrate  of. 

NITRATE,  Nitras.  A  salt,  formed  of  a  base 
and  nitric  acid.  Several  nitrates  are  employed 
in  medicine. 

NITRATE  D'JlMMONUQVE,  Ammonia; 
nitras — u.  U  Argent,  Argenli  nitras. 

NITRE,  Potassa?  nitras. 

NITRIC  ACID,  Acidum  ni'tricum,  A.  azo'li- 
cum,  A.  sep'ficum,  A.  nitri,  Aqua  fortis,  Nitrous 
acid,  Spir'ittis  nitri  duphx,  Sp.  nitri fumans,  Sp. 
nitri  Glaubdri,  .Izot'ic  acid,  Dephlugis'licatrd ni- 
trous acid,  Oxysepton'ic  acid,  Spir'ttus  nitri  aci- 
dus.  Nitric  acid  is  obtained  from  nitre — the 
Nitrate  of  potass.  Its  odour  is  suffocating;  taste 
very  acid  and  caustic.  It  is  corrosive,  liquid, 
colourless,  and  transparent.     S.  g.  1.500. 


NITROGEN 


518 


NOMENCLATURE 


Strong  nitric  acid  is  rarely  used  except  as  an 
Application  to  foul,  indolent  ulcers,  or  to  warts. 
When  given  internally,  it  is  in  the  form  of  the 
Acidum  Nitricum  Dilu'tum,  Spir'itus  nitri  sim- 
plex, Sp.  niiri  vidga'ris — the  Diluted  nitric  acid, 
which,  in  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United 
States,  consists  of  nitric  acid,  ^j,  toater,  £ix,  by 
measure.  Diluted  largely  with  water,  it  is 
used,  as  a  drink,  in  fevers  of  the  typhoid  kind; 
in  chronic  affections  of  the  liver,  syphilis,  &c. ; 
but,  in  the  latter  affections,  it  is  not  to  be  de- 
pended upon. 

NITROGEN,  Azote. 

Ni'trogen,  Gazeous  Oxide  of,  Nitrous  ox- 
ide, Protox'idc  of  azote,  Paradise  gas,  Intoxi- 
rating  gas,  Laughing  gas,  Dephlogis'ticatcd  ni- 
trous gas,  Gas  azol'icum  oxygcnu'lum.  This 
gas,  when  respired,  produces  singular  effects; 
great  mental  and  corporeal  excitement;  and, 
generally,  so  much  exhilaration  as  to  render 
the  appellation,  "laughing  gas"  by  no  means 
inappropriate.  It  has  not  been  much  used  in 
medicine,  although  recommended  in  paralysis. 
Its  effects  are  too  violent  and  too  transient  to 
render  it  a  valuable  remedial  agent;  and,  in  the 
delicate,  it  has  been  productive  of  unpleasant 
effects,  inducing  palpitation,  fainting,  and  con- 
vulsions. 

Nl'TROGENIZED,  A'zoted,Jfzolized.  Con- 
taining nitrogen*  or  azote: — as  a  nitrogeniztd, 
azoltd,  or  azotieed  principle  or  tissue. 

N  IT  RQ- MURIATIC  ACID,  Jic"idum  nitro- 
tnuriut'icum,  Ndro-liydrochlor'ic  acid,  Hydro- 
ehloro  nitric  acid,  Aqua  regia,  Aqua  stygia. 
Chrysulca,  Aqua  regis,  Acidum  muriaiicum  ni- 
tro'so-oxygena' turn,  Ment/truum  auri,  (F.)  Eau 
re" aula.  A  mixture  of  the  nitric  and  muriatic 
acids  has  been  used  in  diseases  of  the  liver,  in 
the  form  of  a  bath  for  the  feet  and  legs  made 
sharplyacidulous.  It  has,  also,  been  employed, 
and  with  more  uniform  results,  in  cutaneous 
affections.  Whatever  advantage  it  may  pos- 
sess in  i«ternal  diseases— and  these  advantages 
are  doubtful — they  are  probably  dependent 
upon  the  chlorine  formed  by  the  mixture,  or 
upon  the  properties  possessed  by  the  mineral 
acids  in  general      See  Chlorine. 

The  Acidum  nilro-muriaticvm  of  the  Pharma- 
copoeia of  the  United  States,  is  formed  by  mix- 
ina  four  fluidounces  of  nitric  acid  with  eight 
ol  muriatic  acid. 

NITROUS  OXIDE,  Nitrogen,  gaseous  oxide 
of. 

NTT  RUM,  Natron,  Potass®  nitras — n.  Anti- 
quorum,  Soda — n.  Cubicum,  Soda,  nitrate  of — n. 
Factitium,  Borax — n.  Flammans,  Ammonia;  ni- 
tras— n.  Lunare,  Argenti  nitras — n.  Rhomboi- 
dale,  Soda,  nitrate  of — n.  Vitriolatum  Schroe- 
deri,  Potass®  sulphas — n.  Tabulatum,  Potassoe 
nitras  fusus  sulphatis  paucillo  mixtus — n.  Vi- 
triolatum, Potassa;  sulphas. 

NIX,  Snow — n.  Fumans,  Calx  viva. 

NIXUS,  Nisus. 

NOAH  S  ARK,  Cypripedium  lutenm. 

NOBLE,  Nub'ilis,  Prin'cipal,  Essential. 

Nobi.e  Parts,  Partes  cssentin'les: — Some  ana- 
tomists have  given  this  name  to  parts,  without 
which  life  cannot  exist;  such  as  the  heart,  liver, 
iunsrs,  brain,  &c.  The  organs  of  generation 
have,  likewise,  been  so  called. 

NOCTAMBULATIO,  Somnambulism. 

NOCTAMBULUS,  Somnambulist. 


NOCTILUCA.Cincindela. 

NOCTISURGIUM,  Somnambulism. 

NOCTUIN1  OCULI.  Gray  or  blue  eyea.— 
Caste  Hi. 

NODDING,  Annuitio. 

NODE,  Nodus,  Emphi/ma  exosto'sis  perios- 
tea^,- (F.)  Nodosite,  Nceud;  from  Hebr.  -)J,  'a 
heap.'  A  hard  concretion  or  incrustation, 
which  forms  around  joints  attacked  with  rheu- 
matism or  gout.  Some  include,  under  this 
name,  exostoses,  articular  calculi,  ganglions, 
and  even  the  chronic  swellings  of  the  joints, 
known  under  the  name  of  white  swellings. 

NODI  D1GITORUM  MANUS,  Phalanges 
of  the  fingers — n.  Nervorum,  Ganglions,  ner- 
vous. 

NODOL  Nefrendes. 

NODOSlA,see  Nefrendes, 

NODOSITE,  Node. 

NOD'ULI  ARANT1I,  Moduli  Morgagnii, 
Cor'pora  Aran'lii.  The  small  sesamoid  bodies, 
situate  on  the  periphery  of  tlie  semilunar  valves 
of  the  aorta  and  pulmonary  artery,  for  the  bet- 
ter occlusion  of  the  artery. 

Noduli  Mokgagnii,  Noduli  Arantii— n.  Ner- 
vorum, Ganglions,  nervous. 

NODUS,  Articulation,  Hamma — n.  Cerebri, 
Pons  Varolii  —  n.  Encephali,  Pons  Varolii— n. 
Hystericus,  Globus  hystericus. 

jNOESIS,  Intellect. 

NCEUD,  Node — n.  du  Cliirurgien,  Knot,  sur- 
geon's— n.  Emballeur,  Knot,  picker's. 

NCEUDS,  Calculi,  arthritic. 

NOISETIER,  Corylus  avelhna. 

NOISETTE,  Corylus  avellana  (nut  ) 

NOIX,  Juglans  regia  (nux) — n.  Amtricaint, 
Jatropha  cuicas — n.  des  Barbades,  Jatropha 
curcas — n.  Calkarlique,  Jatropha  curcas— n. 
rf' Eau,  Trapa  natans — n.  dc  Galle  see  Quercus 
infectoria — ».  dc  Serpent,  see  Thevetia  Ahouai 
— n.  Vomique,  see  Strychnos  nux  vomica. 

NOLA  CULINARIA,  Anemone  pulsatilla. 

NOLI  ME  TANGERE,  Lupus,  see  Chan- 
crevx  ( Boulon.) 

NOMA,  Cancer  aquaticus. 

NOM'ADE,  Nomas,  from  vouij,  'pasturage.' 
An  epithet  given  to  people  who  have  no  fixed 
habitation,  and  who  travel  with  their  flocks, 
from  country  to  country,  for  pasturage.  Such 
are  the  Tartars.  By  analogy,  the  word  Nomad'- 
ic  has  been  applied  to  spreading  ulcers. 

NOMBRIL,  Umbilicus. 

NOME,  Phagedenic  ulcers. 

NOMENCLATURE,  Nomencla'tio,  Nomen- 
clatu'ra,  Onomutolog"ia,  Onomatocldsis,  Ter- 
minology, Orismol'ogy,  from  oruua,  '  name,' 
and  xahiw,  'I  call.'  A  collection  of  terms  or 
words  peculiar  to  a  science  or  art.  In  all 
sciences,  nomenclature  is  an  object  of  impor- 
tance; and  each  term  should  convey  to  the  stu- 
dent a  definite  meaning.  The  Lavoisierian 
nomenclature  was  a  valuable  gift  to  chvmistry; 
and  anatomy  has  derived  advantages  iron)  the 
labours  of  Barclay,  Dumas,  and  Chaussier,  who 
have  given  names  to  parts  indicative  of  their 
situation.  See  Muscle.  The  nomenclature  of 
pathology  has  required  the  greatest  attention ; 
and  although  repeated  attempts  have  been  made 
to  improve  it,  the  barbarous  terms  that  disgrace 
it  are  still  most  frequently  adopted.  It  consists 
of  Hebrew  and  Arabic  terms;  Greek  and  Latin, 


NON-NATURALS 


519 


JfOVl 


French, Italian,  Spanish,  German,  English,  and 
even  Indian,  African,  and  Mexican;  often  bar- 
barously and  illegitimately  compounded.  A 
want  of  principle  in  founding  the  technical 
1erms  of  medicine  is  every  where  observable. 
They  have  been  formed: — 1.  From  colour;  as 
Mekena,  Mtlas,  Atrabilis,  Leuce,  Alphas,  Chlo- 
rosis, Rubeola,  Scarlatina,  Purpura,  &c.  2. 
From  duration,  as  ephemeral,  quotidian,  tertian, 
and  quartan,  continued,  and  intermittent,  &c. 
3.  From  Birds,  Beasts,  Fishes,  Insects,  and 
Plants,  as  Rabies  canina,  Cynanche,  Boulimia, 
Pica,  Hippopyon,  Elephantiasis,  Urticaria,  Li- 
chen, Ichthyosis,  Sec.  4.  From  Persons  or  Places, 
as  Morbus  Herculeus,  Fades  Hippocratica,  Lepra 
Arabum,  Plica  Polunica,  Sudor  Anglicus,  Morbus 
Gallicus,  &.C.,  and  Ignus  Sancti  Antonii.  Chorea 
Sancti  Viti,  &c 

NON-NAT'URALS,  JWm  natura'lia.  Under 
this  term  the  ancient  physicians  comprehended 
air,  meat  and  drink,  sleep  and  watching,  motion 
and  rest,  the  retentions  and  excretions,  and  the 
affections  of  the  mind. 

NONUS  HUMERI  PLACENT1NI,  Teres 
minor — n.  Lingua?  musculus,  Genio-glossus — n. 
Vesalii,  Peronaaus  tertius. 

NOSE,  Nasus — n.  Runnino-  at  the,  Coryza. 

NOSEMA,  Disease. 

NOSEROS,  Insalubrious,  S.ck. 

NOSOCOMIUM,  Hospital. 

NOSOCOMUS,  Infirmier. 

NOSODES.  Insalubrious,  Sick. 

NOSODOCHIUM.  Hospital. 

NOSOG'ENY,  Nosogen'ia,  from  vca-oc,  'a 
disease,'  and  ytro?,  'origin.'  The  department 
of  medicine  which  regards  the  formation  of 
diseases. 

NOSOG'RAPHY,  Nosogrn'phia,  from  roaoc, 
'a  disease,'  and  yqaQw,  'I  describe.'  A  descrip- 
tion of  diseases. 

NOSOL'OGY,  Nosohg"ia,  from  rxro?,  'a 
disease,'  and  Xoyog,  'a  discourse.'  A  name  given 
to  that  part  of  medicine  whose  object  is  the 
classification  of  diseases.  The  most  celebrated 
nosological  systems  have  been  those  of  Sau- 
vages,  (1763,)  Lin  nasus,  (1 70:5,)  Vogel,  (1764.) 
Sagar,  (1776,)  Macbride,  (1772,)  Cullen,  (1772.) 
Darwin,  (17(J6,)  Selle,  Crichton,  (1804,)  Parr, 
(1809,)  Swediaur,  (1812,)  Pinel,  (1»13,)  Youno-, 
(1813.)  Good,  (1817.)  Hosack,  (1818,)  &c. 
Besides  these  general  nosographies,  others  have 
been  published  on  Surgery  exclusively,  none 
of  which  are  particularly  worthy  of  enumera- 
tion amongst  nosological  systems.  Nosological 
arrangements  have,  also,  been  formed  of  single 
families  or  groups  of  diseases.  Plenck,  of  Ba- 
den, is  the  author  of  two  different  treatises  of 
this  kind:  the  one,  a  methodical  arrangement 
of  the  diseases  of  the  eyes,  and  the  other,  of 
cutaneous  diseases.  Dr.  Willan  published  an 
arrangement  of  cutaneous  diseases,  which,  was 
completed  by  Dr.  Bateman,  and  adopted  into 
the  Nosology  of  Dr.  Hosack.  Mr.  Abernethy, 
also,  published  a  methodical  classification  of 
tumours,  and  many  other  partial  nosological 
classifications  might  be  enumerated. 

NOSON'OMY,  Nosonom'i'i  ,■  from  rortog,  'a 
disease,'  and  ovs^u,  'name.'  The  nomenclature 
of  diseases. 

NOSOPH'YTA;  from  nvog,  'disease,'  and 
<jvTov,  'a  plant.'  A  disease  supposed  to  be  pro- 
duced by,  or  to  consist  in  the  development  of 


parasitic  plants — as  porrigo,  mentagra,  &c— 
Gruby. 

NOSOS,  Disease. 

NOSOTAX'Y,  Nosolax'ia,-  from  jos-o?,  'a  dis- 
ease,' and  ia^i?,  'anangement.'  The  distribu- 
tion and  classification  of  diseases. 

NOSTAL'GIA,  from  vo<rrc?,  'return,'  'a 
journey  home,'  and  a-Xyzg,  'pain.'  JYostoma'nia, 
Pathopatridal gia,  Philopnlridal'gia ,  Philopati  i- 
doma'nia,  (F.)  Kostulgie,  Maladie  dupays.  An 
affection  produced  by  the  desire  of  returning 
to  one's  country.  It  is  commonly  attended  by 
slow  wasting,  and  sometimes  by  hectic,  which 
may  speedily  induce  death.  M.  Pinel  properly 
regards  it  as  a  varietv  of  melancholy. 

NOSTOMANIA,  Nostalgia. 

NOSTRILS,  Nares. 

NOTAL'GIA,  Noliul'gia,  (JYoslal'gia,  impro- 
perly, of  Kochlin  and  others,)  from  kotos,  'the 
back,'  and  xXyog,  'pain.'  Pain  in  the  back. 
Spinal  irritation. 

NOTANENCEPHALIA,  see  Notanencepha- 

1  IIS. 

NOTCH,  Teut  N  oc  k  e,  Ital.  Kocchia,  Emar- 
gbtu'tio,  Emarginatu'ra,  (F.)  Krhancrvre.  A  de- 
pression or  indentation  of  different  shape  and 
size,  observed  on  the  circumference  or  edges 
of  certain  bones. 

Notch.  Ethmoii/al,  (F.)  Echancrure  ethmo'i- 
dale,  is  situate  on  the  frontal  bone,  and  joins 
the  ethmoid. 

Notches,  Ischiat'ic,  (F.)  Echancrures  Ischi- 
atiques,  are  two  in  number; — the  greater  and 
the  less.  The  former  is  large,  situate  at  the  in- 
ferior part  of  the  pelvis,  and  formed  by  the  sa- 
crum and  ilium.  It  gives  passage  to  the  sciatic 
nerve,  pyramidalis  muscle,  and  to  the  superior 
gluteal  vessels  and  nerves.  The  latter  is  much 
smaller  than  the  other,  from  which  it  is  sepa- 
rated by  the  sciatic  spine.  It  gives  passage  to 
the  tendon  of  the  obturator  inteinus,  and  to  the 
internal  pudic  vessels  and  nerves. 

Notch.  Parot'id,  (F.)  Echancrure  parotidi- 
enne,  is  the  triangular  space  comprised  be- 
tween the  parotid  edge  of  the  inferior  maxillary 
bone  and  the  mastoid  process;  so  called,  be- 
cause it  lodges  the  parotid  gland.  The  notches 
in  soft  parts  are  o-enerally  called  Fissures,  (q.  v.) 

NOTENCEPHALIA,  see  Notencephalus. 

NOTENCEPH'ALUS,  from  vutoc,  'the  back,' 
and  iyxi<paXov,  'the  head.'  A  monster  whose 
head,  with  the  brain,  is  on  the  back.  The  con- 
dition is  termed  Notencepha 'lia  and  Notanen- 
cepha'lia. — G.  St.  Hilaire. 

NOTHEUSIS,  Degeneration. 

NOTHIA,  Degeneration. 

NOTHUS,  False. 

NOTI^US,  Dorsal,  Medulla  spinalis. 

NOTIALGIA,  Notalffia. 

NOTOMYELITIS,  Myelitis. 

NOTO.N,  Dorsum. 

NOTOS,  Dorsum,  Vertebral  column. 

NOV AGE  DE  L.1  CORNKE,  Cal^o. 

JVOUE,  (Bandage)  (F.);  'knotted,'  from  nodus, 
'a  knot.'  A  bandage  which  has  a  considerable 
number  of  knots  placed  above  each  other.  It 
is  made  with  a  roller,  6  or  7  ells  long,  rolled 
into  two  balls,  and  is  used  to  compress  the  pa- 
rotid region,  after  the  extirpation  of  the  parotid 
gland. 

Also,  an  epithet  applied  to  children  in  whom 
the  disease  of  rickets  has  swollen  the  articu- 
lations. 


KOVET 


520 


NYCTALOPIA 


It  is,  likewise,  applied  to  the  gout,  when  it 
iias  caused  nodes  on  the  joints. 

JXOUET  (F.),  JVod'utus.  A  bag  filled  with 
medicinal  substances,  and  infused  in  a  liquid 
to  communicate  their  properties  to  it. 

NOUFFERS,  MADAME,  REMEDY,  Poly- 
podium  filix  mas. 

JYOURR1CE,  Nurse. 

JVOURRICIER,  Nutritious. 

NOURRITURE,  Aliment. 

NOUS,  Intellect. 

NOUURE,  Rachitis. 

NOUVEAU-NE.  {¥.),  Keona'tus,  Nuperriml 
natus.  That  which  has  been  just  born.  Anew- 
born  infant. 

JNOVAOULA,  Razor. 

NOYAU  CENTRAL  DES  PEDONCULES 
DU  CERVELET,  Corpus  dentatum. 

NOYER,  Juglans  regia — n.  de  Ceylon,  Ad- 
hatoda. 

NTJA GE,  Nebula. 

JNUBECULA.  Enseorema,  Nebula. 

NUBES,  Eneeorema,  Nebula. 

NU'BILE,  JS'u'bilis,  <  marriageable,'  '  fit  to 
marry.'  Generally  the  period  of  puberty  is 
considered  to  be  the  age  at  which  both  sexes 
are  nubile.  They  are  truly  nubile,  however, 
only  when  they  are  fitted  to  procreate  healthy 
and  vigorous  children,  and  are  competent  to 
discharge  their  duties  as  parents. 

NUBILOSUS,  Nepheloid. 

NUCES  AQUATICS,  see  Trapa  nalans— 
n.  QuercOs,  see  Quercus  alba. 

NUCHA,  (F.)  Nuque.  The  nuke,  hinder 
part,  or  nape  of  the  neck.  The  part  where  the 
spinal  marrow  begins. 

Ligamen'tum  Kuchse.  A  strong  ligament 
from  the  neck,  proceeding  from  one  spinous 
process  to  another,  and  inserted  into  the  occi- 
pital bone.     It  is  very  strong  in  quadrupeds. 

NUCISTA,  see  Mvristica  moschata. 

NUCK,  CANAL  OF.  A  small  prolongation 
of  the  peritoneum  often  sent  into  the  inguinal 
canal  of  the  female  fcetus.  So  called  fromNuck, 
who  first  described  it. 

NUCLEATED  CELL,  see  Cvtoblast. 

NUCLEOLUS,  see  Cytoblast. 

NUCLEUS,  see  Cytoblast-n.  Centralis, 
Corpus  dentatum — n.  Dentatus,  Corpus  denta- 
tum— n.  Encased,  Cytoblast— n.  Fimbriatus, 
Corpus  dentatum — n.  Germinal,  see  Molecule 
—  a.  Germinativus,  see  Molecule — n.  Rhom- 
boidalis,  Fee  Corpus  dentatum. 

NUCULA  TERRESTR1S,  Bunium  bulbo- 
castanutn. 

NUKE,  Nucha. 

NUMMULAR,  Nummularis.  Relating  to 
money',  from  nummus,  '  money.'  An  epithet 
applied  to  the  sputa  in  phthisis,  when  they  flat- 
ten at  the  bottom  of  the  vessel,  like  a  piece  of 
money. 

NUMMULARIA,  Lysimachia  nummularia. 

JYUQUE,  Nucha. 

NURSE,  Sax.  notice,  A'utrix,  (from  nourish, 
itself  from  nutrire,)  Trepknusa,  (I.)  JYuirice,  (F.) 
A'ourrice,  Garde-malnde.  One  who  suckles  her 
own  child  or  another's.  One  that  has  the  care 
of  a  sick  person. 

Nurse,  Dry.  One  who  gives  every  care  to 
the  child,  but  does  not  suckle  it. 

Nurse,  Wet.     A   female,   who  suckles  the 
child  of  another. 
NUT,  IJUTTER,  Juglans  cinerea— n.  Cera- 


bros,  see  Pinus  cembra — n.  Physic,  Jatropha 
curcas — n.  Pine,  see  Pinus  picea — n.  Pistachio, 
see  Pistacia  vera — n.  Poison,  see  Strychnos  nux 
vomica — n.  Purging,  see  Jatropha — n  Rattle, 
Nelumbium  luteum — n.  Soap, see  Sapindus  sapo- 
naria — n.  Tree,  Malabar,  Adliatoda — n.  V'omic, 
see  Strychnos  nux  vomica — n.  Zirbel,  see  Pi- 
nus picea. 

N  UTA'TION,  Nuta'tio,  from  nutarc, '  to  nod.' 
Constant  oscillation  of  the  head,  by  which  it 
moves  involuntarily  in  one  or  more  directions. 

NUTMEG,  see  Myristica  moschata. 

NUTMEG  FLOWER,  Nigella. 

NUTMEG  LIVER,  Liver,  nutmeg. 

NUTR1CATIO,  Nutrition. 

NUTRICIER,  Nutritious. 

NUTRICIUS,  Nutritious. 

NUTRIMENTUM,  Aliment. 

NUTRITION,  JVutri"tio,  Nulrica'tio,JHitu'- 
ra,  Tlnepsis,  from  nutrire,  '  to  nourish.'  Nu- 
trition is  that  function  by  which  the  nutritive 
matter  already  elaborated  by  the  various  or- 
ganic actions,  loses  its  own  nature,  and  assumes 
that  of  the  different  living  tissues, — to  repair 
their  losses  and  support  their  strength.  Some- 
times the  word  is  used  in  a  more  extended  sig- 
nification, to  express  the  whole  series  of  actions 
by  which  the  two  constant  rrfbvements  of  com- 
position and  decomposition  are  accomplished, 
in  organized  bodies.  Nutrition,  then,  would 
comprehend  digestion,  absorption,  respiration, 
circulation,  and  assimilation;  the  latter  being 
nutrition,  properly  so  called,  and  being  operated 
in  the  intermediate  system  over  the  whole  of 
the  body, — the  tissues  attracting  from  the  blood 
the  elements  necessary  for  their  reparation. 

Nutrition,  Force  of,  Plastic  force. 

NUTRIT'IOUS,  JVutric"ins,  Jfu' tri live,  Alii/- 
His,  Trop/it'mos,  Tropho'dcs,  (F.)  JYourricier,Nu- 
tricier.  Having  the  quality  of  nourishing:  as 
nutritious  food,  nutritious  lymph,  &c. 

Nutritious  or  Nutritive  Arteries,  (F.) 
Jirleres  nutricihres.  Arterial  branches  which 
enter  the  foramina  nutricia  of  long  bones,  and 
penetrate  to  the  medullary  membrane. 

NUTRITIVE,  Nutritious. 

NUTRITUS,  Aliment. 

NUTR1X,  Nurse. 

NUTS,  WATER,  Nelumbium  luteum. 

NUX  AROMATIC  A,  see  Myristica  mos- 
chata— n.  Avellana,  Corylus  avellana  (nut) — n. 
Barbadensis,  Jatropha  curcas — n.  Becuiba,  Ibi- 
cuiba — n.  Cathartica  Americana,  Jatropha  cur- 
cas—  n.  Gallae,  see  Quercus  cerris — n.  Julians. 
Juglans  regia — n.  Medica,  Coco  of  the  Maldives 
— n.  Melella,  Strychnos  nux  vomica — n.  Mos- 
chata, see  Myristica  moschata — n.  Myristica, 
see  Myristica  moschata — n.  Pistacia,  see  Pis- 
tacia vera — n.  Vomica,  Strychnos  nux  vomica. 

N  YCTALO'PIA,  from  rag, '  night,'  and  onto- 
,«ori,'I  see.'  Parop'sis  Lucif'uga,  Nyr.talopi'asis, 
Csefcitas  Siur'na,  Visus  noctur'nus,  Oxyo'pin, 
H emerald pia  (moderns,)  (q.  v.)  Amblyopia  me- 
ridia'na,  Hevteratyp&lo'sis,  Photapho'bia,  Photo- 
phohopluhcd' rnia,  Dyso'pia  lu' minis,  Visus  ucrior, 
(F.)  Vite  nocturne,  Jiveugltmcnt  de  Jour.  The 
faculty  of  seeing  during  the  night,  with  priva- 
tion of  the  faculty  during  the  day.  It  affects 
both  eyes  at  once  when  idiopathic.  Its  duration 
is  uncertain,  and  treatment  very  obscure.  It 
i^,  however,  a  disease  of  nervous  irritability, 
and  one  of  excitement  of  the  visual  nerve  in 
particular.     The  indications  of  cure  will,  con- 


NYCTHEMERON 


521 


OBLIQUE 


sequently,  be — to  allay  direct  irritation  in  every 
way;  to  excite  counter-irritation  by  blisters; 
and  to  gradually  accustom  the  eye  to  the  im- 
pression of  light. 

One  labouring  under  this  affection,  is  called 
a  Nyc'talope,  Nyc'talops,  wy.TaXvjxp. 

NYCTHEMERON,  see  Dies. 

NYCTHE'MERUM,  from  vv$,  'night,'  and 
'»;it*go,  'day.'  The  space  of  24  hours,  or  of  a 
day  and  night.  Certain  complaints  continue 
only  so  loner. 

NYCTOBASIS,  Somnambulism. 

NYCTOBATESIS,  Somnambulism. 

NYCTOTYPHLOSIS,  Hemeralopia. 

NYMPH M,  from  rv^jj,  'a  water  nymph.' 
Alx  intcr'ns  mino'res  clitor'idis,  Carun'cu/ee  cu- 
ticula'rcs,  Aim  mino'res,  Co/lic'ula  vagi'nse,  Myr- 
tochi'/a,  Myrtocheil'ides,  Labia  mino'ra  seu  inter'- 
na,  (F.)  Nymphes,  Pctites  litres.  Two  mem- 
branous folds,  which  arise  from  the  lateral  parts 
of  the  prepuce  of  the  clitoris,  and  descend  on 
the  inner  surface  of  the  labia  majora;  termina- 
ting by  becoming  gradually  thinner,  about  the 
middle  of  the  circumference  of  the  orifice  of 
the  vagina.  They  are  formed  each  of  two  folds 
of  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  vulva;  and 
contain,  in  their  substance,  a  thin  layer  of 
spongy,  erectile  tisStie.  Their  use  seems  to  be, 
— not,  as  was  once  supposed,  to  direct  the 
course  of  the  urine,  which  notion  gave  rise  to 
their  name,  but  to  favour  the  elongation  and 
dilatation  of  the  vaginain  pregnancy  and  labour. 

The  word  vvfupi}  lias  also  been  used  synony- 
mously with  clitoris  by  Oribasius,  Aetius,  &c. 

NYMPH.E'A  ALBA,  Levconymphs'a,  Nen'- 
upltar,  Microleticonymphx'  a,  While  Water  Lily. 
(F.)  Nenuphar  blanc.  Nat.  Ord.  Ranunculacea;. 
Sex.  Syst.  Polyandria  Monogynin.  Formerly 
employed  as  a  demulcent,  antaphrodisiac,  emol- 
lient, and  slightly  anodyne  remedy. 

Nymthjea  Indica,  N.  nelumbo — n.  Major 
lutea,  N.  lutea. 

Nymphjea  Lutea,  N.  major  lutea,  Yellow 
Water  Lily,  (F.)  Nenuphar  jaune.  Used  for 
the  same  purposes. 

Nymi'h«:a  Nklum' bo,  Faba  JEgyptiaca,  Cxf- 
amus  JEgypliacus,  Nymphs! a  Indica,-  Pontic 
or  JEgyptian  Bean.  The  fruit  of  this  is  eaten 
raw  in  Egypt  and  some  of  the  neighbouring 
countries;  and  is  considered  to  be  tonic  and  as- 
tringent. 

Nymphje'a    Ooora'ta,  Sweet-scented    Water 


Lily,  Sweet  water  lily,  White  pond  lily,  Toad  Lily, 
Cow  Cabbage,  Water  Cabbage,  (F.)  Nenuphar 
odorant.  An  indigenous  plant,  growing  in  most 
parts  of  the  United  States  in  fresh  water  ponds, 
and  on  the  borders  of  streams,  and  having  large 
white,  beautiful,  sweet-scented  flowers.  The 
root  is  very  astringent  and  bitter.  It  is  some- 
times made  intoa  poultice  andusedasadiscutient. 

NYMPHES,  Nymphte. 

NYMPHOCLU1A,  Nymphomania. 

NYMPHOMANIA,  from  vv,u<pt],  'a  bride,' 
and  /.tuna,  'fury.'  Furor  uteri'nvs,  Uleroma'- 
nia,  Lagne'sis  furor  fwmini'nus,  Metroma'nia, 
EroLoma'niu,  JEdaoma'nia,  Aidoioma'nia,  Melan- 
cho'tia  ut.eri'na,  Nympltoclu'ia,  Teenia,  Sympto'- 
ma  turvitu'dinis,  Androma'nia,  Gynxcoma'nia, 
Muchlos'ynZ,  Entelipathi' a,  Tenti'go  vene'rea,  Hys- 
teroma'nia,  Salud'itas  vulvs,  Uteri  pruri'tus, 
Brachu'na,  jJras'con,  Arsdtum,  (Estroma'nia, 
(F.)  Nyrnphomanie,  Fureur  uterine.  An  irre- 
sistible and  insatiable  desire,  in  females,  for  the 
venereal  act.  It  occurs  in  those  particularly, 
who  possess  a  nervous  temperament,  and  vivid 
imagination,  especially  if  excited  by  improper 
language,  masturbation,  &c.  Its  course,  as  de- 
scribed, is  as  follows.  In  the  commencement, 
the  'sufferer  is  a  prey  to  perpetual  contest  be- 
tween feelings  of  modesty  and  impetuous  de- 
sire. At  an  after  period,  she  abandons  herself 
to  the  latter,  seeking  no  longer  to  restrain  them. 
In  the  last  stage  the  obscenity  is  disgusting; 
and  the  mental  alienation,  for  such  it  is,  becomes 
complete.  The  treatment  consists  in  the  use 
of  the  same  means  as  are  required  in  the  saty- 
riasis of  man.  When  the  mental  alienation  is 
complete,  solitude  is  indispensable. 

NYMPHON'CUS,  from  vvuiprj,  'the  nympha,' 
and  oyxo?, '  a  tumour.'  A  morbid  tumefaction 
of  the  nymphse. 

NYMPHOT'OMYr,  Nymphotom'ia,  Nympha'- 
rum  Sectio,  from  rv^ipij,  '  nympha,'  and  reuvitv, 
'to  cut.'  An  operation,  known  and  practised 
for  a  long  time,  which  consists  in  the  exci- 
sion of  the  nymphse.  The  operation  is  had 
recourse  to,  when  they  are  attacked  with  scir- 
rhus,  cancer,  fungus,  or  gangrene;  or  when 
they  are  so  large  as  to  interfere  with  walking 
or  coition.  Nymphotorny  is  the  circumcision  r>f 
the  female.     It  is  practised  in  some  countries. 

Some  authors  have  used  the  term  Nympholo- 
my  for  amputation  of  the  clitoris. 

NYSTAGMUS,  Nictation. 


o. 


OAK,  BLACK,  Quercus  tinctoria — o.  Com- 
mon, Quercus  robur — o.  Jerusalem,  Chenopo- 
dium  botrvs — o.  Lungs,  Lichen  pulmonarius — 
o.  Poison, "Rhux  toxicodendron — o.  Red,  Quer- 
cus rubra  montana — o.  Sea,  Fucus  vesiculosus 
— o.Spanish,  Quercus  rubra  montana— o.  White, 
Quercus  alba. 

OARIOCYESIS,  Pregnancy,  ovarian. 

OARION,  Ovary. 

OARION'CUS,  Oariopln/ma;  from  toanior, 
'  the  ovarium,1  and  oyxoz,  'swelling.'  Ovarian 
tumour. 

OARl'TIS,  Oophori'tis,  Oori'tis,  Ivflamma'tio 
Ova'rii,  Ocari'tis,(F.)  Inflammation  de  I'Ovaire, 
from  wuoioi,  '  the  ovarium,'  and  itis,  the  termi- 
34 


nation  denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation 
of  the  ovarium. 

OARTHROC'ACE,  formed  by  contraction 
from  omo- arlhroca.ee.  Said  to  be  used  by  Rust 
to  designate  inflammation  of  the  scapulo-hu- 
meral  articular  surfaces. — Nysten. 

OATMEAL,  see  Avena. 

OATS,  Avena. 

OBAUDITIO,  Baryecoia. 

OBEL,£A  RAPHE,  Sagittal  suture. 

OBES1TAS,  Polysarcia. 

OBIlSIT£,  Polysarcia. 

OBESITY,  Polysarcia. 

OBFUSCATIO,  Amaurosis. 

OBLIQUE',  Obli'quus.     Any  thing  inclined: 


OBLIQUE  MUSCLES,  &c. 


522 


OBLITERATED 


—which  deviates  from  the  vertical  line.  Ana- 
tomists have  given  this  name  to  certain  mus- 
cles, which  have  an  oblique  direction  as  regards 
the  plane  that  divides  the  body  into  two  equal 
and  symmetrical  halves.     These  are: — 

Oblique  Muscles  of  the  Abdomen.  They 
are  two  in  number,  and  distinguished  into: :a.  Ob- 
liquus  Exter'nvs  JJbdom'inis,  O.  descen'dcns  ex- 
ter'nus,  0.  desccndens,  O.  major,  Ilio-pubocosto- 
abdom'inal,  Costo-abdom'inal  (Ch..)  (F.)  Grand 
oblique,  Oblique  externe.  One  of  the  broadest 
muscles  of  the  body.  It  is  situate  at  the  lateral 
and  anterior  part  of  the  abdomen;  and  is  flat 
and  quadrilateral.  It  is  attached,  above,  to  the 
outer  surface  and  lower  edge  of  the  7  or  8  last 
ribs:  below,  to  the  anterior  third  of  the  external 
lip  of  the  crista  ilii:  before,  it  terminates  at  the 
Hnea  alba  by  means  of  a  broad  and  strong  apo- 
neurosis, which  covers  the  rectus,  and  presents 
towards  its  inferior  part,  two  very  solid  fibrous 
fasciculi,  which  are  inserted, — the  one  at  the 
symphysis,  the  other' at  the  spine  of  the  pubis, 
— under  the  name  of  Pillars  of  the  Abdominal 
Ring.  These  pillars  leave  between  them  an 
opening,  which  forms  the  inferior  orifice  of  the 
inguinal  canal.  The  obliquus  externus  abdo- 
minis depresses  the  ribs,  and  carries  them  back- 
wards during  a  strong  expiration.  It  impresses 
on  the  chest  a  movement  of  rotation;  and  bends 
the  thorax  upon  the  pelvis,  or  vice  versa  It 
contracts,  also,  the  abdominal  cavity,  b.  Obli- 
quus Inter'nus  Abdominis ,  M  ace  li' vis,  O.  ascen- 
der s,  0  minor,  O.  internus,  O.  uscendens  inter- 
nus, liio  I ombocoslo- abdominal,  Ilia-abdominal 
(Ch  )  (F  )  Muscle  petit  oblique  ou  oblique  in- 
terrfe,  is  broad,  especially  before;  thin;  and  ir- 
regularly quadrilateial,  like  the  preceding,  be- 
neath which  it  is  situate.  It  is  attached,  above, 
to  the  inferior  edge  of  "the  cartilages  of  the  ot.h, 
4lh;  3d,  and  2d  false  ribs:  below,  to  the  anterior 
two-thirds  of  the  interstice  of  the  crista  ilii,  to 
the  posterior  part  of  the  crural  arch,  and  to  the 
pubis;  behind,  to  the  spinous  processes  of  the 
last  two  lumbar  vertebra?,  and  to  those  of  the 
first  two  portions  of  the  sacrum;  before,  to  the 
linea  alba.  Its  upper  fibres  run  obliquely  up- 
wards and  forwards;  the  middle  are  horizon- 
tal; and  the  lower  pass  obliquely  downwards 
and  forwards. 

These  last,  in  the  mule,  are  dragged  down 
through  the  inguinal  ring,  when  the  testicle 
descends,  and  form  the  two  fasciculi  of  the 
cremastcr. 

The  obliquus  internus  resembles  the  O.  ex- 
ternus in  function. 

Oblique  Muscles  of  the  Eve,  Amato'rii, 
Circumagcn'tes,  are  two  in  number.  They  are 
distinguished  into: — a.  Obliquus  Superior  Oculi, 
Amato'rius  rnus'ailus,  Troclilea'ris,  Obliquus  ma- 
jor, Optico  troclilei  scliroticien,  Grand  trochlt- 
ateur  (Ch..)  Circumduct; o' nis  op'ifix.  Lougis'si- 
musoc'uli,  (F.)  Grand  obi  que  de  fail,  O.superieur 
deVailAmoureux  (Muscle,)  is  situate  at  the  inner 
and  upper  part  of  the  orbit.  It  is  small,  round, 
fusiform,  and  reflected  upon  itself  in  the  mid 
die  of  its  course.  Behind,  it  is  attached  to  the 
inside  of  the  foramen  opticum;  and  when  it  ar- 
rives opposite  the  internal  orbitar  process,  it 
becomes  a  small,  round  tendon,  which  slides  in 
a  cartilaginous  pulley  fixed  to  the  os  frontis, 
and  is  reflected,  at  an  acute  angle,  to  proceed 
downwards  and  outwards,  nnd  to  attach  itself 
t.)  tli    ou'.er  and  bach  Dart  of  the  globe  of  the 


eye.  This  muscle  carries  the  globe  of  the  eye 
forwards  and  inwards;  making  it  experience  a 
movement  of  rotation,  which  directs  the  pupil 
downwards  and  inwards.  This  is  conceived  to 
be  an  involuntary  muscle  as  well  as  the  next. 
In  sleep,  according  to  Sir  C.  Bell,  when  the 
power  over  the  straight  or  voluntary  muscles  of 
the  organ  is  neaily  lost,  the  eye  is  given  up  to 
the  oblique  muscles,  which  lodge  the  transpa- 
rent cornea  under  the  upper  eyelid.  At  the  ap- 
proach of  death,  the  same  thing  is  observable; 
hence,  the  turning  up  of  the  eye,  at  such  a 
time,  is  not  an  evidence  of  agony  or  suffering, 
but  of  insensibility,  b.  Obliquus  Inferior  Oculi, 
O.  minor  oculi,  Maxillo-sclcroticien,  Petit  Troch- 
Uateur  (Ch  )  (F.J  Petit  oblique  ou  oblique  inft- 
rieur  de  Vail,  is  situate  at  the  anterior  and  in- 
ferior part  of  the  orbit.  It  is  flat  and  attached 
to  the  inner  and  anterior  part  of  the  orbitar  sur- 
face of  the  superior  maxillary  bone,  on  the  out- 
side of  the  lachrymal  gutter;  from  thence  it 
passes  outwards  and  backwards,  and  terminates 
by  an  aponeurosis,  at  the  posterior  arid  inner 
part  of  the  globe  of  the  eye.  It  carries  the 
globe  of  the  eye  inwards  and  forwards;  and  di- 
rects the  pupil  upwards  and  outwards. 

Oblique  Muscles  of  the  Head.  Theseare 
two  in  number,  a.  Obliquus  Superior  Cap'itis, 
0.  minor  capitis,  Trachelo-al/o'ido  occipital,  Jit- 
lo'idosous-mastoidien  (Ch.)  (F.)  Muscle  oblique 
supirieur  ou  petit  oblique  de  la  tete.  This  mus- 
cle is  situate  at  the  sides  of,  and  behind,  the 
articulation  of  the  head:  it  is  flat  and  attached, 
on  the  one  hand,  to  the  top  of  the  transverse 
process  of  the  atlas;  and,  on  the  other,  termi- 
nates at  the  occipital  bone,  beneath  the  inferior 
curved  line,  and  sometimes,  also,  at  the  mastoid 
region  of  the  temporal  bone.  It  extends  the 
head, — inclining  it  to  one  side.  b.  Obliquus  In- 
ferior Capitis,  Obliquus  major,  Spini-uxo'ido- 
tracheliatlo'idicn,  Axoido-otloidicn,  (Ch.)  (F.) 
ObUque  infer ieur  on  grand  oblique  de  la  ttte,  is 
situate  at  the  posterior  part  of  the  neck  and 
head.  It  is  round,  fusiform;  attached  to  the 
spinous  process  of  the  axis,  and  proceeds  to 
terminate  behind  and  below  the  summit  of  the 
transverse  process  of  the  atlas.  It  impresses, 
on  the  first  vertebra  and  the  head,  a  movement 
of  rotation,  which  turns  the  face  to  one  side. 

OBLIQUE  EXTERJVE,  Obliquus  externu* 
abdominis— o.  Grand,  Obliquus  externus  abdo- 
minis— o.  Grand  detail.  Obliquus  superior  ocu- 
li— u.  Grand,  de  la  tele,  Obliquus  inferior  capitis 
— o.  Inflrieur  de  Vail,  Obliquus  inferior  oculi 
— o.  InJ'ericur  de  la  tete,  Obliquus  inferior  capi- 
tis— o  Interne,  Obliquus  internus  abdominis— 
o.  Petit,  Obliquus  internus  abdominis — o.  Petit 
dc  Cecil,  Obliquus  inferior  oculi — o.  Fedt  de  la 
lite.  Obliquus  superior  oculi — o.  Supirieur  de 
Vail.  Obliquus  superior  oculi — o.  Supericur  de 
la  tete,  Obliquus  superior  capitis. 

ODLiqUITE  DE  LA  MATRICE,  Retrovcr- 
sio  uteri. 

OBLIQUUS  ASCENDEiNS,  O.  internus  ab- 
dominis— o.  Auris,  Laxator  tympani— o.  De- 
scendens  externus,  O.  externus  abdominis — o. 
Major,  O.  externus  abdominis,  O.  inferior  capi- 
tis, O.  superior  oculi — o.  Minor,  O.  interim* 
abdominis— o.  Minor  capitis,  O.  superior  capiti* 
— o.  Minor  oculi.  O.  inferior  oculi. 

OBLITERATED,  Oblitera'tus,-  from  oblite- 
rate, 'to  efface'  (litcra,  'letters'?)  A  vessel 
or  duct  is  said  to  be  obliterated,  when  its  pa- 


OBLIV10 


523 


OCCIPITAL  ARTERY 


have  approximated  and  contracted  such 
an  adhesion  to  each  other  that  the  cavity  has 
completely  disappeared. 

OBLIVIO,  Amnesia — o.  Iners,  Lethargy. 
OB'OLUS,  opokot;,  a  weight  of  9  or  10  grains. 
OBSCURCISSEMEJ\'T  DE  LA   VUE,  Ca- 
ligo. 

OBSERVATION,  Ohscrva'tin,  (from  ob,  and 
zervare,  '  to  keep,'  e.  grin  sight.)  Tere'sis,  Sym- 
paratere'sis.  Act  of  examining  a  thing  by 
means  of  the  external  senses.  This  word  is 
employed  in  several  acceptations.  It  expresses 
—  l.The  action  of  observing — 2.  The  aggregate 
of  knowledge,  afforded  by  observation.  In 
French — but  not  in  English — it  means  the  case 
or  history  of  the  phenomena  presented  by  a 
patient  in  the  course  of  a  disease. 
OBSERVATION,  dee. 
Observation,  Method  of,  Numerical  me- 
thod. 

OBSTETRICANS,  Accoucheur. 
OBSTETRICS,  from  Obslelrix,  <a  midwife,' 
Tokol'ogy,   Tocol'ogy,  Muiei'a,  Maeci'a,  Maeia, 
Jtrs  obstetrH'cia,  Obstet'ricy.    The  art  of  mid- 
wifery, 

OBSTETRICY,  Obstetrics. 
OBSTETRIX,  Midwife. 
OBSTIPATIO,  Constipation— o.  Tenesmus, 
Tenesmus. 

Obstipatio,  see  Hump. 
OBSTIPITAS,  Torticollis. 
OBSTRUCTIO,  Emphraxis,  Stegnosis— o. 
Alvi, Constipation — o.  Ductus  Alimentarii,  Con- 
stipation— o.  I  ntestin  a  lis,  Constipation — o.  Recti 
Spastica,  Stricture  of  the  Rectum,  spasmodic 
— o.  Pulmonum  pituitosa  febrilis,  Peripneumo- 
nia notha. 

OBSTRUCTION  OF  THE  INTESTINES, 
Enterempliraxis. 

OB'STRU ENS, from  ob'strvo,(ob,  and slrvere, 
•'to  build,')   lI  stop  up    by    buildinjr    against.' 
Oppilati'vus.     A  medicine  which  closes  the  ori- 
fices of  ducts  or  vessels. 
OBSTUPEFAC1ENTIA,  Narcotics. 
OBTONDANT,  Obtundtrts. 
OBTUN'DENS,  (F.)  Obtondant,  from  obtun- 
dert  ("I/  and  tunde-re,  'to  beat,')  '  to  beat  against.,' 
and  therefore  to  blunt  the  edge.     An  epithet 
applied  to  remedies  that  were  supposed,  accord- 
ing to  an  erroneous  theory,  to  be  possessed  of 
the  power  of  blunting  the  acrimony  of  the  hu- 
mours.    A  demulcent  is  one  of  these. 
OBTURAMENTUM,  Emphra<rma. 
OBTURATEUR  DV  PALAIS,  Palate,  artifi- 
cial. 

OBTURATIO,  Emphraxis. 
OBTURATOR,  Obturato'iius,  (F.)   Obtura- 
feur,  from  obturare,  '  to  close,'   '  stop  up  the  en- 
trance.'    A  name  given  to  several  parts. 

Obturator  Artery,  Souspubio  femorale 
(Ch  )  Arteria  obturuto  ria,  A  obtura'liix.  (F.)Ar- 
lere  obturul rice, arises,  most  commonly,  from  the 
hypogastric.  It  is,  however,  frequently  given 
off  from  the  epigastric;  a  matter  of  importance 
to  be  determined  in  cases  of  femoral  hernia. 
Of  500  obturator  arteries  examined  by  Mr.  J. 
Cloquet,  348  were  furnished  by  the  hypogastric, 
and  152  by  the  epigastric  or  crural.  When  it 
arises  from  the  hypogastric,  it  passes  forwards 
and  outwards,  and  then  turns  horizont  lly  into 
the  cavity  of  the  pelvis,  to  issue  from  this  ca- 
vity by  the  opening  left  at  the  upper  part  of  the 
obturator  membrane.     When,  on  the  contrary, 


the  obturator  artery  arises  from  the  epigastric 
or  the  crural,  it.  descends  obliquely  inwards,  be- 
hind the  os  pubis,  to  the  obturator  foramen.  At 
its  exit  from  the  pelvis,  the  artery  divides  into 
two  branches,  a  posterior  and  an  anterior,  which 
are  distributed  to  the  muscles  of  the  anterior 
and  superior  part  of  the  thigh. 

Obtura'tor  Fora'men,  Fora'mcn  Obturato  ■ 
riurn,  (F.)  Trou  sous-pubien,  F.  infra  pubia'num, 
Fora'men  ovals,  F.  Ihyroideum,  F.  Thyrdi'des, 
F.  Amplvm  Pelvis.  A  large  opening  of  an  oval 
or  triangular  form,  in  the  anterior  part  of  the 
os  innominatum,  on  the  outside  of  the  symphy- 
sis pubis  and  beneath  the  horizontal  ramus  of 
the  os  pubis.  This  foramen  is  closed  by  a  mem- 
branous ligament. 

Obturator  Ligament  or  Membrane  is  a 
fibrous  membrane,  fixed  to  the  whole  circum- 
ference of  the  obturator  foramen,  except  above, 
where  an  opening  remains  for  the  passage  of 
the  vessels  and  nerves  of  the  same  name. 

Obturator  Muscles.  These  are  two  in 
number.     They  are  divided  into 

a.  Obturator  Exirr'nus,  Extra-pclvio-pubi-tro- 
chante'rien,  Sous-pubio trochanter ien  cxtcrne  (Ch.) 
A  muscle,  situate  at  the  anterior  and  inner  part 
of  the  thigh.  It  is  broad,  flat,  and  triangular; 
and  is  attached,  on  the  one  hand,  to  the  ante- 
rior surface  of  the  os  pubis,  to  that  of  the  is- 
chium, and  to  the  anterior  surface  of  the  obtu- 
rator ligament.  Its  fleshy  fibres  converge  to 
the  tendon,  which  proceeds  to  be  inserted  at 
the  inferior  part  of  the  cavity  of  the  great  tro- 
chanter. This  muscle  rotates  the  thigh  out- 
wards. 

b.  Obturator  Interims,  Marsupia' lis ,  Bursa'lis, 
Intra-pelciotrochanl'ericn,  Souspubio-trochante- 
rien  interne  (Ch.)  is  seated,  almost  entirely,  in 
the  pelvis,  it  arises  from  the  inner  surface 
of  the  obturator  ligament,  and  from  the  poste- 
rior part  of  the  circumference  of  the  obturator 
foramen,  and  is  inserted,  by  means  of  a  strong1 
tendon,  running  between  the  two  portions  of 
the  gemini,  into  the  cavity  at  the  root  of  the 
great  trochanter;  after  having  turned  upon  the 
ischium,  which  forms  for  it  a  kind  of  pulley. 
This  muscle  also  rotates  the  thigh  outwards. 

Obturator  Nerve,  Souspubio-femoral  (Ch.) 
proceeds  principally  from  the  2d  and  3d  lumbar 
nerves.  It  descends  into  the  pelvis;  gains  the 
obturator  foramen;  gives  branches  to  the  obtu- 
rator muscles,  and  divides,  behind  the  adductor 
primus  and  pectinalis,  into  two  branches;  one 
anterior,  whose  branches  are  distributed  to  the 
first  two  adductors,  gracilis,  and  integuments; 
the  other,  posterior,  distributing  its  ramifica- 
tions to  the  obturator  externus  and  third  ad- 
ductor. 

Obturator  Vein  has,  ordinarily,  the  same 
arrangement  as  the  artery.     It  is  common,  how- 
ever,  to  find    it   arising    from    the   epigastric; 
whilst  the  corresponding  artery  proceeds  from 
the  hypogastric,  and  vice  versa. 
OBVOLVENTIA.  Demulcents. 
OCCIP'ITAL,  Occipita'lis.    That  which  be 
lono-s  to  the  occiput. 

Occipital  Arterv.  This  arises  from  the 
posterior  part  of  the  external  carotid,  beneath 
the  parotid.  It  proceeds  backwards,  passes 
between  the  mastoid  process  and  the  trans- 
verse process  of  the  atlas;  reaches  the  occipital 
bone  and  divides  into  two  branches,  which  may 
be  called  ascending  posterior  and  anterior,  an^ 


OCCIPITAL  BONE 


524 


OCIMUM  BASILICUM 


are  distributed  to  the  neighbouring  muscles 
and  ligaments. 

Occip'ital  Bone,  Os  occip'itis  seu  occipit'iisea 
occipit'uls,  Os  sphceno  basila're,  Os  memo'rise,  Os 
nervo'sum,  Os  basila'rS.  Os  prorce,  Os  pyx'idis 
seu  sextum  cranii  seu  lambdoi'des  seu  lavibdm 
seu  laudae  seu  puppis  seu  nervo'sum  seu  fibro'- 
sum  seu  ptlciccphal'icum,  (F.)  Os  occipital,  is 
situate  at  the  posterior  and  inferior  part  of  the 
cranium,  which  it  assists  in  forming.  It  is 
flat,  symmetrical,  and  curved  upon  itself.  It 
presents,  1.  an  occipital  or  posterior  surface, 
which  is  convex,  and  has,  upon  the  median 
line,  the  basilary  surface,  the  foramen  magnum, 
through  which  passes  the  spinal  marrow  with 
its  membranes  and  vessels; — the  external  occi- 
pital crest,  the  external  occipital  protuberance,- 
and,  at  the  sides,  the  upper  curved  line,  large 
rough  arched  ridge  or  transverse  arch  or  linea 
semicircularis ,  the  lower  curved  line,  the  poste- 
rior condyloid  fossee,  the  condyles  for  the  articu- 
lation of  this  bone  with  the  atlas;  and  the  an- 
terior condyloid  fossa?,  pierced  by  a  foramen  for 
the  passage  of  the  ninth  pair  of  nerves.  2.  A 
cerebral  or  anterior  surface.  On  the  median 
line  are:  the  basilary  fossae,  the  inner  orifice  of 
the  foramen  magnum,  the  internal  occipital  crest, 
the  internal  occipital  protuberance,  the  cruciform 
spine,-  a  channel,  which  lodges  the  termina- 
tion of  the  straight  sinus,  and  on  each  side,  the 
occipital  fossa  distinguished  into  superior  or  ce- 
rebral, and  inferior  or  cerebellous,  and  separated 
by  a  groove  which  lodges  the  lateral  sinus.  3. 
The  surfaces  of  the  occipital  bone  are  separated 
by  four  ridges  and  four  angles.  The  two  supe- 
rior edges  are  articulated  with  the  parietal 
bones;  the  two  lower  join  the  temporal;  and 
the  anterior  angle,  under  the  name  basilary 
process,  is  united  to  the  sphenoid. 

The  occipital  bone  is  developed  from  four 
points  of  ossification;  and  sometimes  from  a 
greater  number. 

Occipital  Muscle,  Occipita'lis.  Many  ana- 
tomists have  given  this  name  to  the  posterior 
fasciculus  of  the  Occipito-frontalis.  (q.  v.) 

Occipital  Nerve,  Sub-occipital  nerve,  Pre- 
miere paire  trachelienne,  (Ch.,)  (F.)  Kerf  occi- 
pital ou  sous  occipital.  It  arises  from  the  upper 
part  of  the  spinal  marrow  by  eight  or  ten  fila- 
ments, united  in  two  fasciculi.  Thus  formed, 
it  passes  between  the  foramen  magnum  and  the 
posterior  arch  of  the  atlas;  and,  at  this  place, 
forms  a  long  ganglion,  afterwards  dividing  into 
two  branches.  Of  these,  the  anteiior,  which  is 
long  and  small,  makes  a  turn  above  the  trans- 
verse process  of  the  atlas,  and  forms  an  anasto- 
motic noose  with  a  branch  of  the  second  cervi- 
cal nerve.  The  posterior  branch,  larger  and 
shorter,  divides  into  seven  or  eight  branches, 
which  are  distributed  to  the  muscles  of  the 
upper  and  back  part  of  the  neck. 

Occipital  Vein.  Its  roots  follow  exactly  the 
course  of  the  branches  of  the  artery,  and  unite 
into  a  single  trunk,  which  opens  into  the  in- 
ternal juguiar  vein,  and  sometimes  into  the  ex- 
ternal. 

OCC1PIT1UM,  Occiput. 

OCCIPTTO-AT'LOID,  Ocripito -alloide'us,(F.) 
Occipito-atlo'idien.  That  which  has  reference  to 
the  occiput  and  atlas. 

Occipito-Atloid  Articulation  is  the  articu- 
lation of  the  condyles  of  the  occipital  bone 
with  the  superior  articular  cavities  of  the  atlas. 


It  is  strengthened  by  two  ligaments;  the  one 
anterior,  the  other  posterior,  called  occipito-at- 
loid  ligaments;  the  one  extends  from  the  ante- 
rior, the  other  from  the  posterior,  arch  of  the 
atlas,  to  the  corresponding  portion  of  the  cir- 
cumference of  the  foramen  magnum. 

OCOIP'ITO- AX'Ol  D,  Occipito-azoidetis, (F.) 
Occipitoaxo'idien.  That  which  relates  to  the 
occipital  bone  and  the  axis  or  second  vertebra. 

Occipito-axoid  Articulation  is  the  connex- 
ion of  the  occipital  bone  with  the  axis  or  second 
vertebra,  although  these  bones  are  not  really 
articulated,  but  are  merely  retained  in  apposi- 
tion by  three  strong  ligaments;  the  posterior  of 
which  is  called  the  occipito-axoid,  and  the  two 
others  odontoid. 

OCCIPITO-FRONTA'LIS,  Digas'tricus  cra- 
nii, Epicra'nius,  Fronta'lis  et  occipitalis.  The 
majority  of  anatomists  call,  by  this  name,  the 
whole  of  the  fleshy  plane,  with  the  epicranial 
or  coronal  aponeurosis,  (see  Calotte,)  which 
covers  the  head  from  the  occiput  to  the  fore- 
head. It  is  attached,  by  its  posterior  fasciculus, 
to  the  two  outer  thirds  of  the  upper  curved  line 
of  the  occipital  bone,  and  to  the  outer  surface  of 
the  mastoid  portion  of  the  temporal;  and,  by  its 
anterior  fasciculus,  it  terminates  at  the  eye- 
brow, where  it  becomes  confounded  with  the 
soperciliarss,  pyramidalis  nasi,  and  orbicularis 
palpebrarum. 

The  occipito-frontalis,  by  the  contraction  of 
its  anterior  fasciculus,  draws  forwards  a  part  of 
the  integuments  of  the  cranium.  It  wrinkles 
the  skin  of  the  forehead  transversely,  and  may, 
also,  contribute  to  open  the  eye  by  its  decussa- 
tion willi  the  orbicularis  palpebrarum.  The 
posterior  fasciculus  of  the  muscle  draws  back- 
wards a  part  of  the  skin  of  the  cranium  and  as- 
sists in  stretching  the  common  aponeurosis. 

OCCIPTTO-MENINGE'AL.  That  which  be- 
longs to  the  occipital  bone,  and  to  the  meninge 
or  dura  mater. 

OcciPiTo-niENiNGEAL  Arterv,  in  Chaussier'a 
nomenclature,  is  a  branch  of  the  vertebral, 
given  off  to  the  dura  mater  at  its  entrance  into 
the  cranium. 

OCCIPUT,  In' ion,  from  oh,  and  caput,  Opis- 
thocra'nium,  Opisthoceph'alon,  Prora,  Ocdpi- 
tiurn.  The  back  part  of  the  bead,  formed  by 
the  occipital  bone. 

OCCLU'SION,  Occlusio,  MycS,  from  occlu- 
dere,i  to  shut  up.'  Sometimes  this  word  signi- 
fies, simply,  the  transient  approximation  of  the 
edges  of  a  natural  opening — {he  occlusion  of  the 
eyelids,  for  example;  at  others  it  is  synonymous 
with  imperforation,  as  occlusion  of  the  pupil,  va- 
gina, &c. 

OCHEMA,  Vehicle. 

OCHETEUMATA,  Nares. 

OCHETOS,  Canal. 

OCHEUS,  Scrotum. 

OCHREA,  Shin— o.  Rubra,  Hematites. 

OCHROMA.  Paleness. 

OCHROPYRA,  Fever,  yellow. 

OCHROTES,  Paleness. 

OCHTHODES,  Callous. 

OCIMUM  BASIL'ICUM,  Basil'icum,  Be- 
rcn'daros,  Basil'icum  majus,  B.  citra'tum,  Com- 
mon or  Citron  basil,  (F.)  Basilic  commun.  Mat. 
Ord.  Labiatae.  Sex.  Syst.  Dydynamia  Gym- 
nospermia.  This  herb  has  a  fragrant  odour 
and  aromatic  taste.     It  is  used  as  a  condiment, 


OCIMUM  CARYOPHYLLATUM 


5^5 


ODYNEMA 


^nd  has  been  supposed  to  possess  nervine  pro- 
perties. 

Ocimum  Caryophylla'tum,  0.  min'imum, 
S/tiu/l  or  Bush  basil.  Possesses  properties  si- 
milar to  the  former.  It  is  sometimes  used  as 
snuff. 

OCTA'NA,  llebdomada'ria,  from  octo,  'eight.' 
A  fever  whose  paroxysms  recur  every  week. 
A  supposititious  case. 

OOTA'RIUS.  The  eighth  part  of  a  wine-gal- 
lon. It  contains  sixteen  tluidounces. — Ph.  U.S. 
20  fluidounces  imperial  measure. 

OCTOPUS,  Sijnapheocepkalus,  Hemipages. 

OO'TUNX.     A  weight  of  eight  ounces. 

OCULARES  COMMUNES,  Motores  oculo- 
:um. 

OCULARIA,  Euphrasia  officinalis. 

OCULI  PALPEBRARUM  SCABIES  PRU- 
RIGINOSA,  Ophthalmia  tarsi. 

OCULIST,  Oculis'la,  OpIdhalmia'Ur.  One 
^vho  occupies  himself,  chiefly,  with  the  manage- 
ment of  diseases  of  the  eye. 

OCULIST1QUE,  Ophthalmology. 

OCULO-MUSCULAR  NERVES,  COMMON, 
Motores  oculorum. 

OCULUM  MOVENS  PRIMUS,  Rectus  in- 
ternus  oculi — o.  Movens  quartus,  Rectus  infe- 
rior oculi — o.  Movens  sec  lind  us,  Rectus  ex  tern  us 
•oculi — o.  Movens  tertius,  Rectus  superior  oculi. 

OCULUS,  Eye— o.  Bovinus,  Hydrophthal- 
mia— o.  Bovis,  Chrysanthemum  leucanthemum 
— o.  Bubulus,  Hydrophthalmia — o.  Cajsius, 
Glaucoma — o.  Duplex,  Binoculus — o.  Elephan- 
tinus,  Hydrophthalmia — o.  Genu,  Patella — o. 
Lachrymans,  Epiphora— o.  Purulentus,  Hy- 
popyon— o.  Simplex,  see  Monoculus — o.  Ty- 
phonis,  Scilla. 

OCYOUYNIC,  Ocytocic. 

OCYTOCEUS.  Ocytocic. 

OCYTOCIC,  Oxytocic,  Ocytoce'us,  Ocytoc"ius, 
Ocyt'ocus,  Ocyody'nic,  Odinago'gus,  from  o%vg, 
'  quick,'  and  roxug,  '  labour.'  Any  thing  that 
expedites  parturition. 

OCYTOCIUS,  Ocytocic. 

OCYTOCUS.  Ocytocic. 

ODAXIS'MUS,  from  o<5o«,.'a  tooth.'  The 
painful  itching  of  the  gums  which  precedes 
the  appearance  of  the  teeth.     Dentition,  (q.  v.) 

ODES,  a  suffix,  see  Eido3. 

ODIN,  Pains,  (labour.) 

ODINAGOGUS,  Ocytocic. 

ODME,  Odour. 

ODONTAGOGON,  Dentagra. 

ODON'TAGRA,  from  cJW,  'a  tooth,;  and 
«y{«, '  a  seizure.'  A  rheumatic  or  gouty  pain 
in  the  teeth.     Dentagra,  (q.  v.) 

ODONTAL'GIA,  from  oSovc,  'a  tooth,'  and 
alyog,  '  pain,'  Odon'tia,  Den'tiitm  dolor,  Tooth- 
ache, Odon'tia  dolor o' sa,  (F.)  Douleur  des  dents, 
Fluxion  sur  les  dents,  Mai  de  dent,  Maid' amour. 
A  disease,  dependent  upon  a  variety  of  causes 
affecting  the  cavity  of  the  tooth;  but  generally 
owing  to  caries,  which  exposes  the  cavity  to 
the  action  of  the  air,  and  to  extraneous  matters 
in  general.  Hence,  the  treatment  consists  in 
plugging  the  tooth,  or  destroying  the  sensi- 
bility of  the  nerve,  by  powerful  stimulants;  and, 
if  these  means  fail,  in  extracting  the  tooth. 

Odontalgia  Cariosa,  DenlaPgangrene — o. 
Dentitionis,  Dentition — o.  Haemodia,  Hsemodia. 

Odontalgia  Nervosa,  Neural'gia  Dcn/aWs. 
Neuralgia  of  the  Teeth.  Characterized  by  pe- 
riodical pain,  shooting   with  the    utmost  vio- 


lence along  the  branches  of  the  fifth  pair  dis- 
tributed to  the  affected  jaw. 

Odontalgia  Remittens  et  Intermittens, 
Neuralgia  infra-orbitaria. 

ODONTALGIC,  Anti-odontalgic. 

ODONTIA,  Odontalgia. 

Odontia  Defor'mis.  Deformity  of  the 
teeth,  from  error  or  shape,  position,  or  number. 
— Good. 

Odontia  Dentitionis  Lactantium,  see  Den- 
tition (first) — o.  Dentitionis  puerilis,  see  Denti- 
tion, (second) — o.  Edentula,  see  Nefrendes — o. 
Excrescens,  Epulis — o.  Incrustans,  Odontolithos 
— o.  Stuporis,  Haemodia. 

ODONTIASIS,  Dentition. 

ODONTIC,  Anti-odontalgic, 

ODONTITIS,  Endodontitis. 

ODONTOGENY,  Odontogen'ia,-  from  otfovc, 
odovrog,  'a  tooth,'  and  ysvto-iq,  'generation.' 
Generation  or  mode  of  development  of  the 
teeth. 

ODONTOGLYPHON,  Gum  lancet. 

ODONTOGLYPHUM,  Denliscalpium. 

ODON'TOID,  Odonloi'des,  Dentiform' is,  Den- 
ta'lis,  Dentoideus,  Fyrenoi'des,  from  odovg,  '  a 
tooth,'  and  etiug,  'shape,'  'resemblance.'  This 
epithet  is  given  to  the  Processus  dentatus  of  the 
second  vertebra  or  axis,  (q.  v.) 

Odontoid  Lig'ajients,  (F.)  Ligaments  odon- 
toidicns,  are  two  strong  and  short  conical  fas- 
ciculi, whose  truncated  summits  embrace  the 
sides  of  the  odontoid  process,  and  whose  bases 
are  fixed  in  the  fossae  at  the  inner  side  of  the 
condyles  of  the  occipital  bone.  Their  direction 
is  obliquely  outwards  and  slightly  upwards. 
They  enter  into  the  composition  of  the  occipito- 
axoid  articulation;  strengthen  the  junction  of 
the  head  with  the  vertebral  column,  and  limit 
the  movement  of  rotation  of  the  atlas  on  the 
axis. 

ODONTOL'ITHOS,  from  odovg,  'a  tooth,' 
and  Xidog,  'a  stone.'  A  sort  of  incrustation,  of 
a  yellowish  colour,  which  forms  at  the  base  of 
the  teeth,  and  is  called  Tartar,  Tar'tarus  Den- 
tium,  Odon'lia  incrus'tans,  (F.)  Tartre  des 
Dents.  It  consists  of  seventy-nine  parts  of 
phosphate  of  lime;  twelve  and  a  half  of  mucus; 
one  of  a  particular  salivary  matter,  and  seven 
and  a  half  of  an  animal  substance,  soluble  in 
muriatic  acid. 

ODONTOL'OGY,  Odontolog"ia,  from  odov(, 
'a  tooth,' and  i.oyog,  'a  discourse.'  An  anato- 
mical treatise  of  the  teeth. 

ODONTOPHYIA,  Dentition. 

ODONTOSMEGMA,  Dentifrice. 

ODONTOTECHNY,  Dentistry. 

ODONTOTRIMMA,  Dentifrice. 

ODORAT.  Olfaction. 

ODORATIO.  Olfaction. 

ODOR  AT  US,  Olfaction— o.  Deperditus, 
Anosmia. 

ODOS,  Way. 

O'DOUR,  Odor,  OdmS,  Ostnl.  A  smell. 
Odours  are  subtle  particles,  constantly  escaping 
from  the  surface  of  certain  bodies  They  act, 
in  some  manner,  by  actual  contact  on  the  nerves 
of  the  Schneiderian  membrane,  and  give  occa- 
sion to  the  sense  of  smell  or  olfaction,  (q.  v.) 

ODOUS.  Tooth. 

OD'YNE,  oSvf,h  <  pain,'  (q.  v.)  Dolor,  Odyne'- 
ma.  A  very  common  suffix  to  words;  as  in 
Pleurodyne. 

ODYNEMA,  Odyne. 


(ECONOMIA 


526 


CESOPHAGOTOMT 


(ECONOMIA, Economy— ce.  Animalis,  Phy- 
siology. 

CEDE'MA,  from  oidicj,  'I  am  swollen.'  Hy- 
drops cellula'ris  ar'tuum,  Phlegmasia.  Swell- 
ing produced  by  the  accumulation  of  a  serous 
fluid  in  the  interstices  of  the  cellular  texture. 
This  swelling  is  soft;  yields  under  the  finger; 
preserves  the  impression  for  some  time,  and  is 
pale  and  without  pain.  It  presents  the  same 
characters  as  anasarca,  which  is  general  oedema. 
Its  etiology  and  treatment  are  also  the  same. 
See  Anasarca. 

CEde'ma  Arsenica'lis.  The  swelling  of  the 
eyelids  and  face,  induced  by  continued  use  of 
the  preparations  of  arsenic. 

CEde'ma  Cer'ebbi,  (F.)  CEdhne  du  cerveau. 
CEdema  of  the  Brain.  A  condition  of  the  cere- 
bral pulp,  in  which  there  is  an  infiltration  of 
serous  fluid  into  it,  so  that  it  appears  more 
moist  or  watery  than  common;  and,  when 
sliced  or  pressed,  small  drops  of  water  are  seen 
to  ooze  out. 

CEdema,  Compact,  Induration  of  the  cellu- 
lar tissue — ce.  Fugax,  Anathymiasis — ce.  Hyste- 
ricum,  Anathymiasis. 

CEdema  of  the  Glottis,  (Erfem'atous  La- 
ryngi'tis,  CEde'ma  glot'tidls,  Hydrops  glot'lidis, 
Jingi'na  aquo'sa,  Submu'cous  Laryngi'lis,  CEdem'- 
atous  angi'na,  (F.)  Lanjngite  ademateuse,  L. 
ademateuse  et  seropurulente,  L.  sus-gloflique,  L. 
sousmuqueuse,  Angine  laryngie  ademateuse, 
CEdeme  dc  la  glotte.  A  disease  consisting  of 
serous  or  sero-purulcnt  infiltration  into  the  sub- 
mucous tissue  of  the  glottis.  The  symptoms 
resemble  those  of  croup;  but  the  disease  attacks 
the  adult  rather  than  the  child.  The  age  is, 
indeed,  a  principal  means  of  diagnosis  between 
the  two  affections. 

The  disease  is  almost  always  fatal.  The 
treatment  has  to  vary  according  to  the  accom- 
panying general  symptoms. 

CEdema  Lacteum,  Phlegmatia  dolens. 

CEdema  of  the  Lungs,  Hydrops  Pulmo'num, 
Hydropneumo'nia,  (q.  v.)  Anasar ca  Pulmo'num, 
(F.)  (Edeme  dupoumon.  Laennec  has  so  called 
the  infiltration  of  serum  into  the  tissue  of  the 
lung,  carried  to  such  an  extent  as  to  diminish 
its  permeability  to  air.  It  is  not  an  uncommon 
sequela  of  pneumonia,  and  the  major  exanthe- 
mata. The  respiration  is  laborious;  the  respi- 
ratory murmur  scarcely  perceptible,  although 
the  thorax  is  largely  expanded,  and  there  is  a 
slight  rale  crepitant,  particularly  at  the  base 
and  inferior  part  of  the  lungs.  The  sound  on 
percussion  is  clear,  and  on  both  sides  equally 
so.  The  cough  is  attended  with  aqueous  ex- 
pectoration. In  some  cases,  the  respiration  be- 
comes puerile  in  a  small  portion  of  the  summit 
of  the  lung. 

CEdema  Puerperarum,  Phlegmatia  dolens — 
oe.  Spastieum,  Anathymiasis — ce.  Uvulce,  Sta- 
phyledema. 

(EDtME  DES  JVOUVELLES  A  C- 
COUCHtiES,  Phlegmatia  dolens— a.  Doulou- 
reux desfemmes  en  couche,  Phlegmatia  dolens — 
a.  actif  des  Nauvelks  accouchees,  Phlegmatia  do- 
lens— a.  du  Cerveau,  CEdema  cerebri — a>.  de  la 
Glotte,  CEdema  of  the  glottis — a.  de  la  Glotte, 
Angina  cedematosa — a.  du  Tissu  cellulaire  des 
noitveav-n'es.  Induration  of  the  cellular  tissue. 

CEDEMOSAR'CA.  A  species  of  tumour, 
mentioned  by  M.  A.  Severinus,  which  holds  a 
middle  place  between  oedema  and  sarcoma. 


CEIL,  Eye — w.  de  Bauf,  Anthemis  tinctoria 
— a.  Double,  Binoculus — ce.  de  Lilcre,  Lagoph- 
thalmus — a.  Simple,  see  Monoculus. 

(EILLET  GIR OFL^E,  Dianthus  earyophyl- 

lus. 

CEILLl£RE,J5c!Lph\um  oculare. 

CENAN'THE,  CE.  croco'ln,  CE.  chxrophyl'h 
fo'liis,  Hemlock  dropwort.  Hemlock  water- drop- 
wort.  Nat.  Ord.  Umbelliferee.  Sex.  Sysl.  Pen- 
tandria  Digynia.  A  violent  poison  of  the 
acre-narcotic  class.  Its  jnice  has  been  re- 
commended in  certain  cutaneous  diseases;  but 
it  is  scarcely  ever  used.  It  is  employed  in  fo- 
mentations. 

CEnanthe  Phellandrium,  Phellandrium 
aquaticum. 

CENELiE'ON,  otrtlatov,  from  otvo?,  'wine,r 
and  ikaiov,  'oil.'  A  mixture  of  oil  and  wine.— 
Galen. 

CENOG'ALA,  oiroyala,  from  oiro?,  'wine,' 
and  yala,  'milk,' — 'a  mixture  of  wine  and 
milk.'  According  to  some,  wine  a3  warm  as 
new  milk. 

CENOG'ARON,  Garum  vino  mistum.  Wine 
mixed  with  garum. — Aetius. 

CENOMAN1A,  Delirium  tremens. 

CENOS,  Wine. 

CENOSTAGMA,  Spiritus  vini  rectificatus. 

CENOTHE'RA  BIEN'NIS,  CE.  MolRs'sima, 
Evening  Primrose,  Tree  Primrose,  Primrose  tree, 
Scabish.  An  indigenous  plant,  common  on  the 
borders  of  fields,  and  in  natural  hedges.  Octan- 
dria  Monogynia,  (Linn.)  Its  properties  are 
mucilaginous  and  slightly  acrid.  A  decoction 
has  been  used  in  cases  of  infantile  and  other 
eruptions. 

GESOPHAGE'AL,  (Esophagse'us,  (F.)  (Eso- 
phagien.  Relating  or  belonging  to  the  oeso- 
phagus. 

OESOPHAGEAL    Ap'eRTURE     OF    THE     Di'a- 

phragm,  (F.)  Ouverture  asopho gienne  du  dia- 
phragme.  An  opening  in  the  diaphragm,  for 
the  passage  of  the  oesophagus. 

Oesophageal  Aperture  of  the  Stomach. 
A  name,  given  to  the  superior  or  cardiac  orifice 
of  the  stomach,  to  distinguish  it  from  the  infe- 
rior or  pyloric. 

CEsophage'al  Muscle,  GUsophngx'us.  Some 
anatomists  have  given  this  name  to  the  trans- 
verse muscular  fibres,  which  surround  the  oeso- 
phagus at  its  upper  extremity. 

CEsophageal  Tube,  see  Tube,  oesophageal. 

CESOHHAGIALGIA,  CEsophagismus. 

CESOPHAG1ARCT1A,  Dysphagia  con- 
stricta. 

O1S0PHAG1EN,  (muscle,)  Constrictor  oeso- 
phagi. 

CSSOPHAGIS'MUS.  A  name  given  by  Vo- 
gel  to  spasm  of  the  oesophagus;  Dyspha'gia 
spasmod'ica,  D.  nervo'sa,  Strirtu'ra  asoph'agi 
spasmod'ica,  CEsophagial'  gia,  Tencsme  de  I'aso- 
phr/ge,  T.  Guise.  By  some,  used  synonymously 
with  oesophagitis,  dysphagia,  and  contraction  ot 
the  oesophagus. 

OESOPHAGITIS.  Inflammation  of  the  oeso- 
phagus,— Angina  asophagasa,  Cynanche  aso- 
plmgea,  (q.  v.)  Dyspha'gia  infiammato'ria,  In- 
flamma'tio  asoph'agi,  (F.)  Andne  asopkagienne. 

CESOPHAGORRHAGIA,'H^ematemesis. 

CESOPHAGOT'OMV, (Esoptiagotoni'iajron; 
ouroyayoc,  'the  oesophagus,'  and  rfiirm,  '  t.~ 
cut.'     An  incision  made  into  the  oesophagus 


(ESOPHAGUS 


527 


OILS,  ANIMAL 


for  the  purpose  of  extracting  foreign  bodies 
from  it. 

CESOPH'AGUS,  from  0,m,  'I  carry,'  and 
<payt»,  'I  eat;'  Gula,  Fis'lvla  ciba' lis,  Via  stom'- 
achi  et  tentris,  Fis'tula  vel  Infundib'ulum  Ven- 
tric'uli,  Gluttus.  The  Gullet.  A  musculo-mem- 
branous  canal,  cylindrical,  and  depressed  from 
before  to  behind,  which  extends  from  the  infe- 
rior extremity  of  the  pharynx  to  the  upper  ori- 
fice of  the  stomach.  At  its  origin,  it  is  situate 
in  the  median  line;  but,  beneath  the  larynx,  it 
deviates  to  the  left,  and  in  the  chest  expe- 
riences different  inflections.  In  its  cervical 
portion,  it  corresponds,  behind,  with  the  spine; 
before,  with  the  larynx  and  trachea;  and, at  the 
sides,  it  is  close  to  the  primitive  carotids,  in- 
ternal jugular  veins,  par  vagum,  recurrent 
nerves,  &c.  In  its  inferior  or  thoracic  portion, 
the  oesophagus  is  entirely  contained  in  the  pos- 
terior mediastinum;  and  enters  the  abdomen 
through  the  oesophageal  aperture  of  the  dia- 
phragm. The  oesophagus  is  composed  of  a  very 
strong  muscular  layer,  sometimes  called  Tunica 
vaginalis  gulee ;  formed,  itself,  of  two  sets  of 
fibres,  the  external  being  generally  longitudinal, 
the  internal  transverse  or  annular.  2.  Of  a 
mucous  membrane  which  is  soft,  fine,  thin,  and 
white,  especially  at  its  lower  part.  It  is  con- 
tinuous, above,  with  the  mucous  membrane  of 
the  pharynx.  The  mucous  follicles,  found  be- 
neath it,  are  not  numerous,  and  have  been  called 
(Esophageal  glands.  The  arteries  of  the  oeso- 
phagus proceed,  in  the  neck,  from  the  thyroid; 
in  the  chest,  from  the  bronchial  arteries  and 
directly  from  the  aorta; — in  the  abdomen,  from 
the  inferior  phrenic,  and  coronaria  ventriculi. 
Its  veins  empty  themselves  into  the  inferior 
thyroid,  the  vena  cava  superior,  the  internal 
mammary,  azygos,  bronchial,  phrenic,  and  co- 
ronaria ventriculi.  Its  lymphatics  pass  into  the 
ganglia  surrounding  it.  Its  nerves  are  afforded 
by  the  pharyngeal  and  pulmonary  plexuses;  by 
the  cardiac  nerves;  the  thoracic  ganglia,  and, 
especially,  by  the  paeumogastric  and  their  re- 
current branches. 

C3STRO. MANIA,  Nymphomania. 

CESTRUM,  Clitoris. 

OEstuum  Ven'eris,  CEstrum  vene'reum, 
Ulslrus  vent' reus ,■  from  oiirrnoc,  oestrus,  'a  vio- 
lent impulse  or  desire.'  An  immoderate  desire 
for  sexual  intercourse.  With  some,  oestrum 
signifies  Clitoris. 

(EUFS.  Ova. 

OFF1CINA,  Pharmacopolium. 

OFFICINAL,  Officinalis,  from  offid.na,  'a 
shop.'  An  epithet  for  medicines  found  in  the 
shop  of  the  apothecary,  ready  prepared;  in  op- 
position to  magistral  or  extemporaneous, —  those 
prepared  after  the  prescription  of  the  physician. 

OFFIUM,  Affion,  Opium. 

OFFUSCATIO,  Amaurosis. 

OGNON,  a  Corn— o.  Marin,  Scilla. 

OHI'O,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Yellow 
Spring  is  a  chalybeate,  situate  in  Green  county, 
(>4  miles  from  Cincinnati.  It  is  sometimes  fre- 
quented. 

OIE,  Sorbus  domestica. 

OIGXOJf,  Allium  cepa. 

OIL,  0' I  turn,  Elx'on,  (F.)  Huile,,-  from  data, 
'the  olive.'  A  collective  name,  under  which 
two  classes  of  fluids  are  included,  very  diffe- 
rent from  each  other:  those,  belonging  to  the 


one  class,  are  viscid;  mawkish  or  almost  in- 
sipid: those  of  the  other  are  nearly  devoid  of 
viscidity,  and  are  caustic  and  very  volatile. 
The  former  are  called  fat  or  fiied  oils,-  the  lat- 
ter volatile  or  essential  oils,  or  essences,  (q.  v.) 

Oil  of  Almonds,  Oleum  amygdalarum — o. 
of  Amber,  rectified,  see  Succinum — o.  Animal, 
Oleum  animale — o.  Animal,  of  Dippel,  Oleum 
animale  Dippelii — o.  of  Ray,  Daphnela2on — o. 
of  Bays,  Oleum  laurinum — o.  and  Beeswax, 
Uno-uentum  cera?— o.  of  Benjamin  or  Benzoin, 
Oleum  benzoini — o.  Benne,  see  Sesamum  orien- 
tal. 

Oil,  British.  An  empirical  preparation, 
often  used  in  cases  of  sprains. 

A  committee  of  the  Philadelphia  College  of 
Pharmacy  recommend  the  following  form  for 
its  preparation:  (01.  Terebinth.  01  Lini  usitu- 
fiss.  aa.  f.  Sviij,  01.  Succini,  01.  Juniper,  aa.  f. 
^iv,  Petrol.  Barbadens.  f.  2iij,  Petrol.  Ameri- 
can. (Seneca  Oil,)  f.  §j.    M.) 

Oil  of  Cacao,  Butter  of  Cacao — o.  of  the 
Cashew  nut,  see  Anacardinm  occidentale — o. 
Castor,  see  Ricinus  communis — o.  of  Chabert, 
Oleum  animale  empyrenmalicum  Chaberti — o. 
of  Cinnamon,  see  Laurus  cinnamomum — o.  of 
Cloves,  Eugenia  caryophyllata — o. Codliver,  O. 
Jecoris  aselli — o.  of  Cubebs,  see  Piper  cubeba — 
o.  of  Cypress,  Cyprinum  oleum — o.  of  Dill,  see 
Anethum  graveolens — o.  Dippel's,  Oleum  ani- 
male Dippelii — o.  of  Egg,  see  Ovum — o.  Ethe- 
real, Oleum  iEthereum— o.  Flaxseed,  see  Linum 
usitatissimum. 

Oil,  Fusel,  Pota'looil.  An  acrid  volatile  oil. 
formed  in  the  manufacture  of  potato  brandy, 
and  which  is  not  easily  separable  from  it.  Its 
chemical  constitution  is  analogous  to  that  of 
alcohol.  It  exhales  a  powerful  and  peculiarly 
suffocating  odour.  S.  g.  .818.  In  small  doses, 
it  is  highly  stimulating, — acting  like  narcotics 
in  general.  In  large  doses  it  destroys  the  mu- 
cous membrane  of  the  stomach. 

Oil,  Haf.rlem.  An  empirical  preparation, 
supposed  to  consist  chiefly  of  petroleum,  tur- 
pentine, and  balsam  of  sulphur.  Used  inter- 
nally in  renal  and  rheumatic  affections. 

Oil,  Krumholz,  see  Pinus  mughos — o.  of 
Lemons,  see  Citrus  medica — o.  Lily,  see  Liliuin 
candidum — o.  of  Mucilages,  Oleum  e  mucila- 
ginibus — o.  Neatsfoot,  Oleum  bubulum — o.  of 
Nicodemus,  Nicodemi  oleum — o.  of  Nutmegs, 
see  Myrislica  moschata — o.Olive, Oleum  olivte — 
o.  Palm,  see  Cocos  butyracea — o.  Paper,  Pyro- 
thonide — o.  of  Pennyroyal,  see  Hedeoma  pule- 
gioides — o.of  Pike,  Oleum  lucii  piscis — o.  Rock, 
Petrolsum— o.  Potato,  Oil,  Fusel— o.  Rag,  Py- 
rothonide — o.  of  Roses,  see  Rosa  centifolia — o. 
of  Rue,  Peganelawn,  see  Ruta  —  o.  of  Spike, 
Oleum  terebinthinae— o.  of  St.  John's  Wort,  see 
Hypericum  perforatum — o.  Salad,  Oleum  olivas 
— o.  of  Scorpion,  see  Scorpion — o.  Sulphuretted, 
Balsamum  sulphuris  simplex — o.  of  Tartar,  Li- 
quor potasses  subcarbonatis — o.  of  Turpentine, 
Oleum  terebinthinre— o.  of  Turpentine,  recti- 
fied, Oleum  terebinthina;  rectificatum  —  o.  of 
Vitriol,  Sulphuric  acid — o.  of  Wine,  Oleum 
a;thercuin. 

Oils,  Animal,  Olea  animalia  —  o.  Distilled, 
Olea  volatilia— o.  Empyreumatic,  Olea  empy- 
reumatica — o.  Essential,  Olea  volatilia — o.  Ethe- 
real, Olea  volatilia— o.  Expressed,  Olea  fixa— o. 
Fatty,  Olea  fixa— o.  Fixed,  Olea  fixa— o.  Fuga- 
cious, Olea  fugacia— o.  Grain,  Sesamum  orien- 


OILNUT 


523 


OLEA  MEDICINALIA 


tale— o.  Medicinal,  Olea  medicinalia— o.  Vola- 
tile, Olea  volalilia. 

OILNUT,  Juglans  cinerea. 
OINTMENT,  OF  ANTIMONY,  TARTAR- 
IZED,  Unguentum  antimonii  tartarizati — o. 
Basilicon,  Unguentum  resinse — o.  Bay,  Un- 
guentum laurinum — o.  Blister,  Cerate  of  can- 
thaiidea — o.  Blistering, green, Unguentum  lyttos 
medieatum  —  o.  Blistering,  milder,  Unguen- 
tum lytta; — o.  Blistering,  yellow,  Unguentum 
lytta;  medieatum  aliud — o.  Blue,  Unguentum 
hydrargyri — o.  Citrine,  Unguentum  hydrargyri 
nitratis — o.  of  Creasote,  Unguentum  creasoti — 
o.  Cyrillo's,  Unguentum  muriatis  hydrargyri 
oxygenati  medicatus — o.  Digestive,  simple,  Un- 
guentum digestivum  simplex — o.  Edinburgh, 
see  Unguentum  veratri — o.  Elder,  Unguentum 
sambuci — o.  of  Elemi,  Unguentum  elemi  com- 
positum — o.  for  the  Eyes,  (Smellome's,)  see 
Ceratum  resinse — o.  Golden,  Unguentum  hy- 
drargyri nitrico-oxydi — o.  Goulaidi,  Ceratum 
plumbi  compositum  —  o.  Green,  Unguentum 
sambuci — o.  Hellebore,  white,  Unguentum  ve- 
ratri— o.  of  Hydriodate  of  potass,  Unguentum 
potassse  hydriodatis — o.  of  Iodine,  Unguentum 
Iodini — o.  of  Iodine,  compound,  Unguentum 
iodini  compositum — o.  Itch,  Unguentum  sul- 
phuris  compositum  —  o.  Itch,  Bateman's,  see 
Unguentum  sulphuratum  alcalinum  ad  scabiem 
— o.  Itch,  Bailey's,  see  Unguentum  sulphu- 
Tatum  ad  scabiem — o.  Itch,  Helmerick's,  Un- 
guentum sulphuratum  alcalinum  ad  scabiem 
— o.  Issue,  Dr.  Physick's,  see  Unguentum  lyt- 
tae  medieatum  aliud — o.  of  Lydia,  Bacaris — o. 
Marshmallow,  Unguentum  de  Althaea — o.  Mer- 
curial, Unguentum  hydrargyri — o.  of  Nitrate  of 
mercury,  Unguentum  hydrargyri  nitratis — o.  of 
Nitrous  acid,  Unguentum  acidi  nitrosi — o.  of 
White  oxide  of  lead,  Unguentum  oxidi  plumbi 
albi — o.  of  Gray  oxide  of  mercury,  Unguen- 
tum oxidi  hydrargyri  cinereum — o.  of  Nitric 
oxyd  of  mercury,  Unguentum  hydrargyri  nitri- 
co-oxydi— o.  of  Impure  oxide  of  zinc,  Unguen- 
tum oxidi  zinci  impuri — o.  Red  precipitate,  Un- 
guentum hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydi — o.  of  White 
precipitate,  Unguentum  hydrargyri  pracipitati 
albi — o.  Resin,  Ceratum  resinse  flavse — o.  Resin, 
black,  Unguentum  resince  nigra — o.  of  Rose- 
water,  Unguentftm  aqure  rosae  —  o.  Soldier's, 
Martiatum  unguentum  —  o.  of  Spanish  flies, 
Cerate  of  Cantharides,  Unguentum  lyttse — o. 
Spermaceti,  Unguentum  cetacei — o.  of  Stra- 
monium, Unguentum  stramonii— o.  of  Suba- 
cetate  of  copper,  Unguentum  subacetatis  cupri 
-7-0.  of  Sugar  of  lead,  Unguentum  plumbi  su- 
peracetatis — o.  Sulphur,  Unguentum  sulphuris 
— o.  Sulphur,  compound,  Unguentum  sulphuris 
compositum — o.  Tar,  Unguentum  picis  liquidae 
— o.  Tobacco,  Unguentum  Tabaci — o.  Tulty, 
Unguentum  oxidi  zinci  impuri — o.  Verdigris, 
Unguentum  subacetatis  cupri — o.  Wax,  Un- 
guentum cera —  o.  White,  Unguentum  oxidi 
plumbi  albi — o.  Zinc,  Unguentum  zinci. 

OLD  AGE,  Senectus. 

OLD  WIFE'S   SHIRT,  Liriodendron. 

OLEA  ANIMA'LLA,  Animal  oik,  (F.)  Huiles 
animates,  A  name  given  to  fixed  oils,  holding 
in  solution  the  mucilaginous  and  gelatinous 
principles  of  certain  animals,  as  the  Oil  of 
frogs,  Oil  of  Scorpions,  Oil  of  spiders,  &c. 
Sometimes,  also,  the  term  animal  oik  is  given 
to  empyreumatic  oils,  produced  during  the  de- 
composition of  animal  substances  by  heat. 


1      Olea  Destillata,  O.  volatilia. 

Olea  Empyreumat'ica,  Empyreumatic  oils, 
(F.)  Huiles  empyreumatiques.  Oils  which  have 
an  empyreumatic  or  burnt  smell.  They  are 
obtained  by  treating  vegetable  or  animal  mat- 
ters by  heat,  in  close  vessels.  Tiiey  do  not 
exist  in  organized  bodies,  but  are  formed  during 
their  decomposition  by  fire.  The  animal  oil  of 
Dippel  is  an  empyreumatic  oil. 

Olea  Evrops.'a,  Oli'va,  Olea  sali'va.  The 
Olive  tree,  tXaia,  Elx'a,  (F.)  Olivier,  (Fruit) 
Olive.  Nat.  Ord.  Jasminese.  Sex.  Syst.  Dian- 
dria  Monogynia.  The  fruit  of  the  olive  tree, 
when  pickled,  is  extremely  grateful  to  some 
stomachs.  Olives,  as  met  with  in  the  shop3, 
are  prepared  from  the  green,  unripe  fruit,  re- 
peatedly steeped  in  water.  To  this,  some  quick- 
lime or  alkaline  salt  is  added,  and  afterwards, 
they  are  washed  and  preserved  in  a  pickle  of 
common  salt  and  water.  From  this  fruit  is 
prepared  the  Olive  oil  or  Sulafi  oil.  of  the  Phar- 
macopoeias, which  is  obtained  by  grinding  and 
pressing  the  olives,  when  thoroughly  ripe. 
The  finer  and  purer  oil  issues  first  by  gentle 
pressure,  and  the  inferior  sorts  on  heating  what 
is  left  and  pressing  it  more  strongly.  See 
Oleum  olivse.  In  Calabria,  an  odorous  resin 
exudes  from  its  trunk,  which  is  employed  as  a 
perfume  by  the  Neapolitans. 

A  gum  flows  from  certain  wild  olives,  in 
warm  countries,  which  consists,  according  to 
Pelletier,  of  a  resin,  a  little  benzoic  acid,  and  a 
peculiar  substance,  called  Olivile.  It  is  in  yel- 
low masses,  of  a  slightly  acrid  taste,  and  of  a 
vanilla  smell.  It  is  called  Olice  gummi,  0. 
resi'na,  and  0.  bals'arnum,  (F.)  Gonime  olivier, 
and  is  esteemed  astringent  and  detersive. 

Olea  Fixa  vel  Pin'guia,  Express' ed  oils, 
Fixed  oils,  Fatty  oils,  (F.)  Huiles  fixes  ou 
grasses.  All  the  oils  obtained  from  the  seeds 
or  pericarps  of  vegetables,  without  distillation, 
and  which  are  viscid,  but  slightly  odorous  and 
sapid;  lighter  than  water,  and  insoluble  in  al- 
cohol. The  rancidity  of  oils  depends  on  the 
absorption  of  oxygen,  and,  therefore,  they 
should  be  kept  in  bulk  as  much  as  possible; 
and  in  narrow-necked  bottles,  so  that  a  very 
small  surface  only  can  be  exposed  to  the  air. 
All  the  fixed  oils  are  emollient,  and,  in  a  cer- 
tain dose,  they  act  as  purgatives  and  emetics. 
They  are  prepared  by  expressing  the  fruit  or 
seed  containing  them. 

Olea  Fuga'cia,  Fuga'ciovs  oils,  (F.)  Huiles 
fugaces.  A  name  given  to  oils  which  are  so 
volatile  that,  in  order  to  obtain  them,  recourse 
must  be  had  to  a  different  process  from  that 
employed  for  other  essential  oils'.  Such  are 
the  oils  of  jessamine,  lily,  violet,  &c. 

Olea  Medicina'lia,  Medic" inal  oils,  (F.) 
Huiles  Medicinaks.  A  name  given  to  oils,  pre- 
pared by  macerating,  infusing,  or  boiling  me- 
dicinal substances  in  olive  or  any  other  fixed 
oils.  These  oils  may  then  be  regarded  as  oily 
solutions  of  certain  medicinal  substances; 
whence  they  can  never  be  simple.  They  have, 
however,  been  divided  into  simple  and  com- 
pound, medicinal  o;h.  To  the  former  belong 
the  Oils  of  St.  John's  wort,  of  the  Solanum  ni- 
grum, &c;  to  the  other, — which  have  often 
been  called  Oily  balsams,  (F.)  Baumes  huileux, 
—  the  Balsams  of  Fioraventi,  Metz,  &c.  Medi- 
cinal oils  are,  almost  always,  employed  exter- 
nally. 


OLEA  VOLATILIA 


529 


OLEUM  CHENOPODII 


Olea  Volatii/ia,  Olea  destilla'ta,  Vol'atile 
oils,  JEthero'lea,  Elhe'real  oi/s,  Essen'tial  oils, 
Distil'led  oils,  Es'sences,  (F.)  Huiles  volatile*, 
II.  cssentielles.  Oils,  found  in  aromatic  vege- 
tables, and  in  every  part  of  them,  except  in  the 
interior  of  the  seeds.  The  majority  are  ob- 
tained by  distillation;  but  some  by  expression. 
They  possess  unctuosity,  inflammability,  and 
viscidity,  like  the  fixed  oils;  but  they  are  ge- 
nerally odoriferous,  pungent,  and  acrid.  The 
greater  part  are  lighter  than  water;  but  some 
are  heavier,  and  congeal  at  a  moderate  tempe- 
rature. They  dissolve,  in  small  quantity,  in 
distilled  water,  by  simple  agitation.  Almost 
all  are  soluble  in  alcohol.  The  odour  and  taste 
are  the  usual  tests  of  their  goodness.  To  pre- 
serve them,  they  should  be  kept  in  a  cool  place, 
in  small  bottles  quite  full  and  well  corked. 
Volatile  oils  are  possessed  of  the  aromatic  pro- 
perties of  the  plant  whence  they  are  obtained. 
They  are  all,  when  applied  externally,  stimu- 
lant and  rubefacient. 

OLEA'MEN,  Oleamrn'tum.  Any  soft  oint- 
ment prepared  of  oil. — Scribonius. 

OLEANDER, Rhododendron  chrysanthemum. 

OLECRANON,  or  OLECRANON,  Olcc'- 
ranum;  from  wltrri,  'the  elbow,7  and  y.oavov, 
'the  head,'  Acrole'nion,  Additamen'tum  need  turn, 
.Incon,  Proces'sus  anconeus,  Glans  seu  Coro'na 
seu  Coro'na  posterior  seu  Additamentum  unca'- 
turn  Ulna?,  Vertex  Cu'biti,  Patella  fixa,  Top  of 
the  cubit-  Head  or  projection  of  the  elbow.  A 
large  process  at  the  upper  extremity  of  the 
ulna,  on  which  we  lean.  When  this  process  is 
fractured,  it  is  apt  to  be  drawn  up  by  the  tri- 
ceps; and  much  care  is  required  to  keep  the 
parts  in  apposition. 

OLECRANARTHROC'ACE,  from  mXtvv, 
'the  elbow,'  xquvov,  'the  head,'  and  arthrocace 
(q.  v.)  A  name  given  by  Rust  to  inflammation 
of  the  articular  surfaces  of  the  elbow. 

OLENE.  Ulna. 

OLEO  CERATUM  AQUA  SUBACTUM, 
Ceratum  Galeni. 

OLEO-SACCHARUM,  Elceo-saccharum. 

OLETTE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  At 
Olette,  in  the  department  Pyrenees  Orientales, 
is  a  thermal  spring,  which  raises  the  thermo- 
meter to  190°Fahr.    It  is  the  hottest  in  France. 

OLEUM,  Oil — o.  Abietis,  see  Pinus  picea — 
o.  Absinthii,  Artemisia  absinthium,  (oil  of) — o. 
Acusticum,  Huile  acouslique. 

Oledih  iEthk'reum,  JEtheJreal  oil,  (formed 
in  the  distillation  of  ether,)  Oleum  vim,  Oil  of 
trine,  (F.)  Huile  douce  de  tin.  A  peculiar  olea- 
ginous matter,  obtained  by  continuing  the  dis- 
tillation, after  the  whole  of  the  sulphuric  ether 
has  passed  over,  in  the  process  for  the  prepara- 
tion of  the  latter.  It  is  used  only  as  an  ingre- 
dient in  the  compound  spirit  of  ether. 

Olkum  Ammoniatum,  Linimentum  ammonite 
fortius. 

Oleum  Amyodala'rum,  Oleum  amyg'dnl[e, 
Oil  of  Jllmonds,  (F.)  Huile  d'amandes.  (Ex- 
pressed from  both  siceet  and  bitter  almonds, 
{Amygdala*  com  minis.)  §xvj  of  almonds  yield 
~v  of  oil.)  It  is  inodorous,  insipid,  and  of  a 
pale  straw-colour,  and  is  employed  as  a  demul- 
cent and  emollient. 

Olkum  Anacardii,  see  Anacardium  occiden- 
tal. 

Oleum  Anima'le,  An'imal oil,  (F.)  Huile  ani- 
mate.   An  oil,  obtained  by  the  decomposition 


of  the  immediate  principles  of  animals,  subject- 
ed to  the  action  of  heat.  It  is  fetid,  and  always 
contains  a  certain  quantity  of  subcarbonate  of 
ammonia.  See  Olea  Empyreumalica.  The 
name,  animal  oil,  is  sometimes  also  given  to 
the  fat  contained  in  the  fatty  vesicles.  The 
composition  of  this  fat  does  not,  indeed,  differ 
from  that  of  the  fixed  oils. 

Oleum  Anima'lb  Djppe'lh,  or  Animal  oil  of 
Dippel,  Oleum  cornu  cervi,  0.  C-  C.  rcctifica'- 
tum,  Animal  oil,  Dippel's  oil,  Oleum  pyro- 
anima'le  depura'tum,  0.  anima'le.  xthe'reum,  Py~ 
ro'leum  os'sium  red  ijica' turn,  (F.)  Huile  animak 
de  Dippel,  Huile  de  come  de  cerf,  is  obtained  by 
distilling  animal  matters,  especially  hartshorn, 
on  the  naked  fire.  The  subcarbonate  of  am- 
monia, which  it  contains,  renders  it  partly 
soluble  in  water,  and  communicates  to  it  its 
stimulant  properties  for  which  it  is  used  in  me- 
dicine.    It  is  employed  as  an  antispasmodic. 

Oleum  Anima'le  Empyreumat'icum  Cha- 
ber'ti,  0.  Empyreumat'icum  Chalier'ti,  Empyrcu- 
mafic  oil  of  Chabai,  Oil  of  Chuhert,  is  made  by 
adding  one  part  of  animal  oil  to  three  parts  of 
oil  of  turpentine,  leaving  them  to  combine  for 
four  days,  and  then  distilling  three  parts.  An 
effective  anthelmintic.  Dose,  a  teaspoonful 
three  times  a  day. 

Oleum  Animaliza'tum  per  Infusio'nem,  (F.) 
Huile  animalisee  par  infusion,  Huile  aromatique, 
H.  de  petits  chiens.  A  preparation,  formerly 
esteemed  tonic  and  cephalic.  It  was  obtained 
by  boiling  new-born  puppies  in  oil,  first  de- 
priving them  of  their  blood,  skin,  and  intes- 
tines. When  the  decoction  was  cold,  origa- 
num, thyme,  pennyroyal,  St.  John's-wort,  and 
marjoram  were  added. 

Oleum  Anisi,  see  Pimpinella  anisum  —  o. 
Balaninum,  Guilandina  moringa  (oleum) — o. 
Balsami,  see  Amyris  opobalsarnum. 

Oleum  Benzo'ini,  Oil  of  Benzoin  or  Benja- 
min. An  oil  obtained  by  heating,  in  a  sand 
bath,  the  matter  which  remains  after  benzoic 
acid  has  been  separated  from  benzoin  by  the  aid 
of  heat.  It  has  been  regarded  as  balsamic  and 
sudorific. 

Oleum  Brrgamii,  see  Bergamote. 

Oleum  Bu'bulum,  JYeats-foot  oil.  The  oil 
prepared  from  the  bones  of  Bos  Dontesticus.  It 
is  obtained  by  boiling  in  water  for  a  long  time 
the  feet  of  the  ox,  previously  deprived  of  the 
hoof.  It  is  introduced  into  the  officinal  list 
of  the  Ph.  U.  S.  as  an  ingredient  of  the  ointment 
of  nitrate  of  mercury. 

Oleum  Cacao  Spissatum,  Butter  of  cacao — 
o.  Cajnputi,  Caieput  (oil) — o.  Camphoratum, 
Linimentum  camphora — o.  Cari  sen  Carui,Ca- 
rum  (oleum  ) — o.  Caryophylli,  see  Eugenia  ca- 
rjophyllata. 

Oleum  Ced'rinum,  Essentia  de  cedro,  (F.) 
Huile  de  eddrat.  The  oil  of  the  peel  of  citrons, 
obtained  in  Italy  in  a  particular  manner,  without 
distillation. 

Oleum  Chaberti,  O.  animale  empyreumati- 
cum  Chaberti. 

Oleum  Chenctpodii,  see  Chenopodium  An- 
thelminticum —  o.  Cicinum,  see  Ricinus  com- 
munis— o.Cinnamomi,see  La  urns  Ci  tin  a  mom  um 
— o.  Cornu  cervi,  O.  animale  Dippelii — o.  Cu- 
beba3,  see  Piper  Cubeba; — o.  Euphorbia  Lathy- 
ridis,  see  Euphorbia  Lathyris — o.  Fixum  nucutn 
cocos  bntyracese,  see  Cocos  butyracea — o.  Fce- 
niculi,  see  Anethum— o.  Gabianum,  Petrolatum 


OLEUM  JECORIS  ASELLI 


530 


OLIBANUM 


— o.  Gallinoe,  Alkale— o.  Gaultherise,  see  Gaul- 
theria— o.  Hedeomse,  see  Hedeoma  pulegioidis 
— o.  Hyperici,  see  Hypericum  perforatum. 

Oleum  Jec'ouis  Aselli,  0.  Mor'rhusc,  O.Jec- 
ino'ris  Aselli,  Codliver  Oil,  (F.)  Huilc  de  morue. 
The  animal  oil,  which  appears  under  this  name 
in  commerce,  is  obtained  from  several  of  the 
species  belonging  to  the  genus  Gadus.  The 
clearest  sorts  are  generally  used.  It  appears  to 
have  no  sensible  effects  upon  the  economy;  but 
has  been  given  in  strumous  affections,  rheu- 
matism, chroniccutaneous diseases, and  tumours 
of  the  mammas.  The  dose  for  an  adult  is  from 
f.  gij  to  f.  liss. 

Oleum  Juniperi,  see  Juniperis  communis  — 
o.  de  Kerva,  see  Ricinus  communis — o.  Kervi- 
num,  see  Ricinus  communis. 

Oleum  Lauri'num,  Oleum  lauri,  Oil  of  bays. 
An  oil  obtained  from  bayberries,  and  sometimes 
used  in  sprains  and  bruises,  unattended  with 
inflammation. 

Oleum  Laurinum,  Daphneloeon.  Unguentum 
L. — o.  Lavendulffi,  see  Lavendula — o.  Lentisci- 
num,  Schinelaeon — o.  Limonis,  see  Citrus  me- 
dica — o.  Lini,  see  Linum  usitatissimum — o.  Lini 
cum  calce,  Linimentum  aquae  calcis. 

Oleum  Lucii  Piscis,  Oil  of  Pike-  From  the 
liver  of  the  Esnx  lucius  an  oil  is  spontaneously 
separated,  which  is  used,  in  some  countries,  to 
destroy  specks  on  the  cornea. 

Oleum  Malabathri,  see  Malabathrum — o. 
Marias,  see  Fagara  octandra — o.  Melaleuca  leu- 
codendri,  Caieput  (oil) — o.  Mentha?  piperita?, 
see  Mentha  piperita — o.  Mentha?  viridis,  Men- 
tha viridis — o.  Monardee,  Monarda  punctata — o. 
Morrhuas,  O.  jecoris  aselli. 

Oleum  e  Mucilagin'ibus,  Oil  of  Mu'cilages. 
(Rad.  althsese  rec.  fljss,  sem.  lini,  seia.  fecnugrseci 
aa  §iij,  aqux  Oij.  Boil  for  half  an  hour,  add  ol. 
oliv.  Oiv.  Continue  boiling  till  the  water  is  nearly 
consumed,  and  pour  off  the  oil.)     Emollient. 

Oleum  Myristics:,  see  Myristica  moschata 
— o.  Neroli,  see  Citrus  aurantium. 

Oleum  Oli'v/e,  O.  oliva'rum,  Olive  oil,  Salad 
oil.  An  inodorous,  insipid, and  transparent  oil; 
obtained  by  expression  from  the  olive,  when 
ripe.  It  is  demulcent  and  emollient, — possess- 
ing the  qualities  of  the  fixed  oils  in  general. 

An  inferior  kind,  obtained  by  boiling  the 
olives  in  water,  and  skimming  the  oil  from  the 
surface  is  also  used  in  Pharmacy.  See  Olea 
Europsea. 

Oleum  Omphacinum,  Omotribes — o.  Origani, 
see  Origanum — o.  Oxydi  cupri  viride,  Balsatn, 
green,  of  Metz — o.  Falma?,  see  Cocos  butvracea 
— -o.  Palmae  liquidum,  see  Ricinus  communis, — 
o.  Petras,  Petrolatum — o.  Petrae  album,  Naphtha 
— o.  Picinum,  Brutia,  Pissela?um — o.  Pimentae, 
see  Myrtus  pimenta — o.  Pini  purissimum,  O. 
terebinthinae  rectificatum — o.  Pulegii,  see  Men- 
tha pulegium — o.  Pyro-animale,  O.  animale  Dip- 
pelii — o.  Ricini,  see  Ricinus  communis — o. Rosae, 
see  Rosa  centifolia — o.  Rutaceum,  Peganela?on 
— o.  Rosmarini,  see  Rosmarinus — o.  Ruta?,  see 
Ruta  —  o.  Sabinae,  see  Juniperus  Sabina — o. 
Sassafras,  see  Laurus  Sassafras — o.  Sesami,  see 
Sesamum  orientate — o.  Sinapis,  see  Sinapis — 
o.  Spicae  vulgaris,  0.  terebinthinae — o.  Succini, 
see  Succinum — o.  Succini  rectificatum,  see  Suc- 
cinum. 

Oleum  Sulphura'tum,  Dal'samum  svlph'uris 
simplex.  Sulphurated  oil.  (Sulphur.  Int.  ^ij, 
olivx  olei  Ibj.     Heal  the  oil  in  a  large  iron  pot, 


and  throw  in  the  sulphur  by  degrees;  stirring 
the  mixture  after  each  addition  till  they  unite.) 
It  is  stimulating,  and  was  formerly  much  used 
in  coughs,  asthma,  &c,  and,  externally,  to  foul 
ulcers. 

Oleum  Tartari  peti  Deliquium,  Liquor  po- 
tassa?  subcarbonatis — o.  Templinum,  see  Pinus 
mughos. 

Oleum  Teherin'thin^:,  Oil  of  Turpentine. 
The  volatile  oil  of  the  juice  of  Pinus  pilustris, 
and  other  species  of  Pinus. 

Oleum  Terebin'thi  ft m  Rectifica'tum, 
Oleum  pini  puris'simum,  Rectified  oil  of  turpen- 
tine, Oleum  tcrcbin'  thinx  setlie'rewn,  Sp.  of  tur- 
pentine. Common  oil  of  turpentine  is  also  called 
Common  oil  of  spike.  Oleum  spicx  vulga'ri. 
(Olei  terebinth.  Oj,  aqua  Oiv.  Distil  over  the 
oil.)  It  is  stimulant,  diuretic,  anthelmintic,  and 
rubefacient.     Dose,  ^ss  to  ^j 

Guestonian  embrocation  for  Rheumatism  con- 
sists of  ol  terebinth,  ol.  oliv.  aa  §iss,  acid  sulph. 
dil.  Ziij. 

Oi.eum  TheobromjE  Cacao  Expressum,  But- 
ter of  cacao — o.  Tiglii,  Croton  tiglium — o.  Vini, 
O.  aelherenm — o.  Vitrioli,  Sulphuric  acid. 

OLFACTION,  Olfachts,  from  olfactere,  for 
odefacere,  (odor,  and  farere,)  Osphre'sis,  Oclura'tio, 
Odora'lus,  Sense  of  smell,  Smelling,  (F.)  Odorat. 
The  sense  by  which  we  perceive  the  impres- 
sions made  on  the  olfactory  nerves  by  the 
odorous  particles  suspended  in  the  atmosphere. 
The  olfactory  nerve,  or  1  st  pair,  has  usually  been 
considered  the  great  nerve  of  smell;  and  it  is 
probably  the  nerve  of  special  sensibility,  general 
sensibility  being  communicated  by  the  branches 
of  the  5th  pair,  distributed  on  the  pituitary  mem- 
brane of  the  nose  and  sinuses. 

OLFACTORY,  Olfacti'vus,  Olfacln'rius,  Os- 
phran'ticos,  from  olfactus,  'the  smell.'  That 
which  belongs  or  relates  to  the  sense  of  smell. 

Olfac'tory  Foram'ina,  (F.)  Trous  olfactifs, 
are  the  holes  in  the  cribriform  plate  of  the 
ethmoid  bone,  through  which  the  olfactory 
nerve  passes. 

Olfac'tory  Nerves,  Ethmoid'nl  nerves,  (Ch.) 
Par  primum  JVerco'rum  cer'ebri,Nervi  odorato'rii, 
Proces'sus  mamilla'res,  Processus  mamillares 
ccr'ebii  ad  nares,  P.  papilla' res,  Carun'culx  ma- 
milla'res,— the  first  pair  of  encephul'ic  nerves. 
This  nerve,  which  probably  arises  from  the  me- 
dulla oblongata,  is  observed  to  leave  the  brain, 
opposite  the  inner  part  of  the  fissure  of  Sylvius, 
by  three  roots;  which,  by  their  union,  form  a 
triangular  knot  or  expansion.  When  it  reaches 
the  ethmoid  fossa  it  expands  and  forms  a  trian- 
gular ganglion,  or  grayish,  soft  bulb,  which  fur- 
nishes, from  its  inferior  surface,  the  branches 
that  have  to  be  distributed  to  the  nasal  fossa;. 
These  filaments  are  very  numerous:  they  pass 
through  the  foramina  in  the  cribriform  plate 
and  enter  the  nasal  fossa;.  They  are  distin- 
guished into  the  internal,  external,  and  middle. 
The  former  are  distributed  over  the  mucous 
membrane,  covering  the  outer  paries  of  the 
nasal  fossa;;  the  second  descend  upon  the  sep- 
tum, and  the  third  are  lost,  almost  immediately, 
on  the  portion  of  the  pituitary  membrane,  that 
lines  the  vault  of  the  fossae. 

OLFACTUS  ACUTUS,  Hyperosphresia— 
o.  Amissio,  Anosmia — o.  Deficiens,  Anosmia — 
o.  Depravatns,  Parosmia. 

OLIBANUM,  see  Juniperus  lycia— o.  Vul- 
gare,  see  Pinus  abies. 


OLIGEMIA 


531     OMPHALOMESENTERIC  VESSELS 


OT JGiEMIA,  Anremia,  Haamaporia,  Hypnemia. 

OLIGOBLEN'NIA,  from  oXiyog,  'few,'  and 
(SXtvvx,  'mucus.'     A  deficiency  of  mucus. 

OLIGOCHOLIA,  from  oiiyog,  'few,'  and 
/oA>;,  'bile.'  Paucity  of  bile. 
'  OLIGOCH'YLUS,  from  oXtyog,  'little,'  and 
/vXog,  'juice,'  'chyle.'  An  epithet  for  food 
which  is  but  little  nutritive;  which  furnishes 
little  chyle. 

OLIGOCOP'RIA,  from  ojl.yos,  Tew,'  and 
y.o.ivos,  'excrement.'  Scantiness  of  alvine 
evacuations. 

OLIGOGALIA,  Agalaxis. 

OLIGOPO'SIA,  from  oAtyas,  'little,'  and 
neo-tg,  'drink.'  Diminution  in  the  quantity  of 
drinks. 

OLIGOSPOND'YLUS;  from  o\iYog,  Tew,' 
'small,'  and  oTrorSufcc,  'a  vertebra.'  A  mon- 
ster with  defective  vertebra;. — Gurlt. 

OLIGOTROPHIA,  Parcior  nvtriiio;  from 
tXtyog,  'litlle,'  and  t(je<j>co,  'I  nourish.'  Deficient 
nourishment. 

OLISTHEMA,  Luxation. 

OLIVA,  Olea  Europaea. 

OLIVARIS,  Olive-shaped. 

OLIVARY,  Olive-shaped. 

OLIVE,  see  Olea  Europeea — o.  Tree,  Olea 
Europaea. 

OLIVES,  PICKLED,  Colymbades. 

OLIVE-SHAPED,  Oliva'ris,  Olivifor'mis, 
Olivary,  from  oliva^&n  olive.'  Resembling  an 
olive.     (See  Corpora  olivaria.) 

OLIVAIRE,  CrfUTERE,  of  the  French  sur- 
geons, is  a  cautery  whose  extremity  is  termi- 
nated by  a  button,  having  the  shape  of  an  olive. 

OLIVARY  PROCESS,  Proces'sus  Oliva'ris, 
is  a  small  ridge,  running  transversely  between, 
and  a  little  behind,  the  roots  of  the  anterior  cli- 
noid  processes  of  the  sphenoid  bone,  and  by 
some  considered  as  a  4th  clinoid  process. 

OLIVIER,  Olea  Europsea. 

OLM1TELLO,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
A  thermal  spring  in  the  isle  of  Ischia.  Tem- 
perature. 100°  Fahrenheit. 

OLOPHLYCTIDE,  Herpes. 

OLOPHO'NIA,  from  o/Uw,  oX.Xvw,  'I  loose,'  and 
90)1?;,  'voice.'  Congenital  misconstruction  of 
the  vocal  organs. —  Good. 

Olophonia  Labii  Lobata,  Harelip — o.  Lin- 
guae frosnata,  see  Ankyloglossum. 

OM'AGRA,  Horn'ncrra,  from  m/zog,  'the 
shoulder,'  and  ttyoa.,  'a  seizure.'  Gout  in  the 
shoulder. 

OMA'SUM,  Omasus,  Munyplies.  The  third 
stomach  of  ruminant  animals. 

OMBILIC,  Umbilicus. 

OMBILICALE,  Umbilical. 

OMBRJIGE,  Nebula. 

OMENTA,  .Men i noes. 

OMENTESIS,  Epiploitis. 

OMENTITIS,  Epiploitis. 

OMENTUM,  Epiploon— o.  Colicum,  Epi- 
ploon, colic — o.  Gastro-colicum,  Epiploon,  gas- 
trocolic— o.  Gastro-splenic,  Epiploon,  gastro- 
splenic — o.  Great,  Epiploon,  gastro-coTic— o. 
Hepalo-gastricum,  Epiploon,  gastro-hepatic — o. 
Lesser,  Epiploon, gastro-hepatic — o.  Majus,  Epi- 
ploon, gastro  colic — o.  Minus,  Epiploon,  gastro- 
hepatic — o.  Ossium,  Periosteum — o.  Third,  Epi- 
ploon, colic. 

OMMA,  Eye. 

OMNIPHAGUS,  Omnivorous. 

OMK1VORE,  Omnivorous. 


OMNIVOROUS,  Omnivorvs,  Omniph'agus, 
Pantnph'agus,  (F.)  Omnivore,  from  omnis,  'all,' 
and  voro,  'I  eat.'  An  epithet  for  animals  which 
eat  every  kind  of  food, — animal  or  vegetable. 

OMO-CLAVICULAR.  see  Coraco-davicular. 

OMOCOTYLE,  see  Glene. 

OMO-HYOIDE'US,  Cor'aco.hyoide'vs,  Scapula- 
liyouli.cn,  Omo-hyoidien,  Omoplat-hymdien,  Hyo'i- 
dis  Quartus  Mus' cuius.  This  muscle  is  situate, 
obliquely,  at  the  sides  and  front  of  the  neck. 
It  is  slender,  lono-,  and  flat.  It  arises  from  the 
superior  costa  of  the  scapula,  near  the  semi- 
lunar notch,  and  from  the  ligament  that  runs 
across  it,  and  is  inserted  at  the  sides  of  the  in- 
ferior margin  of  the  body  of  the  os  hyoides.  It 
consists  of  two  fasciculi,  united  by  a  common 
tendon,  and  is  a  true  digastric  muscle.  It  de- 
presses the  os  hyoides,  carrying  it  a  little  back- 
wards, and  to  one  side,  except  when  it  acts  with 
its  fellow,  when  the  bone  is  depressed,  and 
drawn  obliquely  backwards. 

OMOPLATE,  Scapula— o.  Col  de  /',  Collum 
scapulas. 

OMOPLA THYOIDIEX,  Omo-byoideus. 

OMOS,  Humerus. 

OMOTARICHOS,  from  o^o?,  'the  shoulder,' 
and  laoi/s;,  'pickled.'  Salsa  men' Uim  crvdum  ,- 
Sailed  Tunny  Fish,  in  particular.  Properly,  the 
neck  or  shoulder  piece  of  a  salted  animal.  Once 
much  recommended  against  the  bites  of  vipers, 
and  in  hvdrophobia. 

OMOTOCIA,  Abortion. 

OMOTR1BES,  Omphad'invm  O'leum,  from 
c/^og,  'crude,'  and  toi(Sv),  'I  bruise.'  Oil  ex- 
pressed from  unripe  olives. 

OMPHA'CION,  o/ui(pax.ioy,  from  c/uqazog,  'an 
unripe  grape;' — Succus  uvas  acer'bse,  Omp/ia'- 
cium.  The  juice  of  unripe  grapes.  Also,  Ver- 
juice. 

OMPHACI'TES  (VINUM.)  A  name  given 
to  wine  prepared  from  the  unripe  grape.  Om- 
phaci'tis  is  also  the  name  of  a  small  gall. — 
Dioscorides. 

OMPHACIUM,  Verjuice. 

OMPHACOM'ELI,  from o^ ay.og,  'an  unripe 
grape,'  and  fttki,  'honey.'  A  sort  of  oxymel, 
made  of  the  juice  of  unripe  grapes  and  honey. 

OMPHALELCO'SIS,  from  oy.qaXog,  'the 
navel,'  and  'iKx.o;,  'an  ulcer.'  Ulceration  of  the 
navel. 

OMPHALOCARPUS,  Galium  aparine. 

OMPHALOCELE,  Exomphalos. 

OMPHALOMANTI'A,  from  c^aXog,  'the 
navel,' and  fturrna,  'prophecy.'  A  species  of 
divination,  practised  by  credulous  matrons,  who 
pretend  to  be  able  to  know  the  number  of  chil- 
dren a  female  will  have,  by  the  number  of  knots 
in  the  navel  strinor  of  the  child. 

OMPHALO-MESERAIC,  Omphalo-mesen 
teric. 

OMPHALOMESENTERIC,  Omp/Wo-meserc- 
tcr'icus,  Om' phalo-mesara'icus ;  from  ofAQuXog, 
'the  navel,'  and  mesenterium,  'the  mesentery.' 

Omphalomesenteric  Vessels,  Vitello-mc- 
senteric,  Vitelline  vessels.  Haller  gave  this  name 
to  two  very  fine  vessels,  which  spread  their 
ramifications  on  the  parietes  of  the  umbilical 
vesicle.  There  is  an  ompkalo-mesenteric  artery 
and  vein.  The  omphalomesenteric  artery  is  a 
branch  of  the  superior  mesenteric; — the  vein 
empties  itself  into  the  trunk,  or  into  one  of  the 
branches  of  the  superior  mesenteric.  Velpeau 
affirms,  that  they  inosculate  with   a  branch  of 


OMPHALONGUS 


532 


OPALINE 


the  second  or  third  order  of  those  great  vessels, 
with  those  in  particular  that  are  distributed  to 
the  cascuni,  and  he  regards  them  to  be  the  ves- 
sels  of  nutrition  of  the"  umbilical  vesicle.  They 
are  occasionally  met  with  in  Ihe  foetus,  at  the 
full  period,  under  the  form  of  whitish  filaments, 
which  extend  from  the  mesenteric  vessels  to 
the  umbilicus. 

OMPHALONCUS,  Omphalophyma. 

OMPHALOPHY'MA,  Omphalon'cus,  from 
o/uqakos,  'the  navel,'  and  cpu/^a,  'tumour.'  A 
tumefaction  of  the  navel. 

OMPHALORRHA'GIA.  from  o^aJbc,  'the 
umbilicus,'  and  nrjwfti, '  1  break  out.'  Hemor- 
rhage from  the  umbilicus,  in  the  new-born  in 
particular. 

OMPHALOS.  Umbilicus. 

OMPHALOSITE,  from  ™^wc,  'the  navel,' 
and  crirog,  'nourishment.'  A  monster  which 
possesses  an  imperfect  kind  of  life,  that  ceases 
when  the  umbilical  cord  is  divided. 

OMPHALOTOMY,  from  o^/Wo?,  'the  um- 
bilicus,' and  ts/xi'(i>,  'I cut.'  The  division  of  the 
navel  string. 

ONANIA,  Masturbation. 

ONANISM,  Masturbation. 

ONCOS.  Tumour. 

ONCO'SES,  from  oj-xoc,  'a  tumour.'  Tu- 
mours, as  diseases. 

ONCOSIS,  Tumour. 

ONCOT'OMY,  Oncutom'ia,  from  eyxog,  'a 
tumour,'  and  to^?;,  '  incision.'  The  opening  of 
a  tumour  or  abscess  with  a  cutting  instrument. 

ONCTION,  Inunction. 

ONDULATION,  Fluctuation. 

ONEBRRRY.  Paris. 

ONEIROCRIT'ICOS,  from  ovii^oc,  'a  dream,' 
and  ugitptg,  'judgment.'  Qne  who  judges  ac- 
cord in cr  to  d: earns. 

ONEIRODYNIA,  from  oraoog,  'a  dream,' 
and  oSuvtj,  'pain.'  Painful  dreams.  Incubus 
and  Somnambulism  are  oneirodynia? 

Oneirodynia  Activa,  Paroniria,  Somnambu- 
lism— o    Gravans,  Incubus. 

ONEJRODYNIE  GRAV/1TIVE,  Incubus. 

ONEIROG'MOS,  Oneirog'ynS,  Oneiropol'esis, 
from  oifigoc,  'a  dream.'  A  lascivious  dream; — 
pollution,  (q.  v.)  nocturnal  pollution. 

ONEIROGONOS,  Pollution. 

ONEIROMANTrA,from  srtigsc,  'a  dream,' 
and  fi-xrrtia,  'divination.'  The  art  of  divining 
by  dreams;  or  of  interpreting  them. 

ONEIROPOLES1S,  Oneirogmos. 

ONERA  ALVI,  Excrement. 

ONGLE,  Nail. 

ONGLliE,  (F.)  Digito'rum  stupor  a  gelu. 
Painful  numbness  at  the  extremities  of  the  fin- 
gers, caused  by  cold. 

ONGLET,  Pterygion. 

ONGUENT,  Unguentum— o.  (TAlthea,  Un- 
guentuin  de  Althaea — o.  de  Blanc  de  ba/eine,  Un- 
guentum cetacei — o.  Blanc  de  Rhazes,  Unguen- 
tum plurnbi  subcarbonalis — o.  de  Cerusse,  Un- 
guentum plumbi  subcarbonatis — o.  Citrin  contre 
la  gale,  Unguentum  hydraroryri  nilras — o. 
Digestif  simple,  Unguentum  diorstivum  sim- 
plex— o.  Gris,  Uno-uenlum  oxidi  hydrargyri 
cinereum — o  de  Guimauve,  Unguentum  de  al- 
thajfi  —  a.  de  Laurier,  Unguentum  laurinum — o. 
Mercuriel,  Unguentum  hydrargyri — o  Napoli- 
tain,  Unguentum  hydraroryri — o.  de  Nitrate  de 
mcrcure,  Unguentum  hydrargyri  nitratis — o.  de 
Poix  et  de  cire,  Basilicon — o.  de  Soldat,  Martia- 


tum  unguentum — o.  de  Sureau,  Unguentum 
sambuci — o.  de  Tornamira,  Unguentum  plumbi 
subcarbonatis. 

ONION,  COMMON,  Allium  cepa— o.  Sea, 
Scilla. 

ONIS'GUS,  Asel'lus,  Cu'tio,  P  or  eel' Ho.  Di- 
minutive of  ovog,  'a  small  ass.'  A  genus  of  in- 
sects, very  common  in  cellars  and  dark  and 
moist  places. 

Onisci  Asklli,  Millep'edes,  Jiselli,  Millep'edm, 
Wood-lice,  Slaters,  Hog-li.ce,  (F.)  Cloportes  ordi- 
naires,  had,  at  one  time,  a  place  in  the  pharma- 
copoeias. They  were  considered  stimulant  and 
diuretic,  and  useful  in  jaundice. 

ONIT1S,  Orio-anum  dictamnus. 

ONOMATOCLESIS,  Nomenclature. 

ONOMATOLOG1A,  Nomenclature. 

ONONIS  ANTIQUORUM,  0.  spinosa. 

Ononis  Arven'sis,  (F.)  Bugrane  des  champs, 
has  properties  like  the  next. 

Ono'nis  Spino'si,  Resta  bovis,  Jlrres'ta  bucis, 
Rem'ora  Jira'tri,  Ononis  antiquo'rvm,  Rest-hur- 
row,  (F.)  Jtrrete-bamf,  Bugrande  cpincuse,  Bu- 
grane. Nat.  Ord.  Leguminosffi.  Sex.  Syst.  Di- 
adelphia  Decandria.  The  root  of  this  plant 
was  once  used  as  a  diuretic. 

ONOPOR'DIUM  ACAN'THIUM,  Car'duvs 
tomento'sus,  Acan'thium,  Ac'anos,  Cotton  '1'histle. 
(F.)  Chardonavx  Jines.  Family,  Cinarocepha- 
leae.  Sex.  Syst.  Syngenesia  Polygamia  sequalis. 
The  expressed  juice  has  been  recommended  as 
a  cure  for  cancer  applied  externally. 

ONYCHIA,  Paronychia. 

ONYCHOGRYPHO'SIS,  Onychogrypo'sis, 
Onycltogrypto'sis.  from  evvi;,  'the  nail,'  arid 
gryposis,  (q.  v.)  Curvature  of  the  nails;  such 
as  occurs  in  hectic  individuals. 

ONYCHON'OSI,  On ychomi' si,  from  on,;,  'a 
nail,"  and  votoq  . '  a  disease.'  Diseases  of  the  nails, 

O  N  Y  C  H  O  P  H'T  H  O  R  A,  Onychophtho'ria, 
Onycoph1  tkora,  Onycoplilho'ria,  from  ovvi;,  'the 
nail,'  and  tpSoou,  'degeneration.'  A  degenerate 
condition  or  destruction  of  the  nails. 

ONYCHOPHYMA,  from  omg,  'the  nail,' 
and  yvpa,  'a  tumour.'  A  painful  degeneration 
of  the  nails,  which  become  thick,  rough,  and 
crooked.  It  occurs  as  a  symptom  of  syphilis 
and  of  lepra. 

ONYCHOPTOSIS,  from  ovv$,  'a  nail,' and 
moatc,  'fallino-.'     The  faUin<r  off  of  the  nails. 

ONYCOPHTHORA,  Onychophthora. 

ONYX,  Nail,  Pterygion.  Also,  a  collection 
of  purulent  matter  between  the  laminae  of  the 
cornea,  having  the  shape  of  a  nail. 

OOE1DES,  Aqueous  humour. 

OOLOG"IA,  Ocolog"ia,  Oool'ngy,  from  ai>v, 
'an  ovum  or  egg,'  and  Xoyog,  'a  discourse,'  'a 
description.'     A  description  of  the  ovum. 

OON,  Ovum. 

OOPHORITIS,  Ooritis. 

OOPHORON,  Ovary. 

OORITIS,  Oaritis. 

OPACITY,  Opac"itas,  from  opacare,  'to 
obscure.'  Quality  of  that  which  is  opake. 
The  property  possessed  by  some  bodies  of  not 
allowing  the  light  to  traverse  them.  It  is  op- 
posed to  transparency.  Opacity  of  the  cornea 
constitutes  albugo  or  leucoma,- — opacity  of  the 
crystalline  causes  cataract. 

OP'ALINE.  That  which  resembles  the  opal. 
A  fluid  is  said  to  be  opaline,  when  milky,  and 
when  it  presents  an  appearance  more  or  less 
like  that  of  the  opal. 


OPAKE 


533 


OPHTHALMIA 


OPAKE',  Opa'cus.  An  epithet  "given  to 
bodies,  which  do  not  permit  the  passage  of  rays 
of  light.  The  opaque  cornea  is  the  sclerotica, 
in  contradistinction  to  the  transparent  cornea 
or  true  cornea. 

OPERATIO,  Action. 

OPERA'TION,  Opera'tio,  from  opus, '  work.' 
The  application  of  instruments  to  the  human 
body  with  the  view  of  curing  disease.  The  ob- 
ject of  operations  is  generally  to  divide  or  re- 
unite parts,  to  extract  extraneous  or  noxious 
bodies,  and  to  replace  organs  that  are  wanting, 
by  different  instruments  or  artificial  means 
The  principal  operatory  methods  have  been 
called  Synthesis,  Dixresis,  Exxresis,  and  Pro- 
thesis,  (q.  v.)  Frequently,  the  most  difficult 
subject,  connected  with  an  operation,  is  to  de- 
cide when  it  is  absolutely  called  for  or  advisa- 
ble, and  when  improper. 

Operation,  Bilateral,  see  Lithotomy— o. 
Ccsarienne,  Cesarean  section. 

Operation,  Chym'icai.  or  Pharmaceutical, 
is  any  process,  whose  object  is  the  preparation 
of  medicines;  their  combinations  with  each 
other,  analysis,  and  decomposition; — such  are, 
solution,  distillation,  sublimation,  evaporation, 
digestion,  maceration,  infusion,  decoction,  cal- 
cination, &c.  Some  of  these  operations  are  me- 
chanical; others,  really  chymical. 

Operation, High, see  Lithotomy — o.  Lateral, 
see  Lithotomy — o.  Sigaultian,  Symphyseotomy. 

OP'ERATOK.  A  surgeon  who  is  in  the 
habit  of  practising  the  greater  operations.  One 
who  performs  any  operation.  To  be  a  good 
operator,  the  surgeon  must  be  well  acquainted 
with  anatomy,  and  be  possessed  of  strong  nerve. 
See  Surgeon, 

OPERCULUM  ASPERSE  ARTERLE,  La- 
rynx—o.  Ilei,  Bauhin,  valve  of— o.  Cutis,  Epi- 
dermis— o.  Laryngis,  Epiglottis — o.  Oculi,  Pal- 
pebra. 

OPERIMENTUM  PR.ETENSUM  ABDO- 
MEN'IS.  Peritonaeum. 

OPHIASIS,  Calvities,Porrigo  decalvans. 

OPHIOGLOS'SUM  VULGA'TUM,  Echin- 
on-los'sa/n,  Lingua  serpenta'ria,  Adder's  Tongue. 
(b\)  Langue  de  Serpent.  Family,  Filicoideaj. 
fScx.  Syst.  Cryptogamia.  This  plant  was  for- 
merly considered  to  be  vulnerary. 

OPHIOPH'AGUS,  from  o<pic,  'a  serpent,' 
and  <payv>,  'I  eat.'  An  epithet  for  animals, 
which  teed  on  serpents.  IJliny  has  called  cer- 
tain African  tribes  by  this  name. 

OPHIORRHI'ZA  MUlMGOS,  from  «p,g,  'a 
serpent,'  and  ^itn,  'root.'  Family,  Gentianeis 
Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria  Digynia.  The  name  of 
the  plant  whose  root  lias  been  called  Radix 
Serpen' turn,  Mungos  Radix.  The  bitter  root  is 
much  esteemed  in  Java,  Sumatra,  &c.  for  pre- 
venting the  eifects  that  usually  follow  the  bite 
of  the  naja,  a  venomous  serpent;  with  which 
view  it  is  eaten  by  the  natives.  It  is,  also,  a 
reputed  anthelmintic. 

OPHIOX'YLUM,  from  09,?,  'a  serpent,'  and 
'-•j?.or, '  wood.'     Serpentine-wood  plant. 

Ophioxylum  Seiipenti'num,  Acawe'ria,  Lig- 
num serpen! 'turn ,  has  also  been  recommended  in 
the  bites  of  serpents,  and  in  intermittents.  It 
is  said  to  be  very  bitter. 

OPHIS,  Serpent. 

OPHITES,  from  o<pi$, ' a  serpent,'  Serpenti'- 
nus,  Serpcn'tinc  or  Black  Por'phyry.    This  rock 


was,  formerly,  worn  as  an  amulet  to  cure  dis- 
eases of  the  head. 

OPHROSTAPHYLON,  Bryonia  alba. 
OPHRYS.  Supercilium. 
OPHTHALMALGIA,  from  e<p#*;.,(OS,  « the 
eye,'  and  aXyoc,  '  pain.'     Pain  in  the  eye. 

OPHTHAL'MIA,  Ophthalmitis,  from  »<pda\- 
/uo?,  'the  eye.'  Oculo'rum  inflammaftio,  Cauma 
ophthalmitis,  Ophlhalmopo'nia,  Inflammation  of 
the  Eye,  Ophlhalmy,  (F.)  Ophthulmie,  Ophihal- 
mite,  Inflammation  de  Vail,  Catarrhc  oculaire. 
Three  great  varieties  of  ophthalmia,  indepen- 
dently of  the  acute  and  chronic  (which  condi- 
tions occur  in  all  inflammations,)  may  be  reck- 
oned:— the  Ophthalmia  mr.mbrnnarum,  O.puru- 
lenta,  and  0.  tarsi.  The  first  is  characterized 
by  the  geneial  symptoms  of  ophthalmia; — pain 
and  redness  of  the  eye  or  its  appendants  :  with 
intolerance  of  light,  and  unusual  flow  of  tears; 
the  inflammation  being  seated  chieflv  in  the 
coats  of  the  eyeball.  It  is  the  Ophthalmia  ta- 
rax'is,  Conjunct  ivi'tis,  Inflamma'tio  conjuncti- 
vas, Catarr'hnl  ophthalmia,  Ophthalmo-conjune- 
tivitis,  O.  hn'mida,  O.  vera.  Epiph'ora  (Galen,) 
Conjunctival  Ophthal'mia,  Tararis,  (Paulus  of 
Mgma,)Chemo'sis  (Aetius,)  O.Chemosis,  Lach'- 
rymosc  Ophthalmia,  (F.)  Conjonctivite,  Inflam- 
mation de  la  conjonctive.  In  the  second — Oph- 
thalmia purulen'ta,  Blennophthal'mia,  Bkph'aro- 
hlennorrhafa,  Ophlhabnoblennorrhaa,  Blennor- 
rhaa  oculi — the  internal  surface  of  the  palpebral 
associates  in  the  inflammation  of  the  eyeball ; 
and  there  is  a  copious  secretion  of  a  purulent 
fluid.  An  epidemic  and  contagious  (?)  variety 
of  this  is  the  JEgyptian  Ophthalmia,  Ophthal- 
mia epidem'ica,  O.purvlen'ta  ipidtm'ica,  0.  con- 
tagiosa, O.  bellica,  0.  Asiat'ica,  Blennorrha-'a 
Oculi  JEgypiiaca,  Ophthulmie  pur  if  or  me  de.s  nou- 
veau-nes, — called  Egyptian,  from  its  prevalence 
in  Egypt  during  the  British  Expedition  under 
Sir  Ralph  Abercromby.  The  inflammation, 
here  is  rapid  and  destructive;  granulations 
shoot  from  the  tunica  conjunctiva,  and  occa- 
sionally there  is  intolerable  pain,  often  suc- 
ceeded by  delirium.  In  newborn  children,  a 
species  of  purulent  ophthalmia,  0.  purnlen'ta 
infan'tum,  O.  neonato'rum,  Btephai  ophthal'mia 
neonato'rum,  Lippitu'do  neonato'rum,  Blennor- 
rhea, Oc'uli  neonato'rum.,  in  which  the  palpebral 
are  florid  and  peculiarly  tumid,  is  by  no  means 
uncommon.  It  seems  to  be  caused  by  acrid 
discharges  from  the  mother,  applied  to  the  eye 
of  the  infant  during  its  exit;  or  to  the  stimulus 
of  the  light,  when  the  child  first  opens  its  eyes. 
A  severe  form  of  purulent  ophthalmia*—  Hi/per- 
conjonctivite  (Piony) — is  produced  by  the  ap- 
plication of  gonorrheal  matter  to  the  eye.  It  is 
the  Ophthalmia  gonorrho'ica,  Blennorrhea  oculi 
gonorrho'ica,  Conjunctivitis  bknnorrha! gica ,  C. 
gonorrho'ica,  Gonorrha-'al  Ophthal'mia,  (F.)  Oph- 
thalmic blcnnorrhagiquc,  Conjonctivitc  blrnnor- 
rhagique. 

Ophthalmia  is  likewise  modified  by  the  con- 
dition of  the  constitution,  and  hence  we  have 
strumous,  variolous  and  other  inflammations  of 
the  conjunctiva. 

The  third  variety— the  Ophthalmia  Tarsi,  Bit- 
pkarophthafmia,  Blepharolis,  Blepharoti'tis,  Ble- 
phari  lis,Psorophthal'mia,  0.  glulino'sa,  Ocvli  pal- 
pebrarum scabies  prurigino'sa,  Adenophthalmia 
— is  seated  chiefly  in  the  tarsus;  the  sebaceous 
crypts  secreting  a  viscid  and  acrid  fluid,  that 
glues  and  ulcerates  its  edges,  and  irritates  the  eye. 


OPHTHALMIA,  .EGYPTIAN 


534 


OPHTHALMORRHAGIA 


■Ophthalmia  Membranarum,  when  slight,  re- 
quires little  treatment:  the  antiphlogistic  regi- 
men— and,  particularly,  avoiding  exposure  to 
light,— being  all  that  is  necessary.  When  more 
severe,  along  with  this,  general  and  local  blood- 
letting, especially  by  leeches  to  the  sides  of  the 
septum  narium,  must  be  employed,  so  as  to 
make  a  decided  impression  on  the  system ; 
with  nauseating  doses  of  antimony,  purgatives, 
blisters  (at  some  distance  from  the  organ,)  re- 
frigerants; and  astringents,  cold  or  warm,  ac- 
cording to  circumstances,  to  the  eye.  In  Puru- 
lent Opldhulmy,  these  measures  must  be  still 
more  actively  employed,  otherwise  disorganiza- 
tion will  speedily  follow: — the  granulations, 
which  form  on  the  adnata  of  the  eyelids,  may 
be  removed  with  the  scissors,  and  the  sore 
touched  with  a  solution  of  alum.  Ophthalmia 
Tarsi  must  be  treated  on  general  principles, 
when  severe.  It  usually,  however,  requires 
merely  the  antiphlogistic  regimen,  with  the  oc- 
casional use,  especially  at  night,  of  a  slightly 
stimulaling  ointment;  such  as  the  unguentum 
hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydi,  considerably  reduced 
with  lard.  The  ointment  prevents  the  eyelids 
from  being  glued  together  during  the  night,  and 
thus  obviates  the  irritation  caused  by  attempts 
at  separating  them. 

Ophthalmia,  .(Egyptian,  see  Ophthalmia — 
o.  Asiatica,  see  Ophthalmia  —  o.  Bellica,  see 
Ophthalmia — o.  Catarrhal,  see  Ophthalmia — o 
Chronica,  Lippitudo — o.  Conjunctival,  see  Oph- 
thalmia— o. Contagiosa,  see  Ophthalmia — o.  Epi- 
demica,  see  Ophthalmia — o. Glulinosa,  see  Oph- 
thalmia— o.  Gonorrhoea,  see  Ophthalmia — o. 
Gonorrhosal,  see  Ophthalmia — o.  Humida,  see 
Ophthalmia — o.  Lachrymose,  see  Ophthalmia 
— o.  Membranarum,  see  Ophthalmia — o.  Neona- 
torum, see  Ophthalmia — o.  Phlyctenular,  O. 
strumous — o  Purulenta,  see  Ophthalmia--o. 
Purulentaepidemica.see  Ophthalmia — o.  Puru- 
lenta infantum,  see  Ophthalmia — o.  Rheumatic, 
Sclerotitis — o.  Sicca,  Xerophthalmia — o.Taraxis, 
see  Ophthalmia — o.  Tarsi,  see  Ophthalmia— o 
Varicose,  Cirsophthalmia— o.  Vera,  see  Oph- 
thalmia. 

OPHTHALMIATER,  Oculist. 

OP HTIIAL'MIC,  Ophthnl'micus.  from  o<p&*X- 
fjiog,  'the  eye.'  That  which  relates  or  belongs 
to  the  eye. 

Ophthalmic  Arterv,  A.orbitaire,  (Ch.)  arises 
from  the  internal  carotid,  and  issues  from  the 
cranium  by  the  foramen  opticum.  At  first,  it 
is  situate  at  the  outer  and  lower  side  of  the  op- 
tic nerve,  but  ascends  above  this  nerve,  and 
passes  towards  the  inner  angle  of  the  orbit.  It 
furnishes,  in  its  course,  the  lachrymal,  centralis 
retina:,  infra  orbilurs,  ciliaries,  anterior  ciliaries, 
inferior  and  svpcriur  mnsculars,  anterior  and 
posterior  ethmoidals,  and  superior  and  inferior 
palpebrals.  After  having  given  off  these,  it  di- 
vides into  two  branches — the  frontal  and  nasal, 
which  furnish  a  number  of  ramifications, — some 
superficial,  others  deep  sealed. 

Ophthal'mic  Ganglion,  Lentic'ular  G.,  G. 
orbitaire,  (Ch.)  is  one  of  the  smallest  ganglions 
of  the  body.  It  is  situate  at  the  outer  side  of 
the  optic  nerve  near  the  bottom  of  the  orbit;  is 
irreculaily  quadrilateral  and  flat:  its  colour  be- 
ing of  a  reddish  gray.  Behind,  it  communi- 
cates by  its  posterior  angles— by  means  of  ner- 
vous filaments — with  the  nasal  nerve  of  the 
ophthalmic  and  the  motor  oculi.     Each  of  its 


anterior  angles  furnishes  a  fasciculus  of  small 
nerves.     These  are  the  ciliary  nerves. 

Ophthalmic  Nerve,  or  Ophthalmic  Nerve  of 
Willis,  0  /  bit  o  frontal,  (Ch.)  is  the  smallest  and 
first  of  the  three  branches  given  off  by  the  5lli 
pair.  It  proceeds  along  the  external  paries  of 
the  cavernous  sinus,  and  enters  the  orbit  by 
the  sphenoidal  fissure.  It  divides  into  three 
branches:  one,  external — the  lachrymal  nerve; 
another,  superior — frontal  nerve,  and  the  last, 
internal — the  nasal  nerve.  See  Lachrymal, 
Frontal,  Nasal. 

Ophthalmic  or  Optic  Remedy,  (F.)  Topiquc 
opl'tltalmi'juc,  is  a  medicine  employed  in  oph- 
thalmia. 

Ophthalmic  Vein  has  the  same  arrange- 
ment as  the  artery,  which  it  accompanies  in  all 
its  divisions.  It  issues  from  the  orbit  at  the 
inner  part  of  the  sphenoidal  fissure,  and  dis- 
charges its  blood  into  the  cavernous  sinus. 

The  name  Facial  Ophthalmic  has  been  given 
to  the  branch  by  which  the  facial  vein  com- 
municates with  the  ophthalmic. 

OPHTHALMICA,  Euphrasia  officinalis. 
OPHTHALMIC1  EXTERNI,  Motores  ocu- 
lorum. 

OPHTHALMIE  PURIFORME  DBS  NOU- 
VEAU-NES,  see  Ophthalmia — o.  Blcnnorrka- 
aii/ue,  see  Ophthalmia. 

OPIITHALMITE.  Ophthalmia. 
OPHTHALMITIS,  Ophthalmia.     This  term 
is  occasionally  restricted  to  inflammation  of  the 
globe  of  the  eye,  in  which  both  the  external 
and  internal  structures  are  involved. 

OPHTHALMOBLENNORRHEA,  Oph- 
thalmia (purulent.) 

OPHTHALMO-CARCINO'MA,  from  e?- 
■9aH^oc,  'the  eye,'  and  jcayxiiojita,  'cancer.' 
Cancer  of  the  eye. 

OPHTHALMOCELE,  Exophthalmia. 
OPHTHALMODYNIA,  from  ^9a).^c, 
'  the  eye,'  and  o<5u»jj,  '  pain,'  especially  rheuma- 
tic pain  of  the  eye.  Plenck  has  given  this 
name  to  neuralgia  of  the  frontal  nerve,  in  which 
the  pain  irradiates  particularly  towards  the  bot- 
tom of  the  orbit.     See  Neuralgia,  Frontal. 

Ophthalmodynia  Periodica,  Neuralgia,  fa- 
cial. 

OPHTHALMOG'RAPHY,  from  o^9ah<o;, 
'the  eye,'  and  yg*q>t/,  'a  description.'  The 
part  of  anatomy  which  gives  a  description  of 
the  eye.  An  anatomical  description  of  the  eye. 
OPHTHALMOL'OGY,07;/,//ia/m«/o«'"iV,.(F.) 
Oculistique,  from  oqdalfjLoq, '  the  eye,'  and  Xuyo;. 
'  a  discourse.'  The  part  of  anatomy  which  treats 
of  the  eye.  An  anatomical  treatise  on  the  eye. 
A  description  of  the  eve  in  health  and  in  disease. 
OPHTHALMOMETER,  from  o^«^o,-, 
'the  eye,'  and  utrqev',  'measure.'  An  instru- 
ment of  the  nalure  of  compasses,  invented  by 
F.  Petit,  for  measuring  the  capacity  of  the  an- 
terior and  posterior  chambers  of  the  eye  in  ana- 
tomical experiments. 

OPHTHALMOPLEGIA,  from  o$.9atyoc, '  the 
eye,'  and  nltjaaoj,  'I  strike.'  Paralysis  of  one 
or  more  of  the  muscles  of  the  eye. 
OPHTHALMOPONI A.  Ophthalmia. 
OPHTHALMOPTO'SIS.from  o*3*Jl,uoe,  'an 
eye,'  and  3-Toinc,  'a  prolapse.'  A  word  employed 
by  some  authors  in  the  sense  of  exophthalmia 
(q.  v.:)   by  others,  in   that  of  hydrophlhalmia 

(q  v-) 
OPHTHALMORRHA'GIA,  from  o<j>3*^.',-, 


OPHTHALMOS 


535 


OPSIS 


'the  eye,'  and  {ijyw^i, '  I  break  forth."  Hemor- 
rhage from  the  tunica  conjunctiva.  It  is  rare. 

OPHTHALMOS.  Eye. 

OPHTHALMOSCOPY,  from  o^aXuoc, 
'  the  eye,'  and  trxontu),  'I  regard  attentively.' 
The  art  of  judging  of  the  temperament,  &c.  of 
a  person,  by  examining  his  eyes.  The  art  of 
judging  of  health  or  disease  by  inspection  of 

the  eves. 

OPHTHALMOSTA'TUM,(F.)  Ophthalmostat, 
from  o(p0*A/uo«,  'the  eye,'  and  OTaoic,  'station.' 
Spec'ulum  Oc'uli.  An  instrument  for  fixing 
the  eye. 

O  P  H  TH  A  LMOT'OM  Y,  Ophthalmotam'ia, 
from  o<p9»^uoc,  'the  eye,'  and  Tf^ciw,  'I  cut.' 
The  part  of  anatomy  which  treats  of  the  dissec- 
tion of  the  eye.  It  has,  also,  been  applied  to 
extirpation  of  the  eye. 

OPHTHALMOX'Y SIS,  from  o<p9ulpo;, '  the 
rye,'  and  £ua,  'I  scrape.'  A  name  given  to  the 
scarifications  sometimes  practised  on  the  con- 
junctiva, in  cases  of  ophthalmia. 

OPHTHALMOXYS'TRUM.  An  instrument 
for  scraping  the  eye.  Name  given  to  a  small 
brush,  with  barbs  like  an  ear  of  barley  or  rye, 
intended  to  scarify  the  eyelids  in  certain  cases 
of  ophthalmia. 

OPfAA'E,  Narcotine. 

OPIAT.  Opiate— o.  Dentifrice,  Dentifrice. 

OPIATE,  Opia'tvm,  (F.)  Opiat,  from  o/tior, 
-,  'juice,'  'opium.'  A  medicine  containing 
opium.  A  medicine  that  procures  sleep.  An 
electuary.  Formerly,  an  electuary,  which  con- 
tained   opium.     In    this   sense,    the    Codex   of 

OPIATUM  FEBRIF'UGUM,— Electua'rium 
tie,  Kind)  Kind;  Etec'tuary  of  Cincho'na.  (Pulo. 
ditch,  ^xviij,  amnion,  muriat.  Jjj.  tnellis,  syrup. 
absinth,  aa  _^ij.  Make  into  an  electuary.  Ph. 
P.)     Given,  when  cinchona  is  indicated. 

Opiatum  M ksf.nter'icum,  Electua'rium  dc 
A'loS,  Maria' te  Hydrar'gyri  tt  Ferro.  (Gum. 
amnion,  !|ss,  sennse  5Jvj,  hydrurgyri  submuriat., 
mil.  ari.  aloes  socotrin.  aa  ^ij,  pulo.  scammon. 
comp.  (vulg.  de  tribus.)  rhej.  rad.  aa  Ziij,  ferri 
limatuT.  porphyrisat.  ^ss.  Bruise  and  mix  to- 
gether, add  of  compound  syrup  of  apples  double 
the  weight  of  the  other  matters,  and  make  into 
an  electuary.  Ph-  P.)  Dose,  gss  to  gij,  in 
obstructions  of  the  liver,  mesentery,  &c. 

Ol'lO.N.  Opium. 

OPIS'THENAR,  oni9&tv*Qt  from  enio&i, 
•  brick  wards.'  and  &»•*§,  'the  fiat  of  the  hand.' 
The  back  of  the  hand. 

OPISTHOOFPHALON,  Occiput. 

OPISTHOCRANIUM,  Occiput. 

OPISTHOCYPHOSIS,  Oyphoma. 

OPISTHOTONOS,  Raptus  posterga'nrvs. 
Td' anus  dor  sa' lis,  T  posticus,  T.  poster  go'- 
neus,  from  omadi,  'backwards,'  and  rttvui, '  I 
stretch.'  A  species  of  tetanus,  in  which  the 
b'.iy  is  bent  backwards. 

OPIUM,  see  Papaver— o.  Colalum,  Ex- 
tr actum  opii— o.  Depuratum,  Extracturn  opii. 

OPOBALSAMUM,  see  Amyris  opobalsa- 
niiiin. 

OPOCARPASON,  Carpasium  (juice.) 

OPODEI/DOOH,  Opode.l'lorh.  An  unmean- 
ing term,  frequently  used  by  Paracelsus.  For- 
merly, it  signified  a  plaster  for  all  external  in- 
juries; now,  it  is  applied  to  the  Linimentum 
Saponis  Composition  (q    v.) 

OroDELDOcH,  Steer's.    A  liniment,  called 


after  the  inventor.  There  are  many  formula 
for  its  preparation.  The  following  is  one.  Sap. 
alb.  ftj.  camphor  ^ij,  ol.  rorisrnarini  f.  sjiv,  spi- 
ritus  vini  rectijicati  Oij.  See  Linimentum  Sa- 
ponis  Compositum. 

OPODYMUS,  Diprosopus. 

OPOPIOS,  Optic. 

OPOPONACUM,  Pastinaca  opoponax. 

OPOPONAX,  see  Pastinaca  opoponax. 

OPOPONAX  WORT,  Pastinaca  opoponax. 

OPO'RICE,  from  cnaiqa,  'autumnal  fruits.' 
A  medicine,  composed  of  several  autumnal 
fruits,  particularly  of  quinces,  pomegranates, 
&c.  and  wine.  It  was  formerly  administered 
in  dysentery,  diseases  of  the  stomach,  &c. 

OPOS,  Extract—  o   Silphion,  Laserpitium. 

OPPIDULUM,  Vulva. 

OPPILATIO,  Emphraxis. 

OPPILATIVUS,  Obstruens. 

OPPO'NENS,  (F)  Opposant,  ob,  and  ponert, 
'to  place.'  That  which  faces  or  is  put  in  oppo- 
sition to  something.  The  name  has  been  given 
to  two  muscles  of  the  hand. 

Opponens  Min'imi  Dig"iti,  Carpondtacar- 
pien  du  petit  doigt  (Ch.)  Mela  car pien  du  petit 
dnigt,  (F.)  Opposant  du  petit  doigt.  This  mus- 
cle has  the  same  shape  and  arrangement  as  the 
preceding,  but  is  of  less  size.  It  is  situate  in 
the  hypothenar  eminence.  Its  fibres  are  in- 
serted into  the  anterior  annular  ligament  of  the 
carpus,  and  terminate  on  the  whole  length  of 
the  inner  edge  of  the  5th  metacarpal  bone. 
This  muscle  carries  the  5th  metacarpal  bone 
forwards,  and  outwards,  and  thus  augments  the 
concavity  of  the  palm  of  the  hand. 

Opponens  Poi.'licis,  Flexor  ossis  melacar'pi 
pollicis,  Opponens  pollicis  manus,  Flexor  prirni 
interno'dii  (Douglass,)  Antith'enar  sive  semiin- 
terosseus  pollicis,  Carpo-mdtacarpien  du  pouce 
(Ch.,)  Mitacarpitn  du  pouce,  (F.)  Opposant  du 
Ponce.  A  small,  flat,  triangular  muscle,  situ- 
ate in  the  substance  of  the  thenar  eminence. 
It  is  attached,  on  the  one  hand,  to  the  anterior 
annular  ligament  of  the  carpus  and  to  the  tra- 
pezium; and,  on  the  other,  to  the  whole  of  the 
outer  margin  of  the  first  metacarpal  bone.  Thi» 
muscle  impresses  on  the  first  bone  of  the  meta- 
carpus a  movement  of  rotation,  which  opposes 
the  thumb  to  the  other  fingers. 

OPPOSANT,  Opponens— o.  du  petit  doigt, 
Opponens  minimi  digiti — o.  du  pouce,  Opponens 
pollicis. 

OPPRESSIO,  Catalepsy— o.  Nocturna,  In- 
cubus, 

OPPRESSION,  Oppres'sio,  Thlipsis,  Caia- 
tliltp'sis,  from  opprimere,  (ob,  and  premere,  pies- 
sum,)  'to  press  against.'  A  slate,  in  which  the 
patient  experiences  a  sensation  of  weight  in  the 
part  affected.  When  employed  abstractedly,  it 
means,  particularly,  oppression  of  the  chest — Op- 
pressio  Pectoris,  (F  )  0.  dc  Poitrine. 

Oppression,  (F.)  Oppression  des  forces,  Op- 
presfsio  vir'iurn,  is,  also,  used  for  that  condition, 
at  the  commencement  of  fevers,  &c,  in  which 
the  system  is  oppressed  rather  than  debilitated, 
and  where  the  vascular  action  rises,  as  the  ob- 
struction to  free  circulation  is  relieved  by  bleed' 
ing,  purging,  &c. 

OPS.  Eye. 

OP.SFALG1A,  Neuralgia,  facial. 

OPSIONU'SI,from  w\p<s,  'vision,'  and  rovro?, 
'a  disease.'     Morbi  visus.     Diseases  of  vision. 

OPSIS,  Vision. 


OPSOMANIAC 


536 


ORBITAR  FORAMINA 


OPSOMA'NIAC,  Opsom'anes,(F.)  Opsomane, 
from  oyjov,i  aliment,'  and  /nana.  One  who  loves 
some  particular  aliment  to  madness. 

OPTES1S,  Assatio. 

OPTIC,  Op'ticus,  Opo'pios,  from  omoiiai,  'I 
see.'     That  which  relates  to  vision. 

Optic  Foramen,  Foru'men  optician,  (F.)  Trou 
optiqun.  A  round  opening  in  the  sphenoid  bone, 
near  the  base  of  its  lesser  ala,  through  which 
the  optic  nerve  passes. 

Oitic  Ganglia,  Quadrigemina  tnbercula. 

Optic  Nkiive,  Arcrvus  op'ticus,  Par  secun'- 
dum  seu  op'ticuni  seu  oiso'rivm,  Nerve  of  Ike  2d 
pair,  JVervus  visi'vus  seu  viso'rius,  Ocular  nerve 
of  Chaussier.  These  nerves  are  remarkable  for 
their  size;  for  their  running  a  longer  course 
within  than  without,  the  cranium;  and  for 
their  furnishing  no  branch  from  their  origin  to 
their  termination.  They  do  not  seem  to  arise, 
as  was  long  supposed,  from  the  optic  thalami, 
but  from  the  tubercula  quadrigemim.  Imme- 
diately after  their  origin  they  proceed  forwards; 
are,  at  first,  broad  and  flat;  but  afterwards  be- 
come narrower  and  round.  In  front  of  the  fossa 
pituitaria,  they  unite  and  decussate,  each  nerve 
proceeding  through  the  optic  foramen  with  the 
ophthalmic  artery.  The  nerve  passes  to  the 
back  part  of  the  globe  of  the  eye,  becomes  nar- 
rower, and  enters  that  organ  to  give  rise  to  the 
nervous  expansion  called  the  retina,  (q.  v.) 
Besides  its  neurilemma,  the  optic  nerve  is  sur- 
rounded by  a  sheath,  furnished  by  the  dura 
mater.     This  accompanies  it  as  far  as  the  eye. 

The  optic  nerve  is  the  nerve  of  special  sensi- 
bility of  the  eye. 

OPTIC  O-TROCHLEl-SCLE'ROTIClEN, 
Oblique  superior  of  the  eye. 

OPTILOS,  Eye. 

OPUNTIA,  Cactus  opuntia. 

OR,  Gold. 

OR  A  SERRATA,  see  Ciliary  (Body.) 

ORACH,  STINKING,  Chenopodium  vulva- 
ria. 

ORANGE,  FLOWERS  OF  THE,  see  Ci- 
trus aurantium — o.  Root,  Hydrastis  Canadensis 
— o.  Tree,  Citrus  aurantium. 

ORANGEADE,  (F.)  A  drink,  made  with 
orange  juice  diluted  with  water.  It  is  anti- 
phlogistic, and  often'  recommended  in  acute 
diseases. 

ORANGES,  see  Citrus  aurantium— o.  Cu- 
rassoa.  Aurantia  curassaventia, 

ORBICULAIRE  DES  LkVRES,  Orbicularis 
oris — o.  des  Paupieres,  Orbicularis  palpebrarum 

O  RB  IC'U  LA  R,  Orbicularis,  from  orbis,  'a 
circle.' 

Okeiculau  Bone,  Os  orbicula!  re  seu  lenticu- 
la're  seu  Stjlvii  seu  orbic.ula're  Syl'vii,  Globulus 
stapedis  ossis,  Epiph'ysis  cruris  longio'ris  in'- 
cadis,  is  the  smallest  of  the  four  bones  of  the 
ear.  It  is  scarcely  perceptible,  round,  convex 
on  two  surfaces,  and  situate  between  the  lonor 
ramus  of  the  incus  and  the  head  of  the  stapes. 

Orbicular  Muscles  are  muscles  with  cir- 
cular fibres  surrounding  some  natural  opening 
of  the  body.  1.  Orbicularis  Oris,  Sphincter 
Labia' rum,  Serni  vel  Demi- orbiculafris,  Supra- 
semi-orbicula'ris,  Constric'tor  Oris,  Labia'lis, 
Osculato'rius,  Basia'tur,  (F.)  Labial,  Orbiculairc 
des  lecre.s.  A  muscle  situate  in  the  substance 
of  the  lips,  and,  extending  from  one  commis- 
sure to  the  other.  It  is  formed  of  two  very  dis- 
tinct portions,  of  a  semi-oval  shape;  one  be- 


longing to  the  upper  lip,  the  other  to  the  lower. 
Their  extremities  cross  at  the  commissures,  and 
are  confounded  with  the  other  muscles  of  the 
parts.  The  use  of  this  fleshy  muscle  is  to  bring 
the  lips  together,  and  to  close  the  aperture  of 
the  mouth,  by  making  it  represent  a  sort  of 
Bourrelet  (q.  v.)  with  radiated  wrinkles.  It  is 
an  antagonist  to  every  other  muscle  of  the  lips. 
Orbicularis  Palpebral  rum,  Oibicularis  oc'uli.  Or- 
bicularis palpebrarum  cilia'ris,  Palpebrarum  duo 
musculi,  Maxil 'lo-palpibral,  Paipebra'lis,  Con- 
strict'or  palpebrarum,  Sphincter  Palpebrarum 
seu  Oculi,  JVaso-palpebral  (Ch.),  (F.)  Palpebral, 
Orbiculaire  des  paupieres.  A  muscle  common 
to  both  the  eyelids,  and  seated  in  their  sub- 
stance. It  is  broad,  thin,  transversely  oval,  and 
cleft  in  its  great  diameter.  It  is  attached  to  the 
nasal  process  of  the  superior  maxillary  bone;  to 
the  internal  angular  process  of  the  frontal  bone, 
and  to  the  orbitar  process  of  the  superior  max- 
illary bone.  From  these  origins  the  muscle 
passes  outwards,  undei  the  skin  of  the  eyelids, 
surrounding  the  orbit  in  a  circular  manner,  ex- 
tending somewhat  beyond  it,  and  covering  the 
upper  part  of  the  cheek.  It  is  inserted  into  the 
skin  of  the  eyelids,  its  upper  and  inner  ed»e 
being  intimately  connected  with  the  frontal 
and  corrugator  muscles.  Its  use  is  to  close  the 
eye,  by  bringing  the  eyelids  together.  The 
part  of  the  orbicularis,  which  covers  the  carti- 
lages of  the  eyelids,  and  which  is  remarkably 
thin,  is  the  Musculus  Ci  liar  is  of  some  authors. 

ORBICULARIS  OCULI,  Orbicularis  palpe- 
brarum, see  Orbicular  muscles — o.  Recti, 
Sphincter  ani  externus. 

ORBIT,  Or'bita,  Troch'ia,  from  orbis,  'a  cir- 
cle.' The  circular  cavities  are  so  called,  which 
lodge  the  organs  of  sight.  The  orbits  or  orbitar 
fossae  or  cavities,  conchi,  xoy/ot,  are  situate  at 
the  upper  part  of  the  face,  and  are  composed  of 
seven  bones,  viz: — the  frontal,  above;  the 
palate  and  superior  maxillary ,  below:  the  sphe- 
noid and  malar,  externally,  and  the  ethmoid  and 
lachrymal,  internally.  The  orbit  is  filled  by  the 
globe  of  the  eye,  with  its  different  accessary 
parts — muscles,  nerves,  vessels,  the  lachrymal 
gland,  &c. 

ORBITAL  FISSURE,  SUPERIOR,  Sphe- 
noidal fissure — o.  Fissure,  inferior,  Maxillary 
fissure. 

OR/BITAR,  Orbita'rius,  Orbita'lis,-  same  ety- 
mon.    Relating  or  belonging  to  the  orbit. 

Orbitar  Apoph'yses  or  Pboc"esses  termi- 
nate the  two  extremities  of  the  orbitar  arch. 
The  external  is  much  more  prominent,  and  is 
articulated  with  the  cheek  bone;  the  internal 
is  thinner,  and  joins  the  os  unguis. 

Orbitau  Arch,  (F.)  Arcade  orhilaire,  is  the 
projecting,  round  margin,  which  separates  the 
frontal  and  orbitar  surfaces  of  the  os  frontis: 
and  forms  a  part  of  the  circumference  of  the 
orbit. 

Or'bitar  Fissures,  (F.)  Fentes  orbitaires. 
These  are  situate  in  the  orbit.  They  aie  two 
in  number:  one  superior,  the  Sphenoidal,  (q.  v.;) 
the  other  inferior,  tfpheno-maxillary,  (q.  v.) 

Orbitar  Foram'ina.  Of  these  there  are 
several: — 1.  The  Foramen  orbitarium  supe'rivs, 
(F.)  Trou  orbitaire  superieur,  which  is  situate  at 
the  junction  of  the  inner  third  of  the  orbitar  arch 
with  its  two  outer  thirds,  and  gives  passage  to 
the  frontal  nerve.  2.  The  Foram'ina  orbita'ria 
interio'ra    vel    inter' na,    Foramina    ethmoidal. 


0RB1TAR  NERVE 


537 


ORIGANUM 


These  are  situate  at  the  upper  part  of  the  inter- 
nal paries  of  the  orbit,  and  are  formed  by  the 
union  of  two  notches  of  the  os  frontis  with  two 
similar  ones  of  the  ethmoid;  and  are  distin- 
guished into  anterior  and  -posterior.  The  former 
gives  passage  to  the  ethmoidal  filament  of  the 
nasal  nerve  and  to  a  small  artery. 

Okbitar  Nerve,  Nervus  orbitu'lis  seu  orbita'- 
rius,  is  a  branch  given  off  from  the  superior 
maxillary.  It  enters  the  orbit  by  the  spheno- 
maxillary fissure,  and  divides  into  two  fila- 
ments; the  one — malar — which  passes  over  the 
cheek  bone,  is  distributed  to  the  orbicularis 
palpebrarum,  and  anastomoses  with  the  facial 
nerve;  the  other — temporal — which  passes  to 
the  temporal  fossae,  and  anastomoses  with  the 
inferior  maxillary  and  facial,  to  become  after- 
wards subcutaneous. 

ORBITO-EXTUS-SCL&ROTICIEX,  Rec- 
tus externns  oculi — o.  Intus-Scleroticien,  Rectus 
interims  oculi — o.  Maxillo-labial,  Levator  labii 
superioris  proprius — o.  Palpebral,  Levator  pal- 
pebral superioris — o-  Sus-palp6bral,  Levator  pal- 
pebral superioris. 

ORCJ1NETTE,  Anchusa  officinalis. 

ORCHEA,  Scrotum. 

ORCHEITIS,  Hernia  humoralis. 

OROHEOCATABASIS,  Orchidocatabasis. 

ORCHEOCELE,  Orchiocele. 

ORCHEOTOMY,  Castration. 

ORCHESTROMANIA,  Chorea. 

ORCHID1TIS,  Hernia  humoralis. 

ORCHIDOCATAB'ASIS,  Orcheocatab'asis, 
from  oQ/ig,'the  testis,'  and  xarafiae-t?,  'descent.' 
The  descent  of  the  testes  into  the  scrotum. 

ORCHIDOCELE,  Hernia  humoralis. 

ORCHIDONCUS,  Hernia  humoralis. 

ORCHIDOTOMY,  Castration. 

ORCHILL,  Lichen  roccella. 

ORCHIOCE'LE,  Orcheoce'lS,  from  oo^t?,nhe 
testicle,'  and  xi]Xt],  'a  rupture.'  A  tumour  of 
the  testicle.  Hernia  humoralis,  (q.  v.)  A  name 
given  to  several  diseases  of  the  testicle  and 
its  envelopes,  essentially  differing  from  each 
other. 

ORCHIS,  Testicle— o.Butterfly,Orchisbifolia. 

Orchis  Mas'cula,  Salyfion,  Male  Orchis, 
Testidulus  cani'nus,  Cynosor'chis,  Dogs'  stones, 
Male  Fools'  stones,  Twinroot.  This  root  has  had 
a  place  in  some  pharmacopoeias,  on  account  of 
the  glutinous,  slimy  juice  it  contains.  The 
root  of  the  Orchis  bifolia  or  Butterfly  orchis  has 
likewise  been  collected.  It  has  been  used  as  a 
demulcent.  Its  fancied  aphrodisiac  virtues 
seem  to  be  owing  to  its  resemblance  to  oQ^ig, 
'a  testicle,'  whence  its  name. 

Salep  is  obtained  from  this  variety  of  the 
orchis; — and  from  the  Orchis  morio,  &c.  See 
Salep. 

ORCHITE,  Hernia  humoralis. 

ORCHITIS,  Hernia  humoralis. 

ORCHOI,  see  Tarsus. 

ORCHOTOMIA,  Castration. 

ORD1NA1RES,  Menses. 

ORDOJYA'jLYCE,  Formula,  Prescription. 

OREILLE  D'HOMME,  Asarum— o.  de  Sou- 
ris,  Hieraciuin  pilosella. 

OREILLETTE,  Asarum,  Auricle  of  the 
heart. 

OREILLONS,  Parolis,  Cynanche  parotide. 

ORELIA  GLANDIFLORA,  Allamanda. 

OREOSELINUM,  Athamanta  aureoselinum 
— o.  Africanum,  Bubon  galbanum. 
35 


OREXIS,  Appetite. 

ORGAN,  Or'ganum,  Or'ganon.  'An  instru- 
ment.' Part  of  an  organized  being,  destined 
to  exercise  some  particular  function.  Thus — 
the  eyes  are  organs  of  sight;  the  muscles  are 
organs  of  motion,  &c.  The  collection  of  or- 
gans, which  concur  in  any  function,  is  called 
apparatus,  (q.  v.) 

ORGANA  GENERATIONS  INSERVIEN- 
TES,  Genital  organs — o.  Sudoripara,  see  Per- 
spiration. 

ORGAKES  GtiMTAUX,  Genital  organs. 

ORGAIVIC,  Organ'icus,  relating  to  an  organ 
or  organs.  It  is  also  used  synonymously  with 
vital,  in  contradistinction  to  physical. 

Organic  Diseases  or  Lesions  are  such  as 
concern  the  organ  itself,  in  contradistinction  to 
functional,  which  merely  concern  the  function. 
Of  course,  organic  diseases  of  a  part  are  always 
more  serious  than  functional. 

OR'GANISM.  Same  etymon.  The  living 
economy.  Many  physiologists  have  used  this 
word  synonymously  with  organization;  but 
more  especially  to  designate  the  aggregate  of 
forces  which  govern  organized  beings,  animals 
as  well  as  vegetables. 

ORGANIZATION,  Organisa'tiu,  from  oq- 
yavov,  'an  organ.'  The  manner  of  structure 
proper  to  different  beings.  The  collection  of 
parts  composing  an  organized  body,  and  the 
laws  which  govern  it.  It  is  also  employed  in 
the  sense  of  the  structure  of  a  part;  as,  the 
organization  of  the  heart,  &c. 

Organization,  Compounds  of,  Principles, 
immediate. 

OR'GANIZED,  Or'ganis  instruc'tus.  That 
which  is  composed  of  organs. 

Organized  Bodies,  (F.)  Corps  organists, 
are  those  endowed  with  life;  i.  e.  animals  and 
vegetables:  in  opposition  to  inorganic  bodies, 
which  term  comprises  the  mineral  kingdom. — 
See  Corpus. 

ORGANOGENY,  Organogen'ia,-  from  opya- 
rov, 'an  organ,' and  ytrea-tg,  'generation.'  The 
doctrine  of  the  formation  of  the  different  organs. 

ORGANOGRAPHY,  Organograph'ia,  from 
oqyavov,  'an  organ,'  and  ynacpt],  'a  description.' 
A  description  of  the  organs  of  a  living  body. 

ORGANOLOGY,  Anatomy,  Craniology. 

ORGANON  OLFACTUS,  Nasus. 

ORGASM,  Orgas'nius,  Orgo'sis,  from  ooyavi, 
'I  desire  ardently.'  State  of  excitement  and 
turgescence  of  any  organ  whatever.  Applied 
particularly  to  the  genital  organs  at  the  height 
of  venereal  excitement. 

ORG  ASM  US,  Turgescence. 

ORGAST1CA.  Same  etymon.  The  second 
order  of  the  glass  Genetica  of  Good.  Defined  : 
diseases  affecting  the  orgasm  ;  organic  or  con- 
stitutional infirmity  disordering  the  power  or 
the  desire  of  procreating. 

ORGE,  Rnge. 

ORGE,  Hordeum — o.  Perle,  see  Hordeum. 

ORGEAT,  Syrupus  amygdala;. 

ORGELET,  Hordeolum. 

ORGEOLET,  Hordeolum. 

ORGOSIS,  Oro-asm. 

ORICHALCUM,  Brass. 

OR1CULAR,  Auricular. 

ORICULE,  Pavilion  of  the  ear. 

OR1FICIUM  DEXTRUiM  VENTR1CULI, 
Pylorus. 

ORIG'ANUM,   Origanum  vulga'rS,   Cuni'la 


ORIGANUM  AQUATICUM 


538 


ORYZA 


bu!bula,Marjora'namancuru'na,0.hcracleol'icum, 
Zazarhen'di  herba,  Wild  mar'joram,  Common 
marjoram,  Mancura'  na,  (F.)  Pied  de  lit.  Family, 
LabiatEE.  Sex.  Syst.  Didynamia  Gymnospermia. 
This  plant  resembles  marjoram  in  smell;  and 
has  a  pungent  taste,  much  like  thyme.  It  is 
aromatic  and  stimulant;  and  its  oil  possesses 
the  properties  of  the  essential  oils  in  general. 
The  oil,  oleum  origani,  Ph.  U.  S. — is  very  pun- 
gent and  is  rarely  given  internally.  It  is  used 
in  toothache. 

Origanum  Aquaticum,  Eupatorium  cannabi- 
num — o.  Creticum,  O.  dictamnus. 

Origanum  Dictam'nus,  Dictamnus  Cret'icus, 
0.  Creticum,  Oni'tis,  Ditt'any  of  Crete,  (F.) 
Diclamne  de  Crete.  The  leaves  of  this  plant 
were  once  recommended  as  emmenagogue  and 
alexipharmic. 

Origanum  Heracleoticum,  Origanum. 

Origanum  Majora'na,  Marjora'na,  0.  majo- 
ranai'des,  Majorana,  Sweet  marjoram,  Samp'- 
sucus,  Jigriorig'anum,  Amar'acus,  (F.)  Marjo- 
laine.  Its  odour  is  strong  and  fragrant;  taste 
aromatic  and  bitterish.  Its  properties  are  those 
of  a  stomachic  and  errhine.  It  is  chiefly  used, 
however,  for  culinary  purposes,  and  as  a  snuff 
in  headache. 

Origanum  Syriacum,  Teucrium  marum. 

ORIGINAIKE,  (F.)  from  origo,  'origin.' 
This  term  has  been  used,  by  French  writers,  in 
the  same  sense  as  congenital.  It  is  particularly 
applied  to  affections  depending  upon  faulty 
conformation,  or  to  faulty  conformation  itself. 

OR1SMOLOGY,  Terminology. 

ORME,  Appetite. 

ORME,  Ulmus. 

ORMSKIRK  MEDICINE.  A  celebrated  an- 
tilyssic  remedy,  supposed  to  consist  of  Pulv. 
Cretx,  §ss;  Bol.  Arrnen.  §iij".  Alumin.  gr.  x; 
Pulv.  Inula  zj;  01  Jlnisi,  g«.  vj. 

This  is  taken  for  a  dose  every  morning  for 
six  times,  in  a  glass  of  water,  with  a  small  pro- 
portion of  fresh  milk. 

ORNITHOGALUM  MARITIMUM,  Scilla. 

ORNUS  EUROPjEA,  see  Fraxinus  ornus— 
o.  Sylvestris,  Fraxinus  excelsior. 

OROBAN'CHE  VIRGINIA'NA,  Epifa'gus 
Jlmerica'nus,  E.  Virginia1 nus,  Virgin'ia  broom- 
rape,  Beech-drops,  Cancer-root.  Family,  Oroban- 
choidece.  This  parasitic  plant  is  astringent,  and 
a  peculiar  and  extremely  nauseous  bitter.  It  is 
most  powerful  when  fresh.  It  has  been  used 
in  dysentery ;  and, externally,  to  obstinate  ulcers. 

Oroban'chk  Americana,  and  O.  Uniflo'ra. 
have  the  same  properties,  and  are,  likewise, 
called  Cancer  root,  Earth  club  and  Clapwort. 

OROBE,  Ervum  ervilia. 

OROBION,  see  Ervum  ervilia. 

OROIiOI'DES,  from  cgo^oc, '  the  orobus,'  and 
ttdoc, '  form.'  Having  the  shape  of  the  orobus. 
A  name  given  to  the  sediment  in  urine,  when 
of  a  fawn  colour,— like  the  orobus. 

OP..OBUS,  Ervum  ervilia. 

ORONGE,  see  Agaric. 

OROPHALL'US;  from  cgog,  or  eppog,  'the 
rump,'  and  <pai.Zog,  'the  male  organ.'  A  mon- 
ster having  a  second  male  organ  originating 
from  the  rump. — Gurlt. 

OR'PIMENT,  Auripigmen'tum,  Orpin,  Risi- 
gal'lum,  Cloanx,  Elomc,  Sira,  Lempmns,  Spec'- 
ulttmctfrinum,  Yrides,  Yride.  The  native  yel- 
low sulphuret  of  arsenic.  It  is  poisonous,  but 
less  bo  than  the  oxide.     It  is,  also,  called  Ada- 


rigo,  Adarnech,  Ahusal,  Allhanacha,  Azarnel. 
The  Turks  prepare  a  depilatory  with  it,  which 
they  call  Rusma. 

ORPIN,  Orpiment — o.  Brulant,  Sedum— o. 
Grand,  Sedum  telephium — o.  Reprise,  Sedum 
lelephium. 

ORPINE,  Sedum  telephium. 

ORRHOPYG'ION.  The  inferior  extremity 
of  the  vertebral  column;  from  o^og,  'extremity,' 
and  nvyt], '  the  nates.'  Also,  the  raphe,  extend- 
ing from  the  penis  to  the  anus,  and  separating 
the  scrotum  into  two  parts. 

ORRHOS,  Perinajum,  Serum. 

ORRIS,  Iris  florentina — o.  Common,  Iris  ger- 
manica. 

ORSEILLE,  Lichen  roccella. 

ORTEIL,  Digitus  pedis. 

ORTHOCOLON,  Ankylosis. 

ORTHOCYLLOS1S,  Ankylosis. 

ORTHODO'RON.  A  measure  with  the 
Greeks,  equal  to  eleven  finger-breadths. 

ORTHOPiEDI'A,  from  oQ&og,  'right,'  and 
naig,  '  a  child.'  The  part  of  medicine  whose 
object  is  to  prevent  and  correct  deformity  in 
the  bodies  of  children;  Often  used,  however, 
with  a  more  extensive  signification,  to  enhance 
the  correction  or  prevention  of  deformities  at 
all  ages.  Ortkosomatics,  from  og&og,  '  right,' 
and  0-wp.a, '  body,'  has  been  proposed  as  a  pre- 
ferable term. 

ORTHOPEDIC,  Orthopa' dicus ;  same  ety- 
mon. Relating  to  Orthopredia, — as  Orthopedic 
Institution:  an  institution  for  the  correction  or 
prevention  of  deformities  in  children. 

ORTHOPHRENIA  Orthophren'icus,  from 
sgOo?,  '  right,'  and  tpgriv,  '  mind.'  Relating  to 
sound  mind. 

ORTHOPNCE'A,  Suffoca'tio,  Slranguh'tio, 
Prxfoca'tio,  Pnix,  Pnigmus,  Angor,  Apna'a, 
from  oodog,  '  right,'  '  straight,'  and  nvim,  'I  re- 
spire.' Impracticability  of  breathing  in  the 
horizontal  posture.  Necessity  of  being  in  the 
erect  posture,  in  order  to  respire. 

Orthopnea  Cardiaca,  Angina  Pectoris — o. 
Con  vulsiva,  Asthma—  o.Cynanchica,Cynanclie 
trachealis — o.  Hydrothoracica,Hydrothorax— o. 
Hysterica,  Angone — o.  Tussiculosa,  Pertussis. 

'ORTHOSOMATIQUE,  Orthopsedia. 

ORTIE,  Urtica — o.  Blanche,  Laniium  album 
— o.  Brutante,  Urtica  urens — o.  Morte,  Lamiiim 
album — o.  Morte  des  Bois,  Galeopsis — o-  Ro- 
maine,  Urtica  pilulifera. 

ORTYX,  Tetrao  coturnix. 

OR  VALE,  Salvia  sclarea. 

ORVIETA'NUM.  From  the  Italian  Orvicld- 
7io.  An  electuary  regarded  as  an  invaluable 
antidote,  and  composed  of  Old  theriac,  Dried 
vipers,  Scorzoncra,  Carlina,  Imperatorium,  An- 
gelica, Bistort,  Rosemary,  Juniper,  Cinnamon, 
Cloves,  Mace,  Honey,  and  a  crowd  of  other  sub- 
stances. Its  medical  properties  resembled,  in 
some  respects,  those  of  the  theriac.  It  was  so 
called  according  to  some,  because  invented  by 
Orvietano,  a  celebrated  charlatan;  or,  according 
to  others,  from  Orvielo,  a  town  in  Italy. 

ORY'ZA.from  Orez,  (Arab.,)  Ory'za  sali'va, 
Rice,  (F.)  Riz.  Family,  Graminea).  Sex.  Syst. 
Hexandria  Monogynia.  A  plant,  almost  aqua- 
tic, and  indigenous  in  China,  one  of  the  rich- 
est productions  of  Egypt,  and  which  prospers 
in  the  warmer  regions  of  the  four  quarters  of 
the  globe.  Its  amylaceous  seeds  nourish  more 
men  than  those  of  wheat   and   rye  together. 


OS 


539 


0SE1LLE 


Besides  being  alimentary,  they  are  demulcent 
and  emollient. 

OS,  Bone,  Mouth— o.  Acromii,  Acromion— 
o.  ad  Cubitale,  Radius— o.  Adjutorium,  Humeri 
os— o.  Alaeforme,  Sphenoid— o.  Alagas, Coccyx, 
Sacrum— o.  Amphideon,  Os  uteri— o.  Mnonyme, 
Innominatum  os — o.  Anticum,  Avant  bouchc— 
o.  Arcuale,  Temporal  bone — o.  Armale,  Tem- 
poral bone — o.  Asser,  Sternum— o.  de  I'Assiette, 
Ischion—  o.  Azygos,  Sphenoid— o.  Ballista,  As- 
tragalus—o.  Basilare,  Occipital  bone,  Palate 
bone,  Sacrum,  Sphenoid — o.  Baxillare,  Sphe- 
noid—o.  Bicorne,  Hyoides  os— o.  Brachiale, 
Humeri  os — o.  Brachii,  Humeri  os— o.  Calcis, 
Calcaneum — o.  Capitatum,  Magnum  os— o. 
Caudae,  Occipital  bone— o.  Coccygis,  Coccyx — 
o.  Coliforme,  Ethmoid— o.  Convolutum  supe- 
rius,  Turbinated  bone,  middle— o.  Coronale, 
Frontal  bone — o.  Coxas,  Innominatum  os* — o. 
Coxul,  Innominatum  os,  Ischion — o.  Crihleux, 
Ethmoid — o.  Cribriforme,  Ethmoid— o.  Cribro- 
sum,  Ethmoid — o.  Crochu,  Os  uncifbrme. 

OS  CROTOPHALE.  A  name,  given  by  M. 
B6clard,  to  a  bone  sometimes  met  with  at  the 
anterior  and  inferior  angle  of  the  parietal  bone; 
from  xQvicKpoi;,  'the  temple.' 

OS  CUBITI  INFERIUS,  Ulna-o.  de  la 
Cuisse,  Femur — o.  Cuneiforme,  Sphenoid — o. 
Cuneo comparatum, Sphenoid— o. Durum,  Tem- 
poral bone — o.  Ensiforme,  Sternum. 

OS  EPACTALE.  A  name  given  to  one  of 
the  ossa  Wormiana;  particularly  to  one  met 
with  in  the  posterior  fontanelle,  and  which  has 
been  described  by  G.  Fischer,  under  the  name 
Os  epaci a le  sive  Goethianum. 

OS  tiPACTAUX,  Wormiana  ossa. 

OS  EXTERNUM.  The  entrance  into  the 
vagina,  in  contradistinction  to  the  Os  inler'num, 
or  Os  u'tcri. 

OS  EXTRA  ORD1NEM  CARPI,  Os  pisi- 
forme— o.  Fibrosum,  Occipital  bone — o.  Fora- 
minulentum,  Ethmoid — o.  Frontis,  Frontal 
bone — o.  Gens.  Mala?  os— o.  Gladioli,  Sternum 
— 0.  Grand,  Magnum  os — o.  Grand,  col  du, 
Collum  ossis  magni — o.  Grandinosum,  Cuboid 
— o.  Gutturis,  Hyoides  os — o.  Hamatum,  Os 
unciforme — o.  Hors  du  rang,  Os  pisif'orme — o. 
Hypseloides,  Hyoides  os — o.  Inconjugatum, 
Sphenoid — o.  Incudi  similis,  Incus — o.  Inferius 
ventriculi,  Pylorus — o.  Innomine,  Innominatum 
os — o.  Intercalds,  Wormiana  ossa — o.  Internum, 
Os  uteri — o.  Inverecundum,  Frontal  bone — o. 
Ischii,  Ischion — o.  Jugale,  Malae  os — o.  Juga- 
mentum,  Mala?  os — o.  Juguli,  Clavicle — o. 
Lachrymale,  Unguis  os — o.  Lambda,  Occipital 
bone — o.  Lambdoides,  Hyoides  os,  Occipital 
bone — o.  Lapideurn,  Temporal  bone — o.  Lenti- 
culare,  Os  orbiculare,  Os  pisiforme — o.  Lepi- 
doides,  Temporal  bone — o.  Linguae,  Hyoides  os 
— o.  Linguale,  Hyoides  os — o.  Lithoides,  Tem- 
poral bone — o.  Magnum,  neck  of  the,  Collum 
ossis  magni — o.  Malairc,  Mala?,  os — o.  Maxillae 
superioris  undeciinum,  Vomer — o.  Mnxillair'e 
inferieure,  Collum  mandibular — o.  Memoriae, 
Occipital  bone — o.  Mendosum,  Temporal  bone 
— o.  Morsus  Adami,  Thyroid  cartilage — o.  Mu- 
cronatum,  Xiphoid  cartilage — o.  Multangulum 
majus,  Trapezium  os— o.  Multangulum  minus, 
Trapezoides  03— o.  Multiforme,  Ethmoid, Sphe- 
noid— o.  Nasaux,  Nasal  bones — o.  Naviculare, 
Os  scaphoides — o.  Nervale,  Temporal  bone — o. 
Nervosum,  Occipital  bone— o.  Occipitis,  Occi- 
pital bone — o.  Orbiculare,  Os  pisiforme — o.  du 


Palais,  Palate  bone— o.  Palati,  Palate  bone—  o. 

Pulatin,  Palate  bone — o.  Papillare,  Sphenoid 

o.  Pectinis,  Pubis,  os— o.  Pectoris,  Sternum o. 

Pelvicephalicum,  Occipital  bone — o.  Perone, 
Fibula — o.  Petrosum,  Temporal  bone — o.  Poly- 
morphon,  Sphenoid — o.  de  la  Pommette,  Mala; 
os — o.  Posterum,  Pharynx — o.  Praeruptce  rupi 
assimilatum,  Temporal  bone — o.  Procubitale, 
Ulna — o.  Propres  du  nez,  Nasal  bones — o.  Pro- 
rae,  Occipital  bone — o.  Puppis,  Frontal  bone, 
Occipital  bone — o.  Pyramidale  carpi,  Trape- 
zoides os — o.  Pyxidis,  Occipital  bone — o.  Ra- 
tionis,  Frontal  bone— o.  du  Rayon,  Radius — o. 
Sacrum,  Sacrum — o.  Saxeum,  Temporal  bone 
— o.  Scutiforme,  Patella — o.  Sedentarium,  see 
Ischiatic — o.  Semilunare,  Lunare  os — o.  Sexlum 
cranii,  Occipital  bone — o.  du  Sinciput,  Parietal 
bones,  see  Sinciput — o.  Sous-ethmo'idal,  Tur- 
binated bone,  inferior — o.  Sphaeno-basilare,  Oc- 
cipital bone — o.  Sphecoides,  Sphenoid — o. Sphe- 
noidale, Sphenoid — o.  Sphenoides,  Sphenoid — 
o.  Spongiosum,  Ethmoid — o.  Spongiosum  infe* 
rius,  Turbinated  bone,  inferior — o.  Spongiosum 
medium,  Turbinated  bone,  middle — o.  Spon- 
giosum superius,  Turbinated  bone,  middle,  Tur- 
binated bone,  superior — o.  Spongoides,  Eth- 
moid— o.  Squamosum,  Temporal  bone— o.  Sus- 
maxillairc,  Maxillary  (superior)  bone — o.  Sur- 
numeraires,  Wormiana  ossa — o.  Sylvii,  Os 
orbiculare — o.  Temporis,  Temporal  bone — o. 
Tessera,  Cuboid— o.  Tineas,  Os  uteri — o.  TVi- 
angulaires,  Wormiana  ossa — o.  Turbinatum, 
Turbinated  bone,  middle — o.  Turbinatum  infe- 
rius, Turbinated  bone,  inferior — o.  Uncinatum, 
Os  unciforme — o.  Upsiloides,  Hyoides,  os — o. 
Varium,  Cuboid — o.  Vespiforme,  Sphenoid — o. 
Vomeris,  Vomer — o.  Wormiens.  Wormiana,  ossa 
— o.  Xiphoides,  Sternum — o.  Ypseloides,  Hyo- 
ides os — o.  Zygomalicum,  Malae  os. 

OS  U'TERI,  05  tincx,  Protos'poros,  Os  in- 
tcr'num,  Os  amphid'eon,  seu  amphid'eum,  Os- 
c/ieon,  Hysteros'toma,  (F.)  Museau  de  Tanche. 
The  mouth  of  the  Womb.     See  Uterus. 

OSCEDO,  Aphthse. 

OSCHEOCARCINOMA,  Cancer,  chimney- 
sweepers. 

OSCHEOCE'LE,  from  oo-Xtov, « the  scroluifl,' 
and  y.y\\r\,  '  tumour.'  Scrotal  kernia.  See  Bu- 
bonocele. Sauvages  uses  it  in  the  sense  of 
Dropsy  of  the  scrotum.     See  Hydrocele. 

Oscheocele  Hydrocele — o.  Flatulenta, 
Physocele— o. Hydatidosa,  Hydatidocele — o.Se- 
minalis,  Spermatocele — o.  Varicosa,  Varicocele 

0SCHE0N,  Scrotum,  Os  uteri. 

OSCHEOPHYMA,  Hydrocele. 

OSCHEOPLAS'TIC,  Oschenplas'ticus.,  from 
oT^tov,  'the  scrotum,'  and  irlccTaw,  'I  form." 
An  epithet  given  to  the  operation  for  restoring 
the  scrotum  when  lost. 

OSCHI'TIS.from  oa^tj,  'the scrotum,' and  itia, 
'inflammation.'     Inflammation  of  the  scrotum. 

OSCILLATIO,  Irritability. 

OS'CITANT,  (FEVER,)  Febris  os'cilans, 
(F.)  Fiecrc.  oscitante,-  from  nscitarc,  '  to  yawn.' 
A  fever,  in  which  the  patient  is  continually 
yawning. 

OSCITATIO,  Yawning. 

0SCULAT0R1US,  Orbicularis  oris. 

OSCUS.  Scrotum. 

OSEILLE,  Rumex  acetosa — o.  Boucher,  Ru- 
mex  scutatus — o.  Petite,  Rumex  scutatus — # 
Ronde,  Rumex  scutatus — o.  Rouge,  Rumex  san- 
guineus. 


OSMAZOME 


540 


OSTEOFOLINCLASIS 


OS'MAZOME,  Os'mozome,  Matiere  extractive 
du  Bouillon,  Extractive  of  meat,  Saponaceous 
extract  of  meat;  from  oti^?/,  'smell,'  and  tw/j.0?, 
'  soup.'  M.  Tbenard  has  given  this  name  to  an 
extractive  matter,  contained  in  muscular  flesh 
and  in  the  blood  of  animals,  which  he  considers 
of  a  peculiar  nature.  It  has  an  agreeable  smell 
and  taste,  and  is  found  in  Bouillons  of  meat,  in 
the  proportion  of  one  part  to  seven  of  gelatin. 
Vauquelin  discovered  it  in  some  fungi.  It  is 
the  substance  which  gives  the  flavour  of  meat 
to  soups,  and  hence  its  name. 

OSME,  Odour. 

OSMON'OSI,  Osmonu'si,  Morbi  olfac'tus,- 
from  o?y.i],  'odour,'  and  vo<ro$}  'a  disease.' 
Diseases  of  olfaction. 

OSMOZOME,  Osmazome. 

OSMUND,  ROYAL,  Osrnunda  regalis. 

OSMUJN'DA  REGA'LIS,  Filix  Flor'ida,  Os- 
mund-royal. Family,  Filicoideae.  This  plant 
was  once  thought  to  possess  astringent  and 
emmenagogue  virtues. 

OSQRON,  Opium. 

OSPHRANTICOS,  Olfactory. 

OSPHRESIOL'OGY,  Osphresiolog"ia;  from 
o<ripQi]<ris,  'odour,'  and  Ao/o?, 'a  discourse.'  A 
treatise  on  olfaction  and  odours. 

OSPHRES1S,  Olfaction. 

OSPHYALGIA,  Coxalgia. 

OSPHYITIS,  from  oryvs,  'the  hip,'  and  ills, 
denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the 
parts  about  the  hip. 

OSPHYS,  Lumbi. 

OSSA  BREGMATIS,  Parietal  bones— o. 
Convoluta  inferiora,  Turbinated  bones,  inferior 
— o.Digitorum  manus,  Phalanges  of  the  fingers 
—  o.  Digitorum  pedis,  Phalanges  of  the  toes — o. 
Epactalia,  Wormiana  03sa — o.  Maxillse  superi- 
ors quarta  seu  quinta  seu  secunda,  Nasal  bones 
— o.  Nasalia,  Nasal  bones — o.  Nasi,  Nasal  bones 
— o.  Nervalia,  Parietal  bones — o.  Sincipitis, 
Parietal  bones — o.  Spongiosa,  Turbinated  bones 
— o.  Tertia  maxilla?  superioris,Turbinated  bones 
— o.  Triangularia,  Sphenoidal  cornua — o.  Tri- 
angularia  Blasii,  Wormiana  ossa — o.  Trique- 
tra,  Wormiana  ossa — o.  Turbinata,  Turbinated 
bones — o.  Verticalia,  Parietal  bones. 

OSSELETS  BE  L'OREILLE, Ossicula  au- 
ditus. 

OSSICULA  NASI,  Nasal  bones. 

OSSICULUM,  Osta'rion.  Diminutive  of  os, 
a  bone: — a  small  bone. 

Ossic'ula  Aum'xus,  Ossic'ula  Auris,  (F.) 
Osselets  de  I'oreille,  0.  de  Vouie.  The  small 
bones  situate  in  the  cavity  of  the  tympanum, 
and  forming  an  uninterrupted  chain  from  the 
membrane  of  the  tympanum  to  that  of  the 
fenestra  ovalis.  They  are  four  in  number;  and 
their  series, from  without  to  within,  is  as  follows, 
Malleus,  incus,  Os  orbiculare,  Stapes,  (q.  v.) 

Ossiculum  Incudi  Compauatum,  Incus — o. 
Malleolo  assimilatum,  Malleus — o.  Molari  denti 
comparatum,  Incus. 

OSSIFICA'TION,  Ossifica'tio,-  from  os,  'a 
bone,'  and  facere,  'to  make.'  Ostcogen'ia,  Os- 
teogenesis, Osteo' sis.  Formation  of  bones.  De- 
velopment, or  increase  of  the  osseous  system. 
Ossification  takes  place  in  the  same  manner  as 
the  nutrition  of  other  organs.  The  bones  are, 
at  first,  mucous,  and  afterwards  cartilaginous; 
the  cartilage,  at  length,  receives  the  phosphate 
of  lime,  and  is,  at  the  same  time,  replaced  by  a 


gelatinous  parenchyma,  when  the  bone  has  ac- 
quired the  whole  of  its  development. 

Ossification,  Points  of,  Functa  ossificatio'- 
nis,  are  the  points  where  the  ossification  of  a 
bone  commences,  whence  it  extends  to  other 
parts.  Almost  all  the  bones  present  a  greater 
or  less  number  of  points  of  ossification.  Be- 
sides the  natural  ossification,  which  we  observe 
in  the  fcetus  and  in  the  first  periods  of  life, 
there  are  also  accidental  ossifications,  such  as 
those  frequently  remarked  after  the  inflamma- 
tion of  serous  membranes,  in  the  parietes  of 
arteries,  and  to  which  the  terms  Osthex'ia,  in- 
crusta'lion,  or  petrifaction  have,  sometimes,, 
been  applied. 

OSS1FRAGA,  Osteocolla. 

OSSIS  SACRI  ACUMEN,  Coccyx. 

OSSISANA,  Osteocolla. 

OSS1VOROUS,  from  os,  'a  bone,'  and  von, 
'I  devour.'  A  species  of  tumour,  mentioned 
by  Ruysch,  which  destroys  bone. 

OS'TAGRA,  Os'teagra,  from  oa-rtor,  'a  bone,' 
and  ayoa, '  seizure.'  A  forceps  to  cut  or  remove 
portions  of  bone. 

OSTALGI'TIS,  Osti'tis,  from  oanor,  'a bone,' 
and  itis.  Inflammation  of  bone;  characterized 
by  violent  shooting  and  lancinating  pains  in 
the  bone. 

OSTEAGRA,  Ostagra. 

OSTEALGIA,  Osteocopus. 

OSTEITES,  Osteocolla. 

OSTEMPYE'SIS,  Oste'empye'sis,  Ostempyo'- 
sis,  from  o?Tsor,  'a  bone,'  and  t/u.nvTi<Ti;,  'effu- 
sion of  pus.'  An  abscess  in  the  interior  of  a 
bone. 

OSTEMPYOSIS,  Ostempyesis. 

OSTEOCE'LE,  from  ocrrsov,  «a  bone,*  and 
xij\ri,  'a  tumour.'  A  hernia  in  which  the  sac 
is  cartilaginous  and  bony: — a  rare  case. 

OSTEOCOL'LA,  from  ocrrsov,  'a  bone,'  and 
y.olldL,  'glue.'  Glue-bone,  Stone  or  bone  binder, 
Ossif'raga,  Holos'tens,  Ossisa'na,  Ostri'tes,  Os- 
tei'tes,  Jlmos'teus,  Osteol'itlws,  Ste/ochi'tcs.  A 
name  given  to  a  petrified  carbonate  of  lime, 
found  in  some  parts  of  Germany  and  other  por- 
tions of  the  globe;  so  called,  because  it  has  been 
supposed  to  possess  the  power  of  favouring  the 
formation  of  callus  in  fractures.  It  is  the  Chauz 
carbonatee  concrelionnee  incrustante  of  Haiiy. 
Not  used. 

OSTEOCOPUS,  Ostealgia,  Osteodynia, 
from  ocrrsov,  'a  bone,'  and  y.onvq,  'fatigue.'  An 
epithet  given  to  pains  felt  in  bones,  which  are 
commonly  owing  to  constitutional  syphilis. 

OSTEODYNIA,  Osteocopus. 

OSTEOGENIA,  Ossification. 

OSTEOG'RAPHY,  Osteogra'phia,  from  ocr- 
rsov, 'a  bone,'  and  yQaysiv,  'to  describe.'  De- 
scription of  the  bones.  The  part  of  anatomy 
which  describes  the  bones. 

OSTEOL1THOS,  Osteocolla. 

OSTEOL'OGY,  Osteolog"ia,  from  ocrrsov,  'a 
bone,'  and  Xoyog,  'a  discourse.'  The  part  of 
anatomy  which  treats  of  bones. 

OSTEOMALACIA,  Mollities  ossium— o.  In- 
fantum,  Rachitis. 

OSTEON,  Bone— o.  Hieron,  Sacrum. 

OSTEON'OSI,  Osteonu'si,  from  ocrrsov,  'a 
bone,'  and  vocroc-,  'a  disease.'  Mor'bi  os'tium. 
Diseases  of  the  bones. 

OSTEOPEDION,  Lithopjedion. 

OSTEOPOLIN'CLASIS,  fromoa-Ttor, 'a 
bone,'  7io?.n;  'again,'  and   r.).a<n<;,  'fracture.' 


OSTEOPSATHYROSIS 


541 


OTOPLASTICE 


The  breaking  again  of  a  bone,  which  has  united 
unfavourably. 

OSTEOPSATHYROSIS,  Fracnlitas  ossium. 

OSTEO-SAROO'JVIA,  Osteo-sarco'&is,  Sarces- 
io'sis,  from  ovrcov,  'bone,'  and  <r  ay;-,  'flesh.' 
Disease  of  the  bony  tissue,  which  consists  in 
softening  of  its  lamina,  and  their  transforma- 
tion into  a  fleshy  substance,  analogous  to  that 
of  cancer,  and  which  is  accompanied  with  ge- 
neral symptoms  of  cancerous  affection.  The 
word  has  often,  also,  been  used  synonymously 
with  spina  ventosa. 

OSTEOSARCOSIS,  Mollifies  ossium. 

OSTEO-STEATO'MA,  Exostosis  steatoma- 
to'des,  from  oa-ztov, '  a  bone,'  and  s-rsao,  '  suet  or 
fat.'  A  name  given  to  bony  tumours  or  degene- 
rations, which  sometimes  belong  to  osteo-sarco- 
ma;  at  others  to  spina  ventosa,  exostosis,  &c. 

OSTEOSIS,  Ossification. 

OSTEOT'OMIST;  same  etymon  as  the  next. 
An  instrument,  invented  by  Dr.  D.  Davis,  for 
cutting  the  bones  of  the  fojtal  cranium,  where 
it  becomes  necessary  to  greatly  reduce  the  size 
of  the  head  in  parturition. 

OSTEOT'OMY,  Ostcotom'ia,  from  orrsov,  'a 
bone,'  and  rcfcrtiv,  '  to  cut.'  The  part  of  prac- 
tical anatomy  whose  object  is  the  dissection  of 
bones. 

OSTHEXIA,  see  Ossification. 

OSTIARIUS,  Pylorus. 

OSTITIS,  Ostalgitis. 

OS'TIUM,  Orifidfium,  a  door  or  gate; — of 
the  heart,  for  example.  The  opening  between 
the  auricle  and  ventricle  of  each  side;  Oa'tium 
vtno'sum,  that  of  the  right  side;  Os'lium  arte- 
rio'sum,  that  of  the  left. 

Ostium  U'teri.  The  vulva;  the  vagina; — 
the  neck  of  the  uterus. 

Ostium  Ventriculi  Duodenale  seu  Pvloiu- 
cum  seu  Dextrum  seu  Inferids,  Pylorus. 

OSTOIDEA  SUBSTANTIA,  see  Tooth. 

OS'TREA,  Ostreum,  (F  )  Hultre.  The  oys- 
ter. The  oyster  is  a  wholesome  article  of  diet, 
often  advised  as  analeptic  and  easy  of  digestion. 

The  shells,  Testae  Oslrese,  Testa,  (Ph.  U.  S.) 
(F.)  llcaille.s  d'hutlres,  have  been  received  into 
the  Pharmacopoeias,  and  used  medicinally. 
Their  virtues  are  similar  to  those  of  the  car- 
bonate of  lime.     See  Greta. 

OSTREUM,  Ostrea. 

OSTRITES,  Osteocolla. 

OSTRUTHIUM,  Imperatoria. 

OSYRIS,  Antirhinum  linaria. 

OTACOUS'TIC,  Olacous'ticvs;  from  ovg, 
<otos;  'the  ear,'  and  ccxovuj,  'I  listen.'  Any  in- 
strument is  so  called  which  improves  the  sense 
of  hearing, — as  the  different  species  of  trumpets. 

OTAGRA,  Otalgia. 

OTAL'GIA,  Ot'agra,  Otod'ync,  from  ov?,  'the 
ear,'  and  a/.yog,  'pain.'  Pain  in  the  ear;  Do/or 
aurium,  Spasmus  au'rium,  Earache.    See  Otitis. 

OTAL'GIC,  Otal'gicus.  An  epithet  for  re- 
medies used  in  otalgia. 

OTEN'GHYTES,  Oten'chyta,  from  oo?, 'the 
ear,'  tv,  'into,'  and  ^vu>,'l  pour.'  Sypho-auri- 
cula'ris.  A  species  of  syringe,  used  for  in- 
jecting the  ear. 

OTHONE.  Linteum. 

OTHONION,  Linteum. 

O'TICUM,  from  ovq,  coro?,  'the  ear.'  A  me- 
dicine employed  in  diseases  of  the  ear. 

OricuM  Ganglion,  Otic  ganglion.  Auricular 
ganglion,    Ganglion  mazillo-lympanique.    This 


is  a  small  ganglion,  although  more  than  double 
the  size  of  the  ophthalmic,  ash-coloured  and 
pulpy  like  the  ganglions  of  the  sympathetic. 
It  is  situate  in  advance  of  the  ganglion  of  Gas- 
ser,  on  the  lower  surface  of  the  inferior  maxil- 
lary nerve  at  the  inner  margin  of  the  foramen 
ovale  of  the  sphenoid  bone.  See  Petrous  gan- 
glion. 

OTIRRHCE'A,  Otorrhea,  Bhnnotorrhm'a, 
(F.)  Catarr/ie  de  VoieUle,  Pyo-otorrhee,  from  ovg, 
'the  ear,'  and  qew,  'I  flow.'  Discharge  of  a 
puriform  liquid  from  the  meatus  auditorius  ex- 
ternus.  It  is  a  symptom  of  chronic  otitis. 
Some  authors  have,  indeed,  used  the  term 
synonymously  with  chronic  otitis.  When  it 
extends  to  the  brain,  it  is  termed  cer' ebral  otor- 
rhai'a;  and  when  from  the  middle  or  internal 
ear,  it  is  termed  internal,  otorrhcea,  Olorrhce'a 
inter'na,  and  Entotorrkce'a. 

Otirrhgsa,  Cerebral,  see  Otirrhoea. 

OT1TES,  see  Digitus. 

OTI'TIS,  Empres'mn  otitis,  fnflamma'lio  auris, 
Inflammation  of  the  ear,  (F.)  Inflammation  de 
I'oreille.  Inflammation  of  the  mucous  mem- 
brane of  the  ear,  characterized  by  excruciating 
paiis;  insupportable  humming  in  the  ear,  with 
a  discharge  of  mucus  generally  from  the  meatus 
externus  or  from  the  Eustachian  tube.  When 
the  inflammation  is  restricted  to  the  lining  mem- 
brane of  the  meatus,  it  is  termed  otitis  calar- 
rha'lis.  Otitis  is  divided  into  external  or  inter- 
nal, according  as  it  affects  the  meatus  audito- 
rius, or  the  cavity  of  the  tympanum  or  internal 
ear.  It  may  be  acute  or  chronic.  Acute  otitis 
commonly  terminates  in  a  few  days  in  a  favour- 
able manner,  with  the  aid  of  antiphlogistics. 
Chronic  otitis,  otirrhafa,  (q.  v.)  is  almost  always 
accompanied  by  a  purulent  discharge  from  the 
meatus  auditorius.  It  is  often  incurable,  and 
may  ultimately  give  occasion  to  disease  of  the 
internal  ear,  and  even  of  the  brain. 

Otitis  Catatirhalis,  see  Otitis. 

OTOCEPHALUS,  from  ov?,  'the  ear,*  and 
KicfaXt],  'head.'  A  monster,  whose  ears  are  in 
contact  or  united  into  one. 

OTOCONIES,  see  Otolithi. 

OTODYiNE,  Otalgia. 

OTOGLYPHIS,  Earpick. 

OTOG'RAPHY,  Ologra'phia;  from  cue,  'the 
ear,'  and  ynaipt},  'a  description.'  The  part  of 
anatomy  which  describes  the  ear. 

OTOL'ITHI,  (F.)  Otolithes,  from  ov?,  '  the 
ear,'  and  At£os,  'a  stone.'  White  calcareous 
substances  contained  in  the  membranous  vesti- 
bule, and  seeming  to  be  suspended  in  the  fluid 
of  the  vestibule  by  means  of  a  number  of  ner- 
vous filaments  proceeding  from  the  auditory 
nerve.  Their  universal  presence  in  the  ear  of 
the  mammalia  would  seem  to  show  that  they 
are  inservient  to  audition.  When  of  a  looser 
consistence,  they  are  called  Oloconies,  from  ovg, 
'the  ear,'  and  zona,  'dust.' 

OTOL'OGY,  Otolog"ia;  from  ov?,  'the  ear,' 
and  hvyit;,  'a  discourse.'  The  part  of  anatomy 
which  treats  of  the  ear.  An  anatomical  trea- 
tise on  the  ear. 

OTOPATHY,  Otopathi'a, from ov?,  'the  ear,' 
and  TtaSog,  '  a  disease.'  A  diseased  condition 
of  the  ear. 

OTOPLASTICE,  from  ovc,  'the  ear,*  and 
nluTxiy.oc,  '  forming.'     The  operation  for  re- 
i  storing  a  lost  ear. 


OTORRHCEA 


542 


OXAL1S  ACETOSELLA 


OTORRHCEA,  Otirrhcea— o.  Cerebral,  see 
Otirrhoea — o.  Interna,  see  Otirrhoea. 

OTOTOMY,  Ototom'ia  ,■  from  ov?,  '  the  ear,' 
and  rtuvtiv,  '  to  cut.'  The  part  of  practical 
anatomy  which  teaches  the  mode  of  dissecting 
and  preparing  the  ear. 

OULA,  Gingiva. 

OULE,  Cicatrix. 

OUNCE,  Un'cia,  A  weight,  equal  to  the  16th 
part  of  a  pound  avoirdupois,  the  12th  of  a  pound 
troy.  It  is  composed  of  8  drachms.  See 
Weights  and  Measures. 

OURAQUE,  Urachus. 

OUREMA,  Urine. 

OURON,  Urine. 

OURLES,  Parotis,  Cynanche  parotide. 

OUS,  Ear. 

OUTRE  MER,  Lapis  lazuli. 

OUVERTURE  CADAVERIQXJE,  Autopsia 
cadaverica. 

OVAL,  Ova'lis,-  from  ovum,  'an  egg.'  That 
which  is  round  and  oblong  like  an  egg. 

Ova  lis  Fossa,  Val'vu/a  seu  Vestig"  ium  Foram' - 
inis  ovalis,  is  a  depression  observed  in  the  right 
auricle  of  the  heart,  on  the  septum,  which  se- 
parates it  from  the  left  auricle.  It  has  thick 
and  strong  edges,  at  its  upper  and  fore  part, 
called  Colum'nx  foramfinis  ova'lis,  Isthmus 
Vieusse'nii  vel  An'nulus  fossae  oralis,-  in  the 
foetus  called  an'nulus  foram' inis  vel  fossae  ova'lis. 
The  fossa  ovalis,  in  the  adult,  replaces  the  in- 
ter-auricular aperture  in  the  septum,  which,  in 
the  foetus,  is  called  foramen  ovu'lS,  (F.)  Trou 
ovale,  Trou  de  Botal. 

Ova'le  Foramen,  Foramen  o'o'des,  (F.)  Trou 
evale,-  the  foramen  obturatorium;  also  the  fora- 
men in  the  inner  paries  of  the  middle  ear, 
which  opens  into  the  vestibule;  and  the  fora- 
men in  the  sphenoid  bone,  through  which  the 
third  branch  of  the  fifth  pair  issues  from  the 
cranium. 

O'VARISTS,  Ovists.  Sameetymon.  Those 
physiologists  who  think  that  the  phenomena  of 
generation,  in  the  human  species  and  in  every 
species  of  animal,  result  from  the  development 
of  the  ova  or  ovula  of  the  female,  merely  in- 
cited by  the  male.  Not  many  of  the  physiolo- 
gists of  the  present  day  can  be  classed  among  the 
ovarists. 

OVARITIS,  Oaritis. 

OVA'RIUM.  Same  etymon.  The  Ovary, 
Testis  rtmlie'lris,  T.  femineus,  Oar'ion,  Oopk'- 
oron.  The  ovaries  are  the  organs  in  which  the 
ova  are  formed  in  oviparous  animals.  By  ana- 
logy, the  name  has  been  given  to  the  organs 
which  the  ancients  called  the  testicles  of  the 
female.  They  are  two  ovoid  bodies,  almost  as 
large  as  the  testicles  in  men,  placed  on  each 
side  of  the  uterus,  between  the  Fallopian  tube 
and  round  ligament,  and  in  the  substance  of  the 
broad  ligament.  Their  outer  extremity  gives 
attachment  to  one  of  the  projections  of  the 
fimbriated  extremity  of  the  Fallopian  tube;  and 
the  internal  is  fixed  to  the  uterus  by  a  small 
ligamentous  cord,  called  Ligamcn'tum  rolun'- 
dum  ova'rii.  The  ovaries  are  composed  of  a 
very  close,  spongy  texture, — stroma, — and  of 
small  vesicles  filled  with  a  clear  fluid;  these 
vesicles  contain  ovules,  which  detach  them- 
selves from  the  ovarium  before  and  after  fecun- 
dation, and  are  carried  into  the  cavity  of  the 
uterus  by  the  Fallopian  tube. 

Ovarium  Nabothi,  Nabothi  glandulse. 


OVERO  BUTUA.  Pareira  brava. 

OVICAPSULES,  Folliculi  Graafiani. 

OVIUUCTUS  MULIEBRIS,  Tuba  Fallopiana, 

OVIP'AROUS,  Ovip'arus;  from  ovum,  'an 
egg,'  and  pa'rio,  '1  bring  forth.'  An  epithet 
applied  to  animals  which  are  hatched  from  eggs 
outside  of  the  body.     See  Generation. 

OVISACS,  Folliculi  Graafiani. 

OVISTS,  Ovarists. 

OVOLOG\,Oolo2ia. 

OVO-VIVIP'AROUS;  from  ovum,  'an  egg,5 
vivus,  'living,'  and  parere,  'to  bring  forth.' 
Oviparous  animals,  whose  ova  are  hatched 
within  the  mother, — vipers,  for  example.  See 
Generation. 

OVULA  GRAAFIANA,  Folliculi  Graafiani 
— o.  Nabothi,  Nabothi  glandular. 

OVULINE,  Decidua  reflexa: 

OVUM,  iooj',  Oon,  an  egg.  The  eggs  of  poul- 
try are  chiefly  used  as  food.  The  different 
parts  are,  likewise,  employed  in  medicine.  The 
shell,  Jlurun'cum,  Aurau'lum,  (F.)  Coque  d'auf, 
Coquille  aVauf,  calcined,  is  esteemed  an  ab- 
sorbent. The  Oil  of  the  egg  is  emollient,  and 
is  used,  externally,  to  burns  and  chaps.  The 
Yolk  of  the  egg — I'itellum  ovi — renders  oils,  &c. 
miscible  with  water.  Eggs,  when  lightly  boiled, 
are  easy  of  digestion;  but,  when  very  hard- 
boiled  or  fried,  they  are  more  rebellious. 

Jn  Pharmacy,  white  of  egg,  which  consists 
chiefly  of  albumen,  is  used  for  clarifying  syrups, 
&.c.  Yolk  of  egg,  (F.)  Jaune  d'ceuf,  beaten  up 
with  warm  water  and  sugar,  and  aromatized 
with  orange-flower  water,  forms  an  emulsion, 
which  is  emollient,  and  known  under  the  name 
— hail  de  poule  or  chicken's  milk. 

Anatomists  give  the  name  Ova,  (F.)  OZufs, 
to  round  vesicles,  containing  a  humour  similar 
to  the  white  of  egg,  which  are  situate  in  the 
ovaries  of  the  female,  and,  when  fecundated, 
constitute  the  rudiments  of  the  foetus.  During 
gestation,  the  embryo  and  its  enveloping  mem- 
branes retain  the  name  Ovum,  (F.)  (Euf.  The 
changes  induced  in  the  mammalia  after  impreg- 
nation greatly  resemble  those  in  the  bird. 

Ovum,  Testicle — o.  Hystericum,  see  Clavu3 
hystericus. 

OXALAS  SUBPOTASSICUS,  Potass,  oxa- 
late of. 

OXALAT'IC,  Oxalat'icus.  Relating  to  Oxa- 
lates: hence  Oxa/atic  Diathesis  is  the  habit  of 
body  which  favours  the  formation  and  deposi- 
tion of  oxalates  from  the  urine. 

OXAL'IC  ACID,  Acidum  oxali'num,  A  sac- 
chari'num,  A.  hydro-car bon'icvvi,  A.  acetosel'lse, 
A.  oxal'icum,  Acidum  sae'ehari,  Acid  of  sugar; 
Acid  of  sorrel,  Car'borious  acid,  from  s;umc, 
'sorrel.'  An  acid  found  in  sorrel.  It  crystal- 
lizes in  long,  colourless,  quadrangular  prisms, 
and  is  generally  found,  in  nature,  united  with 
lime  or  potassa.  It  has  been  proposed,  in  a  di- 
luted state,  as  a  refrigerant,  but  it  is  unneces- 
sary;  and,  besides,  in  quantity,  it  is  a  virulently 
acrid  poison.  It  is  largely  employed  for  clean- 
ing boot  tops;  and,  as  it  strongly  resembles  the 
sulphate  of  magnesia,  has  often  been  mistaken 
for  it.  Several  fatal  cases  are,  indeed,  on  record. 
For  its  antidotes,  &c. — See  Poison. 

OXALIDE,  Oxalis  acetosella. 

OX  A  LIS  ACETOSA,  Rumex  acetosa. 

Ox'alis  Acetosrl'i.a.  The  systematic  name 
of  the  Woodsorrel,  Cuckoicbread,  Sour  Trefoil, 
White  Sorrel,  Mountain  Sorrel,   Trifo'lium  cc«- 


OXALIUM 


543 


SIMPLE  OXYMEL 


to*  sum,  Oxi/ri/)ltijl'lum,  Lujula,  AUelu'ja,  Actto- 
scl'lu,  Oxyphyl' Ion,  Oxytriphyllon,  Panis  cu'culi, 
(Y.)  Surelle,  Oxalide,  Pain  a  Coucou,  Alleluia. 
Family,  Geranice.     Sex.  Sysl.  Decandria  Deca- 
gynia.    This  plant  has  a  gratefully  acid  taste, 
and  is  used   in  salads.     It  has  been  esteemed 
refrigerant,  antiscorbutic,  and  diuretic. 
OXALIUM,  Potass,  oxalate  of. 
OXAL'ME,  from  oi-ue,  'acid,'  and  'ctZg,  'salt.' 
A  mixture  of  vinegar  and  salt. 
OXALURIA,  Urine,  oxalic. 
OXELiE'ON,  from  o£uc,   'acid,'  and  iXaiov, 
'oil.'     A  mixture  of  vinegar  and  oil,  used  as  a 
condiment. 

OX  EYE,  Helenium  autumnale. 
OX  GALL,  Bile  of  the  Ox. 
OX1D.  Oxyd. 
OXIDATION,  Oxyd. 
OXIDE,  Oxyd. 

OXI'iNES,    oi-it>;s,   oivog,  from   o%ue,    'acid.' 
Wine  already  sour,  but  not  yet  vinegar. 
OXITR1PHYLLUM,  Oxalis  acetosella. 
OXODES,  Acidulous. 
OXOS,  Aceticum  acidum. 
OXYA,  Fagus  sylvatica. 
OXYBAPHON,  see  Acetabulum. 
OXYCANTHA,  Mespilus  oxyacantha. 
Oxvcan'tha    Gale'ni,    Ber'beris,    Ber'- 
beris  vulga'ris,  Spina  ad'ida,   Crespinus,    (F.) 
itpine  vinettr,    Vinetlicr.      Family    Berberideae. 
Sex.    Syst.  Hexandria  Monogynia.     The   Bar' - 
berry.     The  fruit  of  the   berries  is   gratefully 
acid,  and  moderately  astringent.,    By  prepaiing 
an  alcoholic   extract  of  the    root  and    adding 
water  to  it,  a  pulverulent  brown   substance   is 
thrown  down,  which  when  dissolved  in  alcohol 
and  evaporated  yields  the  bitter  principle,  Ber- 
berin.     It  is  an  excellent  stomachic  in  the  dose 
of  2,  o,  or  10  grains. 

The  American  Barberry,  Ber'beris  Canaden'- 
sis,  Pipperidge  Bush,  Sowberry,  differs  slightly 
from  the  European.  It  flourishes  on  mountains 
and  hilly  districts  from  Canada  to  Virginia. 
OXYCOCCOS,  Vaccinium  oxycoccos. 
OX'YCRATE,  Oxycra'  turn,  from  thvg,  'acid,' 
and  KQttm,  'I  mix.'  Posca,  Phusca.  A  mixture 
of  vinegar  and  water;  frequently  used  in  me- 
dicine as  refrigerant  and  antiseptic. 

OXYCRO'CEUM  EMPLASTRUM,  from 
olvg,  'acid,'  and  xooxog,  'saffron.'  A  plaster, 
composed  of  saffron,  pitch,  colophony,  yellow 
wax,  turpentine,  galbanum,  gum  ammoniac, 
myrrh,  olibanum,  and  mastic.  It  was  employed 
as  a  strengthening  plaster. 
OXYCUM,  Oxygen. 

OXYD,  Ozid,  Oxide,  Oxyde,  Ox'ydum,  from 
o£u?,  'acid.'  A  combination,  not  acid,  of  a 
simple  body  with  oxygen. 

OXYDA'TION,    Oxyda'tio,  Oxida'tion,  Oxy- 
genation.    The   action   of  oxydizing  a  body; 
that  is,  of  combining  it  with  oxygen;  a  combi- 
nation from  which  results  an  oxyd. 
O\YDE,0xyd. 

Oxyde,  Cystic.  A  species  of  urinary  cal- 
culus, having  the  shape  of  confused,  yellowish, 
semi-transparent,  insipid,  very  hard  crystals. 
When  distilled,  it  furnishes  subcarbonate  of 
ammonia,  like  all  azoled  matters.  It  dissolves 
in  the  nitric,  sulphuric,  phosphoric,  and  oxalic 
acids. 

OXYDE  DANTIMOLVE  SULFUR^,  Oxy- 
dum Btibii  sulphuratum. 

OXYDER'CICUS,    Oxyder'ces,    from    o^s, 


'sharp,'  and  Scqxv),  'I  see.'     A  medicine  which 
sharpens  the  sight. 

OXYDUM,  Oxyd— o.  Antimonii  cum  phos- 
phate calcis,  Antimonial  powder. 

Oxydum  Ferri  Nigrum,  Black  oxyd  of  iron. 
The  scales,  which  fall  from  iron,  when  heated, 
consist  of  iron,  combined  with  oxygen.  They 
have  been  used  like  the  chalybeates  in  general. 
Oxydum  Ferricum  Crystai.lizatum  Nati- 
vum,  Haematites— o.  Hydrargyri  completum, 
Hydrargyri  nitricooxydum  —  o.  Hydrargyri- 
cum,  Hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydum — o.  Hydrar- 
gyiicum  praeparatum,  Hydrargyri  oxydum  cine- 
reum — o.  Hydrargyrosum,  Hydrargyri  oxydum 
cinereum. 

Oxydum  Stibii  Sulphura'tum,  Hepar  anti- 
mo'nii.  Crocus  metallo'rum,  Crocus  uniimo'nii, 
(F.)  Oxyde  d'anlimoine  sulfuri,  Foie  d'Airfi- 
moine.  This  was  formerly  exhibited  in  the 
cure  of  fevers,  but  it  is  now  rarely  employed. 

OX YG' ALA,  from  »ivg,  'sour,'  and  yxXa, 
'milk.'  Sour  milk.  The  Oxygala  equi'nurn, 
Caracos'mos,  is  reckoned  amongst  the  delicacies 
of  the  Tartars. 

OXYG'ARON,  from  o^u?,  'acid,'  and  yaqov, 
'garum.'  A  composition  of  garum  and  vinegar. 
OX'YGEN,  Oxygen'ium,  Empy'reul  air,  Pure 
air,  Vital  air,  Dephlogis'ticaled  air,  Oxygenes, 
Ox'ycum,  Princip'ium  oxyg"enans  sen  oxygeneli- 
cum  seu  acid'ijicans  seu  ad'idum,  Elemen'lum 
acidif'icum,  (F.)  Air  du  feu;  from  o$ug,  'acid,' 
and  yuvufiai,  'I  engender,'  i.  e.  generator  of 
acids,-  and  such  it  was  believed  to  be,  exclu- 
sively, at  the  period  when  the  name  was  given 
to  it.  This  is  now  known  not  to  be  the  case. 
Oxygen  is  largely  distributed  in  nature.  It  ex- 
ists in  the  air,  in  water,  in  several  acids,  all  the 
oxyds  and  all  the  salts,  except  in  some  ammo- 
niacal  salts,  and  in  vegetable  and  animal  sub- 
stances, &c.  It  is  obtained  by  decomposing  the 
peroxyd  of  manganese  or  the  chlorate  of  potassa 
by  heat  and  in  close  vessels.  Although  oxy- 
gen, in  the  state  of  admixture  in  which  it  is 
found  in  the  atmosphere,  is  of  vital  impor- 
tance, it  cannot  be  respired  in  a  pure  state  with 
impunity.  Animals  die  in  it  long  before  the 
whole  of  the  oxygen  is  consumed.  The  proper- 
ties of  oxygen  seem  to  be  stimulant.  It  in- 
creases the  force  and  velocity  of  the  pulse,  and 
has,  accordingly,  been  used  in  cases  of  chronic 
debility,  chlorosis,  asthma,  scrofula,  dropsy, 
paralysis,  &c.  It  requires  to  be  diluted  with 
from  10  to  20  parts  of  atmospheric  air;  one  to 
two  quarts  being  given  during  the  day. 
OXYGENATlOiN,  Oxydation. 
OXYG&NM.SES.  A  name  given  by  Baumes 
to  diseases  which  he  attributed  to  disordered 
oxygenation. 

OXYG'LICUS,  Oxyg'lices,  from  c£uc,  'acid,' 
and  y?.vx.vc,  '  sweet.'  Mulsa  acida,  Ace' turn 
muhum  dulcS.  Prepared  by  macerating  and 
boiling  honey-comb  (from  which  the  greater 
part  of  the  honey  has  been  taken)  in  water,  and 
addinir  vinegar.     An  oxi/mel. 

OXYLAPATHUM,  Rumex  acutus. 
OX'YMEL,   Apom'eli,   Met    uccta'tum,   from 
uzvg,   'acid,'   and   ^'Xi,   'honey.'     Honey   and 
vinegar  boiled  to  a  syrup  consistence. 

Simple  Osymf.l,  Oxymcl  simplex,  is  prepared 
os  follows;  (MilJis  despumuti  Ibij,  acidi  ar.etici 
Ibj.  Boil  in  a  glass  vessel,  over  a  slow  fire,  to 
a  proper  thickness.  Ph.  I..)  It  is  cooling; — 
externally,  detergent. 


OXYMEL  jERUGINIS 


544 


PACHYBLEPHARON 


Oxymel  /Eruginis,  Linimentum  iEruginis. 

Oxymel  Col'chici,  Oxymel  of  meadow  saf- 
fron, (F.)  Oxymel  colchique.  (Rad.  colch.  re- 
cent, in  laminas  tenues  sectcc  §j,  aceti  deslillati 
lbj,  mellis.  despumat.  pond.  Ibij.  Macerate  in  a 
gentle  heat  for  48  hours.  Press  and  boil  the 
liquor  with  the  honey  to  the  thickness  of  a 
syrup;  stirring  with  a  wooden  spoon.  Ph.  D.) 
It  is  expectorant  and  diuretic.  Dose,  f.  gj,  in 
gruel. 

OXYMEL  COLCHfQ,UA,  O.  colchici— o.  of 
Meadow  saffron,  O.  colchici. 

Oxymel  Scill-E,  Oxymel  of  squills,  Mel  scilla, 
Oxymel  scillil' icum.  {Mellis.  despumat.  Ibiij, 
aceti  scillm  Oij.  Boil  in  a  glass  vessel  over  a 
gentle  fire  to  a  proper  consistence.  It  is  re- 
puted to  be  expectorant  and  diuretic.     Dose  3J.) 

Oxymel  of  Squill,  O.  scillse. 

OXYMYRRHINE,  Ruscus. 

OXYMYRSINE,  Ruscus. 

OXYiNGIUM,  Adeps  suilla. 

OX Y NITRON,  from  o^vg,  'acid,'  and  vitqov, 
'nitre.'  Name  of  a  plaster,  composed  chiefly 
of  vinegar   and    nitre,  and   recommended  by 

OXYNOSEMA,  Acute  disease. 

OXYNOSOS,  Acute  disease. 

OXYNUSOS,  Acute  disease. 

OXYO'PIA,  Acies  visits,  from  o$vc,  'quick,' 
and  wxp,  'sight.'  Excessive  acuteness  of  the 
sense  of  sight.  Instances  have  occurred,  where 
persons  could  see  the  stars  in  the  daytime. 
The  cause  is  seated  in  great  sensibility  of  the 
retina.  The  term  has  been  used  synonymously 
with  nyctalopia  (q.  v.) 

OXYOSPHRESIA,  from  o£vs,  '  acute,'  and 
ooqQijO-ig,  'smell.'  Acuteness  of  the  sense  of 
smell. 

OXYPHLEGMA'SIA,  ttvQleypaoia,  Acuta 
t,t  vehemcns  inflammatio.  A  very  violent  in- 
flammation. 

OXYPHO'NIA,  Vox  acu'ta;  from  o%vg, 
'sharp,' and  <pmvr],  'voice;'  Purapho'nia  clan- 
gens,  P.  ulcero'sa,  Leptopho'niu.  A  shrill  and 
squalling  voice;  frequently,  a  symptom  of  mor- 
bid affection  of  the  larynx. 

OXYPHGENICON,  Tamarindus. 

OXYPHYLLON,  Oxalis  acelosella. 

OXYPROTEIN,  see  Corium  pblogisticum. 


OXYREG'MIA,  Acidus  ruclus,  from  ogvfj 
'sour,' and  t  oivyu>, '  I  belch.'     Acid  eruclation9. 

OXYR'IA  REN1FORMIS,  Rumez  dig"ynvs, 
Boreal  sourdock,  mountain  Sorrel,  Welsh  sorrel. 
A  plant,  Sex.  S(/sf.Diandria  digynia,  which  grows 
in  the  northern  parts  of  America  and  Europe; 
blossoming  in  the  spring.  It  possesses  the  same 
properties  as  oxalis  acetosella. 

OXYRRHOD'INON,  from  o%vg,  'acid,'  and 
qoSov,  '  a  rose,'  A  composition  of  vinejrar  and 
roses'.  (01.  Rosat.  ^'ij.acet.  rosat.  I5J.)  Used  as 
a  liniment  in  herpes  and  erysipelas. 

OXYS,  Acetum  acute. 

OXYSAC'CHARUM,  from  olvg,  'acid,'  and 
aay./aQov,  'sugar.'  A  mixture  of  sugar  arid 
vinegar.  It  was  called  Oxxjsac' charum  vomiti'- 
vurn,  when  it  held  in  solution  the  glass  of  anti- 
mony; and  Ozy sac' charum  scillit'icum,  when  it 
contained  squills. 

OXYSAL  DIAPHORETIC UM  AN'GELI 
SALiE.  A  preparation  of  Angelo  Sala.  Ace- 
tate of  potass  exposed  to  the  atmosphere;  and, 
consequently,  fallen  into  a  state  of  deliquium. — 
Ortila. 

OXYTARTARUS,  Potassa?  acetas. 

OXYTOCIC,  Oxyt'ocus,  from  o^wg,  '  quick,' 
and  tiztu),  'I  bring  forth.'  A  medicine,  which 
promotes  delivery. 

OXYTRIPHYLLON,  Oxalis  acetosella. 

OXYURE  VERM1CULAIRE,  Ascaris  ver- 
micularis. 

OXYURIS  VERMICULARIS,  Ascaris  ver- 
micularis. 

OYSTER  ROOT.Tragopogon— o.  Shells,  Os- 
treaa  testae — o.  Prepared,  Testa  pr.-eparata. 

OZiE'NA,  Cory'za  enlon'ica,  C.  ozseno'sa,  C. 
ulcero'sa,  Coryza  virulcn'ta,  C.  malig'na,  Rhi- 
ni'tis  ulcero'sa,  Ulcus  na'iium  fattens,  from  o"c>, 
'I  smell  of  something.'  (F.)  Ozhne,  Punaisuf. 
An  affection  of  the  pituitary  membrane,  which 
gives  occasion  to  a  disagreeable  odour,  similar 
to  that  of  a  crushed  bed-bug:  hence  the  name 
Punais,  by  which  the  French  designate  one  la- 
bouring under  ozana,  It  is,  sometimes,  owing 
to  caries  of  the  bones;  but  is,  perhaps,  most 
frequently  dependent  upon  syphilitic  ulceration 
of  the  pituitary  membrane,  with  or  without 
caries  of  the  bones  of  the  nose. 

OZEjYE,  Ozena. 


P. 


P.  A  contraction  of  Pugilhis.~] 

P.  M.  A  contraction  of  Partes  |  gee  AbbrPvia. 
xquales.  y         .■ 

P.  P.  A  contraction  of  Pulcis  | 
patrum.  J 

PAB'ULUM,  TrophS,  PhorbS,  Mimen'tum. 
Food,  aliment.  The  animal  heat  and  animal  spi- 
rits— unmeaning  terms — were  formerly  consi- 
dered the  Pabulum  vitx. 

PACCHIO'NI  GLANDS  OF,  Glan'dulm 
Duras  Mat r is,  G.  durae  Menin'gis,  Tuber'cula 
parva  durae  mains,  Cor'pora  gland f or' mia  dune 
matris,  (F.)  Granulations  cerebrates.  Small, 
whitish,  or  yellowish  bodies,  sometimes  sepa- 
rate, at  others  united  like  a  bunch  of  grapes. 
which  are  observed  in  several  parts  of  the  dura 
and  pia  mater.  They  receive  vessels,  but  ap- 
parently no  nerves.     Their  texture  and  uses  are 


unknown.  A  considerable  number  is  observed 
in  the  longitudinal  sinus,  covered  by  the  internal 
membrane. 

PACH^E'MIA,  Pachysomia,  from  nuyyi, 
'thick,'  and  'aiua,  'blood.'  Too  great  thick- 
ness of  the  blood. 

PACHE A B LEPH A RO'SIS,  Pacheahleph'nra, 
Pachybleph! aron,  Pachyblepharo'sis,  Pach'ytes, 
from  na/vg,  'thick,'  and  (IXefpanor,  'an  eyelid.' 
A  name  given,  by  some  authors,  to  a  thickening 
of  the  eyelids,  produced  by  tubercles  or  excres- 
cences formed  on  their  margins.  It  is  the  same 
affection  as  that  which  Siuvages  designates 
Cali'go  a  Pacheablepharo'si. 

PACHETOS,  see  Laqueus. 

PACHY^EMIA,  Pachajmia. 

P ACHYBLEP H ARON ,  Pacheablepharosis. 


PACHYCHOLIA 


545 


PALATE 


PAOHYCHOL'IA,  from  naXv?,  'thick,'  and 
jf>lr\.  'biU*.'     Morbid  thickness  of  the  bile. 

PACHYNTICA,  Incrassantia. 

PACHYTES,  Pacheablepharosis. 

PACINIAN  CORPUSCLES,  see  Corpuscles. 

PAD,  (S  )  Pajado,  from  paja,  'straw,' 
I'huaace'olus,  Pulvil'lus,  Partum  pulvi'nar,- — a 
cushion,  a  little  cushion,-  a  junk;  (F.)  Cous- 
sinct.  A  small  bag,  filled  with  feathers,  wool, 
hair,  bran,  chaff,  &c.  It  is  used  to  compress 
or  support  certain  parts.  In  the  treatment  of 
fractures,  soft  pads  or  cushions,  called  by  the 
French  Remplissages,  are  placed  between  the 
splints  and  the  fractured  limb,  in  order  that 
the  prominent  parts  may  not  be  chafed  by  the 
splints. 

PADNOON.Bitnoden. 

PADTJA,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Near 
Padua,  in  Italy,  there  are  several  thermal,  sul- 
phureous springs;  the  hottest  of  which  is  188° 
Fahr.  The  chief  establishments  are  Abano, 
Battnglia,  and  Montegrotto. 

PADUS,  Prunus  pad  us. 

PJSDICATIO,  Pcederastia. 

P^EDAN'CHONE,  from  nut?,  naiSog,  'a 
child,'  and  ayy<x>,  '  1  strangle.'  Angi'na  Sicca. 
Name  of  a  fatal  species  of  cynanche,  mentioned 
by  M.  A.  Severinus;  probably  the  Cynanche 
Trachcalis,  (q.  v.)  or  Cynanche  Maligna, 
(q.  v.) 

P^EDARTHROCACE,  Spina  ventosa. 

PiEDATROPH'lA,  from  naig,  naiSog,  'a 
child,'  a,  privative,  and  TQOipij,  '  nourishment.' 
Atrophy  of  children.     Tabes  mesenterica. 

P/EUathophia  Glandulosa,  Scrofula,  (q.  v.) 

P.-EDERAS'TIA,  Pxdogo'gium,  Pxdica'lio, 
from  naiq,  'a  boj','  and  towg,  '  love.'  The  love 
of  boys.  A  disgraceful  passion,  common  in  an- 
cient times,  but  now  unknown.  These  terms 
are  likewise  applied  to  the  crime  of  sodomy. 

PvEDlATRl'A,  Pxdiat'rica,  from  naig,  'a 
child,'  and  laroeia,  'medical  management.' 
Treatment  of  the  diseases  of  children. 

PJ3DICTERUS,  Icterus  infantum. 

PiEDOGOGIUM,  Pa3derastia. 

P^DOM'ETER,  from  nut;,  'a  child,'  and 
tnroov, '  measure.'  An  apparatus  for  taking  the 
dimensions  of  a  new-born  child. 

PjEDOPHLEBOTOM'IA,  from  naig,  'a 
rhild,'  (flap,  'a  vein,'  and  to^,  'incision.' 
Venxsec'lio  jiuero'rum.  Bleedincr  performed  on 
children. 

F.EDOT'RIBES,  Min'ister  Gymnas'tx,  from 
7Ta<c, '  a  child,'  and  r^ftix),  '  I  train.'  In  ancient 
gymnastics,  the  officer  acquainted  with  all  the 
prescribed  exercises,  and  who  carried  them 
into  effect,  according  to  the  directions  of  the 
superior. 

P^EO'NIA,  P.  officinalis,  Glycys'ide,  Hxina- 
go' gum,  Pe'ony,  or  Fi'ony,  male  and  female,  (F.) 
Piiuine,  Pione.  The  root,  flowers,  and  seeds 
were  long  esteemed  powerful  medicines.  They 
are  feebly  astringent,  and  have  been  considered 
to  be  narcotic  and  antispasmodic.  They  have 
been  given,  particularly,  in  intermittents  and 
epilepsy,  but  are  not  now  used.  The  flowers 
are  called  Rosx  bcnedic'lx,  R.  refgise. 

PAID  I  A,  Infancy. 

PAIDION,  Infans. 

PAIGIL,  Primula  veris. 

PAIN,  (old  F.)  painer,  'to  torment;'  Sax. 
pinan,  'to  torture.'  Dolor,  Afgos,  Algdma,  M- 
gc'do,  JHgt'sis,  Od'ynS,  (F.)  Douleur.     A  disa- 


greeable sensation,  which  scarcely  admits  of 
definition.  It  is  generally  symptomatic,  and  is 
called  acute,  (F.)  aigue,  when  very  violent: 
pungent,  (F.)  pongitive,  when  it  resembles  that 
which  would  be  produced  by  a  sharp  instru- 
ment inn  into  the  part:  heavy,  (F.)  grnvutive, 
when  attended  with  a  sensation  of  weight:  ten- 
sive, when  the  partseems  distended',  lun'cinafing, 
when  occurring  in  shoots:  lac" erating  or  tearing, 
when  the  part  seems  to  be  tearing:  burning, 
(F.)  brulante,  when  resembling  that  produced 
by  a  burn,  Slc. 

Pain,  Sun,  Hemicrania. 

PAIJY,  see  Triticum—  p.  a  Coucou,  Oxalis 
acetosella — p.  de  Madagascar,  Jatropha  manihot 
p.  de  Pourceau,  Cyclamen. 

PAINS,  AFTER,  see  P.  labour. 

Pains,  Labour  pains,  Farturien'lis  doh'res, 
Odin,  Doh/res  ad  partum,  Mai  d' Enfant,  Don- 
leurs.  The  uneasy  sensations  that  accompany 
labour,  and  are  owing  to  uterine  contraction. 
The  pains  that  precede  actual  delivery,  and  are 
simply  employed  in  dilating  the  os  uteri,  are 
called  grinding,-  those  which  extrude  the  child, 
forcing.  Those  which  take  place  in  the  first 
days  after  delivery,  and  are  employed  in  forcing 
away  coagula,  &c,  are  termed  After  pains,  Do- 
lu' res  post  partum,  D.  puerperal  mm,  (F.)  Tran- 
chces  utcrines. 

"  To  take  a  pain," — "  To  try  a  pain," — is  to 
make  an  examination  per  vaginam,  during  la- 
bour, to  discover  its  progress,  character,  &c. 

The  French  term  the  pains,  which  precede 
and  announce  labour,  mouches;  those  which 
accompany  it,  douleurs,-  and  those  which  oc- 
cur immediately  afterwards,  tranch'ees  ou  co- 
liques. 

PA  INT,  from  pingere,  pinctum, '  to  paint,  (I.) 
pinto,  (F.)  pcint.  Pigmen'tum,  Fucus,  (F.)  Fard. 
A  name  given  to  different  substances,  employed 
for  embellishing  the  complexion  or  rendering 
the  skin  softer.  The  substances  most  com- 
monly used  for  this  purpose  are: — the  Subni- 
tralc  of  Bismuth,  (F.)  Blanc  de  fard.  A  spiritu- 
ous solution  of  Benzoin,  precipitated  by  water, 
and  forming  the  Virgin  s  milk,  (F.)  Lait  virgi- 
nal; the  red  or  rouge  of  the  carthamus;  Spanish 
white,  the  oxides  of  lead,  tin,  and  mercury, 
vermilion,  red  saunders,  &c.  All  paints  may 
be  said  to  be  noxious.  They  injure  the  skin, 
obstruct  perspiration;  and,  thus,  frequently  lay 
the  foundation  for  cutaneous  affections.  See 
Cosmetic. 

Paint,  Indian,  Hydrastis  Canadensis,  San- 
guinaria  Canadensis — p.  Yellow,  Hydrastis  Ca- 
nadensis. 

PA  LUSTRA,  Gymnasium. 

PALAIS.  Palate. 

PALATAL,  Palatine. 

PALATE,  Pala'tum,  Hypero'a,  Uranis'cos,  the 
Roof  of  the  mouth,  Fossa  Palati'na,  Palatum 
stab'i/e,  (F.)  Palais.  The  upper  part  of  the 
cavity  of  the  mouth;  a  kind  of  parabolic  vault, 
formed  by  the  two  superior  maxillary  bones 
and  the  two  palate  bones,  covered  with  a  thick 
and  dense  mucous  membrane:  bounded,  before 
and  at  the  sides,  by  the  superior  dental  arch; 
and,  behind,  by  the  velum  palati.  A  whitish 
line  runs  along  the  middle,  from  before  to  be- 
hind; at  the  anterior  extremity  of  which  is  a 
tubercle  corresponding  to  the  inferior  orifice  of 
the  anterior  palatine  canal.  The  arteries  of  the 
palate  and  corresponding  gums   proceed  from 


PALATE,  FALLING  DOWN  OF  THE     546 


PALETTE 


the  palatine,  alveolar,  infra-orbitar,  labial,  and 
buccal  branches.  The  veins  follow  a  similar 
course.  The  nerves  are  given  off  from  the  pa- 
latine, facial,  infra-orbitar,  superior  dental,  and 
from  the  naso-palatine  ganglion. 

Palate,  Falling  down  of  the,  Uvulitis 

Palate,  Artificial,  (F.)  Obturateur  du  Pa- 
lais. A  plate  of  tortoise  shell,  silver,  &c,  used 
to  close  a  deficiency  of  the  palate. 

Palate  Bone,  Os  Pala'ti,  Os  Basila'rS,  (F.) 
Os  Palatin,  Os  du  Palais,  is  a  small  bone  of  an 
irregular  shape,  situate  at  the  posterior  part  of 
the  nasal  fossse  and  palate.  It  seems  formed  by 
the  union  of  two  bony  plates  joined  at  right  an- 
gles to  each  other;  so  that  one  is  inferior  and 
horizontal; — the  other,  superior  and  vertical. 
The  horizontal  or  palatine  portion  is  quadrila- 
teral. Its  upper  surface  forms  part  of  the  nasal 
fossa:;  the  lower,  of  the  palatine  arch,  and  con- 
tains the  inferior  orifice  of  the  posterior  palatine 
canal.  Its  anterior  edge  is  articulated  with  the 
palatine  process  of  the  superior  maxillary  bone ; 
the  posterior  is  free  and  sharp.  It  gives  at- 
tachment to  the  velum  palati,  and  presents  an 
eminence,  which,  when  joined  with  one  on  the 
opposite  side,  forms  the,'posterior  nasal  spine. 
Its  inner  edge  is  articulated  with  the  corre- 
sponding bone;  its  outer  is  confounded  with  the 
vertical  portion.  The  vertical  or  ascending  por- 
tion has  the  form  of  a  long  square.  The  inner 
surface  forms  part  of  the  outer  paries  of  the 
nasal  fossa?.  Its  outer  surface  is  unequal,  and 
is  articulated  with  the  superior  maxillary  bone; 
behind,  it  presents  a  vertical  groove,  which 
forms  part  of  the  posterior  palatine  canal;  and, 
above,  a  small  free  surface,  which  looks  into 
the  zygomatic  fossa.  Its  anterior  edge  is 
united  with  the  superior  maxillary  bone;  the 
posterior  is  unequal,  and  rests  on  the  internal 
alaof  the  pterygoid  process.  The  angle,  which 
it  forms  by  uniting  with  the  posterior  edge  of 
the  horizontal  portion,  presents  a  very  promi- 
nent pyramidal  eminence,  called  the  tuberosity 
of  the  palate  bone.  Its  upper  margin  is  sur- 
mounted by  two  eminences; — the  one,  ante- 
rior, called  the  orbitar  process,- — the  other,  pos- 
terior, the  sphenoid  process.  These  two  pro- 
cesses are  separated  by  an  almost  circular  notch, 
which  the  sphenoid  bone  forms  into  a  foramen, 
called  the  sphenopalatine. 

This  bone  appears  to  be  developed  from  a 
single  point  of  ossification.  It  is  articulated, 
with  the  sphenoid,  ethmoid,  the  cornua  sphe- 
noidalia,  superior  maxillary  bone,  the  inferior 
spongy  bone,  the  vomer,  and  its  fellow. 

Palate,  Soft,  Velum  pendulum  palati. 

PAL'ATINE,  Pal'atal,  Palati'nus,  from  pala- 
tum, 'the  palate.'  Relating  or  belonging  to  the 
palate. 

Palatine  or  Palatal  Arteries  are  two  in 
number.  They  are  distinguished  into,  1.  The 
superior  palatal  or  palatine,  Palati'na  descen'- 
dens  or  Palato-m.axU.lary,  which  leaves  the  in- 
ternal maxillary  behind  the  top  of  the  orbit; 
descends  into  the  ptery go- maxillary  fissure, 
and  enters  the  posterior  maxillary  canal.  Its 
branches  are  distributed  to  the  velum  palati 
and  the  nasal  fossa?.  2.  The  inferior  or  ascend- 
ing palatine  or  palatal,  which  is  very  small,  and 
separates  from  the  facial  near  its  origin.  It 
passes  along  the  lateral  and  superior  part  of  the 
pharynx,  between  the  pillars  of  the  velum  pa- 
lati, and  divides  into  a  number  of  ramusculi, 


which  are  distributed  to  the  pharynx,  the  cor- 
responding tonsil,  the  Eustachian  tube,  and  the 
velum  palati. 

Palatine  Canals  or  Ducts.  These  are  two 
in  number.  The  anterior,  Ductus  incisi'vus,  vel 
JYasa'lu-palati'nus,\s  situate  at  the  anterior  part 
of  the  palatine  arch,  and  is  formed  by  the  two 
superior  maxillary  bones.  It  is  single  beneath, 
but  opens  above  by  two  apertures,  one  into  each 
nasal  fossa.  The  foramen  is  called  the  Fore- 
men incisi'vum,  vel  F.  Palatinum  anle'rius,  F. 
Jilveola're'  anle'rius,  F.  cacum  ossis  rnaxilla'ris 
superio'ris.  The  posterior  palatine  canal  is  situate 
at  the  posterior  part  of  the  palate.  It  is  formed 
by  the  palate  and  superior  maxillary  bones, 
ascends  between  these  two  bones;  and,  in  its 
course,  gives  rise  to  two  or  three  small  accessary 
palatine  canals,  which  open  above  the  tuberosity 
of  the  palate  bone.  It  transmits  the  nerves  and 
vessels  which  bear  its  name.  The  foramen  is 
called,  F.  Palati' num.  posfe'rius,  F.  Palato-max- 
illa're,  F.  alveola're  poste'rius. 

Palatine  Membrane  is  the  fibro-mucous 
membrane  that  lines  the  palate  or  roof  of  the 
mouth. 

Palatine  or  Palatal  Nerves,  Gutturo- 
pala'ins,  (Ch.,)  are  three  in  number;  and  arise 
from  the  inferior  part  of  the  sphenopalatine 
ganglion.  1.  The  great  palatine,  Palatin  infi- 
rieur,  (Ch.,)  is  situate  anteriorly  to  the  two 
others,  and  descends  into  the  posterior  palatine 
canal;  gives  a  nasal  filament  and  a  staphyline 
filament,  and  is  distributed  on  the  palate.  2. 
The  middle  palatine,  Guttural,  (Ch.,)  which 
arises  behind  the  preceding;  enters  one  of  the 
accessary  palatine  canals,  and  is  distributed  to 
the  tonsils  and  velum  palati.  3.  The  little  pala- 
tine nerve,  situate  still  more  backward  than  the 
last,  which  loses  itself  by  several  filaments  in 
the  uvula,  tonsils,  and  follicles  of  the  palatine 
membrane. 

PALATITIS,  Isthmitis. 

PALA  TO-PHAR  YJ\rGIEJ\\  Palato-pharyn- 
geus — p.  Salpingeus,  Circumflexus— j9.  Salpin- 
gien,  Circumflexus. 

PALATO- PHARYNGEUS,  Pharyn'go-sta- 
phyli'nus,  StaphyWno-pharyngeus,  T/iyro-pha- 
ryn'go-sfaphyh'nus,  part  of  the  Sti/lo-pharyngien 
(Ch.,)  Hyperopharyngcus,  (F.)  Palato-pharyn- 
gien.  A  membranous  muscle,  broader  at  its 
middle  than  at  its  extremities,  and  situate  ver- 
tically in  the  lateral  paries  of  the  pharynx  and 
velum  palati.  It  includes  the  peristaphylo- 
pharyngeus,  pharyngo-staphylinus,  and  thyro- 
staphylinus  of  Winslow.  When  the  two  palato- 
pharyngei  contract  together,  they  depress  the 
velum.  They  elevate  and  shorten  the  pharynx, 
and  act  principally  in  deglutition. 

PALATUM  MOLLE,  Velum  pendulum 
palati. 

PALENESS,  Pallor,  Och'rotes,  Ochro'ma,  (F.) 
Paleur.  Whiteness  of  complexion.  It  appears 
to  be  owing  to  a  diminution  or  alteration  of  the 
blood  circulating  in  the  capillary  vessels,  and 
is  often  a  sign  of  disease. 

PJLES  COULEURS,  Chlorosis. 

PALETTE,  (F.),  Pal'umln,  Fer'ula.  An  in- 
strument of  percussion.  It  has  the  shape  of  a 
spatula  with  a  long  handle;  is  made  of  very  light, 
white  wood,  and  has  been  proposed,  by  Mr. 
Percy,  for  what  is  called  the  Massage,  a  kind 
of  pressure  or  kneading,  exerted  by  the  hand 


PALETTE  A  PANSEMENT 


547 


PALPEBRA 


on  the  body  and  limbs,  to  excite  the  tone  of  the 
skin  and  subjacent  tissues. 

Palette  also  means  a  Cup  (q.  v.)  and  the  Xi- 
phoid cartilage(?) 

PALETTE  A  PAN  SEME  NT.  A  small 
splint  of  thin,  scooped  wood;  having  the  shape 
of  the  hand,  and  used  to  support  the  hand  in 
certain  cases  —  when  burnt,  for  example  —  in 
order  to  prevent  the  fingers  from  being-  de- 
formed by  the  cicatrices. 

PALETTE  DE  CABAMS.  An  instrument, 
invented  by  Cabanis  of  Geneva  to  draw  out  the 
extremity  of  the  stylet  when  passed  into  the 
nose,  in  the  operation  for  fistula  lachrymalis. 
It  is  composed  of  two  plates  of  silver,  pierced 
with  several  holes,  and  movable  on  each  other. 
To  use  it,  the  instrument  must  be  carried  into 
the  nose,  so  that  the  holes  of  the  two  plates  cor- 
respond. When  the  end  of  the  stylet  is  re- 
ceived into  one  of  these  holes,  it  is  pinched,  by 
sliding  one  of  the  plates  on  the  other,  and  is 
easily  withdrawn. 

P ALEVE,  Paleness. 

PALIMPISSA,  see  Pinus  sylvestris. 

PALINCOTESIS,  Recrudescentia. 

PALINDROM'IA,  from  naliv,  '  again,' and 
doouoc,  'a  course.'  This  word  signifies,  with 
some,  a  reflux  of  fluids  from  the  exterior  to- 
wards the  interior;  and,  according  to  others,  the 
relapse  of  an  affection — the  recurrence — Recur- 
sio,  Repctitio — of  a  paroxysm. 

PALINGENESIA,  Regeneration. 

PALLIATION,  Pullia'tio,  from  palliare,  '  to 
cover,  mask;'  from  pallium,  'a  mantle.'  The 
act  of  palliating — that  is,  of  causing  the  symp- 
toms of  a  disease  to  mitigate,  without  curing  it. 
The  medical  art  can  frequently  only  moderate 
the  symptoms  of  a  disease,  prevent  it  from 
making  progress,  prolong  the  days  of  the  pa- 
tient, and  diminish  his  sufferings.  This  is  a 
palliative  treatment. 

PAL'LIATIVE,  Palliati'vus,  Antipatli'ic, 
Enantiopath'ic.  A  remedy  or  mode  of  treat- 
ment, which  only  relieves  a  disease,  without 
curing  it. 

PALLIDULUS,  Blafard. 

PALLOR,  Paleness. 

PALM,  Palma,  Vola,  Thenar,  Ages,  JJgos'tus, 
(F.)  Puume  ou  Creux  de  la  main.  The  hollow 
or  inside  of  the  hand.  It  is  limited,  without,  by 
the  thenar  eminence,  which  answers  to  the 
thumb;  within,  by  the  hypothenar  eminence, 
which  answers  to  the  little  finger;  above,  by  the 
wrist-joint:  and,  beloic,  by  the  four  fingers.- 

PALMA  CHRISTI,  Ricinus  communis — p. 
Humilis,  Musa  paradisiaca. 

PALMAIRE  CUTAN&,  Palmaris  brevis— p. 
Grand,  Palmaris  magnus— p.  Grele,  Palmaris 
lonirus — p.  Loner,  Palmaris  longus. 

PALMAR,  Palma'ris,  from  palma,  'the  palm 
of  the  hand.'  That  which  concerns  the  palm 
of  the  hand.  The  palm  has,  sometimes,  been 
divided  into  three  regions,  called  palmar.  l.The 
external  palmar  region  corresponds  to  the  the- 
nar eminence.  2.  The  internal  pa/mar  region 
is  formed  by  the  hypothenar  eminence:  and, 
3.  The  middle  palmar  region  is  the  hollow  of 
the  hand,  (F.)  Creux  de  la  main. 

Palmar  Aponkuro'sis.  A  strong  triangular 
aponeurosis,  which  arises  from  the  inferior  ten- 
don of  the  palmaris  brevis,  and  the  anterior  an- 
nular ligament  of  the  carpus.     It  covers  the 


whole  palm  of  the  hand,  and  adheres,  some- 
what strongly,  to  the  skin  of  the  part.  The 
palmar  ligurnents  are  small,  very  numerous, 
fibrous  fasciae,  which  unite  the  different  bones 
of  the  carpus  and  metacarpus. 

Palmar  Arches,  (F.)  Arcades  ou  Crosses 
palmaires.  The  curved  extremities  of  the  ra- 
dial and  cubital  arteries  in  the  palm  of  the  hand. 
There  are  two  palmar  arches:— the  one  cubi- 
tal or  superficial, — grande  Arcade  palmaire  of 
Chaussier,  furnishes,  at  its  convexity  towards 
the  fingers,  the  collateral  arteries  of  the  fingers, 
and  the  internal  collateral  of  the  thumb;  the 
other,  the  radial,  profound,  or  deep-seated, — pe- 
tite Arcade  palmaire  of  Chaussier,  is  deep  in  the 
palm  of  the  hand  beneath  the  tendons  of  the 
flexor  muscles  of  the  fingers.  It  gives  some 
small  branches  only  to  the  surrounding  parts. 

Palmar  Muscles.  These  are  three  in  num- 
ber. 1 .  Palmu'ris  Magnus,  Flexor  carpi  radia'lis, 
Radialis  internus,  Epitrocltto-metacarpien,  (F.) 
Palmaire  grand,  Radial  anterieur.  A  long  fusi- 
form muscle,  which  passes  obliquely  from  the 
inner  tuberosity  of  the  humerus  to  the  upper 
extremity  of  the  second  metacarpal  bone.  It 
bends  the  hand.  2.  Palmaris  Longus,  Lalescen'- 
tis  chorda?,  Ulnaris  grac"ilis,  Epitrochlo-carpi- 
palmaire,  (F.)  Palmaire  long,  P.  grele.  This 
muscle  is  situate  on  the  inner  side  of  the  last. 
It  is  very  slender,  and  passes  from  the  inner 
tuberosity  of  the  humerus  to  the  anterior  annu- 
lar ligament  of  the  carpus,  and  to  the  palmar 
aponeurosis,  which  it  seems  to  form  by  the  va- 
nishing of  its  fibres.  It  stretches  the  palmar 
aponeurosis,  and  bends  the  hand.  3.  Palmaris 
Brevis,  Caro  quadra' ta,  Palmaire  cutane,  Carpia.'- 
us,  (F.)  Palmaire  cutane.  A  small,  thin,  quad- 
rilateral muscle;  situate  before  the  thenar  emi- 
nence. It  passes  from  the  annular  ligament  of 
the  carpus  to  the  integuments  of  the  palm  of  the 
hand,  which  it  wrinkles  by  its  contractions. 

PALMETTO,  SAW,  Chamaerops  serratula. 

PALMIPHALAJVGIENS,  Lumbricales  raa- 
nus. 

PALMISTRY,  Chiromancy. 

PALMULA,  Date,  Palette. 

PALMUS,  Palpitation — p.  Plumbarius,  Colic, 
metallic — p.  Vomitus,  Vomiting. 

PALO  DE  CALENTURAS,  Calenturas. 

PALOS  DE  CALENTURA,  Cinchona. 

PALPATION,  from  (F.)  palper,  to  feel.  The 
sense  of  Touch  (q.  v.)  It  is  also  used  for  the 
mode  of  exploring  disease  by  feeling  or  press- 
ing upon  the  diseased  organ. 

PAL'PEBRA,  supposed  to  be  from  pafpitare, 
'to  palpitate,'  owing  to  its  frequent  motion. (?) 
Bleph'aron,  Operculum  oc'uli,  (F.)  Paupiere. 
The  eyelids  are  two  movable  vela,  situate  in 
front  of  the  eye;  which  by  their  separation  per- 
mit the  organ  to  receive  the  impression  of  light, 
or  by  their  greater  or  less  occlusion  protect  it 
from  the  influence  of  too  great  light,  or  from 
the  action  of  extraneous  bodies.  They  are  se- 
parated, above,  from  the  forehead,  by  the  eye- 
brows; and,  below,  are  confounded  with  the 
cheeks.  They  are  distinguished  into  upper  and 
lower.  The  former  is  much  broader  and  more 
movable  than  the  latter.  They  are  separated 
by  a  transverse  cleft;  and  their  edges  are  thick, 
and  furnished  with  the  cilia  or  eyelashes.  Sup- 
ported by  the  tarsal  cartilages,  they  unite  at  the 
extremities  of  the  transverse  diameter  of  the 
orbit,  forming  two  angles,— the  innermost  being 


PALPEBRA  inferior 


548 


PANCREAS 


called  the  greater  angle  of  the  eye,  or  inner  or 
greater  cuhthvs;  the  other,  the  lesser  or  external 
angle  or  canthus.  They  are  formed,  1.  Of  a  thin 
dermoid  texlure:  2.  Of  a  muscular  membrane, — 
a  portion  of  the  orbicularis:  3.  Of  a  particular 
fibrous  membrane:  4.  Of  the  tarsi:  and  5.  Ufa 
mucous  membrane,— a  part  of  the  tunica  con- 
junctiva. 

Their  vessels  and  nerves  are  called  Palpe- 
bral, (q.  v.) 

Palpebra  Inferior  Extrorsum  Flexa,  Ec- 
tropion— p.  Tertia,  Valvula  semilunaris. 

PALPEBILE  SUPERIORIS  PRIMUS,  Le- 
vator palpebral  superioris. 

PALTEBRAL,  Palpebra'lis,  from  pal pr.br a, 
'the  eyelid.'  That  which  belongs  or  relates  to 
the  eyelid. 

Palpebral  Arteries  are  those  distributed 
to  the  eyelids.  They  are  two  in  number;  an 
upper  and  a  lower.  The  former  arises  from  the 
ophthalmic,  a  little  beyond  the  cartilaginous 
pulley  of  the  greater  oblique  muscle,  and  de- 
scends towards  the  upper  eyelid,  over  which  it 
is  distributed.  The  lalter  arises  at  the  side  of, 
and  a  little  behind,  the  preceding,  and  sends 
its  ramifications  to  the  lower  eyelid  and  the 
neighbouring  parts.  The  palpebral  veins  have 
a  similar  arrangement;  except  that  some  of 
them  open  into  the  temporal  and  labial  veins. 

Palpebral  Flux,  Puriform.  A  puriform 
discharge,  furnished  by  the  glands  of  Meibo- 
mius,  when  inflamed;  and  to  which  Scarpa  at- 
tributes fistula  lachrymalis,  in  many  cases. 

Palpebral  Ligaments  are  distinguished  into 
superior  and  inferior.  Some  anatomists,  with 
Winslow,  have  described,  under  this  name,  the 
fibrous  layer  which  is  attached,  —  on  the  one 
hand,  to  the  outer  part  of  the  circumference  of 
the  orbit;  on  the  other,  to  the  tarsal  cartilages 
Palpebral  Nerves,  or  Nerves  of  the  eyeltds, 
arise,  particularly,  from  the  frontal  and  lach- 
rymal branches;  from  the  ophthalmic  nerve 
of  Willis;  and  from  the  facial,  nasal,  and 
infra-orbitar  branch  of  the  superior  maxillary 
nerve. 

PALPEBRALIS,  Orbicularis  palpebrarum. 
PALPEBRARUM  APERIENS   RECTUS, 
Levator  palpebrse  superioris — p.  Duo  musculi, 
Orbiculares  palpebrarum. 

PALP1TATIO  ARTERIARUM,  see  Palpi- 
tation— p.  Cordis  trepidans,  Cardiotromus. 

Pai.pitatio  Membiio'rum.  A  term  used  by 
Gaubius  for  involuntary  shakino-  of  the  leo-s. 

PALPITATION,  Paipita'tio,  Palmus,  Palpi- 
ia'tio  Cordis,  Tremor  Cordis,  Cardiopal'mus,  (q.  v.) 
Subsnl'tio,  Clonus  Paipita'tio,  (F.)  Palpitation,  P. 
du  Cazur.  A  name  given  to  the  pulsations  of  the 
heart,  when  they  become  stronger,  more  exten- 
sive, or  more  sensible  to  the  individual,  than 
ordinarily.  Palpitations  occur  in  a  number  of 
affections.  They  are,  sometimes,  owing  to  or- 
ganic disease  of  the  heart,  hypertrophy,  inflam- 
mation, &c. ;  at  others,  to  a  disease  in  some 
other  viscus;  whilst,  frequently,  they  are  mere- 
ly nervous. 

Palpitation  is  sometimes  felt  in  the  arteries, 
constituting  Palpitatio  AtteHo'sa. 

PALPITATION  DU  CCBUR,  Palpitation. 

PALSY,  Paralysis— p.  Bell's,  Paralysis,  Bell's. 

Palsy,   Lead.    Paral'ysis    saturni'na,   (F.) 

Parol ysie  saturnine.     The  paralysis  of  the  upper 

extremities  especially,  induced  by  the  poison 

of  lead. 


Palsy,  Shaking,  Paralysis  agitans. 

PALUDAPIUM,  Apium  graveolens. 

PALUS,  Marsh,  Penis — p.  Sanctus,  Guaia- 
cum. 

PAMBIOMA,  Panbioma. 

PAMOISOJV,  Syncope. 

PAMPLE'GIA,  Panplegia;  from  v&v,  'all,' 
and  nXyjyw,  'I  strike.'  General  paralysis.  Palsy 
of  the  whole  body. 

PANACE'A,  from  nuv,  'all,'  and  axto^ai,  'I 
cure.'  Universalis  remr/diurn,  Panchres'tos.  A 
pretended  universal  remedy.  There  is  no  such 
thing  in  existence. 

Panacea  Ducis  Holsatis,  Potassre  sulphas 
— p.  Duplicata,  Potassai  sulphas — p  Lapsorum, 
Arnica  montana — p.  Mercurialis,  Hydrargyri 
submurias — p.  Mercurii  rubri,  Hydrargyri  ni- 
trico-oxydum — p.  Vegetabilis,  Crocus. 

PANA'DA.  Diminutive  of  Ital.  Pane,  'bread,' 
(Lat.  Panis,)  Pana'ta,  Panatcl'la.  Bread,  boiled 
in  water  to  the  consistence  of  pap.  Sometimes 
administered  to  the  sick. 

PANARIS,  Paronychia. 

PANARITIUM,  Paronychia. 

PANARIUM,  Paronychia. 

PAN  ATA,  Panada. 

PANATELLA,  Panada. 

PANAX  COSTINUM,  Pastinaca  opoponax 
— p.  Heracleum,  Pastinaca  opoponax — p.  Pasti- 
nacea,  Pastinaca  opoponax. 

Panax  Quinquefo'lium,  Aurelia'na  Canaden- 
sis, Ara'lia  Canaden'sis,  Ginseng,  JVinsing,  Gen- 
sang,  Redberry,  Five-fingers.  Family,  Araliacese. 
Sex.  Syst.  Polyandria  Monoecia.  This  plant 
grows  in  Tartary  and  North  America.  The 
root  is  about  the  thickness  of  the  little  finger; 
an  inch  or  two  in  length,  often  dividing  into  two 
branches;  of  a  whitish  yellow-colour;  wrinkled 
on  the  surface,  and  of  a  compact,  almost  horny, 
texture.  It  hasno  smell,  but  a  very  sweet  taste, 
combined  with  a  slight  degree  of  aromatic  bit- 
terness. It  is  much  esteemed  by  the  Chinese, 
who  pay  a  high  price  for  it.  It  is  a  gentle  and 
agreeable  stimulant. 

PANBIO'MA,  Pambio'ma,  from  rav,  'all,'  and 
fttog,  'life.'  The  original  animating  principle. 
The  general  principle  of  life. 
PANCHRESTOS,  Panacea. 
PANCHYMAGO'GUM,  Pantago'gon,  from 
tiav,  'all,'  <%vf<.as,  'juice,'  and  ayu,  'I  drive 
away.'  A  medicine  which  the  ancients  be- 
lieved capable  of  purging  away  all  sorts  of  hu- 
mours. 

Panchymagogum Mineuale,  Hydrargyri  sub- 
murias. 

PAN'CREAS,  from  nav,  'all,'  and  */>«f, 
'flesh;'  i.e.  'quite  fleshy.'  Callidreas,  Totum 
carno'sum,  Gland'ula.  saliva'lis  abdom'inis,  Pan- 
a-e'n2.  A  gland,  deeply  seated  in  the  abdomen, 
and  lying  transversely  on  the  vertebral  column, 
between  the  three  curvatures  of  the  duodenum, 
behind  the  stomach,  and  to  the  right  of  the 
spleen.  Its  left  extremity  is  called  the  tail  of 
the  pancreas;  it  is  smaller  than  the  right,  which 
is  called  the  head.  At  its  right  portion,  it  has, 
almost  always,  a  greater  or  less  prolongation; 
called,  by  Winslow  and  some  others,  the  lesser 
pancreas,  (F.)  Petit  pancreas,  Pancreas  of  Aselli, 
Pancreas  minus.  The  pancreas  resembles  the 
salivary  glands  in  structure,  and  has  been  called 
the  Abdominal  Salivary  Gland.  It  is  composed 
of  lobes  and  granulated  lobules,  distinct  and 
united  by  cellular  tissue.     From  each  of  the 


PANCREATEMPHRAXIS 


549 


PAPAVER 


granulations  of  these  lobes  arise  the  radicles  of 
its  excretory  duct,  which  are  very  delicate,  and 
ore  united  like  veins.  The  duct  itself,  Ductus 
Pancreat'icus,  Canal  or  Duct  of  Wirsung  or 
Wirsungs,  (F.)  Canal  pancreatique,  proceeds  in 
a  serpentine  course  into  the  substance  of  the 
organ;  and  when  it  has  reached  behind  the 
second  portion  of  the  duodenum,  it  becomes 
free,  and  is  of  the  size  of  a  crow's  quill.  It 
opens  at  an  acute  angle  into  the  choledoch 
duct,  or  proceeds  close  to  it,  opening  separately 
into  the  duodenum.  The  Pancreatic  arteries 
are  very  numerous  and  small.  They  proceed 
from  the  cceliac,  splenic,  superior  mesenteric, 
right  gastro-epiploic,  coronaria  ventriculi,  and 
left  capsular.  Its  veins  open  into  the  radicles 
of  the  vena  porta;  and  particularly,  into  the 
splenic  and  lesser  mesenteric.  Its  nerves  ema- 
nate from  the  solar  plexus,  and  its  lymphatics 
pass  into  ganglions,  to  which  it  gives  its  name. 
The  pancreas  secretes  the  pancreatic  juice, 
Succus  sea  Liquor  Pancreaticus,  Lymplia  Pan- 
creatis,  which  resembles  the  saliva. 

PAiNCREATEMPHRAX'IS,  from  nayxQi*g, 
'  the  pancreas,'  and  i/xip^ttoou), '  I  obstruct.'  Ob- 
struction of  the  pancreas. 

PANCREATIC  SARCO'MA  OF  ABER- 
NETHY,  Emphy'ma  sarco'ma  pancreai'  icum.  A 
tumour,  in  irregular  masses,  connected  by  loose 
fibrous  substance,  like  the  irregular  masses  of 
the  pancreas.  Found  in  the  cellular  substance ; 
but,  more  usually,  in  lymphatic  glands,  chiefly 
in  the  female  breast. 

PANCREATITIS,  Inflamma'tio  pancreatis, 
(F.)  Inflammation  du  Pancreas.  Inflammation 
of  the  pancreas; — an  affection,  the  phenomena 
of  which  are  not  well  known  to  us. 

PAN'CREATOID,  from  nuyxQuxg,  'the 
pancreas,'  and  udo$,  '  appearance.'  A  tumour, 
resembling  the  pancreas  in  structure.    Maunoir. 

PANCRENE,  Pancreas. 

PANDALITIUM,  Paronychia. 

PANDEMIA,  Pandemic. 

PANDEM'IC,  Pan'demy.  Pande'mia,  Morbus 
pande'mius,  (F  )  Bandemie,fiom  nzv,  'all,'  and 
9t/x.oq, '  people.'  An  epidemic  which  attacks  the 
whole  population. 

PJJYDlZMIE,  Pandemic. 

PANDEMY,  Pandemic. 

PANDICULATION,  Pandicula'tioj  Scor- 
dine'ma,  Scot  dints' mus,  Clonus  Pandiculu'tio, 
from  pander e,  '  to  stretch  out,'  Stretching, 
Hal'iccs  (PI.)  An  action,  which  consists  in 
elevating  the  upper  limbs,  and  throwing  the 
head  and  trunk  backwards,  at  the  same  time 
that  the  lower  limbs  are  extended.  This  series 
of  motions  of  the  extensor  muscles  is  in  some 
measure  independent  of  the  will,  and  is  accom- 
panied with  yawning,  which  is  equally  involun- 
tary. In  the  state  of  health,  stretching  occurs 
before  and  after  sleep;  especially  when  we  are 
fatigued.  It  is,  also,  observed  at  the  onset  of 
cerfain  paroxysms  of  fever,  hysteria,  &c. 

PANIC AUT,  Eryngium  campestre — p.  Mari- 
time, Eryngium  mariticum. 

PAN'ICUM  ITAL'ICUM,  Italian  Panic 
Grass,  Indian  Millet,  Guinea  Corn,  Barbadoes 
Millet,  Milium  In'dicum,  Sorghum,  Holcus  Sorg- 
Inu/i,  (F.)  Millet  des  oiseaux.  Nat.  Ord.  Gra- 
mineoe.  The  seed — Mil'ii  Sem'ina  —  are  much 
esteemed  in  Italy,  being  a  constant  ingredient 
in  soups,  and  made  into  a  variety  of  forms  for 
the  table. 


Panicum  Milia'ceum,  Common  Millet, Milium, 
Cenchron,  Cenchrus,  (F.)  Millot  ordinaire.  Mil- 
let seed  are  esteemed  a  nutritious  article  of  diet 
and  are  often  made  into  puddings. 

PANIS  CANICACEUS,  see  Canics— p.  Ci- 
barius  seu  secundarius,Syncomistos — p.Cuculi, 
Oxalis  acetosella — p.  Porcinus,  Cyclamen. 

PANNI,  Swathing  clothes. 

PANjYICULP  CHARNU,  Carnosus  panni- 
cuius. 

PANNIC'ULUS.  Diminutive  of  Pannm, 
cloth.     A  piece  of  fine  cloth.     Pterygion,  (q.  v.) 

Panniculus  Adiposus,  Cellular  membrane — • 
p.  Cordis,  Pericardium — p.  Hymenaeus,  Hymen. 

Panmculcs  Carno'sus,  Tu'nica  carnosa, Mus- 
cular Web,  Mantle,  is  a  general  covering,  found 
in  the  quadruped,  and  formed  by  a  thin,  subcu- 
taneous muscle,  which  serves  to  move  the  skin. 
It  exists  only  in  certain  parts,  of  the  human 
body, — as  in  the  forehead,  where  it  is  formed  by 
the  occipito-frontalis;  in  the  neck,  by  the  pla- 
tysma  myoides;  and,  in  the  scrotum,  by  the 
cremaster  muscle. 

PAN1NUS.  A  piece  of  cloth.  This  word  has 
several  other  meanings  many  of  which  are 
equivocal.  It  means  a  tent  for  a  wound,  and 
also,  an  irregular  na;vus  or  mark  on  the  skin. — 
Castelli.  Modern  ophthalmologists  apply  it  to 
an  opaque  and  vascular  condition  of  the  ante- 
rior membrane  of  the  cornea,  almost  invariably 
produced  by  the  continuance  of  purulent  or 
strumous  ophthalmia,  or  by  chronic  inflamma- 
tion of  the  cornea.  This  part  becomes  nebu- 
lous, covered  with  red  vessels  and  opake.  At 
times,  the  sclerotic  conjunctiva  undergoes  a 
similar  change  to  that  which  occurs  in  the  cor- 
neal portion. 

Pannus  Hepaticus,  Chloasma — p.  Lenticula- 
ris,  Ephelides. 

PANOCHIA,  Bubo. 

PANOPHO'BIA,  Pantopho'bia,  Athym'ia, 
Pavor,  (F.)  Frayeur  nocturne,  Souci,  from  Uxv, 
'the  god  Pan,'  and  (pcfto?,  'fear.'  A  panic  or 
fear — inspired  by  the  god  Pan,  according  to  the 
opinion  of  the  ancients.  Some  derive  it  from 
7ra.v,  '  all,'  and  (popcg, '  fear.'  This  is  sometimes 
morbid,  and  is  a  symptom  of  melancholy. 

PANOPHTHALMITIS,  from  Ttdv,  'all,'  and 
ophthalmitis;  inflammation  of  the  eye.  Inflam- 
mation of  the  whole  eye. 

PANPLEGIA,  Pamplegia. 

PANSEMENT,  Dressing. 

PANSIES,  Viola  tricolor. 

PANSPERMIA,  from  ttclv,  '  all,'  and  avi^a, 
'  sperm.'  The  theory  of  Dissemination  of  Germs, 
according  to  which,  ova  or  germs  are  dissemi- 
nated over  all  space,  undergoing  development 
under  favourable  circumstances. 

PANTAGOGON,  Panchymagogum. 

PANTANENCEPHA'LIA, from  7r«r,  navroc, 
'all.'  and  anenccpha'liu,  absence  of  brain.  E  n  tire 
absence  of  brain— the  same  as  anencephalia. — 
G.  St.  Hilaire. 

PANTICES,  Intestine. 

PANTING,  Anhelatio. 

PANTOPHAGUS,  Omnivorous. 

PANTOPHOBIA, Hydrophobia,Panophobia. 

PANUS,  Phygethlon— p.  Faucium,  Stoma- 
topanus — p.  Inguinalis,  Bubo. 

PAP  OF  THE  THROAT,  Uvula. 

PAPAS  AMERICANUS.Solanum  tuberosum. 

PAPA'VER,  P.  somnif'erum,  Mccon.  The 
White  Poppy,  Papaver  sali'vum,  (F.)  Pavot  dcs 


PAPAVER  CEREALE 


550 


PAPPUS  AMERICANUS 


Jardins.  Family  Papaveracea?.  Sex.  Si/st  Poly- 
andria  Monogynia.  The  Capsule  of  the 
White  Poppy,  Codia,  xwdt*  or  kwSh*,  Scaphion, 
Papav'eris  Caput  vel  Cap'sula,  Poppy-head, 
is  used  in  fomentation,  as  an  anodyne  and 
relaxant,  to  inflamed  or  ulcerated  parts.  The 
expressed  oil  of  the  seeds  is  called  by  the  French 
Huile  dHEillette.  It  is  from  this  poppy  that  we 
procuie — Opium;  called,  also,  Opium  Tlieba'- 
icum,  Meco'nium,  Opion,  Manns  Dei,  Ajjion,  Am- 
phiam,  AJium,  Osoron,  Lau'danum.  It  is  the 
milky  juice  obtained,  after  the  flowering  of  the 
plant,  by  making  longitudinal  incisions  in  the 
capsules  and  stalks.  It  is  commonly  obtained 
from  the  Levant  or  India,  where  the  poppy 
grows  abundantly.  Opium  is  a  compound  of 
morphia,  meconic  acid,  narcotina,  caoutchouc, 
f'ecula,  resin,  oil,  and  several  other  substances. 
Turkey  Opium  js  of  a  heavy  and  slightly  fetid 
odour.  Its  taste  is  nauseous,  bitter,  acrid,  and 
warm:  it  is  in  flat  pieces;  solid  and  tenacious; 
of  a  dark  brown  colour  and  yellowish  when 
powdered;  marking  a  light  brown,  intenupted 
streak  on  paper.  In  East,  India  Opium,  the 
odour  is  the  same,  and  empyreumatic;  the  taste 
is  less  bitter,  but  more  nauseous,  and  the  colour 
darker.  Opium  is  stimulant  in  small  doses; 
sedative,  in  large;  narcotic  and  anodyne;  ope- 
rating through  the  nervous  system.  It  is  a  most 
valuable  remedy  in  all  painful  affections,  and 
inflammations,  when  given  so  as  to  produce  its 
full,  sedative  effect,  especially  in  peritonitis.  In 
diarrhoea  and  dysentery,  it  acts  as  an  astrin- 
gent; in  intermittents,  it  will  often  prevent  the 
paroxysm.  In  typhus,  in  small  doses,  it  acts 
as  a  cordial ;  in  larger,  it  allays  irritation  and 
produces  sleep.  When  applied  externally,  its 
narcotic  effects  are  developed:  and,  hence,  it 
is  a  useful  application  to  irritable  sores,  pain- 
ful tumours,  &c.  Dose,  gr.  i  to  5  as  a  stimu- 
lant; gr.  j  to  iv  as  a  sedative. 

Papaver  Cereale,  P.  rhceas — p.  Cornicula- 
tum,  Chelidonium  majus — p.  Erraticum,  P. 
rhceas — p.  Luleum,  Chelidonium  majus. 

Papaver  Nigrum.  This  is  merely  a  variety 
of  the  white  poppy,  producing  black  seeds. 

Papaver  Rhceas.  The  systematic  and  phar- 
macopceial  name  of  the  Red  corn-poppy,  Pa- 
paver erral'ieum,  Papaver  cerea'le,  Rhaias,  (F.) 
CoquelicoL  The  heads  of  this  species  contain, 
also,  a  milky  juice  of  a  narcotic  quality.  A 
syrup  has  been  directed  of  its  flowers,  which 
has  been  esteemed  diaphoretic  and  slightly 
soothing;  but  is  more  admired  for  its  colour 
Uaan  for  any  other  property. 

PAPAVERCULUM,  Meconium. 

PAPAW  TREE,  Carica  papaya. 

PA  PAYER,  Carica  papaya. 

PAPIL'LA,T//e/e.- — diminutive,  perhaps,  from 
papa,  one  of  the  earliest  cries  of  the  infant,  as- 
cribed to  a  craving  for  food.  The  end  of  the 
breast,  or  nipple.  An  eminence  similar  to  a 
nipple,  (q.  v.)  A  name  given  to  6mall  emi- 
nences more  or  less  prominent,  at  the  surface 
of  several  parts  particularly  of  the  skin  and 
mucous  membranes,  in  which  latter  situation 
they  are  also  called  villi.  Sre  Villous.  They 
appear  formed  by  the  ultimate  expansion  of  the 
vessels  and  nerves,  and  are  susceptible,  in  some 
cases,  of  a  kind  of  erection.  They  are  also  called 
Papillae  nervo'sa,  P.  Pyramida'les,  Nervous  pa- 
pilla;, (F.)  PapiUes  ou  Papilles  nervenses,  Houppes 
nerveuses. 


PAPILLA  CALY  CI  FORMES,  see  Papilla' of 
the  tongue  —  p.  Capitatse,  see  Papilla?  of  the 
tongue — p.  Circumvallata?,  see  Papilla:  of  the 
tongue — p. Conical,  see  Papillseof  the  tongue — p. 
Conoidal,  see  Papilla?  of  the  tongue — p.  Filiform, 
see  Papilla;  of  the  tongue — p.  Fungiform,  see 
Papillaj  of  the  tongue — p.  Fungoid,  see  Papilla? 
of  the  tongue. 

PapilljE  of  the  Kidney,  (F.)  Mamelons  du 
rein,  are  the  projections  into  the  pelvis  of  the 
kidney  of  the  apices  of  the  cones  of  the  tubular 
substance  of  the  kidney.  They  are  also  called 
Froccs'sus  mamilla'res,  Carun'culae  papilla'rcs, 
Pyram'ides  Mulpigluctnai,  Papill'a  renum. 

Papilla,  Lenticular,  see  Papillaj  of  the 
tongue — p.  Maxima?,  see  Papilla?  of  the  tongue 
— p.  Media?,  see  Papilla?  of  the  tongue — p.  Min- 
ima?, see  Papilla?  of  the  tongue — p.  Mucosa?,  see 
Papilla?  of  the  tongue — p.  Nervous,  see  Papilla 
— p.  Pyramidal,  see  Papilla?  of  the  tongue — p. 
Py  ramidales,  see  Papilla — p.  Renum,  see  Papilla) 
of  the  kidney — p.  Semilenticulares,  see  Papilla 
of  the  tongue. 

Papillae  of  the  Tongue  are  very  numerous 
and  marked.  They  are  observed,  particularly, 
at  the  upper  surface  of  the  organ,  and  are  dis- 
tinguished into — 1.  The  hentic' ular  papillae,  Pa- 
pillae rnuco'sas,  P.  max'imx,  P.  capita' tas,  P.  vullu'tx, 
P.  circumvalla'tx,  P.  Irunca'tx,  P.  eulycifor'mes. 
They  are  arranged  at  the  base  of  the  tongue  in 
two  oblique  lines  having  the  shape  of  the  letter 
V;  and  united  angularly  at  the  foramen  ca?cum. 
They  have,  in  general,  an  ovoid  or  spherical 
shape,  and  are  merely  mucous  follicles  similar 
to  those  of  the  palate,  lips,  *&c.  2.  The  Fungi- 
form or  Fungoid  papillae,  Papillae  mediae,  P. 
Semihnticula'res,  are  of  indeterminate  number, 
but  always  more  numerous  than  the  preceding. 
They  are  irregularly  disseminated  near  the 
edges  and  the  point  of  the  tongue;  have  a  round- 
ed and  flattened  head,  supported  by  a  short  and 
narrow  footstalk.  Their  tint  is  whitish.  Of 
their  real  nature  we  are  ignorant.  3.  The  Con'- 
ieal,  Conoi'dal,  or  Pyram'idul  papillae,  P.  win,'- 
imae,  P.  villo'sai,  are  the  most  numerous  of  all. 
Their  arrangement  is  more  regular  in  the  fore- 
part of  the  tongue  lhan  behind.  They  resemble 
small  cones;  the  base  being  towards  the  tongue, 
and  the  apex  free.  The  anterior  are  very  small, 
and  have  been  called  Fil'iform  papil'la.  They 
appear  to  be  produced  by  the  terminations  of 
the  filaments  of  the  lingual  nerve,  and  are  sur- 
rounded by  an  evident  vascular  network. 

PapilLjE  Truncate,  see  Papilla?  of  the 
tongue  — p.  Vallata?,  see  Papilla?  of  the  tongue — 
p.  Villosa?,  see  Papilla?  of  the  tono-ue. 

PAPILLARY  BODY,  Corpus'papillare. 

PAPILL1-AUT-MAMMILLI-FORM1S,  Mas- 
toid. 

PAPOOSE  ROOT,  Caulophyllum  thalictroides. 

PAP'ULA.  A  pimple,  Exor'mia,  (F.)  Bou- 
ton,  Bourgeon.  A  small,  acuminated  elevation 
of  the  cuticle,  with  an  inflamed  base;  very  sel- 
dom containing  a  fluid,  or  suppurating,  and  com- 
monly terminating  in  scurf  or  desquamation. 

Papula?  form  the  first  order  of  VVillan  and 
Bateman's  arrangement  of  cutaneous  diseases. 

Papula  Agria,  Lichen  agrius — p.  Fera,  Her- 
pes exedens. 

PAPULiE,  Lichen — p.  Sicca?,  Lichen — p.  Su- 
doris,  Miliary  fever. 

PAPPUS  AMERICANUS,  Solanum  tube- 
rosum. 


PAQVERETTE  VIVACE 


551 


PARALYSIS  AGITANS 


PJQUERETTE  VIVACE,  Bellis. 

PAR  0PT1CUM  NERVORUM,  Optic  nerve 
— p.  Primuin  nervorum  cerebri,  Olfactory  nerves 
— p.  Quintum  nervorum  cerebralium,  Trigemi- 
ni — p.  Secundum  nervorum,  Optic  nerve — p. 
Septimum  sive  faciale,  Facial  nerve — p.  Trige- 
roinum,  Trigemini — p.  Trium  funiculorum,  Tri- 
gemini— p.  Vagus,  Pneumogastric — p.  Visorius, 
Optic  nerve. 

PARA,  naga,  a  common  prefix,  'by,  near, 
contrary  to,  through,'  (per;)  'above  and  beyond,' 
(ultra:)  'besides,'  (prater.)  In  certain  terms, 
as  in  Paracusis,  Parapsis,  Parabysma,  &c,  used 
by  Dr.  Good,  para  means  a  defective  or  morbid 
condition. 

PARABALANUS,  from  naqn^aUuv,  (mxqa, 
and  (iuXXnv,  'to  cast,')  'to  expose.'  A  name 
given,  by  the  ancients,  to  a  person  who  de- 
voted himself  to  the  service  of  the  sick  in  hos- 
pitals; and  particularly  during  epidemics  and 
the  plague. 

PARACENTE'RIUM.  Same  etymon  as  the 
next.  Woolhouse  has  given  this  appellation  to 
n  small  trocar,  employed  by  Nuck  for  puncturing 
the  eye  in  cases  of  dropsy  of  that  ortran. 

PARACENTESIS,  Perfora'tio,  Punc'tio, 
Punctu'ra,  Cenembnte'sis,  Cmtc'sis,  Compunc'- 
tio :  from  n-aqax.erTeu>,  (7ratqa,,  and  xfiTtto,  'I 
pierce,')  'I  pierce  through.'  The  operation  of 
tapping  to  evacuate  the  collected  fluid  in  ascites, 
ovarial  dropsy,  &c. 

Paracentesis;  Puncturing. 

PARACENTETERION,  Trocar. 

PARACENTICION,  Trocar. 

PARACEPHALUS,  Anencephalus,  Pseudo- 
ccphalus. 

PARACMAS'TIC,  Paracmas'ticus,  from  t«- 
Q*KiiuLw,  'I  decrease.'  Decreasing.  An  epithet 
to  a  distemper,  which  gradually  decreases 
Also,  according  to  Galen,  the  period  of  life  when 
a  person  is  said  to  grow  old,  which  he  places  at 
from  35  to  49,  after  which  he  is  said  to  be  old, 
— a  definition  that  would  not  suit  us  at  the  pre- 
sent day. —  Gorraeus  and  Castelli. 

PARACMASTICOS,  see  Acmasticos. 

PARACME,  Decline. 

PARACOE,  see  Cophosis. 

PARAC'OPE,  Paraph' ora,  Paracru'sis,  from 
w-a<>:<xo;rTu>,  'I  strike  falsely.'  Delirium.  In 
Hippocrates,  it  means  the  slight  delirium  which 
sometimes  occurs  in  febiile  diseases. 

PARACOUS1A,  see  Cophosis. 

PARACRUSIS,  Paracope. 

PARACUSIS,  Cophosis.  Also,  perverted 
audition. 

Paracu'sis  Acris,  Audi'tns  a'crior,  Paracu- 
sis oxycoi'a,  from  iraqa,  'defective,'  and  av.ovcnc, 
'the  act  of  hearing.'  Hearing  painfully  acute, 
and  intolerant  of  the  lowest  sounds;  a  symp- 
tom in  otalgia,  epilepsy,  cephalitis,  and  febrile 
affections. 

Paracusis  Duplicata,  Double  hearing— p. 
Imaginaria,  Tinnitus  aurium— p  Imperfecta, 
Double  hearing,  P.  perversa — p.  Obtusa,  Barye- 
coia — p.  Oxycoia,  P.  acris. 

Paracusis  Perver'sa,  P.  Wil/isia'na,  P.im- 
pe.rfcc'la,  Perverse  hearing.  The  ear  only  sen- 
sible to  articulate  sounds,  when  excited  by  other 
and  louder  6ounds  intermixed  with  them  — 
Good. 

Paracusis  Suiuhtas,  see  Cophosis — p.  Wil- 
lisiana,  Paracusis  perversa. 

PARACYESIS,   Pregnancy,   morbid,  Preg- 


nancy,  preternatural — p.  Abortus,  Abortion — p. 
Tubaria,  Salpingo-cyesis., 

PARACYNAN'CHE,  (para,  and  cynanche.) 
Inflammation  of  the  external  muscles  of  the 
larynx.  According  to  others,  a  slight  cynan- 
che. (q.  v.) 

PARESTHESIA,  Pareesthesis— p.  Olfactoria, 
Parosmia. 

PARJ3STHESIS,  Paresthesis—  p.  Auditus 
flacca,  Proptoma  auricularum. 

PARAGEUSIS,  Agenstia.  Also,  perversion 
of  taste,  Parageustia,  Allotriogeus'tia,  Guslus 
deprava'tus. 

PARAGEUSTIA,  Parageusis. 

PARAGLOS'SA,  from  notqa,  and  yXmavu, 
'the  tongue.'  Swelling  of  the  tongue,  Dyspha- 
gia Lingiio'sa.  Sauvages,  under  the  term  Pa- 
raglossa  degtutito'ria,  means  a  pretended  dou- 
bling of  the  tongue  into  the  pharynx,  (E.)  Ren- 
versement  de  la  langue. 

PARAGOGE,  Abduction,  Coaptation. 

PARAGOMPHO'SIS,  Paragomphosis  cap'- 
itis ;  from  notqa,  'by,'  'near,'  and  yu/u.<pwcstg,  'a 
nailing.'  Wedging  of  the  head  of  the  child  in 
the  pelvis  during  labour. 

PARALAMP'SIS,  naq^Xa^tc,  from  7raqa- 
Xa/jcnvi,  (naqa,  and  Xa/xnco,  'I  shine,')  'I  shine  at 
the  side  of.'  A  cicatrix  on  the  transparant  part 
of  the  eye. — Hippocrates. 

PARALLAGMA,  Chevauchement. 

P A  R ALLA  XIS,  Chevauchement. 

PARALLE'IjA.  A  kind  of  scurfy,  cutaneous 
eruption,  affecting  the  palms  of  the  hands,  in 
parallel  lines,  and  symptomatic  of  the  venereal 
disease. —  Forestus. 

PARALOPH'IA,  from  naqa,  'near,'  and 
Xo<pia,  'the  first  vertebra  of  the  back.'  The 
lower  and  lateral  part  of  the  neck,  near  the  ver- 
tebra!.—  Keil. 

P.11ULYS1E,  Paralysis-p.  Saturnine,  Palsy, 
lead. 

PARAL'YSIS,  Par'esis,  Resolu'tio  membro'- 
rvm,  R.  nervo'rum,  Cams  paralysis,  Calal'ysis, 
(F.)  Paralysie,  Resolution  des  viembrcs ,-  Palsy, 
from  TrdtqaKvm,  (t«<ju,  and  xvo>,  'I  loosen,')  •! 
relax.'  Abolition  or  great  diminution  of  the 
voluntary  motions,  and  sometimes,  of  sensa- 
tion, in  one  or  more  parts  of  the  body. 

Palsy  is  said  to  be  local,  when  it  aff'ect3  only 
a  few  muscles.  When  it  extends  to  half  the 
body,  vertically  or  horizontally,  it  is  called 
Hemiplegia,  or  Paraple'gia,  (q  v  )  It  is  com- 
monly symptomatic  of  disease  of  the  brain  or 
of  the  nerves  themselves,  and  is  a  frequent  ac- 
companiment, precursor,  or  successor  of  apo- 
plexy. The  immediate  cause  is,  generally,  pres- 
sure, either  by  blood  effused,  or  by  serum,  or  by 
vascular  turgescence.  At  its  onset,  therefore, 
blood-letting  may  be  advisable;  but,  afterwards, 
the  disease  becomes  one  of  nervous  debility, 
and  requires  stimulants — to  the  paralyzed  parts, 
or  to  the  mucous  membranes: — frictions,  sina- 
pisms, blisters,  the  moxa,  baths,  electricity,  gal- 
vanism, purgatives,  and  the  mix  vomica,  which 
last  has  the  property  of  exciting  movements 
where  the  will  has  no  longer  power.  The  dis- 
ease geneially  admits  only  of  palliation,  and  is 
extremely  apt  to  recur. 

Paralysis,  Primula  veris. 

Paral'vsis  Ag"itans,  P.  trem'ula,  Syn'clonus 
ballis'mus,  Shaking  Palsy.  A  variety  of  tremor, 
in  which  the  muscles  are  in  a  perpetual  alter- 
nation of  contraction  and  relaxation. 


PARALYSIS,  BELL'S 


552 


PARASTAT.E 


Paralysis,  Bell's,  Bell's  Palsy.  The  para- 
lysis of  the  face  induced  by  a  lesion  of  the 
portio  dura,  has  been  so  called  by  some,  owing 
to  Sir  Charles  Bell  having  been  one  of  the  first 
to  enumerate  distinctly  the  symptoms  attendant 
upon  it. 

Paralysis  Berieeria,  Beriberi — p.  Hemi- 
plegia, Hemiplegia — p.  Medullaris,  Paraplegia 
■ — p.  Rachialgia,  Colic,  metallic — p.  Saturnine, 
Palsy,  lead— p.  Scorbutica,  Pellagra — p.  Spina- 
lis, Paraplegia — p.  Tremula,  Paralysis  agitans. 

PARALYTIC  STROKE,  see  Stroke,  para- 
lytic. 

PARAME'NIA,  7raQawi*,  from  naoa,  'bad- 
ly,' and  ,k);v,  'a  month.'  Mcnstrua'tio  anom'ala, 
Menses  anom'alx,  Mismenstruation.  Difficult 
menstruation,  (q.  v.)    Disordered  menstruation. 

Paramenia  Difficilis,  Dysmenorrhoea— p. 
Erroris,  Menstruation,  vicarious — p.  Obstruc- 
tions, see  Amenorrhcea — p.  Profusa,  Menor- 
rhagia— p.  Snperflua,  Menorrhagia. 

PARAME'RIA,  viaQafuiom,  from  nann,  'about,' 
and  tir^oc,  'the  thigh.'  The  internal  parts  of 
the  thigh. 

PARAMESOS,  Annular  finger,  see  Digitus. 

PARANCEA,  Delirium,  Dementia. 

PARANYM'PHUS,  from  nao*.,  'near,'  and 
rvfj.<pyj,  'a  young  spouse,'  'a  bride.'  A  name 
given  by  the  ancients  to  him  who  led  the  bride 
to  the  house  of  her  husband.  The  term  was 
adopted  into  the  ancient  schools  of  medicine, 
to  designate  the  usual  discourse  pronounced  at 
the  end  of  the  prescribed  period  of  study  for 
licentiate,  in  which  the  qualifications  and  merits 
of  the  candidate  were  described. 

PARAPATHIA.  Pathomania. 

PARAPECHYON,  Radius. 

PARAPHIA,Parapsis. 

PARAPH  I MO'SIS,Pc«>/uWsj"s;  from  tthqx, 
'about,'  and  <pfjuoto,  'I  bridle.'  Strangulation 
of  the  glans  penis,  owing  to  the  opening  of  the 
prepuce  being  too  narrow.  It  frequently  hap- 
pens in  persons  affected  with  phimosis,  when 
the  prepuce  has  been  pushed  violently  behind 
the  base  of  the  glans,  during  copulation,  &c. 
In  paraphimosis,  the  narrow  and  resisting  aper- 
ture of  the  prepuce  forms,  behind  the  corona 
glandis,  a  kind  of  ligature,  which  strangulates 
the  part,  causes  it  to  swell  and  inflame,  and 
even  to  become  gangrenous.  Attempts  must 
be  made  to  bring  back  the  prepuce.  These  ex- 
cite considerable  pain,  yet  they  must  be  perse- 
vered in  for  some  time;  and  should  they  not 
succeed,  the  rings,  formed  by  the  tumefied  pre- 
puce, must  be  cut  transversely,  and  the  anti- 
phlogistic treatment  be  adopted. 

PARAPHOBIA,  Hydrophobia. 

PARAPHO'NIA,  Clangor;  from  nan*.,  and 
<pa>i »;,  'the  voice.'  Affection  of  the  voice,  when 
its  character  or  timbre  is  disagreeable. 

Paraphonia  Clangens,  Oxyphonia — p.  Gut- 
turalis,  Asaphia — p.  Nasalis,  Rhinophonia — p. 
Rauca,  Raucedo — p.  Ulcerosa,  Oxyphonia. 

PARAPHORA,  Delirium,  Paracope. 

PARAPHRENESIS,  Paraphrenias— p.  Dia- 
phragmatica,  Diapliragmitis. 
PARAPI1R&NIE,  Insanity. 
PARAPHRENIAS,  from  yraoa,  'near,'  and 
<f  gs>'t?;  '  the  diaphragm.'  Paraplirene'sis.  A 
name  given  to  inflammation  of  the  diaphragm, 
(see  Diaphragmitis,)  which  was  supposed  al- 
ways to  produce  delirium: — as  well  as  to  the 


delirium  itself,  accompanying  that  affection. — 
See  Phrenilis. 

PARAPHROSYNE,  Delirium. 

PARAPHROTES,  Delirium. 

PARAPLASTIC;  Paraplast'ic.us,  from  netQa, 
and  7r?.*.OTiy.og,  'formative.'  Possessed  of  de- 
praved formative  powers, — as  Carcinoma,  En- 
cephaloma,  Melanosis,  &c. 

PARAPLE'GIA,  Paraplex'ia,  Rhaclri paral- 
ysis, Rhackioparal'ysis,  Paral'ysis  spina'lis,  P. 
medulla' r is,  Cams  paralysis  paraple'gia,  from 
Traqa,  dim.  particle,  and  ?rXr]<r<r<a,  'I  strike.' 
Palsy  of  the  lower  half  of  the  body,  including 
the  bladder  and  rectum.  It  is,  generally,  owing 
to  disease  of  some  part  of  the  cerebro  spinal 
axis;  especially  of  the  spinal  portion.  The  an- 
cients sometimes  used  the  term  for  incomplete 
apoplexy.  Some  authors  have,  also,  made  a 
distinction  between  paraplegia  and  paraplexia, 
— using  the  former  for  a  partial  apoplexy; — the 
latter  for  general  or  complete  apoplexy. 

PARAPLEURITIS,  Pleurodynia. 

PARAPLEXIA,  Paraplegia." 

PARAP'OPLEXY,  Parapoplex'ia,  from 
nana,  dim.,  and  anonXsgia,  'apoplexy.'  False 
apoplexy;  a  soporous  state,  resembling  apo- 
plexy; and  especially  that  which  occurs  in 
the  paroxysms  of  pernicious  intermittents. 

PARAP'SIS,  Paraph' ia,  from  nana,  'defec- 
tively,' and  anro^at, '  I  touch.'  Sense  of  touch 
or  general  feeling  vitiated  or  lost. —  Good. 

Parapsis  Acris  Teneritcdo,  Soreness— p. 
Expers,  Torpor,  Anceslhesia — p.  illusoria,  Pseu- 
dffisthesia — p.  Pruritus,  Itching. 

PARARMA,  Fimbria. 

PARARRHYTH'MOS,  from  naoa,  'dim,' 
and  Qv&pog, '  rhythm.'  An  epithet  for  the  pulse, 
when  it  has  not  the  rhythm  proper  to  the  age 
and  constitution  of  the  individual. 

PARARTHREMA,  from  naoa,  and  aodoov, 
'a  joint.'     Incomplete  luxation. 

P  ARASCEPAS'TRA ,  from  n  aqa,  and  oy.tmtw, 
'  I  cover.'  A  cup  or  bandage,  which  covers  the 
whole  head. — Galen. 

PARASCEUE,  Apparatus. 

PARAS'CHIDES,  from  naoa,  and  oy.ttu>,'l 
cleave.'  Fragments  or  splinters  of  a  broken 
bone. 

PAR'ASITE,  Parasi'tus,  from  naoa,  '  near,' 
and  ffiroc,  'corn,'  'food.'  Parasites  are  plants 
which  attach  themselves  to  other  plants;  and 
animals  which  live  in  or  on  the  bodies  of  other 
animals, — so  as  to  subsist  at  their  expense.  The 
mistletoe  is  a  parasitic  plant: — the  louse  a  para- 
sitic animal.  The  chief  parasitic  animals  are  the 
Pedic'ulus  kuma'nus  corp'oris,  P.  cap'itis,  E. 
pubis,  Pulex  irri'tans,  P.  pen'ctrans,  and  the 
Jlc'arus  Scabiei. 

PARASITICIDE,  Antiparasitic. 

PARASIT1SMUS  UNTESTINALIS,  Helmin- 
thiasis— p.  Superficiei,  Malis. 

PARASPA'DIA,  from  naoa,  and  anata,  'I 
draw.'  A  preternatural  opening  of  the  urethra 
at  the  side  of  the  penis.  One  whose  urethra 
opens  in  this  manner  is  called  Paraspadia/us 
and  Paraspa'dias. 

PARAS'PHAGIS,  from  naoa,  'near,'  and 
aipayj], '  the  throat.'  The  part  of  the  neck  con- 
tiguous to  the  clavicles. 

PARASTATA,  Epididymis. 

PARAS'TATiE,  from  nrogumpu,  (ita^a,  and 
i(TT>;ui,)  '  I  stand  near.'  The  prostate.  In'Hip- 
pocrates,  it   means  the  epididymis.     The  epi- 


PARASTAT^  GLANDULE 


553 


PAROMRIA 


didymes  were  called  by  Herophilus  and  Galen 
Varico'sx  purastutse,  to  distinguish  them  from 
the  glandulo 'sxjparustalx,  or  prostate,  (q.  v.)  Ru- 
fus  of  Ephesus  called  the  Tubas  Fallopiance  pa- 
rastatcE  varico'see. 

L' ah  a  st  at.*:  Glandule,  Prostate. 
PARASTATl'TIS,  Epididymitis;  from  pa- 
rastata,  'epididymis,'  and  His,  denoting  inflam- 
mation.    Inflammation  of  the  epididymis. 

PARASTREM'MA,  from  nunaaro'ttpw,  (naoa, 
and  oroeipw,'  I  turn,')  '  I  distort  or  pervert.'  Con- 
vulsive distortion  of  the  face,  the  soft  parts  be- 
ing drawn  laterally. 

PARASYNANCHE,  Cynanche  parotide. 
PARATH'ENAR,  from  nana,  'near,'  and 
«m«9,  '  the  sole  of  the  foot.'  Winslow  called 
grand  para/hcnar,  paralhenar  major,  a  portion 
of  the  abductor  of  the  little  toe;  and  petit  para- 
thenar,  paralhenar  minor,  the  short  flexor  of  that 
toe. 

Parathenar  Major,  Abductor  minimi  digiti 
pedis— p.  Minor,  Flexor  brevis  minimi  digiti 
pedis. 

PARATHROMA,  Elon-ratio. 
PARATRIMMA,  Chafino-. 
PANATROPHY,  Parat'rophe,  Par  atrophia, 
from   nana,  'dim,'  and  T(?o<p;,  'nourishment.' 
Misnutrition. 

PAREGORICUS,  Anodyne. 
PAREIA,  Gena. 
PAREIRA,seeP.  brava. 
Parki'ra   Brava,  Cissam'pclos  Pareira,  Pa- 
reyra,  Butua,  Pariera  brava,  Abu'ta,  Alfm'tua, 
Botou,  Caa-peha,  Overo  butua.     Family,  Menis- 
permea3.     Sex.  Syst.  Dioecia  Monadelphia.    The 
root  of  this  plant,— Pareira  (Ph.  U.  S.)—  a  na- 
tive of  South  America  and  the    West  Indies, 
has  a  sweet  taste  with  considerable  bitterness 
and  slight  roughness.   It  has  been  recommended 
in  nephritic  and  calculous  affections;  but  it  is 
not  much  used. 
PARELLE,  Rumex  hydrolapathum. 
PARENCEPHALIS,  Cerebellum. 
PARENCEPHALOCE'LE,  from  Ttaqtyxttfa- 
lt;,  {nana,  and  tyxikpaZos,  '  the  brain,')  'the  ce- 
rebellum,' and  xijXtj,  'a  tumour,'  Plernia  of  the 
cerebel' lum ,■    a    very    rare    disease.      It   occurs 
under  the  form  of  a  soft,  indolent,  or  slightly 
painful  tumour,  without  change  in  the  colour 
of  the  skin,  and  is  situate  in  the  occipital  re- 
gion.     It    is    constituted    of    the    cerebellum, 
which  escapes  through  an  aperture  in  the  oc- 
cipital   bone.       Great  attention   must  be   paid 
not  to  mistake  it  for  an  ordinary  tumour,  as  its 
extirpation  would  be  attended  with  fatal  con- 
sequences. * 

PAREN'CHYMA,  Caro  parenchymal! ica  seu 
vis  cerum  seu  viscera' Us  seu  visccro'sa,  Substan- 
tia pare.nchymato'sa,  Prochcu'ma.  The  texture 
of  glandular  and  other  organs,  composed  of  ag 
glomerated  globules  united  by  cellular  tissue, 
and  tearing  with  more  or  less  facility.  Such  is 
the  texture  of  the  liver,  kidneys,  &c.  Xtaqsyxvfia 
signifies  in  Greek,  effusion,  {nana,  tv,  and  '/vm, 
'1  pour,')  and  it  was  believed,  ihat  this  tissue 
consisted  of  effused  blood  or  other  fluid. 

PAR'ESIS,  from  naoir^n,  'I  relax'  Para- 
lysis, (q.  v.)  According  to  some,  a  slight,  in- 
complete paralysis,  affecting  motion,  not  sen- 
sation. 

f  ARESTHF/SIS,  Parasitosis,  or  Paresthe- 
sia, Scnsus  irnpcrfec'tus,  from  naoa,  'defective,' 
and  aiodijffic,  'sensation.'     Congenital  miscon- 
36 


struction  of  the  external  organs  of  sense.  A 
genus  in  the  nosology  of  Good.  Also,  perver- 
sion of  sensibility. 

PARFUM,  Suffimentum. 
PARIERA  BRAVA,  Pareira  brava. 
PARIES,  Table. 

PARFETAL,  Parieta'lis,  from  paries, parietis, 
'  a  wall.' 

Parietal  Bones,  Ossa  parieta'lia,  Ossa  ver- 
tical lia,  Ossa  ve/ticis,  Ossa  sincip'ilis,  Ossa 
brcg'matis,  Ossa  nerva'lia,  are  two  fellow-bones, 
occupying  the  lateral  and  upper  parts  of  the 
cranium,  in  the  formation  of  which  they  assist. 
They  have  a  quadrilateral  shape:  their  exter- 
nal surface  is  convex,  and  presents,  at  its  mid- 
dle part,  an  eminence  called  the  Parietal  protu- 
berance, (F.)  Bosse  parietule.  Their  inner  or 
cerebral  surface,  which  is  concave,  has  a  de- 
pression that  corresponds  with  the  preceding 
eminence,  and  which  is  called  the  Fossa  parte- 
talis.  Above  and  behind,  near  the  superior 
edge  of  these  bones,  is  a  foramen,  which  does 
not  always  exist,  called  the  Parietal  foramen, 
Foramen  parietule,  through  which  passes  a  vein 
that  opens  into  the  superior  longitudinal  sinus 
of  the  dura  mater.  Each  parietal  bone  is  arti- 
culated above,  with  its  fellow;  below,  with  the 
temporal  bone;  before,  with  the  frontal;  behind, 
with  the  occipital,  and  by  the  anterior  and  infe- 
rior angle  with  the  great  ala  of  the  sphenoid. 
Each  parietal  bone  is  developed  from  a  single 
point  of  ossification. 

PARIETA'RIA,  P.officina'Hs,  He!xJinS  Vitra- 
ria,  Wall  pd'Htory,  (F.)  Parietaire  commune. 
Family  Unices.  Sex.  Sysl.  I'olygamia  Monce- 
cia.  This  plant  grows  on  old  walls,  and  con- 
tains much  nitrate  of  potassa.  It  is  diuretic 
but  not  much  used. 

PARl'ETES,  Plural  of  Paries,  'a  wall,'  (F.) 
Parois.  A  name  given  to  parts  which  form  the 
enclosures — the  limits  of  different  cavities  of 
the  body,  as  the  Purietes  of  the  cranium,  chest, 
&c. 

PARIS,  P.  quadrifo'lia,  Oneberry,  True.love, 
(F.)  Pariselte,  Raisin  de  Rcnard.  It  possesses 
narcotic  properties,  and  was  formerly  consi- 
dered a  powerful  love  philter.  It  is  emetic  and 
is  sometimes  used  externally  as  a  resolvent  and 
anodyne. 

PJ1RISETTE,  Paris. 

PARISTH'MIA,  n*px,  and  lodpog,  'the 
throat.'  A  word  employed  to  designate  the  ton- 
sils, and,  likewise,  inflammation  of  the  tonsils. 
Cynancbe  tonsillaris,  (q.  v.) 

PARISTHMIOT'OMUS,    from    na^a$Jaa% 
'  the  tonsils,'  and  Tf^ico,  '  I  cut.'     An  instrument 
with  which  the  tonsils  were  formerly  scarified 
PARISTHMITIS,  Cynanche. 
PARISWORT,  Trillium  latifolium. 
PAROCHETEUSIS,  Derivation. 
PARODON'TIDES,  from  •/,«{«,  'near,'  and 
odov;,  'a  tooth.'      Tumours  on  the  gums;  pa- 
rulis,  &c. 

PARODYNIA,  Dystocia— p.  Perversa,  Pre- 
sentation, preternatural. 
PAROIS,  Parietes. 
PAROLE,  Voice,  articulated. 
PARONIR'IA,   from   t«§«,   and   oveigor,   'a 
dream.'     Depraved,  disturbed,  or  morbid  dream- 
ing.    Oneirodynia  acti'va,  Ercthis'mus  oneiro- 
dynia.    The  voluntary  organs  connected  with 
the  passing  train  of  ideas,  overpowered  by  the 
force  of  the  imagination  during  dreaming,  and 


PARONIRIA  AMBULANS 


554 


PARS  INFERIOR  PEDIS 


involuntarily  excited  to  their  natural  or  accus- 
tomed actions,  while  the  other  organs  remain 
asleep.— Good. 

Paroniria    Ambulans,    Somnambulism — p. 
Salax,  Pollution. 

PARONYCHIA,  Paron'yckis,  Paronychi'tis, 
Ptm'uris,  Redu'via,  Panaritium,  Pandaji"tium, 
Passu,  Dactylitis,  Pana'rium,  Onych'ia,  from 
7ra.Q-x, ' near,'  and  orvi, '  the  nail.'  The  ancients 
gave  this  name  to  an  inflammatory  tumour, 
seated  near  the  nail.  Some  of  the  moderns 
have  extended  it  to  inflammation  of  the  hand, 
and  even  of  the  forearm.  It  usually  means 
every  phlegmonous  tumour  of  the  fingers  or 
toes,  and  especially  of  the  first  phalanx.  Four 
kinds  of  paronychia  are  commonly  pointed  out : 
1.  That  seated  between  the  epidermis  and  skin, 
called  in  France  Tourniole.  2.  That  seated  in 
the  subcutaneous  cellular  tissue.  3.  That  oc- 
cupying the  sheath  of  a  tendon;  and  4.  That 
considered  to  be  seated  between  the  periosteum 
and  bone.  These  last  three  are  only  different 
degrees  of  the  same  disease,  constituting  Whit- 
low, (F.)  Mai  d'aventure: — the  worst  kinds,  in 
English,  are  called  Felon.  The  inflammation 
generally  commences  in  the  subcutaneous  cel- 
Fular  tissue,  and  spreads  to  other  parts,  occa- 
sioning excessive,  lancinating  pain,  owing  to 
the  parts  being  put  upon  the  stretch;  hence, 
the  necessity  of  dividing  them  freely, — even 
down  to  the  bone,  when  there  is  reason  to  be- 
lieve that  the  affection  belongs  to  the  fourth 
division, — making  use  of  emollient  applications, 
the  antiphlogistic  treatment,  and  opiates  to  re- 
lieve pain. 

Paronychia,    Asplenium   ruta    muraria — p. 
Digitium,  Digitium. 
PARONYCH1S,  Paronychia. 
PARONYCHIAS,  Paronychia. 
PAROPIA,  Canthus  (lesser.) 
PAROPSIS,  Dysossthesia  visualis — p.  Amau- 
rosis,  Amaurosis — p.    Cataracta,    Cataract — p. 
Glaucosis,     Glaucoma — p.     Illusoria,     Pseudo- 
blepsia — p.     Lateralis,     Dysopia     lateralis— p. 
Longinqua,  Presbytia — p.  Lucifuga,  Nyctalopia 
— p.    Noctifuga,    Hemeralopia — p.    Propinqua, 
Myopia — p.  Staphyloma,  Staphyloma — p.  Sta- 
phyloma purulentum,  Hypopyon — p.  Staphylo- 
ma simplex,' Hydrophthalmia — p.  Strabismus, 
Strabismus — p.  Synezisis,  Synezisis. 

PAROPTE'SIS,  from  nctrx,  dim.,  and  orraui, 
'1  roast.'  Forcing  a  sweat  by  placing  a  patient 
before  the  fire,  or  putting  him  in  a  dry  bath. 

PAROKA'SIS,  from  t*/-*,  dim.,  and  ooaw, 
'  I  see.'  Perversion  of  sight,  which  prevents 
the  person  from  judging  accurately  of  the  co- 
lour of  objects.  Hallucination,  (q.  v.) — Galen. 
PARORCHID'IUM,  from  wot*,  dim.,  '  some- 
thing wrong,'  and  o§/if,  'testicle.'  Any  posi- 
tion of  one  or  both  testicles,  different  from  that 
which  they  ought  to  occupy  in  the  scrotum; — 
whether  they  may  not  have  descended  through 
the  abdominal  ring,  or  are  drawn  up  to  the 
o-roins  by  the  cremaster  muscle. 
°  PAROR'CHIDO-ENTEROCE'LE,  Hernia 
■paror'chido-enter'ica.  Intestinal  hernia  com- 
plicated with  displacement  of  the  testicle. — 
Sauvages. 

PAROSMIA,  Anosmia.  Also,  perversion  of 
smell.  Parcesthc'sia  olfnclo'ria,  O/fac'lus  depra- 
va'lvs. 

PAROSTIA,  from  Tra^a,  'defectively,'  and 
:rrt»v,  '  a  bone.'     BoneB  untempered  in  their 


substance,  and  incapable  of  affording  proper 
support. — Good. 

Parostia    Fi.exilis,    Mollitiea    ossium — p. 
Fragilis,  Fragilitas  ossium. 

PAROTIA,  Cynanche  parotidfea. 
PAROTTD,  G/and'ula  parotidea,  G.  ad  J3ures, 
Paro'tis,  Animetla:,  JUimeVla,  Lacticin'ia,-  from 
tray*,  'about,'  and  ov?,  '  the  ear.'  The  largest 
of  the  salivary  glands,  seated  under  the  ear, 
and  near  the  angle  of  the  lower  jaw.  It  is  com- 
posed of  many  separate  lobes,  giving  rise  to  ex- 
cretory ducts,  which  unite  to  form  one  canal, 
called  the  Parotid  duct  or  Steno's  canal — the 
Ductus  superior  or  Superior  salivary  canal  of 
some.  This  duct,  after  having  advanced  hori- 
zontally into  the  substance  of  the  cheek,  pro- 
ceeds through  an  opening  in  the  buccinator 
muscle,  and  terminates  in  the  mouth  opposite 
the  second  upper  molaris.  About  the  middle 
of  its  course,  itsometimes  receives  the  excretory 
duct  of  a  glandular  body,  situate  in  its  vicinity, 
and  called  the  Accessory  Gland  of  the  Parotid, 
Socia  Parotidis.  In  the  substance  of  the  paro- 
tid are  found — a  number  of  branches  of  the 
facial  nerve,  of  the  transverse  arteries  of  the 
face,  and  the  posterior  auricular.  It  receives, 
also,  some  filaments  from  the  inferior  maxillary 
nerve,  and  from  the  ascending  branches  of  the 
superficial  cervical  plexus.  Its  lymphatic  ves- 
sels are  somewhat  numerous,  and  pass  into 
ganglions  situate  at  its  surface  or  behind  the 
angle  of  the  jaw.  The  parotid  secretes  saliva, 
and  pours  it  copiously  into  the  mouth. 

Parotid,  Accessory  Gland  of  the,  see  Pa- 
rotid. 

PAROTIDE,  Parotis. 

PAROTIDON'CUS,  from  naowxi?,  'the  pa- 
rotid,' and  oyy-og,  'a  tumour.'  Swelling  of  the 
parotid. 

PARO'TIS,  Phleg'mone  parotidea,  lnfiam- 
ma'tio  parotidum,  Paroti'tis,  (F.)  Parotide  is, 
also,  the  name  of  a  tumour  seated  under  the 
ear;  which  is  reddish,  hard,  and  attended  with 
obtuse  pain;  the  progress  to  suppuration  being 
slow  and  difficult.  Sometimes  it  is  of  a  malig- 
nant character,  sloughing,  and  long  protracted. 
Some  French  pathologists  restrict  the  term  pa- 
rotide to  symptomatic  parotitis,  as  to  that  which 
occurs  in  plague;  whilst  they  apply  the  terms 
Oreillons  or  Ourlcs  to  Cynanche  parotidaea  or 
Mumps  (q.  v.) 

Parotis  Contagiosa,  Cynanche  parotidaja— 
p.  Epidemica,  Cynanche  parotidaea — p.  Seroso 
glutine  tumens, Cynanche  parotidaea — p.  Spuria, 
Cynanche  parotidaea. 

PAROTITIS,  Cynanche  parotidaea,  Parotis. 
PAR'OXYSM,  Paroxys' mus,  from  nctoolv™, 
(naqa,  and  oijyvtir,  'to  render  sharp.')  'I  irri- 
tate.' Im'petus,  Insvl'tus,  fnva'sio,  Exaccrba'- 
tio,  Acccs'sio,  Acces'sus,  (F.)  Exacerbation  Re- 
doub/ernent,  Mces.  The  augmentation  which 
supervenes  at  equal  or  unequal  intervals  in  the 
symptoms  of  acute  diseases.  Also,  a  periodical 
exacerbation  or  fit  of  a  disease. 

PAROXYS'MAL,  Paroxysma'lis,-  same  ety- 
mon, (F.)  Paroxystique.  Of  or  belonging  to  a 
paroxysm ; — as  a  paroxysmal  day,  (F.)  Jour  pa- 
roxystique,- or  day  on  which  a  paroxysm  of  dis- 
ease occurs. 

PAROXYSTIQUE.  Paroxysmal. 
PARS   INFERIOR   PEDIS,  Sole— p.   Na- 
turalis  medicinse.  Physiology —p.  Prima  asperee 


PARSLEY,  COMMON 


555 


PARTURITION 


arterice,  Larynx — p.  Vaga,  Pneumogastric — p. 
Virilis,  Penis. 

PARSLEY,  COMMON, Apium  petroselinum 
— p. Fool's,  ^Ethusa  cynapium — p.  Macedonian, 
BubonMacedonicum— p.  Mountain,  black,  Atha- 
manta  aureoselinum — p.  Poison,  Conium  macu- 
latum  —  p.  Spotted,  Conium  maculatum  —  p. 
Water,  Cicuta  maculata. 

PARSNEP,  COW,  Heracleum  spondylium, 
Heracleum  lanatum — p.  Garden,  Pastinaca  sa- 
tiva — p.  Water,  common,  Sium  latifolium. 

PART,  see  Parturition— p.  Legitime  et  illegi- 
lime,  see  Parturition. 

PARTES  GENERATIONI  INSERVIEN- 
TES,  Genital  organs — p.  Genitales,  Genital 
organs. 

PARTHENIUM  FEBRIFUGA,  Matricaria 
— p.  Mas,  Tanacetum. 

PARTHEN'IUS,  (Morbus,-)  from  7iap6evcg, 
'a  virgin.'  A  disease  in  a  young  female.  Also, 
chlorosis. 

PARTIES,  LES,  Genital   organs— p.   Geni- 
tales, Genital  organs — p.  Honteuses,  Genital  or- 
gans—p.  Genitoires,  Genital  organs — p.  Natu- 
relles,  Genital  organs — p.  A'obles,  Genital  organs 
— p.  Sexuelks,  Genital  organs. 
PARTIO,  Parturition. 
PARTRIDGE-BERRY.  Gaultheria. 
PARTS,  THE,  Genital  organs. 
PARTURA,  Parturition. 
PARTU'RIENT,  Parturiens,  from  parturire, 
itself  from  parere,  'to  bring  forth.' 

The  Parturient,  Childbed,  or  Lying-in  state 
requires  careful  management,  and  is  subject  to 
various  diseases. 

A  Parturient  or  Parturifacient  is  a  medicine 
which  induces  or  promotes  labour;  as  ergot, 
and,  perhaps,  borate  of  soda. 

PARTURIFACIENT,  Parturient. 
PARTUR1GO,  Parturition. 
PARTURIT"ION,  Puerpe'rium,  Partus,  Par- 
tio,  Parturi"tio,  Parturi'go,  Partu'ra,  Tocos, 
Tdcelos,  Lochi'a,  Apocydsis,  Labour,  (F.)  Ac- 
couchement, Couche,  Travail  d' Enfant.  The 
delivery  of  the  foetus  and  its  appendages.  La- 
bour is  the  necessary  consequence  of  concep- 
tion, pregnancy,  and  the  completion  of  gesta- 
tion. It  does  not  take  place,  at  the  full  time, 
until  after  nine  months  of  utero-gestation, — the 
causes  producing  it  being  the  contraction  of  the 
uterus  and  abdominal   muscles.     By  different 


authors,  the  stages  of  labour  have  been  vari- 
ously divided.  We  may,  perhaps,  admit  of  four. 
The  first  stage  comprises  the  precursory  signs. 
One,  two,  or  three  days  before  labour,  a  mucous 
discharge,  streaked  with  blood,  takes  place 
from  the  vagina,  which  is  called  the  Signum, 
Leucorrhaa  JVabo'thi,  Hxmorrha'gia  Nabothi, 
Labour-show,  or  Show,-  and,  along  with  this, 
trifling  grinding  pains,  called  by  the  French 
Mouches,ave  felt  in  the  loins  and  abdomen.  Se- 
cond stage: — Peculiar  pains,  which  extend  from 
the  lumbar  region  towards  the  uterus;  tension 
and  dilatation  of  the  neck  and  orifice  of  that 
organ;  protrusion  into  the  vagina  of  the  enve- 
lopes of  the  foetus,  forming  the  bag  of  waters,  (F.) 
Poche  des  eaux,-  and  rupture  or  breaking  of  the 
waters.  Third  stage: — Contractions  of  the  ute- 
rus and  abdominal  muscles;  forcing  pains;  the 
head  of  the  foetus  becomes  engaged  in  the  pel- 
vis; the  occiput  being  commonly  situate  above 
the  left  acetabulum,  passes  beneath  the  arch  of 
the  pubis.  Fourth  stage: — the  head  now  pre- 
sents at  the  vulva,  the  perineum  being  consi- 
derably distended;  at  length  it  clears  the  ex- 
ternal parts,  and  the  rest  of  the  body  is  easily 
disengaged.  The  child  still  continues  attached 
to  the  mother  by  the  umbilical  cord,  which  has 
to  be  divided.  In  the  course  of  fifteen  or 
twenty  minutes,  trifling  pains  occur,  and  the 
secundines  are  expelled.  This  completes  de- 
livery. In  by  far  the  majority  of  cases,  the 
head  is  the  presenting  part,  the  occiput  directed 
anteriorly,  and  the  face  posteriorly.  Of  12,633 
children,  born  at  the  Hospital  La  Maternitt  in 
Paris,  from  the  tenth  of  December,  1797,  to 
the  31st  of  July,  1806,  the  following  were  the 
presentations: 

The  head,  with  the  face  posteriorly,  12,120 

The  head  anteriorly, 63 

The  breech, 198 

The  feet, 147 

The  knees, 3 

Other  positions, 102 


12,633 

The  following  table,  drawn  up  from  data 
furnished  by  Velpeau,  gives  an  approximative 
view  of  the  comparative  number  of  presenta- 
tions, according  to  the  experience  of  the  indivi- 
duals mentioned: 


TABLE,  EXHIBITING  THE  RATIO  OF  PRESENTATIONS  IN  1000  CASES. 

According  to 

Merri- 
man. 

Bland. 

Madame 
Boivin. 

Madame 
Lacha- 
pelle. 

N'aegle. 

Lorati. 

Hospital 

of  the 
Faeulte. 

Boer. 

Regular,  or  of  the  vertex, 

924 

944 

909 

933 

933 

911 

980 

I.  Occipito-antc  ior, 

903 

944 

910 

895 

a.  Occipito-cotyloid  ; left,) 

760 

717 

537 

Do.                (right,) 

179 

209 

6.  Occipito-pubian, 

0.29 

II.  Occipito-pustetior, 

9.4 

9 

a.  Fronto-cotyloid  (left,) 

5.3 

7.3 

b.           Do.              (right,) 

4.4 

2.9 

Fare  presentation, 

2.2 

2.6 

3.6 

4.6 

8.8 

Mento-iliac  (right,) 

2.6 

Of  the  p>lvi$, 

3C 

28 

29 

36 

47 

29 

Of  the  foot, 

12.7 

9.4 

14 

10.3 

Of  the  knees, 

0.19 

0.40 

Of  the  breech, 

23 

13 

18 

22 

19 

Of  the  trunk, 

4.6 

5.3 

4.8 

Requiring  Forceps, 

6.6 

4.7 

4.6 

3.4 

36 

5.7 

Turning, 

16 

4.7 

7.8 

7.2 

5.9 

Omphalotomy, 

3.3 

5.2 

4.77 

0  53 

2.4 

l.r> 

PARTURITION 


PARTURITION 


Labour  has  received  different  names,  accord- 
ing to  the  period  of  pregnancy  at  which  it  oc- 
curs, and  the  mode  in  which  it  takes  place.  It 
is  called  miscarriage  or  abortion,  (q.  v.,)  prior 
to  the  7th  month;  premature  labour,  between 
this  and  8  months  and  a  half;  and  labour  at  the 
fall  period,  (F.)  Accouchement  a  terme,  when 
it  happens  at  the  end  of  9  months.  Labours 
have,  likewise,  been  variously  divided  by  dif- 
ferent authors.  Perhaps  the  one  into,  Natural, 
Preternatural,  and  Laborious,  is  as  common  as 
any;  —  natural  Labour  meaning  that  which 
would  occur  without  manual  assistance;  pre- 


ternatural, requiring  the  assistance  of  art,  but 
by  the  hand  solely  :  and,  laborious,  requiring 
instrumental  assistance ;  which  M.  Capuron 
calls  Accouchement  Michanique. 

The  French  use  the  term  Part,  at  times,  sy- 
nonymously with  delivery;  at  others,  wlthfeetus. 
Suppression  de  part  means  concealment  of  deli- 
very :  Part  Ugilim.e,  a  foetus  which  comes  into 
the  world  with  the  conditions  necessary  for  its 
enjoying  advantages  granted  by  law;  and  Part 
illegitime,  one  that  does  not  fall  under  those 
conditions. 


TABLE  OF  THE  COURSE  AND  MANAGEMENT  OP  DIFFERENT  KINDS  OF  LABOURS. 


Head  Present- 
ing. 

(FourPositions.) 


1.   Occiput  towards  the] 
Left  Acetabulum. 


2.  Occiput  towards  the] 
Right  Acetabulum,      j 

I 


Loweb  Extre- 
mity PRESENT- 
ING. 

{Four  Positions 
of  the  Feet, 
Knees,  and 
Breech.) 


I.  Natural  Labours; 
Or  those  in  which  Delivery  can  be  effected  without  Assistance, 
r  ( The  head  with  the  chin  bent  upon  the  chest  cleats 

the  brim  of  the  pelvis.  Motion  of  rotation  produced 
by  the  inclined  planes  of  the  pelvis;  the  occipital 
protuberance  is  carried  behind  the  symphysis  pu- 
bis, and  the  face  towards  the  hollow  of  the  sa- 

^     crum. 

( The  head  attains  the  outlet;  clears  it;  the  occiput 
being  first  disengaged,  and  the  face  afterwards, 
which  passes  successively  along  the  whole  of  the 
hollow  of  the  sacrum.  The  shoulders  enter  the 
brim  diagonally;  and  execute  a  movement  of 
rotation.  The  one  behind  first  clears  the  outlet. 
The  same  thing  occurs  with  the  nates. 

rThe  same  course  is  here  followed;  except  that  after 

3.  Occiput  towards  the  I  the  rotatory  movement,  the  face  passes  behind  the 
Right  Sacro-iliacSym-\  symphysis  pubis,  and  the  occiput  into  the  hollow 
pltysis.  |      of  the  sacrum.     The  occiput  is  first  extruded;— 

^     the  face  next. 

rWhen  the  chin  presents  and  is  turned  forwards,  the 

4.  Occiput  towards  the  |  face  is  first  expelled:  the  head  is  thrown  back- 
Left  Sacro-iliac  Sym-{  wards.  This  presentation  is  uncommon.  If  the 
pkysis.  chin  present  and  be  thrown  backwards,  natural 

I       delivery  cannot  be  effected, 
fi     it        rr  q     f  The  nates  enter  the  brim  diagonally :  movement  of 

1.  Heel,   Tibia,  or   Sa-  ,       rotation:    the   one   passes  behind   the  symphysis 
ntowards  the  Left  <{      pubis.  tne  oliier  towards  the  hollow  of  the  sacrum. 
I      The  one  behind  is  first  extruded. 
rThe  same  thing  happens  to  the  shoulders.    The  chin 
is  bent  upon  the  chest  to  clear  the  brim;  movement 
of  rotation  :  the  occiput  passes  behind  the  symphy- 
sis pubis,  and  the  face  towards  the  hollow  of  the 
sacrum.     The  face  clears  the  outlet  first;  the  occi- 
put last. 

3.  Heel,Tibia,orSacrum'\  _,  ,  _,  .  . 
towards  the  Right  So-  |  The  same  progress,  except  that  af  er  the  movement 
cro-iliac  Symphysis.     I      of  rotation  the  face  is  towards  the  pubis,  and  the 

4.  Heel,  Tibia,or  Sacrum  \      occiput  towards  the  sacrum. 
towards  the  Left  Sa-  |      again  delivered  first. 
cro-iliac  Symphysis.  J 


Acetabulum. 


2.  Heel,  Tibia,  or  Sacrum  \ 
towards  the  Right  ■> 
Acetabulum. 


I 


The  face  is  here 


Presentation 
of   the    Head, 
Upper  Extre--^ 
mities,     Back,  I 
Abdomen,  &c.   | 


IT.  Preternatural  Labours; 
Or  those  which  require  Manual  Assistance  only. 

r  1 .  When  the  labour  is  without  any  serious  complication,  and  the  head  is  not 
in  a  good  position  at  the  brim  of  the  pelvis;  endeavours  are  to  be  made 
to  place  it  in  its  natural  position:  the  hand  to  be  introduced  with  the 
fingers  united,  and  the  long  diameter  of  the  head  to  be  placed  diagonally 
in  the  brim,  if  possible.  Or,  the  lever  may  be  fixed  over  the  occiput,  by 
drawing  down  which,  a  closer  approximation  of  the  chin  and  chest  may 
be  effected ;  the  position  of  the  head  to  the  pelvis  being  at  the  same  time 
attended  to. 

I  2.  If  complicated  with  syncope,  convulsions,  hemorrhage,  want  of  uterine 
action,  &c,  the  feet  must  be  laid  hold  of,  and  the  child  turned.    For  this 

L     purpose,  empty  the  rectum  and  bladder;  and  turn,  if  possible,  prior  to  the 


PARTURITION 


557 


PARTURITION 


Presentation 
of  the  Head, 
Upper  Extre-< 
mities,    Back, 
Aebomen,  &,c. 


ENERAL    OBSER-   ! 

VATinNS.  1 


f  escape  of  the  liquor  amnii.  Tiie  female  may  be  placed  on  her  back  or 
left  side,  with  the  breech  over  the  edge  of  the  bed.  Use  the  right  or  left 
hand,  according  as  the  feet  of  the  child  are  to  the  right  or  left  side  of  the 
pelvis;  always  so  introducing  the  hand,  that  the  child  shall  be  in  its  palm, 
and  the  back  of  the  hand  opposed  to  the  inner  surface  of  the  uterus.  The 
hand  and  arm  to  be  introduced  during  an  interval  of  pain ;  and  they  must 
be  flattened  and  tranquil  whilst  the  uterus  is  contracting  forcibly.  If  both 
feet  cannot  be  readily  brought  down,  seize  one,  and  tie  a  fillet  around  it. 
If  the  toes  point  to  the  vertebral  column  or  to  the  abdomen  of  the  mother, 
the  head,  in  its  descent,  will  not  enter  the  pelvis:  the  chin  and  occiput 
will  be  hitched  on  the  pubis  and  promontory  of  the  sacrum.  In  such  case, 
grasp  the  nates  as  soon  as  they  have  passed  the  os  externum ;  and,  during 
a  pain,  endeavour  to  direct  the  toes  towards  either  sacro-iliac  synchon- 
drosis. When  the  fingers  can  be  passed  along  the  body  of  the  child  and 
over  the  shoulders  to  the  bend  of  the  elbows,  draw  down  the  arms  suc- 
cessively. When  the  body  is  expelled,  and  the  head  filling  up  the  brim, 
the  termination  of  labour  must  be  accelerated  by  passing  two  fingers  over 
the  shoulder  of  the  child;  using  moderate  and  steady  extracting  power, 
whilst  one  finger  of  the  other  hand,  passed  into  the  mouth,  depresses  the 
chin  on  the  sternum.     In  this  way,  the  head  may  be  extracted. 

III.  Instrumental  Labours; 

Or  those  requiring  the  Assistance  of  appropriate  Instruments. 
f  If  the  pains  become  feeble,  or  inadequate  from  any  cause;— or  if  the  pre- 
i  senting  part  be  firmly  wedged  in  the  pelvis;  or  the  woman  be  becoming 
exhausted,  instrumental  assistance  may  be  required.  In  all  such  cases', 
place  the  female  on  the  back  or  left  side,  empty  the  bladder  and  rectum; 
wait  till  the  os  uteri  is  in  a  fit  state;  afford  assistance  during  the  pains; 
introduce  the  instrument  during  the  intervals  between  the  pains;  have 
the  patient  on  her  left  side,  (generally;)  and  extract  according  to  the 

[_     axes  of  brim  and  outlet,  as  the  case  may  be. 

f  Apply  these  to  the  sides  of  the  head  of  the  child,  so  that  the  ears  and  pa- 
rietal protuberances  may  be  within  the  fenestra.  Introduce  the  left-hand 
blade  first;  the  index  and  middle  fingers  of  the  right  hand  guidino-  it  to 
the  ear.  With  the  right  hand  pass  the  other  in  an  opposite  line, Corre- 
sponding with  the  course  of  the  first  blade,  guided  by  the  fore  and  middle 
fingers  of  the  left  hand;  the  third  and  little  finger  being  employed  to  re- 
tain the  left-hand  blade  in  place;  humour  the  instrument  so  as  to  allow 
the  blades  to  lock.  The  handles  may  now  be  tied  gently  together.  The 
force  used  must  be  from  blade  to  blade,  with  a  gentle,  tractile  effort. 

f  Applicable  where  the  head  does  not  enter  the  brim.     The  long  forceps  must 

be  applied,  in  most  cases,  over  the  occiput  and  face  of  the  child,  so  that 

Long  Forceps.  «(       the  convex  edges  of  the  blades  may  be  towards  the  hollow  of  the  sacrum. 

When  used,  the  power  may  be  exerted  from  side  to  side,  with  moderate 

(^      traction. 

fThe  lever  is  applicable  to  the  same  cases  as  the  forceps.     It  must  not  be 
Lever  or  Vect's  J       use^  str'ct'y  as  a  'ever,  but  as  a  hook  with  which  to  draw  downwards. 

■}       It  may  be  applied  to  any  part  of  the  head,  but  is  generally  hitched  on  the 

I       occiput. 

r  In  certain  cases  of  breech  and  knee  presentation,  where  the  hand  is  insuffi- 

)      cient,  it  may  be  necessary  to  pass  over  the  joint  a  fillet,  or  the  blunt  hook, 

£      with  which  to  exert  some  force  of  traction.    The  operation  is  very  simple. 

["Disproportionate  size  of  head,  or  distorted  or  deformed  pelvis,  may  require 
the  child  to  be  destroyed,  and  its  bulk  lessened ;  or  the  Cesarean  section  or 
symphysotomy,  or  the  induction  of  premature  labour  may  be  called  for. 
The  instruments  required  here,  are  the  Perforator  Crotchet,  and  Craniotomy 
Forceps.     Make  steady  pressure  on  the  abdomen;  pass  two  fingers  of  the 
left  hand  up  to  the  head:  feel  for  a  suture  or  fonfanelle ;  introduce  the 
perforator  and  bore  through,  until  the  progress  of  the  instrument  is  arrested 
by  its  shoulders.     Open  the  handles,  and  turn  the  instrument  in  different 
directions,  so  that  the  opening  may  be  large  enough  to  admit  the  perfo- 
rator, with  which  the  brain  must  be  broken  down." 
If,  after  this,  delivery  cannot  be  accomplished  without  further  aid,  pass  up 
the  craniotomy  forceps;  open  the  handles  slightly,  and  introduce  the  blade 
without  teeth  within  the  cranium.     On  closing  the  forceps,  a  hold  is  ob- 
tained; and  a  tractile  force  can  now  be  exerted  during  the  pains;  and  the 
extrusion  of  the  child  be  effected. 
Should  great  difficulty  exist  at  the  brim,  the  bones  at  the  top  of  the  head 
may  h:ive  to  be  removed,  until  the  base  alone  remains.     The  chin  must 
then  be  brought  through  first. 
The  crotchet  is  often  used  instead  of  the  craniotomy  forceps,  being  passed 
into  the  opening  made  by  the  perforator,  and  hooked  upon  some  bony  pro- 


1.  Short  Forceps.  ■{ 


I 


Fillet  and  Blunt 
Hook. 


Embryulcia. 


I 


PARTURIUM  VANUM 


558 


PASTE 


Embryulcia. 


SyMP 
AN 

Section 


C  jection  in  the  interior  of  the  skull;  but  it  is  not  a  good  instrument.  In 
presentations  of  the  face  demanding  perforation  of  the  cranium,  the  per- 

■i      forator  should  be  introduced  just  above  the  nose,  in  the  sagittal  suture. 

|  When  it  is  necessary  to  open  the  head  after  the  lower  extremities  have  been 

expelled,  the  perforation  must  be  made  behind  the  ear 


L     Section,  (q.  v.) 


^  f  If  the  body  of  the  foetus  have  been  forcibly  separated,  and  the  head  left  in 

Separation  of  j      ^  uteruS)  jt  must  be  laid  hold  of  with  one  hand;  and  the  forceps  be  ap- 
the  Head  of.      plied,  or  the  head  opened  and  delivered  as  under  Embryulcia.     Should 

TUT  H     (V T  IT   «     !  *\  '  .  '.  .     .  r..    .....  .  « 


the     fcetus 
from  the  Body 


the  head  have  been  brought  away,  and  the  body  left  behind,  the  feet  must 

1^     be  brought  down. 

fin  cases  of  narrowness  of  the  pelvis,  where  the  fetus,  at  the  full  term,  can- 
not be  born  alive,  delivery  may  be  brought  about  at  an  earlier  period,  or 
as  soon  as  the  child  is  capable  of  carrying  on  its  functions  independently 
of  the  mother.     ' 

Induction  of  fRE-^  rp^  mQst  atj  visable  plan  of  accomplishing  this  object  is  merely  to  pass  the 
finger  round  and  round  within  the  os  and  cervix  uteri,  so  as  to  detach  the 
decidua; — the  membranes  being  thus  left  entire,  and  the  life  of  the  child 
not  so  much  endangered,  as  where  the  membranes  are  punctured  and  the 
waters  evacuated.     Parturition  usually  follows  within  48  hours. 


The  laying  of  eggs  by  animals  is  termed 
in  French  ponte.  The  term  has  been  applied 
to  the  periodical  discharge — ponte  pcriodique — 
of  ova,  which  takes  place  from  the  ovaries  at 
each  menstrual  period. 

PARTURIUM  VANUM,  Fausse  couche. 
PARTUS,  Parturition — p.  Ca?sareus,   Cesa- 
rean section — p.  Difficilis,  Dystocia. 

PARU'LIS,  from  nana,  'near,'  and  ovlov, 
'  the  gum.'  Aposte'ma  parulis  vel  paroulis, 
Phleg'monB  Parulis,  Gum  Boil.  Small  ab- 
scesses are  so  called  which  form  in  the  gums, 
sometimes  without  any  known  cause,  but 
which  often  depend  upon  carious  teeth. 

PARU'RIA,  from  naqa,  'defectively,'  and 
ovQtta,  'I  pass  urine.'  Morbid  secretion  or  dis- 
charge of  urine. 

Paruria  Incontinens,  Enuresis — p.Inconti- 
nens  aquosa,  see  Diabetes — p.  Inops,  Ischuria, 
false — p.  Mellita,  Diabetes — p.  Retentionis,  Is- 
churia—  p.  Retentionis  renalis,  Ischuria — p. 
Retentionis  vesicalis,  Retention  of  urine — p. 
Stillatitia,  Strangury  —  p.  Stillatitia  mucosa, 
Cystirrhcea. 

PAR'YGRON,  from  nuQa,  and  'vyQoc,  'hu- 
mid.' A  liquid  or  moist  preparation,  for  allay- 
in  of  topical  inflammation. 

PAS  D'JlNE,  Tussilago. 

PASMA,  Catapasma. 

PASQUEFLOWER,  Anemone  pulsatilla. 

PASSA,  Paronychia. 

PASS.E  CORIJNTHIACLE,  see  Vitis  Co- 
rinthiaca. 

PASSAGES,  DIGESTIVE,  Ways,  digestive 
— p.  Second,  Ways,  second. 

PASSE-PIERRE,  Crithmum  maritimum. 

PASSERAGE  SAVVAGE,  Cardamine  pra- 
t g  n  s  i  s . 

PASS1FLORA  LAURIFO'LIA,  Bay-leaved 
passion  flower.     A  native  of  Surinam.      The 
♦fruit  has   a  delicious  smell  and   flavour,  and 
quenches  thirst,  abates  heat  of  the  stomach,  in- 
creases the  appetite,  &c. 

Passiflora  Maufor'mis,  Apple-shaped  Gra- 
nadil'la.  The  fruit  of  this  species  is  esteemed 
a  delicacy  in  the  West  Indies,  where  it  is 
served  up  at  table  in  desserts. 

PASSIO  CCELIACA,  Coeliac  flux— p.  Cho- 


lerica,  Cholera — p.  Felliflua,  Cholera— p.  Hbb- 
moptoica,  Haemoptysis  —  p.  Hypochondriaca, 
Hypochondriasis — p.  Hysterica,  Hysteria — p. 
Uiaca,  Ileus — p.  Ischiadica,  Neuralgia  femoro- 
poplitsea — p.  Pleuritica,  Pleuritis — p.  Ventricu- 
losa,  Coeliac  flux. 

PASSION,  Passio,  Ariimi  Pathe'mata,Affec'- 
tus ;  from  pafior,  passus, '  to  suffer.'  An  active 
affection  of  the  mind;    as  rage,  terror,  love, 

PASSION-FLOWER,  BAY-LEAVED,  Pas- 
siflora laurifolia — p.  Hyslcrique,  Hysteria. 

PASSIVE,  Passi'vus.  Same  etymon  as  Pas- 
sion. An  epithet  for  diseases,  which  seem 
owing  to  a  greater  or  less  diminution  of  the 
strength,  or  which  are  without  apparent  reac- 
tion. Thus,  passive  hemorrhages  are  such  as 
supervene  in  debilitated  individuals,  or  under 
conditions  in  which  increased  action  of  the 
arteries  can  scarcely  be  presumed.  The  term 
passive  has,  also,  been  given  to  aneurisms  of 
the  heart  with  extenuation  of  the  parietes;  in 
opposition  to  active  aneurisms,  with  thickness 
of  the  parietes — hypertrophy. 

PASSUL^E  MAJORES.see  Vitis  vinifera— 
p.  Minores,  see  Vitis  Corinthiaca. 

PASSULA'TUM,  Uva.  passa:,  'raisins,'  'dried 
grapes.'  A  medicine  in  which  the  pulp  of  rai- 
sins is  a  chief  ingredient. 

PASSY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  This 
village  is  in  the  vicinity  of  Paris.  There  are 
several  springs  containing  sulphates  of  lime, 
iron  and  magnesia:  alum;  common  salt;  car- 
bonate of  iron;  carbonic  acid,  &c.  They  are 
employed  as  a  tonic  and  astringent. 

PASTA  DE  ALTHAEA,  Paste,  marshmal- 
low — p.  Amygdalina,  Confection  (almond) — p. 
de  Dactylis,  Paste,  date — p.  Emulsiva,  Confec- 
tion (almond) — p.  de  Jujubis,  Paste  of  jujubes 
— p.  Regia,  Confection  (almond.) 

Pasta  Glycyrrhi'z/e  Gumma'taet  Anisa'ta. 
seu  Massa  de  airacto  ghjajrrlti'r.se.  A  compound 
of  extract,  of  liquorice,  gum  Senegal,  sugar,  Flo- 
rence orris  root,  and  volatile  oil  of  aniseed. 
Demulcent. 

PASTE,  Pasta,  (F.)  Pale.  A  compound 
medicine  like  the  pastil,  but  less  consistent, 


PASTE,  DATE 


559 


PATOR  NARIUM 


flexible,  less  saccharine,  and  more  mucilagi- 
nous. 

Paste,  Date,  Massa  seu  pasta  de  dac'lylis. 
Composed  of  dates,  sugar,  gum  Arabic,  wuter, 
■and  orange  flower  water.     Ph.  P.   Demulcent. 

Paste  of  Ju'jubes,  Pasta  de  ju'jubis,  Massa 
de  zizypho'rum  frvctu:  composed  of  jujubes,  gum 
•Senegal,  sugar,  water,  and  tincture  of  lemon  -peel. 
Demulcent. 

Paste,  Mars hm allow,  Massa  de  gummi 
Aral/ico,  Pasta  de  ulthse'd.  A  compound  of  gum 
Arabic,  sugar,  white  of  egg,  and  orange  flower 
water.     Ph.  P.     It  is  demulcent 

Paste,  Vienna,  see  Powder,  Vienna — p. 
Ward's,  Confectio  piperis  nigri. 

PASTEL,  Isatis  tinctoria. 

PASTkQUE,  Cucurbita  citrullus. 

PASTIL,  Pastil' lus,  Diocres,  Avic'ula  Cip'ria 
Cande'la  fumu'lis,  Phthois,  Plilh ois'cus.  A  com- 
pound of  aromatic  substances  in  various  shapes; 
used  as  a  fumigating  material  when  set  fire  to. 
See  Fumigation. 

The  French  use  the  term  Pastille,  (L.)  Pas- 
tillus,  for  a  solid,  dry,  round,  oblong,  square,  or 
triangular  compound,  whose  base  is  essential 
oil,  and  sugar  the  excipient.  These  pastilles 
are  in  fact  small  lozenges,  and  only  differ  from 
the  tabtette  in  their  smaller  size. 

PASTILLES,  FUMIGATING,  see  Fumi- 
gation. 

PASTILLI  EMETINE  PECTORALES, 
Trochisci  emelina;  pectorales. 

Pastil'li  de  Mentha  Piperita.  Pepper- 
mint drops.  (Sacch.  alb.,  aqux  menthxpip.  des- 
tillat.  aa  §ij.  Boil  to  the  consistence  of  an 
electuary.  Take  of  fine  while  sugar  in  pow- 
der, 5  iv,  volatile  oil  of  peppermint  gss.  Mix,  and 
add  the  electuary  whilst  warm.  Drop  it  then 
on  marble,  and  dry  the  drops.     Ph.  P.) 

PASTINA'CA  OPOP'ANAX.  The  name  of 
the  plant  which  furnishes  the  Opoponax.  The 
plant,  whence  the  gum-resin  is  obtained,  has, 
also,  been  called  Opopanacum,  Panax  her acle'um, 
Panax  costi'num,  Pustinu'cea,  Kyna,  Her'cules- 
allrheal,  Opop'anaxwurt,  Opopanux,  Opopanucis 
gummi-resi'na,  Gezir,  Pop'anax,  Gummi  panacis, 
exudes  from  the  roots  when  wounded.  Its 
odour  is  strong  and  peculiar;  taste,  bitter  and 
acrid.  It  is  met  with  in  the  shops,  in  lumps  of 
a  reddish-yellow  colour,  without;  white  within. 
It  has  been  recommended  as  an  antispasmodic 
and  emmenagogue  ;  but  is  seldom  used.  Dose, 
gr.  x  to  T)j  in  powder. 

Pastina'ca  Sati'va,  Elaphobos'cum,  Pasti- 
naca  sylzes'tris,  Ban'ica,  Garden  parsnep.  The 
root  is  sweet  and  nutritious,  and  is  in  esteem 
as  an  article  of  food.  It  has  been  used  as  a 
diuretic  and  demulcent  in  calculous  affections, 
&c 

Pastinaca  Sylvestris,  P.  sativa — p.  Sylves- 
tris  tenuifolia  officinarum,  Daucus  carota. 

PJ1TE,  Paste — p.  /lrsinicule,  Arsenical  paste. 

PATELLA,  Rotfula,  Epigan'utis,  Epigon'lis, 
Epigou'nis,  Mola,  Concha,  Oc'uhis  genu,  Os 
scutifor'me,  Super  genua' lis,  Caucaloi'des,  Myl- 
acriSjMyte,  (V.)liotule.  Diminutive  of  patina, 
'a  dish.'  so  called  from  its  shape.  A  sort  of 
sesamoid,  flat,  short,  thick,  rounded  bone,  situ- 
ate in  front  of  the  knee,  and  enveloped  in  the 
substance  of  the  tendon  common  to  the  ex- 
tensor muscles  of  the  leg.  The  posterior  sur- 
face of  the  patella  is  divided  into  two  faccltes, 
united  angularly,  which  are  encrusted  with  car- 


tilage, and  each  of  which  is  articulated  with 
one  of  the  condyles  of  the  femur.  The  patella 
is  developed  by  a  single  point  of  ossification. 
When  the  patella  is  fractured,  it  is  difficult  to 
produce  bony  union.  This  can  only  be  accom- 
plished by  keeping  the  fractured  extremities 
closely  in  apposition. 

Patella,  Cup — p.  Fixa,  Olecranon. 
PATHEMA,  Affection,  disease. 
PATHEMATOLOGY,  Pathology. 
PATHET'IC,    Pulhel'icus,  from   raQuv,  'to 
feel.'      That  which    moves    the   passions.      A 
name  given  to  the  superior  oblique  muscle  of  the 
eye  (q.  v.,)  and,  also,  to  a  nerve. 

Pathetic  Nerve,  JVervns  Pa'hct'icus,  N. 
trochlea' ris  seu  trochleato'rius  seu  trochlea' lor,  the 
4th  pa  ir  of  nerves,  Oculo  mvsculairc  interne  (Ch.,) 
(F.)  Nerf  palhetique,  is  the  smallest  encephalic 
nerve.  It  arises  behind  the  inferior  part  of  the 
tubercula  quadrigemina  (the  tales)  at  the  late- 
ral parts  of  the  valvula  Vieussenii.  Its  roots 
unite  into  one  thin  round  cord,  which  makes  a 
turn  upon  the  peduncles  of  the  brain  and  passes 
into  a  canal  of  the  dura  rnater  near  the  posterior 
clinoid  process.  It  enters  the  orbit  by  the 
broadest  part  of  the  sphenoidal  fissure,  and  ter- 
minates in  the  superior  oblique  muscles  of  the 
eye  by  dividing  into  seveial  filaments. 
PATHIC,  Morbid. 
PATHICUS,  Morbid. 
PATHNE,  Alveolus. 

PATHOG"ENY,  Pathogen! ia;  from  7r=tSo?, 
'a  disease,'  and  yivtoic,  'generation.'  The 
branch  of  pathology  which  relates  to  the  ge- 
neration, production  and  development  of  dis- 
ease. 

PATHOGNOMONIC,  Pathognomon'icus, 
Signum  conjunc'tum,-  from  n-udoc,  'an  affec- 
tion,' and  yi\ovx.<xi,  'I  know.'  A  characteristic 
syniptom  of  a  disease. 

PATHOLOGICAL  ANATOMY,  see  Ana- 
tomy. 

PATHOL'OGY,  Pathematol'ogy,  from  ttclSoc, 
'a  disease,'  and  kiyog,  'a  discourse.'  The  branch 
of  medicine  whose  object  is  the  knowledge  of 
disease.  It  has  been  defined  diseased  physi- 
ology, and  physiology  of  disease.  It  is  divided 
into  general  and  special.  The  first  considers 
diseases  in  common; — the  second  the  particular 
history  of  each.  It  is  subdivided  into  internal 
and  external,  or  medical  and  surgical. 
Pathology,  Humoral,  Humorism. 
PATHOMA'NIA,  Parapulhi'a,  Moral  Insani- 
ty, from  TTddog,  'a  disease,'  and  mania,  Mu'nia 
sine  DcH.r'io.  A  morbid  perversion  of  the  natu- 
ral feelings,  affections,  inclinations,  temper, 
habits,  moral  disposition,  and  natural  impulses, 
without  any  remarkable  disorder  or  defect  of  the 
intellect  or  knowing  and  reasoning  faculties, 
and  particularly  without  any  insanity  or  hallu 
cination. 

PATHOPATR1DALGIA.  Nostalgia. 
PATHOS,  Affection,  Disease. 
PATIENCE,    Rumex    patientia— p.    d'Eau, 
Ruinex    hydrolapathum — p.    Garden,    Rumex 
patientia—?.*.    Rouge,    Rumex    sanguineus — p. 
Stivratrc,  Rumex  acutus. 

PATIENTIA,  Rumex  patientia. 
PATIENTIA    MUSCULUS,    Levator   sca- 
pula?. 

PATNE,  Alveolus. 

PATOR  NA'RIUM.    The  cavity  or  the  open- 
ing of  the  nostrils. 


PATRATIO 


3G0 


PECTORALIS  MAJOR 


PATRATIO,  Ejaculation,  (of  sperm.) 

PATURSA,  Syphilis. 

PAU,  (CLIMATE  OF.)  Pau  is  the  capital 
of  the  department  of  the  Lower  Pyrenees;  and 
is  about  150  miles  from  Bordeaux,  and  50  from 
Eayonne.  The  climate  corresponds  with  that 
of  the  south-west  of  France  generally ;  its  great 
quality  is  the  comparative  mildness  of  its  spring 
and  exemption  from  cold  winds.  It  is  regarded 
as  a  favourable  winter  residence  for  invalids 
labouring  under  chronic  affections  of  the  mu- 
cous membranes.  It  is  too  changeable  for  the 
consumptive;  and  to  be  avoided  by  the  rheu- 
matic. 

PAULLIN'IA.  This  is  an  extract  from  a 
plant  of  the  same  name  in  Brazil.  It  is  prepared 
by  the  Indians,  and  appears  to  possess  excitant 
powers.  In  Brazi',  and  the  neighbouring  coun- 
tries, it  is  given  in  the  form  of  Tisane — the 
powder  being  mixed  with  cocoa — in  diarrhcea 
and  dysentery.  It  has  been  employed  also  as 
a  tonic.  An  extract  is  prepared  in  Brazil  from 
the  Paullinia  sorbilis,  known  there  under  the 
name  of  Guarana,  which  is  administered  in 
similar  pathological  cases. 

PAUME  DE  LA  MAW,  Palm. 

PAUOiNTA,  Sedatives. 

PAUFlERE,  Palpebra. 

PAUSIME'NIA,  from  rravrtc,  'cessation,' 
and  [ai}viq,  'menses.'    Cessation  of  the  menses. 

PAVANA  WOOD,  Croton  tiglium. 

PAVIL'ION.  The  French  give  the  name 
pavilion,  to  the  expanded  extremity  of  a  canal 
or  cavity,  e.  g.  of  a  catheter,  sound,  &c. 

Pavilion  of  the  Ear,  Auric'ula,  Pinna,  Ala, 
(F.)  Auricule  ou  Oriculc,  Pavilion  de  loreille,  is 
seated  behind  the  cheeks,  beneath  the  temple, 
and  anterior  to  the  mastoid  process.  Its  size 
varies  in  individuals.  It  is  free  above,  behind, 
and  below.  Anteriorly  and  within,  it  is  continu- 
ous with  the  neighbouring  parts.  Its  outer 
surface  has  several  prominences,  the  Helix,  An- 
thetix,  Tragus,  Antitragns,  and  Lobe,-  and  seve- 
ral cavities — the  groove  of  the  Helix,  the  fossa 
naviciilaris  seu  scaphoides,  and  the  Concha.  The 
skin  which  covers  the  pavilion  is  very  fine  and 
studded  with  a  number  of  sebaceous  follicles. 
The  auricle  is  fixed  to  the  head  by  three  fibro- 
cellular  ligaments; — a  superior,  anterior,  and 
posterior. 

PAVILLOJY  DE  U OREILLE,  Pavilion  of 
the  ear — ;;.  de  la  Trompe,  see  Tuba  Fallopiana. 

PA  VINA,  iEsculus  hippocastanum. 

FAVOR,  Panophobia. 

PAVOT.  Papiver. 

PAZAHAR,  Bezoar. 

PEA,  GROUND  SQUIRREL,  Jeffersonin 
Bartoni — p.  Love,  Abrus  precatorius — p.  Nut, 
Arachis  hypogea 

PEACH  BRANDY,  Amygdalus  Persica— 
p.  Tree,  Amygdalus  Persica — p.  Wood,  see 
Csesalpinia. 

PEAGLE,  Primula  veris. 

PEAR,  see  Pyrus  malus. 

PEARL,  Perla,  Mar'garon,  Margarita,  U'nio, 
(F.)  Perle.  A  roundish  concretion,  of  a  silvery 
white  colour,  and  brilliant  polish,  found  in 
several  shells,  and  especially  in  the  Avic'ula 
rnargariiif  era,  which  has,  hence,  been  called 
Mater  perla'rum,  Mother  of  pearl,  and  is  much 
used  in  the  fabrication  of  handles  for  surgical 
instruments,  &c.     Pearls  were,  formerly,  given 


in  powder  as  astringents  and  antacids.     They 
consist  of  lime  and  an  animal  matter. 

Pearl  Ash,  Potash  of  commerce— p.  Mother 
of,  see  Pearl— p.  White,  Bismuth,  subnilrate  of. 

PEAU,  Cutis. 

PEAUCIER,  Platysma  myoides. 

PECCANT,  Peccans,  from  peccare,  'to  sin.' 
An  epithet  given  by  the  humorists,  to  the  hu- 
mours when  erring  in  quality  or  quantity. 

PECHEDEON,  Perinseum. 

PECHER,  Amygdalus  Persica. 

PECHURIM  CORTEX.  A  highly  aromatic 
bark,  the  produce  of  a  species  of  laurus.  It 
is  estremely  fragrant,  like  that  of  cinnamon, 
which  it  greatly  resembles  in  its  properties. 
In  Portugal,  it  is  used  in  the  cure  of  dysen- 
tery, &c. 

PECHYAGRA,  Pectihagra,from  Ttriyyz,  'the 
elbow,'  and  ctyaa,  'a  seizure.'  Gout  affecting 
the  elbow. 

PECHYS,  Elbow. 

PECHYTYRBE,Porphyranautica. 

PECTEN,  Pubes. 

PECTIHAGRA,  Peehyagra. 

PECTIN,  from  s-exn;,  'a  coagulum.'  A 
name  given  by  Braconnot  to  a  principle  which 
forms  the  basis  of  vegetable  jelly.  It  is  exten- 
sively diffused  in  the  juices  of  pulpy  fruits  and 
roots,  especially  when  they  are  mature,  and  oc- 
casions these  juices  to  coagulate  when  they  are 
mixed  with  alcohol  or  boiled  with  sugar. 

It  is  the  basis  of  one  of  the  classes  of  ele- 
mentary principles  of  Dr.  Pereira — the  pecti- 
ixaceov s. 

PECTIN ACEOUS,  Pectinous. 

PECTINA'LIS,  from  pect.cn,  'the  pubes;' 
Pcctina/vs,  Pubio -femoral,  Snspv.bio-f6moral 
(Ch.)  (F.)  Pcctini.  This  muscle  is  situate  at 
the  inner  and  upper  part  of  the  thiffh.  It  is 
long,  flat,  and  triangular;  is  attached,  above, 
to  the  space  which  separates  the  ileo-pectinea! 
eminence  from  the  spine  of  the  os  pubis;  and, 
b<  low,  by  a  flat  tendon,  to  the  oblique  line 
which  descends  from  the  lesser  trochanter  to 
the  linea  aspera.  The  pectinalis  bends  the 
thigh  on  the  pelvis;  and  carries  it  outwards  in 
adduction  and  rotation.  It  may,  also,  bend  the 
pelvis  on  the  thigh. 

PECTIN  ATI"  MUS'CULI,  from  peeten,  'a 
comb.'     The  fascicular  texture  observed  in  the 
risrht  auricle  of  the  heart: — Mus'culi  Auricula: 
'/('.     Their  main  use  probably  is — to  pre- 
vent the  over  dilatation  of  the  auricles. 

PECTINli.  Pectinalis. 

PECTINOUS,  Pectina'ceus,  Pectindsas,  Pec- 
tinaceous,  from  pectin.  Of  or  belonging  to  pec- 
tin or  vegetable  jelly, — as  a  pectinous  or  pcclina- 
ceous  vegetable  principle. 

PECTORAL.  GRAND,  Pectoralis  major. 

PECTORALIS  INTERNUS,  Triangularis 
sterni. 

Pkctora'lis  Major,  from  pectus,  'the  breast.' 
Pectoralis.  Sterna  cost o-c.l aria- humeral ,  Slcrno- 
humeral  (Ch  ,)  (F.)  Grand  Pectoral.  A  large 
flat,  triangular  muscle,  situate  at  the  anterior 
part  of  the  chest,  before  the  axilla.  It  is  at- 
tached, on  the  one  hand,  by  means  of  aponeu- 
rotic fibres,  to  the  inner  half  of  the  anterior 
edge  of  the  clavicle;  to  the  anterior  surface  ol 
the  sternum,  and  to  the  cartilages  of  the  first 
six  true  ribs; — on  the  other,  by  a  strong  tPndon, 
which  is  inserted  at  the  anterior  edge  of  the  bi- 
cipital groove  of  the  humerus.    The  use  of  this 


PECTORALIS  MINOR 


561 


PELLAGRA 


muscle  is — to  move  the  arm  in  various  direc- 
tions. If  it  he  hanging  by  the  side  of  the  body, 
it  carries  it  inwards  and  a  little  forwards.  When 
the  arm  is  raised,  it  depresses  it  and  carries  it 
inwards.  It  can,  also,  move  it  in  rotation  in- 
wards. If  the  humerus  be  raised  and  fixed,  the 
pectoralis  major  draws  the  trunk  towards  the 
upper  extremity. 

Pectora'lis  MiNon,  Serra'tus  anti'cus  minor, 
Costo-coracoidien  (Ch.,J  (F.)  Petit  Pectoral,  Petit 
denlcle  antirceur.  This  muscle  is  situate  be- 
neath the  preceding,  at  the  anterior  and  upper 
part  of  the  chest.  It  is  flat  and  triangular.  It 
is  attached  by  its  base,  which  appears  digitated, 
to  the  upper  edgeUnd  outer  surface  of  "the  3d, 
4lh,andf>th  true  ribs,  and  is  inserted  at  the  an- 
terior part  of  the  coracoid  process.  The  pecto- 
ralis minor  draws  the  scapula  forwards  and 
downwards,  and  makes  it  execute  a  rotatory 
motion,  by  virtue  of  which  its  inferior  angle  is 
carried  backwards,  and  the  anterior  depressed 
When  the  shoulder  is  fixed,  it  elevates  the  ribs 
to  which  it  is  attached,  and  aids  in  the  dilata- 
tion of  the  chest. 

PECTORALS,  Pectora'/ia,  Thome" ica.  Me- 
dicines considered  proper  for  relieving  or  re- 
moving affections  of  the  chest. 

Pectohal  Dhops,  Bateman's,  consist  chiefly 
of  tincture  of  castor,  with  some  camphor  and 
opium,  flavoured  by  aniseed.  Gray  gives  the 
following  formula.  Custur  5,j,o/.  anisi.  gj,camph. 
%v,  coccin.  t"iss,  opii  £vj,  -proof  spirit,  a  gallon. 

A  form,  advised  by  a  committee  of  the  Phila- 
delphia College  of  Pharmacy,  is  the  following: 
— Alcohol,  dil.  cong.  iv,  Santa  I.  rubr.  ras.  J5J., 
Digere  per  horas  xxiv;  cola,  et  adde  Pair,  opii, 
Pulv.  catechu,  Camphora  aa  §ij,  01.  anisii.  giv. 
Digest  for  ten  days. 

PECTORILOQUE,  from  pectus,  'the  chest,' 
and  haul,  'to  speak.'  Lnennec  calls  thus  one 
who  presents  the  phenomenon  of  Pedoriloquism. 
Also  a  Stethoscope,  (q.  v.) 

PE  C  TO  ML  0  Q  VIE  CHl  VR  0  TANTE,  Ego- 
phony. 

PECTORILOQUY,  Pedoriloquism,  Cav'er- 
vous  voice,  Pectoriu/qvia,  (F.)  Pectoriloquie,  Voix 
cucerneuse,  V.  arlicuUe.  Same  etymon.  Speech 
or  voice  coming  from  the  chest.  Laennec  has 
designated,  by  this  name,  the  phenomenon  often 
presented  by  consumptive  individuals,  when 
their  chests  are  examined  with  the  stethoscope. 
The  voice  seems  to  issue  directly  from  the  chest, 
and  to  pass  through  the  central  canal  of  the 
cylinder, — a  phenomenon  owing  to  the  voice 
resounding  in  those  anfractuous  cavities,  pro- 
duced in  the  lungs  by  the  suppuration  or  break- 
ing down  of  tubercles,  which  constitute  ab- 
scesses or  ulcers  of  the  lnn<rs. 

PECTUS.  Thorax. 

PECULIUM,  Penis. 

PEDAGRA,  Potasss  supertartras  impurus. 

PEDE8IS,  Pulsation. 

PEDETHMOS,  Pulsation. 

PEDICLE,  VITELLINE,  see  Vesicula  um- 
bilicalis. 

PEDICULARIA,  Delphinium  staphisagria. 

PEDICULATIO,  Phtheiriasis. 

PED1CUEUS.  Pldheir,  the  Louse,  (F.)  Pou. 
A  genus  of  parasitic  insects.  The  human  body 
is  in  tested  with  three  kinds:  the  Body-louse,  (F.) 
Pou  <!'  corps;  the  Head-louse,  (F.)  Pou  de  la 
tile,  w  inch  lives  in  the  hair;  and  the  Crab-louse, 
Mor'pio,  Plul'ula,  (F.)  Morpion,  which  infests 


the  hair  of  the  pubes.  Infusion  of  tobacco,  Of 
mercurial  ointment,  or  ointment  of  white  pre- 
cipitate of  mercury,  or  the  white  or  red  preci- 
pitate of  mercury,  readily  destroys  them. 

Pediculus  Pubis,  Crab-louse. 

PEDICURE,  Chiropodist. 

PEDICIJS,  Extensor  brevis  digitorum  pedis. 

PED1ETJX,  (muscle,)  Extensor  brevis  digito- 
rum pedis. 

PEDIGAMBRA,  Ysambra. 

PEDILU'VIUM,  from  pedes,  'the  feet,'  and 
lavo,  '  I  wash.'  Lavipe'dium,  (F.)  Bain  de  pieds, 
A  bath  for  the  feet.     See  Bath. 

P El) ION,  Sole. 

PEDIUM,  Tarsus. 

PE'JWJVCULES  DU  CERVELET,  Corpora 
restiformia. 

PEDORA.  The  sordes  of  the  eyes,  ears,  and 
feet. 

PED'UNCLE,  Pedun'cvlus.  This  term  has 
been  applied  to  different  prolongations  or  ap- 
pendices of  the  encephalon,  from  pes,  pedis,  '  a 
foot.'  Thus,  the  Peduncles  of  the  brain,  are  the 
Crura  cerebri]  the  Peduncles  of  the  cerebcl'lum, 
the  Crura  cci (belli. 

Peduncles  ok  the  Brain,  called  also  Crura 
anterio'ra  medulla  oblonga'tte,  are  two  white 
cords,  about  qths  of  an  inch  in  diameter,  on  the 
outside  of  the  corpora  albicantia.  They  arise 
from  the  medullar}'  substance  of  the  brain,  and 
gradually  approach,  till  they  join  the  tuber  an- 
nulare. They  are  formed,  internally,  of  a  mix- 
ture of  cineritious  and  medullary  matter;  the 
former  of  which,  being  of  a  darker  colour  at 
one  point  than  in  any  other  part  of  the  brain, 
has  been  called  Locus  niger  antrum  cerebri. 

Peduncles  of  the  Ceheuellum,  calied  also 
Crura  pasterio'ra, arise  from  the  medullary  part 
of  the  cerebellum,  and  unite  at  the  tuber  annu- 
lare. 

Peduncles  of  the  Medulla  Oblongata, 
Corpora  restiformia. 

Peduncles  of  the  Pineal  Gland  are  two 
medullary  bands  or  strips,  which  seem  to  issue 
from  the  pineal  gland,  and  proceed  on  each 
side  upon  the  upper  and  inner  region  of  the 
optic  thalami. 

PEDUNCULI  MEDULLA  OBLONGATA, 
Corpora  restiformia. 

PEGA,  Canthus  (lesser.) 

PEGANELiE'ON,  Oleum  ruta'ceum,  Oil  of 
Rue;  from  neyetvov,  '  rue.' 

PEGANUM,  Ruta. 

PEINE,  Hunger. 

PE1RA,  Effort,  Experience,  Nisns. 

PELA'GIA.  A  kind  of  scaly  erysipelas  of 
the  hands — sometimes  of  the  legs,  at  others,  of 
the  face.     Pellagra.  (?) 

PELAGRA,  Pellagra. 

PEL'ICAN,  Pclica'nus.  An  instrument, 
curved  at  the  end  like  the  beak  of  a  pelican. 
Its  use  is  to  extract,  teeth. 

PELICIDE,  Pelade,  Mel  coctum.  Boiled 
honey. — Ruland  and  Johnson. 

PELIDNOMA,  Ecchymoma. 

PELIO'MA,  from  neXog,  'black.'  A  livid  ec- 
chymosis. —  Forestus.     See  Ecchymoma.  (q.  v.) 

PELIOSE,  Purpura  hemorrhagica. 

PELIOSIS,  Purpura  hemorrhagica. 

PEL'LAGRA,  Pelagra,  Ichthyosis  Pellagra, 
Elephantiasis  ltal'ica,  Tuber  Pellagra,  Lepra 
Mediolancn'sis,  L.  Lombard' ica,  Scorbu'tus  alpi'- 
nus,  Ma'nia  pella'gria,  Eryt/te'ma  endem'icum 


PELLICULA  SUMMA 


562 


PELVIS  AURIUM 


sen  pel'lagrum,  Insolazione  dc  Primavcra,  Mai 
del  Sole,  Dermafagra,  Erysipelas  period' ica  ner- 
vo'sa  chronica,  Mai  de  misere,  Paralysis  scorbu- 
tica, Scurvy  of  the  Alps,  Imped' go  Pellagra,  (F.) 
Scorbut  des  Alpes,-  from  TitV.a,  (?)  'skin,'  and 
ayqa,  'seizure.'  A  disease,  particularly  noticed 
amongst  the  Milanese,  which  consists  in  the 
skin  becoming  covered  with  wrinkles,  and  as- 
suming a  scaly  appearance,  especially  in  the 
parts  exposed  to  the  air.  The  strength  dimi- 
nishes, the  intellectual  faculties  and  sensations 
become  obscure,  arid  cramps,  convulsions,  and 
other  lesions  of  muscular  contractility  super- 
vene. It  is  a  singular,  endemic  affection,  and 
has  been  supposed  to  follow  every  where  the 
introduction  of  Indian  corn:  hence  the  name 
Rapha'nia  ma'iz'tica,  given  to  it  by  some  of  the 
Italian  physicians. 

PELLICULA  SUMMA,  Epidermis— p.  Su- 
perior, Epidermis. 

P ELLIS,  Cutis — p.  Summa,  Epidermis. 

FELLITORY,  .Xanthoxylum  fraxineum— p. 
Bastard,  Achillea  ptarmica — p.  of  Spain,  An- 
theinis  pyrethrum — p.  Wall,  Parietaria. 

PELMA,  Sole. 

PELOTE  DE  MER,  Pila  marina. 

PELT1GERA  CANINA,  Lichen  caninus. 

PELUDE,  Pelicide. 

PELVIC,  Pel'vicvs,  Pehinus.  Belonging  or 
relating  to  the  pelvis. 

Pelvic  Aponeurosis,  (F.)  Jlponevrose  pelvi- 
enne.  M.  J.  Cloquet  gives  this  name  to  an  apo- 
neurotic expansion,  of  greater  or  less  thickness, 
which  is  attached  to  the  brim  of  the  pelvis,  be- 
ing continuous  with  the  fascia  iliaca  and  the 
aponeurotic  expansion  of  the  psoas  parvus. 
This  aponeurosis  forms  a  kind  of  resisting  par- 
tition, which  effectually  supports  the  perito- 
neum, and  has  several  apertures,  through  which 
different  organs  pass. 

Pelvic  Cavity,  (F.)  Cavite  prtvienne;  the 
cavity  of  the  pelvis. 

Pelvic  Members;  the  lower  extremities. 

Pelvic  Surface  of  the  Il'ium;  that  which 
faces  the  pelvic  cavity. 

PELVI-TROCHANTE'RIAN,  Pelvi-trochan- 
teria'nus.  That  which  relates  to  the  pelvis  and 
great  trochanter.  The  Pelvi-trochante'rian  re- 
gion is  formed  by  the  muscles — pyramidalis, 
tico  obturators,  gemini,  and  quadratus  femnris, 
which  pass  from  the  pelvis  to  the  digital  cavity 
of  the  great  trochanter. 

PELVIM'ETER,  Pelycom'cter,  Pelyom'eter, 
from  pelvis,  and  ^istqov,  'a  measure.'  A  barba- 
rous hybrid.  This  name  has  been  given  to  dif- 
ferent instruments,  invented  for  measuring  the 
diameters  of  the  pelvis,  and  particularly  the 
antero-posterior  or  fore-and-aft  diameter  of  the 
brim.  Two  have  been  chiefly  employed,  espe- 
cially by  French  practitioners; — the  Compos 
d'epaisseur,  and  the  Pelvimeter  of  Coutouly.  1. 
The  Campus  d'ipnisseur  or  Cal'lipers  of  Baude- 
locque,  is  formed  like  a  pair  of  compasses — with 
blunt  extremities — the  branches  of  which  can 
be  moved  at  will.  One  of  these  is  applied  to  the 
symphysis  pubis,  and  the  other  on  the  sacrum. 
About  three  inches  must  be  deducted  from  this 
measurement  for  the  thickness  of  the  mons  ve- 
neris, pubis,  and  the  base  of  the  sacrum.  2.  The 
Pelvimeter  of  Coutouly  resembles  the  instru- 
ments used  by  shoemakers  for  measuring  the 
length  of  the  foot.  The  two  branches  are  in- 
troduced, in  a  state  of  approximation,  into  the 


vagina;  and  then  separated,  so  that  one  touches 
the  promontory  of  the  sacrum,  the  other  comes 
behind  the  os  pubi3.  It  is  a  barbarous  contri- 
vance, and  its  introduction  ought  never  to  be 
attempted  on  the  living  subject.  It  does  not, 
indeed,  seem  possible  to  introduce  it  without 
mischief. 

The  finger  is,  decidedly,  the  best  pelvimeter, 
and  by  it  we  can  judge  whether  the  base  of  the 
sacrum  be  unusually  prominent. 

PELVIS,  Cho'ana,  Py'elos,  (F.)  Bassin,-  so 
called,  because  fancied  to  be  shaped  like  an 
ancient  basin.  The  part  of  the  trunk  which 
bounds  the  abdomen  below.  It  is  a  large,  bony, 
irregular,  conoidal  cavity, — d^en  above  and  be- 
low,— which  supports  and  contains  a  part  of 
the  intestines,  and  the  urinary  and  genital  or- 
gans; and  serves,  at  the  same  time,  as  a  fixed 
point  for  the  articulation  of  the  lower  limbs,  the 
attachment  of  their  muscles,  and  the  execution 
of  their  movements.  The  pelvis  supports,  be- 
hind, the  vertebral  column,  and  is  sustained, 
before,  by  the  ossa  femorum.  It  is  situate,  in 
the  adult,  near  the  middle  part  of  the  body,  and 
is  composed  of  four  broad,  flat,  unequally  thick 
bones,  differing  much  in  their  shape,  size,  and 
airangement,  which  tuuch,  are  articulated  at 
some  part  of  their  surface,  and  intimately  united 
by  means  of  a  number  of  ligamentous  fascia?. 
Of  these  bones,  two  are  behind,  on  the  median 
line, — the  sacrum  and  coccyx;  the  two  others 
are  before  and  at  the  sides, — the  ilia.  They 
are  fellows,  and  unite,  before,  with  each  other. 
The  most  important  parts  of  the  pelvis,  in  an 
obstetrical  point  of  view,  are  the  brim  and  the 
outlet.  The  Brim,  Angus' tia  abdominal  Us,  In- 
tro'itus  or  Upper  Opening  or  strait  of  the  Cavity 
of  the  Pelvis,  (F.)  Detroit  superieur,  D.  abdomi- 
nal, is  the  narrow  part  which  separates  lh« 
greater  pelvis  from  the  less — the  false  from  the 
true.  In  the  well  formed  woman,  it  is  elliptical, 
and  slightly  inclined  forwards.  Its  antero-pos- 
rior  or  sac?v-pubic  diameter,  in  a  standard  pelvis, 
measures  4j  inches,  but  with  the  soft  parts,  3|- 
inches;  its  transverse  or  iliac  or  lateral,  -r)i  in- 
ches, with  the  soft  parts  4  inches;  and  its  oblique 
with  the  soft  parts,  4|  inches.  The  Outlet, 
(F.)  Detroit  inferieur,  D.  perineal,  Ez'itus,  In- 
ferior opening  or  strait  Angus' tia  pcrinxdHs, 
forms  tiie  lower  aperture  of  the  pelvis.  The 
antero-posterior  diameter  is  here,  on  account  of 
the  mobility  of  the  coccyx,  5  inches;  the  lateral, 
4  inches.  The  Axis  of  the  Pelvis  is  important 
to  be  known  in  obstetrics.  The  Axis  of  the 
Brim  is  indicated  by  a  straight  line  drawn  from 
the  umbilicus  to  the  apex  of  the  coccyx  : — the 
Axis  of  the  Outlet  by  a  line  drawn  from  the 
first  bone  of  the  sacrum  to  the  entrance  of  the 
vagina. 

Pelvis  of  the  Kidney,  Pelvis  rena'  Us ,  Sinus, 
Venter  seu  Alcus  Renum,  (F.)  Bassinet.  This 
is  a  small,  membranous  pouch,  occupying  the 
posterior  part  of  the  fissure  of  the  kidney.  It 
is  placed  behind  the  renal  artery  and  vein;  is 
elongated  from  above  to  beiow;  flattened  from 
before  to  behind;  irregularly  oval  in  figure; 
and,  below,  contracts  considerably,  to  be  con- 
tinuous with  the  ureter.  It  receives  the  ori- 
fices of  the  infundibula,  which  pour  the  urine 
secreted  in  the  kidney  into  its  cavity. 

Pelvis  Aurium,  Cochlea— p.  Cerebri,  Infun- 
dibulum  of  the  brain — p.  Ocularis,  Seaphium 
oculare. 


PELYCOMETER 


563 


PEPSIN 


PELYCOMETER,  Pelvimeter. 

PELYOMETEK,  Pelvimeter. 

PEM'PHIGUS, Emphlysis  Pem'phigus,  Pom'- 
pholyx, .from  ni/utp,*,  'a  blister;'  Febris  bullo- 
sa, vesicula'ris,  ampullo'sa  seu  pemphigo'des  seu 
pcmphingo'des,  Exanthema  sero'sum,  Morta, 
Pemphigus  Hclceticus,  Pemphigus  major,  Pem- 
phigus minor,  Morbus  bullosas,  Pemphinx,  Pem- 
phix,  Typhus  vesicula'ris,  Vesidular  Fever,  Blad- 
dery Fever.  A  disease,  defined  to  consist  of 
vesicles,  scattered  over  the  body;  transparent, 
filbert-sized,  with  a  red,  inflamed  edge,  but 
without  surrounding  blush  or  tumefaction;  on 
breaking,  disposed  to  ulcerate;  fluid,  pellucid 
or  slightly  coloured;  fever,  typhous.  It  is 
doubtful  whether  any  such  idiopathic  fever  have 
ever  existed;  the  probability  is,  that  the  fever 
and  vesications  have  been  an  accidental  com- 
plication. Cullen  thinks  the  Pemphigus  Helve- 
ticus  must  have  been  malignant  sore  throat.  If, 
however,  such  a  distinct  disease  did  exist,  it 
was  probably  only  as  an  endemico-epidemic. 

Pemphigus  Vahiolodes,  see  Varicella. 

PEMPHINX,  Pemphio-us. 

PEMPHIX,  Pemphigul 

PENJDA  MUCRONATA,see  Sarcocolla— p. 
Sarcocolla,  Sarcocolla. 

PENCIL-LIKE  PROCESSES,  Styloid  pro- 
cesses. 

PEN'ETRATING,  Pen'etrans,  from  pene- 
trate, (penitus  intrare,)  '  to  go  into.'  A  wound 
is  so  called  which  penetrates  one  of  the  great 
splanchnic  cavities. —  Vubius  penetrans. 

A  medicine  is,  also,  so  called,  which  is  sup- 
posed to  pass  through  the  pores  and  stimulate. 

PENICILLUM,  Compress. 

PENICIL/LUS,  Penicillum,'  a  painter's  brush;' 
diminutive  of  penis,  '  a  tail.'  A  tent  or  pledget, 
(q.  v.)  The  secreting,  glandiform  extremities 
of  the  vense  ports,  (Acini  biliosi.)  have  also 
been  so  termed,  as  well  as  the  villous  textures. 

Penicillus,  Tent. 

PENICULUM,  Compress. 

PENICULUS,  Tent. 

PENTDES,  Saccharum  hordeatum. 

PENID'IUM,  Penidium  sacchara'tum.  A 
kind  of  clarified  sugar,  made  up  into  rolls. 
Barley  sugar.     It  is  demulcent. 

FENIL,  Mons  veneris. 

PENIS,  'a  tail,'  from  pendere,  'to  hang 
down.'  Caulis,  Coles,  Caules,  Men'tula,  Menta, 
PhalL'us,  Posthe,  Crithe,  Priu'pus,  Virga,  V. 
viri'lis,  V.  gcnita'/is,  Vere'trum,  Salhe,  Mem- 
bra hi  viri'le,  Membrum,  Verbus,  Viri'le,  Pars 
Viri'lis,  Merrfbrum  seminale  seu  genitale  viro'- 
rum,  Sic'ula,  Tenturn,  Husla,  H.  nuptia'lis,  H. 
viri'lis,  Vas,  Vas'  culurn,  Pecu'lium,  Vir'gula,  Vir, 
Thyrsus,  Tensus,  Cluvus,  Cauda  salax,  Cauda, 
Fas'cinum,  F.  viri'le,  Mulo,  Nervus,  N.  Jistulo'- 
sus  seu  Jistula'ris,  Scapus,  Vena,  Contus,  Telum, 
Gurgu'lco,  Sccptrum,  Arrna,  Glu'dius,  Lu'bricum 
Caput,  Muti'num,  Pa/us,  Pes'sulus,  Radix,  Ra- 
mus, Riital/ulutii,  Arma,  Ventris,  Columna  ad- 
stans  inguin'ibus,  Colum'na,  Pyr'amis,  'Prabs, 
Spina,  Catapulta  viri'lis,  Verpa,  Machse'ra,  Tau- 
rus; the  Yard,  Male  organ,  &c,  (F.)  Verge, 
Membre  viril.  This  organ,  the  use  of  which  is 
to  carry  the  seminal  fluid  into  the  female  organs 
of  generation,  is  cylindroid,  long,  and  erectile, 
and  situate  before  and  beneath  the  symphysis 
pubis.  In  the  ordinary  state,  it  is  soit  and 
pendent  in  front  of  the  scrotum.  During  erec- 
tion,it  becomeselongated,  upright, and  assumes 


a  triangular  shape.  Its  upper  surface  is  called 
the  Dorsum  Penis,  (¥.)  Dos  dc  la  verge,-  and, 
at  its  anterior  surface,  there  is  a  longitudinal 
projection  formed  by  the  canal  of  the  urethra. 
The  two  sides  of  the  penis  are  round,  and  its 
posterior  extremity  or  root  is  attached  to  the 
pelvis.  Its  anterior  extremity  is  free,  and  pre- 
sents the  glans,  prepuce,  and  orifice  of  the 
urethra.  The  penis  is  formed  of  the  corpora 
cavernosa,  the  principal  seat  of  erection;  the 
corpus  spongiosum  of  the  urethra  for  the  con- 
veyance of  the  urine  and  sperm,  and  of  the 
glans,  which  terminates  the  canal. 

Penis  Cerebri,  Pineal  gland— p.  Muliebris, 
Clitoris. 

PEN'NIFORM  Pennifor'mis,  from  penna,  'a 
pen,'  and  forma,  'form.'  An  epithet  for  mus- 
cles, whose  fleshy  fibres  are  inserted  on  each 
side  of  a  middle  tendon,  like  the  feathers  of  a 
pen  on  their  common  stalk. 

PENNYCRESS,  Thlaspi. 

PENNYROYAL,  Mentha  pulegium,  Hedeo- 
ma  pulegioides — p.  Hart's,  Mentha  cervina. 

PENSACOLA,  see  Saint  Augustine. 

PENS£E,  Viola  tricolor— p.  Sauvage,  Viola 
tricolor. 

PENTAMYRON,  Pentamm'ron,  from  Trivrt, 
'five,'  and^ugov,  'ointment.'  An  ancient  oint- 
ment, consisting  of  five  ingredients.  These  are 
said  to  have  been — storax,  niastich,  wax,  opo- 
balsam,  and  unguentum  nardinum. — Paulusand 
Aetius. 

PENTAPHAR'MACON,  from  nsvrs,  '  five,' 
and  <pa(jpa.x.or,  '  remedy.'  Any  medicine  con- 
sisting of  five  ingredients. 

PENTAPHYLLUM,  Potentilla  reptans. 

PEN'TATEUCH,  (SURGICAL,)  Pentateu'- 
chus,  from  ntvrt,  'five,  and  riv^o^,  'a  book,' 
which  signifies  the  five  books  of  Moses — Gene- 
sis, Exodus,  Leviticus,  Numbers,  and  Deutero- 
nomy. By  analogy,  some  surgeons  have  given 
the  name  Surgical  Pentateuch  to  the  division  of 
external  diseases  into  five  classes: — wounds, 
ulcers,  tumours,  luxations,  and  fractures. 

PENZANCE,  CLIMATE  OF.  This  is  the 
chief  residence  of  invalids  in  Cornwall,  Eng- 
land, during  the  winter.  It  is  situate  on 
Mount's  Bay,  about  ten  miles  from  the  Land's 
End.  It  is  62°  warmer  in  winter  than  London ; 
2° colder  in  summer;  scarcely  1°  warmer  in  the 
spring,  and  only  about  2^°  warmer  in  the  au- 
tumn. It  is  a  very  favourable  winter  residence 
for  the  phthisical  invalid. 

PEONY,  Pajonia. 

PEPANSIS,  Coction,  Maturation. 

PEPANTJCOS,  Maturative. 

PEPASMOS,  Coction,  Maturation. 

PEPAS'TIC,  Pepas' ticus,  from  mnttivw,  'I 
concoct.'  A  medicine  supposed  to  have  the 
power  of  favouring  the  concoction  of  diseases. 
Maturative,  (q.  v.) 

PEPO,  Cucurbita  pepo. 

PEPPER,  BLACK,  Piper  nigrum— p.  Cay- 
enne, Capsicum  annuum — p.  Cubeb,  Piper  cu- 
beba — p.  Guinea,  Capsicum  annuum — p.  Ja- 
maica.Myrtus  Pimento — p.  Long,  Piper  longum 
— p.  Poor-man's,  Polygonum  hydropiper — p. 
Tailed,  Piper  cubeba— p.  Turnip,  Arum  tri- 
phyllum— p.  Water,  Polygonum  hydropiper — 
p.  Wall,  Sedum— p.  White,  Piper  album. 

PEPPERWORT,  Lepidium. 

PEPSIN, from  s-ti/'i?,  'coction.'  A  peculiar 
organic  matter,  which  in  combination  with  the 


PEPSIS 


5C4 


PERICARDITIS 


gastrie  acids,  is  considered  to  form  the  proper 
digestive  solvent.  Its  chemical  constitution  is 
unknown.  It  would  appear  that  its  presence  is 
necessary  to  induce  changes  in  the  elements  of 
the  food,  which  may  enable  the  gastric  acids  to 
act  upon  them  so  as  to  form  chyme. 

PEPSIS,  Coction,  Digestion. 

PEPTIC,  Pep'ticus,  from  ttitctw,  'I  ripen.' 
A  substance  which  promotes  digestion,  or  is 
digestive. 

PERCE-CRAXE,  Perforator. 

PERCEFEUJLLE,  Bupleurum  rotundifo- 
lium. 

PERCE- MOUSSE,  Polytrichum. 

PERCE-PIERRE,  Crilhmum  maritimum. 

PERCEP'TA,  from  percipere,  '  to  perceive,' 
'receive.'  A  word  used  by  some  writers  on  Hy- 
giene to  indicate,  in  a  general  manner,  the 
effects  of  the  nervous  action  on  the  animal 
economy;  in  other  words,  the  sensations,  the 
functions  of  the  mind,  and  their  deterioration 
or  privation. 

PERCEPTION,  Percep'tio.  The  sensation 
which  the  brain  has  of  an  impression  made  on 
an  organ  of  sense. 

PERCEPTIVITY.  Same  etymon.  The 
power  of  perception. 

PERCOLATIO,  Filtration,  (q.  v.; 

PERCOLATION,  from  percolare,  (per  and 
co lure,)  '  to  strain  through.'  The  term  perco- 
lation, or  displacement,  has  been  recently  ap- 
plied in  pharmacy  to  an  operation  which  con- 
sists in  placing  any  substance,  the  virtues  of 
which  have  to  be  extracted  by  a  menstruum, on 
a  funnel,  having  a  septum  perforated  with 
holes,  or  its  tube  stuffed  with  cotton  or  tow,  and 
pouring  fresh  portions  of  the  menstruum  upon 
it  until  all  its  virtues  have  been  extracted.  The 
operation  is  used  in  the  formation  of  certain  in- 
fusions, extracts,  tinctures,  &c. 

PERCUSSION,  AUSCULTATORY,  see 
Acouophonia. 

Percus'sion, Eplcrou'sis,  Percus'sio,  from  per- 
cutere,  {per,  and  quatere,)  '  to  strike.'  When 
immediate  or  direct  percussion  is  made  on  the 
chest  or  abdomen,  the  more  or  less  perfect  reso- 
nance is  an  index  of  the  state  of  the  contained 
organs;  and  the  physician  is  thus  aided  in  his 
diagnosis.  For  this  purpose  the  chest  may  be 
struck  with  the  fingers,  gathered  into  a  bun- 
dle, and  their  tips  placed  upon  a  level.  It  is 
better,  however,  to  employ  Mediate  percussion, 
which  consists  in  interposing,  between  the  point 
of  the  fingers  and  the  chest,  the  finger  of  the 
other  hand,  or  a  Plexim'eler,  (q,  v.)  and  striking 
this  instead  of  the  naked  chest. 

PERCUTEUR  COURBE  A  MARTEAU, 
(F.)  An  instrument  used  by  Baron  Heurteloup 
in  the  operation  of  lithotomy,  in  which  a  ham- 
mer is  employed  instead  of  a  screw,  to  force 
together  the  blades  of  the  instrument  on  the 
foreign  body. 

PERDO'NIUM.  A  medicated  wine  of  herbs. 
— Paracelsus. 

PER'FORANS,  from  perfarare,  (per,  and 
forare,)  'to  bore  through.'  A  name  given  to 
different  muscles,  whose  tendons  pass  through 
intervals  between  the  fibres  or  tendons  of  other 
muscles;  thence  called  perforated.  See  Flexor 
Lonirus  Digitorum,  &c.  Under  the  name  Pcr'- 
forating  At' levies,  are  included,  1.  In  the  hand 
—arterial  branches,  given  off  by  the  profound 
palmar  arch,  which  traverse  the  muscle  and 


interosseous  spaces.  2.  In  the  thigh— Wired  or 
four  arteries,  furnished  by  the  profunda,  which 
pass  through  the  openings  of  the  abductor  mag- 
nus.  3.  In  the  foot — the  anterior  and  superior 
branches  of  the  plantar  arch. 

Perforans  Casserii,  see  Cutaneous  —  p. 
Man  us,  Flexor  profundus  perforans — p.  Pro- 
fundus, Flexor  longus  digitorum  pedis  profun- 
dus perforans. 

PERFORATIO  INTESTINORUM,  Entero- 
brosis — p.  Ventriculi,  Gastrobrosis. 

PERFORATION,  Perfora'tio,  Anatre'sis, 
from  perforate,  'to  pierce.'  An  accidental 
opening  in  the  continuity  of  organs,  either  from 
an  external  or  internal  cause. 

Perforation,  Paracentesis — p.  de  I'Estomac, 
Gastrobrosis — p,  des  Intestins,  Enterobrosis — p. 
Uteri,  Uterus,  rupture  of  the. 

PERFORATOR,  (F.)  Perec-crane.  An  in- 
strument for  opening  the  head  of  the  fcetus  in 
utero,  when  it  is  necessary  to  diminish,  its  size. 
The  operation  is  called  Ccphalolom'ia. 

PERFORA'TUS.  That  which  is  pierced. 
Anatomists  have  given  this  name  to  muscles, 
whose  fibres  or  tendons  separate,  to  suffer  other 
parts  to  pass  through  them.  Sucli  are  the  Flexor 
brevis  digitorum  pedis,  (q.  v.)  F.  sublimis  per- 
forates, and  Coraco-brachialis.  (q.  v.) 

Perforates  Casserii,  Coraco -brachialis. 
PERFRIC'TIO,  Catapsyx'is,  Peripsyx' is .  from 
perfrigere,  (per,  and  frigtre,)  '  to   shiver  with 
cold.'     Considerable  refrigeration.    Greatsense 
of  cold  : — shivering. 

PERFRIGERATIO,  see  Rigor. 
PERFUSIO,  Fomentation. 
PERI,  mgi, '  about,  on  all  sides,  round  about.' 
An  augmentative  prefix.     Hence: 

PERIiE'RESIS,    from    tt^,,    'about,'    and 
atgzw,  'I  take  away.'      A  sort  of  circular  in- 
cision, which  the  ancients  made  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood of  large  abscesses.     The  peria^resis  is 
now  only  practised  in  some  cases  of  tumours. 
PERIAMMA.  Amuletuin. 
PERIAPTON,  Amuletum. 
PER1BLEMA,  Catablema. 
PERlBLEf'SlS,  from  jrsgt,  'around,'  and 
/Mstco,  '1  look.'     The  wild  look  that  accompa- 
nies delirium.— Foesius. 

PERIR'OLE,  from  7ri£t(3alxx,  'I  surround.' 
The  dress  of  a  person.  Also,  the  translation  of 
morbific  matters  towards  the  surface  of  the  body. 
P  EHIBRO'SIS,  Pcricra'sis,  from  7r£gi|9gaw*Wj 
(moi,  and  ^uic-Kto,  '  I  eat,')  '  I  eat  around.'  Ul- 
ceration or  erosion  at  the  coiners  of  the  eye- 
lids. 

PERICARDIAC,  Pericardial,  Pericardii- 
acus;  same  etymon  as  the  next.  Relating  to 
the  pericardium,  —  as  ' pericardial  murmur,' 
'■pericardial  effusion,'  &c.  &c. 

PERICARDI'TIS,  from  ntgixa^diov, '  the  pe- 
ricardium,' and  itis,  denoting  inflammation. 
liiJhimmu'tUi  Pericardii,  Phuri'lis  pericardii, 
Infarnma'tion  of  the  pericardium,  (F.)  Pericar* 
ditc,  Inflammation  du  Fe'ricardc.  This  is,  pro- 
bably, the  proper  appellation  for  most  of  those 
cases  which  have  received  the  name  of  CardiMs, 
Cardipcricardi'tis.  Along  with  signs  of  pyrex- 
ia, the  local  symptoms  resemble  those  of  pneu- 
monia. Such  as  point  out  that  the  pericardium 
is  the  seat  of  disease  are  the  following:  —  pain, 
referred  to  the  region  of  the  heart,  or  serobieu- 
lus  cordis, — sometimes  pungent,  at  others,  dull 
and  heavy:  palpitation, accompanied  with  spas- 


PERICARDIUM 


565 


PERINYCTIDES 


modic  twitchings  in  the  neighbourhood  of  the 
heart,  shooting  up  to  the  left  shoulder;  pulsa- 
tion, and  sometimes  soreness  of  the  carotids, 
with  tinnitus  aurium  and  vertigo:  the  breath- 
ing is  by  catches:  dyspnoea  considerable  :  pulse 
jarring,  jerking,  peculiar:  the  tongue  white, 
covered  with  a  mucous  coat,  and  the  skin  often 
bathed  in  sweat,  as  in  acute  rheumatism.     The 

fthysical  signs  during  the  first  period,  are  as  fol- 
ows.  The  action  of  the  heart  is  generally  evi- 
dent to  the  eye,  and  may  be  felt  by  the  hand. 
There  is  soreness  to  the  touch,  over  the  inter- 
costal spaces,  and  over  a  small  surface  in  the 
epigastric  region,  when  the  pressure  is  directed 
upwards,  towards  the  pericardium.  Percussion 
is  usually  natural,  but  at  times  there  is  dulness. 
On  auscultation,  the  cardiac  movements  are 
found  to  be  frequent,  abrupt,  jerking,  and  tu- 
multuous; often  irregular  and  intermittent. 
The  pulse  presents  corresponding  characters. 
When  effusion  of  lymph  has  occurred,  percus- 
sion may  be  negative,  or  be  but  slightly  affect- 
ed. On  auscultation,  in  addition  to  the  prece- 
ding signs,  there  may  be  one  or  more  of  the 
rubbing  or  friction  bruits  (q.  v.)  resembling  the 
rustling  of  parchment,  or  of  a  sawing  or  rasp- 
ing character.  In  some  cases,  the  sound  is  like 
the  creaking  of  new  leather.  This  has  been 
supposed  to  be  pathognomonic  of  effused  lymph. 
The  most  important  point  in  the  pathology  of 
pericarditis  is  its  connexion  with  acute  rheu- 
matism ;  and  it  forms  one  of  the  most  dangerous 
occurrences  in  the  latter  disease.  It  may  be  acute 
or  chronic:  in  either  case,  it  is,  of  course,  formi- 
dable. The  most  active  depletion  must  be  used ; 
with  larcre  doses  of  opium,  counter-irritants, 
and  all  the  means  required  in  the  most  violent 
internal  inflammations. 

PERICAR'DIUM,  Pcricur'dion,  Memhrana 
Cor  circumflex1 a,  Involu'crum  seu  A)Jcu\a  seu 
Capsa  seu  Cap'sula  seu  Cam' era  seu  Indumen'- 
tum  seu  Pannic'ulus  seu  Membra'na  seu  Theca 
seu  Sac'culus  seu  Scrotum  seu  Area  Cordis, 
Sac  or  Capsule  of  the  Heart,  (F.)  Pericurde,- 
from  7ii$t,  'around,'  and  xagSia,  'the  heart.' 
The  pericardium  is  a  membranous  sac,  which 
envelops  the  heart,  and  the  arterial  and  ve- 
nous trunks  that  pass  from  or  into  it.  It  is 
seated  in  the  separation  of  the  mediastinum, 
above  the  central  aponeurosis  of  the  diaphragm, 
to  which  it  strongly  adheres.  Its  shape  is  trian- 
gular, like  that  of  the  heart;  to  which  it  is  fitted. 
The  pericardium  is  composed  of  two  mem- 
branes:— the  one — external — fibrous;  the  other 
—internal—  serous.  The  latter,  having  lined 
the  inner  surface  of  the  external  layer,  is  re- 
flected over  the  heart,  and  covers  it  entirely; 
without,  however,  having  the  heart  within  it; 
in  which  arrangement  it  resembles  other  serous 
membranes.  The  pericardium  envelops  the 
heart;  retains  it  in  position,  and  facilitates  its 
movements  by  means  of  the  serous  fluid,  Li- 
quor seu  Aqua  seu  Humor  seu  Lympha  Pericar- 
dii, Hydro  car' dia,  which  it  contains  in  greater 
or  less  quantity. 

PERICARPIUM,  Epicarpium. 

PERIOHOiN'DRIUM,  from  vte.i,  'around,' 
and  yor^oc,  'a  cartilage.'  A  membrane  of  a 
fibrous  nature,  which  covers  cartilages  that  are 
non-articular,  and  bears  considerable  analogy 
to  the  periosteum  in  organization  and  uses. 

PERICHRIS1S,  Oircumlitio,  Liniment. 

PERICHRISTON,  Oircumlitio,  Liniment. 


PERIC'LASIS,  from  ttiqi,  'about,'  and  y.Xaa, 
'I  break.'  A  comminuted  fracture,  with  de- 
nudation of  the  bone.     Galen,  Foesius. 

PERIOLIMENUM,  Lonicera  periclymenum. 

PERIONE'MIA,  from  ttiqi,  'about,'  and 
xijjjKj?,  'the  leg.'  The  parts  surrounding  the 
tibia; — the  tibia  itself. 

PERICRA'NIUM,  Pericra'nion,  from  ^gr, 
'around,'  and  xoavtoy,  'the  cranium.'  The  pe- 
riosteum, which  covers  the  cranium  externally, 

PERICRASIS,  Peribrosis. 

PERIDES'MIC,  Perides' micus ;  from  tt^i, 
'around,'  and  dialog,  'a  ligament.'  Some  no- 
sologists  have  given  this  name  to  ischuria 
caused  by  a  ligature  round  the  penis  or  by 
stricture  of  the  urethra. 

PERIDIASTOLE,  see  Diastole. 

PERID'ROMUS,  from  n^i,  'about,'  and 
Sgo^og, '  a  course.'  The  extreme  circumference 
of  the  hairs  of  the  head. — Gorrseus. 

PERIESTICOS,  Salutary. 

PERIGLOTTIS^Epiglottic  gland:  see  Tongue. 

PERIG'RAPHE,  from  7ri£iypa<?<o,  («•*<>«,  and 
YZctQu),  'I  write,')  'I  circumscribe.'  The  apo- 
neurotic intersections  of  the  rectus  abdominis 
are  so  called. — Vesnlius. 

PERILYMPH,  Cotunnius,  liquor  of. 

PERIMYSIUM,  Fascia,  (q.  v.)  from  ir^t, 
'around,'  and  f/.u;,  'a  mi  S'le.'  The  cellular 
membrane  that  surrounds  a  muscle,  or  its  fas- 
ciculi. The  sheath  of  the  whole  muscle  is 
termed  Perimysium  externum,-  of  the  fasciculi 
Perimysium  internum. 

PERIN,  tti^iv,  from  ntigu,  'a  sac  or  pouch.' 
With  some,  this  means  the  scrotum  (q.  v.); 
with  others,  the  testicle;  with  others,  the  peri- 
neum; and  with  others,  the  anus. 

PERINEOCELE,  from  s-egivaiov,  'the  pe- 
rinoeum,'  and  y.t^rj,  'rupture.'  Hernia  in  the 
perineum. 

PERIN/E'UM,  lntcrfemin'cum,  Perine'um, 
Gressu'ra,  Pkchrrs,  Am'pliiplex,  Peche'deon,  Me- 
sos'celon.  Perine'on,  Perinx'os,  Perine'os,  Orrhos, 
Tramis,  Tauros,  Intcrforamine'um,  Cochone,  Pli- 
chos,  Mesomerion,  Famen,  Regio  Perinai,  (F.) 
Perince.  The  space  at  the  inferior  region  of 
the  trunk,  between  the  ischialic  tuberosities, 
anus,  and  genital  organs.  It  is  smaller  in  the 
female  than  in  the  male;  has  a  triangular  shape; 
and  is  divided  into  two  equal  parts  by  a  median 
line,  called  Raphe.  It  is  occasionally  ruptured 
in  labour.  The  part  between  the  pudendum 
and  anus  is  sometimes  called  ante'rior  peri- 
nac'um,  to  distinguish  it  from  the  part  which 
extends  from  the  anus  to  the  coccyx,  called 
poste'rior  perineum. 

PERINEUS,  Perineal. 

PERINE'AL,  Perinxfus,  Perinea'lis.  That 
which  relates  or  belongs  to  the  perineum;  as 
Perineal  artery,  Hernia,  &c. 

Perineal  Ischuria,  Ischu'ria  Perinea'lis.  A 
name  given  by  Sauvages  to  retention  of  urine, 
caused  by  a  tumour  seated  in  the  perinaeum. 

PllRlME,  Perinajum. 

PERLNEPHRI'TIS,  (F.)  Phlegmon  perine- 
phrttique,  from  thqi,  'around,'  vuppoc, '  kidney,' 
and  his,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation 
of  the  external  cellular  and  fibrous  membranes 
of  the  kidney,  or  of  their  investing  adipose  cel- 
lular tissue. — Rayer. 

PERINEURION,  Neurilemma. 

PERINYCTIDES,  tiiqi,  and   vv%,  'night.' 


PERIOD 


566 


PERISTERNA 


An  eruption,  appearing  at  night  and  disappear- 
ing by  day. — Erotian. 

PERIOD,  Feriodus,  Periodei'a,  Periodeu'sis, 
Circu'itus,  from  mot,  'about,'  and  oSog,  '  way.' 
Circuit.  Periods  are  the  different  phases  or 
revolutions  of  a  disease.  The  epochs,  which 
are  distinguishable  in  the  course  of  a  disease. 
Three  periods  are  commonly  enumerated.  1. 
The  augmentation,  increase,  or  progress,  (Incre- 
men'lum;)  2.  The  acme  or  height,  (F.j  Etat 
(Status,-)  and,  3.  The  decline  (Decrementum) 
Some  authors  reckon  only  the  invasion  and  ter- 
mination. 

Period  is  sometimes  used  in  describing  an 
intermittent,  for  the  time  between  the  com- 
mencement of  a  paroxysm  and  that  of  the  next, 
including  the  fit  as  well  as  interval. 

Periods,  Monthly,  Menses. 

PERIODEIA,  Period. 

PERIODEUS1S,  Period. 

PERIODEUTES,  Charlatan. 

PERIODICITY,  Periodic"itas;  same  ety- 
mon. The  aptitude  of  certain  physiological 
and  pathological  phenomena,  in  health  or  dis- 
ease, to  recur  at  particular  periods,  after  longer 
or  shorter  intervals,  during  which  intervals  they 
cease  .completely.  Diseases,  thus  recurring, 
are  called  Periodicals. 

PERIODONTITIS,  (P.)  Periodontite,  In- 
flammation de  la  Membrane  alccolo-dentaire, 
from  neoi, '  about,'  and  odovg, '  a  tooth.'  Inflam- 
mation of  the  membrane  that  lines  the  socket 
of  a  tooth. 

Periodontitis  Gingivarom,  Ulitis. 

PERIODYN'IA,  from  v-toi,  and  odvrrj,  'pain.' 
A  circumscribed  and  acute  pain. — Hippocrates. 

PtiRIOJVE,  Decidua. 

PERIPLOCAINDICA,HemidesmusIndicus. 

PERIOR'BITA,  from  ttiqi,  'around,'  and  or- 
bita, '  the  orbit.'  An  appellation  used,  by  some, 
for  the  periosteum  lining  the  orbit,  which  is  a 
continuation  of  the  dura  mater.  The  inflamma- 
tion of  this  periosteum  is  termed  Periorbi'tis  or 
Periorbita  lis. 

PERIORBITA,  see  Periorbita. 

PERIORBITITIS,  see  Periorbita. 

PERIOSTEITIS,  Periostitis. 

PERIOS'TEUM,    Perios'teon,    Periosteos, 


periosteum  is  a  fibrous,  white,  resisting  medium 
which  surrounds  the  bones  every  where,  ex- 
cept the  teeth  at  their  coronae,  and  the  parts  of 
other  bones  that  are  covered  with  cartilage. 
The  external  surface  is  united,  in  a  more  or  less 
intimate  manner,  to  the  neighbouring  parts  by 
cellular  tissue.  Its  inner  surface  covers  the 
b,one,  whose  depressions  it  accurately  follows. 
It  is  united  to  the  bone  by  small,  fibrous  pro- 
longations; and,  especially,  by  a  prodigious 
quantity  of  vessels,  which  penetrate  their  sub- 
stance. The  periosteum  unites  the  bones  to 
the  neighbouring  parts.  It  assists  in  their 
growth,  either  by  furnishing,  at  its  inner  sur- 
face, as  M.  Beclard  demonstrated,  an  albumi- 
nous exudation,  which  becomes  cartilaginous, 
and  at  length  ossifies; — or  by  supporting  the 
vessels,  which  penetrate  them  to  carry  the  ma- 
terials of  their  nutrition.  See  Medullary  mem- 
brane. 

Periosteum  Internum,  Medullary  mem- 
brane. 


PERIOSTITIS,  Periostci'tis,  from  Periosteum, 
and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation 
of  the  periosteum.  * 

PERIOSTO'SIS.  Tumour  of  the  periosteum. 
Tumours  are  so  called  which  are  developed  on 
bones,  and  formed  by  their  outer  membrane. 
These  tumours  are  more  rapidly  developed, 
have  a  less  degree  of  consistence,  and  sooner 
disperse  than  exostoses,  which  they  resemble 
greatly. 

PERIPHERAL  VASCULAR  SYSTEM,  Ca- 
pillary system. 

PE'RIPHIMOSIS,  Paraphimosis. 

PER1PLEUMONIA,  Peripneumonia. 

PERIP'LYSIS,  from  sregt,  and  vlvaiq,  <  the 
act  of  washing.'  Proflu'vium.  A  copious  dis- 
charge from  any  part,  especially  from  the  bow- 
els. 

PERIPNEUMONIA,  Peripleumo'nia,  True 
peripneumony,  from  ir-sot,'  around,'  and  nvevfiiov, 
'the  lung.'  Inflammation  of  the  substance  of 
the  lungs. — See  Pneumonia. 

Peripneumonia  Bilio'sa,  Inflammation  of 
the  lungs,  accompanied  with  bilious  fever. 

Peripneumonia  Catarrhalis,  P.  nolha — p. 
Pituitosa,  P.  notha. 

Peripneumonia  Catarrha'lis.  Bronchitis 
or  pulmonary  catarrh,  with  pain  in  some  part 
of  the  chest. 

Peripneumonia  Notha,  P.  spu'ria,  P.  pitui- 
to'sa,  P.  catarrha'lis,  Bknnoiho'rax,  Obstruc'lio 
pulmo'nvm  pituito'safebri' lis,  Bronchi' lis  asthen'- 
ica,  False  or  Bastard  Peripneu'mony,  (F.)  Peri- 
pneumonie  batarde  ou  fausse.  An  inexact  name, 
under  which  some  affections  are  comprised  that 
resemble  pneumonia;  and,  especially  chronic 
bronchitis  with  pleurodynia. — See  Bronchitis 
(chronic.) 

PERIPNEUMONY,  BASTARD,  Peripneu- 
monia notha. 

Latent  Peripneumony  is  that  whose  symp- 
toms are  so  obscure  as  to  be  recognised  with 
difficulty. 

PERIPSYXIS,  Catapsyxis,  Perfrictio. 

PERIPYE'MA,  from  ntQi,  <>about,'  and  nvav, 
'pus.'  Suppuration  around  an  organ; — a  tooth, 
for  example. 

PERIRRHOE'A,  from  ntgi, '  about/  and  <>ew, 
'I  flow.'  Afflux  of  fluids  from  every  point  of 
the  body  towards  an  organ  which  has  to  remove 
them  from  the  economy.     Also,  Enuresis,  (q.  v.) 

PERISCEL1S,  Jarreliere. 

PERISCYPHISMUS,  Periscythismus. 

PERISCYTHIS'MUS,  Periscy'thisis,  Perys- 
cytis'mus.  Periscy'tms,  Periscyphismus,  Scalp- 
ing,  from  nt^t, '  around,'  and  .2>i>5>;s,  '  a  Scy- 
thian,' i.  e.  'scalping  after  the  manner  of  the 
Scythians.'  An  operation  described  by  Paulas 
of  iEgina.  It  consisted  of  an  incision  made 
around  the  cranium,  and  was  employed  in  habi- 
tual weakness  of  the  eyes,  pains  of  the  head,  &c. 

PERISPHAL'SIS,  Circumduc'tio,hom  mpi, 
'about,'  and  o-tpaUlm,  '1  move.'  A  circular  mo- 
tion impressed  on  a  luxated  bone,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  reducing  it. 

PERISSODACTYLUS,  Polydactylus. 

PERISTALTIC  ACTION,  Peristole. 

PERISTAPHYLINUS  EXTERNUS,  Cir- 
cumflexus  musculus — p. Inferior, Circumflexus 
musculus — p.  Internus,  Levator  palati. 

PERISTERIUM,  Verbena  officinalis. 

PERISTER'NA,  from  ntgi,  'about,'  and 


PERISTOLE 


567 


PEROMELIA 


rrtqvov/ihe  sternum.'     The  lateral  parts  of  the 
chest. 

PERIS'TOLE,  Motus  Peristal' ticus,  M.  com- 
presso'rius  seu  verrnicula'ris  seu  testudineus, 
from  nsQi,  'around,'  and  <rje/lHu),  'I  contract,'  'I 
close.'  The  peristaltic  action  of  the  intestines, 
Motus  peristal  ticus.  It  consists  of  a  kind  of 
undulation  or  vermicular  movement  in  appear- 
ance irregular,  but  in  which  the  circular  fibres 
of  the  muscular  membrane  of  the  intestine  con- 
tract successively,  from  above  downwards,  in 
proportion  as  the  chyme  advances  in  the  ali- 
mentary canal;  so  that, being  compressed  above, 
it  is  pushed  into  the  next  portion  of  the  intes- 
tine, whose  fibres  are  in  a  state  of  relaxation. 
When  the  fibres  contract  inversely,  they  occa- 
sion an  antiperistaltic  action.  The  peristaltic 
action  is  involuntary,  and  is  not  under  the  im- 
mediate influence  of  either  brain  or  spinal  mar- 
row.    It  continues  for  some  time  after  death. 

PERISTOMA,  Peristoma. 

PERISTRO'M  A ,  Peristoma,  Muscus  villa' sus, 
Crusta  membrana'cea,  Crusta  verrnicula'ris,  from 
Tiff t, 'around,' and  vepmvwfii,  'to  spread.'  The 
villous  or  mucous  coat  of  the  intestines. — Cas- 
telli. 

PERISYSTOLE,  from  nto,,  'about,'  and 
o-v<rrokt;,  'a  contraction.'  The  interval,  that 
exists  between  the  systole  and  diastole  of  the 
heart,  which  is  only  perceptible  in  the  dying. 
— Bartholine. 

PERITERION,  Trepan  perforatif. 

PER1TESTIS,  Albuo-inea. 

P£RITOTJVE,  Peritonaeum. 

PERITOME,  Circumcision. 

PERITONjERIX'IS,  Peritonseorexfis,  from 
ntoiroiaiov,  'the  peritonaeum,'  and  qyjyvvw,  'I 
break.'  Hernia  formed  by  the  rupture  of  the 
peritonaeum. 

PERITONEUM,  Peritone'um,  Peritonm'on, 
Peritonei' on,  Perilonse'os,  Peritoni'on,  Peritoneos, 
Velamen'tum  abdomina'le,  Tu'nica  prseten'sa  seu 
Operimen' 'turn pneiensum  seu  Membra1 na  abdom'- 
inis,  Zepltach,  Ziphuc,  (F.)  Piritoine,  from  ntqi, 
'around,'  and  rsivw,  'I  stretch.'  A  serous  mem- 
brane, ~which  lines  the  abdominal  cavity;  ex- 
tends over  the  greater  part  of  the  organs  con- 
tained there;  envelops  them  wholly  or  in  part, 
and  maintains  their  respective  relations  by 
means  of  different  prolongations  and  ligament- 
ous folds: — the  mesentery,  epiploon,  mesocolon, 
&c.  (q.  v.)  Like  all  the  serous  membranes,  the 
peritoneum  is  a  sort  of  sac  without  aperture, 
which  covers  the  abdominal  organs,  without 
containing  them  within  it,  and  the  internal  sur- 
face of  which  is  smooth,  and  lubricated  by  a 
serous  fluid.  In  the  male  foetus,  the  peritonaeum 
furnishes  a  prolongation,  which  accompanies 
the  testicle  at  the  time  of  its  descent,  and,  in 
the  female  foetus,  forms  the  Canul  of  Kuck, 
(q.  v.)  Below  the  neck  of  the  g;ill-bladder,  the 
peritonaeum  has  a  triangular  opening,  called  the 
Foramen  or  Hiatus  of  Winslow,  (q.  v.)  through 
which  it  proceeds  behind  the  stomach,  to  form 
a  sort  of  secondary  cavity,  called  the  posterior 
cavity  of  the  peritoneum,  (F.)  Arriere  cavite  p'e- 
ritoneale  ou  Cavite  des  Epiploons. 

PllRITOMl  TE,  Peritonitis— p.  Puerperale, 
see  Peritonitis-'. 

PERITONITIS,  Empres'ma  Peritonitis,  Pe- 
ritonxi 'tis,  Cauma  Peritonitis,  Inflamma'tio  Pe- 
ritonei, Phlegmasia  or  Inflammation  of  the  Pe- 
ritoneum, from  peritoneum,  and  itis,  denoting 


'inflammation.'  (F.)  Peritonlte,  Inflammation 
du  Peritoine.  The  characteristic  signs  of  acute 
inflammation  of  the  peritonaeum  are, — violent 
pain  in  the  abdomen,  increased  by  the  slightest 
pressure,  often  by  the  simple  weight  of  the  bed- 
clothes. It  generally  occurs  in  the  parturient 
state;  and  begins  on  the  second  or  third  day 
after  delivery.  At  times,  a  malignant  epidemic, 
and  perhaps  contagious,  variety  has  made  its 
appearance,  and' destroyed  numbers  of  females. 
This  has  been  described  under  the  name  Puer- 
peral Fever,  Metroperitoni' lis ,  Ene'cia  Syn'ochus 
Pucrpera'rum,  (F.)  Pcritonite  puerperale,  Metro- 
peritonite  puerperale,  Fievre  puerperale,  Typhus 
puerperal,  Erylhernat' ic  or  Nonplas'tic  Puerperal 
Peritonitis,  Typhohse'mic  Peritoni' lis,  Mynam! ic 
or  Malig'nant  Puer'peral  Fever,  Low  Fever  of 
Childbed.  It  is,  according  to  some,  a  malignant 
inflammation  of  the  peritoneum  and  uterus: 
according  to  others,  a  Uterine  Phlebitis.  In  any 
form  it  requires  the  most  active  treatment,  early 
employed.  The  appearances  on  dissection  are 
such  as  occur  whenever  a  serous  membrane  has 
been  inflamed,  and  such  inflammation  has  pro- 
duced death: — effusion  of  fluid  with  flakes  of 
coagulable  lymph  in  it;  appearances  of  vascu- 
larity, &c,  in  the  membrane.  The  treatment 
— in  active  peritonitis — must  consist  of  the  same 
course  as  recommended  under  Enteritis,  (q.  v.) 
In  the  chronic  kind,  symptoms  must  be  com- 
bated as  they  arise,  and  it  may  be  advisable  to 
excite  a  new  action  in  the  system  by  means  of 
mercury.  In  the  epidemic  and  malignant  va- 
riety, unless  bleeding  be  freely  employed  at  the 
very  outset,  it  does  harm.  If  used  early,  it  is 
of  the  most  decided  advantage.  Every  thing 
depends  upon  arresting  the  morbid  process  at 
the  outset. 

Peritonitis,  Erythematic,  see  Peritonitis 
— p.  Neoplastic,  see  Peritonitis — p.  Puerperal, 
see  Peritonitis — p.  Ty phohaemic,  see  Peritonitis. 

PERITTOMA,  Excrement. 

PERITYPHLITIS;  from  mot, 'around,' and 
typhlitis,  inflammation  of  the  caecum.  Inflam- 
mation of  the  cellular  substance  surrounding 
the  caecum.     See  Tvphloenteritis. 

PERIWINKLE,  LESSER,  Vinca  minor. 

PERIZO'MA,  from  ncQiLuvvv/m,  (ntoi,  and 
twvrvui,'  to  gird,')  'to  gird  around.'  A  bandage; 
a  girdle.     In  Fabricius  Hildanus,  a  truss. 

PER'KINISM.  A  therapeutical  means,  first 
employed  by  Dr.  Elisha  Perkins  of  Norwich, 
Connecticut,  towards  the  termination  of  the 
last  century,  and  named  after  him.  It  consisted 
in  drawing  over  affected  or  other  parts  the 
pointed  extremities  of  two  metallic  rods,  called 
Metallic  Tractors,  each  made  of  a  different  metal. 
The  success  obtained  was  througli  the  influ- 
ence of  the  imagination;  and,  consequently, 
as  a  remedial  agent,  it  ranks  as  high  as  animal 
magnetism  (q.  v.,)  but  no  higher.  The  opera- 
tion was,  also,  called  Tractor  a' tion. 

PERLA,  Pearl. 

PERLE,  Pearl. 

PERMOTIO,  Motion. 

PERMCIEUX,  Deleterious. 

PERMCIOSUS,  Deleterious. 

PERNIO,  Chilblain. 

PERODACTYLEUS,  Flexor  longus  digito- 
rum  pedis  profundus  perforans. 

PERODYNIA,  see  Cardialgia. 

PEROMELIA,  from  ntooc,  'wanting,'  and 
/aAoj,  'a  limb.'     Congenital   misconstruction, 


PERONP. 


508 


PERTUSSIS 


or  mutilation  of  the  limbs.  A  genus  in  the 
nosology  of  Good. 

PERON&,  Fibula— p.  col  du,  Collum  fibulae. 

PERONE'AL,  Peronx'us,  from  nsaovri,  'the 
fibula.'     Belonging  or  relating  to  the  fibula. 

Peroneal  Artery,  or  Fibular  A.,  arises  from 
the  popliteal,  and  is  situate  deeply  at  the  poste- 
rior and  outer  part  of  the  leg.  It  gives  oft' 
branches  of  little  importance.  Near  the  outer 
ankle,  it  divides  into  two  branches.  1.  The  pos- 
terior peroneal,  which  descends  behind  the 
lower  joint  of  the  fibula,  on  the  outer  surface 
of  the  calcaneum.  2.  The  anterior  peroneal, 
which  crosses  the  inferior  extremity  of  the  in- 
terosseous ligament,  to  be  distributed  on  the 
dorsal  surface  of  the  foot. 

Peroneal  Muscles  are  three  in  number.  1. 
Peronxus  Brevis,  P.  secundvs,  P.  anti'cus,  P. 
Me'dius,  Semi-jibulx'us,  Grand  pcroneo-sus-mita- 
tarsien,  Court  pironeo-luterul,  (F.)  Moyen  Pe- 
ronier.  A  muscle,  situate  beneath  the  peronseus 
longus.  It  is  attached,  above,  to  the  outer  sur- 
face of  the  fibula,  and  terminates,  below,  at  the 
posterior  extremity  of  ihe  5th  metatarsal  bone, 
after  having  been  reflected  beneath  the  malleo- 
lus externus.  It  extends  the  foot  upon  the  leg, 
at  the  same  titne  raising  a  little  the  outer  edge. 
It  may,  also,  act  upon  the  leg,  and  extend  it 
upon  the  foot.  2.  Peronxus  Longus,  Peronxus 
primus  sen  posti'cus,  P.  max'imus  seu  poste'- 
rior,  Tibi-peronco tarsicn,  Long  peronier  lateral, 
Peron6o-sous-tarsien  (Ch.,)  (F.)  Muscle  grand 
pironier^  This  muscle  is  situate  at  the  outer 
part  of  the  leg.  It  is  long,  thick,  and  tri- 
angular above;  thin,  narrow,  and  flat  below. 
It  is  attached,  above,  to  the  outer  edge  of  the 
upper  extremity  of  the  fibula,  and  to  the  upper 
third  of  the  outer  surface  of  that  bone.  Below, 
it  terminates  at  the  outer  part  of  the  posterior 
extremity  of  the  first  metatarsal  bone.  This 
muscle  extends  the  foot  on  the  leg,  turning  its 
point  outward,  and  raising  its  outer  edge.  It 
acts,  also,  upon  the  leg,  which  it  extends  on  the 
foot.  3.  Peronxus  Tertius,  Nonus  Vesa'lii,  Pi- 
ronier  untcrieur,  Petit  p&roneo-sus-mctatarsien 
(Ch.,)  (F.)  Petit  Peronier.  A  muscle,  situate  at 
the  anterior,  outer,  and  inferior  part  of  the  leg. 
It  is  long  and  flat,  and  is  attached,  above,  to  the 
inferior  third  of  the  anterior  margin  and  inner 
surface  of  the  fibula;  terminating,  below,  at  the 
posterior  extremity  of  the  5th  metatarsal  bone. 
This  muscle  bends  the  foot  on  the  leg,  by 
raising  its  outer  edge.  It  can,  also,  bend  the 
leg  on  the  foot. 

Peroneal  Vein  follows  the  same  course  as 
the  artery. 

PERONEO-LAT&RAL,  COURT,  Peronaeus 
brevis — p.  Phalanginien  du  gros  orteil,  Flexor 
longus  pollicis  pedis— p.  Sous-phalungettien  du 
pouce,  Flexor  longus  pollicis  pedis— p.  Sous- 
tarsien,  Peronceus  longus — p.  Sus-metutarsien, 
Peronceus  tertius — p.  Sus-tnclatarsien,  grand, 
Peronseus  brevis — p.  Sus-phalangeltien  du  pouce, 
Extensor  proprius  pollicis  pedis — p.  Tibi-sus- 
phalangcltien  commun,  Extensor  communis  di- 
gitorum  pedis — p.  Sus-pkulangien  du  pouce, 
Extensor  proprius  pollicis  pedis. 

PEROMER,  GRAND,  Peronaeus  longus— p. 
Lateral,  long,  Peronaeus  longus — p.  Moyen,  Pe- 
ronaeus brevis — p.  Petit,  Peronaeus  tertius. 

PEROSO'MUS;  from  nt^o;,  'mutilated,'  and 
<rwuu,  'body.'  A  monster,  whose  whole  body 
is  imperfectly  developed. — Gurlt. 


PEROSPLANCH'NICA,from  n wo?, « want- 
ing,'  and  cnXayyvov,  'a  viscus.'  Congenital 
misconstruction  of  the  viscera.  A  genus  in  the 
nosology  of  Good. 

PERPEND1CULUM  HEPATIS,  Suspcn- 
sory  ligament  of  the  liver. 

PERPERACU'TUS.  Extremely  acute.  An 
epithet  applied  to  very  violent  and  rapid  dis- 
eases. 

PERROSIN,  see  Pinus  abies. 

PERSIAN  FIRE,  Anthracion. 

PERSICAIRE  DOUCE,  Persicaria. 

PERSICAR1A,  Polygonum  Persicaria— p. 
Urens,  Polygonum  hydropiper. 

PERSIL,  Apium  petroselinum — p.  d'Jne, 
Chaerophyllum  sylvestre — p.  Faux,  iEthusa  cy- 
napiuin — p.de  Macedoine,  Bubon  Macedonicum 
— p.  de  Montague,  Athamanta  aureoselinum. 

PERSIMMON,  Diospyros  Virginiana. 

PEKSPIRA'TION,  Perspira'tio,  Transpira'- 
tio,  Diffla'tio,  Diap'nol,  Diapnce'a,  from  per, 
'through,'  and  spirare,  'to  breathe,  exhale.' 
The  insensible  transpiration  or  exhalation  con- 
tinually going  on  at  the  surface  of  the  skin  and 
membranes.  Sensible  perspiration  is  called 
sweat.  The  perspiratory  fluid  is  secreted  by  an 
appropriate  apparatus,  termed  by  Breschet  diap- 
nogenous,  or  sudorip' arous ,  Gland'ulx  sudorip'- 
arx,  Or'gana  sudorip'ara,  and  consisting  of  a 
secreting  parenchyma,  situate  in  the  true  skin, 
and  of  spiral  ducts,  which  open  obliquely  under 
the  scales  of  the  epidermis.  A  certain  portion 
of  the  perspired  fluid  is  thrown  off  by  ordinary 
physical  evaporation. 

The  Pulmonary  Exhalation  or  Transpiration 
is  that  which  takes  place  into  the  bronchia,  and 
is  sent  out  with  the  expired  air. 

PERSUDATIO,  Diapedesis. 

PERTE,  Metrorrhagia— p.  d'rfppctit,  Ano- 
rexia— p.  de  la  Memoire,  Amnesia — p.  de  I'Odo- 
rat,  Anosmia — p.  de  Sang,  Haemorrhagia — p.  de 
la  Voix,  Aphonia — p.  de  la  Vue,  Csecitas. 

FERTEREBRANT,  Perter'ebrans,-  from  per, 
'  through,'  and  terebrare,  'to  bore.'  The  French 
give  this  epithet  to  an  acute  pain — Douleur  iter- 
terebrante — which  occasions  a  sensation  like 
that  which  would  be  produced  by  an  instrument 
penetrating  and  lacerating  a  part; — the  pain 
from  whitlow,  for  example. 

FERTES  BLANCHES,  Leucorrhcea—  p.  de 
Sang,  Metrorrhagia — p.  Seminales,  Spermator- 
rhoea— p.  Ulcrines,  Metrorrhagia — /;.  Ulerincs 
rouges,  Metrorrhagia — p.  UUrines  blanches,  Leu- 
corrhoea. 

l,EllTURBA'TRlX,(Medici'na)Perturbating 
Treatment,  (F.)  Melhode  ou  Medecine  perturba- 
trice.  A  mode  of  treatment  in  which  very 
active  means  are  employed,  and  such  as  im- 
press upon  diseases  a  different  course  from  that 
natural  to  them.  It  is  the  antithesis  to  the 
Medicina  expectans.  Much  evil  has  resulted 
from  such  treatment,  especially  in  febrile  dis- 
eases. 

PERTUS'SIS,  from  per,  a  prefix  denoting 
excess,  and  tussis,  'cough.'  Tussis  fcri'na,  T. 
convulsi'va,  T.  pu'eros  strang'ulans,  T.  quinta, 
T.  stomacha'lis,  Pneusis  pertus'sis,  Amplumc- 
rina,  Orthopna'a  lussiculo'sa,  clango'sa,  snjf'o- 
cati'va,  clamo'sa,  spasmod'  ica,  Morbus  Cuon !  /us, 
Morbus  cuculta'ris,  Bechorthopnm'a,  Bex  convul- 
si'va, Bex  therio'des,  Hooping-cough,  'Whooping- 
cough,  Chin-cough,  Kin-cough,  Kind-cough, 
(Germ.   Kind,  *a  child,')  "(F.)    Coqucluchc. 


PERU 


569 


PETROLEUM 


Cnlarrhe  ou  Bronchite  convulsive,  Toux  convul- 
sive, T.  quinteuse,  T.  bkue.  A  violent  con- 
vulsive cough,  returning  by  fits,  (F.)  Quintcs, 
at  longer  or  shorter  intervals;  and  consisting 
of  several  expirations,  followed  by  a  sonorous 
inspiration  or  whoop.  The  fits  of  coughing  ge- 
nerally recur  more  frequently  during  the  night, 
morning,  and  evening,  than  in  the  day.  It  is 
esteemed  contagious,  and  attacks  the  young 
more  particularly.  It  is  rare  for  it  to  attack  an 
individual  for  the  second  time.  The  duration  is 
various,— six  or  eight  weeks  or  more.  Although 
the  paroxysms  are  very  violent,  it  is  not  a  dan- 
gerous disease.  It  may,  however,  give  rise  to 
other  affections, as  convulsions, pneumonia, &c, 
when  the  complication  is  very  dangerous,  as 
the  cause  cannot  be  removed.  Those  children 
suffer  the  least,  who  evacuate  the  contents  of 
the  stomach  during  the  fit.  In  the  treatment, 
all  that  can  be  done  is  to  palliate.  It  must  be 
borne  in  mind,  that  the  disease  will,  in  time, 
wear  itself  out.  If  there  be  much  tensive  pain 
of  the  head,  or  fever,  V.  S.  may  be  required,  but 
it  is  seldom  necessary.  Narcotics  occasionally 
afford  relief,  but  it  is  temporary.  Gentle  emetics, 
given  occasionally,  when  the  paroxysms  are 
long  and  dry,  give  decisive  relief,  and  aid  in 
the  expectoration  of  the  morbid  secretions.  Af- 
ter the  disease  has  continued  for  some  weeks, 
and  persists  in  part  from  habit,  change  of  air  is 
essential,  and  this,  even  should  the  change  be 
to  an  atmosphere  that  is  less  pure. 

PERU,  see  Lima. 

EERVEJYCHE,  Vinca  minor. 

PERVER'SION,  from  per,  and  verlere,  'to 
turn.'  Dias'tropliS,  Diastrem'ma.  One  of  the 
four  modifications  of  function  in  disease:  the 
three  others  being  augmentation,  diminution, 
and  abolition.  The  humorists  used  this  term 
also  to  designate  disorder  or  morbid  change  in 
the  fluids. 

PERVERSION  BE  LA  TETE  DES  OS  ET 
DES  MUSCLES,  Loxarthrus. 

PERVIGILIUM,  Insomnia,  Coma  vigil. 

PES,  nous,  (F.)  Pied, '  the  foot.'  The  inferior 
extremity  of  the  abdominal  member,  represent- 
ing a  bony  arch,  an  elastic  vault,  which  trans- 
mits the  weight  of  the  body  to  the  ground.  It 
is  divided  into  three  parts; — the  tarsus,  metatar- 
sus, and  toes,  (q.  v.) 

Pes  Alexandiunus,  Anthemis  pyrethrum — 
p.  Cati,  Antennaria  Dioica — p.  Equinus,  see 
Kyllosis — p.  Leonis,  Alchemilla. 

P£SAJYTEUR,  Weight— p.  Specifigue,  Gra- 
vity,  specific. 

PkSE- LIQUEUR,  Areometer. 

PES'SARY,  Pessa'rium,  from  vtno-og,  'a 
small  stone.'  Pessvs,  Pes'sulus,  Supposito'rium 
utcri'mim.  A  solid  instrument,  composed  of 
cork,  ivory, or  elastic  gum,  which  is  introduced 
into  the  vagina  to  support  the  uterus,  in  cases 
of  prolapsus  or  relaxation  of  that  organ;  to 
keep  vaginal  hernia  reduced,  &c.  The  ancients 
made  use  of  medicated  pessaries,  which  they 
distinguished  into  emollient,  astringent,  aperi- 
ent, <&c.  The  form  of  pessaries  is  very  vari- 
able;— round,  oval,  &c  ,  according  to  circum- 
stances. 

Pessary,,  Egyptian,  ^Egyptius  pessus. 

PESSULUS,  Pessary,  Penis. 

PESSUS,  Pessary. 

PEST,  Plngue. 

PESTE,  Plague. 
37 


PESTILENCE,  CHOLERIC,  Cholera,  Spas- 
modic— p.  Haemogastric,  Fever,  Yellow. 

PESTILENT- WORT,  Tussilago  petasites. 

PESTILENTIA,  Plague. 

PESTILEN'TIAL,  Pestilenlia'lis,  from  pestis, 
'a  pest.'  Relating  to  the  plague.  Pestilential 
diseases  are  those  that  bear  some  resemblance 
to  the  plague,  in  respect  to  mode  of  propaga- 
tion, symptoms,  danger,  &c. 

PESTIS,  Plague— p.  Britannica,  Sudor  An- 
glicus — p.  Contagiosa,  Plague — p.  Occidentalis, 
Fever,  yellow — p.  Orientalis,  Plague — p.  Vario- 
losa, Variola. 

PET,  Fart. 

PETASITES,  Tussilago  petasites. 

PETAURUM.  A  seat  suspended  by  ropes,  in 
which  a  person  taking  the  exercise  sat,  and  was 
tossed  about  by  assistants. — Juvenal  and  Martial. 

PETE'CHLE,  Petic'uh,  Punctic'ulce,  Por'- 
phyra  Grxco'rum.  Small  spots,  similar  in  shape 
and  colour  to  flea-bites,  which  occur  spontane- 
ously upon  the  skin,  in  the  course  of  severe 
fevers,  &c.  They  are,  under  such  circumstan- 
ces, signs  of  great  prostration. 

Petechia  sine  Febre,  Purpura  simplex. 

PETECHIAL  SCURVY,  Purpura  simplex. 

PETECHIANOSIS,  Purpura  hemorrhagica. 

PETICUL.E,  Petechias 

PET1GO,  Impetigo. 

PETIT  COURIER,  Influenza— p.  Lait,  Se- 
rum lactis — p.  Lait  d'Hoffman,  Serum  lactis 
Hoffmani — p. Mai,  see  Epilepsy — p.  Sus-maxillo- 
labial,  Levator  anguli  oris. 

PETITE  POSTE,  Influenza. 

PETROLEUM,  Petroleum. 

PETRJ3UM,  Solidago  virgaurea. 

PETRAPIUM,  Bubon  Macedonicum. 

PtiTREOLE,  Petrokeum. 

PtiTREUX,  (OS,)  see  Femoral  bone. 

PETRO  DEL  PORCO,  Bezoard  of  the  In- 
dian porcupine. 

PETRO-OCCIPTTAL,Pe«ro-M«>i7a7Zs.  Be- 
longing to  the  petrous  portion  of  the  temporal 
bone  and  to  the  occipital  bone. 

Petro-Occipitai.  Suture  is  formed  by  the 
junction  of  the  petrous  portion  of  the  temporal 
to  the  occipital  bone.  It  is  a  deep  groove  sepa- 
rating the  bones,  which  have  between  them  a 
thin  layer  of  cartilage. 

PETRO  SALPINGO- PHARYNGE'US.  A 
fleshy  fasciculus,  which  extends  from  the  sphe- 
noid bone,  from  the  petrous  portion  of  the  tem- 
poral bone,  and  from  the  Eustachian  tube  to  the 
upper  pnrt  of  the  pharynx.     See  Constrictor. 

PETRO-SALPINGO-STAPHYLINUS,Cir- 
cumflexus — p.  Salpingo-staphylinus,  Levator 
palati — p.  Slaphylin,  Levator  palati. 

PETRO-SPHENOl'DA  L,  Pctro-splienoidu'- 
lis.  Belonging  to  the  petrous  portion  of  the 
temporal  bone  and  to  the  sphenoid  bone. 

Petro-Sphenoidal  Suture; — a  name  given 
to  the  small  suture  which  is  formed  by  the  an- 
terior edge  of  the  petrous  portion  of  the  tempo- 
ral bone  and  the  posterior  edge  of  the  sphenoid. 

P/lTROLE,  Petroleum. 

PETRO'LEUM,  Petrola'um,  Petroleum, Petr<e 
oleum,  Bitu'men  Petroleum,  Pissel^'um  In'di- 
cum,  Rock  Oil,  Petroleum  Barbaden'se,  Barba- 
does  Tar,  (F.)  Petrole  ou  Petrcolc,  from  ntTgo;. 
'rock,'  and  s/*ior,  'oil.'  A  bituminous  sub- 
stance of  a  fetid  odour,  and  bitter,  acrid  taste. 
It  is  semi-liquid,  tenacious,  semi-transparent; 
of  a  reddish  brown  colour,  insoluble  in  water 


PETROLEUM  BARBADENSE 


170 


PHALANX 


and  alcohol;  combines  with  fixed  and  essential 
oils  and  sulphur;  and  is  partially  soluble  in 
ether.  The  petroleum,  found  at  Gabian,  near 
Beziers,  in  France,  has  been  called  Oleum 
Gabia'num,  (F.)  Huik  de  Gabian,  Petroleum 
ruhrum. 

Petroleum  Barbadense,  Petroleum. 

Petroleum  Sulphura'tum,  Bal'samum  Sul- 
phuris  Barbaden'  se. — Composed  of  petrol. Barbud. 
3xvj,  jlor.  Sulph.  §iv,  has  been  used  as  a  pec- 
toral; and  as  a  detergent  to  ulcers.  It  has  been 
accounted  antispasmodic  and  sudorific.  Dose, 
gtt.  x  to  xxx.  Externally,  it  is  used  as  a  stimu- 
lant and  discutient. 

PETROSEL1NUM.  Apium  petroselinum— 
p.  Macedonicum,  Bubon  Macedonicum. 

PETROSUM,  OS,  see  Temporal. 

PETROUS,  Petro'sus,  Petrosal,  from  ntroog, 
'a  stone.'  Resembling  stone;  having  the  hard- 
ness of  stone. 

Petrous  or  Petrosal  Ganglion, or  Ganglion 
of  Andcrsch,  is  formed  by  the  glossopharyn- 
geal nerve,  shortly  after  it  emerges  from  the 
jugular  fossa.  From  this  ganglion,  M.  Jacob- 
son  of  Copenhagen  traced  an  anastomosing 
loop  through  the  cavity  of  the  tympanum, 
which  left  branches  there,  and  was  thence  re- 
flected downwards  to  join  the  Vidian  nerve. 
See  Otic  ganglion.  This  has  been  called  the 
Nerve  of  Jacobson,  and  the  inosculation,  Jacob- 
son  s  Anastomosis. 

Petrous  or  Petrosal  Sinuses  are  two  ve- 
nous sinuses  of  the  dura  mater,  connected  with 
the  petrous  portions  of  the  temporal  bone,  and 
distinguished,  on  each  side,  into: — 1.  The  su- 
perior petrosal  sinus.  It  arises  from  the  caver- 
nous sinus;  follows  the  upper  edge  of  the  pe- 
trous portion  which  affords  it  a  gutter;  passes 
into  the  great  circumference  of  the  tentorium 
cerebelli,  and  opens  into  the  lateral  sinus  where 
the  latter  experiences  a  bend  near  the  base  of 
the  pars  petrosa.  Its  form  is  triangular.  2. 
The  inferior  petrosal  sinus  arises  from  the 
cavernous  sinus  at,  the  same  point  as  the  last, 
with  which  it  communicates  at  the  moment  of 
its  origin.  It  descends  between  the  inferior 
edge  of  the  pars  petrosa  and  the  basilary  pro- 
cess; and  terminates  in  the  lateral  sinus,  at  the 
sinus  or  gulf  of  the  internal  jugular  vein.  It 
is  triangular,  and  broader  at  its  extremities  than 
middle. 

PETUM,  Nicotiana  tabacum. 

PEUCE,  Pinus  sylvestris. 

PEUCED'ANUM  OFFICINA'LE,  Mar'a- 
thrum  sijlves'tre,  Marathrophyl'lum,  Pinaslel'- 
Jam,  Fmiidulum  porci'num,  Bonus  Genius,  lion's 
Fennel,  Sulphitrwort,  (F.)  Queue  de  Pourccau, 
Fenouil  de  Pore.  Family,  Umbelliferae.  Sex. 
Sijst.  Pentandria  Digynia.  The  root  has  a 
strong,  fetid  smell— somewhat  resembling  that 
of  sulphureous  solutions — and  an  acrid,  unc- 
tuous, bitterish  taste.  It  has  been  recommended 
as  antihysteric  and  nervine. 

Peucedanum  Silaus. — Saxif'raga  vulga'ris, 
S.  Jln'glica,  Hippomar' athrum,  Fanidulum  er- 
rat!icum,  English  or  Meadow  Sax'ifrage,  (F.) 
S6seli  des  pris.  The  roots,  leaves,  and  seeds 
have  been  recommended  as  aperients,  diuretics, 
and  carminatives.     Rarely  used. 

PEUPIJER  XOIR,  Populus. 

PEXIS,  Concretion. 

FEY'ERl  GLANDULE.  G.  Pcyeria'ncp, 
Pey'n-i  Plexus  glandulv'si,  Gland'ulx  muco'sse 


cvagmina'tse  sou  agmina'lm  seu  mucip'ara  raetr 
ma'tim  conges'tx  inteslino'rum,  G.  intestinal 'let 
seu  plexiform' es  seu  spuria,  Corpus' cula  g/an- 
dula'rum  simil'ia  seu  gland'ula  in  ugmen  con- 
grega'tx  intesiinorum,  Entcrade'nes,  Peyer's 
Glands.  Small  glands  or  follicles,  situate  be- 
neath the  villous  coat  of  the  intestines.  They 
are  clustered  together  and  are  extremely  nu- 
merous. They  occur  most  numerously  in  the 
lower  portion  of  the  ileum.  Their  structure 
and  functions  are  not  well  known. 

PEZA,  Triia.  Doric  and  Arcadian  for  Ttovg, 
'a  foot.'  The  foot:  according  to  some,  the  sole 
of  the  foot,-  and  to  others,  the  astragalus,  (q.  v.) 

PEZI'ZA  AURICULA,  Auricula  Judz,  Fun- 
gus sambu'einus,  Agar'icvs  Auric'ulx  found, 
Jew's  Ear.  This  fungus  is  said  to  be  astrin- 
gent; but  has  chiefly  been  used  as  a  gargle  in 
relaxed  3ore  throat. 

PFEFFERS  or  PFAFFERS,  MINERAL 
WATERS  OF.  Thermx  Piperi'nx,  Tk.  faba'- 
rix.  These  springs,  which  are  in  the  Swiss 
Alps,  are  simply  thermal:  temperature  100°  of 
Fahrenheit. 

PHACHYMENITIS,  Phacohymenitis. 

PHACI,  Ephelides. 

PHACI'TIS,  Phacoldei'tis,  from  (pax.o$,  'a. 
lens,'  and  ilis,  a  termination  denoting  inflam- 
mation. Capsi'lis,  Capsuli'tis,  Lcnti'tis.  In- 
flammation of  the  crystalline  lens. 

PHACOHYMENl'TIS,  Phakohymeni'tis, 
Phachymeni'lis,  Inflarnma'tio  cap'sulx  lentis; 
from  ifJ.-x.oq,  'a  lens,'  'vftrjv,  'a  membrane,'  and 
itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  of 
the  capsule  of  the  crj'stalline. 

PHACOIDEITIS,  Phacitis. 

PHACOS,  Ervum  lens. 

PHACOSCOTOMA,  Cataract. 

PHENOMENON,  Phenomenon. 

PHAGENA,  Boulimia. 

PHAGEDENA,  Boulimia— p.  Sloughing  of 
the  mouth,  Cancer  aquaticus — p.  Gangrenosa, 
Hospital  gangrene. 

PHAGEDENIC,  Phageda'nicus,  from  <j>*y», 
'I  eat.' 

Phagedenic  Ulcer,  Nome,  Phagedena,  Ul- 
cus depas'cens,  is  one  which  rapidly  eats  and 
corrodes  the  neighbouring  parts. 

In  Materia  Medica,  Phagedenic  is  a  substance 
used  for  destroying  fungous  granulations  in 
ulcers,  &c. 

PHAKOHYMENTTIS,  Phacohymenitis. 

PHALACROMA,  Calvities. 

PHALACROSIS,  Calvities. 

PHALACROTiS.  Alopecia. 

PH  ALAI A .  A  barbarous  term,  employed  by 
Basil  Valentine  to  designate  a  universal  medi- 
cine or  panacea. 

PHALANGES  DES  DOIGTS,  Phalanges 
of  the  fingers — p.  des  Orteils,  Phalanges  of  the 
toes. 

PHALANGETTIEJV.  Professor  Charier 
uses  this  term  for  any  thing  relating  to  the  third 
phalanx  of  the  fingers  or  toes. — PJtalangien,  for 
what  relates  to  the  first, — and  Phalanginien,\.o 
the  second. 

PHALANGO'SIS,  Hispid'itas,  from  yaUyt, 
'a  row  of  soldiers.'  An  affection  of  the  eye- 
lids in  which  the  lashes  are  arranged  in  two  or 
three  rows.  See  Trichiasis.  Also,  dropping  of 
the  upper  eyelid,  from  paralysis  of  the  levator 
palpebral  superioris  muscle. 

PHALANX,  same  etymon.     A  name  given 


PHALARIS  CANARIENSIS 


571 


PHARYNGEAL 


to  the  small  bones  which  form  the  ringers  and 
toes,  because  placed  along  side,  each  other  like 
a  phalanx.  They  are  distinguished  into  the 
Phalanges  of  the  fingers,  Ossa  seu  Ag'mina  seu 
Jlci'es  seu  Artiduli  seu  Scutk'ula  seu  Nodi  seu 
Intertu/dta  seu  Scytal'ldes  seu  Cm'dyli  Digitd- 
rum  Mtuius,  and  the  Phalanges  of  the  Toes*Ossa 
sett  ArticuH  seu  Intemo'dia  D'igito'rum  Pedis. 
1.  Phalanges  of  the  Fingers,  (F.)  Phalanges  des 
Doigts.  They  are,  in  each  hand,  14,— three  to 
each  finger,  and  two  to  the  thumb;  and  are 
situate  one  above  the  other.  They  are  distin- 
guished, numerically,  reckoning  from  the  base 
towards  the  tip  of  the  finger.  1.  The  first  or 
metacarpal,  (F.)  Premieres  phalanges  ou  Phalan- 
ges metacarpiennes.  2.  The  second  or  middle 
phalanges,  (F.)  Secondes  phalanges  ou  Phalan- 
ges moyennes,  Phalangites,  (Ch.)  3.  The  third 
phalanges,  Melacon'dyli,  Phalan'ges  vn'guium, 
(F.)  Troisibnes  phalanges  ou  Phalanges  tin- 
gaealcs,  nnguiferes,  unguinales,  Phalangetles 
(Ch.,)  which  terminate  each  finger,  and  sup- 
port the  nail.  II.  Phalanges  of  the  Toes  (F.) 
Phalanges  des  Orteils.  They  are  the  same  in 
number  as  those  of  the  fingers,  but  much 
smaller,  and  of  a  very  different  shape. 

The  phalanges  of  a  finger  or  toe  are  united 
with  each  other;  and  the  first  with  the  metacar- 
pal or  metatarsal  bone.  They  are  developed 
from  two  points  of  ossification;  one  for  the  supe- 
rior extremity,  and  the  other  for  the  body  and 
inferior  extremity. 

PHAL'ARIS  "CANARIEN'SIS,  Cultivated 
Cana'ry  Grass,  (F.)  Alpiste.  Family, Grammes. 
Sex.  Syst.  Triaridria  Digynia.  The  seed  of  this 
grass,  Canary  seed,  (F.)  Graines  d'aspic,  afford 
a  nourishing  meal.  The  ancients  recommend- 
ed them  for  allaying  pains  in  the  kidney  and 
bjadder. 

PHALLI'TIS;  Priapi'tis,  from  qaUoc,  'the 
male  organ,'  and  itis,  a  suffix  denoting  inflam- 
mation.    Inflammation  of  the  male  oroan. 

PHALLOCARCINO'MA,  from  <paUog,  'the 
male  organ,'  and  xu^xivw/ua,  'cancer.'  Carci- 
noma or  cancer  of  the  penis. 

PHALLODYN'IA;  from  <paXXog,  'the  male 
organ,'  and  oSvrtj,  'pain.'  Pain  in  the  male 
organ. 

PHALLORRHA'GIA,  from  <p*XXog,  'the  male 
organ,'  and  oriyrv/x.i,  'I  break  out.'    Hemorrhage 
from  the  male  urethra.     Stimatosis,  (q.  v.) 
PHALLORRHCEA,  Gonorrhoea. 
PHALLOSOPH'IA,  from  v«.Uog,  'the  male 
organ,'  and  1^090?,  'a  noise.'     Discharge  of  wind 
from  the  male  urethra. 
PHALLUS,  Penis. 

PHANEROGAMOUS,  Phanerogam' ic,  Phane- 
rogam'icus,  from  yavce,og,  'evident,'  and  ya/uog, 
'marriage.'  An  epithet  used  by  botanists  for 
plants  whose  sexual  organs  are  apparent.  It  is, 
consequently,  the  opposite  to  cryptogamous  (q.v.) 
PHANTASIA,  Imagination. 
PHANTASM,  Phanlas'ma,  from  <patratw,  'I 
make  appear.'  A  phantom,  false  appearance, 
apparition.  Hallucination,  (q.  v.)  Derangement 
of  the  sense  of  sight  or  of  the  intellectual  facul- 
ties, causing  objects  to  be  perceived,  which  are 
not  before  the  eyes. 

PHANTASMA,  Pseudoblepsia. 
PHANTOM,  Fantom. 
PHARMACEIA,  Poisoning. 
PHARMACEUM,  Apotheca. 
PHARMACEUTIC;  Pharmaceu'ticus,  from 


<pa$nuxov,  'a  medicine.'  An  epithet  for  every 
thing  belonging  to  Pharmacy.  Thus,  we  sav, 
Pharmaceutical  preparations,  &c. 

PHARMACHUTICE,  Pharmacy. 

PHARMACIES,  Apothecary. 

PHARMACOCATAGRAPHOLOG"IA. 
from  q>ae,ft*xav,  'a  medicine,'  kuxu,  'beneath.' 
YZa<pr„  'a  writing,'  and  Xoy.g,  'a  description.' 
The  art  of  writing  prescriptions. — J.  J.  Plenck 

PHARMACODYNAMICS,  from  w^^r , 
'a  medicine,'  and  Svictpig,  'power.'  A  division 
of  pharmacology,  which  considers  the  effects 
and  uses  of  medicines. 

PHARMACOGNO'SIA;  from  <pa^axov,  'a 
medicine,'  and  yivooxuy,  'I  know.'  A  division 
of  pharmacology,  which  treats  of  simples,  or  un- 
prepared medicines. 

PHARMACOLOGIA,  Materia  medica. 

PHARMACON,  Poison. 

PHARMACOPOEIA,  Pharmacopa-'a,  (F.) 
Pharmacopce,-  from  9««,«.*xov,  <a  medicine,'  and 
Troau),  '  I  make.''  A  work,  containing  a  collec- 
tion of  formula?  for  the  preparation,  &c,  of  me- 
dicines: generally  published  by  authority. 

PHARMACOPCEUS,  Apothecary. 

PHARMACOPOLA,  Apothecary. 

PHARMACOPOLE,  Apothecary. 

PHARMACOPOLI'UM,  JtpothJca,  Offici'na. 
The  shop  of  the  druggist  or  apothecary,  from 
9Kg,M«"or,  '  a  medicine,'  and  ■vmXta,  '  I  sell.' 

PHARMACOPOEIA,  from  9a^aKoy,  'a  me- 
dicine,' and  -roatg,  'a  portion.'  A  liquid  medi- 
cine, especially  one  that  is  cathartic. 

PHARMACO'SA  MEDICAMEN'TA,  from 
qetiuetxov,  'a  poison.'  Medicines  that  contain 
poisonous  substances. — Fallopius. 

PHARMACOTHE'CA,  9*gM«x^w>  from 
(pag^zxov,  'a  medicine,'  and  Titfjyu,  'I  place.' 
A  case  for  certain  medicines. 

PHARxMACUM,  Medicament,  Poison-p. 
^Egyptiacum,  JEgyptiacum— p.  Amatorium, 
Philter. 

Phar'macum  ad  Acres,  JEgyp'tiam  Medica- 
men' turn  ad  Jlurcs.  A  name  given  to  a  medi- 
cine, composed  of  bitter  almonds,  white  pepper, 
saffron,  myrrh,  opium,  frankincense,  castor' 
verjuice,  sulphate  of  iron,  vinegar,  pomegra- 
nate bark,  unguentum  nardinum,  &c.  It  was 
believed  to  be  useful  for  cleansing  fetid  ulcers 
in  the  ears. 

PHARMACY,  Pharmaci'a,  Pharmaceu'tice, 
from  (fagfAuxov,  'a  medicine.'  The  art  which 
teaches  the  knowledge,  choice,  preservation, 
preparation,  and  combination  of  medicines.  It 
was  formerly  divided  into  Galen'ical arid  Chym'- 
icul.  The  former,  called  after  Galen,  embraced 
the  operations  undertaken  on  medicines  with- 
out chymistry:— the  latter,  Chymical  Pharmacy 
or  Pharmaceutic  Chymistry,  Pharmacochym'ia, 
comprised  the  preparation  of  medicines,  found- 
ed on  the  chymical  action  of  their  principles 

PHARUS.  Pharynx. 

PHARYGATHRON,  Pharynx. 

PHARYNG^E'UM,  (SAL.J  from  pharynx. 
A  compound  of  cream  of  tartar,  nitrate  of  po- 
tassa,  burnt  alum,  and  distilled  vinegar.  It 
was  formerly  employed,  united  with  honey  and 
plantain  water,  to  make  gargles,  which  were 
advised  in  quinsy. 

PHARYJVG£,  Pharyngeal. 

PHARYNGEAL,  Pharynsx'us,  (F.)  Pha- 
rynge,  Pharyngien.     That  which  relates  to  the 


PHARYNGEAL  ARTERIES 


572 


PHARYNX 


pharynx.    A  name  given  to  the  muscles,  ves- 
sels, and  nerves  of  the  pharynx. 

Pharyngeal  Arteries.  These  are  two  in 
number.  The  one — superior  or  pterygo-pala- 
tlne,  Ramus  Pharyngwus  superior  of  Haller — 
arises  from  the  internal  maxillary  at  the  base 
of  the  zygomatic  fossa,  passes  through  the  pte- 
rygopalatine canal,  and  proceeds  to  be  distri- 
buted to  the  pharynx  and  the  corresponding  part 
of  the  Eustachian  tube.  The  other— the  infe- 
rior—  Pharyngxa  ascendens  of  Haller — arises 
from  the  external  carotid,  on  a  level  with  the 
facial.  It  ascends  along  the  lateral  and  poste- 
rior part  of  the  pharynx,  and  divides  into  two 
branches:  the  one— the  pharyngeal,  properly 
so  called— is  distributed  to  the  pharynx;  the 
other — the  meningeal — gives  its  branches  par- 
ticularly to  the  dura  mater. 

Pharyngeal  Nerve: — a  branch  sent  by  the 
pneumogastric  to  the  pharynx.  It  descends  be- 
hind the  internal  carotid;  communicates  with 
the  glosso-pharyngeal;  and  divides,  opposite 
the  middle  constrictor  of  the  pharynx,  into  a 
great  number  of  filaments,  which  anastomose, 
in  a  multitude  of  different  directions,  with  fila- 
ments of  the  glosso-pharyngeal  nerve,  of  the 
superior  laryngeal  branch,  and  of  the  first  cer- 
vical ganglion.  These  different  nervous  fila- 
ments united  constitute  the  pharyngeal  plexus, 
the  irregular  meshes  of  which  send  numerous 
ramifications  to  the  pharynx. 

Pharyngeal  Voice,  see  Voice. 

PHARYNGETHRON,  Pharynx. 

PHARYNGEURYSMA,  Pharyngocele. 

PHARYNGIEN,  Pharyngeal. 

PHARYNGITE,  Cynanche  pharyngea— p. 
Tonsillaire,  Cynanche  tonsillaris. 

PHARYNGITIS,  Cynanche  parotida>a. 

Pharyngi'tis,  Diphtherit'ic,  Angi'na  pseu- 
do-membrana'cea,  A.  membrana'cea,  A.  pellicula'- 
ris  (q.  v.),  A.  plots' tica,  A.  diphtheritica,  A.  malig'- 
na,  Pseudo-membranous  Inflammation  of  the 
Throat,  (F.)  Angine  couenneuse,  A.  gutturale 
couennevse,  A.  pseudo-membraneuse,  A.  plastique, 
A.  diphlhiritique.  Diphtheritic  Inflammation 
of  the  Pharynx. 

Pharyngi'tis,  Follicular.  Inflammation 
and  enlargement  of  the  follicles  of  the  pha- 
rynx, occasionally  extending  to  the  larynx. 
Sometimes  termed  Clergyman's  Sore-throat,  and 
Tubercles  of  the  Larynx  and  Fauces. 

PHARYNGOCE'LE,  Pharyngeurys'ma,  Di- 
vertic'ulum  seu  Hernia  seu  Prolap'sus  GEsoph'- 
agi  vel  pharyn'gis,  from  <paouy$,  'the  pharynx,' 
and  Y.r{kr\,  'a  tumour.'  An  enlargement  at  the 
upper  part  of  the  gullet,  in  which  the  food 
sometimes  rests  in  considerable  quantity. 

PHARYN  GO-GLOSSAL,  Glosso-pharyn- 
ge'al,  Pharyngo-glossia'nus.  That  which  be- 
longs to  the  pharynx  and  tongue. 

Pharyngo-Glossal  or  Glosso-Pharyngeal 
Nerve,  Lingua'lis  latera'lis,  {¥,.)  Nerf  Glosso- 
pharyngien,  Pharyngo-glossien  —  a  portion  of 
the  eighth  pair — arises  from  the  superior  and 
lateral  parts  of  the  spinal  marrow,  between  the 
facial  and  pneumogastric  nerves,  by  several  fila- 
ments, which  soon  unite  into  a  single  cord,  that 
passes  out  of  the  cranium  by  the  foramen  lace- 
rum  anterius;  goes  downwards  and  forwards, 
and  gains  the  posterior  and  inferior  part  of  the 
toncrue.  Immediately  after  its  exit  from  the 
cranium,  it  gives  a  branch  to  the  meatus  audi- 
torius  externus,  and  receives  a  filament  from 


the  facial,  and  another  from  the  pneumogastric 
nerve.  It  then  furnishes  two  other  filaments, 
which  descend  upon  the  carotid  artery,  and 
unite  at  the  bottom  of  the  neck  with  branches 
from  the  cervical  ganglions  and  cardiac  nerves, 
and  give  two  filaments  to  the  stylo-pharyngeus 
muscle.  The  glosso-pharyngeus,  after  sending 
a  twig  or  two  to  the  tonsil,  to  the  upper  part  of 
the  pharynx  and  membrane  of  the  epiglottis, 
divides  into  many  branches,  which  run  partly 
to  the  margin,  and  partly  to  the  middle  of  the 
root  of  the  tongue;  supplying,  especially,  the 
papillae  majores,  and  the  parts  in  their  neigh- 
bourhood. 

By  some,  this  nerve  is  regarded  as  the  con- 
troller of  the  associated  motions  of  the  tongue 
and  pharynx.  By  others,  it  is  esteemed  to  be 
the  special  nerve  of  gustation. 

PHARYNGO-STAPHYLINUS,  Palato-pha- 
ryngeus. 

PHARYNGOG'RAPHY,  Pharyngogra'phia, 
from  <pao0y£,  '  the  pharynx,'  and  ynucpt],  'a  de- 
scription.' Anatomical  description  of  the  pha- 
rynx. 

PHARYN GOL'OGY,  Pharyngolog"ia,  from 
q)aovy%,  'the  pharynx,'  and  Xoyog,  'a  discourse.' 
The  part  of  anatomy  which  treats  of  the  pha- 
rynx. 

PHARYNGOLYSIS,  Pharyngoplegia. 

PHARYNGOPLE'GIA,  from  <paSuy£,  'the 
Pharynx,' and  nXrjaa-ixj,  'I  strike.'  Dysphagia 
paralytica,  D.  ior'pida,  D.  at.on'ica,  Angi'na  pa- 
ralytica, Astheni'a  Deglutitio'nis,  Pharyngoi'ysis, 
Paral'ysis  QZsoph'agi,  Guise  Imbecil'htas.  Pa- 
ralysis of  the  pharynx  or  oesophagus:  com- 
monly a  symptom  of  general  paralysis,  or  of 
approaching  dissolution. 

PHARYNGOTOME,  Pharyngot'omus,  from 
q>aQvy$,  'the  pharynx,'  and  rtiiva,  'I  cut.'  An 
instrument,  invented  by  J.  L.  Petit,  and  used 
to  scarify  inflamed  tonsils,  and  to  open  ab- 
scesses, which  form  in  the  parietes  of  the  pha- 
rynx. It  is  composed  of  a  long,  narrow  blade 
with  a  lancet  point,  enclosed  in  a  sheath  or 
canula  of  silver  slightly  curved.  This  in- 
strument is  carried  to  the  part  to  be  cut,  and 
the  point  of  the  blade  is  made  to  pass  out  of  the 
sheath,  by  pressing  on  a  button  at  the  end  of 
the  pharyngotome.  A  spring  causes  the  blade 
to  re-enter  as  soon  as  the  pressure  is  removed. 

PHARYNGOT'OMY,  Pharyngotom'ia;  same 
etymon.  Some  authors  have  used  this  word 
synonymously  with  cesophagotomy,  (q.  v.)  It 
means,  also,  scarification  of  the  tonsils,  or  an 
incision,  made  for  opening  abscesses  there,  &c. 

PHARYNX,  Pharyx,  Phurus,  Gula,  Lxmos, 
Fauces,  Pharyn' gethron,  Pharyn'gethros,  Phary- 
gathron,  Islhmos,  Isth'mion,  Inglu'vics,  Princip'- 
ium  Guise,  Os  pos'terum,  (F.)  Arriere-bouche, 
Gosier.  A  species  of  musculo-membranous, 
symmetrical  canal,  on  the  median  line,  irregu- 
larly funnel-shaped,  and  situate  between  the 
base  of  the  cranium  and  the  oesophagus,  in 
front  of  the  vertebral  column.  It  is  very  nar- 
row above;  but  dilates  in  the  middle,  and  again 
contiacts  below,  at  its  junction  with  the  oeso- 
phagus. Into  the  anterior  paries  of  the  pharynx 
open,  successively,  from  above  to  below, — the 
posterior  orifices  of  the  nasal  fossa:;  the  Eusta- 
chian tubes;  the  posterior  aperture  of  the  mouth, 
and  the  top  of  the  larynx.  The  pharynx  is 
formed,  externally,  of  a  muscular  coat,  and,  in- 
ternally, of  a  mucous  membrane,  which  is  con- 


PHARYX 


573 


PHLEBITIS 


tinuous,  above,  with  the  Schneiderian  mem- 
brane; in  the  middle,  with  that  of  the  mouth; 
below,  with  that  of  the  oesophagus;  and,  at  the 
sides,  with  those  of  the  Eustachian  tubes.  This 
membrane  has  no  villi,  and  presents  only  a  kw 
inequalities,  which  are  owing  to  the  presence 
of  muciparous  follicles.  The  muscular  coat  of 
the  pharynx  is  composed  of  the  constrictor 
muscles,  stylopharyngei,  and  pharyngo  staphy- 
lini.  The  vessels  and  nerves  are  called  '  pha- 
ryngeal.' The  pharynx  serves  as  a  common 
origin  for  the  digestive  and  respiratory  pas- 
sages. It  gives  passage  to  the  air,  during  res- 
piration; and  to  the  food  at  the  time  of  degluti- 
tion. 

PHARYX,  Pharynx. 

PHASE'OLUS  VULGA'RIS,  Fase'lus,  Fase'- 
olus,  Bona,  Boona,-  the  Kidney  Bean,-  the 
French  Bean,  (F. )  Haricot.  Family,  Legumi- 
nosa:.  Sex.  Syst.  Diadelphia  Decandria.  When 
young  and  well  boiled,  this  is  easy  of  digestion, 
and  delicately  flavoured.  It  is  less  flatulent 
than  the  pea. 

Phaseolus  Creticus,  Cajan,  Cayan.  A 
decoction  of  the  leaves,  according  to  Ray,  re- 
strains the  hemorrhoidal  flux,  when  excessive. 

PHASIA'NUS  GALLUS,  so  called  from  the 
river  *««•(?,  in  Colchis,  near  the  Black  sea:  (F.) 
Cot],  The  parts  of  generation  of  the  cock,  dried 
and  pulverized,  were  formerly  regarded  proper 
for  increasing  the  quantity  of  semen.  The  fat 
was  used  as  emollient  and  resolvent;  the  brain, 
in  diarrhoea;  the  gall,  in  freckles  and  diseases 
of  the  eyes.  These  phantasies  are  now  aban- 
doned. 

PHATNIQN,  Alveolus. 

PHATNORRHA'GIA,  from  <paxvtov,  'an  al- 
veolus,' and  £tiyw/mi,  'I  break  forth.'  Hemor- 
rhage from  an  alveolus. 

PHAUSIN'GES,  <pavaiyyt$,  plural  of  ipavaiy^, 
from  pauta, '  I  roast.'  Spots  or  blisters  on  the 
legs,  produced  by  heat;  and,  in  a  more  exten- 
sive signification,  by  any  other  cause.  Also,  a 
pustule. — Foesius. 

PHELLJiNDRE,  Phellandrium  aquaticum. 

PHELLAN'DRIUM  AQUAT'ICUM,  Phel- 
landrium, (Enan'tkS  phellan' drium,  Faznic'ulum 
aquaticum,  Cicuta'ria  aquatica,  Water  Fennel, 
Fine  leaved  Water  Hemlock,  (F.)  Phellandre, 
Fcnouil  d'eau,  Cigue  d'eau.  Family,  Umbelli- 
ferae.  Sex. Syst.  PentandriaDigynia.  Thisplant 
is  stimulant  and  narcotic.  It  has  been  used  in 
intermittents  and  dyspepsia.  It  has,  also,  been 
given  in  phthisis  pulmonalis,  and  in  cases  of 
scrofulous  atonic  ulcers. 

PHENIG'MUS,  Phaznig'mus,  from  (poivi^, 
'  red.'  Red  Jaundice.  A  cutaneous  affection, 
consisting  of  redness  diffused  over  the  skin, 
without  fever.  Sauvages  makes  it  a  genus  of 
his  order  Ictcritlae.  Also,  the  act  of  irritating  a 
part  by  a  stimulating  application. 

PHltNOMkNE,  Phenomenon. 

PHENOMENON,  Phxnorn'enon,  (F.)  Phi- 
nomine,  from  <j>ai>o^at,  'I  appear.'  An  extra- 
ordinary and  unexpected  event.  In  Medicine, 
it  means  any  change,  appreciable  by  our  senses, 
which  supervenes  in  an  organ  or  function: — 
as  the  phenomena  of  the  circulation,  respiration, 
&.C.  It  is  used  in  pathology,  synonymously 
with  symptom. 

PHEUGOPHOBIA,  Hydrophobia. 

PHEUGYDRON,  Hydrophobia. 

PHI'ALA.    A  Phial  or  Vial,  (F.)  Fiole.    A 


.small  bottle,  in  which  apothecaries  are  in  the 
habit  of  sending  out  their  mixtures,  draughts, 
&c:  hence  called  Medicine  Vials,  (F.)  Fiolcs 
a  Medecine.  They  are  usually  sold  in  grosses, 
and  assorted  into  vials  of  oz.  8;  oz.  4;  oz.  3; 
oz.  2;  oz.  1^;  oz.  1;  and  oz.  §. 

PHILANTHROPUS,  Galium  aparine. 

PHILETRON,  Philter. 

PHILIA'TROS,  <piiiar^o?,  from  <?a*a,  '[ 
love,'  and  ictrqi-nr],  '  medicine.'  An  amateur  of 
medicine.     One  who  studies  medicine. 

PHILOBIO'SIS,  (F.)  Philobiosie:  from  <pd*o, 
'  I  love,'  and  (iioq, '  life.'     The  love  of  life. 

PHILONIUM  LOND1NENSE,  Confectio 
opii. 

PH1LOPATRIDALGIA,  Nostalgia. 

PHILOPATRIDOMANIA,  Nostalgia. 

PHILOSOPHER'S  STONE,  see  Alchymv. 

PHILOSOPHIA  CORPORIS  VIVI,  Physi- 
ology— P-  Hermetica,  Alchymy — p.  per  Ignem, 
Chymistry. 

PHILTER,  from  9'^w,  'Hove.'  Philtrum, 
Phil'ctron,  Phar'macum  vel  Poc'ulum  amato'- 
rium,  Jlmato'rium  vencftc"ium,  (F.)  Philtre.  A 
medicine  or  drink  considered  capable  of  causing 
love. 

PHILTRUM,  in  Anatomy,  means  the  fossula 
or  depression  on  the  upper  lip,  beneath  the 
septum  of  the  nose,  which  seems  to  divide  the 
lip  into  two  parts. 

PHI  LYRA,  Tilia. 

PHIMA,  Phyma. 

PHIMOS,  Capistrum. 

PHIMOS'ICUS,  relating  to  Phimosis. 

Sauvages  calls  Ischu'ria  phimo'sica,  Ischu'ria 
urethrallis  a  phimo'si,  the  retention  of  urine 
which  depends  upon  phimosis. 

PHIMO'SIS,  Phymo'sis,  Capistra'tio,  from 
<ptftow,  '  I  bind  up.'  A  disease  which  consists 
in  a  preternatural  narrowness  of  the  opening 
of  the  prepuce,  so  that  it  cannot  be  carried  be- 
hind the  corona  glandis.  This  affection  is  most 
commonly  congenital.  Sometimes  it  is  acci- 
dental, and  dependent  upon  tumefaction  of  the 
glans,  or  of  the  prepuce,  as  occurs  in  syphilis. 
To  remedy  this  state,  the  prepuce  may  be  di- 
vided by  means  of  a  bistoury  and  director;  or 
circumcision  may  be  practised. 

PHLASMA,  Contusion. 

PIILEBARTERIOD1ALYSIS,  see  Aneu- 
rism. 

PHLEBECTA'SIA,  from  <phxp, '  a  vein,'  and 
txTuoic,  'dilatation.'  Dilatation  of  a  vein,  or  of 
a  portion  of  a  vein. — Alibert. 

PHL&BECTIARCTIE.  A  mongrel  term, 
from  <pXtijj,  '  a  vein,'  and  arcto,  '  I  contract.' 
Contraction  of  a  vein. 

PHLEBES,  (arteries.)     See  Artery. 

PHLEBEURYSMA,  Varix. 

PHLEB'ION,  diminutive  of  <pls\{j,  '  a  vein. 
A  vein. — Hippocrates.     Venula,  (q.  v.) 

PHLEBI'TIS,  lnflamma'tio  venu'rum,  (F.) 
Inflammation  des  veines,  from  <pKsxp,  'a  vein,' 
and  ills,  the  termination  for  inflammation.  In- 
flammation of  the  inner  membrane  of  a  vein, 
which  sometimes  follows  blood-letting,  and  ex- 
tends from  the  small  wound  made  in  that  ope- 
ration to  the  neighbouring  parts  of  the  venous 
system.  The  symptoms  are,  first,  inflammation 
in  the  punctured  part;  and,  afterwards,  a 
knotty,  tense,  painful  cord,  following  the  di- 
rection of  the  vessel,  and  accompanied  with 
more  or  less  fever,  according  to  the  extent  of 


PHLEBITIS,  CRURAL 


574 


PHLEGMONS 


the  inflammation,  the  nervoU3  symptoms,  &c. 
Phlebitis,  also,  sometimes  supervenes  on  the 
ligature  or  excision  of  varices;  after  amputa- 
tion, gun-shot  wounds,  delivery—  (Uterine  Phle- 
bitis, Metrophlebitis  puerpera' lis,) — the  ligature 
of  the  umbilical  cord,  &c.  It  may  terminate 
by  resolution,  suppuration,  ulceration,  or  gan- 
grene. 

Phlebitis,  Ciiural,  Phlegmatia  dolens — p. 
Uterina,  see  Peritonitis — p.  Uterine,  see  Peri- 
tonitis, and  Phlebitis. 

PHLEBOGRAPHY,  Phlehogra!  phia,  from 
<?>/s  V, '  a  vein,'  and  yqa^ij, '  a  description.'  De- 
scription of  the  veins. 

PHLEB'OLITE,  Phlebol'ithus,  Vein  stone, 
from  Qfo\p,  'a  vein,'  and  Xi&oq,  'a  stone.  A 
loose  concretion,  varying  in  size  from  a  currant 
to  that  of  a  pea,  occasionally  found  in  the  veins. 
It  would  seem  to  be  formed  in  the  blood. 

PHLEBOLITHUS,  Phlebolite. 

PHLEBOL'OGY,  Ph!ebolog"ia,  from  9Xtxp, 
'  a  vein,'  and  Xuyog,  '  a  discourse.'  The  part  of 
anatomy  which  treats  of  the  veins. 

FHLEBOPA'LIA,  from  <pltip, '  a  vein,'  and 
7rodZui,  '  I  palpitate.'  With  the  ancients,  pul- 
sation, which  they  conceived  to  be  produced 
bv  the  veins.  See  Pulsus  venarum. 
"  PHLEBOPHTHALMOTOM'IA,  Ophtbal- 
mophlcbotom'ia,  from  tpXsyj,  '  a  vein,'  opdaZ/uog, 
'  the  eye,'  and  ri/xrai,  '  I  cut.'  Blood-letting  in 
the  eye. 

PHLEBOPLEROSIS  ECPHRACTICA,  In- 
flammation. 

PHLEBORRHA'GIA,  from  <j>Xtxjj,  <  a  vein,' 
and  QtjYw/x.1,  'I  break  out.'  Rupture  of  the 
veins;  and,  in  a  more  extensive  sense,  venous 
hemorrhage. 

PHLEBORRHEX'IS,  from  <phrp,  'a  vein,' 
and  QTjl-i  g,  '  rupture.'  Rupture  of  a  vein.  Also, 
hemorrhage  from  a  vein.     Phlcborrka'gia. 

PHLEBOT'OMIST,  from  <p\sx/j, '  a  vein,'  and 
n/uvw,  'I  cut.'  A  bleeder.  One  who  practises 
particularly  the  operation  of  phlebotomy.  See 
Blood-letting. 

PHLEBOTOMY,  see  Blood-lettinc. 

PHLEBOTOMUS,  Fleam. 

FHLEBS,  Vein. 

PHLEDONIA,  Delirium. 

PHLEGM, Phlegma,Pitui'ta,(F.)  Pitnite.  One 
of  the  four  natural  humours  of  the  ancients, 
which  was,  according  to  them,  cold  and  moist, 
a3  atrabilis  was  cold  and  dry.  It  predominated, 
especially,  in  winter, 

Pituila  was  afterwards  applied  to  every  aque- 
ous or  excrementitious  humour,  such  as  the  sa- 
liva, nasal  and  intestinal  mucus,  serum,  <fcc. 
The  terms  phlegm  and  pituita  are  no  longer 
used  in  physiology;  the  different  humours 
having  received  particular  names;  but  the  vul- 
gar still  use  phlegm  to  designate  a  stringy  mu- 
cus, expectorated  or  rejected  by  vomiting. 
The  ancient  chymists  gave  the  name  'phlegm' 
to  aqueous,  insipid,  and  inodorous,  products  ob- 
tained by  subjecting  moist  vegetable  matters  to 
the  action  of  heat. 

PHLEGMA  V1TRIOLI,  Sulphuric  acid  (very 
dilute.) 

PHLEG'MAGOGUE,  from  q>XiYfia,  'phlegm,' 
and  ayw,  '  I  expel.'  A  medicine,  formerly 
believed  capable  of  "cutting"  or  removing 
phlegm. 

PHLEGMAPYRA.  Fever  adeno-meningeal. 

PHLEGMASIA,  Inflammation,  Phlegmon— 


p.  Alba  dolens  puerperarum,  Ph.  dolens  —  p 
Myoica,  Myositis— p.  of  the  Peritoneum,  Peri- 
tonitis. 

PHLEGMASIA,  from  itey/**,  '  phlegm.' 
OZdema,  (q.  v.)  Anasarca,  Hydrops,  (q.  v.) 

Phlegma'tia  Dolens,  P.  laclea,  P.  dolens 
puerpera'rum,  P.  alba  dolens  puerpera'rum,  Lcu- 
cophlegmasia  dolens  puerperarum,  Scelon'cus, 
Scelal/gia  puerpera' juni,  Anasarca  sero'sa,  Ec- 
phy'maademat'icum,  Spar gano' sis  puerperarum, 
Ecchymoma  lyntphat'icum,  Ischias  a  spargano'si , 
CEde'  ma  puerpera'rum,  (Ed.  lacleum,  Infantilis 
lac'tei  eztremitaftum,  Hydrophlegma'sia  texlus 
ceJlulo'si,  Crural  Phlebi'tis,  White  leg,  Swelled 
leg,  White  swelling  of  lying-in  women,  (b\) 
(Edime  des  nouvelles  accouchees,  (Edhne  dou- 
leureux  des  femmes  en  couche,  Depot  luiieux  sur 
la  cuisse,  (Edhne  actif  des  nouvelles  accouche" es, 
Enflure  ou  Engorgement  des  jambes  el  des  cuisses 
de  la  femme  accouchee,  £.  laiteux  des  membrcs 
abdominaux.  It  occurs,  for  the  most  part,  in 
the  second  or  third  week  after  delivery. — is 
limited  to  the  lower  extremity,  and  chiefly  to 
one  side;  exhibiting  to  the  touch  a  feeling  of 
numerous  irregular  prominences  under  the 
skin.  It  is  hot,  white,  and  unyielding;  and  is 
accompanied,  sooner  or  later,  with  febrile  ex- 
citement. After  a  few  days  the  heat,  hardness, 
and  sensibility  diminish,  and  the  limb  remains 
cedematous  for  a  longer  or  shorter  period.  The 
disease  frequently,  if  not  generally,  consists  in 
obstruction  of  the  iliac  or  other  veins.  Owing 
to  the  pressure  of  the  gravid  uterus — the  flow 
of  blood  being  obstructed — the  serous  part  of  it 
is  thrown  out  into  the  cellular  membrane  of  the 
limb.  Sometimes  the  vein  is  found  completely 
obliterated. 

The  treatment  consists  in  the  use  of  antiphlo- 
gistics: — the  application  of  leeches  or  cupping- 
glasses  near  the  groin :  fomentations  to  the 
limb,  &c;  and,  when  the  active  state  has  sub- 
sided, the  use  of  a  roller,  applied  gently  at  first, 
but,  afterwards,  gradually  tightened. 

Phlegmatia  Lactea,  P.  dolens. 

PHLEGMATIC  MEMBRANOSC  ET 
PARENCHYMATOSC,  Empresma. 

PHLEGMATOPYRA,  Fever,  adeno-menin- 
geal. 

P  H  L  E  G  M  A  T  0  R  R H  A '  GIA,  Pldegmutor- 
rha'a;  from  yxeypa,  '  phlegm,'  and  osco, '  I  flow.' 
Stahl  and  his  partisans  gave  this  name  to  a  co- 
pious secretion,  by  the  nostrils,  of  a  limpid  and 
thin  mucus,  without  inflammation.  It  is  the 
Coryza  Phlegmatorrhagia  of  Sauvages.  See 
Coryza. 

PHLEGMHYMENITIS,  Phlegmymenitis. 

PHLEGMON,  from  <pxEyu),  'I  burn.'  Phlo- 
go'sis  phleg'morte",  Phlcg'monS,  Phlegma! sia,  In- 
ccn'dium,  Infiamrna'tio-  Inflammation  of  the 
cellular  texture,  accompanied  with  redness, cir- 
cumscribed swelling,  increased  heat  and  pain; 
which  is,  at  first,  tensive  and  lancinating;  after- 
wards, pulsatory  and  heavy.  It  terminates, 
most  commonly,  in  suppuration.  It  requires 
the  antiphlogistic  treatment,  until  suppuration 
seems  inevitable,  when  the  suppuration  must 
be  encouraged  as  the  next  favourable  termina- 
tion to  resolution. 

PHLEGMON  PltRW&PHRATlQUE,  Pe- 
riphrenitis. 

PHLEGMONE,  Inflammation— p.  Mammae, 
Maslodynia  apostematosa — p.  Mastodynia,  Mas- 
todynia  apostematosa — p.  Parotidcca,  Parotis — 


PHLEGMONODES 


575 


PHOSPHORURIA 


p    Parulis,  Parulis — p.  Musculorum,  Myositis 
^-p.  Ventriculi,  Gastritis. 

PHLEGMONODES,  Phlegmonous. 
P1J  LEG'  M  ONOU  S,    P  h  leg  mono' des,   from 
tplty j&ovy},   'a    phlegmon,'    anri    e<(5;c,    'resem- 
blance.'    That  which  relates  or  belongs  to   a 
phlegmon. 

Phlegmonous  Inflammation  is  the  active 
inflammation  of  the  cellular  membrane;  in  con- 
tradistinction to  erysipelatous  inflammation,  or 
that  of  the  skin. 

PHLEGMOPYRA,  Fever,  adeno-meningeal. 
PHLEGMORRHAGIA,  Blennorrhea. 
PHLEGMORRHAGIE  P  ULMONAIRE, 
Bronchorrhoca. 

PHLEGMORRHCEA.  Blennorrhea. 
PH LEGM  Y  M E  Nl' T IS,  Phleg mhymeni'tis, 
from  (f'/.fy/u  <t,  '  phlegm,'  'wjuijv,  'a  membrane,' 
and  ills,  the  termination  for  inflammation.     In- 
flammation of  a  mucous  membrane. 

Phi.egmymknitis  Enterica,  see  Enteritis. 
PHLEl'S,  Vein. 
PHLOGISTON,  Hydrogen. 
PHLOGO'DES,from<p/o|,  'flame,'  and  si  Joe, 
'  resemblance.'     lnfia'med,    Inflamma'tus.     An 
epithet  employed,   particularly  to  express  the 
red  colour  of  the  face. 

PHLOGOPYRUS,  Synocha. 
PHLOGOSED,  Inflamed. 
PHLOGO'SIS,  Inccndium  (q.  v.)  Inflamma'- 
tion,  (q.  v.)  Some  writers  use  the  word  exclu- 
sively for  external  inflammations — phlegmon; 
others,  for  those  that  are  superficial  or  erysipe- 
latous. 

Phlocosis,  Phlegmone,  Phlegmon. 
THLOGOT'IC  A  JnflamiTia'tions.  The  second 
order  in  the  class  Jlxmatica  of  Good. 
PIILOIOS,  Cortex. 
PHLOOS,  Cortex. 

PHLOR'IDZINE,  Pkloridzi'na,  Phhridzin, 
from  tfXaog,  '  inner  bark,'  and  oita.,  '  root.'  The 
bitter  or  active  principle  of  the  root  and  trunk 
of  the  apple,  pear,  cherry,  and  plum  tree.  It  is 
deposited  from  the  decoction  on  cooling;  crys- 
tallizes in  silky  spicula  of  a  dead  white  colour, 
when  in  masses,  or  in  long  slender  prisms  or 
tables,  when  crystallized  with  care.  1000  parts 
of  water,  at  a  temperature  of  from  32°  to  71°, 
only  dissolve  about  one  part;  but  at  from  70°  to 
212°,  it  is  dissolved  in  all  proportions.  It  is 
very  soluble  in  pure  alcohol,  but  only  slightly 
so  in  ether;  s.  g.  1.429.  It  has  been  adminis- 
tered successfully  in  intermittent, — 10  to  20 
grains  being  generally  required  to  arrest  the 
paroxysm.  It  may  be  given  either  in  the  form 
of  pill  or  powder. 
PI1LOUS,  Cortex. 

PHLYCTjE'NA,  Pldijza'clon,  Jlmpul'lx,  Ho- 
lophlyd tides,  Phlyd tides,  Phly'sis,  from  y7.vto>, 
'.I  boil."  Tumours,  formed  by  the  accumulation 
of  a  serous  fluid  under  the  epidermis. 
PHLYCTJENULA,  see  Hydatid. 
PHLYC'TENOID,  Phlyctenoi'de.s.  Resem- 
bling phlyctsenae.  An  epithet  for  a  variety  of 
herpes. 

PHLYCTIDES,  Phlyctcena. 
PHLYCTIDTUM,  same  etymon.  A  circular 
or  annular  spot  of  inflammation  of  the  corium, 
encircled  by  a  red  ring  or  zone,  within  which 
suppuration  lakes  place.  The  genuine  small- 
pox pnstule,  and  that  produced  bj  the  applica- 
tion of  tartar  emetic  ointment  are  examples 
of  it. 


PHLYSIS,  from  <f%vt<o,  'I  am  hot,'  '  I  boil.' 
A  cutaneous  eruption.  An  ulcerative,  subcu- 
taneous tumour:  flat,  tensive,  glabrous;  dif- 
fused, hot,  throbbing;  at  length  fluctuating 
with  an  acrid  ichor. — Good. 

Phlvsis,  Phlyctcena— p.  Ecthyma,  Ecthyma 
— p.  Impetigo.  Impetigo — p.  Porrigo,  Porrigo 
— p.  Scabies,  Psora. 

PHLYZACIA,  Ecthyma. 
PHLYZACION,  Phlyctcena. 
PHOBOD1PSON,  Hydrophobia. 
PHOCOM'ELES,  from  <»u>*>;,  'a  seal,'  and 
(teXoi, '  a  limb.'    A  genus  of  monsters,  in  which 
the  limbs  are  shortened;  the  hands  and  feet  ap 
pearing  to  exist  alone,  and  to  be  inserted  im- 
mediately on  the  trunk,  as  in  the  seals  and  the 
herbivorous  celacea. — J.  G.  St.  Hilaire. 
PH03NIC1SMUS,  Rubeola. 
PHCENIGMUS,  Fhenigmus— p.  Petechial, 
Purpura  simplex. 

PHCENIX  DACTYL1FERA,  Date  tree. 
PHONA'TION,  Phona'tio,  from  <j>wrij,  'voice.' 
The  physiology  of  the  voice. 
PHONE,  Voice. 

PHO'NICA,  cpumzi,  from  <p  &»■»/,  'voice.' 
The  first  order  of  the  class  Pneumaiica  in  Good's 
Nosology.  Defined:  —  diseases  affecting  the 
vocal  avenues: — the  passage  of  the  voice  im- 
peded, or  its  power  suppressed  "or  depraved. 

PHONON'OSI,  Phononu'si,  from  q>wrij,  'the 
voice,'    and   ronog,   'a  disease.'     Phonopathi'a. 
Morln  rods.     Diseases  of  the  voice. 
PHONOPATHIA,  Phononosi. 
PHORA,  Gestation. 
PHORBE,  Pabulum. 

PHORONOM'IA,  from  (pogto^Kt,  or  tptpofiai, 
'I  put  myself  in  motion,'  and  ronog,  'law.'  The 
doctrine  of  muscular  motion. 

PHOROUS,  from  <?>f§w,  '  1  carry.'     A  suffix 
denoting  conveyance.    Hence,  G<x\a.ctophorous, 
&c. 
PHOS,  Light. 

PHOSPHAS  CALCICUM  ST1BIATUM, 
Antimonial  powder — p.  Calcis  stibiatus,  Anti- 
monial  powder— p.  Nalricum,  Soda,  phosphate 
of. 

PHOSPHAT'IC,  Phosphal'icus,  from  Phos- 
phorus. Relating  to  the  phosphates;  hence 
Phosphat'ic  Diath'esis  is  the  habit  of  body 
which  favours  the  deposition  of  the  phosphates 
from  the  urine. 

PHOSPHOIiE,  Phosphorus. 
PHOSPHOKENESES.  M.  Baumes  unites, 
under  this  generic  name,  diseases  which  he 
attributes  to  disordered  phosphorization;  i.e.  to 
excess  or  deficiency  of  calcareous  phosphate  or 
its  decomposition.  Amongst  these  affections  he 
ranks  rachitis,  osteo-malacia,  and  gout. 

PHOSPHORES'CENCE,  Phosphorescent  hi. 
The  property  possessed  by  certain  bodies  of  be- 
ing luminous  in  obscurity,  or  under  particular 
circumstances. 

PHOSPHORIC  ACID,  Ad'idum  Phosphor'- 
icum.  A  solid,  colourless  compound;  highly 
sapid;  very  soluble  in  water,  and  vitrifiable  by- 
fire.  It  exists  in  bones  combined  with  lime. 
It  has  been  employed  in  medicine  in  the  form 
of  lemonade,  in  passive  hemorrhage,  typhus, 
phthisis,  marasmus,  &c,  and  in  injection  in 
cases  of  cancer  of  the  uterus.  It  does  not  seem 
preferable  to  olher  acids. 

PllOSPHORUBIA,  Urine,  phosphorescent. 


PHOSPHORUS 


57G 


PHTHISIS 


PHOS'PHORUS,  Phos'phorum,  Autophos'- 
phorus,  from  yw?,  'light.'  and  cpt^tu,  'I  carry.' 
(F.)  Phosphore.  'A  light-carrier.'  An  elemen- 
tary or  undecomposed  substance;  not  metallic; 
solid;  transparent  or  semi-transparent;  colour- 
less; brilliant;  flexible;  of  a  sensible  garlic 
odour;  very  inflammable,  and  susceptible  of 
combining  with  the  oxygen  of  the  atmosphere, 
at  even  the  ordinary  temperature.  It  does  not 
exist  pure  in  nature,  but  is  found  frequently 
united  to  other  bodies. 

Phosphorus  has  been  used  in  medicine,  dis- 
solved in  ether  or  suspended  in  the  yolk  of  egg, 
as  a  stimulant;  but  the  greatest  precautions  are 
necessary  in  its  administration:  hence  it  is 
rarely  employed. 

PHOTODAMPSIS,  Refraction. 

FHOTOMA'NIA,  from  90.?,  'light,'  and  ma- 
nia.    Insane  delirium  induced  by  licht. 

PHOTOPHO'BIA,  from  <?w?,  'light,'  and 
<po/9of,  'fear.'  Aversion  to  light: — intolerance 
of  licrht.     Nyctalopia,  (q.  v.) 

PHOTOPHOBOPHTHALM1A,  Nyctalopia. 

PHOTOPS'lA,  from  90c,  'light,'  and  wxf>, 
'  the  eye.'  A  false  perception  of  light,  as  of 
sparks,  flashes  of  fire,  &c.  occasioned  by  certain 
conditions  of  the  retina  and  brain.  See  JYleta- 
morphopsia. 

PHRAGMOS,  <p^ayuog,  from  qgaoow,  'I  en- 
close.'    A  row  of  teeth. 

PHRASIS,  Voice,  articulated. 

PHRASUM,  Marrubium. 

FHREN,  <$w,  'the  mind.'  Also,  the  dia- 
phragm. 

PHRENES,  Diaphragm. 

PHRllKESIE,  Fhrenitis. 

PHRENESIS,  Delirium,  Phrenitis. 

PHRENETIASIS,  Delirium,  Phrenitis. 

PHRENIC,  Diaphragmatic. 

PHREN'ICA,  from  <pnr,v,  'the  mind.'  Dis- 
eases affecting  the  intellect;  characterized  by 
error,  perversion,  or  debility  of  one  or  more  of 
the  mental  faculties.  The  first  order  of  the 
class  Neurotica  of  Good. 

PHRENICULA  HYDROCEPH AL1CA, 
Hydrocephalus  internus. 

PHRENISMUS,  Phrenitis. 

P  H  R  E  N  I '  T 1  S ,  Phren'esis,  Phreneti'asis, 
Phrenis'imis,  CephaU'lis.  Cephalalgia  inflam- 
malo'ria,  Kurabitus,  (Arab.,)  Sibare,  Sphdcclis'- 
mus  cer'ebri,  Empres'ma  cephali'tis,  Siriasis, 
Seiriasis,  Sidera'lio,  Injlamma'lio  phreni'tis,  En- 
cephalitis,  Cauma  phreni'tis,  Phrensy,  Delirium 
(q.  v.)  Brain  Fever,  (F.)  Phrrnesie,  Inflamma- 
tion du  cerveau  et  du  Ccrvelet,  from  (pQtjv,  '  the 
mind,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  A  dis- 
ease, characterized  by  violent  pyrexia;  pain  in 
the  head;  redness  of  the  face  and  eyes;  into- 
lerance of  light  and  sound;  watchfulness;  and 
delirium,  either  furious  or  muttering.  Its 
causes  are  the  same  as  those  of  other  inflam- 
mations: sometimes,  however,  it  is  induced  by 
a  Coup  de  soleit;  by  inebriation;  violent  mental 
emotions,  &c.  Some  authors  have  given  the 
name  Phrenitis  and  Meningitis  to  inflammation 
of  the  membranes  of  the  brain ;  and  that  of  Ce- 
phalitis, Encephalitis  or  Cerebritis  to  inflamma- 
tion of  the  substance  of  the  brain  :  but  there  are 
no  pathognomonic  symptoms,  which  can  lead 
us  to  refer  the  seat  of  the  disease  to  either  of 
those  parts  exclusively.  Phrenitis  is, of  course, 
a  very  dangerous  affection,  from  the  importance 
of   the   organ   concerned.      The    most   active 


treatment  must  necessarily  be  pursued; — re« 
peated  bleeding;  purging;  the  application  of  ice 
to  the  shaved  head;  a  position  in  which  the 
head  is  raised;  and  the  avoiding  of  irritation  of 
every  kind; — form  the  remedial  means  during 
the  violent  stage.  After  this  has  yielded,  coun- 
ter-irritants to  the  nape  of  the  neck  or  to  other 
parts  of  the  body  will  be  useful  adjuvants. 
When  the  brain  and  meninges  were  affected 
only  symptornatically,  as  in  inflammation  of  the 
diaphragm,  the  disease  was  formerly  called 
Paraphrenias,  (q.  v.) 

Hydrocephalus  acutus,  (q.  v.)  is  a  variety  of 
phrenitis. 

Phrenitis  Calentura,  Coup-de-soleil — p. 
Latrans,  Hydrophobia — p.  Potatorum,  Delirium 
tremens — p.  Verminosa,  Vercoquin. 

PHRENOLOGY,  Craniology. 

PHRENSY,  Phrenitis. 

PHRICASMUS,  Horripilation. 

PHRICE.  Horripilation. 

PHRICO'DES  (FEBRIS.)  from  <pqixv,  '  a 
shivering.'  Horrif'icus.  A  fever,  in  which  the 
chill  is  verv  intense  and  prolonged. 

PHRYAGMA,  Shuddering. 

PHRYOTE,  Colophonia. 

PHRYG'MUS  (LAPIS.)  An  earthy  matter, 
found  in  Phrygia  and  Cappadocia,  and  formerly 
employed  as  an  astringent. — Gorrasus. 

PHTHARMA  CALIGO,  Caligo-p.  Cata- 
racta,  Cataract — p.  Glaucoma,  Glaucoma. 

PHTHEIR.  Pedioulus. 

PHTHEIRE'MIA,  from  <^t,Qt,,,  'I  corrupt,' 
and  'aiua,  'blood.'  A  state  in  which  the  plastic 
powers  of  the  blood  are  deteriorated. 

PHTHEllll'ASIS,  Phthiriusis,  from  ySitq, 
'a  louse;  Morbus  pcdiculu'sus,  M.  pedicula'ris, 
Pruri'go  pedicula'ris,  Pedicula'tio,  Malts  pedic'- 
uli,  Lousiness,  Lousy  disease,  (F.)  Maladie  pe- 
diculaire,  Phthiriase.  A  disease  which  consists 
in  the  excessive  multiplication  of  lice  on  the 
human  body,  under  conditions  in  which  it  does 
not  ordinarily  take  place,  and  in  spite  of  clean- 
liness. It  has  been  asserted,  that  the  affection 
has  often  caused  death.  Simple  and  medicated 
baths  have  been  recommended  for  its  removal; 
lotions  of  the  decoction  or  infusion  of  tobacco 
and  stavesacre,  mercurial  frictions,  &c. 

PHTHEIR1UM,  Delphinium  staphisagria. 

PHTHEIROCTONUM,  Delphinium  staphi- 
sagria. 

FHTHINODES,  Phthisicus. 

PHTHIRIASE,  Phtheiriasis. 

PHTHIRIASIS,  Malis,  Phtheiriasis. 

PHTHIROPORON,  Autumn. 

PHTHIS'ICUS,  Phthino'des,  Tab'idus,  Phthi- 
sical, (F.)  Poilrinaire.  Same  etymon  as  phthi- 
sis. Belonging  to  phthisis.  Also,  one  labour- 
ing under  phthisis. 

PHTHIS1E,  Phthisis  pulmonalis—  p.  Calcu- 
leuse,  Calculi,  pulmonary  —  p.  Mesenlcrique, 
Tabes  mesenterica. 

PHTHISIOL'OGY,  Pl,thisio!og"ia,  from 
(pdifitc,  and  Inyo;.     A  treatise  on  phthisis. 

FHTHISIOSIS,  Tubercular  consumption. 

PHTHISI  PNEUMONIA,  Phthisis  pulmo- 
nalis. 

PHTHISIS,  Pltthoe,  Tabes,  Te'cedon,  Con- 
sumption,  Decline,  from  <pdim,  'I  dry,'  'I  fade.' 
This  word,  taken  in  a  general  sense,  means 
progressive  emaciation  of  every  part  of  the 
body.  It  is  usually,  however,  restricted  to 
phthisis  pulmonalis. 


PHTHISIS,  BLACK 


577 


PHTHOISCOS 


Phthisis,  Black,  see  Anthracosis. 

Phthisis,  Bronchial,  Phthisis  bronchia' lis. 
Phthisis  occasioned  by  the  pressure  of  enlarged 
tuberculous  bronchial  glands,  which,  not  un- 
frequently,  communicate  with  caverns  in  the 
lungs  or  with  the  bronchia. 

Phthisis,  Cancerous,  Med'vllary  or  Enceph'- 
aloid  Tumour  of  the  Lung,  (F.)  Cancer  du  Pou- 
mon.    Cancer  of  the  lung. 

Phthisis  Dorsalis,  Tabes  Dorsalis— p.  Dys- 
peptic, see  Phthisis— p.  Dyspeptic,  see  Phthisis. 

Phthisis  Larynge'a,  Chronic  Laryngi'tis, 
(F.)  Phthisie  luryngee,  Ulcere  du  larynx,  Laryn- 
gite  avcc  secretion  cle  Pus,  is  a  species  of  con- 
sumption analogous  to  phthisis  pulmonalis,  and 
produced  by  inflammation  and  ulceration  of  the 
interior  of  the  larynx,  and  sometimes  by  caries 
of  the  cartilages.  Phthisis  trachea' lis  is  a  simi- 
lar affection,  seated  in  the  trachea. 

Phthisis  Meseraica,  Tabes  mesenterica — 
p.  Notias,  Tabes  dorsalis. 

Phthisis  Pulmona'lis,  Phthisis  pulmona'lis 
vera  seu  tuberculo'sa  seu  scrophulo'sa  sen  tuber'- 
mh-uhe.ro!  ta  sen  purulen'ta  exulcera'ta,  Mar  as' - 
mus  phthisis,  Hec'tica  phthisis,  Flsemop' lysis 
phthisis,  P.  Pidmona'ris,  Phthisi-pneumo'nia, 
Tabes  pulmona'lis,  Phthisis  scrophulo'sa,  Pncu- 
mop'lhoe,  Pulmo'nia,  Phthisis  tuberculo'sa,  Tu- 
berculosis Palmo'num,  Gongrophthi'sis,  Tuber- 
culous disease  of  the  Lungs,  Pulmonary  consump- 
tion, Consumption,  Decline,  (F.)  Phthisie,  P.  pul- 
monale, Cruchement  cle  pus.  Occasionally,  this 
formidable  disease  occurs  accidentally:  but, 
usually,  it  is  caused  by  a  conformation  obtained 
from  progenitors.  This,  at  least,  predisposes  to 
it;  and  but  a  slight  exciting  cause  may  be  required 
to  rouse  the  predisposition  into  action.  It  is  less 
a  disease  of  the  torrid  zone;  and,  in  the  tempe- 
rate regions  of  the  globe,  its  pathology  is  often 
intimately  allied  with  that  of  scrofula.  It  usu- 
ally consists  in  the  formation  of  tubercles  in  the 
lungs,  which  sooner  or  later  inflame  and  break 
down.  In  such  a  constitution,  ulcerations  of 
the  lungs  do  not  readily  heal;  and  hectic  fever 
— the  universal  attendant  upon  irritability  and 
debility — is  established.  This  persists,  and 
gradually  wears  down  the  patient,  till  he  ulti- 
mately expires,  exhausted  by  the  irritative 
fever.  The  chief  symptoms  are  the  following. 
The  patient  feels  a  sense  of  uneasiness  in  the 
chest,  with  severe  fits  of  coughing,  or  a  short 
and  dry  cough  with  dyspnoea.  This  may  be 
considered  the  incipient  stage.  The  cough  then 
becomes  extremely  troublesome,  especially  in 
the  morning;  and  dyspnoea  is  increased  on  the 
slightest  exertion.  The  expectoration  is  evi- 
dently purulent,  with  fever  in  the  evening,  and 
circumscribed  redness  ofthe  cheeks;  wasting  and 
colliquative  sweats  early  in  the  morning.  This 
must  be  considered  the  confirmed  stage.  In  the 
third  or  last  stage,  the  hectic  is  constant,  with 
small  pulse,  pungent  heat,  colliquative  sweats, 
and  diarrhoea.  The  weakness  becomes  ex- 
treme, and  the  patient  exhausted.  Physical 
Signs.  —  1.  In  the  first  stage,  whilst  there  are 
yet  scattered  miliary  tubercles, — the  only  ap- 
preciable change  at  the  exterior  of  the  chest, 
and  this  is  not  constant,  is  a  want  of  freedom 
in  the  movements  of  the  chest  under  orre  or 
both  clavicles.  Percussion  will  generally  dis- 
cover a  slight  diminution  of  sound  correspond- 
ing to  the  summit  of  one  lung. 
In   the    same  situation,  auscultation  shows 


that  the  inspiratory  murmur  is  either  weaker, 
rougher,  or  confused.  The  sound  of  expira- 
tion is  more  distinct.  The  voice  and  cough 
are  rather  more  resonant,  and  wheezino-  or  rau- 
cous rale  are  occasionally  heard  in  the  same 
region.  2.  When  the  tubercular  deposition  has 
become  more  abundant,  the  motion  of  the  chest 
is  more  markedly  diminished  under  one  or  both 
clavicles.  The  loss  of  sound  on  percussion  is 
more  distinct,  the  inspiration,  on  auscultation, 
is  bronchial,  the  expiration  louder  and  more 
superficial,  and  the  resonance  of  the  voice  and 
cough  is  increased.  The  rest  of  the  lumr  is 
perhaps  healthy, or  the  respiration  maybe  pue- 
rile. 3.  When  the  tubercles  are  undergoing 
softening, — in  addition  to  the  preceding  signs, 
auscultation  exhibits  subcrepilant  rale  around 
the  apex  of  the  lung,  decreasing  from  above 
downwards.  It  is  most  distinct  during  or  after 
the  cough,  and  at  the  close  of  a  deep  inspira- 
tion. As  the  disease  proceeds,  the  bubbling  be- 
comes successively  larger,  and  ultimately  gar- 
gouillement  is  heard.  The  inspiration  and^ex- 
piration  are  cavernous  or  tracheal.  The  voice 
and  cough  indicate  unusual  resonance  and  pec- 
toriloquy. The  intercostal  spaces  are  often  de- 
pressed locally,  and  percussion  may  become 
gradually  clearer  and  even  tympanitic  as  the 
cavern  increases. 

It  is  only  in  the  incipient  state  of  this  formi- 
dable disease,  that  advantage  can  be  expected 
from  any  plan  of  treatment;  and  of  all  means 
that  can  be  devised,  that  of  removing  to  a  cli- 
mate in  which  air  and  exercise  can  be  daily 
enjoyed  during  the  autumnal,  winter,and  spring 
months  is  the  best.  Sea  Climate.  If  this  be 
impracticable,  the  patient  must  be  kept  in  a 
regulated  temperature,  taking  care  that  the 
chamber  be  duly  ventilated;  and  gestation  in 
the  open  air  be  used,  whenever  the  atmosphere, 
although  cold,  is  dry.  The  other  indications 
will  be:  1.  To  moderate  inflammatory  action : 
2.  To  support  the  strength;  and,  3.  To  pal- 
liate urgent  symptoms.  The  whole  treatment 
indeed  is  palliative.  Counter-irritants  relieve 
pain:  demulcents  and  mild  opiates  alleviate  the 
cough:  the  mineral  acids  united  with  opium 
relieve  the  colliquative  sweats;  and  chalk  and 
opium  the  diarrhoea. 

Dr.  Wilson  Philip  has  pointed  out  a  particu- 
lar species  of  phthisis,  which  is  characterized, 
in  the  early  stage,  by  a  deranged  state  of  the 
digestive  organs;  flatulent,  irregular  bowels; 
furred  tongue;  impaired  appetite;  unnatural 
fceces;  and  the  epigastric  region  more  or  less 
full  and  tender  on  pressure.  The  affection  of 
the  lungs  is  here  secondary.  He  calls  it  Dys- 
peptic phthisis. 

Phthisis  Pupii.laris,  Myosis— p.  Pupillae, 
Synezizis— p.  Scrophulosa,  Phthisis  pulmonalis 
—  p.  Tuberculosa,  Phthisis  pulmonalis. 

Phthisis  Pulmonalis  Purulenta  Exulce- 
rata,  Phthisis  pulmonalis— p.  Pulmonalis  scro- 
phulosa, Phthisis  pulmonalis— p.  Pulmonalis 
tuberculosa,  Phthisis  pulmonalis— p.  Pulmona- 
lis tuberculosa-ulcerata,  Phthisis  pulmonalis— 
p.  Pulmonalis  vera,  Phthisis  pulmonalis. 

PI  ITHISURIA,  Diabetes. 

PHTHISURIE,  Diabetes— p.  Sucree,  Diabetes 
niellitns. 

PHTHOE,  Phthisis. 

PHTHOIS,  Pastil,  Trochiscus. 

PHTHOISCOS,  Trochiscos,  Pastil. 


PHTHORA 


578 


PHYTO  ALOPECIA 


PHTHORA.  Abortion,  Corruption. 
PHTHORIUS,  Abortive. 
PHUSCA,  Oxycrate. 

PHYGETH'LON,  Panus,  Phypelk,  from 
<?n/a),'  I  broil.'     Inflammation  of  the  superficial 
lymphatic  glands,  not  ending  in  suppuration. 
PHYLACTERION,  Amuletam. 

PHYLACTE'RIUM,  from  tpvXa<r<re>,  'I  pre- 
serve.' A  Phylactery.  An  amulet: — a  prophy- 
lactic. 

PHYLAXIS,  Conservation. 

PHYLLAN'THUS  URINA'RIA,  Binkohum- 
ba.  A  plant  employed  in  Ceylon,  in  decoction, 
as  a  diuretic. 

PHYLL1TIS,  Asplenium  scolopendrium. 

PHYMA,  Pliima,  from  tpvo/tai,  'I  spring  up.' 
With  the  ancients,  this  word  was  used  with 
great  latitude:  sometimes,  in  the  sense  of  phleg- 
mon, for  tumours  larger  than  a  boil,  and  per- 
fectly suppurative.  In  the  nosology  of  Sau- 
vages,  Phymata  is  an  order  of  diseases,  to  which 
lie  refers  erysipelas,  cedema,  phlegmon,  em- 
physema, scirrhus,  &c.  In  that  of  Or.  Good  it 
is  a  genus,  including  hordeolum,  furunculus, 
sycosis,  and  anthrax. 

1'hyma  Anthhax,  Anthrax— p.  Anthrax  ter- 
minthus.  Terminthus — p   Sycosis,  Sycosis. 

PHYMATOSIS,  Excrescence— p.  Elephan- 
tiasis, Elephantiasis — p.  Verrucosa,  Verruca. 

PHYMOSIS,  Phimosis. 

PHYPELLA,  Phygethlon. 

PHYSA,  Crepitation. 

PHY'SALIS,  P.  Alkeken'gl,  Sola'num  vesica' - 
riu/n,  Alchachen!  ge,  Alkekeo! gi,  Hulicadalmm, 
Winter  Cherry,  (F.)  Alkekenge,  Coqueret.  Fa- 
mily, Solanese.  Sex  Syst.  Pentandria  Mono- 
gynia.  The  berries  are  recommended  as  a  diu- 
retic, from  6  to  12  for  a  dose,  in  dropsical  and 
calculous  cases. 

Physalis  Alkekengi,  Physalis. 

PHYSCIA  1SLANDICA,  Lichen  islandicus 
— p.  Nivalis,  Lichen  caninus. 

PHYSCO'NIA,  from  (ptxraij,  'a  bladder.' 
Ventros'ifas,  Ecphy'ma  physco'nia,  Hyposar'ca, 
Emphrac'tica,  Visco'nia,  Hyper  sarchid'ios.  A 
generic  term,  under  which  Sauvages  has  com- 
prised every  large  tumour  developed  in  the 
abdomen,  that  is  neither  fluctuating  nor  sono- 
rous.    Linnaeus  calls  them  Hyposarca. 

Physconia  Bii.iosa,  Turgescentia  vesiculoe 
felleae — p.  Mesenterica,  Tabes  mesenterica — p. 
Splenicum,  Ague  cake. 

PHYSCOJVJE  M£SENT£RIQUE,  Tabes 
mesenterica. 

PHYSEMA,  Tympanites,  Physesis. 

PHYSE'SIS,  Physt'ma,  from  qiiiraa),  'I  in- 
flate.' An  emphysematous  tumour.  Tympa- 
nites, (q.  v  ) 

PHYSETER  MACROCEPHALUS,  see 
Cetaceum. 

PHYSIATRICE,  Vis  medicatrix  naturre. 

PHYSIC,  Medicament,  Medicina — p.  Indian, 
Euphorbia  corollata,  Gillenia  trifoliata— p.  Root, 
Leptandria  purpurea. 

PHYSICIAN,  Med'icus,  Ia'tros,  Aces' tor, 
Altheus,  from  cpvrt?,  'nature.'  (F.)  Medecin. 
One  who  has  received  his  degree  from  an  in- 
corporated Institution,  as  Doctor  (q.  v.)  of  Me- 
dicine. The  French  formerly  used  the  word 
physicien  in  the  same  sense.  It  is  now  appro- 
priated to  the  natural  philosopher. 

PHYSICS, MEDICAL,  lutrophys'ics.  Physics, 
directly  applied  to  medicine :  either  to  the  expla- 


nation of  the  vital  phenomena,  the  preservation 
of  individuals,  or  the  treatment  of  disease. 

PHYSIO-AUTOCRATIA,  Vis  medicatrix 
naturre. 

PIIYSIOG'NOMY,  Physiognom'ia,  Pkysiog* 
nom'ica,  Physiognom'icS,  Physionom'.ia,  Physi* 
ognomon'icu,  Physiognom'onB,  Physiognomoi/- 
yne~,  Physiognoinosia,  Anthroposcop'ia,  Proso- 
pomanti'a,  Semiot'ice  fa'cici,  Physiognomon'ia, 
Pliysiognom'ony,  Metopos1  copy,  Prosopo'sis,  from 
tpvric,  '  nature,'  and  yivw/.w,  '1  know.'  The 
art  of  knowing  the  dispositions  of  men  from 
their  external  appearance;  especially  from  the 
features.  Every  inference  of  this  kind  must 
necessarily  be  extremely  fallacious,  and  cannot 
be  reduced  to  rule,  as  was  attempted  by  Lava- 
ter  and  others.  In  infantile  diseases,  nume- 
rous shades  of  expression  are  evident,  which 
experience  teaches  how  to  appreciate;  and 
which  afford  useful  guides  in  understanding 
the  pathology  of  that  period  of  existence. 

PHYSIOLOGICAL  ANATOMY,  see  Ana- 
tomy—  p.  Doctrine,  Broussaism. 

PHY^IOLOGICE.  Physiology. 

PHYSIOL'OGY,  Physiolog"ia,  Biology, 
Biot'ics,  Biophsenomenolog"  ia,  Pkysiolog"tcB, 
(Econom'ia  anima'lis,  Anatom'ia  viva,  Anat'omi 
anima'ta,  Anthropolog"  ia,  Microcosmogra'phiaf 
Micro  cos'  mica,  scien'tia,  CognW'io  pkysiolog"icaf 
Pars  natura'Iis  medici'nx,  Philosoph'ia  corporis 
rivi;  from  4)l«-i;,  'nature,'  and  \oyug,  'a descrip- 
tion.' Formerly,  Physiology  meant  the  same, 
as  Physics,  in  its  extensive  signification,  now 
does.  At  the  present  day,  it  includes  the  sci- 
ence which  treats  of  the  functions  of  animals 
or  vegetables;  an  acquaintance  with  the  pheno- 
mena the  aggregate  of  which  constitute  life. 
It  is  the  science  of  life.  It  is  divided  into  ani- 
mal or  vegetable,  according  as  it  considers  the 
life  of  animals  or  of  vegetables  singly.  Com- 
parative Physiology  comprises  both.  Physiolo- 
gy is,  also,  general  or  special,  according  as  it 
treats  of  life  in  the  abstract  or  in  some  particu- 
lar species.  To  the  latter  belongs  the  Physio* 
logy  of  Man, — called  also,  Hygienic  Physiology, 
to  distinguish  it  from  Pathological  Physiology 
or  Pathology. 

PHYSIONOMIA,  Physiognomy. 

PHYSWNOMIE  £GAR£E,  see  Wild. 

PHYSIS,  Sex. 

PHYSOCE'LE,  Pneumatocele,  Hernia  vrnto- 
sa ;  Oscheoce'/e  flatulen'ta,  Emphysema  Scroti, 
from  <pu5-«o),  'I  insufflate,'  and  x»/*»/>  'a  tumour.' 
An  emphysematous  tumour  of  the  scrotum;  pro- 
bably a  case  of  intestinal  hernia,  containing 
much  flatus. 

PHYSOCEPH'ALUS,  from  <pt.irac.), 'I  inflate,' 
and  xupah],  'the  head.'  Physcoceph'alus.  Em- 
physematous tumefaction  of  the  head. 

PHYSOCOELIA,  Tympanites. 

PHYSOME'TRA,  Emphyse'ma  Uteri,  Hyste- 
roph'ysS,  Hi/steropsoph'ia,  Emphyse'ma  uteri- 
num, Infla'tio  Uteri,  Tym' party  of  the  Womb, 
Uterine  tympanites,  from  <pviuv>,  'I  inflate.'  and 
i(jjTpa,'the  womb.'  A  light,  tense,  circumscri- 
bed protuberance  in  the  hypogastrinm, obscurely 
sonorous. — with  wind  occasionally  discharged 
through  the  os  uteri. 

PHYSON,  Flatulence. 

PHYSONCUS.  Emphysema. 

PHYSOSPASMUS,  Colica  flatulenta. 

PHYSOTHORAX,  Pneumothorax. 
PHYTOALOPECIA,  Porrigo  decalvans. 


PHYTOLACCA  DECANDRA 


579 


PIGNUT 


PHYTOLACCA  DECANDRA,  Poke  Weed, 
Amrr'uan  Night  Simile,  Cancer  root.  Poke,  Shake, 
Jucato  Caleloe,  (?)  Jalap,  Pigeon  Berries,  Jalap 
cancer  root,  Sold  nam  racemo'sum  America'  nam, 
&.  magnum  Virginia' num  rubrum,  Blitum  Ameri- 
cafnum,  (F.)  Raisin  d'Amtrique,  Pkytolaque  a  dix 
r /amines,  More/le  en  grappes,  Meckoachan  du 
Canada.  Family,  Chenopudeas.  Sex.  Syst.  Be- 
enndria  Decagynia.  The  leaves,  berries,  and 
roots  are  employed.  The  young  stems,  when 
boiled,  are  sometimes  eaten  at  table;  but  when 
old,  they  must  be  cautiously  used,  as  the  plant 
is  emetic  and  cathartic.  It  is  most  celebrated 
as  a  remedy  in  chronic  rheumatism;  and  is 
given  in  the  form  of  tincture  of  the  ripe  ber- 
ries. It  is,  also,  used  in  cutaneous  eruptions; 
tinea  capitis,  itch,  cancerous  ulcers,  &,c. 

The  root  is  gathered  and  dried  in  the  fall. 

PHYTOLAQUE  J  DIX  ETAMWES,  Phy- 
tolacca decandra. 

PHYTOLOGIA  MEDICA,  Botany, medical. 

PHYTOTOMY,  see  Anatomy,  (vegetable.) 

PHYTOZOON,  Zoophyte. 

PIA  MATER,  Pie  sen  mollis  seu  tcn'uis  Ma- 
ter, Meninx  interior,  Mcninx  choral' des,  Inner 
lam'ina  of  the  Mdmngine,  (Ch.,)  Membra' navas- 
cvlo'sa  Cc/ebri,  (F.)  Pie  mere,  Mcnin  getle.  The 
pia  mater  is  a  very  delicate  membrane,  which 
covers  the  brain  immediately,  penetrates  into 
its  anfracluosities,  and  envelops,  also,  the  ce- 
rebellum and  the  spinal  prolongation,  &c.  Bi- 
chat  does  not  regard  it  as  a  membrane,  proper- 
ly so  called,  but  as  a  net-work  of  blood-vessels, 
united  by  a  lax  cellular  tissue.  The  Pia  Mater 
exterior  is  the  portion  of  membrane  which  co- 
vers the  exterior  of  the  encephalon,  and  faces 
the  arachnoid  externally.  The  Pia  Mater  in- 
terior is  that  which  lines  the  cerebral  fossa? ; 
into  which  it  penetrates  by  a  cleft  situate  be- 
neath the  posterior  part  of  the  corpus  callosum 
and  the  fornix;  and  by  two  other  fissures,  situ- 
ate between  the  corpora  fimbriata  and  thalami 
nervorum  opticorum.  The  pia  mater  contains 
a  great  number  of  granulations,  similar  to  the 
Glandulse  Pacchioni. 

Pia  Mater  Testis,  Tunica  vasculosa. 

PI  AN,  Frambcesia. 

PIANS,  MOTHER  OF,  Mama-pian. 

PIAR,  Pinguedo. 

PIARH^'MIA;  from  ma.Q,  4fat,'  and  'ary.z, 
'blood.'     Fat  in  the  blood. — Simon. 

PICA,  Malacia — p.  Africanorum,  Chthono- 
phaofia. 

PICAC.  Euphorbia  corollata. 

PICACiSMUS,  Malacia. 

PICATIO,  Malacia. 

PICE  A,  Pinus  abies. 

PICERION,  Butter. 

PICHURIM  BEANS.  The  seed  of  a  tree  not 
determined,  which  grows  in  Brazil,  Guiana, 
Venezuela,  and  other  parts  of  South  America 
They  are  of  an  elliptical  shape;  flat  on  one  side, 
convex  on  the  other;  of  an  aromatic  odour  be- 
tween that  of  nutmegs  and  sassafras,  and  of  a 
spicy  pungent  taste.  The  medical  properties 
are  the  same  as  those  of  other  aromatics. 

PICKERELWEED,  SHOVEL,  llnisema  del- 
tifolia. 

PICOTE.  Variola. 

PICOTEMENT,  Pricking 

PICR^EMA  EXCELSA,  Quassia. 

PICRIA,  Bitterness. 

PICRIUM  SPICATUM,  Coutoubea  alba. 


PICROCHOLOS,  Bilious. 

PI'CROMEL,  Bilin;  from  nixoog,  'bitter,' 
and  uiXt,  'honey.'  A  name  given  by  Thenard 
to  acolourless,  soft  substance,  of  an  acrid,  bitter, 
saccharine  taste,  and  nauseous  smell,  and  very 
soluble  in  water. 

It  forms  part  of  the  bile,  and  is  classed  amongst 
the  animal  immediate  principles. 

P1CROS,  Amarus. 

PICROTOX'INE,  Picrotoxi'na,  Plcrotox'in, 
from  TitxQog,  'bitter,'  and  tc^osv,  'poison.'  A 
vegetable  alkali,  discovered  by  M.  Boullay  in 
the  Menispermum  Coccuhis.  It  crystallizes  in 
quadrangular,  white,  brilliant,  semitransparent 
prisms;  which  are  excessively  bitter,  soluble 
in  three  parts  of  alcohol,  and  in  fifteen  of  boil- 
ing water. 

The  Cocculus  Indicus  owes  its  poisonous  pro- 
perties to  this  principle. 

PIE  MERE,  Pia  mater. 

PIE-MIlRITE,  Infarnma'tio  pise  matris.  A 
miserably  compounded  term,  employed  by  M. 
Grisolle,  to  express  inflammation  of  the  pia 
mater: — from  (F.)  pie  mere,  'the  pia  mater,'  and 
(F.)  ite,itis;  a  termination  denoting  inflammation. 

PIECE,  Plepatitis. 

PIED,  Pes — p.  d' Alexandre,  Anthemis  pyre- 
thrum — p.  d'Alouette  des  champs,  Delphinium 
consolida — p.  Bot,  see  Kyllosis — p  de  Chat, 
Antennaria  dioica — p.  de  Cheval  marin,  Cornu 
ammonis — p.  de  Griffon,  Gryphius  pes,  Helle- 
borus  fcetidus — p.  de  Lion,  Alchemilla — p.  de 
Lit,  Origanum — p.  d'Ours,  Acanthus  mollis—/?. 
Plat,  see  Kyllosis — p.  de  Veau,  Arum  macula- 
tum — p.  de  Veau  Triphylle,  Arum  Iriphvllum. 

P1EIRON,  Pinguedo. 

PIERRE,  Calculus-7;.  d'Aigle,  ^Etites— p. 
d'Azur,  Lapis  lazuli — p.  Calaminuire,  Calamine 
— p.  a  Cautere,  Potassa  cum  calce — ;;.  Infcrnale, 
Argenti  nitras — p.  Judaique,  Judsus,  (lapis)  — 
p. Medicamenteuse,Medicameniosus  lapis — p.Ne- 
phrctique,  Nephreticus  lapis — p.  Ponce,  Pnmex. 

PIERRES  CRAYEUSES,  Calculi,  arthritic 
— p.  au  Fid,  Calculi,  biliary — p.Stercorales,  Cal- 
culus of  the  Stomach  and  intestines — p.  Uri- 
naires,  Calculi  urinary. 

PIESTER,  Press. 

PIESTERION,  Press. 

PIESTRON,  from  nut®,  '1  press.'  An  in- 
strument recommended  by  Hippocrates  for 
breaking  the  bones  of  the  fcetal  head,  when  too 
large  to  be  extracted  otherwise. 

PIGAMOJV  JAUKAtRE,  Thalictron. 

PIGEON  BERRIES,  Phytolacca  decandra— 
p.  Tree,  Aralia  spinosa. 

PIGMEN'TAL;  from  pigmentum,  'paint.' 
Having  relation  to  pigment  or  colouring  matter. 

Pigmental  Appara'tus,  (F.)  Appareil  pig- 
mental. The  apparatus  concerned  in  the  colo- 
ration of  the  skin  of  the  coloured  varieties  of 
man. — Flourens. 

ITGMENTARIUS,  Apothecary,  Unguenta- 
rius. 

PIGMENTUM,  Paint— p.  Indicum,  Indigo— 
p.  Nigrum,  see  Choroid — p.  Uracu,  Terra  Or- 
leana. 

PIGjYEROLE,  Centaurea  calcitrapa. 

PIGNOjY  DE  BARBARIE,  Jatropha  curcas 
— p.  d'Inde.  Jatropha  curcas. 

PIGNUT,  Earthnut,  Groundnut.  The  bul- 
bous root  of  Bunium  Bnlbocas'tanum.  Called 
pignuts  from  the  fondness  of  the  pig  for  them. 
They  have  been  considered  to  possess  a  styptic 


PIGNUT 


550 


PILULA 


quality;  and  are  deemed  serviceable  in  atonic 
affections  of  the  kidney. — Hooper. 

Pignut,  Bunium  bulbocastanum. 

PIG'S  FLARE,  Adeps  suilla. 

P1LA,  Sphacra,  Ball.  A  gymnastic  exercise, 
much  used  by  the  ancients  as  well  as  moderns. 
— Galen.     Also,  a  mortar  and  a  pestle.    Ac'one. 

Pila,  Mortar,  Pillar— p.  Damarum,  iEgagro- 
phila — p.  Rupicaprarum,  iEgagrophila. 

Pila  Mari'na,  Sphsera  Marina,  Sphxra  Tha- 
las'sia,  Halcyo'nium  rotun'dum,  (F.)  Pelote  de 
Mer.  Certain  light,  round,  depressed,  or  oblong 
masses— inodorous  and  insipid — in  which  rushes, 
hairs,  and  the  debris  of  shells  are  met  with 
These  are  found  on  the  sea-shores,  and  have 
been  regarded  by  Spielmann  as  consisting  chiefly 
of  the  roots  of  the  Zostcra  Marina.  Iodine  is 
detected  in  the  ashes,  which  accounts  for  their 
success  in  goitre.  They  have,  also,  been  given 
as  a  vermifuge. 

PILARE  MALUM,  Trichosis. 

PILA'TIO,  from  pilus,  'a  hair.'  Fracture  of 
the  cranium  in  which  the  fissure  is  narrow, 
and  has  the  appearance  of  a  hair  —  a  cttp'illary 
fissure,  (F.)  Fente  capillaire. 

PILEOLUM,  Calotte. 

PILEOLUS.Caul,  Pileus. 

PI'  LEO  U  S,  Pilo'sus,  (F.)  Pileux.  That  which 
relates  to  the  hair. 

Pileous  System  of  Bichat  is  that  formed  by 
the  hair.  It  comprises  the  different  species  of 
hair  of  the  human  body. 

PILES,  BLUVD,  Caecae  hoemorrhoides. 

PILEUS,  'a  hat,  cap  or  bonnet  for  the  head.' 
Pile'ohis.  A  shield.  A  nipple-like  instrument, 
formed  of  various  materials,  and  used  by  fe- 
males for  protecting  the  nipple  during  the  child's 
suckinc,  when  the  part  is  painful.  Also,  a  Caul, 
(q.  VO 

Pii.eus,  Cucupha — p.  Hippocraticus,  Bonnet 
d'Hippocrate. 

PILEUX,  Pileous. 

PILE  WORT,  Ranunculus  acris,  and  R.  ficaria. 

PIL1ER,  Pillar. 

PILIMICTIO,  see  Trichiasis. 

PILL  OF  ALOES  AND  GAMBOGE,  Pilule 
aloes  et  cambogiae — p.  of  Aloes  and  cinchona,  Pi- 
lule aloes  et  kinae  kinae — p.  of  Aloes  and  colo- 
cynth,  Pilulae  aloes  et  colocynthidis— p.  of  Aloes 
and  fetid  gums,  Pilulae  de  aloe  et  foetidis — p.  of 
Aloes  and  ginger,  Pilulae  aloes  et  zingiberis — p. 
Aloes  and  myrrh,  Pilulae  aloes  et  myrrhae — p. 
Aloetic,  Pilulae  aloeticae — p.  Aloelic  and  asaloe- 
lida,  Pilulae  aloes  et  asafaetidae — p.  Aloetic,  com- 
pound, Pilulae  aloes  compositae— p.  of  Ammoniu- 
ret  of  copper,  Pilulae  ammoniureti  cupri — p. 
Analeptic,  James's,  see  Analeptica — p.  Ander- 
son's, see  Pilules  de  aloe  et  foetidis — p.  Anodyne, 
Pilulae  opiatae — p.  Antibilious,  Barclay's,  Pilulae 
antibiliosae — p.  Antibilious,  Dixon's,  see  Pilulae 
antibiliosae — p.  Bacher's,  Pilulae  ex  helleboro  et 
myrrha — p.  Barbarossa's,  Barbarossae  pilulae. 

Pill,  Blaud's.  These  pills,  proposed  by  M. 
Blaud  as  antichlorotic,  are  formed  as  follows: 
Take  of  Gum  Tragacantli,  in  powder,  six  grains; 
water,  one  drachm.  Macerate  in  a  glass  or  por- 
celain mortar,  until  a  thick  mucilage  is  formed, 
and  if  it  be  desired  to  prevent  the  formation  of 
peroxide  of  iron,  and  to  make  the  pills  similar 
to  those  of  Vallet,  substitute  a  drachm  of  pow- 
dered sugar  for  the  mucilage.  Add  afterwards 
of  sulphate  of  iron,  in  powder,  half  an  ounce. 


Beat  well  until  the  mixture  is  homogeneous, 
and  add  sub  carbonate  of  potass,  half  an  ounce. 
Beat  until  the  mass  becomes  of  a  deep  green 
colour,  and  of  a  soft  consistence.  Divide  into 
48  pills.  Dose,  one  a  day;  gradually  increasing 
to  two,  and  afterwards  three. 

Pill,  Blue,  Pilulae  hydrargyri — p.  Calomel, 
Pilulae  hydrargyri  chloridi  mitis—  p.  Gamboge, 
Pilulae  cambogi3S  compos. — p.  Gamboge,  com- 
pound, Pilulae  cambogiae  aloeticoe — p.  of  Carbo- 
nate of  iron,  Pilulae  ferri  carbonatis*—  p.  Cathar- 
tic, compound,  Pilulae  catharticae  compositoe — 
p.  Common,  Pilulae  aloes  et  myrrhu\ 

Pill,  Everlasting.  A  pill  once  in  vogue, 
and  said  to  be  composed  of  metallic  antimony. 
It  was  believed  to  have  the  property  of  purging 
as  often  as  it  was  swallowed. 

Pill,  Female,  Pilulae  de  aloe  et  foetidis— p. 
Ferruginous,  of  Vallet.  see  Ferri  Protocarbonas 

—  p.  Fothergill's,  see  Pilulae  aloes  et  colocynthi- 
dis— p.  Galbanurn,  compound,  Pilulae  galbani 
compositse — p.  Gum,  Pilulae  galbani  compositae 
— p.  of  Hellebore  and  myrrh,  Pilulae  ex  helle- 
boro  et  myrrha — p.  Hooper's,  see  Pilulae  aloes 
et  myrrhae — p.  Keyser's,  see  Hydrargyria  ace- 
tatus — p.  Lady  Crespigny's,  Pilulae  aloes  et 
kinae  kinae. 

Pill,  Lartigues,  Pilulae  ColchicietDigitu'lis 
(Ext.  Coloc.  c-  5Jss:  Ext.  Sent.  Colcliic.  alcoholic, 
Extract.  Digital,  alcohol,  aa  gr.  iss:  f.  massa  in 
pilul.  x  dividend.)  Dose,  two,  three  or  more 
in  the  24  hours  in  gout. 

Pill  Machine,  Pilulicr — p.  Mathews's,  see 
Pilulae  ex  helleboro  et  myrrha — p.  Mercurial, 
Pilulae  hydrargyri — p.  of  mild  chloride  of  Mer- 
cury, Pilulae  hydrargyri  chloridi  mitis — p.  Mose- 
ley's,  Pilulae  rhej  compositae — p.  Night,  common, 
Pilulae  opiatae  —  p.  Opiate,  Pilulae  opiatae  —  p. 
Peter's,  see  Pilulae  aloes  et  cambogiae — p.  Plum- 
mer's,  Pilulae  hydrargyri  submuriatis  composilae 
— p.  of  Sulphate  of  Quinia,  Pilulae  quiniae  sul- 
phatis — p.  Red,  Pilulae  hydrargyri  submuriatis 
composilae — p.  Red,  Boerhaave's,  see  Hydrargyri 
sulphurelum  rubrum — p.  of  Rhubarb.  Pilulae 
Rhej  —  p.  Rhubarb,  compound,  Pilulae  rhei 
compositae — p.  Rufus's,  Pilulae  aloes  et  myrrhae 

—  p.  Scotch,  Pilulae  de  aloe  et  foetidis — p.  of 
Soap  and  opium,  Pilulae  saponis  cum  opio — p. 
Speediman's,  see  Pilulae  aloes  et  myrrhae — p. 
Squill,  compound,  Pilulae  scillae  compositae— p. 
Starkey's,  see  Pilulae  ex  helleboro  et  myrrha — 
p.  Storax,  Pilulae  e  styrace — p.  of  Strychnia, 
Pilulae  strychniae — p.  of  Submuriate  of  mercu- 
ry, compound,  Pilulae  hydrargyri  submuriatis 
compositae — p.  Turpentine,  Pilulae  de  terebin- 
th i  mi — p.  Vallet's,  see  Ferri  protocarbonas  and 
Pilulae  ferri  carbonatis — p.  Webster's,  Pilules 
aloes  et  kinae  kinae. 

PILLAR,  Pik,  Colum'na,  Columella,  (F.) 
n/iir.  A  name  given  to  several  parts;  as  the 
pillars  of  the  velum  palali,  diaphragm,  (q.  v.) 

PILON,  Pilum. 

PILOSELLA,  Hieracium  pilosella. 

PILOSUS,  Pileous. 

PIL'ULA,  Plural,  PILUL.E.  Diminutive  of 
pila,  'a  ball:'  Sphasrid'ion,  Catapo'tion,  Splisf- 
Hon,  Gongyl'ion,  (F.)  Pilule.  A  simple  or  com- 
pound medicine,  weighing  from  one  to  five 
grains,  of  a  firm  consistence  and  spherical  form ; 
intended  to  be  swallowed  at  once,  without 
chewing.  The  Fill  differs  from  the  Bulus,  in 
the  latter  being  softer  and  larger. 


PILULE  EX  ALOE 


681    PILULE  CATHARTICS  COMPOSITE 


Medicines  are  often  given  in  the  form  of  pill, 
on  account  of  their  disagreeable  taste  and  odour. 
Pilula,  also,  means  a  Pilular  mass. 

PILULSE  EX  ALOE,  P.  aloes  Composite— 
p.  de  Aloe  et  cambogia,  P.  aloes  et  cambogiaj. 

PILULE  AloeticjE,  Pilulx  ex  Aloe  et  Sapo'ne, 
Moetic  Pill.  (F.)  Pilules  a" aloes  ou  aloitiques. 
{Aloes  in  pulv.;  saponis,  sing,  gj,  syr.  q.  s.  to 
form  240  pills.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Dose,  gr.  x.  to  xx 
in  habitual  costiveness. 

Pilule  Aloes  et  Asaf(e'tid.e,  Aloetic  and 
Asafatida  Pills.  (Aloes,-  §ss,  asnfatidx,  saponis, 
BmS-  3SS'  mucilag.  acacix,  q.  s.  to  form  180  pills. 
Ph.  U.  S.)  Purgative  and  stomachic.  Dose, 
gr.  x. 

Pilulse  Aloes  et  Cambo'gi^e,  P.  de  Alol  et 
Cambo'gid,  P.  Hydragogx  Bontii,  Pill  of  Moes 
and  Camboge.  (Aloes,  cambog.,  gum.  ammoniac, 
aa  p.  te.  Make  into  a  powder.  Dissolve  in  vi- 
negar; pass  through  a  cloth;  express  the  resi- 
duum strongly;  and  afterwards  evaporate,  in  a 
water  bath,  to  a  pilular  consistence.  Ph.  P.) 
Purgative:  used  in  dropsy.     Dose,  gr.  xij  to  xxx. 

Peter's  Pills — a  nostrum — are  formed  of  aloes, 
jalap,  scammony,  and  camboge,  of  each  equal  parts. 

Pilule  Aloes  et  Colocyn'thidis,  P.  ex  Co- 
locynthide  aim  aloe,  P.  Aloes  cum  Colocynthide , 
P.  coccinse,  P.  cocchii,  P.  colocyn'thidis  compos' - 
itse,  P.  coccice  mino'res,  Pill  of  aloes  and  Colo- 
cynth.  (Pulp,  coloc.  gss,  aloes  hepat.,  scammon., 
aa  §j)  sapon.  ^ij,  ol.  caryoph.  gj,  syrup,  q.  s.  Ph. 
D.)  Cathartic.     Dose,  gr.  v.  to  x  or  more. 

Foth'ergill's  Pills  consist  of  aloes,  scammony, 
colocynth,  and  ox7.de  of  antimony. 

Pilule  Aloes  Compos'itje,  Pilulse  ex  Aloe, 
Compound  Moetic  Pills.  (Aloes  spic.  extract, 
cont.  gj,  ext.  gentiana  §ss,  olei  carui  gtt.  xl.  syr. 
q.  s.  Ph.  L.)  These  are  sometimes,  also,  called 
Family  pills,  Antibilious  pills,  &c. 

Pilulse  de  Aloe  et  Fo/tidis,  P.  Benedic'ta 
Fuller i,  Pill  of  aloes  and  fetid  gums ;  Pilulse 
ecphrac'tica,  Female  pills,  Pilulse  aloes  martia'les. 
(F.)  Pilules  bcnitr.s  de  Fuller.  (Aloes  socotr., 
senna:,  asafatida,  galbani,  aa  ^ij,  myrrh,  giv, 
croci,  macis,  aa  sjj,  ferri  sulphat.  3iss.  Reduce 
to  powder  separately,  and  add  ol.  succin.  gtt.  viij, 
syr.  artemisix  (q.  s.)  Ph.  P.)  Purgative,  and 
given  in  hysteria.     Dose,  gr.  xv  to  xx. 

Pilule  Aloes  et  Jalap'jE,  commonly  called 
Anderson  s  Pills,  Anderson's  Scots'  Pills,  Scotch 
Pills.  (Aloes  Barbad.  Ibj,  rad.  helleb.  nigr.,  rad. 
jalapx,  potassa  subcarb.,  aa  £j,  ol.  anisi  sjiv, 
syrup,  simpl.  q.  s. — Gray.)     Dose,  gr.  x.  to  xxx. 

A  committee  of  the  Philadelphia  College  of 
Pharmacy  recommend  the  following;  Aloes 
Burl/adens.  gxxiv,  Saponis,  5iv,  Colacynthid. 
3J,  Gambogia,  gj,  Ol.  anis.  f.  5ss. 

Pilule  Aloes  et  Kin^e  Kikje,  P.  stomach'- 
tea,  P .  ante,  cibum ,-  Pill,  of  Aloes  and  Cinchona. 
(F.)  Pilules  Gourmandes.  (Aloes  socotr.  gvj, 
ext.  cinchon,  giij,  cinnam.  gj,  syrup,  absinth,  q.  s. 
Ph.  P.)  Stomachic  and  laxative.  Dose,  gr.  x. 
to  XX. 

Lady  Crespigny's  Pills,  Lndy  Webster's  Pills, 
and  the  Pilutac  Stomachica  Mesues,  Ph.  L.  1635, 
resemble  these. 

Pilclve  Aloes  Martiales,  P.  de  Aloe  et  foe- 
lidis. 

Prvazx  Aloes  et  Myrrh.*:,  P.  Aloes  cum 
Myrrha,  P.  de  Aloe  et  Myrrha,  Rnfus's  Pills, 
Common  Pills,  Pilula  Ruji,  P.  Commu'nes,  Pills 
of  Aloes  and  Myrrh.  (Aloes  gij,  croci  in  pulv. 
gss,  myrrh,  §j,  Syr.  q.  s.  to  form  480  pills.     Ph.  | 


U.S.)  Cathartic  and  emmenagogue.    Dose,gr, 
x.  to  xx. 

Hooper's  Pills,  according  to  one  of  Gray's  for- 
mula, are  made  as  follows.  Ferri  Sulph.,  aqua, 
aa3;viij:  dissolve.  Add  Aloes  Barbad.  Ibij  and 
§viij,  canella  alba,  §vj,  gum  myrrh,  gij,  opopa- 
nacisgw. 

The  Committee  of  the  Philadelphia  College 
of  Pharmacy  recommend  the  following  form. 
Aloes  Barbad ensis^vu],  Ferri  Sulphatis  nxsiccat., 
5ij,  J^iss,  vel  Ferri  Sulph.  crystall.  §iv,  Ext.  Hel- 
leb. nigr.  §ij,  myrrh.  §ij,  Saponis,  §ij,  Canellse 
in  pulv.  tritse,  §j,  Zingib.  in  pulv.  trita,  §j. 

Speediman's  Pills  consist  of  aloes,  myrrh,  rhu- 
barb, extract  of  chamomile,  and  essential  oil  of 
chamomile. 

Pilule  de  Aloe  et  Sapone,  P.  aloetica?. 

Pilulje  Aloes  cum  Zingib'ere,  Pill  of  aloes 
and  ginger.  (Aloes  hepat.  £),  rad.  zingib.  in 
pulv.  %j,  sapon.  Hispan.  ^ss,  ol.  ess.  menthae  pip. 
^ss.  PA.  D.)  In  habitual  costiveness.  Dose, 
gr.  x  to  xx. 

Pilule  Ammoniure'ti  Cupri,  Pills  of  Ammo- 
niuret  of  Copper,  Pilulse  Cupri.  (F.)  Pilules 
d'ammoniure  de  cuivre.  (Ammoniur.  cupri  in 
pulv.  ten.  trit.  gr.  xvj,  micx  panis  j^iv,  aqux  car- 
bonatis  ammonix  q.  s.  Beat  into  a  mass,  and 
divide  into  xxxij  pills.  Ph.  E.)  Tonic  and 
antispasmodic,  in  epilepsy,  &c.  Dose,  one  pill 
twice  daily;  gradually  increasing  the  dose. 

Pilulje  Ante  Cibum,  P.  aloes  et  kins  kinae. 

Pilule  ANTiBiLio'siE, —  Barclay's  Antibilious 
Pills.  (Extract  of  colocynth  gij,  resin  of  jalap, 
3J,  almond  soap,  giss,  guoiac,  giij.  emetic  tart.  gr. 
viij.  ol.  junip.  ol  carui,  ol.  rosmarin.  aa  g't-  iv, 
syrup  of  buckthorn  q.  s.,  to  form  64  pills.)  Dose, 
2  or  3. 

Dixon's  Antibilious  Pills  are  formed  of  aloes, 
scammony,  rhubarb,  and  tartarised  antimony. 

Pilule  Antiherpetice,  Pilulffi  hydrargyri 
submuriatis  comp. — p.  Antihysterica?,  P.  gal- 
bani composite. 

Pilul.e  Anti-scrophulo's^:,  P.  ex  Oxido  Sti- 
bii  et  Hydrar'gyri  sulphure'to  nigro  compos' itx. 
(P.  scammon.,  hydrurg.  sulphur,  nigr.,  aa  5ij. 
anlimonii  oxidi  albi,  milleped.,  sapon.  amygda/in., 
aa  giij,  extract. glycyrrh.  zv.  Make  into  a  mass. 
Pli.  P.)     Dose  gr.  iv  to  1. 

Pilule  Antispastictc,  P.  galbani  composifa? 
— p.  Asafcetidoe  composite,  P.  galbani  composite. 
PjluLjE  Balsam'jcs:,  P.  Docto'ris  Morton 
(Milleped  pulverisat.  SJxviij,  gum.  ammon.  gxj, 
acid,  benzoic,  ^vj,  croci,  balsam.  Peruv.  aa  gj, 
balsam,  sulph.  anisai.  gvj.  Mix.  Ph.  P.)  Tonic, 
expectorant,  and  balsamic. 

Pilule  Benedict/e  Fulleri,  P.  de  Aloe  et 
foetidis. 

PiniLiE  Cambo'gi^e  Compos'itje,  P.  de  gulta 
gaman'dra,  P.  hydrago'gx,  Gamboge  pills,  Pi- 
lulse gummi  guttx  aloel'icX;  Compound  camboge 
pills.  (F.)  Pilules  de  gomrne  gutte  composees. 
(Cambogix  contritx,  aloes  spicat.  extract,  contriti. 
pulv.  cinnam.  comp.  sing,  ^j,  saponis  gij.  Ph.  L.) 
Cathartic.     Dose,  gr.  x  to  xx. 

Morrison's  Pills  are  said  by  Dr.  Paris  to  be 
nothing  more  than  the  above,  with  the  addition 
of  a  small  portion  of  cream  of  tartar. — Paris. 

Pil'ul;e  Cathar'ticje  Compos'itje,  Com- 
pound cathartic  pills.  (Ext.  colocynth.  comp. 
in  pulv.  §ss;  Ext.  Jalapx,  in  pulv.,  Hydrarg. 
chlorid.  mil.  aa^iij;  Gambog.  in  pulv.  £ij.  M. 
Form  into  a  ma'ss  with  water,  and  make  into 
180  pills— Ph.  U.  S.)    Three  for  a  dose. 


PILUUE  COCCHII 


3s2 


PILUL/E  RHEJ 


Pilule  Cocchii,  P.  aloes  et  colocynthidis— 
p.  Cocciae  minores,  P.  aloes  et  colocynthidis — 
p.  Coccince,  P.  aloes  et  colocynthidis — p.  Col- 
chici  et  digitalis,  P.  Lartigues —  p.  Colocyn- 
thidis composiia;,  P.  aloes  et  colocynthidis— 
p.  ex  Colocynthide  cum  aloe,  P.  aloes  et  colo- 
cynthidis— p.  Communes,  P.  aloes  ct  myrrhse 
— p.  Cupri,  Pilula;  aminoniureti  cupri. 
_  Pilule  Copa'ibe,  Pills  of  Copai.hu.  (Copaib. 
,gij;  magnesix,  recente  prapar.  gj.  Alix,  and 
set  aside  till  it  concretes  into  a  plular  mass,  to 
be  divided  into  200  pills.— Ph.  U.  S.)  Each 
pill  contains  nearly  five  grains  of  copaiba.  Two 
to  six  for  a  dose. 

Pilule  de  Cynoglos'so,  P.  de  extract  to  opii. 
(Pule.  rod.  cynogloss.,  semin.  hyoscyam,  alb., 
extract,  opii  vinos,  aa  giv.  pulv.  myrrh,  gvj,  oli- 
ban.  gv,  croci ,  castor.,  aa  giss,  syrup,  opii  q.  s 
Ph.  P.)  Anodyne.  Jn  cough,  &c.  Dose,  gr. 
iv.  to  gr.  viij. 

Pilule  Depurantes,  P.  hydrargyri  submu- 
riatis  compos. — p.  Ecphracticae,  P.  de  aloe  el 
fcetidis. 

Pilule  Ferri  Carbona'tis,  Pills  of  Carbo- 
nate of  iron,  Valid' s  ferruginous  pills.  (Ferri 
Sulph.Z'w;  Sodx  Caibonat.^v;  Mel.  despumat. 
gijss;  Syrup.,  Aquas  bullientis,  aa  q.  s.  Dissolve 
the  sulphate  of  iron  and  carbonate  of  soda,  each 
in  a  pint  of  the  water,  and  to  each  solution  add 
a  fluidounceof  syrup;  then  mix  the  two  solutions 
in  a  bottle  just  large  enough  to  contain  them; 
close  it  accurately  with  a  stopper,  and  set  il  by, 
that  the  carbonate  of  iron  may  subside.  Pour 
off*  the  liquid,  and  having  washed  the  precipi- 
tate with  warm  water,  sweetened  with  syrup  in 
the  proportion  of  f.  ^j  of  the  latter  to  Oj  of 
the  former,  until  the  washings  no  longer  have 
a  saline  taste,  place  it  upon  a  flannel  cloth,  and 
express  as  much  water  as  possible,  then  mix  it 
with  the  honey.  Lastly,  heat  the  mixture  in  a 
water-bath,  until  it  attains  a  pilular  consistence. 
—Ph.  U.  S.) 

Pilule  Ferri  Composite,  Compound  pills 
of  Iron,  Pilulx  Ferri  cum  myrrha.  (F.)  Pilules 
de  Fer  composees.  (Myrrh  in  pulv.  sjij,  sodx 
subcarb.,  ferri  sulph.,  aa  gj.  Syrup,  q.  s.  Mix. 
to  form  80  pills.— Ph.  U.  iS.)  Tonic.  Dose,  gr. 
x  to  XX. 

Pilule  Ferri  cum  Myrrha,  P.  Ferri  com- 
posite;— p..  Fcetidffi,  P.  galbani  compositse. 

Pilule  Gal'bani  Compos'ite,  P  asajce'tidx 
compos' ilx,  P.fa'tidx,  P.  gummo'sx,  P.  e  gumrni, 
Compound  gal'banum  pill,  Pilulx  antispas'ticx, 
P.  antihysler'icx,  P.  myrrhx  compos' itx,  Gum 
pill.  (Gulban.  myrrhx,  aa  §iss.  asafcetidx  giv, 
syrup,  q.  s.  to  form  480  pills. — Ph.  U.  S.)  An- 
tispasmodic and  emmenagogne.  Dose,  gr.  x  to 
xx. 

Pilule  Gummi,  P.  galbani  composite — p. 
Gumrni  guttse  aloeticffi,  P.  cambogia)  composite 
—  p.  Gummosa;,  P.  galbani  compositoe — p.  de 
Gutta  gamandra,  P.  cambogiaa  composite. 

Pilule  ex  Helleb'oro  et  Myrrha,  P.  to- 
vicx.  Backer's  Pilk,  Tonic  Pills  of  Backer,  Pills 
of  Hellebore  and  Myrrh.  (Ext.  hel/eb.  nig.,  ex- 
trac.  myrrh.,  aa  %},fol.  cardui  benedict.,  in  pulv. 
2iij.  Mix.  Pk.  P.)  Tonic  and  emmenagogue. 
In  dropsical,  cutaneous,  and  verminous  affec- 
tions.    Dose.  gr.  iv.  to  gr.  viij. 

Matthews''  Pills, — Slurlcey's  Pills,  are  formed 
of  rod.  kelltb.  nigr.,  rod,  glycyrrh  ,  sapon.  Cas- 
lill.,  rati,  curcumas,  opii  purif,  syrup,  croci,  a  a 
giv.  ol.tercb.  q.  s.  ut  fiat  massa. — Gray. 


Pilule  Hydragoge,  P.  cambogia?  compo- 
site—p.  Hydragogse  Bontii,  Pilula!  aloes  et  cam- 
bogia;. 

Pilule  Hydrar'gyri,  P.  mercuria'les,  Mer- 
curial pill,  Blue  pill.  (F.)  Pilules  de  Mer  cure. 
(Hydrarg.  purif.  % j.  confect.  rosx  giss.  glycyrrh. 
gss.  Ruu  the  quicksilver  with  the  confection, 
until  the  globules  disappear;  then  add  the  li- 
quorice powder,  and  beat  the  whole  into  a  uni- 
form mass,  to  be  divided  into  480  pills. — Ph.  U. 
S.)  Antisyphilitic;  mercurial: — in  large  doses, 
purgative. 

Pilule  Hydrar'gyri  Chi.o'ridi  Mitis,  Pills 
of  mild  chloride  of  mercury,  Calomel  pills,  (Hy- 
drarg. cklorid  mit.  gss.  acacix,  in  pulv.  gj;  Sy- 
rup, q.  s.  ut  fiant  pit  240.— Ph.  U.  S.)  Each 
pill  contains  one  grain. 

Pilule  de  Hydrargyro,  Scammo'nio  et 
Aloe,  vulgo  Mercuria'les,  (F.)  Pilules  Mer- 
ciiridles  ou  de  Mer  cure,  Scammonee  et  .Hues. 
(Hydrarg.  purif.  gj,  mellis  Sxj.  Rub  until  the 
globules  disappear;  then  add  aloes  Socot.  scam- 
mon.  aa  gij,  macis,  cinnam.,  aa  Jij.  Make  into 
a  mass.  PL  P.)  Uses,  same  as  the  last,  but 
they  are  more  purgative.  Dose,  gr.  viij  to  xxx. 
These  pills  are  nearly  the  same  a3  the  Pastilles 
de  Renaudot. 

Pilule  ex  Hydrargyro  Muriatico  miti 
cum  Sulphure  Stibiato  Atjrantiaco,  Pilula 
hydrargyri  submuriatis  composite. 

Pilule  Hydrargyri  Submuria'tis  Compos- 
ite, Pilulx  ex  Stibio  et  Hydrargyro,  P.  anliher- 
pet'icx,  P.  ex  hydrargyro  murial'ico  miti  cum 
sid'phure  stibia'lo  auriantiaco,  P.  resolvcn'les 
cum  mercurio,  P.  depurantes ,■  Compound  Pills 
of  Submuriate  of  Mercury,  P.  Hydrargyri  Sub- 
muriatis, Calomel  Pilk,  Plummer's  Pills,  Red 
Pill.  (Hydrarg.  submur.,  antimon.  sulphur. 
precipitat.  sing,  gij,  guaiac.  gum  resin,  conlrit, 
sjiv,  spirit,  rect.  gss.  Beat  together.  Ph.  L.) 
Mercurial,  and  reputed  to  be  diaphoretic  and 
alterative.     Dose,  gr.  v  to  x. 

Leake's  Pilula  saluta'ria  resembles  these.  It 
is  used  in  syphilis. 

Pilule  Mercuriales,  P.  hydrargyri,  P.  de 
hydrargyro,  scammonio  et  aloe — p.  Doctoris 
Morton,  P.  balsamicce — p.  Myrrhae  composite, 
P.  Galbani  compositne. 

Pilule  Opia'te,  P.  Theba'ica,  Opiate  Pills, 
Common  Night  Pills,  Anodyne  Pills,  JVepcn'lhes 
opia'tum.  (F.)  Pilules  OpiacAes.  (Opii,  p.  1; 
exl.  glycyrrh.  p.  7;  fruct.  Myrt.  piment.  p.  2. 
Mix.  Ph.  E.)  Five  grains  contain  gr.  sa  of 
opium. 

Pilule  Opii,  P.  saponis  cum  opio — p.  de  Ex- 
tiacto  opii,  P.  de  cynogloss'o — p.  ex  Oxido  slibii 
et  hydrargyri  sulphureto  nigro  composite,  Pi- 
luloe  antiscrophulossc — p.  Resolventes  cum  mer- 
curio, P.  hydrargyri  submuriatis  compos. — p. 
de  Rhabarbaro,  Pilula;  rhei  compositoe. 

The  stomachic  nostrum,  sold  under  the  name 
of  Moscleifs  Pills,  consists  merely  of  rhubarb 
and  ginger. 

Pilul/e  Qui'nie  Sulpha'tis,  Pills  of  sul- 
phate of  Quinia  (Quin.  Sulph.  gj,  aracix,  in 
pulv.  gij,  syrup,  q.  s.  ut  fiant  pilulae  480.  Ph. 
U.  S.)  Each  pill  contains  a  grain  of  the  sul- 
phate of  quinia. 

Pilule  Rhej,  Pills  of  Rkubarb,  (Rhrj,  in 
pulv.  ^vj,  saponis.  zij;  M.  et  fiant  pi  I.  120. 
Ph.  U.  S.)  Each  pill  contains  three  grains  of 
rhubarb. 


PILULE  R11EI  COMPOSITE 


353 


PINCHED 


PiLUU*  Rhei  Compos'itve,  P.  de  Rhabar' buro,  I 
Compound  Rhubarb  Pills.  (Puln.rhci  gj,  pulv.  i 
ofoea  jryj.  myrrh  in  pulv.  giv,  ©Z  menth'sepip.  f. 

^ss.  Beat  into  a  mass,  with  syri/p  of  orange1 
peel,  to  form  240  pills,  Ph.  U.S.)  Laxative  and  ' 
stomachic.     Dose,  gr.  x  to  xx. 

Pilule  Rufi,  P~  aloes  et  myrrhae— p.  Salu- 
tariae,  Leake's,  see  Pilulae  hydrargyri  submu- 
riatis  compositae —  p.  Saponaceaa,  P.  saponis 
cum  opio — p.  Saponis  compositae,  P.  saponis 
cum  onio. 

Pilule  Sapo'nis  cum  O'pio,  P.  sapona'cece, 
Pills  of  Soap  and  Opium,  P.  sapo'nis  Campos' - 
ita,  Pilulae.  Opii.  (F.)  Pilules  de  Savon  et 
$  Opium.  {Opii  §ss.  Sapon.  §ij.  M.— Ph.  U.  S.) 
Five  grains  contain  one  of  opium. 

Pilulje  r.  Scill^:,  P.  scillae  composite. 

Pilule  Scill^:  Compos'itjE,  P.  Scillit'ica, 
r.  Sci/lie  cum  Zinzib'ere,  P.  e  Scilld,  Compound 
Squill  Pill.  (Scillce  in  pulv.  J5J;  zingib-  in 
pulv.;  ammoniac,  in  pulv.  aa  ^ij;  saponis,  giij, 
syrup,  q.  s.  ut  fiant  pil.  120— Ph.  U.  S.)  Dose 
two  pills.  Expectorant  and  diuretic.  Dose, 
gr.  x  to  xx. 

Ph.uljE  Scilld  cum  Zingibere,  P.  scillse 
compositae — p.  Scilliticae,  P.  scillse  composite 
— p.  ex  Stibio  et  hydrargyro,  P.  hydrargyri 
submur.  compos. — p.  Stomachicae,  P.  aloes  et 
kinae  kinae. 

PiLULiE  Strych'ni^,  Pills  of  Strychnia. 
(Very  pure  strychnine,  2  gr.;  conserve  of  roses, 
gss.  Make  into  24  pills.)  One  or  two  for  a 
dose. 

Pilulte  k  Sty'race,  Storctx  Pills.  (Styracis 
pur.  sjiij,  opii  purif.,  mellis,  croci,  sing.  3[j. 
Ph.D.)     Six  grains  contain  one  of  opium. 

Pilulje  de  Terebin'thin^e,  Tur' 'pentine  Pills. 
Made  of  turpentine  boiled  in  3  times  its  weight 
of  water,  until,  when  thrown  into  cold  water, 
it  forms  a  soft  paste.  It  has  the  properties  of 
turpentine,  and  has  been  administered  in  gleet, 
&c. 

PiluLjE  Thebaic.^:,  P.  opiatae — p.  Tonicae, 
P.  ex  Helleboro  et  myrrha. 

PIL'ULAR,  Pilula'ris;  from pilula,  'a  pill.' 
Relating  to  pills, — as  *  a  pi'ular  mass,'  'pilu/ar 
form,'  &lc. 

PILULES.  Pilula? — p.  Agrcgatives,  see  Ag- 
gregate— p.  d' Aloes  ou  aloitiques,  Pilulae  alceticae 
— p.d'Jimmoniure  decuivre,  Pilulae  ammoniureti 
cupri  —  p.  Bcniies  de  Fuller,  Pilulae  de  aloe  et 
fcetidis — p.  defer  composces,  Pilulae  ferri  com- 
positae— p.  Ferrugineuses  de  Val'et,see  Ferri  pro- 
tocarbonas — p.  Gourmandes,  Pilulae  aloes  et 
kinae  kinac — p.  de  Mercure,  Pilulae  hydrargyri  — 
p.  de  Mercure,  &c,  Pilulae  de  hydrarcryro, 
scammonio  et  aloe — p.  Mercurielles,  Pilulae  de 
hydrargyro,  scammonio  et  aloe — p.  Opiacdcs, 
Pilula;  opiatae — p.  de  Savon  et  d'Opium,  Pilula; 
saponis  cum  opio. 

PILVLIER,  (F.)  Pill  machine.  An  instru- 
ment invented  by  the  Germans  for  rolling  and 
dividing  pills.  Also,  the  earthen  pot  in  which 
pills  are  preserved. 

PILUM,  Pistil'lus,  Pistillum,  TTijp'eros,  Cer'- 
cis,  (F.)  Pilon.  A  pestle.  A  wooden,  iron, 
bell-metal,  marble,  agate,  porcelain,  or  glass 
instrument  for  beating  or  dividing  substances 
in  a  mortar. 

P1LUS,  Capillus,  Caul,  Hair. 

PLMELE,  Pinguedo. 

PIMELI'TJS,   from   nifttXtj,   'fat,'    and    itis, 


denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the 
adipous  tissue. 

I'IMELORRIICE'A.  from  v^tlr,,  'fat,'  and 
Qiv),  'I  flow.'  A  morbid  discharge  or  disap- 
pearance of  fat. 

PIMELO'SIS,  from  sti^em;,  'fat.'  Conver- 
sion into  fat,  as  Pimelo'sis  hepat'ica,  'fatty  de- 
generation of  the  liver.' 

Pimelosis  Hepatica,  Adiposis  hepatiea. 

PIMENT,  Capsicum  annuum — p.  Royal,  My- 
rica  gale. 

PIMENTA,  see  Myrtus  pimenta. 

PIMENTJE  BACC^E,  see  Myrtus  pimento. 

PIMENTO,  see  Myrtus  pimenta. 

PJM1ACULA,  Labia  pudendi. 

PIMPERNEL,  BLUE,  Scutellaria  lateriflora 
— p.  Red,  Anagallis — p.  Scarlet,  Anagallis 
arvensis — p.  Water,  Veronica  beccabunga. 

PIMPILIM,  Piper  longuin. 

PlMfLNEL,  ITALIAN,  Sanguisorba  offici- 
nalis. 

PIMFINEL'LA  ANFSUM.  The  Anise  plant. 
Anisum,  Anisum  vu/ga're,  Sola' men  intestino'- 
rum,  Ane'sum,  (F.)  Anis.  Family,  Umbellifene. 
Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria  Digynia.  A  native  of 
Egypt.  The  seeds,  Anisum,  (Ph.  U.  S.)  Sem*- 
ina  Ani'si,  An'iseed,  have  an  aromatic  odour'; 
and  sweetish,  warm,  grateful  taste.  They  are 
carminative;  and  used  in  dyspepsia  and  the 
tormina  of  infants.  Dose,  gr. XV  to  ^j, bruised. 
The  oil, — Oleum  Ani'si,  (F.)  Huile  d'anis — is 
officinal.  Dose,  g".  v.  to  xv.  Most  of  the  oil 
used  in  this  country  under  the  name  of  Oil  of 
Anise  is  said  to  be  obtained  from  Illicium  Ani- 
sutum. 

Pimpinella,  Cheater,  P.  magna — p.  Hircina, 
P.  Saxifraga. 

Pimpinei/la  Magna,  P.  Nigra,-  Greater  Pirn- 
pinel'la,-  Tragoseli'num  ma  jus,  Daucus,  Cy- 
an'opus,  (F.)  Boucage  majeur.  The  root  has 
been  extolled  as  diuretic  and  resolvent,  a3  well 
as  in  erysipelatous  ulcerations,  tinea  capitis, 
rheumatism,  &c. 

Pimpinella  Nigra,  P.  magna. 

Pimpineli.a  Saxif'raga,  Saxifrage,  Burnet 
sax'ifrage,  Pote'rium  sanguisor'ba,  Sorbasiretla, 
Tragoseli'num,  Pimpinel'la  hirci'na,  P.  umbellif- 
cru,  (F.)  Boucage  rnineur,  Petit  B.,  Pimprenelle. 
The  root  has  an  unpleasant  smell,  and  hot,  pun- 
gent bitterish  taste.  It  has  been  recommended 
as  a  stomachic;  and  as  a  stimulating  gargle  in 
paralysis  of  the  tongue. 

Pimpinella  Umbellifera,  P.  saxifraga. 

PIMPLE,  Papula. 

PIMPRENELLE,  Pimpinella  saxifraga— p. 
Noire,  Sanguisorba  officinalis. 

PIN.  Perhaps  from  Pennum,  low  Latin;  or 
from  Spina;  Spina  ferrea,  Acus  capita 'ta,  (F.) 
Epinole.  An  iron  or  brass  instrument,  gene- 
rally of  a  small  size;  pointed  at  one  extremity, 
and  having  a  head  at  the  other.  It  is  used,  in 
Surgery,  to  fix  rollers  and  dressings;  and  oc- 
casionally in  sutures. 

PIN  Jl  P1GNON,  see  Pinus  picea. 

PINASTELLUM,  Peucedanum. 

PINASTER,  Pinus  sylvestris. 

PINC/i,  Pinched. 

P INCE  L I THODRASS1 Q  TIE,  see  Lilhodrassic. 

PINC&E,  Pugillus. 

PINCERS,  Forceps. 

PINCETTES.  Forceps. 

PINCHED,  Contractus,  (F.)  Pincc,-  Grippe. 
An  epithet  applied  to  the  face,  when  the  lea- 


PINCKNEYA  PUBENS 


584 


PINUS  LARIX 


tures  are  contracted  or  shrunken;  as  in  violent 
abdominal  affections,  or  during  intense  pain. 

PINCKNE'YA  PUBENS,  P.  Pubes'cens, 
Georgia  Bark,  Bitter  bark,  Flor'ida  bark,  Fever 
tree.  This  bark  has  been  used  in  Georgia  in  the 
cure  of  intermittents,  and  successfully.  It  is  a 
powerful  bitter.     Dose  of  the  powder,  £j. 

PINDARS,  Arachis  Hypogea. 

PINE  APpLE,  Bromelia  ananas — p.  Apher- 
nousli,  Pinus  cembra — p.  Ground,  Stinking, 
Camphorosma  Monspeliaca — p.  Mountain,  see 
Pinus  mughos — p.  Mugho,  see  Pinus  mughos 
— p.  Stone,  Pinus  pinea — p.  Sugar,  see  Arrow 
Root. 

PINEA,  Pinus  pinea. 

PINF/AL,  Pinea'lis,  from  pinus,  'a  pine.' 
That  which  resembles  a  pine-apple. 

Pineal  Gland,  Glandula  pinea'/is,  Cerebral 
epiph'ysis,  Cona'rium,  Conoi'des  corpus,  Penis 
cer'ebri,  Corpus  turbina'lum,  is  a  small  body,  of 
a  conical  shape;  pale  red  or  grayish  colour; 
and  soft  consistence;  situate  between  the  fornix 
and  the  tubercula  quadrigemina.  It  almost  al- 
ways contains  sabulous  particles.  When  these 
are  grouped  together  over  the  base  of  the 
gland,  they  form  the  Acer' villus  Cer'ebri  of 
Sommering.  From  this  anterior  part  arise  two 
medullary  stria?,  which  proceed  over  the  poste- 
rior commissure;  coast  along  the  optic  thalami, 
and  unite  at  the  anterior  pillar  of  the  fornix. 

The  uses  of  the  pineal  gland  are  unknown. 
Descartes  supposed  it  to  be  the  seat  of  the  soul! 

PINEUS  PURGANS,  Jatropha  curcas. 

PINGUE'DO,  Pim'elS,  Piar,  Pieiron,  Lipos, 
Stear,  Adeps,  Sevum,  Sebum,  Corpus  adipo'  sum, 
Axun'gia,  Fat,  (F.)  Graisse.  A  soft,  white,  ani- 
mal substance;  inodorous;  insipid;  oily;  in- 
flammable, easy  to  melt;  spoiling  in  the  air, 
and  becoming  rancid  by  union  with  oxygen: 
almost  insoluble  in  alcohol;  insoluble  in  water; 
soluble  in  the  fixed  oils.  Fat  is  formed  chiefly  of 
two  immediate  principles,  stearin  and  chin,  to 
which  are,  almost  always,  joined  an  odorous  and 
a  colouring  principle.  It  is  found  in  a  number 
of  animal  tissues,  and  is  very  abundant  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  the  kidneys  and  in  the  epi- 
ploon. It  is  generally  fluid  in  the  cetacea; 
soft  and  of  a  strong  smell  in  the  carnivora ; 
solid,  and  inodorous  in  the  ruminating  animal; 
white,  and  abundant  in  young  animals,  and 
yellowish  in  old.  It  generally  forms  about  a 
20t.h  part  of  the  weight  of  the  human  body. 
The  fat,  considered  physiologically,  has  for  its 
function  to  protect  the  organs;  maintain  their 
temperature;  and  to  serve  for  nutrition  in  case 
of  need;  as  is  observed  in  torpid  animals. 

Pinguedo  Renalis,  Nephridion. 

PINGUIC'ULA  VULGA'RIS,  Sanic'ula 
monta'na,  S.  Eboracen'sis,  Vi'ola  palus'tris,  Do- 
decath'eon  Plin'ii,  Butter-wort,  Yoiksliire  San'- 
icle.  Family,  Personnel.  Sex.  Syst.  Diandria 
Monog-y nia.  The  unctuosity  of  this  plant  has 
caused  it  to  be  applied  to  chaps,  and  as  a  poma- 
tum to  the  hair.  Decoctions  of  the  leaves,  in 
broths,  are  used  by  the  common  people  in  Wales 
as  a  cathartic. 

PINGUIN,  Bromelia  pintruin. 
/  PIN  HONES  INDICI,  Jatropha  curcas. 

PINK,  CAROLINA,  Spigelia  Marilandica. 

Pink  Dye  Stripped  saffloiocr,  gj,  subcarb  of 
potass,  gr.  xviij,  spirit  of  wine  gvij:  digest  for 
two  hours;  add  distilled  water  ^ij:  digest  for 
two  hours  more,  and  add  distilled  vinegar  or 


lemon  juice  q.  s.,to  reduce  it  to  a  fine  rose-colour. 
Used  as  a  cosmetic. 

Pink,  Ground,  Silene  Virginica — p.  Indian, 
Spigelia  Marilandica — p.  Wild,Silene  Virginica. 

PINTMA,  Ala,  Pavilion  of  the  ear — p.  Marina, 

S€*C  JJlSSUS. 

PINNACULUM  FORNICIS  GUTTURALIS, 
Uvula. 

PINNU LA,  Aileron. 

PINUS  ABIES,  Abies  rubra,  A.  excel'sa, 
El' ate  thelei'a,  Pice' a,  Norway  Spruce  Fir,  Yew- 
leaved  Fir.  Nat.  Ord.  Conifers.  Sex.  Syst. 
Moncecia  Monadelphia.  The  tops  are  used  in 
making  Spruce  Beer,  (q.  v.) 

Essence  of  Spruce  is  a  fluid  extract,  prepared 
by  decoction  from  the  twigs  of  this  species  of  fir. 
From  this  is  made  the  Spruce  Beer,  (q.  v.) 

This  fir  affords  t.he  Burgundy  pitch  and  com- 
mon frankincense.  Bur'gundy  Pitch,  White 
pitch,  Fix  Burgun'dica,  Pix  alba,  Resi'na  abid- 
tis  ku'mida,  Resi'na  alba  humida,  Pini  abie'tis 
resina  spontS  concrdta,  Pix  ar'ida,  Pix  abieti'na, 
P.  abietis  (Ph.  U.  S.,)  (F.)  Poix  blanche,  Port 
grasse,  P.  jaune,  P.  de  Bourgogne.  This  pre- 
pared concrete  juice  is  of  a  close  consistence, 
rather  soft,  of  a  reddish  brown  colour,  and  not 
unpleasant  smell.  It  is  very  adhesive  to  the 
skin;  and,  consequently,  forms  excellent  plas- 
ters for  remaining  upon  the  part  for  some  time; 
— as  in  cases  of  affections  of  the  chest.  2. 
Abie'tis  Resi'na,  (Ph.  L.  since  1809.)  Thus, 
Common  Fran'kincense,  Pcrrosin,  Thus  fecmi- 
ni'num,  T.  vulga're,  Olib'anum  vulgare,  Resina 
abietis  sicca,  Resin  of  the  Spruce  Fir.  It  is  solid, 
dry,  brittle;  externally,  brownish-yellow;  in- 
ternally, whitish.  Used  in  plasters  like  the 
last. 

Pinus  Balsajie'a,  A'bies  balsamea.  The  tree 
which  affords  the  Canada  Balsam,  Balsamum 
Canadcn'se,  Resina  strobili'na,  Terebinth' ina  Ca- 
naden'sis,  Pini  balsamea  resi'na  liq'tiida,  Resina 
flu'ida  Canadensis,  Terebinth' ina  balsamea.  Ca- 
nada turpentine  or  Balsam,  Balsam  of  Fir,  (F.) 
Baume  de  Canada  is  one  of  the  purest  turpen- 
tines. It  has  the  common  properties  of  those 
substances. 

Pinus  Canadensis,  Abies  Canaden'sis,  Hem- 
lock spruce.  A  tree,  which  is  abundant  in  Ca- 
nada, Nova  Scotia,  and  the  more  northern  parts 
of  New  England,  and  is  found  in  the  elevated  and 
mountainous  regions  of  the  Middle  States.  The 
pitch — Pix  Canadensis,  Canada  Pitch,  Hemlock 
Pitch — obtained  from  it  is  commonly  known 
under  the  name  Hemlock  gum. 

Pinus  Cembra,  Aphernous' li  Pine.  It  yields 
an  agreeably  scented  turpentine: — the  Carpd- 
thian  Balsam,  Bal'samum  Carpalh'icum,  B.  Lib'- 
ani,  Carpalh'icum,  Briancon  Tu r' pentine.  The 
nuts,  Cembro  nuts,  have  an  eatable  kernel,  and 
yield  oil.  The  shoots  yield  Riga  Balsam  by 
distillation. 

Pinus  Damar'ra,  Ag'athis  Damarra;  grows 
in  the  East  India  Islands.  The  juice  speedily 
concretes  into  a  very  hard  resin, — the  Damarra 
turpentine. 

Pinus  Larix,  Larix.  The  Larch  (F.)  Mcleze. 
From  this  tree  exude  Or'embnrg  gum,  and  Bri'- 
ancon  manna.  It  also  yields,  by  boring,  Com- 
mon Venice  Turpentine,  Resina  Lar'icis,  Terc- 
binthina  Ven'eta,  Pini  Lar'icis  resi'na  li'quida, 
(F.)  Tir'ebenthine  de  Venise,  T.  de  Mitezc.  It  is 
usually  thinner  than  the  other  sorts  of  turpen- 
tine. 


PINUS  MUGHOS 


585    PISCIARELLI,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF 


Pinus  Mdghos.  The  Mountain  or  Mugho 
Pine,  Pinus  Pumil'io.  From  the  extremities 
of  the  branches  exudes  the  Resina  shobili'na 
of  the  Germans,  or  Hungarian  Balsam.  It  is 
also  obtained,  by  expression,  from  the  cones. 
By  distillation,  the  Hungarian  balsam  affords 
the  Krumlwlz  Oil,  Oleum  Templinum. 

Pinus  Palustris,  see  Pinus  sylvestris. 

Pinus  Pice'a,  Ji'bies  pice'a,A.  pectin! 'ata,  Eu- 
ropean Silver  Fir  Tree,  El' all,  Mies,  A.  Gal'lica, 
(F.)  Supin  commun.  By  piercing  the  tuber- 
cles of  the  bark  of  this  fir,  the  Strasburgh  Tur- 
pentine is  obtained: — the  Resina  Mietis,  (Ph. 
L.  before  1809,)  Oleum  Mietis,  Terebinth' ina.lr- 
gentoraten'sis. 

Pinus  Pinaster,  see  P.  sylvestris. 

Pinus  Pi'nea,  Stone  Fine,  Pinea,  Pinus,  P. 
ubcr'rima.  The  nuts,  Zirbelnuts,  Pine  nuts,  (F.) 
Pin  a  pignons,  are  eaten  raw;  or  preserved  like 
almonds.     They  are,  also,  used  in  emulsions. 

Pinus  Pumilio,  see  Pinus  Mughos — p.  Uber- 
rima, Pinus  pinea. 

Pin  us  Syxves'tris,  Pinas'ter,  Peuce,  Scotch 
Fir.  This  pine,  as  well  as  P.  maril'ima  (P.  Pi- 
naster) and  other  species  of  Pinus,  affords  com- 
mon turpentine  and  its  oil,  resin,  tar,  and  pitch. 
1.  Common  Turpentine  of  Europe,  Terebinth' inn, 
T.  vulgaris,  T.  communis,  Resina  pini,  Bijon. 
Horse  Turpentine,  Bordeaux  turpentine,  (F.)  Ttr'e- 
benthinc  de  Bordeaux,  Tercbcnthine  commune,  is 
obtained  by  wounding  the  tree  in  hot  weather. 
It  is  used,  chiefly,  as  a  dressing  for  wounds,  &c. 
in  horses,  and  for  the  distillation  of  the  oil,  (see 
Oleum  Terebinthinae.)  The  white  Turpentine, 
or  common  Turpentine  of  America —  Terebinthina, 
Ph.  U.  S. — is  produced  chiefly  from  Pinus  pa- 
lustris and  P.  txda,  and  perhaps  from  other  spe- 
cies inhabiting  the  Southern  States.  When 
the  oil  is  distilled  with  water,  yellow  resin  or 
Rosin,  Resi'na  (Ph.  U.  S.) — Resina  fiuva — is  left, 
which  is  only  used  in  the  formation  of  oint- 
ments and  plasters:  if  without  the  addition  of 
water,  the  residuum  is  common  resin  or  Colo- 
phony, (q.  v.)  2.  When  the  cold  begins  to 
check,  the  exudation  of  the  common  turpen- 
tine, part  of  it  concretes  in  the  wounds.  This 
is  called,  in  France,  Gallipot,  Barras,-  and  White 
Rosin,  Resina  alba,  when  hardened  after  long 
exposure  to  the  air.  3.  When  the  old  trees  are 
subjected  to  distillation,  in  a  coarse  manner, 
Tar  is  obtained, — Hygropissos,  Pissa,  Pix  ce'- 
dria,  Resi'na  pini  empyreumat'ica  liq'uida  Tere- 
binth'ina  empyreumat'ica,  Alchitram,  Mchitu'ra, 
Ccdriu,  Pix  liquida,  (F.)  Goudron,  Brai  liquide. 
Tar  water,  Mtua  Picea,  Infu'sum  Picis  liq'ui- 
dx  seu  Picis  empyreumaticx  liq'uidx,  Polio 
picea,  (F.)  Eau  de  Goudron,  was,  at  one  time, 
a  fashionable  remedy  in  numerous  complaints, 
and  of  late  its  use  has  been  revived,  since  its 
virtues  have  been  presumed  to  be  owing  to 
creasote.  It  is  employed  chiefly  in  pulmonary 
affections,  and  the  vapour  has  been  recom- 
mended in  phthisis  and  other  diseases  of  the 
lungs.  It  is  used,  externally,  as  a  detergent. 
4.  Common  Pitch,  Pix  nigra,  Black  Pilch,  Bur- 
nca,  Burnia,  Stone  Pitch,  Pix  sicca,  P  air  a,  P. 
nava'lis,  Palimpis'sa,  P.  ar'ida  (Ph.  L.  before 
1800,)  (F.)  Foix  navale,  P.  noire,  is  obtained  by 
inspissating  tar.  It  is  used  only  as  a  resolvent, 
in  plasters. 

Pinus  TjEda,  see  P.  sylvestris. 

PIO.XE,  Picon  ia. 

PIOiNY,  Psonia. 
38 


PIOULQVES,  (F.)  A  kind  of  sucking-pump, 
invented  by  Louis,  for  extracting  water  that 
had  entered  internal  cavities,  in  cases  of  drown- 
ing.    A  useless  instrument. 

PIPEPLANT,  Monotropa  uniflora. 

PIPER,  see  Piper  nigrum — p.  Aromaticum, 
P.  nigrum — p.  Betel,  Betel — p.  Brazilianum, 
Capsicum  annuum — p.  Calecuticum,  Capsicum 
annuum — p.  Caryophyllatum,  see  Myrtus  pi- 
menta — p.  Caudatum,  P.  cubeba — p.  Chiapas, 
see  Myrtus  pimenta. 

Piper  Album,  White  Pepper,  is  black  pepper, 
freed  from  its  cuticle. 

Piper  Angustifoi.ium,  Matico. 

Piper  Cude'ba,  Cubeba,  Com'pcper,  Com- 
peba,  Cubalsini,  Piper  cauda'tum,  Cubeb  Pep- 
per, Tailed  Pepper,  Cuma'mus,  (F.)  Poivre-a- 
queue,  Quabebe.  A  native  of  Java  and  Guinea. 
The  odour  of  these  berries  is  aromatic;  taste  at 
first  cooling,  afterwards  pungent.  The  active 
principle  is  an  essential  oil — Oleum  Cubebx,  oil 
of  cubebs — which  is  officinal  in  the  Pharm.  U. 
S.  The  properties  of  the  cubeb  are  stimulant 
and  purgative.  It  is  used  only  in  gonorrhoea. 
Dose  from  7)j  to  jj,  in  powder,  three  or  four 
times  a  day.  of  the  volatile  oil,  10  or  12  drops. 

'Turkey  yellow  berries,' — the  dried  fruit 
of  the  Rhamnus  Cutharticus — are  often  substi- 
tuted for  cubebs. 

Piper  Guineense,  Capsicum  annuum — p. 
Indicum,  Capsicum  annuum — p.  Jamaicense, 
see  Myrtus  pimenta. 

Piper  Long um,  Macrop'ipcr,  Acapat'li,  Catu- 
trij/ali,  Fim'pilim,  Long  Pepper,  (F.)  Poivre 
long.  As  we  receive  the  berries,  they  consist 
of  the  unripe  fruit,  dried  in  the  sun;  and  are 
small,  round  grains,  disposed  spirally  on  a  cy- 
lindrical receptacle.  They  are  stimulant,  car- 
minative and  tonic,  like  the  other  peppers. 
Dose,  gr.  v  to  £)j. 

Piper  Lusitanicum,  Capsicum  annuum — p. 
Murale,  Sedum. 

Piper  Methisticum,  see  Ava. 

Piper  Nigrum,  Melanopiper,  Molagoco'di, 
Lada,  Piper  aromat'icuru,  Piper  (Ph.  U.  S.) 
Black  Pepper,  (F.)  Poivre  noir.  Black  pepper 
is  the  unripe  fruit,  dried  in  the  sun.  Virtue?, 
same  as  those  of  the  other  peppers. 

Piper  Odoratum  Jamaicense,  see  Myrtus 
pimenta — p.  Tabascum,  see  Myrtus  pimenta — 
p.  Turcicum,  Capsicum  annuum. 

PIPERI'JNA,  Pip'erine,  Piperin.  A  resinoid 
substance,  obtained  from  the  piper  nigrum,  by 
M.  CErstiidt,  in  which  a  part  of  the  virtues  of  the 
pepper  resides.  It  has  been  employed,  like  the 
quinia,  in  intermittents,  and  successfully. 

PI  PP  BRIDGE  BUSH,  see  Oxycantha  Ga- 
leni. 

PIPSISSEWA,Pyrola  umbellata— p.  Spotted, 
Pyrola  maculata — p.  White,  Pyrola  maculata. 

PIQUETti,  see  Sable. 

FIGURE,  Puncture,  Wound,  punctured. 

PISA,  (CLIMATE  OF.)  Pisa  has  long  been 
celebrated  as  one  of  the  most  favourable  cli- 
mates in  Italy  for  the  consumptive.  The  cli- 
mate is  genial,  but  somewhat  oppressive  and 
damp.  It  is  softer  than  that  of  JNice,  but  not 
so  warm;  less  soft,  but  less  oppressive  than  that 
of  Rome. 

PISCIARELLI,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
A  spring  at  Monte  Secco,  in  Italy,  between 
Lake  Agnano  and  Solfatara.  It  is  thermal 
(100°  Fahr.J  sulphureous  and  carbonated,  and 


PISCIDIA    ERYTHRLNA 


5S6 


PITUITARY  MEMBRANE 


is  chiefly  used  in  old  ulcers,  leucorrhcea,  chro- 
nic diarrhoea,  and  in  cutaneous  affections. 

PISCID'IA  ERYTHRl'NA,  Jamaica  Bog- 
wood.  A  small  branching  tree,  common  in  most 
of  the  West  India  Islands, — Diadelphia  Decan- 
dria  of  Linnaeus.  It  is  used  in  the  West  Indies 
to  poison  fish.  It  appears  to  be  an  acro- 
narcotic. 

PISCINA,  Baignoire. 

PIS'IFORM,  Pisiformis,  from  pisum, '  a  pea,' 
and  forma, '  shape.' 

Pisifokme  Os,  Os  lenticula'rS,  Os  Orbicula're, 
Os  extra  or'dinem  carpi,  (F.)  Os  hors  du  rang, 
is  the  fourth  bone  of  the  first  row  of  the  carpus. 
It  is  round,  and  gives  attachment  to  the  tendon 
of  the  cubitalis  anterior,  and  to  the  anterior 
transverse  ligament  of  the  carpus.  It  is  articu- 
lated, behind,  with  the  os  cuneiforme. 
PTSO,  Mortar. 

FISSA,  see  Pinus  sylvestris. 
PISSASPHAL'TUS,  Pissasphal'tum,,  Mineral 
pilch,  from  nt?e*,  '  pitch,' and  aoipalrog,  'bitu- 
men.' (F.)  Poix  minirale.  A  thicker  kind  of 
Petroleum  or  Rock  Oil;  formerly  employed  as  a 
vulnerary.  It  is  synonymous  with  Glu'linous 
bitu'mcn,  Malta  bitu'men,  and  Mineral  tar. 

PISSEL.-E'UM,  Oleum  Pici'num,  from  nieva, 
'  pitch,'  and  eXaiov,  '  oil '  An  oily  matter,  ob- 
tained from  boiling  pitch,  and  used  for  the  same 
purposes  as  tar. 

PisseLjEum  Indicum,  Petroleum. 
P1SSEMENTDE  S.4JYG.  Hoematuria. 
PISSEJ\'LIT,  Leontodon  taraxacum. 
PISSE'RQS,  from  srtcrc-a,  'pitch.'     Ancient 
name  of  a  cerate,  prepared  of  olive  oil,  oil  of roses, 
and  dried  pitch.     It  was,  also,  called   Cera' turn 
pica! turn,  and  C.tctraphar'niacum. — Hippocrates. 
PISSl'TES,  Vinum  pica! turn.    Same  etymon. 
A  wine  prepared  from  tar  and  the  must  of  the 
grape.     It  was  regarded  to  be  stomachic. 
PISSOSIS,  Malacia. 
PISSWEED,  Anthemis  cotula. 
PISTACHIO  NUTS,  see  Arachis  hypogea, 
Pistacia  vera. 

PISTA'CIA  LENTIS'CUS,  Terebin'lhus  len- 
liscus,  Lentiscus  vu/ga'ris,-  the  Mastich  Tree. 
Famil y,  Terebinthacea;.  The  wood  of  this  tree 
abounds  with  the  resinous  principle  of  mastich; 
and  a  tincture,  made  from  it,  has  been  used  in 
the  cure  of  dyspeptic  affections,  gout,  and  dy- 
sentery. It  yields,  by  incision,  the  resin  jtf«,s- 
t.ich,  Resi'na  Lcntisci'na,  Mcrt'frigS,  Mastich e, 
Mustix,  Pislacice  Lentis'ci  Resi'na.  This  resin 
has  an  agreeable  smell,  when  heated;  is  almost 
insipid;  in  globular,  irregular,  yellowish,  semi- 
transparent  masses:  soluble  in  ether;  partially 
so  in  alcohol.  It  is  stimulant,  and  has  been 
used  in  old  coughs,  and  gleet,  and  is  chewed 
to  sweeten  the  breath.  It  is  sometimes,  also, 
employed  to  stop  the  holes  in  carious  teeth. 

Pistacia  Terkbin'thus,  Turpentine  Tree, 
Hab-el-  Kalimbat,  Terebinthus  vulga'ris,  Termin'- 
thos-  The  tree  which  affords  the  Ci/ptus  Tur- 
pentine, Resi'na  Terebin'thi,  Terebinth' inavera,  T. 
Chia,  T.  Cyp'ria,  (F.)  Tcribenthine  de  Chio. 
This  substance  is  classed  amongst  the  resins. 
Itis  procured  by  wounding  the  bark  of  the  trunk. 
The  best  Chio  turpentine  is  of  about  the  con- 
sistence of  honey;  very  tenacious,  clear,  and 
almosi  transparent;  of  a  white  colour,  inclining 
to  yellow,  and  of  a  fragrant  smell;  moderately 
warm  to  the  taste,  but  free  from  acrimony  and 


bitterness.    It  resembles,  in  virtues,  the  other 
turpentines. 

Pistacia  Vera.  Name  of  the  tree  which 
affords  the  JVux  Pistacia.  Pisla'chio  nuts  have 
a  sweetish,  unctuous  taste,  resembling  that  of 
sweet  alrnonds.  Like  these,  they  afford  an  oil, 
and  may  be  formed  into  an  emulsion. 

PISTILLUS,  Filum. 

PISTOLOCHIA,  Aristolochia  pistolochia. 

PISTOR1ENS1S  GLADIUS,  Bistouri. 

PIT  OF  THE  STOMACH,  Fossctle  du  crnur. 

PITA Y  A  BARK.  This  bark  is  preferred  in 
Columbia  to  any  other.  It  contains  a  new  ve- 
getable alkali,  to  which  the  name  Pitayine  has 
been  given. 

PITAYINE,  see  Pitaya  bark. 

PITCAITHLEY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
These  saline  springs  at  Pitcaithley,  about  four 
miles  from  Perth,  Scotland,  contain  chlorides 
of  sodium  and  calcium. 

PITCH,  Colophonia — p.  Black,  see  Pinus 
sylvestris — p.  Burgundy,  see  Pinus  abies — p. 
Canada,  see  Pinus  Canadensis — p.  Common, 
Pinus  sylvestris — p.  Hemlock,  see  Pinus  Ca- 
nadensis—  p.  Jew's,  Asphaltum — p.  Mineral, 
Pissasphaltum — p.  Stone,  see  Pinus  sylvestris 
— p.  White,  see  Pinus  abies. 

P1THYRIASIS,  Pityriasis. 

PITHYRINUS,  Acerosus,  Furfuraceous. 

PITTA'CIUM.  A  pitch  plaster,  from  nmx, 
'  pitch.' 

PITTOSIS,  Malacia. 

PITTOTA.  Medicines  in  which  pitch  is  the 
chief  ingredient 

PITTSBURG,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF, 
A  chalybeate  mineral  spring,  situate  about  four 
miles  S.  W.  of  Pittsburg,  in  Pennsylvania.  It 
contains  chloride  of  sodium,  chloride  of  mag- 
nesium, oxide  of  iron,  sulphate  of  lime,  and 
carbonic  acid. 

PITUITA,  Phlegm — p.  Narinm,  Nasal  mucus. 

PITUTTARY,  PituUa'rius,Pituitolsm,Uomfi- 
tui'ta, '  phlegm.'    A  name  given  to  several  parts. 

Pituitary  Fossa,  Fossa  Pituita'ria.  A  de- 
pression on  the  cerebral  surface  of  the  sphenoid 
bone,  which  lodges  the  pituitary  gland.  It  is 
called,  on  account  of  its  shape,  Sella  Turcica, 
Ephip'pium.  Chaussier  calls'  it  Fossa  supra- 
spheno'ida'lis,  from  its  situation. 

Pitu'itary  Gland,  Glan'dula  Pituito'sa  vel 
pituita'ria,  Gland ti la  basila'ris,  Lacu'na  vel  Ap- 
pcndijula  ccr'ebri,  Hijpoph'ysis  sen  Appindix 
Cerebri,  Pituitary  body.  Corpus pituita'rE; — Ap- 
pendice  sus-sphenoidale  du  cerveau,  (Cl»)  A 
small,  round  body  ;  the  anterior  portion  of  which 
is  of  a  cineritious  yellow  hue,  and  the  posterior, 
which  is  smaller,  is  whitish  and  pulpy.  Its 
functions  are  unknown. 

Pituitary  Membrane,  Schneide'rian  Mem- 
brane, Membra' na  pituita'ria.,  M.  Olfacto'ria  The 
mucous  membrane,  which  lines  the  nasal  fossce, 
and  extends  to  the  different  cavities  communi- 
cating with  the  nose.  In  the  nasal  fossa;,  the 
membrane  appears  formed  of  two  layers,  inti- 
mately united; — the  one,  in  contact  with  the 
bones,  is  fibrous; — the  other  is  free  at  one  sur- 
face. The  latter  is  a  mucous  membrane,  on 
which  papillaj  are  not  easily  distinguishable, 
but  wiiich  contains  them,  as  well  as  a  number 
of  very  small  mucous  follicles,  that  open  into 
the  cavity  of  the  nares.  On  penetrating  the 
maxillary,  frontal,  sphenoidal,  and  ethmoidal 
sinuses,    the    membrane    becomes    very    thin, 


PITU1T0SA 


587 


PLANTAGO  CORONOPUS 


transparent,  less  vascular,  and  seems  reduced 
to  its  mucous  layer.  The  pituitary  membrane 
receives  the  impression  of  smells,  by  means  of 
the  expansions  of  the  olfactory  nerves  upon  it. 
It  is  tlie  seat  of  smell. 

P1TUITOSUS,  Pituitary. 

PITYRIASIS,  from  titvqov,  'bran;'  Lepi- 
do' sis  Pityriasis,  Pityris'ma,  Pithyri'usis,  Herpes 
furf ura' ecus,  H.farino'sus,  Furfura'tio, Dandriff, 
Dandruff,  (F.)  Dartre  furfuracee  volante,~a 
very  superficial  affection;  characterized  by  ir- 
regular patches  of  thin  scales,  which  repeatedly 
exfoliate  and  recur;  but  which  never  form 
crusts,  or  are  accompanied  with  excoriations. 
It  is  not  conlngious.  It  occurs  under  three  or 
four  varieties  of  form. 

Pityriasis,  Porrigo — p.  Nigra,  Melasma — p. 
Versicolor,  Chloasma. 

PITY  RISMA,  Pityriasis. 

P1TYRON,  Furfur. 

PIVOLXE,  Pceonia. 

PIX,  Sperm — p.  Abietina,  see  Pinus  abies — 
p.  Abietis,  see  Pinus  abies — p.  Alba,  see  Pinus 
abies — p.  Anda,  see  Pinus  abies,  and  Pinus  syl- 
vestris — p.  Atra,  see  Pinus  sylvestris — p.Brutia, 
Brutia — p.  Burgundica,.see  Pinus  abies — p.  Ca- 
nadensis, see  Pinus  Canadensis — p.  Cedria,  see 
Pinus  sylvestris — p.  Graeca,  Colophonia — p.  Li- 
quida,  see  Pinus  sylvestris — p.  Navalis,  see 
Pinus  sylvestris — p.  Nigra,  see  Pinus  sylvestris 
—  p.  Sicca,  see  Pinus  sylvestris. 

PLACE'BO,  'I  will  please.'  An  epithet 
given  to  any  medicine,  intended  rather  to  sa- 
tisfy the  patient  than  to  cure  a  disease. 

PLACEN'TA.  A  Latin  word,  signifying  a 
CaUe.  P.  uteri  seu  uteri'na  seu  uteri  car'nea,  He- 
par  uteri'num,  Jecur  uteri' nvm,  Caro  seu  Affu'- 
sio  orbicularis,  Maza.  A  soft,  spongy,  vascular 
bodj',  formed  at  the  surface  of  the  chorion,  ad- 
herent to  the  uterus,  and  connected  with  the  foe- 
tus by  the  umbilical  cord.  It  is  not  in  existence 
during  the  first  period  of  the  embryo  state,  but 
its  formation  commences  perhaps  with  the  arri- 
val of  the  embryo  in  the  uterus.  Its  mode  of  at- 
tachment to  the  uterus  is  a  topic  of  dispute; 
but  it  seems  clear  that  the  main  circulation 
through  it  is  of  the  blood  of  the  foetus.  The 
placenta  is  formed  of  several  lobes  or  cotyledons, 
which  can  be  readily  distinguished  from  each 
other  on  the  uterine  surface;  but  towards  the 
foetal  surface,  are  confounded  into  one  mass. 
It  is  composed  of  the  umbilical  vessels,  cellular 
tissue,  and  whitish,  resisting  filaments,  which 
aretvascular  ramifications  obliterated.  Lym- 
phatic vessels  have  also  been  presumed  to  exist 
in  it;  and  nerves  have  been  traced,  proceeding 
from  the  great  sympathetic  of  the  foetus.  The 
function  of  the  placenta  appears  to  be  like  that 
of  the  lungs  in  the  adult.  It  admits  of  the  blood 
of  the  fa2tus  being  sliown  to  that  of  the  mother, 
and  undergoing  requisite  changes. 

Placenta  Febrilis,  Ague  cake — p.  Oblata, 
P.  praevia — p.  Obvia,  P.  previa. 

Placeh'ta  Previa,  (from  prx,  and  via.)  P. 
obvia,  P.obla'ta.  Presentation  of  the  placenta; 
a  condition  which  gives  rise  to  unavoidable,  lit- 
morrhage  from  tlie  uterus.  The  safety  of  the 
female  depends  upon  speedy  delivery. 

Placenta  Sanguinis,  see  Blood. 

PLACENTITIS,  lnjlamma'tio  placen'tx. 
A  hybrid  word — from  placenta,  and  itis,  a  suffix 
denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the 
placenta. 


PLACEN'TULA,   'a  little  cake.'     A   rudi- 
mental  placenta.     The  placenta  of  an  abortion. 
PLADARO'SIS,  Pludar'otcs,  from    nUadaoo?, 
'soft.'     A  soft  tumour  on  the  eyelid,  unaccom- 
panied with  redness  or  pain. 

PLAFOND    DBS   VEJYTRICULES   DU 
CERVEAU,  Corpus  callosum. 
PLAGA,  Ictus,  Wound. 

PLAGUE,  from  n).rtyri,  plaga,  (a  stroke,' 
Pestis,  P.  orienta'lis,  P.  contagio'su,  Pcstil.cn' da, 
Lues,  Loimos,  Febris  ade'no-nervu'sa,  Lcemos, 
LmrriQp'yra,  Cfiaosda,  Anthra'cia  Pestis,  Febris 
pes'tilens,  Syn'ochus  pestilcntia'  lis,  Typhus  pestis, 
Exanthe'ma  pestis,  the  Pest,  (F.)  Peste,  Typhus 
d'Orient,  Fiecre  du  Livant.  An  eminently  ma- 
lignant disease;  endemic  in  the  Levant;  fre- 
quently epidemic,  and  destroying  at  least  two- 
thirds  of  those  it  attacks.  It  is  a  fever  of  the 
most  aggravated  kind,  with  affection  of  the 
lymphatic  glands  of  the  groin,  or  axillae,  and  car- 
buncles. Its  miasmata — it  has  been  conceived — 
adhere  to  different  organic  textures,  to  woollen 
goods,  clothing,  and  furniture;  and  may  thus 
be  transported  to  a  considerable  distance;  but 
this  is  not  certain.  The  mean  duration  of  the 
disease  is  six  or  seven  days;  some  die  in  twenty- 
four  hours,  others  not  till  ten  or  twelve  days. 
Pathological  anatomy  has  afforded  little  light 
with  respect  to  it.  Various  means  have  been 
used  for  arresting  it,  but  none  have  seemed 
to  be  pre-eminently  distinguished.  The  great 
point  is,  to  watch  the  indications  as  they 
develop  themselves;  and  to  treat  the  case,  in 
general,  like  one  of  typhus  gravior.  It  is  uni- 
versally agreed  that  the  suppuration  of  the 
buboes  should  be  aided  as  far  as  practicable. 
For  preventing  the  importation  and  spread  of 
the  plague,  the  Quarantine  Laws  have  been  in- 
stituted; and  when  the  disease  has  actually  ap- 
peared, a  cordon  sanataire  has  been  drawn  round 
the  infected  district,  so  as  to  prevent  all  com- 
munication. 

Plague,  Cold.  A  severe  form  of  congestive 
fever,  seen  in  the  Southern  States.  Bilious 
pneumonia,  in  which  there  is  no  reaction,  has 
been,  also,  so  called. 

PLAGULA,  Compress,  Pledget,  Splint. 

PLAIE,  Wound — p.  a" Anne  a  feu,  Wound, 
gunshot — p.  d'Arquebusade,  Wound,  gunshot — 
p.  Contuse,  Wound,  contused — p.  Envenimtt, 
Wound,  poisoned — p.  par  Arrachcment,  Wound, 
lacerated—/?,  a  Lainheaux.  see  Lambeau. 

PLANAR1A  LAT1USCULA,  Distoma  he- 
paticum 

PLAKCHER,  (F.)  'floor.'  In  anatomy,  the 
inferior  wall  or  boundary  of  a  cavity. 

PLAJVCHER  DU  CERVEAU,  Tentorium. 

PLANE,  Plexus. 

P  L  A  N  E'T  E  S,  n  X  av  yr  >/  ?,  Errahm'dus,  Erratic. 
An  epithet,  given  to  diseases,  whose  returns 
are  irregular — especially  to  intermittent  fevers. 

PLANIPEDES,  Stecranopodes. 

PLANI1IES  PEDIS,  Sole. 

PLANT  A  PEDIS.Sole— p.  Prima  pedis,  Tarsus. 

PLANTA'GO,  P.  Major,  Centine.r'via,  Arm- 
glos'sam,  Scptiner'via,  Polyneu'ron,  Planta'go 
latifo'lia,  P.  major,  (F.)  Plantain  commun.  Fa 
mily,  Plantaginese.  Sex.Syst.  Tetrandria  Mono- 
gynia.  The  leaves  have  been  said  to  be  re- 
frigerant, attenuant,  substyptic,  and  diuretie. 

Plantago  Coron'opus,  Coronopo'dium,  Cormt 
cervi'num,  Stella  terras,  Plantago,  Bucksftorn, 
Plantain.     Properties  like  the  last. 


PLANTAGO  PSYLLIUM 


588 


PLASTER 


Plantago  Psyl'lium,  Psyllium,  Pulica'ris 
herba,  Crystal' lion,  Cynomoi'a,  Branching  Plan- 
tain, Fleawort,  (F  )  Her  be  aux  puces  commune. 
The  seeds  have  a  nauseous,  mucilaginous  taste, 
and  no  remarkable  smell.  The  decoction  of  the 
seeds  is  recommended  in  hoarseness  and  rough- 
ness of  the  fauces. 

PLANTAIN,  BRANCHING,  Plantago  psyl- 
lium— p.  Buckshorn,  Plantago  coronopus — p. 
Commun,  Plantago— p.  d'Eau,  Alisma  plantago 
— p.  Tree,  Musa  paradisiaca— p.  Water,  Alisma 
plantago,  Unisema  deltifolia. 

PLANTAIRE,  Plantar  muscle— p.  Grele, 
Plantar  muscle. 

PLANTAR,  Planla'ris,  from  planta,  'the 
sole  of  the  foot.'  That  which  relates  or  belongs 
to  the  sole  of  the  foot.  This  name  has  been 
given  to  several  parts, 

Plantar  Aponeurosis.  A  thick,  dense,  re- 
sisting aponeurosis;  of  a  triangular  shape,  and 
superficially  situate,  which  occupies  the  middle 
and  sides  of  the  sole  of  the  foot,  and  furnishes 
insertions  to  several  of  the  muscles  of  the  re- 
gion, either  directly  or  through  the  medium  of 
septa,  which  it  sends  between  them. 

Plantar  Arteries.  These  are  two  in  num- 
ber, and  arise  from  the  extremity  of  the  poste- 
rior tibial  artery.  They  are  distinguished  into: — 
The  internal  plantar  artery,  situate  above  the 
abductor  pollicis  pedis.  It  extends  from  the 
termination  of  the  posterior  tibial  to  the  trunk 
of  one  of  the  collaterals  of  that  toe.  The  exter- 
nal plantar  artery  is  larger  than  the  preceding, 
and  ought  to  be  considered  as  the  termination 
of  the  posterior  or  tibial.  Situate  above  the 
flexor  communis  digitorum  pedis,  it  extends 
from  beneath  the  calcaneum  to  the  posterior 
extremity  of  the  last  metatarsal  space.  When 
it  has  reached  this  part,  it  turns  from  without 
inwards;  advances  towards  the  posterior  extre- 
mity of  the  first  metatarsal  bone,  and  anasto- 
moses with  the  perforating  branch  of  the  dor- 
salis  tarsi.  In  the  first  part  of  its  course,  it 
furnishes  calcaneal,  articular,  muscular,  and 
adipous  branches.  The  second  portion  of  the 
artery  is  called  the  Plantar  Arch  or  C?'oss.  It 
gives  branches  in  all  directions.  The  inferior 
and  posterior  have  received  no  name.  The  su- 
perior— three  in  number — are  the  posterior  per- 
forating arteries.  The  anterior  branches  are 
larger,  and  there  are  commonly  four.  They 
furnish  the  anterior  perforating,  and  the  col- 
laterals of  the  last  four  toes. 

Plantar  Ligaments.  A  name  given  to  the 
inferior  ligaments,  which  unite  the  bones  of 
the  tarsus  and  metatarsus,  to  distinguish  them 
from  the  superior,  called  dorsal. 

Plantar  Muscle,  Planta'ris,  P.  grac"ilis,  Ti- 
bia'lis  gracilis,  Exten'sor  tarsi  minor,  (F.)  Plan- 
tairc.  F  .grele,  Jambier  grele,  Petit femoro-calcanien, 
(Ch.)  A  muscle,  situate  at  the  posterior  part 
of  the  leg.  It  is  long,  thin,  and  narrow.  Above, 
it  is  attached  to  the  posterior  part  of  the  exter- 
nal condyle  of  the  femur:  below,  it  terminates 
by  a  long  tendon,  which  is  attached  to  the  pos- 
terior and  inner  part  of  the  calcaneum.  This 
muscle  extends  the  leg  on  the  foot;  and  con- 
versely. It.  can,  also,  assist  in  the  flexion  of  the 
leer  on  the  thi^h. 

Plantar  Nerves.  These  are  two  in  num- 
ber, and  are  furnished  by  the  termination  of  the 
posterior  tibial  nerve.  They  are  distinguished 
into — 1.  The  internal  plantar  jitrve,  which  ex- 


tends from  the  inferior  part.of  the  tibial  nerve  to 
both  sides  of  the  first  three  toes,  and  the  inner 
side  of  the  fourth.  It  furnishes,  also,  branches 
to  the  abductor  of  the  great  toe;  to  the  short 
flexor  of  the  toes ;  to  the  accessory ;  to  the  short 
flexor  of  the  great  toe,  the  lumbricales,  &c. 
2.  The  external  plantar  nerve  proceeds  from  the 
termination  of  the  posterior  tibial  to  the  poste- 
rior extremity  of  the  5th  metatarsal  bone,  and 
gives  branches  to  the  flexor  brevis  digitorum 
pedis,  the  accessory  and  the  abductor  of  the 
little  toe.  This  trunk  subsequently  divides  into 
two  branches; — the  one — profunda — is  distri- 
buted to  the  short  flexor  of  the  great  toe ;  the  in- 
terosseus  and  abductor  pollicis  pedis:  the  other 
—  svperfxialis  —  sends  filaments  to  the  short 
flexor  of  the  little  toe,  the  two  sides  of  that  toe, 
the  outer  side  of  the  4th,  and  the  last  lumbricalis. 

Plantar  Regions  are  different  regions  of  the 
sole  of  the  foot.  Three  are  generally  reckoned; 
— the  internal,  middle,  and  external. 

Plantar  Veins  follow  a  similar  arrange- 
ment. 

PLANTAPJS  SUPERFICIES  PEDIS,  Sole 
— p.  Verus,  see  Flexor  longus  digitorum  pedis 
profundus  perforans  (accessorius.) 

PLJ3NTE  DU  PIED.  Sole. 

PLANTISOUSPHALANGIENS,  Lumbri- 
cales pedis — p.  Tendino-phalangiens,  Lumbri- 
cales pedis. 

PLANUM,  OS,  from  planus,  'soft,  smooth.' 
The  papyraceous  or  orbitar  plate  of  the  ethmoid 
bone  was,  formerly,  so  called. 

Planum  Pedis,  Sole. 

PLAQUEMINIER  D' EUROPE,  Diospyros 
lotus. 

PLAQUES  LAITEUSES, see  Tachcs laiteuses. 

PLASMA,  Liquor  sanguinis. 

PLASTER,  Emplastrum— p.  Adhesive,  Em- 
plastrum  resince,  Sparadrapum  adhesivum — p. 
Adhesive,  of  pitch  and  resins,  Emplastrum  de 
pice  et  resinis  glutinans — p.  Ammoniacum,  Em- 
plastrum ammoniaci  —  p.  Ammoniacum  with 
mercury,  Emplastrum  ammoniaci  cum  hydrar- 
gyro — p.  Aromatic,  Emplastrum  aromaticum — 
p.  Asafoetida,  Emplastrum  asafoetidoe — p.  of  Bel- 
ladonna, Emplastrum  belladonna?  —  p.  Blister- 
ing, Emplastrum  lyttae  —  p.  of  Blistering  fly, 
Emplastrum  lyttce — p.  Calefacient,  Emplastrum 
calefaciens — p.  of  Cantharides,  compound,  Em- 
plastrum lyttre  compositum — p.  Cephalic,  Em- 
plastrum picis  comp. — p.  Corn,  Sparadrapum 
viride — p.  Corn,  Kennedy's,  Sparadrapum  vi- 
ride — p.  Court,  English,  see  Ichthyocolla,*Spa- 
radrapum  adhesivum — p. Cummin, Emplastrum 
cumini  —  p.  Defensive,  Sparadrapum  Galteri — 
p.  Diachylon,  Emplastrum  plumbi — p.  Fly,  Em- 
plastrum lyttas — p.  Frankincense,  Emplastrum 
thuris — p.  Galbanum,  Emplastrum  galbani — p. 
Galbanum,  compound,  Emplastrum  galbani  com- 
positum—p.  Gum,  Emplastrum  gummosum — p. 
of  Gum-resins,  Emplastrum  cum  gummi-resinis 
— p.  Hemlock,  Emplastrum  cicutfe — p.  Iron, 
Emplastrum  ferri — p.  Issue,  Sparadrapum  pro 
fonticulis — p.  Lead,  Emplastrum  plumbi — p. 
Machine,  Sparadrapier — p.  Mercurial,  Emplas- 
trum hydrargyri — p.  of  Mercury,  compound, 
Emplastrum  hydrargyri  compositum—]).  Nu- 
remberg, Emplastrum  Norimbergense — p.  Opi- 
um, Emplastrum  opii — p.  Pitch,  comp.,  Em- 
plastrum picis  compositum — p.  Resin,  Emplas- 
trum resina? — p  of  Red  oxide  of  iron,  Emplas- 
trum oxidi  ferri  rubri — p.  Soap,  Emplastrum 


PLASTIC 


589 


PLEURA 


lis — p.  of  Spanish  flies,  compound,  Era- 
plastrum  lyttae  compositum — p.  Sticking,  Em- 
plastrum  resinse — p. Strengthening,  Emplastrum 
ferri,  Emplastrum  oxidi  ferri  rubri — p.  Warm, 
Emplastrum  calefaciens — p.  Wax,  Emplastrum 
cerae. 

PLASTIC,  Flas'licus,  from  nJ.aaam,  'I  form.' 
That  which  forms;  which  serves  to  form. 

Plastic  Element.  One  which  bears  within 
it  the  germs  of  a  higher  form.— Gerber. 

Plastic  Force.  The  generative  power  in 
organized  bodies.  It  is  also  called  JVisus  for- 
mati'vus,  Vis  plas'tica,  Vis  reproductiva,  Plasti- 
vism'us,  Force  of  Nutrition,  F.  of  assimilation. 

Plastic  Surgery,  Morioplastice. 

PLASTICISMUS,  Plastic  force. 

PLATA,  Scapula. 

PLATANUS,  Musa  paradisiaca. 

PLATEA,  Bothriocephalus  latus. 

PLATES,  MANSFQRDS,  Galvanism. 

PLATIAS'MUS,  from  nlarvc,  'broad.'  Ex- 
cessive development  of  the  lips,  causing  the  ar- 
ticulation to  be  imperfect. 

PLATINA,  Platinum. 

PLATTNUM,  Plat'ina,  from  (S.)  plata,  'sil- 
ver.' The  preparations  of  platinum  resemble 
in  their  therapeutical  properties  those  of  gold. 
The  Bichloride,  Plaf'ini  Bichlo'ridum,  made 
by  dissolving  platinum  in  aqua  rcgia,  and  the 
Double  Chloride  of  Platinum  and  Sodium, 
So'dii  chloroplat'inas,  Chloroplat'inatc  of  So'- 
dium,  prepared  by  dissolving  bichloride  of  pla- 
tinum and  pure  chloride  of  sodium  in  proper 
proportions  in  water,  evaporating  and  crystal- 
lizing,— are  the  preparations  used.  They  are 
not  much  prescribed. 

PLATULA,  see  Pediculus. 

PLATYBREGM  ATE,  see  Cranium. 

PLATYCORIA,  Mydriasis. 

PLATYOPHTHALMON,  Antimonium. 

PLATYS'MA,  from  nlaxvg,  'broad.'  Any 
thing  broadly  extended.     A  spread  plaster. 

Platvs'ma  Myoi'des,  P.  myo'des,  Mus'culus 
cuta'neus,  M.  su'ocuta'ncus,  (Winslovv,)  Quad'- 
ra'lus  genas  vel  latis'simus  colli,  Tetrago'nus, 
Slomoman'icon,  Thoraco-mazillo facial,  Thoraco- 
facial,  (Ch.,)  (F.)  Peaucicr.  A  muscle,  situate 
superficially  on  the  lateral  parts  of  the  neck.  It 
is  flat,  broad,  and  quadrilateral.  Its  fibres,  which 
are  all  parallel  to  each  other,  pass  obliquely 
downwards,  and  from  without  inwards.  They 
arise  from  the  cellular  tissue,  which  covers  the 
anterior  and  superior  part  of  the  chest;  pass 
before  the  clavicle,  and  proceed  to  attach  them- 
selves at  the  interior  part  of  the  symphysis  menti, 
at  the  external  oblique  line  of  the  jaw,  and  at  the 
commissure  of  the  lips.  The  fibres  of  this  last 
insertion  form  a  distinct  fasciculus,  called  by 
some  anatomists  J\lusculus  Risorius  San  tor  int. 
The  platysma  myoides  depresses  the  commissure 
of  the  lips,  and  carries  it  outwards.  It  contri- 
butes, also,  to  the  depression  of  the  lower  jaw. 
When  it  contracts,  it  wrinkles  the  skin  of  the 
neck  transversely. 

PLATYSTER'NOS,  from  nXarvc,  'broad,' 
and  axiQvov,  'the  sternum.'  One  who  has  a  well 
developed  chest. — D.  Pechlin. 

PLECHAS,  Perinaeum. 

PLECTANiE.  Cornua  uteri. 

PLECTANE,  Plica,  Plegma,  Plexus,  (q.  v.) 
\  fold,  a  plexus.     Also,  a  cornu  of  the  uterus. 

PLECTRUM.    The  styloid  process  of  the 


temporal  bone.   Also, the  uvula  and  the  tongue. 
— Castelli. 

PLEDGET,  (D.)  P 1  a g  g  h  e ,  Plumacdolus,  Lin- 
tea'men,  Plag'ula,  (F.)  Plumaceau,  Plumasseau. 
A  small  compress  or  gateau  of  lint — (the  fila- 
ments arranged  parallel  to  each  other) — flat- 
tened between  the  hands  after  the  extremities 
have  been  cut  off  or  folded  down.  It  is  applied 
over  wounds,  ulcers,  &c,  to  preserve  them 
from  the  contact  of  the  air,  to  retain  dressings 
in  situ,  or  to  absorb  the  discharges. 

PLEGE,  Blow,  Ictus. 

PLEGMA,  Plectane,  Plexus. 

PLEGOMETER,  Pleximeter. 

PLEIN,  (F.)  '  Full.'  The  middle  part  of  a 
roller. 

PLENA  MULIER,  Pregnant. 

PLENITUDE,  Fulness. 

PLENITUDO,  Plethora. 

PLERO'SIS,  from  nhmc,  'full;'  also,  Re- 
ple'tio,  Refec'tio,  Rcple'tion.  Restoration  of  flesh 
after  sickness. 

PLEROTICUS,  Incarnans. 

PLES'MONE,  Plenitu'do,  Sati'etas,  Sati'cty, 
(q.  v.)  Intemperance,  (q.  v.)  Condition  oppo- 
site to  that  of  hunger. 

PLESSER,  Plexor. 

PLESSIMETER,  Pleximeter. 

PLESSOMETER,  Pleximeter. 

PLETHO'RA,  from  jr/i^w,  '  I  fill.'  Polya'- 
mia,  Polyliyperhae'mia,  Polychym'ia  sanguin'eu, 
Plenitu'do,  Multila/do,  Redundan'tia,  Repte'tio, 
En'chyma,  Comple'tio,  Fulness,  (q.  v.)  (F.)  Abon- 
dunc.e,  Redondance.  The  word  plethora,  which 
means  repletion,  expresses  a  superabundance  of 
blood  in  the  system,  or  in  some  part  of  it: — hence 
the  division  of  plethora  into  general  and  local; 
the  latter  being  called,  according  to  its  seat, 
cerebral,  pulmonary,  uterine,  &c.  The  princi- 
pal symptoms  of  plethora  exist  in  the  circula- 
tory system;  such  as  redness  of  the  surface, 
swelling  of  the  veins,  increase  in  the  fulness  of 
the  pulse,  in  the  strength  of  the  heart's  pulsa- 
tions, &c,  with  spontaneous  hemorrhages  oc- 
casionally. With  these  are  usually  united  ge- 
neral heaviness,  torpor,  lassitude,  vertigo,  tinni- 
tus aurium,  flushes  of  heat,  &c.  The  blood  of 
plethoric  persons  differs  from  healthy  blood  in 
the  smaller  ratio  of  water  which  it  contains, 
and  especially  in  the  augmentation  of  the  red 
corpuscles. 

The  tendency  to  plethora,  or  its  actual  ex- 
istence, must  be  obviated  by  purgatives,  proper 
diet,  exercise,  &c. ;  and,  if  the  danger  from  it 
be  pressing,  by  blood-letting.  This  is,  how- 
ever, a  doubtful  remedy  for  general  plethora,  as 
it  increases  haematosis. 

Plethora,  Local,  Hyperemia. 

PLETHOS,  Satiety. 
!UMON,  Pulmo. 

PLEUMQNIA,  Pneumonia. 

PLEURA,  nXsvoa,  'the  side.'  Membra'na 
plcurit'ica  seu  castas  succin' gens  seu  succin'gens, 
Membra'na  seu  Tu'nica  costa'lis  seu  subcosta'lis, 
Hypopleu'rios,  (F.)  Plevrc  ou  Pleure,  The  pleu- 
rae are  two  thin,  diaphanous,  perspirable  mem- 
branes, which  line  each  side  of  the  chest,  and 
are  reflected  thence  upon  each  lung.  Like  all 
serous  membranes — to  which  class  they  belong 
— each  represents  a  sac  without  aperture.  From 
the  junction  of  the  pleura  of  each  side  the  me- 
diastina  are  formed.  That  portion  of  the  pleura 
which  lines  the  parietes  of  the  chest  is  called 


PLEURAL 


590 


pleurocelE 


Pleura  Costa'lis,-  the  portion  that  covers  the 
lungs,  Pleura  Pulmona'lis.  The  arteries  of  the 
pleura  are  from  the  intercostals,  internal  mam- 
illaries, phrenic,  inferior  thyroid.  &c.  The  veins 
correspond  with  the  arteries.  They  are,  also, 
supplied  with  lymphatics,  but  nerves  are  not 
traceable  in  them. 

Pleura  is  also  used  for  Cavity  of  the  Pleura. 

PLEURAL,  Pleura'tis.  That  which  con- 
cerns the  pleura; — as  a  pleural  fistula; — pleural 
cavity,  &c. 

PLEURA LGIA,  Pleurodyne. 

P  LEU  RE,  Pleura. 

PLEURESIE,  Pleurisy. 

PLEURES1S,  Fleuritis. 

PLEUR1S,  Pleuritis. 

PLEURISY,  Pleuritis— p.  Bilious,  see  Pleu- 
ritis— p.  False,  Pleurodynia. 

Pleurisy,  Head.  A  ridiculous  term,  occa- 
sionally used  by  the  vulgar,  in  the  southern 
states  especially,  for  bilious  pneumonia  before 
the  pneumonitic  phenomena  are  developed,  and 
whilst  the  head  is  prominently  affected. 

Pleurisy,  Hemorrhagic,  Hsematothorax — 
p.  Rheumatic,  Pleurodynia— p.  Root,  Asclepias 
tuberosa — p.  Typhoid,  see  Pleuritis. 

PLEURI'TIS,  from  n/Ltvoa,  'the  pleura;' 
Morbus  latera'lis,  Empres'ma  Pleuritis,  Pleuris, 
Pleuresis,  Pleuropneuwoni'  lis,  Pneumopleure'- 
sis,  Pleurit'ica  Febris,  Cauma  Pleuri'tis,  Passio 
pleurif ica,  Inflannna'tio  Pleurae,  Pleurisy,  Jn- 
flamma'tion  of  the  Pleura,  (F.)  Pleuresic,  Fievre 
pleurctique,  Inflammation  de  la  Plevre,  may  be 
acute  or  chronic.  Perhaps  the  most  violent  of 
all  internal  inflammations  is  the  active  form; 
known  by  acute,  lancinating  pain  in  one  side 
of  the  chest,  increased  by  inspiration,  by  cough- 
ing, and  often  by  pressure;  dyspnoea,  the  inspi- 
rations short  and  frequent;  cough  dry,  or  with 
little  expectoration;  and  difficulty  of  lying  on 
the  affected  side.  Symptoms,  attending  the 
phlegmasia?  in  general,  strongly  marked. 

Physical  Signs.  There  is  seldom  any  per- 
ceptible alteration  in  the  exterior  of  the  chest. 
When  effusion  has  taken  place  to  a  oreat  ex- 
tent, the  signs  will  be  similar  to  those  of  chronic 
pleurisy.  The  motion  of  the  affected  side  is 
diminished,  and  the  vibrations  of  the  voice  can- 
not be  detected  by  the  hand.  There  is  more  or 
*1pss  dulness  of  sound  on  percussion,  the  d ill- 
ness diminishing  or  disappearing  by  change  of 
position.  On  auscultation,  the  inspiration  is 
feeble,  distant,  or  inaudible;  but  change  of  po- 
sition modifies  it.  Egophony  is  usually  pre- 
sent, when  the  effusion  is  in  moderate  quanti- 
ty, and  is  best  heard  over  a  portion  of  the  tho- 
racic parietes,  represented  by  a  band  of  three 
inches,  running  from  below  the  inferior  mar- 
gins of  the  scapula  in  the  direction  of  the  ribs 
to  the  sternum.  Simple  pleurisy  rarely  attacks 
both  sides  at  once:  when  such  is  the  case,  the 
presence  of  tubercles  may  be  suspected. 

Formerly,  a  true  -pleurisy  meant  one  seated  in 
the  pleura:  a  mediastinal  pleurisy,  one  situated 
in  the  anterior  mediastinum;  and  fake  pleurisy 
or  rheumntismal  pleurisy,  that  which  occupied 
the  intercostal  muscles.  This  last  has  received 
the  name  Pleurodynia,-  tint  of  pleurisy  heino- 
exclusively  appropriated  to  inflammation  of  the 
pleura.  Pleurisy  has,  also,  been  distinguished 
into  dry  and  humid,  according  ns  it  is  accom- 
panied ornotby  expectoration.  Humid  or  moist 
pleurisy  is,  now,  properly  regarded  as  a  compli- 


cation of  pleurisy  with  pulmonary  catarrh.  It 
is  the  catarrhal  pleu'risy  of  some.  The  majority 
of  the  species  of  pleurisy,  admitted  by  Sauvages, 
consists  of  complications. 

The  causes  of  pleurisy  are  like  those  of  other 
internal  inflammations.  It  may  terminate  by 
resolution,  effusion,  or  suppuration. 

Pleurisy,  Chronic,  which  has  been  particu- 
larly described  by  Bayle,  Broussais,  and  Laen- 
nec,  most  commonly  terminates  by  a  serous  or 
purulent  effusion,  which  sometimes  simulates 
hydrothorax;  at  others,  phthisis  pulmonalis.  H 
may  form  slowly,  without  evident  symptoms; 
or  it  may  succeed  acute  pleurisy.  In  the  former 
case,  vague  pains  are  felt  in  the  chest,  with 
small,  dry  cough,  oppression  at  intervals, shiver- 
ing, irregular  febrile  symptoms,  and  hardness  of 
pulse. 

Physical  Signs.  The  affected  side  is  smoother, 
more  rounded  and  motionless;  the  intercostal 
spaces  are  dilated  and  filled  up,  or  may  even 
protrude  slightly.  In  very  chronic  cases,  how- 
ever, the  affected  side  may  be  smaller.  The 
triangular  space  above  the  clavicle  and  the  de- 
pression immediately  above  the  sternum  are 
often  drawn  downwards  on  the  diseased  side. 
No  vibration  is  experienced  by  the  hand  when 
the  patient  speaks.  The  parietes  of  the  thorax 
are  sometimes  cedematous,  and  fluctuation  may 
be  occasionally  felt  between  the  ribs.  On  per- 
cussion the  sound  is  dull,  or  if  clear,  only  so  in 
the  upper  portions  of  the  chest.  On  ausculta- 
tion, there  is  an  absence  of  the  usual  sounds 
over  the  affected  parts,  excepting  occasionally 
transmitted  sounds.  There  are  no  physical 
signs  that  can  enable  us  to  know  whether  pus 
or  serum  is  effused  into  the  chest.  The  intro- 
duction of  a  grooved  needle  through  the  inter- 
costal space,  as  recommended  by  Dr.  Thomas 
Davies,  would  of  course  settle  the  question. 

On  dissection  of  those  who  have  died  of  pleu- 
risy, the  pleura  is  found  thickened,  red,  in- 
flamed, and  covered  with  membranous  exuda- 
tions or  false  membranes.  Sometimes  it  seems 
cartilaginous  or  ossified.  Its  cavity,  frequently, 
contains  serous  or  sero-purulent  effusions.  The 
acute  form  of  the  disease  requires  the  most  ac- 
tive treatment.  General  blood-letting,  to  such 
an  extent  as  to  make  a  very  decisive  impres- 
sion on  the  system,  and  repeated  if  necessary. 
This  is  the  most  important  agent.  After  the 
violence  of  the  disease  has  been  got  over, 
counter-irritants  will  be  found  highly  benefi- 
cial; as  well  as  when  it  has  passed  into  the 
chronic  state.  The  cough  may  be  relieved  by 
demulcents. 

Pleurisy  Bilious,  Pleiiri'tis  bilio'sa,  P.  Ty- 
pho'ides  seu  ti/pho'des,  is  pleurisy  accompanied 
with  bilious  symptoms; — the  effect  of  duodeni- 
tis or  duodeno-hepatitis. 

Sauvages  has  given  the  name  Pleuri'tis 
Vento'sa,  and  Pringle  that  of  Pleurodynia 
Vento'sa,  to  a  pain  behind  the  false  ribs,  attri- 
buted to  the  presence  of  air  in  the  intestines. 

Pleuritis  Buonchialis,  Bronchitis— p  Hu- 
mida,  Bronchitis — p.  Spuria  simulata,  Pleuro- 
dynia— p.  Tvphoides,  see  Pleuritis  (biliosa.) 

PLEURITIS   PERICARDII,  Pericarditis. 

PLEUROCE'LE,  from  nhvoa,  'the  pleura; 
and  y.rJvn  'a  tumour.'  Hernia  of  the  pleura. 
This  name,  employed  by  Sagar,  is  inaccurate, 
as  the  pleura  never  protrudes  alone.  It  only 
forms  a  hernia,  when  it  serves  as  an  envelope 


PLEUROCOLLESIS 


591 


PLICA 


to  the  lung,  to  tumours,  or  to  purulent  collec- 
tions, which  have  protruded  from  the  thoracic 
paiietes. 

PLEUROCOLLE'SIS,  from  irl*vitt,  'the 
pleura,'  and  r.okXav>,  '1  glue.'  An  adhesion 
between  the  pleura  costalis  and  pleura  pul- 
monalis. 

PLEURODYNIA,  Pleural' gia,  Pseudo-pku- 
ri'tis,  Eseudo -pleurisy,  PI  uiod'yne,  Autul!  gia 
doloro'sa,  A  stitch.  Pain  in  the.  side,  Stitch  in  the 
side,  Parapleuri'lis;  False  Pleurisy,  Rheuntat'ic 
or  rheumatis' mat  pleurisy,  Pkuri'tis  spu'ria  st'mu* 
lu'ta,  Pntumo'nia  exter'na,  Lagonop'onos,  Thora- 
tod'yne~,  Dolor  Pectoris  exter'nus,  (F .)  Point  dc 
cole,  Douleur  de  cote,-  from  irXtvQa, '  the  side  or 
pleura,'  and  o$vvtj,  'pain.'  A  spasmodic  or  rhpu- 
matic  affection,  generally  seated  in  the  muscles 
of  the  chest,  and, ordinarily,  in  the  intercostals 
It  is  usually  augmented  by  outward  pressure, 
inspiration,  coughing,  exertion,  moving  the 
thoiax,  and  sometimes  even  the  corresponding 
arm.  It  is  unaccompanied  by  fever,  cough,  or 
dyspnoea,  except  from  under  the  form  of  a 
stitch,  when  dyspnoea  exists.  It  is,  generally, 
by  no  means  obstinate,  and  yields  promptly  to 
warm  applications  and  to  cupping  or  leeches. 
If  it  still  resist,  a  blister  will,  almost  always, 
remove  it. 

Pleurodynia  Vf.ntosa,  Pleuritis  ventosa. 

PLEUROPATHl'A,  from  nUvoa,  'the 
pleura,'  and  tradis,  'a  disease.'  A  disease  of 
the  pie  in  a. 

PLEUROPERIPN'EU'MONY,  Pleuroperi- 
pnevmo'nia,  Pleuropneumonia.  Inflammation 
occupying  the  pleura  and  the  lung  at  the  same 
time.  Pleurisy  and  peripneumony  existing  si- 
multaneously. Physical  Signs.  A  dull  sound 
is  yielded  by  percussion  for  a  variable  extent 
over  the  more  dependent  portions  of  the  af- 
fected side.  The  loss  of  sound  is  partially  mo- 
dified by  change  of  position.  The  respiratory 
murmur  on  auscultation  is  very  feeble  or  absent 
inferiorly  ;  higher  up,  the  crepitation  or  bron- 
chial respiration  of  pneumonia  may  be  detected: 
round  the  root  of  the  lung,  and  near  the  infe- 
rior angle  of  the  scapula  egophony  is  generally 
present.  There  is  seldom  much  enlargement 
of  the  affected  side,  or  displacement  of  the  ad- 
jacent organs,  as  in  the  case  of  simple  chronic 
pleurisy. 

PLEUROPNEUMOiNTA,  Pleuro-peripneu- 
mony. 

PLEUROPNEUMOMTIS,  Pleuritis. 

PLEURORRHCEA  CHYLOSA,  Chylotho- 
rax — p.  Purulenta,  Empyema — p.  Sanguinea, 
Plaematothorax. 

PLEURORTIIOPNCE'A,  from  nltvqa,  *  the 
side,'  oo3oc,  'straight,'  and  irvtw,  'I  respire.' 
Pain  of  the  side,  which  does  not  permit  the 
patient  to  breathe,  except  when  in  the  vertical 
position.' 

PLEUROTIIOTONOS,  Pleurofonos,  Tet- 
anus lutera'/is,  from  nhivgodtv,  'laterally,'  and 
Tovo?,  'tension.'  Variety  of  tetanus,  in  which 
the  body  is  curved  laterally  by  the  stronger 
contraction  of  the  muscles  of  one  side  of  the 
bod  v. 

PLEUROTONOS,  Pleurothotonos. 

PLtVRE,  Pleura. 

PLEXIMETER,  Plexom'eter,  Plegom'cter, 
Pltseom'eter,  Plessim'eter,  from  srxi^oj,  'I  strike,' 
and  uiTQov,  'measure,'  'a  measurer  of  percus- 
sion.'    An   ivory  plate  of  a  circular  or  ovoid 


shape,  from  an  inch  and  a  half  to  two  inches 
in  diameter,  and  about  one  sixth  of  an  inch  in 
thickness.  It  has  either  a  raised  rim  or  edge, 
or  projecting  handles  on  its  upper  side,  to  per- 
mit its  being  held  between  the  finger  and 
thumb  of  the  left  hand,  whilst  it  is  struck  with 
the  rifht.  It  is  used  in  percussion  of  the  chest. 
A  piece  of  metal,  a  coin,  or  the  finger  of  the 
left  hand  may  be  used  with  equal  advantage. — 
See  Percussion,  Mediate. 

PLEXOMETER,  Pleximeter. 

PLEXOR,  from  7iXr,a<rto,  'I  strike."'  Pksser. 
Any  instrument  employed  in  percussion.  The 
ends  of  the  fingers  of  the  right  hand  brought 
together  are  the  best  plexor,-  as  the  finger  of  the 
left  is,  perhaps,  the  best  pleximeter. 

PLEXUS,  Plegma,  Plec'tane,  (q.  v.)  Plant, 
Pete,  from  plecto,  'I  interlace,'  'I  entwine,' 
(F.)  Lads.  A  network  of  blood  vessels  or  of 
nerves.  The  nervous  plexuses  belong — some 
to  the  system  of  encephalic  nerves — others  to 
that  of  the  great  sympathetic;  whilst  some,  as 
the  pharyngeal,  seem  to  be  formed  of  the  two 
sets.  The  plexuses  represent  complex  net- 
works, with  more  or  less  loose  meshes,  formed 
by  the  numerous  and  diversified  anastomoses 
of  the  nervous  filaments;  from  which  proceed 
other  branches,  that  are  distributed  to  organs 
or  to  other  plexuses. 

Plexus  Choroides,  see  Choroid — p.  Ccc'iaque, 
Coeliac  plexus — p.  Coronarius  ventriculi,  Gas- 
tric plexus — p  Gangliformis  semilunaris,  Coe- 
liac plexus — p.  Ganglioformes,  Ganglions,  ner- 
vous— p.  Glandiformes,  Ganglions,  nervous — 
p.  Glandulosi  Peyeri,  Peyeri  glandulas  —  p. 
Hederaceus,  Corpus  pampiniforme — p.  Hepa- 
ticus,  Hepatic  plexus — p:  Infra-thyroideal,  see 
Thyroideal  veins — p.  Lombo- abdominal,  Lum- 
bar plexus — p.  Median,  Coeliac  plexus — p.  Me- 
senterii  proprius  et  maximus,  Coeliac  plexus — 
p.  Opistogastrique,  Coeliac  plexus — p.  Recti- 
formis,  Corpus  cavernosum  vagina — p.  Solar. 
Coeliac  plexus — p.  Sous-mc'senlerique,  Hypogas- 
tric plexus — p.  Tcsticulaire,  Spermatic  plexus — 
/;.  Trachelo-souscutane, Cervical  plexus. 

PLICA,  from  plicuri,  'to  be  knit  together,' 
Tricho' sis  plica,  Tricho' ma,  Plica  Polon'ica,  Mal- 
ted hair,  Plaited  hair,  Lues  Sarmat'ica,  Helo'tis, 
Cir'ragra,  Cir'rhagra,  Morbus  Cirrhu'rum,  Tri- 
chx  Incubo'rum,  Plica  caput  Medu'sse,  Plica  Ion- 
gicau'da  lateralis,  Coma  cgesu'rea.  Kolto,  Rhopa- 
lo'sis,  Plica'tio,  Plicatu'ra,  (F.)  Plique.  A  dis- 
ease endemic  in  Poland,  Lithuania,  and  other 
parts  of  Northern  Europe;  so  called  on  account 
of  its  being  characterized  by  interlacing,  twisl- 
ing,  and  ao-glutination  or  matting  of  the  hair. 
By  some  it  has  been  regarded  as  a  disease;  bv 
others,  as  the  result  of  a  want  of  attention  to 
cleanliness.  However  this  may  be,  it  generally 
appears  upon  the  hair  of  the  head,  but,  some- 
times, in  that  of  other  parts,  as  the  beard,  the 
hair  on  the  axilla,  pubes,  &c.  Alibert  admits 
three  species  of  plica.  1.  The  Plica  multiform' is, 
or  Plica  caput  Medu'sa,  in  which  the  hairs  are 
mixed  and  agglutinated  in  greater  or  less  masses; 
and  this  has  been  again  subdivided  into  two 
varieties,  according  as  the  meshes  are  almost 
straight  'P.  C.  M.  lucinia'ta,  (F.)  Fligue  en  la- 
niercs)  or  much  twisted  (P.  C.  M.laciniata, {¥ .) 
P.  en  vrillcs.)  2.  Plica  longicau'da  (F.)  Plique 
solitaire  on  a  queue,-  when  the  hair  is  united 
into  a  single  long  mass,  and  3.  Phca  cespilo'sa, 
(F.)  Plique  en  masse,  in  which  the  hairs  are 


PLICA 


592 


PLUMBUM 


matted  into  one  large,  shapeless  mass.  Pinel 
places  this  disease  amongst  the  Cutaneous  phleg- 
masia:; but  it  is  far  from  being  demonstrated, 
that  it  is  the  result  of  inflammation  of  the  skin. 
Certain  it  is,  however,  that  the  tangling  of  the 
hair  is  symptomatic  of  an  affection  of  the  der- 
moid system,  sui  generis.  The  idea  that  it  is 
entirely  owing  to  want  of  cleanliness,  as  has 
been  conceived  by  some,  is  not  tenable. 

Plica,  Piectane — p.  Caput  Medusa,  Plica — 
p.  Longicauda  lateralis,  Plica — p.  Semilunaris, 
Valvula  semilunaris. 

PLICATIO,  Plica. 

PLICATURA,  Plica. 

PLICHOS,  Perinseum. 

PLINTHIUM,  nXiv&iov.  A  machine,  in- 
vented by  one  Nileus,  which  was  formerly  em- 
ployed in  the  reduction  of  fractures  and  luxa- 
tions. Scultetus  describes  it  in  his  .Armamen- 
tarium Chirurgicum. 

PLIQUE,  Plica. 

PLOMB,  Plumbum. 

PLOMB  (F.)  The  sulphuretted  gas  disen- 
gaged from  privies,  which  proves  fatal  at  times 
to  the  nightmen,  (F.)  Yidangeurs,  engaged  in 
emptying  them. 

PLOMB,  BLAJVC,  Plumbi  subcarbonas— p. 
Blanc  de,  Plumbi  subcarbonas — p.  Oxide  de, 
fondu,  Plumbi  oxydum  semivitreum — p.  Oxide, 
de,  rouge,  Plumbi  oxydum  rubrum—  p.  Oxide 
de  semivitreux,  Plumbi  oxydum  semivitreum. 

PLOMBAGINE.  Graphites. 

plombier.es,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Fontes  medico!  ti  Plumba'rii,  Thermae  Plumba'rise. 
Plombieres  is  a  town  in  the  department  of  the 
Vosges,  17  leagues  from  Nancy,  and  2  from 
Remiremont.  Here  are  several  sources  of  ther- 
mal water.  That  which  is  called  Saponaceous, 
(F.)Savonneasef  is  formed  ofthesubcarbonateand 
sulphate  of  soda,  chloride  of  sodium,  silica,  car- 
bonate of  lime,  and  much  vegeto-animal  matter. 
This  last  component,  when  held  in  solution  by 
means  of  the  subcarbonate  of  soda,  gives  to  the 
water  an  unctuous  appearance.  This  is  the 
origin  of  its  name.  The  waters  of  Plombieres 
are  employed  as  solvents  in  engorgements  of 
the  abdominal  viscera,  and  as  alteratives  in 
chronic  disease  of  the  skin. 

PLUGGING,  (Sw.,)  Plugg,  (F.)  Tamponne- 
mtnt.  The  act  of  stopping  a  hole.  The  intro- 
duction of  a  plug  of  lint  or  rag  into  a  wound  or 
natural  cavity — as  the  uterus  or  vagina — to  ar- 
rest hemorrhage;  or  of  some  substance  into  a 
carious  tooth  to  prevent  toothache. 

PLUM,  Prunum,  Primus  domestica — p.  As- 
syrian, Sebestina. 

PLUMACEAU,  Pledget. 

PLUMACEOLUS,  Pad,  Pledget. 

PLUMASSEAU,  Pledget. 

PLUMBAGO,  Graphites,  Persicaria. 

Plumba'go  Europ^'a,  Denta'ria,  Crepanetla, 
Squama!  ria,  Dentelu'ria,  Lcadwort.  (F.)  Dente- 
laire.  Family,  Flumbaginese.  Sex.  Syst,  Pen- 
tandria  Monogynia.  The  root  was  formerly 
much  esteemed  as  a  cure  for  the  toothache; 
like  the  Pel'litory  of  Spain,  which  is  also  called 
Dcnturia. 

PLUMBI  ACETAS,  PI.  superacetas— p.  Ace- 
tas  dilutum  alcoholicum,  Liquor  plumbi  sub- 
acetatis  dilutus — p.  Acidulus  siccus,  Plumbi 
superacetas — p.  Carbonas,  PI.  subcarbonas — p. 
Deutoxydum  rubrum,  P.  oxydum  rubrum — p. 
Iodidum,  see  Iodine — p.  loduretum,  see  Iodine 


— p.  Oxydum  album,  Plumbi  subcarbonas — p. 
Oxydum  carbonatum  per  acidum  acetosum, 
Flumbi  subcarbonas— p.  Oxydum  fusum,  PI. 
oxydum  semivitreum. 

Plumbi  Oxydum    Rubrum,  Min'ium,  Dent- 
oz'ydum  plumbi  ru  brum,  Superox'ydui.n  pi 
sum,  Plumbum  oxyda'lum  rubrum,  Red  lead,  (K.) 
Oxide  de  plomb  rouge.     It  is,  sometimes,  used  to 
kill  vermin. 

Plumbi  Ox'ydum  Semivit'rf.um,  Lithar' gy- 
rus, Lilhargyrum,  Lithar  gyr'ium,  Oxydum  plum- 
bi fusum,  Spuma  argent'i,  Semi-vil'rijied  oxyd  of 
lead  or  litharge,  Calciteo'sa,  Calh'mia  (V.)  Ox- 
ide de  plomb  fondu,  Oxide  de  plomb  semi: 
(a  yellow  protosyd  of  lead,  prepared  by  heat 
and  combined  with  carbonic  acid,)  It  occurs 
in  scales  of  a  whitish-red  colour,  and  semi  vitri- 
fied. It  is  employed  for  pharmaceutical  pur- 
poses, as  in  the  Liquor  plumbi  acetatis,  Emplas- 
trum  plumbi,  &c.  Formerly,  the  Litharge  of 
gold,  Chrysi.'tis,  and  Litharge  of  silver,  Alma- 
riub,  were  distinguished  in  commerce.  These 
were  merely  ordinary  litharge,  resembling  gold 
or  silver  in  colour. 

Plumbi  Subcar'bonas,  Car'bonas  plumbi, 
Plumbi  Carbonas,  (Ph.  U.  S.)  Oxydum  plumbi 
carbonatum  per  ac"idum  aceto'sum,  Cents' sn 
alba  JYor'ica  seu  Hollar!  die  a,  Oxydum  plumbi 
album,  Cerussa,  Psimmythion,  Psimmython,  Sinii- 
tium.  Flake  white,  Blanca,  Gersa,  If'fdes,  Subcar'- 
bonale  of  lead,  Cerusse,  White  lead,  (F.)  Blanc 
de  plomb,  Plomb  blanc,  (prepared  by  exposing 
spiral  rolls  of  lead  to  the  fumes  of  vinegar,  in 
vessels  placed  in  dung.)  It  is  inodorous;  has  a 
sweet  taste;  is  brittle;  friable;  snow  white,  and 
of  a  minute,  scaly  texture.  It  is  astringent  and 
sedative,  and  is  sprinkled  on  parts  affected  with 
local  inflammation,  or  to  prevent  chafing  in 
children.  It  is,  also,  used  in  the  formation  of 
ointments  and  plasters. 

Plumei  Superace'tas,  Cerus'sa  aeeta'ta, 
Plumbi  ucid'ulus  siccus,  Plumbi  ace'tas,  (Ph.  U. 
S)  Sal  velsac'charum  Sutur'ni,  Superac"  elate  of 
lead,  Dulce'do  Satur'ni,  Actios  plwn'bicuui  crys- 
tallisa'tam,  Sal  plumbi,  Sugar  of  lead,  Protoac"- 
elate  of  lead,  (F.)  Sel  ou  sucre  de  Saturne.  (Plumb, 
curb.  Ibj.  Acid  acetic,  cong.  14.  Boil  the  lead  with 
the  acid  till  it  is  saturated;  then  strain  through 
paper,  and  evaporate  to  a  pellicle,  that  crystals 
may  be  formed.  Wash  the  crystals  and  dry  on 
blotting  paper.  Ph.  L.)  The  acetate  of  lead 
has  a  sweet,  styptic  taste;  a  very  white  colour 
and  silky  lustre.  It  is  astringent;  and,  in  weak 
solutions,  cooling  and  sedative;  in  strong,  sti- 
mulant. It  is  given,  internally,  in  visceral  and 
other  hemorrhages,  combined  with  opium,  and 
is  used,  externally,  in  solution,  in  inflammation, 
burns,  bruises,  gonorrhoea,  &c.  Dose  gr.  sb 
to  iss. 

Plumbi  Tannas,  see  Tannin. 

PLUMBICUM  ACETAS  CRYSTALLISA- 
TUM,  Plumbi  superacetas. 

PLUMBOSUM  SUPEROXYDUM,  Plumbi 
oxydum  rubrum. 

PLUMBUM,  Molyb'dos,  Saturn' 'us,  Caprkor1- 
nus.  (F.)  Plomb,  Lead.  A  solid  metal  of  a 
bluish  white  colour;  more  mallenble  than  duc- 
tile; soft  enough  to  be  scratched  by  the  nail; 
very  fusible  and  oxydizable,  when  heated  in 
the  air,  and  existing,  in  nature,  under  a  num- 
ber of  different  shapes;  the  principal  of  which 
are  those  of  snlphuret  and  oxyd.    S.  g.  11.352. 

Its  use  is  to  form  oxides  and  salts.    In  its  me- 


PLUMBUM  ALBUM 


593 


PNEUMONIA 


tallic  state,  it  has  no  action  upon  the  body;  but 
when  oxydized  or  united  with  an  acid,  it  acts, 
in  large  doses,  as  a  powerfully  astringent  poi- 
son. 

Plumbum  Aleum,  Tin— p.  Candidum,  Tin, 
— p.  Cinereum,  Bismuth,  subnitrate  of — p. 
Oxydatum  rubrum,  Plumbi  oxydum  rubrum. 

Plums,  Seeded,  see  Diospyros  Virginiana — 
p.  Winter,  see  Diospyros  Virginiana — p.  Yel- 
low, see  Diospvros  Virginiana. 

PLUNKETT'S  OINTMENT.  This  empiri- 
cal cancer  remedy  consists  of  Arsenious  acid, 
Sulphur,  and  the  powdered  flowers  of  the  Ra- 
nunculus flammula,  and  Cotula  fcctida; — levi- 
gated and  made  into  a  paste  with  the  white  of 
egg,  and  applied,  on  a  piece  of  pig's  bladder,  to 
the  surface  of  the  cancer. 

PLUTEA.  Avicenna  gives  this  name  to 
duplicatures  of  the   dura   mater,   such  as   the 

FiLldCr  CCVEbl'l. 

PNEOBIOMANTIA,  Docimasia  pulmonum. 

PNEUMATHORAX,  Pneumothorax. 

PNEUMATIC  PHYSICIANS.  Name  given 
to  a  sect  of  physicians,  at  the  head  of  whom 
was  Athenreus,  who  made  health  and  disease  to 
consist  in  the  different  proportions  of  an  ele- 
ment— which  they  called  Pneuma,  nvtvft* — to 
those  of  the  other  elementary  principles.  This 
irriv/xa  was  a  fancied  spiritual  principle,  which 
the  Stoics  regarded  as  an  element,  different 
from  water,  air,  earth  and  fire; — the  sole  ele- 
mentary principles  previously  admitted. 

PNEUMAT'ICA,  from  7rriV/ua,  'air.'  Ap- 
pertaining to  the  breathing.  Diseases  of  the 
respiratory  function; — the  second  class  in 
Good's  system  of  nosology. 

PNEUMATOCELE,  Physocele. 

PNEUMATOSES,  from  vvtvfta,  'wind,' 
and  tide;,  'resemblance.'  One  distended  with 
air,  or  who  breathes  with  difficulty,  owing  to 
an  accumulation  of  flatus  in  the  digestive 
tube;  or,  according  to  others,  owing  to  emphy- 
sema. 

PNEUMATOM'PHALUS,  from  nvtvua, 
'flatus,'  and  outpedog,  'the  umbilicus.'  Um- 
bilical intestinal  hernia,  containing  a  conside- 
rable quantity  of  flatus. 

PNEUMATOSE,  Pneumatosis—/?.  Peritone- 
ale,  Tympanites. 

PNEUMATOSIS,  from  7rnv,u.u, ' air,'  Flatus. 
(F.)  Maladie,  ventcuse,  Pneumatuse.  Flatulent 
distention  of  the  stomach.  Sauvages  uses  the 
word  synonymously  with  emphysema.  Frank 
comprises  under  pneumatoses  all  flatulent  dis- 
eases. 

Pneumatosis,  Emphysema — p.  Abdominis, 
Tympanites. 

PNEUMATOTHORAX,  Pneumothorax. 

PNEUMOCHOLOSIS,  Pneumonia  (bilious.) 

PKEUMOECTASIE,  Emphysema  of  the 
lungs. 

PNEUMOGA S'TRIC,  Pneumogas'tricus; 
from  nvtvfitov,  'the  lung,'  and  gua-rr,Q,  'the 
Ftomach.'  Chaussier  gives  this  name  to  the 
Eighth  pair  of  nerves,  Par  vagum,  Pars  vaga, 
J\'erv>i.t  vagus  seu  amhulatu'rius,  Middle  sym- 
pathetic; because  it  is  distributed  especially  to 
the  organs  contained  in  the  chest  and  abdomen. 
This  nerve  arises  from  behind  the  eminentiae 
olivarire  and  near  the  corpora  resliformia  by  one 
or  two  rows  of  filaments,  regularly  arranged. 
These  filaments  unite  to  form  a  flat  cord,  which 
issues  from  the  cranium  by  the  foramen  lace- 


rum  posterius,  behind  the  glossopharyngeal 
nerve.  At  its  exit  from  the  cranium,  the  pneu- 
mogastric  nerve  has  the  appearance  of  a  very 
compact  plexus.  It  then  descends  along  the 
neck,  deeply  seated  on  the  outside  of  the  caro- 
tid artery  and  the  internal  jugular  vein.  When 
it  has  attained  the  lower  part  of  the  neck  it  en- 
ters the  chest,  gliding  behind  the  subclavian 
vein,  and  passing  on  the  right  side,  in  front  of 
the  subclavian  artery,  and,  on  the  left,  before 
the  arch  of  the  aorta.  It  proceeds,  at  first, 
backwards,  increasing  in  size.  Afterwards,  it 
passes  from  behind  the  bronchia  to  the  oesopha- 
gus, which  it  accompanies  through  the  dia- 
phragm, and  terminates  on  the  stomach.  In 
the  neck,  the  pneumogastric  nerve  anastomoses 
with  the  spinal,  glosso-pharyngeal,  great  hypo- 
glossal, and  great  sympathetic  nerves;  and  fur- 
nishes, 1.  a  pharyngeal  branch,  2.  a  superior  la- 
ryngeal, 3.  cardiac  branches.  In  the  chest,  it 
gives  off",  1.  The  inferior  laryngeal,  or  rc- 
cmrent,  2.  The  pulmonary  plexus,  and,  3.  The 
oesophageal  branches.  On  entering  the  abdo- 
men, the  oesophageal  branches,  which  terminate 
the  pneumogastric,  are  distributed  upon  the 
stomach,  and  give  numerous  filaments  to  that 
viscus,  to  the  hepatic,  coeliac,  gastro-epiploic, 
and  solar  plexuses.  Some  go,  also,  to  the  pan- 
creas, liver,  gall-bladder,  duodenum,  &c. 

PNEUMOGRAPHY,  Pneumogrd  phia ;  from 
nrivfiwv,  '  the  lung,'  and  y%*fpt],  '  a  description.' 
The  part  of  anatomy  that  describes  the  lungs. 

PNEUMOL'OGY,  Pneumolog"ia;  from  ttviv- 
/awv,  'the  lung,'  and  Xoyog,  '  a  discourse.'  An 
anatomical  treatise  on  the  lungs.  Anatomical 
description  of  the  lungs. 

PNEUMON,  Pulmo. 

PNEUMONALGIA,  Angina  pectoris. 

PNEUMON  ATELECTASIS,  Atelectasis 
pulmonum. 

PNEUMO'NIA,  Empres'ma  Pneumonitis, 
Pleumo'nia,  Peripneumonia,  Pneumo'nia  peri- 
pneumonia, Pneumonitis,  Pulmo' 'nia,  Pulmona'- 
ria,  Inftamma! tio  pneumon'ica,  I.  pec'toris  acu'ta, 
I.  pulmo'num,  Pneumos'tasis,  Inflammation  of 
the  lungs,  (F.)  Inflammation  des  Poumons,  Fi'evre 
pneumonique,  F.  peripneumonique,  Fluxion  de 
Poitrine,  (q.  v.)  Inflammation  du  Parenchyme 
pulmonaire.  The  chief  symptoms  of  pneumo- 
nia are : — pyrexia,  accompanied  by  pain, — some- 
times obtuse,  at  others  pungent, — in  some  part 
of  the  thorax;  pulse  more  or  less  quick  and  hard, 
according  to  the  violence  and  extent  of  the  lo- 
cal disorder;  pain  aggravated  by  the  cough, 
which  with  dyspnoea  exists  throughout  the  dis- 
ease. At  first,  the  expectoration  is  difficult  and 
painful ;  but  in  the  course  of  a  few  days  it  be- 
comes free,  and  the  oppression  of  breathing  is 
mitigated.  When  the  inflammation,  instead  of 
going  off" by  resolution,  passes  on  to  suppuration, 
rigors  are  experienced;  the  respiration  becomes 
more  oppressed,  but  less  painful,  and  a  sense  of 
weight  is  felt  in  one  of  the  pleura;.  Pneumo- 
nia may,  also,  terminate  by  gangrene  (but  this 
rarely  happens;)  by  induration  and  by  hepati- 
zation. 

Physical  Signs.  FinST  Stage,  (F.)  Engouement. 
Diminution  of  the  sound  is  generally  observed 
over  the  affected  part  on  percussion;  ausculta- 
tion exhibits  an  equal,  dry,  crepitating  rdk, 
which  is  best  heard  at  the  close  of  a  deep  inspi- 
ration, and  on  couching.  The  respiratory  mur- 
mur is  intermingled  with  the  crepitant  rale,  or  it 


PNEUMONIA  BILIOSA 


594 


PODAGRA 


way  be  absent.  In  the  neighbourhood  of  the 
affected  parts  it  is  natural  or  puerile.  .The 
voice  and  cough  are  rather  more  resonant  than 
usual.  Second  Stage,  (F.)  Hipatisation  rouge. 
When  Hepatization  has  occurred,  the  motion  of 
the  affected  side  is  impeded,  and  immediately 
above  the  sternum  and  in  the  corresponding 
triangular  space  on  either  side,  there  is  often  an 
evident  depression.  Percussion  is  dull  over 
the  affected  part  in  every  position  of  the  patient. 
On  auscultation,  the  crepitation  is  found  to  be 
replaced  by  bronchial  respiration.  The  respi- 
ratory murmur  is  louder  in  the  other  portions 
of  the  lung,  the  voire  and  cough  are  more  reso- 
nant, and  the  heart's  action  is  more  distinct. 
Tumi)  Stage,  (F.)  Hepatization  grise.  When 
suppuration  supervenes,  the  same  signs  persist; 
but  usually  the  voice  and  couirh  are  less  reso- 
nant, and  a  coarse  mucous  rule  is  heard.  When 
gangrenous  or  suppurative  cavities  are  formed, 
they  present  the  ordinary  signs. 

The  prognosis  must  be  guarded.  It  is  not  a 
disease  which  we  can  always  subdue.  Great 
extent  of  inflammation;  very  considerable  op- 
pression ;  nrthopncea,  and  difficult  expectora- 
tion are  unfavourable  symptoms.  The  most 
active  treatment  is  of  course  necessary.  Gene- 
ral bleeding  forms  the  sheet  anchor, — employed 
so  as  to  make  a  decided  impression  on  the  sys- 
tem, and  repeated,  if  necessary  ;  local  blood- 
letting; nauseating  doses  of  antimonials  ;  pur- 
gatives ;  and  when  the  violence  of  the  inflam- 
mation has  been  got  under, — counter-irritants, 
&c.  Chronic  pneumonia  sometimes  succeeds 
the  acute,  and,  at  others,  occurs  accidentally. 
It  must  be  managed  on  general  principles. 
Small  bleedings,  especially  locally  ;  and  coun- 
ter-irritants of  all  kinds  are  indicated. 

Pneumonia  Biliosa,  P.  bilious. 

Vsi-:vMONiA,BiLious,Pneumo'niafrilio'sa,Pneu- 
mo-cholosis.  Inflammation  of  the  lungs,  accom- 
panied by  gastric  fever,  and  not  uncommonly 
by  typhoid  symptoms', — Pneurno typhus,  Pneu- 
mo' nia  typhoid' es  seu  typhu'des,  Putrid,  typhoid, 
adynamic  or  erysipelatous  pneumo'nia. 

Pneumonia  Lobular,  see  Lobular. 

Pneumonia,  Erysipelatous,  P.  bilious — p. 
Putnd,  P.  bilious— p.  Typhodes,  P.  bilious— p. 
Typhoid,  P.  bilious. 

PNEUMON'ICA.  Diseases  affecting  the 
lungs,  their  membranes  or  motive  power  ^cha- 
racterized by  irregular,  impeded,  or  painful 
respiration.  The  second  order  of  the  class 
Pnenm.uica  of  Good. 

PNEUMONIC'ULA.  Diminutive  of  pneu- 
monia.    A  slight  inflammation  of  the  lun<r. 

PNEUMON1CUS,  Pulmonic. 

PNEUMOA'IE,  Pneumonia—/?.  Dissiminee, 
see  Lobular— p.  Lol/u/aire,  see  Lobular—  p.  Ma- 
melonnee,  see  Lobular. 

PNEVMOME  DES  AGOJVISAXTS,  Pneu- 
monic hypostatique.  The  hypersmic  enforce- 
ment, which  takes  place  in  the  lungs  daring 
the  last  moments  of  life,  has  been  so  termed'. 
It  would  seem  to  be  hyperemia  rather  than  in- 
flammation. 

PNEUMONITTC,  Pneumoniticus.  Of,  or 
belonging  to  pneumonitis,  or  inflammation  of 
the  In no-s. 

PNEUMONITIS,  Pneumonia. 

PJYE  UM  OjYO  S  EStPneu  m  oses. 

PJVEUM0-PER1CARDE,  Pneumo-pericar- 
dium. 


P N  E U M O ■  P E R 1 C A R' Dl U M ,  Pneurno- peri- 
cardi'tis,  Pneumo-pericarde,  from  trrtvutt,  'air,' 
and  7itQtnccQ$Lov,'  pericardium.'  Laennec  desig. 
nates,  under  this  name,  the  effusion  of  air  into 
the  cavity  of  the  pericardium. 

PNEUMOPLEURESIS,  Pleurit.is. 

PNKUMOPTHOE,  Phthisis  pulmonalis. 

PNEUMORI1HAGIA,  Hemoplysis-p.  In- 
terna, Haematolhorax. 

PNEUMOSEPSIS,  Necropneumonia. 

PJVEUMOSES,  from  nvtv/twr,  'the  lung.' 
A  term  under  which  Alibert  comprises  every 
morbid  affection  of  the  lurxrs. 

PNEUMOTHORAX,  Pneumothorax,  Pneuma- 

tothorax,  Emphyse'ma  pec'toris,  Asthma  a'erium, 
A.  emphysematficum,  Dyspnm'a  pneumaficu,  D. 
pkysolhoraef'iea,  Physothorax,  from  nvevfia., 
'air,' and  drnQa^,  'the  thorax.'  An  accumula- 
tion of  air  in  the  cavity  of  the  pleura.  A  com- 
plaint generally  sudden  in  its  invasion  and 
fatal  in  its  character.  In  many  instances,  along 
with  the  air  a  liquid  is  effused.  The  disease 
may  be  spontaneous  and  simple,  but  in  a  large 
proportion  of  cases  it  is  complicated  with  pleu- 
risy and  pulmonary  tubercles.  The  signs  vary 
according  as  there  is,  or  is  not,  a  communica- 
tion between  the  pleura  and  the  bronchia.  The 
affected  side  gives  a  hollow  tympanitic  sound, 
even  where  the  thickness  of  the  parietes  of  the 
thorax  is  great.  When  the  effusion  is  consider- 
able, the  affected  side  is  dilated,  but  there  is  no 
rale  of  any  kind.  When  a  gaseous  and  a  liquid 
effusion  are  present  at  the  same  time,  the  sound 
on  percussion  is  found  to  be  clear  at  the  supe- 
riorpart  of  the  thorax, but  dull  inferiorly;  hence, 
by  varying  the  position  of  the  patient,  and  by 
consequence  that  of  the  contained  fluids,  the 
seats  of  the  clear  and  the  dull  sound  will  be 
varied.  When  the  gaseous  effusion  is  owing  to 
a  fistulous  communication  between  the  pleura 
and  bronchia,  the  metallic  respiration  and  reso- 
nance are  heard  ;  and  if  there  be  both  gaseous 
and  liquid  effusion  with  a  fistulous  communi- 
cation, in  addition  to  these  signs  there  is  the 
lintcment  metallique.  The  presence  of  liquid 
can  always  be  ascertained  by  succussion.  See 
Emphysema  of  the  lungs. 

PNEUMOT'OMY,  Pneumotom'ia,  from  mw 
fi.av,  '  the  lung,'  and  Tt/ou,  'I  cut.'  Dissection 
of  the  lungs. 

PNEUMOTYPHUS,  Pneumonia,  typhoid. 

PN  EUOBIOMANTIA,  Docimasia  pul  mon  urn. 

PNEUSIS,  Respiration — p.  Pertussis,  Per- 
tussis— p.  Tussis.  Tussis. 

PNEUSOMETER,  Spirometer. 

PNIGALION,  Incubus. 

PNIGMOS,  Orthopnoea,  Strangulation. 

PNIGOPHOBIA,  Suffocation. 

PK IX,  Orthopnoea,  Strangulation. 

PNOE,  Aura. 

POCHE  DES  EAUX,  see  Parturition. 

POCK,  KINE,  Vaccina. 

POC'ULU  M,  ABSINTH  I  A'TUM.  This  was 
regarded  in  remote  ages  as  a  wholesome  beve- 
rage;—  the  absinthium,  or  'wormwood,'  being 
supposed  to  act  as  an  antidote  to  drunkenness. 

Poculum  Amatorium,  Philter — p.  Emeticum, 
Goblet,  emetic. 

POD'AGRA,  Poilartliri'lis,  Fodorrkeu'tna,from 
rtovc, '  the  foot,'  and  ayoa, '  seizure.'  Pain  which 
attacks  the  feet.  Gout,  (q.  v.)  situate  in  the 
articulations  of  the  foot.     1 1  has,  also,  been  used 


PODAGRA  aberrans 


595 


poisox 


in  a  more  extensive  signification,  synonymously 
with  gout. 

Podagra  Aberrans,  Gout,  (wandering) — p. 
Arthritis.  Gout — p.  Retrograda,  Gout,  (retro- 
grade.) 

PODALGIA,  Gout. 

PODALYRIA  T1NCTOR1A,  Sopliora  tine- 
tori  a. 

PODANENCEPHALIA,  see  Podencephalus. 

PODARTHRIT1S,  Podagra. 

POD  A  RTH  ROC  ACE,  from  novc, '  the  foot,' 
ao&Qov,'&n  articulation,'  and  y.ay.oc,  'bad.'  Ca- 
ries of  the  articulation  of  the  foot. 

POD  KNCEPH  ALIA,  see  Podencephalus. 

PODENCEPII/ALUS,  Podanenceph'alus,  from 
novc,  'the  foot,'  and  y.npaXij,  'the  head.'  A 
monster  whose  brnin  is  placed  outside  the  skull, 
and  seems  to  be  supported  on  a  pedicle,  which 
traverses  the  summit  of  the  skull.  This  state 
of  monstrosity  is  termed  Podawmccphu'lia  or 
more  properly  Podcnccplia'lia.  —  G.  St.  Hilaire. 

PODEX,  Anus. 

PODOL'OGY,  Podolog"ia,  from  novc,  'the 
foot,"  and  Xoyoc.  '  a  discourse;'  a  description  of 
the  foot ;  a  treatise  on  the  foot. 

PODOPHYLLUM  PELTA'TUM,  Podo- 
phyllum, Anapodophyll'um  Canadense,  May  ap- 
ple, Mandrake.  Family,  Podophyllea;.  Sex. 
Syst.  Polyandria  Monogynia.  A  common  plant 
throughout  North  America.  The  fruit  is  eat- 
able, and  esteemed  by  many.  The  leaves  are 
said  to  be  poisonous.  The  root  or  rhizoma,  Po- 
dophyllum, (Ph.  U.  S.)  is  purgative  in  the  dose 
of  20  grains.  R  has,  also,  been  used  as  an  an- 
thelmintic. 

Podophyllum  Monta'num,  Mountain  May  Ap- 
ple, Mandrake,  Wild  Lemon,  Ducksfoot,  Raccoon 
Berry,  Yellow  Berry,  Ground  Lemon,  has  the 
same  oroperties. 

PODORRHEUMA,  Podagra. 

PODOTHE'CA,  from  novc,  'a  foot,'  and  0r;*r/, 
'a  receptacle,'  '  a  sheath.'  The  cuticle  of  the 
foot;  an  anatomical  preparation.  Cliirothe'ca, 
has  been  used  for  the  cuticle  of  the  hand. 

TOILETTE,  Cup. 

POGON,  Beard. 

POGONI'ASIS,  Pogo'nia,  from  nwywv,  '  the 
beard.'  A  female  beard.  Also,  great  strength 
or  quantity  of  beard. 

POHON  ANTIAR,  Upas. 

POIDS  ET  MESURES,  Weights  and  mea- 
surcs. 

POlGNfiE,  Manipulus. 

POIGJVET,  Carpus. 

POFL,  Hair. 

POILETTE,  Cup, 


POINT,  BLISTERING.  A  name  given  by 
Dr.Rushtoan  indeterminate  period  in  thecourse 
of  a  continued  fever,  intermediate  between  its 
stage  of  high  excitement  and  collapse,  in  which 
blisters  will  usually  produce  unequivocally  good 
effects. 

POIJ\T  DE  COTE',  Pleurodynia. 

POINTS  LACRYMJiUX,  Lachrymalia 
puncta. 

POIRE,  see  Pyrus  communis. 

POIREAU,  Allium  porrum. 

POIRIER,  Pyrus  communis. 

POIS  A  CJiUTERE,  see  Fonticulus  —  p. 
Chiche,  Cicer  arietinnm — p.  a  Gratter,  Dolichos 
pruriens — p.  Palate,  Dolichos  tuberosus. 

POISON,  Phar'macon,  Phar'macum,  Tox'icum, 
Vene'num,  Virus,  Delcte'rium.  A  generic  name 
for  all  substances,  which,  when  introduced  into 
the  animal  economy,  either  by  cutaneous  ab- 
sorption, respiration,  or  the  digestive  canal,  act 
in  a  noxious  manner  on  the  vital  properties  or 
the  texture  of  an  organ.  Poisons  exist  in  the 
three  kingdoms  of  nature,  but  those  which  pro- 
ceed from  animals  are  often  called  venoms,  as 
the  venom  of  the  viper,  scorpion,  tarantula, 
&c,  whilst  those  that  are  the  products  of  dis- 
ease, have  the  name  virus.  In  common  par- 
lance, therefore,  poison  is  restricted  to  delete- 
rious articles,  furnished  by  the  mineral  and 
vegetable  kingdom.  Orfila  has  divided  poisons 
into  four  classes.  1.  Acrid,  Ir'ritating,  Cor- 
ro'sive,  or  Escharot'ic,  such  as  the  concen- 
trated acids  and  alkalies;  mercurial,  arsenical, 
cupreous,  and  antimonial  compounds,  cantha- 
rides,  &c.  2.  Narcot'ic;  those  that  act  parti- 
cularly upon  the  brain;  as  opium,  hyoscyamus, 
&c,  but  without  inflaming  the  organ  with  which 
they  come  in  contact.  3.  Narcot'ico-Acrid 
or  Acron arcot'ic  ; — those  that  act  on  the  brain, 
but,  at  the  same  time,  inflame  the  parts  to 
which  they  are  applied;  as  aconite,  belladonna, 
&c.  4.  Septic  or  Putres'cent; — those  fur- 
nished by  the  animal  kingdom.  See  Venom 
and  Virus.  Various  classifications,  of  a  similar 
character,  have  been  recommended  by  different 
toxicoloo-ists;  but  they  are  liable  to  the  objec- 
tion, that  they  throw  substances  together  whose 
physiological  action  on  the  system  is  very  dif- 
ferent. It  is,  indeed,  difficult  to  avoid  unna- 
tural compression  of  matters  into  places  not 
properly  belonging  to  them,  in  all  such  arrange- 
ments. 

The  following  table,  which  exhibits  a  coup 
d'cril  of  the  chief  poisons,  with  most  of  the  cir- 
cumstances of  importance  connected  with  them, 
is  not  free  from  these  objections. 


POISONS 


5D6 


POISONS 


TABLE  EXHIBITING  THE  SYMPTOMS,  TREATMENT,  AND  MODE  OF  DETECTING  THE  VARIOUS 

POISONS,  MINERAL,  VEGETABLE  AND  ANIMAL. 

JV.  B.  In  all  cases  the  Stomach- Pump  should  be  used  as  soon  as  possible. 

I.   INORGANIC    POISONS. 


Poisons 


ACIDS. 

Acetic  Acid. 

Citric  Acid. 
Muriatic  Acid. 

Nitric  Acid. 
Sulphuric  Acid. 
Tartaric  Acid. 

Oxalic  Acid. 


Prussic  Acid. 

Oil  of  Bitter  Al- 
monds. 

Laurel  Water. 


Symptoms. 


ALKALIES  and 
their  SALTS. 

Ammonia, 

Strong  Liijtior  or 

Water  of. 

Muriate  of  Am- 
monia or  Sal 
Ammoniac. 

POTASSA. 

Caustic  Potash, 
and  Liquor  Po- 
tassa. 

Carbonate  of,  or 
Pearl  Ash,  and 
Salt  of  tartar. 

Nitrate  of  Potas- 
sa,  or  Saltpetre. 

Sulphuret  of,  or 
Liver  of  Sul- 
phur. 

Soda. 


EARTHS      and 
COMPOUNDS. 

Bartta. 
Carbonate  of  Ba- 
ryta. 
Muriate    of  Ba- 
ryta. 

Witratc  of  Baryta. 

Lime. 


The  acids,  generally,  are 
strong  corrosive  poisons. 
Sour,  acrid  taste,  burning 
in  the  throat,  which  is  in- 
creased by  pressure,  swal- 
lowing or  coughing;  eruc- 
tation, and  excruciating 
pain  in  the  stomach;  more 
or  less  corrugation  of  the 
lining  membranes  of  the 
mouth  and  prims  vi;e:  ex- 
coriation about  the  mouth 
or  such  other  parts  of  the 
skin  as  the  acid  may  have 
touched.  The  matter,  vo- 
mited effervesces  with  car- 
bonate of  lime.  The  coun- 
tenance becomes  glazed,  ex- 
tremities cold  and  clammy; 
convulsions  and  death.  Ni- 
tric acid  occasions  yellow 
stains,  and  sulphuric  acid, 
black. 


Is  a  sedative  poison;  nau- 
sea, giddiness,  debility,  hur- 
ried pulse,  weight  and  pain 
in  tlie  head;  eructations 
having  the  flavour  of  the 
acid;  spasms,  tetanus,  con- 
tractile pupil;  convulsions, 
death. 


Treatment. 


The  carbonates  of  soda, 
potassa,  lime  and  magne- 
sia, are  all  antidotes  to  the 
acids;  calcined  magnesia 
also.  They  are  to  be  used 
with  the  following  restric- 
tions; for  the  acetic,  citric, 
muriatic,  sulphuric,  and 
tartaric  acids,  they  may  be 
used  indiscriminately.  For 
the  nitric  and  oxalic,  car- 
bonates of  magnesia  and 
lime  can  alone  be  employed 
with  safety.  In  the  case  of 
sulphuric  acid, water  should 
not  be  drunk  on  account  of 
the  great  heat,  which  is 
produced  by  their  mixture. 
Subsequent  inflammation 
to  be  treated  by  ordinary 
means. 

The  carbonates  of  the  al- 
kalies and  of  magnesia  and 
lime  have  the  inconveni- 
ence, that  a  large  quantity 
of  gas  is  extricated  in  the 
stomach. 

Ammonia  is  an  antidote: 
but  it  should  not  be  em- 
ployed in  a  very  concen- 
trated form.  Liquid  chlo- 
rine has  also  been  found 
efficacious.  The  cold  douche 
to  the  head  has  been  re- 
commended. 


Tests 


Sulphuric  acid  is  known  by  a 
white  precipitate  with  any  salt  of 
baryta,  insoluble  in  nitric  acid. 

Muriatic  acid  is  known  by  a  white 
precipitate  with  nitrate  of  silver, 
insoluble  in  nitric  acid,  which  turns 
black  by  the  action  of  light. 

Nitric  acid  gives  rise  to  orange 
coloured  fumes,  when  copper  is 
placed  in  it,  and  an  ability  to  dis- 
solve gold  when  mixed  with  inuria 
tic  acid. 

Acetic  acid  exhales  the  odour  of 
vinegar. 

Citric acidb\ackens  when  heated. 

Tartaric  acid  precipitates  crystals. 
with  a  solution  of  potassa;  and  a 
white  precipitate  is  thrown  down 
by  lime-water. 

Oxalic  acid  gives  a  white  precipi 
tate  with  lime  water,  which,  when 
heated,  is  converted  into  carbonate 
of  lime. 


Prussic  acid  exhales  the  odour  of 
peach  kernels;  forms  a  white  pre 
ci  pi  tate  with  nitrate  of  silver;  neu- 
tralized with  an  alkali,  gives  a 
blue  precipitate  with  the  per-salfa 
of  iron. 


Violent  caustic,  acrid 
taste ;  great  heat  in  the 
throat,  with  destruction  of 
its  lining  membrane  ;  diffi- 
cult and  painful  degluti- 
tion ;  vomiting  of  bloody 
matter,  which  turns  the 
yellow  of  turmeric  brown  ; 
acute  pain  in  the  stomach  ; 
cold  sweats,  weakness,  hic- 
cough; violent  colic  pains, 
with  purging  of  bloody 
stools  and  membranous 
flakes;  death. 


The  nitrate  of  potassa 
will  not  manifest  the  effect 
with  turmeric  paper.  The 
carbonates,  when  vomited, 
will  effervesce  with  acids; 
and  the  liver  of  sulphur 
will  give  rise  to  eructations 
of  sulphuretted  hydrogen. 


Analogous  with  those  of 
the  corrosive  metals.  Vio- 
lent burning  in  the  sto- 
mach, vomiting,  gripes,  di- 
arrhoea: excessive  muscu- 
lar debility,  headache,  con- 
vulsions, death.  Lime  dif- 
fers from  baryta  in  being  a 
pure  irritant. 


The  vegetable  acids,  such 
as  vinegar,  lemon  juice, 
citric  and  tartaric  acid  in 
solution  are  antidotes  to  the 
alkalies  and  their  carbo- 
bonates.  The  fixed  oils, 
such  as  castor,  linseed,  al- 
mond and  olive,  form  soaps 
with  the  free  alkalies,  and 
therefore  destroy  their  caus- 
tic effects. 


Poisoning  by  nitrate  of 
potassa  to  be  treated  on  ge- 
neral antiphlogistic  princi- 
ples, mucilaginous  drinks. 

Liver  of  sulphur  is  said 
to  be  decomposed  and  neu- 
tralized by  common  salt. 
The  liquid  chloride  of  soda 
will  also  decompose  it. 


The  sulphates  of  soda 
and  magnesia  are  prompt 
and  effective  antidotes  to 
all  the  poisonous  salts  of 
baryta.  Phosphate  of  soda 
will  also  counteract  their 
effects.  Lime  may  be  neu 
tralized  by  dilute  acids. 
Carbonic  acid,  in  soda  wa- 
ter, effervescing  draught  or 
yeast,  it  is  supposed,  would 
answera  good  purpose.  The 
fixed  oils  may  be  employed 
either  for  baryta  or  lime, 
when  not  in  a  compound 
state. 


The  alkalies  are  known  by  theSf 
action  on  turmeric  paper  ;  1 1 
the    colour  of   litmus,  which  lias 
been  reddened  by  an  acid. 

Carbonates  are  known  by  their 
effervescence  with  an  acid  ;  some  of 
them  affect  the  turmeric  paper.  Sal 
ammoniac  gives  out  the  pungent 
odour  of  ammonia,  when  mixed 
with  quicklime. 


Nitrate  of  potassa  decrepitates 
and  deflagrates  when  thrown  on 
hot  coals. 

Liver  of  sulphur  emits  the  odour 
of  sulphuretted  hydrogen  when  dis- 
solved,  or  when  treated  with  aa 
acid. 


Baryta  and  its  salts  invariably 
give  a  white  precipitate  insoluble 
in  acid,  with  a  soluble  sulphate 

Lime,  when  dissolved,  gives  a 
white  precipitate  with  oxalic  acid 
Also  with  carbonic  acid,  or  a  solu 
ble  carbonate.   The  same  of  baryta. 


POISONS 


597 


POISONS 


^  Poisons. 

Symptoms. 

Treatment. 

Tests. 

ALCOHOL. 

Brandy,    Wines, 
and    all   Spiri- 
tuous Liquors. 

Intoxication,   and   when 
taken  very  freely,  complete 
insensibility,     with     apo- 
plexy  or    paralysis  of  one 
side;  the  countenance  swol- 
len and  of  a   dark-red  co- 
lour;   the    breathing    diffi- 
cult, and  often   stertorous, 
with  a  peculiar  puffing  out 
of  the  lips;  the  breath  smells 
of  liquor,  which   will   dis- 
tinguish the  symptoms  from 
those  of  spontaneous  apo- 
plexy. 

A    powerful    emetic    of 
white  vitriol,  or  tartar  eme- 
tic, should  be  got  into  the 
stomach  as  soon  as  possi- 
ble ;  and  if  the  person  has 
lost  the  power  of  swallow- 
ing,  a  flexible  catheter  or 
tube  should  be  the  means  of 
conveying  it  thither.    The 
vomiting  should  be  encou- 
raged as  much  as  possible 
with  warm  water;  and  large 
and   active  glysters  of  salt 
and  water  should  be  thrown 
up.     The  patient  should  be 
placed    erect,    and    if    the 
countenance  and  other  ap- 
pearances be  not  improved 
after  these  means  have  been 
used,  the  jugular  vein  may 
be  opened,   and  cold    wet 
cloths  applied  to  the  head, 
particularly  if  the  body  be 
hotter  than  natural.    If  the 
extremities    become     cold, 
warmth  and  friction  should 
be  perseveringly  used. 

VOLATILE 

OILS. 

Creasote. 

Dippel's    Animal 

Oil. 

Oil  of  Tar. 

Oil  of  Tobacco. 

Oil  of  Turpentine. 

Fusel  Oil. 

General    action    that    of 
irritant    poisons.     Burning 
pain,     vomiting,     pungent 
taste,  purging,  &.c.  The  oils 
of  turpentine  and  tobacco 
affect  the  nervous  system  ; 
the  peculiar  odour  of  each 
oil   will   be   manifested    in 
the  matter  vomited. 

Creasote  is  immediately 
coagulated      by     albumen. 
Dippel's  animal  oil  may  be 
counteracted    with     dilute 
acids    and  the    fixed    oils. 
The  other  oils  have  no  par- 
ticular antidotes,  and  their 
effects  must,  therefore,  be 
counteracted  upon  general 
principles. 

No  better  mode  of  recognising 
these  substances  exists,  than  that 
derived  from  their  peculiar  odour. 
Dippel's  oil  has  the  pungent  odour 
of  ammonia  ;  creasote  and  oil  of  tar, 
a  peculiar  smell  of  smoke ;  the  odour 
of  tobacco  and  turpentine  are  well 
known  ;  and  fusel  oil  has  a  peculiar, 
offensive,  suffocating  odour. 

GASES. 

Carbonic  Acid  or 

Fixed  Air. 

Carbonic  Oxide. 

Fumes   of  Burn- 
ing Charcoal. 

Chlorine. 

Sulphuretted  Hy- 
drogen. 

Chlorine  produces,  when 
inhaled,    violent   irritation 
of  the  organs  of  respiration; 
cough,    bloody    expectora- 
tion,  inflammation  of  the 
lungs,  and  permanent  pul- 
monary disease.    The  other 
gases,   although   producing 
some  effect  on  the  respira- 
tory organs,  act  as  poisons 
in  consequence  of  their  se- 
dative agency.    The  symp- 
toms, therefore,  are  those 
of  apoplexy  or  narcotic  poi- 
soning. 

The  antidotes  to  chlorine, 
are  the  cautious  inhalation 
of  ammonia,  or  sulphuret- 
ted hydrogen.   The  inflam- 
matory    symptoms      from 
chlorine  to  be  treated    on 
general  principles.    For  the 
other  gases,  cold  affusions 
to  the  head,   blood-letting, 
artificial  respiration. 

Chlorine  is  recognised  by  its  pe- 
culiar odour  and  bleaching  proper- 
ties. Sulphuretted  hydrogen  by  its 
fetid  smell,  and  the  rapid  blacken- 
ing of  lead.  Carbonic  acid  by  its 
occasioning  turbidness  in  lime-wa- 
ter placed  in  its  atmosphere.  Car- 
bonic oxide,  by  the  blue  colour  of  its 
flame. 

IODINE. 

Iodide  of  Potas- 
sium. 

Irritant  symptoms  :  burn- 
ing pain  in  the  throat,  lace- 
rating pain  in  the  stomach, 
and  fruitless  efforts  to  vo- 
mit ;  suffusion  of  the  eyes  ; 
excessive  pain  and  tender- 
ness of  the  epigastrium. 

Iodine     combines    with 
starch  and  forms  an  insolu- 
ble compound.  The  prompt 
administration    of    starch, 
wheat  flour,  or  other  vege- 
table matter  containing  fe- 
cula,  beat  up  in  water,  is 
recommended.      Iodide    of 
potassium  has  no  antidote. 
Vomiting    should    be    pro- 
moted by  draughts  of  warm 
water,  ami  inflammation  be 
subdued   by   general   treat- 
ment. 

Iodine  is  known  by  its  odour,  and 
the  formation  of  a  blue  precipitate 
when  brought  in  contact  with  a 
cold  solution  of  starch.  Iodide  of 
potassium  gives  a  crystalline  preci- 
pitate, with  tartaric  acid  in  excess. 
The  supernatant  fluid  will  give  the 
blue  colour  to  starch. 

METALS. 

Antimony. 
Tartar  Emetic. 

Muriate,  or  But- 
ter of  Antimony. 
Oxide    of    Anti- 
mony. 

Vomiting.      If  vomiting 
do  not  occur  promptly,  vio- 
lent    irritant     effects    are 
produced.    Burning  pain  in 
the    pit   of    the    stomach; 
Purging;      colicky     pains, 
sense  of  tightness   in   the 
throat,  violent  cramps;  re- 
peated recurrence  of  vomit- 
ing. 

If  vomiting  have  not  been 
produced,     it     should      be 
brought  about,  by  tickling 
the    fauces,  and    adminis- 
tering copious  draughts  of 
warm    water.     Astringent 
infusions,  such  as  of  galls, 
oak  bark,  Peruvian  bark, 
act  as  antidotes,  and  should 
be   given    promptly;    pow- 
dered yellow  bark  may  be 
used,  until  the  infusion  is 
prepared. 

Antimony  in  solution  is  best  dis- 
tinguished by  the  peculiar  orange- 
red  precipitate,  which  it  forms  with 
sulphuretted  hydrogen  or  solutions 
of  the  hydrosulphates.  Free  alka- 
lies produce  while  precipitates.  The 
muriate  is  known  by  a  white  preci- 
pitate, when  it  is  poured  into  wa- 
ter. In  its  solid  forms,  it  may  be 
known  by  the  formation  of  white 
fumes,  when  heated,  which  redden 
litmus.  It  may  also  be  converted 
into  muriate,  and  then  precipitated 
by  adding  water. 

POISONS 


598 


POISONS 


Poisons. 

Arsenic. 
Arsenious     Acid, 
or   White  Arse- 
nic. 

Orpiment,  or  Yel- 
low Sulphurct 
of  Arsenic. 

King's  Yellow. 

Realgar,  or  Red 
Sulphur  et.  of 
Arsenic. 

Fly  Powder. 

Fowler's      Solu- 
tion. 

Arsenical    Paste. 

Arsenical  Soap. 

Arsinite  of  Cop- 
per. 
Scheele's    Green. 


Nitrate    of    Bis- 
muth. 

Pearl  Powder. 

Oxide  of  Bismuth. 

Copper. 
SulphalcoJ 'Copper. 

Blue'  Vitriol. 
Acetate  of  Copper. 

Vtrdigris. 
Carbonate  of  Cop- 
per. 
Blue  Verditer. 
Arsenite  of  Cop- 
per. 
Scheele's  Green. 
Food    cooked    in 
dirty  copper  ves- 
sels,  or  pickles 
made  green   by 
copper. 


Symptoms. 

Violent  burning  pain  in 
Hie  region  of  the  stomach 
and  bowels ;  tenderness  011 
pressure;  retching;  vomit- 
ing; sense  of  dryness  and 
tightness  in  the  throat ; 
thirst;  hoarseness  and  diffi- 
culty of  speech;  the  matter 
vomited  greenish  or  yellow- 
ish, sometimes  streaked 
with  blood  ;  diarrhoea  ;  te- 
nesmus; sometimes  excoria- 
tion of  the  anus ;  urinary 
organs  occasionally  affected 
with  violent  burning  pains 
and  suppression  ;  convul- 
sions and  cramps;  clammy 
sweats;  lividity  of  the  ex- 
tremities; countenance  col- 
lapsed ;  eyes  red  and  spark 
ling ;  delirium  ;  death. 


Similar  to  those  produced 
from  other  irritatit  poisons. 
General  inflammation  of 
the  whole  alimentary  canal; 
suppression  of  urine;  hic- 
cough, disagreeable  metal- 
lic taste;  vomiting;  cramps: 
delirium;  death. 

Very  similar  to  those  pro- 
duced by  arsenic.  Coppery 
eructations  and  taste.  Fa- 
tal cases  are  generally  ter- 
minated by  convulsions, 
palsy,  insensibility. 


Treatment. 

The  hydrated  peroxide  of 
iron  diffused  through  wa- 
ter ;  or  the  precipitated  car- 
bonate ;  or  the  rubigo  ferri, 
in  very  fine  powder,  to  be 
administered  every  live  or 
ten  minutes,  until  relief  is 
obtained.  This  is  particu- 
larly efficacious  when  the 
white  arsenic  has  been  swal- 
lowed. If  the  arsenic  have 
been  taken  in  the  form 
of  Fowler's  Solution,  lime- 
water  in  copious  draughts, 
may  be  given.  For  either 
of  the  other  forms,  emetics 
of  sulphate  of  zinc:  dilu- 
ents ;  demulcents,  such  as 
flaxseed  tea,  infusion  of 
slippery  elm,  &.c.  Counter- 
irritants  may  be  used  to  re- 
lieve the  spasm,  and  violent 
pain  in  the  stomach.  Bleed- 
ing, as  promoting  absorp- 
tion, should  not  be  employ- 
ed until  the  stomach  is  com- 
pletely evacuated. 


Milk  and  sweet  mucila- 
ginous drinks  are  recom- 
mended. Leeches,  general 
bleeding,  glysters  :  fomen- 
tations to  be  employed  on 
the  general  principles  of 
treatment  for  inflammatory 
symptoms. 

Albumen  to  be  adminis- 
tered iii  either  of  its  forms, 
which  can  be  most  readily 
obtained,  as  milk  or  whites 
of  engs.  Vinegar  should 
not  be  given.  The  inflam- 
matory symptoms  are  to  be 
treated  on  general  princi- 
ples, and  so  of  :he  nervous. 


Te!-T9. 

if  the  suspected  substance  can  be 

obtained  free  from  organic  matter, 
the  presence  of  arsenic  urn  readily 
be  shown  by  boiling  it  in  di  I  illi  d 
water,   filtering,   ami   ti  stii 

1st.  Ammoniaco  sulpl 

2d.    Amnioniaco-nitiale    of    silver. 

(Hume's  Test)  3d.  Sulphuretted  hy- 
drogen gas.  Flic  first  will  produces 
green  precipitate;  second,  npale  yel- 
low precipitate:  third, a.  bright  yellow 
precipitate,  if  arsenic  be  present.  A 
portion  of  the  powder,  or  one  of 
these  precipilaies  carefully  and  tho- 
roughly dried,  is  then  to  be  mixed 
with  charcoal  and  exsiccati  d 
nate  of  soda,  to  be  placed  in  a  small 
glass  tube  closed  at  one  end,  and 
then  to  he  heated  lo  a  red  heat  in 
the  flame  of  a  lamp.  The  arsenic 
will  be  reduced,  and  sublime  in  the 
upper  pait  of  the  tube— forming  a 
dark  crust,  having  considerable  lus- 
tre on  its  exterior  surface,  resem- 
bling polished  steel.  By 
heating  this  crust  in  a  very  smail 
flame,  crystals  of  white  arsenic  will 
be  formed,  having  a  high  adaman- 
tine lustre. 

If  organic  matter  be  present,  it 
must  be  entirely  destroyed  by  heat- 
ing the  substance  with  nitro-muria- 
tic  acid.  After  this  has  been  done, 
and  a  clear  transparent  solution  in 
distilled  water  has  been  obtained, 
the  subsequent  process  is  as  above 
indicated.  If  arse u ions  acid  be  sub- 
mitted to  the  action  of  nascent  hy- 
drogen, it  is  deoxidized,  and  the 
metallic  arsenic,  thereby  obtained, 
combining  with  hydrogen,  forms  ar- 
senurelted  hydrogen  gas.  (Marsh's 
Test.) 

Add  fo  a  suspected  solution  a  few 
drops  of  pure  chlorohydric  acid,  and 
place  in  it  a  slip  of  bright  copper; 
no  change  occurs  until  the  liquid  is 
brought  to  th  i  boiling  point,  when, 
if  arsenic  be  present,  even  in  small 
quantity,  the  copper  acquires  an 
ron-gray  coating  from  the  deposit 
of  that  meial.  Remove  the  slip  of 
copper;  wash  it  in  water,  dry  it  and 
gradually  heat  it  in  a  reduction  tube, 
when  arsenious  acid  will  be  sub- 
limed in  minute octohedral crystals. 
The  test  succeeds  with  powdered 
arsenic,  the  arsenites,  arsenic  acid, 
the  arseniates  and  i  rpiment  It  will 
even  separate  the  arsenic  from  ar- 
senite of  C0|  per,  and  from  common 
lead-shot.     Reinsch's  Test. 

Bismuth  is  known  by  the  forma- 
tion of  a  white  precipitate  when  its 
solution  in  nitric  acid  is  poured  into 
water;  and  by  the  formation  of  a 
black  precipitate  with  sulphuretted 
hydrogen  gas,  and  hydrosulphatcs 
in  solution. 


The  presence  of  copper  is  readily 
shown  in  solutions.  By  ammonia 
a  beautiful  bluish  precipitate  is 
thrown  down,  which  dissolves  in 
an  excess  of  Hie  precipitant,  and 
the  solution  has  a  rich  blue  colour. 
A  bright  iron  bar,  introduced  into 
solutions  of  copper,  occasions  the 
separation  of  the  copper,  in  a  metal- 
lic form,  which  deposits  itself  upon 
the  iron. 


POISONS 


399 


POISONS 


Poisons. 


Gold. 
Chloride  of  Gold. 


Fulminating 
Gold. 


Iron. 


Sulphate  of  Iron. 

Copperas. 
Green  Vitriol. 


Chloride  of  Iron. 

Lead. 
Acetate  of  Lead. 
Sugar  of  Lead. 

Carbonutc  of  Lead. 
While  Lead. 

Red  Oxide,  or  Red 
Lead. 

Litharge. 

Wines  sweetened 
by  Lead. 

Water  win  eh  has 
been  kept  in 
Leaden  vessels. 

Acid  filed,  cooked, 
or  left  standing 
in  vessels  glazed 
with  Lead. 

Mercury. 
Corrosive     Subli- 

Cyanurel  ofMer- 

,    airy. 

Nitrate    of  Mer- 
cury. 

White  Precipitate. 

Red  Oxide,  or  Red 
Prrc  pitate. 

Sulphate,  or  Tur- 
bitli  Mineral. 

Vermilion  or  Red 
Snlphuret. 

Silver. 
Nitrate  ofSlver, 
or  Lunar  Caus- 
tic. 


Tin. 

Chloride  of  Tin. 

of  Tin, 
used  hy  Dyers. 

Oxide  of  Tin,  or 
Putty  Powder. 

Zinc. 
Oxide  of  Zinc. 

Sulphate  of  Zinc. 

Wh  te  Vtiiol. 

Acetate  of  Zinc. 


Symptoms. 

V'ery  analogous  to  those 
of  other  irritant  poisons. 
This  substance  communi- 
cates a  pink  Btain  to  the 
flesh,  and  patches  of  that 
colour  may  ho  found  about 
the  lips,  and  inside  the 
mouth. 

Symptoms  of  irritant  poi- 
soning; colic  pains,  con- 
stant vomitingand  purging. 
Violent  pain  in  the  throat, 
tension  of  the  epigastrium, 
coldness  of  the  skin  and 
feebleness  of  the  pulse. 


Irritation  of  the  alimen- 
tary canal;  spasm;  nervous 
symptoms;  paralysis  either 
partial  or  complete.  When 
taken  for  some  time  in 
small  quantity,  violent  and 
obstinate  colic:  rigidity  of 
abdominal  muscles,  ciamps; 
remission  of  pain  ;  obsti- 
nate constipation,  urine  di- 
minished, saliva  increased  ; 
countenance  anxious  and 
gloomy.  If  relief  be  not 
promptly  obtained,  giddi- 
ness, debility,  torpor,  coma, 
convulsions  and  death.  The 
paralysis  affects  generally 
the  upper  extremities. 


Violent  symptoms  of  irri- 
tant poisoning:  harsh  me- 
tallic astringent  taste:  burn- 
ing pain  In  the  stomach; 
vomiting,  and  purging  fre- 
quently of  bloody  matter; 
often  irritation  of  the  uri- 
nary organs  and  sometimes 
suppression;  tightness  and 
burning  in  the  throat,  occa- 
sionally so  great  as  to  pre- 
vent speech;  countenance 
not  always  pale,  but  some- 
times flushed;  tendency  to 
doze,  stupor,  convulsions 
and  death. 


Those  of    other   irritant 
poisons. 


Treatment. 

The  salts  of  gold  are  de 
composed  by  sulphate  of 
iron;  and  this  has,  there- 
fore, been  recommended  as 
an  antidote.  Inllammatorj 
symptoms  to  be  treated  on 
general  principles. 


Carbonate  of  soda  would 
be  a  most  excellent  anti- 
dote to  either  of  these 
substances.  Mucilaginous 
drinks  might  also  be  em- 
ployed; and  particulars)  mp- 
toms  relieved  by  general 
treatment. 

Sulphate  of  magnesia  and 
phosphate  of  soda,  are  both 
good  antidotes  for  the  solu- 
ble salts  of  lead.  For  the 
solid  forms,  dilute  sulphuric 
acid  may  be  drunk.  These 
are  applicable  to  the  irri- 
tant forms  of  poisoning  by 
lead.  In  the  chronic  form 
or  colica  pictonum,  purga- 
tives and  anodynes  are  re- 
sorted to;  venesection;  and 
external  applications  to  re- 
lieve the  cramps.  The  use 
of  strychnia  is  recommend- 
ed for  the  paralysis. 


Albumen  in  some  form 
must  be  promptly  adminis- 
tered; either  white  of  eggs 
beaten  up  with  water,  milk, 
or  wheat  flour  beaten  up. 
The  inflammatory  symp- 
toms to  be  counteracted  by 
the  usual  means.  Gold 
finely  mixed  in  dust,  with 
fine  iion  filings? 


The  same  as  'hose  from 
other  irritant  poisons,  and 
a  peculiar  tanned  appear- 
ance of  the  villous  coat  of 
the  stomach. 


Violent  vomiting;  astrin- 
gent taste,  burning  pain  in 
the  stomach;  pale  counte- 
nance; cold  extremities; 
dull  eyes;  fluttering  pulse. 
Death  seldom  ensues,  in 
consequence  of  the  emetic 
effects. 


Chloride  of  sodium  or 
common  salt  immediately 
decomposes  this  substance 
and  destroys  its  activity. 
Antiphlogistic  treatment  is 
to  be  employed  for  the  in- 
flammatory symptoms. 


Milk  to  be  given  copious- 
ly, and  the  subsequent 
treatment  to  be  regulated 
by  the  symptoms. 


The  vomiting  may  be  re- 
lieve:! hy  copious  draught 
of  warm  water.  Carbonate 
of  soda,  administered  in  so- 
lution, will  decompose  the 
sulphate  of  zinc  Milk  and 
albumen  also  act  as  anti- 
dotes. General  principles 
to  be  observed  in  the  subse- 
quent treatment. 


Tests. 

Chloride  of  gold  is  very  readily  de- 
composed and  the.  gold  separated  in 
a  metallic  state.  Protosulphate  of 
iron,  nitrate  of  silver  and  protochlo- 
ride  of  tin,  all  answer  this  purpose. 
The  precipitated  powder  will  be 
found  insoluble  except  in  nitro-mu- 
riatic  acid. 

Iron  is  recognised  by  a  bluish- 
black  precipitate,  with  tincture  of 
galls;  rich  blue,  with  prussiate  of 
potassa;  and  a  greenish  or  reddish 
precipitate,  with  the  free  alkalies 
or  their  carbonates. 


Soluble  salts  of  lead  yield  a  white 
precipitate  with  sulphates  arid  car- 
bonates in  Solution.  Salts  of  chro- 
mic acid  and  iodide  of  potassium 
occasion  a  yellow  precipitate.  Sul- 
phuretted hydrogen,  a  black  pre- 
cipitate. If  solid,  the  lead  may  he 
converted  into  a  state  of  solution 
by  nitric  acid,  and  the  dilute  solu- 
tion be  tested  as  above. 


The  free  alkalies  differ  in  their 
precipitates  from  solutions  of  mer- 
cury. Potassa  gives,  with  corrosive 
sublimate,  a  yellowish  one;  ammo- 
nia, a  white;  lime-water,  an  orange; 
and  sulphuretted  hydrogen  a  black, 
if  a  drop  of  the  solution  be  placed  on 
a  piece  of  gold,  and  touched  with  a 
knife  or  key,  the  mercury  will  be  re- 
duced which  amalgamates  with  the 
gold,  producing  a  white  spot.  The 
nitrate  of  mercury  gives  a  black  pre- 
cipitate with  the  free  alkalies.  All 
Hie  solid  forms  of  mercury  are  vola- 
tile, and  may  be  reduced  by  heating 
them  in  a  glass  tube  with  charcoal 
and  carbonate  of  soda— when  the 
metallic  mercury  will  sublime,  and 
may  be  collected  in  a  globule. 

Nitrate  of  silver  is  distinguished 
by  the  formation  of  a  white  preci- 
pitate insoluble  in  nitri  acid,  with 
chloride  of  sodium;  a  gray  precipitate 
with  ammonia,  which  is  redissolved 
in  an  excess  of  ammonia;  yellow 
precipitate  with  phosphate  of  soda 
The  precipitate  of  chloride  of  silver, 
obtained  hy  adding  muriate  of  soda 
to  the  nitrate  of  silver,  is  readily  re- 
duced, and  the  metallic  silver  ob- 
tained, by  mixing  it  with  dilute  sul- 
phuric acid  and  granulated  zinc. 

The  chloride  precipitates  "vegeta- 
ble colouring  matter;  also  albumen 
and  gelatin.  The  white  oxide  is 
precipitated  from  its  solution  by  free 
alkalies;  with  sulphuretted  hydro- 
gen gas,  a  brown  precipitate. 

A  white  precipitate  is  thrown 
down  hy  the  flee  .alkalies  from  (In- 
soluble salts  of  zinc,  which  becomes 
yellow  when  strongly  heated-teco- 
verinsi  its  white  colour  on  cooling 
Sulphuretted  hydrogen  occasions  a 
white  precipitate. 


POISONS 


coo 


POISONS 


Poisons. 

Symptoms. 

Treatment. 

Tests. 

PHOSPHORUS. 

Symptoms  of  irritant  poi- 
soning; pain  in  the  stomach 
and  bowels;  vomiting,  diar- 
rhoea, tenderness  and  ten- 
sion of  the  abdomen. 

An  emetic  to  be  prompt- 
ly administered;  copious 
draughts  containing  mag- 
nesia in  suspension;  muci- 
laginous drinks;  general 
treatment  for  inflammatory 
symptoms. 

Phosphorus  is  known  by  its  ready 
inflammability,  luminousness  at  or- 
dinary temperatures,  and  alliaceous 
odour. 

GLASS  or  ENA- 
MEL. 

If  taken  in  very  coarse 
powder,  it  produces  irrita- 
tion  and    inflammation   of 
the  bowels. 

Large  quantities  of  crumb 
of  bread  should  be  eaten  to 
envelop  the  particles.  (?) 
An  emetic  of  sulphate  of 
zinc  should  then  be  given, 
and  vomiting  be  promoted 
by  demulcent  drinks. 

II.    ORGANIC     POISONS. 
1.    VEGETABLE     POISONS. 


Irritant  Poisons. 


Anemone  Pulsatilla.     Wind  Flower. 

Arum  maculatum.     Wake  Robin. 

Bryonia  dioica.    Bryony. 

Caladium  seguinium.    Dumbcane. 

Calla  palmtris.     Water  Arum. 

Caltha  palustris.     Marsh  Marigold. 

Chelidouium  magus.    Celandine. 

Clematis  vitalba.    Virgin  Bower. 

Convolvulus  jalapa.    jalap. 

Convolvulus  scammonia.    Scammony. 

Croton  tiglium.     Purging  Croton. 

Cucumis  colocynthis.    Colocynth. 

Cyclamen  Europteum.     Sow  Bread. 

Da.phnegnidi.um.    Spurge  Flax. 

Daphne  meierettm.     (Mezereon. 

Delphinium  stapkysagna.     Stavesacre. 

Dioica  palustris.    Swamp  leather  wood. 

Equieetum  hyemale.    Scourgrass. 

Ei#horbia    ojjicinarum.       Euphorbium. 
Spurge. 

Gratiola  officinalis.     Hedge  Hyssop. 

Hippomane  mancinella.    Manchineel. 

dura  crepitans.     Sand  Box. 

Hydrocotyler ulgaris.  ftlarsh  Pennywort. 
Jatropha  curcas.    Indian  Nut. 
Jatropha  manikot.    Cassada. 
Juniperus  sabina.  Savin  (oil  of.) 
Juniperus  Virginiana.  Red  Cedar  (oil  of.) 
Momordica    elaterium.      Squirting    Cu- 
cumber. 
Narcissus  pseudo-narcissus.     Daffodil. 
Pastinax  sativa.    Common  Parsnip 
Pedicularis  palustns.  Marsh  Lousewort. 
Phytolacca  decandra.    Poke. 
Piper  cubeba.     Cubebs. 
Plumbago  Europtsa.    Toothwnrt. 
Ranunculus    acris,  and    other   species. 

Crowfoot. 
Rhododendron  chrysanthemum.  Oleander. 
Ricinus  communis.    Castor  Oil  riant. 
Sambucus  ebulus.    Elder. 
Sedum  acre.    Stone  Crop. 
stalagmitis  cambogroides.    Gamboge. 
ranncetum  vulgar e.    Tansy  toil  of.) 

ACRO-NARCOTIC. 
/Elhusa    cynapium.      Common     Fool's 

Parsley. 
Aconitum  napellus.    Monkshood. 
Vgaricus, 5 species.  Mushrooms  (poison- 
ous.) 
Amanitamuscoua.  Truffles  (poisonous.) 
Anagallisart-e/isw.  Meadow  Pimpernell. 
V 11  *  I  :i  Gomes  > 

Apocymim  andro sirmifolium .     Dogsbane. 
Aristolochia  elematttis.     Birthwort. 
Arnica  montana.     Leopard's  bane. 
Asclepias  Syriaca.    Swallowwort. 
Atropa  belladonna.    Deadly  Night  Shade. 
.Eiculiis  Ohioensis.    Buckeye. 
Brucea    antidysenterica.     False  Angus- 

tura  Bark. 
Cerbera,  3  species.    Cerbera. 
ChxrophyWum  sylvesti  e.    Bastard  Hem- 
lock. 


Symjptoms. 


The  general  effects  of  this 
class  of  vegetable  poisons 
are  ; — an  acrid  pungent 
taste,  with  more  or  less  of 
bitterness,  excessive  heat, 
great  dryness  of  the  mouth 
and  throat,  with  sense  of 
tightness  there;  violent  vo- 
miting, the  efforts  being 
continued  even  after  the 
stomach  is  emptied  ;  purg- 
ing, with  great  pain  in  the 
stomach  and  bowels ;  pulse 
strong,  frequent,  and  regu- 
lar; breathing  often  quick 
and  difficult ;  appearances 
of  intoxication  ;  the  pupil  of 
the  eye  frequently  dilated, 
insensibility  resembling 
death,  the  pulse  becomes 
slow  and  loses  its  force,  and 
death  closes  the  scene. 

If  applied  externally, 
many  of  them  produce  vio- 
lent inflammation  of  the 
skin,  with  vesications  or 
eruptions  of  pustules. 


Treatment. 


If  vomiting  have  been  occasioned  by 
the  poison,  and  the  efforts  are  still  con- 
tinued, they  may  be  rendered  easier  by 
large  draughts  of  warm  water,  or  thin 
gruel;  but  if  symptoms  of  insensibility 
have  come  on  without  vomiting,  it 
ought  to  be  immediately  excited  by  the 
sulphate  of  zinc,  or  some  other  active 
emetic  substance,  and  after  il3  opera- 
tion a  sharp  purgative  should  be  given. 
After  as  much  as  possible  of  the  poison 
is  got  rid  of,  a  very  strong  infusion  of 
coffee,  or  vinegar  diluted  with  water,' 
may  be  given  with  advantage.  Cam- 
phor mixture  with  ether  may  be  taken 
frequently,  and  if  insensibility  be  con- 
siderable, warmth,  frictions,  and  blisters, 
may  be  employed.  If  inflammation  or 
other  dangerous  consequences  have  been 
induced,  they  are  to  be  treated  upon  ge- 
neral principles. 

The  fruit  of  Feuillca  Cordifolia  has 
been  lately  recommended  as  a  pow- 
erful antidote  against  vegetable  poi- 
sons :  it  is  to  be  used  in  as  recent  a 
state  as  possible.(?) 

N.  B.  Bromine,  chlorine,  and  iodine 
are  said  to  be  antidotes  to  the  alkaloids 
generally. 


POISONS 


601 


POISONS 


Poisons. 

Chaillotia  toxicana.    Ratbane. 
Clicnopodium  murale.     Wormseed. 
Cicuta  maculala.     American  Hemlock. 
Cicuta  virosa.    Water  Hemlock. 
Cissus.     Cissus. 

Cocculus  Indicns.     Fish  berries. 
Colchicum  autumnale.    Meadow  saffron. 
Conium  macv latum.    Hemlock. 
Coriaria  myrtifolia.    Myrtle-leaved  Su- 
mach. 
Curare      Indian  War  Poison. 
Cvnanchum  erect.um.     Cynanchum. 
Cytisus  laburnum.    Laburnum. 
Datura  stramonium.     Thorn  Apple. 
Digitalis  purpurea.    Foxglove. 
Ergot.    See  Secale. 
Brvum  ervilia.     Bitter  Vetch. 
Gaultheria    procumbens.      Wintergreen 

foil  of) 
Hsmantbus  toxicarius. 
Helleborus  nigcr.    Black  Hellebore. 
Hypnphyllum    sanguinaria.        Paddock 

Stool. 
Ipecacuanha.    Ipecacuanha. 
Lathyrus  cir.era.    Laihyrus. 
Latinis  camphora.     Camphor, 
Loh  iia  infiala.     Indian  'J'obacco. 
Lolium  temulentum.    Darnel. 
Melia  a:cde,ach.     Pride  of  China. 
Mercurialis  perennis.      Mountain   Mer- 
cury. 
Nerum  oleander.    Common  Oleander. 
Nicoiiana  tabacum.    Tobacco. 
CEnanthe  crocata.    Hemlock  Dropwort. 
Piissiflora  quadrangularis     Barbadine. 
Piscidia  erythema.    Jamaica  Dogwood. 
Polygala  vencnosa  (of  Java.) 
Bhus  radicans.    Poison  Vine. 
Rhus  toxicodendron.    Poison  Oak  or  Su- 
mach. 
Robinia  pseudo-acacia.    Locust  Tree. 
Ruta  grarcolens.     Rue. 
Sanguinaria  Canadensis.    Blood  Root. 
Sci  la  maritima.    Squill.     Sea  Onion. 
Secale  cornutum.    Ergot.    Spurred  Rye. 
Slum    latifulium.     Procumbent     Water 

Paisnip. 

■-'pigelia  Marilandica.     Pink  Root. 
Strychnos  Ignalii.    St.  Ignatius's  Bean. 
Strychnos  nux  vomica.    Nux  Vomica. 
Symplocarpus/ffitida.     Skunk  Cabbage. 
Ticunas.,  Extract  of  various  plants — 

South  America. 
Ticute.     Upas  tieute.    Tree  of  Java. 
Triticum  Hybernum.    Wheat  (diseased.) 
Upas  antiar.     Tree  in  Java. 
Veralrum  album.    White  Hellebore. 
Veratrum  viride.    American  Hellebore. 
Woorara.    War  Poison  of  Guiana. 
Zea  mays.    Maize  (diseased.) 

NARCOTIC. 

Aetata  spicata.     Baneberry. 
Amygdalus  communis.     Bitter  Almond. 
Amygdalus  Persica.     Peach. 
Gelseminum  niiidum.  Yellow  Jessamine. 
Heloti ias  erythroderma.     Fly  Poison, 
flyoscyamus  albus.     White  Henbane. 
II yoscyamus niger.    Black  Henbane. 
Kalmia  latifolia.     Mountain  Ivy. 
Lactuca   virosa.      Strong-scented    Let- 
tuce. 
Opium,  and  its  proximate  principles. 
Pa paver  somniferum.     Poppy. 
Paris  qundrifolia.     Herb  Paris. 
Prunus  Caroliniana.    Wild  Orange. 
Prunus  laurocerasus     Cherry  Laurel. 
Prunus  nigra.     Hlack  Cherry. 
Prunus  padus.     Cluster  Chcriy. 
Prunus  Virginiana.     Wild  Cherry. 
Solatium  dulcamara.    Bittersweet. 
Sorbus  amparia.     Mountain  Asll. 
Taxus  baecata.     Yew. 


POISONOUS  MUSHROOMS. 
Agaricus  muscarius.    Fly  Agaric. 
Agaricus  piperatus.    Pepper  Agaric. 

39 


The  narcotic  vegetable 
poisons,  if  taken  into  the 
stomach  or  applied  to  a 
wound, occasion  the  follow- 
ing effects:— stupor;  numb- 
ness ;  heaviness  in  the  head; 
desire  to  vomit,  slight  at 
first,  but  afterwards  insup- 
portable; a  sort  of  intoxi 
cation,  stupid  air,  pupil  of 
the  eye  dilated;  furious  or 
lively  delirium,  sometimes 
pain;  convulsions  of  diffe- 
rent parts  of  the  body,  or 
palsy  of  the  limbs.  The 
pulse  is  variable,  but  at 
first  generally  strong  and 
full;  the  breathing  is  quick, 
and  there  is  great  anxiety 
and  dejection,  which,  if  not 
speedily  relieved,  soon  ends 
in  death. 


Treatment. 


The  stomach  to  be  effectually  eva- 
cuated, by  giving  four  or  five  grains  of 
tartar  emetic,  or  from  ten  to  twenty  of 
the  sulphate  of  zinc,  repeated  every 
quarter  of  an  hour,  till  the  full  effect  is 
produced.  These  means  may  be  assisted 
by  tickling  the  throat  with  afealher  or 
the  finger.  Large  and  strong  glysters  of 
soap  dissolved  in  water,  or  of  salt  and 
gruel,  should  be  speedily  administered, 
to  clear  the  bowels,  and  assist  in  getting 
rid  of  the  poison,  and  active  purgatives 
may  be  given  after  the  vomiting  has 
ceased.  When  as  much  as  pos-ible  of 
the  poison  has  been  expelled,  the  pa- 
tient may  drink,  alternately,  a  tea-cup- 
ful of  strong  hot  infusion  of  coffee,  and 
vinegar  diluted  with  water.  If  the  drow- 
siness, which  is  sometimes  extreme,  and 
the  insensibility  bordering  on  apoplexy, 
be  not  remedied  by  these  means,  blood 
may  be  taken  from  the  jugular  vein,  blis- 
ters may  be  applied  to  the  neck  and  legs, 
and  the  attention  he  roused  by  every 
means  possible.  If  the  heat  declines, 
warmth  and  frictions  must  be  perseve- 
ringly  used.  Vegetable  acids  are  on  m> 
account  to  be  given  before  the  poison  is 
expelled,  and  it  is  desirable  that  but  little 
fluid  of  any  kind  should  be  administered. 
N.  B.  Bromine,  chlorine,  and  iodine 
are  said  to  be  antidotes  to  the  alkaloids 
generally. 


Nausea,  heat,  and  pain  The  stomach  and  bowels  to  be  cleared 
in  the  stomach  and  bowels,  by  an  emetic  of  tartarized  antimony, 
with  vomiting  and  purging,  |  followed  by  frequent  doses  of  Glauber's 


POISONS 


602 


POISONS 


Poisons. 


Aguricus  nccator.    Deadly  Ag.'iric. 
Agaricus  bulbosus     Bulbous  Agaric. 
Agaricus  chantarellus.    Champignon. 


Symptoms. 


Treatment. 


tliirst;  convul-ions,  and 
fainting*;  pulse  small  and 
frequent ;  delirium  ;  dilated 
pupil,  and  stupor;  cold 
sweats,  and  death. 

Poisonous  mushrooms 
may  be  distinguished  from 
the  edible  by  their  botanical 
characters,  and  by  the  fol- 
lowing criteria.  The  for- 
mer grow  in  wet,  shady 
places,  have  a  nauseous 
odour;  are  softer,  more 
open,  and  porous;  have  a 
dirty-looking  surface,  some- 
times a  gaudy  colour,  or 
many  very  distinct  hues, 
particularly  if  they  have 
been  covered  with  an  enve- 
lope; they  have  soft,  bul- 
bous stalks,  grow  rapidly, 
and  corrupt  very  quickly. 


or  Epsom  salt,  and  large,  stimulating 
glysters.  After  the  poison  is  evacuated, 
ether  may  bo  administered,  with  small 
quantities  of  brandy  and  water;  but  if 
inflammatory  symptoms  manifest  them- 
selves, such  stimuli  should  be  omitted, 
and  other  appropriate  means  be  had  re- 
course to. 


2.    ANIMAL    POISONS. 


POISONOUS    FISH. 
Balistes  monoceros.    Old  Wife, 
Cancer  astacus.    Crawfish. 
Cancer  ruricolus.     Land  Crab. 
Clu pea  thryssa.    Yellow-billed  Sprat. 
Coracinus/i<sc?/s  major.    Gray  Snapper. 
Coracinus  minor.     Hyne. 
Coryphcena  splendeits.    Dolphin. 
Mormyra.    Blue  Parrot  Fish. 
Mursena  major.    Conger  Eel. 
Mytilus  edulis.    Mussel. 
Ostracion  globellum.  Smooth  Bottle  Fish. 
Perca  major.    Barracu  la, 
Perca  vcuenosa.    Grooper. 
PeRa  venenata.    Rock  Fish. 
Physalia.     Portuguese  Man  of  War. 
Scomber  cairulcus.    Spanish  Mackerel. 
Scomber  maximus.    King  Fish. 
Scomber  thynnvs.    Bonetta. 
Sparus  chrysops.    Porgee. 
Tetrodon  sceleratus.    Tunny. 
Tetrodon  ocellatus.    Blower. 


POISONOUS  SERPENTS. 
Boa  crotaloides.   Copperhead. 
Cenchus  mockeson.    Mockeson. 
Coluber  bcrus.     Viper. 
Colubrr  prcster.    Black  Viper. 
Crotalus,  (5  species.)    Rattle  Snake. 
Scytale  piseivorus.    Water  Viper. 


CANTIIARIS   VESICATORIA. 

Spanish,  or  Blistering  Fly. 
Lytta  vittala.    Potato  Fly. 


Symptoms. 


In  an  hour  or  two,  or 
often  in  a  much  shorter 
time,  after  the  fish  has 
been  eaten,  a  weight  at  the 
stomach  comes  on,  with 
slight  vertigo  and  headache, 
sense  of  heat  about  the 
head  and  eyes,  considerable 
thirst,  and  often  an  erup- 
tion of  the  skin  (urticaria,) 
and  in  many  cases  death. 


Treatment. 


A  sharp  pain  in  the 
wounded  part,  which  soon 
extends  over  the  limb  or 
body  ;  great  swelling,  at 
first  hard  and  pale,  then 
reddish,  livid,  and  gangre- 
nous in  appearance  :  fainl- 
ings,  vomitings,  convul- 
sions, and  sometimes  jaun- 
dice; pulse  small,  frequent, 
and  irregular;  breathing 
difficult,  cold  sweats,  the 
sight  fails,  and  the  intellec- 
tual faculties  are  deranged. 
Inflammation,  and  often  ex- 
tensive suppuration  and  gan- 
grene, followed  by  death. 


An  emetic  should  be  speedily  admi- 
nistered, or,  in  the  absence  of  it,  vomit- 
ing may  be  excited,  by  tickling  the 
throat  with  the  finger,  and  taking  large 
draughts  of  warm  water.  After  full  vo- 
miting, an  active  purgative  should  be 
given,  to  remove  any  of  the  noxious 
matter  that  may  have  found  its  way 
into  the  intestines.  Vinegar  and  water 
may  be  drunk  after  the  above  remedies 
have  operated,  and  the  body  may  be 
sponged  with  the  same.  Water,  made- 
very  sweet  with  sugar,  to  which  ether 
may  be  added,  may  be  drunk  freely  as  a 
corrective,  and  a  very  weak  solution  of 
alkali  has  been  recommended  to  obviate 
the  effects  of  the  poison.  If  spasm 
ensue;  after  evacuations,  laudanum,  in 
considerable  doses,  is  necessary.  If  in- 
flammation should  occur,  the  usual 
means  of  removing  it  must  be  em- 
ployed. 


A  cupping-glass  to  be  applied  over 
the  wound,  or  a  moderately  tight  liga- 
ture above  the  bites,  and  the  wound 
left  to  bleed  after  being  well  washed 
with  warm  water;  the  actual  cautery, 
lunar  caustic,  or  butter  of  antimony,  to 
be  then  applied  freely  to  it,  and  after- 
wards covered  with  lint,  dipped  in  equal 
parts  of  olive  oil  and  spirit  of  hartshorn. 
The  ligature  to  be  removed  if  the  in- 
flammation be  considerable.  Warm, 
diluting  drinks,  and  small  doses  of  am- 
monia or  hartshorn  to  cause  perspira- 
tion; the  patient  to  be  well  covered  in 
bed,  and  a  little  warm  wine  given  oc- 
casionally. If  gangrene  be  threatened, 
wine  may  be  given  more  freely,  and  the 
bark  should  be  had  recourse  to.  Arsenic, 
the  principal  ingredient  in  the  Tanjore 
Pill,  has  been  strongly  recommended. 


Nauseous  odour  of  the 
breath  ;  acrid  taste  ;  burn- 
ing heat  in  the  throat,  sto- 
mach, and  abdomen  ;  fre- 
quent vomitings,  often 
bloody  with  copious  bloody 
stools  ;  excruciating  pain  in 
the  stomach;  painful  and 
obstinate  priapism,  with 
heat  in  the  bladder,  and 
strangury  or  retention  of 
urine;  frightful  convul- 
sions, (leiiiluin  and  death. 


Vomiting  to  be  excited  by  drinking 
sweet  oil,  sugar  and  water,  milk,  or  lin- 
seed tea,  very  freely.  Emollient  glys 
tors  should  lie  administered,  and  if 
symptoms  of  inflammation  of  the  slo 
much,  kidney,  or  bladder  supervene, 
they  must  be  subdued  by  appropriate 
treatment. 

Camphor  dissolved  in  oil  may  be  rubbed 
over  the  belly  and  on  the  thighs. 


POISONING 


603 


POLIATER 


1 

Symptoms. 

Treatment. 

VENOMOUS  INSECTS. 
Tarantula. 
Scorpio.    Scorpion. 
Vespa  crdbro.     Hornet, 
i  is.     Wasp, 
ii  llifica.    Bee. 
piens.    Gnat. 
CEstrus  beois.    Gad-fly, 

In   general,  the  sting  of 
t Iiesc  insects  occasions  only 
a  Blight  degree  of  pain  and 
swelling;  but  occasionally 
the  symptoms  are  more  vio- 
lent, and  sickness  and  fever 
are  produced  by  the  inten- 
sity of  the  pain. 

At  an  uncertain  interval 
after    the    bite,   generally, 
however,      between      the 
twentieth  day  and  three  or 
four  months,  pain  or  unea- 
siness occurs  in  the  bitten 
part,    though    the    wound 
may  have  been  long  healed. 
Anxiety,  uneasiness,    lan- 
guor,  spasms,  horror,   dis- 
turbed sleep,  difficult  respi- 
ration   succeed,    and    are 
soon  very  much  increased  ; 
violent  convulsions    affect, 
the  whole  body,  hideously 
distorting   the    muscles   of 
the  face ;  the  eyes  are  red 
and   protruded,  the  tongue 
swells  and  often  hangs  out, 
and  viscidsaliva flows  from 
the  mouth;  there  is  pain  in 
the  stomach,   with   bilious 
vomitings  ,a  horror  of  fluids, 
and  impossibility  of  drink- 
ing them.    All  these  symp- 
toms are  aggravated  till  the 
sufferer  is  relieved  by  death. 

Hartshorn  and  oil  may  be  rubbed  on  the 
affected  part,  and  a  piece  of  rag  mois- 
tened in  the  same,  or  in  salt  and  water 
may  be  kept  upon  it  till  the  pain  is  re- 
moved. A  few  drops  of  hartshorn  may  be 
given  frequently  in  a  little  water,  and  a 
r  two  of  wine  may  be  taken.   The 
may,  in  general,  be  removed   by 
making   strong  pressure  around  it  with 
the  barrel  of  a  small  watch-key. 

SALIVA  OF  THE  RABID  DOG. 

Hydrophobia  is  more  easily  prevented 
than  cured:  indeed   it  is  doubted  whe- 
ther it  ever  has  been  cured.     Mercury, 
arsenic,  opium,  musk,  camphor,  acids, 
wine,  vegetable  and  mineral  alkali,  oil, 
various  herbs,   and  many  other  reme- 
dies whose  effects  are  quite  opposite, 
have  been  employed,  but  none  can  be 
relied    on.      Large    blood-lettings,  the 
warm  and  cold  bath,  and  almost  every 
other  remedial   agent,  have  been  tried 
without  success. 

The  bitten  part  should  be  completely 
cut  out,  even  after  it  has  healed,  if  the 
symptoms  have  not  yet  coipe  on;  the 
part  should  then  be  immersed  in  warm 
water,  or  be  washed  with  it  as  long  as  it 
will   bleed,  and  after  the   most   perse- 
vering ablution,  caustic  should  be  ap- 
plied to  every  part  of  the  surface,  and 
then  the  wound  covered  with  a  poul- 
tice,  and  suffered  to  heal  by  granula- 
tions. 

No    milder    discipline    can    ensure 
safety. 

The  most  energetic  poisons  are  used  thera- 
peutically; and  often  with  considerable  advan- 
tage. They  have,  of  course,  to  be  administered 
in  extremely  small  doses;  to  avoid  producing 
poisoning. 

POIS'ONING,  Fenefic"ium,  Toxica'tio,  In- 
toxica'tio,  Entoxis' mus ,  Entoxicis'mus,  Pkarma- 
cei'a,  (F.)  Empoisonnement,  Intoxication.  The 
art  of  applying  a  poisonous  substance  to  any 
of  the  textures,  in  adose  capable  of  occasioning 
more  or  less  serious  symptoms.  Rigorously 
speaking,  therefore,  if  a  physician,  in  treating 
any  case,  employs  a  deleterious  medicine  in  a 
small  dose,  which,  owing  to  particular  cir- 
cumstances, produces  unpleasant  symptoms, 
he  may  be  said  to  have  poisoned.  The  term  is 
however,  generally  restricted  to  poisoning  by 
design. 

Poisoning  has  alsq  been  used,  by  a  few,  to 
denote  the  series  of  symptoms  resembling  those 
produced  by  certain  poisons,  which  occasion- 
ally follow  the  use  of  substances  that  are  ge- 
nerally innoxious.  Overloading  the  stomach 
with  indigestible  food  has,  for  example,  given 
occasion  to  symptoms  resembling  those  pro- 
duced by  a  narcotic  poison,  and  the  effect  lias 
been  termed  poisoning. 

Secret  poisoning  was,  at  one  time,  practised  as 
an  art.  It  consisted  in  administering  medicines, 
which  should  act  as  slow  poisons,  and  gradually 
undermine  the  strength  and  life.  Its  agency 
was  far  from  being  so  extensive  as  was  ima- 
gined. 

POI'SONOUS,  Toxical,  Noxius,-  having  the 
qualities  of  a  poison. 

POISON-BERRY  TREE,  Melia  nzedarnch 
— p.  Italian,  Liquor  arsenicalis— p.  Morbid,  Vi- 
rus— p.  Oak,  Khus  toxicodendron— p.  Root,  Ci- 


cuta  maculata — p.  Vegetable,  Upas— p.  Vine. 
Rhus  radicans. 

POISONS.  ACRO-NARCOTIC,  P.  narcoti- 
co-acrid — p.  Corrosive,  P.  acrid — p.  Escharotic, 
P.  acrid — p.  Irritating,  P.  acrid — p.  Putrescent, 
P.  septid 

POITRINAIRE.  Phthisicus. 

POITR1NE,  Thorax. 

POIVRE  DEAU,  Polygonum  hydropiper— 
p.  de  Guinee,  Capsicum  annuum — p.  d'lnde. 
Capsicum  annuum — p.  de  Jamaique,see  Myrtus 
pimenta — p.  Long, Piper  longum — p.Jfoir,Pipev 
nigrum— p.  Petit,  Vitex— p.  a  Queue,  Piper 
cubeba — p.  Sauvage,  Vitex. 

POIX  BLANCHE,  see  Pinus  abies— p.  de 
Bourgoyne,  see  Pinus  abies — p.  Grasse,  see  Pi- 
nus abies — p.  Jaune,  see  Pinus  abies — p.  Mine- 
rale,  Pissasphaltum— p.  Navale,  see  Pinus  syi- 
vestris — p.  Noire,  see  Pinus  sylvestris. 

POKE,  Phytolacca  decandra— p.  Stink,  Dra- 
contium  foetidum. 

POKE, INDIAN,  Veratrumviride— p.  Weed. 
Phytolacca  decandra,  Veratrum  viride. 

POLANIS1A  GRAVEOLENS,  Clammv- 
iceed,  Stinkweed,  Wormweed,  Clammy  Mustard, 
False  Mustard.  An  indigenous  plant,  Nat.  Orel. 
Capparidea?,  Sex,  Syst.  Dodecandria  Monogyn;a 
— which  blossoms  in  summer,  and  is  found  in 
every  part  of  North  America.  To  the  whole 
plant  have  been  ascribed  anthelmintic  properties, 

POLECAT  WEED,  Dracontium  foetidum. 

POLENTA,  Alphiton. 

POLEY  MOUNTAIN,  OF  CANDY,  Teu- 
crium  Creticum—  p.  Mountain  of  Montpellier. 
Teucrium  capitatum. 

POLlA'TEPi,  from  noxiq,  '  a  town,'  ami 
iar^og,  *  a  physician.'  A  physician  exercising 
his  profession  in  a  town,  by  the  appointment  of 
the  government.— Castelli. 


POLICE,  MEDICAL 


G04 


POLYGONUM  PER8IOARTA 


POLICE',  MED'ICAL,  Media  na  politic?, 

Stale  nied'icine,  Polit'ieal  med'icine.  llygienic 
rules  established,  or  to  be  established  for  the 
prevention  of  disease,  and  to  contribute  to  the 
progress  of  medicine.  The  salubrity  of  dis- 
tricts, especially  during  the  existence  of  spread- 
ing disease,  is  greatly  ensured  by  an  efficient 
medical  police. 

POLlO'SIS,  Tricho'sis  polio' sis,  Spih'sis  poli- 
o'sis.  Cani'ties.    Hair  prematurely  gray  or  hoary. 
POL1UM  CRETICUM,  Teucrium  Creticu'rn 
—  p.  Monlanum,  Teucrium  capitatum. 

POLLLX,  An'tickeir,  Prom! anus,  from  pol- 
lere,  '  to  have  much  strength,'  (F.)  Ponce,.  The 
first  of  the  fingers  in  size  and  strength.  It  is 
asserted,  that  the  term  ■poltroon  is  derived  from 
Pol'lice  irunca'to; — the  Romans,  who  were  de- 
sirous of  being  exempted  from  military  service, 
beino-  accustomed  to  cut  off  the  thumb,  and 
thus  render  themselves  unfit  to  handle  arms. 
Pollex.  see  Digitus. 

Polkx  pedis,  Hollas,  Hallux,  is  the  great  toe. 
POLLINCTOR.   (L.)  In  antiquity. an  anoint- 
er,  dresser,  or  embalmer  of  the  dead. 
POLLliNCTURA,  Embalming. 
POLLOM,  LITTLE,  Polygala  paucifolia. 
POLLU'TIOiN,  Po/lu'tio,  from  polluo,  '  I  pro- 
fane.'    The  excretion  of  the  seminal  liquor  or 
sperm,    at   other    times    than    during    coition. 
When  occasioned  by  a  voluntary  act,  it  13  called 
simply,  Pollution  or  Masturbation,  (q.  v.);  when 
excited  during  sleep,  by  lascivious  dreams,  it 
takes  the  name  JVoctur'nul  pollution,  Exoneiro- 
sis,  Oneirog'rnos,  Oneirog'onos,  Gonorrhoea  dor- 
mien' Hum,  G.  oneirog'onos,  G.vera,  G.  libidino'- 
sa,  Proftu'vium  Se/n'inis,   Spermatorrhea,   Pa- 
ronir'ia  salax,  Night  pollution.     (F.)   Pollution 
involontaire. 

POLLUTION  mVOLONTAIRE,  Pollution 
—  p.  Nocturnal,  Pollution — p.  Self,  Masturba- 
tion—p    Voluntary,  Masturbation. 

POLY,  Polys,  7roX-j(,  '  many,  full.'     Hence: 
POLY^MIA,  Plethora. 
POLYANHJE'MIA,  Anaemia. 
POLYAjVH£MIE,  Anaemia. 
POLY'CERAS,   from    no).vg,   'many,'    and 
xtnag,    '  horn.'      A    monstrous    animal    having 
many  horns.  —  Gurlt 

POLYCHO'LIA,  from  noXvg,  'much,'  and 
%olt],  'bile.'  Superabundance  of  bile;  such  as 
is  supposed  to  exist  in  bilious  fevers. 

POLYCHRES'TUS,   from   noXue,   'much,' 
and   x^'laT05<  '  useful.'     Having  many  virtues. 
An   ancient  name   for  certain  medicines  con- 
sidered to  be  useful  in  many  diseases. 
POLYCHRONIUS,  Chronic. 
POLYCHYMIA  SANGUINEA,  Plethora 
POLYCOR'IA;  from  nolvg,   and  zo^ij,  'the 
pupil  '     The  state  in  which  there  is  more  than 
one  pupil. — Von  Amnion. 

POLYDAC'TYLUS,  Perissodac'tylas,  from 
ttoXvs,  :  many,'  and  dx.xTv\og,  'a  finger.'  One 
who  has  a  supernumerary  fingerorfingors.ortocs. 
POLYDIPSIA,  from  ttoXvc,  'much,'  and 
(Ui' 'j  ,  '  thirst;'  Silis  morbo'sa,  Po/ypo'sia,  Dip- 
so', sis  ovens, — Excessive  thirst.  (F.)  Soif  exces- 
sive. A  constant  desire  for  drinking,  with  a 
sense  of  dryness  in  the  mouth  and  throat.  It 
is  mostly  symptomatic  of  fever,  inflammation, 
dropsy,  excessive  discharges,  &c,  and  is  so 
much  a  part  of  diabetes,  that  it  has  been 
called  Polydipsia. 

POLYG'ALA,fromwo?.u;, '  much,'  and  yxkn, 


'milk;'  P.  vulgaris,  Common  Milkwort.    Fumi- 
ly,  Rhinanthoidee.    Seat.  Syst.  Diadelphia  Oc- 

tandria.    The  leaves  are  bitter,  and  are  used  in 
the  same  cases  as  the  polygala  amara. 

Polygala  Amaiia,  Bitter  Milkwort.  A  pow- 
erful bitter;  and,  consequently,  tonic.  Its  re- 
puted virtues  are  balsamic,  demulcent,  and  cor- 
roborant. The  Polygala  rubella,  or  Bitter  Paly- 
gala  of  the  United  States,  has  the  same  virtues. 
Polygala  Bitter,  see  P.  amara. 
Polyg'ala  Sen'ega,  Sen'cka,  Rattlesnake 
Milkwort,  Senega  or  Rattlesnake  root.  Polygala 
Virginia'na,  (P.)  Polygale  de  Virginie  ou  de 
Scneku.  The  bark  is  the  active  pari  of  the  root. 
Its  taste  is  at  first  acrid,  and  afterwards  very 
hot  and  pungent.  It  was  once  esteemed  to  be 
specific  against  the  poison  of  the  rattlesnake 
and  in  pleurisy,  pneumonia,  &c,  after  the  in- 
flammatory action  had  been  got  under.  It  has 
been  given  also  in  humoral  asthma,  chronic 
rheumatism,  dropsy,  croup,  amenorrhea,  &c. 
According  to  Peschier,  it  contains  three  par- 
ticular principles.  Pol  ygnline  or  Sen'egine,  IsoF* 
usine,  and  Polygalic  Acid.  Dose,  gr.  30  to  40 
of  the  powder. 

Polyg'ala  Paucifo'lia,  Trichisper'ma  gran- 
difiora,   Dwarf  Milkwort,   Little  Poll, mi,   Ever* 
green  Snakeroot  (F.)  Polygale  naine,  possesses 
the  same  properties  as  P.  senega. 
Polygala,  Vihgimana,  P.  senega. 
POLYGALE  jYALYE,  Polygala  paucifolia— 
/).  de  Vircrinie,  Polygala  Virginiana. 
POLY  GA  LINE,  see  Polygala  senega. 
POLYGONATUM,    Convallaria    polygon*- 
turn — p.  Multiflorum,  Convallaria  multiflora — 
p.  Uniflorum,  Convallaria  polyo-onatum. 

POLYG'ONUM  AVICULA'RE,  from  nokuc, 
'much,'  and  yoryj, ' seed.'  Centino'dia,  Centum- 
no' din.  Knot-grass,  Knotwecd,  Birdweed,  SangoU 
na'lis  Currig"iola,  (F.)  Renouce,  Trainasse.  C'en- 
tinode.  Family,  Polygoneae.  Sex.  Syst.  Odan- 
dria  Trigynia.  This  grass  is  said  to  be  a  feeble 
astringent. 

Polygonum  Bistor'ta,  Bistortn,  Offir"innl 
Bistort,  Great  Bistort  or  Snakeweed.  The  root 
is  a  powerful  astringent  and  tonic;  and,  as 
such,  has  been  used  in  internal  hemorrhage, 
atonic  diarrhma,  ague,  &c.  Dose,  gr.  xv.  to  £j. 
Polygonum  Divarica'tum;  —  the  Eastern 
Buckwheat  plant.  The  roots,  reduced  to  a 
coirse  meal,  are  said  to  be  much  used  as  an 
article  of  diet  by  the  Siberians. 

Polygonum  Fago  p'y  k  u  m, —  Fagop'yrum, 
Buckwheat,  Trit'icum  Fagi'num,  (F.)  Sarrasin, 
Ble  noir.  The  grain  of  this  plant  constitutes 
a  principal  article  of  food  with  the  inhabitants 
of  Russia,  Germany,  and  Switzerland.  It  is 
much  used  in  the  United  States. 

Polygonum  Hydropiper,  Hydropiper,  Per- 
sicu'ria  ureas,  Mercurius  terres'tris  .■  the  Poor 
Mans  Pejipcr,  Biting  Arse-smart,  Lake-weed, 
Water '-pep per,  (F.)  Puivre  d'eau.  The  leaves  of 
this  plant  have  an  acrid,  burning  taste;  and 
resemble  those  of  the  arum.  They  have  been 
recommended  as  possessing  antiseptic,  aperient, 
and  diuretic  virtues.  The  fresh  leaves  have 
been  applied  externally,  as  a  stimulating  cata- 
plasm. 

Polygonum  Persica'ria,  Persicaria,  Persi- 
caria  mitis,  Plumba'go,  Arse-smart,  (F.)  Pej-si- 
ceiire,  douce.  This  plant  is  said  to  possess  vul- 
nerary and  antiseptic  qualities.  It  has  been 
given  in  wine  to  arrest  gangrene. 


POLYGROMA 


605 


POLYPUS  BRONCHIALIS 


POLYGROMA,  Staphyloma. 

POLYHI'DRIA,  Polyi'dria:  from  nexus, 
'much;'  and  Udfwg,  'sweat.'  Excessive  sweat- 
ing. 

POLYHYPERH/EM1A,  Plethora. 

POLYIDRlA.Polyhidria. 

POLYLYMPHIA,  Anasarca. 

POLYMA8THUS,  from  now?,  'many,'  and 
,  'breast.'  A  monster  having  several 
breasts.— Gnrlt, 

POLYMERIA  PROMISCUA  TRANSLA- 
TIVA,  Transposition  of  the  viscera. 

POLYMERiS'MUS,  from  -ncxrjg,  'much,' 
and  fcte,oc, '  a  part.'  A  monstrosity,  which  con- 
sists in  the  existence  of  supernumerary  organs; 
as  a  sixth  finger  of  the  hand. 

POLYNEURON,  Plantago. 

POLYOP'SIA,  from  s-c,\v?, '  much,'  and  oxpig, 
'  sinht,'     Vision  is  so  called,  when  multiple. 

POLYPE'RIA,  from  irsxwf,  'much,'  and 
?t>;o'jc,  'mutilated.'  Congenital  misconstruc- 
tions of  various  parts  or  organs. — Good. 

POLYOREX'IA;  from  now?,  'much,'  and 
o^ftic,  '  appetite.'  Excessive  appetite  or  hun- 
ger     A  genus  in  the  Gastroses  of  M.  Alibert. 

POLYPHAGIA,  Multivoran'tia,  from  nowg, 
'much,'  and  axxyot, '  I  eat.\  Voracity.  Faculty 
of  digesting  many  kinds  of  food.  See  Bouli- 
min. 

POLYP  HARM  AGFA,  Polypharmacy,-  from 
ttoAuc,  '  much,'  and  (paQuaxov,  'a  medicine.'  A 
prescription,  consisting  of  a  number  of  medi- 
cines; hence  the  name  Polypharmacies  given  to 
one  who  is  in  the  habit  of  prescribing  a  number 
of  medicines,  and  whose  prescriptions  are  loaded 
With  ingredients.  The  term  is  taken  in  bad 
part. 

POLYPHYSIA,  Flatulence. 

POLYPIFORM  CONCRETIONS,  see  Poly- 
pus. 

POLYPLAS'TIC,  Polyplas'lkus,  from  nokv$, 
*  much.'  and  nlaoow, '  I  form.'  That  which  lias 
many  shapes. 

Po«.v[>lastic  Element,  in  histology,  is  one 
which  does  not  retain  its  primary  shape;  but  un- 
dergoes transformation  into  others. —  G«rber. 

POLYPODl'TES.  Wine  impregnated  with 
polypody. 

POLYPODIUM  CALAGUALA,  Calagualas 
radix — p.  Filix  femina,  Asplenium  filix  fosmi- 
na. 

I'olvpo'djuji  Filix  Mas,  AspidJiutn  Filix 
Mas,  Pterts,  Athy'rium  Filix  Mas,  Bleclinon, 
Polyrrliizon,  B/uncnon  Orilxisii,  Lonchi'iis,  Fi- 
.  Male  Polypody  or  Fern,  Filix  mas,  JVe- 
i/iii  crena'tum,  JV*.  Filix  mas,  (F.)  Fougerc 
m&lc  Nat.  Grrl.  Filices.  Srx.  Syst.  Cryptoga- 
mia  Filices.  The  rhizoma  of  this  plant  has 
been  much  extolled  as  an  anthelmintic,  and  in 
cases  of  taenia.  It  was  the  basis  of  a  once  cele- 
brated remedy — Madame  jYoaffer's — but,  per- 
haps,  more  of  the  efficacy  was  to  he  attributed 
to  the  active  purgatives  by  which  it  was  fol- 
lowed then  to  the  fern.  Dose,  zij.  to  ^iij  of  the 
powdered  solid  part  of  the  roat;  followed,  in 
the  morning  by  a  strong  cathartic  of  camboge 
or  jalap.  An  ethereal  extracthas  been  proposed 
by  Dr.  Peschier,  of  Geneva. 

Polypo'dium   Vclga'rk,   Common  Polypody, 

OOt,  Rock  Brake,  Brake  root.      This  fern 

grows  in  the  clefts  of  rocks,  walls.  &c,  in  both 

hemispheres.     It  was  formerly  regarded  as  a 


cholagogue  and  was  given  in  head  diseases. 
It  is  not  used  now. 

POLYPODY,  MALE,  Polypodium  filix  mas 
— p.  Common,  Polypodium  vulgare. 

POL'YPOID,  Polypoi'des;  from  Polypus, 
(q.  v.,)  and  eiSog, '  form.'  Having  the  shape  of, 
or  resembling  a  polypus. 

POLYPORUS  OFFICINALIS,  Boletus 
laricis. 

POLYPO'SIA,  nolvnoata,  from  noKvg, 
'much,'  and  nomg,  'drink.'  Great  thirst — 
great  desire  for  drink.     Polydipsia,  (q.  v.) 

POL'YTUS,  Pseudometamorpho'  sis  polypo'sa, 
from  7toXv$, '  many,'  and  novg, '  a  foot.'  A  name 
given  to  tumours,  which  occur  in  mucous  mem- 
branes especially ;  and  which  have  been  com- 
pared to  certain  zoophytes.  Polypi  may  form 
on  every  mucous  membrane.  They  are  most 
commonly  observed  in  the  nasal  fossa?,  pharynx, 
and  uterus;  more  rarely  in  the  stomach,  intes- 
tines, bronchial  tubes,  bladder,  and  meatus 
auditorius  externus.  They  vary  much  in  size, 
number,  mode  of  adhesion,  and  intimate  na- 
ture. Accordingly,  they  have  received  various 
appellations;  mucous,  soft,  vesic'ular,  when 
their  substance  has  been  soft,  spongy,  vesicu- 
lar, and,  as  it  were,  gorged  with  fluid.  Otiiers 
have  been  called  hard;  and  these  have  been 
distinguished  into  Jibrous  or  fleshy,  and  into 
scirrhous  or  cancerous.  Fibrous  polypi  are  of  a 
dense,  compact  texture,  and  whitish  colour. 
They  contain  few  vessels,  and  do  not  degene- 
rate into  cancer.  The  scirrhous  or  carcinom'- 
(Uous  are  true  cancerous  tumours,  painful  and 
bleeding.  They  present  all  the  pathological 
changes  which  belong  to  cancerous  affections, 
and  the  prognosis  is  of  course  unfavourable. 

The  mode  of  treating  polypi  must  differ  ac- 
cording to  their  character.  The  means  used 
to  destroy  them  have  been,  1.  To  subject  them 
to  the  action  of  certain  astringent  powders  or 
solutions,  to  obtain  their  resolution.  2.  Cuute- 
rizudon  or  the  application  of  the  actual  cautery 
or  caustics.  3.  Excision  or  ablation  with  a  cut- 
ting instrument.  4.  Extirpation,  with  the  rin- 
gers or  with  the  polj'pus  forceps.  5.  A  liga- 
ture, put  lound  them  so  as  to  prevent  their  nu- 
trition. A  seton  has,  also,  been  sometimes  used 
to  gradually  destroy  the  pedicle. 

The  term  Polypi,  Pstudopolypi,  Cardi'tis 
polypo'sa,  Fol'ypiform  Concre'tions,  (F.)  Concre- 
tions polypeuses  on  polypiformes,  ou  Sanguines 
dn  Cuzur,  has  likewise  been  applied  to  collec- 
tions of  blood — fibrinous  concretions — found  in 
the  heart  or  great  vessels  after  dissolution. 
These  were  once,  erroneously,  regarded  as  mor- 
bid. The  presence  of  these  concretions  maybe 
suspected,  when  in  the  course  of  an  acute  or 
chronic  affection  of  the  heart  or  at  the  close  of 
chronic  diseases  in  general — especially  those 
of  the  lungs — the  heart's  action  becomes  sud- 
denly tumultuous,  obscure,  and  accompanied 
with  a  soft  bellows'  murmur,  whilst  the  gene- 
ral symptoms  indicate  the  effects  of  obstructed 
circulation.  The  right  cavities  are  most  fre- 
quently affected. 

Pol'vpus  Bronchia'lis,  Bronchlcmiui'lis, 
Bronchitis  membranu'eca,  B.  plastic,  Bronchial 
Croup,  Chronic  Croup(?)  Pseudo-membranous 
Bronchitis.  A  membraniform  secretion  in  the 
bronchial  tubes  of  a  diphtheritic  character, 
having  the  shape,  wmen  expectorated,  of  the 


POLYRRHIZON 


COG 


POPLITEAL  ARTERY 


bronchia.    It  is  the  result  of  inflammation  of  the 
lining  membrane  of  those  tubes. 

POLYRRHIZON.  Polypodium  filix  mas. 

POLYRRHCEA,  Profluvium. 

POLYSAR'CIA,  from  rrolvg,  'much,'  and 
fl  ;-:,  '  flesh.'  Carnos'itas,  Polysoma'tia,  Adeli- 
pa'ria,  Corpulen'lia,  (q.v..)  Stmti'tes.  Excessive 
corpulency.  Authors  have  distinguished  two 
varieties  of  this: — Polysarcia  carnosa,  Cor- 
pulency, (q.  v.)  and  P.  adipo'sa  or  Obes'ity, 
Obesfitas,  Hyperpim'ell,  Lipar'ia,  Adiposis,  Poly- 
tar' cia  fagino'sa,  (F.)  Obesitc.  A  severe  re- 
gimen and  exercise  are  the  best  preventives. 

POLYSIA'LIA;  from  truXv?,  'much,'  and 
ciu/.cr,  '  saliva.'     Excessive  discharge  of  saliva. 

POLYSOMATIA,  Polysarcia. 

POL YSPAS'TON,  from  nolvq,  'much,'  and 
07i!to),  'I  draw.'  A  powerful  instrument  for  re- 
ducing luxations. — Gorrseus. 

POLY  STOMA  P1NGU3COLA,  see  Worms 
— p.  Venarum,  see  Worms. 

POLYTR1C,  Asplenium  trichomanoides. 

POLYT'RICHUM,  from  nolvg,  '  much,'  and 
■5gi£,  '  hair.'  Polyfrieon,  Polyt'ricliumvulgafrE, 
Adian'thum  au'reum,  Gulden  Maiden-hair,  (F.) 
Perec-mousse.  It  is  possessed  of  astringent 
properties,  and  was  formerly  given  in  diseases 
of  the  lungs,  and  in  calculous  affections. 

POLYTRICUM  COMMUNE,  Asplenium 
trichomanoides. 

POLYTROPH'JA,  from  nolvg,  '  much,'  and 
Tgstpw,  '  I  nourish.'  Abundant  or  excessive  nu- 
trition. 

POLYURIA,  Diabetes. 

POLYU'RICUS,  from  now?,  'much,'  and 
cvqov,  'urine.'  Sauvages  calls — Ischuria  puly- 
urica — a  kind  of  ischuria,  caused  by  accumula- 
tion of  urine  in  the  bladder. 

FOMA  CHINENSIA,  see  Citrus  aurantium. 

POMACEUM,  Cider. 

POMA'TUM,  Poinma'tum,  (F.)  Pommade, 
Liparole.  A  pharmaceutical  preparation,  em- 
ployed only  externally;  which  differs  but  little 
from  an  ointment,  except  in  having  generally 
less  consistence.  It  is  generally  made  aromatic, 
and  coloured  to  render  it  more  agreeable. 

Common  Pomatum  is  made  of  lard,  12Ibs; 
suet,  4D)s;  essence,  ,^viij. 

Pomatum  ad  Labia  Demolcekda,  Cerate  for 
the  lips — p.  Epispasticum  flavum,  Unguentum 
lyttae  medicatum  aliud — p.  Epispasticum  viride 
ire,  Unguentum  lyttce  inedicaturn — p.  for  the 
Lips,  Cerate  for  the  lips — p.  Nitricum  vel  oxy- 
genatum,  Unguentum  acidi  nitrosi — p.  Suturni, 
T  nguentum  plumbi  superacetatis. 

POMEGRANATE,  Punica  granatum. 

POM1LIUS,  see  Nanus. 

POMMADE,  Pomatum  Liparoles — p.d'Alyon, 
Unguentum  acidi  nitrosi — p.  Antipsorique  de 
Jasser,  Unguentum  sulphuris  compositum — p. 
d'Autenrieth,  Unguentum  antimonii  tartarizati 
— /;.  dc  Cyrillo,  Unguentum  murialis  hydrargyri 
oxygenato  medicatus — p.  Epispastique  jaune, 
Unguentum  lytta;  medicatum  aliud — p.  Epispas- 
tique: verte,  Unguentum  lyttre  medicatum — p.  de 
Garou,  Unguentum  epispasticum  de  daphne 
gnidio. 

POMMADE  DE  GOKDRET,  P.  ammonia- 
talc  de  Gondrel.  Liq.  amnion,  p.  ij;  Sevi,  p.  j; 
01.  amygdal.  p.  j;  M.  Used  to  excite  a  speedy 
revulsion  in  cases  of  chronic  affections  of  the 
brain,  incipient  cataract,  amaurosis, &c,  as  well 
as  to  cauterize  the  integuments  deeply. 


The  above  formula  is  that  of  the  French  Co- 
dex, but,  according  to  M.  Trousseau,  it  is  much 
too  hard  for  use,  unless  the  weather  is  warm. 
He  proposes  tic o  formula:,  one  for  summer,  the 
other  for  winter.  In  the  former  he  directs  three 
parts  of  lard,  one  of  suet,  and  four  of  liquor  ain- 
moni.se;  in  the  latter,  equal  parts  of  lard  and  liquor 
ammo  nix. 

POMMADE  POUR  LES  LkVRES,  Cerate 
for  the  lips — p.  Ophthalmique  (Regent's,)  Un- 
guentum ophthalmicum — p.  Oxygenic,  Un- 
guentum acidi  nitrosi — p.  Stibiee,  Unguentum 
antimonii  tartarizati. 

POMME,  see  Pyrus  malus — p.  a" Adam, 
Pomum  Adami — p.  d"  Amour,  Solanum  lycoper- 
sicum — p.  Epineusc,  Datura  stramonium—  p.  de 
Mcrveille,  Momordica  balsamica— p.  Mousscuse, 
Bedeorar — p.  de  Tcrrc,  Solanum  tuberosum. 

POMMES  HEMORRHOIDALES,  see  Vis- 
cum  album. 

POMMETTE,  see  Mai  as  os. 
POMMfER.  Pyrus  malus. 
POMPH'OLYX,  from  nouipo?,  'a  bladder.' 
A  small  vesicle  on  the  skin.  An  eruption  of 
bullx  or  blebs,  appearing  without  any  inflam- 
mation around  them,  and  without  fever.  It  is 
the  Ecphlysis  Pompholyx  of  Good.  See  Pem- 
phigus. 

Pompholyx,  Tutia,  Zinci  oxydum. 
POMPION,  Cucurbila  pepo. 
POMUM  ADA'Ml.  (F.)  Pomme  d'Jldam, 
Adam's  Apple.  The  projection  formed  by  the 
thyroid  cartilage  in  the  neck, — of  males  par- 
ticularly. It  is  so  called  from  a  notion  that  it 
was  caused  by  the  apple  sticking  in  the  throat 
of  our  first  parent. 

Pomum  E»erosolymitanum,  Momordica  bal- 
samina — p.  Melongense,  see  Solanum  melon- 
gena. 

PONCTION,  Puncturing. 
POND,  SHOVEL,  Unisema  deltifolia. 
PONDERA  ET  MENSURjE,  Weights  and 
measures. 

PONGITIF,  Pungent. 
PONS  CEREBELLI,  Pons  Varolii— p.  He- 
patis,  see  Lobulus  anonymus— p.  Sylvii,  Quad- 
rigemina  Tubercula — p.  Tarini,  Tarini  pons. 

"PONS  VARO'LII,  Pons  Cerebelli,  Corpus 
annula'rU,  Proces'sus  annularis,  Eminen'tia  an- 
nularis, VardlVs  bridge,  Nodus  enccph'ali  vel 
Ccr'ebri,  C'cr'ebral  protu' berance,  Protubcran'tia 
annularis  Willisii,  (F.)  Protuberance  cirzbrale, 
P.  annulaire,  Me'sencephale,  Mesocephale,  Pont 
de  Varole,  Annular  protuberance.  An  eminence 
at  the  upper  part  of  the  medulla  oblongata, 
first  described  by  Varolius.  It  is  formed  by  the 
union  of  the  crura  cerebri  and  crura  cerebelli. 
Pons  Zygomaticus.  Zygomatic  arch. 
PONTEDORA  CORDATA,  Unisema  delti- 
folia. 

POPLAR,  AMERICAN,  Liriodendron— p. 
Black,  Populus— p.  Tree,  Liriodendron— p. 
Tulip- bearing,  Liriodendron. 

POPLES,  Gare'tum,  Garretum,  Ignys.lgnyT, 
the  Ham,  the  Hough,  (F.)  Jarret.  The  poste- 
rior part  of  the  knee  joint.  The  ham  forms 
what  is  called  the  popliteal  region. 
POPLITli.  Poplitffius  muscle. 
POPLITE'AL,  Poplifce'as,  from  Poples,  'the 
ham.'  That  which  relates  to  the  ham.  A  name 
given  to  various  parts. 

Popliteal  Artery — Popliteal  portion  of  the 
crural,  (Oh.) — is  really  a  continuation  of  the 


POPLITEAL  MUSCLE 


G07 


PORRIGO  FAVOSA 


femoral,  which  changes  its  name  on  passing 
through  the  adductor  magnus  muscle.  It  de- 
scends a  little  obliquely  outwards  into  the  hol- 
low of  the  ham,  and  extends  from  the  com- 
mencement of  the  lower  third  of  the  thi^h  to 
the  end  of  the  upper  quarter  of  the  leg,  where 
it  terminates  by  dividing  into  the  posterior  tibial 
and  peroneal  arteries.  In  the  ham,  it  gives  off 
the  three  svperior  articular  arteries;  and,  at  the 
top  of  the  leg,  the  arteries  of  the  gernini  mus- 
cles or  ge.rn.ini  branches,  (F.)  branches  jumelles, 
the  two  inferior  articular  arteriis,  and  the  tibi- 
a/is antica. 

Popliteal  Muscle,  Popliimus  Muscle,  Muscle 
Jarretier,  Femoropopliti-tibial ,  (Ch..)  Sub-popli- 
taus,  (F.)  Muscle  poplite,  is  seated  in  the  popli- 
teal region.  It  is  triangular,  long,  flat;  and  is 
inserted,  on  the  one  hand,  by  means  of  a  strong 
tendon,  into  the  tuberosity  at  the  outer  condyle 
of  the  femur,  terminating  below  at  the  upper 
part,  of  the  posterior  surface  of  the  tibia.  This 
muscle  bends  the  leg  on  the  thigh,  and,  reci- 
procally, the  thigh  on  the  leg.  When  the  leg 
is  bent,  it  causes  it  to  turn,  in  rotation,  inwards. 
Popliteal  Nerves.  They  result  from  the 
bifurcation  of  the  sciatic,  and  are  two  in  num- 
ber, viz.  1.  The  external  popliteal,  Branche  pero- 
niere,  (Ch.)  It  is  smaller  than  the  internal; 
turns  to  the  outside  of  the  fibula  at  the  upper 
part  of  the  leg,  and  divides  into  the  musculo- 
cutaneous branch, — nerf  pretibio -digital,  (Ch.) 
and  into  the  anterior  tibial, — nerf  pretibio-sus- 
phalangetair.e,  (Ch.)  2.  The  inter' nul  poplite' al 
nerve,  Branche  tibiale,  (Ch  )  which  is  larger 
than  the  other,  and  seems  to  be  the  real  conti- 
nuation of  the  sciatic  nerve.  It  descends  verti- 
cally into  the  hollow  of  the  ham;  and  passes 
beneath  the  aponeurotic  arch  of  the  Solaris  mus- 
cle, beyond  which  it  takes  the  name  of  tibial 
nerve.  It  furnishes  the  external  saphena  nerve, 
and  a  number  of  branches,  that  are  distributed 
to  the  posterior  muscles  of  the  leg.  It  then 
passes  to  the  sole  of  the  foot  to  be  divided  into 
two  branches,  called  Plantar  nerves. 

Popliteal  Vein  has  the  same  arrangement 
as  the  artery,  behind  which  it  is  situate. 
POPONAX,  see  Pastinaca  opoponax. 
POPPY,  CORN,  RED,  Papaver  rhceas— p. 
Heads,  see  Papaver — p.  Juice,  Meconium — p. 
Spoiling,  Cucurbalus  Behcn — p.  Thorn.  Arge- 
mone  Mexicana — p.  White,  Papaver — p.  White, 
capsule,  see  Papaver. 

POP'ULUS,  Populus  nigra,  JEgei'ros,  Aclie- 
ro'is,  Black  poplar,  (F.)  Peuplier  noir.  The 
young  buds,  oculi  or  rudiments  of  the  leaves, 
which  appear  in  the  beginning  of  spring,  were 
formerly  used  in  an  officinal  ointment — the  un- 
guent turn  populc'um.  It  was,  also,  recommended 
in  chronic  affections  of  the  lungs. 

The  bark  of  Pop'ulus  Tremuloides,  Ameri- 
can aspen,  and  of  P.  trem'ula,  European  aspen, 
is  antiperiodic,and  furnishes salicin  and populin, 
in  which  the  properties  probably  reside. 

Populus  Balsamifera,  see  Fagara  octandra. 
PORCELA1NE,  Essera,  Urticaria. 
POROELLIO,  Oniscus. 
PORCUPINE  DISEASE,  Ichthyosis. 
Porcupine  Men.    Persons  have  been  so  called 
in  whom  the  cuticle  is  produced  in  the  form  of 
pointed  prolongations,  as  if  it  had  been  moulded 
on    the   papilla?,  like   the   shorter  and  blunter 
quills  of  the  porcupine. 
FORCUS,  Vulva. 


PORDE,  Crepitation. 

PORE,  Porus,  Inter' slice,  nonog,  'a  passage.' 
Anatomists  have  given  this  name  to  the  open- 
ings at  the  extremities  of  vessels  at  the  surface 
of  different  membranes.  Exhalant  Pores  have 
been  supposed  to  exist  in  the  exhalants,  to 
transmit  the  fluids  exhaled. — Absokbent  Poiies 
are  employed  in  taking  up  parts  that  have  to 
enter  the  circulation.  Pores  exist  in  the  cuti- 
cle; yet  Humboldt,  with  a  powerful  magnify- 
ing-glass,  was  unable  to  observe  them.  The 
pores  of  the  skin  have  also  been  called  spira- 
cula. 

PORI  BILIA'RIT.  Ducts  winch  receive  the 
bile  from  the  penicilli  of  the  liver,  and  convey 
it  to  the  hepatic  duct. 

POROCE'LE,  from  nwQog,  'a  callus,'  and 
zyjir;,  'a  tumour.'  A  hard  tumour  of  the  testi- 
cle or  its  envelopes. 

POROM'PHALON,  from  tciuqo?,  '  hard,'  and 
ofupaiog,  'the  navel.'      Umbilical   hernia  with 
hard  and  thickened  parietes. 
POROS.  Canal. 
POROSIS,  Chalaza. 

POROT'IC,  Porot'ic us,  from  ttwqoq,  'callus.' 
A  remedy  believed  to  be  capable  of  assisting 
the  formation  of  callus. 

PORPHURURIA,  Urine,  purpuric, 
PORPHYRA,    Purpura— p.   Groecorum,  Pe- 
techia?—  p.    Hemorrhagica,    Purpura   hasmor- 
rhacica. 

PORPHYRIZATION.  Levigation. 
POR'PIiYPiY,  Porphyri'tes,  from  nooyrna, 
'purple.'  A  species  of  very  hard,  compound 
rock,  susceptible  of  considerable  polish,  and 
used  in  the  fabrication  of  mortars  and  slabs  for 
the  apothecary. 

Porphvrv,  Black,  Ophites. 
PORRAC&,  Porraceous. 
PORRA'CEOUS,  Pvrra'ccus,  Prasinus,  from 
porrum,  'a  leek.'     (F.)  Porrace.     Having  the 
green  colour  of  the  leek.     An  epithet  given  to 
certain  excreted   matters, — the  sputa  and  faeces 
particularly. 
FORREAU,  Allium  porrum. 
PORRECTUM,  Lever. 
PORRET,  Allium  porrum. 
PORR1G1NE,  Porrigo  favosa. 
PORRIGLYEUX,  Porriginous. 
PORRIGINOSUS,  Porriginous. 
PORRIG'TNOUS,  Porrigino'sus,  (F.)  Pom- 
ir'nicirr.     Appertaining  to  porrigo. 

PORRFGO,  (L.)  'scurf  or  scale  in  the  head,' 
Tin' 'ea,  Favus,  Furfural tio,  Furfures,  Pityri'a- 
sis,  Ecpye'sis  porrigo,  Phlysis  porrigo,  from  por- 
rigcre,  'to  spread.'  (F.)  Teigne,  Ruche.  Some 
of  the  varieties  are  contagious.  It  is  princi- 
pally characterized  by  an  eruption  of  the  pus- 
tules, called  i'avi  and  achores,  unaccompanied 
by  fever. 

Porrigo  Decal'vans,  Tricho'sis  area,  Area, 
Mope'ciu  arca'ta,  Phytoalopecia,  Tyr'ia,  Ophi'asis, 
Tinea  tonduns,  Herpens  tonsurans,  consists  of 
patches  of  baldness  without  decay  or  change  of 
colour  in  the  surrounding  hair,  the  exposed 
parts  of  the  scalp  beinu  glabrous,  white,  and 
shining.  The  morbid  condition  sometimes 
spreads,  so  that  the  patches  coalesce,  rendering 
the  baldness  extensive.  The  treatment  con- 
sists in  keeping  the  scalp  cleared  by  constant 
shaving,  and  in  the  steady  application  of  some 
stimulating  liniment  or  ointment. 

Porrigo  Favo'sa,  Cerion,  Favus,  Ecpyesis 


PORRIGO  FURFURANS 


603 


PORTE- AIGUILLE 


porrigo  favosa,  Tinea  favosa,  Scabies  capitis  fa- 
vosa, Honey-comb  Scal'l  or  Tetter.  (F.)  Tcignc 
faveuse,  Porrigine.  This  consists  in  an  erup- 
tion of  pustules  common  to  the  head,  trunk,  and 
extremities,  pea  sized,  flattened  at  the  top,  in 
clusters,  often  uniting;  discharge,  fetid;  scabs, 
honey-combed;  the  cells  filled  with  fluid.  It 
occurs  both  in  early  and  adult  life.  The  treat- 
ment, in  this  variety,  must  consist  in  the  exhi- 
bition of  laxatives  and  the  mildest  stimulating 
ointments,  such  as  the  Ung.  zinci,  Ung.hydrar- 
gyri  prcEcipitul.  alb.,  &c.  Eczema  of  the  hairy 
scalp  (q.  v.)  is  often  confounded  with  Porrigo. 

Porrigo  Fur'furaks,  Ecpycsis  porrigo  jur- 
fura'cca,  Tinea  furfuracea,  Tinea  porrigino'sa, 
Teigne  furfurace  (Alibert)  commences  with 
an  eruption  of  small  achores,  the  fluid  of  which 
soon  concretes  and  separates  in  innumerable, 
thin,  laminated  scabs,  or  scale-like  exfoliations. 
It  is  attended  with  a  good  deal  of  itching  and 
some  soreness  of  the  scalp,  to  which  the  disease 
is  confined.  It  occurs  chiefly  in  adults.  In  the 
treatment,  the  scalp  must  be  kept  shaved.  The 
part  must  be  washed  repeatedly  with  soap  and 
water,  and  an  oiled  silk  cap  worn.  The  nature 
of  the  ointments  used  must  vary  according  to 
the  period  of  disease  and  the  irritability  of 
the  part  affected.  Zinc  ointment; — one  made 
with  the  Cocculus  indicus; — the  Sulphur  oint- 
ment;—  Citrine  ointment  and  Ung.  hydrargyri 
nitrico-oxydi;  Tar  ointment  and  Nitric  acid  oint- 
ment have  all  been  found  useful.  Should  in- 
flammation or  discbarge  arise,  these  applications 
must  of  course  be  intermitted. 

Porrigo  Larvalis,  P.  lupinosa. 

Porrigo  Larva'lis,  Crusta  lactca,  Ecpye- 
sis  Porrigo  crusta'cea.  /Ichor,  Tinea  lactca,  T. 
Faciei,  Milky  scull  or  Tetter,  Lactu' men,  Lacti'go, 
(F.)  Croule  de  hit,  Croii/e  luiteuse,  Feux  to/ages, 
La  Graine.  This  is,  almost  exclusively,  a  dis- 
ease of  infancy.  It  commonlj'  appears  first  on 
the  forehead  and  cheeks,  in  an  eruption  of  nu- 
merous, minute,  whitish  achores  on  a  red  sur- 
face. These  break  and  discharge  a  viscid  fluid, 
which  becomes  incrusted  in  thin,  yellowish,  or 
greenish  scabs.  The  patches  spread,  until  the 
whole  face  becomes,  as  it  were,  enveloped  in  a 
mask,  (hence  the  epithet  larvalis.)  The  disease 
is  rather  a  variety  of  Eczema,  (q.  v.)  Sometimes 
the  eruption  appears  on  the  neck  and  breast; 
and,  occasionally,  on  the  extremities.  In  gene- 
ral, the  health  of  the  child  does  not  suffer,  but 
the  eruption  is  always  attended  with  much 
itching  and  irritation.  The  treatment  consists 
in  mild,  tepid  ablution,  and  the  application  of 
gently  stimulating  ointments,  as  of  the  oxydum 
zinci.  The  bowels  must  be  kept  in  a  soluble 
state  by  small  doses  of  calomel,  or  by  rhubarb 
and  magnesia. 

Porrigo  Lupino'sa,  Tinea  lupi'na,  Scabies 
cap'itis,  Ecpyesis  porrigo  lupino'sa,  Purri'go  lar- 
va'lis, Impiti' go  fgnra'ta,  Tin' ea  granula'ta,  T. 
muco'sa,  Crusta  lactea  (of  some)  Ment'agra  in- 
fantum, (F.)  Teigne,  Dartre  crustacee  fluvescente, 
consists  of  minute  pustules  in  small  patches, 
mostly  commencing  on  the  scalp;  the  patches 
terminating  in  dry,  delving  scabs,  resembling 
lupine  seeds;  the  interstices  often  covered  with 
a  thin,  whitish,  and  exfoliating  incrustation.  It 
occurs  chiefly  in  early  life,  and  requires  the 
same  treatment  as  the  last. 

Porrigo  Scutui.a'ta,  Tinea  granula'ta,  Ec- 
pyesis porrigo  galeula,  Tinea  fico'sa,  /Icho'res 


seu  Scabies  capitis,  Ringworm  offhc  scalp,  Scalled 
head;  (F.)  Teigne  annulaire,  T.enanneau,  T. 
nummulaire.  It  commences  with  clusi 
small,  light,  yellow  pustules,  which  soon  scab 
off;  and,  if  neglected,  become  hard  by  accumu- 
lation. If  the  scabs  be  removed,  the  surface  i? 
left  red  and  shining,  but  studded  with  slightly 
elevated  points.  If  not  attended  to,  it  involves 
the  whole  head.  It  occurs  in  children  3  or  4 
years  of  age,  and  is  very  unmanageable.  The 
rules  laid  down  under  the  Porrigo  furfurans 
must  be  here  still  more  perse  verinudy  enforced. 
The  whole  tribe  of  stimulating  ointments  may 
be  used  in  succession.  No  one  will  always 
succeed,  and  hence  the  necessity  of  change, 
provided  advantage  should  not  seem  to  follow 
any  particular  application.  The  Unguenlum 
ad  Seabiem,  of  Banyer,  sometimes  cures,  when 
others  fail. 

PORRUM,  Allium  porrum. 

PORRUS,  Sarcoma. 

PORTA,  Tivh],  Pyle,  'a  gate.'  The  part  of 
the  liver  where  its  vessels  enter  as  by  a  gate. 
Also,  the  Vulva,  (q.  v.) 

Porta  Jecoris,  Porta  vena. 

Porta  Vena,  Vena  portas,  V.  portu'rum,  Ra- 
ma lis  vena,  Jan'itrix,  Vena  magna  seu  (juie  ad 
par  las  est  seu  stelechia'a  seu  lactea  seu  ostia'rid, 
Porta  Jecoris,  Porto,  Vena  arterio'sa  seu  arterial' 
lis,  Manns  Jed 'oris  sen  hep'atis,  Venn  ad  partus. 
The  System  of  the  vena  porta  or  the  Abdom'inal 
venous  system,  (F.)  Vane  parte,  Porte  veine,  is 
a  vascular  apparatus  of  black  blood,  situate  in 
the  abdomen,  and  resulting  from  two  distinct 
orders  of  vessels,  united  into  one  common  trunk. 
1.  One  of  these  trunks,  much  more  extensive 
than  the  other,  has  received  the  name  Vena 
porta  abdominal  lis,  because  it  arises  from  all  the 
organs  enclosed  in  the  cavity  of  the  abdomen, 
except  the  kidneys  and  bladder;  and  in  the  fe- 
male, the  uterus.  The  Abdominal  vena  porta 
has  two  principal  roots, — the  splenic  vein  and 
the  superior  mesenteric,  which  have  their  rami- 
fications in  all  the  digestive  organs.  2.  The 
other  trunk,  destined  solely  to  the  liver,  has 
been  called  the  Hepat'ic  vena  porta.  It  a; 
to  be  a  continuation  of  the  abdominal  vena 
porta,  and  proceeds  towards  the  inferior  surface 
of  the  liver.  Opposite  to  the  transverse  fissure 
of  that  organ,  it  divides,  like  an  artery,  into 
two  branches,  which,  by  their  union,  seem  to 
form  a  canal  or  duct,  called  by  some  the  Sinus 
of  the  r.ena  porta.  These  branches  are  distri- 
buted in  the  substance  of  the  liver,  whither  they 
are  accompanied  by  a  prolongation  of  the  fibrous 
capsule  of  that  organ. —  the  capsule  of  Ghsson. 
The  different  branches  of  the  vena  porta  are 
devoid  of  valves. 

PORTAL,  from  Porta,  'a  gate.'  Relating 
to  the  porta  of  the  liver, — as  tlie  portal  system 
or  system  of  the  vena  porta.  By  extension  the 
term  has  been  applied  to  an  analogous  system 
of  vessels  in  the  kidney.    See  Kidney. 

PORTE-AIGUILLE,  Aculenadulum;  Needle- 
carrier,  Needle-bearer ;  from  (F.)  porter, '  to  carry,' 
and  aiguille,  'a  needle.'  An  instrument  for 
accurately  laying  hold  of  a  needle,  and  giving 
it  greater  length,  when  it  is  so  fine  and  small, 
that  it  cannot  be  held  by  the  fingers.  It  is  of 
steel  or  silver,  about  two  inches  long,  and 
throughout  the  whole,  almost,  of  its  length, 
divided  into  two  branches,  so  as  to  form  a  kind 
of  forceps,  capable  of  being  closed  by  means  of 


PORTE-ROVGIE 


609 


PGSTPOSITIO 


a  sliding  ring.  A  modification  of  this  instru- 
ment has  been  devised  by  Dr.  Physick,  for 
taking  up  deep-seated  arteries,  beyond  the  reach 
of  a  tenaculum  or  common  needle.  It  consists 
of  a  forceps,  so  constructed  as  to  hold  in  its  ex- 
tremity a  needle  armed  with  a  ligature.  The 
handles  of  the  forceps  are  fastened  together, 
temporarily,  by  a  spring  or  catch;  and"  when 
the  needle  is  fail  ly  deposited  beneath  the  vessel, 
it  is  disengaged  from  the  forceps  and  drawn  out, 
leaving  the  ligature  behind,  which  can  be  lied 
without  difficulty. 

PORTE-BOUGIE,  (F.)  A  silver  canula 
similar  to  that  of  a  trochar,  except  that  it  is 
longer.  It  is  used  for  conducting  bougies  into 
the  urethra. 

PORTE-CAlJSTlQ,UE,Portc-pierrc—p.Fcu- 
ille,  Subscapulars. 

PORTE-MkCUE,  (F.)  from  porta; 'in  car- 
ry,'  and  meche,  'a  tent.'  An  instrument  foi 
carrying  tents  or  meches  deeply  into  fistulous 
openings,  or  sinuses,  to  the  bottom  of  ulcers, 
&.c.  It  is  a  wire  of  silver  or  steel,  four  or  live 
inches  long,  having  a  notch  at  one  extremity, 
and  a  button  at  the  other. 

PORTE  MOKA.  Asmall  instrument  for  keep- 
ing the  moxa  applied  to  the  pal  I  to  be  cauterized. 
li  consists  of  a  metallic  ring — separated  from  the 
skin  by  three  small  supports  of  ebony — to  which 
a  handle  is  adapted. 

PORTE-J\'tEUD,  from  porter,  '  to  carry,'  and 
■nornd,  'a  knot.'  An  instrument  for  carrying 
a  ligature  round  the  base  or  pedicle  of  a  tu- 
mour. 

PORTE-PIERRE,  Porlccaustique,  Caustic 
ri/i/ir.  An  instrument  similar  to  a  porte-crayon, 
for  carrying  the  lunar  caustic. 

FOUTE-SOJVDE.  An  instrument  resem- 
bling a  porte-crayon,  employed  for  holding  the 
style  or  sonde,  and  inserting  it  more  readily 
into  the  nasal  duct,  during  the  operation  for 
fistula  lachrymalis. 

PORTE  VEIJYE,  Porta  (Vena  ) 

PORTER,  Core visia. 

PORl'IO  DURA,  Facial  nerve. 

Poutio  Media  Inter  Portio'nem  Ditham  et 

Portio'sf.m   Mom.em.     A  small  nerve,  which 

from  the  brain,  between  the  origin  of  the 

portio  dura  and  trunk  of  the    portio   mollis. — 

Wrisberg 

P 0 R 770  .V  COSTO- TRA  CTIEL IEJVJYE  DU 
S.iCJCO-SPLVAL,  Longissirnus  dorsi — j>.  Eccdlr 
i  squameux  da  temporal,  Squamous   por- 
tion  of  the    temporal — p.  Lombaire  clu   plexus 
crural,  Lumbar  plexus. 

PORTION  GODRONNJ'E  DE  LA  CORNE 
D'.IMJION  A  name  given  by  Vicq  d'Azyr 
to  a  small  denticulated  cord  of  a  compact  lis 
sue  and  granular  appearance,  which  unites  the 
cornu  ammonis  to  the  panes  of  the  lateral 
ventricle. 

PORTONARIUM,  Pylorus,  Duodenum. 

PORTULA'OA,  Andrack'ne,  Allium  Gallicum, 

a'ca    ol era! mi,    Purslane,,    ( F.)     Pompier 

.     This  plant  abounds  with  a  watery  and 

somewhat,   acid    juice;    and    is   often    put   into 

soups  or  pickled  with  spices.     It  is  regarded  as 

antiseptic  and  aperient. 

POSCA,  Oxycrate. 

POSE,  (Joryza. 

POS I MOS.  Potable. 

POSITION.  FALSE,  False  position. 

POSOL'OGY,  Posolug"ia;  from  kkt-s,  'quan- 


tity,' and  Ao/o?, 'a  discourse.'  Indication  of  the 
doses  in  which  the  duFeient  articles  of  the  ma- 
teria medica  ought  to  be  exhibited. 

POSSET,  Possetvm;  from  (L.)  Pusca,  'sour 
wine  and  water.'  Milk  curdled  with  wine  or 
any  acid  or  treacle.  A  preparation  of  beer  and 
milk.     Zqlhos'ala. 

POSSETLNO,  Regurgitation,  (of  Infants  ) 

POSTREACHJALEfMetacarpus. 

POSTE'RIOR  ANNULARIS.  An  external, 
interosseous  muscle,  which  arises  from  the  cor- 
responding sides  of  the  metacarpal  bones  of 
(he  ring,  and  little  finger,  and  is  inserted  into 
the  inside  of  the  tendon  on  the  back  of  the 
ring  finger.  Its  use  is  to  draw  the  ring  finger 
inwards. 

Posterior  Auris,  Retrahen3  auris. 

Posterior  In'dicis  Manus.  An  internal,  in- 
terosseous muscle,  which  arises  from  the  inner 
or  ulnar  side  of  the  metacarpal  bone  of  the  fore 
finger,  and  is  inserted  into  the  inside  of  the  ten- 
don on  the  back  of  the  fore  finger.  Its  use  is 
to  draw  the  fore  finger  inwards. 

Posterior  Indicis  Pedis,  Abduc'tor  Indicia 
Pedis.  An  external,  interosseous  muscle,  which 
arises  from  the  contiguous  sides  of  the  meta- 
tarsal bones  of  the  fore  toe,  and  second  of  the 
small  toes,  and  is  inserted  into  the  outside  of 
the  root  of  the  first  bone  of  the  fore  toe.  Its 
use  is  to  pull  the  fore  toe  outwards. 

Posterior  Medii  Dio"iti  Manus.  An  ex- 
ternal, interosseous  muscle,  which  arises  from 
the  corresponding  sidesof  the  metacarpal  bones 
of  the  middle  and  ring  fingers;  and  is  inserted 
into  the  inside  of  the  tendon  on  the  back  of  the 
middle  finger.  Its  use  is  to  draw  the  middle 
finger  inwards. 

Posterior  Medii  Dig"iti  Pedis,  .Iddudor 
medii  digiti  pedis.  An  external,  interosseous 
muscle,  which  originates  from  the  contiguous 
sides  of  the  metatarsal  bones  of  the  second  and 
third  of  the  small  toes,  and  is  inserted  into  the 
outside  of  the  root  of  the  first  bone  of  the  se- 
cond of  the  small  toes.  Its  use  is  to  pull  the 
toe  outwards. 

Posterior  Tertii  Diciti.  Adductor  terlii 
dieriti-  An  external,  interosseous  muscle,  which 
arises  from  the  contiguous  sides  of  the  metatar- 
sal bones  of  the  3d  and  4th  of  the  small  toes, 
and  is  inserted  into  the  outside  of  the  root  of 
the  first  bone  of  the  third  of  the  small  toes.  Its 
use  is  to  pull  the  toe  outwards. 

POST  HE.  Penis.  Prepuce. 

POSTHET'OMIST,  Postfiet'omvs,  from 
rrcaSij,'  prepuce,'  and  io/xrj, 'incision.'  One  who 
performs  the  operation  of  circumcision. 

POSTTiETOMY.  Circumcision. 

POSTHIOPLAS'TIC,  Posthioplas'licus,  from 
too&iov,  'the  prepuce.'  and  Trla??w,  '  I  form.' 
An  epithet  applied  to  the  operation  for  restoring 
the  prepuce. 

POSTHITIS,  from  rinnd,cv,  'the  prepuce,' 
and  itis: — the  termination  for  inflammation. 
Inflammation  of  the  prepuce. 

POSTHOiN'CUS,  from  neo&tov,  'the  pre- 
puce,' and  oyxog,  'a  tumour.'  Swelling  of  the 
prepuce 

POSTPOSI'TIO.  Delay  in  the  return  of  a 
paroxysm.  It  is  opposed  to  antieipatio,  which 
means  the  return  of  a  paroxysm  earlier  than  its 
accustomed  hour. 

In  this  sense  we  speak  of  anticipating  and 
postponing  intermittent. 


POTABLE 


CIO 


POTASSA  HYDRIODAS 


POTABLE,  Potah'ilis,  from  potare, '  to  drink,' 
Po/imt/s,  Fotos,  Posimos,  'drinkable.'  Water 
is  said  to  be  potable,  when  it  contains  atmos- 
pheric air;  is  not  brackish;  and  has  no  mineral 
impregnation  of  consequence. 

POTASH.  So  called  from  the  pots  or  ves- 
sels in  which  it  was  made; — PoLus'sa,  Kali, 
Vegetable  alkali,  Gastrinum. 

Potash  of  Commerce,  Potassa  impu'ra,  Im- 
pure potass,  Ala' men  cati'num,  Cin'eres  Rus'sici, 
Subcnr'benas  jtotas'sx  impu'rus,  Polas'sx  car'- 
bonas  impzirus, — the  Pair  lash  of  commerce,  is 
prepared  from  the  ashes  of  land  plants  by  cal- 
cination, solution  in  water,  filtration,  and  eva- 
poration. It  usually  consists  of  subcarbonate 
of  potass,  sulphate  of  potass,  chloride  of  potas- 
sium, silex,  oxide  of  iron,  &c. 

From  the  ashes  of  lees  of  wine,  and  from  vine 
twigs  a  much  purer  alkali  is  obtained.  It  is 
called  Cinis  infecto'rius,  C.  faicum,  Cin'eres  cla- 
vella'ti,  AW  men  faicum,  Cendres  gravdlees,  Cen- 
dres  da  sarment,  Cineres  gravellati. 

Another  variety  of  the  alkali  is  afforded  by 
burning  argol  in  a  crucible;  afterwards  pow- 
dering- and  calcining  it,  till  it  is  nearly  white; 
then  dissolving  in  water,  filtering  and  evapo- 
rating. It  is  called  Salt  of  tartar,  Sal  Tur'/ari, 
Kali  prapara'tum  e  tarlaro,  Kali  e  tartaro,  Sub- 
caiJbonas  potassa:  puiis'simus,  Potassa:  Subcur- 
bonus  c  tartaro.  Lastly,  when  wormwood  is 
burnt  to  ashes,  dissolved  in  water,  filtered  and 
evaporated  to  dryness,  it  affords  another  variety 
of  vegetable  alkali,  the  Sal  absin'thii  or  Salt  of 
wormwood. 

Impure  potass  is  used  for  preparing  the  sub- 
carbonate  for  medical  use. 

POTASS,  ACETATE  OF,  Potassa?  acetas— 
p.  Bisulphate  of,  Potassce  supersulphas — p.  Bi- 
tartrate  of,  Potassa?  supertartras — p.  Carbonate 
of,  Potasses  carbonas — p.  Chlorate  of,  Potassce 
murias  hyperoxygenatus  —  p.  Euchlorate  of, 
Potassce  murias  hyperoxygenatus — p.  Fused, 
Potassa  fusa — p.  Hydriodate  of,  Potassce  hydri- 
odas— p.  and  Iron,  tartrate  of,  Ferrum  tartariza- 
tum — p.  with  Lime,  Potassa  cum  calce — p.  Me- 
phite  of,  Potassce  subcarbonas — p.  Muriate  of, 
Potassce  murias — p.  JNitrate  of,  Potassce  nitras 
■ — p.  Oxymuriale  of,  Potassce  murias  hyperoxy- 
genatus— p.  Subcarbonate  of,  Potassce  subcar- 
bonas— p.  Sulphate  of,  Potassce  sulphas — p. 
Sulphate  of,  acid,  Potassce  supersulphas— p. 
Sulphuret  of,  Potassce  sulphuretum— p.  Super- 
carbonate  of,  Potassce  carbonas — p.  Supersul- 
phate  of,  Potassce  supersulphas — p.  Supertar- 
trate  of,  Potassce  supertartras — p.  Tartrate  of, 
Potassce  tartras. 

Potass  and  Soda,  Tahtiiate  of,  Soda,  tar- 
trate of. 

POTASSA,    Potash,    P.    fusa— p.  Impura, 

Potash  of  commerce. 

Potas'sa  cum  Calce,  Potass  with  lime,  Calx 
cum  kali  puro,  Caus'ticum  commu'ne  for'tius, 
Lapis  inferno-' lis  sive  sep'ticus,  Kali  caus'ticum 
cum  calce,  Potas'sa  ope.  calcis  para'ta  ct  igne 
fusn,  Lapis  caus'ticus,  (F.)  Potasse  preparer. 
arcc  la  cliaux,  P.  a  la  chaux,  Pierre  a  cautere. 
(Liquor,  potassm  Ibiij.  calcis  recent.  Ibj.  Boil  the 
solution  of  potass  to  lbj;  then  add  the  lime, slaked 
with  water,  and  mix.  Ph.  L.)  Used  for  the  sa me 
purposes  as  the  next,  but  more  manageable; 
being  less  deliquescent. 

Potassa,  Ferrocyanate  of,  Potassii  ferro- 


cyanuretum— p.  Fcrroprussiate  of,  Potassa;  cy- 
anuretum. 

Potassa  Fusa,  Potassa,  Kali  ecus'.' 
potass,  Cans' tieum  commu'ne  acer'r'nnum ,  Kali 
purum,  Al'kali  vegetal  bill  ftxum  caus'ticum, 
Causticum  a  I  kali'  num,  C.  commu'ne',  C.  poten- 
tiate, C.  Sali'num,  Hydras  ku'licum,  Hydras  po- 
tas'sa: purafusse,  Lapis  caus'ticus,  Lapis  causti- 
cus  chirurgo'rum,  Lapis  infernal  lis  ulcali'  nus,  L. 
septicus.  Rupto'rium  commu'nS,  (F.)  Potasse 
cavstigue.  (Prepared  by  evaporating  the  solu- 
tion of  potass  to  dryness  in  an  iron  vessel.) 
This  preparation  is  generally  run  into  cylin- 
drical moulds,  covered  with  paper,  and  kept  in 
well  corked  vessels.  It  is  powerfully  cscha- 
rotic,  and  is  used  for  forming  issues,  curing 
strictuies,  &c. 

Potassa,  Hydhobromate  of,  see  Bromine — 
p.  Hydrocyanate  of,  Potassii  cyanuretum— p. 
Iiyperoxalas,  Potass,  oxalate  of — p.  Hypertar- 
tras,  P.  supertartras — p.  Impura,  Potash  of  com- 
merce— p.  Liquida,  Liquor  potassce — p.  Ope 
calcis  parata  et  igne  fusa,  Potassa  cum  calce — 
p.  Prussiate  of,  Potassii  ferrocyanuretum. 

Potassje  Ace'tas,  Acetas  kali,  Oxytar'larus, 
Acetas  liziv'ix  sen  kalicum,  Al'cali  tarlari  ace' to 
satura' turn,  Alcali  r,  e  gel  ei!  bile  cum  actio,  Magis- 
te'rium  tarlari  purguns,  Terra  folia' t a  Tarlari, 
Kali  aceta'lum,  Sal  diurct'icus,  Sal  Serine/ li, 
M'etale  of  potass,  Jlrcdnum  tarlari.  (dcid. 
acetic.  Oj,  Potassse,  carbon,  q.  s.  Mix  and  add, 
by  degrees,  enough  acetic  acid  to  saturate  the 
alkali.  Then  filter  and  evaporate  till  a  pellicle 
is  formed  which  is  to  be  dried  upon  bibulous 
paper;  evaporate  again  in  a  water  bath,  and, 
removing  the  pellicles,  dry  them. — Ph.  U.  S.) 

It  is  cathartic  and  diuretic.  Dose,  £j  to  gij 
or  more. 

PotassjE  Alumine  Sulphas,  Alumen — p.  Bi- 
carbonas,  Potassce  carbonas — p.  Bitartras,  P. 
supertartras. 

Potassa  Car'eonas,  Kali  aera'tum,  Bicar'- 
bonas  potassas,  Potas'sa:  bicur' bonus,  (Ph.  U.  S.) 
Dcutocarbonas  potas'sii,  Caibouate  of  potass, 
Supercar' bonate  of  potass.  This  is  not  caustic, 
like  the  subcarbonate  of  potass,  and  hence,  has 
been  preferred  to  relieve  acidity.  (Potass,  car- 
bon. Ibiv,  Aqua:  destillut.  Ox.  Pass  carbonic 
acid  through  the  solution  until  it  is  saturated, 
and  filter.  Evaporate  at  a  heat,  not  exceeding 
100°,  and  dry  the  crystals  on  bibulous  paper. 
Carbonic  acid  is  obtained  from  marble  by  the 
addition  of  dilute  sulphuric  acid. — Ph.  U.  S.) 
Dose,gr.  x  to  gss.  It  is  used  in  forming  the  soda 
powders,  as  well  as  for  its  antacid  propeities. 

Potassje  Caubonas,  (Ph.  U.  S.)  P.  subcar- 
bonas— p.  Carbonas  impurus,  P.  subcarbonas 
— p.  Carbonas  purus,  see  P.  subcarbonas— p. 
Chloras,  P.  murias  hyperoxygenatus — p.  Chlo- 
ruretum  oxydatum,  P.  murias  hyperoxygenatus 
— p.  et  Ferri  tartras,  Ferri  tartanzatum. 

Potassa:  Hydri'odas,  Potassii  Protnln/lri'- 
odas,  Potas'sii  pro/ox1 icli  hydri'odas,  Hydri'odate 
of  potass.  If  a  solution  of  potass  be  poured  on 
iodine  in  its  metallic  state,  an  iodate  and  hy- 
driodate are  formed.  These  may  be  separated 
by  means  of  alcohol,  which  only  dissolves  the 
latter  of  these  salts.  The  hydriodate,  or  rather 
the  Iodide  of  Potassium,  Kalium  lodu'tum,  Kali 
Ilijdriodin'icum,  K.  Hydriod'icum,  Hydriodas 
Ku' liens,  Potassii  loclurctum  sou  lodidum,  may 
be  obtained  by  evaporation.    When  the  lodideof 


POTASS^E  MURIAS 


Gil    POTASSA  SUPERTARTRAS  IMPURUS 


polussium  is  dissolved  in  water,  it  becomes  the 
Hydriodate  of  Potassa.  The  following  is  the  for- 
mula in  the  Ph.  U.  S.  lodin.  5  vj ;  Ferri  rament. 
giij,  Potass,  carbon.  giv,  vel  q.  s.  Aqua,  dest.illat. 
Oiv.  Mix  the  iodine  with  three  pints  of  the 
distilled  water,  and  add  the  iron  filings,  stirring 
frequently  with  a  spatula  for  half  an  hour.  Aj> 
ply  a  gentle  heat,  and  when  the  liquor  assumes 
a  greenish  colour,  add  gradually  the  carbonate 
of  potass,  previously  dissolved  in  half  a  pint  of 
the  water,  until  it  ceases  to  cause  a  precipitate. 
Continue  the  heat  for  half  an  hour,  and  filter. 
Wash  the  residuum  with  half  a  pint  of  the  dis- 
tilled water,  boiling  hot,  and  filter.  Mix  the 
filtered  liquors  and  evaporate,  that  crystals  may 
iorin.  Pour  off'  the  liquid,  and  dry  the  crys- 
tals on  bibulous  paper.  The  Hydriodate  of  soda 
is  made  in  the  same  way.  Virtues, — those  of 
iodine  (q.  v.) 

PoTASSffi  Murias,  Sal  Digesti'vus  vel  Sal  fe- 
brjf'ugus  Sylvii,  Muriate  of  Potass,  Spir'ilus  salts 
mari'ni  cougula'tus.     Bitter  and  refrigerant. 

Potassa  Murias  Hyperoxygena'tus,  Po- 
tassx  Chloras,  P.  oxymu'rias,  Oxymu'riatt  of 
potass,  Chlorate  of polos' set,  Euchlo'rate  of  potass, 
Alcali  vegelabile  sail' to-dephlogistica' turn,  Chloru- 
retum  potassa:  oxydaturn,  Haloidum  oxygenation, 
Oxyge' '  no-ehlorure'tum  potas'sii,  Prutochlorale  of 
potassium,  Kali  chlor'icuta,  Chloras  Kal'icus  de- 
pura'tus.  It  has  been  regarded  as  antineuro- 
pathic,  and  as  an  alterative  purifier  of  the  blood 
and  humours.  It  is  of  doubtful  efficacy.  Dose, 
3  to  G  grains  or  more. 

Potas'sve  Nitras,  Nitrate  of  Potass,  Nitrum, 
Sal  nitrum.  Nitre,  Saltpetre,  Sal  yetrx,  Sulse'do 
mucrum,  Sanguin'ea,  Berenic"ium,  Halinitrum, 
Proloui' irate  of  Putas'siui/i,  Nitrate  of  protox'ide 
of  Potas'sium.  Kali  nit'ricum,  Nitras  kal'icum, 
Nitras  lixiv'ix.  Obtained  from  the  putrefaction 
of  animal  matters,  in  contact  with  calcareous 
or  alkaline  earths,  by  elixiviation  ;  adding,  if 
necessary,  wood  ashes  to  supply  the  alkaline 
basis.  It  is  formed,  in  an  impure  state,  by  na- 
ture, in  warm  climates. 

It  is  diuretic  and  refrigerant,  and,  in  large 
doses,  purgative  ;  externally,  cooling  and  de- 
tergent. Dose,  gr.  x  to  £ss.  In  large  doses,  it 
is  an  acrid  poison. 

Potassa  Nitras  Fusus  Sulpha'tis  Paucil'- 
Lo  Mixtus;  Sul prunel'lse,  Crystal' lus  minera'- 
lis,  Nitras  potassa  cum  sul'pfiurS  fusus,  Nitrum 
tabula' turn,  Lapis  prunella,  Sore-throat  salt, 
Min'eral  crystal,  Anod'ynum  mineral U.  Nitrate 
of  potass,  mixed  with  a  little  sulphate  of  potass 
and  run  into  moulds.  Its  properties  are  those 
of  nitre. 

Potassa  Ox'alas,  Svpcrox'tilatc  of  Protox'ide 
of  Potas'sium,  Ox'alis  Acid'ulum  Potas'see  seu 
Potas'sa  acid'ulus  seu  ba'sicus,  Super  ox' alas 
um,  S.  Potassa,  Hyperoxalas  Potassa,  Sul 
Acttoscl'lat,  Oxa'linm,  Kali  oxal'icum  acid'ulum, 
Ox'alas  it  us,  Oxalate  of  Potass,  Salt  of 

soirel.  Prepared  from  the  juice  of  wood  sorrel. 
It  is  refrigerant,  and  is  used  to  make  lemonade, 
&c. 

PoTA.ss.ffi  Oxalas  Acidulum,  Potass,  oxalate 
of — p.  Oxymurias,  P.  murias  hyperoxygenatas 
—  p.  Purse  fusaj  hydras,  Potassa  fusa  —  p.  et 
Sodm  tartras,  Soda,  tartrate  of. 

PoTASSffi  Subcar'bonas,  P.  Carbonas  (Ph. 
.  U.  S.),  Subcar'bonas  Kali,  Car'bonus  Potassa, 
Kali  prxpara'tum,  Sal  Herba'rum,    Calca'rcous 


Tartar,  Sal  Plan  la' rum,  Subcar'bonnte  of  Potass, 
Sal  Ta/tari,  Sal  Absin'thii,  Mephite  of  potass, 
&o.  (See  Potash.)  A  filtered  solution  of  the 
impure  sub  carbonate,  Potas'see  car'bonus  impu'rus 
(Ph.  U.  S.)  Pearl-ash  (see  Potash.;  evaporated 
to  dryness.  This  deliquescent  salt  is  given  in 
the  same  cases  as  the  potassre  carbonas,  than 
which  it  is  more  caustic  and  disagreeable. 

The  Parisian  codex  has  a  Subcarbonas  Potus- 
sx  ex  tartaro  combvsto,  vvlgo  Sul  Tartari  or 
Salt  of  Tartar: — a  Sabcarbonas  Potassa:  ex  de- 
flagrantibus  simul  tartrate  acidulo  et  Nitrate 
Potassa:  paratus,  vulgo  Nitrum  ex  tartaro  fixum, 
which  is  the  Potassse  carbonas  purus,  or  Salt  of 
Tartar  of  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United 
States,  —  and  a  Subcarbonas  Potassa:  ex  defta- 
grantc  cam  Carbonibus  Nitrate  Potassa  parataS, 
vulgo  Nitrum  fixum.  They  are  all  used  like 
the  preceding. 

Potassje  Subcarbonas  Impurus,  Potash  of 
commerce. 

PoTASSffi  Sulphas,  Kali  vitriolal turn,  Sulphas 
Kali,  Kali  sulpha' ricum,  Lixiv'ia  vitriolu'ta,  Ni- 
trum vitriolal  um  Schroedcri,  Sal  Sapient  tia,  Sal 
Tar'tari  Sulphur  a' turn,  Specificum  Parace/si, 
Spiritus  vitrioli  coagula'tus  Mynsichti,  Proto- 
su/ph'ate  of  Potas'sium,  Alkali  vcgela'bile  vi- 
triolalum,  Sal  de  duobus,  Arca'num  duplica'tum 
Nitrum  vitriol  a' tarn,  Tartarum  vitriolatum,  Pa- 
nace'a  Duels  Holsa'tix,  Panace'a  duplica'ta,  Sal 
Polychres'tus,  Sulphate  of  Potass.  (The  salt 
that  remains  after  the  distillation  of  nitric  acid, 
dissolved;  the  excess  of  acid  saturated  with 
subcarbonate  of  potass  and  crystallized.)  Pur- 
gative and  diuretic.  Dose  gss  t0  ^j  as  a  ]axa_ 
tive.  In  a  large  dose  it  has  proved  an  irritant 
poison. 

Potass.se  Sulphas  cuitf  Sul'phure;  Sal  Po- 
lychres'tus Glase'ri,  Lixiv'ia  Vitriolu'ta  Sulphu'- 
rca.  (Formed  by  deflagrating  nitrate  of  potass 
with  sublimed  sulphur.)  Same  virtues  as  the 
last.     Dose,  gr.  xv  to  xxx. 

Potassre  Sulphure'tum,  Potas'sii  Sulphure'- 
tum,  Kali  sulphur etum,  liepar  Sulphuris  sali- 
num,  H.  sulpha' ris  vulga're,  Sulphure'tum  lixiv'- 
ix, S.  ka'licum,  Hepar  Sulphuris,  Liver  of  Sul- 
phur, Sulphuret  of  Potass,  (F.)  Foie  de  Soufre. 
{Sulphur,  lot.  3J,  Potassse  curb.  ^ij.  Rub  them 
together,  and  place  the  mixture  in  a  covered 
crucible  upon  the  fire  until  they  unite.  It  has 
been  employed,  in  affections  of  the  chest,  as  an 
expectorant,  in  the  dose  of  from  gss  to  31, 
largely  diluted;  but  it  is  chiefly  used  as  a  bath 
or  wash  in  cases  of  itch,  tinea  capitis,  and  other 
cutaneous  affections. 

Potassa  Superoxalas,  Potass,  oxalate  of — 
p.  Tartras  acidulus  purus,  P.  supertartras — p. 
Tartras  stibialis  seu  stibiosus,  Antimonium  tar- 
tarizatum. 

Potassa  Slpersul'piias,  Super sul'phatc  of 
Potass,  Sul  febrif'ugus  of  Lem'ery,  Acid  Sulphate 
of  Potass,  Bisulphate  of  Potass,  Super-protosul- 
phnte  of  Potas'sium.  (The  salt  remaining  after 
the  distillation  of  nitric  acid  dissolved,  strained, 
and  crystallized.)  It  is  refrigerant  and  purga- 
tive.    Dose  ^ss  to  gij. 

Potassje  Supertar'thas  Impu'rus.  Tartarus 
crudus,  Tartarum,  Lapis  vini  magneti'nus,  Pe- 
llagra. (F.)  Tartre  era,  T.  brut.  It  is  called, 
also,  Tartarum  rubrum  and  Red  Argol.  when 
obtained  from  red  wines;  Tartaium  album  or 
White  Argol,  when  from  white  wines.  Tartar, 
is  the  saline  deposit  from  wines  as  they  become 


POTASS.E  SUPERTARTRAS 


612 


POTUS 


aged ;  which  attaches  itself  to  the  sides  of  the 
casks  and  bottles,  in  which  they  are  kept.  It 
consists  of  a  considerable  quantity  of  acidulous 
tartrate  of  potass,  tartrate  of  lime,  silica,  alu- 
men,  oxyd  of  iron,  maganese,  and  a  red  co- 
louring matter,  if  the  wine  be  red.  It  is  chiefly 
used  for  the  preparation  of  cream  of  tartar. 

Potass^  Supeutar'tras,  CrystalU  Tartari, 
Tartras  Acid'ulus  Potassx  purus,  Super tar1 trate 
of  Prutox'ide.  of  Pot.as'sium,  Potas'sx  Bitur'tros, 
(Ph.  U.  S.)  Bltartrate  of  Potass,  Hypertartras 
Potassse,  Tartras  supcrpotas'  sicus,  T.  subpolas'- 
skits.  Crystals  of  Tartar,  Creator  Tartari,  Cream 
of  Tartar  (when  in  powder,)  Super  tar1  trate  of 
Potass.  (F.)  Crime  dc  Tartre.  (The  tartar  of 
wine  purified.)  It  requires  120  parts  of  water 
at  GO3  to  dissolve  it.  It  is  mildly  purgative, 
refrigerant,  and  diuretic.  Dissolved  in  water, 
with  a  small  quantity  of  while  wine,  some  su- 
gar and  lemon  peel,  it  forms  an  agreeable  beve- 
rage in  febrile  diseases,  under  the  name  of  im- 
perial. Dose,  as  a  diuretic,  :jj,  to  Jjij;  as  a  pur- 
gative ^ss  to  ^j. 

Potass^  Tartras,  Kali  tartar  iza' turn.  Al'cali 
fixuiii  tartarisatum,  Tartarum  solu'bilS,  Tartarus 
tarlarizalus,  Lixio'ia  Tartarisa'ta,  Sal,  Panchres'- 
cum,  Tartras  Kalinus,  T.  lixiv'ise,  Sal  vegctab'- 
ih'.s,  Alkali  vegetab' tiM  tarlarizatum,  Tartrate  of 
Potass,  Soluble  Tartar,  {Potassx  carbon,  §xvj; 
Potassx  Bit  art  rat.  in  pulv.  subtiliss.  ffiiij,  vel 
q.  s,,  aqux  bu/lien/is,  cong.  Dissolve  the  car- 
bonate of  potassa  in  the  water,  add  the  bitar- 
trate  to  saturation  and  boil;  filter,  evaporate, 
till  a  pellicle  forms,  and  set  aside  to  crystallize. 
Pour  off'  the  liquid;  dry  the  crystals  on  bibu- 
lous paper,  and  keep  in  closely  stopped  bottles 
—  1'h.  U.  S.)     A  saline  cathartic  in  the  dose  of 

^  POTAS&E  CAUSTIQUE,  Potassa  fusa— p. 
a  la  Chaux,  Potassa  cuin  calce — p.  Liquiae, 
Liquor  potassa? — p.  Prdparee  avec  la  chaux,  Po- 
tassa cum  calce. 

Potassii  Cvanure'tum,  P.  Cijan'idum,  Cy- 
anurel  of  Potassium,  H  yd  roc  y'u  utile  of  Potassa, 
(Potassii  Ferrocyanur., in  pulv.  ,^viij;  Aquxdes- 
tillat.  f.  §vj.  Expose  the  ferrocyanuret  to  a 
moderate  heat  until  it  becomes  nearly  white, 
and  is  deprived  of  its  water  of  crystallization. 
Put  the  residue  in  an  earthen  retort,  with  the 
beak  loosely  stopped,  and  expose  it  to  a  red 
heat  for  two  hours,  or  till  gas  ceases  to  be  dis- 
engaged. Take  the  retort  from  the  fire,  close 
the  orifice  with  lute,  and  let  the  whole  remain 
till  cold.  Break  the  retort,  reduce  the  black 
mass  to  coarse  powder,  put  it  into  a  twelve 
ounce  bottle,  and  add  the  distilled  water.  Agi- 
tate occasionally  for  half  an  hour;  throw  it  on 
a  filter,  evaporate  the  filtered  solution  to  dry- 
ness, and  keep  the  dry  mass  in  a  closely  stopped 
bottle. — Ph,  U.  S.)  Used  in  the  same  cases  as 
the  hydrocyanic  acid.   Dose,  a  quarter  of  a  grain. 

Potassii  Ovanidum,  P.  cyaiiuretum —  p. 
Deuto-carbonas.  Potassse  carbonas. 

Potassii  Ferrocyaniire'tum,  P.  Ferrocyan'- 
idum,  Ferrocyan' wet  of  Potassium,  Ferroey'- 
anate  of  Potassa,  Ferroprus'siate  of  Potassa, 
Prussiaie  of  Potassa,  (F  )  Protonjanure  jaunc 
cle  fcr  ct  dc  potassium.  The  yellow  double  cy- 
anuret  of  potassium  and  iron,  the  salt  from 
which  the  cyanuret  of  potassium  is  obtained 
by  calcination.  It  is  not  much  used  in  medi- 
cine. It  lias  been  advised  as  an  astringent  in 
the  colliquative  sweats  of  phthisis,  in  leucor- 


rhcea,  &c;  but  it  does  not  seem  to  be  possessed 
of  much  activity.  Dose,  10  or  15  grains  every 
four  or  five  hours. 

Potassii  Hydrargyro-iodidum,  see  Iodine — 
p.  Ioduretum,  see  Potasste  hydriodas — p.  Oxy- 
geno-chloruretum,  Potassa?  muriaa  hyperoxy- 
genatus — p.  Protohydriodas,  Potassa?  hydrio- 
das—  p.  Protoxidi  hydriodas,  Potassa?  hydriodas 
— p.  Sulphuretum,  Potassx  sulphuretum. 

POTASSIUM,  CYANURET  OF,  Potassii 
cyaiiuretum  —  p.  Ferrocyanuret  of,  Potassii 
Ferrocyanuretum — p.  Iodide  of,  see  Iodine  and 
Potassii  iodidum — p.  Iodide  of,  see  Potassa;  hy- 
driodas — p.  Iodo-hydrargyrate  of,  see  Iodine — 
p.  Proto-arsenite  of,  Arscnite  of  protoxide  of  po- 
tassium— p.  Protochlorate  of,  Potassa?  murias 
hyperoxygenatus — p.  Protonitrale  of,  Potassa? 
nitras — p.  Protoxide  of,  nitrate  of,  Potassa; 
nitras— p.  Protoxide  of,  supcroxalate  of,  Potass, 
oxalate  of — p.  Protoxide  of,  supertartrate  of, 
Potassa?  supertartras — p.  Protosulphate  of,  Po- 
tassa? sulphas — p.  Sulphuret  of,  Potassse  sul- 
phuretum— p.  Superprotosulphate  of,  Potassa? 
supersulphas. 

POTATO,  Solanum  tuberosum — p.  Fly,  Lytta 
vittala — p.  Hog,  Convolvulus  parulunilus — p. 
Spanish,  Convolvulus  batatas — p.  Sweet,  Con- 
volvulus batatas — p.  Vine,  wild,  Convolvulus 
panduratus — p.  Wild,  Convolvulus  panduratus. 

POTELliE,  Hyoscyamus. 

POTENTIA,  Force. 

POTEN'TIAL,  Potentia'lis,  from  pote.ns, 
'able.'  An  epithet  for  remedies,  which,  al- 
though energetic,  do  not  act  till  some  time 
after  their  application.  The  caustic  alkalies, 
for  instance,  are  called  Potential  cauteries  in 
contradistinction  to  the  hot  iron,  which  is 
termed  actual. 

POTEiNTIL'LA    ANSERPNA,    Arg 
Cltrnobos'con,  Argentaffin,  Anseri'na,  Silver  Weed, 
Wild  Tanscy.     (F.)  Argentine,  Potcnlillc.    The 
leaves  are  mildly  astringent  and  tonic. 

Potentil'i.a  Reptans;  PentaphyHum,  Quin- 
quefo'liuni,  Common  cinquefoiL  (F.)  Qninle- 
feuille.  The  roots  are  possessed  of  astringent 
properties. 

Potentilla  Torment i  i.T. a,  Tormentilla. 

POTEUIUM  SANGUISORBA,  Pnnpinella 
saxifraora. 

POT  EX,  Anus. 

POTHOS  FGETIDA,  Dracontium  fo?tidum 
— p.  Putorii,  Dracontium  foetidum. 

POT1MOS,  Potable. 

POTIO  CALC1S  CARBONATIS,  Mistufa 
creta?  — p.  EfTervescens  anti-emetica,  Potion  of 
Riverius — p.  Leniens,  Looch  ex  ovo — p.  Oleosa, 
Looch  ex  ovo  —  p.  Picea,  see  Pinus  sylvestris. 

PO'TION,  Polio,-  from  poto,  'I  drink.'  A 
liquid  medicine,  from  4  to  8  ounces  or  more  in 
quantity,  the  composition  of  which  varies,  and 
which  is  administered  in  divided  doses.  It  cor- 
responds to  the  English  mixture,  (q.  v.) 

Potion  Pectoralb,  Looch  ex  ovo. 

Potion  of  Rive'iuus.  A  mixture  of  Lemon 
Juice  and  Subcarbonate  of  Potass, — generally 
given  in  a  state  of  effervescence.  It  is  the  Polio 
efferves' ecus  anti-emetica  dicta  Rive'rii,  of  the 
Parisian  codex.  The  name  in  the  codex  indi- 
cates its  use. 

POTIRON,  Cururbita  pepo. 

POTOS,  Potable. 

POTT'S  DISEASE,  Vertebral  disease. 

POTUS,  Drink — p.  Hippocraticus,  Claret. 


POU 


613 


POWDER  OF  DUPUYTREN 


POU,  Pediculus. 
POUCE,  Pollex,  see  Digitus. 
POUDRE,  Powder,  Pulvis— p.  Msorbante  et 
anti-acide,  p.  Pulvis  de  magnesia  compositus— 
p.  d'Jilun  composce,  Pulvis  snlphatis  alumina? 
compositus — p.  Antiaithritique  amere,  Pulvis  de 
amaris  compositus— p.  Jinltastlunutique,  Pulvis 
de  sulphure  et  scilla— p.  Antimoniale  composce 
ou  de  James,  Antimonial  powder — p.  Aroma- 
tique,  Pulvis  cinnamomi  compositus— p.  d' Asa- 
rum,  composee  dite  sternutatoire,  Pulvis  asari 
compositus— -p.  Balsamique,  Pulvis  myrrha? 
compositus — p.  de  Birckmann,  Pulvis  de  aro- 
compositus — p.  de  Cannelle  composce,  Pulvis 
cinnamomi  compositus — p.  Cathartique,  Pulvis 
scammonere  compositus— p.  de  Chypre,  see 
Cladonia  rangiferrina  — p.  du  Comte  de  Palme, 
Magnesia?  carbonas — p.  Cornacfane,  Pulvis  cor- 
nachini — p.  de  Come  bralee  avec  opium,  Pulvis 
cornu  usti  cum  opio — p.  de  Crate  composie,  see 
Pulvis  creta?  compositus — p.  de  Cruie  composee 
avec  opium,  Pulvis  creta?  compositus  cum  opio 
— p.  de  Dower,  Pulvis  ipecacuanhas  compositus 
— p.  Gazifere  laxative,  Powders,  Seidlitz — p. 
Gazifere  simple,  Powders,  soda — p.  de  Gommc 
adragant composee,  Pulvis  targacantha?  composi- 
tus— p.  de  Gomme  guile,  Pulvis  e  gummi  guild — 
p.  llydrugngue,  Pulvis  e  gummi  gutta — p.  In- 
cisive, Pulvis  de  sulphure  et  scilla — p.  d1  Ipecac- 
uanha ct  opium.,  Pulvis  ipecacuanha? compositus 
— p.  de  Jalap  composee,  Pulvis  jalapa?  compositus 
— p  de  Kino  composee,  Pulvis  kino  compositus 
— p.  de  Perard,  Pulvis  de  senna,  scainmonio  et 
lignis — p.  de  Quercelanus,  Pulvis  e  gummi  gutta 
— p.  de  Saint  Ange,  Pulvis  asari  compositus — p. 
de  Savon  vegetate,  Pulvis  gummosus  alkalinus 
— p.  de.  scammonce  composee,  Pulvis  scamrnoneu? 
compositus — p.  de  Sedlitz,  Powders,  Seidlitz — 
p.  de  Sine  composee,  Pulvis  sennas  coinp. — p.  de 
Seniinclli,  Magnesia?  carbonas — p.  Siyptique, 
Pulvis  snlphatis  alumina?  compositus. 

POUDRE  SUBTIL  DE  DELCROIX.  A 
fashionable  depilatory  "  for  removing  superflu- 
ous hair  in  less  than  ten  minutes."  Ii  is  said 
to  consist  of  Quicklime  and  Sulphurel  of  Arsenic, 
with  some  vegetable  powder. —  Paris. 

POL  ORE  TEMP  ERA  ATE  DE  STAHL, 
Pulvis  de  sulphate  potassa?  compositus — p.  de 
Valentiui,  Magnesia?  carbonas — p.  Vermifuge 
mereuriclle,  Pulvis  e  sulphurelo  hj'drargyri  ni- 
gro  et  scainmonio — p  Vermifuge  sans  mercure, 
Pulvis  ex  helminlhocorto  compositus. 

POUGUES,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
These  alkaline  waters  are  in  the  department  of 
Nievre,  France.  They  contain  carbonic  acid, 
carbonates  of  soda,  lime  and  magnesia;  chlo- 
ride of  sodium;  alumina  and  silica,  with  pro- 
toxide of  iron. 
P0ULA1N,  Bubo. 

POU  LET  (VfJV  DE,)  (F.)  Pullet  Wine.  A 
disgusting  preparation,  made  by  infusing  the 
excrement  of  1  he  pullet  in  white  wine  Ac- 
cording to  Nystcn.  it  is  employed  by  the  vulgar 
in  France  in  a  number  of  diseases,  and  espe- 
cially in  falls,  contusions,  &c. 
POULIOT,  Mentha  pulegium. 
POULS,  Pulse—/;.  Abdominal,  Pulsus  inferior 
— p.  des  Adultes,  Pulse,  natural — p.  Avite,  Pulsus 
fortis — p.  Bas,  Pulse,  low— p.  Capital,  Pulse, 
nasal — p.  Combine1,  Pulse,  complex— p.  Com- 
pliquf.  Pulse,  complex — p.  Compost,  Pulse, 
complex — p-  Concentre,  Pulse,  contracted — p. 
defaillant,  Pulsus  deficiens — p.  Deprime,  Pulse, 


depressed — p.de  la  Diarrhee,  Pulse,  intestinal— 
p.  Ihir,  Pulse,  hard—//.  E/cre,  Pulse,  ardent— p. 
Eatbarrasse,  Pulsus  intricatus— p.  de  I'Estomac 
Pulse,  stomachal — p.  Etroil,  Pulsus  strictus— p! 
de  I' Expectoration,  Pulse,  pectoral— p.  Faible, 
Pulse,  feeble^-p.  du  Foie,  Pulse,  hepatic— p. 
Grand,  Pulse,  large— p.  Insensible,  Pulsus  de- 
ficiens—p.  Intercadent,  Pulse,  intermittent — p. 
des  Intestins,  Pulse,  intestinal— p.  Languissant, 
Pulse,  languid— p.  Lent,  Pulse,  slow— p.  de  la 
Metrics,  Pulsus  uterinus — p.  Modere,  Pulse,  na- 
tural—p.  Mou,  Pulse,  soft — p.  de  Nez,  Pulse, 
nasal— p.  Ondoyant,  Pulse,  undulating — p.  On- 
dulani.  Pulse,  undulating— p.  Palpitant,  Pulse, 
tremulous— p.  Parfait,  Pulse,  natural— p.  Petit, 
Pulse,  small— p  PUin,  Pulse,  full—  p.  Precipite, 
Pulse,  frequent — p.  Profond,  Pulse,  deep— p. 
Prompt,  Pulse,  sharp— 77.  Rare,  Pulse,  slow  — 
/>.  Rebondissant.  Pulsus  dicrotus— p.  Redouble', 
Pulsus  dicrotus— p.  des  Rigles.  Pulsus  uterinus 
— p.  Roide,  Pulse,  tense— p.  Serratile,  Pulsus 
serrinus — p.Seric,  Pulse,  contracted — p.de  la 
Sueur,  Pulsus  sudoralis— p.  Tardif.  Pulse,  slow 
—p.  Tendu,  Pulse,  tense— p.  Tremhlant,  Pulse, 
tremulous— p.  de  V Urine,  Pulsus  urinalis— p. 
Vehement,  Pulsus  fortis— p.  Ventral,  Pulsus  in- 
ferior— p.  Vide,  Pulsus  vacuus— p.  Vif  Pulse, 
sharp — p.  Vitc,  Pulse,  sharp. 

POULTICE,  Cataplasm. 

POUNCE,  Sandarac. 

POUND,  Libra,  Litra,  Xaq*,  Lat.  Pondo, 
Bage'dia,  (of  twelve  oz..)  Bar  da' dia,  (F.)  Litre, 
from  pondere,  'to  weigh.'  A  weight,  consist- 
ing of  twelve  ounces  Troy,  —  sixteen  ounces 
avoirdupois.     See  Weights  and  Measures. 

POURPIER  CULTIVJI,  Portulaca. 

POURPRE  BLANC,  Miliary  fever. 

POURRITURE,  Putrefaction— p.  D'Hopitai, 
Hospital  onnffrene. 

POUS,  Pes. 

POUSSE,  Pursiness. 

POUSSE E,  Lichen. 

POWDER,  (F.)  Poudre.     See  Pulvis. 

Powder  of  .iETHio'riA,  Guv's.  A  once  ce- 
lebrated anthelmintic,  which  consisted  of  pure 
rasped  tin,  mercury,  and  sulphur,  triturated  to- 
gether. 

Powdf.k  of  Alof.s,  Compound,  Pulvis  aloes 
compositus — p.  Alum,  compound,  Pulvis  sul- 
phatis  alumina?  compositus— p.  of  Aloes  with 
canella,  Pulvis  aloes  cum  canellu—  p.  Antimo- 
nial, Chenevix's,  Antimonial  powder — p  of 
Arum,  compound,  Pulvis  de  aro  compositus — 
p.  of  Asarabacca,  compound,  Pulvis  asari  com- 
positus—p.  of  Bladder- wrack,  yellow,  Pulvis 
quercus  marina?—' p.  Bleaching,  Calcis  clilori- 
dum— p.  Gamboge,  Pulvis  e  gummi  gutta — p. 
Cardinal  del  Lugo's,  Cinchona — p.  of  Chalk, 
compound,  Pulvis  creta?  compositus — p.  of 
Chalk  with  opium,  compound,  Pulvis  creta? 
compositus  cum  opio — p.  of  Cinnamon,  com- 
pound, Pulvis  cinnamomi  compositus — p  of 
Conlrajerva,  compound,  Pulvis  conlrayervse 
compositus — p.  Countess's,  Cinchona — p.  Coun- 
tess of  Kent's,  Cantianus  pulvis— p.  Cyprus, 
Hibiscus  abelmoschus — p.  Dover's,  Pulvis  ipe- 
cacuanha? compositus. 

Powder  of  Dupuythen  (Caustic;)  finned 
of  I  p:irt  of  arsenious  acid  and  200  parts  of  mild 
chloride  of  mercury.  A  mild  and  manageable 
caustic  for  causing  an  eschar  on  exposed  sur- 
faces, and  in  lupus,  &c. 


POWDER,  EARL  OF  WARWICK'S     G14 


PRECIPITATION 


Powder,  Earl  or  Warwick's, Pulvis  corna- 
chini— p.  of  Ethiopia,  Powder  of  ./Ethiopia. 

Powder  of  Faynard.  A  celebrated  powder 
for  arresting  hemorrhage,  said  to  be  nothing 
more  than  the  charcoal  of  beech  wood  finely 
pulverized. 

Powder,  Fever,  Schwangerg's,  Antimonial 
powder — p.  Ginger-beer,  see  Amomum  zingi- 
ber—  p.  Gout,  Duke  of  Portland's,  Pulvis  Duci 
Portlandis — p.  of  Burnt  hartshorn  with  opium, 
Pulvis  cornu  cervi  cum  opio — p.  Ipecacuanha 
compound,  Pulvis  ipecacuanha;  compositus — p. 
of  Jalap,  compound,  Pulvis  jalapae  compositus 
— p.  James's,  factitious,  Antimonial  powder — 
p.  Jesuits',  Cinchona — p.  of  Kino,  compound, 
Pulvis  kino  compositus — p. of  Lemonade,  see 
Lemonade — p.  of  Magnesia,  compound,  Pulvis 
de  magnesia  compositus — p.  of  the  Marquis, 
Marchionis  pulvis — p.  Mead's,  against  the  bite 
of  a  Mad  dog,  Pulvis  antilyssus — p.  Myrrh, 
compound,  Pulvis  myrrh  ce  compositus — p. 
Scammony  and  aloes,  Pulvis  scammonii  ruin 
aloe — p.  Scammony  compound,  Pulvis  scam- 
monice  compositus — p.  of  Senna,  compound, 
Pulvis  sennas  compositus — p.  Sneezing,  see 
Veratrum  album — p.  Spruce  beer,  see  Spruce 
beer — p.  Tennant's,  Calcis  chloridum— p. Tooth, 
Dentifricium — p.  Tragacanth,  compound,  Pul- 
vis tragacanth.33  compositus. 

Powder,  Vienna,  is  composed  of  equal  parts 
of  quicklime  and  potassa  cum  calce.  In  using 
it,  it  is  made  into  a  paste — Vienna  paste — with 
spirits  of  wine,  and  is  applied  on  the  diseased 
part,  previously  circumscribed  by  a  hole  cut  in 
a  sticking  plaster. 

To  be  left  on  from  10  to  20  minutes,  accord- 
ing to  the  depth  of  the  eschar  required.  Used 
in  cases  of  lupous  ulceration. 

Powders,  Castillon,  so  called  from  the 
name  of  the  physician  who  first  proposed  them. 
They  are  formed  of  sago,  in  powder;  salep,  in 
powder;  tragacanth,  in  powder,  of  each,  four 
parts;  prepared  oystershells,  one  part,  cochineal, 
half  a  part,  divided  into  powders  of  one  drachm 
each ;  one  of  which  is  given  three  or  four  times 
a  day  as  a  demulcent  in  diarrhoea  and  dysentery. 

Powders,  Soda.  (F.)  Poudres  gaziferes  sim- 
pks.  Sodas  carl,  ^ss,  in  each  blue  paper ;  tartaric 
acid,  gr.  xxv.  in  each  white  paper;  for  half  a  pint 
of  water.  A  pleasant,  cooling  drink ;  taken 
during  the  effervescence. 

Scidlitz  Powders,  (F.)  Poudres  gaziferes  lax- 
atives ou  Poudres  de  Sedlitz,  contain  one  or  two 
drachms  of  tartrate  of  potassa  and  soda,  added 
to  the  alkali  in  the  blue  paper. 

POWER,  Faculty— p.  Inherent,  Irritability 
— p.  Tonic,  Irritability. 

POX,'  Syphilis,  Variola — p.  Chicken,  Vari- 
cella— p.  French,  Syphilis — p.  Noddle,  Syphilo- 
mania — p.  Small,  Variola — p.  Swine,  see  Vari- 
cella— p.  Water,  see  Varicella. 

POZZUOLI,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Pozzuoli  is  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Naples. 
The  springs  are,  1.  Acqua  delta  pielra,  Temp. 
91°  Fah.  2.  Acqua  di  Cavalcanti,  Temp.  100°. 
■  Jl.  di  suhveni  homini,  Temp.  102°,  A.  del  canta- 
rello,  Temp.  86  to  89;  and  that  of  the  Temple 
of  Serapis  in  Pozzuoli, Temp.  102  to  107.  The 
last  contains  carbonic  acid,  carbonates  of  lime, 
magnesia,  alumina,  and  iron,  carbonate  of  soda, 
chloride  of  sodium,  sulphate  of  lime,  and  silica. 

PRACTICE  OF  PHYSIC,  Therapeutics. 


PRACTITIONER,  GENERAL,  Surgeon- 
apothecary. 

PRJEBIUM,  Dose. 

PR^ECIPITANS  MAGNUM,  Sepia. 

PR^ECIPITATUM  ALBUM,  Hydrargyrum 
praecipitatum. 

PRiECIPITATUS  RUBER,  Hydrargyri  ni- 
trico-oxydum. 

PRiECISIO,  Circumcision. 

PR^ECOCIA,  Prunus  Armeniaca. 

PRECOCITY,  Prceotia. 

PRiECOGNITIO,  Prognosis. 

PR^ECORDIA,  from  prce,'  before,'  and  cor, 
'the  heart.'  The  diaphragm  (q.  v.);  also,  the 
abdominal  viscera,  and  the  epigastrium. 

Pr/ecor'dial  or  Precordial  Re'gion  is  the 
epigastric  region.  Also,  and  more  properly, 
the  region  of  the  heart.  A  line  drawn  from  the 
inferior  margins  of  the  third  ribs  across  the  ster- 
num passes  over  the  valves  of  the  pulmonary 
artery  a  little  to  the  left  of  the  mesial  line,  and 
those  of  the  aorta  are  behind  them,  but  about 
half  an  inch  lower  down.  A  vertical  line,  co- 
inciding with  the  left  margin  of  the  sternum, 
has  about  one-third  of  the  heart,  comprising 
the  upper  portion  of  the  right  ventricle,  on  the 
right,  and  two-thirds,  comprising  the  lower  por- 
tion of  the  right  ventricle  and  the  whole  of  the 
left,  on  the  left.     This  is  the  precordial  region. 

PR^ECORDIUM,  Fossette  du  ca>.ur. 

PRECOX  MATURITAS,  Praotia. 

PR^EDICTIO,  Prognosis. 

PR^EFOCATIO,  Orthopncea,  Suffocation— 
p.  Faucium,  Angone — p.  Matricis,  Hysteria. 

PR^FOCATION,  Strangulatio  uterina. 

PRJ3GNANS,  Pregnant. 

PR.^GNATIO,  Preo-nancy. 

PRiEGUSTATIO,  Mant-gout. 

PRiEHENSIO,  Prehensio. 

PR^ELIN'GUA.  The  anterior  part  or  tip  of 
the  tongue. 

PR^ELIUM,  Press,  Tourniquet. 

PR.ELUMBARIS,  Prelnmbar. 

PR.EPARATIO.  Preparation. 

PR.EPA-RATUM,  Preparation. 

PRJEPOTTO,  Propotismos. 

PR.EPUT1UM.  Prepuce. 

PR^ESCRIPTIO,  Prescription. 

PR^ESEPIOLUM,  Alveolus. 

PRJESEP1UM,  Alveolus. 

PR,ESERVATO'RIA  INDICA'TIO.  A  pre- 
servative indication:  one  proper  for  preventing 
the  development  of  disease. 

PR.ESPINALIS,  Prespinal. 

PR^TIBIALIS,  Pretibial. 

PRAIRIE  PINES,  Liatris. 

PRASINUM  VIRIDE,  Cupri  subacetas. 

PRAS1NUS,  Porraceous. 

PRASI'TES,  from  prasium,  'horehound.' 
Wine  in  which  the  leaves  of  horehound  have 
been  infused. 

PRASIUM,  Marrubium. 

PRASUM,  Allium  Prasum. 

PRAXIS,  Action. 

PRECIPITATE,  RED,  Hydrargyri  nitrico- 
oxydum  —  p.  While,  Hydrargyrum  prtccipita- 
tum. 

PRECIPITA'TION,  Prmcipita'tia,  (F.)  Pre- 
cipiti,  from  prsecipiture,  (prat,  '  before,  and  ca- 
put, '  the  head,')  'to  throw  headlong.'  The  action 
by  which  a  body  abandons  a  liquid  in  which  it 
is  dissolved  ;  and  becomes  deposited  at  the  bot- 


PRECIPITATION  DE  LA  MATRICE     G15  PREGNANCY,  INTERSTITIAL 


torn  of  the  vessel.    The  matter  so  thrown  down, 
or  precipitated,  is  called  a.  precipitate. 

PRECIPITATION  DE  LA  MATRICE,Vro- 
cidentia  uteri. 

PR&C1PIT&  BLANC,  Hydrargyrum  pneci- 
pitatnm. 

PRECORDIAL,  Precordial. 

PRECUR'SORY,  Priecurso'rius,-  from  pra, 
'before,'  and  curro,  cursum,  'I  run.'  That 
which  precedes. 

Phecur'sory  or  Premon'itohy  Signs  or  Symp- 
toms, (F.)  Signes  prccurseurs,  S.  avant  coureurs, 
are  those  which  indicate  an  approaching  dis- 
ease. 

PREDISPOSITION,  Prsedisposi'tio,  from  pre, 
'  before,'  and  disponcre,  '  to  dispose,'  (F.)  Immi- 
nence morbide.  That  constitution  or  condition  of 
the  body,  which  disposes  it  to  the  action  of  dis- 
ease under  the  application  of  an  exciting  cause. 
Thus,  in  hereditary  diseases,  the  conformation 
is  such,  that  but  a  slight  exciting  cause  may  be 
required  to  produce  them.  When  the  disease 
arises,  solely,  from  the  predisposition,  or  under 
the  additional  influence  of  an  extremely  slight, 
exciting  cause,  it  is,  by  some,  termed  a  disposi- 
tion. , 

PREDOR'SAL.  Pra-dorsa'/is,  from  prse,  'be- 
fore', and  dorsum,  'the  back.' 

Pujedorsal  Region  of  the  vertebral  column 
is  the  anterior  surface  of  the  dorsal  region. 

PRE'-DORSO-ATLO'i'DIEN,  Longus  colli. 

PRE-DORSO  CERVICAL,  Longus  colli. 

PREG'NANCY,  Utera-gesta'tio,  Prsegna'tio, 
Imprsegna'tio,  from  prx,  'before,'  and  genere, 
'  to  beget.'  Graviditas,  En'cymon,  Cye'sis,  En- 
eye' sis,  Encymo'sia,  Cyopho'ria,  Gesta'tion,  Fa- 
ta'Hon;  (F.)  Grossesse.  The  state  of  a  female 
who  has,  within  her  ovary,  or  womb,  a  fecun- 
dated germ,  which  gradually  becomes  deve- 
loped in  the  latter  receptacle.  When  placed 
in  the  cavity  of  the  uterus, — by  virtue  of  the 
vital  principle  which  animates  it,  it  becomes 
attached  to  the  inner  surface  of  that  viscus,  and 
obtains  from  it  indirectly  the  nutriment  neces- 
sary for  its  gradual  development,  during  the 
space  of  ten  lunar  months  or  280  days, — the 
ordinary  term  of  gestation,  although  the  period 
may  be  protracted  perhaps  to  300  days, — at  the 
expiration  of  which  parturition  occurs.  Preg- 
nancy is  commonly  limited  to  a  single  foetus: 
at  times,  the  uterus  contains  two  or  three. — See 
Reproduction.  Occasionally, one  or  two  moles — 
the  degenerated  products  of  conception — alone 
occupy  the  uterus: — at  other  times,  a  foetus 
likewise  exists.  In  certain  cases,  and  owing  to 
accidental  circumstances,  the  fecundated  ovum 
remains  in  the  ovarium,  or  is  arrested  in  the 
Fallopian  tube.  Pregnancy  has,  accordingly, 
been  distinguished  into,  1.  Natural  or  uterine, 
when  the  fcetus  is  carried  in  the  cavity  of  the 
womb:  and  2.  Preternatural  or  extra-uterine, 
■'lion,  Concep'tio  vitio'sa,  Paracye'sis  seu 
'.  is,  Ecthysterocye'sis,  Dysto'cia,  Dyscyc'sis 
eztra-uteri'na,  (F.)  Grossesse  contre -nature, — 
when  it  occurs  in  the  ovarium,  tube,  or  cavity 
of  the  abdomen. 

During  pregnancy,  the  female  experiences 
•  remarkable  changes  in  the  condition  of  her  or- 
gans and  functions.  The  genital  apparatus  is, 
of  course,  most  affected.  The  uterus  changes 
its  shape,  situation,  size,  and  texture.  The 
usual  signs. of  pregnancy  are, — suppression  of 
the   catamenia;    the    abdomen    gradually   en 


larging  and  forming  a  hard  tumour;  the  umbi- 
licus prominent  in  the  latter  months;  the  breasts 
increasing  in  size;  the  areola  round  the  nipple 
becoming  darker  and  the  follicles  more  deve- 
loped; a  bluish  tint  of  the  vagina  after  the  4th 
week;  about  the  5th  month,  the  evidence  by 
ballottement,  (q.  v.)  and  the  placental  souffle  and 
sound  of  the  icetal  heart  heard  on  auscultatijn; 
the  motion  of  the  foetus  perceptible,  and  the 
neck  of  the  uterus  diminishing  in  length  at  the 
advanced  periods. 

Pregnancy,  Abdom'inal,  Eccyc'sis  abdomi- 
na'lis.  (F.)  Grossesse  abdominale.  That  in 
which  the  ovum  has  escaped  into  the  cavity  of 
the  abdomen. 

Pregnancy,  Afce'tal,  Pregnancy  without  a 
fcetus,  (F.)  Grossesse  afwtale,  G.  sans  fectus. 
Pregnancy  produced  by  a  false  or  degenerate 
conception,  or  any  other  affection,  which  has 
given  place  to  unusual  development  of  the 
uterus.  Madame  Boivin  includes  in  this  class, 
sarco-hysteric,  hydro-hysteric,  gazo  hysteric,  and 
hemaio-hystenc  pregnancies,  (q.  v.) 

1'hegnancy,  Bigeminal,  (F.)  Grossesse  bige- 
minal, Double  pregnane]) .  Pregnancy  in  which 
there  are  twins  in  utero — Madame  Boivin. 

Pregnancy,  Complex,  (F.)  Grossesse  com- 
plete, G.  inter-cxlra-uterinc,  is  when  the  womb, 
besides  a  foetus,  contains  much  water,  hyda- 
tids, a  mole,  &c. 

Pregnancy,  Compound,  (F.)  Grossesse  com- 
posee,  is  when  there  are  two  or  three  foetuses 
in  the  cavity  of  the  uterus. 

Pregnancy,  Double,  Pregnancy,  bigeminal 
— p.  Extra-uterine,  see  Pregnancy. 

Preg'nancy,  False,  Graviditas  spuria,  (F.) 
G?vssesse  fausse  ou  apparentc,  Pseudocye'sis. 
Authors  have  called  thus  different  affections  of 
a  more  or  less  serious  character,  which  resem- 
ble pregnancy;  so  as,  at  times,  to  impose  upon 
the  best  informed  practitioners.  These  diseases 
may  be  seated  in  the  uterus  or  its  dependen- 
cies, in  the  intestines  or  some  other  part  of  the 
abdomen.  They  may  be; — a  mole,  hydatids, 
water,  blood,  or  polypus  distending  the  p3rietes 
of  the  uterus; — chronic  enlargement  of  the 
uterus;  development  of  tumours,  &ct,  in  its 
substance: — scirrhus;  dropsy  of  the  ovaria; 
ascites;  tympanites,  &c. 

Pregnancy,  Fcetal,  fF.)  Grossesse  fastale. 
Pregnancy  in  which  there  is  a  fcetus,  or  more 
than  one,  in  the  uterus  or  out  of  it.  Madame 
Boivin  puts  in  this  class — the  solitary,  bigemi- 
nal, trigeminal,  and  sarco-f octal  pregnancies, 
which  form  the  first  order;  and  the  tubal,  ova- 
riot,  and  abdominal,xvh\ch  constitute  the  second. 

Pregnancv,  Gazo-hysteric,  (F.J  Grossesse 
Gazo-hysterique.  Afcetal  pregnane}',  caused  by 
development  of  air  or  gas  in  the  cavity  of  the 
womb. — Madame  Boivin. 

Pregnancy,H.emato-hysteric,(F.)  Grossesse 
hematohysterique.  Afoctal  pregnancy,  caused 
by  accumulation  of  blood  in  the  uterus. — Ma- 
dame Boivin. 

Pregnancy,  Hydro-hysteric,  (F.)  Grossesse 
hydro-  hyslcrique.  Afoctal  pregnancv, occasioned 
by  the  secretion  and  accumulation  of  serous 
fluid  in  the  uterus. 

Pregnancv,  I.ntf.rstit"!al,  Gravid'ilas,  in 
uteri  subs  tan' tid,  Gravid' Has  interstitial  lis.  The 
development  of  the  embryo  in  the  proper  sub- 
stance of  the  uterus.  The  case  generally  ter- 
minates fatally  at  an  early  period  of  gestation; 


PREGNANCY,  MORBID 


616 


PRESCRIPTION 


Ihe  thin  external  paries  of  the    uterus  being    popular  practice,  in  dysentery;  and  in  the  form 


ruptured,  and  the  ovum  passing  into  the  abdo 
rninal  cavity. 

Pregnancy,  Morbid,  Paracye'sis,  Dysto'cia, 
Dysrye'sis.  The  progress  of  pregnancy  dis- 
turbed or  endangered  by  the  supervention  of 
general  or  local  disorder. — Good. 

Pregnancy,  Ova'rian,  (F.)  Grossesse  ovari- 
cnne  ou  de  Covaire,  Eccye'sis  ova'ria,  Oariocye'- 
sis.  Pregnancy  in  which  the  foetus  is  developed 
in  the  interior  of  the  ovary. 

Pregnancy,  Pretended.  The.  criminal  act 
of  a  female,  who,  not  having  been  delivered, 
presents"an  infant  as  having  been  born  of  her. 
(F.)  Supposition  de  part.  (This  term,  in  French, 
likewise  includes  the  case  of  a  female,  who, 
having  been  delivered  of  a  dead  child,  substi- 
tutes for  it  a  living  child  which  is  not  hers.) 

Pregnancy,  Sarco-fcetal,  (F.)  Grossesse 
sarco-falulc.  Pregnancy  in  which  there  are 
one  or  more  foetuses,  and  one  or  more  moles. — 
Madame  Boivin. 

Pregnancy,  Sarco-Hysteric,  (F.)  Grossesse 
Sarco-hysterique.  Afootal  pregnancy  formed  by 
moles,  hydatids,  or  a  false  conception. — Ma- 
dame Boivin. 

Pregnancy, Solitary,  (F.)  Grossesse soUtuirc 
ou  simple.  Pregnancy  in  which  there  is  a  sin- 
gle fetus. — Madame  Boivin. 

Pregnancy,  Trigeminal,  (F.)  Grossesse  tri- 
gimina.lt  ou  triple.  Pregnancy  in  which  Ihere 
are  three  fetuses  in  the  cavity  of  the  uterus. — 
Madame  Boivin. 

Pregnancy,  Tubal,  (F.)  Grossesse  tubaire, 
Eccye'sis  tuba' Pis.  Pregnancy  where  the  fetus 
remains  and  is  developed  in  the  Fallopian  tube. 
Pregnancy,  Utero-abdomi'nal,  (F.)  Gros- 
sesse vteroabdominale.  Pregnancy  consisting 
of  two  fetuses;  one  in  the  uterus — the  other  in 
the  abdominal  cavity. —  Madame  Boivin. 

Pregnancy,  Uteroova'rial,  (F.)  Grossesse 
utcro-ovarienne.  Pregnancy  with  two  fetuses, 
one  in  the  womb — the  other  in  the  ovary. 

Pregnancy,  Utero-tubal,  (F.)  Grossesse 
ut'ero-tubaire.  Pregnancy  in  which  there  is,  at 
the  same  time,  a  fetus  in  the  womb  and  another 
in  the  Fallopian  tube. 

PREGNANT,  Prx<mans,  Encar'pos,  Grav- 
ida, Plena  mu'lier,  (F.)  Enceinte.  One  in  a  state 
of  pregnancy; — one  with  child. 

PREHENSIO,  Catalepsy,  Epilepsy. 
PREHEN'SION,  Prceltensio,  from prekendere, 
'  to  lay  hold  of.' 

Prehension  of  Food  is  the  nctof  carrying  it 
to  the  mouth,  and  introducing  it  into  that  cavity. 
It  is,  also,  called  Assumptio,  Proslep'sis,  Pros'- 
phora. 

PRELE,  Hippuris  vulgaris. 
PR&LOMBAIRE,  Prelumbar. 
PRliLOM  BO-PUB  PEN,   Psoas   parvus— p. 
Trochandn,  Psoas  magnus. 
PRELUM,  Press 

PRELUM'BAR,  Prxlumha'ris,  (F.)  Prelom- 
bnirc,  from  pro?,  '  before,'  and  lumbi,  'the  loins.' 
That  which  is  placed  before  the  loins.  The 
prelumbar  surface  of  the  spinal  column  is  the 
anterior  surface  of  the  lumbar  portion. 
PREMONITORY,  see  Precursory. 
PRENAN'THES,  Gall  of  ike  Earth,  Dewitt 
Sunkeroot,  Lion's  Foot.  There  are  many  spe- 
cies of  this  indigenous  plant,  whose  root  and 
milky  juice  are  very  bitter.     They  are  used  in 


of  cataplasm  to  bites  of  serpents. 

PREPARATION,  Pnrpara'tio,  from  prx, 
'before,'  and  purare, palatum,  '  to  get  ready.' 
The  act  of  making  ready  any  substance  what- 
ever that  has  to  be  employed  for  any  purpose. 

Also,  the  product  of  any  pharmaceutical  ope- 
tion ; — Prxpara'tum. 

Any  part  of  the  human  body,  preserved  for 
the  uses  of  the  anatomist,  is  so  called. 

PREPUCE;  Prapu'tium,  perhaps  from  jro»f, 
and  nor8t], '  the  foreskin,'  Epagdgium,  Postke, 
Foreskin.  The  prolongation  of  the  integuments 
of  the  penis,  which  covers  the  glans.  The  pre- 
puce is  composed  of  two  membranous  layers: 
one  external  or  cutaneous;  the  other  internal 
or  mucous,  separated  by  cellular  membrane. 
The  mucous  membrane  lines  the  inner  surface 
of  the  cutaneous  layer  till  beyond  the  glans, 
when  it  is  reflected  over  the  latter;  forming, 
behind  the  corona,  a  small  cul-de-sac  above  the 
corpora  cavernosa,  which  is  interrupted  by  a 
triangular  duplicative  of  the  mucous  membrane, 
called  the  frxnum.  fixed  in  the  furrow  at  the 
inferior  part  of  the  glans,  and  terminating  at  a 
little  distance  from  the  orifice  of  the  urethra. 
The  clitoris  is  covered  by  a  semilunar  fold 
formed  by  a  continuation  of  the  skin  of  the  la- 
bia.    It  is  called.  Prcrpu'lhini  clitor'idis. 

PRESBYOPIA,  Presbytia. 

PRESBYSPHACELUS,  Gangrene  of  old 
people. 

PRESBYTIA,  Prcsbyo'pia,  Amblyo'pia  proxi- 
mo'rum,  Visus  seni'lis,  (F.)  Vue  tongue,  from 
t§e3"/?uc,  '  an  old  person.'  A  condition  of  vision, 
common  in  old  persons,  which  consists  in  the 
circumstance  of  near  objects  being  confusedly 
seen,  whilst  those  at  a  greater  distance  are 
clearly  distinguished.  It  is  supposed  to  de- 
pend generally  on  diminution  of  the  convexity 
of  the  cornea;  whence  results  an  alteration  in 
the  convergency  of  the  rays,  so  that  they  form 
a  focus  behind  the  retina.  This  defect  is  re- 
medied by  the  use  of  convex  glasses,  which 
augment  the  convergence  of  the  luminous  rays. 
It  is,  also,  called  Long-sigktcdness,  Purop'sis 
longin'qua,  Dyso'pia  proximo' rum. 

PRESCRIPTION,  Prxscrip'lio,  Anag'rapbl, 
from  prx,  'before,'  and  scribere,  'to  write.' 
For'mulo,  (F.)  Formule,  Ordonnance.  The  for- 
mula which  the  physician  writes  for  the  com- 
position of  medicine,  adapted  to  any  case  of 
disease.  A  prescription  should  be  as  simple  as 
possible,  and  should  bear  upon  its  face  the  evi- 
dence of  the  objects  to  be  fulfilled  by  it.  No 
article  should  form  part  of  it,  unless  adapted  for 
serving  some  useful  purpose.  A  compound  pre- 
scription has  been  divided  into  four  parts:  — the 
basis  or  principal  ingredient  of  the  prescription;  tht 
ad'jiiru ns,  or  that  which  is  designed  to  promote 
tiii'  action  of  the  former;  the  cor'rigens,  or  that 
intended  to  correct  its  operation  or  obviate  any 
unpleasant  symptom, -which  it  maybe  apt  to 
produce;  and  the  constit'uens,  excipient,  or  sub* 
stance  which  gives  to  the  other  ingredients  con- 
sistence or  form.  All  these  are  seen  in  the  fol- 
lowing formula  for  cathartic  pills: — 
5;  Aloes,  gj.  Basis. 

Hyd.  Chlorid.  mit.      gr.  x.  Adjuvans. 

Olei  Carui,  g;t-  v.  Corrigens. 

Syr u pi,  q-  s.  Constitucns. 

fiant.  Pilulse  xx. 

It  is  obvious,  however, that  most  prescriptions 


PRESCRIPTION 


C17 


PRESSURE,  ABDOMINAL 


are  more  simple  than  this.  The  basis,  for  ex- 
ample, may  require  neither  adjuvant,  corrigent, 
nor  constituent. 

Dr.  Paris  has  given  the  following  synopsis  of 
the  principles  of  medicinal  combination,  lama- 
tot  axiolog"ia,  Iamalosyntaxiolo" gia,  which  may 
serve  as  an  instructive  guide  to  the  prescriber: — 

OBJECT  I. 

TO  PROMOTE  THE  ACTION  OF  THE  BASIS. 

A.  By  combining  the  several  different  forms 
or  preparations  of  the  same  substance.  B.  By 
combining  the  basis  with  substances  which  are 
of  the  same  nature;  i.  e.  which  are  individually 
capable  of  producing  the  same  effects,  with 
less  energy  than  when  in  combination  with  each 
other.  C.  By  combining  the  basis  with  sub- 
stances of  a  different  nature,  and  which  do  not 
exert  any  chymical  influence  upon  it,  but  are 
found  by  experience,  or  inferred  by  analogy,  to 
be  capable  of  rendering  the  stomach  or  system 
more  susceptible  of  its  action. 

OBJECT  II. 

TO  CORRECT  THE  OPERATION  OF  THE  BASIS  BY 
OBVIATING  ANV  UNPLEASANT  EFFECTS  IT  MIGHT 
BE  LIKELY  TO  OCCASION,  AND  WHICH  WOULD 
PERVERT  ITS  INTENDED  ACTION,  AND  DEFEAT 
THE  OBJECT  OF  ITS  EXHIBITION. 

Jl.  By  chymicalhj  neutralizing  or  mechanically 
separating  the  offending  ingredient.  B.  By 
adding  some  substance  calculated  to  guard  the 
stomach  or  system  against  its  deleterious  effects. 

OBJECT  III. 

TO    OBTAIN    THE    JOINT    OPERATION    OF    TWO    OR 
MORE   MEDICINES. 

A.  By  uniting  those  medicines  which  are 
calculated  to  produce  the  same  ultimate  results, 
but  by  modes  of  operation  totally  different.  B. 
By  combining  medicines  which  have  entirely 
different  powers;  and  which  are  required  to  ob- 
viate different  symptoms,  or  to  answer  different 
indications. 

OBJECT  IV. 

TO  OBTAIN  A  NEW  AND  ACTIVE  REMEDY,  NOT  AF- 
FORDED BY  ANY  SINGLE  SUBSTANCE. 

A.  By  combining  medicines  which  excite 
different  actions  in  the  stomach  and  system,  in 
consequence  of  which  new  or  modified  results 
are  produced.  /?.  By  combining  substances 
which  have  the  property  of  acting  ckymically 
upon  each  other:  the  results  of  which  are: — a. 
The  formation  of  new  compounds;  b.  The  de- 
composition of  the  original  ingredients,  and  the 
development  of  the  more  active  elements.  C. 
By  combining  substances,  between  which  no 
other  change  is  induced  than  a  diminution  or 
increase  in  .the  solubility  of  the  principles  in 
which  their  medicinal  virtues  reside,  a.  By 
the  intervention  of  substances  that  act  ckymi- 
cally. b.  By  the  addition  of  ingredients,  whose 
operation  is  entirely  mechanical., 

OBJECT  V. 

TO  AFFORD   AN  ELIGIBLE  FORINT. 

a.  By  which  the  efficacy  of  the  remedy  is  en- 
hanced, b.  By  which  its  aspect  or  flavour  is 
rendered  more  agreeable,  or  its  mode  of  admi- 
nistration more  convenient,  c.  By  which  it  is 
preserved  from  the  spontaneous  decomposition 
to  which  it  is  liable. 

[The  vocabulary  in  the  Author's  "Medical 
Student,"  Philad.  1844,  will  aid  the  student,  not 
40 


only  in  translating,  but  in  writing  his  prescrip- 
tions more  solito.~] 

PRESENTATION, from  (Lat.) prsesens,  (prse, 
'  before/  and  ens, '  being.')  The  part  of  a  foetus 
which  is  felt  presenting,  on  examination  per 
vaginam.  When  the  head  presents,  and  espe- 
cially the  vertex,  or  the  feet,  knees,  or  breech, 
the  presentation  is  said  to  be  natural:  when 
any  other  part,  preternatural ;  and  the  labour  is 
styled  perverse  or  preternatural,  Parodyn'ia per- 
versa, Dysto'cia  perver'sa,  Cross-birth,  (F.)  Ac- 
couchement contre  nature.  When  any  part,  be- 
sides the  head,  feet,  knees,  or  breech  presents, 
the  operation  of  turning,  (q.  v.)  becomes  neces- 
sary.    See  Parturition. 

PRESIS,  Swelling. 

PRESLE,  Hippuris  vulgaris. 

PRESPI'NAL,  Prsespina'lis,  from  prse,  'be- 
fore,' and  spina,  '  the  spine.'  That  which  is 
situate  before  the  spine.  The  prespinal  surface 
of  the  vertebral  column  is  the  anterior  surface. 

PRESS,  Pros,' Hum,  Prsef  Hum,  Presso'rium,  Pies- 
ter,  Pieste'rion,  (F.)  Pressoir,  Presse.  An  in- 
strument for  subjecting  matters  to  considerable 
pressure,  for  the  purpose  of  separating  their 
juices  or  oils. 

PRESS  OF  HEROPHILUS,  Torcular  He- 
rophili. 

PRESSE-JRTERE.  An  instrument  in- 
vented by  Deschamps  for  the  immediate  com- 
pression of  arteries.  It  is  composed  of  a  plate, 
6  or  7  lines  long,  and  3  broad,  and  of  a  rod  or 
stem,  2  inches  long,  placed  perpendicularly 
above  the  plate  and  riveted.  At  each  extremity 
of  the  plate  is  a  hole,  through  which  each  of 
the  ends  of  the  ligature,  to  be  placed  upon  the 
artery,  is  passed.  The  ligature  is  then  to  be 
tightened  by  drawing  the  ends,  and  fixing  them 
to  the  perpendicular  rod.  This  presse-artcre  or 
serre-artere,  surrounded  with  charpie,  remains 
in  the  wound,  until  there  is  no  longer  danger 
of  hemorrhage.  The  ligature  is  then  cut,  and 
the  instrument  withdrawn.  It  is  an  unneces- 
sary instrument. 

PRESSE-URETHRE,Jugum  Penis.  A  kind 
of  forceps  of  elastic  iron,  the  branches  of  which, 
padded,  may  be  approximated  or  separated  bv 
means  of  a  screw.  The  penis  is  introduced 
between  the  branches,  one  of  them  being  ap- 
plied to  the  urethra,  and  the  screw  is  tightened 
so  as  to  exercise  a  degree  of  pressure,  sufficient 
to  bring  the  parietes  of  the  canal  in  contact. 
This  instrument  is  sometimes  used  in  inconti- 
nence of  urine,  to  prevent  the  constant  dis- 
charge of  that  fluid. 

PRESSIO,  Pressure. 

PRESSIOJV  ABDOMINALE,  Pressure,  ab- 
dominal. 

PRESSOIR,  Press— p.  d'Hdrophile,  Torcular 
Herophili. 

PRESSOR1UM,  Press. 

PRESSURE,  Pressio,  from  prcmo,  pressvm, 
'  1  press.'     The  action  of  pressing. 

Pressure,  Abdominal,  (F.)  Pression  abdomi- 
nals. A  mode  of  examination,  by  means  of 
which  the  sensibility,  size,  suppleness,  or  hard- 
ness of  any  morbid  abdominal  viscus  may  be 
compared,  in  these  respects,  with  its  healthy 
condition.  Bichat  proposed,  with  the  view  of 
exploring  the  state  of  the  thoracic  organs,  to 
exert  a  pressure  from  below  upwards  on  the 
abdominal  organs,  so  as  to  crowd  them  upon 
the  diaphragm,  and  thus  to  diminish  the  di- 


PRETIBIAL 


CIS  PRIOR  VEL  ABDUCTOR,  &c. 


mensions  of  the  cavity  of  the  chest,  noticing  to 
what  extent  respiration  was  affected  by  this 
action.  No  great  information  can,  of  course, 
be  derived  from  it. 

PRETIB'IAL,  Pratibia'lis,  from  prw,  'be- 
fore," and  tibia,  '  the  tibia.'  That  which  is 
situate  before  the  tibia;  as  the  ilio-preltbial  and 
ischio-pretibial  muscles. 

PREVENTIVE,  ROYAL;  from  prsevenire, 
(prse,  and  venire,)  'to  come  before.'  An  empi- 
rical preparation  used  as  a  prophylactic  against 
the  venereal  virus.  It  is  a  solution  of  acetate 
of  lead,— the  Liquor  Plurnbi  Subacetatis  dilu- 
tus,  (q.  v.) 

PRIAPEIA,  Nicotiana  rustica. 

PRIAPIS'COS.  Same  etymon  as  the  next. 
Name  of  a  piece  of  wood,  which  forms  part  of 
the  scamnum  Hippocraticum.  Paulus  of  jEgina 
calls  thus  a  tent  of  linen  shaped  like  the  penis. 

PRIAPIS'MUS,  TenWgo,  T.  Penis,  Priapism, 
Horn-colic  (vulg.),  Enta'sia  Priapis'mus,  Rhopa- 
lis'mus,  Satyriasis,  (q.  v.)  from  Xle,iarrog,  Pria- 
pus,  'the  male  organ.'  Constant  and  distress- 
ing erection,  without  any  voluptuous  idea  or 
desire  for  venery.  It  is  often  symptomatic; 
and  sometimes  the  immediate  result  of  morbific 
causes, — of  the  action  of  cautharides,  for  ex- 
ample. The  application  of  cold  liquids  to  the 
penis,  and  the  internal  use  of  opium  and  cam- 
phor are  the  means  usually  had  recourse  to  for 
its  removal. 

PRIAPITIS,  Phallitis. 

PRIAPUS,  Penis — p.  Cervi,  see  Cervus—  p. 
Ceti,  Leviathan  penis. 

PRICKING,  Sax.  ppiccian,  (D.)  pricken, 
(F.)  Picotement.  A  variety  of  pain,  compared 
to  that  which  pointed  bodies  would  occasion. 

PRIDE  OF  CHINA,  Melia  azedarach— p.  of 
India,  Melia  azedarach — p.  Tree,  Melia  azeda- 
rach. 

P  R I M  M  V  I M.  The  first  passages.  The 
stomach  and  intestinal  canal: — the  lacteals  be- 
ing the  secun'dx  vi'x  or  second  passages. 

Prim^e  Vije,  Ways,  digestive. 

PRIME-VkRE,  Primula  veris. 

PRIMIP'ARA,  Frimiparlu'riens,  from  primus, 
1  first,'  and  parere,  'to  bring  forth.'  A  name 
given  to  a  female  who  brings  forth  for  the  first 
time. 

PRIMIPARTURIENS,  Primipara. 

P R 1 MI-ST EltNAL,  Primi- sterna 'lis,  from 
primus,  '  the  first,'  and  sternum,  '  the  sternum. 
M.  Beclard  has  called  os  prvm.i-ste.rnal,  or  clavi- 
Sternal,  the  first  bony  portion  of  the  sternum. 

P  RIMIT"LE.  The  first  waters,  or  (he  waters 
discharged  before  the  extrusion  of  the  fcetus. 

PRIMROSE,  EVENING,  CEnothera  bien- 
nis— p.   free,  CEnothera  biennis. 

PIUM'ULA  VE1US,  from  prim'ulus,  '  the  be- 
ginning;' so  called,  because  it  flowers  in  the  be- 
ginning of  the  spring;  Verbas'culum,  Paral'ysis; 
the  Cowslip,  Paigil,  or  Peagle,  (F.)  Primevire. 
Family,  Primulaceae.  Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria  Mo- 
nogynia.  The  flowers  have  been  considered  to 
be  mildly  tonic,  antispasmodic,  and  anodyne. 

Primula  Vulga'ris.  The  leaves  and  roots 
of  this  plant  have  been  used  as  sternutatories. 

PRINUEPS,  Rectum. 

PRINCIPE  CRYSTALLIZABLE  DE  M- 
ROSjYE,  Narcotine. 

PRLYCIPES  IMM&DIATS,  Principles  im- 
mediate. 

PRINCIP1UM,  Arche,  Element— p.  Acidi- 


ficans,  Oxygen — p.  Adstringens,  Tannin — p. 
Byr3odepsicum,  Tannin  — p.  flydrogeneticum, 
Hydrogen—  p.  Ilydrolicum,  Hydrogen  —  p.  Oxy- 
genana,  Oxygen — p.  Scytodephicum,  Tannin. 

PRINCIPLE,  COL'OURING,  OF  THE 
BLOOD.  A  name,  given  to  the  immediate 
principle  in  animals,  to  which  the  blood  owes 
its  red  colour.  It  is  solid,  inodorous,  and  in- 
sipid. When  recently  separated  from  blood,  it 
lias  a  purple-red  colour.  When  distilled,  it 
furnishes,  amongst  other  products,  a  purple  oil. 
It  is  insoluble  in  water;  but,  if  diluted  with  that 
liquid,  acquires  a  vinous  red  hue.  It  commu- 
nicates a  red  colour  to  the  albumen  of  the 
blood,  and  affords,  on  analysis,  iron,  to  which 
the  colour  is  perhaps  owing. — SeeHjemaphaein, 
and  Hrematin. 

PRINCIPLES,  IMMEDIATE,  (F.)  Prin- 
cipes  immediats,  Matiriaux  immediats.  A  name 
given  to  a  considerable  number  of  substances, 
composed  of  at  least  three  elements,  and  which 
are  obtained  from  animals  and  vegetables,  with- 
out alteration,  by  simple  processes,  and,  in  some 
measure,  immediately. 

Principles,  Immediate,  of  Animals,  Proxi- 
mate principles,  Organic  Elements,  Compounds 
of  Organization.  These  are  divided  into  acid 
principles,  fatty  principles,  and  principles 
which  are  neither  fat  nor  acid.  The  first,  in- 
clude the  uric,  rosacic,  purpuric,  allantoic,  caseic, 
butyric,  &c.  The  fatty  principles  are: — stearin, 
elain,  cholesterin,  &c  ;  and  the  last  division 
includes  the  most  important  compounds  of  or- 
ganization:—fibrin,  gelatin,  albumen,  urea,  pi- 
cromel,  osmazome,  &.c. 

Principles,  Proximate,  P.  immediate. 

PRINOS,  P.  verticilla'tus,  Alcan'na  major 
latifo'lia  denta'ta,  Aquifo'lium  foliis  decid'uis, 
Prinos  Grono'vii,  Prinos  padifolius,  Black  Alder, 
Virginia  Winter  Berry,  Wliorhd  winter  berry, 
Fever  busli,  (F.)  Apalachine  a  feuilles de  Prunier. 
Nat.  Ord.  Rhamni.  Sex.  Syst.  Hexandria  Mo- 
nogynia.  The  bark  of  this  common  shrub  of 
the  United  States  is  astringent,  bitter  and  pun- 
gent. The  berries  are,  likewise,  bitter.  The 
bark  has  been  used  as  a  substitute  for  the  cin- 
chona, in  intermittents,  and  as  a  tonic. 

PRION,  Saw. 

PRIONO'DES,  from  tt^iuv,  'a  saw,'  and 
tifoc,  'shape.'  iStrra'led.  Applied  to  the  su- 
tures of  the  head. 

PRINOS  GRONOVII,  Prinos-p.  Padifolius, 
Prinos. 

PRIOR  ANNULA'RIS,  Interos'seus  qmrtvs 
ofWinslow.  An  internal  interosseous  muscle, 
which  arises  from  the  outside  of  the  metacarpal 
bone  of  the  ring  finger,  and  is  inserted  into  the 
outside  of  the  tendon  on  the  back  of  the  ring  fin- 
ger.    Its  use  is  to  draw  the  ring  finger  outwards. 

PRIOR  IN'DICIS,  Exten' sorter' Hi  intrrnddii 
in' die  is,-  Sous-metacarpo-latc'ri-p/ialangien.  It 
arises  from  the  outer  or  radial  side  of  the  meta- 
carpal bone  of  the  fore  finger,  and  is  inserted 
into  the  outside  of  the  tendon  on  the  back  of 
the  fore  finger.  Action: — to  draw  the  finger 
outwards,  towards  the  thumb. 

PRIOR  VEL  ABDUCTOR  INDIC1S  PE- 
DIS. An  external,  interosseous  muscle  of  the 
foot,  which  arises  from  the  contiguous  sides  of 
the  metatarsal  bones  of  the  great  and  fore  toes, 
and  is  inserted  into  the  inside  of  the  root  of  the 
first  bone  of  the  fore  toe.  Action: — to  pull  the 
fore  toe  inwards. 


PRIOR  MEDII 


619 


PRODROMUS 


PRIOR  MEDII,  Prior  medii  digiti. 

PRIOR  MEDII  DIG"ITI,  Prior  Medii, Second 
interos'seus  of  Douglas.  An  external,  inter- 
osseous muscle  of  the  hand,  which  arises  from 
the  corresponding  sides  of  the  metacarpal  bones 
of  llie  fore  and  middle  fingers,  and  is  inserted 
into  the  outside  of  the  tendon  on  the  back  of 
the  middle  finger.  Action: — to  draw  the  mid- 
dle finger  outwards. 

PRIOR  VEL  ABDUCTOR  MEDII  DIGITI 
PEDIS.  An  internal,  interosseous  muscle  of 
the  foot,  which  arises  from  the  inside  of  the 
metatarsal  bone  of  the  middle  toe,  and  is  in- 
serted into  the  inside  of  the  root  of  the  first  bone 
of  the  middle  toe.  Use : — to  pull  the  middle  toe 
inwards,  or  towards  the  inner  side  of  the  foot. 

PRIOR  VEL  ADDUCTOR  MIN'IMI  DIGI- 
TI. An  internal,  interosseous  muscle  of  the 
foot,  which  originates  from  the  inside  of  the 
metatarsal  bone  of  the  little  toe;  and  is  in- 
serted into  the  inside  of  the  root  of  the  first  bone 
of  the  little  toe.  Action: — to  pull  the  little  toe 
inwards. 

PRIOR  VEL  ADDUCTOR  'PERTH  DIGIT! 
PEDIS.  An  internal  interosseous  muscle  of  the 
foot,  which  arises  from  the  inner  and  under 
part  of  the  metatarsal  bone  of  the  third  of  the 
small  toes,  and  is  inserted  into  the  inside  of  the 
root  of  the  first  bone  of  the  third  of  the  small 
toes.  Action: — to  pull  the  third  of  the  small 
toes  inwards. 

PRISIS,  Stridor  dentium. 

PRISMA,  Scobs. 

PRISMOS,  Stridor  dentium: 

PRIVATE  PARTS,  Genital  organs. 

PRIVET,  Ligustrum  vulgare. 

PRIVITIES,  Genital  organs. 

PRIVY,  Ligustrum  vulgare — p.  Members, 
Genital  organs — p.  Parts,  Genital  organs. 

PRO,  noo,  '  before.'  A  common  prefix  to 
words;  as  in  Procutarclic,  Prostate,  &c. 

PROAGOREUSIS,  Prognosis. 

PROBANG,  Detruso'rium  ez  bule'na.  A  long, 
slender  rod  of  whalebone,  with  a  piece  of  sponge 
at  its  extremity,  intended  to  push  down  extra- 
neous bodies,  arrested  in  the  oesophagus,  into 
the  stomach.  A  similar  instrument  is  called  by 
J.  L.  Petit,  Repoussoir  d 'aretes. 

PROCARDIUM,  Scrobiculus  cordis. 

PROCtiD/i,  Process. 

PROCEDURE,  Procidc. 

PROCERUS  NASI,  Pyramidalis  nasi. 

P ROCKS  CILIA  I  RES,  Ciliary  processes. 

PROCESS,  Apophysis. 

Proc"ess,  (F.)  Procede,  Ratio,-  from  procedcre, 
to  march  forwards.  Procedure, — method  of  per- 
forming any  operation,  chemical,  pharmaceu- 
tical, or  surgical. 

Piiocess,  Cuneiform,  Basilary  process— p. 
Modelling,  see  Modelling  Process — p.  Vertical 
superior  longitudinal,  Falx  cerebri. 

1'ROCES'SUS.  A  process,-  same  etymon; 
Projectu'ra.  An  apophysis  or  jeminence  of  a 
bone,  (see  Apophysis.)  Also,  any  part  which 
seems  prolonged  beyond  other  organs  with  which 
it  is  in  connexion;  as  the  Ciliary  processes. 

Processus  Anconeus,  Olecranon — p.  Annu- 
laris, Pons  varolii — p.  Caudatus,  Lobulus  cau- 
datus— p.  Cerebri  lateralis,  Cornu  ammonis — p. 
Ciliar^s,  Ciliary  processes — p.  Cochleariformis, 
see  Tympanum — p.  Cuneiformis  ossis  occipitis, 
Basilary  process — p.  Enteroidei  cerebri,  Con- 
volutions (cerebral)— p.  Falciformis   cerebelli, 


Falx  cerebelli— p.  Falciformis  dune  matris, 
Falx  cerebri — p.  Laterales  uteri,  Tubae  Fallo- 
pianac— p.  Mamillares,  Fapillre  of  the  kidney, 
Olfactory  nerves — p.  Orbicularis  cerebri,  Infun- 
dibulum  of  the  brain — p.  Papillares,  Olfactory 
nerves — p.  Rachidianus,  Medulla  spinalis — p. 
ad  Testes,  see  Valvula  Vieussenii — p.  Trans- 
versus  dura?  matris,  Tentorium — p.  Uvifer, 
Uvula — p.  Ventriculi,  Duodenum. 

PROCHEILA,  Antelabia. 

PROCHEILIDION,  Procheilon. 

PROCHEI'LON,  Procheilid'ion,  Prola'bium. 
The  extreme  projecting-  part  of  the  lips. 

PROCHEUMA,  Parenchyma. 

PROCIDENCE  DE  L'CEIL,  Exophthalmia. 

PROCIDENTIA,  Prolapsus— p.  Ani,  Proc- 
tocele—  p.  Intestini  recti,  Proctocele — p.  Iridis, 
Staphyloma  of  the  Iris — p.  Sedis,  Proctocele' — 
p.  Uteri,  Prolapsus  uteri. 

PROCNEME,  Tibia. 

PROCON'DYLOS,  n^oy.orSvXoc,  from  tiqo, 
'  before,'  and  x.orS<jf.og,  a  '  knot.'  The  first  joint 
of  the  fingers  ;  the  second  being  called  xo>  SvZoc; 
and  the  third  f<t.iTax.orSvAoc. 

PROCTAL'GIA,  Proc'lica  simplex,  Proc'ta- 
gra,  from  nowy.Tog,  'the  anus,'  and  alyog,  'pain.' 
Pain  in  the  anus.  Generally  symptomatic  of 
disease,  as  of  hemorrhoids,  scirrhus,  &c. 

Proctalgia,  Clunesia — p.  Hsemorrhoidalis, 
Haamorrhois. 

PROOF ATRE'SIA,  from  nQioy.rog,  'the  anus,' 
and  urorfiiu,  'imperforation.'  Imperforate  state 
of  the  anus 

PROC'TICA.  Pain  or  derangement,  about  the 
anus,  without  primary  inflammation.  A  genus 
in  the  class  Cidiaca,  order  Entcrica,  of  Good. 

Proctica  Exania,  Proctocele — p.  Marisca, 
Hcemorrhois — p.  Simplex,  Proctalgia — p.  Tenes- 
mus, Tenesmus. 

PROCTFTIS,  Archi'tis,  Chine' sia,  Cysso'tis, 
from  nqwxrog, '  the  anus.'  Inflammation  of  the 
anus  and  rectum.  _ 

PROCTOCE'LE,  from  noioxrog,  '  the  anus,' 
and  y.i]Xyj,  'hernia.'  Prolap'sus  Ani,  Proctopto'sis, 
Procto'sis,  Hedroce'le,  Archeopto'ma,  Arckopto'sis, 
Exa'nia,  H&mor'rhois  proce'dens,  Haemor'rhois- 
ab  exania,  Procidentia  Ani,  P.  intesti'ni  recti, 
P.  sedis,  Ecto'pia  Ani,  Sedes  procid'ua,  Falling 
down  of  the  Fundament,  Coming  down  of  the 
Body,  (F.)  Chute  du  rectum,  C.  du  fondemenl , 
Renversemcnt  du  rectum.  Inversion  and  pro- 
lapse of  the  mucous  coat  of  the  rectum,  from 
relaxation  of  the  sphincter,  with  more  or  less 
swelling.  Jn  the  treatment,  the  application  of 
cold  water  and  astringent  lotions  must  be  re- 
commended; and,  if  other  means  fail,  one  of 
the  radii  of  skin,  which  converge  at  the  anus, 
may  be  snipped  off.  On  cicatrizing,  the  verge 
of  the  anus  will  be  contracted,  and  the  cure  pro- 
bably complete.  In  the  way  of  palliation,  the  parts 
may  be  retained  by  an  appropriate  bandage. 

PROCTOCYSTOTOMIA,  see  Lithotomy. 

PROCTOPTOSIS,  Proctocele. 

PROCTORRHAGIA,  Hemorrhoidal  flux. 

PROCTORRHCE'A,  from  tzowxtos,  'the 
anus,'  and  quo,  'I  flow.'  A  discharge  of  blood 
or  slime  from  the  anus.     See  Hoemorrhois. 

PROOTOS,  Anus. 

PROCTOSIS,  Proctocele. 

PROCTOSPASMUS,  Tenesmus. 

PROCTOSTENOSIS    ORGANICA,   Stric- 
ture of  the  rectum. 
PROD'ROMUS,  from  7150,    'before,'    and 


PRODUCT 


G20 


PROLAPSUS  VAGINA 


(Jgo/ttos,  'course.'  The  period  immediately  pre- 
ceding an  attack  of  disease;  in  which  the  pre- 
cursory signs  occur. 

PROD'UCT,  from  produ'eo,  <I  produce,'  (F.) 
Prvduit.  The  result  sought  to  be  attained  by 
any  pharmaceutical  operation. 

PRODUCTIO,  Prolapsus— p.  Uvulae  a  pituita, 
Staphylcedema. 

PRODUCTION,  Produc'tio;  same  etymon. 
This  word  is  used,  especially  by  the  French, 
synonymously  with  prolongation.  The  mesen- 
tery is,  in  this  sense,  a  production  of  the  peri- 
toneum. 

PRODUCTION  J1CCIDENTELLE.  An 
accidental  or  adventitious  structure. 

PRODUIT,  Product. 

PROELIUM,  Press,  Tourniquet. 

PROEM'INENT,  Proem' inens,  from  pro, 
'forwards,'  and  eminere,  'to  project.'  Some 
anatomists  call  the  7th  cervical  vertebra  the 
procminent  vertebra,  on  account  of  the  length 
of  its  spinous  process,  which  passes  the  level  of 
those  of  the  neighbouring  vertebra. 

PRCEO'TIA,  Proi'otes,  nqunorr]?,  or  nooioiris, 
from  TiQtai,  'early.'  'Precocity,'  Prsecox  matu'- 
ritas,  Preco'cious  matu'ritij.  Premature  de- 
velopment of  sexual  organization  or  power. — 
Good. 

PROFLUVII  CORTEX,  Nerium  antidysen- 
tericum. 

PROFLU'VIUM,  Discharge  (q.  v.)  Fluzus, 
Polyrrhm'a,  Flux  (q.  v.)  from  profluo,  '  1  run 
down.'  A  term,  under  which  some  nosologists 
have  comprised  all  morbid  discharges  or  fluxes: 
— others,  increased  excretions  attended  by  fever. 

Profluvium.  Alvi,  Diarrhoea — p.  Genitale 
muliebre,  Menses — p.  Mucosum  urethra?,  Go- 
norrhoea— p.  Muliebre,  Leucorrhcea,  Menses — 
p.  Sanguinis,  Haemorrhagia — p.  Seminis,  Pollu- 
tion— p.  Ventris,  Diarrhoea. 

PROFUN'DUS,  {pro,  and  fundus,  'base,') 
Altus,  'having  a  deep  base.'  A  name  given  to 
different  parts,  which  are  seated  profoundly  as 
regards  others. 

Profunda  Artf.ru  Fem'oius,  A.  vasta  poste'- 
rior  seu  muscula'ris  fem'oris,  Arlhre-grande  mus- 
culaire  de  la  cuissc,  (Ch.)  This  large  branch 
arises  commonly  from  the  posterior  part  of  the 
crural,  between  the  pubis  and  lesser  trochanter. 
It  descends  deeply,  situate  before  the  adductors ; 
passes  through  the  third  adductor  above  the 
opening  in  it  for  the  trunk  of  the  femoral;  and 
terminates  in  the  short  portion  of  the  biceps. 
The  muscularis  profunda  gives  off,  1.  The  ex- 
ternal circumflex:  2.  The  internal  circumflex: 
and,  3.  The  three  perf or  antes. 

Profunda  Arteria  Hu'meri,  P.  superior, 
Arte'ria  spira'lis,  (F.)  Jlrtere  hurncrale  profonde, 
Ji.  collatdrale  externe,  Grand,  musculaire  du  bras, 
(Ch.)  Its  origin  i3  variable.  When  it  arises 
from  the  brachial  artery,  it  is  given  off  oppo- 
site the  groove  of  the  humerus  destined  for  the 
radial  nerve,  and  descends  backwards  between 
the  three  portions  of  the  triceps,  accompanied 
by  the  nerve;  giving  branches  to  that  muscle 
and  to  the  humerus.  When  it  reaches  the  pos- 
terior part  of  the  bone,  it  divides  into  two 
branches,  which  are  distributed  to  the  triceps, 
supinator  longus,  &c. 

Profunda  Arteria  Inferior  vel  Minor  is 
often  a  branch  of  the  last;  but,  commonly,  is 
given  off  from  the  brachial,  near  the  middle  of 
th»arm.    It  gives  off'  branches  to  the  muscles, 


&c.  about  Ihe  inner  side  of  the  os  humeri.  It 
is  also,  called  large  communicating  ulnar  or  pro- 
fundo-ulnar. 

Profunda  Arteria  Penis.  Chaussier  hag 
given  this  name  to  the  cav'ernous  ar'tery,  which 
arises  from  the  artery  of  the  penis,  furnished 
by  the  internal  pudic. 

Profunda  Arteria  Superior,  Profunda 
humeri. 

Certain  muscles  are  distinguished  by  the 
names  profound  or  deep-seated,  and  superficial. 
Thus,  we  speak  of  the  superficial  and  deep-seated 
muscles  of  the  neck,  &c;  the  Flexor  profundus 
perforans,  &c. 

PROFUSIO  SANGUINIS,  Haemorrhagia— 
p.  Subcutanea,  Purpura  simplex. 

PROGLOS'SIS,  from  ttoo,  'before,'  and 
yXwaaa,  'the  tongue.'  The  extremity  or  tip  of 
the  tongue. 

PROGNO'SIS,  Proagoreu'sis,  Prorrhe'sis, 
Prascogni"tio,  Prsedic'tio,  (F.)  Prognostic.  Pro- 
nostic,  from  7150,  'before,'  and  yivooxw,  'I  know.' 
The  judgment  formed  by  the  physician  regard- 
ing the  future  progress  and  termination  of  any 
disease. 

Prognosis,  General.  The  opinion  formed 
of  a  disease  in  the  abstract.  Thus,  we  say,  the 
General  prognosis  of  Cynanche  tonsillaris  is  fa- 
vourable;— of  Phthisis  pulmonalis,  unfavoura- 
ble, &c. 

Prognosis,  Particular.  The  opinion  formed 
of  any  particular  case  of  disease.  The  particu- 
lar prognosis  of  one  case  of  typhus,  for  example, 
may  be  favourable,  whilst  that  of  another  may 
be  unfavourable. 

Prognosis  ex  Lingua,  Glossomantia. 

PROGNOSTIC,  Prognosis. 

PROIOTES,  Preeotia. 

PROJECTURA,  Process. 

PROLABIUM,  Procheilon. 

PROLAP'SUS,  from  prolabor,  prolapsus, 
(pro,  and  labor,  lapsus,  'to  slide,')  '  I  slip  down.' 
Procidentia,  Dclap'sio,  Propto'ma,  Propto'sis, 
Produc'tio,  Propeden'tia,  Prominentia,  Ptosis, 
Casus  (F.)  Chute,-  a  protrusion,-  a  falling  down. 
A  genus  of  diseases  in  the  class  Locales  and 
order  Ectopia  of  Cullen,  distinguished  by  the 
falling  down  of  a  part  through  the  orifice  with 
which  it  is  naturally  connected. 

Prolapsus  Ani,  Proctocele — p.  Corneae,  Sta- 
phyloma of  the  cornea — p.  Iridis,  Ptosis  iridis 
—  p.  OZsophagi,  Pharyngocele  —  p.  Palpebral, 
Blepharoptosis — p.  Pharyngis,  Pharyngocele. 

Prolapsus  Uteri,  Exome'tra,  Melropto'sis, 
Falling  down  of  the  icomb,  JEdopto'sis  u'teri, 
Hysteropto'sis,  Hystcroce'lS  nuda,  Procidentia 
u'teri,  (F.)  Abaissement  de  la  matrice,  Chute  de  la 
malrice,  Dcscente  de  la  matrice,  Precipitation  de 
la  malrice.  Some  use  the  term,  'Procidentia 
Uteri '  for  a  minor  degree;  some  for  a  greater 
degree  of  the  affection  than  prolapsus; — Re- 
laxatio  uteri  expressing  the  slightest  stage  of 
all.  A  falling  down  of  the  uterus,  owing  to 
relaxation  of  the  parts  about  the  utero-vaginal 
region.  In  the  treatment,  the  horizontal  pos- 
ture must  be  insisted  upon;  the  injection  of 
astringent  substances  per  vaginain  be  advised; 
and  if  the  affection  be  not  remedied  by  these 
means,  a  pessary  must  be  employed  as  a  pallia- 
tive, or  the  operation  of  Episioraphy  (q.  v.) 
may  be  performed. 

Prolapsus  Uvulje,  Staphylcedema. 

Prolapsus  Vagi'nje,  Hysteropto'sis  Vagi'ncc, 


PROLAPSUS  VESICLE 


621 


PROSLEPSIS 


Prolapsus,  JEdoptosis  Vagina,  Cokopto'sis,  Col- 
poplo'sis,  Elytropto'sis — Protrusion  of  the  upper 
part  of  the  vagina  into  the  lower.  This,  like 
the  descent  of  the  uterus,  may  be  relaxation, 
procidentia,  prolapsus,  or  complete  inversion. 

Prolapsus  Vesic/e,  Exocyste. 

PROLECTA'TIS;  from  pro,  and  legere,  tec- 
tum, '  to  gather.'  Action  of  separating  the  finer 
paifs  of  a  body  from  the  grosser. 

PROLEPT1CS,  Prolep'ticS,  from  ttqo,  'be- 
fore,' and  l.a+tfiavaj,  'I  seize  hold  of.'  A  term 
proposed  recently  by  Dr.  Laycock  to  signify 
the  art  and  science  of  predicting  in  medicine. 

FROLEPTICUS,  Anticipating. 

PROL'ICIDE,  Prdicid'ium;  from  proles,  'off- 
spring-,' and  csedere,  '  to  kill.'  Destruction  of 
offspring.  A  term,  which  includes  feticide  as 
well  as  infanticide. 

PROLIFIC,  Prolif'icus;  from  proles,  'off- 
spring,' and  facia,  'I  make.'  That  which  has 
the  faculty  of  engendering:  applied  to  man, 
and  animals,  and  to  their  sperm  or  seed;  as 
well  as  to  remedies,  which,  by  strengthening 
the  genital  organs,  increase  the  secretion  of 
sperm. 

PROLIG"EROUS,  Pro'ligcr,  Prolig"erus,  from 
proles,  'offspring,'  and  gero,  'I  carry.'  That 
which  is  connected  with  carrying  the  offspring. 

Proi.igerous  Disc  or  Layer,  Discus  prolig"- 
crus,  Discus  vitelli'nus,  Stratum  prolig" erum. 
A  granular  layer,  situate  generally  towards  the 
most  prominent  part  of  the  ovarian  vesicle,  in 
the  centre  of  which  the  true  ovum  or  ovule 
exists. — Von  Baer. 

PROLOJYUEMEJVT  RACHlDfEJV,  Medul- 
la spinalis — p.  Sous-occipital,  Basilary  process. 

PROMALACTE'RIUM,  from  ttqo,  'before,' 
and  uakaaoui,  'I  soften.'  The  room,  in  the  an- 
cient gymnasium  in  which  the  body  was  soft- 
ened and  anointed.  One  of  the  operations  in 
bathing. 

FROMANOS,  see  Digitus. 

PROMANUS,  Pollex. 

PROMETOPIDIA,  Frontal  bandages. 

PROMETO'PIS,  Prometopid'ion,  from  ttqo, 
'before,'  and  ueramov,  'the  forehead.'  The  skin 
of  the  forehead. 

PROMINENTIA,  Prolapsus,  Protuberance. 

PROMONTORIUM  FACIEI,  Nasus. 

PROM'ONTORY,  Piomonto'rium,  pro,  and 
mons,  montis,  'a  mountain,'  seu  Tuber  seu  Tu- 
berositas Tym'punL  A  small  projection  at  the 
inner  paries  of  the  cavity  of  the  tympanum, 
which  corresponds  to  the  external  scala  of  the 
cochlea,  and  especially  to  the  outer  side  of  the 
vestibule. 

PRONATEUR  CARR&,  Pronator  radii  qua- 
dratus—  p.  Grand  ou  rond,  Pronator  radii  teres 
— p.  Petit,  Pronator  radii  quadratus. 

PRONA'TION,  Prona'tio,  from  promts,  'in- 
clined forwards.'  Anatomists  understand,  by 
pronation,  the  motion  by  which  the  inferior  ex- 
tremity of  the  radius  passes  before  the  ulna, 
and  thus  causes  the  hand  to  execute  a  kind  of 
rotation  from  without  inwards. 

PRONA'TOR.  That  which  produces  the 
motion  of  pronation.  This  name  has  been  given 
to  two  of  the  muscles  of  the  forearm. 

Pronator  Obm^uus,  P.  radii  teres— p.  Qua- 
dratus, P.  radii  quadratus. 

Pronator  Radii  Quadra'tcs,  P.  quadratus, 
Quadratus  radii,  P.  quadratus  seu  transversus 
(Winslow,)  Pronator  radii  brevis  seu  quadratus 


(Cowper,)  Cubit o  radial,  (Ch.,)  (F.)  Petit  ou 
carri  pronateur.  This  muscle  is  situate  at  the 
anterior,  inferior,  and  profound  part  of  the  fore- 
arm. It  is  flat  and  square,  and  is  attached, 
within,  to  the  inferior  quarter  of  the  anterior 
surface  of  the  ulna;  and,  without,  to  the  in- 
ferior quarter  of  the  anterior  surface  of  the 
radius.     It  produces  the  motion  of  pronation. 

Pronator  Radii  Teres,  P.  teres  sive  obli'- 
quus  (Winslow,)  Epitrochlo-radial  (Ch.,)  (F.) 
Grand  ou  rond  pronateur.  A  muscle  seated  at 
the  upper  and  anterior  part  of  the  forearm.  It 
is  long,  flat,  and  larger  above  than  below.  It 
is  attached,  above,  to  the  inner  tuberosity  of  the 
humerus  and  to  the  coronoid  process  of  the 
ulna.  From  thence  it  passes  obliquely  down- 
wards and  outwards,  and  terminates  at  the  mid- 
dle of  the  outer  surface  of  the  radius.  It  causes 
the  radius  to  turn  on  the  ulna,  to  produce  the 
motion  of  pronation.  It  can,  also,  bend  the 
forearm  on  the  arm,  and  conversely. 

Pronator  Teres,  P.  radii  teres. 

PRONERVATIO,  Aponeurosis,  Tendon. 

PROJVOSTIC,  Prognosis. 

PROPEDENTIA,  Prolapsus. 

PROPERTIES,  PHYSICAL,  OF  THE  TIS- 
SUES. These  are  flexibility,  extensibility  and 
elasticity,  racornissement  and  imbibition. 

Properties,  Vital.  Those  which  depend 
upon  organization,  as  contractility. 

PROPHYLACTIC,  Prophylac'ticus,  Diaphy- 
lac'tic,  Diasos'tic,  Synteret'icus,  from  tzqo,  and 
tpv/.aaav>,  '  I  defend.'     A  preservative. 

PROPHYLAX'IS,  Prophylace,  Prophylac'- 
tice.  Same  etymon.  P rxserva' tio.  Preserva- 
tive or  preventive  treatment. 

PROPOLIS,  from  kqo,  'before,'  and  irei.it, 
'city;'  literally,  'that  which  is  before  the  city.' 
Ceranthe'mus,  Commo'sis,  Bee-bread.  A  red, 
resinous  matter,  with  which  bees  cover  the  bot- 
tom of  the  hive.  Its  fume  has  been  esteemed 
antiasthmatic. 

PROP'OMA,  from  wgo,  'before,'  itoy.a,  'a 
drink.'  Ancient  name  of  a  medicine,  com- 
posed of  seven  parts  of  honey  and  four  of  wine. 
It  was  drunk  before  a  meal. — Paulus  of  yEgina. 

PROPOSITUM.  Intention. 

PROFOTIS'MOS.  Same  etymon.  Prsepo'- 
tio.  An  ancient  name  for  medicines  which 
were  given  to  patients  before  purging  them, 
and,  in  some  sort,  to  prepare  them. 

PROPRIUS  AURIS  EXTERNA,  Retrahens 
auris. 

PROPTOMA,  Prolapsus. 

Propto'ma  Auricula'rum,  Prasstke'sis  audi' - 
Vus  flacca,  Flap  Ear.  Lobe  of  the  ear  broad, 
loose,  and  pendent  from  birth. — Good. 

Propto'ma  Scroti,  Rachosis. 

PROPTOSIS,  Prolapsus— p.  Palpebral,  Ble- 
pharoptosis. 

PRORA,  Occiput 

PRORRHES1S,  Prognosis. 

PROS,  ire,oc.  In  composition,  this  prefix 
generally  signifies  'in  addition  to,'  'over  and 
above,'  'besides.' 

PROSARTHROSIS,  Diarthrosis. 

PROSBOLF.  Impression. 

PROSCHYSIS.  Affusion. 

PROSCOLLESIS,  Adherence,  Agglutina- 
tion. 

PROSECTEUR,  Dissector. 

PROSLEPSIS,  Prehension. 


PROSODOS 


G22 


PROVERBS,  MEDICAL 


PROSODOS,  Aditus. 

PROSOPALGIA,  Neuralgia,  facial. 

PROSOPANTRA,  Frontal  sinuses. 

PROSOPANTRI'TIS,  from  Prosonantra,  the 
frontal  sinuses,  and  if  is,  denoting  inflammation. 
Inflammation  of  the  frontal  sinuses. 

PROSOPOMANTIA,  Physiognomy. 

PROSOPON,  Face. 

PROSOPOSIS,  Physiognomy. 

PROSPHORA,  Prehension. 

PROS'PHYSIS,  'adhesion,  adherence,  con- 
nexion,' (q.  v.)  from  srgoc,  and  <pva>,  'I  grow.' 
In  a  more  limited  sense,  this  word  means  mor- 
bid adhesion  of  the  eyelids,  either  between 
themselves,  or  with  the  globe  of  the  eye.  An- 
kyloblepharon, (q.  v.) 

PROS'TASIS,  7r^o<rTaatg,  (fpo,  and  trraatg, 
'station,')  'superiority,  preponderance;'  same 
etymon  as  Prostate.  A  predominance  or  abun- 
dance of  excrementitious  humour. — Hippocr. 

PROSTATAL,  Prostatic. 

PROSTATA L'GI A,  from  ^otrrctrct,  'the 
prostate,'  and  a).yog. '  pain.'    Pain  in  the  prostate. 

PROSTATE,  srgoaraTa,  from  ttqo,  'before,' 
and  iortj/ji.1,  'I  stand.' — Pros' 'tola  gland' 'ui 'a,  Pros' - 
tatse,  P.  gland ulo'sse,  Paras'tata,  P.  gland'ulx, 
Pros'tatse  adenoi'des,  Testis  minor,  Corpus 
glandulo'sum,  C.  adcniforme,  C.  glandiforme,  C. 
glandulo' sum,  C.  adenoi'des  ,■  the  Prostate  gland, 
Assisten'  tes  glandulas,  Jlds'tites  glandulosi.  A 
glandular,  cordiform  body,  of  the  size  of  a  chest- 
nut, situate  before  the  neck  of  the  bladder,  be- 
hind the  symphysis  pubis,  and  surrounding  the 
first  portion  of  the  urethra.  Its  excretory  out- 
lets, to  the  number  of  10  or  12,  open  into  the 
part  of  the  urethra  that  traverses  it,  and  pour 
into  it  a  whitish  viscid  humour,  intended  to 
lubricate  the  interior  of  the  urethra,  and  to 
serve  as  a  vehicle  for  the  sperm  in  its  ejacu- 
lation. 

*  PROSTATES    1JYFERIEURES,    Cowper's 
glands — p.  Petites,  Cowper's  glands. 

PROSTATIC,  Prostat'icus,  Pros'tatal  That 
which  relates  to  the  prostate.  VVinslow  has 
named — Superior  Prostatic  Muscles — ligaments 
which  pass  from  the  pubis  to  the  lateral  parts  of 
the  prostate.  He,  also,  calls — Inferior  prostatic 
Muscles — the  fleshy  fibres,  which,  from  the  late- 
ral parts  of  the  urethra,  near  its  membranous 
portion,  pass  to  be  inserted  into  the  pubis. 

Prostatic  Portion  of  the  Urethra.  The 
part  of  the  canal  of  the  urethra  included  by  the 
prostata :  it  is  about  15  lines  long. 

Prostatic  Bisector.  An  instrument  em- 
ployed by  Dr.  Stevens,  of  New  York,  in  the 
bilateral  operation  of  lithotomy.  In  form  it  re- 
sembles a  large  olive,  with  a  beak  at  the  extre- 
mity, with  cutting  edges  at  the  sides  parallel 
to  its  longest  axis,  and  with  a  straight  handle. 

PROSTATICUS  SUPERIOR,  Compressor 
prostate. 

PROSTATITIS,  lnjlamma'tio  pros' tata>, from 
7TQo7T*Tst,  'the  prostate,'  and  ids,  denoting  in- 
flammation.    Inflammation  of  the  prostate. 

PROSTATON'CUS,fromT|>oerTaT«, 'the  pros- 
tate,' and  oyxog,  'a  tumour.'  Swelling  of  the 
prostate. 

PROSTHESIS,  Prothesis. 
PROSTHETA,  Subdita. 

PROSTRA'TION,  Prostrcftio  vi'rium,  (F.) 
Prostration  des  forces,  Abattement.  Great  de- 
pression of  strength.  Almost  total  loss  of  power 
over  the  muscles  of  locomotion. 


PROTEIN,  Proteine,  Protei'na:  from  jvqartvf>, 
'I  take  the  first  rank.'  A  product  of  the  decom- 
position of  albumen,  &c,  by  potassa.  When 
animal  albumen,  fibrin  or  casein  is  dissolved  in 
a  moderately  strong  solution  of  caustic  potassa, 
and  the  solution  is  exposed  for  some  time  to  a 
high  temperature,  these  substances  are  decom- 
posed. The  addition  of  acetic  acid  causes,  in 
all  three,  the  separation  of  a  gelatinous  trans- 
lucent precipitate  which  has  exactly  the  same, 
characters  and  composition.  This  is  Protein. — 
Mulder. 

Protein  is  the  basis  of  animal  and  vegetable 
fibrin,  albumen,  and  casein,  and  of  gluten, 
which  have  been,  consequently,  classed  under 
the  "proteinaceous  alimentary  principle,"  by 
Dr.  Pereira. 

PROTEINACEOUS,  Proteinous. 

PRO'TEINOUS,  Proteina'ceous,  Proteino' sus. 
Of,  or  belonging  to  protein; — as  "a  proteinous 
alimentary  principle." 

PROTH'ESIS,  Pros' thesis,  Adjunc'tio,  M- 
jec"tio,  Apposi"tio,  'addition,  application;'  from 
TQcg,  'in  addition  to,'  and  n&ijui,  'I  put.'  That 
part  of  surgery  whose  object  is  to  add  to  the 
human  body  some  artificial  part,  in  place  of  one 
that  may  be  wanting,  as  a  wooden  leg,  an  arti- 
ficial eye,  &c. 

PROTMES1S,  Umbilicus,  Kidney. 

PROTOGALA,  Colostrum. 

PROTOIATROS,  Archiater. 

PROTOMEDICUS,  Archiater. 

PROTOMUS,  Dissector. 

PROTOPATHIA,  Idiopathia. 

PROTOSPOROS.  Os  uteri. 

PROTRUSION,  Prolapsus. 

PROTU'BERANCE,  Protuberan'lia,  Extu- 
bera'tio,  Prominentia,  Excrescen'tia,  Extubt ran - 
tia,  from  pro,  'before,'  and  tuber,  'a  projection.' 
(F.)  Bosse.  A  name  given  to  rough,  unequal 
protuberances,  seen  at  the  surface  of  certain 
organs;  the  parietal  protuberances,  occipital  pro- 
tuberances, annular  protuberances,  &c. 

Protuberance,  Annular,  Pon3  Varolii — p. 
Cerebral,  Medulla  oblongata,  Pons  Varolii — /;. 
Cylindroide,  Comu  ammonis. 

PROTUBERANTIA,  Eminence— p.  Annu- 
laris Will  isii,  Pons  varolii— p.  Cylindrica,  Comu 
ammonis. 

PROULIMATE'SIS.  A  word  employed  by 
Forestus  for  hernia  of  the  stomach. 

PROUNH,  Prunus  domestica. 

PROVERBS,  MEDICAL.  A  proverbial  ex- 
pression frequently  contains  sound  sense  in  its 
directions.  In  medicine,  the  greatest  collection 
is  in  the  Regimen  of  Health  of  the  school  of  Sa- 
lernnm,  composed  ;n  the  11th  century,  by  John 
of  Milan.  Yet,  although  good  sense  is  oflen 
inculcated,  we  frequently  meet  with  the  reverse. 

Most  of  the  proverbs  are  hygienic.  The  fol- 
lowing are  a  few. 

1.  Qu'npres  la  soupe  un  coupe  d' excellent  rin 
lire  un  ecu  de  la  poche  du  medecin. 

2.  Surge  quinia,  premie  nond,  ccena  quintet,  dormi 

nana,  nee  est  morli  vita  prona. 

3.  Nunqunm  recti  corpus  excrceri  sine  animo, 

ncque  aniinum  sine  corpore  posse. 

4.  Mamie  bien  machce  est  a  derni  digcrec. 

5.  Optimum  condiincntum  fames. 
Appetite  is  the  best  sauce. 

G.  Plures  occidil  gula  quam  gladius. 


PROVINS,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF     C93 


PRUSSIAN  BLUE 


7.  Early  to  bed  and  early  to  rise, 

Makes  a  man  healthy,  wealthy,  and  wise. 

8.  One  man's  meat's  another  man's  poison. 

9.  An  ounce  of  prevention  is   better  than  a 

pound  of  cure. 

PROVINS,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Chalybeate  springs  in  the  department  of  Seine 
et  Marne,  France,  which  contain  carbonic  acid 
and  iron. 

PROVOCATOR1US,  Intercalary. 

PRUN  A,  Anthrax. 

PRUNE,  Prunum. 

PR  UNELLE,  Pupil. 

PRUNI  PULP  A,  Pulp  of  Prunes.  Take  of 
prunes  a  sufficient  quantity,  soften  them  in  the 
vapour  of  boiling  water,  and  having  separated 
the  stones,  beat  the  remainder  in  a  marble 
mortar,  and  press  it  through  a  hair-sieve. — 
Ph.  U.  S. 

PRUNELLA,  Cynanche,  Pupil. 

Prunel'la,  P.  vu/ga'ris,  Consol'hla  minor, 
Sym'pkytum  minus,  Self-heal,  Heal-all,  Bugle, 
Prunel'la,  (F.)  Brunclle.  Family,  Labiatac.  Sex. 
Syst.  Didynamia  Gymnospermia.  This  plant 
has  been  recommended  as  an  astringent,  in 
hemorrhages  and  fluxes;  and,  also,  in  gargles 
against  aphtha?,  and  in  inflammation  of  the 
fauces. 

PRVNELL1ER,  Prunus  spinosa. 

PRUNELLOE,  Prunum  Brignolense. 

PRUNES,  see  Prunum — p.  Pulp  of,  Pruni 
Pulpa. 

PRUNIER.  Prunus  domestica — p.  Sauvage, 
Prunus  spinosa. 

PRUNUM.  A  Plum,  a  Prune.  Three  sorts 
of  Plums  have  been  usually  ranked  amongst 
the  articles  of  the  materia  medica.  I.  The 
Prunum  Brignolen'sB,-  the  Brignole  plum  or 
Brunei' Joe;  from  Brignole  in  Provence.  It  is 
of  a  reddish-yellow  colour;  and  has  a  very 
grateful,  sweet, subacid  taste.  2.  The  Prunum 
Gal'licum,  Prunum,  (Ph.  U.  S.,)  the  French 
Prune,-  and  3.  The  Prunum  Damasce'num  or 
Damson,  Brab'ylon.  All  these  possess  the  same 
general  qualities  as  the  other  summer  fruits. 
They  are  emollient  and  laxative. 

Prunum  Stellatum,  Averrhoa  carambola. 

PRUNUS  ARMEN1ACA.  The  Apricot, 
Apricock,  Bericocce,  $i<n-/.'jy.y.r],  Prsecocia,  (F.) 
Abricot.  Family,  Rosacea?.  Sex.  Syst.  Icosan- 
dria  Monogynia.  The  apricot,  when  ripe,  is 
easily  digested,  and  considered  as  a  great  deli- 
cacy. t 

Prunus  Avium, — The  Black  Cherry  Tree, 
Cer'asus  Avium.  (F.)  Merisier.  The  fruit  is 
eaten;  and  a  gum  exudes  from  the  tree;  the 
properties  of  which  are  similar  to  those  of  gum 
Arabic. 

Prunus  Cer'asus.  The  Red  Cherry  Tree,- 
(F.)  Cerisier.  The  fruit  Cerasum,  Cera'sion, 
has  a  pleasant,  acidulous  sweet  flavour.  It  is 
wholesome. 

Prunus  Domes'tica.  The  Plum  or  Damson 
tree,  Coccyme'lea,  Proune,  (F.)  Prunicr  ordinaire. 
The  damson,  when  perfectly  ripe,  affords  a 
wholesome  fruit  for  pies,  tarts,  &c.  It  is  geDtly 
laxative.     See  Prunum. 

Prunus  Jnyi'tia.  The  But  luce  Plum  Tree. 
The  fruit  of  this  tree  is  used  like  the  damson. 

Prunus    La  mo  -Cer'asus,    Poison   Laurel, 

y  Laurel,  Common  Laurel,  Lauro  cer'asus, 

Cer'asus  Lauro-cer'usus,  (F.)  Laurier-ccrit^e,  L. 


amandier.  The  leaves  have  a  bitter,  styptic 
taste,  with  the  flavour  of  bitter  almonds.  The 
flowers  have  a  similar  flavour.  The  powdered 
leaves,  applied  to  the  nostrils,  excite  sneezing. 
The  flavour  of  the  leaves  has  given  occasion  to 
their  being  employed  in  tails,  custards,  &c; 
but  in  large  quantities  they  are  poisonous.  The 
poisonous  principle  is  the  Prussic  acid.  The 
distilled  water,  called  Laurel -water,  is  poison- 
ous.    (See  Poisons,  Table  of.) 

Prunus  Padus,  Padus,  Cer'asus  Padus,  Cer'- 
asus racemo'sus  srjlres'tris,  Wild  cluster,  or  Bird 
Cherry  Tree,  (F.)  Cerisier  a  grappes,  BoispuanU 
The  bark  of  the  tree  has  a  fragrant  smell,  and 
a  bitter,  subastringent  taste,  somewhat  similar 
to  that  of  bitter  almonds.  It  has  been  recom- 
mended in  intermittents,  &c.  in  the  form  of 
decoction.  The  berries  have  been  used  in  dy- 
sentery. 

Prunus  Sebestina,  Sebestina — p.  Sylvestris, 
P.  Spinosa. 

Prunus  Sfino'sa.  The  Sloe  Tree,  P.  sylves- 
tris, Jlgriococcime'lea,  jjgru'na,  Agrune'la  (F.) 
Prunel/ier,  Prunier  sauvage.  The  fruit — the 
sloe — is  sometimes  employed  in  gargles,  and 
was  formerly  much  used  in  hemorrhage,  owing 
to  its  astringent  properties.  The  Acu'cia  nos- 
tras, A.  German'ica,  Succus  acacise  nostratis,  S. 
Germani'cx  inspissa'tus,\s  obtained  from  this. 

Prunus  Virgin ia'na,  Cer'asus  serotc'na,  C. 
Virginia' na,  Wild  Cherry  Tree,  (F.)  Cerisier  de 
Virginie.  The  bark  of  this  tree  has  been  found 
useful  in  intermittents.  The  leaves  are  poison- 
ous to  certain  animals,  and  the  berries  intoxi- 
cate different  kinds  of  birds.  The  Indians  use 
the  bark  in  the  cure  of  syphilis.  It  is  bitter 
and  astringent,  and  possesses  some  aromatic 
warmth,  and,  likewise,  a  narcotic  quality.  It 
is  stimulant  and  tonic.  The  leaves  contain 
Prussic  acid.  The  distilled  oil  of  the  bark  is 
very  nearly  identical  with  that  of  the  bitter 
almond.  A  strong  decoction  of  the  bark  is 
anthelmintic. 

PRU  RI'GO,  Pruri'tus,  from  prurio,  '  I  itch.' 
This  word  is  often  used  synonymously  with 
itching,  (q.  v.)  Willan  and  Bateman  use  the 
term  for  a  genus  of  cutaneous  diseases,  the  cha- 
racteristic symptoms  of  which  are  a  severe 
itching,  accompanied  by  an  eruption  of  papula? 
of  nearly  the  same  colour  as  the  adjoining  cu- 
ticle. Cnesmos,  Scabies  papuliformis,  Exor'mia 
pruri'go.  It  affects  the  whole  surface  of  the 
skin,  under  three  varieties  of  form;— the  P. 
rnitis,  P.  for  mi' cans,  P.  seni'lis,  &c.  as  well  as 
some  parts  of  the  body,  as  the  P.  pod'icis,  P. 
pvden'di  mulic'bris. 

Prurigo  Peuicularis,  Phtheiriasis. 

PIWRIT.  Itching. 

PRURITUS,  Gargale,  Itching,  Prurigo. 

PRUSSIAN  BLUE,  Ferrum  Zobficum,  F. 
Borus'sicum,  F.  Cyunogena'  turn,  F.  oxtjduhi'tum 
hydrocyan'icvm,  Ferri  Ferrocy'anas,  Borus'sias 
Feiri,  Caeru'leum  Borus'sicum,  C.  Berolincn'sS, 
Prussios  Ferri,  Hydroci/anns  Ferri,  Cyanurd- 
tum  Ferri,  Trito-hijdra-ferrocy'anate  of  iron.  In 
the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States  (1842) 
the  pure  salt  is  directed  to  be  made  as  follows: 
Ferri  sviph.  5iv,  acid,  sulph.  f.  ^iiiss  acid,  nitric. 
f.  _^vj  or  q.  s., potassii  ferrocyanuret.  .^ivss,  annec, 
Oi'j.  Dissolve  the  sulphate  in  a  pint  of  water, 
and  having  added  the  sulphuric  acid,  boil  the 
solution.  Pour  into  it  the  nitric  acid,  in  small 
portions,  boiling  the  liquid  for  a  minute  or  two 


PSALIS 


624 


PSOLON 


after  each  addition,  until  it  no  longer  produces 
a  dark  colour;  then  allow  the  liquid  to  cool. 
Dissolve  the  ferrocyanuret  of  potassium  in  the 
remainder  of  the  water,  and  add  this  solution 
gradually  to  the  first  liquid,  agitating  the  mix- 
ture after  each  addition;  then  pour  it  upon  a 
filter.  Wash  the  precipitate  with  boiling  water 
until  the  washings  pass  tasteless.  Lastly,  dry 
and  rub  into  powder.  This  salt  is  chiefly  used 
in  the  preparation  of  the  hydrocyanic  acid  and 
the  cyanuret  of  mercury.  It  has  been  advised 
in  the  treatment  of  intermittents,  and  in  epi- 
lepsy and  scrophulosis.  Externally,  it  has  been 
applied  to  ill-conditioned  ulcers,  (^j  to  gj,  of 
Cerate.)     Dose,  four  to  six  grains. 

PSALIS,  Fornix,  Scissors. 

PSALTERIUM,  Lyra. 

PSAMMIS'MOS,  from  tpaju^og, '  sand.'  The 
application  of  sand  to  any  part  of  the  body  for 
the  cure  of  disease. — Paulus. 

PSAMMODES,  Sabulous. 

PSELLIS'MUS,  xpiXXiay.oc,,  from  xpiXXitw,  'I 
stutter.'  Imperfect  or  depraved  state  of  the 
articulation.  A  genus  in  the  class  Pneumatica; 
order,  Phonica,  of  Good. 

PSELLOTES,  Balbuties. 

PSEUDAC'OE,  PseuclacoVa,  from  xptvdtjg, 
'false,'  and  ay.orj,  'audition.'  Pseudacu'sis. 
.False  hearing. 

PSEUDACORUS,  Iris  pseudacorus. 

PSEUD^ESTHE'SIA,  from  xPtv3ng,  'false,' 
and  uia-9 avowal,  '  I  feel.'  Parap'sis  illuso'ria. 
Depraved  feeling.  Imaginary  sense  of  touch 
or  general  feeling  in  organs  that  have  no  exis- 
tence. Common  to  those  who  have  suffered 
amputation;  and  in  hypochondriacs  and  the 
insane. 

PSEUDARTHRO'SIS,  Pseudarticula'tio, 
Pseudarticfulus,-  from  xptvdqc,,  'false,'  and  o.q9qov, 
'a  joint.'     A  false  joint  or  articulation,  (q.  v.) 

PSEUDARTICULATIO,  Pseudarthrosis. 

PSEUDENCEPH'ALUS,  Puraceph'ahis, 
from  UnvSrjg, '  false,'  and  lyx-tfaXov,  ' the  ence- 
phalon.'  A  monster  whose  cranium  is  open 
in  its  whole  extent  from  before  to  behind,  its 
base  supporting  a  vascular  tumour. — G.  St.  Hi- 
Jaire. 

PSEUDO,  False — p.  Asthma,  Dyspnoea. 

PSEUDOBLEP'SIA,  from  ywh;:,  'false,' 
and  p.ixpic,  'sight.'  Pseudopsia,  Parop'sis  il- 
hiso'ria,  Suffu'sio,  Phnntas'ma,  Pseudobkpsis, 
False  sight.  A  generic  name,  used  by  Cullen 
for  perversion  of  vision.     See  Metamorphopsia. 

PSEUDO-CROUP,  Asthma  thymicum. 

PSEUDO-CYES1S,  Pregnancy,  false— p. 
Cyesis  molaris,  Mole. 

PSEUDO-LIEN,  Pseudosplen.  Glands  situ- 
ate in  the  neighbourhood  of  the  spleen;  proba- 
bly, lymphatic  glands. 

PSEUDO-MECHOAC  AN  A,  Convolvulus 
panduratus. 

PSEUDO-MED1CUS,  Charlatan—  p.  Mem- 
brane, Membrane,  false  —  p.  Meninx,  Mem- 
brane, false — p.  Metamorphosis  polyposa,  Poly- 

PUPSEUD0PHL0G0SIS  VENTRICUL1  RE- 
SOLUTIVA  ET  COLLIQUATIVA.Gastroma- 
lacia. 

PSEUDO-PriTHI'SlS.  False  phthisis. 
Emaciation  occasioned  by  other  cause  than 
organic  lesion  of  the  lun^s. 

PSEUDO-PL  EURITIS,  Pleurodynia— p.  I 


Polypi,  see  Poly  pi— p.  Pyrethrum,  Achillea  ptar- 
mica — p.  Spleen,  Pseudolien. 

PSEUDOPS1A,  Pseudoblepsia. 

PSEUDOREX'IA,  Pseudorex'is,-  from  xpivSi^c, 
'false,'  and  o'ji^ig,  'appetite.'     False  appetite. 

PSEUDO-SYPHILIS,  Syphilis  pseudo-sy- 
philis. 

PSEUDOTHANATOS,  Asphyxia. 

PSEUDO-VARIOLA,  Varicella. 

PSEUDYMEN,  Membrane,  false. 

P  S I  D'l  U  M  P  O M I  F'E  R  U  M.  The  Apple 
Guava.  This  plant  and  P.  pijrif'erum  bear 
fruits;  those  of  the  former  like  apples;  of  the 
latter  like  pears.  The  apple  kind  has  an  acid 
flavour,  the  other  is  sweet.  Of  the  inner  pulp 
of  either,  the  natives  of  the  Indies  make  jellies; 
and,  of  the  outer  rind,  tarts,  marmalades,  &.c. 
They  are  somewhat  astringent;  this  quality, 
indeed,  exists  in  every  part  of  the  tree,  and 
abundantly  in  the  leaf  buds,  which  are  occa- 
sionally boiled  with  barley  and  liquorice  as  an 
excellent  drink  in  diarrhoea.  A  simple  decoc- 
tion of  the  leaves  is  said  to  be  useful  in  the  itch 
and  most  cutaneous  eruptions. 

PS1LOS1S,  Depilation. 

PSILOTHRUM,  Bryonia  alba,  Depilatory. 

PSIMMYTHOiN,  Plurnbi  subcarbonas. 

PSOAS  MAGNUS,  P.  se  u  lumbu'ris  mler'nus, 
Pre-lombo  ■  trochantin,  Pre  ■  lombo  -  trochantinien 
(Ch.,)  Femur  moven'tium  sexius.  A  muscle, 
seated  on  the  lateral  parts  of  the  lumbar  portion 
of  the  vertebral  column;  and  passing  down  to 
the  superior  and  anterior  part  of  the  thigh.  It 
is  long;  fusiform;  and  attached,  above,  to  the 
body  and  transverse  processes  of  the  first  four 
lumbar  vertebras,  and  last  dorsal.  Below,  it 
terminates,  by  a  very  thick  tendon,  common 
to  it  and  the  iliacus  muscle, — which  is  inserted 
into  the  top  of  the  lesser  trochanter.  This 
muscle  bends  the  thigh  upon  the  pelvis,  and 
carries  it  in  rotation  outwards.  It  may,  also, 
bend  the  pelvis  on  the  thigh,  and  the  loins  on 
the  pelvis.  It  acts  considerably  in  station  and 
progression. 

PSOAS  PARVUS,  Pre- lombo -pubien,  (Ch.) 
A  muscle  situate  anterior  to  the  last.  It  is  long, 
thin,  flat,  and  narrow;  and  is  attached,  above, 
to  the  body  of  the  last  dorsal  vertebra,  and  be- 
low, to  the  linea  ileo-pectinea,  by  means  of  a 
slender  tendon,  which  furnishes  two  expan- 
sions—  one  to  the  Iliac  aponeurosis,  and  the 
other  to  the  pelvis.  This  muscle  bends  the 
vertebral  column  on  the  pelvis;  and,  recipro- 
cally, the  pelvis  on  the  vertebral  column. 

PSOJE,  xjJoui,  Lumbi,  (q.  v.)  'the  loins.' 
Jlop'eccs,  Nephroine'troe,  Neurome'tres.  The 
ps«£e  muscles. 

PSODYMUS,  Gaslrodidymus. 

PSOITE.  Psoitis. 

PSOI'TIS,  Inflammatio  mus'culi  Psoas,  hum- 
ha' go  infiii mmato'ria  spasmod'ica,  (F.)  Psoite, 
Inflammation  da  muscle  Psoas.  From  xf/om, '  the 
loins,'and  i/is,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflam- 
mation of  the  psoas  muscles  and  of  the  parts 
situate  before  the  lumbar  vertebrae:  accompa- 
nied, from  its  commencement,  by  considerable 
fever,  violent  pains  in  the  part  affected  and  in 
the  thigh  of  the  same  side,  which  remains  com- 
monly half  bent.  Psoitis  may  terminate  by 
suppuration,  and  form  lumbar  abscess,  (q.  v.) 

PSOLE,  ifv)>.>;,  'the  male  organ/  also  the 
glans, 

PSOLON,  Membrosus. 


PSOLONCUS 


625 


PTERYGION 


PSOLON'CUS,  from  yulr„  and  oYko?,  'a 
tumour.'  Swelling  of  the  glans,  or  of  the  penis 
generally. 

PSOPHOS,  ipo<pog,  'noise.'  A  loud  noise; 
a  hollow  sound. 

PSORA,  from  i}j<au,  'I  touch,  I  feel,'  Scabies, 
Phlysis  Scabies,  Itch,  Scratch,  (F.)  Gale,  Mai 
Saint-Main,  Rogne.  A  contagious  eruption  of 
very  minute  pimples— pustular,  vesicular,  pa- 
pular, intermixed,  and  alternating,  itching  in- 
tolerably and  terminating  in  scabs.  It  seems 
to  be  connected  with  an  insect,  of  the  genus 
Acarus  „■ — the  Ac'arus  or  Sarcop'tes  or  Sarcop'- 
ius  Scatiei,  Ac'arus  Ciro,  (F.)  Ciron.  The  itch 
occupies,  particularly,  the  spaces  between  the 
fingers,  the  backs  of  the  hands,  wrists,  elbows, 
axillae,  groins,  hams,  &c.,  and  rarely  affects  the 
face.  The  best  applications,  for  its  cure,  are, 
—the  Vn gucntum  Sulphuris  or  Vng.Sulph.comp. 
night  and  morning;  but  the  unpleasant  smell 
of  the  sulphur  has  given  occasion  for  the  use 
of  other  means; — as  the  White  Hellebore,  Potass 
in  dfliquescence,  Muriate  of  Ammonia,  Sulphuric 
Acid,&c.  The  repugnance  to  the  smell  of  sul- 
phur ought  not,  however,  to  be  regarded;  espe- 
cially as,  in  the  course  of  four  or  five  days,  it 
will,  in  almost  all  cases,  produce  a  perfect  cure. 

Psora  Leprosa,  Psoriasis — p.  Squamosa, 
Psoriasis. 

PSORA'LEA  GLANDULO'SA,  Ahaquill'a. 
Family,  Leguminosffi.  Sex.  Syst.  Diadelphia 
Decandria.  A  shrub,  used  in  Chili  as  a  vulne- 
rary. 

Psora'lea  Pentaphyl'la,  Contrayer'va  nova, 
Mex'ican  Contrayer'va.  The  root  is  little,  if 
at  all,  inferior  to  the  Contrayerva  in  its  medi- 
cal properties:  which,  by  the  by,  are  unim- 
portant. 

PSORENTER1A,  Cholera. 

PSORI'ASIS,  formerly,  the  state  of  being 
affected  with  ti'mou,  Lepido'sis  psori'asis,  Serpe'- 
do,  Serpi'go,  Impetigo,  (of  some)  Sca'bies  sie'ea, 
S,  feri  na,  Psora  lepro'sa,  P.  squamo'sa,  Scaly 
Teller,  Dry  Scale,  Dry  Scall,  (F.)  Dartre  squa- 
tneuse  licheno'ide,  D.  'ecailleuse,  Gratelle,  Gale 
miliaire,  G.  canine  ou  seche.  A  cutaneous  af- 
fection, consisting  of  patches  of  rough,  amor- 
phous scales;  continuous  or  of  indeterminate 
outline  :  skin  often  chappy.  Psoriasis  occurs 
under  a  considerable  variety  of  forms.  The 
surface,  under  the  scales,  is  more  tender  and 
irritable  than  in  lepra,  which  psoriasis,  in  some 
respects,  resembles.  Dr.  Willan  has  given 
names  to  eleven  varieties  of  psoriasis  :  the  chief 
of  which  are  the  Psoriasis  gutta'ta,  P.  diffu'sa 
(one  form  of  which  is  the  Bailer's  Itch,  and 
Grorc/s  Itch,  and  another  the  Washerwoman's 
Scall,)  the  P.  gyra'ta,  and  P.  invetera'/a.  The 
treatment  of  psoriasis  must  be  antiphlogistic, 
with  the  internal  use  of  the  fixed  alkalies,  sul- 
phur. &c.  The  irritable  kinds  do  better  with- 
out any  local  application.  The  more  local  and 
less  inflammatory  are  ameliorated  by  emollient 
and  soothing  applications;  or  by  slightly  stimu- 
lating means,  sea-bathing,  the  Ung.  hydrarg. 
ilitrico-oxyd.,  Ung.  oxydi  zinci,  &c. 

PSORICUS.  That  which  has  the  nature  of 
itch.     A  medicine  for  caring  the  itch. 

PSOROPHTHALMIA,  Ophthalmia  tarsi. 

PSYCHAGO'GICA.  from  ipv/t}, '  lite,'  'soul,' 
and  ayw,  '  I  lead.'  Medicines  which  resusci- 
tate, when  life  seems  extinct;  as  in  syncope 
and  apoplexy. 


PSYCHE,  Anima. 

PSY'CHICAL;  Psr/chicus,  from  tpv/rj,  'mind.' 
That  which  relates  to  the  mind  or  mental  en-* 
dowments. 

PSYCHOLOGY,  Psychol og"ia,  from  yvXv, 
'mind,'  and  Xoyzt;,  '  discourse.'  A  treatise  on 
the  intellectual  and  moral  faculties.  Also,  the 
intellectual  and  moral  faculties  or  sphere. 

PSYCHOS,  Cold. 

PSYCHOSES,  from  xpv/r;,  'mind.'  Neuroses 
of  the  intellect.     Diseases  of  the  mind. 

PSYCHOTRIA  EMETICA,  Ipecacuanha. 

PSYCHOTROPHUM,  Betonica  officinalis. 

PSYCHROLU'SIA,  Psychrolu'tron,  from  \pv- 
XQoc,  '  cold,'  and  Aouco,  '  I  wash.'     A  cold  bath. 
"  PSYCHTICA,  Refrigerants. 

PSYDRA'CIA,  quasi,  %pvy.oa  'vdoaxia,  'cold 
drops.'  The  ancients  used  this  term,  some- 
times, for  pimples,-  at  others,  for  vesicles.  Wil- 
lan and  Bateman  define  Psydracium  to  be,  a 
small  pustule,  often  irregularly  circumscribed, 
producing  but  a  slight  elevation  of  the  cuticle, 
and  terminating  in  a  laminated  scab.  Many  of 
the  psydracia  usually  appear  together,  and  be- 
come confluent;  and,  after  the  discharge  of  pus, 
they  pour  out  a  thin,  watery  humour;  which 
frequently  forms  an  irregular  incrustation. 
Frank  limits  the  term  to  a  psoriform  eruption, 
which  differs  from  itch  in  not  originating  from 
an  insect,  and  which  is  not  contagious; — per- 
haps the  lichen.  Authors  have  differed  regard- 
ing its  acceptation. 

Psydracia  Acne,  Acne. 

PSYLLIUM,  Plantago  psyllium. 

PTARMICA,  Achillea  ptarmica— p.  Monta- 
na, Arnica  montana. 

PTARMICUM,  Errhine,  Sternutatory. 

PTARMOS,  Sneezing. 

PTELEA,  Ulmus. 

PTERIGO-STAPHYLINUS  JNTERNUS, 
Levator  palati — p.  Syndesmo-staphylipharyii- 
gien.  Constrictor  pharyngis. 

PTERIS,  Polypodium  filix  mas. 

Pteris  Aquili'n  a.  '  Eagles  Wings,'  so  called 
from  its  leaves.  Pteria,Thelyp'leris,  Filix  Nym- 
phatfa,  Common  Brake  or  Female  Fern;  Filix 
fat'mina.  (F.)  Fougere  femelle,  La  grandc 
Fougere.  J\"at.  (Jrd.  Filices.  The  root  is  con- 
sidered to  be  anthelmintic;  and  as  efficacious 
as  that  of  the  male  fern  in  cases  of  tape-worm. 

PTERNA,  Calcaneum. 

PTERNOBATES,  Calcigradus. 

PTEROCARPUS  ERINACEA,  see  Kino. 

Pterocar'pus  Santali'sus,  San'talum  Ru- 
brum,  Red  Sanders  or  Saunders  Tree.  Family, 
Leguminosre.  Sex.  Syst.  Diadelphia  Decandria. 
Red  Saunders  wood,  San'talum  (Ph.  U.  S.,)  is 
used  only  as  a  colouring  matter;  giving  to  rec- 
tified spirit  a  fine  deep  red.  The  juice  of  this 
tree,  like  that  of  P.  Draco,  affords  a  species  of 
Dragon's  bloud. 

PTEROSPORA  ANDROMEDEA,  Scaly 
Dragon  claw,  Dragon  root,  Fever  root,  Albany 
beech-drop.  An  indigenous  plant,  J\'at.  Ord. 
Monotropeae,&;r.  Syst.  DecandiiaMononynia; — 
found  in  the  fState  of  New  York,  which  blos- 
soms in  July.  The  root  has  been  regarded 
as  an  anthelmintic,  diuretic,  emmenagogue, 
&c:  but  it  is  not  used. 

PTERYG'ION,  Pterygium,  from  a-reguS,  'a 
wing.'  A  small  wing.  Onyx,  Pyo's's,  Unguis, 
(F.)  Drupeau,  Onglet.  A  varicose  excrescence 
of  the  conjunctiva,  of  a  triangular  shape;  and 


PTERYGO-ANGULI-MAXILLAIRE        G2G     PTYALISMU8  ACUTUS  MELLITUS 


commonly  occurring  at  the  inner  angle  of  the 
eye;  whence  it  extends  over  the  cornea.  Some- 
times two  or  three  pterygia  occur  on  the  same 
eye,  and  cover  the  whole  cornea  with  a  thick 
veil,  which  totally  prevents  vision.  According 
to  Scarpa,  the  ancients  gave  the  name  Panni- 
culus  to  this  lastcomplication.  If  the  pterygion 
cannot  he  dispelled  by  means  of  discutient  col- 
lyria,  it  must  be  removed  by  the  scissors. 

PTERYGO-ANGULI-MAXILLAIRE,  Pte- 
rygoideus  internus — p.  Colli- maxillaire,  Ptery- 
goideus externus  — p.  Maxillaire,  grand,  Ptery- 
goideus  internus — p.  Maxillaire,  petit,  Ptery- 
goideus externus — p.  Palatine  canal,  Pterygoid 
canal — p.  Pharyngeus,  Constrictor  pharyngis — 
p.  Staphylinus,  Circumflexus. 

PTER'YGQ-PAL'ATINE,  Pterygo-pnlati'nus. 
That  which  belongs  to  the  pterygoid  process 
and  palate. 

Pterygopalatine  Artery  or  Superior  pha- 
ryngeal is  a  very  small  artery,  and  is  given  off 
by  the  internal  maxillary  at  the  bottom  of  the 
zygomatic  fossa:  after  having  passed  through 
the  pterygo-palatine  canal,  it  is  distributed  to 
the  superior  part  of  the  pharynx,  the  sphenoid 
bone,  and  the  Eustachian  tube. 

Pterygo- Palatine  Canal.  A  small  canal, 
formed  by  the  internal  ala  of  the  pterygoid  pro- 
cess, and  the  palate  bone.  It  gives  passage  to 
the  vessels  of  the  same  name. 

PTERYGODES,  Alatus. 

PTER'YGOID,  Pterygoi'des,  Pterygoideus, 
Alifor'mis,-  from  Trrtovl,  'a  wing,'  and  ciJo?, 
'form.'  A  name  given  to  two  processes  at  the 
inferior  surface  of  the  sphenoid  bone;  the  two 
laminae  which  form  them  having  been  com- 
pared to  wings.  These  a/as  or  icings  or  pro- 
cesses,—  Proces'svs  aliform'es, — have  been  dis- 
tinguished, according  to  their  position,  into  in- 
ternal and  external. 

Pterygoid  Artery,  Vidian  Artery,  Ram'ulus 
Ductus  Pterygoids,  Arte'ria  pharynge'a  supre'ma, 
arises  from  the  internal  maxillary  aitery,  at  the 
bottom  of  the  zygomatic  fossa,  and  enters  the 
pterygoid  canal  with  the  nerve  of  the  same 
name,  to  proceed  to  be  distributed  on  the  Eu- 
stachian tube  and  velum  palati.  The  name, 
pterygoid  arteries,  is  likewise  given  to  the 
branches,  which  the  internal  maxillary  and 
6ome  of  its  divisions,  as  the  meningea  media, 
and  posterior  temporalis  profunda,  furnish  to 
the  pterygoid  muscles,  behind  the  neck  of  the 
lower  jaw. 

Pterygoid  Bone,  Sphenoid. 

Pterygoid  or  Vidian  Canal,  Ductus  ptery- 
goideus, Cuna'  lis  Vidia' nus ,  (F.)  Conduit  ptery- 
go'idien  ou  Vidien,  Pterygo-palatine  canal,  is  a 
narrow  channel,  which  traverses,  in  a  direction 
from  before  to  behind,  the  base  of  the  pterygoid 
process,  and  gives  passage  to  the  pterygoid 
nerve.  The  foramina  of  the  sphenoid,  which 
terminate  the  canals,  have  the  same  epithets 
applied  to  them. 

Pterygoid  Fossa,  Fossa  Ptery  go'idca,  (F.) 
Fosse  ptdrygo'idienne  ou  plenjgo'ide,  is  the  de- 
pression, which  separates  the  two  laminae  or  alas 
of  the  pterygoid  process. 

Pterygoid  Mus'cles,  Ala'res  mus'culi,  J]li 
forrn'cs  mus'culi^  are  two  in  number.  1.  The 
Pteryaoideus  extemus,  P.  minor,  Pt6rygo-colli- 
maxillaire,  Petit  PUrygo-maxillaire  (Ch.)  (¥.) 
Petit  ptcrygoidicn,  Pttrygo'idien  externe,  is  a 
thick,  short  muscle,  which  arises,  by  short  apo- 


neuroses, from  the  outer  surface  of  the  external 
ala  of  the  pterygoid  process,  and  from  the  outer 
surface  of  the  great  ala  of  the  sphenoid  bone; 
and  is  inserted  at  the  anterior  part  of  the  neck 
of  the  lower  jaw-bone,  and  the  corresponding 
part  of  the  inter-articular  fibro-cartilage.  This 
muscle  draws  the  condyle  of  the  lower  jaw  and 
the  inter-articular  ligament  forwards.  It  car- 
ries the  chin  forwards,  and  to  the  opposite  side. 
If  the  two  external  pterygoids  act  together,  the 
jaw  is  carried  directly  forwards.  2.  The  Pte* 
rygoideus  internus,  P.  major,  PUrygo-anguli 
maxillaire,  Masse' ter  intern' us,  Lufens  in  UrS, 
Grand  Ptcrygomnxlllaire,  (F.)  Grand  Ptery- 
goidien  ou  Ptcrygo'idien  interne.  A  thick,  quad- 
rilateral muscle,  which  is  attached  by  short 
and  very  strong  aponeuroses;  above,  to  the  pte- 
rygoid fossa,  whence  it  proceeds  downwards, 
backwards,  and  outwards,  to  be  inserted  into 
the  inner  surface  of  the  ramus  of  the  lower  jaw, 
near  its  angle.  This  muscle  raises  the  lower 
jaw,  and  carries  it  a  little  forwards.  It  also 
performs  the  grinding  motion. 

Pterygoid  Nerves.  These  are  two  in  num- 
ber. 1.  The  Pterygoid  or  Vidian  Nerve.  It 
arises  from  the  posterior  part  of  the  spheno- 
palatine ganglion;  traverses  the  Vidian  canal 
of  the  sphenoid;  and,  beyond,  divides  into  two 
fihiments.  ].  A  superior  or  cranial,  A'ercus  su- 
perficia'lis  sive  pelro'sus,  which  ascends  into  the 
cranium,  and  enters  the  hiatus  of  Fallnpius  to 
unite  with  the  facial  nerve.  2.  An  inferior  or 
carotid,  Nervus  profundus  sive  major,  which 
traverses  the  carotid  canal,  and  unites  with  the 
ascending  branches  of  the  superior  cervical  gan- 
glion of  the  trisplanchnic.  2.  The  Pterygoid 
Nerve,  properly  so  called,  JVervus  musculi  ptery- 
go'idei,  is  given  off  by  the  inferior  maxillary 
branch  of  the  5th  pair. 

PTERYGOIDIEJY  GRAND  ou  INTERNE, 
Pterygoideus  internus — p.  Externe,  Pterygoide- 
us  extemus — p.  Petit,  Pterygoideus  extemus. 

PTERYGO'MA.  Same  etymon.  A  wing; 
a  projecting  or  pendulous  body.  A  swelling  of 
the  vulva,  which  prevents  coition. — M.  A.  Se- 
verinus. 

PTERYX,  Ala. 

PTILOSIS,  Deplumatio,  Madarosis. 

PTISANA,  Tisane— p.  Communis,  Decoc- 
tum  hordei  compositum — p.  Hippocratica,  De- 
coctum  hordei. 

PTISSANA,  Tisane. 

PTOCHOCOMI'UM,  from  .tt^oc,  'a  poor 
person,'  and  xo/utw,  '  I  take  care  of.'  Ptocko- 
doc.hi'um.     An  almshouse. 

PTOCHODOCHIUM,  Ptochocomium. 

PTOMA,  Cadaver. 

PTOSIS,  Prolapsus— p.  Bulbi  oculi,  Exoph- 
thalmia. 

Ptosis  Ir'idis,  Prolap'sus  Iridis,  from  TiTvxns, 
'a  falling.'  A  prolapsus  of  the  iris  through  a 
wound  of  the  cornea.  It  is  known  by  a  black- 
ish tubercle,  which  projects  a  little  from  the 
cornea  in  various  forms. 

Ptosis  Palpebr^,  Blepharoptosis. 

PTYALISM,  Salivation. 

PTYALISME  MERCURIEL,  Salivation, 
mercurial 

PTYALISMUS  ACUTUS  MELLITUS,  see 
Salivation — p.  Aculus  sympalheticus,  see  Sali- 
vation— p.  Hydrargyratus,  Salivation,  mercu- 
rial— p.  Mercurialis,  Salivation,  mercurial— p. 
Iners,  Slavering. 


PTYALOGOGUE 


627 


PUFFINESS 


PTYALOGOGUE,  Sialogogue. 
FTYALON,  Saliva. 

PTYASMAGOGUE,  Expectorant,  Sialo- 
gogue. 

PTYELON,  Saliva,  Sputum. 

PTYSIS,  Exspuition. 

PTYSMA,  Exspuition. 

PUAjYTEVR,  Dysodia. 

PUBEiNS,  Ephebus. 

PUBER,  Ephebus. 

PUBkRE,  Ephebus. 

PUBERTAS,  Ephebia. 

PUBERTY,  Pube/tas.  HelS,  Pules,  Aphro- 
di'sia,  Ephebi'a,  Ephe'hotes,  Ephebo'synE;  from 
pubescerc,  'to  begin  to  have  hair  on  the  chin 
and  sexual  organs.'  The  period  of  life  at  which 
young  people,  of  both  sexes,  become  nubile. 
According  to  the  civil  law,  puberty  occurs  at 
12  years  in  females,  and  14  in  boys.  The  pe- 
riod, however,  varies  somewhat  in  different 
climates,  and  in  different  individuals  of  the 
same  climate. 

PUBES,  Epis'chion,  Cteis,  Pectcn,-  the  Pubic 
region.  Same  etymon.  The  middle  partof  the 
hypogastric  region;  so  called,  because  it  is  co- 
vered with  hair,  in  both  sexes,  at  the  period  of 
puberty.  The  hair  is  also  called  Pubcs,  Lanu'- 
go  Pudcndo'riim,-  and,  of  o\d,  pubertas  signified 
the  same. 

Pubes,  Puberty. 

PUBIiEUS,  Pubic. 

PUBIC,  Pubian,  Pu'bicus,  Pubim'us,  (F.)  Pu- 
lien.  That  which  belongs  to  or  concerns  the 
pubis. 

Pubic  Arch  or  Arch  of  the  Pubis,  (F.)  Arcade 
pubicnne.  The  arch  at  the  anterior  part  of  the 
inferior  circumference  of  the  pelvis.  It  is  more 
expanded  in  the  female  than  in  the  male;  to 
correspond  with  the  additional  functions,  which 
she  has  to  execute. 

Pubic  Articula'tion,  or  Sym'physis  Pubis, 
results  from  the  junction  of  the  ossa  pubis. 
The  medium  of"  union  is  cartilage. 

Pubic  Lig'aments  are  two  very  solid,  fibrous 
fascia?,  situate  before  and  beneath  the  symphy- 
sis pubis,  which  they  strengthen.  The  one  is 
called  the  anterior  pubic  ligament;  the  other  the 
inferior  or  subpubic. 

PUBIEJY,  Pubic. 

PUBIO- COCC YGIEX-AKNULA1RE,  Pu- 
bio-coceyge/us  annula'ris.  Dumas  gave  this 
name  to  the  levator  ani  and  ischio-coccygeus, 
which  he  considered  a  single  muscle. 

PUBIO-COCCYGIEJV-ANMJLA1RE,  Le- 
vator Ani — p.  Femora!,  Pectinalis — p.  Femora- 
Iis,  Adductor  longus  femoris — p.  Ombilical,  Py- 
ramidalis  abdominis — p.  Prostaticus,  Compres- 
sor prostata; — p.  Sous  ■ombilical,  Pyramidalis  ab- 
dominis— p.  Sternal,  Rectus  abdominis. 

PUBIS,  OS,  Episei'on,  Episi'on,  Share  Bone, 
Os  Pec'finis.  The  anterior  part  of  the  os  inno- 
minatum;  so  called  because  it  corresponds  to 
the  genital  organs  and  pubic  region.  The  an- 
gle of  the  pubis  is  formed  by  the  union  of  the 
body  and  rami  of  each  side. 

PUM'LIC.-E  PARTES.  Those  organs  are  I 
so  called,  the  object  of  whose  functions  is  the  | 
nutrition  of  all  the  others.  Such  are  the  diges-  i 
tive  and  respiratory  organs. 

PUCE  MALlGJfE,  see  Anthrax—/;.  Pint- 
trante,  Chique. 

PUCCOON,   Sanguinaria   Canadensis— p. 


Red,  Sanguinaria  Canadensis — p.  Yellow,  Hy 
drastis  Canadensis. 

PUDDING-GRASS,  Mentha  pulegium. 

PUDENDA,  Genital  organs. 
PUDEND'AGRA.  A  hybrid  word;  from/w 
denda,  (pudere,  'to  be  ashamed,')  'the  genital 
organs,'  and  the  Greek  uy^a,  'a  seizure.'  Ac- 
cording to  some,  this  term  means  pain  in  the 
genital  parts:  according  to  others,  it  is  synony- 
mous with  syphilis,  (q.  v.) 

PUDEN'DAL  HERNIA.  Hernia,  which  de- 
scends between  the  vagina  and  ramus  ischii, 
and  forms  an  oblong  tumour  in  the  labium; 
traceable  in  the  pelvis,  as  far  as  the  os  uteri. 

PUDENDUM,  FEMALE,  Vulva— p.  Mulie- 
bre.  Vulva. 

PUDENDUS,  Pudic. 

PUDIC,  Pudi'cus,  Pud-en dus,  (F.)  Honteux. 
Same  etymon.  That  which  causes  shame.  A 
name  given  to  the  genital  organs  (q.  v.)  as  well 
as  to  different  other  parts. 

Pudic  Arteries  are  distributed  to  the  or- 
gans of  generation.  They  are, — 1.  The  inter- 
nal Pudic,  Sous-pubicnnc  (Ch.)  Arteria  Pudi'ca, 
A.  puden'da  commu'nis,  (F.)  Artere  honfeuse  in- 
terne, Gen'ital  Ar'tery.  It  is  furnished  by  the 
hypogastric,  and  divides  into  two  branches;  the 
one — the  inferior  or  perineal — which  gives  off 
the  inferior  hemorrhoidal  and  the  artery  of  the 
septum;  and  the  other — the  superior,  (F.)  Ischio- 
penienne — which  furnishes  the  transverse  pe- 
rineal artery,  and  divides  into  two  branches; 
the  artery  of  the  corpus  cavernosum,  and  the 
dorsalis  penis.  This  latter,  in  the  female,  has 
the  name  Dorsalis  Clitoridis.  2.  The  external 
Pudic  Arteries,  A.  serotales  ou  vulvaires  (Ch.), 
A.  honteuses  externes,  which  are  two  in  number. 
The  one  is  superficial  or  subcutaneous  and  the 
other  deep-seated  or  subaponeurotic.  They  are 
given  off  from  the  femoral  artery  or  some  one 
of  its  branches;  and  are  distributed  to  the  ex- 
ternal parts  of  generation. 

Pudic  Nerve,  (F.)  Nerf  honteux,  Nerf  lschio- 
pinien  ou  Ischio-clitoricn  (Ch.),  is  a  branch  fur- 
nished by  the  sacral  plexus,  which  is  distri- 
buted to  the  genital  organs;  and,  especially,  to 
the  penis  in  man,  and  the  clitoris  in  the  female. 

PU'ERILE,  Pueri'lis,  from  pucr,  'a  child.' 
(F.)  Respiration  puerile,  R.  exaggdree,  R.  sup- 
plementaire,  R.  hypervesiculaire.  A  term  ap- 
plied to  the  respiration  when  it  is  heard  loud 
through  the  stethoscope,  as  in  healthy  children. 

PLER'PERA,  from  pucr,  'a  child,'  and  pa- 
rere,  'to  bring  forth.'  Tohas,  Lochos,-  a  lying- 
in  woman,  (F.)  Femme  en  Couche,  Accouchee. 
A  female  in  child-bed.     One  recently  delivered. 

PUER'PERAL,  Pucrpera'lis;  from  puerpera, 
(q.  v.)  Relating  to  parturition  and  its  conse- 
quences. 

Puerperal  Convulsions,  Eclampsia  gravi- 
darum at  parturientium. 

Puer'pf.ral  Fever.  Any  fever  occurring 
during  the  puerperal  state — Febris  Puerpera'- 
rum,  Lochiop'yra,  Childbed  fever.  Most  com- 
monly restricted  to  a  malignant  variety  of  Peri- 
tonitis, (q.  V.) 

PUERPERIUM,  Parturition. 

PUFF-BALL,  Lycoperdon,  Leontodon  taraxa- 
cum. 

PUF'FINESS,  from  (D.)  poffen,  'to  blow;' 
Infla'lio,  Tumefac'tio  mollis,  (F.)  Bouffissure, 
Boursovflure.  A  soft  intumescence,  without 
redness,  which  may  be  partial  or  general,  and 


PUGILLUS 


G28 


PULPAMEN 


be  produced  by  accumulation  of  serous  fluid, 
extravasation  of  blood,  effusion  of  air  into  the 
subcutaneous  cellular  tissue,  &c.  Puffiness  is 
most  frequently  seen  in  the  face  and  legs;  and, 
sometimes,  appears  around  a  wound. 

FUGIL'LUS,  Drux,  Drachion,  from  pugnus, 
'the  fist;'  Drugmis,  (F.)  Pincee.  The  quantity 
of  any  substance,  which  may  be  taken  with  the 
end  of  two  or  three  fingers.  The  eighth  part  of 
a  handful. 

PUKE,  Emetic. 

PUKEWEED,  Lobelia  inflata. 

PUKING,  Vomiting,  Regurgitation. 

PULEGIUM,  Mentha  pulegium— p.  Cervi- 
num,  Mentha  cervina. 

PULEX  PEiNETRANS,  Chiquc. 

PULICA'RIS,  Pulicula'ris,  from  pulex,  'a 
gnat.'  An  epithet  given  tocutaneous  eruptions 
resembling  gnat-bites; — and,  also,  to  the  dis- 
eases in  which  such  eruptions  occur. 

Pulicaris  Herba,  Plantago  psyllium. 

PULLNA,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
These  Bohemian  springs  contain  sulphates  of 
soda  and  magnesia,  and  chloride  of  magnesium. 

PULMO,  Pulmo'nes,  by  transposition  of  the 
letter  /  from  pleumon  ni.tvfi.ov;  Pncumon,  Flcu- 
mon,  Spiramen'tum  an'imas,  Ergaste'rion  spir'- 
itas,  Flabell'um  el  ventila' brum  cordis,  the  Lung. 
The  essential  organ  of  respiration,  which  is 
double,  and  occupies  the  two  sides  of  the  chest. 
The  lungs,  which  are  of  a  spongy,  soft,  flexi- 
ble, compressible,  and  dilatable  structure,  fill 
exactly  the  two  cavities  of  the  thorax,  and  are 
separated  from  each  other  by  the  mediastinum 
and  the  heart.  The  right  lung,  which  is  shorter 
and  broader  than  the  left,  is  divided,  by  two 
oblique  fissures,  into  three  unequal  lobes.  The 
left  has  only  two  lobes,  and  consequently  only 
one  fissure.  At  the  internal  surface  of  those 
organs,  which  is  slightly  concave,  there  is, 
about  the  middle,  a  pedicle,  formed  by  the 
bronchia  and  pulmonary  vessels,  and  called,  by 
anatomists,  the  root  of  the  lungs,  (F.)  Racine 
des  Poumons.  Essentially,  the  lungs  are  com- 
posed of  prolongations  and  ramifications  of  the 
bronchia,  and  of  the  pulmonary  arteries  and 
veins, — the  divisions  of  which  are  supported 
by  a  fine,  cellular  tissue. 

When  the  surface  of  the  lungs  is  examined 
in  a  clear  light,  we  may  see,  even  through  the 
pleura,  that  their  parenchyma  is  formed  by  the 
aggregation  of  a  multitude  of  small  vesicles,  of 
an  irregularly  spheroid  or  ovoid  shape,  full  of 
air,  and  separated  by  white  and  opake  septa. 
These  vesicles  are  called  air-cells,  Spiramen'ta 
Pulmo'num.  Along  the  partitions  or  septa  is 
deposited,  in  greater  or  less  quantity,  the  black 
pulmonary  matter,  (F.)  Malihrcpulmonaire  noire, 
as  it  has  been  called,  which  seems  to  be  natural. 
Sometimes  it  is  seen  in  points;  at  others,  in 
spots.  The  colour  of  the  lungs  varies  according 
to  age  and  other  circumstances.  In  youth,  it 
is  more  red;  and,  afterwards,  grayish  or  bluish; 
often,  as  if  marbled.  The  pleura  pulmonalis  is 
their  investing  membrane.  The  air  is  carried 
to  the  lungs  by  means  of  the  trachea  and 
bronchia.  The  black  venous  blood,  which 
requires  oxygenation,  is  conveyed  to  them 
from  the  heart,  by  the  pulmonary  artery;  and, 
when  it  has  undergone  this  change,  it  is  re- 
turned to  the  heait  by  the  pulmonary  veins. 
The  blood-vessels,  inservient  to  the  nutrition  of 
the  lungs,  are  the  bronchial  arteries  and  veins. 


The  pulmonary  lymphatics  are  very  numerous. 
Some  are  superficial ;  others,  deep-seated.  They 
pass,  for  the  most  part,  into  the  bronchial  gan- 
glions or  glands.  The  nerves  are  furnished  by 
the  pulmonary  plexus. 

PULMOJYA1RE  DES  FRAJSCAIS,  Iliera- 
cium  murorum. 

PULMOx\A'RIA,  P.  officinalis,  P.  Macula' ta, 
P.  Macula' sa,  Lungioort,  Spotted  Lungwort,  Je- 
rusalem Cowslip,  Jerusalem  Sage,  Spotted  Com- 
frey,  (F.)  Sauge  de  Jerusalem.  Family,  Bora- 
gineaj.  Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria  Monogynia.  The 
leaves  of  this  plant  have  been  used  as  demul- 
cents and  pectorals;  partly  from  their  resem- 
blance to  lungs;  and,  partly,  because  they  ma- 
nifest a  slightly  mucilaginous  taste.  The  plant 
is  not  worthy  of  notice. 

Pulmonaria,  Pneumonia — p.  Arborea,  Li- 
chen pulmonarius — p.  Gallica,  Hieraciurn  lim- 
rorurn. 

PUL'MONARY,  Pulmona'ris,  Pulmona'lis. 
That  which  relates  or  belongs  to  the  lungs.  A 
name  given  to  various  parts. 

Pulmonary  Artery,  Artdria  pulmona'ris, 
arises  from  the  upper  and  left  part  of  the  right 
ventricle  of  the  heart;  whence  it  passes  ob- 
liquely upwards  and  to  the  leftside;  dividing 
into  two  trunks,  opposite  the  second  dorsal  ver- 
tebra— one  passing  to  each  lung.  At  its  origin, 
it  is  furnished  with  three  sigmoid  or  semilunar 
valves.  It  carries  the  blood  to  the  lungs  for 
aeration. 

Pulmonary  Matter,  Black,  see  Pulmo. 

Pulmonary  Plexus,  Plexus  pulmona'ris.  A 
considerable  nervous  network,  situate  behind 
the  bronchia,  which  is  formed  by  the  fila- 
ments of  the  pneumogastric  nerve  or  par  va- 
gum,  and  by  other  filaments  from  the  inferior 
cervical  ganglion  and  the  first  thoracic  ganglia. 
This  plexus  forms  a  kind  of  areolar  web,  with 
numerous  meshes  of  different  sizes,  in  which 
vessels  are  lodged,  surrounded  by  much  cellu- 
lar tissue.  This  plexus  sends  filaments  to  the 
bronchia,  which  they  accompany  to  their  ex- 
tremities. 

Pulmonary  Veins,  Vena;  pulmona'res,  Arte'- 
rim  vend  see.  These  arise  in  the  lungs  from  the 
final  terminations  of  the  arteries  of  the  same 
name;  collect  in  ramusculi  and  rami  of  greater 
and  greater  size,  and  ultimately  unite  in  four 
trunks;  two  of  which  issue  from  each  lung  to 
open  into  the  left  auricle  of  the  heart.  The 
pulmonary  veins  have  the  same  structure  as 
the  other  veins  of  the  body;  from  which  they 
differ,  in  containing  arterial  blood,  as  the  pul- 
monary artery  differs  from  the  others  in  con- 
veying venous  blood.  They  carry  the  blood 
back  to  the  heart  after  aeration. 

PULMONIA,  Phthisis  pulmonalis,  Pneu- 
monia. 

PULMO N' IC,  Pulmon'icus,t  Pncumon' icus, 
Pulmona'rius.  One  attacked  with  phthisis — 
one  labouring  under  disease  of  the  lungs.  Any 
thing  relating  or  belonging  to  the  lungs.  A 
medicine  for  the  lungs. 

PULP,  Pulpa,  Pulpa'men,  Sarx.  The  soft 
and  parenchymatous  parts  of  vegetables  re- 
duced to  a  paste  by  the  operation  of  pulping. 

Pulp  oe  the  Tooth,  Dental  pulp. 

PULPA  CASSIA,  see  Cassia  fistula-p. 
Dentis,  Dental  pulp— p.  Prunorum  sylvestriutn 
condita,  Conserva  pruni  sylvestris. 

PULPAMEN,  Pulp. 


PULPE  DENT  AIRE 


629 


PULSE,  FEEBLE,  WEAK 


PULPE  DENTAIRE,  Dental  pulp. 
1    PULPEZIA,  Apoplexy. 

PULPING,  Pulpa'tion,  Pulpa'tio.  An  opera- 
tion—the  object  of  which  is  to  reduce  certain 
vegetable  substances  to  a  pulp.  For  this  pur- 
pose, they  are  bruised  in  a  mortar,  and  then 
passed  through  a  hair  sieve,  by  the  aid  of  a 
wooden  spatula,  called  a  Pulper,  (F.)  Pulnoirc. 

PULPOIRE,  see  Pulpina  ' 

PULSATILLA  NIGRICANS,  Anemone  pra- 
tensis— p.  Vulgaris,  Anemone  pulsatilla. 

PULSATILLE  NOIRE,  Anemone  pratensis, 
— p.  des  Pres,  Anemone  pratensis. 

PULSA'TION,  Pulsa'tio,  Sphygmos,  Sphyxis, 
Pcdefsis,  Pedelh'mos,  (F.)  Battewent.  The  beat- 
ing of  the  heart  and  arteries.  Also,  the  beating 
felt  in  an  inflamed  part. 

PULSAT1 VUS,  Throbbing., 


PULSE,  from  pulso,  'I  beat;'  Pulsus,  Pulsa'- 
tio, Pulsus  cordis  el  arteria'rum,  Ictus  cordis  et 
arteria'rum,  Incurs  us  arteria'rum,  Sphygmos, 
Diasphyxis,  (F.)  Pouls.  Beating  of  the  arte- 
ries, produced  by  the  afflux  of  the  blood  pro- 
pelled by  the  heart  in  its  contractions.  For 
the  sake  of  convenience,  we  choose  the  radial 
artery  at  the  wrist  to  detect  the  precise  charac- 
ter of  the  pulse.  These  characters  relate  to 
the  number  of  pulsations  in  a  given  time;  to 
their  degrees  of  quickness;  hardness,  and 
strength;  to  the  equality  or  inequality,  either 
of  the  pulsations  themselves  or  of  their  inter- 
vals; to  the  development  or  fulness  of  the  ar- 
tery, and  to  the  different  impressions  it  may 
produce  on  the  finger. 

The  following  estimates  have  been  made  of 
the  pulse  at  various  ages : 


In  the  embryo, 

At  birth, 

One  month, .. . 

One  year, 

Two  years,. . . . 
Three  years,.. . 
Seven  years,.. . 
Twelve  years,. 

Puberty, 

Adult  age, 

Old  age, 


Number  of  beats  per  minute,  according  to 


Heberden. 

SoMMERIPiG. 

MuLLER. 





150 

J  30  to  140 

Do. 

Do. 

120 

— 



120  to  108 

120 

115  to  130 

108  to  90 

110 

100  to  115 

90  to  80 

90 

90  to  100 

72 

— 

85  to  90 

70 





— 

80 

80  to  85 

— 

70 

70  to  75 

— 

60 

50  to  65 

It  does  not  appear,  from  recent  researches, 
that  the  pulse  of  the  aged  is  less  frequent,  but 
the  contrary.  In  general,  the  pulse  is  more 
frequent  in  females  and  in  irritable  persons, 
than  in  males  and  those  of  an  opposite  tempe- 
rament. In  the  healthy  state,  the  pulse,  besides 
having  the  proper  number  of  pulsations,  is  nei- 
ther hard  nor  unusually  soft;  it  is  moderately 
developed;  of  a  medium  strength;  and  perfectly 
equal,  both  as  regards  the  pulsations  and  their 
intervals.  In  diseases  it  wanders,  more  or  less, 
from  these  physiological  conditions.  The  dif- 
ferent characters  of  the  pulse,  that  have  been 
enumerated,  are  remarkably  great.  In  a  dic- 
tionary, it  is  necessary  to  detail  them,  although 
many  of  them  are  not  now  regarded;  and  some 
are  ridiculous.  At  times,  when  an  impediment 
exists  to  the  flow  of  blood  along  the  pulmonary 
arteries,  either  owing  to  mechanical  obstruc- 
tion or  to  diminished  force  of  the  ventricle,  a 
reflux  takes  place,  along  the  veins,  giving  rise 
to  the  '  venous  pulse.' 

Pulse,  Aiiijent,  Pulsus  ardens,  (F.)  Pouls 
ardent,  Pouls  6leve.  One  which  seems  to  raise 
itself  to  a  point  in  order  to  strike  the  finger. 

Pulse,  Caprizant,  Pulsus  Capri'zans,  P. 
dorcadis'stins,P.gazcll'ans,  P.fusa'lis,  Goat-leap 
pulse,  (F.)  Pov/s  caprisant.  One,  which  seems 
to  leap,  as  it  were;  an  imperfect  dilatation  of 
the  artery  being  succeeded  by  a  fuller  and  a 
stronger  one. 

Pulse,  Complex,  (F.)  Pouls  combine  ou  com- 
pose, P.  compl'tqub.  A  pulse  which  has  the 
character  of  several  critical  pulses  united. 

Pulse,    Contracted,   (F.)   Pouls  scrre",   P. 


concentre.  One  whose  pulsations  are  narrow, 
deep,  and  slightly  hard. 

Pulse,  Convul'sive,  Pulsus  convulsi'vus, 
(F  )  Pouls  convulsif.  That  which  is  unequally 
frequent  or  unequally  hard;  in  short,  which 
rese>rnbles  the  irregular  pulsations  of  a  muscular 
fibre  in  a  state  of  convulsion. 

Pulse,  Crit'ical,  Pulsus  crit'icvs.  A  pulse 
which,  after  having  possessed  the  characters  of 
irritation,  becomes  free,  open,  soft,  &c. 

Pulse,  Decurtate,  Pulsus  My  urus:  see,  also 
Myurus. 

Pulse,  Deep,  Pulsus  prof un'dus,  (F.)  Pouls 
profond.  One  which  cannot  be  felt  without 
difficulty,  and  without  strong  pressure  by  the 
finger. 

Pulse,  Deficient,  Pulsus  deftc"iens,  P.  Flick- 
ering, Pulsus  an'nuens  et  circum'nuens,  (F.) 
Pouls  difaillant,  P.  inse?isible.  One  which 
seems,  every  instant,  about  to  cease. 

Pulse,  Depressed,  Pulsus  deprcs'svs,  (F.) 
Pouls  deprime.     That  which  is  deep  and  weak. 

Pulse,  Devel'oped,  (F.)  Pouls  ddvclopp6. 
That  which  is  broad,  full,  strong,  and  frequent. 

Pulse,  Dicrotic,  Pulsus  Di'crotus,  P.  Irife1- 
riens,  P.  mallea'ris,  (F.)  P.  dicrote,  P.  rehondis- 
sant,  P.  redouble.  That  in  which  the  finger  is 
struck  twice  at  each  pulsation :  once  lightly,  the 
other  time  more  strongly. 

Pulse,  Equal,  Pulsus  sequa'lis.  That  in 
which  the  pulsations  resemble  each  other,  and 
return  at  equal  intervals. 

Pulse,  Febrile,  Pulsus febri' lis.  One  very 
frequent. 

Pulse,  Feeble,  Weak,  Pulsus  dr.b'ilis,  (F.) 


PULSE,  FILIFORM 


630 


PULSE,  WIRY 


Fouls  faibk.  One  which  strikes  the  finger 
feebly. 

Pulse,  Fil'iform,  P.  thready.  One  which 
resembles  a  thread  slightly  vibrating. 

Pulse,  Flickering,  Pulse,  deficient. 

Pulse,  Formicant,  Pulsus  formi'cans,  (F.) 
Poulsformicant.  One  which  resembles,  by  be- 
ing small  and  scarcely  perceptible,  the  motion 
of  an  ant. 

Pulse,  Frequent,  (F.)  P.  agile,  P.  pricipite. 
One  which  strikes  more  frequently  than  usual 
in  a  given  time. 

Pulse,  Full,  Pulsus  pterins,  (F.)  Pouls  plein. 
One  which  gives  the  notion  of  great  repletion 
in  the  vessel. 

Pulse,  Goat-leap,  P.  Caprizant. 

Pulse,  Gut'tural,  Pulsus  guUura'lis,  (F.) 
Pouls  guttural.  A  pulse  which  has  been  sup- 
posed to  indicate  the  termination  of  affections 
of  the  throat. 

Pulse,  Hard,  Pulsus  durus,  (F.)  Pouls  dur. 
That  in  which  the  pulp  of  the  finger  seems  to 
yield  to  the  pulsation. 

Pulse, Hemorrhoidal,  (F '.)  Pouls des  H&mor- 
rhoides.  A  critical  pulse,  announcing  the  ap- 
pearance of  the  hemorrhoidal  flux.  It  is  de- 
scribed as  unequal ; — the  pulsations  not  being 
alike  in  force,  and  still  less  the  intervals. 

Pulse,  Hepat'ic,  (F.)  Pauls  duFoie.  A  pulse 
imagined  to  indicate  affections  of  the  liver.  It 
is  not  worthy  of  description. 

Pulse,  Inferior,  (F.)  Pouls  Inferieur,  P. 
abdominal,  P.  ventral.  One  supposed  to  an- 
nounce evacuations  below  the  diaphragm. 

Pulse,  Intercurrent.  One  in  which  a  su- 
perfluous pulsation  seems  to  occur  from  time  to 
time. 

Pulse, Intermittent,  (F.)  Pouls intercadent. 
One  in  which  the  pulsations  fail  from  time  to 
time. 

Pulse,  Intes'tinal,  (F.)  Pouls  des  lntestins, 
F.  de  la  diarrhce.  A  critical  pulse,  presumed 
to  announce  an  evacuation  by  the  intestines. 

Pulse,  In'tricate,  Pulsus  Intrica'tus,  (F.) 
Pouls  erubarrasse.  That  which  is  but  little  de- 
veloped, and  unequally  slow. 

Pulse,  Irreg'ular,  Pulsus  anorma'lis.  One 
whose  pulsations  are  unequal,  and  return  at 
unequal  intervals. 

Pulse  of  Irritation,  Pulsus  ab  iritatio'ne 
seu  nervi'nus  seu  acrit'icus.  One  which  is  fre- 
quent, hard,  and  contracted. 

Pulse,  Jarring,  P.  vibrating — p.  Jerking, 
Pulse,  sharp. 

Pulse,  Languid,  (F.)  Pouls  languissanl.  A 
slow  and  feeble  pulse. 

Pulse,  Large,  Pulsus  crassus,  P.  magnus, 
(F.)  Pouls  grand,  P.  large.  That  which  is 
large  and  full. 

Pulse,  Long.  One  which  strikes  the  finger 
to  a  great  extent  in  length. 

Pulse,  Low,  Pulsus  hu'niilis,  (F.)  Pouls  bas. 
One  in  which  the  pulsations  are  scarcely  per- 
ceptible. 

Pulse,  Nasal,  (F.)  Fouls  nasal,  P.  capital,  P. 
du  Nez.  One  supposed  to  announce  the  end  of 
an  irritation  in  the  nasal  fossae. 

Pulse,  Nat'ural,  (F.)  Pouls  naturel  des 
adultes,  P.  parfait,  P.  des  adultes,  P.  modere. 
One  that  is  equal  and  regular  in  strength  and 
frequency;  compressible,  and  devoid  of  hard- 
ness. 

Pulse,  Organ'ic,  (F.)  Pouls  organique.    One 


w  hich  indicates  the  affected  organ,  or  the  organ 
by  which  an  evacuation  will  take  place. 

Pulse,  Pec'toral,  (F.)  Pouls  dc  fexpeetora- 
tion.  A  critical  pulse,  announcing  the  termi- 
nation of  some  pulmonary  irritation. 

Pulse,  Quick.  One  which  strikes  sharply, 
but  not  forcibly,  against  the  finger. 

Pulse,  Reg'ular,  Pulsus  norma' lis  aut  re- 
gula'ris.  One  whose  pulsations  are  equal,  and 
succeed  each  other  at  equal  intervals. 

Pulse,  Resisting,  (F.)  Pouls  resistant.  One 
a  little  tense,  a  little  hard. 

Pulse,  Sharp,  (F.)  Pouls  prompt,  P.  vite,  P. 
vif.  One  which  strikes  the  finger  sharply, 
rapidly.  When  to  a  greater  extent,  it  is  called 
a  jerking  pulse. 

Pulse,  Sharp-tailed,  Pulsus  myurus:  see 
also,  Myurus. 

Pulse,  Slow,  Pulsus  tardus,  (F.)  Pouls  lent, 
P.  tardif,  P.  rare.  One  which  strikes  the  fin- 
ger slowly. 

Pulse,  Small,  Pulsus  parvus,  (F.)  PouU 
petit.  One  whose  pulsations  are  slender  and 
weak. 

Pulse,  Soft,  Pulsus  mollis,  (F.)  Pouls  mou. 
One  which  yields  under  the  finger. 

Pulse,  Simple,  Pulsus  simplex.  A  critical 
pulse,  indicating  an  evacuation  by  one  organ 
only. 

Pulse,  Stom'achal,  (F.)  Pouls  slomacal,P. 
de  iestonvic.  One  supposed  to  announce  an 
evacuation  by  the  stomach. 

Pulse,  Strong,  Pulsus  fords,  (F.)  Fouls  fort, 
P.  vehement.  One  which  strikes  the  finger 
strongly. 

Pulse,  Superior,  Pulsus  Superior,  (F.)  Pouls 
sup'erieur.  A  critical  pulse,  supervening  on 
irritation  of  organs  situate  above  the  diaphragm. 

Pulse,  Supple,  Pulsus  elas'ticus,  (F.)  Pouls 
souple.  One  in  which  the  pulsations  have 
strength  without  hardness. 

Pulse  of  Sweat,  Pulsus  Sudora'lis,  (F.) 
Pouls  Sudoral,  P.  de  lasueur.  A  critical  pulse, 
indicating  an  approaching  perspiration. 

Pulse,  Tense,  Cordy,  Pulsus  tensus,  (F.) 
Pouls  tendu,  P.  roide.  One  in  which  the  artery 
resembles  a  cord  fixed  at  its  two  extremities. 
When  resembling  a  wire  it  is  called  iciry. 

Pulse,  Thready,  P.  filiform. 

Pulse,  Trem'ulous,  Pulsus  trem'ulus,  (F.) 
Fouls  tremulant,  P.  palpitant.  One  in  whicn 
each  pulsation  oscillates. 

Pulse,  Undulating,  Pulsus  fiuctu'osus,  P. 
fluens,  (F.J  Pouls  ondulant,  P.  ondoyant.  One 
which  resembles,  in  its  movements,  those  of 
the  waves. 

PvLsi.,\]fiFJciv  \h,  Pulsusinxqua' lis,  (F.)  Pouls 
illegal.  One  whose  pulsations  are  not  alike, 
or  return  at  unequal  intervals. 

Pulse,  U'rinal,  Pulsus  urina'lis,  (F.)  Pouls 
de  1' urine,  A  critical  pulse,  fancied  to  denote 
an  approaching  evacuation  of  urine. 

Pulse,  U'terine,  Pulsus  utcri'nus,  (F.)  Pouls 
Uterine,  P.  de  lu  Matrice,  P.  des  Regies.  One 
which  indicates  the  flow  of  the  menses,  or  the 
occurrence  of  metrorrhagia. 

Pulse,  Venous,  Pulsus  venarum. 

Pulse,  Vermic'ulah.  That  which  imitates 
the  movement  of  a  worm. 

Pulse,  Vibrating;  Jarring  Pulse.  One 
in  which  the  artery  seems  to  vibrate  like  a 
musical  siring. 

Pulse,  Wiry,  see  Pulse,  tense. 


PULSILEGIUM 


C31     PULVIS  C1NNAM0MI  COMPOSITUS 


PULSILE'GIUM,  Pulsilo' gium,  Pulsim'elcr, 
from  pulsus,  'the  pulse,'  and  lego,  'I  tell.' 
Spliygmundeter.  Any  instrument  for  measuring 
the  quickness  or  force  of  the  pulse. 

PULSIMANTI'A;  from  pvlsus,  and  ^tami*, 
■divination.'  The  art  of  predicting  or  prog- 
nosticating by  the   pulse. 

PULSIMETER,  Pulsilegium. 

PULSUS,  see  Pulse— p.  Acriticus,  Pulse  of 
irritation— p.  iFqualis,  Pulse,  equal — p.  Annu- 
ens  et  circumnuens,  Pulse,  deficient — p.  Anor- 
malis,  Pulse, irregular — p.  Biferiens,  P.  dicrotus 
— p.  Caprizans,  Pulse,  caprizant — p.  Crassus, 
Pulse,  large — p.  Debilis,  Pulse,  feeble— p.  De- 
ficiens,  Pulse  deficient — p.  Dicrotus,  Pulse  di- 
crotic— p.  Dorcadissans,  Pulse,  caprizant — p. 
Fusalis,  Pulse,  caprizant — p.  Gazellans,  Pulse, 
caprizant— p.  Mallearis,  Pulse,  dicrotic— p.  Du- 
rus,  Pulse,  hard — p.  Elasticus,  Pulse,  supple — 
p.  Fluctuosus,  Pulse,  undulating — p.  Fluens, 
Pulse,  undulating — p.  Formicans,  Pulse,  form- 
icant — p.  Fortis,  Pulse,  strong — p.  Humilis, 
Pulse,  low — p.  Intricatus,  Pulse,  intricate — p. 
Magnus,  Pulse,  large — p.  Mollis,  Pulse,  soft. 

Pulsus  Myu'rus,  (F.)  Puke,  decurtate,  P. 
sharp-tailed,  Pauls  mijure.  One  which  goes  on 
diminishing.     See  Myurus. 

Pulsus  Nervinus,  Pulse  of  irritation — p. 
Normalis,  Pulse,  regular — p.  Parvus,  Pulse, 
email — p.  Plenus,  Pulse,  full. 

Pul'sus  Serri'nus,  (F.)  Pauls  serrin,  P.  ser- 
ralite.  One  which  strikes,  sometimes  strongly, 
at  others  feebly,  and  recalls  the  idea  of  a  saw. 

Pulsus  Strictus,  (F.)  Pauls  etroit.  One 
that  strikes  the  finger  to  a  small  extent  in 
breadth. 

Pulsus  Sudoralis,  Pulse  of  sweat — p.  Tar- 
dus, Pulse,  slow  —  p.  Urinalis,  Pulse,  urinal — 
p.  Uterinns,  Pulse,  uterine. 

Pulsus  Vac'uus,  (F.)  Poidsvide.  One  which 
gives  the  idea  of  emptiness  of  the  artery. 

Pulsus  Vena'rum,  Venous  Pulse,  Phlebopa'lia. 
A  pulsation  occasionally  noticed  in  the  jugular 
veins.  It  is  owing  to  some  of  the  blood  of  the 
right  ventricle  refiowing  into  the  right  auricle, 
and  communicating  an  impulse  to  the  venous 
blood  arriving  in  the  auricle  through  the  de- 
scending cava.  It  is  often  a  sign  of  impedi- 
ment to  the  flow  of  blood  along  the  pulmonary 
artery. 

PULTICE,  Cataplasm. 

PULTICULA,  Bouillie. 

PULVERIZA'TION,  Pulvcriza'tio,  Pulvcra'- 
tio,  from  pulvis,  'dust,'  Coniosto'sis.  The  ope- 
ration of  dividing  substances,  so  as  to  reduce 
them  to  powder. 

PULVILLUS,  Pad,  Bourdonnet. 

PULVINAR  HUMULI,  see  Humulus  lupu- 
lus — p.  Parvum,  Pad. 

PULVIS,  Corns,  (F.)"  Poudre.  A  substance, 
reduced  into  small  particles  by  pulverization. 
Simple  powders  are  those  of  a  single  substance; 
compound,  those  which  result  from  a  mixture  of 
several  different  powders.  An  impalpable  pow- 
der is  one  which  is  so  fine  that  it  can  scarcely 
be  felt  under  the  finger.  A  compound  powder 
was,  formerly,  called  Species,  (F.)  Espece. 

Pulvis  Absorbens,  P.  de  magnesia  compos. 
—  p.  Alexiterius,P.conliayerveecomp. — p.  Alex- 
iteiius,  P.  ipecacuanhas  compositus — p.  Alga- 
roth  i,  AJgaroth. 

Pulvis  Aloes  Compos'itus,  Compound  poic- 
dcr  of  Aloes,  Pulvis  Aloes  cum   G'uat'aco,  P. 


aloeficus  cum  Guaiaco.  (Aloes  spicat,  ezt. £\ss. 
giiaiac.  gum.  res.  §j,  puh.  cinnam.  camp,  gsa 
Rub  the  aloes  and  guaiacum  separately,  then 
mix  the  whole.  Pli  L.)  Cathartic,  stomachic, 
and  sudorific.      Dose,  gr.  x  to  Q j. 

Pulvis  Aloes  cum  Canel'la,  Pulvis  aloes  el 
caneltse,  Powder  of  Aloes  with  Canella,  Species 
Hi'erx.  picrx,  Hiera  picra,  Pulvis  Alo'ei'icus 
(Aloes  Ibj,  canellse  §iij.  Rub  separately  into  a 
powder,  and  mix.  Ph. U.S.J  A  warm  cathar- 
tic.    Dose  gr.  x  to  J}j. 

Pulvis  Aloes  cum  Guaiaco,  P.  A.  composi- 
tus— p.  Aloeticus,  P.  aloes  cum  canella — p. 
Aloeticus,  Hiera  picra — p.  Aluminosus,  P.  sul- 
phatis  aluminas  compositus — p.  Aluminis  com- 
positus. P.  sulphatis  alumina;  compositus — p. 
Aluminis  kinosatus,  P.  sulphatis  alumina  com- 
positus. 

Pulvis  de  Ama'ris  Compos'itus,  Pulvis  anti- 
arlhrh'icus  ama'rus,  (F.)  Poudre  antiarthritiquc 
amere.  (Rad.  gentian,  uristoloch.  rotund.,  aa. 
p.  3,  for.  centaur,  min.  p.  4.  fol.  chamxdr. 
chumsepilh.  manipul. — f.  pulvis,  Ph.  P.)  In 
gouty  affections,  dyspepsia,  &c.     Dose,  gr.  xx. 

Pulvis  Angelicus,  Algaroth — p.  Anodynus, 
P.  ipecacuanha;  comp, —  p.  Antiacidus,  P.  cretce 
compositus — p.  Antiacidus,  P.  de  magnesid 
compos. — p.  Antiarthrilicus  amarus,  P.  de  ama- 
ris  compositus — p.  Antiarthriticus  purgans,  P. 
de  senna,  scammonea.  et  lignis — p.  Antiasth- 
matics, P.  de  sulphure  et  scilla. 

Pulvis  Antilvs'sus,  Mead's  Powder  against 
the  bite  of  a  mad  dog.  It  consisted  of  ash- 
coloured  liverwort  in  powder,  with  an  equal 
quantity  of  black  pepper,-  a  drachm  and  a  half 
of  the  two  forming  a  dose  for  an  adult. 

Pulvis  Antimonialis,  Antimonial  powder. 

Pulvis  de  Aro  Compos'itus,  Compound 
Powder  of  Arum,  (¥.)  Poudre  of  Birckmann. 
(Hud.  ari,acori  ceri,  pimpint.ll.  saxifrag.  aa  40  p. 
ocul.  cancror.  ppt.  12,  cinnam.  7  p.,  potassaz 
sulph.  (i  p.,  ammonia:  muriat.  2  p.  f.  pulv.  Ph. 
P.)    Sternutatory. 

Pulvis  Aromaticus,  P. cinnamomi compositus. 

Pulvis  As'ari  Compos'itus,  P.  sternutato'- 
rius,  P.  errhi'nus,  P.  capita! Us  Sancti  An'geli,  P. 
cephal'icus,  Cephalic  snuff,-  Compound  Powder 
of  Jlsarubac' ca,  (F.)  Poudre  d'asarum  composlz 
dite  stcrnatatoire,  P.  de  Saint-Ange.  ( Folior. 
asar.  Europ.  p.  tres  ,  fol.  origan,  major  ana,  for. 
lavand.  spic,  sing.  p.  1.  R.ub  into  powder.  Ph. 
L)     Sternutatory, 

Pulvis  Auiti,  see  Gold — p.  e.  Bolo  composi- 
tus cum  opio,  P.  cretae  compositus  cum  opio — 
p.  e.  Bolo  compositus  sine  opio,  see  P.  cretos 
Compositus— p.  Cambogise  compositus,  P.  e. 
gummi  gutta—  p.  Capitalis  Sancti  Angeli,  Pul- 
vis asari  compositus — p.  Carbonatis  calcis  com- 
positus, P.  cretoe  compositus — p.  Cardiacus,  P. 
contrayerva;  comp. — p.  Carthusianorum,  Anti- 
monii  sulphuretum  rubrum — p.  Catharticus,  P. 
scammonea;  comp. —  p.  Cephalicus,  P.  asari 
compositus. 

Pulvis  Cinnamo'mi  Compos'itus,  Compound 
Powder  of  Cin'namon,  Pulvis  sen  Species  hn- 
perato'ris,  P.  vitx  Imperuto'ris,  P.  Didro'mnion, 
Species  diacinnamo' mi,  S.  hrtifican'tcs  Rhuzis, 
Tra'gea  aromat'ica.  Species  Diam'brse  sine  odoraf- 
tis,  Species  aromat'ica,  Pubis  aromaticus, — (Ph. 
U.  S.)  (F.)  Poudre  de  canelle  composce  ou  aro- 
matique.  (Cinnam.,  zingib.  aa.  gij,  cardam.,  my- 
rist.  aa  gj.  Rub  to  a  fine  powder.  Ph.  U.  S.) 
Stimulant  and  carminative.     Dose,  gr.  x  toQj. 


PULVIS  COBBII 


032 


PULVIS  iNTTRICUM 


Pulvis  Cobbii  seu  Tunquinen'sis.  The  fa- 
mous Tonquin  powder,  introduced  into  England 
by  a  Mr.  Cobb.  It  was  composed  of  16  grains 
of  musk,  and  48  grains  of  cinnabar  mixed  in  a 
gill  of  arrack.  It  was  formerly  regarded  as  a 
specific  in  hydrophobia. 

Pulvis  Comitis  Warwicensis,  P.  Cornachini 
— p.  Comitissce,  Cinchona. 

Pulvis  CoNTRAYER'viE  Compos'itus,  Lapis 
conlrayervaz,  Contrayerva  balls,  Compound  Pow- 
der of  Contrayer'va,  Pulvis  cardl'acus,  P.alexite'- 
rius,  P.  Mantua'nus.  (Contrayerv.  rad.  contrit. 
£v,  lest,  prcep.  fliiss.  Mix.  Ph.  L.)  Stimulant 
and  sudorific.     Dose,  gr.  xv  to  Zss. 

Pulvis  Cornachi'ni,  Diaccltates' son  Para- 
celsi,  Earl  of  Warwick's  Powder,  Pulvis  Ox'ydi 
Stibii  compos'itus,  Pulvis  Com'ilis  IVarwicen' sis , 
Pulvis  de  Tribus,  Cer'berus  Triceps,  Pulvis 
Scammo'nii  antimonia'lis.  (F.)  Poudre  Corna- 
chinc.  (Scammon.  Alcp.,  potass,  supertart., 
antim.  diaph.  aa  p.  ae.  f.  pulvis  Ph.  P.)  Cathar- 
tic. Used  chiefly  in  cutaneous  diseases.  Dose, 
^ss  to  5J. 

Pulvis  Cornu  Usti  cum  O'pio,  Pulvis  opia'- 
tus,  Powder  of  Burnt  Hartshorn  with  opium, 
(F.)  Poudre  de  come  brulee  avec  I' opium.  (Opii 
duri  cont.  Jjj,  corn.  ust.  el  prap.  ^j,  coccos.  cont. 
gj.  Mix.  Ph.  L.)  Ten  grains  contain  one  of 
opium.     Anodyne. 

Pulvis  Cuetaceus,  P.  cretae  compositus. 

Pulvis  CretjE  Compos'itus,  P.  Carbonu'tis 
Calcis  compositus,  Compound  Powder  of  chalk, 
P.  creta'ceus,  Species  e  Scorpio  sine  opio,  Di- 
ascor'dium,  Pulvis  untad'idus,  P.  terres'lris, 
Species  Diacre'tx,  (with  Bole  Armeniac  in  place 
of  chalk — the  Pulvis  e  Boh  compositus  sine 
opio.)  (F.)  Poudre  de  cra.ie  composee  (Creta 
ppt.  ISss,  cinnam.  curt.  51V,  tormentill.  rad., 
acacia:  gum.,  sing,  giij,  pip.  long,  fruct.  3'iv. 
Reduce  separately  to  a  fine  powder,  and  mix. 
Ph.  L.)  Antacid,  stomachic,  absorbent.  Dose, 
gr.  xx  to  ^ij. 

Pulvis  Cretae  Compositus  Cum  Opio,  Com- 
pound Powder  of  Chalk  zoiih  opium,  Pulvis  e 
Creta  compositus  cum  opio  (with  Bole  Armeniac 
instead  of  chalk — Pulvis  e  Bolo  compositus  cum 
opio,)  Species  e  Scordio  cum  opio,  (F.)  Poudre  de 
craie  composee  avec  I'opium.  (Pulv.  cret.  c. 
3vjss,  opii  duri  cont.  £)iv.  Mix.  Ph.  L.)  Con- 
tains one  giain  of  opium  in  40.  Anodyne  and 
absorbent.     Dose,  £)j  to  ^ij. 

Pulvis  D  1  a  phoreticus,  P.  ipecacuanhas 
comp. — p.  Diapnoicus,  P.  ipecacuanhas  comp. — 
p.  Diaromaton,  P.  cinnamomi  compositus — p. 
DiasenoB,  P.  sennas  compos.  —  p.  Diaturpethi 
compositus,  P.  jahipse  compositus. 

Pulvis  Ducis  Portlan'oi*,  Duke  of  Port- 
land's Gout  Powder.  (Rad.  aristobch.,  gentianse, 
summit,  chanucdr.,  centaur,  min.  aa  p. 32.)  Dose, 
gss  to  gj. 

Pulvis  Emmenagogus,  P.  myrrhas  compo- 
situs— p.Epilepticus  marchionum,  P.  de  magne- 
sia compositus — p.  Errhinus,  P.  asari  composi- 
te—  n.  Galactopmus,  P.  de  magnesia  compos. 

Pulvis  e  Gummi  Gutta,  P.  Cambo' giaz  com- 
positus, P.  lujdrago'gus,  Camboge  Powder,  (F.) 
Poudre  hydragogue  ou  de  gomme  guttc,  P.  de 
Quercctanus,  (Had.  jalap.  24  p.,  rad.  mcchoucan. 
12  p.,  cinnam.  etrhci.  aa  8.  p.,gum.  cambog.  3  p., 
fol.  soldanellce  sice.  6  p.,  semin.  anisi  12  p.,  fiat 
pulvi3  Ph.  P.)  A  drastic  cathartic.  In  ana- 
sarca and  in  worms.     Dose,  gr.  xv  to  xxx. 

Pulvis  Gummo'sus  ALKALi'NUs^a^ow^a'- 


bilis,  (F.)  Poudre  de  savon  vegetal.  (Guaiac. 
pulv.  32  p.,  potass,  carb.  4  p.  Make  into  a  pow- 
der. Ph.  P.)     Antacid. 

Pulvis  ex  Helminthocorto  Compositus, 
P.  vermif'ugus  absque  mercu'rio,  (F.)  Poudre 
vermifuge  sans  mercure.  (Fuc.  hclminlhocort., 
sem.  contra.,  summitat.  absinth.,  tanaceti,  fol. 
scordii,  sennas,  rhei.  aa  p.  as,  fiat  pulvis.  Ph.  P.) 
Dose,  9j  to  3j. 

Pulvis  Hydragogus,  P.  e  gummi  gutta — p. 
Hydrargyri  cinereus,  see  Hydrargyri  oxydum 
cinereum — p.  Hypnoticus,  Hydrargyri  sulphu- 
retum  nigrum — p.  lmperatoris,  P.  cinnamomi 
compositus — p.  Incisivus,  P.  de  sulphure  et 
scilla — p.  Pro  infantibus,  P.  de  magnesia  com- 
pos.— p.  Infantum,  P.  de  magnesia  compos. — 
p.  Infantum  antacidus,  P.  de  magnesia  com- 
positus. 

Pulvis  Ipecacuanha  Compositus,  P.  alexi- 
te'rius,  P.  anod'ynus,  P.  diaphorel'icus,  P.  diap- 
no'icus,  P.  sudorif'icus  Dovefri,  Compound  pow- 
der of  Ipecacuanha,  P.  Ipecacuanha  et  Opii,  (Ph. 
U.  S.,)  Dover's  Powder,  (F.)  Poudre  de  Dover  on 
d' ipecacuanha  et  d'opium,  P.  de  Dower.  (Ipeca- 
cuanh.  pulv.,  opii  pulv.,  sing  ^j,  potassx  sulphat. 
§j.  Mix.)     Diaphoretic.     Dose,  gr.  v  to  gr.  xij. 

Pulvis  Ipecacuanh/e  et  Opii,  P.  ipecacu- 
anhas compos. 

Pulvis  Jalapa  Compositus,  P.  Diatu/pethi 
compositus,  Compound  Powder  of  Jalap,  Pulvis 
laxans,  P.  Purgans,  P.  laxati'vus  vegetab'ilis,  P. 
laxans  cum  salt,  P.  Jalap' se  salinus,  P.j.  tattar1- 
icus,  Spe'cies  Diajalapx,  (F.)  Poudre  de  jalap 
composte.  (Pulv.  jalap.  Sj,  potass,  bitart.  ^ij. 
Mix.)     Cathartic.     Dose,  gj  to  gij. 

Pulvis  Jalapje  Salinus,  P.  jalapas  composi- 
tus— p.  Jalapse  tartaricus,  P.  jalapas  compositus 
— p.  de  Jalapa  et  scammonio  compositus,  P. 
scammoneas  comp.  —  p.  Jamesii,  Antimonial 
powder — p.  Jesuiticus,  Cinchona — p.  Joannis 
de  Vigo,  Hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydum. 

Pulvis  Kino  Compositus,  Compound  Powder 
of  kino,  (F.)  Poudre  de  kino  composee,  (Kino 
gxv,  cort.  cinnam.  giv,  opii  duri  gj.  Rub  each 
to  powder,  and  mix.  Ph.  L.)  Astringent.  Dose, 
gr.  v  to  xx. 

Pulvis  Laxans,  P.  jalapas  compositus— p. 
Laxans  cum  sale,  P.  jalapa?  compositus — p.  Lax- 
ativus  vegetabilis,  P.  jalapas  compositus. 

Pulvis  de  Magne'sia  Compositus,  P.  Ga- 
lactopas'us,  P.  JVutri'cum,  P.  Infan'tum,  P.  In- 
fantum anlac''idus,  P.  pro  Infan'tibus,  P.  antiac"- 
idus,  P.  absor'bens,  P.  epilep'licus  Marchio'num, 
Compound  powder  of  Magne/sia,  (F.)  Poudre 
absorbante  el  anti-ac.ide.  (Magnesia:,  sacchar. 
aa  p.  as.  Mix.     Ph.  P.) 

Pulvis  Mantuanus,  P.  contrayervse  comp. — 
p.  Marchionis,  M.  Pulvis — p.  Mercurialis  cine- 
reus, Hydrargyri  oxidum  cinereum — p.  ad  Mu- 
cum  pulmonalem  liberius  ciendum,  P.  de  sul- 
phure et  scilla. 

Pulvis  Myrrhs  Compositus,  P.  e  Myrrha 
compositus,  Compound  Myrrh  Powder,  Pulvis  ad 
ul'cera  tendinum,  P.  Emmenago' gus,  (F.)  Pou- 
dre Ba/samique,  (Myrrhx,  sabinse,  rulx,  castor. 
Russ.  aa  3J.)  A  stimulant,  antispasmodic,  and 
emmenagogue.     Dose,  gr.  xv  to  xl. 

Pulvis  Nitricu-t,  P.  de  magnesia  composi- 
tus—  p.  Opiatus,  P.  cornu  usti  cum  opio — p. 
Oxydi  stibii  compositus,  P.  cornachini — p.  Par- 
turiens,  Ergot — p.  de  Phosphate  calcis  et  stibii 
compositus,  Antimonial  powder — p.  Principis, 
Hydrargyri    nitrico-oxydum— p.    Purgans,   P. 


PULVIS  QUERCUS  MARINES 


G33 


PUN1CA  GRANATUM 


Jalaps  compositus — p.  Quercetanus,  Hydrar- 
gyri  subrnurias, 

Pulvis  Quercus  Marine,  Poicder  of  Yellow 
Bladder- Wrack.  (The  wrack  in  fruit,  dried, 
cleaned,  exposed  to  a  red  heat  in  a  crucible 
with  a  perforated  lid,  and  then  reduced  to  pow- 
der. Pit.  D.)  Virtues  dependent  on  iodine: 
used  consequently,  in  bronchocele,  &c.  Dose, 
gr.  x  to  xl. 

Pulvis  Quercus  Marine,  see  Fucus  vesicu- 
losa. 

Pulvis  Scammo'neje  Compositus,  Compound 
Powder  of  Scammony,  Pulvis  e  Scammonio  com- 
positus, Pulvis  iScammonii,  Pulvis  de  Jalapa  et 
Scammo'nio  compositus  dictus  Cathar 'ticus ,  (F.) 
Poudrc  cathartique  ou  Poudre  de  Scammonce 
composee.  (Scammon.,  ext.  jalap,  dur.,  sing., 
^ij,  zingib.  rad.  Sss.  Rub  separately  to  a  pow- 
der and  mix.  Ph.  L.)  Cathartic.  Dose,  gr. 
viij  to  gr.  xv. 

Pulvis  Scammonit  cum  Aloe,  P.  e  Scammo- 
nio cum  Aloe,  Scammony  and  Aloes  Powder. 
(Scammon.  Zvj,  ext.  jalap,  dur.,  aloes  Sucotr.  aa 
3jiss,  zing.  ^ss.     Cathartic.     Dose,  gr.  x.  to  xv. 

Pulvis  Scammonii  Antimonialis,  P.  corna- 
chini.  i 

Pulvis  Senk*  Compositus,  Compound  pow- 
der of  Senna,  Pulvis  e  Sena  compositus,  P.  e 
Senna  compositus,  Pulvis  Diase'nce,  (F.)  Poudre 
de  send  composde.  (Sennse  folior.,  potass,  su- 
pertart.,  sing,  gij,  scammon.  ^ss,  rad.  zingib. 
gij.   Ph.  L.)      Cathartic,  hydragogue.      Dose, 

«3J  t0  3i- 

Pulvis  de  Senna,  Scammonio  et  Lignis 
Compositus  dictus  Antiarthrit'icus  Purgans, 
(F.)  Poudre  de  Perard.  (Gum  Arab.,  potass, 
supertart.,  foL  senna;,  china,  aa  4  p.,  scammon., 
rad.  sarsapar.,  chinse,  guaiac.  lign.  aa.  2  p.,  fiat 
pulvis.  Ph.  P.)  Purgative.  Used  to  obviate 
gout.     Dose,  &j. 

Pulvis  Stanni,  see  Tin — p.  Sternutatorius, 
P.  asari  compositus — p.  Stibiatus,  Antimonial 
powder  —  p.  Stypticus,  P.  Sulphatis  alumina; 
compositus — p.  Sudorificus,  P.  ipecacuanhas 
comp. — p.  Sudorificus  Doveri,  P.  ipecacuanhae 
compositus. 

Pulvis  Sulpha'tis  Alu'min/e  Compositus, 
P.  alumino'sus,  P.  alu'minis  kinosa'tus,  Pulvis 
styp'ticus,  Pulvis  aluminis  compositus,  Alumen 
kinosa'tum,  Compound  Alum  Powder,  (F.)  Pou- 
drc styptique  ou  d'alun  composde.  (Sulphatis 
alumina,  p.  iv.  kino,  p.  1,  Ph.  E.)  Astringent. 
In  intestinal  hemorrhage  and  diarrhoea.  Dose, 
gr.  x.  to  xv. 

Pulvis  de  Sul'phure  et  Scilla,  P.  Anti- 
asthmat'icus,  P.  incisi'vus,  P.  ad  mucum  pulmo- 
na'lem  libe'rius  cien'dum,  (F.)  Poudre  incisive 
ou  anti-aslhmalique.  (Sacchar.  alb.  p.  3,  sul- 
phur, lot.  p.  2,  scilke.  siccat.  p.  j.  Ph.  P.)  Dose, 
gr.  v.  to  gss. 

Pulvis  de  Sulpha'te  Potas's^Compos'itus, 
P.  tem'perans  Stah'lii,  (F.)  Poudre  temperavte 
de  Stahl.  (Potass,  sulph.  et  nitrat.  aa  9  p.,  hy- 
drarg.  sulph.  rubr.  2  p.  Mix.  Ph.  P.)  As  an 
antiphlogistic,  and  in  acidity  of  the  first  pas- 
sagos.     Dose,  5j  to  Qij. 

Pulvis  e  Sulphuke'to  Hydrar'gyri  Nigro 
et  Scammo'nio  dictus  Vekmif'ugus  Mercu- 
iua'lis,  (F.)  Poudre  vermifuge  mercuriclle. 
(Pulv.  cornachin.,  lujdrurg.  svlphvret.  nigr.  re- 
cent, praep.,  aa  p.  ae.  Mix.  Ph.  P.)  Dose,  £)j 
to  2ss. 

Pulvis  Svmpatheticcs,  Sympathetic  pow- 
41 


der — p.  Temperans  Stahlii,  P.  de  sulphate  po- 
tassae  compositus — p.  Terrestris,  P.  cretse  com- 
positus. 

Pulvis  Tragacan'thje  Compos'itcs,  Species 
Diatragacan'thx  frig'idae,  Pulvis  eTragacan'thd, 
compositus,  Compound  Powder  of  Tragacanth, 
(F.)  Poudre  de gommc  adragant  composee.  (Tra- 
gacanth. coutus.,acacisegummicont.,amyli,sing. 
t^iss.  sacch.  purif  v^iij..  Ph.  L.)  Demulcent. 
In  coughs,  &c.     Dose,  ^ss  to  giij. 

Pulvis  de  Tribus,  P.  cornachini — p.  Tun- 
quinensis,  P.  Cobbii — p.  ad  Ulcera  tendinum,  P. 
myrrhrje  compositus — p.  Vermifugus  absque 
mercurio,  Pulvis  ex  helminthocorto  comp. — p. 
Vermifugus  mercurialis,  P.  e  sulphureto  hy- 
drargyri  nigro  et  scammonio — p.  Vitee  Impera- 
loris,  P.  cinnamomi  compositus. 

PUMEX,  Pumice,  (F.)  Pierre  Ponce.     This 
was  formerly  employed   as  a  desiccative   and 
dentifrice. 
PUMICE,  Pumex. 
PUMILIO,  Nanus. 
PUMILUS,  see  Nanus. 
PUNA,   Veta,  Sorocco.    A  sickness  common 
in   the   elevated    districts   of  South    America, 
which  attacks  those  unaccustomed  to  breathe 
the  rarefied  atmosphere.     It  strongly  resembles 
sea-sickness,  with  a  most  acute  and  depressing 
throbbing  in  the  head.     It  does  not  often  affect 
the  respiration  considerably. 
PUjYAISE,  Cimex. 
PUAA1SIE,  Owena. 

P  UNCH,  Rhi'zagra,  from  pungere,  l  to  prick.' 
Repu/so'rium,  (F.)  Repoussoir.  A  surgical  in- 
strument used  for  extracting  the  stumps  of 
teeth.    See  Lever. 

PUNCTA  OSSIFICATIONIS,  Ossification, 
points  of. 
PUNCTiE  MUCOSAE,  see  Acne. 
PUNCTICULjE,  Petechia;. 
PUNCTIO,  Paracentesis, 
PUNCTUM   AU'REUM,   Punctu'ra   aurea. 
Formerly,  when  an  intestinal   hernia  was  re- 
duced,— by  an  incision  made  through  the  inte- 
guments down  to  the  upper  part  of  the  sperma- 
tic vessels,  a  golden  wire  was  fixed  and  twisted. 
so  as  to  prevent  the  descent  of  any  thing  down, 
the  tunica  vaginalis. 

Punctum  Sa'liens.  The  first  point  which 
makes  its  appearance  after  the  fecundation  of 
the  germ.  It  has  been  generally  but  errone- 
ously applied  to  the  heart  of  the  embryo. 

PUNCTURA,  Paracentesis— p.  Aurea,  Punc- 
tum aureum. 

PUNCTURE,  Punctu'ra,  from  pungere,  't»< 
prick;'  Tresis  Punctura,  (F.)  Piqure.  A  wound 
made  by  a  pointed  instrument,  as  a  sword; 
bayonet,  needle,  thorn,  &c.  A  puncture  is 
generally,  of  trifling  consequence;  but,  some- 
limes,  it  becomes  important  from  the  part  con- 
cerned, or  injury  done  to  some  nerve. 

PUNCTURING.  Same  etymon.  Com- 
punc'tia,  Puracente'sis,  (F.)  Ponction.  The  ope- 
ration of  opening,  by  means  of  a  trocar,  lancet, 
&c,  any  natural  or  accidental  cavity;  with 
the  view  of  evacuating  any  fluid,  effused  or  ac- 
cumulated therein.  Paracentesis  is  a  sort  of 
puncturing. 

PUNGENT,  (F.)  Pongitif.  Pain  is  said  to 
be  pungent,  when  it  seems  as  if  a  pointed  in- 
strument were  forced  into  the  suffering  part. 

PU'NICA  GRANATUM.  The  Pomegra'- 
nate,  Rhoa,  go«,  Rhcea,  eoia,  Grana'tum,  Malo- 


PUNK 


634 


PUS 


granu'lwn,  (F.)  Grenadier:  Family,  Myrtoiderc. 
•Sex.  Syst.  Icosandria  Monogynia.  The  rind  of 
the  fruit,  called  Mulicho'rium,  Malacorium,  or 
Malicorium ,-  and  the  flowers — called  Bulaustine 
flowers — are  used  in  medicine.  They  have  been 
employed  both  internally  and  externally  as  as- 
tringents. The  seeds  are  called  Cocco'nes, 
xoxxwrsf.  The  portion,  however,  of  the  plant, 
that  has  attained  most  celebrity,  is  the  bark  of 
the  root,  Grana'ti  Radi'cis  Cortex,  which  appears 
to  be  very  efficacious  in  taenia.  It  is  given  in 
decoction,  (Granat.  rad.  cort.  ^ij;  Aquce  Oij.) 
boiled  to  Oiss.  Dose,  f.  t^ij.  every  half  hour. 
Three  or  four  doses  are  usually  sufficient  to  ex- 
pel the  worm. 

The  bark  contains  a  peculiar  matter  called 
Grenadin. 
PUNK,  Boletus  igniarius. 
PUOGENIA,  Pyogenia. 

PUPIL,  Pupil'la,  Pu'pula,  Fupil'io,  Vis'io, 
CorE,  Cora,  Rhox,  Fene'sira  seu  Nigrum  seu 
For  a' mm  Oc'uli,  Prunell'a,  Lumen,  Sight  of  the 
eye,  (F.)  Pupille,  Prunelle.  The  aperture  of  the 
iris,  through  which  the  rays  of  light  pass,  that 
have  to  impress  the  image  of  an  object  on  the 
retina.  This  aperture  can  be  dilated  or  con- 
tracted so  as  to  allow  a  greater  or  smaller  quan- 
tity ofluminous  rays  to  penetrate.  The  pupil, 
in  man,  is  round,  and  by  it  the  anterior  and 
posterior  chambers  of  the  eye  communicate 
with  each  other.  In  the  fcetus,  during  the  first 
six  months  of  gestation,  it  is  closed  by  the  pu- 
pillary membrane. 

Pupil,  Closure  of  the,  Synezizis. 
PUPILL^E  VELUM,  Pupillary  membrane. 
PUPILLARIS  HERBA,  Lapsana. 
PU'PILLARY,  Pupilla'ris.    That  which  be- 
longs to  the  pupil. 

Pupillary  Membrane,  Membra'na  Pupilla'ris, 
Pupil'lm  velum,  Membra'na  Wachendorjia'na. 
The  central  aperture  of  the  iris  is  closed,  in  the 
fcetus,  during  a  certain  period  of  gestation,  by 
a  very  thin  membrane.  It  disappears  in  the 
seventh  month. 
PUPPET  ROOT,  Veratrum  viride. 
PUPULA,  Pupil. 

PU'PUL^E.  The  pulps  or  extremities  of  the 
fingers. 

PURBLINDNESS,  Myopia. 
PURGAMENTA,  Excrement— p.  Alba,  Leu- 
corrhcea — p.  Infantis,  Meconium — p.  Puerperii, 
Lochia. 

PURGATIO,  Catharsis— p.  Alvi,  Catharsis 
— p.  Muliebris  alba,  Leucorrhcea — p.  Puerperii, 
Lochia. 

PURGATIONES,  Menses  — p.  Menstruce, 
Menses. 
PURGATIONS,  Menses. 
PUR'GATIVE,  Purgati'vus,  Purgans,  Moch'- 
licus,  Cutoret'icus,  Catoter'icus,  Cathar'tic,  (q.  v.) 
(F.)  Purgatif,  from  purgare,  'to  cleanse.'  A 
medicine  which  operates  more  powerfully  on 
the  bowels  than  a  laxative,  stimulating  the 
muscular  coat,  and  exciting  increased  secretion 
from  the  mucous  coat. 

PURGE  ROOT,  Euphorbia  corollata. 
PU'RIFORM,  Puriform'is;   from  pus,  and 
forma.     That  which  has  the  appearance  of  pus. 
PURO- HEPATITIS,  see  Hepatitis. 
PURPLES,  Purpura  ha;morrhagica. 
PUR'PURA,  Por'phyra,  'a  purple  colour.' 
This  word  has  been  employed  in  many  senses. 
It  generally  means,  livid  spots  on  the  skin  from 


extravasated  blood,  with  languor  and  loss  of 
muscular  strength,  pains  in  the  limbs. — (F.) 
Pourpre. 

In  Purpura  Simp/ex,  Porphyra  simplex,  Pete- 
chia, sine  febrS,  Phamig'mus  Petechia' lis,-  Pro- 
fu'sie  sulicula'nea,  Pete'ehial  Scurvy,  the  spots 
are  numerous,  but  small  and  flea-bite-shaped; 
chiefly  on  the  breast,  arms,  and  legs;  with  pale- 
ness of  countenance. 

In  Purpura  Hsemorrhag"ica,  Porphyra  hse- 
morrliagica,  Stomac'acS  universalis,  Hxmorrha'  - 
gia  universalis,  Petechian' osis,  Morbus  maculosus 
hcemorrhag"icus  Werlhofli,  Pelio'sis,  Hxmorrha^a 
petechia'lis  or  Land  Scurvy,  Purples,  (F.)  Scor- 
but,  S.  de  Terre,  Maladie  de  Werlhof,  Hemaceli- 
nose.  Peliose — the  spots  are  circular,  and  of  dif- 
ferent sizes;  often  in  stripes  or  patches,  irregu- 
larly scattered  over  the  thighs, arms,  and  trunk; 
with  occasional  hemorrhage  from  the  mouth, 
nostrils,  or  viscera,  and  great  debility  and  de- 
pression of  spirits. 

In  Purpura  Nau'tica,  Porphyra  nautica,  Scor- 
butus, Pechytyr'be,  Gingibra'chium,  Gingipe'- 
dium,  Scelotyr'bS,  Stomac'ace,  Scorbu'tus  nuu'- 
ticus  or  Sea  scurvy,  (F.)  Scorbut,  there  are  spots, 
•of  different  hues,  intermixed  with  the  livid, 
principally  at  the  roots  of  the  hair;  the  teeth 
are  loose;  the  gums  are  spongy  and  bleeding; 
the  breath  is  fetid,  and  the  debility  universal 
and  extreme.  This  occurs  chiefly  at  sea,  after 
exposure  to  a  moist,  cold,  foul  atmosphere;  with 
long  use  of  animal  food  and  stagnant  water. 

All  these  varieties  of  purpura  resemble  each 
other  considerably.  In  the  first  two,  however, 
there  seems,  at  times,  to  be  some  excitement, 
which  has  led  to  the  employment  of  purgatives, 
and  even  of  bleeding,  with  advantage.  They 
are  dependent  upon  a  peculiar  diathesis,  which 
has  been  termed  Scorbu'tic  Cachex'ia,  Lves 
Scorbutica,  and  Cacochym'ia  Scorbutica.  Ge- 
nerally speaking,  the  use  of  the  mineral  acids 
will  be  indicated;  and,  in  sea  scurvy,  vege- 
table acids  must  be  regarded  as  the  best  anti- 
scorbutics. Nitre  is,  also,  a  good  antiscorbutic, 
and  in  cases  of  great  prostration  it  may  be 
united  with  Peruvian  bark  or  turpentine.  Ta- 
marinds and  cream  of  tartar,  made  into  drink, 
are  also  serviceable.  But  the  great  remedy 
is  change  from  low  to  cheerful  spirits;  from 
filth  to  cleanliness;  and  from  a  cold  and  damp, 
to  a  temperate  and  dry,  climate,  with  change 
of  food. 

The  general  principles  of  management  are 
the  same  in  sea,  as  in  land  scurvy. 

Purpura,  Scarlatina  —  p.  Alba  benigna  et 
maligna,  Miliary  fever — p.  Miliaris,  Miliary  fe- 
ver— p.  Puerperarurn,  Miliary  fever — p.  Urti- 
cata,  Urticaria. 

PURPURISSUM,  Hydrargyri  sulphuretum 
rubrutn. 

PURSE,  Scrotum. 

PURSLAIN,  Portulaca— p.  Milk,  Euphorbia 
corollata — p.  Water,  Veronica  beccahunga. 

PURSINESS,  Dyspna'a  pinguedino'sa,  (F.) 
Pousse.  Short-windedness,  generally  accompa- 
nied by  oppressive  fatness. 

PU'RULENT,  Purulen'lus,  Em'pyos,  Pyo'des. 
That  which  has  the  character  of  pus,  or  con- 
sists of  pus;  as  purulent  matter,  a  purulent  col- 
lection, &c. 

PURULENTIA,  Suppuration. 

PURVAIN,  Verbena  officinalis. 

PUS,  Matter,  Humor  purulen'tus,  Pyon.     A 


PUS  CORROSIVUM 


G35 


PYORRHCEA 


secretion  from  inflamed  textures, and  especially 
from  the  cellular  membrane.  It  is,  almost  al- 
ways, of  the  same  nature,  whatever  may  be  the 
part  it  proceeds  from.  Pus  of  a  good  quality, — 
laudable  pus, —  (F.)  Pus  louabte,  is  of  a  yellow- 
ish-white colour,  opake,  inodorous,  and  of  a 
creamy  appearance.  Heat,  acids,  and  alcohol 
coagulate  it.  When  analyzed  by  Schwilgue, 
it  afforded  albumen  and  water,  a  particular  ex- 
tractive substance,  and  a  small  quantity  of  soda, 
phosphate  of  lime,  and  other  salts. 

Pus  Corrosivum,  Sanies — p.  Malignum, 
Ichor — p.  Malignum,  Sanies. 

PUSILLA'TUM,  Pusula'tum,  from  pusillus, 
'  small.'     A  coarse  powder. 

PUSTULA  ARDENS,  Eczema- p.  Oris, 
Aphtha;. 

Pustuls  Sice.*,  Lichen. 
PUSTULE  MA  LI  ONE,  see  Anthrax. 
Pustule,  Pus'tula,  from  pus:  Ecpye'sis,  Ec- 
thyma, Benatk,  BuLS,  Epanus' tasis.  An  eleva- 
tion of  the  cuticle,  with  an  inflamed  base  con- 
taininij  pus.  Willan  and  Bateman  reckon  four 
varieties  of  pustules;  Phlyza'cium,  Psydra'- 
cium,  Achor  and  Favus.  The  variolous  pustule 
is  often  called,  by  the  French,  Grain;  by  us, 
Pock. 

PUSULATUM,  Pusillatum. 
PUTREDO,  Hospital   gangrene,  Putrefac- 
tion. 

PUTREFACTION,  Putrefac'tio,  Putrescent - 
tia,  Sepsis,  Putrid  fermenta'tion,  Putrcfac'tive 
fermenla'tion,  from  puiris,  putre,  '  rotten,'  and 
facere,  'to  make.'  A  decomposition,  experi- 
enced by  animal  substances,  when  deprived  of 
life  and  placed  under  particular  substances.  The 
presence  of  water  is  indispensable.  The  tempe- 
rature most  favourable  to  it,  is  from  60°  to  90° 
of  Fahrenheit.  The  most  common  products  of 
putrefaction  are  water,  carbonic  acid,  acetic 
acid,  ammonia,  carburetted  hydrogen,  and  a 
semi-putrid  substance,  which  is  volatilized  and 
has  an  infected  odour.  It  has  been  supposed 
that  something  like  putrefaction  may  occur  in 
the  living  body;  as  in  case  of  putrid  fever.  To 
this  condition,  Piorry  has  .given  the  name  Ty- 
phoha'mia,  conceiving  it  to  be  owing  to  altera- 
tion of  the  blood  by  putrid  animal  matters.  Pu- 
trefaction signifies  the  state  of  becoming  putrid: 
whilst  putridity,  Putre'do,  Putrid'itas,  (F.)  Pour- 
rilure  is  the  state  of  rottenness. 

PUTRESCENTS,  Putrefaction— p.  Uteri 
gravidi,  Hyslero-malacia. 

PUTRID,  Pu'tridus,  (F.)  Putride,  from  pu- 
trere,  'to  rot,'  Sapros.    An  epithet  for  some  af- 
fections, in  which  the  matters  excreted  and  the 
transpiration  itself  exhale  a  smell  of  putridity. 
It  is  particularly  applied  to  typhus. 
PUTRIDITAS,  Putrefaction. 
PUTRIDITY,  Putrefaction. 
PUTRILA'GO,  (F.)  Putrilage.     Same  ety- 
mon.   The  pultaceous  matter  or  slough,  which 
forms  in  certain  gangrenous  and  other  ulcers, 
and  is  thrown  off. 

PUTZOCHILL,  see  Myroxylon  Peruiferum. 
PYCNOTICA,  Incrassantia. 
PYELITIS,  from  nvtlo?,  'pelvis,'  and  His, 
denoting  inflammation.     Inflammation  of  the 
pelvis  and  calices  of  the  kidney. 

PYELONEPHRITIS,  from  nvilo;,  'pelvis,' 
rufoo;,  'kidney,'  and  ids,  denoting  inflamma- 


tion.   Inflammation  of  the  kidney  and  of  the 
pelvis  and  calices. 
PYELOS,  Pelvis. 
PYESIS,  Suppuration. 

PYGODID'YMUS,  Did'ymus  symphyoperi- 
nee'us,  Pygop'ages;  from  nvyi,  'the  nates,'  and 
<J<<5u/uoc,  'a  twin.'      A    monstrosity,   in   which 
twins  are  united  by  the  sacrum  and  coccyx. 
PYGOPAGES,  Pygodidymus. 
PYLE,  Porta. 

PYLEMPHRAX'IS,  from  nvXr,,  'porta,'  <a 
gate,'  and  ttapoali?,  'obstruction.'  Obstruction 
of  the  vena  porta?. 

PYLORIC,  Pylor'icus.  Same  etymon  as  py- 
lorus. That  which  relates  to  the  pylorus.  An 
epithet  given  to  different  parts. 

Pyloric  Artery,  Arte'ria  Corona'ria  dex- 
tra,  (F.)  Petite  artere  gastrique  droite,  arises 
from  the  hepatic,  and  is  distributed  to  the  py- 
lorus and  to  the  lesser  curvature  of  the  stomach , 
anastomosing,  particularly,  with  the  A.  coro- 
naria  ventriculi  and  A.  gastro-epiplo'i'ca  dextra. 
Pyloric  Vein  follows  the  same  distribution 
as  the  artery. 

PYLO'RUS,  Jan'itor,  Porlona'rium;  from 
nvlt],  'a  gate,'  and  ovoog,  'a  guardian;'  Ostium 
ventric'u/i  duodena'le  seu  pyior'icum  seu  dex- 
trum  seu  inferius,  Orificium  deztrum  seu  inft- 
rius  seu  Egres'sus  seu  Os  inft'rius  seu  Annu'- 
lus  seu  Sphincter  ventri'culi,  Ostia'rius,  Hostic/- 
rias,  (F.)  Pylore.  The  lower  or  right  orifice  of 
the  stomach ;—  Orifice  intestinal,  (Ch.):  called 
Pylorus,  because  it  closes  the  entrance  into  the 
intestinal  canal,  and  is  furnished  with  a  circular, 
flattened,  fibro-mucous  ring,  which  occasions 
the  total  closure  of  the  stomach  during  diges- 
tion in  that  organ.  This  ring  has  been  called 
the  Valve  of  the  Pylorus,  Sphincter  Pylori,  (F.) 
Valvule  du  pylore.  It  is  a  fold  of  the  mucous 
and  muscular  membranes  of  the  stomach;  and 
is  the  Pyloric  muscle  of  some  authors. 

PYOCHEZ'IA,  from  nvov,  'pus,'  and  xttw, 
'I  go  to  stool.'  Discharge  of  pus  by  stool.  Pu- 
rulent diarrhoea. 

PYOCGE'LIA,  from  nvov,  'pus,'  and  xoiXia, 
'  the  belly.'     Pus  in  the  abdominal  cavitv. 

PYODES,  Purulent. 

PYOEM'ESIS,  from  nvov,  'pus,'  and  iitiotc, 
'  the  act  of  vomiting.'     Vomiting  of  pus. 

PYOGEN'IA,  Puogen'ia,-  from  nvov,  '  pus,' 
and  ytrsoig,  '  generation.'  Generation  of  pus. 
The  theory  or  mechanism  of  the  formation  of 
pus.  Some  have  believed,  that  pus  is  formed 
in  the  arterial  system,  and  is  deposited,  by  way 
of  excretion,  in  the  inflamed  part;  others,  that 
it  is  formed  by  the  destruction  of  solid  parts. 
These  opinions  are,  however,  inadmissible;  and 
pus  is  now  regarded  as  the  product  of  a  parti- 
cular secretion  in  the  diseased  part. 

PYOGEN'IC,  Pyogen'icus;  same  etymon. 
Having  relation  to  the  formation  of  pus. 

PYOH^'MIA,  from  nvov,  'pus,'  and  'atpa, 
'blood.'     Alteration  of  the  blood  by  pus. 

PYOMETRA,  from  nvov,  'pus,'  and  ,i<»;ro«, 
'  womb.'     A  collection  of  pus  in  the  uterus. 

PYON,  Pus. 

PYOKllPHRITE,  see  Nephritis. 

PYOPHTHALMUS,  Hypopyon. 

PYOPLEURITE,  Empyema. 

PYOPTYSIS,  from  nvov,  'pus,'  and  nrvo. 
'I  spit.'     Spitting  of  pus. 

PYORRHCE'A,  from  nvov,  'pus,'  and  ottn, 
'  I  flow.'     A  discharge  of  pus. 


PYORRHCEA  URINALIS 


636 


PYROSIS 


Pyorrhea  Uiiinalis,  Pyuria. 
PYOSIS,  Hypopyon,  Pterygion,  Suppuration 
— p.  Pectoris,  Empyema. 
PYOTHORAX   VERUS,  Empyema. 
PYOTORRHtiE,  Otorrhoea. 
PYOTURIA,  Pyuria. 
PYR,  Fever. 

PYRA  CRUSTUMINA,  Crustuminatum— 
p.  Crustumerina,  Crustuminatum. 

PYR'AMID,  Pyr'amis,  Eminen'tia  pyrami- 
da'lis  tym'pani,  from  nvq,  '  flame,'  which  has  a 
conical  appearance.  (?)  A  small,  bony  projec- 
tion in  the  cavity  of  the  tympanum,  which  is 
excavated,  to  lodge  the  muscle  of  the  stapes. 
Also,  the  Centre-pin  of  the  trephine. 
Pyramid,  see  Calumba. 

PYRAMIDAL  DE  L  ABDOMEN,  Pyrami- 
dalis  abdominis — p.  de  la  cuisse,  Pyramidalis — 
p.  du  Nez,  Pyramidalis  nasi — p.  Stapcdien,  Sta- 
pedius. 

PYRAMID  ALE,  (OS,)  Cuneiform,  (bone.) 
PYRAMIDA'LIS  ABDOM'INIS,  Musculus 
Fallo'pii  vel  succenturia'tus  vel  auzilia'rius, 
Pubio-ow.bilu.al,  Pubiosous-ombilical,  (Ch.,)  (F.) 
Pyramidal  de  V abdomen.  A  small,  fleshy  pyra- 
midal fasciculus,  whose  existence  is  not  con- 
stant; and  which  is  inserted,  by  its  base,  into 
the  upper  part  of  the  pubis,  and  terminates,  by 
its  summit,  at  the  inferior  part  of  the  linea  alba. 
"When  it  contracts  it  stretches^  the  linea  alba. 

Pyfamida'lis,  P.  Fem'oris,  Sacro-trochante- 
rien,  (Ch.)  Jli'acus  exle/nus,  Pyriform'is,  Piri- 
formis, Primus  et  superior  quadrigem'inus,  (F.) 
Pyramidal  de  la  cuisse.  A  flat,  triangular  mus- 
cle, situate  at  the  posterior  part  of  the  pelvis. 
By  its  base,  it  is  attached  to  the  anterior  surface 
of  the  sacrum;  to  the  corresponding  surface  of 
the  great  sacro-sciatic  ligament  and  to  the  pos- 
terior part  of  the  ilium.  It  terminates  by  a 
tendon,  which  is  attached  to  the  inner  surface 
of  the  great  trochanter.  This  muscle  is  a  ro- 
tator of  the  thigh  outwards,  or  of  the  pelvis  in 
an  opposite  direction. 

Pyramidalis  Femoris,  Pyramidalis. 

Pyramida'lis  Nasi,  Proc"erus  nasi,  JVasnm 
dila'tans,  Fronlo-nasal,  (Ch.,)  (F.)  Pyramidal 
du  nez.  It  is  thin,  triangular,  and  has  its  sum- 
mit upwards.  Above,  it  is  continuous  with  the 
occipito-frontalis.  It  descends  vertically  before 
the  root  of  the  nose,  on  which  it  terminates; 
becoming  confounded  with  the  trajisversalis. 
This  muscle  wrinkles  the  skin  of  the  root  of 
the  nose  transversely,  and  stretches  that  which 
covers  the  tip. 

PYRAMIDES  AJVT3RIEURES,  Corpora 
pyramidalia — p.  Malpighiance,  Papilla?  of  the 
kidney — p.  Posterieurcs  du  cervelet,  Corpora 
restiformia. 

PYRAMIDS  OF  W1STAR,  Sphenoidal 
cornua. 

PYR  A  MIS,  Penis— p.  Trigona,  see  Tem- 
poral bone. 

PYRC^EA,Incendium. 

PYREC'TlCA,'febrile;'from7iv(?tToc,'fever.' 
Fevers:  the  first  order  in  the  class  Hxmatica, 
of  Good. 

PYRENOIDES,  Odontoid. 

PYRkTHRE,  Anthemis  pyrethrum. 

PYRETOL'OGY,  Pyretolog"ia;  from  nxjot- 
toc,  'fever,'  and  \oyog,  'a  discourse.'  Pyrol'- 
ogy.  A  treatise  on  fevers.  A  title  sometimes 
given  to  a  monograph  on  fever. 

PYRETHRUM,  Anthemis  pyrethrum— p. 


Parthenium,  Matricaria  parthenium— p.  Sylves- 
tre,  Achillea  ptarmica. 

PYRETICUS,  Febrifuo-e. 

PYRETOS,  Fever. 

PYREX'LE,  from  ttuo,  'fire.'  Febrile  dis- 
eases.    The  first  class  of  Cullen's  Nosology. 

PYRI  MARTIALES,  Ferrum  tartarizalum. 

PYRIA,  Fomentation. 

PYR1FORMIS,  Pyramidalis. 

PYRIPH'LEGES,  nvQup^yr,?,  from  nvq, 
'fire,'  and  tpxiyo},  'I  burn.'  One  who  has  a 
burning  fever. 

PYRMONT,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  A 
celebrated  mineral  spring,  on  the  Weser,  in 
Westphalia,  four  leagues  from  Hamelet.  The 
waters  are  tonic,  and  contain  chlorides  of  so- 
dium and  magnesium,  sulphates  of  soda  and 
magnesia,  and  carbonates  of  iron,  lime,  and 
magnesia  dissolved  in  carbonic  acid,  with  some 
resinous  principles.  It  is  a  highly  carbonated 
chalybeate. 

Artificial  Pyrmont  WATERmay  be  formed 
of  Epsom  salt,  gr.  xv,  Common  salt,  gr.  v,  Mag- 
nesia, gr.  x,  Iron  filings,  gr.  v,  Water,  Oiij. 
Impregnated  with  the  gas  from  Marble  powder 
and  Sulphuric  acid,  aa  ,^vij. 

PYR'OLA,  P.rotundifo'lia,  Round-leaved  win- 
ter green.  Order,  Pyrolacea?.  This  plant  was 
once  used  as  a  gentle  astringent  and  tonic. 

Pyr'ola  Macula'ta,  Spotted  Pipsissewa, 
Whiteleaf,  White  Pipsisseway,  King  cure,  Ground 
holly,  Rheumatism  weed,  &c,  has  similar  proper- 
ties. 

Pyhola  Umbella'ta,  Chimaph'ila  vel  Chi- 
moph'ila  umbella'ta,  C.  Corymbo'sa,  Ground- 
holly,  Pipsissewa,  Wintergreen,  Rheumatism 
weed,  Herbe  a  pisser  (Canada.)  This  common 
American  plant  is  allied  to  the  uva  ursi,  in  bo- 
tanical as  well  as  medical  qualities.  It  is  tonic 
and  diuretic.  The  bruised  leaves  irritate  the 
skin. 

PYROLEUM  OSSIUM  RECTIFICATUM, 
Oleum  animate  Dippelii. 

PYROLIG'NEOUS  ACID,  Ac"idum  Pyro- 
ace'ticum,  A.  Ligni  pyro-oleo'sum,  A.  Ace'ticum 
empyreumat'icum,  A.  Lig'neum,  Pyrolig'nic 
Acid,  (F.)  Acide  Pyroligneux,  Vinaigre  de  bois. 
An  acid,  obtained  by  distillation,  from  wood, 
coal,  &c,  which  was  once  believed  to  be  of  a 
peculiar  character.  It  is  now  known  to  be 
formed  of  acetic  acid  and  an  empyreumatic  oil, 
from  which  it  may  be  freed;  and,  in  this  state, 
is  sold  in  commerce  for  Acetum  destil/atum. 
It  is  used  for  similar  purposes  as  distilled  vine- 
gar, and  for  preserving  animal  substances.  It 
has  also  been  used  as  an  antiseptic  in  gangrene 
and  sphacelus,  and  to  foul  ulcers;  wherever  in- 
deed creasote  is  indicated. — The  dose  of  the 
impure  pyroligneous  acid  internally  is  from  5 
to  30  drops,  three  or  four  times  a  day. 

PYROMA'NIA;  from  nvo,  '  fire,'  and  mania. 
Insanity,  with  an  irresistible  desire  to  destroy 
by  fire. 

PYROPH'AGUS,  Igniv'orus,  from  nvn, 
'fire,'  and  <payu>,  'I  eat.'  One  who  eats  fire. 
A  jujrgler,  who  eats  bodies  in  a  state  of  ignition. 

PYROS,  Triticum. 

PYRO' SIS,  from  nvo,  'fire,'  'the  act  of 
burning,'  Limo'sis  cardial' gia  sputato'ria,  Ar- 
dor stom'achi,  A.  Ventric'uli,  Cardialgia  sputa- 
toria,  Pyrosis  Sued'ica,  Apoceno' sis  vom'itus  py- 
rosis, Dyspep'sia  pyrosis,  Waterbrash,  Water 
qualm,  Blackwater,  (F.)  Ardeur  de  FEstomac, 


PYROSIS  SUECICA 


63? 


QUARANTINE 


Fer  chaud,  Cremason,  Soda,  Gorgosset.  This 
affection  consists  of  a  hot  sensation  in  the  sto- 
mach, with  eructations  of  an  acrid,  burning 
liquid,  that  causes  a  distressing  sensation  in 
the  parts  over  which  it  passes.  Attention  to 
diet,  and  the  use  of  bitter  absorbents,  will 
usually  relieve,  when  the  disease  is  functional. 
Occasionally,  it  is  symptomatic  of  organic  dis- 
ease of  the  stomach. 

Pyrosis  also  signified,  of  old,  inflammation, 
and  a  burn. 

Pyrosis  Suecica,  Pyrosis. 

PYROSOPHIA,  Chymistry. 

PYROTECHiNIA,  Chymistry. 

PYROTECH'NY,  Pyrotechne,  from  ttvo, 
'fire,'  and  rs/rtj,  'art.'  Art  of  making  fire- 
works, &c.  Also,  chymistry.  M.  Percy  has 
used  the  term  Pyrotechnic  Cldrurgicale  for  the 
ait  of  applying  fire  or  the  actual  cautery  in 
.surgery. 

PYROTHONIDE;  from  nvq,  'fire,'  and 
otloij;,  '  linen.'  Liquor  pyro-oleo'  sus  e  lin'teo  pa- 
ra'tus.  A  kind  of  pyrogenousorempyreumatic 
oil  produced  by  the  combustion  of  textures  of 
hemp,  linen,  or  cotton  in  a  copper  vessel.  The 
brown  product  is  acid.  Its  medical  properties 
probably  resemble  those  of  creasote.  Diluted 
with  three  or  four  times  its  weight  of  water,  it 
has  been  used  as  a  gargle  in  cynanche  tonsil- 
laris, but  is  not  now  employed. 

It  is  said,  also,  to  be  a  popular  remedy  for 
tooth  ache  and  skin  diseases.  When  prepared 
from  rags,  it  is  called  lag  oil;  when  from  paper, 
paper  oil. 

PYROT1CUS,  Caustic. 


PYRUS  CYDO'NIA.  The  Quince  Tree,  (F.) 
Coignassier.  Family,  Rosacea?.  Sex.  Syst.  Ico- 
sandria  Pentagynia.  The  fruit  is  termed  Cydo'- 
nium  Malum,  Malum  Canum,  Malum  coto'neum, 
Quince,  (F.)  Coign.  Quince  seeds  are,  some- 
times, used  in  decoction  (q.  v.)  as  a  demulcent. 
The  fruit  makes  a  pleasant  preserve. 

Pyrus  Malus,  Melea.  The  Apple  Tree,  (F.) 
Pommier.  Apples  are  an  agreeable  fruit,  when 
ripe.  When  unripe,  they  disagree,  especially 
with  those  of  weak  digestive  powers.  The 
same  may  be  said  of  the  pear :  the  fruit  of  the 
Pyrus  commu'nis,  Apios,  P.  Sorbus,  P.  Sativa, 
(V.)  Poirier.— Apple,  (F.)  Pomme.—'Pea.r,  (F.) 
Poire. 

Apple  Brandy  is  a  spirituous  liquor  obtained 
from  the  juice  of  the  apple,  and  much  used  in 
the  United  States. 

PYTISMA/Sputum,  Sperm. 

PYUL'CON,  from  nvov,  'pus,'  and  ltlx(o,  'I 
extract,'  (F.)  Tire-pus.  A  surgical  instrument 
for  extracting  pus  from  any  cavity.  Many 
pyulca  have  been  employed,  all  of  which  act  as 
exhausting  syringes. 

PYU'RIA,  Pyotu'ria,  Pyorrlice'a  urina'lis,  from 
nvov,  '  pus,'  and  ovnov,  '  urine.'  Discharge  of 
purulent  urine:  a  symptom  which  occurs  in 
many  diseases;  particularly  in  cases  of  renal 
calculi,  and  in  organic  affections  of  the  bladder. 

Pyuria  CiiYLosA,Chyluria — p.  Lactea,  Chy- 
luria — p.  Mucosa,  Cystirrhcea— p.  Serosa,  Cys- 
lirrhoea — p.  Viscida,  Cystirrhcea. 

PYXIS,  Tiv^tg.  A  box;  a  pili-box.  Also,  an 
emollient  ointment. — Aetius  and  Paulus. 

Pyxis,  Boite,  see  Cotyloid. 


Q. 


Q.  see  Abbreviation. 

QUABEBE,  Piper  cubeba. 

QUACK,  Charlatan. 

QUADRANS,  Quarta  pars  libra'.  A  quarter 
of  a  pound.    Three  ounces  (Troy.) 

QUADRANTAL,  Amphora. 

QUADRATUS,  Depressor  labii  inferioris— q. 
Dorsi,  Q.  lumborum. 

Quadra'tus  Fem'oris,  Quadratus, from  qua- 
dra, 'a  square;'  Quartus  quadrigem' inus  quad- 
ratus,  (Ch.)  Tuber- Isckio-t.rochanlerien,  Fschio- 
sous-trockantcrien,  (F.)  Carrt  de  la  Cui.ssc. 
A  muscle  situate  at  the  posterior  and  upper 
part  of  the  thigh.  It  is  thin,  flat,  and  quadri- 
lateral, and  is  attached  to  the  outer  part  of  the 
tuberosity  of  the  ischium;  whence  it  proceeds 
transversely  to  the  inferior  part  of  the  posterior 
margin  of  the  great  trochanter.  It  rotates  the 
limb,  turning  the  toe  outwards. 

Quadratus  Genje,  Flatysma  myoide3 — q. 
Radii,  Pronator  radii  quadratus. 

Quadratus  Ldmbo'rum,  Quadratus  seu  Lum- 
ba'ris  extcrnus;  llio-lumbi-costal  Flectens  par 
I  umbo' rutn,  Quadra'tus  dorsi,  llio-costal  (Ch.) 
(F.)  Carre dcs  lombes.  A  flat,  somewhat  thick, 
irregularly  quadrilateral  muscle,  situate  in  the 
loins,  at  the  sides  of  the  vertebral  column.  It 
is  attached,  below,  to  the  crista  ilii  and  ilio- 
lumbar ligament;  and  above,  to  the  inferior 
margin  of  the  last  rib;  and  besides,  to  the  base 
of  the  transverse  processes  of  the  last  four  lum- 
bar vertebra?.     This  muscle  inclines  the  loius 


to  its  side;  depresses  the  last  rib,  and  is  thus  a 
muscle  of  expiration.    It  can,  also,  raise  the  hip. 

QUADRIGEM'INA  TUBER'CULA,  Emi- 
nen'tix  Quadrigem'  inse,  Optic  Lobes,  Optic  Gan- 
glia, Pons  Syl'rii,  Cor'pora  quadrigem' ina, 
JYates  et  Testes,  (Ch.,)  Cor'pora  bigem' ina,  (F.) 
Tubercults  quadrijunitaux,  Imminences  bigcmine'es. 
Four  medullary  tubercles,  situate  at  the  poste- 
rior surface  of  the  tuber  annulare.  They  are 
white,  externally;  gray,  internally;  oblong; 
rounded;  connected  by  pairs,  and  separated  by 
two  grooves,  which  divide  them  crucially.  Of 
these  tubercles — the  superior,  called  nates, 
Tuber' 'cula  anterio' 'ra,Glutia,a.re  larger  and  more 
prominent  than  the  lower,  called  testes,  Tuber'- 
cula  poslerio'ra.  The  pineal  gland  corresponds 
exactly  to  the  point  of  intersection  of  the  two 
furrows  that  separate  them. 

QUADRIGEMINUS,  PRIMUS  ET  SUPE- 
RIOR, Pyramidalis  —  q.  Quadratus  quartus, 
Quadratus  femoris — q.  Secuudus  et  tertius,  Is- 
chio-trochanterianus. 

QUAHOIL,  Cacao. 

QUAIL,  Tetrao  coturnix. 

QUANDROS.  Ancient  name  for  a  precious 
stone,  believed  to  exist  in  the  brain  of  the  vul- 
ture; and  to  which  was  attributed  the  property 
of  augmenting  the  secretion  of  milk,  and  pre- 
serving from  deadly  accidents.  No  such  stone 
exists. 

QUARANTINE,  from  (I.)  Quaranti'na,-  itself 
from  quaranta,  '  forty,'  (F.)  Quaranlaine.     The 


QUARTAN 


638 


QUINIA,  SULPHATE  OF 


time  during  which  travellers,  returning  from 
a  country  where  the  plague  or  any  other  pesti- 
lential disease  exists,  are  compelled  to  remain 
on  board  ship  or  in  a  lazaretto.  They,  as  well 
as  the  ship,  are  said  'to  perform  quarantine! 
Quarantine  is,  sometimes,  extended  beyond 
forty  days,  whilst  its  duration  is  frequently 
much  less.  It  is  sometimes  enforced  by  land  ; 
for  example,  when  contagious  diseases  require 
the  establishment  of  cordons  sanitaires,  and 
when  persons  are  desirous  of  leaving  infected 
districts.  During  quarantine,  no  communica- 
tion is  allowed  between  the  travellers  and  the 
inhabitants  of  the  country.  Quarantine  is  a 
great  impediment  to  commerce;  and  is,  doubt- 
less, very  frequently  enforced  where  there  is 
but  little  danger  of  contagion.  The  evils,  how- 
ever, that  might  arise  from  the  introduction  of 
a  widely-spreading  contagious  disease,  are  so 
disastrous,  as  to  induce  legislators  to  maintain 
these  laws  in  perhaps  an  unnecessary  degree  of 
rigour. 

QUARTAN, '  of  or  belonging  to  the  fourth.' 
Quarta'na  Febris,  Jln'tlus  Quarta'nus  Tetartee'us, 
Quartan  Ague,  (F.)  Quarte.  An  intermittent, 
the  paroxysms  of  which  recur  every  4th  day, 
leaving  between  them  two  days'  interval.  We 
speak,  also,  of  the  Quartan  Type.  A  Double 
Quartan  is  one  in  which  one  paroxysm  occurs 
on  the  third  and  another  on  the  second  day,  so 
that  there  is  only  one  day  of  apyrexia  and  two 
of  paroxysms  in  succession; — the  paroxysms 
of  every  4th  day  resembling  each  other.  A 
Triple  Quartan  is  one,  in  which  there  is  a  pa- 
roxysm every  day;  and  on  every  three  days  the 
paroxysms  correspond.  A  redoubling  or  repeal- 
ing quartan,  (F.)  Fievre  quarte  double" e,  is  one 
in  which  there  are  two  paroxysms  every  4th 
day.     See  Intermittent. 

QUARTANUS  REMITTENS,  Tetartophia. 

QUART A'RIUS.  An  ancient  measure,  equal 
to  one-fourth  of  the  sextarius.  See  Weights 
and  Measures. 

QUARTE,  Quartan. 

QUARTI-STERNAL,  Quadristerna' lis.  The 
fourth  osseous  portion  of  the  sternum,  corre- 
sponding to  the  fourth  intercostal  space. — Be- 
clard. 

QUAS'SIA,  Quassia  ama'ra,  Quassy,  Quas- 
sia excel'sa,  Picrse'na  excetsa,  Lofty  Bitterwood 
Tree,  Bitter-ash,  (F.)  Quassie.  A  West  India 
tree,  from  which  is  obtained  the  Lignum  Qaas- 
sise,  Quassia  (Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is  an  intensely  dura- 
ble bitter,  without  astringency;  and  has  been 
employed  as  a  tonic  and  stomachic.  It  is,  gene- 
rally, given  in  the  form  of  infusion.  The  bitter 
principle  is  called  Quassin. 

Quassia  Simarou'ba,  Simarouba.  Simoruba, 
S.  officinalis,  Euon'ymus,  Bitter  Simaruba,  Moun- 
tain Damson.  The  bark  of  the  Simarouba  is 
bitter,  and  not  unpleasant.  Both  water  and 
alcohol  extract  its  virtues.  It  is  not  astringent. 
It  is  exhibited,  wherever  a  simple  tonic  is  re- 
quired. 

QUASSIN,  see  Quassia. 

QUATRE  APICES,  see  Myrtus  pimenta. 

QUATRIO.  Astragalus. 

QUEEN  OF  THE  MEADOWS,  Spirea  ul- 
maria. 

QUEEN'S  DELIGHT,  Stillingia-q.  Root, 
Stillingia. 

QUERCULA  MINOR,  Teucrium  chama?- 
drys. 


QUERCUS  ALBA,  the  White  Oak;  Querent 
Robvr,  the  Common  Oak;  Q.  Tincto'na,  the 
Black  Oak :  Q.  rubra  Monta'na,  the  Red  Oak  or 
Spanish  Oak,  Family,  AmentacesE.  Sex.  Syst. 
Moncecia  Polyandria.  fF.)  Chine.  The  bark 
of  all  these  varieties  is,  probably,  alike  in  medi- 
cinal properties.  It  is  powerfully  astringent 
and  tonic,  and  has  been  used  internally  in  in- 
termittents,  and  externally  in  decoction,  as  an 
astringent  wash,  where  such  is  indicated. 

Acorns,  C'eces,  JYuces  Quercits,  (F.)  Glands, 
were,  at  one  time,  much  used  as  food;  and  a 
decoction  of  them  was  once  recommended  in 
dysentery  and  diarrhcea,  in  glandular  obstruc- 
tions, «fec.  A  pessary,  made  of  them,  has  been 
advised  in  immoderate  flow  of  the  menses. 
They  are  not  now  used. 

Quercus  Infecto'ria.  A  tree  of  Asia  Minor, 
which  affords  the  Turkey  Galls,  Nut  Galls, 
Gallx  Turcica,  G.  Querci'nee,  G.  Tincto'rix,  jYuz 
Gallst,  Galla  max'ima  orbicula'ta,  Cicis,  Casse- 
noles,  Galla,  Galls,  Gall-nut,  (F.)  Jfoix  de  Galle, 
The  md- gall— Galla  (Ph.  U.  S.)  is  a  morbid 
protuberance,  or  tubercle,  produced  by  the 
puncture  of  the  Diplo'lepis  Gullse  Tincto'ria,  or 
Cynips  Quercus  fold.  It  is  powerfully  astrin- 
gent and  tonic,  and  has  been  employed  in  diar- 
rhcea, intestinal  hemorrhage,  and  intermittents; 
but  it  is  chiefly  used,  externally  in  gargles  and 
injections.  The  powder,  made  into  an  ointment 
with  lard,  is  used  in  pile3. 

Quercus  Coccifera,  see  Kermes — q.  Mari- 
na, Fucus  vesiculosus — q.  Suber,  see  Suber. 

QUEUE  DE  CHEVAL,  Cauda  equina,  see 
Medulla  spinalis — q.  de  la  Mo'elle  epiniere,  Cau- 
da equina — q.  de  Pourceau,  Peucedanum. 

QUICK-IN-THE  HAND,  lmpatiens. 

QUICKEN  TREE,  Sorbus  acuparia. 

QU  ICK'ENING.from  Sax.  epiccan, '  to  make 
alive.'  The  period  of  gestation  when  the  mo- 
tion of  the  foetus  first  becomes  perceptible. 
This  usually  occurs  about  the  18th  week,  and 
was  at  one  time  erroneously  believed  to  mark 
the  time  at  which  the  foetus  becomes  alive.  It 
need  scarcely  be  said,  that  it  possesses  the  prin- 
ciple of  life  from  the  moment  of  the  union  of 
the  materials  furnished  by  the  sexes  at  a  fecun- 
dating copulation.  When  the  motion  is  felt, 
the  female  is  said  to  be  'quick  with  child.' 

QUICKENS,  Triticum  repens. 

QUICKLIME,  Calx  viva. 

QUICKSILVER,  Hydrargyrum. 

QUIES,  Acinesia. 

QUINA,  Quinina. 

QUINA  QUINA,  Cinchona. 

QUIN^  ACETAS  SULPHAS,  &c,  see 
Quinina. 

QUINCE,  see  Pyruscydonia— q.Tree,  Pyrus 
cydonia. 

QUINIA,  Quinina— q.  Impure  sulphate  of, 
Extract  of'Quinia. 

QUINIA  ACETAS,  SULPHAS,  &c,  see 
Quinina. 

QUINFNA,  Qui'nia,  Quina,Kini'num,  Chini'- 
num,  Quinine.  An  alkaline,  uncrystallizable 
substance;  under  the  form  of  a  porous,  whitish 
mass;  almost  insoluble  in  water,  soluble  in  al- 
cohol and  ether.  It  forms,  with  acids,  salts 
that  are  in  general  soluble.  It  is  obtained  from 
different  cinchonas,  but  chiefly  from  the  yellow, 
and  is  the  active  principle  of  those  valuable 
drugs 

Quinia,  Sulphate  of,  Qui'nise  Sulphas,  Qui- 


QUINIA,  ACETATE  OF 


C3U 


RACHAMELCA 


ntmc  Sulphas,  Quince  Disul'phus,  Quina  Sulphas, 
Chi'nium,   seu    Chini'num    Sulphu' ricuni,   (F.) 
Sulfate  de  Quinine — the  salt  usually  employed 
in  medicine — occurs  in  needles  of  a  pearly  and 
satiny  appearauce.     It  is  employed,  with  great 
success  in  the  tre&tment  of  intermitlents;  and 
is  available  in  many  cases,  where  the  bark  in 
substance  could  not  be  retained,  or  would   be 
injurious.     Dose,  from  3  to  10  grains  in  the  24 
hours.     It  is  obtained,  by  treating  the  yellow 
bark  with  sulphuric  acid.     The  following  form 
is  adopted  in  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United 
States,  (1842) — Cinchon.flav.  in  pulv.  crass  Ibiv; 
Acid,  muri'it.  f.  3iij;  Cukis,  in  pulv.  3"v;  Aqua, 
cong.  v;  Acid.  Sulphur.,  Alcohol;  Carbon,  animal, 
aa  q.  s.     Boil  the  bark  in  one-third  of  the  water 
mixed  with  one-third  of  the  muriatic  acid,  and 
strain  through  linen.     Boil  the  residue  twice 
successively  with  the  same  quantity  of  water 
and  acid  as  before,  and  strain.     Mix  the  decoc- 
tions, and,  while   the   liquor  is  hot,  gradually 
add  the  lime,  previously  mixed  with  two  pints 
of  water,  stirring  constantly,  until  the  quinia 
is  completely  precipitated.     Wash  the  precipi- 
tate with   distilled  water,  and  having  pressed 
and  dried  it,  digest  it  in  boiling  alcohol.     Four 
off  the  liquor  and  repeat  the  digestion  several 
times,  until  the  alcohol  is  no  longer  rendered 
bitter.     Mix  the  liquors,  and  distil  off  the  alco- 
hol, until  a  brown  viscid  mass  remains.     Upon 
this  substance,  removed  from  the  vessel,  pour 
about  half  a  gallon  of  distilled  water,  and  having 
heated  the  mixture  to  the  boiling  point,  add  as 
much  sulphuric  acid   as  may  be  necessary  to 
dissolve  the  impure  alkali.     Then  add  an  ounce 
and  a  half  of  animal   charcoal;   boil  for  two 
minutes,  filter  the  liquor  while  hot,  and  set  it 
aside  to  crystallize.     Should  the  liquor,  before 
filtration,  be  entirely  neutral,  acidulate  it  very 
slightly  with  sulphuric  acid.     Should  it,  on  the 
contrary,  change   the   colour  of  litmus  paper 
to  a  bright  red,  add  more  animal  charcoal.     Se- 
parate  the   crystals   from    the   liquor,  dissolve 
them  in  boiling  water  slightly  acidulated  with 
sulphuric  acid,  add  a  little  animal  charcoal,  fil- 
ter and  set  aside  to  crystallize.     Wrap  the  crys- 
tals in  bibulous   paper,  anil  dry  with  a  gentle 
heat.     The  mother  waters  may  be  made  to  yield 
an  additional  quantity   of  sulphate   of  quinia 
by  precipitating   the   quinia   with   solution    of 
ammonia,  and  treating  the  precipitated  alkali 
with  water,  sulphuric  acid,  and  animal  charcoal, 
as  before. 

Quinia,  Ac"etate  of,  (Quinise  Ace'las,  Chi- 


nium  Ace'ticum,  Ace'tas  chinii,  A.  chini'ni,  A. 
chinicus,  A.  Quinia,  A.  Quinse,  A.  Quini'ni,  A. 
Kini'ni;)  Citrate  (Quinia  citrus,  Citras  chi- 
nicus )¥  errocy  an  ate  (  Quinse  FeiroaJ anas,  Chi- 
nium  Ferrocyanogena'  turn,  &x.)  Muriate  ( Qui- 
nia murias,  Chinium  viurial'icum,  Ch.  sah'tum 
seu  hydrocldor'icum,  &c.)  Nitrate  (Chinium 
nitricum,  &c.,)  Phosphate,  (Quinse  Phosphas, 
Chinium  phosphor i'cum,  &c.)  and  Tartrate  of 
Qcinia  and  Cinchonia,  have  been  administered 
in  the  same  cases  as  the  sulphate. 

Quinia,  Iodide  of,  see  Iodine. 

QUINQUEFOLIUM,  Fotentilla  reptans. 

QUINQUINA,  Cinchona — q.  Aromalique,  Cro- 
ton  cascarilla — q  Bicolor,  Cinchonas  OaribaeEE 
cortex — q.  Fauz  de  Virginie,  Cusparia  febrifu- 
ga — q.  Gris  de  Loxa,  Cinchonas  lancifolioe  cor- 
tex— q.  Jaune,  Cinchonas  cordifolise  cortex — q. 
Orange,  Cinchonas  lancifolise  cortex — q.  Pilon, 
Cinchonas  Caribsese  cortex — q.  Rouge,  Cinchona? 
oblongifolias  cortex. 

QUINSEY,  Cynanche  tonsillaris— q.  Ner- 
vous, Angone — q.  Wolf,  Lycanche. 

QUINTAN,  Fcbris  quintu'na,  F.pempta'a,  F. 
quintu;  from  quintus,  '  a  fifth.'  A  fever  whose 
paroxysms  return  only  every  five  days  inclu- 
sively; and  between  which  there  are,  conse- 
quently, three  days  of  apyrexia. 

QU1JVTE,  (F.)  This  word  is  used  synony- 
mously with  paroxysm  or  fit,  when  speaking  of 
cough, — as  une  Qui.Ue  de  Toux — 'a  fit  of  cough- 
ing.'    Also,  the  influenza,  (q.  v.) 

QUIJVTEFEUILLE,  Fotentilla  reptans. 

QUINTES,  see  Pertussis. 

QUINTESSENCE,  Quinta  Essen' tia.  A 
name  formerly  given  to  alcohol,  impregnated 
with  the  principles  of  some  drug.  It  was,  con- 
sequently, often  synonymous  with  Alcohol'ic 
tincture.  The  most  volatile  principles  of  bodies 
were,  also,  called  Quint es' sences. 

QUINTISTERN  AL.  The  fifth  osseous  por- 
tion of  the  sternum.  It  corresponds  to  the  5th 
and  6th  intercostal  spaces. 

QUOTID'IAN,  Quotidia'nus,  Ephe'merus,— 
itself  from  quotidie,  'daily.'  That  which  takes 
place  every  day, 

Quotid'ian  Fever,  Q.  ague,  An'etus  quotidia- 
nus,  Cathe' merits,  Methemer'inos,  Amphemer'inos, 
Amphimer'inos,  Quotidia'nus,  (F.)  Fievre  quoti- 
dienne,  is  an  intermittent,  the  paroxysms  of 
which  recur  every  day. 

A  simple,  double,  or  triple  quotidian,  is  a  quo- 
tidian, which  has  one,  two,  or  three  paroxysms 
.  in  the  24  hours. 


R. 


R.  is  placed  at  the  commencement  of  a  pre- 
scription, as  a  contraction  of  Rec"ipS.  (See 
Abbreviation.)  Originally,  it  was  the  sign  21 
of  Jupiter,  and  was  placed  at  the  top  of  a  for- 
mula, to  propitiate  the  king  of  the  gods,  that 
the  compound  might  act  favourably. 

RABDOIDES,  (SUTURA,)  Sagittal  suture. 

RABID,  liab'idus,  (F.)  Rabiquc,  Uabieinuc, 
from  rabies,  '  canine  madness.'  That  which 
belongs  to  hydrophobia;  as  rabid  virus,^&,c. 

RABIMIOVE,  Rabid. 

RABIES  CANINA,  Hydiophobia. 


RABIQUE,  Rabid. 

RACCOON  BERRY.Podophyllum  montanum. 

RACE,  from  radice,  abl.  of  radix,  'root.' 
The  union  or  aggregate  of  individuals,  whose 
conformation  or  particular  condition  differs  per- 
ceptibly from  those  of  neighbouring  varieties. 
In  the  human  species,  several  races  are  desig- 
nated.    See  Homo. 

RACHAMEL'CA.from  Hebr.  D"H  (rechem,) 
'  the  womb,'  and  I^S  (Molech,)  '  a  king;'  Recha- 
mal'ca.  A  peculiar  formative  principle,  sap- 
pised,  by  Doloeus,  to  exist  in  the  uterus. 


RACHE 


C40       RADIALIS  EXTERN  US  LONGIOR 


RACHE,  Porrio-o. 

RACHLEI,  Rhachiffii. 

RACHIALGIA,  Colic,  metallic,  Vertebral 
disease — r.  Mesenteriea,  Tabes  mesenterica — r. 
i'ictoniensium,  Colic,  metallic — r.  Pictonum, 
Colic,  metallic. 

RACUIALGIE  MtiSEJVTARIQUE,  Tabes 
mesenterica. 

RACHIALGITIS,  Rhachialgitis. 

RACHIDIAN  ARTERIES,  Spinal  arteries 
— r.  Bulb,  see  Medulla  oblongata — r.  Canal, 
Vertebral  canal. 

RACHIOPHYMA,  Rachiphyma. 

RACHIPHY'MA  or  Rhachiphij'ma,  Rachio- 
phijrna,  Tumor  Dorsi,  from  'pa/tg,  '  the  spine/ 
and  Qv/uz,  '  a  tumour.'  A  tumour  on  the  spine 
or  on  the  back. 

RACHIS,  Vertebral  column. 

RACHISAGRA,  Rhaclusagra,  from  'pa<%tg, 
'the  spine,'  and  etyfMt,  'a  seizure.'  A  gouty  or 
rheumatic  affection  of  the  spine. 

RACHIT^E,Rhachitae. 

RACHI'TIS,  Rhachi'tis,  from  '(>*/<?,  'the 
spine,'  and  ilia,  a  suffix  denoting  inflammation. 
Inflammation  of  the  spine.  Also,  Cyrto'sis  Ra'- 
cltia,  Cyrton'osus,  Morbus  Ang'licus,  Ostcomulu! '■ 
cia  lnfan'tum,  Tubes  peclorea;  lnnvtrilio  ossium, 
the  English  disease,  Rickets,-  from  Qx/tg,  'the 
spine,'  (F.)  Rachilisme,  Nouure.  A  disease  cha- 
racterized by  crookedness  of  the  long  bones; 
swelling  of  their  extremities;  crooked  spine; 
prominent  abdomen;  large  head;  and  often 
precocity  of  intellect.  It  is  accompanied  by 
leanness,  general  debility,  indigestion;  and 
frequently  induces  atrophy  and  hectic.  Rickets 
occurs,  particularly,  during  the  first  years  of 
existence,  in  weakly  children,  born  of  rickety 
or  scrofulous  parents;  brought  up  in  damp  01 
confined  situations;  who  are  badly  nourished, 
and  do  not  take  sufficient  exercise.  The  pro- 
gress and  termination  of  the  disease  are  very 
variable.  Somechildrengradually  recover  their 
health  :  others  become  more  and  more  deformed, 
and  ultimately  die  of  consumption,  dropsy,  or 
other  organic  disease.  The  treatment  is  almost 
wholly  hygienic.  Pure  air;  a  healthy  situation; 
nourishing  diet;  exercise;  sea  or  common  cold 
bathing,  and  tonics,  afford  the  best  prospect  of 
success. 

RACH1T1SME,  Rachitis. 

RACHO'SIS,  Rhacho'sis,  Raho'sis,  from 
'pa_£0u>,  or  'faxow,  'I  wrinkle.'  A  relaxation  of 
the  scrotum,  Propter1  ma  Scroti.  An  excoria- 
tion of  the  relaxed  scrotum. — Dictionaries. 

RACINE  A  BECQUET,Geramum  moscha- 
tum — r.  de  Bengal,  Cassumuniar — r.  de  Chords, 
Dorstenia  eontrayerva — r.  de  Dracke,  Dorstenia 
contrayerva — r.  des  Philippines,  Dorstenia  eon- 
trayerva— ;•.  de  Safrun,  Curcuma  longa — r.  de 
Saint  Esprit,  Angelica — r.  Salivaire,  Anthemis 
pyretluum — r.  de  Turbelh,  Convolvulus  tur- 
pethum. 

RACINES  DU  CERVELET,  Corpora  resti- 
formia. 

RACORN1SSEMENT  (F.)  from  se  racomir, 
'to  shrivel  in  the  fire  as  leather  does.'  A  phy- 
sical property,  possessed  by  animal  substances, 
which  consists  in  a  kind  of  contractility,  ac- 
companied with  sudden  corrugationandcurling. 
It  is  produced  by  heat,  and  by  chemical  agents, 
especially  by  the  strong  mineral  acids. 
RADESYGE,  Radzvge. 
RADEZYGE,  Radzyge. 


RA'DIAL,  Radia'lis,  from  radius,  a  bone  of 
the  forearm.     That  which  relates  to  the  radius. 

RADIAL  ANTliRlEUR,  Palmaris  magnus. 

Radial  Artery,  A.  extern' a  Cu'biti,  It  arises, 
from  the  brachial,  at  the  upper  and  anterior  part 
of  the  forearm  ;  descends  on  the  outer  side  as 
far  as  the  lower  part  of  the  radius,  and  pro- 
ceeds downwards  and  backwards  towards  the 
superior  extremity  of  the  space,  which  sepa- 
rates the  first  two  metacarpal  bones.  It  then 
buries  itself  in  the  palm  of  the  hand,  where  it 
forms  the  profound  or  radial  palmar  arch.  The 
radial  artery  gives  off  the  recurrent  radial,  seve- 
ral radio-muscular  branches,  the  transverse  pal- 
mar radio-carpal  artery,  the  external  superficial 
artery  of  the  palm  of  the  hand,  the  external  dor- 
sal of  the  thumb,  the  dorsalis  carpi,  dorsal  inter- 
osseous artery  of  the  index,  fy-c. 

RADIAL  EXTERft'E  PREMIER,  see  Ra- 
dialis — r.  Exlerne second,  see  Radialis — r.  Grand, 
see  Radialis. 

Radial  Nerve,  Radio-digital,  (Ch.)  Spiral 
Nerve,  Spired  muscuj/ir  JV. ,  arises  from  the  four 
inferior  branches  of  the  brachial  plexus.  It  is, 
at  first,  situate  behind  the  other  nerves  of  the 
plexus.  It  then  becomes  engaged  between  the 
three  portions  of  the  triceps  brachialis,  passes 
behind  the  humerus,  and  descends  between  the 
supinator  longus  and  brachialis  internus,as  far 
as  opposite  the  upper  extremity  of  the  radius. 
In  its  course  it  gives  numerous  filaments  to  the 
triceps,  supinator  longus,  extensor  carpi  radia- 
lis longior,  and  to  the  integuments.  Opposite 
the  upper  extremity  of  the  radius  it  divides  into 
two  branches; — the  one  posterior,  which  turns 
backwards  into  the  substance  of  the  supinator 
brevis,  and  when  it  has  reached  the  space  be- 
tween the  two  layers  of  muscles  on  the  poste- 
rior surface  of  the  forearm,  divides  into  a  great 
number  of  filaments,  which  are  distributed  to 
those  muscles,  and  to  the  integuments  of  the 
hand.  The  other  branch  is  anterior:  it  descends 
before  the  supinator  brevis  and  the  radius;  until, 
near  the  inferior  third  of  that  borse,  it  engages 
itself  between  the  tendons  of  the  supinator  lon- 
gus and  extensor  carpi  radialis  longior;  and7 
becoming  afterwards  subcutaneous,  divides  into 
two  branches,  whose  filaments  are  distributed 
to  the  integuments  of  the  thumb,  index,  middle 
finger,  to  the  outside  of  the  ring  finger,  and 
to  the  first  interosseous  muscle  of  the  back  of 
the  hand. 

RADIAL  PETIT,  see  Radialis. 

Radial  Veins,  Deep-Seatf.d,  follow  the  same 
course  as  the  radial  artery. 

RADIA'LIS  EXTER'NUS  BRE'VIOR,  Ex- 
ten' sor  Carpi  Radialis  Bre'vior,  Radial  is  secun- 
dus,  (F.)  Second  radial  extcrne,  Petit  radial,  Epi- 
condylo-sus  mctacarpien,  (Ch.)  An  extensor 
muscle  of  the  wrist,  situate  beneath  the  exten- 
sor carpi  radialis  longior.  It  is  attached,  above, 
to  the  external  tuberosity  of  the  humerus,  and 
terminates  below,  by  a  long  tendon,  insert- 
ed into  the  posterior  part  of  the  upper  extre- 
mity of  the  third  bone  of  the  metacarpus.  It  has 
the  same  uses  as  the  next  muscle. 

Radia'lis  Extek'nus  Lon'gior,  Extensor 
Cnvj)i  Radia'lis  Lon'gior,  Radialis  externas  pri- 
mus, (F.^  Premier  radial  exlerne.  Grand  radial, 
Humerosus-metacarpien,  (Ch.)  It  is  seated  at 
the  outer  part  of  the  forearm;  is  thin,  but  thick- 
er on  the  outside  than  on  the  inside.  It  is  at- 
tached, above,  to  the  inferior  part  of  the  outer 


RADIALIS  EXTERNUS  BREVlOR       G41 


RAKAS1RA 


edge,  and  to  the  corresponding  tuberosity,  of 
the  humerus;  and  terminates,  below,  by  a  long 
tendon,  which  is  attached  to  the  superior  ex- 
tremity of  the  second  bone  of  the  metacarpus. 
It  extends  the  hand  on  the  forearm. 

Radialis  Exteunus  Brevior,  see  Radialis — 
r.  Externus  primus,  see  Radialis — r.  Extensor 
longior,  see  Radialis  —  r.  Interims,  Palmaris 
magnus — r.  Secundus,  see  Radialis. 

RAD'IATED,  Radio,' tus,  from  radius,  'a  ray;' 
(F.)  Rayonne.  That  which  is  arranged  in  rays; 
in  lines,  diverging  from  a  common  centre.  An 
epithet  given  to  several  ligaments,  &c,  as  to 
those  which  unite  the  ribs  to  the  sternum; 
those  which  unite  the  tibia  and  fibula  at  their 
inferior  extremity,  &c. 

RAD'IUAL,  Radica'lis,  from  radix,  'a  root.' 
A  radical  cure  is  one  in  which  the  disease  is 
destroyed,  as  it  were,  from  the  root.  It  is  used 
in  opposition  to  palliative,  cure. 

Radical  Moisture,  Humidum  radicale. 

Radical  ^Vessels  or  Vascular  Radicles, 
(F.)  Radicules  vasculaires,  are  the  small  vessels 
that  take  their  origin  in  the  tissues,  and  by 
their  union  form  larger  vessels. 

RADICIS'ECA,  from  radix,  radicis,  'a  root,' 
and  secure,  'to  cut.'  One  employed  in  col- 
lecting and  preparing  plants  was  formerly  so 
called. 

RADICULA,  Raphanus  hortensis. 

RIDICULES  VASCULAIRES,  Radical  ves- 
sels. 

RADII  CILIA  RES,  Ciliary  processes. 

RADIO-CARPAL,  Radiocarpia'nus.  That 
which  relates  to  the  radius  and  carpus. 

Radio-Caiipal  Articulation,  is  the  wrist 
joint,  or  articulation  of  the  os  scaphoides,  os 
semilunare,  and  os  cuneiforme  of  the  carpus 
with  the  inferior  surface  of  the  radius,  and  the 
fibro-cartilage,  situate  below  the  ulna.  It  is 
strengthened  by  lateral,  anterior,  and  posterior 
ligaments. 

Radio-Carpal  Transverse  Palmar  Arte- 
ry, (F.)  Artere  Radio- carpienne-transver  sale-pal- 
moire.  A  transverse  branch,  given  off  by  the 
radial  artery,  opposite  the  lower  edge  of  the  pro- 
nator quadratus,  which  sends  several  branches 
to  the  anterior  or  palmar  surface  of  the  carpus. 

RADIOCUTAJV£  (JVERF.)  see  Cutaneous 
— r.  Pkalangcttien  du  pouce,  Flexor  longus  pol- 
licis  manus.' 

RADIOLUS,  Sound. 

RADIO-MUSCULAR,  Radio-muscularis.  A 
name  given  to  the  branches  sent  off  from  the 
radial  artery  to  the  muscles  of  the  forearm,  in 
the  first  part  of  its  course;  as  well  as  to  the 
nervous  filaments,  which  the  radial  nerve  sends 
to  the  same  muscles. 

RADIS,  Raphanus  hortensis. 

RADISH,  Raphanus  hortensis— r.  Water, 
Nasturtium  amphibium. 

RADIUS,  'a  spoke:' — so  called  from  its 
shape.  Cercis,  Foe" He  minus  seu  superius, 
Carina  minor,  Os  adcubita'le,  Addilamcn'tum 
ulux,  Manu'brium  manus,  Parape'rhyon,  Arun'- 
d<>  bra'ehii  minor,  (F.)  Os  du  Rayon.  A  long, 
prismatic  bone,  the  upper  and  lesser  extremity 
of  which  is  called  the  head.  This  is  supported 
by  a  cervix  or  neck.  At  the  part  where  the 
neck  is  confounded  with  the  body  of  the  bone 
is  the  tubercle  or  bicipital  tuberosity  or  eminence 
for  the  insertion  of  the  biceps.  The  radius  is 
articulated,  above,  with  the  os  humeri  and  with 


the  lesser  sigmoid  cavity  of  the  ulna:  below', 
with  the  scaphoides,  semilunare,  and  the  head 
of  the  ulna.  Its  inferior  extremity,  which  is 
larger  than  the  superior,  is  flattened  before  and 
behind:  is  irregularly  quadrilateral;  and  has, 
below,  a  double  facette  to  be  articulated  with 
the  first  two  bones  of  the  carpus.  On  the  outer 
side  is  the  styloid  process;  and,  on  the  inner, 
a  concave  facette,  which  joins  the  ulna.  Be- 
hind, are  grooves  for  the  passage  of  the  exten- 
sor tendons.  The  radius  is  developed  from 
three  points  of  ossification;  one  for  the  body, 
and  one  for  each  extremity. 

RADIUS,  COL  DU,  Collum  radii. 

RA'DIX,  Rhiza.  A  root:  also,  the  male  or- 
gan. 

Radix,  Root  or  fang  of  a  tooth  is  the  part  con- 
tained in  the  alveolus.  The  radix  or  root  of  the 
nail  is  the  portion  hidden  under  the  skin.  &c. 
Surgeons  give  the  name  to  the  prolongations, 
sent  by  scirrhous,  cancerous,  or  other  tumours 
into  the  neighbouring  parts. 

Five  Aperient  Roofs,  Quinque  radi'ces  ape- 
rien'tes,  were,  of  old,  —  asparagus,  butchers' 
broom,  fennel,  parsley,  and  sinallage. 

Five  Lesser  Aperient  Roots,  Quinque  radi'ces 
aperien'lcs  mino'res, — were  caper,  dandelion, 
eryngo,  madder,  and  rest-harrow. 

Radix  Braziliensis,  Ipecacuanha — r.  Indica 
Lopeziana,  Lopez  radix — r.  Lopeziana,  Lopez 
radix — r.  Ninsi,  Sium  ninsi — r.  Rubra,  Rubia — 
r.  Serpentum,  see  Ophiorrhiza  mungos — r.  Ven- 
tris,  Umbilicus. 

RADULA.  Raspatorium. 

RADZYGE,  Radzygin,  Radesyge,  Radezyge, 
Thsdria,  properly  Theria,  from  Qt^iov,  Qskki?,) 
'a  malignant  ulcer,'  Norioegian  Leprosy.  A 
name  given,  in  Norway,  to  a  disease,  bearing 
considerable  analogy  to  the  yaws.  Some  have 
esteemed  it  a  species  of  lepra  or  elephantiasis. 

Another  form — the  Speduk/ce,  of  Norway,  ap- 
pears to  be  a  variety  of  elephantiasis  Gra?corum. 

RAGE,  Ira,  Furor  brcvis,  Orge,  T/iymos, 
(F.)  Colere.  Violent  passion,  characterized  by 
contraction  of  the  muscles  of  the  face,  violence 
in  every  movement,  extreme  irritation  of  the 
nervous  system,  acceleration  of  the  blood's  mo- 
tion, and  redness  and  swelling  of  the  face. 

Rage,  Rhage. 

RAGE,  Hydrophobia. 

RAGWORT,  Senecio  Jacobam. 

RAIDEUR  CADAVJtRIQUE,  Rigor  mortis. 

RAIFORT,  Raphanus  hortensis — r.  Sauvagc, 
Cochlearia  armoracia. 

RALNBOW-WORM,  Herpes  iris. 

RALYURE,  Groove — r.  Digastrique,  Mastoid 
groove. 

RAISIJY,  see  Vitis  vinifera — ;•.  d'Amerique, 
Phytolacca  decandra-^-r.  de  Bois,  Vaccinium 
myrtillus — r.  d  Ours,  Arbutus  uva  ursi — r.  de 
Renard,  Paris. 

RAlSWlkRE  (F.)  A  name  given  to  a  small 
granular,  brownish  or  blackish  tumour,  which 
forms  occasionally  at  the  surface  of  the  cornea, 
in  consequence  of  ulcers  or  accidental  wounds 
of  that  membrane: — Nysten. 

RAISINS,  Uva  passre,  see  Vitis  vinifera — r. 
de  Corivlhe,  see  Vitis  Corinthiaca. 

RAISO.Y,  Reason. 

RAKASIRA.  An  American  balsam;  of  a 
brownish  or  brownish-red  colour;  semi-trans- 
parent; brittle;  softening  and  becoming  tena- 
cious by  heat;  inodorous   when  cold,  but  ex- 


RAKIA 


G42 


RAPHANUS  HORTENSIS 


haling  a  very  Agreeable  smell  when  heated; 
and  possessing  a  balsamic  and  slightly  bitter 
taste.  The  precise  vegetable  that  furnishes  it 
is  not  known.  It  has  been  used  chiefly  as  a 
balsam  in  gonorrhoea  and  urinary  affections. 

RAKIA,  see  Spirit. 

RAKOSIS,  Rachosis. 

RALE,  Rattle,  (q.  v.)— r.  Bronchique  sec,  see 
Rattle — r.  Bronchique  hundde,  see  Rattle — r. 
Caver neux,  Gurgling — r.  Crepitant,  see  Crepi- 
pitation  and  Rattle — r.  Muqueux,  see  Rattle — r. 
Ronjlant,  see  Rattle — r.  Sibilant,  see  Rattle — r. 
Sonore,  see  Rattle — r.  So  us -crepitant,  see  Rattle. 

RAMEAU,  Ramus. 

RAMENTUM,  Fragment,  Scobs. 

RAMEX,  Hernia — r.  Varicosus,  Varicocele. 

RAMIFICATION,  Ramified  do..  A  division 
of  arteries,  veins,  or  nerves  into  branches. 
Also,  the  branches  themselves. 

RJ1MILLE,  Ramusculus. 

RAMOLLISSEMENT,  Mollities— r.  da  Cer- 
veau,  Mollities  cerebri — r.  du  Cceur,  Cardio- 
malacia — r.  de  I'Estomac,  Gastromalacia — r.  du 
Foie,  Hepatomalacia — r.  Gris,  see  Hepatization 
— r.  de  la  Mo'elle  e'pinie're,  Mollities  medulla; 
spinalis — r.  Rouge,  see  Hepatization — r.  de  I' In- 
testin,  Entero-malacia — r.  des  Os,  Mollities  os- 
sium. 

RAMPANT,  (F.)  ramper,  'to  climb,'  Repens, 
Reptans.  That  which  creeps  or  drags  on  the 
earth.  The  French  Bandage  rampant  lias  the 
folds  arranged  spirally  around  the  part,  leaving 
intervals  between  them.  It  is  a  retentive  ban- 
dage, but  is  easily  displaced,  and,  therefore,  not 
employed. 

RAMPES  DU  LIMACON,  Scalse  of  the 
cochlea. 

RAMPHOS,  Rostrum. 

RAMULUS,  Ramusculus. 

RAMUNGULUS,  Ramusculus. 

RAMUS,  Clados,  a.  branch,  (F.)  Rameau.  A 
division  of  an  artery,  vein,  or  nerve.  Also,  the 
male  organ. 

Ramus  Durior  Septim;e  Conjugations, 
Facial  nerve. 

RAMUS'CULUS,  Ram'ulus,  Ramun! cuius, 
Cladis'cos,  diminutive  of  ramus,  (q.  v.)  A  di- 
vision of  a  ramus.     (F.)  Ramuscule,  Ramitle. 

RANA  ESCULENTA,  (F.)  Grenouille.  This 
frog  and  the  bull  frog,  Rana  Tauri'na — are  eaten 
as  a  delicacy.  They  are  nutritious  and  easily 
digested. 

Rana,  Ranula. 

RAJYCE,  Rancid. 

RANCID,  Ran'cidus,  Sapros,  (F.)  Ranee,  from 
rancere,  'to  be  stale.'  An  epithet  given  to  fatty 
bodies,  which  have  become  acrid  from  age  or 
the  contact  of  air.  Mild  ointments  may,  thus, 
become  very  irritating,  and  unfit  for  the  pur- 
poses for  which  they  were  originally  intended. 

RAN1NE',  Rani'na;  from  Rana,  'a  frog.' 
The  termination  of  the  lingual  artery  is  so 
called;  that  is,  the  portion  of  the  artery,  which 
advances  horizontally  between  the  genio-glos- 
sus  and  lingualis  muscles  as  far  as  the  point  of 
the  tongue.  The  ranine  vein  follows  the  same 
course  as  the  artery,  and  opens  into  the  inter- 
nal jugular  or  into  the  superior  thyroid. 

RAN'ULA,  from  Rana,  'a  frog,'  so  called 
from  its  resemblance;  Dysplta'gia  Ranula,  Em- 
phrag'ma  saliva' 'rg,  Frog  Tongue,  Ba'trar.kos, 
Batru'chium,  Hydroglos'sa,  Hypoglossis,  Hypo- 
glossum,  Rana,    (F.)   Grenouitlclte.     A  small, 


soft,  fluctuating  and  semi-transparent  tumour, 
which  forms  under  the  tongue,  owing  to  the 
accumulation  of  saliva  in  Wharton's  duct.  In 
order  to  give  exit  to  the  accumulated  fluid,  and 
to  establish  a  permanent  opening  for  the  dis- 
charge of  the  saliva,  the  cyst  may  be  punc- 
tured, and  the  opening  maintained  by  a  minute 
cylinder,  with  a  button  at  each  extremity,  as 
has  been  recommended  by  Dupuytren;  or  a 
portion  of  the  cyst  may  be  removed  by  the 
scissors,  and  the  mouth  be  frequently  washed 
by  any  astringent  lotion.  Sometimes,  the  sa- 
livary duct  is  found  plugged  by  a  small  cal- 
culus. 

RANUN'CULUS,  (F.)  Renoncule.  Family, 
Ranunculaceae.  Sea;.  Syst.  Polyandria  Polygy- 
nia.  A  genus  of  plants,  most  of  the  species  of 
which,  when  taken  internally,  act  as  acrid  poi- 
sons. See  Poison.  They  are,  also,  acrid  and 
vesicant,  when  applied  to  the  skin,  and  have, 
accordingly,  been  often  used  as  counter-irri- 
tants. The  following  species  answer  to  thig 
description. 

Ranunculus  Abortivus. 

Ranunculus  Acris,  R.  praten'sis.  Meadow 
Crowfoot,  Butter  Cups,  Yellow-weed,  Blister -weed, 
Pilewort,  Burwort,  Meadow-bloom,  Yellows,  (F.) 
Bouton  d'or. 

Ranunculus  Albus,  Anemone  nemorosa. 

Ranunculus  Bulbo'sus,  R.  praten'sis,  Ranun- 
culus, (Ph.  U.  S.)  Bulbous-rooted  Crow-foot,  (F.) 
Renoncule  bulbeuse,  Bassinet. 

Ranunculus  Flammula,  Surrecta  alba. 
Smaller  Water  Crowfoot,  Spearwort,  (F.)  Petite 
Douve. 

Ranunculus  Illyricus. 

Ranunculus  Lingua. 

Ranunculus  Scelera'tus,  R. Palus/tris, Marsh 
Crowfoot. 

Ranunculus  Fica'ria,  Chelido'nium  minus, 
Scrophula'ria  minor,  Ficaria  ranunculdi'des,  Che- 
lido'nia  rotundifolia  minor,  Cur'suma  hsemorrhoi- 
da' lis  herba,  Ranunculus  vernus,  Lesser  celandine, 
Pilewort,  (F.)  Petite  chelidoine,  Petite  jLclaire, 
Ficaire.  The  leaves  and  root  have  been  used 
medicinally: — the  leaves  as  an  antiscorbutic; 
the  root  as  a  cataplasm  in  piles. 

Ranunculus  Palustris,  R.  sceleralus — r. 
Pratensis,  R.  bulbosus — r.  Vernus,  R.  ficaria — 
r.  Virginianus,  Lobelia  syphilitica. 

RAPA  NAPUS,  Brassica  rapa— r.  Rotunda, 
Brassica  rapa. 

RAPE,  Brassica  napus,  Stuprum. 

RAPHANE'DON,  from  patpavtg,  'a  radish,' 
'  like  a  radish.'  Rhaphanedon.  A  transverse 
fracture  of  a  long  bone,  leaving  no  splinters. 
What  has  been  called,  in  France,  Fracture  en 
rave. 

RAPHA'NIA,  Convul'sio  Raphania,  Rhaphaf- 
nia,  Morbus  spusmod'icus  malig'nus  sea  popula'- 
ris,  M.  Silesiacus,  Eclamp'sia  typho'des,  Sync'lo- 
nus  Raphania-  Linnaeus  gave  this  name  to  a 
convulsive  disease,  not  uncommon  in  Germany 
and  Sweden,  and  which  has  been  attributed  to 
the  seeds  of  the  Rapli'anus  Raphanis'trum  being 
mixed  with  the  corn.  The  convulsions  are 
seated  in  the  limbs,  and  are  attended  with  acute 
pain.     See  Convulsio  cerealis,  and  Ergotism. 

Raphania  Maiztica,  Pellaorra. 

RAPH'ANUS  HORTEN'SIS,  Raphanus,  R. 
sati'vus,  R.  niger,  Radic'ula.  The  Radish,  (F.) 
Raifort,  Radis.  Family,  Crucifeise.  Sex.  Syst. 
Tetradynamia  Siliquosa.    The  root  of  this  plant 


RAPHANUS  MAR1NUS 


G43 


RALE  SOKORE 


is  a  common  esculent.  It  has,  also,  been  given 
ns  a  diuretic  in  calculous  affections.  The  juice, 
made  inlo  a  syrup,  is  exhibited  to  relieve  hoarse- 
ness. Radishes  have  long  been  celebrated  as 
anti-scorbutics. 

Raphands  Marinus,  Cochlearia  armoracia — 
r.  Raphanistrum,  see  llaphania — r.  Rusticanus, 
Cochlearia  armoracia — r.  Sylvestris,  Cochlearia 
armoracia. 

RATHE,  or  RHAPHE,  nam,  'a  suture.'  A 
name  given  to  prominent  lines  resembling  a 
raised  stitch.  Such  is  the  Raphe  or  Tramis 
that  divides  the  scrotum  into  two  parts,  and 
which  extends  from  the  anterior  part  of  the 
anus  to  the  extremity  of  the  penis.  The  name 
Raphe,  or  Linea  mcdia'na,  is,  also,  given  to  two 
prominent  lines  which  are  longitudinal  and 
parallel,  and  are  seen  at  the  upper  surface  of  the 
corpus  callosum,  extending  from  the  anterior 
to  the  posterior  extremity  of  that  commissure. 

RAPHEX,  Chenopodium  vulvaria. 

RAPHIANKIS'TRON,  from  oaipiov,  '  a  nee- 
dle,' and  ayxioroov,  'a  hook.'  An  instrument 
employed  in  the  formation  of  artificial  pupil. 

RAPHION,  Needle. 

RAP  HIS,  Needle. 

RAF  PORT,  (F.)  Rela'fio,  Renuncia'tio.  A  de- 
position made  by  a  physician  or  surgeon  to 
prove  the  condition  of  a  person,  the  nature  of  a 
disease,  the  existence  or  non-existence  of  preg- 
nancy, sudden  or  violent  death,  &c.  Formerly, 
there  were  the  Rapports  de nonciatlfs ,  made  at 
the  desire  of  the  injured  or  their  friends,  and 
intended  to  point  out  to  the  judges  the  details 
of  the  crime  or  misdemeanour, — the  Rapports 
provixoires,  the  object  of  which  was  to  obtain 
provisions  for  the  injured  individual,  both  as 
regarded  food  and  medicine,  and  to  defray  the 
expenses  of  prosecution; — and  Rapports  mixtes, 
or  those  which  were  both  denonciatifs  and  pro- 
visoires.  At  present,  reports  or  depositions  are 
generally  divided  into  judiciary,  or  those  which 
serve  to  throw  light  on  the  subject  matter  of 
any  civil  or  criminal  cause;  and  administra- 
tive, which  afford  information  on  subjects  re- 
lating to  any  branch  of  the  public  adminis- 
tration, as  on  the  nuisance  or  otherwise  of  cer- 
tain establishments,  the  character  of  any  epi- 
demic, &c. 

RAPPORT,  Eructation. 

RAPTUS  POST-TERGANEUS,  Opistho- 
tonos. 

RAPUM  MAJUS.Brassicarapa. 

RAPTJRE.  Rasura. 

RAQUETTE,  Cactus  opuntia. 

RAREFA'CIENS,  Arsoficus,  (F.)  Rarifiant, 
from  varus,  'rare,'  and  facere,  'to  make.'  Me- 
dicines were  so  termed,  which  were  supposed 
to  be  possessed  of  the  power  of  giving  more 
bulk  or  extension  to  the  blood  or  other  hu- 
mours. 

RARgFlANT,  Rarefaciens. 

RASCATIO,  Excreation. 

RASCETA,  Carpus,  Malleolus. 

RASH  FEVER,  Scarlatina— r.  Nettle,  Urti- 
caria—r.  Rose,  Roseola — r.  Summer,  Lichen  tro- 
picus— r.  Tooth,  Strophulus. 

RASOIR,  Razor. 

RASORISM.  The  Italian  medical  doctrine 
of  controstiinulus  (q.  v.)  of  which  Rasori  was 
the  founder. 

RASORIUM,  Raspatorium. 

RASPATO'RIUM,  Raso'rium,  Rat'ula,  Seal- 


prurn  raso'rium,  Xystc'ra,  Rad'ula,  Runcin  ukt, 
Scalprum,  (F.)  Rugine,  Grattoir.  An  instru- 
ment used  for  rasping  bones,  to  detach  the  pe- 
riosteum,— either  in  certain  surgical  operations, 
or  for  anatomical  purposes. 

RASPBERRY,  Rubus  idseus— r.  Ground,  Hy- 
drastis Canadensis. 

RASSETA  PEDIS,  Tarsus. 

RASTETA,  Carpus,  Malleolus. 

RASU'RA,  Xysma,  Xysmos,  (F.)  Rdpure. 
from  radere,  rasum,  'to  scrape.'  A  rasure,  or 
scratch,  or  erosion.  Also,  the  rasping  or  shaving 
of  any  substance;  as  Rasu'rce  Comu  Cervi, 
Hartshorn  shavings. 

Rasura,  Scobs. 

RATAFI'A.  A  liquor  prepared  by  imparting 
to  ardent,  spirits  the  flavour  of  various  kinds  of 
fruits,  addino-  sugar. 

RATANHY,  Krameria  ratanhia— r.  of  the 
Antilles,  Krameria  ixina. 

RATE,  Spleen. 

RATltLEUX,  Spleneticus. 

RATELIER,  see  Dentier. 

RATIO,  from  reor,ratits,  'to  think.'  A  rea- 
son, a  cause,  an  explanation ;  as  Ratio  symptom'- 
atum,  an  explanation  of  the  symptoms. 

Ratio.  Reason 

RAT'lONAL,  Rationa'lis.  That  which  is  con- 
formable to  reason.  This  epithet  is  often  op- 
posed to  empirical;  as  rational  treatment.  The 
French  also,  say  Sig?ies  rationales,  in  opposition 
to  Signcs  sensibles. 

RATSBANE,  Arsenious  acid. 

RATTLE,  Rhonchus,  Rhenchus,  Rhenxis,  from 
(D  )  R  a  t  e  1;  Rhoncus,  Cerchnus,  Rhogmos,  (F.) 
Rale.  Noise  produced  by  the  air  in  passing 
through  mucus,  of  which  the  lungs  are  unable 
to  free  themselves.  This  condition  is  chiefly 
observed  at  the  approach  of  death;  and  is  com- 
monly called  uthe  rattles."1 

The  term  Rale  has  been  given  to  different 
sounds  during  respiration,  caused  by  the  air 
passing  through  fluid  contained  in  the  bronchi, 
or  areola?  of  the  pulmonary  tissue;  and  which 
are  perceived  by  the  stethoscope. 

RALE  CREPITANT,  Rhonchus  crepitans,  see 
Crepitation. 

RALE  M UQ UE UX,  Rhon'ch us muco'sus,  Mu- 
cous Rattle,  Suhcrepitant  rhonchus,  Rale  sous-cre- 
pitant,  R-  bronchique  humide.  The  sound  pro- 
duced by  the  passage  of  air  through  mucus  ac- 
cumulated in  the  bronchi  or  trachea,  or  through 
softened  tubercular  matter.  This  rale  occurs 
in  catarrh,  and  in  softened  tubercle.  When 
carried  to  a  very  high  degree  it  constitutes 
gurgling,  (F.)  Gargouillement. 

RALE  SIBILANT,  Rhon'chus  sib' Hans,  Sibi- 
lant Rattle.  Aslight,  though  piolonged  whistling 
sound  occurring  either  at  the  commencement 
of  inspiration,  or  of  expiration,  owing  to  the 
presence  of  mucus,  thin  and  viscid,  but  not 
abundant,  which  obstructs,  more  or  less  com- 
pletely, the  smaller  bronchial  ramifications.  It 
is  seated  in  the  small  tubes,  and  occurs  in  the 
first  stage  of  bronchitis. 

RALE  SONORE,  Rale  bronchique  sec,  R.  ron- 
flnnt,  Rhonchus sono'rus.  Sonorous  Rattle.  A  sound 
resembling  at  times  the  snoring,  Ronflement,  of 
a  person  asleep,  at  others  the  sound  of  the  bass 
string  of  an  instrument  when  rubbed  with  the 
finger,  and  not  unfrequently  the  cooing  (F.) 
(Roucoulement)  of  a  dove.  It  seems  to  be  caused 


RALE  ViSWVLAIRE 


644 


RECTUM 


by  a  contraction  of  the  bronchial  tubes,  and  is 
characteristic  of  chronic  catarrh. 

RJJLE  VASICULAIRE,  see  Crepitation. 

RATTLEBUSH,  Sophora  tinctoria. 

RATTLESNAKE.Crotalushorridus— r.Leaf, 
Goodyera  pubescens — r.  Root,  Polygala  senega, 
Trillium  latifolium. 

RATTLESNAKE'S  MASTER,  Liatris  sca- 
riosa,  &c. 

RATTLE  WEED,  Aetata  racemosa. 

RATULA,  Raspatorium. 

RAUCE'DO,  Rau'citas,  Parapho'nia  rauca, 
Asper'itus  Arte'rix  as'perx,  Vox  rauca,  Bran- 
chus,  Hoarseness,  (F.)  Emouement,  Raucite.  A 
change  in  the  voice,  which  loses  its  smooth- 
ness and  becomes  low  and  obscure.  It  is  a 
common  symptom  in  diseases  of  the  larynx 
and  trachea. 

RAUCITAS,  Raucedo. 

RAUCITE,  Raucedo. 

RAVE,  Brassica  rapa. 

RAYONjXE,  Radiated. 

RAYOJYS  SOUSfRIEJVS,  Ciliary  processes. 

RAZOR,  Kovac'ula,  Tonsor'ius  Culler,  (F.) 
Rasoir,  from  ra.dere,  rasum,  'to  shave.'  An  in- 
strument for  shaving.  Used  in  surgery  to  re- 
move hairs,  where  they  would  interfere  with 
any  operation. 

REACTION,  Reac'tio,  from  re,  'again,'  and 
agere,  actum,  'to  act.'  An  action  of  resistance 
to  a  power  applied.  A  species  of  vital  move- 
ment or  excitement,  tending  to  prevent  or  de- 
stroy the  effects  of  any  noxious  power  applied 
to  the  animal  economy,  and  which,  by  some, 
has  been  attributed  to  the  vis  medicatrix  naturae. 
It  is  certainly  dependent  on  the  organic  instinc- 
tive actions  of  the  frame.  It  is  the  state  of  ac- 
tivity which  succeeds  the  action  on  the  nervous 
system  of  certain  morbific  influences. 

REAL/GAR,  Realgal,  Arluda,  Arladar,  Auri- 
pigmen'tu/n  rubrum,  Arsenicum  rub  rum  facti' ■ 
tium,  Abessi,  Sandara'cha  Grxco'rum,  Red  Sul- 
phur et  of  Mercury.  A  violent  poison.  See  Poison. 

REASON,  Ratio,  Logos,  (F.)  Raison.  Same 
etymon  as  Ratio  (q.  v.)  The  faculty  or  pro- 
perty of  the  mind,  by  means  of  which  man  per- 
ceives the  distinction  between  right  and  wrong, 
in  physics  as  well  as  morals.  Reason  is  a  just 
conclusion  resultingfrom  the  comparisonof  two 
ideas,  by  virtue  of  which  we  form  a  judgment. 

REBOLEA,  Mummy. 

REBONA,  Mummy. 

REBOUTEUR,  Renoueur. 

RECEPTACULA  DXJRM  MATRIS,  Sinuses 
of  the  dura  mater. 

RECEPTAC'ULUM  CHYLI, 'receptacle  of 
the  chyle,'  R.  Fecquet'i  seu  Pecquetia'num, 
Divcrso'rium  Chyli,  Stagnum  Ckyli,  Sac'culus 
chy'lifer  seu  ro'rifcr,Saccus  lactcus,Alveus  ampul- 
lo'sus  seu  ampuUcs'cens,  Ulric'ulus  lacleus,  Vesic'- 
ula  chyli,  Ampul' la  chylif  era  seu  chyli,  Cister'na 
lumba'ris,  C.  Chyli,  Chylocys'tis,  Chylodochi'um, 
Lat'ices  lae'lei,  (F.)  Reservoir  du  chyle,  R.  de 
Pecquet,  Citernc  lombaire.  A  considerable  dila- 
tation of  the  thoracic  duct,  in  front  of  the  lum- 
bar rejrion  of  the  vertebral  column. 

RECEPTAC'ULUM  COTUN'NIl.  A  tri- 
angular space,  formed  by  a  separation  of  the 
two  lamince  of  the  dura  mater  of  the  internal 
ear,  near  the  middle  of  the  posterior  surface  of 
the  pars  petrosa  of  the  temporal  bone,  where 
the  aquseductus  vestibuli  terminates.  It  is  al- 
ways filled  with  the  Fluid  of  Cotugno. 


Receptaculum  Pecqueti,  R.  Chyli. 

RECEPTIVITY,  (F.)  Rkce.plivite,  from  re> 
cipere,  receptum,  'to  receive.'  A  word,  used 
by  Tissot  to  express  the  susceptibility  of  cer- 
tain oro-ans  to  receive  morbific  impressions. 

RECESSIO,  Paroxysm. 

RECESSUS,  Abscess. 

RECHAMALCA,  Rachamelca. 

RECHUTE,  see  Relapse. 

R&CIDIVE,  see  Relapse. 

RECIPE,  (L.)  {re,  and  caper e, '  to  take.')  A 
Latin  word  which  signifies  'take,'  (F.)  Prenez, 
and  with  which  prescriptions  are  commenced. 
It  is,  often,  represented  by  R,  ^,  and,  was  for- 
merly by  2/  •     See  Abbreviation. 

RECLINA'TION,  Reclina'tio;  from  reclinare, 
(re,  and  clinare,  :to  bend,')  'to  bend  back.'  A 
mode  of  operating  for  the  cataract,  which  con- 
sists in  applying  the  needle  in  a  certain  man- 
ner to  the  anterior  surface  of  the  cataract  and 
depressing  it  into  the  vitreous  humour, in  such 
a  way,  that  the  front  surface  of  the  cataract  is 
the  upper  one  and  its  back  surface  the  lower 
one. 

RECOM POSITION,  Metasynchrisis. 

RECORPORATIVUS,  Metasyncritic. 

RECREMENT,  Rccremen'tum,  from  re,  and 
cernere,  cretum,  'to  sift.'  A  humour,  which, 
after  having  been  separated  from  the  blood,  is 
again  returned  to  it;  such  as  the  saliva,  the 
secretion  of  serous  membranes,  &c.  Such  fluid 
is  said  to  be  recrementilial,  (F.)  Rccrcmenleux, 
Recrementitiel. 

RECREMENTO-EXCREMENTITIAL. 
Applied  to  secreted  fluids,  as  the  saliva,  bile, 
&.C.,  which  are  in  part  reabsorbed  and  in  part 
excreted. 

RECRUDESCEN'TIA,  Palincole'sis,  Recru- 
des'cence,  from  re,  'again,'  and  crudus,  'raw.' 
An  increase  of  a  disease  after  a  temporary  re- 
mission. 

RECTIFICATION,  Rectifica'tw,  tcomrectum 
facere,  '  to  make  right.'  An  operation,  by  which 
certain  liquids  are  purified  by  distilling  them 
either  singly,  or  after  admixture  with  other 
substances. 

RECTFTIS.  A  hybrid  word,  from  rectum,  and 
itis,  denoting  inflammation;  properly  architis, or 
proctitis-     Inflammation  of  the  rectum. 

RECTO-VACINAL,  Recto-vagina' lis.  That 
which  relates  or  belongs  to  the  rectum  or  va- 
gina. 

RiiCTo-VAGiNAi.  Fistula  is  owing  to  a  pre- 
ternatural communication  between  the  rectum 
and  vagina,  through  the  above  septum. 

Recto-vaginal  Septum,  (F.)  Cloison  recto- 
vaginak  is  formed  by  the  junction — back  to 
back — (or  by  what  the  French  term  adosscmt.nl) 
of  the  rectum  and  vagina.  It  separates  these 
two  canals  from  each  other. 

RECTUM;  so  called  from  a  notion  that  it  is 
straight.  It  is  not  so.  Intexti'num  Rectum, 
Apcuthys'menos,  Euthyen'  tcron,  Longaon,  Lon- 
gas,  Longanon,  Archos,  Cys'saros,  Princeps, 
Monoco'lon  (?)  The  third  and  la3t  portion  of 
the  great  intpstine.  It  forms  the  continuation 
of  the  sigmoid  flexure  of  the  colon,  occupies 
the  posterior  part  of  the  pelvis,  and  extendi 
from  the  left  side  of  the  sacro-vertebral  articu- 
lation to  the  coccyx,  before  which  it  opens 
outwards  by  the  orifice  called  the  anus.  It  is 
cylindrical,  but  succaled,  as  it  were,  at  its  infe- 
rior portion,  where   it  is    consequently    larger, 


RECTUS  ABDOMINIS 


645 


RECURRENT  ARTERIES 


and  is  attached  to  the  sacrum  by  the  mesorec- 
tum.  Like  the  other  portions  of  the  canal  it 
is  formed  of  three  membranes.  Towards  the 
lower  extremity,  some  parallel  and  longitudinal 
wrinkles  are  observable  on  its  inner  surface: 
these  are  the  Columns  of  the  Rectum  or  of  Mor- 
gagni,  (F.)  Colonnes  du  rectum  ou  de  Morgagni. 
They  are  merely  foldsof  the  mucous  membrane, 
between  which  is  a  number  of  Lacuna.  The 
arteries  of  the  rectum  are  numerous.  They 
proceed  from  the  inferior  mesenteric,  hypogas- 
tric, and  internal  pudic,  and  are  called  hemor- 
rhoidal (q.  v.)  The  veins  open,  partly  into  the 
hypogastric  vein,  partly  into  the  inferior  me- 
senteric. The  nerves  proceed  from  the  sciatic 
and  hypogastric  plexuses.  The  rectum  receives 
the  faecal  matters,  a3  they  pass  from  the  colon, 
which  serves  as  a  reservoir. 

RECTUS  ABDOMINIS,  Buhio-sternal,  Ster- 
no-pubien  (Ch.,)  (F.)  Droit  de  l abdomen.  A 
long  flat  muscle,  situate  at  the  anterior  part  of 
the  abdomen,  and  separated  from  that  of  the 
opposite  side  by  the  linea  alba.  It  is  attached, 
above,  to  the  cartilages  of  the  last  three  true 
ribs;  and,  below,  to  the  pubis  by  a  very  strong 
tendon,  the  outer  edge  of  which  is  continuous 
with  the  fascia  transversalis.  This  muscle  is 
enclosed  in  an  aponeurotic  sheath;  and,  in  its 
course,  has  three  or  four  transverse,  aponeu- 
rotic intersections.  It  bends  the  chest  on  the 
pelvis,  and  conversely. 

Rectus  Antekjor  Brevis,  Rectus  capitis 
interims  minor — r.  Anterior  longus,  R.  capitis 
internus  major — r.  Capitis  anticus  longus,  R.  c. 
internus  major. 

Rectus  Capitis  Internus  Major,  i?.  inter- 
nus major,  R.  anterior  longus,  Trachelo-basilairc, 
Rectus  capitis  anti'cus  lo?igus,  (F.)  Grand  droit 
anterieur  de  la  the.  This  muscle  is  long  in 
proportion  to  its  breadth ;  flat, and  broader  above 
than  below.  It  is  situate  at  the  anterior  and 
lateral  part  of  the  neck,  and  arises  from  the 
transverse  processes  of  the  3d,  4th, 5th,  and  6th 
cervical  vertebrae  It  is  inserted  into  the  basi- 
lary  process  of  the  occipital  bone. 

Rectus  Capitis  Internus  Minor, R.internus 
■minor,  Ren'uens,  Jln'nvens,  R.  anterior  brevis, 
Petit  trachelo-basilairc,  (F.)  Petit  droit  anterieur 
de  la  tetc.  This  is  situate  deeper  than  the  last. 
It  is  thin,  flattened,  irregularly  quadrilateral, 
and  passes  from  the  anterior  surface  of  the 
body  of  the  first  vertebra,  near  the  origin  of  the 
transverse  process,  to  be  inserted  into  the  basi- 
lary  process. 

Rectus  Capitis  Latera'lis,  22.  lateralis  Fal- 
lu'pii,  Transversa' lis  anti'cus  primus,  Rectus 
lateralis,  Trachelo-atloido-basilairc,  Allo'ido-sous- 
occipital  (Ch.,)  (F.)  Droit  lateral  de  la  tete. 
There  is  a  muscle  of  this  name  on  each  side  of 
the  head.  It  is  flat,  quadrilateral,  and  passes 
from  the  transverse  process  of  the  atlas  to  the 
occiput,  behind  the  jugular  fossa.  It  inclines 
the  dead  to  one  side. 

Rectus  Capitis  Posti'cus  Major,  R.  Major, 
R.  Capitis  posti'cus  minor  (Jilbinus,)  Spini-axoido- 
nccipitalis,  dxoido-oecipitale  (Ch.,)  (F.)  Grand 
droit  postirieur  de  la  tetc.  A  flat,  triangular 
muscle  situate  at  the  posterior  and  superior 
part  of  the  neck.  It  extends  from  the  spinous 
process  of  the  second  cervical  vertebra  to  the 
external  surface  of  the  lower  semicircular  ridge 
of  the  occipital  bone.  This  muscle  extends  the 
head;  inclines  it  to  one  side;  and  causes  it  to 


experience  a  rotary  motion,  which  directs  the 
face  to  its  side. 

Rectus  Capitis  Posti'cus  Minor,  R.  3Rnor, 
Tuber- atlo'ido- occipital,  Allo'ido-occipilal  (Ch.,) 
(F.)  Petit  droit  posterieur  de  la  tite.  A  flat, 
triangular  muscle,  situate  beneath  the  last,  and 
whicli  passes  from  the  posterior  arch  of  the 
atlas  to  the  occipital  bone.    It  extends  the  head. 

Rectus  Capitis  Posticus  Minor,  R.  c.  p. 
major — r.  Cruris,  R.  femoris. 

Rectus  Externus  Oculi,  Abductor  oculi,  In- 
dignahun' dus ,  Indignato'rius,  Iracun'dus,  Oc'- 
ulum  rnovens  secundus,  Orbito-eztirs-sclcroticien. 
All  the  recti  muscles  of  the  eye,  four  in  num- 
ber, arise  from  the  bottom  of  the  orbit,  and  are 
inserted  into  the  sclerotic  coat  of  the  eye.  The 
Rectus  externvs,  (F.)  Droit  externe,  Irascible,  ou 
Abducteur  is  divided,  at  its  posterior  extremity, 
into  two  portions,  one  of  which  is  attached  to 
the  outer  part  of  the  foramen  opticum,  and  the 
other  to  the  sphenoid  bone. 

Rectus  Femoris,  Rectus  sive  grac"ilis  ante- 
rior, Rectus  cruris,  lliorotulien,  (F.)  Droit  ante- 
rieur de  la  cuisse.  A  straight  muscle  seated  at 
the  anterior  part  of  the  thigh.  It  extends  from 
the  anterior  and  inferior  spine  of  the  ilium  and 
the  cotyloid  cavity  of  the  patella.  This  muscle 
extends  the  leg  upon  the  thigh,  and  conversely. 
It  can,  also,  bend  the  thigh  upon  the  pelvis  or 
carry  the  pelvis  forward. 

Rectus  Inferior  Ocum,  Depres'sor  oculi, 
Tim'idus,  Dep'rimens,  Hu'milis,  Oc'idum  rno- 
vens quartus,  Sous-optico  sphe'no-scMrolicien,  (F.) 
Droit  infericur  ou  abaisseur  de  I' ail,  Muscle  hum- 
ble, arises  below  the  optic  foramen,  from  the 
sphenoid  bone.    It  depresses  the  eye. 

Rectus  Internus  Oculi,  Addu'cens  oculi,  Bi- 
bito'rius,  Oculi  adductor,  Oculum  movens  primus, 
Orbitn-intus-sclcroticien,  (F.)  Droit  interne  de 
I'ccU  ou  adducteur  ou  buveur.  It  arises  from  the 
sphenoid  at  the  inferior  part  of  the  foramen  op- 
ticum.    It  turns  the  eye  towards  the  nose. 

Rectus  Superior  Oculi,  Atlol'lens  oculi,  Le- 
vator oculi,  Superlms,  Eleva'tor  oculi,  Oculum  mo- 
vens terlius,  fius-optico-spheno-scleroticien,  (F.) 
Droit  supcrieur  ou  iUvateur  de  I' ceil,  Dcdaigneur, 
is  attached  to  the  circumference  of  the  foramen 
opticum. 

(All  the  recti  muscles  are  concerned  in  the 
voluntary  motions  of  the  eye.  The  oblique 
muscles  have  been  supposed  by  Sir  C.  Bell  to 
execute  the  involuntary.   [?]) 

Rectus  Interior  Femoris,  Gracilis — r.  In- 
ternus major,  R.  capitis  internus  major — r.  In- 
ternus minor,  R.  capitis  internus  minor — r.  La- 
teralis, R.  capitis  lateralis — r.  Lateralis  Fallopii, 
R.  c.  lateralis — r.  Major, R.  capitis  posticus  major 
— r.  Minor,  R.  capitis  posticus  minor. 

RECUBITOR1UM,  Anaclinterium. 

RECUR'RENT,  Recurrens;  from  recurrere, 
(re,  and  cwrcre,)  '  to  run  back.'  A  name  given 
to  several  arterial  and  nervous  branches,  which 
seem  to  re-ascend  towards  the  origin  of  the 
trunk  whence  they  emanated. 

Recurrent  Arteries.  This  name  has  been 
given  to  several  arteries  of  the  forearm,  and  to 
one  of  the  leg.  In  the  forearm,  there  are,  1, 
The  Radial  recurrent,  Arttre  recurrente  de  I'epi- 
condylc,  (Ch.)  which  arises  from  the  superior 
part  of  the  radial,  and  ascends  between  the  su- 
pinator longus,  s.  brevis,  and  the  brachialis  in- 
ternus. 2.  The  anterior  cubital  recurrent,  Ji. 
recurrente  de  Vepitrochlee,  (Ch.)  which  arises 


RECURRENT  BANDAGES 


646 


RELAXANT 


from  the  upper  and  inner  part  of  the  cubital, 
and  ascends  between  the  pronator  teres  and 
brachials  internus.  3.  The  posterior  cubital  re- 
current, which  arises  from  the  preceding  artery, 
or  from  the  cubital  itself,  and  ascends  between 
the  olecranon  and  internal  tuberosity  of  the 
humerus.  4.  The  posterior  radial  recurrent,  A. 
recurrente  olecranienne,  (Ch.)  It  arises  from  the 
posterior  interosseous,  and  ascends  between  the 
posterior  cubital  and  anconeus  muscles.  In  the 
leg, — the  Arteria  recurrens  tibia'lis,  J\.  recurrente 
du  genou,  (Ch.)  is  furnished  by  the  anterior  ti- 
bial, and  ascends  to  the  tibialis  anticus  muscle. 

Recurrent  Bandages  are  formed  by  convo- 
lutions of  the  bandages,  which  make  a  kind  of 
cap  for  the  part — as  the  head — to  which  they 
are  applied. 

RECUR VATIO,  see  Hump. 

REDBEAN,  Abrus  precatorius. 

REDBERRY,  Arbutus  uva  ursi,  Gaultheria, 
Panax  quinquefolium — r. Bitter,  Cornus  Florida 
— r.  Swamp,  Vaccinium  oxycoccos. 

RED1MICULUM,  Diadema. 

REDINGOTES  ANGLAISES,  Condom. 

REOONDANCE,  Plethora. 

REDOUBLEMEJVT,  Exacerbation,  Pa- 
roxysm. 

RED  ROOT,  Celastrus,  Sanguinaria  Cana- 
densis. 

REDS,  Menses. 

REDUCTIO,  Taxis. 

REDUCTION,  Reduc'tio,  Reposi"tio,  Resti- 
tutio, from  re,  and  ducere,ductum,  'to  lead.'  A 
surgical  operation,  the  object  of  which  is  to  re- 
store displaced  parts  to  their  original  situation. 
Thus,  we  say  the  reduction  of  a  luxation,  when 
the  displaced  parts  are  again  brought  to  their 
proper  relative  situation.  The  reduction  of  a 
hernia  is  the  restoration  of  the  protruded  parts 
to  the  cavity  of  the  abdomen.  This  is,  also, 
called  Taxis. 

REDUNDANTIA,  Plethora. 

REDUVIA,  Paronychia. 

REFECTIO,  Restauratio. 

REFLECTION,  Duplicature. 

REFLEX  SYSTEM  OF  NERVES,  see  Nerves. 

REFRACTION,  Pkotocamp'sis,  from  re,  and 
frango,  'I  break.'  The  change  of  direction 
which  rays  of  light  experience  when  they  pass 
obliquely  from  one  medium  into  another  of  dif- 
ferent density.  If  the  light  passes  from  a  rarer 
to  a  denser  medium  it  approaches  the  perpen- 
dicular raised  at  the  point  of  immersion.  The 
contrary  occurs,  when  it  goes  from  a  denser  to 
a  rarer  medium.  The  theory  of  lenses,  tele- 
scopes, and  of  the  eye,  rests  entirely  on  this 
property  of  light. 

RlLFRAWHISSJiNTS,  Refrigerants. 

REFRIC'ERANTS,  Re.frigeran'tia,  Psych' - 
tica,  (F.)  Refraickissans,  Rifrigeratifs,  from  re, 
and  frigere,  'to  cool.'  Medicines,  which  de- 
press the  morbid  temperature  of  the  body.  The 
chief  reputed  refrigerants  are  the  Potassos  Ni- 
tras,  (?)  the  Sodoe  Boras,  (?)  but  chiefly  the  ab- 
straction of  caloric  by  ice  and  iced  drinks,  cold 
water,  cold  lemonades,  soda  water,  and  effer- 
vescing draughts  internally;  and  externally 
cool  air,  ice,  cold  water,  evaporating  lotions  and 
frigorific  mixtures. 

R&FRIGERATIFS,  Refrigerants. 

REGENERATIO,  Reproduction. 

REGENERATION,  Regenera'tio,  Palinge- 
ncsia,  from  re,  and  generare,  'to  beget.'     Repro- 


duction of  a  part  of  the  body,  which  has  been 
destroyed. 

REG"IMEN,  from  regere,  'to  govern.'  The 
rational  and  methodical  use  of  food,  and  of 
every  thing  essential  to  life;  both  in  a  state  of 
health  and  disease.  It  is  often  restricted,  in  its 
meaning,  to  Diet.  It  is  sometimes  used  syno- 
nymously with  Hygiene. 

REGINA  PR  ATI,  Spiraea  ulmaria. 

REGIO  CARD1ACA,  Epigastric  region-r. 
Hypochondriaca,  Hypochondre — r.  Stoinacha- 
lis,  Epigastric  region — r.  Stomachica,  Epigas- 
tric region. 

RE'GION,  Regio.  Same  etymon.  Anato- 
mists have  called  regions,  determinate  spaces 
on  the  surface  of  the  body  or  of  different  organs. 
Thus,  the  abdomen  has  been  divided  into  seve- 
ral; to  which  different  names  have  been  given. 
See  Abdomen,  Epigastrium,  Hypochondrium, 
Hypogastrium,  &c. 

R£GIOjY  OMBILICALE,  Umbilical  region. 

REGIONAL  ANATOMY,  see  Anatomy. 

RAGLES,  Menses — r.  Deviees,  Menstruation, 
Vicarious—?-.  Difficiles,  Dysmenorrhoea. 

R&GL1SSE,  Glycyrrhiza. 

REGLUTINATIO,  Decolkment. 

R&GJVE  ANIMAL,  see  Animal. 

REGULUS  ANTIMON11,  Antimonium. 

REGURGITATION,  Regurgita'lio.  The 
act  by  which  a  canal  or  reservoir  frees  itself, 
without  effort,  from  substances  accumulated  in 
it.  Usually,  it  is  applied  to  the  -puking  or  pos- 
seting of  infants;  and  to  the  rising  of  solids  or 
fluids  into  the  mouth  in  the  adult, — from  re, 
and  gorge,  'the  throat.'  What  is  called  "vo- 
miting at  pleasure  "  is  regurgitation. 

The  substances  brought  into  the  mouth  by 
regurgitation,  the  French  call  Renvois. 

REIN,  Kidney. 

REINE  DES  PR&S,  Spiraea  ulmaria. 

REINFORCEMENT,  FASCICULUS  OF, 
F.  Cunea'tus.  A  band  of  fibres  from  the  corpus 
innominatum  or  lateral  part  of  the  antero-lateral 
column  of  the  medulla,  which  is  continued  up 
behind  and  around  the  corpus  olivare,  is  lined 
on  its  inner  or  central  surface  with  cineritious 
substance,  enlarges  as  it  ascends,  passes  over 
the  upper  surface  of  the  pons  Varolii,  and  is 
expanded  into  the  optic  thalamus.  It  thus 
forms,  in  its  course,  the  anterior  paries  of  the 
4th  ventricle,  and  is  brought  into  view  by 
brushing  away  the  tuberculum  cinereum  or  gray 
matter  of  the  ventricle.  The  band  has  received 
these  names  owing  to  its  constantly  increasing 
as  it  ascends,  and  being  mixed  up  with  gray 
matter  on  its  inner  face,  from  which  it  seems 
to  derive  new  fibres. 

REJECTIO,  Anago'gS,  from  re,  and  jaccre, 
'  to  cast.'  Every  excretion  by  the  mouth ;  spit- 
ting, expectoration,  regurgitation  or  vomiting. 

Rf.jectio  Sanguinis  k  Pulmonibus,  Haemop- 
tysis. 

RELACHEMENT,  Relaxation. 

RE  LAPSE,  Hypol'ropZ,  Hypotropiasmus,  from 
re,  'again,'  and  labor,  'I  fall  down.'  There- 
turn  of  a  disease,  during,  or  shortly  after,  con- 
valescence. The  French  use  Rechvte  in  this 
sense;  and  Rccidicc,  {Morbus  recidi' mis,)  for  the 
return  of  a  complaint,  at  a  greater  or  less  period 
after  the  complete  "restoration  of  health. 

RELATIO,  Rapport. 

RELAXANT,  Laxans,  Malacl'icum,  (F.)  Re- 
Idchant;  from  re,  and  laxare,  '  to  loose.'     A  me- 


RELAXANTIA 


G47 


REPRODUCTION 


dicine  which  diminishes  the  tension  of  organs.  I 
Mucilaginous  and  fatty  substances  are  relaxants. 
RELAXANTIA,  Emollients. 
RELAXATION.  'Same  etymon.  Chala'sis, 
Chalas'mos,  (F.)  Relachement.  In  Physiology, 
relaxation  is  opposed  to  contraction.  In  Patho- 
logy, it  means  great  looseness  of  a  part. 

RELE  VEUR  DE  LAMS,  Levator  ani— r. 
de  la  Levre  infcrieure,  Levator  labii  inferioris — 
r.  du  Menton,  Levator  labii  inferioris — r.  de 
VOmoplate,  Levator  scapulas — r.  de  la  Prostute, 
Levator  prostatas — r.  de  I'Urethre,  Levator  ure- 
thras. 

RELIQUAT,  (F.)  The  remnant  or  remains 
of  a  disease. 

REM&DE,  Clyster,  Medicament— r.  du  Ca- 
puchin, Liquor  hydrargyri  nitrici — r.  du  Due 
d' An  tin,  Liquor  hydrargyri  nitrici. 
REMEDIUM,  Juvans,  Medicament. 
REMEDY,  Medicament  — r.  English,  Cin- 
chona. 

REMISSIO,  Decline. 

REMIS'SION,  An'esis,  Submis'sio,  Aph'esis, 
En'dosis,  Remis'sio,  from  remittere,  (re,  and 
mittere,  'to  send,')  '  to  relax.'  In  a  more  exten- 
sive signification,  a  temporary  diminution  of 
the  symptoms  of  a  disease,  either  acute  or 
chronic.  Diminution  in  the  febrile  symptoms, 
such  as  occurs  in  a  remittent  fever,  between 
the  exacerbations. 
REMITTENS  ICTERODES,  Fever,  yellow. 
REMITTENT,  Remiltens.  Same  etymon. 
Any  disease  which  prevents  remissions,  (q.  v.) 
Remittent  Fever,  Febris  rcmit'lens,  Epan'- 
etus,  (F.)  Fie~cre  remiltente,  is  one  which  stri- 
kingly exacerbates  and  remits,  but  without  in- 
termission. The  ordinary  bilious  fever  of  the 
United  States  is  a  simple  remittent — Epanetus 
tnitis,  (F.)  Fievre  remiltente  simple. 

REM'ORA,  from  remora'ri,  (re,  and  mora, 
'  delay,')  '  to  arrest.'  The  name  of  two  surgical 
instruments,  intended  to  retain  parts  in  situ. 
The  one  was  used,  formerly,  in  castration,  to 
prevent  the  intestines  from  protruding  at  the 
inguinal  ring;  the  other,  called  Remora  Hil- 
da'ni,  (F.)  Arret  d'Htldan,  Echene'is,  t/irr,!;, 
was  employed  to  maintain  fractures  and  luxa- 
tions reduced.  It  is  not  now  used. 
Remora  Ahatri,  Ononis  spinosa. 
REN,  Kidney. 

RENAL,  Rena'lis,  from  Ren,  '  the  kidney.' 
That  which  relates  to  the  kidney. 

Renal  or  Emul'gent  Arteries  are  very  large 
and  short,  and  commonly  two  in  number, — one 
to  each  kidney.  They  arise  from  the  sides  of 
the  abdominal  aorta,  forming  with  it  a  right 
angle.  The  left  is  commonly  a  little  more  an- 
terior and  elevated  than  the  right.  After  a 
short  course,  they  arrive  at  the  fissure  of  the 
kidney,  where  they  divide,  before  entering  it, 
into  three  or  four  very  considerable  branches. 
Renal  or  Emulgent  Plexuses.  These  are 
two: — one  on  each  side.  They  proceed  from 
fasciculi  of  the  solar  and  cccliac  plexuses;  from 
the  outer  part  of  the  semilunar  ganglion  and 
the  final  expansion  of  the  small  splanchnic 
nerves.  These  plexuses  begin  by  three  or  four 
ganglions,  situate  at  the  commencement  of  the 
renal  artery;  and  they  give  oft'  from  their  cir- 
cumference many  fine,  straight  filaments,  which 
do  not  anastomose,  and  which  enter  the  kidney 
with  the  divisions  of  the  renal  artery.  These 
divisions  they  accompany. 


Renal  or  Emulgf.nt  Veins.  These  are  very 
large.  Their  roots  follow  the  same  course  as 
the  arteries  in  the  substance  of  the  kidney.  In 
the  fissure  or  pelvic  portion  of  the  kidney",  they 
unite  into  a  single  trunk,  which  passes  trans- 
versely inwards,  and  opens  at  the  side  of  the 
vena  cava  descendens. 

RENCHUS,  Snoring,  Sterlor. 

RENES  SUCCENTURIATI.  Capsules, renal. 

RENNES,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Ther- 
mal salines  in  the  department  of  Aube,  France, 
containing  carbonic  acid  and  chloride  of  mag- 
nesium.    Temperature  103°  to  121°,  of  Fahr. 

RENNET,  Runnet,ftom  (G.)  ge  r  i  n  ne  n,  'to 
coagulate.'  (?)  When  the  fourth  stomach  or 
Momasus  (q.  v.),  of  the  calf  is  salted  and  dried, 
it  possesses  the  property  of  coagulating  milk, 
when  a  portion  of  it  is  soaked  in  water,  and  the 
infusion  is  added  to  milk. 

RENONCULE,  Ranunculus  —  r.  Bulbeuse, 
Ranunculus  bulbosus. 

RENOUlLE,  Polygonum  aviculare. 

RENOUEUR,  (F.)  Rebouteur,  Rhabilleur.  A 
bone-doctor: — a  bone-setter.  One  who  makes  a 
trade  of  reducing  fractures  and  dislocations. 

RENOVATIO,  Ananeosis. 

RENUENS,  Rectus  capitis  internus  minor. 

RENUNC1ATIO,  Rapport. 

RENVERSEMENT  DE  LA  LANGUE,  Pa- 
raglossa  —  r.  de  la  Matrice,  Uterus,  inversion  of 
the — r.  des  Paupieres,  Ectropion — r.  du  Rectum, 
Proctocele  —  r.  de  la  Vessie,  Exocyste,  Exstro- 
phia  of  the  bladder. 

RENVOIS,  see  Regurgitation. 

REPANDATIO,  Lordosis. 

REPEL'LENTS,  Repellen'tia,  Repercutien'tia, 
Apocrus'tica,  (F.)  Repercussifs,  from  re,  and  pel- 
lere,  'to  drive.'  Medicines  which,  when  ap- 
plied to  a  tumefied  part,  cause  the  fluids,  that 
render  it  tumid,  to  recede,  as  it  were,  from  it. 
Astringents,  cold  water,  ice,  &c,  are  repellents. 

REPERCUSSIFS,  Repellents. 

REPERCUSSIO,  Contra-fissura. 

REPERCUS'SION,  Anac'lasis,  from  re,  per, 
and  quatere,  'to  shake,  or  batter.'  Disappear- 
ance of  a  tumour  or  cutaneous  eruplion,  in  con- 
sequence of  the  application  of  a  repellent.  The 
action  of  a  repellent  remedy.  The  French  wri- 
ters use  the  term  Delitescence  for  the  sudden  dis- 
appearance of  a  tumour,  inflammation, eruptive 
disease,  or  purulent  collection,  without  the  dis- 
ease occurring  in  any  other  part  of  the  body  :  in 
this  respect  delitescence  differs  from  metastasis: 
Delitescence  of  an  inflammation  or  'sudden  dis- 
appearance,' is  distinguished  by  certain  French 
pathologists  from  Resolution,  (q.  v.)  Repercus- 
sion also  means  Ballottement,  (q.  v.) 

REPERCUTIENTIA,  Repellents. 

REPLETIO,  Fulness,  Plethora. 

REPLl  LONGITUDINAL  DE  LA  JI/£'- 
NINGE,  Falx  cerebri. 

REPOSITIO,  Reduction,  Taxis. 

REPOUSSOIR,  Punch— r.d'Arkes,  Probang. 

REPRODUCTION,  Regenera'tio,  from  re, 
and  producere,  (pro,  and  ducere.)  The  function 
by  which  living  bodies  produce  bodies  similar 
to  themselves.  See  Generation.  As  a  general 
remark,  it  will  be  found  true,  that  the  larger 
animals  are  uniparous;  and  the  smaller,  which 
are  more  exposed  to  destruction,  multiparous. 
The  mammalia  being  of  the  same  natural  class 
as  man,  it  may  be  useful  to  compare  them  in 
this  respect. 


REPRODUCTION 


648 


RES  NATURALES 


COMPARATIVE  TABLE  OF  REPRODUCTION  IN  THE  CLASS  MAMMALIA. 


Species. 


Primates. 
Man, 

Monkeys,  (large) 

Do.      (long  tailed,).. 

Carnivora. 

Bear, 

Badger, 

Hedgehog, 

Ferret, 

Otter, 

Pole-cat,.. ..  \ 
.Marten,  . . ..  ( 

Weasel,  and  t 

Ermine, ; 

Didelphus, —  } 

Opossum,  and  > 

Philander,. .. .  ) 

Lion, 

Tiger, ) 

Leopard,..  \ 

Lynx, 

Wild  Cat, 

Wolf, 

Dog  in  the  most  natural  > 

state, r j 

Fox, 


Age  capable  of  en 
gendering. 


14  years 
3  years 
2  years 


2  years 


1  year 
11  months 


before  1  year 


Jackall, 
Isatis,.. 
Phoca,.. 


Rodenlia. 

Squirrel, 

Flying  Squirrel,.. 

Ondatra, 

Beaver, 

Hare, 

Rabbit, 

Rat, 

Mouse, 

Marmot, 

Guinea  Pig, 

Dormouse, 


Edentata. 
Armadilla, 


Ruminantia. 

Camel, 

Dromedary, 

Buffalo, , 

Beef, 

Lama, , 

Reindeer, 

Buck  and  Doe, 

Roebuck, 

Saiga  (Antelope,) 

Chamois  and  Wild  Goat 

Goat, 

Musimon, 

Sheep, 


Horse 
Ass,.. 
Zebra. 


Soliprdes. 


2  years 
Do. 


before  1  year 
2  years 

10  months 

1  vear. 


Duration  of  gesta- 
tion. 


9  months 
7  months 
6  months 


112  days 


1  mo.  and  10  dayd 

Do. 

3  months 

56  days 


Number  of  young  at 
each  birth. 


1  to  3 


to  3  ) 
Do.  \ 
Do.    S 


1  year. 


1  year 

6  months 
Do. 
Do. 


5  to  6  weeks. 
1  year 


4  vears 

Do. 
3  years 

2  years 

3  years 
2  years 
1|  vear 

Do. 
1  year 

Do. 

Do. 
1J  year 
1  year 


Z\  vears 
Do. 
Do. 


Paehydermala. 

Hog, 9  months  or  1  year 

|  Elephant, I        10  years(?) 

Rhinoceros, 5  years?) 

Hippopotamus, I 

Morse, | 


3  to  4  months 

3  months 

9  weeks 
56  days 
73  days 

63  days 

2  months 
•  Do. 

63  davs 

3  mdnths(?) 

45  days 


4  months 

30  days 

Do. 

5  or  6  weeks 

1  month 

6  weeks 

3  weeks 


11  months  or  1  y'r 

Do. 

9  months 

Do. 


8  months 

Do 
5  months 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 


290  days 
Do. 
Do. 


4  months 
9  to  11  months. 


9  months 


1  to  4 
3  to  4 
3  to  5 
5  to  9  twice  a  year 
3  to  4 

3  to  6 


4  to  6 

3  to  4 

4  to  5 

3  to  4 

4  to  6 

5  to  9 

3  to  6 

Do. 

5  to  8 

6  to  7 
2  to  3 


3  to  4  twice  a  year 
3  to  4 

3  to  5 
2  to  3 

(  2  to  4  several  ) 
(  times  a  year  \ 

4  to  8  do. 

5  to  6  do. 
Do. 

2  to  4 

5  to  8  times  a  year 

3  too 


4  times  a  year 


1 
1 
1 
1  to  2 
Do. 
1 
lto2 
Do. 
Do. 
1,2,  and  3 
Do. 
1  to  2 
Do. 


1  to  2 
Do. 
Do. 


10  to  20 
1  or  2 
1  or2(?) 

1 

1 


Period  of  cessation  of  the 
functions. 


At  a  somewhat  advanced 


25  to  30  years. 
20  to  25  years. 

Produces  during  life. 


8  to  10  years. 


10  years.  (?) 

20  to  25  years. 
Do. 

9  years. 

15  to  20  years. 

15  years. 

10  or  12  years. 


Produces  during  life. 

Do. 

Lives  6  years. 

Lives  8  years. 

Lives  8  or  9  years. 

Produces  during  life. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 


7  to  8  years.  (?) 


40  to  50  years. 
Do. 

15  to  18  years. 
9  years. 

12  years. 
Lives  16  years. 
Lives  25  or  30  years. 
Lives  12  or  15  years. 
Lives  15  or  20  years. 
Lives  18  or  20  years. 

7  years. 

8  or  10  years. 
8  years. 


25  or  30  years. 
Do. 
Do. 


15  years. 
Lives  70  years.  (?) 
Lives  60  years.  (?) 


REPULSORIUM,  Punch. 

REPURGA'TIO,  Macathar'sis,  from  re,  and 
purgare,  '  to  cleanse.'  According  to  Castelli — 
purgation  by  transpiration  or  by  expectoration. 
Medicines  producing  this  effect  are  called  Re- 
purgan'tia. 

RES  CONTRA-NATURMI.  'Things against 
nature,'   (F.)  Cltoses   contre -nature,  are    those 


things  which  tend  to  destroy  man; — as  disease, 
and  every  thing  connected  with  it. 

Res  Culinaria,  Culinary  art  —  r.  Medica, 
Medicina. 

Res  Natura'les,  (F.)  Choses  naturelles.  Those 
things,  which, by  their  union,  were  conceived  to 
constitute  the  nature  of  man ;  such  as  the  ele- 
ments, temperaments,  humours,  spirits,  &c. 


RES  NON  NATURALES 


649 


RESPIRATOR 


Res  Non  Natura'les,  (F.)  Glioses  non-natu- 
relics.  Those  things  which,  anciently,  formed 
the  matter  of  hygiene.     See  JNon-naturals. 

Res  Venerea,  Coition — r.  Vestiaria,  Vestitus. 

R£SEAU,  Rete — r.  Admirable,  Rete  mirabile 
— r.  Merveilleux,  Rete  mirabile. 

RESECTION,  Resec'Uo,  from  resecare,  (re, 
and  secure,)  'to  cut  off.'  A  name,  given,  espe- 
cially by  the  French  surgeons,  to  operations,  in 
which  the  carious  extremities  of  long  bones, 
or  the  unconsolidated  extremities  of  fractured 
bones  forming  irregular  joints,  are  removed 
with  the  saw. 

RESECTION,  see  Amputation. 

RESE'DA  LUTE'OLA,  Weld,  Dyers  Weed. 
A  European  plant  naturalized  in  the  United 
States,  which  was  at  one  time  used  as  a  diapho- 
retic and  diuretic. 

RESERVOIR  DE  LA  BILE,  Gall-bladder— 
r.  du  Chyle,  Receptaculum  chyli — r.  des~Larm.es, 
Lachrymal  sac — r.  of  Pecquet,  Cistern,  lumbar 
— r.  de  Pecquet,  Receptaculum  chyli. 

RESIDENTIA,  Sediment. 

RESIMUS,  Camus. 

RESIN,  Resi'nn,  Rheli'ne.  A  vegetable  pro- 
duct, commonly  dry  and  concrete,  more  or  less 
brittle,  inodorous  or  slightly  odorous,  insipid,  or 
of  an  acrid  warm  taste;  of  a  smooth,  glassy 
fracture,  heavier  than  water,  inflammable,  in- 
soluble in  water,  soluble  in  alcohol,  ether,  end 
yolk  of  an  egg,  and  negatively  electrifiable  by 
friction.  Many  resins  are  used  in  medicine; 
the  greater  part  are  purgative  and  irritating. 
Some  act  like  acrid  poisons. 

Resin,  Cayenne,  Caoutchouc — r.  of  the 
Spruce  fir,  see  Pinus  abies. 

RESINA  AB1ETIS,  see  Pinus  Abies— r. 
Abietis,  see  Pinus  picea — r.  Abietis  humida, 
see  Pinus  abies — r.  Abietis  sicca,  see  Pinus 
abies — r.  Alba,  see  Pinus  sylvestris — r.  Alba 
humida,  see  Pinus  Abies— r.  Copal,  Copal — r. 
Elastica,  Caoutchouc — r.  Flava,  see  Pinus  syl- 
vestris— r.  Fluida  Canadensis,  see  Pinus  bal- 
samea — r.  Juniperi,  Sandarac — r.  Laricis,  see 
Pinus  larix — r.  Lentiscina,  see  Pistachia  len- 
tiscus — r.  Liquida  pini  balsamea?,  see  Pinus 
balsamea — r.  Liquida  pini  laricis,  see  Pinus 
larix — r.  Nigra,  Colophonia — r.  Pini,  see  Pinus 
sylvestris — r.  Pini  empyreumatica  liquida,  see 
Pinus  sylvestris — r.  Pini  abietis  sponte  concreta, 
see  Pinus  abies — r.  Strobilina,  see  Pinus  bal- 
samea, and  Pinus  mughos — r.  Terebinthi,  see 
Pistachia  terebinthus. 

RESINA'TUM,  Rhetino'ton,  ^tivqtov.  An 
epithet  for  wine  impregnated  with  resin,  and 
used  by  the  ancients  as  a  stomachic. 

RESINE  DE  GOMART,see  Burseragummi- 
fera—  r.  de  Lierre,  see  Hedera  helix. 

RESINOCE'RUM,  Rlutinocc'ron,  from  §>jtiv>j, 
'resin;'  and  x>/go?,  '  wax.'  A  mixture  of  resin 
and  wax. — Galen. 

PESOLUTIO  MEMBRORUM,  Paralysis— 
r.  Nervorum,  Paralysis. 

RESOLUTION,  Resolu'tio,  Discus'sio,  from 
resolvere,  (re,  and  solvere,  'to  loosen.')  One  of 
the  terminations  of  inflammation,  in  which  the 
inflamed  part  returns  gradually,  and  without 
suppuration  to  the  healthy  condition. 

RESOLUTION DES  MEMBRES,  Paralysis. 

RESOLVENTIA,  Discutients. 

RES'ONANCE,  (F.)  Retenlissement,  from  re, 

'acrain,'   and   sono,    'I  sound.'       'A  return   of 

sound.'     A  thrilling  of  the  voice  more  loud  than 

42 


natural.;  or  its  existence  in  a  part  where  it  is 
not  heard  in  health;  as  detected  by  ausculta- 
tion. A  thickened  and  hardened  state  of  the 
lung,  caused  either  by  a  massof  crude  tubercles, 
or  by  inflammation,  is  generally  considered  to 
produce  this  phenomenon,  by  rendering  the 
lung  a  better  conductor  of  the  murmur  of  the 
voice  in  the  bronchi.  Hence  the  origin  of  the 
term  Bronchophony,  from  (ioovvog,  'bronchus,' 
and  <pwvtj,  'the  voice.'  (F.)  Voix  bronchique, 
Voix  tubaire,  V.  bourdonnante. 

RESON1TUS,  Contra -fissura. 

RESORPTIO,  Absorption. 

RESORPTION,  Resorp'tio,  from  rcsorbere, 
(re,  and  sorbcre,)  'to  absorb  again.'  Absorption 
of  a  fluid,  which  has  been  previously  deposited 
in  a  part  by  the  exhalants: — as  of  pus,  blood, 
serum,  &c. 

RES'PIRABLE,  Respirab'ilis.  Same  etymon 
as  Respiration  (q.  v.)  Any  gas  which  can  be 
breathed  without  positive  danger  is  so  called. 

RESPIRAMEN,  Respiration. 

RESPIRAMENTUM,  Respiration. 

RESPIRATIO  DJFFICILIS,  Dyspnoea. 

RESPIRATION,  Anap'noB,  from  respiro,  (re, 
and  spiro,)  'I  take  breath.'  Anapneu' sis,  Pneu'- 
sis  spira'tio,  Rcspira'men,  Rcspirumentum,  Re- 
spira'tus,  Respir1 ilus ,  Spir'itus.  A  function, 
propt.  to  animals,  the  object  of  which  is,  to 
place  the  materials  of  the  blood — the  mixture 
of  the  venous  blood  with  lymph  and  chyle — in 
contact  with  atmospheric  air,  in  order  that  it 
may  acquire  the  vivifying  qualities  that  hpJnnw 
to  arterial  blood.  The  organs  for  execuiai^ 
this  function,  are,  in  the  mammalia,  birds,  and 
reptiles, — the  lungs.  In  man,  the  respiration 
consists  of  mechanical  and  chymical  pheno- 
mena. The  mechanical  are  Inspiration  (q.  v.) 
and  Expiration,  (q.  v.)  The  evident  chymical 
phenomena  consist  in  the  formation  of  a  cer- 
tain quantity  of  carbonic  acid,  in  the  absorption 
of  a  part  of  the  oxygen  of  the  air,  and  in  the 
disengagement  of  a  quantity  of  water  in  the 
state  of  vapour.  In  the  healthy  condition,  the 
respiration  is  easy,  gentle,  regular,  and  with- 
out noise.  In  mnn,  the  respirations,  are,  gene- 
rally, about  35  per  minute  in  the  first  year  of 
life;  25  during  the  second  ;  20  at  puberty  ;  and 
18  in  the  adult  age. 

RESPIRATION  BRONCHIQUE,  see  Mur- 
mur, respiratory — r.  Exaggcree,  see  Puerile — r. 
Hypcrvcsiculaire,  see  Puerile. 

Respiration,  Jerking,  (F.)  R.  saccadee. 
When  the  murmur  of  inspiration,  in  place  of 
being  continuous,  is  interrupted  as  by  starts,  it 
is  called  'jerking.'  It  is  a  concomitant  of  in- 
cipient pleurisy, pleurodynia, spasmodic  asthma, 
and  tuberculosis  of  the  lung  with  corresponding 
pleuritic  adhesion. — Walshe. 

Respiration  of  the  Cells,  Murmur, Respi- 
ratory—  r.  Metallic,  Tintement  mctal/ique — ;•. 
Nv//e,see  Murmur,  respiratory — r.  Proof.  Doei- 
masia  pulinonum — r.  Puerile,  see  Puerile—  r. 
Rapeuse,  see  Murmur,  respiratory — r.  Rude,  see 
Murmur,  respiratory — r.  Silencieuse,  see  Mur- 
mur, respiratory — r.  Sarcadee,  R.  jerking — r. 
Soufflanfe,  Murmur,  respiratory— r.  Supplement 
taire,see  Puerile— r.  Tubal,  see  Murmur,  respi- 
ratory. 

RESPIRATOR,  same  etymon.  Various  in- 
struments have  been  devised  for  the  purpose  of 
tempering  the  air  before  it  reaches  the  lungs 
in  winter.     One  of  the  best  is  that  of  Jeffrey 


RESPIRATORY 


C50 


RETORT 


which  is  made  of  several  layers  of  fine  wire 
tissue. 

RES'PIRATORY,same  etymon.  Appertain- 
ing to  respiration.  An  epithet  applied  to  the 
murmur  heard  by  auscultation  in  a  healthy 
adult,  during  inspiration  and  expiration.  It 
marks  the  entrance  of  the  air  into  the  cells,  and 
its  passage  out  of  them.     See  Murmur. 

Respiratory  Tract,  Tractus  rcspirato'rius. 
The  middle  column  of  the  spinal  marrow,  de- 
scribed by  Sir  Charles  Bell  as  that  whence  the 
respiratory  nerves  originate.     See  Nerves. 
RESPIRATUS,  Respiration. 
RESPIRITUS,  Respiration. 
RESSERR£,  (VENTRE,)  Constipation. 
RESTA  BO  VIS,  Ononis  spinosa. 
RESTAURA'TIO,  Rcfec'tio,  Analep'sis,  Ana- 
trep'sis,  Jlnacom'ide,  Analle'sis,  Anactt'sis,  Jipo- 
catas'lasis.    Restoration  of  strength  alter  dis- 
ease or  great  fatigue. 

REST-HARROW,  Ononis  spinosa. 
REST1FORMIS  PROCESSUS,  Coracoid. 
RESTITUTIO,  Reduction— r.  Organica,  Mo- 
rioplastice  —  r.  Partium   deperditarum,  Morio- 
Diiisticc* 
RESURRECTION-MAN,  Resurrectionist. 
RESURRECTIONIST,   Resurrection-man, 
Body  snatchcr  ;  from  re,  and  surgere,  'to  arise.' 
An  individual  who  violates  the  sanctuary  of  the 
grave  to  obtain  subjects  for  dissection. 
°  RESUSCITATION,  Resuscita'tio,  from  re- 
mscita'rc,  (re,  and  suscitare,  sursum  citare  seu 
ciere,)  'to  move  up,'  '  to  stir  up  anew.'     Revivi- 
fied lion.    The  restoration  of  persons,  apparently 
dead,  to  life.     See  Asphyxia  and  Suffocation. 
RETCHING,  Vomiturition. 
RETE,  Plexus — r.  Malpighii,  Corpus  muco- 
sum. 

Rete,  Reticulum;  (anet;'  Dict'yon,  (F.)  Ro- 
seau. A  name  given  to  the  interlacing  and  de- 
cussation of  blood-vessels,  lymphatics,  fibres, 
and  nerves  when  they  form  a  kind  of  network. 
Rete  has,  also,  been  applied  to  the  epiploon. 
— Castelli. 

Rete  Mirab'ile,  (F.)  Reseau  admirable,  R. 
merveiUeux.  A  name  given  to  the  ramifications 
and  anastomoses  of  the  internal  carotid  and  ver- 
tebral arteries,  at  the  base  of  the  brain. 

Rete  Mirabile  vel  Rete  Vasculo'sum  Mal- 
pig'hii  is  the  plexus  formed  on  the  cells  of  the 
lungs  by  the  minute  ramifications  of  the  pulmo- 
nary artery. 

Rete  Mucosum,  Corpus  mucosum. 
Rete  Vasculo'sum  Testis.  An  irregular 
plexus  or  network,  formed  by  the  communica- 
tion of  the  Vasa  recta  at  the  upper  and  back 
part  of  the  testicle.  These  Vasa  recta  are  sent 
out  at  the  back  part  of  the  testicle,  from  the 
convoluted  seminal  tubes.  The  Rete  Vasculo- 
sum  testis  sends  out  from  twelve  to  eighteen 
straight  tubes,  called  Vasa  effcreutia,  which 
convey  the  semen  from  the  testes  to  the  epi- 
didymis. 
RETENTIO  AEREA,  Dyspnoea. 
RETENTION,  Reten'tio,  from  rctinere,  (re, 
and  tenere,)  'to  hold  back.'  Accumulation  of 
a  solid  or  liquid  substance,  in  canals  intended 
for  its  excretion,  or  in  a  reservoir,  intended  to 
contain  it  for  a  short  period. 

Retention*  of  Urine;  Paru'ria  Retentio'nis 
vesicu'lis,  Ischu'ria  vesica' lis,  Rctentio  Uri'nae, 
I  r.)  RUenlion  d'urine.  A  disease  in  which  the 
unne  accumulated  in  the  bladder  cannot  be 


evacuated;  or,  at  least,  cannot  be  passed 
out  extreme  difficulty.  In  the  former  case,  the 
retention  is  said  to  be  complete;  in  the  latter, 
incomplete.  Many  writers  have  distinguished 
three  degrees  of  this  affection,  to  which  they 
have  given  the  names  Dysury,  (q.  v.,)  Stran- 
gury, (q.  v..)  and  Ischury,  (q.  v.)  Retention  of 
urine  may  depend  upon  loss  of  contractility, 
paralysis  of  the  bladder,  &c,  or  on  some  obsta- 
cle to  the  passing  of  the  urine,  as  in  cases  of 
pressure  of  the  womb  on  the  bladder,  of  tu- 
mours in  its  vicinity,  foreign  bodies  in  its  cavi- 
ty, inflammation  of  the  urethra,  swelling  of  the 
prostate,  stricture,  &c.  The  pain  is  extremely 
violent,  and  the  bladder  may  be  found  distended 
above  the  pubis.  The  treatment  consists  in  in- 
troducing the  catheter,  or  puncturing  the  blad- 
der, and  in  combating  the  cause,  which  has 
produced  the  retention,  by  particular  means 
adapted  to  each  case. 

RETEjXTISSEMEjYT,  Resonance— r.  Mto- 
phoniquc,  see  Autophonia. 

RETICULAR,  Rt'liform,  Reticularis,  Am- 
phiblestro'i'des,  Dyctoi'des,  Rctifor'mis,  from  relc, 
'a  net.'  That  which  resembles  a  net.  An  epi- 
thet applied  to  many  structures  in  the  body. 

Reticular  Substance,  Cellular  tissue. 

RETIC'ULUM:  diminutive  of  rete,  'a  net.' 
The  Bonnet  or  Honeycomb-bag — the  second  sto- 
mach of  the  ruminant  animal.  See  also,  Epi- 
ploon and  Rete. 

RETIFORM,  Reticular. 

RET'INA,  from  rete,  'a  net :'  Tu'nica  rel'ina 
seu  rcticula'ris  seu  retifor'mis  seu  in'tima  ocfuli, 
Involu'crum  reti  compara'  turn ,  Verricula'ris  mem- 
bra'na,  Jlmphiblestroi'des.  A  soft,  pulpy,  gray- 
ish, semi-transparent,  very  thin  membrane; 
extending  from  the  optic  nerve  to  the  crystal- 
line, embracingthe  vitreous  humour,  and  lining 
the  choroid;  without,  however,  adhering  to 
either  of  those  parts.  It  is  constituted,  accord- 
ing to  most  anatomists,  by  the  expansion  of 
the  optic  nerve.  The  retina  appears  formed  of 
two  lamina;;  so  joined  together,  that  it  is  al- 
most impossible  to  separate  them.  The  one — 
the  innermost — is  medullary,  and  pulpy;  the 
other — the  outer — is  stronger, and  fibro-vascular. 
The  retina  is  the  essential  organ  of  vision ;  on  it 
the  images  of  objects  are  impressed.  Both  it  and 
the  optic  nerve  are  devoid  of  general  sensibility. 
They  may  be  punctured  or  lacerated  without 
pain  being  experienced.  The  nerve  of  general 
sensibility,  distributed  to  the  eye,  is  the  fifth 
pair. 

RETINACULA  MORGAGNlLsee  Frasnaof 
the  valve  of  Bauhiri. 

RETINACULUM,  from  retinere,  ^re,  and  te- 
nere,) 'to  hold  back.'  A  surgical  instrument, 
formerly  used  in  the  operation  of  castration; 
and  in  that  of  hernia,  to  prevent  the  intestines 
from  falling  into  the  scrotum. — Scultet.  Reli- 
nacula  are  also  band-like  extensions  of  a  cellulo- 
membranous  structure,  which  seem  to  suspend 
the  ovum  in  its  place. 

Retinaculum,  Bride. 

RETINITIS,  Inflamma'tio  Rctfinx,  Amphi- 
blestroidi'tis,  Dictyi'tis,  from  retina  and  itis,  a 
suffix  denoting  inflammation, — a  term  of  hybrid 
formation.  Inflammation  of  the  retina;  an  un- 
common affection,  except  as  an  accompani- 
ment of  other  forms  of  ophthalmia. 
RETORT',  Retor'ta,  Batia,  Cornu,  Cornu'la, 


RETRACTION 


Col 


RHAMNUS FRANGULA 


Cnrnrs'ta,  Cormimusa,  (F.)  Cornuc,  from  re- 
torqueo,  (re,  and  torqueo,  tortum,)  'I  bend  back.' 
A  vessel,  commonly  of  glass  or  earthenware, 
employed  in  distillation."  It  may  be  plain,  or 
have  a  tubvlure  for  admitting  substances,  whilst 
the  distillation  is  going  on.  In  the  latter  case, 
it  is  said  to  be  "tubulated." 

RETRACTION,  Rrlrac'tio,  from  rctrnltere, 
(re,  and  trahere,)  'to  draw  back.'  State  of  a 
part,  when  drawn  towards  the  centre  of  the 
body  or  backwards; — as  retraction  of  the  tes- 
ticles. Sometimes  it  is  used  synonymously 
with  shortening  or  drawing  tip,-  as  in  retraction 
of  the  thigh. 

RETRACTION  BE  LA  MATRICE,  Retro- 
versio  uteri. 

RETRACTOR  ANGULI  ORIS,  Buccinator. 

RET'RAHENS  AURIS,  Posterior  Auris, 
Tricavda'lis,  Triceps  Auris,  Retrahens  Auric1  ulx, 
R.  Auriculam,  Secun'dus  proprio'rum  Auric' ui<c, 
Bicauda'lis,  Dep'rimcns  Auriculas,  Proprius  Au- 
ris exterme,  Maslo'ido-conchinien,  Mastoldo-ori- 
cidaire,  (Ch.)  (F.)  Auriculaire  posterieur.  It 
consists  of  one  or  more  small  fasciculi  of  fleshy, 
thin,  somewhat  irregular  fibres,  situate  behind 
the  ear.  These  are  attached' to  the  mastoid  pro- 
cess, and  pass  horizontally  forwards,  to  termi- 
nate at  the  convexity  formed  by  the  concha  of 
the  ear.  If  this  muscle  had  any  use,  it  would 
carry  the  ear  backwards. 

R&TR&C1SSEMENT,  Arctatio,  Stricture. 

RETROCES'SION,  Retroces' sio,  from  retro- 
cedere,  (retro,  'backwards,'  and  cedere,  'to  give 
place.')  The  act  of  going  back.  A  disappear- 
ance or  metastasis  of  a  tumour,  eruption,  &c, 
from  the  outer  part  of  the  body  to  the  inner. 

RETROFLEXIO  UTERI,  Retroversio  uteri. 

RETROPULSION  DE  LA  MA  TRICE,  Re- 
troversio uteri. 

RETRO VER'SIO  U'TERI,  Retroversion  of 
the  Uterus,  JEdopto'sis  Uteri  retrover'sa,  Relro- 
jlex'io  Uteri,  (F.)  Retroversion,  Retraction,  Obli- 
quiti  ou  Rclropulsion  de  la  Matrice.  A  change 
in  the  position  of  the  uterus,  so  that  the  fundus 
of  the  organ  is  turned  towards  the  concavity  of 
the  sacrum,  whilst  the  neck  is  directed  towards 
the  symphysis  pubis.  This  displacement  is 
commonly  attended  with  constipation,  tenes- 
mus, and  retention  of  urine.  Its  usual  period 
of  occurrence  is  between  the  third,  and  fourth 
months  of  pregnancy;  before  the  uterus  has 
escaped  above  the  superior  aperture  of  the  pel- 
vis. In  the  treatment,  the  catheter  must  be 
regularly  used,  twice  a  day,  until  the  uterus, 
by  its  growth,  rises  above  the  pelvis.  The  ca- 
theter should  be  small,  flat,  and  curved  conside- 
rably more  than  common,  in  consequence  of 
the  distorted  course  of  the  urethra.  The  bowels 
must  be  kept  open;  and  absolute  rest,  in  a  re- 
cumbent posture,  be  enjoined.  Should  it  be 
impracticable  to  draw  off  the  urine,  attempts 
must  be  made  to  replace  the  uterus.  The  wo- 
man being  on  her  hands  and  knees,  the  fore  and 
middle  fingers  of  the  accoucheur's  left  hand  are 
to  be  passed  up  the  rectum  to  the  fundus  uteri; 
which  they  must  elevate,  whilst  the  cervix 
uteri  is  carefully  depressed  by  two  fingers  of 
the  right  hand  in  the  vagina.  Should  the  fin- 
gers employed  to  elevate  the  fundus  not  be 
long  enough  to  effect  this  object,  a  piece  of 
whalebone  may  be  substituted,  having  a  small 
piece  of  sponge  attached  to  one  extremity  as  a 
pad. 


RETROVERSION  DE  LA  MATRICE,  Re- 
troversio uteri. 

REUNIO,  Synthesis. 

RltVASSERIE,  Incoherence:  see  Somnium. 

RkVE,  Somnium. 

REV  El  L,  see  Sleep — r.  en  Sursaut,  see  Sleep. 

REVELLENT,  Derivative. 

REVERY,  Aphelxia. 

REVIVIFICATION,  Resuscitation. 

R&VULSIF,  Derivative. 

KEVUL'SION,  RevuFsio,  from  re,  and  vcllere, 
'to  pluck;'  Antis'pasis.  The  act  of  turning  the 
principle  of  a  disease  from  the  organ  in  which 
it  seems  to  have  taken  its  seat.  Rubefacients, 
vesicatories,  bleeding  in  the  foot,  &c,  are  often 
used  for  this  purpose. 

Revulsion,  Derivation. 

REVULSIVE,  Derivative. 

REYNOLDS'S  SPECIFIC,  see  Vinum  col- 
chici. 

RHA,  Rheum. 

RHABARBARUM,  Rheum— r.  Album,  Con- 
volvulus mechoacan  —  r.  Antiquorum,  Rheum 
Rhaponticum — r.  Dioscoridis,  Rheum  Rhaponti- 
cum  —  r.  Monachorum,  Rumex  patientia  —  r. 
Nigrum,  Convolvulus  jalapa  —  r.  Pauperum, 
Thalictron — r.  Sibericum,  Rheum — r.  Tartari- 
cum,  Rheum — r.  Turcicum,  Rheum. 

RHABARBE,  Rheum—?-.  Blanche,  Convol-  ' 
vulus  mechoacan — r.  des  Moines,  Rumex  Al- 

RHABDOIDES  (SUTURAj,  Sagittal  suture. 

RHABILLEUR,  Renoueur. 

RHACHI^EI,  RhachitsD. 

RHACHIALGITIS,  Spinal  irritation.  Mye- 
litis. 

RHACHIOMYELITIS,  Myelitis. 

RHACHIPARALYSIS,  Paraplegia. 

RHACHIPHYMA,  Rachiphyma. 

RHACHIRRHEUMA,  Lumbago. 

RHACHIS,  Vertebral  column. 

RHACH1SAGRA,  Rachisagra. 

RHACHITJH,  RhachixH,  Rachi'tx  or  Rachise'i. 
The  muscles  of  the  spine. 

RHACHITIS,  Rachitis. 

RHACHOSIS,  Rachosis. 

RHAG'ADES,  oxyadig,  Rhaga'dia,  from  gjjy- 
r-jfii,  'to  break  or  rend,'  Scissu'rx,  Fissu'rx, 
Fimx.  Ruptures,  chaps,  or  narrow  and  long 
ulcers,  which  form  near  the  origin  of  mucous 
membranes,  especially  around  the  anus,  and 
which  are  generally  owing  to  the  syphilitic 
virus. 

Rhagades,  see  Fissure. 

RHAGE  or  RAGE,  Q*yy,  same  etymon.  A 
suffix  denoting  violent  rupture  or  discharge,  as 
in  Hemorrhage,  Menorrhagia,  &c. 

Rhage,  Fissure. 

RHAGOIDES,  Uvea. 

RHAMNUS,  Rhamnvs  cathar'ticus,  Spina 
cervi'na,  Rhamnus  soluti'vus,  Spina  infecto'ria, 
Ccrvispina,  Buckthorn,  Purging  buckthorn,  (F.) 
Ncrprvn  purgatif.  Family,  Rhamnoideee.  Sex. 
Syst.  Pentandria  Monogynia.  The  berries  — 
Rhamni  Baccx — have  a  faint  and  disagreeable 
odour;  and  bitterish,  nauseous  taste.  They  are 
cathartic,  and  are  apt  to  excite  griping,  which 
must  be  obviated  by  the  use  of  diluents. 

Rhamnus  Alateh'nus,  Common  alalemus, 
(F.)  Alatcme.  The  leaves  have  been  used  as 
detergents  and  astringents,  in  the  form  of  gar- 
gle especially. 

Rhamnus    Fhan'gula.      The    Black    Alder, 


RHAMNUS  ZIZIPHUS 


G52 


RHEUMATISM,  ACUTE 


Frangula  Mnus,  Alnus  Nigra,  (F.)  Aunt  noir, 
Bourdane,  Bourgene.  All  the  parts  of  this  tree, 
as  well  as  of  the  common  alder,  are  astringent 
and  bitter.  The  bark  is  most  so.  The  inner, 
yellow  bark  of  the  trunk  or  root  acts  as  a  ca- 
thartic. It  has  also  been  employed  as  an  an- 
thelmintic. 

Rhamnus  Ziziphus,  see  Jujube. 

RHANTER,  Canthus,  (greater.) 

RHAPHAiNEDON,  Raphanedon. 

RHAPHANIA,  Raphania. 

RHAPHE,  Raphe,  Suture. 

RHAPONTICUM,  Rheum  Rhaponticum— r. 
Vulgare,  Centaurea  centaurium. 

RHA POJVTIQUE,  Rheum  rhaponticum. 

RHATANIA,  Krameria  ratanhia. 

RHEGMA,  Laceration  — r.  Ligamentare, 
Apospasma. 

RHENCHUS,  Rattle. 

RHENX1S,  Rattle. 

RHEON.  Rheum. 

RHETINE,  Resin. 

RHETINOCERON,  Resinatum. 

RHETINOTON,  Resinatum. 

RHEUM,  (pronounced  room.)  Rheu'ma,  (F.) 
Rhume,-  from  qsw,  '  to  flow.'  The  discharge  from 
the  air  passages  arising  from  cold. 

Rheum,  Salt.  A  popular  name  in  the  United 
States,  like  'tetter,'  for  various  cutaneous  af- 
fections of  the  eczematous  and  herpetic  forms 
more  especially.  It  is  at  times  applied  to  a 
kind  of  chronic  psoriasis;  and  likewise  to  cuta- 
neous affections  in  those  who  immerse  the 
hands  in  metallic  or  acid  solutions. 

Rhe'um,  R.  palma'tum,  R.  compac'tum,  R. 
undulatum,  Rhabar'barum,  Rhton,  Rha,  Rhceum, 
Lap'athum  orientals,,  L.  Cliine?i'sS,  Rhabar'barum 
vc'rum,  R.  Tartar'icum,  R.  Siber'icum,  R.  Tur'- 
cicum,  Rhubarb,  (F.)  Rhabarbe.  Family,  Poly- 
goneffi.  Sex.  Syst.  Enneandria  Trigynia.  The 
r0ot — Rheum — is  the  part  used  in  medicine.  Its 
odour  is  aromatic,  peculiar,  and  rather  nause- 
ous; taste,  somewhat  aromatic,  subacrid,  bitter- 
ish, and  astringent.  It  colours  the  saliva  and 
urine  yellow.  It  is  easily  pulverized,  and  forms 
a  powder  of  a  bright  buff  yellow  colour.  Both 
water  and  spirit  extract  its  virtues.  Rhubarb 
root  is  purgative,  stomachic  and  astringent.  (?) 
It  is  chiefly  used  for  the  properties  first  men- 
tioned;  externally,  the  powder  is  sometimes 
sprinkled  over  ulcers,  to  assist  their  granulation. 
Dose,  9J  to  Zss  °*  tne  Powcler.  I"  a  smaller 
dose,  it  is  stomachic. 

Numerous  species  of  Rheum  beside,  Rh.pal- 
matum,  Rli.  undulatum,  and  Rh.  compaclum, 
have  purgative  roots. 

The  rhubarbs  most  used  in  the  United  States 
are  the  Chinese  or  India  Rhubarb — Rheum  Si- 
nen'sB  vel  lnd'icum,- — the  Russian,  Turkey,  or 
Bucharian  Rhubarb  —  Rheum  Rus'sicum  vel 
Tur'cicurn; — and  European  Rhubarb. 

Rheum  Compactum,  Rheum  —  r.  Indicum, 
see  Rheum — r.  Palmatum,  Rheum — r.  Russi- 
cum,  see  Rheum — r.  Salt,  Rheum,  salt — r.  Si- 
nense,  see  Rheum — r.  Turcicum,  see  Rheum 
r    Undulatum,  Rheum. 

Rheum  Rhapon'ticum,  Rhapon'tic  Rhubarb; 
Rhapon'ticum,  Rhabar'barum  Dioscor'idis,  R.An- 
tiquo'rum,  (F.)  Rhapontique,  Rhapontic.  The 
root  of  this  seems  to  have  been  the  rhubarb  of 
the  ancients.  It  is  more  astringent  than  that 
of  the  rheum  palmatum,  and  less  purgative;  for 


the  latter  purpose,  two  or  three  drachms  being 
required  for  a  dose. 

French,  Rhapontic  or  Krimea  Rhubarb  is  ob- 
tained from  this  species,  as  well  as  from  Rh. 
undulatum,  and  Rh.  compactum. 

RHEUMA,  Catarrh,  Rheum,  Rheumatism — 
r.  Catarrhale,  Bronchitis,  (chronic) — r.  Epidemi- 
cum,  Bronchitis,  chronic,  Catarrh,  epidemic — r. 
Pectoris,  Catarrh — r.  Uteri,  Leucorrhcea. 

RHEUMAPYRA,  Rheumatism,  acute. 

RHEUMATALGIA,  Rheumatism,  chronic— 
r.  Arthritica,  see  Rheumatism,  acute. 

RHEUMAT'IC,  Rheumat'icus,  (F.)  Rhuma- 
tismale,  Rhumatique.  Belonging  to  rheuma- 
tism ;  as  rheumatic  fever.  Also,  applied  to  one 
affected  with  rheumatism.     (F.)  Rhumatisant. 

RHEU'MATISM,  from  qiv/u*,  'adefluxion, 
catarrh.'  Dolor  Rhevmat!icus  et  arthrit'icus, 
(Hoffman,)  Rheumato'sis,  Myoso'lis,  Rheuma, 
Myodyn'ia,  (F.)  Rhumatisme.  A  kind  of  shift- 
ing phlegmasia,  sometimes  seated  in  the  mus- 
cles, sometimes  in  the  parts  surrounding  the 
joints;  and  at  others,  within  them.  Hence  the 
names  Muscular,  Articular ,  and  Synovial,  which 
have  been  applied  to  it.  The  disease  may  be 
acute,  or  chronic. 

Rheumatism,  Acute,  Arthro'sia  acuta,  Rheu- 
matismus,  Rh.  inflammato' rius  seu  hyperslhen'- 
icus,  Rheumat'ic  Fe/ver,  Rheumatup'yra,  Rhai- 
ma'pyra,  Febris  rheumat'ica  inflammato' ria, 
Syn'ocha  rheumat'ica,  Myoso'tis,  Myi'iis,  Cauma 
rheumatism  'us,  Arthri'tis  rheumalismus,  Arthro- 
rheumatis'  mus,  Synovi'  lis  rhcumatisma'  lis,  Hsemo- 
arthri'tis,  (F.)  Rhumatisme  aigu'e,  Fieere  rheuma- 
tismale,  usually  comes  on  with  the  ordinary 
symptoms  of  fever;  soon  after  which,  or  simul- 
taneously, or  even  before  the  appearance  of  fe- 
brile signs,  excruciating  pains  are  felt  in  differ- 
ent parts  of  the  body,  particularly  in  the  larger 
joints,  which  are  more  or  less  red  and  swollen;  the 
pain  shifting  from  one  to  the  other,  at  times  with 
great  rapidity.  The  disease  rarely  terminates 
in  less  than  six  weeks,  duiing  the  greater  part 
of  which  period  the  febrile  symptoms  remain 
severe;  and  what  is  peculiar  to  the  disease,  the 
skin  may  be  covered  daily  with  a  profuse  per- 
spiration, although  it  feels  extremely  hot,  and 
the  pulse  appears  in  no  way  modified  by  it.  It 
is  one  of  the  essential  symptoms  of  the  affection, 
and  consequently  affords  no  relief.  The  only 
danger  to  be  apprehended  from  acute  rheuma- 
tism, notwithstanding  the  apparent  severity  of 
the  symptoms,  is  the  translation  or  extension  of 
the  disease  to  some  internal  part,  especially  to 
the  heart.  This  tendency  must  always  be  borne 
in  mind.  Acute  rheumatism  seldom  terminates 
in  chronic;  they  who  are  liable  to  the  for- 
mer are  rarely  so  to  the  latter,  and  conversely. 
The  disease  will  generally  run  its  course,  in 
spite  of  treatment.  The  usual  antiphlogistic 
plan  had  better  be  pursued,  during  the  first  days 
of  the  disease.  Blood-letting  may  be  employed, 
if  the  vigour  of  the  patient  and  of  the  disease 
seem  to  require  it;  but,  although  the  blood  is 
generally  buffy,  bleeding  does  not  usually  seem 
to  afford  much  relief.  The  bowels  must  be 
kept  open;  effervescent  draughts  be  administer- 
ed, and  opium  be  given  in  full  doses  to  allay 
pain.  This  is,  generally,  all  that  is  necessary 
during  the  first  week;  after  which,  advantage 
will  usually  be  obtained  from  the  exhibition  of 
the  sulphate  of  quinia  with  sulphuric  acid.  It 
does  not  augment  the  excitement;  and  will  be 


RHEUMATISM,  ARTHRITIC 


653 


RHODIUM  LIGNUM 


found  proper  in  almost  all  cases.  Rheumatic 
inflammation  is  very  different  from  other  varie- 
ties, and  this  may  account  for  the  anomaly. 
After  a  few  weeks,  the  disease  usually  goes  off, 
but  leaves  the  patient  very  liable  to  a  recur- 
rence on  slight  exposures  or  errors  of  diet:  at 
times,  acute  rheumatism  of  the  joints  puts  on 
the  appearance  of  gout,  and  seems  to  be  a  com- 
plication of  the  two  affections.  It  is  then  called 
Gouty  or  Arthrit'ic  rheumatism  or  Rheumatic 
gout,  Rheumatal'gia  arthrit'ica. 

Rheumatism,  Autkiutic,  see  Rheumatism 
zcute. 

Rheumatism, Capsular, Rheumatis'mus  tap- 
sula'ris.  Rheumatism  seated  in  the  lining  mem- 
brane of  the  joints  and  bursa  of  the  tendons. 
The  parts  most  liable  to  its  attacks  are  the  feet 
and  hands,  where  it  is  generally  easily  recog- 
nised by  the  enlargement  of  the  joints;  but  the 
peculiar  characters  of  the  disease  are,  perhaps, 
most  strikingly  seen  when  it  attacks  the  knee. 

Rheumatism,  Chronic,  Arlhrosia  chron'ica, 
Rheumalismus  chronicus,  R.  vulga'ris  seu  inve- 
teru'tus  seu  habitual  lis  seu  frig"idus,  Rheuma- 
tatgia,  Jlrthrodyn'ia,  Jlrthritis  arthrodynia,  (F.) 
Rhumatisme  chrotiique,  Rhumatalgie,  is  attend- 
ed with  pains  in  the  hips,  shoulders,  knees,  and 
other  large  joints.  These  are,  sometimes,  con- 
fined to  one  joint:  at  others,  shift  from  one  to 
another,  without  occasioning  inflammation,  or 
fever.  In  this  manner,  the  complaint  often 
continues  for  a  great  length  of  time,  and  then 
goes  off.  There  is  no  danger  attendant  upon 
it;  but  the  patient  may  become  lame,  and  is  al- 
ways liable  to  painful  recurrences.  Neither 
variety  generally  terminates  in  suppuration; 
but  effusion  of  coagulable  lymph  is  apt  to  occur, 
so  as  to  occasion  permanent  thickening  of  the 
parts.  The  great  preventive  of  chronic  rheu- 
matism, and  one  of  the  most  valuable  curative 
agents,  is  flannel,  worn  next  the  skin.  The 
whole  class  of  rubefacients  may,  also,  be  used 
with  advantage.  The  warm  bath,  especially 
the  natural  warm  bath,  the  temperature  of 
which  does  not  vary,  is  perhaps  the  most  suc- 
cessful remedy  of  all. 

Rheumatism,  Goutv,  see  Rheumatism,  acute 
— r.  of  the  Skin,  see  Dermalgia. 

Rheumatism,  Pk£abdom'inal,  (F.)  Rhuma- 
tisme  pre- abdominal.  Rheumatism  of  the  mus- 
cles of  the  anterior  and  lateral  portions  of  the 
abdomen;  supposed  by  MM.  Genest  and  R.e- 
quin  to  be  the  same  as  the  nervous  affection  of 
the  peritoneum  of  Gooch. 

Rheumatism  Weedv,  Pyrola  maculata,  P. 
umbellaia. 

RHEUMATISMUS  CANCROSUS,  Neural- 
gia faciei— r.  Dorsalis,  Lumbago — r.  Febrilis, 
Dengue — r.Inflamtnatoriusseu  hypersthenicus, 
Rheumalismus  acutus— r.  Intestinorum  cum 
ulcere,  Dysentery — r.  Larvatus,  Neuralgia  faciei 
—  r.  Phlegmonodes,  Myositis — r.  Spurius  ner- 
vosus.  Neuralgia — r.  Vulgaris  seu  inveteratus 
seu  habitualis  seu  frigidus,  Rheumatism,  chro- 
nic. 

RHEUMATOPYRA,  Rheumatism,  acute. 

RHEUM ATOSIS,  Rheumatism. 

RHEX'IS,  Q>,h<;,  Rupture.  Rupture  of  a  ves- 
sel.    Spontaneous  opening  of  an  abscess. 

RHICNO'SIS,  from  pty.roofxui,  'to  become 
wrinkled.'  Cutis  corruga'tio.  W  tinkling  of  the 
skin  from  extenuation  of  the  body;  opposed  to 
ty.zuoif,  or  distention  from  repletion. 


RHIGOS,  Rigor. 

RHLM,  Nasus. 

RHINAL'GIA,  from  qiv,  'the  nose,'  and  xl- 
yof,  'pain.'     Pain  in  the  nose. 

RHINANCHONE.  Snuffles. 

RHINANGIA,  Snuffles. 

RHINENCEPHALIA,  Cyclopia. 

RHINEN'CHYSIS,  Rhynenchys'ia,  from  qiv, 
'  the  nose,'  tv,  '  in,'  and  yxno,  '  I  pour.'  An  in- 
fusion or  injection,  made  into  the  nostrils,  with 
a  syringe  called  Rhinen'chytcs. 

RHINFTIS,  from  %iv,  Qivog,  'the  nose,'  and 
itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  of 
the  nose.     Coryza  (q.  v.) 

Rhinitis  Ulcerosa,  Ozoena. 

RHINES,  Nares. 

RHINOCNES'MUS,  from  qiv,'1  the  nose,*  and 
xvjjc-jwo?,  '  itching.'     Itching  of  the  nose. 

RHINOPHO'NlA,  from  gtr,  'the  nose,'  and 
qiwv*], '  the  voice.'  A  nasal  voice,  called,  also, 
Dyspho'nia  immodula'ta  nasa'lis,  Parapho'nia 
nasalis,  Paraphonia  res'onatis,  Na'siias.  Speak- 
ing through  the  nose. 

RHINOPLAS'TIC,  from  gw, '  the  nose,'  and 
n\ua<rtx>,  '1  form.'  An  epithet  applied  to  the 
operation  for  forming  a  new  nose.  The  Talia~ 
cotian  operation,  so  called  because  described 
by  Tagliacozzi.  It  consists  in  bringing  down 
a  portionof  flesh  from  the  forehead,  and  causing 
it  to  adhere  to  the  anterior  part  of  the  remains 
of  the  nose. 

RHINOP'TIA,  from  qiv,  '  the  nose,'  and  on- 
TOftai,  'I  see.'  The  act  of  seeing  over  the  nose. 
Squinting  over  the  nose. 

RHINORRHAGIA,  Epistaxis. 

RHINOR'RHAPHY,  RHINORRHA'PHIA; 
from  qiv,  '  nose,'  and  Qa<pij,  '  a  suture.'  An  ope- 
ration for  the  removal  of  epicanthus,  which 
consists  in  pinching  up  a  longitudinal  fold  of 
the  skin,  including  this  fold  in  two  elliptical  in- 
cisions, removing  it,  and  bringing  together  the 
edges  of  the  wound  by  harelip  suture. 

RHINORRHCE'A,  from  qiv, qnoc, 'the  nose,' 
and  §eoj,  '  I  flow.'  A  discharge  of  limpid  mucus 
from  the  nose  without  any  inflammatory  symp- 
tom.    A  gleet  from  the  nose. 

RHINO'SIS,  from  pivot,  'a  skin,  leather,'  or 
from  §ij6vos,  '  rugous.'  The  state  of  looseness 
and  excess  of  skin  observed  in  phthisis. — Vogel. 

RHIPTASMOS,  Jactation. 

RHIS,  Nasus. 

RHIZA,  Radix. 

RHIZAGRA,  Punch. 

RHIZO'MA,  Rhizome:  from  Qtta,  '  a  root. 
The  part  of  the  root  of  a  plant,  which  consists 
of  wood  or  flesh,  as  in  the  carrot. 

RHIZOPH'AGUS,  from^iL*,  '  a  root,'  and 
(pttym,  'I  eat.'     One  who  lives  on  roots. 

RHIZOTOM1ST,  see  Simples. 

RlilZOTOMUS,  Apothecary. 

RHOA,  Punica  granatum. 

RHODEL^E'ON.  Oil  of  roses,  or  oil  impreg- 
nated with  roses. 

RHO'DIA,  Rhodwla  ro'sea,  Rosea,  Rosewort, 
(F.)  Rltodio'e.  Sex.  Syst.  Dicecia  Octandria. 
The  root,  Roseroot,  when  dry,  has  a  very  plea- 
sant smell,  and  is  slightly  astringent.  It  is  not 
used. 

RHODIOLA  ROSEA,  Rhodia. 

RHODIOLE,  Rhodia. 

RHOUITES  VINUM.  Wine  in  which  roses 
have  been  macerated 

RHODIUM  LIGNUM,  Rhodium  or  Rosewood. 


KHODODAPHNIS 


054 


RICINUS  COMMUNIS 


The  wood  or  root  of  a  tree  supposed  to  be 
Gtnis'ta  Canaricn' sis  of  Lin  nanus.  (F.)  Bois 
de  rose,  Bois  de  Ckyprc.  Family,  Letruminosce. 
Sex.  Sijst.  Diadelpliia  Decanuria. — The  essen- 
tial oil  is  a  perfume,  and  possesses  cordial  and 
tonic  virtues.  Its  smell  is  attractive  to  fish, 
rats,  &c. 

RHODODAPHNIS,  Nerium  oleander. 

RHODODEN'DRON  CHRYSAN'THEMUM, 
R.  Chrysan'thum.  The  Olean'der,  Ror.e  Bay, 
Yel/oio  rhododendron,  Mountain  Laurel,  (F.)  Ho- 
sagc,R.Chrysantfie.  Nat.  Ord.  Ericete.  Sex.  Syst. 
Decandria  Monogynia.  This  plant  has  been 
recommended  in  rheumatism, gout, and  syphilis. 
In  an  overdose,  it  produces  acro-narcotic  symp- 
toms. 

RHODOME'LA  PALMA'TA,  Dulse,  Saccha- 
rine Fucus.  One  of  the  Alga  eaten  in  large 
quantities  throughout  the  maritime  countries  of 
the  north  of  Europe,  and  in  the  Grecian  Archi- 
pelago. 

RHODOMELI,  Mel  rosa. 

RHODON,  Rosa  centifolia. 

RHODOSACCHARUM,  Confectio  rosse  gal- 
lics. 

RHODOSTACTON,  Mel  rosas. 

RHCEA,  Punica  granatum. 

RHCEAS,  Papaver  rhosas. 

RHGBUM,  Rheum. 

RHOGMOS,  Rattle. 

RHOl'TES,  gswi/s;  a  wine  impregnated  with 
the  pomegranate;  from  gosc,  Pomegranates, — 
Dioscorides.  A  confection,  made  by  boiling 
the  juice  of  the  pomegranate  in  honey. — Paulus 
of  jEgina. 

RHOMBOIDEUS,  from  oorfog,  'a  rhombus,' 
whose  sides  are  equal,  with  two  obtuse  and  two 
acute  angles.  Rhombo'ideus  major  and  minor, 
Rhomb  oi' des,  Cervici-dorso-scapulaire.  A  mus- 
cle situate  at  the  posterior  inferior  part  of  the 
neck,  and  at  the  posterior  part  of  the  back.  It 
has  a  rhomboidal  shape,  and  is  attached,  by  its 
inner  edge,  to  the  posterior  cervical  ligament, 
and  to  the  spinous  processes  of  the  last  cervical 
vertebra,  and  of  the  first  four  or  five  dorsal.  By 
its  outer  edge,  it  is  attached  to  the  spinal  or 
posterior  edge  of  the  scapula.  It  is  divided  into 
two  fasciculi,  constituting  the  Rhomboideus 
major  and  minor,  the  latter  being  situate  higher 
than  the  other.  This  muscle  draws  the  scapula 
backwards  and  upwards,  and  impresses  upon  it 
a  rotary  motion,  which  brings  its  inferior  angle 
nearer  to  the  spine;  and,  consequently,  de- 
presses the  anterior  angle  and  the  shoulder. 

RHOMBOS,  go/ij?'?.  A  bandage  mentioned 
by  Galen,  so  called  on  accountof  its  rhomboidal 
ahape. 

RHONCHUS,  Rattlev Snoring,  Stertor— r. 
Crepitans,  Rule  crepitant— t.  Mucous,  see  Rule 
crepitant — r.  Sibilans,  see  Rale  crepitant — r.  So- 
norus,  Rale  sonar c — r.  Subcrepitant,  see  Rattle. 

RHOPALISMUS,  Priapismus. 

RHOPALOSIS,  Plica,  Pupil,  Uvea. 

RHUBARB,  Rheum— r.  Chinese,  see  Rheum 
— r.  French,  Rheum  Rliaponticum — r.  India, 
see  Rheum — r.  Krimea,  Rheum  Rhaponticum 
— r.  Monk's,  Rumex  Alpinus,  Rumex  patientia 
— r.  Poor  man's,  Thalictron — r.  Rhapontic, 
Rheum  rhaponticum  —  r.  Russia,  see  Rheum 
— r.  Turkey,  see  Rheum— r.  Wild,  Convolvulus 
pandnratus. 

RHVBARBE  FAUSSE,  Thalictron— r.  des 
Pamres,  Thalictron. 


RHUE,  Rata. 

RHVM.l T.'l IS; IE,  Rheumatism,  chronic. 

RHUMATtQUE,  Rheumatic. 

RHUMA TI8MTT,  Rheumatic. 

RB.VMA TISMA LE,  Rheumatic. 

RHUMATlSMEAiheumaUsm—r.^lguMcn- 
matism, acute — r.  Chronique,  Rheumatism  chro- 
nic— r.  Freabdominale,  Rheumatism,  praabdo- 
minal. 

RHUME,  Rheum — r.  de  Cerveau,  Coryza— r. 
dc  Poitrine,  Catarrh. 

RHUS  CORIA'RIA,  Sumach,  Shumac,  Rhus 
Glabrum,  Adu'rion,  Elm-leaved  Sumach,  (FA 
Sumac  des  Corroyeurs.  Family,  Terebintha- 
cese.  Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria  Monogynia.  This  is 
the  only  species  of  the  genus  rhus  that  is  inno- 
cent. Both  the  leaves  and  berries  have  been 
used  as  astringents  and  tonics. 

Rhus  Glabrum,  Rh.  coriaria. 

Rhus  Radi'cans,  Rhus  remix,  Poison  vine, 
(America.)  This  plant  is  poisonous,  (see  Poi- 
sons, Table  of,)  and  is  extremely  acrid,  when 
applied  to  the  skin,  producing  erysipelas  and 
vesications,  and  has  been  used,  like  the  next 
variety,  in  paratysis  and  other  nervous  affec- 
tions. 

Rhus  Svlvestkis,  Myrica  gale. 

Rhus  Toxicodendron,  Toxicoden! 'iron,  Poi- 
son oak,  (America.)  (F.)  Sumac  veneneux.  This 
plant  has  been  used  in  paralytic  affections  and 
cutaneous  eruptions.  It  is  poisonous,  like  the 
last.     Dose,  gr.  ss  to  gr.  iv. 

Rhus  Vernix,  Rh.  radicans. 

RHYPOS,  Sordes. 

RHYPTICA,  Detergents. 

RHYPTICUS,  Abstergent. 

RHYSIS,  Flux. 

RHYTHM,  nv&iu.oc:,  '  measured  movement." 
The  order,  or  proportion,  which  reigns  between 
the  different  parts  of  a  whole.  Applied,  in 
medicine,  to  the  pulsations  of  the  heart — to  the 
pulse — to  express  the  due  proportion  between 
one  pulsation  and  those  following  it. 

RHYTHMICAL  CONTRACTIONS  OF 
M  USCLES,  are  those  that  succeed  one  another 
after  regular  intervals. 

RHYTIDOSIS,  Rutidosis. 

RIB,  Costa. 

RIBES  NIGRUM,  Cassis.  The  Black  cur- 
rant, (F. )  Groseillier  noir.  Sex.  Syst.  Pentan- 
dria  Monogynia.  The  berries  have  been  re- 
commended in  sore  throat,  as  diuretics.  The 
leaves  have  been  advised  for  the  same  purpose. 
They  are  chiefly  used  as  preserves. 

Ribes  Rubrum,  Grossulu'rianonspino'sa,  the 
red  currant,  (F.)  Groseillier  rouge,-  of  which 
the  white  is  only  a  variety.  It  is  cultivated, 
and  affords  an  agreeable  fruit.  It  possesses  the 
qualities  of  the  subacid  fruits  in  general,  and 
makes  an  excellent  preserve. 

RIBS,  NECK  OF  THE,  Collum  costarum. 

RICE,  Oryza — r.  Disease,  Cholera— r.  Wild, 
Zizania  aquatica. 

RICHARDSONIA,  see  Ipecacuanha. 

R1CHLEAF,  Collinsonia  Canadensis. 

RICHWEED,  Acttea  racemosa,  Collinsonia 
Canadensis. 

RICIN,  Ricinus  communis. 

RICINOIDES,  Jatropha  curcas. 

RICINUS  COMMU'NiS.    The  Coal 
plant,  Catapu'tia  major,  Ricinus  vulga'tis 
Christi,  Faba  purga'trix,  Ccrua  or  Kerw 
(F.)   Ricin,   Five  purgutif.     Family,   Euphor- 


RICINUS  MAJOR 


655 


ROLLER 


biaceic.  Sex.  Syst.  Monoscia  Monadelphia. 
■oil  seeds,  whence  the  oil  is  obtained,  are 
inodorous;  taste  acrid  and  slightly  sweetish. 
One  or  two  seeds  will  act  as  a^cathartic;  but 
the  oil,  O'leum  ricini,  (F.)  liuih  de  Ricin,  is 
alone  used.  It  is  obtained  by  bruising  the  cas- 
tor seeds,  previously  decorticated,  and  then  ex- 
pressing the  oil  without  the  application  of  heat. 
Recently  drawn  castor  oil,  Oleum  de  kerva,  0. 
hervi'nvm,  JHher'va,  Oleum  Ric'ini,  0.  Cic"inum, 
0.  Palmce  liq'uidum,  is  inodorous  and  nearly 
insipid.  It  is  cathartic,  operating  speedily,  and 
may  be  used  in  all  cases,  where  powerfully  sti- 
mulating purgatives  would  be  injurious.  Dose, 
f.  5Jj,  to  f.  5iss.  liufeland  recommends  that  a 
drop  of  the  croton  oil,  (q.  v.)  shall  be  added  to 
an  ounce  of  the  oil  of  poppy,  and  that  the 
mixture  shall  be  called  Oleum  Ricini  Officinale. 
A  variety  of  Ricinus  at  Cape  Verd  is  em- 
ployed by  the  inhabitants  to  increase  the  secre- 
tion of  milk.  It  is  applied  in  the  form  of  poul- 
tice, made  with  the  green  leaves,  to  the  mam- 
ma?, or  of  a  strong  decoction,  with  which  the 
inammaj  and  the  external  parts  of  generation 
are  washed. 

Ricinls  Major,  Jatrcpha  curcas — r.  Minor, 
Jatropha  manihot. 
RICKETS,  Rachitis. 
RIDE,  Wrinkle. 

RIDING,  (of  Bones.)  Ossium  superposi"lio, 
(F.)  Chevauchement.  Displacement  of  the  frag- 
ments of  a  bone,  chiefly  produced  by  the  con- 
traction of  muscles,  which  occasions  shortening 
of  the  limb;  the  fractured  extremities  riding 
over  each  other,  instead  of  being  end  to  end. 

RIGID' IT  Y,  Rigid' Has,  from  rigere,  'to 
stiffen.'  Great  stiffness  of  fibre,  or  want  of  sup- 
pleness. The  stiffness  of  the  dead  body,  (F.) 
Roidcur  caduverique,  is  one  of  the  most  certain 
signs  of  the  cessation  of  life. 

RI'GOR,  Rfu'gns,  Algor,  Coldness,  Cheim'ia,  I 
(F.)    Frisson.     Same   etymon.     Sensation    of] 
cold,  with  involuntary  shivering  of  the  whole 
body: — a  symptom  of  fever.    A  slighter  degree, 
and  at  times  full  rigor,  is  occasionally  termed 
a  chill,  frigus  tcn'uS,  perfrigera'tio. 

Rigor  Cadaverosus,  Rigor  mortis — r.  Emor- 
tualis,  Rigor  mortis. 

Rigor  Mortis,  R.  cadavero'sus,  R.  emorlua'lis, 
Necronarce'mo,  (F.)  Roidcur  ou  Raideur  cadav- 
ei-iquc.    'Stiffness  of  death.'     The  rigidity  of 
limbs  that  occurs  on  dissolution. 
Rigor  Nervosus, Tetanus. 
R1MA.     A  fissure,  a  cleft;  as  Ririia,  or  Ri'- 
mulct  G/ot'tidis,  'the  opening   of  the    glottis,' 
(q.  v.)  Rima  vulvce,  '  the  opening  of  the  vulva,' 
(-1-  v.) 
R1M/E,  Rhagades. 
RINJ3US,  Compressor  naris. 
RINCHOS,  Rostrum. 

RUNG,  Sax  limns,  runs,  Germ.  Ring, 
Cricos,  (F.)  J&nneau.  A  name  given  to  natu- 
ral, circular,  or  roundish  apertures,  with  mus- 
cular or  aponeurotic  parietes,  which  serve  for 
the  passage  of  some  vessel  or  canal: — as  the 
umbilic»l  ring,  inguinal  ring.  &c. 

RINGWORM,  Herpes  circinatus— r.  of  the 
Scalp,  Porrigo  scutulata — r.  Ulcerative, Herpes 
exeil 

RlllE   ou    RIS,    Risus— r.    Canin,    Canine 
laugh — r.   Moqueur,  Canine   laugh — r.    Sarclo- 
•  7,  Risus  sardonicus—  r.  Surdonique,  Canine 
laugh. 


RISAGON,  Cassumuniar. 
RISIGALLUM,  Orpiment. 
RISli\'G,see  Regurgitation — r.of  the  Lights, 
Cynanche  trachealis. 

Rising  or  Elkva'tion  of  the  Pulse,  Puhus 
elcva'tio.  The  pulse  is  said  to  rise,  when  it  be- 
comes more  full  and  frequent,  as  occurs  in  the 
exacerbation  of  acute  diseases. 

RISO'RIUS  NOVUS.  Santorini  gives  this 
name  to  a  portion  of  the  platysma  myoides, 
which  passes  from  the  cheek  towards  the  com- 
missure of  the  lips. 

RISUS,  from  riderc,  risum,'  to  laugh.'  Gelos, 
Laughing,  (F.)  Rire  ou  Ris.  An  involuntary 
movement  of  the  muscles  of  the  face,  and  of 
the  lips  in  particular,  accompanied  with  a  so- 
norous and  interrupted  respiration,  commonly 
indicating  mirth  and  satisfaction. 
Risus  Caninus,  Canine  laugh. 
Risus  Sardon'icus,  R.  de  Sardo'nici,  R.  spas- 
licus,  Sardoni'asis,  Sardi'asis,  Tortu'ra  Oris,  Dis- 
torsio  Oris,  Gelasmvs,  Canine  laugh,  (F.)  Ris 
Sardonien,  R.  Sardonique.  A  convulsive  affec- 
tion of  the  lips  and  cheeks,  which  precedes  and 
often  accompanies  general  tetanus.  It  is  said 
to  have  been  so  called  from  similar  symptoms 
having  been  induced  by  a  kind  of  ranunculus 
that  grows  in  Sardinia. 

Risus  Sfasticus,  R.  Sardonicus. 
RIVER  WEED,  Conferva  rivalis. 
RIZ.  Oryza. 

ROAN  TREE,  Scorbus  acuparia. 
ROB,  Roob,  Robub,  Ru/tob,  (F.)  Extrait  des 
fruits.  This  word,  of  Arabic  extraction,  means 
the  juice  of  any  fruit  thickened  to  the  consis- 
tence of  honey  by  evaporation,  before  it  has  fer- 
mented. The  juice  of  the  grape,  boiled  to  this 
consistence,  was  called  Sapa;  and,  when  not 
quite  so  thick,  Defrulum. 

Rob  Cynosbatos,  Confectio  rosa?  caninse — r. 
ex  Moris,  Diamorion— r.  Nucum,  Diacaryon. 
ROBIN  RUN-AWAY,  Glechoma  hederacea. 
ROBIN'IA  AMA'RA,  Family,  Leguminosffi. 
Sex.  Syst.  Diadelphia  Decandria.  The  roots  of 
the  Robinia  amara  of  Cochin  China  are  bitter, 
and  have  been  recommended,  especially  in  that 
country,  in  diarrhoea  and  dyspepsia. 

Robinia  Fseudo-Aca'cia,  Locust  Tree,-  native 
of  America.     The  flowers  are  said  to  possess 
antispasmodic  properties. 
EORORANS.  Corroborant. 
ROBORAJNTIA.  Tonics. 
ROBUB,  Rob. 

ROCCELLA,  Lichen  roccella. 
ROCHE'S  EMBROCATION  FOR  HOOP- 
ING-COUGH.      An    empirical    preparation, 
composed  of  ol.  olio.  §vxj,  ul.  succin.  g-viij.  ol. 
caryoph.,  q.  s.  to  scent  it  strongly. 
ROCHER,  see  Temporal  bone. 
ROCHETTA  ALEXANDRINA,  Soda. 
ROCKET,  GARDEN,  Brassica  eruca—r.  Ro- 
man, Brassica  eruca. 

ROCK   ROSE,  Helianthemum  Canadense. 
ROCOU,  Terra  Orleana. 
ROGNE,  Psora. 
ROHENA,  BARK,  Swietenia. 
ROHOB,  Rob. 

ROIDEUR  CADAVARIQUE,  Rigor  mortis. 
ROISDORFF,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Alkaline  walera   in    Germany,  which   contain 
carbonic  acid  and  carbonate  of  soda. 
ROLLER,  Bandage,  Fascia. 


ROMARLY 


656 


R0SSAL1A 


ROMAR1N,  Rosmarinus— r.  Sauvage,  Ledum 
sylvestre. 

ROME,  (CLIMATE  OF.)  The  climate  of 
Rome,  as  regards  its  physical  qualities,  is  con- 
sidered to  be  one  of  the  best  in  Italy.  It  is  pe- 
culiarly still;  and,  hence,  has  been  esteemed 
valuable  as  a  winter  climate  in  pulmonary  dis- 
eases, and  for  invalids  generally,  as  it  admits 
of  their  taking  exercise  in  the  open  air  at  a 
lower  temperature  than  they  otherwise  could 
do.  In  the  early  stages  of  consumption,  Sir 
James  Clark  generally  found  the  climate  fa- 
vourable. 

ROMPEURE,  Hernia. 

ROJVCE,  Rubus  idseus— r.  Bleue,  Rubus  cte- 
sjus — r,  de  Montague,  Rubus  chamsmorus — r. 
Noire,  Rubus  fruticosus. 

RONCHUS,  Snoring.  Stertor. 

ROND,  Round — r.  Grand,  Teres  major — r. 
Fetit,  Teres  minor. 

RONFLEMENT,  Snoring,  Stertor,  see  Rat- 
tle— r.  de  Diable,  Bruit  de  Diabk. 

ROOTJ,  Rob. 

ROOF  OF  THE  MOUTH,  Palate. 

ROOT,  Radix — r.  Ague^Aletris  farinosa— r. 
Bitter,  Apocynum  androsEentifolium — r.  Canada, 
Asclepias  tviberosa — r.  Red,  Ce  las  tins — r.  Rough, 
Liatris — r.  of  Scarcity,  Beta  hybrida — r.  Squaw, 
Actjea  racemosa — r.  Sweet,  Acorus  calamus — 
r.  Unicorn,  Aletris  farinosa  —  r.  Yellow,  Xan- 
thoma apiifolia — r. Yellow,  JefFersonia  Bartoni. 

R.OPE  BARK,  Dirca  palustris. 

ROQVETTE,  Brassica  eruca,  Soda. 

RORELLA.  Drosera  rotundifolia. 

RORIF'EROUS,  Ror'ifcr,  (F.)  Rorifere,  from 
roff,  'dew,'  and  ferro,  'to  cany.'  Epithet  given 
to  vessels  which  pour  exhaled  fluids  on  the 
surface  of  organs. 

ROS,  Sperm — r.  Calabrinus,  Fraxinus  ornus 
— r.  Solis,  Drosera  rotundifolia. 

ROSA,  R.  centifolia. 

Rosa  Alba.  The  White  Rose,  (F.)  Rosier 
blunc.  Family,  Rosaces.  Sex.  Syst.  Icosandria 
Polygynia.  The  flowers  of  this  species  possess 
similar  but  inferior  qualities  to  the  damask. 

Rosa  Cani'na;  R-  Syhes'tris,  Cynor'rhodon, 
Canim'hus.  Cani'nus  Sentis,  Cynocyt'isus,  Cy- 
nospas'tum,  Cynos'batos,  the  Dog  Rose,  Wild 
Brier,  Hip  Tree,  (F.)  Rose  du  chien,  Eglantier 
de  chien,  E.  sauvage.  The  fruit  of  this  variety, 
called  Heps  or  Hips,  (q.  v.)  has  a  sourish  taste, 
and  is  formed  into  a  conserve.  See  Confectio 
cynosbali.  It  is  seldom  employed,  except  to 
give  form  to  more  active  remedies;  as  in  pills, 
boluses,  linctuses,  &c. 

Rosa  Centifo'lia;  the  Damask  Rose,  Rosa 
Daiuasr.e'na,  R.  Pal'lida,  (F.)  Rosier  a  cent 
feitilles,  Rliodon,  Rosa.  The  petals  of  this  rose 
have  an  extremely  fragrant  odour,  and  subaci- 
dulous  taste.  They  are  laxative;  but  are 
scarcely  used  for  any  purposes  except  for  the 
distillation  of  rose- water,  Oil  of  Roses,  Oleum. 
Rosa:,  and  the  formation  of  a  syrup. 

Rosa  Daiuascena,  R.  centifolia. 

Rosa  Gal'lica;  the  Red  Ruse,  Rosa  rubra, 
(F.)  Rosier  da  rrovins.  The  petals  of  this  va- 
riety are  astringent;  and  are  used  in  infusion, 
conserve,  &C. 

Rosa  Pallida,  R.  centifolia— r.  Rubra,  R. 
Gallica— r.  Saltans,  Essera — r.  Sylvestris,  R. 
canina. 

ROS  AGE,  Rhododendron  chrysanthemum. 

ROSAGO,  JNerium  oleander. 


ROSALIA,  Scarlatina. 

ROSE,  Erysipelas— r.  Christmas,  Hellebores 
niger  —  r.  Damask,  Rosa  centifolia  —  r.  Dog, 
Rosa  canina — r.  Dog,  conserve  or  confection 
of,  Confectio  rosce  canina; — r.  du  chien,  Rosa 
canina — r.  Ra.sb,  Roseola — r.  Red,  Rosa  Gal- 
lica— r.  White,  Rosa  aiba. 

ROSEA,  Rhodia. 

ROSE  BALM,  Scarlet,  Monarda  coccinea. 

ROSE  DROP,  Gutta  rosea. 

ROSEMARY,  Rosmarinus— r.  Marsh,  Staticc 
limonium,  and  S.  Caroliniana. 

ROSENHEIM,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Rosenheim  is  34  miles  S.  E,  from  Munich  in 
Bavaria.  The  waters  contain  sulphuretted  hy- 
drogen, carbonic  acid,  carbonate  of  lime,  chlo- 
rides of  calcium  and  magnesium,  carbonate  of 
soda,  and  oxide  of  iron.  They  are  used  as  to- 
nics. 

ROSE'OLA,  Exanthe'sis  Roseola,  Rose  Rash, 
(F.)  Roseole.  An  efflorescence  in  blushing 
patches,  gradually  deepening  to  a  rose-colour, 
mostly  circular  or  oval;  often  alternately  fading 
and  reviving:  sometimes,  with  a  colourless  nu- 
cleus; and  chiefly  on  the  checks,  neck,  or  arms. 
It  is  frequently  found,  as  a  symptom,  in  denti- 
tion, dyspepsia,  &c,  and  is  of  no  consequence. 
See  Rubeola  and  Scarlatina. 

Roseola  ^Esti'va.  The  affection  which  pre- 
vails in  summer.  The  eruption  is  a  darker  co- 
lour, and  is  attended  with  more  itching. 

Roseola  Annula'ta.  Characterized  by 
patches  in  the  form  of  rose-coloured  rays,  with 
central  areas  of  the  colour  of  the  skin. 

ROSEOLJE,  Rubeola.  This  name  is  also 
given  by  some  to  an  acute  exanthem,  mid-way 
between  measles  and  scarlatina,  and  which 
belongs  to  neither  one  nor  the  other,  as  it  affords 
no  protection  against  either.  It  is,  also,  termed 
Rubeolas  by  some;  by  others,  Morbil'li  variolo'si, 
Scarlati'na  pustulo'sa,  S.  milia'ris. 

ROSliOLE.  Roseola. 

ROSE  PINK,  Chironia  angularis. 

ROSES,  MILK  OF.  A  cosmetic  wash, 
formed,according  to  one  method, of  subenrbonute 
of  potass,  gr.  vj ;  oil  of  almonds,  5  j ;  essence  of  ber- 
gamot,  ,^ij;  aquas  rosx,  5'U»  orange  flower  water, 
gij.     Mix. 

ROSEWOOD,  Rhodium  lignum. 

ROSEWORT,  Rhodia. 

ROSIER  BLANC,  Rosa  alba— r.  a  Cent  feu- 
illes,  R.  centifolia — r.  de  Provins,  Rosa  Gallica. 

ROSIN,  BLACK,  Colophonia  — r.  Brown, 
Colophonia — r.  White,  see  Pinus  sylvestris — r. 
Yellow,  see  Pinus  sylvestris. 

ROSIO  STOMACHI,  Cardialgia. 

ROSMARINUS,  R.  officinalis,  Akhachil,  R. 
horten'sis,  Libano'tis  corona' ria,  Dendrolib' anus. 
Rosemary,  (F.)  Romarin.  Family,  Labiatcc. 
Sex.  Syst.  Diandria  Monogynia.  The  tops  of 
this  plant,  Rosmarinus,  (Ph.  U.  S.)  have  a  fra- 
grant, grateful  smell ;  and  an  aromatic,  warm, 
bitterish  taste,  which  is  dependent  upon  an 
essential  oil,  combined  with  camphor.  Rose- 
mary has  been  recommended  in  nervous  head- 
aches, in  the  form  of  infusion.  It  is  now  rarely 
used,  except  for  its  odour.  The  flowei  is  called 
Anthos,  avSog.  Its  oil — Oleum  Rosmarini — is 
officinal.  From  two  to  six  or  ten  drops  are 
given  in  nervous  complaints  rubbed  up  with 
sugar. 

Rosmarinus  Sylvestris,  Ledum  sylvestre. 

ROSSALIA,  Scarlatina. 


ROSSOLIO 


C57 


RUBUS  CHAM.EMORU8 


ROSSOLlO,  see  Spirit. 
ROSTRUM,  Rinehos,  Ramphos,  'a  beak.'  (F.) 
Bee.  ((].  v.)  A  name  given  to  several  old  for- 
ceps, on  account  of  their  resemblance  to  the 
beaks  of  different  birds.  The  principal  were 
tin.'  Rostrum  corvi'num,  anati'num,  psittaci'num, 
vulturi'num,  cyg'ntum  vel  olori'num,  grui'num, 
lact.rti'num,  &c. 

Rostrum  Porcinum,  Acromion. 
ROSY  BUSH,  Spircea  tomentosa. 
ROT,  Eructation. 

ROT'ACISM,  Rolacism'us,(F.)  Grasseyemcnt. 
A  vicious  pronunciation  of  the  Greek  r,  Ran, 
common  in  the  northern  parts  of  England;  espe- 
cially near  Newcastle. 

ROTAC I SM  US,  Grasseyemcnt. 
ROTA'TOR,  from  rota,  'a  wheel.'     A  name 
given  to  several  muscles,  that  turn  the  parts 
to  which  they  are  attached   upon  their  axes; — 
such   as,  the   oblique   muscles  of  the  eye,  the 
pronators  and  supinators,  &c. 
Rotator,  Trochanter. 
ROTULA,  Patella,  Trochiscos. 
ROTULE,  Patella. 
ROTUNDUS,  Round. 
ROUCOV,  Terra  Orleana. 
ROUEN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.    This 
water,  known   under  the  name,  Eau  des  fori- 
taincs  ile,  la  Mareguerie,  is  cold,  and  contains 
carbonate  of  iron,  carbonic  acid,  carbonate  of 
lime,  chloride  of  calcium,  &c.     It  is  tonic. 

ROUGE,  Colcothar — r.  D'.lngletcrre,  Col- 
cothar. 

ROUGEOLE,  Rubeola. 
ROUGH  ROOT,  Liatris. 
ROUILLE,  Rubiginous. 
ROUND,  Teres,  Roturidus,  (F.)  Rond.    Ana- 
tomists have  given  this  name  to  many  organs, 
whose   fibres  are  collected    in   round  fasciculi. 
See  Teres. 

Round  Fora'men,  Ford  men  rotund  um.  A  fo- 
ramen of  the  sphenoid  bone,  a  little  behind  the 
foramen  lacerum  super  ins,  which  gives  passage 
to  the  second  branch  of  the  Oth  pair  of  nerves, 
called  superior  maxillary. 

Round  Ligaments  of  the  Uterus,  Liga- 
men'ta  rotund' a  Uteri,  Cordons  sus-pubiens  (Ch.) 
Cordons  vaseutaircs,  (F.)  Ligaments  ronds  de 
Vutervs.  Two  cords,  which  arise  from  the  la- 
teral and  superior  parts  of  the  uterus,  whence 
they  proceed  towards  the  abdominal  rings, 
which  they  pass  through,  and  terminate  by 
vanishing  in  the  cellular  tissue  of  the  groins, 
mons  veneris,  and  labia  majora.  These  cords 
are  whitish,  flattened,  and  narrower  in  the 
middle  than  at  the  extremities.  Their  fibres, 
Which  are  longitudinal,  are  apparently  albugi- 
neous. 

RU  BBER,  INDIAN,  Caoutchouc. 
RUBE'UO.     Redness;    from  rubere,    'to    be 
red.'     A  diffused,  but  not  spotted,  redness  on 
any  part  of  the  skin;   like  that   which   arises 
from  blushing. 

RU  BEFA'CIENT,  Erethism' a,  Rubefa'ciens, 
from  ri.'bens,  'red,'  and  fdcio,  'I  make.'  (F.) 
Riihijiimt.  That  which  produces  redness.  A 
medicine,  which  causes  redness  of  the  skin. 
The  action  is  called  Rube/action. 
i:(i;/'riA.YT.  Rubefacient. 
RU  BE'OLA,  Rubeo'a  vulgaris,  from  rubere, 
'to  be  red.'  Rase'olx.  Exanthefsis  Rubeola,  Vetera1. 
na,  Blue  cine,  Bovithe,  Mortal' li,  M.  varioh'si,  Scar- 
latum  pustulo'sa,  S.  Milia'ris,  Febris  morbWo'sa, 


Typhus  Morbi/losus,  Fhcenicis'mus,  Measles;  (F.) 
Rovgeole,  Fierre  morbilh.use.     One  of  the  major 
exanthemata;generallyaffecting  individuals  but 
once,  and  produced  by  specific  contagion.     The 
rash  usually  appears  on  the  4th,  but  sometimes 
on  the  3d,  5th,  or  (ith  day,  of  a  febrile  disorder; 
and,  after  a  continuance  of  four  days,  gradually 
declines  with  the  fever.     The  disease  generally 
commences  from  10  to   14  days  after  the  con- 
tagion has  been  received.     The  eruption  first 
shows  itself  in  distinct,  red,  and  nearly  circu- 
lar   spots,   somewhat   less   than    the   ordinary 
areola?  of  flea  bites.     As  these  increase  in  num- 
ber,  they  coalesce;   forming  small    patches  of 
an  irregular  figure,  but  approaching  nearest  to 
that  of  semicircles  or  crescents.     These  patches 
are   intermixed  with  single,  circular  dots  and 
with   interstices  of  the   natural   colour  of  the 
skin.     On  the  face  they  are  slightly  raised,  so 
as  to  give  the  sensation  of  inequality  of  surface 
to   the    finger    passed    over   the   cuticle.    The 
disappearance  of  the  eruption  is   followed    by 
desquamation  of  the  cuticle.     Measles  is  not 
dangerous  of  itself;  but  it  is  apt  to  induce  pneu- 
monia in   winter,  and   dysentery    in    summer, 
which  are,  at  times,  very  fatal.     These  are  apt 
to  come  on  at  the  time  of,  or  soon  after  the  dis- 
appearance of  the  eruption.     When    they  su- 
pervene, they   must   be   treated    as    idiopathic 
affections.     It  demands  a  general  antiphlogistic 
treatment.     Willan  has  pointed  out  a  kind  of 
Rubeola  spuria,  which  lie  calls  Rubeola  sine 
Catarrho.     In  this  the  rash  runs  its  regular 
course,  with  little  fever  or  catarrhal  affection; 
affording  no  certain  security  against  the  com- 
mon or    regular    disease.     He    also   gives  the 
name,  Rubeola  Nigra  or  Black  Measles,  to 
an  unusual  appearance  of  the  measles  about 
the  7th  or  8th  day,  when  the  rash  becomes  sud- 
denly livid,   with  a  mixture  of  yellow.    It   is 
devoid  of  inconvenience  or  danger;  and  is  re- 
moved  in  a  week  or  ten   days  by  the   mineral 
acids. 

RU'BlA,i?.  Tinc/o'rum,  Erylhrod'anum,  Ru- 
bin nwjor,  Radix  rubra,  Dyers  Madder,  Mad- 
der, (F.)  Garance.  Family,  Rubiaeese.  Sex. 
Syst.  Tetrandria  Monogynia.  The  roots  of  this 
plant  have  a  bitterish,  somewhat  austere,  taste ; 
and  a  slight,  not  agreeable,  smell.  The}'  were 
formerly  considered  deobstruent,  detergent, 
and  diuretic. 

RUBIGINOUS.  Rubigino'sus,  from  rubigo, 
'rust.'  (F.)  Roidlle.  Having  the  colour  of 
rust.  An  epithet  given  to  the  sputa  in  certain 
cases  of  pneumonia. 

RUBINUS  VERUS,  Anthrax. 
RU'BRICA  FABRl'LIS.    A  red,  heavy, 
earthy  matter,  formerly  employed   for  making 
drying  plasters.     Hard  Ruddle,  Red  Chalk. 

Rukrica    Sinop'ica.      A     heavy,    compact, 
reddish  earth:  formerly  used  in  diarrhoea. 
RUBRIN,  Hasmatin. 

RUBUS  ARO'TICUS.  The  Shrubby  Straw- 
berry,  Bacras  Norland' icse.  Family,  Rosacea?. 
Sex.  Syst.  Icosandria  Polygynia.  The  fruit  is 
recommended  by  Linnaeus  as  possessing  anti- 
septic, refrigerant,  and  antiscorbutic  qualities. 
Rubus  C^e'sius;  the  Dewberry  plant,  (F.) 
Ronee  bleue.  The  fruit  resembles  the  black- 
berry in  appearance  and  properties.  The  bark 
of  the  root  of  the  R.  Trivia' lis,  or  American  Dew- 
berry, is  astringent. 

Rubus  ChamjEMo'rus;  the   Cloudberry  Tree, 


RUBUS  FRUTICOSUS 


C58 


RUT  A 


CItamxmo'ms,  Cloudberries,  Knot' berries,  (F.) 
Ronce  dc  Montague.  The  ripe  fruit  is  some- 
times prepared  like  a  jam,  and  used  in  fevers, 
&c,  to  allay  thirst.  It  has  been  much  extolled 
as  an  antiscorbutic. 

Runus  Fkutico'sus;  the  Common  Bramble, 
which  affords  Blackberries,  (F.)  Ronce  noire. 
The  berries  are  eaten  as  a  summer  fruit,  of 
which  they  form  a  poor  variety.  The  bark  of 
the  root  of  the  Rubus  villo'sus,  or  American 
Blackberry,  High  or  standing  blackberry,  Hairy 
American  Bramble,  is  astringent,  and  has  been 
used  in  the  last  stages  of  dysentery,  and  in  cho- 
lera infantum. 

Rubus  In^'us;   Batos,  paras;  the  Rasj 
(F.)  Framboise,  Ronce.     The   fruit  of  the  best 
varieties  is  extremely  agreeable;  and  is  much 
used.     It  was,  formerly,  called  Batinon  moron. 

Rubus  Trivialis,  see  Rubus  caesius^r.  Vil- 
losus,  see  Rubus  fruticosus. 

RUCTATIO,  Eructation. 

RUCTUS,  Eructation — r.Acidus,Oxyregmia. 

RUDDLE,  HARD,  Rubrica  fabrilis. 

RUE,  Kuta — r.  Common,  Rata — r.de  Chevre, 
Galega  officinalis — r.  Goat's,  Galega  officinalis 
— r.  Goat's  Virginia,  Galega  Virginiana — r. 
Meadow,  Thalictron — r.  des  Mur allies,  Asple- 
nium  ruta  muraria — r.  des  Prbs,  Thalictron—  r. 
Sauvage,  Ruta. 

RUFT,  Eructation. 

RUGA,  Wrinkle. 

RUG1JVE,  Raspatorium. 

RUGISSEMENT,  Rugitus. 

RUGI'TUS,  Bnjchcthmos,  from  rugire,  rugi- 
turn,  'to  roar.'  (F.)  Rugissement.  A  Latin 
word,  which  ordinarily  expresses  the  roaring 
of  the  lion:  and  which  is  used,  by  some  medi- 
cal writers,  to  designate  a  particular  species  of 
borborygmus  compared  to  it. 

RUM,  Tafia,  Molas/scs  Spirit.  A  spirit  dis- 
tilled from  sugar,  or  molasses.     See  Spirit. 

RUMA,  Mamma. 

RUMEN,  Hypogastrium. 

RUMEX  ACETU'SA.  The  Common  Sor- 
rel, Oralis  Accto'sa,  Acetosa  vulga'ris,  A.  pra- 
ten'sis,  Jlnax'yris,  A.  arven'sis,  Sorrel,  Sour  clock, 
Acetosa  nostras,  (F.)  Oseille.  Family,  Polygo- 
neffi.  Sex.  Syst.  Hexandria  Trigynia.  The 
leaves  are  sour,  and  are  used  in  cookery,  and 
also  as  a  refrigerant. 

Rumex  Acu'tus;  Sharp-pointed  Wild  dock, 
Oxylap' allium,  Lop' allium,  Rumex,  Lap'athos, 
(F.)  Patience  sauvage.  The  decoction  of  the 
root  has  been  long  used  in  cutaneous  affections. 
It  is,  sometimes,  employed  for  the  cure  of  the 
itch. 

Rumex  Ai-pi'nus.  The  systematic  name  of 
the  plant  that  affords  the  Monk's  Rhubarb,  (F.) 
Rhabarbe  des  Moines.    See  Rumex  patientia. 

Rumex  Aquaticcs,  Rumex  hydrolapathum 
— r.  Britannica,  Rumex  hydrolapathum  —  r. 
Digynus,  Oxyria  reniformis. 

Rumex  Hydrolap'athum,  Water-Dock,  Hy- 
drolapathum, Rumex  aquat'icus,  Hcrba  Britan'- 
nica,  Rumex  Britan' nica,  Lapathum  aquaticum, 
(F.)  Parelle,  Patience  d'eau.  The  leaves  of  this 
plant  are  subacid,  and  said  to  be  laxative. 
The  root  has  been  used  as  a  tonic,  astringent, 
and  antiscorbutic.  It  has  also  been  employed 
externally,  in  some  cutaneous  affections. 

Rumex  Obtusifo'lks,  Blunt-leaved  Dock. 
The  root  of  this  as  well  as  of  R.  crispus,  has 
similar  virtues  to  that  of  the  other  species. 


Rumex  Patien'tia; —  Rhabar'barum  motto.- 
cho'rum,  Hippolap'athum,  Patientia,  Garden  I'a- 
tiencc,  Monk's  Rhubarb,  (F.)  Patience.  This 
root,  which  is  supposed  to  possess  the  virtues  of 
rhubarb,  but  in  an  inferior  degree; — according 
to  Linnaeus,  is  obtained  from  the  Rumex  pa- 
tientia; according  to  Murray,  from  the  Rumex 
Alpinus. 

Rumex  Sanguineus.  The  root  of  the  bloody 
dock  has  an  austere  and  astringent  taste  ;  and 
has  been  employed  in  dysentery.  It  is  called, 
also,  Lapathum  sanguineum,  (F.)  Oseille  ou  Pa- 
tience rouge,  Sangdragon. 

Ruaiex  Scuta'tus,  French  Sorrel,  Acetosa  ro- 
tundifo'lia,  A.  Roma'na,  J).  Rotitndifolia  hortcn'- 
sis,  Roman  or  Garden  Sorrel,  Green  Sauce,  (F.) 
Oseille  boucher,  Oseille  rondc,  Petite  0.  Virtues 
the  same  as  those  of  the  common  sorrel. 

RUMINA'TION,  Rumma'tio,  from  ruma.  or 
rumen,  'the  gullet.'  Merycis'mus.  A  function 
peculiar  to  ruminating  animals,  by  which  they 
chew  the  food  thuy  have  swallowed  a  second 
time.  An  analogous  phenomenon  is  sometimes 
seen  in  man. 

RUMP,  Croupion — r.  Bone,  Coccyx. 

RUNNET,  Rennet. 

RUNNING,  Cursus,  (F.)  Course.  A  suc- 
cession of  leaps,  executed  with  rapidity,  to 
transport  the  body  quickly  from  one  place  to 
another. 

RUNUNCULA,  Raspatorium. 

RU'PIA,  Ulcus  aton'icum,  Ecphly'sis  Rhy'pia, 
from  qvnog,  'filth.'  An  eruption  of  large  tiat- 
tish  blebs,  which  contain  a  fluid  —at  first  serous, 
afterwards  puriform,  and  often  bloody,  which 
rapidly  concretes  into  crusts,  at  the  base  of 
which  are  ulcers  of  variable  depths. 

It  requires  the  use  of  tonics  internally,  and 
of  stimulating  ointments  externall}7. 

RUPTORIUM,  Cauterium—  r.  Commune, 
Potassa  fusa. 

RUPTURA,  Ecrexis,  Hernia,  Laceration— 
r.  Uteri,  Uterus,  rupture  of  the. 

RUPTURE,  Hernia— r.  du  Cceur,  Cardior- 
rhexis — r.  of  the  Groin,  Bubonocele — r.  de  la 
Mutrict,  Uterus,  rupture  of  the — r.  Woit,  Her- 
niaria  glabra. 

RUSCUS,  R.  aculea'tus,  Bruscus,  Oxymyr- 
rhinB,  Oxymyrsine,  Myrtacan'tha,  Catan'gclos, 
Myacan'tha,  Scopa  regia,  Wild  Myrtle,  Centro- 
myrine,  Butcher's  Broom,  (F.)  Petit  houx,  Fra- 
gon.  Family,  Smilacea;.  Sex.  Syst.  Dioecia  Mo- 
nadelphia.  The  root  has  been  recommended 
as  an  aperient  and  diuretic. 

Ruscus  Aculeatus,  Ruscus. 

Ruse  us  Hypoglos'sum;  Uvula'ria,  Hypoglos- 
sum,  Bislin'gua,  Bonifu'cia,  Laurus  AlexandrH- 
na  angustifo'lia,  (F.)  Laurier  Alexandria.  For- 
merly used  against  relaxed  uvula. 

RUSH,  SWEET,  Acorus  calamus,  Juncus 
odoratus. 

RUSMA,  see  Orpiment. 

RUSPI'NPS  TIN  CTURE  FOR  THE  TEETH. 
An  empirical  preparation,  composed  of  Floren- 
tine orris  3  v i i j ,  cloves  §j,  rectified  spirit  Oij,  am- 
bergris Qj. 

RUT',  Heat. 

RUTA,  Ruta  gravcolens,  R.  horten' sis,  Com- 
mon Rue,  Pcg'anum,  Bcsa'sa,  (F.)  Rue,  Rhue. 
Rue  sauvage.  Family,  Rutace.-e.  Sex.  Syst.  De- 
candria  Monogynia.  The  plant  has  a  strong, 
ungrateful  odour,  and  bitter  and  pungent  taste. 
It  is  acrid,  so  as  to  blister  the  skin.     Its  pro- 


RUTA  CAPRARIA 


C39 


SACCHARUM  LACTIS 


perties  are  reputed  to  be  tonic,  stimulant,  anti- 1 
epasmoclic,  and  emmcnagogue.  Dose,  gr.  xv. 
toQij. 

Oleum  Rulx,  distilled  Oil  of  Rue,  is  antispas- 
modic; and, externally,  rubefacient.  Dose,  gtt. 
ij  to  vj. 

Ruta  CAPRAHiA,Galega  officinalis— r.  Mura- 
ria,  Asplenium  ruta  muraria. 

RUTABULUM,  Penis. 

RUTA'CEUM,  from  Ruta,  'rue.'  Vinegar 
of  rue. 

RUTIDOMA.see  Rutidosis. 

RUTIDO'SIS,  Rytido'sis,  Rhytido'sis,  from 
furijoto,  'I  wrinkle.'  The  act  of  wrinkling;  as 
Rutidoma  means  a  shrivelled  or  wrinkled  body. 


A  destruction  or  atrophy  of  the  eye.  Corruga- 
tion and  subsidence  of  the  cornea. 

RUYSCHIA'NA  TU'NICA,  (F.j  Lame  ou 
Membrane  Ruyschienne.  According  to  Ruysch 
and  the  greater  part  of  his  disciples,  the  choroid 
coat  of  the  eye  is  formed  of  two  lamina?.  His 
son  gave  to  the  inner  the  name  Tunica  Ruys- 
chia'na  or  Membra'na  Ruysckia'na  seu  Ruysch' ii. 

Tu'nica  Cellnlo'sa  Ruysckia'na  is  the  cellular 
substance  under  the  peritoneal  covering  of  the 
stomach.  R  is  not  numbered  among  the  coats 
of  that  organ. 

RYE,  Secale— r.  Horned,  Ergot— r.  Spurred, 
Ergot. 

KYTIDOSIS,  Rutidosis. 

RYTIS,  Wrinkle. 


S. 


S.  S.  A.  &e.,  see  Abbreviations. 
SABADILLA,  Veratrum  sabadilla. 
SABADILLIN,  see  Veratrina. 
SABBATIA,  Chironia  angularis— s.  Angula- 
ris,  Chironia  angularis. 

SABINA,  Juniperus  sabina. 
SABIJS'E,  Juniperus  sabina. 

SABLJi,  Macule/ sus,  'sanded.'  Having  the 
appearance  as  if  strewed  with  sand.  The  terms 
sable,  and  piqucte  are  sometimes  applied  to  the 
brain,  when  a  slice  of  it  exhibits  red  points  as 
if  it  had  been  strewed  with  red  sand.  Such  is 
the  case  in  cerebral  hyperemia. 

SABOT  DE  YEjYUSJAUNE,  Cypripedium 
luteum. 

SAB'ULOUS,  Sabulo'sus,  Areno'sus,  Psam- 
mo'des.  The  sandy  deposit  often  seen  in  the 
urine. 

SABUR'RA,  Sordes.  This  word  signifies,  by 
derivation,  coarse  sand,  or  ballast.  In  its  com- 
mon acceptation,  it  means  foulness  of  the  sto- 
mach, as  it  is  sometimes  called;  or  vitiated 
matters  supposed  to  be  retained  and  accumu- 
lated in  the  stomach  — the  result  of  imperfect 
digestion — and  which  have  been  sometimes 
considered  as  a  morbid  product  of  the  mucous 
secretion  of  that  organ,  or  of  the  biliary  secre- 
tion; at  others,  as  a  residuum  from  alimentary 
substances  badly  digested.  The  Sabur'ral,  dale, 
Collu'vies  gas'ti-ica,  Crudita'les  ventric'uli,  (F.) 
Embarras  gastrique,  Ittal  saburral,  is  an  accu- 
mulation of  saburra?  (F.)  Saburres  gastriqucs,  in 
the  stomach,  which  the  Humourists  considered 
to  be  the  cause  of  a  number  of  diseases. 

Saburra  Verminosa,  Helminthiasis. 

SABURRATIO,  Arcnatio. 

SABURRES  GASTRIQUES,see  Saburra. 

SAC  HERNLAIRE,  Hernial  sac. 

SACCHAROL&S,  (F.)  A  name  given  by 
MM.  Henry  and  Guibourt  to  medicines  which 
have  sugar  or  honey  for  excipient,  or  for  predo- 
minant principle. 

SACCHARUM.  From  the  Arabic, or  rather 
Sanscrit,  Sa-har,  'white  earth;'  Suchar,  Sue- 
char,  Sutler,  Zuchar,  Zu'caro,  As'sakur,  Tigala, 
Zac'cliarum,  Zoxar,  Zu'charum,  Zuchra,  Sugar, 
(F.)  Sucre.  The  produce  of  the  juice  of  the 
Sac'charum  offieitia'rum  vel  officinale  of  Lin- 
naeus, {Calf annus  In' dims,  CaL'amus  Sacchari'- 
nvs.  Sugar  Cane,  (F.)  Canne  a  Sucre,  Carina- 
mc/'k;  tlic  .drun'do  saccharif'cruof  Sloane.    Fa- 


mily, Cramineac.     Sex.  Syst.  Triandria  Digynia) 
and  also  of  the  beet,  maple,  &c. 

True  sugars  are  those  with  which  alcoholic 
fermention  may  be  effected,  by  the  addition  of 
yeast  and  water.     They  are:  — 
Species.  Varieties. 

'  Hard  sugar  of  the  cane,  maple,  beet,* 
chestnut,  &c. 
Liquid  sugar,  sugar  of  malt,  of  the 
sweet  potato, molasses,  honey,  <fcc. 
(  Hard  sugar  of  the  grape,  ripe  fruits, 
"•  •  •  •     £      starch,  diabetes,  &c. 
4.  .  .  .        Hard  sugar  of  the  mushroom. 

Imperfect  sugars  are  those  in  which  alcoholic 
fermentation  cannot  be  effected  by   means  of 
yeast  and  water. 
Species.  Varieties. 

1 Manna. 

2 Sugar  of  milk. 

3 Sugar  of  jelly  or  glue  (gelatin.) 

4 Liquorice. 

5 Ficromel. 

Sugar  is  prepared  from  the  expressed  juice 
of  the  sugar  cane,  boiled  with  the  addition  of 
quicklime"  or  common  vegetable  alkali.  It  is 
used,  in  pharmacy,  for  the  preparation  of  sy- 
rups, conserves,  lozenges,  &c.  It  is  very  nutri- 
tious, and  is  employed  as  an  aliment,  and  as  a 
demulcent  and  antiseptic.  Dissolved  in  small 
quantities  in  water,  as  in  tea,  it  is  apt  to  disa- 
gree with  dyspeptics;  an  evil  which  does  not 
always  occur  when  the  same  substance  is 
taken  more  largely. 

Sacchaiium  Acer'num,  S.  Canaden'se,  Maple 
Sugar,  is  often  used  as  a  demulcent. 

Sac'charum  Album,  S. pur ifica' turn,  Saccha- 
rum,  (Ph.  U.  S.)  While  Sugar,  Refined  Sugar, 
Sal  Indus,  is  the  Loaf  Sugar.  Double-refined 
Sugar  has  been  called  Tabarzet. 

Saccharum  Can'didum,  Sugar  Candy,  (F.) 
Sucre  Condi,  Al'phenic,  JYabot,  is  the  crystal- 
lized juice  of  the  cane. 

Saccharum  Commune,  Saccharum  non-pun- 
ficaturn. 

Saccharum  Hordea'tum,  Barley  Sugar,  Pe- 
nides,  is  a  variety  of  sugar  candy. 

Saccharum  Lactis,  Sugar  of  Milk  (q.  v.) 
Saccharum   Non-Purificatum,  Muscovado, 
raio  or  brown  or  moist  sugar,  is  the  S.  commu'ne, 
S.  rubrum,  Mel  cannas,  or  coarse  sugar. 


SACCHARUM  OFFICINARUM 


6G0 


SACRO-LUMBAR 


Saccharum  Officinarum,  see  Saccharum — 
s.  Saturni,  Piumbi  superacetas. 

SAC'CULUS,  diminutive  of  saccus,  'a  little 
sac'  This  name  has  been  given  to  two  sacs 
formed  by  the  membranous  vestibule,  which 
open  into  each  other,  and  contain  the  ololithes, 
and  otocanics;  one  of  these  is  termed  the  saccu- 
les vestibuli,  the  other  sacculus.  See  Semicir- 
cular canals. 

Saccum  Adiposi,  Fatty  vesicles — s.  Laryn- 
gei,  Ventricles  of  the  larynx. 

Sac'culi  Medicina'les.  Bags  containing 
medicinal  substances. 

Sacculus,  Marsupion— s.  Cephalicus,  Cucu- 
pha — s.  Chy lifer  seu  rorifer,  Receptaculum 
chyli — s.  Cordis,  Pericardium — s.  Ellipticus, 
see  Semicircular  canals — s.  Sphericus,  see  Se- 
micircular canals — s.  Vestibuli,  see  Semicircu- 
lar canals. 

SACCUS,  Sac — s.  Coli,  Coecum — s.  Hernio- 
sus,  Hernial  sac — s.  Lachrymalis,  Lachrymal 
sac — s  Lacrurnalis,  Lachrymal  sac — s.  Lac- 
teus,  Receptaculum  chyli — s.  Venarum  cava- 
rum,  Sinus  dexter  cordis — s.  Venarum  pulmo- 
nalium.  Sinus  pulmonalis. 

SACER,  Sacral — s.  Ignis,  Herpes  zoster — s. 
Musculus,  Transvcrsalis  dorsi. 

SACK.  A  wine  used  by  our  ancestors.  Vin 
sec.     Probably  Sherry. 

Sack,  Saccus,  Sccluso'rium.  Sax.  rac.  A  bag 
or  pouch. 

Sack,  Hernial,  Saccus  hernio'sus,  (F.)  Sac 
hirniaire.  An  envelope  or  pouch,  formed  by 
the  serous  membrane  of  the  cavity,  whence  a 
viscus  has  escaped.  We  distinguish,  in  a  her- 
nial sac,  its  orifice  or  the  opening  by  which  it 
communicates  with  the  great  cavity  lined  by 
the  serous  membrane:  its  cervix  or  neck,  (F.) 
Co/let,  the  narrow  portion  on  the  outside  of  the 
orifice,  where  strangulation  sometimes  occurs: 
the  body,  (F.)  Corps,  which  is  the  round  promi- 
nent part;  and  the  fundus  or  bottom, — the  part 
opposite  to  the  orifice. 

Sack,  Serous.  The  shut  cavity  formed  by 
any  serous  membrane,  as  by  the  pleura  or  pe- 
ritoneum. 

SACRA  FISTULA,  Vertebral  column. 

SACRAL,  Sucer,  (F.)  Sucre.  That  which 
belongs  or  relates  to  the  sacrum.  A  name 
given  to  several  parts. 

Sacral  Arteries  are  distinguished  into,  1. 
The  anterior  or  middle  sacral,  Median  Artery  of 
the  Sacrum  df  Chaussier,  which  arises  from  the 
posterior  part  of  the  abdominal  aorta,  in  front 
of  the  4th  lumbar  vertebra.  It  descends,  in  a 
serpentine  manner,  upon  the  sacro-vertebral 
articulation,  and  on  the  anterior  surface  of  the 
sacrum.  It  furnishes  many  lateral  branches, 
which  unite  with  the  lateral  sacral  arteries,  and 
enter  the  anterior  sacral  foramina,  to  be  dis- 
tributed to  the  membranes  of  the  marrow,  cVc 
2.  The  lateral  sacral  arteries,  which  are  two  in 
number;  one  on  each  side.  They  arise  from 
the  hypogastric,  from  the  iliolumbar,  or  from 
the  gluteal;  and  descend  before  the  anterior 
sacral  foramina,  anastomosing  in  an  arched 
manner,  towards  the  coccyx,  with  the  middle 
sacral.  They  give  oft'  external  and  posterior 
branches,  which  enter  the  sacral  foramina;  and 
internal  branches,  which  are  distributed  to  the 
pyramidalis,  aacrum,  &c. 

Sacral  Grooves,  (F.)  Gouttieres  sacrces. 
Two  longitudinal  excavations,  slightly  marked, 


at  the  posterior  surface  of  the  sacrum;  which 
appear  to  terminate  the  vertebral  grooves  or 
gutters. 

Sacral  Nerves,  (F.)  Ncrfs  sacr6s,a.re  gene- 
rally six  in  number.  They  arise  from  the  ter- 
mination of  the  spinal  marrow.  The  first, 
united  with  the  great  cord  which  descends 
from  the  lumbar  plexus,  concurs  with  the  three 
others  in  the  formation  of  the  sacral  or  scialic 
plexus.  The  3d  and  4th,  with  branches  of  the 
great  sympathetic, form  the  hypogastric  plexus. 
The  5th  and  6th  are  distributed  to  the  ischio- 
coccygeu3  muscle,  and  to  the  sphincter  and 
levator  ani. 

Sacral  or  Sciat'ic  Plexus, — the  sacral  por- 
tion of  the  crural  plexus  of  Chaussier,  consti- 
tuted as  just  mentioned,  is  situate  in  front  of 
the  pyramidalis.  It  gives  off.  backwards,  two 
branches,  called  the  pudic,  (F.)  honteux,  and  the 
lesser  sciatic.  It  terminates  in  the  great  sciatic 
nerve. 

SAC  RE,  Sacral. 

SACRO-COCCYGE'AL,  Sacro-coccygeus. 
Relating  to  the  sacrum  and  coccyx. 

Sacko-Coccyge'al  Articula'tion  is  that  of 
the  lower  extremity  of  the  sacrum  with  the  su- 
perior facctte  of  the  coccyx.  It  is  closed  by 
two  ligaments  ; — an  anterior,  and  a  posterior  sa- 
cro-coccygeal. 

SAC'RO-COSTALIS,  Sacro-lurabalia— s.  Fe- 
moral, Gluteeus  major. 

SACRO-COXAL'GIA,  from  sacrum,  'the 
os  sacrum,'  coxa,  'the  hip,'  and  a'/.yog,  'pain;'  a 
hybrid  term.  Some  authors  have  called  thus, 
a  rheumatic  affection  of  the  sacro-iliac  sym- 
physis. 

SACRO-ILTAC,  Sacro-lli'acus.  That  which 
relates  to  the  sacrum  and  ilium. 

Sacro-iliac  or  Ilio-sacral  Articulation, 
Symphysis,  or  Synchondrosis,  is  the  union 
of  two  surfaces; — two  inclined  planes,  broader 
above  than  below;  one,  formed  by  the  sacrum; 
— the  other,  by  the  ilium.  Both  surfaces  are 
incrusted  by  an  articular  cartilage.  The  bands, 
which  strengthen  them, are  the  two  sacro-sciaiic 
ligaments,  the  sacro-spinal,  a  sacro  iliac  liga- 
ment, and  some  irregular  fibres.  The  sacni-ilmc 
ligament  is  a  very  thick  assemblage  of  short, 
dense,  irregular  fibres,  occupying  the  space 
which  the  sacrum  and  ilium  leave  between 
them,  behind  their  articular  surface.  Some 
authors  have  termed  some  irregular  fibres, 
situate  in  front  of  the  sacro-iliac  articulation, 
anterior  sacro-iliac  ligaments,  in  opposition  to 
the  preceding  fascia;,  which  they  call  posterior 
sacro-iliac. 

Sacro-Ischiaticus,  Sacro-sciatic— s.  Lorn- 
baire,  Sacro-lumbalis. 

SACRO-LUMBAR,  Sacro-lumba'lis,  Sacro- 
lombaire.  That  which  belongs  to  the  sacrum 
and  loins. 

Sacro-lumbar,  Sacro-lumba'lis,  or  Sacrolum- 
ha'ris  Muscle,  Lombo-costo-trachelien,  Sacro-costa'- 
lis,  Dor so-tr ache' lian  ■portion  of  the  SaQro-ipinal 
of  Chaussieur,  (F.)  Sacro  lombaire,  is  seated  at 
the  posterior  part  of  the  trunk;  is  thick  and  tri- 
angular below;  flat  and  thin  in  the  remainder, 
and  terminates  in  a  point  at  its  upper  extremi- 
ty. It  is  attached  to  the  posterior  surface  of 
the  sacrum  ;  to  the  corresponding  portion  of  the 
crista  ilii;  to  the  extremities  of  the  transverse 
processes  of  the  lumbar  vertebrae;  to  the  angles 
of  the  U  inferior  ribs;  to  the  tuberosity  ot  the 


SACRO-SCIATIC 


C61 


SAGITTAL 


first,  and  the  posterior  tubercle  of  the  trans- 
verse processes  of  the  last  five  cervical  verte- 
brae. The  sacro-lumbalis  straightens  the  ver- 
tebral column  when  bent  forwards,  and  main- 
tains it  straight.  By  means  of  its  insertion  into 
the  ribs,  it  can  elevate  or  depress  these  bones, 
according  as  it  contracts  from  above  to  below, 
or  from  below  to  above.  It  acts,  consequently, 
sometimes  as  an  inspiratory,  at  others,  as  an 
expiratory  muscle. 

From  six  or  eight  of  the  lower  ribs  arises  an 
equal  number  of  fleshy  portions,  which  termi- 
nate at  the  inner  side  of  this  muscle,  and  are 
called  Mus'culi  Accesso'rii  vel  Additamen' turn 
ad  Sacro-lumba'lem,  (F.)  Accessoires  du  Sacro- 
hmbairc. 

From  the  upper  part  of  the  sacro-lumbalis,  a 
fleshy  slip,  called  Cervica'lis  descen'dens,  Cervi- 
calis  descenders  Diemerbroeckii,  Transversa' lis 
c,o  Hal  era'  Us  colli,  Accesso'rius  ad  Sacro-lumbalern, 
Transversaire  grele,  runs  up,  to  be  fixed  to  the 
transverse  processes  of  the  4th,  5th,  and  Gth 
cervical  vertebra?,  by  three  distinct  tendons. 
These  last  parts,  though  separated  by  some 
anatomists,  belong  to  the  sacro-lumbalis. 

SACRO-SCIATIC, Sacro-ischiat'icus.  That 
which  belongs  to  the  sacrum  and  ischium. 

Sacro-sciatic  Ligaments  are  two  ligaments, 
which  assist  in  securing  the  sacro-iliac  articu- 
lation. The  great  or  posterior  sacro-sciatic  liga- 
ment extends  from  the  crista  ilii  and  the  sides 
of  the  sacrum  and  coccyx  to  the  tuberosity  of 
the  ischium.  The  less  or  anterior  sacro-sciatic 
ligament  arises  from  the  same  point,  and  termi- 
nates in  the  spine  of  the  ischium. 

SACRO-SBINAL,  Dorso-trachelian  portion 
of  the  sacro-lumbalis. 

SACRO-SPINA'LIS.  That  which  relates  to 
the  sacrum  and  spine.  Under  this  name,  Chaus- 
sier  describes  the  sacro-lumbalis,  longissimus 
dorsi,  transversalis,  transverso-spinalis.  and  in- 
ter-transversalis.  He  divides  it  into  three  por- 
tions. 

SACRO-TROCHANT£RIEN,Fynm\da\\s. 

SACRO-VER'TEBRAL,  Sacra-vertebra' lis. 
That  which  relates  to  the  sacrum  and  the  ver- 
tebra;. 

Sacro-vertebral  Articulation  is  the  junc- 
tion of  the  last  vertebra  of  the  loins  with  the 
sacrum.  The  angle  which  these  two  bones 
form  at  the  anterior  part  has  been  called  the 
Prom'ontory  of  the  Sacrum,  or  the  Sacro-verte- 
bral Angle. 

Sacro-vertebral  Ligament  is  a  strong  liga- 
ment, which  passes  from  the  anterior  part  of 
each  of  the  transverse  processes  of  the  last 
lumbar  vertebra  to  be  attached  to  the  base  of 
the  sacrum.  Its  vse  is  to  maintain  the  articu- 
lation of  those  two  bones  in  situ. 

SACRUM,  Os  sacrum,  Os  basila'rS,  Os  Ala- 
gas,  Albagiazi,  Huron  osteon,-  from  sacer,  'sa- 
cred;' because  it  contributes  to  protect  the  ge- 
nital organs,  which  were  considered  sacred,  or 
because  it  was  offered  in  sacrifice.  The  bone, 
which  forms  the  posterior  part  of  the  pelvis, 
and  is  a  continuation  of  the  vertebral  column. 
The  sacrum  is  symmetrical  and  triangular; 
situate  at  the  posterior  part  of  the  pelvis,  and 
concave  anteriorly.  It  has,— 1.  A  pelvic  or  an- 
terior surface,  winch  corresponds  to  the  pelvic 
cavity,  and  has  four  transverse  furrows,  that 
point  out  the  parts  where  the  primitive  portions 
of  the  bone  were  separated  from  each  other. 


On  each  side  there  are  four  foramina,  called 
anterior  sacral,-  these  are  oblique,  and  decrease 
in  size,  from  above  downwards.  Through  these 
pass  the  anterior  branches  of  the  sacrafnerves, 
2.  A  spinal  or  posterior  svrface,  which  is  convex, 
rough,  and  covered  by  muscles.  Upon  the  me- 
dian line  are  four  horizontal,  tubercular  emi- 
nences, forming  a  continuation  of  the  spinous 
processes  of  the  vertebrae;  and,  below,  a  trian- 
gular notch,  where  the  sacral  canal  terminates. 
On  each  side  of  this  surface  are  four  foramina, 
called  posterior  sacral,  which  are  smaller  than 
the  anterior,  and  give  passage  to  the  posterior 
branches  of  the  sacral  nerves.  3.  The  verte- 
bral surface  or  base.  Its  greatest  extent  is  trans- 
versely. It  is  articulated  with  the  last  lumbar 
vertebra.  On  it  we  see  the  orifice  of  the  sacral 
canal,  of  a  triangular  shape,  which  decreases  in 
width  from  above  downwards;  terminates  the 
vertebral  canal;  is  lined  by  a  prolongation  of 
the  cerebral  membranes;  contains  the  fasciculi 
of  the  sacral  nerves;  communicates,  externally, 
by  the  sacral  foramina;  and  terminates  at  the 
triangular  notch  on  the  posterior  surface  of  the 
bone.  At  the  sides  of  the  upper  orifice  of  the 
sacral  canal  are  two  articular  processes,  which 
receive  the  articular  processes  of  the  last  lum- 
bar vertebra.  The  projection,  formed  by  the 
union  of  the  base  of  the  sacrum  with  the  last 
lumbar  vertebra,  is  called  the  Promontonj  or 
greater  Jingle  of  the  Sacrum,  or  Sacro-vertebral 
Angle.  4.  A  coccygeal  face  or  apex,  (F.)  Face 
coccygienne  ou  Sommet,  which  is  very  narrow, 
and  is  articulated  with  the  coccyx.  5.  Two 
lateral  margins,  which  have,  above,  a  broad  ob- 
lique surface,  articulated  with  the  ilium. 

The  sacrum  is  developed  by  30  to  3C  points 
of  ossification. 

SADDLE,  TURKISH,  Sella  Turcica. 

SAFFLOWER,  Carthamus  tinctorius. 

SAFFRON,  Crocus— s.  Bastard,  Carthamus 
tinctorius — s.  Flower,  Carthamus  tinctorius — s. 
Dyers',  Carthamus  tinctorius — s.  Meadow,  Col- 
chicum  autumnale. 

SAFRAJY  DjTARD,  Carthamus  tinctorius, 
Colchicum  autumnale — s.  des  Indes,  Curcuma 
longa — s.  de  Mars  aperitif ,  Ferri  subcarbonas— - 
s.  de  Mars  astringent,  Colcothar — s.  des  Pres, 
Colchicum  autumnale — s.  Racine  de,  Curcuma 
longa. 

SAFRANUM,  Carthamus  tinctorius. 

SAFRE,  Smalt. 

SAGA,  Sago. 

SAGAPE'iNUM,  Sag'apin,  Serapi'non,  (F.) 
Gonnne  seraphique.  A  gum-resin,  supposed, to 
be  obtained  from  the  Fcr'ula  Per'sica.  Family, 
Umbelliferee.  Sex.  Sy.st.  Bentandria  Digynia. 
Us  odour  is  fetid  and  alliaceous;  taste  pungent, 
bitterish,  nauseous.  It  is  in  small,  agglutinated 
masses  of  a  yellow  colour;  tenacious;  breaking 
with  a  horny  fracture.  It  is  a  reputed  anti- 
spasmodic and  ernmenagogue.     Dose,  gr.  x  to 

SAGA  FIN,  Sagapenum. 

SAGE,  Saliva — s.  Indian,  Eupatorium  per- 
foratum— s.  Jerusalem,  Bulmonaria — s.  Tree, 
Lantana. 

SAGE-FEMME,  Midwife. 

SAGESSE  DES  CHIRURG1ENS,  Sisym- 
brium Sophia. 

SAGIMEN  VITRI,  Soda,  subcarbonate  of. 

SAGIT'TAL,  Sagitla'Us,  from  sagitta,  (an 
arrow.' 


SAGITTAL  FURROW  OR  GROOVE     GG2 


SAL 


Sagittal  Furrow  or  Groove,  (F.)  Gout- 
tikre  sagittate,  is  a  channel  on  the  median  line 
of  the  inner  surface  of  the  skull-cap.  It  is  ex- 
cavated in  the  os  frontis,  in  the  two  parietal 
and  occipital  bones,  and  extends  i'rom  the  crista 
galli  to  the  internal  occipital  protuberance.  It 
lodges  the  longitudinal  sinus,  which  has  been 
called  the  sagittal  sinus. 

Sagittal  Suture,  Obela'a  sulu'ra,  0.  Raphe, 
S.  Virga'ta,  Sutura  juga'tis,  S.  Rabdol'des  seu 
likabdvil'des.  The  suture  which  unites  the  two 
parietal  bones,  and  which  extends,  from  before 
to  behind  on  the  median  line,  from  the  coronal 
suture  to  the  lambdoidal.  It  is  so  called,  from 
sagitta,  'an  arrow,'  because  it  seems  to  meet 
the  coronal  suture  as  an  arrow  meets  the  string 
of  a  bow. 

SA GITT A'RIU  M  A  L EXIP H A  R'M A  C  U M , 
Malac'ccB  Radix,  Carina  ln'dica,  Arun'do  Indica. 
A  root  cultivated  in  the  West  Indies,  and  sup- 
posed to  be  a  remedy  for  wounds  by  poisoned 
arrows. 

SAGO,  Sagus,  Saga,  (F.)  Sagou,  Sagne.  A 
fecula,  obtained  from  the  pith  of  the  Sagus 
Rumphii,  growing  in  the  Moluccas,  Philippine 
isles,  &c,  and  which  is  brought  to  us  in  small 
grains.  The  same  substance  is.  also,  obtained 
from  the  West  Indies,  but  it  is  inferior  to  that 
from  the  East.  By  boiling  in  water  or  milk, 
sago  becomes  soft  and  transparent,  and  forms 
an  agreeable  and  nutritious  food  in  febrile,  cal- 
culous, and  other  disorders.  It  is  made  palat- 
able by  sugar,  lemon-juice,  or  wine,  where  the 
last  is  not  contra-indicated. 

Sago,  Fhench,  see  Solanum  tuberosum,  and 
Arrowroot,  common — s.  Portland  Island,  see 
Arum  maculatum. 

SAGOU,  Sago. 

SMGUE,  Sago — s.  Petit,  see  Solanum  tubero- 
sum. 

SAGUS,  Sago — s.  Rumphii,  see  Sago. 

SAHARA,  Insomnia. 

SMGNEE,  Blood-letting— s.  Spoliative,  Spo- 
liativa  phlebotomia. 

SA1GNEMENT  DU  JYEZ,  Epistaxis. 

SAILORS,  DISEASES,  &c.  OF.  Sailors, 
by  nature  of  their  occupation,  are  liable  to 
many  diseases.  Several  of  these  may,  however, 
be  warded  off  by  proper  attention  to  cleanliness 
and  ventilation. 

SjJIJY  BOIS,  Daphne  gnidium  —  s.  Doux, 
Adeps  prasparata. 

SAINT  AMAND,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  Sulphuretted  waters,  in  the  department 
of  Nord,  France.  They  contain  carbonic  and 
sulphohydric  acids.  The  Boue  or  deposit  con- 
tains sulphohydric  acid,  and  salts  of  iron  and 
magnesia.     Temperature,  64°  to  82°,  Fahr. 

SAINT  AUGUSTINE,  CLIMATE  OF. 
This  sea-port  of  Florida  is  a  frequent  retreat 
during  the  winter  season  for  the  valetudinarian 
from  the  more  northern  parts  of  the  United 
States.  The  climate  is  certainly  comparatively 
mild  and  equable;  but  it  is  liable  to  frequent 
north-east  storms.  There  are  only  a  few  days, 
however,  in  the  winter,  in  which  the  invalid  can- 
not take  exercise  in  the  open  air.  Tampa  Bay, 
and  Pensacola,  in  Florida;  and  Mobile,  in  Ala- 
bama, which  are  sometimes  visited  by  the  con- 
sumptive, are  less  liabje  to  the  storms  in  question. 

ST.  CHARLES'S  ROOT,  Carlo  sanclo 
(Radix.) 

SAINT  CROIX.  Santa  Cruz. 


SAINT  JAMES'S  WORT,  Sonccio  Jacobasa. 

ST.  JOHN'S  WORT,  Hypericum  perlo- 
liatum. 

SAINT  KITTS,  see  West  Indies. 

SAINT  LEONARDS,  CLIMATE  OF. 
This  place,  which  is  situate  about  a  mile  to  the 
westward  of  Hastings,  in  Sussex,  England,  is 
less  sheltered  than  it,  and  is  therefore  a  less 
favourable  retreat,  during  the  winter  months, 
for  the  phthisical  valetudinarian. 

SAINT  MYON,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Some  cold,  acidulous  waters  at  Saint  My  on, 
near  Riom.  in  the  department  of  Puy-de-Dome. 
They  contain  free  carbonic  acid,  subcarbonate 
of  soda,  chloride  of  sodium,  and  carbonate  and 
sulphate  of  lime. 

SAINT  NECTAIRE,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  Springs  in  the  department  of  Puy-de- 
Dome,  France.  They  contain  carbonic  acid, 
bicarbonate  of  soda,  and  chloride  of  sodium. 
Temperature,  75a  to  103°,  Fahr. 

SAINT  PARDAUX,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  Chalybeate  springs  in  the  department  of 
Allier,  France.  They  contain  carbonic  acid  and 
iron. 

SAINT  SAUVEUR,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  Sulphurous  waters  in  the  department  of 
Hautes- Pyrenees,  France.  Temperature,  70 J 
to  93°,  Fahr. 

SAINT  VINCENTS,  see  West  Indies. 

SAINT  VITUS'S  DANCE,  Chorea— s. 
Vitus's  Dance  of  the  Voice,  Balbuties. 

SAIRE,  Essera. 

SAL, Salt — s.  Absinthii, Potassas  subcarbonas, 
see  Potash— s.  Acetosellas,  Potass,  oxalate  of— 
s.  Acetosus  ammoniacalis,  Liquor  ammonia) 
acetatis— s.  Acidum  benzoes,  Benjamin— s.  Al- 
bus,  Soda,  muriate  of— s.  Alkali,  Soda,  subcar- 
bonate of — s.  Alkalinus  fixus  fossilis,  Soda — s. 
Amarum,  Magnesia?  sulphas — s.  Ammoniac,  vo- 
latile, Ammonias  carbonas — s.  Ammoniacum, 
Ammonia?  murias — s.  Ammoniacum  martiale, 
Ferrum  ammoniatum — s.  Ammoniacum  secre- 
tum  Glauberi,  Ammonia?  sulphas — s.  Ammonia- 
cum tartareum,  Ammonias  tartras — s.  Ammonia- 
cum vegetabile,  Liquor  ammonise  acetatis— s. 
Ammoniacus  nitrosus,  Ammonia:  nilras — s.  Am- 
monias, Ammonias  murias — s.  Anglicanum, Mag- 
nesias sulphas — s.  Antiepilepticusof  Weissrnan, 
Cuprum  ammoniatum — s.  Antimonii,  Antimo- 
niumtartarizatum — s.  Ammoniacum,  Ammonias 
murias — s.  Asphaltites,  Bit  Noben — s.  Catharti- 
cus  amarus,  Magnesias  sulphas— s.  Catharticus 
Glauberi,  Soda,  sulphate  of— s.  Communis, 
Soda,  muriate  of — s.  Cornu  cervi  volatile,  Am- 
monias  carbonas — s.  Culinaris,  Soda,  muriate  of 
— B.  Digestivus  Sylvii,  Potassas  murias — s.  Diu- 
relicus,  Potassas  acetas — s.  de  duobus,  Potassas 
sulphas — s.  Ebsdamense,  Magnesias  sulphas — 
s.  Epsomensis,  Magnesias  sulphas — s.  Essen- 
tiale  Benzoes,  Benjamin — s.  Febrifugus  of  Le- 
mery,  Potassas  supersulphas — s.  Febrifugus 
Sylvii,  Potassas  rnurias — s.  Fontium,  Soda,  mu- 
riate of— s.  Fossilis,  Soda,  muriate  of— s.  Fuli- 
ginis,  Ammonias  carbonas — s.  Gemma?,  Soda, 
muriate  of— s.  Herbarum,  Potassas  subcarbonas 
—  s.  Indus,  Saccharum  album — s.  Lucidum, 
Soda,  muriate  of — s.  Marinus,  Soda,  muriate  of 
— s.Martis,Ferri  sulphas — s.  Marlis  muriaticum 
sublimatum,  Ferrum  ammoniatum — s.  Mirabilis 
Glauberi,  Soda,  sulphate  of— s.  Muriaticum 
baroticum,  Baryta,  muriate  of— s.  Nilrum,  Po- 
tassas nitras — s.  Ossium,  Ammonias  carbonas — 


SALAAM,  CONVULSION 


GOG 


SALIVATION,  MERCURIAL 


a.  Panchrestum,  Potassa?  tartras — s.  Pelra?,  Po- 
litras — s.  Tartarum,  Potassa?  subcarbonas 
— 9.  Plumbi,  Plumbi  superacetas— s.  Poly- 
chrestus,  Potassas  sulplias— 3.  Polychrestus 
Glaseri,  Potassa?  sulphas  cum  sulphure — s.  Po- 
lychrestumSeignetti,  Soda,  tartrate  of— s.  Pru- 
nella?, Potassa?  nitras  fusus  sulphatis  paucillo 
mixlus— s.  Rupellensis,  Soda,  tartrate  of— s.  Sa- 
pientice,  Alembroth  salt,  PotassaE  sulphas— s.  Sa- 
turni,  Plumbi  superacetas — s.  Scientijc,  Alem- 
broth salt — s.  Secretus  Glauberi,  Ammonia?  sul- 
phas— s.  Sedativus  Hombergi,  Boracic  acid — s. 
Sedlicensis,  Magnesia?  sulphas— s.  Seignetti, 
Soda,  tartrate  of— s.  Sennerti,  Potasste  acetas 
— s.  Seydschulzense,  Magnesia?  sulphas— s. 
Soda?,  Soda,  subcarbonate  of — s.  Sodomenus, 
Bit  Noben — s.  Succini,  Succinic  acid — s.  Tar- 
tar!, Potassa?  subcarbonas,  see  Potash — s.Tartari 
essentiale,  Tartaric  acid — s.  Tartari  sulphura- 
tum,  Potassa?  sulphas — s.  Vegetabilis,  Potassa? 
tartras — s.  Vita?,  Alembroth  salt — s.  Vitrioli, 
Zinci  sulphas — s.  Vitrioli  narcoticum,  Boracic 
acid — s.  Volatile,  Ammonite  carbonas,  Spiritus 
ammonia?  aromaticus— s.  Volatile  Benzoes,  Ben- 
jamin— s.  Volatile  boracis,  Boracic  acid — s. 
Volatile  oleosum  SylviL,  Spiritus  ammonia?  aro- 
maticus— s.  Volatile  succini,  Succinic  acid — s. 
Volatilis  salis  ammoniaci,  Ammonia?  carbonas 
— s.  Vomitoriurn  vitrioli,  Zinci  sulphas. 

SALAAM,  COJN  VULSION,  see  Convulsion, 
Salaam. 

SALACITAS,  Satyriasis— s.  Vulva?,  Nym- 
phomania. 

SALAD,  CORN,  Valeriana  dentata. 

SALCOMBE,  (CLIMATE  OF.)  A  small 
place — the  Montpellier  of  Huxham — which  is 
one  of  the  warmest  spots  on  the  S.  W.  coast 
of  England,  and,  therefore,  in  this  respect 
adapted  for  the  phthisical  invalid  as  a  winter 
retreat. 

SALEP,  Saloop'  (so  pronounced.)  The  pre- 
pared bulb  of  the  Orchis  mascula  and  other 
species  of  Orchis.  The  salep  of  Cachmere 
form  a  species  of  Eulophia.  Salep  is  in  small, 
irregular,  hard  masses.  In  its  composition  and 
relation  to  water  it  is  closely  analogous  to  tra- 
gacanth.  It  is  possessed  of  similar  virtues 
with  safo,  tapioca,  &c. 

SALER'NUM,  SCHOOL  OF.  An  ancient 
school  of  medicine  at  Salerno  in  Italy.  It  was 
established  by  Charlemagne,  in  802;  and  was 
the  first  Christian  university  at  which  medicine 
was  taught.  It  was  much  celebrated,  especially 
in  the  12th  century.  The  work  on  hygiene, 
"  De  Conscrvandd  Valetudine,"  which  bears  its 
name,  has  passed  through  several  editions  in 
various  lanoruages.  It  is  supposed  to  have  been 
written  by°John  of  Milan,  in  1100,  and  is  in 
Leonine  verses. 

SALICARIA,  Lythrum  salicaria. 

SALICINE,  see  Salix. 

SALICORN1A  ARABICA,  &c,  see  Soda. 
:NE',  SaU'nus,  Salina'cius,  SaUnac"idus, 
Hali'nus,   from   sal.    That    which   contains   a 
salt,  or  has  the  properties  of  a  salt. 

Saline  Draught,  or  Mixture.     This  may  be 

made  as  follows:—  Potass,  carbon.  Qj,  acid,  citric. 

vel  tartar,  gr.  xv,  vel  succ.  Umon.  recent,  gss, 

;'.  5viij,  syrup,  cujusvis  gj.  M.     Given  in 

divided  doses  as  a  febrifuge. 

Saline  Effirtbscihg  Draught  or  Mixture 
is  made  by  adding  a  due  proportion  of  either  of 
the  acids  above  mentioned,  or  of  lemon  juice, 


to  the  proper  proportion  of  the  carbonate  of 
soda  or  potassa:  about  2o  grains  of  the  acid  sa- 
turate 30  grains  of  the  carbonate.  See  Pow- 
ders, Soda. 

SALIS  AMMONIACI  FLO  RES,  Ammonia? 
carbonas. 

SALIUNCA,  Valeriana  Celtica. 

SALI'VA,  Si'alon,  Si'elon,  Ptij'alon,  Ptij'clon, 
Spittle.  An  inodorous,  insipid,  transparent, 
slightly  viscid  fluid;  secreted  by  the  parotid, 
submaxillary, and  sublingual  glands,  and  poured 
into  the  mouth  by  the  ducts  of  Steno,  Wharton, 
and  Rivinus;  the  use  of  which  is  to  mix  with 
the  alimentary  bolus,  and  to  serve  in  the  process 
of  digestion.  It  is  composed,  according  to  Ber- 
zelius,  of  992.2  parts  of  water,  2.9  of  a  particu- 
lar animal  matter,  soluble  in  water,  and  insolu- 
ble in  alcohol,  of  1.4  of  mucus,  L7  of  chlo- 
rides of  potassium  and  sodium,  0.9  of  lactate  of 
soda  and  animal  matter,  and  0.2  of  soda. 

SALIVA  FLUXUS  CIBO  VISO,  see  Sali- 
vation. 

SALIVJIP.E,  Salivary. 

SALIVANS,  Sialogogue. 

SALIVANT,  Sialogogue. 

SAL'IVARY,  Saliva' rius,  from  saliva,  (F.) 
Solitaire.     That  which  belongs  to  the  saliva. 

Salivary  Fis'tul^e.  Sialosyrin! 'ges,  are  such 
as  depend  upon  an  accidental  opening  into  the 
excretory  ducts  of  the  salivary  glands.  Such 
fistula?  are  most  commonly,  met  with  in  the 
duct  of  Steno. 

Salivary  Glands,  or  secreting  organs  of  the 
saliva,  or  salical  glands,  are  situate  symmetri- 
cally to  the  number  of  three,  on  each  side  of 
the  face,  and  behind  and  under  the  lower  jaw. 
Their  form  is  very  irregular,  and  their  extent 
varies  according  to  individuals.  Their  excre- 
tory ducts — Ductus  Saliva'rii,  (F.)  Canaux  ou 
Conduits  salivaires,  carry  the  saliva  directly 
into  the  mouth,  without  pouring  it  into  any 
intermediate  reservoir,  as  happens  in  the  case 
of  some  of  the  other  glands.  The  salivary  glands 
have  been  distinguished  into, — 1.  The  parotid; 
2.  The  submaxillary;  3.  The  sublingual. 

SAL1VATIO  MERCURIALIS,  Salivation, 
mercurial. 

SALIVATION,  Saliva'tio,  Saliva' tin.  cal'ida, 
Epiph'ora  ptyalis'mus,  Sialis'ma,  Sialis'ntus,  Si- 
atachus,  Siclismos.  Sialorrhce' a,  Pty'alism,  Fluxus 
salivas,  (F.)  Flux  de  Bouche,  Flux  salivaire.  A 
superabundant  secretion  of  saliva;  occasioned 
either  locally  by  the  use  of  irritating  maslica- 
tories,  or  under  the  influence  of  some  cause 
which  acts  on  the  whole  economy,  and  espe- 
cially of  mercurial  preparations.  In  this  last 
case  it  is  accompanied  by  a  coppery  taste  in  the 
mouth,  by  swelling  of  the  gums,  and  some- 
times by  looseness  of  the  teeth.  Salivation 
may  usually  be  diminished  by  the  use  of  astrin- 
gents, laxatives,  &c. 

Ptyalismus  acu'lus  sympathct'icus,  Saliva>. 
fluxus  cibo  viso,  or  Mouth  watering,  the  increased 
flow  of  saliva  produced  by  the  sight,  smell,  or 
thought  of  agreeable  food,  is  a  species  of  ptya- 
lism,  as  well  as  the  Ptyalismus  acutus  meili'tus, 
Apocenosis  ptyalis'tnus  incUitus,  or  Siccet  spittle. 
In  this,  the  saliva  has  a  sweet  or  mucilaginous 
taste. 

Salivation,  Mercu'rial,  Saliva'tio  mercuria'- 
lis,  Ptyulis'mus  mercuria'Ka,  P.  hydrargyra'tus, 
(P.)  Ptyalisme  mercuric/,  Salivation  mercurielle. 
Salivation  produced'by  mercury.    The  stomati- 


SALIVATION  MERCURIEL 


CG4 


SALVIA 


Us  that  accompanies  it  is  termed  -mercurial,  Hy- 
drar'gyro-stomatt'lis,  (F.)  Stomutil.r  run  nirielle. 

SALIVA  TIOjY  MERCURIELLE,  Salivation, 
mercurial. 

SALIX.  The  Willow,  Ilea,  (F.)  Saule.  A 
genus  of  plants  from  the  Linnsean  system. 

Salix  Frag"ilis,  or  Crack  willow;  (Ph.  D.) 
Salix  Alba,  or  White  willow  ;  (Ph.  D.  and  Ph. 
U.  S.)  Salix  Latifo'lia,  or  broad  leaved  wil- 
low. Salix  Ca'prea,  or  Great  round-leaved 
willow;  (Ph.  L.)  Salix  Pentan'duia,  Salix 
Vituli'na.  Salix  Eryoceph'ala.  The  bark 
of  each  of  these  has  a  slightly  aromatic  odour, 
and  a  bitter  and  astringent  taste,  which  is  nearly 
the  same  in  all  the  species.  It  is  tonic  and  as- 
tringent, and  has  been  used  in  intermittents, 
and  in  cases  of  dyspepsia,  worms,  &c.  The 
active  principle  has  been  separated,  and  called 
Sal'icine.  It  is  like  the  quinia  in  medicinal  ef- 
ficacy. Dose,9j  to  3J  of  the  powder.  Dose 
of  Salicine  from  4  to  6  grains. 

Salix  ^Egyptiaca,  Calaf. 

SALMIAC,  Ammonise  murias. 

SALOOP,  Salep. 

SALPINGEMPHRAX'IS,from  caXftiy%,  'the 
Eustachian  tube,'  and  t^Q^ig,  'obstruction.' 
Obstruction  of  the  Eustachian  tube; — a  cause 
of  deafness. 

SALPIN'GO-CYE'SIS,  Paracijc'sis  tuba'ria, 
Gravid'  itas  tuba'ria,  from,  caXmy^,  '  a  tube  or 
trumpet,'  and  xvrjaig, '  pregnancy.'  Tubal  preg- 
nancy.—  See  Pregnancy. 

SALPWGO-MALLEEN,  Tensor  tynipani— 
s.  Staphylinus  interims,  Levator  palati. 

SALPINGO-PHARYNG^E'US,  from  <raX- 
77ijJ,'a  trumpet,'  and  (pa.ovyt;,  '  the  pharynx.' 
Valsalva  and  Douglas  have  given  this  name  to 
a  bundle  of  fibres,  which  passes  from  the  Eu- 
stachian tube  to  the  pharynx. 

SALPINX,  Tuba. 

SALSAFI,  Tragoporrnn. 

SALSAMENTUM  CRUDUM,  Omotarichos. 

SALSAPAR1LLA  GERMAN1CA,  Sarsapa- 
rilla  Germanica. 

SALSEDO  MUCRUM,  Potassa;  nitras. 

SALSEPAREILLE,  Smilax  sarsaparilla — s. 
d'Alkniagne.  Sarsaparilla  Germanica. 

SALS1LAGO,  Muria. 

SALSO'LA  KALI,  Prichhj  Saltwort,  Kalispi- 
no'sam  cochlea' turn,  Tragus  si  ve  Tragum  Matlhi'- 
oli.  This  plant,  as  well  as  the  Salsola  sati'va, 
and  the  Salsola  soda,  produces  the  alkaline  salt, 
commonly  called  Barilla,  Soda,  or  Kelp. 

Salsola  Sativa,  &c,  see  Soda. 

SALSUGINOSUS,  Halmyrodes. 

SALT,  Sal,  Hal,  Hals,  'aXg,  (F.J  Sel.  A  name 
formerly  given  to  a  considerable  number  of  sub- 
stances of  very  different  nature.  At  present, 
chymists  apply  the  term  Suits  exclusively  to 
the  combinations  of  an  acid  with  one  or  more 
bases.  Neutral  salts  are  those  in  which  the  acid 
and  base  reciprocally  saturate  each  other.  Acid 
salts  or  super  salts,  (F.)  Sur-sels,  are  those,  in 
which  the  acid  predominates  over  the  base. 
Alkaline  suits  or  subsalts,  (F.)  Sous-sels,  those  in 
which  the  base  is,  on  the  contrary,  predominant. 
The  different  denominations  of  the  salts  are 
compounded,  1.  Of  the  name  of  the  acid;  the 
termination  of  which  is  changed  into  ile,  when 
the  name  of  the  acid  is  in  ous,- — ate,  when  it  is 
in  ic.  Thus  the  salts  formed  by  the  sulphurous 
acid  are  sulphites:  those  by  the  sulphuric,  sul- 
phates.   2.  This  name  is  followed  up  by  that 


of  the  oxyd,  that  enters  into  the  composition  of 
the  salt.  Thus,  the  sulphate  of  protoxyd  of  iron 
is  a  combination  of  sulphuric  acid  with  the 
protoxyd  of  that  metal.  Frequently,  to  shorten 
the  name,  the  word  oxyd  is  suppressed;  and 
proto,  deuto,  trito,  &c.  put  before  the  acid: — 
as  protosulphate  of  iron.  Simple  salts  are  those 
resulting  from  the  combination  of  an  acid  with 
a  single  base:  double  suits  with  two  different 
bases:  triple,  with  three,  &.c.  A  haloid  salt  is 
one  constituted  after  the  type  of  common  salt, 
or  which  contains  a  metal  and  a  suit-radical,  as 
chlorine,  iodine,  &c.  An  oxysalt  is  formed 
from  the  combination  of  an  acid  with  an  oxide. 

When  salt  is  used  in  an  abstract  sense,  it 
means  the  chloride  of  sodium. 

Salt  Aperient,  of  Frederick,  Soda,  sul- 
phate of — s.  Baker's,  Ammonia  carbonas — s.  of 
Barilla,  Soda,  subcarbonate  of — s.  Bay,  Soda, 
muriate  of — s.  Bitter  purging,  Magnesia;  sul- 
phas— s.  Common,  Soda,  muriate  of — s.  Epsom, 
Magnesias  sulphas — s.  Glauber's,  Soda,  sulphate 
of — s.  Glauber's,  Ly  mington,  see  Soda,  sulphate 
of — s.  Rochelle,  Soda,  tartrate  of— s.  Rock,  Soda, 
muriate  of — s.  Sea,  Soda,  muriate  of — s.  Seig- 
nette's,  Soda,  tartrate  of — s.  Smelling,  Ammo- 
nia carbonas— s.  of  Soda,  Soda,  subcarbonate  of 
— s.  Sorethroat,  Potass®  nitras  fusus  sulphatis 
paucillo  mixtus — s.  of  Tarter,  see  Potassae  sub- 
carbonas  and  Potash — s.  Tasteless  purging, 
Soda,  phosphate  of — s.  of  Urine,  Ammonia?  car- 
bonas— s.  White,  Soda,  muriate  of— s.  of  Wood- 
soot,  Ammonias  carbonas — s.  of  Wormwood,  see 
Potash — s.  Secondary,  Neutral  salt. 

SALTANS  ROSA,  Urticaria. 

SALTATIO,  Dancing— s.  Sancti  Viti,  Chorea. 

SALTERTON.  A  village,  about  four  miles  to 
the  eastward  of  Exmoutb,  England,  frequented 
as  a  winter  abode  by  invalids.  It  is  in  a  small, 
open  valley  on  the  sea-shore,  and  is  well  pro- 
tected from  winds,  particularly  the  northerly. 

SALTPETRE,  Potassaa  nitras. 

SALTUS,  Vulva,  Lean. 

SALTWORT,  PRICKLY.  Salsola  kali. 

SALUBRIS,  Salutary. 

SALU'BRITY,  Salu'brilas,  (F.)  Salubrite, 
from  salus,  '  health.'  Any  thing  which  contri- 
butes to  the  health  of  individuals  or  of  commu- 
nities. Situations  differ  materially  from  each 
other  in  this  respect;  and  the  cause  of  the  dif- 
ference is  often  an  interesting  topic  of  inquiry. 

SAL'UTARY,  Peries'ticos,  Sahda'ris,  Salu- 
bris,  Hygici'nos.  Same  etymon.  That  which 
is  favourable  to  health.  Some  diseases  have 
been  considered  salutary;  but  this  is  doubtful. 

SALVATEL'LA.  Same  etymon  (?)  Vena 
Sahatel'la  is  situate  on  the  back  of  the  hand, 
near  its  inner  margin.  It  begins  on  the  poste- 
rior surface  of  the  fingers  and  dorsal  surface  of 
the  hand,  by  a  plexus,  formed  of  a  number  of 
radicles,  frequently  anastomosing  with  each 
other;  it  then  ascends  to  the  inner  part  of  the 
forearm,  where  it  takes  the  name — posterior  cu- 
bital. The  ancients  recommended  this  vein  to 
be  opened  in  certain  diseases,  as  in  melancholic 
and  hypochondriacal  affections;  and  they  attri- 
buted to  such  abstraction  of  blood  considerable 
efficacy  in  the  cure  of  disease:  hence  its  name. 

SALVE,  BLISTERING,  Unguentum  Jyttae 
— s.  Eye,  Unguentum  oxidi  zinci  impuri — s. 
Eye,  Singleton's,  Unguentum  hydrargyri  nitri- 
co-oxydi — s.  Healing,  Cerate  of  calamine. 

SAL/VIA,  S.  qfficina'lis,  S.  hortcn'sis,  Eldis'- 


SALVIA  HORMINUM 


C65 


SAN1CULA 


phacos,  (F.)  Suuge,  The  de  France.  Family, 
Labintae.  Sex.  Syst.  Diandria  Monogynia.  Sage 
has  a  peculiar,  aromatic  odour,  and  a  warm 
aromatic,  bitterish  taste.  Its  virtues  depend 
upon  an  essential  oil.  It  is  tonic,  stimulant, 
and  carminative.  In  the  form  of  a  weak  in- 
fusion, it  is  occasionally  used  as  a  diluent,  and 
as  a  wash  for  sore  mouth.  Dose,  gr.  xv  to  xxx 
or  more. 

Salvia  Horminum,  or  Horminum,  (F.)  Sauge- 
hormin,  of  the  Pharmacopoeias,  is  used  in  simi- 
lar cases. 

Salvia  Hortensis,  Salvia — s.  Officinalis, 
Salvia. 

Salvia  Scla'rea,  Sclarea,  Gallit'richurn, 
JEthio'pis,  Bise^mas,  Colus  Jovis,  Common  Cla- 
ry, (F.)  Orvale  ou  Toutebonne.  The  leaves  have 
been  recommended  as  corroborants  and  anti- 
spasmodics. 

Salvia  Vitje,  Asplenium  ruta  muraria. 

SAMBU'CUS,  Sambucus  nigra,  S.  vulga'ris, 
S.  arbo'rca,  Acts,  Infelix  lignum,-  the  Elder,  (F.) 
Sureau  commun.  Family,  Caprifoliaceae.  Sex. 
Syst.  Pentandria  Digynia  (The  flower  and  bark 
were  formerly  called  Cano'pum.)  The  flowers, 
berries,  and  bark  of  the  elder  have  been  used 
in  medicine.  The  flowers  have  been  reputed 
diaphoretic  and  discutient:  the  berries,  aperient 
and  sudorific :  the  bark,  purgative,  and,  in  small 
doses, deobstruent.  The  flowers  are  sometimes 
used  in  fomentations,  and  to  form  a  cooling 
ointment. 

Sambucus  Areorea,  Sambucus — s.  Chama> 
acte,  S.  ebulus. 

Sambucus  Eb'ulus, Ebulus,  Chamseac'tS,  Od'- 
ocos,  Sambucus  C/iamseac'te  seu  He'lion,  Sambu- 
cus hu'milis,  S.  herba'cea,  Dwarf-elder,  Dane- 
wort,  (F.)  Hieble.  The  root,  interior  bark, 
leaves,  flowers,  berries,  (Bacca  seu  Grana 
Actes.)  and  seeds  have  all  been  given  in  mode- 
rate doses  as  resolvents  and  deobstruents;  and 
in  large  doses,  as  hydragogues.  The  berries  of 
Sambucus  Canadensis,  the  Common  Elder  of 
America,  are  made  officinal  in  the  American 
Pharmacopoeia. 

Sambucus  Helion,  Sambucus  ebulus— s. 
Herbacea,  S.  ebulus— s.  Humilis,  S.  ebulus— s. 
Nigra,  Sambucus — s.  Vulgaris,  Sambucus. 

SAMI  TERRA,  Samian  Earth.  An  argilla- 
ceous earth,  found  in  the  island  of  Samos, 
to  which  were  ascribed  virtues  similar  to  those 
of  the  Terra  Lemnii.— Galen,  Dioscorides. 
1  SAMIUS  LAPIS.  A  stone  found  in  the  Isle 
of  Samos,  which  the  ancients  believed  to  be 
astringent  and  refrigerant. 

SAMPHIRE,  Crithmum  maritimum. 

SAMPSUCHUS,  Thymus  mastichina. 

SAMPSUCUS,  Origanum  majorana. 

SAMPSYCHLNON,  Sampsu'chinum.  An 
ointment  composed  of  oujuxpvxcv ;  which  was 
perhaps  marjoram. — Dioscorides. 

SANABILIS,  Curable. 

SANAMUNDA,  Geum  urbanum. 

SANATIO,  Curation,Cure. 

SANATIVE,  Curative. 

SAN  GIULIANO,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  At  the  foot  of  the  mountain  San  Giuli- 
ano,  a  league  and  a  half  from  Pisa,  are  several 
mineral  springs;  temperature  from  84°  to  107o 
Fahr.  .  . 

The  spring  Pozzetto  contains  carbonic  acid, 
sulphate  of  s'oda,  lime,  and  magnesia;  chlorides 
43 


of  sodium  and  magnesium  ;  carbonates  of  lime 
and  maonesia;  argil  and  silica. — Santi. 

SAN'DARAC,  Sandara'cha,  Gum  Ju'niper, 
Gum  Sa?idarach,  Pounce,  Gummi  Junip'eri,  San- 
dara'ca,  Vernix  sicca,  Resi'na  Juniperi.  A  name 
given,  by  the  Arabs,  to  an  odorous  resin,  that 
flows  from  the  Thuya  aphyl'la.  Family,  Coni- 
fera.  Sex.  Syst.  Moncecia*  Monadelphia.  It  is 
stimulant,  like  all  the  resins;  but  is  very  little 
used. 

SANDARACHA  GRiECORUM,  Realgar. 

SANDERS,  RED,  Pterocarpus  santalinus. 

SANDIVER,  see  Vitrum. 

SAJ\G,  Blood—  s.  Arteriel,  Arterial  blood— s. 
Dragon,  Rumex  sanguineus — s.  Dragon,  see 
Calamus  rotans— -s.  Globules  du,  Globules  of 
the  blood — s.  Perte  de,  Heemorrhagia. 

SjINGLOT,  Sob. 

SrfNGSUE,  Hirudo. 

SANGU1DUCTUS  DVRJE  MATRIS,  Si- 
nuses of  the  dura  mater. 

SANGUIFICATIO,  Hsematosis. 

SANGUIFLUXUS,  Htemorrhagia— s.  Ute- 
rinus,  Metrorrhagia. 

SJJYGUIIW  (Vuisseau)  Bloodvessel. 

SANGU1NALIS  CORRIGIOLA,  Polygo- 
num avioulare. 

SANGUINA'RIA.  S.  Canadensis,  Blood-root, 
Bloodwort,  Puccoon,  Red  Puccoon,  Red  Root, 
Indian  Paint,  Tur'meric.  Nat.  Ord.  Papave- 
racese.  Sex.  Syst.  Polyandria  Monogynia.  A 
North  American  plant,  the  rhizoma  and  seeds 
of  which  are  used  in  medicine.  They  are 
emetic.  Dose  of  the  powder,  8  to  20  grains. 
They  are  said  to  reduce  the  velocity  of  the 
pulse,  like  the  digitalis. 

SANGUINE,  Sanguineus,  Hxmat'icus,  Hx- 
mato'des;  (F.)  Sanguin.  Relating  to,  or  con- 
taining blood, — as  'sanguine  temperament' 
(q.  V.) 

SANGUINEA,  Potass®  nitras. 

SANGUINEUS,  Sanguine. 

SANGUINIS  MISSIO,  Blood-letting-s.  Pro- 
fluvium  copiosum,  Hsemorrhagia. 

SANGUIN'OLENT,  Sanguinolen'tvs,  from 
sanguis,  'blood.'  That  which  is  tinged  with 
blood.  An  epithet  applied,  particularly,  to  the 
sputa  when  so  tinged. 

SANGUIPUR'GIUM,  from  sanguis,  '  blood," 
and  purgare,  '  to  cleanse.'  Purgation  of  the 
blood.  A  name  given  by  some  authors  to  mild 
fevers;  from  an  idea  that  they  purged  the  blood 
of  noxious  matters. 

SANGUIS,  Blood,  Sperm—  s.  Draconis,  see 
Calamus  rotang — s.  Hirci  siccatus,  see  Blood. 

SANGUISOR'BA  OFFICINALIS.  The 
Italian  Pim'pinel,  Pimpinel'la  Ital'ica.  (F.)  Pim- 
prene/le  noire.  It  was  formerly,  used  as  an 
astringent  and  tonic,  in  hemorrhages,  dysen- 
tery, &c. 

SANGUISUGA,  Hirudo. 

SANGUISU'GUM.  A  barbarous  term,  to 
denote  too  great  an  accumulation  of  blood  in 
the  heart. — Bonetus. 

SANICLE,  Sanicula— s.  American,  lienehe- 
ra  cortusa— s.  Yorkshire,  Pinguicola  vulgaris. 

SANICULA,  S.Europai'a,  CuculUt'ta.  Dode- 
ca'thcon,  Sym'phytum  pctrm'um,  Sanic'ula  mm, 
Diapcn'sia  cortu'sa,  San'icle,  (F)  TovU-snine. 
Family,  Umbellifera.  Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria  Di- 
gynia. This  herb  was  formerly  used  as  a 
mild  astringent.  It  is  bitterish,  and  somewhat 
austere. 


SANICULA 


66G 


SAPO 


S.VN"icui.A,Saxifraga  granula — s.  Eboracensis, 
Pinguicola  vulgaris— s.  Europica,  Sanicuh — s. 
Montana,  Pinguicola  vulgaris. 

SAISIDO'DES,  Sanio'des,  'resembling  a 
board,'  from  name,  gen  ruvidoc,  'a  board,'  and 
ttdoc,  'resemblance.'  One  whose  thorax  is  nar- 
row, and.  as  it  were,  contracted. 

SAME,  Sanies. 

SANIES,  Ichor,  (q.  v.)  Tubum,  Virus,  Pus 
malignum,  P.  corrosi'vum,  (F.)  Sank.  A  thin, 
serous  fluid,  presenting  some  of  the  qualities  of 
pus  and  blood,  and  commonly  exhaled  at  the 
Burface  of  ulcers. 

SANIODES,  Sanidodes. 

SjUVITAIIIE  (F.)  That  which  relates  to  the 
health — as  ilablissemcnt  sanitaire,-  police  said- 
taire. 

SANITARIUM,  Sanalo'riuni;  from  sanitas, 
'  health.'  A  retreat  selected  for  valetudinarians, 
in  consequence  of  its  salubrity.  Also,  an  esta- 
blishment for  the  treatment  of  the  sick. 

SANTTAS,  Hygiei'a,  Valetu'do,  Hygel'a,  Eu- 
zoodijna' ruin,  Health,  (F.)  Sante,  from  sanus, 
'  sound.'  Health  has  been  defined, — a  state,  in 
which  all  the  functions  are  exerted  with  regu- 
larity and  harmony.  A  person  may,  however, 
be  in  health,  although  certain  functions  are  not 
performed.  A  blind  man,  for  example,  has 
health  when  all  his  functions,  except  sight, 
proceed  with  regularity. 

Sanitas,  Cure. 

SANKIRA,  Smilax  China. 

SANS  PAIRE,  {Veine,)  Azygos  vein. 

SANTA  CRUZ,  (CLIMATE  OE.)  This 
West  India  Island  is  frequently  selected  as  a 
winter  retreat  for  the  phthisical  valetudinarian 
from  the  United  States;  but  it  does  not  seem 
entitled  to  any  preference,  in  such  cases,  over 
the  other  islands  of  the  West  Indies,  (q.  v.) 
whilst  its  general  salubrity  is  said  to  be  less 
than  that  of  many. 

SAKTAL,  Santalurn  album. 

SAN'TALUM  ALBUM,  S.  cil'rinum,  S.  pal'- 
lidum,  Yellow  Saunders,  Sir' turn  myrtifo'lium, 
(F.)  Stinttil,  Sex.  Syst.  Tetrandria  Monogynia. 
The  virtues  of  the  wood  of  the  white  saunders 
reside  in  a  volatile  oil  and  resinous  principle. 
The  odour  is  fragrant,  and  resembles  a  mixture 
of  ambergris  and  roses.  It  has  been  used  as  a 
stimulant  and  sudorific,  but  it  is  not  now  em- 
ployed. The  saunders  woods  are  called,  col- 
lect! >  ely,  in  French,  Suntaax. 

Santai.um  Rubrum.   Pterocarpus  santalinus. 

SANT£.  Sanitas. 

SANTONICUM.  Artemisia  santonicum. 

SANTORI'Nl,  FISSURES  OF,  (F.)  Incisures 
ou  Scissures  de  Santorini.  Some  clefts  at  the 
upper  and  back  part  of  the  fibrocartilaginous 
portion  of   he  external  ear. 

Santor.  i,  Tu'bercles  of.  Small  cartilagi- 
nous pr;  j  ■  ions  at  the  top  of  the  arytenoid  car- 
tilages, Wiiich  support  the  ligaments  of  the 
glottis 

SA.YVE,  Sinapis. 

SAPA.see  Rob. 

SAPHA'DA.  Paracelsus  has  given  this  name 
to  reddish  scales  adherent  to  the  hair  in  some 
eruptions  of  the  hairy  scalp. 

SAPHE'NA,  from  OKpije,  'manifest,'  'evi- 
dent,' (F.)  Saplibie.  A  name  given  to  two 
subcutaneous  veins  of  the  lower  limb.  These 
are;  1.  The  Great  Saphena  Vein,  or  Saphena 
interna,    Ttbio  malleolar,    (Ch  ,)    (F.)    Grandd 


Veine  Saphene  ou  Saphene  interne.  lis  ra-diclM 
occupy  the  inner  part  of  the  great  toe,  and  form 
a  transverse  arch  on  the  back  of  the  foot,  which 
unites  with  the  saphena  externa,  and  receives 
at  its  convex  part,  which  is  turned  forwards,  a 
number  of  branches  coming  from  the  toes. 
These  radicles,  when  united,  ascend  before  the 
inner  ankle,  and  form  a  trunk,  the  size  of  which 
is  farther  increased  by  several  branches  that  pro- 
ceed from  the  region  of  the  tarsus  and  that  of 
the  metatarsus.  This  trunk  ascends  vertically 
at  the  inner  part  of  the  leg;  passes  behind  the 
inner  condyle  of  the  femur;  proceeds  along  the 
inner  part  of  the  thigh;  receives  other  subcuta- 
neous veins,  such  as  the  abdbminal  subcutane- 
ous, the  external  pudic,  &c,  and  passes  through 
the  inferior  opening  of  the  crural  canal  to  empty 
itself  into  the  femoral  vein.  2  The  Lessbb 
Vena  Saphena,  or  Saphena  externa;  the  Pe.ro- 
neo-malleolar  Vein  of  Chaussier  (F  )  Petite  Veine 
Saphene  ou  Saphene  externe,  commences  by 
several  roots,  which  are  spread  over  the  dorsum 
and  outer  side  of  the  foot,  and  embrace  the 
outer  ankle.  Behind  this,  they  unite  into  a  sin- 
gle-trunk, which  ascends  obliquely,  approach- 
ing the  tendo  Acbillis,  and  proceeds  vertically 
towards  the  ham  to  open  into  the  popliteal  vein. 

SAPHENE,  Saphena. 

SAPIDITY,  (F.)  Sapidite,  Sapor,  from  sa- 
pere,  '  to  taste.'  The  quality  of  bodies  that 
gives  them  taste. 

SrfPW  COMMUN,  Pinus  picea. 

SAPIN'DUS  SAPONA'RIA,  Snap  Tree,  (F.) 
Savonnier  conunun.  The  name  of  the  plant  that 
affords  the  Soup  nuts,  Sapona'ria  Nu'cutz.  Bac- 
cxBermuden'ses, Soap-berries.  A  spherical  fruit 
about  the  size  of  a  cherry,  the  cortical  part  of 
which  is  yellow,  glossy,  and  so  transparent  as 
to  show  the  spherical,  black  nut  that  rattles 
within,  and  includes  a  white  kernel.  The  cor- 
tical part  of  this  fruit,  which  has  similar  effects 
with  soap  in  washing,  has  been  recommended 
in  chlorosis,  and  as  a  stomachic  and  deobstruent. 

SAPO,  Soap,  Sax.  rape,  Smegma,  (F.)  Sa- 
von.  A  product  obtained  by  treating  fatty  bo- 
dies with  caustic  alkalies  dissolved  in  water. 
In  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States,  it 
means  Soap  made  with  soda  and  olive  oil. 

Sapo  Ammoniac  A  lis,  Linimentum  ammonia; 
fortius — s.  Ammonias  oleaceus,  Linimentum  am- 
monies  fortius — s.  Calcarius,  Linimentum  aqus 
calcis — s.  Kalicus,  S.  mollis — s.  Niger,  S.  mollis 
— s.  Vegetabilis,  Pulvis  gummosus  alkalinus — 
s.  Viridis,  S.  mollis. 

Acid  Soap  is  a  combination  of  a  fixed  oil  with 
an  acid. 

Black  Soap,  Melanosmeg'ma,  is  a  composi- 
tion of  train-oil  and  an  alkali :  and  Green  Soap, 
of  hemp  seed,  linseed,  or  rape  oil  with  an  alkali. 

Soap  of  Cocoa  Nut  Oil,  Sapo  coco'neus,  S. 
cacaoti'nus,  (F.)  Savon  de  cacoa,  has  been  much 
used  in  Germany  in  herpetic  affections. 

Common  or  Soft  Soap,  Sapo  mollis,  S.  rir'idis, 
S.  nigcr,  S.  ha'licus,  (F.)  Savon  mou,  Suron  voir, 
is  made  of  potass  and  oil  or  tallow.  The  Sapo 
vulgaris  or  'common  soap'  of  the  Pharm.  U.S. 
is  made  with  soda  and  animal  oil. 

Liquid  Soap,  Lotio  sapona'cea,  is  a  cosmetic 

which  is  composed  of  olive  oil  §iv,  ol    tarlari 

per  dcliqwum  3SS.     Rub  together,  and  add  aquas 

rosarum  3*ij. 

I      Medic"inal  Soap,  Sapo  amygdali'nvs,  (F.) 


SAPO 


667 


SARCOMA 


Savon   medicinal,  is   made   with    oil    of  sweet  I  ride  of  sodium,  carbonate  of  magnesia,  and  io- 
a'imonds  and  half  its  weight  of  caustic  alkali.        dide  of  sodium 


Spanish  or  Castile  Soap,  Sapo  durus,  (F.) 
Savon  dur,  of  olive  oil  and  soda. 

Yellow  Soap  is  formed  of  turpentine,  oil, 
and  alkali. 

Castile  Soap,  being  made  of  fine  olive  oil,  is 
generally  used  internally.  The  yellow  and  soft 
soaps  are  the  most  stimulating;  and  are,  conse- 
quently, best  adapted  for  particular  cutaneous 
eruptions. 

Internally,  soap  is  purgative  and  diuretic; 
externally,  it  is  detergent  and  stimulant.  Soapy 
water  is  used  with  the  greatest  success,  in  cases 
of  poisoning  by  acids.  It  is  mostly  applied  ex- 
ternally to  bruises  and  sprains.  In  Pharmacy, 
it  is  used  to  favour  the  solution  of  resins. 
SAPOJYJIRE,  Saponaria. 
SAPON  A'RIA,  Soap-wort,  Bruise-wort,  Stru'- 
tliinm,  Lana'ria,  Lychnis  sytves'tris,  Ibix'uma, 
(F.)  Saponaire.  Family,  Caryophyllea?.  Sex. 
Syst.  Decandria  Digynia.  A  decoction  of  the 
leaves  of  this  plant  has  been  recommended  in 
scrofula,  cancer,  old  syphilis,  cutaneous  erup- 
tions, jaundice,  visceral  obstructions,  &c.  It 
is  hardly  ever  used. 

Saponahi^e  NucuLjE,  see  Sapindus  saponaria. 
SAPO'NEA.     A  pectoral  medicine,  prepared 
witii  sweetened    syrup  of  violets,  and   oil  of 
sweet  almonds. 

SAPON  ULES,  Sapon'ula,  (F.)  Savonuks. 
Combinations  of  volatile  or  essential  oils  with 
different  bases. 

Acid  Saponules,  are  combinations  of  such 
oils  with  different  acids. 
SAPOR.  Sapidity,  Savour. 
SAPO'TA,  jJcras  Sapota,  Oval-fruited  Sapota, 
(F.)  Sapoticr,  Sapotillier.     Sex.  Syst.  Hexandria 
Digynia.     A  tree  which  grows  in  the  Antilles, 
and  particularly  at  Saint  Domingo.    Its  fruit  is 
much  esteemed.     It  resembles  the  marmalade 
of  quinces;  and  hence  has  been  called  natural 
marmalade.      The    seeds    make    an  emulsion, 
which  has  been  given  in  nephritic  affections. 
The  bark  has  been  recommended  as  a  febrifuge. 
S.1POTIER,  Sapota. 
SAPOTILLIER.  Sapota. 
SAPROPYRA,  Tvphus  gravior. 
SAPROS,  Putrid,  Rancid. 
SAPR.OSTOMUS,  from  outtqo?,  'foul,  of  a 
bad  odour,'  and  oxn^iu, '  mouth.'     One  who  has 
an  offensive  breath. 

SAR'APUS,  Sarupuus.  One  who  has  a  large 
foot;  whose  toes  are  largely  separated,  or 
whose  feet  are  much  asunder  in  walking;  from 
oatuu),  '  I  grin,'  and  tious,  '  the  foot.'  See  Kyl- 
losis. 

SARATO'GA,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
The  Saratoga  springs  in  New  York  are  ten 
miles  northeast  from  Ballston.  They  contain 
the  same  ingredients  as  those  of  the  latter 
place;  and  are  much  frequented  by  visiters 
from  every  part  of  the   United   Stales 


SARCI'NA  VENTR1CULI.    A  microscopic 
cryptogamous  plant  found  in  the  fluid  of  water- 
bra*h. 
SARCION,  Caruncle. 

SAR.CITES,  Anasarca — s.  Flatuosus,  Em- 
physema. 

SARCOCE'LE,  Hernia  carno'sa,  Schirrus 
Testic'uli,  from  <r*o$,  'flesh,'  and  y.rthi,  a  'tu- 
mour;' Sarco'ma  scroti,  (F.)  Hemic  charnue. 
Scirrhus  or  cancer  of  the  testicle.  This  dis- 
ease affects  adults  particularly;  and  appears, 
most  commonly,  after  an  inflammatory  swell- 
ing of  the  testicle.  Sometimes  it  is  dependent 
upon  a  blow;  at  others,  it  makes  its  appearance 
without  any  appreciable  cause.  It  is  well 
known  by  a  hard,  heavy,  ovoid  or  spherical 
swelling  of  the  testicle,  which  is,  at  first,  slight- 
ly, or  not  at  all  painful,  and  merely  causes  an 
unpleasant  traction  on  the  spermatic  cord. 
There  is  no  heat  or  change  of  colour  of  the 
skin;  the  spermatic  cord  is  swollen,  and  parti- 
cipates in  the  affection;  very  painful  shootings 
occur:  the  lymphatic  glands  of  the  abdomen 
become  swollen,  and  form  a  tumour,  which  may, 
at  times,  be  felt  through  the  abdomen;  and  the 
patient,  at  length,  dies  with  every  sign  of  the 
cancerous  diathesis.  The  prognosis  is  very  un- 
favourable. The  only  means,  indeed,  that  can 
save  life  is  the  extirpation  of  the  testicle. 

SARCOCOL'LA,  (F.)  Colle-chair, from  flag?, 
'flesh,'  and  y.oXXct,  'glue.'  A  resinous  matter, 
— obtained  from  Penas'a  Sarcocol'la,  P.  mucro- 
na'ta,  and  other  species  of  Penaa.  An  Afri- 
can shrub,  which  has  been  so  called  from  a  belief 
that  it  facilitates  the  consolidation  of  flesh.  It 
is  in  the  form  of  small,  oblong,  semitransparent 
globules;  of  a  yellowish  or  reddish  blue,  and 
smells  like  aniseed.  It  was  once  employed  as 
an  astringent  and  detergent. 

SARCO-EPIPLOCE'LE.  from  oaq*,  'flesh,' 
cninXoov,  '  the  epiploon,'  and  xtjXtj,  '  a  tumour.' 
Epiplocele,  complicated  with  sarcoma  or  sarco- 
cele. 

SARCO  EPIPLOM'PHALUS;  from  <fao$, 
'  flesh,'  tnmXoov,  '  the  epiploon,'  and  ouipaXos, 
'the  navel.'  Umbilical  hernia,  formed  by  scir- 
rhous epiploon  or  complicated  with  sarcoma. 

SA R.CO-H YDROCELE,  Hydro-sarcocele. 

SARCO DES,  Carneous. 

SARCOLEM'MA,  Sarcole'ma,  from  <t*q%, 
'  flesh,'  and  Kipua,  'a  coat.'  The  sheath  which 
surrounds  the  fibrils  of  muscle  that  form  a 
fibre.  It  is  quite  distinct  from  the  cellular  mem- 
brane that  binds  the  fibres  into  fasciculi.— Bow- 
man.    See  Perimysium. 

SARCOLOGIA,  Myology. 

SARCOL'OGY,     Sarcolog"ia,     from     <ra?£, 
flesh,'  and  Xoyog,  'a  discourse.'     The  part  of 


anatomy  which  treats  of  the  soft  parts.  It  com- 
The  I  prises  myology,  angiology,  neurology,  and 
following  "analysis  has  been  ffiven  of  the  Con-  splanchnology. 
gress  spriria- ;  In  a  wine  gallon — gaseous  con-\  SARCO'MA,  Emphy' ma  Sarcoma,  Sarcom'a- 
tenls:  carbonic  acid,  311  cubic  inches;  atmo-  \lous  tumour,  Sarco' sis,  Porr us,  Sarcophyia,  Ee- 
spheric  air,  7.  Solid  contents.  Chloride  of  so-  \  sarco' ma,  Exsarco'rna,  Tumor  car'neus,  Excres- 
dium,  gr.  385;  iodide  of  sodium,  gr.3.5;  bicar-  Wen'tia  carno'sa,  from  <raoi,  'flesh.'  Any  spe- 
bonate  of  soda.  gr.  8.98:2;  bicarbonate  of  magne-  cies  of  excrescence  having  a  fleshy  consistence, 
sia,  95.788:  carbonate  of'li me,  98  098;  carbonate  Common  Vascular  or  Organized  Sarcoma 
of  iron  5.075;  silica,  1.5;  bromide  of  potassium,  J  of  Abernethy,  Emphy' ma  Sarcoma  Vasculo'sum, 
a  trace'.     Total  gr   597.943. —  Steel.  is  vascular  throughout;   texture  simple:   when 

The  Walton  or  Iodine  spr'ng  contains  chlo-  i  bulky,  mapped  on  the  surface  with  arborescent 


SARCOMA  CERCOSIS 


6G8 


SAVONMER  COMMUJV 


veins.  Found  over  the  body  and  limbs  gene- 
rally. 

Sarcoma  Cercosis,  see  Cercosis — s.  Epulis, 
Epulis — s.  Mastoid,  Mammary  sarcoma — s.  Me- 
dullare,  see  Encephaloid — s.  Medullary,  Hcema- 
todes  fungus — s.  Pulpy,  Hamiatodes  fungus — s. 
Scroti,  Sarcocele. 

SARCOMATEUX,  Sarcomatous. 

SARCOMATODES,  Sarcomatous. 

SARCOMATOSUS,  Sarcomatous. 

SARCOMATOUS,  Sarcomato'svs,  Sarcoma- 
tc'dcs,  (F.)  Sarcomateux.  Belonging  to,  or 
having  the  characters  of  sarcoma. 

SAliCOM'PHALUS,  from  tragi,  '  flesh,'  and 
oficpalos,  '  the  navel.'  A  scirrhous  or  fleshy  tu- 
'inour,  developed  at  the  navel. 

SARCOPHAGUS.  Carnivorus,  Catheretic. 

SARCOPHYIA,  Excrescence,  Sarcoma. 

SARCOBTE,  Acarus. 

SARCOPTES  SCABIEI,  see  Psora. 

SARCOPYO'DES,  from  oaqi,,  '  flesh,'  nvov, 
'pus,'  and  tidog,  'resemblance.'  Having  the 
appearance  of  pus  mixed  with  flesh.  An  epi- 
thet given  to  certain  excreted  matters,  and  par- 
ticularly to  the  sputa  of  those  labouring  under 
consumption. 

SARCO'SIS,  from  ouq%,  '  flesh.'  The  forma- 
tion of  flesh.     Also,  Sarcoma,  (q.  v.) 

SARCOSTOSIS,  Osteosarcoma. 

SARCOTICUS,  lncarnans. 

SARCOUS,  from  <rag£,  'flesh.'  Of,  or  be- 
longing to,  flesh  or  muscles  —  as  '  sarcous  tis- 
sue.'    Todd  and  Bowman. 

SARDIAS1S,  Canine  laugh,  Risus  sardonicus. 

SARDONIASIS,  Canine  laugh,  Risus  sardoni- 

SARE,  Essera. 

SARRASIN,  Polygonum  fagopyrum. 

SARR&TE,  Trismus  Infantum. 

SARRlkTE,  Satureia  Hortensis— s.  de  Crete, 
Satureia  capitata. 

SARSA.  Smilax  sarsaparilla. 

SARSAPARILLA,  Smilax  S.— s.  False,  Ara- 
lia  nudicaulis. 

Sarsaparil'la  German'ica,  Gramen  major, 
G.  rubrum,  Salsaparil' la  Germanica,  Carex  Are- 
na'ria,  (F.)  Laiche,  L.  des  Sables,  Salsepareille 
dAllemagne.  Family,  Cyperoideffi.  Sex.  Syst. 
Moncecia  Triandria.  A  plant,  which  grows 
plentifully  on  the  sea-coasts  of  Europe.  It  has 
been  recommended  in  some  mucous  affections 
of  the  trachea,  in  rheumatism,  gout,  &c. 

Sarsaparilla,  Indian,  Hemidesmus  Indicus. 

SARTO'RIUS,  from  Sartor,  '  a  tailor,'  be- 
cause used  in  crossing  the  legs.  Suto'rkis,  Lon- 
gis'simus  Fcm'oris,  fl'io-cresti-tibial,  Fascia' lis, 
Ilio-pretibial,  (Oh.)  (F.)  Couturier.  A  muscle, 
situate  at  the  anterior  part  of  the  thigh.  It  is 
long,  small,  and  flattened,  and  extends,  ob- 
liquely, from  the  anterior  and  superior  spine  of 
the  ilium  to  the  superior  and  inner  part  of  the 
tibia.  This  muscle  can,  also,  bend  the  pelvis 
on  the  thiffh,  and  conversely. 

SARX,  Flesh,  Pulp. 

J3ARZA,  Smilax  sarsaparilla. 

SASSAFRAS,  Laurus  sassafras — s.  Medulla, 
see  Laurus  Sassafras — s.  Radicis  Cortex,  see 
Laurus  Sassafras — s.  Swamp,  Magnolia  glauca. 

SAT'ELLITE,£a«e//es.  That  which  guards: 
— that  which  is  placed  near. 

Satellite  Veins  are  those  that  accompany 
the  arteries. 

SATHE,  Penis. 


SATIETAS,  Plesmone. 

SATI'ETY,  Sati'etas,  Satu'ritas,  Plethos,  Ples- 
mone, from  satiare,  itself  from  satis, '  enough,' 
'to  give  enough.'  Disgust  for  food;  commonly 
produced  by  repletion. 

SATIN,  Lunaria  rediviva. 

SATURA'TION,  Sutura'tio,  from  satis, 
'enough.'  That  state  of  a  compound  in  which 
its  elements  are  combined  in  such  proportions 
that  a  fresh  quantity  of  either  cannot  be  added 
without  producing  excess. 

SATUREI'A  HORTEN'SIS,Sfljuma,  S.  sa- 
ti'va,  Cuni'la  sativu  Plin'ii  Thymbra,  Summer 
Sa'vory,  (F.)  Sarriete.  Family,  Labiate.  Sex.  Syst, 
Didynarnia  Gymnospermia.  An  aromatic  plant, 
cultivated  for  culinary  purposes.  It  has  been  used 
as  an  excitant,  in  anorexia,  anaphrodisia,  &c. 

Satureia  Capita'ta,  Cil'iated  Sa'vory,  Thy 
mus,  Thymus  sylvcs'tris,  Thymus  Cret'icus,  Cu- 
nila,  (F.)  Sarriete  de  Crete.  Possesses  similar 
properties  to  thyme. 

SATUREIA  ORIGAN0IDES;Cunila  mariana 
— s.  Sativa,  S.  hortensis. 

SATURITAS,  Satiety. 

SATURNI  DULCEDO,Plumbisuperacetas. 

SATURNUS,  Plumbum. 

SATYRIASIS,  from  Zcctuqo?,  'a  Satyr;'  be- 
cause the  Satyrs  are  said  to  have  been  greatly 
addicted  to  venery.  Satyrias'mus,  Priapis'mus, 
Sa/ac'ilas,  Brachu'na,  Aras'con,  Satyriasis  fu- 
rens,  Lagne'sis  Salac"itas,  Lagncsis  furor  mas- 
culi'nus,  Tenti'go  vere'tri.  An  irresistible  desire, 
in  man,  to  have  frequent  connexion  with  fe- 
males, accompanied  with  the  power  of  doing  so 
without  exhaustion.  The  causes  are  commonly 
obscure.  Sometimes,  the  abuse  of  aphrodisiacs 
has  occasioned  it.  The  principal  symptoms  are: 
— almost  constant  erection  :  irresistible  and  al- 
most insatiable  desire  for  venery  ;  frequent  noc- 
turnal pollutions.  Cold  lotions;  the  cold  bath; 
a  mild  diet;  active  exercise,  &c,  are  the  only 
means  that  can  be  adopted  for  its  removal. 

SATYRIASIS  FURENS,  Satyriasis. 

SATYRIASMUS,  Satyriasis. 

SATYRION,  Orchis  mascula. 

SATYRIUM,  Goodyera  pubescens. 

SAUCE-ALONE,  Alliaria. 

SAUCE,  GREEN,  Rumex  scutatus. 

SAUER  KRAUT,  (G.)  '  Sour  Cabbage,'  (F) 
Chou-croute.  A  culinary  preparation,  made 
with  chopped  cabbage,  left  to  attain  an  incipient 
state  of  acetous  fermentation.  It  is  reputed  by 
the  Germans  to  be  salubrious,  easy  of  digestion, 
and  eminently  antiscorbutic. 

SAUGE,  Salvia — s.  des  Bois,  Tcucrium  scor- 
dium — s.  Hormin,  Salvia  horminum — s.  de  Je- 
rusalem, Pulmonaria. 

SAULE,  Salix. 

S3UMURE,  Muria. 

SAUNDERS  TREE,  Pterocarpus  santalinus 
— s.  Yellow,  Santalum  album. 

SAURA,  Lizard. 

SAUT,  Leap. 

SAVVE-VIE,  Asplenium  ruta  muraria. 

SAVEUR,  Savour. 

SAVIN  E,  .Tuniperus  sabina. 

SAVINIER,  Juniperus  sabina. 

SAVON,  Sapo — 5.  Ammoniacal,  Linimentum 
ammonia  fortius — s.  Cacao,  Sapo  coconeus — s. 
Calcaire,  Linimentum  aquae  calcis — s.  Dur,  Sapo 
durus — s.  Medicinal,  Sapo  medicinalis — s.  Mou, 
Sapo  mollis — s.  Noir,  Sapo  mollis. 

SA  VONWER  COJLU [/iV,Sapindussaponaria. 


SAVOXULE 


669 


SCALL 


SAVOJWLE,  Saponulus. 

SAVONULVS,  Saponulus. 

SAVOllY,  CILIATED,  Satureia  capitata— s. 
Summer,  Satureia  hortensis. 

SAVOUR,  Sopor,  Taste,  (F.)  Savcvr.  Quality 
of  bodies,  by  which  they  act  upon  the  sense  of 
taste.  The  taste  is  not  the  same  in  all  sapid 
bodies.     It  maybe  sweet,  bitter,  metallic. 

Chymists,  at  times,  avail  themselves  of  this 
quality  of  bodies  to  analyse  an  unknown  sub- 
stance. 

SAFOUREUX,  Savoury. 

SA'VOURY,  Sap'idus,  (F.)  Savoureux,  An 
epithet  given  to  bodies  that  have  taste;  and 
particularly  to  those  that  excite  a  very  agreea- 
ble impression  on  the  organ  of  taste. 

SAVOYAN,  Galium  verum. 

SAW, Prion, Serra,(Daja.)  Sawe,  (Sax.)  rasa, 
(F.)  Scie.  A  surgical  instrument,  made  like  a 
common  saw;  and  used  for  sawing  the  bones 
in  amputations,  or  for  removing  exostoses,  <&c. 
Saws,  of  different  sizes  and  shapes,  are  used  in 
surgery.  The  crown  of  the  trepan  is  nothing 
more  than  a  species  of  the  circular  saw. 

Saw,  Uey's.  An  instrument  used  by  Mr. 
Hey  of  Leeds  in  fractures  of  the  cranium.  It 
consists  of  a  long  handle,  to  which  a  small  saw 
with  a  convex,  or  straight  edge  is  attached ;  and 
by  which  a  piece  of  bone  of  any  shape  may  be 
removed:  with  the  trephine  it  must  always  be 
circular. 

SAW  PALMETTO,  Chamaerops  serratula— 
S.  Wort,  Liatris. 

SAXIFRAGA  ANGLICA,  Peucedanum  silaus. 

Saxif'raga  Crassifo'lia.  Family,  Saxifra- 
ges. Sex.  Syst.  Decandria  Digynia.  The  root 
of  this  species  of  Saxifrage  has  been  extolled 
by  Pallas,  as  pre-eminently  antiseptic. 

Saxifraga  Granula'ta,  S.  alba,  Sanic'ula, 
Sedum,  While  Saxifrage,  (F.)  Saxifrage granu- 
lee.  Recommended  as  diuretic  and  lithontrip- 
iic;  but  not  used. 

Saxifraga,  Pimpinella  saxifraga. 

Saxifraga  Rubra,  Spiraea  filipendula — s. 
Vulgaris,  Peucedanum  silaus. 

SAXIFRAGE,  BURNET,  Pimpinella  saxi- 
fraga— a.  Granitlcc,  Saxifraga  granulata — s. 
Meadow,  Peucedanum  silaus — s.  White,  Saxi- 
fraga  granulata. 

SAXTFRAGUS,  Lithontriptic. 

SAXON'ICUS  PULVIS.  A  powder,  pre- 
pared with  the  roots  of  the  wild  and  cultivated 
angelica;  the  asclepias  vincetoxicum,  &c.  It 
was  considered,  formerly,  as  an  antidote. — 
Fharm, 

SCAB,  from  Sca'bies,  and  scabcre,  'to  dig.' 
An  incrustation  which  forms  upon  a  sore, 
owing  to  the  concretion  of  the  fluid  discharged 
from  it.     An  eschar,  (q.  v.) 

Scabby  or  Scabbed;  covered  or  diseased 
with  scabs. 

SCABIES,  Psora— s.  Capitis,  Porrigo  lupi- 
nosa,  Porrigo  scutulata — s.  Capitis  favosa,  Por- 
rigo favosa — s.  Fera,  Ecthyma— s.  Ferina,  Pso- 
riasis— s.  Papuliformis,  Prurigo — s.  Sicca,  Li- 
chen— s.  Sicca,  Psoriasis — s.   Venerea  conlagi- 

SCABIEUSE  0RDLY.11RE,  Seabiosa. 
SCABIO'SA,  S.  Arven'sis.  Field  Scabious,  (F.) 

Sr/ibifi/se  ordinaire.  Family,  Dipsaceac.  Sex. 
Syst.  Tetrandria  Monogynia.  The  plant  is  bit- 
ter and  subastringent :  and  was  formerly  used  in 
the  cure  of  leprous  affections  and  diseased  lungs. 


Scabiosa.  Arvensis,  Scabiosjt — s.  Carduifolia, 
Echinops. 

Scabiosa  Succi'sa,  Succisa,  Morsus  Diab'oli. 
Devil's  bit,  (F.)  Mors  du  Diable,  has  similar  pro- 
perties. 

SCABIOUS,  Erigeron  Philadelphicum— s. 
Field,  Scabiosa— s.  Sweet,  Erigeron  heterophyl- 
lam. 

SCAB1SH,  CEnothera  biennis. 

SCABRITIES,  Lichen. 

SCALA,  'a  ladder.'  A  machine,  formerly- 
used  for  reducing  dislocations  of  the  humerus. 

ScALiE  of  the  Cochlea,  (F.)  Rantpcs  on 
Echclics  du  Limacon — called,  also,  Canals  and 
Gyri — are  the  cavities  in  the  cochlea,  separated 
from  each  other  by  the  spiral  septum.  The 
one — Scala  cxtcr'na,  S.  Tym'pani — would  com- 
municate with  the  cavitas  tympani  by  the  fenes- 
tra rotunda,  were  it  not  for  the  membrane  that 
closes  ifc  The  other— Scala  intcr'na,  S.  vestib'- 
uli — opens  into  the  cavity  of  the  vestibule. 
The  seals  communicate  with  each  other  by  an 
opening  at  the  top  of  the  partition. 

Scala  Tymtani,  see  Cochlea — s.  Vestibuli, 
see  Cochlea. 

SCALE,  Squama,  Lcpis,  (F.)  licailk.  An 
opake  and  thickened  lamina  of  cuticle;  com- 
monly  produced  by  some  degree  of  inflamma- 
tion of  the  true  skin,  over  which  it  is  formed. 

Scaly  Diseases  or  Squam.£,  Lepidu'ses,  form 
the  second  order  in  Willan  and  Bateman's  sys- 
tem of  cutaneous  diseases. 

Scale,  Dry,  Psoriasis. 

SCALENE  JlNTltRlEUR,  Scalenus  anticus 
— s.  Posterieur,  Scalenus  posticus. 

SCALE'NUS;  'irregular  or  unequal.'  Geo- 
meters employ  this  word  to  designate  a  triangle 
whose  three  sides  are  unequal.  Anatomists 
have  given  the  name  to  two  muscles.  1.  Sca- 
lenus Anti'cus,  Portion  of  the  Costo-trachclian, 
(Ch.)  (F.)  Scalene  anterieur,  is  situate  at  the 
lateral  and  inferior  parts  of  the  neck.  It  is 
long  and  triangular;  and  is  inserted,  below,  at 
the  upper  surface  of  the  first  rib;  and,  above, 
at  the  anterior  tubercle  of  the  transverse  pro- 
cesses of  the  3d,  4th,  5th,  and  6th  cervical  ver- 
tebra;. This  muscle  bends  the  neck,  and  draws 
it  to  its  side.  It  can,  also,  raise  the  first  rib. 
2.  Scalenus  Posti'cus,  Portion  of  the  Costc- 
tracfielian,  (Ch.,)  is  situate  behind  the  last,  (F.) 
Scalene  posterieur.  It  is,  also,  long  and  trian- 
gular; but  more  bulky  than  the  5.  anticus.  It 
is  attached,  below,  to  the  outer  surface  of  the 
first  two  ribs;  and  terminates,  above,  at  the 
summit  of  the  transverse  processes  of  the  last 
six  vertebra;  of.the  neck.  This  muscle  bends 
the  neck  laterally,  and  can  elevate  the  first  two 
ribs.  Some  anatomists,  as  Albinus  and  Som- 
mering,  have  described  five  scaleni  muscles  on 
each  side,  and  have  called  them,  Scalenus  prior, 
S.  min'imus,  S.  latera'lis,  S.  me' dins,  S.  posti'cus. 
Riolan  and  Chaussier  onjy  describe  one  scale- 
nus muscle  on  each  side.  Cowper  and  Doug- 
las, and  the  generality  of  English  anatomists, 
admit  three.  S.  anti'cus,  me'dius,  and  posti'cus; 
or  Primus,  secun'dus,  and  ter'tius; — Winslow, 
Boyer  and  many  of  the  French  anatomists, — 
two,  as  above  described. 

SCALL,  Impetigo — s.  Asbestos,  sec   Eczema 

of  the  hairy  scalp  — s.  Dry,  Psoriasis — s.  Milky, 

larvalis — s.  Honeycomb,  Porrigo  favosa 

— s.  Running,  Impetigo — s.  Running,  Eczema 

— s.  Washerwoman's,  Psoriasis  diffusa. 


SCALLED  HEAD 


6?0 


SCAPULAR  APONEUROSIS 


8CALLED  HEAD,  Porrigo  scutulata. 

SCALP,  Teut.  Sc  h  e  1  pe,  'a  shell."  The 
integuments  covering  the  head.  The  hairy 
scalp  is  called,  also.  Capillitium,  Tricho'lon,  (F.) 
Chevelure. 

SCAL'PEL,  Scalpel' lum,  Culler,  Inciso'rium, 
Smi'leon,-  from  sculpo.  T  rasp,  I  cut.'  A  eat- 
ing instrument,  formed  of*  a  blade  of  well-tem- 
pered steel,  very  sharp,  of  variable  shape  and 
size,  and  fixed  solidly  in  a  handle.  Its  vse  is 
to  divide  the  soft  parts  in  operations,  dissec- 
tion. &c. 

SCALPELLUS,  Bistouri. 

SCALPRUM,  Raspatorium — s.  Rasorium, 
Raspalorium. 

SC  A  MM  A,  Fossa. 

SCAMMONEE  D'JILEP,  Convolvulus  scam- 
monia. 

SCAMMONIUM,  see  Convolvulus  scammo- 
nia — s.  Syriacuin,  Convolvulus  scammonia. 

SUAMMONY,  Convolvulus  Bcatnmonia — s. 
of  Montpeliier,  Cynanchum  Monspeliacum. 

SCAMJNON  HIPPOCRATIS,  Bathron. 

SCAMNUM  HIPPOCRATIS,  Buthron  Hip- 
pocruti'on  of  Galen,  (F.)  Banc  d'Htppocrate.  A 
machine  invented  by  Hippocrates  for  reducing 
fractures.  It  was  a  sort  of  bed,  six  feet  long; 
on  which  the  patient  was  fixed.  Straps  were 
attached  above  and  below  the  fracture  or  luxa- 
tion, and  the  extension  and  counter-extension 
were  effected  by  a  winch.  It  is  described  in 
Galen,  Oribasius,  Scultetus,  &c. 

SCANDIX  CEREFO'LIUM,  CerefoKum, 
Daucus  Seprin'ius,  Charophyl'lum,  Ch.  Sativum, 
Anihris'cvs  cercfolium,  Chasrefo'lium,  Chervil, 
(F.)  Cerfeuil.  Family,  Umbellifera?.  Sea.  Syst. 
Pentandria  Digynia.  A  culinary  herb,  which 
is  slightly  aromatic  and  grateful.  It  is  said  to 
be  gently  aperient  and  diuretic. 

Scandix  Odoha'ta;  the  Sweet  Cic" el y.  Pro- 
perties the  same  as  the  other.  Also,  Chrero- 
phyllnm  odoratum. 

SCAPHA,  oy.*(fi],  'a  skiff  or  cock-boat;'  from 
cxama,  'I  make  hollow.'  The  excavation  or 
cavity  of  the  external  ear,  between  the  helix 
and  anthelix.  Also  the  name  of  a  bandage  for 
the  head,  mentioned  by  Galen,  and  called,  like- 
wise, Tlwfus  Diocle'us. 

SCAPH1A,  Nates. 

SCAPHION,  Cranium,  Papaver  (Capsule.) 

SCA'PHIUM  OCULA'RE,  Pelvis  Ocula'ris, 
Eye-glass,  (F.)  Bassin  oculaire,  Condole  oculaire, 
(Eilliere.  A  small  porcelain  glass,  or  metallic 
vessel,  used  for  applying  lotions  to  the  eye. 

SCAPHO-CARPO-SUPER.PHALANGEUS 
FOLLICIS,  Abductor  pollicis  brevis. 

SCAPHOID,  Scaphoi'des,  from  axacpv,  'a 
skiff,'  and  eiSu;,  'form.'  A  name  given  to  seve- 
ral parts. 

Scaphoid  Fossa,  Fossa  Scaphoi'des,  (F.)  En- 
fonccment  Scap/toide.  A  small  cavity  at  the 
upper  part  of  the  internal  ala  of  the  pterygoid 
process,  irfwhich  the  peristaphylinus  interims 
is  attached. 

Scaphoid  Bone  of  the  Hand,  Os  Scaphoides 
Manus,  Os  Tuivicula'r?.,  Boat-like  hone,  (F.)  Sea- 
phdide  de  la  main.  The  first  bone  of  the  first 
row  of  the  carpus.  The  upper  surface  is  con- 
vex, and  articulated  with  the  radius.  The 
under  and  outer  surfaces  are  also  convex, — to 
be  articulated  with  the  trapezium  and  trape- 
zoides.  Between  the  upper  and  under  cartila- 
ginous surfaces  there  is  a  rovgli  fossa  for  the 


insertion  of  the  capsular  ligament.  The  ante- 
rior and  inner  surface  has  an  ocal  cavity,  where 
it  is  articulated  with  the  os  magnum,  which 
gives  name  to  the  bone.  There  is  a  proccss,on 
the  outer  end  of  the  bone,  for  the  attachment 
of  part  of  the  anterior  transverse  ligament  of 
the  wrist. 

Scaphoid  Bonf,  of  the  Foot,  Os  Scaphoides 
Pedis,  Os  navicula'ri,  Boat-like  bone,  (F.)  Sca- 
pho'ide  di\  Pied.  This  bone  is  situate  at  the 
forepart  of  the  astragalus  and  inner  part  of  the 
foot.  The  posterior  surface  forms  a  cavity, 
somewhat  like  that  of  a  boat,  for  receiving  the 
head  of  the  astragalus.  There  is  a  prominence 
at  the  inner  side  of  the  bone,  for  the  insertion 
of  tendons,  muscles,  and  strong  ligaments.  The 
forepart  of  the  bone  is  convex,  and  divided  into 
three  articular  surfaces  for  articulation  with 
the  ossa  cuneiformia.  Between  the  os  navicu- 
lar and  astragalus,  the  foot  has  its  principal 
lateral  and  rotary  motions;  although  each  of 
the  other  joints  of  the  tarsus  contributes  a  lit- 
tle. Part  of  the  tibialis  posticus  is  inserted 
into  it. 

SCAPH01DE  DE  LA  MAIN,  Os  scaphoides 
manus — s.  du  Pied,  Os  scaphoides  pedis. 

SCAPHOIDO-ASTRAGALAN,  Scaphoido- 
astraga/a'nus.  That  which  relates  to  the  sca- 
phoid bone  and  astragalus.  The  articulation  of 
these  bones  is  so  called;  and  the  ligament, 
whfch  strengthens  it  is  termed  the  Scapho'ido- 
astragalan  ligament.  - 

SC APH OIDO- CUBOID,  Scaphoido-cuboidse'- 
vs.  That  which  relates  to  the  scaphoid  and 
cuboid  bones.  The  articulation  of  those  bones 
is  so  called. 

SCAPHULA,  Naviculars  fossa. 

SCAP'ULA,  Scap'ulum,  Plata,  Omopla'ta, 
Homoplata,  Scop' tula,  Epino' lion  ,•  the  Blade- 
hone,  the  Shoulder-blade,  (F.)  Oaioplate.  An 
irregular,  broad  flat  bone,  of  a  triangular  shape, 
situate  at  the  posterior  part  of  the  shoulder.  It 
has,  1.  A  posterior  or  dorsal  surface,  or  Dorsum, 
divided  transversely  into  two  parts,  by  a  trian- 
gular process,  called  Spine  of  the  Scapula/  which 
terminates  by  a  considerable  eminence,  called 
Acromion.  Above  the  spine,  is  the  Fossa  su- 
praspinala ;  below  it,  the  F.  infra-  spinata.  2. 
An  anterior  or  costal  surface,  or  venter,  forming 
the  Fossa  subscapular  is.  3.  A  superior  or'cer- 
victd  edge,  which  is  thin,  and  terminates,  ante- 
riorly, b}'  a  strong,  curved  apophysis,  called 
the  coracoid  process.  4.  A  posterior  or  vertebral 
edge,  called,  also,  the  base.  5.  An  outer  or 
axillary  or  inferior  edge,  having  a  thick,  trun- 
cated angle,  in  which  is  the  glenoid  cavity. 
With  this  is  articulated  the  head  of  the  hume- 
rus. The  glenoid  cavity  is  separated  from  the 
body  of  the  bone  by  a  narrower  part,  called  the 
cervix  or  neck.  The  edges  or  margins  are.  also, 
called  coslx.  The  scapula  has  three  angles — 
an  inferior,  superior,  and  anterior. 

Scapula,  Humerus. 

SCAP'ULAR,  Scapula'ris,  from  scapula.,  'the 
shoulder-blade.'  That  which  relatesor  belongs 
to  the  scapula:   Scap'vlary. 

Scapular  Aponelho'sis.  A  broad,  thin, 
aponeurosis,  with  decussating  fibres;  which  is 
attached,  above,  to  the  spine  of  the  scapula; 
below,  to  a  crest  between  the  teres  major  and 
infraspinatus;  within,  to  the  spinal  edge  of  the 
scapula;  and  which,  at  its  middle,  unites  with 


SCAPULAR  ARTERIES 


671 


SCELOTYRBE 


the  thin  aponeurosis,  that  covers  a  part  of  the 
externa]  surface  of  the  deltoid. 

Scapular  Ar'terif.s.  These  are  several. 
a.  The  Superior  scapular,  Superficial  smipular 
of  Sommering,  Dorsa1 'lis  scapulx  superior,  Trans- 
rersa'lis  scapula,  T.  lln'meri.  This  arises  from 
the  subclavian  ;  and  often  from  the  inferior 
thyroid,  or  from  a  trunk  common  to  it  and  the 
posterior  scapular  or  transverse  scapular  or  cer- 
vical. It  passes  behind  the  clavicle,  above  the 
superior  edge  of  the  scapula,  and  buries  itself 
between  the  dorsal  surface  of  that  bone  and  the 
muscles  inserted  into  it.  b.  The  inferior  scapu- 
lar or  common  scapular  or  internal  scapular 
or  subscapular  artery,  A.  Tharad'ica.  axilla,' ris 
vel  ala'ris,  is  of  considerable  size.  It  arises 
from  the  inferior  part  of  the  axillary  artery ,  be- 
hind the  brachial  plexus — gives  off  several 
branches  to  the  armpit,  and  divides  into  two 
branches ;  — the  one,  Scapula'r is  interna,  and  the 
smaller  of  the  two,  is  distributed,  almost  en- 
tirely, to  the  serratus  major  anticus,  and  latis- 
simus  dorsi ;  the  other,  the  larger  of  the  two, 
the  Dorsa' lis  Scap'ulee  inferior  vel  Circumflex'  a 
Scapula' ris,  which  distributes  its  branches  to 
the  subscapular  and  supra-spinal,  and  infra- 
spinal  regions. 

Scapular  Veins  follow  the  same  course  as 
the  arteries, — which  they  accompany. 

SCAP'ULARY,from  scapula.  A  broad,  linen 
bandage,  divided  into  two  tails  for  three  quar- 
ters of  its  length,  the  undivided  extremity  of 
which  is  attached  to  the  posterior  and  middle 
part  of  a  bandage  carried  round  the  body;  each 
of  the  tails  passing  over  a  shoulder  ;  and  being 
attached  to  the  anterior  part  of  the  body  band- 
age, to  prevent  it  from  slipping  down. 

SCAPULO  HU'MERAL.  An  epithet  given 
to  the  shoulder-joint.  It  is  an  orbicular  articu- 
lation, resulting  from  the  reception  of  the  head 
of  the  humerus  into  the  glenoid  cavity  of  the 
scapula.  To  keep  the  bones  in  connexion, 
there  are:  1.  A  very  strong,  conoidal  capsular 
ligament;  passing  from  the  circumference  of 
the  glenoid  cavity  around  the  neck  of  the  hu- 
merus. 2.  A  jibro-cartilaginous  ring,  called  the 
glenoid  ligament,  and  a  synovial  capsule. 

SCJPULO-HUiMKRAL,Teres  major— s.  Hu- 
rniro-olccranien,  Triceps  extensor  cubiti — 5. 
Hymdien,Omoi\yo\devi8 — s. Radial,  Biceps  flexor 
cubiti — s.  TrocliUirien,  grand,  Infra-spinatus. 

SCA PUS,  Penis. 

SCARAB^OLUS'  HEMISPILER1CUS, 
Coccus  cacti. 

SCAR'BOROUGH,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  Scarborough  Spa.  A  celebrated  English 
chalybeate,  at  Scarborough,  in  Yorkshire.  One 
of  the  springs  is  a  simple,  caibonaled  chaly- 
beate, like  that  of  Tunbridge:  the  other  has  an 
admixture  of  purging  salt.  Scarborough,  having 
the  additional  advantage  of  sea-bathing. is  much 
frequented  by  invalids. 

SU  ARIFIC  A'TION,  Scarified 'tio,  Am'yche, 
(Galen,)  Amyg'mos,  Amy X1  is,  Schasis,  C'ata- 
chas'/uos,  Calachas' 'mvs,  Encharax'is,  from  oy.a- 
gtyaofiai,  '  to  make  a  sliffht  scratch.'  A  small 
incision  made  into  the  skin  with  a  lancet,  bis- 
toury, or  scarificator,  for  different  therapeutical 
purposes, — as  to  draw  blood,  or  to  discharge 
eome  effused  fluid.  When  the  scarifications 
nre  very  superficial,  and  do  nut  go  farther  than 
the  skin,  they  are  termed,  by  the  French, 
Muuclutures. 


SCARIFICA'TOR,  Scarijicato'rium.  An  in- 
strument for  making  scarification?.  Jt  consists 
of  a  srrall  brass  box,  of  a  cubical  shape,  in 
which  10  or  \2  lancet  points  turn  upon  a  com- 
mon pivot.  By  means  of  a  spring,  all  these 
blades  can  be  made  to  issue  at  once,  and  make 
as  many  scarifications. 

SCARIOLA,  Cichorium  endivia,  Lactuca 
scariola. 

SCARWLE,  Cichorium  endivia. 

SCARLATI'NA,  from  scarlu/lo,  (1.)  «  a  deep 
red.'  Enantht'sis  Rosa'lia,  Rosa'lia,  Rossa'lia, 
Rubeolas,  of  some,  Morbil'li  ignei,  M.  conftuen'tes, 
Morbus  scurlatino' sus ,  Febris  scarlatinal sa,  Gut'  - 
turis  morbus  epidem'icus  Foresti.  Purpura,  Ty- 
phus scarlati'nus,  Febris  rubra,  Rash-fccer,  (F.) 
Fievre  rouge,  F.  pourpree.  The  characteristic 
symptoms  of  scarlatina  are: — a  scarlet  flush, 
appearing  about  the  second  day  of  fever,  on 
the  face,  neck,  and  fauces;  and  progressively 
spreading  over  the  body;  terminating  about  the 
7th  day.  Two  great  varieties  may  be  reckoned; 
— the  S.  simplex,  S.  febris,  S.  benig'na,  S.  sine 
angina,  in  which  the  fever  is  moderate  and  ter- 
minates with  the  efflorescence;  prostration  of 
strength  being  trifling,  and  the  contagious  pro- 
perty slight;— and  the  &  Angino'sa,  S.  Paristh- 
mit'ica,  S.  Cynanch'ica,  S.  mitior>,  in  which  the 
fever  is  severe;  the  throat  ulcerated;  the  erup- 
tion later  in  its  appearance  and  less  extensive; 
often  changing  to  a  livid  hue;  the  fever  being 
highly  contagious.  Scarlatina  maligna,  S.  gra- 
vior,  has  been  reckoned  a  variety  of  this,  in  its 
worst  degree.  It  agrees  with  the  Cynanche 
maligna  of  Cullen. 

Scarlatina  belongs  to  the  Major  exanthemata, 
(q.  v.)  and  is  a  disease,  chiefly,  of  children. 
The  eruption  differs  from  measles,  in  being  an 
efflorescence,  not  raised  above  the  cuticle. 
Measles,  too,  is  attended  with  catarrhal  symp- 
toms, whilst  the  complication,  in  scarlatina,  is 
cynanche.  The  treatment  of  simple  scarlatina 
need  not  be  much.  It  must  be  antiphlogistic. 
If  the  throat  be  very  much  ulcerated,  acid  gar- 
gles and  counter-irritants  must  be  employed; 
and  if  the  affection  become  manifestly  typhoid, 
and  the  sore  throat  of  a  malignant  character, 
the  case  must  be  treated  like  typhus  gravior; 
along  with  antiseptic  gargles  of  bark,  acid,  &c. 
Anasarca  sometimes  supervenes  on  scarlatina, 
and  requires  attention.  Purgatives  are  here 
demanded  as  well  as  the  use  of  sorbefacients, 
such  as  mercury  and  squill,  &c. 

Scarlatina  Anginosa,  see  Scarlatina — s. 
Benigna,  see  Scarlatina — s.  Cynanchica,  see 
Scarlatina — s.  Febris,  see  Scarlatina — s.  Gra- 
vior. see  Scarlatina — s.  Mitior,  see  Scarlatina — 
s.  Miliaris,  Rubeola,  Roseolas — s.  Paristhmitica, 
see  Scarlatina — s.  Pustulosa,  Roseolas — s.  Pus- 
tulosa,  Rubeola  —  s.  Rheumatica,  Dengue — s. 
sine  Angina,  see  Scarlatina — s.  Urticata,  Ur- 
ticaria. 

SCARLET  BERRY,  Solanum  dulcamara. 

SCATACRASIA,  Scorarrasia. 

SCELALG1A  PUERPERARUM,  Phleg- 
matia  dolens. 

SCELETOLOGIA,  Skeletology. 

SCELETON,  Skeleton. 

SCELFTUM,  Skeleton. 

SCEFONCUS,  Phlegmatia  dolens. 

SCELOS,  Leg. 

SCELOTYRBE,  Chorea,  Porphyra  nautica 


SCEPARNOS 


67!J 


SCIATIC  NERVE,  LESSER 


— s.  Febrilis,  see  Subsultus  tendinum— s.  Ta- 
rantismus,  Chorea. 

SCEPARNOS,  Ascia. 

SCEPTRUM,  Penis. 

SCHASIS,  Scarification. 

SCHASTERION,  Fleam,  Lancet. 

SCHEBA  ARABUM,  Artemisia  santonica. 

SCHERBET',  Sherbet' ',  Serb  a',  Tscberbet,  Sor- 
be'lhum,  Surbet'tum,  Sorbe'tum.  A  drink  pre- 
pared by  the  Turks,  Persians,  &c,  with  sugar 
and  the  juice  of  acid  fruits. 

SOHERLIEVO,  Mai  di  Scherlievo,  Mai  di 
Bre.no,  Mai  di  Flume.  Margarelizza,  Morbus 
Croatus,  Framhm'  sia  Illy/ica,  M.  fiuminiensis, 
Falcudina,  Malo  di  Scarlievo,  Scabies  vene'rea 
contagio'sa.  A  name  given  to  a  particular  form 
of  syphilis,  observed  in  lllyria.  It  is  said  to  be 
capable  of  being  communicated  without  imme- 
diate contact;  and,  that  its  principal  symptoms 
are: — pains  in  the  bones,  ulceration  of  the 
fauces,  pustules,  and  fungous  growths  in  dif- 
ferent parts  of  the  body. 

SCHERO'MA.  A  dryness  of  the  eye  from 
the  want  of  lachrymal  secretion. — Dictionaries. 

SCHIAS,  Neuralgia  f'emoro-poplitica. 

SCHIDAKE'DON,  from  mtu,  'I  cleave.' 
A  longitudinal  fracture  of  a  bone. — Galen. 

SCH1NDALESIS,  Schindylesis. 

SCHINDALMOS,  Schindylesis. 

SCHINDYLESIS,  Schindale'sis,  SchindaH- 
mos.  An  articulation  of  bones — by  furrowing, 
as  it  were;  as  in  that  of  the  vomer,  which  con- 
stitutes, in  part,  the  septum  narium.  Also,  the 
act  of  splitting  into  small  pieces. — Hippocrates; 
from  o/ivSvXew,  'I  split  into  small  pieces.' 

SCHINEL^E'ON,  from  rx<vog,  'the  mastic 
tree,'  and  tXatov,  'oil.'  Oleum  lentis'cinum. 
Oil  of  mastic. — Dioscorides. 

SCH1NOS,  Scilla. 

SCHISTOCEPH'ALUS,  from  <rXiaTog,  'cleft, 
separated,'  and  xsipakij,  'head.'  A  monster 
having  some  part  of  the  head  cleft  or  fissured. 
—Guilt. 

SCHISTOCOR'MUS,  from  ax,OTog,  'cleft, 
separated,'  and  y.nnu:g,  'trunk.'  A  monster 
having  some  part  of  the  trunk  cleft  or  fissured. 
— Gurlt. 

SCHISTOMELUS,  from  trZia-rog,  'cleft, 
separated,'  and  ^.eA'.j-,  'a 'limb.'  A  monster 
whose  limbs  are  fissured. 

SCHIZATRICH'IA,  Trichoschisis,  Schizo- 
trich'ia,  from  aXv.-x,  'a  cleft,'  'a  split,'  and 
6{U%,  'a  hair.'  The  splitting  of  the  hairs  at 
their  extremities. — J.  P.  Frank. 

SCHLANGENBAD,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  Schlangenbad  is  a  much  frequented 
watering  place  in  Germany.  The  waters  con- 
tain a  little  ca'rhonic  acid,  and  carbonate  of 
soda.    Temperature  BC°  Fahrenheit. 

SCHNE1DERIAN  MEMBRANE,  Pituitary 
membrane. 

SCHCENANTHUS,  Juncus  odoratus. 

SCHOLA,  School. 

SCHOOL,  Scho/a.  A  place  of  education,  (F.) 
llcolc.  In  Europe,  the  large  Medical  Schools 
are  usually  attached  to  the  universities.  In 
England,  however,  there  has  been  no  medical 
school  of  celebrity  at  either  of  the  universities 
of  Oxford  or  Cambridge  ;  owing  greatly  to  their 
provincial  situation.  Of  late,  two  schools  have 
existed  in  London,  attached  to  the  London  uni- 
versity— University  college  and  King's  college. 
Excellent  private  schools  have,  however,  long 


existed  in  that  metropolis.  The  medical  schoob 
of  Europe  which  have  been  most  celebrated  arc 
those  of  Edinburgh,  Leyden,  Berlin,  Halle, 
Tubingen,  Paris,  Montpellier,  Bologna,  Padua, 
Pavia,and  Pisa.  In  the  United  States,  the  me- 
dical schools  are  numerous;  at  this  time,  not 
fewer  than  30  or  40.  Those  most  numerously 
attended  are  the  medical  department  of  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania,  Jefferson  Medical 
College  of  Philadelphia,  the  University  of  the 
City  of  New  York,  the  Louisville  Medical  Insti- 
tute, and  the  medical  department  of  Transylva- 
nia University,  at  Lexington,  Kentucky. 

SCHOOLEY'S  MOUNTAIN,  MINERAL 
WATERS  OF.  The  waters  of  this  New  Jer- 
sey Spring  are  chalybeate.  According  to  Dr. 
McNeven,  they  contain  extractive,  chloride  of 
sodium,  chloride  of  calcium,  chloride  of  mag- 
nesium, carbonate  of  lime,  sulphate  of  lime, 
carbonate  of  magnesia,  silex,  and  carbonate, 
and  oxide  of  iron. 

SCHOUSB^EA  COCCINEA.  Cacoucia  coc- 
cinea. 

SCHWA LBACH,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  Sch  walbach  is  a  town  of  Germany,  sealed 
on  the  Aa,  32  miles  west  of  Frankfort.  The 
waters  contain  chloride  of  sodium,  carbonates 
of  lime  and  magnesia,  iron,  sulphate  of  lime, 
carbonic  acid,  and  oxygen,  &c.  Employed  as 
a  tonic. 

SCHWENDECK,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  These  waters  are  about  5  leagues  from 
Munich  in  Bavaria.  They  contain  carbonic 
acid;  carbonate  and  sulphate  of  lime,  chloride  of 
calcium;  chloride  of  magnesium;  carbonate  of 
soda,  and  oxide  of  iron,  and  are  much  used  for 
cutaneous  affections. 

SCIAT'IC,  Ischiadic,  Ischiat'icus,  Sciaticas, 
from  it <%toT,  'the  haunch.'  A  word  formed  by 
contraction  from  ischiatic,  which  latter  is  still 
used.     See  Ischiatic. 

Great  Sciatic  Nerve,  Great  femo'ro poplir 
tc'al  (Ch.,)  (F.)  Grand  nerf  sciatique,  ought  to 
be  esteemed  a  continuation  of  the  sacral  plexus. 
It  issues  from  the  pelvis  between  the  pyrami- 
dalis  and  superior  ge-mellus;  descends  along 
the  posterior  part  of  the  thigh;  and  after  having 
given  branches  to  the  gemini,  quadratus,  obtu- 
rator externus,  gluteus  maximus,  seini-mem- 
branosus,  semi-tendinosus,  biceps  and  third 
adductor  muscles,  it  divides,  about  the  inferior 
third  of  the  thigh,  into  two  branches;  the  one, 
named  the  external  popliteal,-  the  other,  the  in- 
ternal. 

Lesser  Sciatic  Nerve,  Inferior  gluteal 
branch  of  the  sacral  plexus,  lesser  fem'orc-popli- 
tc'ulncrne,  (Ch.)  (F.)  Nerf  petit  sciatique,  which 
seems  especially  formed  by  the  Sid  and  3d  sa- 
cral, is  given  off  from  the  lower  part  of  the 
plexus,  and  escapes  from  the  pelvis  beneath  the 
pyramidalis  muscle.  It  gives  branches  to  the 
gluteus  maximus, — a  sciatic  branch  or  infra- 
pelvic  cutaneous,  which  passes  under  the  tube- 
rosity of  the  ischium,  and  furnishes  filaments 
to  the  glutacus  maximus,  and  to  the  muscles  of 
the  perineum,  urethra,  penis,  scrotum,  &c. — 
and  a  posterior  femoral  cutaneous  branch,  the 
filaments  of  which  traverse  the  femoral  aponeu- 
rosis to  be  distributed  on  the  skin  of  the  poste- 
rior part  of  the  thigh.  The  principal  branch  of 
the  lesser  sciatic  nerve  divides,  near  the  hum, 
into   two   or   three  filaments,  which  descend 


SCIATIC  NOTCH,  GREAT 


C73 


SCLEROTIC 


under  the  integuments  almost  as  far  as  the  in- 
ferior part  of  the  leg. 

Great  Sciatic  Notch,  or  Foramen,  (F\) 
Grande  ecftancrure  sciatique  ou  grand  trou 
sciatique,  is  a  large  notch  at  the  posterior  edge 
of  each  os  innominatum,  below  the  posterior 
and  inferior  iliac  spine,  which  is  converted  into 
a  foramen  by  the  sacrum  and  sacro-sciatic  liga- 
ments. 

Sciatic  Spine  or  Spine  of  the  Ischium,  or 
Spinous  Proc"ess  of  the  Ischium,  is  a  short,  flat, 
pyramidal  eminence  on  the  os  innominatum, 
above  the  preceding  foramen;  which  gives  in- 
sertion to  the  lesser  sacro-sciatic  ligament, 

SCIATICA,  Neuralgia  femoro-poplitsea. 

SCJE,  Saw. 

SCIENTIA  HERMETICA,  Alchymy. 
•    SCIERO'PIA,  from  trxifooj,  '  shady,'  and  wxp, 
'  the  eye.'     A  defect  of  vision,  in  which  all  ob- 
jects have  a  darker  hue  than  natural. 

SCILLA,  Scilla  marii'ima,,  Aschil,wSchinos, 
Oc'ulus  Typho'nis,  Ornithog'alum  mariifimum, 
1 — the  squill  or  sea  onion. — The  Eye  of 
Typkon,  (F.)  Ognon  rnarin.  Family,  Liliacea3. 
Sex.  Syst.  Hexandria  Monogynia.  Native  of 
Spain.  Austria,  &c.  The  bulb  or  root  of  the 
squill  has  a  bitter,  nauseous  taste,  and  is  ex- 
tremely acrid;  inflaming  the  skin  when  rubbed 
on  it.  Its  acrimony,  on  which  its  virtues  de- 
pend, is  destroyed  by  heat,  drying,  and  keep- 
ing. It  is  extracted  by  vinegar,  spirit,  and 
water.  In  large  doses,  squill  isemetieand  pur- 
gative; in  small  doses,  diuretic  and  expecto- 
rant. Its  active  principle  has  been  called  scil- 
litine.  Dose,  gr.  j  to  v  of  the  dried  root,  united 
or  not  with  mercury. 

SCINCUS,  <rx.iyy.og  or  o-y.iyyo;.  A  species  of 
Saurus  or  Luccr'La,  common  in  Egypt,  and 
much  extolled  by  the  ancients,  as  alexipbarmic 
and  aphrodisiac. 

SCLNTJL'LA  VEN'ERIS,'  a  relic  of  Venus.' 
A  name  given,  by  Paracelsus,  to  the  impo- 
tence and  loss  of  power  in  the  limbs  produced 
by  svphilis. 

SClOM'ACHY,  Sliioma'chia,  SItiama'chia  ,• 
from  c-y.".c.  •  a  shade,'  and  /j.*y>],  '  a  fight.'  An 
exercise  with  the  ancients,  which  consisted  in 
a  mock  encounter  at  boxing  and  jumping  with 
one's  own  shadow. 

SCIRRHE,  Scirrhus. 

SCIRRHOBLEPHARONCUS,  Scleriasis. 

SCIRRHOCELE,  Scirrhus. 

SCIRRHOGAS'TRIA,  (F.)  Squirm  gastric,- 
Scirrhus  ventric'vli;  from  TKiooog,  '  hard.'  and 
yaOTto, '  stomach.'     Scirrhus  of  the  stomach. 

SCIRRHOMA,  Scirrhus. 

SOIRRHOSIS,  Scirrhus. 

SCIRRHOUS,  SARCO'MA  OF  ABER- 
NETIIY.  Enipliy'ina  sarcoma  scirrkef 'sum. 
Hard,  rigid,  vascular  infarction  of  glandular 
follicles;"  indolent,  insentient,  glabrous:  some- 
times shrinking  and  becoming  more  indurated. 
Found  in  jlanduloda  structures. 

SCIRRHUS,  Squirrkus,  Scirrho'ma,  Scirrho'- 
sis.  Indura'tio  maligna.  Scirrhoce'lS,  bckirrus, 
Sclera:  ,■  from  oy.ioooc,  'hard,'  '  indurated,'  (F.) 
Squirre,  Stir, -he,  Skirre.  A  disease,  so  called 
from  the  hardness  that  characterizes  it.  It  is  a 
>f  induration,  of  a  peculiar  kind,  affecting- 
glandular  structures  generally,  but  capable  of 
occurring  in  other  textures.  It  usually  pre- 
cedes carcinoma,  of  which  it  may,  indeed,  be 
considered  as  the  first  stage.     Scirrhus   must 


not  be  confounded  with  the  induration  which 
succeeds  inflammation,  although  the  two  states 
are  often  complicated,  and  may  stand,  occasion- 
ally, in  the  relation  of  cause  and  effect  to  each 
other.  Scirrhus  is  ordinarily  accompanied  by 
violent  shooting  pains.  It  is,  also,  irregular  on 
its  surface;  and,  when  cut  into,  has  a  bluish  or 
grayish  white-colour.  When  the  surgeon  is 
satisfied  of  the  existence  of  scirrhus,  he  had 
better  remove  it  at  once.  No  other  treatment 
seems  to  possess  much  advantage.  Galen  uses 
the  term  Scirrho'sis  for  a  livid  excrescence, 
caused  by  inflammation. 

Scirrhus  et  Carcinoma  Ventriculi,  see 
Gastrostenosis  cardiaca  et  pylorica — s.  Intesti- 
norurn,  Enteropathia  cancerosa  —  s.  Testicuii, 
Sarcocele. 

SCISSORS,  Forfex,  Forpex,  Psalis,  Tomis, 
(F.)  Ciseaux.  A  well  known  instrument  in 
common  use,  and  often  employed  in  surgery. 
Scissors  are  composed  of  two  cutting  blades, 
crossing  each  other  and  moving  upon  an  axis. 
They  are  straight  or  curved.  Sometimes  the 
curve  is  on  the  flat  side,  when  they  are  called 
in  France  Ciseaux  a  cui/ler;  at  others,  on  their 
edges.  The  scissors,  bent  so  that  the  blades 
make  an  obtuse  angle  with  the  handles,  are  also 
much  used.  They  are  called  in  France  Ciseaux 
entitles.  Scissors  are  used  for  dividing  soft, 
loose,  isolated  parts,  which  it  would  be  difficult 
to  reach  and  to  cut  with  the  bistoury.  They 
are  employed,  likewise,  in  the  operation  for 
harelip,  and  for  removing  warts,  fungous  ex- 
crescences. &c. 

SCISSLR.E,  Rhagades. 

SCISSURE  DE  GLASER,  Fissure  glenoid 
— s.  Grande  media ne  dtt,  Ccrvclct,  Valley — s.  de 
Sanlorini.  Santorini,  fissure  of. 

SCLAREA,  Salvia  sclarea. 

SCLEREMA,  Induration  of  the  cellular 
tissue. 

SCLEREMIA,  Induration  of  the  cellular 
tissue. 

SCLEE kM E,  Induration  of  the  cellular  tissue. 

SCLEREMUS,  Induration  of  the  cellular 
tissue . 

SCLERENCEPOA'LIA,'  Indu'ratio  cer'ebri,^ 
from  rjxAijo:?, '  hard,'  and  tyxt^oxov,  'the  brain,' 
(F.)  Endurcissement  du  Cerveau.  Induration 
of  the  brain. 

SCLERIA,  Scleriasis. 

SCLtTvl'ASlS,  Sclera' ma,  Sclcro'sis,  S 
Stlerys'mus,  from  ozlyao?, '  hard.'  Any  kind  of 
hardness  or  induration.  Sometimes  hardness 
of  the  eyelids,  Vallo' silos  palpebrarum,  Srirrho- 
blcpharon'ciis;  at  others,  hardness  of  the  genital 
organs  of  the  female;  probably  synonymous 
with  scirrhus  — Galen.     Faulus. 

SCLERODES,  Sclerotic. 

SCLEROMA,  Scleriasis. 

SCLKRONYXIS,  Scleroticonyxis. 

SCLEROPHTHALMIA,  Hordeolum. 

SCLEROS,  Hard. 

SCLEROSARCO'MA,  from  o-/x>,ooc,  <  hard,' 
and  (ru'y/.vntu,  '  a  fleshy  tumour.'  A  hard,  fleshy 
tumour,  seated  on  the  gums,  and  resembling  a 
cock's  comb. 

SCLEROSIS,  Scleriasis. 

SCLEROTIC,  Sclerotica,-  from  try.Xr^om,  '  1 
harden.'  Cornea  optica,  Sclt  ro'tles.  Tunica  dura 
seu  albugin'ea  sen  da' nor  et  crass'ior  sen  opti- 
ma sen  alba  seu  Candida  seu  innomindta oc'uli, 
Sclera  th,   (F.)    Sclerotique,  Blanc  da   t'< 


SCLEROTICA  CERATOIDES 


C74 


SCROFULA 


hard,  resisting,  opake  membrane;  of  a  pearly 
white  colour  and  fibrous  nature,  which  covers 
nearly  the  posterior  four-fifths  of  the  globe  of 
the  eye,  and  has  the  form  of  a  sphere,  truncated 
before.  It  is  strengthened  by  the  expansion  of 
the  muscles  of  the  eye;  to  which  expansion 
many  anatomists  have  given  the  name  Tunica 
albuginea.  The  sclerotic  is  penetrated  poste- 
riorly, by  a  round  opening,  for  the  passage  of 
the  optic  nerve,  and,  anteriorly,  it  has  a  much 
larger  opening,  into  which  the  transparent  cor- 
nea is  received.  There  are,  besides,  many 
small  oblong  apertures  in  it  for  the  passage  of 
nerves  and  vessels,  proceeding  to  the  interior  of 
the  eye.  In  the  faetas,  the  sclerotic  may  be 
separated  into  two  very  distinct  lamina?. 

SCLEROTICA  CERATOIDES,  Cornea. 

SCLEROTICON  YX'IS,  Scleronyx'is,  Seleroto- 
nyx'is,  from  crjc/^oo;,  'hard,'  and  wit?,  'punc- 
turing.' Perforation  of  the  sclerotica  in  the 
operation  for  cataract  by  depression. 

SCLEROTICUS.  Induians. 

SCLEROTIQUE,  Sclerotic. 

SCLEROTIS,  Sclerotic. 

SCLEROTITIS,  Inflamma'tio  Sckrtft'icsB, 
Sclerotitis  atmosplier'ica,  Rkeumat'ic  Sclerotitis, 
Rheumatic  ophthalmia,  Ophthalmia  arthrifica, 
from  sclerotica,  and  ids,  denoting  inflammation. 
Inflammation  of  the  sclerotic  coat  of  the  eye. 

Sclerotitis  Atmosfherica,  Sclerotitis — s. 
Rheumatic.  Sclerotitis. 

SCLEROT1UM  CLAVUS,  see  Ergot. 

SCLERUS,  Scirrhus. 

SCLERYS'MA,  from  trxKr}Qog,  'hard.'  Indu- 
ration; also,  induration  of  the  liver. — Bonet. 

BCLERYSMUS,  Scleriasis. 

SCLIRUS,  Scirrhus. 

SCLOPETOPLAGyE,  Wounds,  gunshot. 

SCOBS,  Prisma,  Xi/sma,  Rumen  turn,  Rasu'- 
ra.  Ji  shaving,  also,  an  alkali;  and  the  scoria 
of  anv  mptal. 

SCOLECIASIS,  Helminthiasis. 

SCOLIO'SIS,  from  oy.oXioc,  'crooked.'  A 
distorlion  of  the  spine.     See  Hump. 

SCOLOPENDRIA,  Asplenium  ceterach. 

SCOLOPENDR1UM  OFF1C1NARUM,  As- 
plenium scolopendrium. 

SCOLOPOMACHiE'RION,  from  vmUnal, 
'the  woodcock,'  and  (j.aytxioa,  'a  knife;'  so 
called  because  it  is  bent  a  little  at  the  extremi- 
ty like  a  woodcock's  bill.  A  sort  of  blunt- 
pointed  bistoury. — Scultetus. 

SCOLYMUS  SATIVUS,  Cynara  scolymus. 

SCOOP,  Teut.  Schoepe,  Cochlea' re,  (F.) 
'Curdle.  A  surgical  instrument  of  the  shape 
of  a  spoon,  which  is  used  for  the  extraction  of 
certain  foreign  bodies.  The  scoop  is  often  em- 
ployed to  extract  balls,  impacted  in  the  soft 
parts;  to  remove  calculi  from  the  urinary  blad- 
der in  lithotomy,  &c.  A  small  scoop  is  some- 
times used  to  extract  foreign  bodies  from  the 
meatus  auditorius  externus,  nasal  fossae,  &c. 

SCOPA  REGIA,  Ruscus. 

SCOPARIUS,  see  Spartium  scoparium. 

SCOPE,  <rx.ont],  Scopia,  rxonia,  Scopos,  <rxo- 
tcoq,  from  oxo/7(U),  'I  look  around.'  A  common 
suffix  to  words  meaning  '  view  and  inspection,' 
as  cranioscopy,  slethoscopy,  &c. 

SCOPTUEA,  Scopula. 

SCOPUEA,  Brush. 

SCOR   Excrement. 

SCORACRA'SIA,  Sroracrati'a,  Scatacra'sia, 
Scalacruti'a,  Copracrati'a,-  from  pkwq,  '  the  ex- 


crement,' and  azgatria, '  want  of  control.'  Want 
of  power  to  retain  the  firces.  Involuntary 
evacuation  of  the  faeces. 

SCORBVT,  Porphyra  nautica,  Purpura  hoe- 
morrhngica — s.  dcs  A/pes,  Pellagra — s.  tie  Terre, 
Purpura  hemorrhagica. 

SCORBU'TIC,  Scorbu'ticvs.  That  which  be- 
longs to  scurvy.     One  affected  with  scurvy. 

SCORBUTUS,  Porphyra  nautica— s.  Alpi- 
nus,  Pellagra — s.  Nauticus,  Porphyra  nautica 
— s,'  Oris,  Cancer  aquaticus. 

SCORDINEMA,  Carebaria,  Pandiculation. 
SCORDINISMUS,  Pandiculation. 
SCORD1UM,  Teucrium  scordium. 
SCOR1TH,  Sulphur. 
SCORODON,  Allium. 

SCOR'PION,&W7>2-0,  from  axnoniow, 'I  punc- 
ture.' A  genus  of  insects,  having  a  sling  at 
the  extremity  of  the  tail,  with  which  they 
make  dangerous  vvound3.  An  Oil  of  Scorpion 
was  once  made  from  them,  which  is  not  now 
used. 
SCORTUM,  Scrotum. 

SCORZONE'RA,  S.  hu'milis,  Escorzone/ra, 
Vipera'ria,  Serpenta'ria  Hispan'ica,  OJjic"inal 
viper's  grass,  Viper's  grass,  Goat's  grass. 
Family,  Cichoracese.  Sex.  Syst  Syngenesia  Po- 
lygamia.  The  roots  have  been  used  as  alexi- 
pharmics,  and  in  hypochondriacal  disorders  and 
obstructions  of  the  viscera.  The  root  of  the 
Scorzonera  Hispanica  is  esculent,  but  ineffica- 
cious as  a  druo\ 

SCOTASMA,  Scotodvnia. 
SCOTODYN'IA,.Sc^<W,>i'iV7,  Scoto'mia,  Dinus 
Scoto'ma,  Scotoma,  Scotodi'ne,  Tencbrico'sa  verti'- 
go,   Scotos,   Scotas'ma,   Scoto'sis,   from    oxotoq, 
'darkness,'  and  Sntm,  'I  turn  round.'     Giddi- 
ness, with  impaired  sight,  often  succeeded  by 
headache.     See  Vertigo. 
SCOTOMIA,  Scotodynia. 
SCOTOS.  Scotodynia. 
SCOTOSIS,  Scotodynia. 
SCOTT'S  ACID  BATH,  Kitro-muriatic  acid 
bath.     A  bath  of  dilute  aqua  regia,  employed 
by  Dr.  Scott,  of  India,  as  a  remedy  in  hepatic 
diseases.     Three  pints  by  measure  of  muriatic 
acid,  and    two    of    nitric    acid,   are    mixed   to 
form   the   aqua  regia.     In    preparing   this   for 
use,  a  pint  of  it  is  mixed  with  an  equal  quan- 
tity of  water.     The  acid  bath  consists  of  three 
ounces  of  this  dilute   acid  to  every  gallon  of 
water. 

SCRATCH,  Psora. 
SCRIPTULUM,  Scruple. 
SCR1PULUM.  Scruple. 
SCRIPULUS,  Scruple. 
SCROBIC'ULUS,  Fossctte.     A  little  ditch  or 
furrow;  diminutive  of  Scrobs,  'a  ditch.' 

Scrobic'ulus  Cordis,  Ant icnr' ilium,  Procar'- 
dium,  (F.)  Fossette  du  recur,  (q  v.)  Avant-ctwr, 
Anticnur  The  pit  of  the  stomach.  The  de- 
pression at  the  anterior  part  of  the  abdomen, 
below  the  xiphoid  cartilage. 
SCROFF.E,  Scrofula. 

SCROF'ULA,  Stroph'ula,  Scrophulse,-  from 
scrofa,  'a  sow;'  because  swine  were  presumed 
to  be  subject  to  a  similar  complaint.  Serophvlof' 
sis,  Morbus  scrophulo'sus,  Vitium  scrophulo'sum, 
Cacochym'ia  seu  Cachex'ia  seu  Dyscra'sia  scro~ 
phulo'sa,  Pscdatroph'ia  glandulo'sa,  Struma, 
Chirms,  Coir  as,  Tabes  G/untlnla'ris,  Adeno'sis 
scrofula' so.,  Seroffse,  Vhraas,  King's  erii — The 
Ecil,(F.)  Scropltults,  Scrofules,  Strvmes,  llcrou- 


SCR0FULA1RE 


675 


SEBACEOUS  GLANDS 


elks,  Humeurs  froides,  Tubercules  des  glandes 
hymphatiques.  A  state  of  the  system,  charac- 
terized by  indolent,  glandular  tumours,  chiefly 
in  the  neck;  suppurating  slowly  and  imper- 
fectly, and  healing  with  difficulty;  the  disease  | 
ordinarily  occurring  in  those  of  a  sanguine 
temperament,  with  thick  upper  lip,  &c.  The 
tumours,  after  suppuration,  degenerate  into 
ulcers;  which,  in  process  of  time,  cicatrize, 
leaving  scars.  The  internal  organs  are  apt  to 
be  attacked  in  those  disposed  to  scrofula;  hence 
they  are  often  the  subjects  of  phthisis  and  me- 
senteric affections.  Scrofula  is  hereditary;  and 
is  frequently  excited  by  insufficient  or  impro- 
per regimen,  and  by  a  close,  confined  air  during 
the  first  years  of  existence.  The  best  treat- 
ment is: — to  strengthen  the  system  by  animal 
diet;  pure  air,  and  exercise,  cold  bathing,  or 
sea-water  hathinir,  &c. 

SCROFULAIRE,    Scrophularia    nodosa— s. 
Jiquatiqne,  Scrophularia  aquatica. 
S CR  0  F  UL E  UX,  Scrofulous. 
SCROF'ULOUS;    Scrophuh'sus,    Strumous, 
Strumo'sus,  (F.)  Scrofukux,  Strumeux.     Suffer- 
ing from,  or  relating  to  scrofula. 

SCROPHULES,  Scrofula— s.  Mdsentiriques, 
Tabes  mesenterica. 

SCROPHULA,  Scrofula— s.  Mesenterica, 
Tabes  mesenterica. 

SCROPHULA'RIA  AQUATICA,  Beton'ica 
aquat'ica,     FUa'ria,     Ferra'ria,     Castran' gula, 
Greater    Water   Flgworl,    Water   Bet'ony,    (F.)  i 
Scrofuluire   nquatique.      The    leaves    are    cele-  j 
brated    as    correctors    of    the    bad    flavour   of  j 
senna.     They  were,  at  one  time,  regarded  as 
eminently  antiscrofulous,  stomachic,  and  car- 
minative. 

Scrophularia  Fcetida,  Scrophularia  nodosa 
— s.  Minor,  Ranunculus  ficaria. 

Scp.ophula'ria  Nodo'sa,  Figivort,  Kennel- 
wort,  Sirophulu'ria  faftida,  Scrophularia  vu/ga'- 
ris,  Millemor'bia,  Scrophuia'ria,  (F.)  Scrofuluire, 
Herbe  aux  ecrouelles.  The  root  and  leaves  of 
this  plant  have  been  celebrated,  both  as  an  in- 
ternal and  external  remedy,  against  inflamma- 
tions, piles,  scrofulous  tumours,  ulcers,  &c. 

Scrophularia  Vulgaris,  Scrophularia  no- 
dosa. 

SCROPHULOSIS,  Scrofula. 
SCROPHULOSUS,  Scrofulous. 
SCROTOCE'LE.     A  hybrid  term;  from  (L.) 
Scrotum,  and  xr,).i],  'a  tumour.'     Hernia  Scrota- 
/is,  Scrotal  hernia.     Inguinal  hernia,  descending 
into  the  scrotum  — Oscheocele,  (q.  v.) 

SCROTUM,  from  scorteus,  scorlcum,  made  of 
leather.  (?)  Os'cheon,  Och'eus,  Ferin,  Scortum, 
Marsu'pium,  Bur1  aula,  Bursa  tes'tium  seu  r'ni'- 
lis,  Cup'ulus,  (?)  Os'cheus,  O/cliea,  the  Purse, 
Os'cus,  the  Cod,  (F.)  Fes  bourses.  The  inte- 
guments which  cover  the  testes.  These  are 
DOthinc  more  than  a  prolongation  of  the  skin 
of  the  inner  part  of  the  thighs,  perinseum,  and 
penis.  The  skin  is  remarkable  for  its  brown 
colour,  for  the  numerous  rugae,  especially  when 
the  scrotum  is  contracted;  for  the  great  num- 
ber of  sebaceous  follicles  it  contains;  and  for 
the  long  and  few  hairs  which  issue  from  it  in 
the  adult.  The  scrotum  is  divided  into  two 
equal  parts  by  a  raphe,  which  extends  from  the 
anus  to  the  root  of  the  penis.  Its  organization 
is  similar  to  that  of  the  skin  of  other  parts  of 
the  body,  except  that  the  chorion  is  thinner. 
oti/m  Cordis,  Pericardium. 


SCRUPLE,  Diob'alon,  Gramma'rium,  Scru'- 
pulus,  Scru1 'piiluni,  Scrip' tulus,  Scrip' ulum,  Scrip  - 
ulus.  A  weight  of  twenty  grains,  Troy ;  twenty- 
four  orains,  Poids  de  marc. 

SCUDAMORE'S  MIXTURE,  see  Mixture, 
Scndamore's. 

SOUR  F.  Sax.  rcupr,  Teut.  Schorft. 
Fur'fura.  Small  exfoliations  of  the  cuticle  are 
so  called 

SCURFY,  Furfuraceous. 

SCURVY  OF  THE  ALPS,  Pellagra— s. 
Land,  Purpura  hemorrhagica— s.  Petechial, 
Purpura  simplex— s.  Sea.  Porphyra  nautica— s. 
Grass,  common,  Cochlearia  officinalis— s.  Grass, 
lemon,  Cochlearia  officinalis— s.  Grass,  wild, 
Cochlearia  coronopus. 

SCUTE L LA,  Cup. 

SCUTELLARIA  GALERICTJLA'TA,  Ter- 
tiana'ria.  Skull-cap,  (F.)  Cassidt  bhuc  Family, 
Persones?.  Sex.  Syst.  Didynamia  Angiosper- 
mia.  This  plant  has  a  bitter  taste  and  a  garlic 
smell.  It  has  been  esteemed  especially  service- 
able in  tertian  ague. 

Scutklla'uia  Lateriflora,  Skullcap,  Mad- 
weed,  Hood  wort,  Blue  Pimp'ernel.  An  indi- 
genous plant,  which  grows  in  all  parts  of  the 
United  States  in  moist  places.  It  was  at  one 
time  esteemed  a  preventive  of  hydrophobia, 
but  is  probably  possessed  of  l.ttle  virtue  of  any 
kind. 

Scutellaria  Integrifo'lia, — another  indi- 
genous variety, —  is  an  intense  bitter. 
|      SCUTICULA  D1G1TORUM  MANUS,Pha- 
j  lances  of  the  fingers. 

SCUTUM  CORDIS,  Sternum. 

SCYB'ALA,  plural  of  <rxv0alov,1  dung.'     En- 

terol'ithus  Scyb'alum,  Excrementa  Alci  siccio'ra. 

Hard  fecal  matters,  discharged  in  round  lumps. 

SCYPHOPHORUS    PYXIDATUS,  Lichen 

j  pyxidatus. 

SOYPHUS  AUDITORIUS, Infundibulum  of 
I  the  cochlea  —  s.  Cerebri,  Infundibulum  of  the 
j  brain— s.  Vieussenii,  Infundibulum  of  the  coch- 

SCYROS.  Callosity. 

SCYTAT1DESD1GITORUMM  ANUS,  Pha- 
langes of  the  fingers. 

SCYTHICA.  (RADIX,)  Glycyrrhiza. 

SCYTITIS,  Cytilis. 

SEA-AIR.  The  air  in  the  neighbourhood  of 
the  sea  contains  saline  particles  commingled 
with  it,  which  render  it  a  valuable  change  for 
scrofulous  and  debilitated  individuals.  The  sea 
and  sea-coast  are  usually,  also,  more  equable  in 
their  temperature  than  places  inland. 

SEA-SICKNESS,  Nausea  marina— s.  Water, 
see  Water,  Sea. 

SF.AL,  GOLDEN,  Hydrastis  Canadensis— 
s.  Solomon's.  Convallaria  polygonatum. 

SEARCHING,  Sounding;  from  (F.)  chereher, 
'to  seek.'  The  operation  of  ascertaining  whether 
a  patient  have  a  stone  in  the  bladder,  by  the 
introduction  of  a  metallic  instrument. 

SEASONING,  Acclimation. 

SEAT.  Anus— s.  Bone.  Ischion. 
S£BACE,  Sebaceous. 

SEBA'CEOUS,  Seba'cevs,-  (F.)  Scbace,  from 
sebum,  'suet.'  That  which  has  the  nature  of 
suet. 

Sebaceous  Glands,  Foi/licles  or  Crypts, 
Folliduli  seba'cei,  Crypte  seba'cese,  Oil  glands, 
Miliary  glands,  are  small  hollow  organs  of  a 
lounded'or  piriform  shape,  seated  in  the  sub- 


SEBACEOUS  FLUX 


67G 


SEIGLE 


stance  of  the  skin,  and  opening  on  its  surface 
by  a  small,  excretory  duct;  furnishing  a  yellow, 
unctuous  humour. — Smegma  cuta'neum,  Sebum 
urn, — having  some  analogy  with  suet, 
which  is  destined  to  lubricate  the  surface  of 
the  body.  Follicles  of  a  similar  nature  exist 
around  the  corona  glandis  of  the  male,  and 
under  the  skin  of  the  labia  majora  and  nympha? 
of  females.  They  secrete  a  sebaceous  matter, 
which  emits  a  peculiar  odour;  and,  hence  alter 
the  name  of  one  who  described  them,  have  been 
called  Glanduhe  odoriferx  Tysoni. 

Sebaceous  Flux,  Stearrhcea. 

SEBESTIER  MYXA,  Sebestina. 

SEBESTPNA,  Cordia  myxa,  Sebes'ten,  Seb- 
sten,  Myxa,  Cornus  sanguin'ea,  Prunus  scbsslena, 
Smooth  leaved  Cordia  or  Assyrian  plum,  (F.) 
Sebestier  myxa.  The  dark,  black  fruit  of  the 
Sf.beslina  possesses  glutinous  and  aperient  qua- 
lities, and  is  exhibited,  in  decoction,  in  various 
diseases  of  the  chest. 

SEBSTEN,  Sebestina. 

SEBUM,  Pinguedo,  Sevum — s.  Cutaneum, 
see  Sebaceous  glands. 

SECA'LE,  S.  cerea'le.  The  Rye  plant.  (F  ) 
Seigle.  Rye  is  chiefly  used  as  an  article  of  diet, 
particularly  in  the  northern  parts  of  Europe, 
where  a  spirit  is  also  extracted  from  it.  The 
grain  is  disposed  to  acescency :  and  hence  its 
internal  use,  at  first,  generally  produces  a  laxa- 
tive effect. 

Secale  Cornutum,  Ergot — s.  Luxurians, 
ErjTnt. 

SKCALiS  MATER,  Ergot. 

SECESSIO  FiECUM,  Defecation. 

SRCHE,  Sepia. 

SECLUSORIUM,  Sac. 

SECONDARY,  from  secundus,  'the  second.' 
Something  that  acts  subordinately  to  another; 
as  the  secondary  symptoms  of  a  disease;  i.  e. 
those  which  supervene  on  the  primary. 

SACONDIKES,  Secundines. 

SECRE'TION,  Sccre'tio,  Apoc'risis,  from 
secernere,  '  to  separate.'  An  organic  function, 
which  is  chiefly  executed  in  the  glands,  and 
consists  in  an  elaboration  or  separation  of  the 
materials  of  the  blood,  at  the  very  extremities 
of  the  arterial  system,  or  rather  of  the  vascular 
secretory  system;  and  which  differs,  in  each 
organ,  according  to  its  particular  structure; 
hence  the  formation  of  different  fluids; — bile, 
saliva,  mine,  milk,  &c.  The  secretions  are  of 
three  kinds: — exhulant,  follicular,  and  glandular 
(q.  v.) 

SECT.  METHODICAL,  Methodists. 

SECTIO  ALTA,  see  Lithotomy— s.  Cadave- 
ris,  Autopsia  cadaverica — s.  Franconiana,  see 
Lithotomy — s.  Hypo<rastrica,  see  Lithotomy — 
s.  Lateralis,  see  Lithotomy— s.  Mariana,  see 
Lithotomy — s.  Nympharum,  Nymphotomy — s. 
Renalis,  Nephrotomy — s.  Vesicalis,  Lithotomy. 

SECTION,  S1GAULTIAN,  Symphyse- 
otomy. 

SECUND-E,  Secundines. 

SECUNDIN7E,  Secundines. 

SECUNDINES,  Hys'tera,  Dcu'lera,  Deu- 
ter'ia,  After-birth,  Secutl'dx,  SecundS use,  (F.) 
Arriere-faix,  Secondines,  D&Uvrc.  All  that  re- 
mains in  the  uterus,  after  the  birth  of  the  child, 
—  viz.  the  placenta,  a  portion  of  the  umbilical 
cord,  and  the  membranes  of  the  ovum.  These 
are,  commonly,  not  expelled  till  some  time  after 


the  birth  of  the  foetus;  hence  their  name.     See 
Delivranrc. 

SECUNDUS  PROPRIORUM  AURICU- 
LAE, Retrahens  auris. 

SEDANTIA,  Sedatives. 

SED'ATIVES,  Pauonta,  Sedan'tia,  Adec'ta, 
(F.)  Calmants,  Temperants,  from  sedo,  'I  settle 
or  assuage.'  Medicines  which  directly  depress 
the  vital  forces,  and  which  are  consequently 
employed  whenever  it  is  necessary  to  diminish 
preternaturally  increased  action.  The  chief 
reputed  sedatives  are:  Acidum  Hydrocyani- 
enm,  Acidum  Hydro  sulphuricum,  Tabacurn, 
Missio  Sanguinis,  and  certain  gases  by  inhala- 
tion, as  azote,  carbonic  acid,  (?)  carburetted 
and  sulphuretted  hydrogen. 

SEDEM  ATTOLLENS,  Levator  ani. 

SEDES,  Anus,  Excrement — s.  Procidua, 
Proctocele. 

SEDIMENT,  Sedimen'lum.  Same  etymon. 
(F.)  Ddpot-  A  deposit,  formed  by  the  precipi- 
tation of  some  one  or  more  of  the  substances 
held  in  solution  or  suspension  by  a  liquid. 
That  which  is  formed  in  urine,  at  the  time  of 
coolinir,  has  been  called  Hypostasis,  Hypostt'- 
ma,  Resiclen'tia,  Subsiden'lia,  (P.)  Vfpot  de 
/'urine.  This  sediment  or  deposit  varies  in 
different  states  of  the  system.  In  calculous 
affections,  it  is  one  of  the  most  important  ob- 
jects of  attention. 

SEDLITZ,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF  Seid- 
lilz.  Seidschutz  or  Seydsch'iitz  water.  Springs 
in  Bohemia,  near  Prague,  which  are  simple  sa- 
lines. They  contain  a  large  quantity  of  sul- 
phate of  magnesia,  a  little  sulphate  of  soda  and 
sulphate  of  lime,  carbonic  acid,  carbonates  of 
lime  and  magnesia,  and  a  resinous  matter.  (?) 
They  are  employed,  as  purgatives,  in  a  multi- 
tude of  diseases. 

Sedlitz  Powders  may  !>e  formed  of  Soda 
tartarizata  ,^ij,  Sodae  carbon.  Qij,  in  one  paper; 
Acid  tartaric,  gr.  xxxv,  in  another.  For  half  a 
pint  of  water. 

SEDOJV  BRULAXT,  Sedum— s.  Reprise,  Se- 
dnm  telephium. 

SEDUM.  Sedum  acre,  llled'ebra,  Udkd'ebra, 
Vermiciila'ris,  Piper  mvra'le,  Sedum  minus, 
Sempervi'vum  acre.  Wall  pepper,  Stone  crop, 
Biting  Stone  crop,  Small  Hon  select,  Aei'chryson, 
JEo'nion,  (F.)  Joubarbc  Acre,  Orpin  brulai 
miculaire  brulante,  Sedon  brwant.  Family, 
Crassulaceae.  Sex.  Syst.  Decandria  Pentagy- 
nia.  In  its  recent  state,  it  is  very  acrid,  and 
proves  both  emetic  and  cathartic.  Externally, 
in  the  form  of  cataplasm,  it  produces  vesica- 
tions and  erosions.  It  has  been  recommended 
in  cancerous  and  malignant  ulcers. 

Sedum,  Saxifraga  granulata — s.  Majus,  Sem- 
pervivum  tectorum — s.  Minus,  Sedum. 

Sedum  Tele'phiuh,  Faha  crassa,  Cras'sula, 
C.  Major,  Vlec"ebra  major,  Tck'phium,  Faba'ria 
cras'sula,  Anacamp'seros,  Orpine,  (F.)  Sedon 
reprise,  Grand  orpin,  Fere  epaisse,  Joubarbe  des 
vignes,  &c.  Formerly  used  as  a  cataplasm  in 
cuts,  hemorrhoids,  corns,  whitlows,  <fcc. 

SEED,  Sperm. 

SEGRAY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Near 
Pithiviers,  in  Galinnis,  in  the  French  depart- 
ment of  Loiret,  there  is  a  chalybeate  spring, 
which  has  some  reputation. 

SEIDL1TZ,  Sedlitz. 

SEIDSCH17PZ,  Sedlitz. 

SEIGLE,  Secale— 5.  Ergotee,  Ergot. 


SE1.V 


G77 


SEMI-MEMBHANOSUS 


SEIN,  Uterus,  see  Mamma. 

SEIRIASIS,  Coup  de  so/eit. 

SEKISKAYAVODKA,  see  Spirit. 

SEL,  Salt — s.  Admirable  de  Lemery,  Magne- 
sia sulphas — s.  Admirable  perle,  Soda,  phos- 
phate of — .9.  de  Cuisine,  Soda,  muriate  of — s.  de 
Dtrosnc,  Narcotine — s.  d'Egra,  Magnesia;  sul- 
phas— s.  d' Opium,  Narcotine—  s.  de  Satanic, 
Plumbi  superacetas— s.  de  Verre,  see  Vitrum— 
s.  Volatil  d'  Anglcterrc,  Ammonia  carbonas. 

SELAGO,  Camphorosma  Monspeliaca. 

SELENE,  Moon. 

SELENIAS1S,  Somnambulism. 

SELEMASMUS,  Somnambulism. 

SELENOGAMIA,  Somnambulism. 

SELERY,  Apium  graveolens. 

SELF-HEAL,  Prunella. 

SELI'BRA,  Sembella,  half  a  pound.  Six 
ounces,  Troy;  eight,  Avoirdupois. 

SELINl'TES,  o-SAiriTijf.  Wine  impregnated 
with  the  seeds  of  the  a-tXtrov  or  smallage. — 
Dioscorides. 

SELLA,  S.  turcica— s.  Equina,  S.  turcica— s. 
Sphenoidalis,  S.  turcica. 

Sella  Tur'cica,  Ephip'pium,  Fossa  Pituita'- 
ria,  Turkish  Saddle,  Cella  Tur'eica,  Sella,  S. 
cqui'na  seu  sphenoidal  is,  (F.)  Selle  Turcique  ou 
du  Turc.  A  depression  at  the  upper  surface  of 
the  sphenoid  bone,  which  is  bounded,  ante- 
riorly and  posteriorly,  by  the  clinoid  processes; 
and  lodges  the  pituitary  gland.  It  is  so  called 
from  its  resemblance  to  a  Turkish  saddle. 

Sella  Turcica,  Pituitaria  fossa. 

SELLE  TURCIQUE,  Sella  turcica— s.  du 
Turc,  Sella  turcica. 

SELS  NEUTRES,  Neutral  salts. 

SELTZ  or  SELTZER,  MINERAL  WA- 
TERS OF.  Cold,  acidulous  springs,  the  source 
of  which  is  at  Seltz,  nine  leagues  from  Stras- 
burg,  and  in  the  Department  of  the  Bas-Rhin. 
They  contain  carbonntes  of  lime,  magnesia, 
and  soda,  chloride  of  sodium,  and  much  car- 
bonic acid.  They  are  refrigerant,  tonic,  diure- 
tic, and  aperient. 

Artificial  Seltzer  Water  may  be  made 
from  muriut.  acid.  gr.  xxxv,  water  Oj,  white  mar- 
ble, gr.  iij.  Stop  up  till  dissolved.  Add  car- 
bonate of  Magnesia,  gr.  v,  and,  after  some  time, 
subcarbonate  of  soda,  gr.  xxxij.  Close  it  till 
used. 

SEMBELLA,  Selibra. 

SEMECARPUS  ANACARDIUM,  Avicen- 
nia  tomentosa. 

SEMEIOL'OGY,  Semeiot'icS,-  Semiology,  or 
Semiotice,  from  <ttjueiov,  'a  symptom,'  and  ?.oyog, 
'a  discourse.'  (F.)  Semeiotique.  The  branch 
of  pathology  whose  object  is  the  doctrine  of 
the  siffns  of  disease. 

SE.MEION  BOETHEMATICUM,  Indica- 
tion. 

SEMEIOSIS,  Semeiology. 

SEMEIOTIQUE,  Semeiology. 

SEMEN,  Sperm— s.  Badian,  Ulicium  anisa- 
tum — s.  Cince,  Artemisia  santonica — s.  Contra, 
Artemisia  santonica — s  Contra  vermes,  Arte- 
misia santonica— s.  Masculinum  seu  virile, 
seu  genitale,  Sperm — s.  Muliebre,  Sperm  (of 
the  female)— s.  Sanctum,  Artemisia  santonica 
— s.  Zedoariie,  Artemisia  santonica. 

SEMENTINA,  Artemisia  santonica. 

SEMI,  from  Stfttrv,  'half.'  Semi  or  demi,  in 
composition,  universally  signifies  'half;'  both 
in  French  and  English. 


SEMICIRCULI  OSSE1,  Semicircular  ca- 
nals. 

SEMICIRCULAR,  Semicircuh'ris.  That 
which  represents  the  half  of  a  circle. 

Semicircular  Canals,  Cana'les  semicircular 
res  seu  tubseformes  seu  circula'rcs,  Semicir'c.uli 
ossei,  Funes  seu  Canalic'uli  semi- annul  a' res, 
(F.)  Canuvx  demi-circuluires,  are  seated  in  the 
pars  petrosa  of  the  temporal  bone,  and  open  into 
the  vestibule,  behind  which  they  are  situate. 
They  are  three  in  number,  of  which  one  is  su- 
perior or  vertical,-  another  posterior  or  oblique; 
and  the  third  exterior  or  horizontal.  Their  pa- 
rietes  are  formed  of  a  bony,  compact,  hard  plate. 
Their  uses  in  audition  are  not  known:  at  their 
termination  they  have  the  elliptical  arrange- 
ments, called  ampuHlse;  and  by  both  extremi- 
ties they  open  into  the  vestibule,  in  the  sac  at 
its  superior  part — the  Sad  cuius  Ellip'tir.us,  M- 
veus  commu'nis,  Utricle,  Sinus  or  Alteus  ulri- 
culo'svs,  Sacculus  vestibuli  or  Median  sinus.  In 
front  of  the  S.  ellipticus,  nearer  the  cochlea, 
and  opposite  the  foramen  ovale,  is  the  Sad  cuius 
spher'icus  or  sacculus. 

SEMICON'GIUS.  Haifa  gallon,  or  four  pints. 

SEMICU'BIUM,  Semicupium, Inses' sio,  Inces'- 
sio,  Encailtis'ma ,  (q.  v.)  Excathis'ma,  (F.)  Demi- 
bain,  from  semi, '  half,'  and  cubaie, '  to  lie  down.' 
A  half-bath,  or  such  as  receives  only  the  hips 
or  extremities. 

Semicupium,  Bath,  half  Semi-cubium — Semi- 
fibulaius',  Peronanis  brevis — Semi-interosseus 
indicis,  Abductor  indicis — Semi-interosseus  pol- 
licis,  Opponens  pollicis. 

SEMILU'NAR,  Semibarn'ris,  (F.)  Demi-lu- 
naire  ou  Scmi-lunuire,  from  semi,  'half,'  and 
luna,  'the  moon.'  Having  the  shape  of  a  half- 
moon. 

Semilunar  Cartilages,  or  Semilunar  fibro- 
cartilages,  are  two  fibro-cartilages,  which  exist 
between  the  condyles  of  the  os  femoris  and  the 
articular  surfaces  of  the  tibia.  The  innermost, 
which  is  longer  from  before  to  behind  than 
transversely,  is  nearly  semicircular.  The  out- 
ermost forms  almost  an  entire  circle;  an  ar- 
rangement, in  both  cases,  corresponding  to  the 
different  surfaces  of  the  tibia.  They  are  thicker 
at  their  outer  circumference,  which  is  convex, 
than  at  the  inner,  which  is  concave  and  very 
thin.  Both  are  inserted,  before  and  behind, 
into  the  spine  of  the  tibia,  by  means  of  fibrous 
fascia;. 

Semilunar  Ganglion, — Ganglion  abdomina'- 
le  seu  splanch' nicum  seu  transzer'sum  seu  so- 
la'rl,  G.  svrrcnal ,  (Ch.,)  belongs  to  the  great 
sympathetic.  These  ganglia  present  conside- 
rable variety,  and  are  deeply  situate  in  the  ab- 
domen, above  and  behind  the  supra-renal  cap- 
sules. They  correspond,  posteriorly,  to  the 
pillars  of  the  diaphragm  and  the  aorta.  They 
have  the  shape  of  a  crescent  reversed,  often 
surrounded  by  other  ganglia  of  a  smaller  size. — 
From  their  periphery  the  numerous  filaments 
proceed,  which  go  to  the  formation  of  the  solar 
plexus. 

Semilunar  Valves,  Sigmoid  valves— s. 
Masculatus,  Eunuch. 

SEMI-MEMB R ANO'SUS,  Ischio-popliti-fe- 
moral,  Ischio-popliti-tibial,  (Ch.,)  (F.)  Dcmi- 
membraneux.  A  muscle  situate  at  the  posterior 
part  of  the  thigh.  It  is  flat,  thin,  narrow,  and 
aponeurotic  in  its  upper  third;  broader  and 
fleshy  in  the  middle,  and  tendinous  below.    It 


SEMINERVOSUS 


G78 


SENEGAL,  GUM 


is  attached  above  to  the  tuberosity  of  the  ischi-   seeds.   The  ancients  gave  this  name  to  the  aeedfl 
um;  and  below— by  a  tendon,  which  has  three  .  of  the  lettuce,  purslane,  endive,  and  chicory. 
divisions-to  the  outer  condyle  of  the  femur,  j      SEMINAL  GRANULES,  see  Granule. 


SEM1NALIS,  Spermatic. 
SEMINIFEROUS,  from  semen >  'sperm,'  and 


and  to  the  posterior  and  inner  part  of  the  inter- 
nal tuberosity  of  the  tibia.     This  muscle  is  a  . 

rotator  inwa.ds,and  a  flexor  of  the  leg.     It  caR  \fero,  'I  carry,     Spermatoph  orous      An  epithet 
also  bend  the  taiffh  upon  the  leg.     In  standing,    given  to  the  vessels  which  secrete  and  convey 


igh  up 

it  maintains  the  pelvis  in  position,  and  can  even 
dravv  it  downwards. 

SEMINERVOSUS,  Semi-tendinosus— Semi- 
orbicularis,  Orbicularis  oris— Semi- pestis,  Ty- 
phus. 

SEMISEXTUM,  Hemiecton. 

SEMISICIL'ICUS.  A  weight  of  one  drachm 
or  three  scruples.—  Rhodius. 

SEMISPEC'ULUM.  An  instrument  vised 
for  dilating  the  incision  made  into  the  neck  of 
the  bladder  in  the  operation  of  lithotomy.— Fa- 
bricius  Hildanus. 

SEMISPINA'LIS  COLLI,  Transver'so-spina- 
Us  Colli,  Spinalis  cervi'cis,  Spinalis  Colli,  Trans- 
versu'lis    Colli,    Transversospinal,    (F.)    Demi- 


the  seminal  fluid. 

SEMIOLOGY,  SemeioWy. 

SEMIOTICE  FACIEI,  Physiognomy. 

SEMPERVIVUM  ACRE,  Sedum. 

SEMOLl'NA,  Manna  croup.  This  may  be 
made  by  grinding  wheat  in  an  apparatus,  sepa- 
rating the  flour  from  the  middlings:  dressing 
the  latter  four  different  times  in  a  bolting  mill, 
and  sifting  through  parchment  sieves,  until  the 
product  is  perfectly  treed  from  bran.  In  l'oland 
it  is  called  Cracow  groats. 

Semolina  is  generally  imported  into  England 
from  the  Baltic,  and  in  Russia  is  said  to  be  ma- 
nufactured from  buckwheat.  It  has  a  granular 
form  like  some  kinds  of  oatmeal,  a  dingy  white 
colour,  a  farinaceous,  somewhat  insipid,  taste, 


epinenx  ou  transcersaire-epineux  du  cou.     This  i  .in(j  j8'we]|  adapted  for  the  diet  of  children  af- 
muscle  arises  from  the  transverse  processes  of  |  fec 


the  six  uppermost  dorsal  vertebra,  by  an  equal 
number  of  distinct  tendons,  which  run  ob- 
liquely under  the  complexus,  and  is  inserted 
in  the  spinous  processes  of  all  the  cervical 
vertebra,  except  the  first  and  last.  Its  action 
is,  lo  extend  the  neck  obliquely  backwards  and 
to  one  side. 

Semispinals  Dorsi,  Semi-spinalis  exler'nus, 
Transver'so-spinalis  dorsi,  Semi-spin  a' t  us,  (Rio- 
Ian,)  Transversospinal,  (F.)  Dcmi-epineux  du 
dos,  Transversaire-epineux  du  dos.  This  mus- 
cle arises  from  the  transverse  processes  of  the 
seventh,  eighth,  ninth,  and  tenth  dorsal  verte- 
bra, by  as  many  distinct  tendons,  which  soon 
grow  fleshy;  and  then,  again,  become  tendi- 
nous, and  are  inserted  into  the  spinous  pro- 
cesses of  the  sixth  or  seventh  uppermost  dor- 
sal, and  two  lowest  cervical  vertebrae,  by  as 
many  tendons.  Its  action  is,  to  extend  the 
spine  obliquely  backwards. 

Semispinals  Externus,  Semi-spinalis  dorsi 
— s.  Internus,  Transversalis  dorsi — s.  Spinatus, 
Longissimus  dorsi,  Semi-spinalis  dorsi. 

SEMITENDINO'SUS,  Semi-nervo'sus,  Ischio- 
crcti-tiliiul,  Ischio-prctibiul,  (Ch.,)  (F.)  Demi- 
tendineux.  This  muscle  is  situate  at  the  poste- 
rior part  of  the  thigh.  It  extends  obliquely 
downwards  and  inwards,  from  the  tuberosity  of 
,the  ischium— to  which  it  is  attached  by  a  flat 
tendon,  common  to  it  and  the  biceps — as  far  as 
the  posterior  and  inner  part  of  the  tibia,  to  which 
it  is  attached  by  means  of another  round  tendon. 
Its  fibres  are  commonly  interrupted  by  an  apo- 
neurosis. Its  uses  are  the  same  as  those  of  the 
semi- membra  nosus. 

SEMiTERTIANA,Hemitrita;a— s.Tierce,He- 
mitritaea— s.  Vir,  Eunuch. 

SEMIL'LA  DEL  GUACHARO.  Various 
kinds  of  hard  and  dry  fruits,  found  in  the  sto- 
machs of  the  young  Guacharoes,  a  sort  of  noc- 
turnal bird.  The  fruits  are  a  celebrated  South 
American  remedy  in  ague. 

SE'MIN  A  FR1G"1L)A  MAJO'RA.  The  greater 
cold  seeds  The  ancients  gave  this  name  to  the 
emulsive  seeds  of  the  cucumber,  melon,  gourd, 
and  water-melon. 


ted  with  derangement  of  the  bowels. 
SEMPERVl'VUM  TECTO'RUM,  House- 
Leek,  Sedum,  majus,  A'izoon,  Beiulialalen,  Bupli- 
thalmus,  Burba  Jovis,  Sen  green,  Agriociulura, 
Andrachulmra,  Clnysope/murn,  (F.)  Jouliarbe 
des  toits.  The  leaves  have  a  mild,  subacid  aus- 
terity, and  are  often  applied  to  bruises  and  old 
ulcers. 

SEMUNCIA,  Hemiungion. 
SENA,  Cassia  senna. 

SEKE,  Cassia  senna — s.  d'Am'erigue,  Cassia 
Marilandica — s.  Faux,  Colutea  arborescens. 

SENE'CIO,  S.  rulgu'ris,  Erig"erum,  Cor' talon, 
Erigcron,  Groundsel,  Fireweed,  (F.)  Scnecon 
common.  Family, Corymbiferte.  Sex.  Syst.  Syn- 
genesiaPolygamia  Superflua.  A  common  plant 
in  Europe;  frequently ,  applied,  bruised,  to  in- 
flammations and  ulcers,  as  refrigerant  and  anti- 
scorbutic. 

Senecio  Jacobje'a,  Jacoboz'a,  St.  James'  Wort, 
Ragwort,  (F.)  Jacobee.  The  leaves  have  a  rough- 
ish,  bitter,  subacid,  and  extremely  nauseous 
taste.  A  decoction  has  been  used  in  dysentery. 
A  poultice  of  the  leaves  has  been  recommended 
in  rheumatic  affections;  and  a  decoction  of  the 
root  has  often  been  employed  in  cases  of  wounds 
and  bruises. 

SEKECON  COMM.VK,  Senecio. 

SENEC'TA  AN'GUIUM.  The  cast-skin  of  a 
serpent.  A  decoction  of  it  is  said  lo  cure  deaf- 
ness! 

SENEC'TUS,  from  senere,  '  to  be  old.'  Geras, 
JEtas  mala.  Old  age,  (F.)  Ficil/esse.  The  last 
period  of  life,  commencing,  according  tc  some, 
at  60  years  of  age,  but^  varying  according  to 
numerous  circumstances.  It  is  cbarac.erized 
by  the  progressive  diminution  of  the  physical 
and  moral  faculties. 

Sknfctus  Ultima,  Decrepitude. 

SENEGA,  Polvgala  senega. 

SEN'EGAL,  GUM.  The  exudation  from  the 
Mimo'sa  Senegal,  Family,  Leguminosa,  Sex. 
Syst.  Polygamia  Monoccia,  which  grows  in  the 
country  of  Africa,  through  which  the  river 
Senegal  runs,  it  is  in  loose  or  single  drops, 
much  larger  than  Gum  Arabic, or  the  gum  which 
exudes  from  the  cherry  tree;  and  is  much  more 


Semina   Frigida   Minora.    The  lesser  cold    difficult  of  solution  than  the  former. 


SENEGINE 


679 


SEPTUM  MED i AX 


SENEGINE,  see  Polygala  senega. 

BENEKA,  1'olygala  senega. 

SENEV&,  Sinapis. 

SENGREEN,  Sempervivum  tectorum. 

SENNA,  Cassia  senna — s.  Alexandrina,  Cas- 
sia senna — s.  American,  Cassia  Marilandica— s. 
Bladder,  Colutea  arborescens— s.  Essence  of, 
prepared,  Se  I  way's,  see  Infusum  sennae  compo- 
situm — s.  llalica,  Cassia  senna — s.  Wild,  Cas- 
sia Marilandica. 

SEjVS,  Sense. 

SENSA'T  iON,  Sensa'tio,  from  sentire,sensum, 
♦to  feel,  JEsthe'ma.  An  impression,  caused  by 
external  bodies  on  the  organs  of  the  senses, 
and  transmitted  to  the  brain,  which  appreciates 
it.  It  is  not  necessarily,  however,  confined  to 
bodies  external  to  us;  for  we  can  receive  an 
impression  by  touching  any  part  of  our  own 
body.  The  body  which  communicates  the  im- 
pressions needs  but  to  be  external  to  the  part 
impressed.  Sensations  are  divided  into  exter- 
nal, internal  and  morbid.  The  external  are 
communicated  by  the  five  organs  of  the  senses. 
The  internal  are  such  as  occur  within  the  body, 
and  arise  from  some  alteration  in  the  function 
of  the  part,  for  the  time  being.  Hunger  and 
thirst  are  internal  sensations,  as  well  as  all  the 
natural  wants.  Morbid  sensations  may  be  either 
internal  or  external. 

SENSE,  Sen* us,  JEslltc'sis.  (F.)  Sens.  Same 
etymon.  A  faculty,  possessed  by  animals,  of 
receiving  impressions  from  external  objects. 
(F.)  Sentiment.  The  senses  are  five  in  number: 
sight,  hearing,  smell,  taste,  and  touch.  Of 
these,  the  fust  two  and  the  last  administer  more 
to  the  intellect;  and.  hence,  have  been  called, 
by  some,  the  intellectual  senses:  the  other  two 
seem  more  destined  for  the  nutrition  of  the 
body;  and,  hence,  have  been  termed  corporeal 
or  nutritive  senses.  Other  senses  have  been 
suggested  —  as  the  intense  sensation  experi- 
enced during  the  venereal  act;  a  sense  of  heat 
and  cold  :  a  muscular  sense,  a  common  sense 
or  ccenaesthesis  (q.  v.,)  &c. 

Senses,  Nervoob  System  of  the,  Medulla 
oblongata. 

SENSIBILITAS  ANOMALA,  see  Irritable 
— s.  Aucta,  see  Irritable — s.  Morbosa,  see  Irri- 
table 

SENSIBIL'ITY,  Sensibil'itas.  Same  etymon. 
JEsiht' ma  The  faculty  of  receiving  impres- 
sions, and  having  the  consciousness  of  them. 
Bichat  defines  it  as  the  property  possessed  by 
living  bodies,  of  receiving  impressions,  whether 
the  individual  be  conscious  of  them  or  not.  In 
the  former  case,  where  conscious,  he  calls  the 
sensibility,  animal:  in  the  latter,  where  not,  he 
terms  it  organic.  This  last  is  common  to  vege- 
tables and  animal  and  presides  over  nutrition, 
absorption,  exhalation,  secretion,  &c.  The- 
other  does  not  exist  in  vegetables:  it  is  the  ori- 
gin of  the  sensn'ions — olfaction,  vision,  gusta- 
tion, audition,  mirst,  hunger,  pain,  &c.  There 
are  lew  parts  of  the  animal  body,  but  what  are 
sensible  — if  not  in  health  — in  disease.  The  free 
extremities  of  the  hair,  and  nails,  and  the  epi- 
dermis are  not  so.     See  Insensibility. 

SENSITORIUM,  Sensorium. 

SENSORIUM,  Senso'rium  cornmu'ne,  Or'ga- 
non  senso'rium  internum,  Scnsito'rium,  Empo' • 
rium  spiriluum,  JEsthcte'rion.  The  common 
centre  of  sensations. 

SENSORY,  Sentient. 


Sensory  Nerves,  are  so  called  in  contradis- 
tinction to  Motor  nerves. 

SENTIENT,  Sentiens,. Sensory.     Feeling. 

Sentient  Extremities  of  Nerves  are  their 
minute  terminations  in  the  organs. 

SEjYTIMEAT,  see  Sense. 

SEPARA/TCRIUM,  from  separo,  'I  separate.' 
A  surgical  instrument,  for  separating  the  peri- 
cranium from  the  skull. 

A  Srp'uratory  —  Vitrum  Hypoclcp'ticum,—  is, 
also,  a  pharmaceutical  vessel  for  separating 
fluids  of  different  densities  from  each  other. 

SE PEDOGENESIS,  Sepedonogenesis. 

SEP  E D O N  OGE N'ESIS,  Sepedugen'esis,  from 
vqntSiav,  '  putrescency,'  and  yirttrit;,  'genera- 
lion.'  A  septic  disposition  or  tendency;  such 
as  is  met  with  in  typhus  gravior. 

SE'PIA,  S.  officinalis,  Senium,  Prsecip'itans 
magnum,  Ctiltlc-Fish,  (F.)  &eche.  The  shell  of 
the  cuttle-fish  has  been  used  as  an  absorbent; 
and  is  often  added  to  tooth  powders. 

SEPLASIA'RIUS.  A  name  formerly  given 
to  those  who  sold  perfumes,  ointments,  «tc.  It 
is  derived  from  Scplasia,  the  name  of  a  public 
place  at  Capua,  where  these  kinds  of  prepara- 
tions were  frequently  sold. 

SEPSIS,  Putrefaction. 

SEP'TENARY,  from  septem,  'seven.'  'Con- 
sisting of  seven.'  The  septenary  years,  of  the 
old  believers  in  critical  periods,  were  limes  at 
which,  it  was  supposed,  important  changes 
might  be  expected  to  take  place.  The  grand 
climacteric  (q.  v.)  was  fixed  at  G3,  and  it  was 
considered  that  if  a  person  passed  that  age,  he 
had  well-founded  expectations  that  his  life 
might  lie  protracted  to  90. 

SEPTENN1AD,  Climacteric,  (years.) 

SEPTFOIL,  UPRIGHT,  Tormentilla. 

SEPTIC,  Sep'ticvs,  from  arprttv,  'to  rot.'  That 
which  produces  putrefaction.  A  substance 
which  corrodes  and  disorganizes  the  soft  parts 
without  causing  much  pain. 

SEPTINERVIA,  Plantago. 

SEPTOPY  RA,  Typhus  gravior. 

SEPTUM,  (F.)  Ctoison.  A  part  intended  to 
separate  two  cavities  from  each  other,  or  to  di- 
vide a  principal  cavity  into  several  secondary  cavities. 

These  septa  are  numerous  in  the  human  body. 
The  chief  are  the  following: — 

Septum  Cerebei.li,  Falx  cerebelli — s.  Cere- 
bri, Falx  cerebri — s.  Cochleae  auditorial,  Lamina 
spiralis. 

Septum  Cordis, Septum  medium  cordis.  The 
partition  which  separates  the  two  ventricles  of 
the  heart. 

Septum  Encephali,  Tentorium. 

Septum  Lu'cidum  seu  pellu'vidum,  seu  ten'ue" 
et  pcllucidum  seu  medium  sen  Speculum  lucidum 
sen  Lapis  specula'ris  seu  Media sti'  lum  seu 
Diaphrag'ma  tentriculo'rum  latera'liui,  ■.  cer'ebri, 
Spec'ulum,  Septum  median,  (Ch.)  (F  Cloison 
trunsparcrite.  The  soft  portion  or  medullary 
substance,  which  separates  the  two  lateral  ven- 
tricles of  the  brain  from  each  other.  This  sep- 
tum is  composed  of  two  laminae;  between  which 
a  small  cavity  exists,  filled  by  a  serou3  fluid, 
and  called  the  F'ossa  of  Syl'vius,  5tli  ventricle  of 
Cuvier,  S  nus  of  the  me'diun  septum,  (Ch.)  The 
brothers  Wenzel  are  of  opinion  that  this  cavity 
is  lined  by  a  peculiar  membrane. 

SEPTUM  MEDMjV,  S.  lucidum— s.  Median 
du  rervelet,  Falx  cerebelli— s.  Medium  cerebri, 
S,  lucidum. 


SEPTUM  NARIUM 


680 


SERUM  LACTIS 


Septum  Na'rium,  Inter  septum  seu  Dissep- 
men'tum   seu   Inlirfr'nuun  seu  Diacri'men    sea 

Imbrex  seu  Diapkrug'ma  narium,  (F.)  Cloison 
des  Fosses  nasales.  The  partition  between  the 
nares.  It  is  formed  by  the  vomer,  the  perpen- 
dicular plate  of  the  ethmoid  bone,  and  a  carti- 
lage of  a  triangular  shape.  These  parts  are 
lined  by  the  pituitary  membrane,  which  receives 
a  considerable  number  of  nerves  and  vessels. 

Septum  Parvum  Occipitai.e,  Falx  cerebelli 
— s.  Pellucidum,  S.  lucidum — s.  Scalae,  Lamina 
spiralis— s.  Staphylin,  Velum  pendulum  palati 
— s.  Tenue  et  pellucidum,  S.  lucidum — s.  Tho- 
racis, Mediastinum — s.  Transverse,  Tentorium 
— s.  Transversum,  Diaphragm — s.  Vestibuli  ner- 
voso-membranaceum,  see  Labyrinth. 

SEQUES'TRUM,  from  seqvcs'tro,  T  separate.' 
The  portion  of  bone,  in  necrosis,  which  is  dead, 
and  separated  from  the  living  bone;  acting, 
whilst  retained,  as  an  extraneous  body.  When 
the  sequestrum  is  superficial  and  small,  it  is 
called  Exfoliation,  (q.  v.) 

SERA  PIN  ON,  Sagapenum. 

SERAPJUM,  Syrup. 

SERBET,  Scherbet. 

SERTCUM,  Silk,  from  .Seres— the  Thibetans 
probably — from  whom  it  was  first  obtained. 
(F.)  Sole.  The  thread  spun  by  the  Dombyx 
Moriyov  Silkworm.  Silk  is  used  by  surgeons 
for  ligatures,  &c. 

Sekicum  Anglicum,  see  Sparadrapum  ad- 
hsesivum. 

S&RIEUX,  Serious. 

SERIJVGUE,  Syringe. 

SE'RIOUS,  (F.)  Scrieux,  Grave.  A  term  ap- 
plied todiseasesand  symptomsthat  are  attended 
with  danger. 

SERIS,  Cichorium  intybus. 

SERMOUlNTAIN,  Laserpitium  album. 

SERO-COL1TIS,  see  Colitis. 

SERO-HEPATITIS,  see  Hepatitis. 

SEROLIN,  from  serum,  'whey.'  A  fatty 
matter  detected  in  the  blood  by  Boudet,  Lecanu, 
Sanson,  and  others. 

SiiROSITE,  Serum. 

SEROSITY,  Serum. 

SEROUS,  Sero'sus,  (F.)  Sereux.  Thin ;  watery ; 
relating  to  the  most  watery  portion  of  animal 
fluids.     See  Serum. 

Serous  Membranes,  Membranes,  serous. 

SERPEDO,  Psoriasis. 

SERPENT,  Serpens,  Anguis,  Ophis,-  from 
serpo,  'I  creep.'     A  snake. 

Snake  Broth,  was,  at  one  time,  recom- 
mended as  a  restorative. 

Many  serpents  are  venomous:  and  the  bites 
of  some  fatal.     See  Poisons,  (Table  of.) 

SERPE.NTA1RE  NOIRE,  Acta?a  racempsa. 

SERPENTARIA,  Aristolochia  serpentaria— 
s.  Minor,  Arum  maculatum— s.  Gallorum,  Arum 
dracunculus — s.  Hispanica,  Scorzonera — s.  Ni- 
gra, Actsca  racemosa. 

SERPENTARI/E  BRAZILIENSIS  RADIX, 
Caincae  radix. 

SERPENTINE,  Ophites. 

SERPENTINUS,  Ophites. 

SERPIGINOUS,  from  scrpere,  'to  creep.' 
An  epithet  given  to  certain  affections,  which 
creep,  as  it  were,  from  one  part  to  another, — 
'Serpiginous  erysipelas,'  (F.)  llrysipele  serptgi- 
neux. 

SERPIGO,  Herpes  circinatus,  Lichen  Pso- 
riasis. 


SERPOLET,  Thymus  serpyllum. 

SERPYLLUM,  Thymus  serpyllum— s.  Ci- 
tratum,  see  Thymus  serpyllum. 

SERRA,  Saw. 

SERRAT'ULA  AMA'RA,  Family,  Cynaro- 
cephalea?.  Sex.  Syst.  Syngenesia  Polygamia 
aequalis.  A  species  of  Saicicort,  recommended 
in  atrue. 

SERRATUS  ANTICUS  MINOR,  Pectoralis 
minor — s.  Major,  Serratus  magnus. 

Serra'tus  Magnus.  So  called  from  its  ser- 
rated appearance  ;  from  scrra,  'a  saw.'  Serra- 
tus major  anti'cus,  Sejratus  major,  Costo-hasi- 
scapulaire,  Costo-scapnlaire,  (Ch.,)  (F.)  Grand 
d.tnteli.  A  very  broad  (especially  anteriorly,) 
thin,  flat,  irregularly  quadrilateral  muscle,  situ- 
ate at  the  sides  of  the  thorax.  It  is  attached, 
before,  to  the  external  surface  of  the  first  8  or 
9  ribs,  by  as  many  distinct  digitations;  and,  be- 
hind, to  the  spinal  edge  of  the  scapula.  The 
superior  fibres  are  almost  horizontal;  the  lower 
become  gradually  more  and  more  oblique  up- 
wards and  backwards.  This  muscle  carries  the 
scapula  forwards,  and  causes  it  to  execute  a 
movement  of  rotation,  which  directs  its  infe- 
rior angle  forwards,  and  the  anterior  upwards. 
When  the  shoulder  is  fixed,  it  raises  the  ribs. 

Serratus  Posti'cus  Inferior,  Dorso-lnmbo- 
costal,  Lombo-costal,  (Ch.,)  (F.)  Fetit  dentcle 
posterieur  et  inferieur.  A  broader  and  thinner 
muscle  than  the  following,  but  nearly  of  the 
same  shape.  It  is  situate  obliquely  at  the 
lower  part  of  the  back;  and  extends  from  the 
spinous  processes  of  the  last  two  or  three  dor- 
sal vertebrae,  and  the  first  two  or  three  lumbar, 
to  the  inferior  margin  of  the  last  four  false 
ribs.  This  muscle  depresses  the  ribs,  and  thus 
concurs  in  expiration.  It  is  an  antagonist  to 
the  next. 

Serratus  Posti'cus  Supe'rior,  Cervi'ci- 
dorso-costal,  Dorso-costal,  (Ch.,)  (F.)  Petit  den- 
tele  supirieur.  A  flat,  thin  quadrilateral  mus- 
cle; situate  obliquely  at  the  posterior  inferior 
part  of  the  neck,  and  the  superior  part  of  the 
back.  It  passes  from  the  posterior  cervical  liga- 
ment, the  spinous  process  of  the  last  cervical 
vertebra  ;  from  the  spinous  processes  of  the 
first  two  or  three  dorsal,  to  the  second,  third, 
fourth,  and  fifth  ribs;  into  which  it  is  inserted 
by  as  many  digitations.  It  raises  the  ribs,  and 
is,  consequently,  an  inspiratory  muscle. 

SERTULA  CAMPANA,Trifolium  melilotus. 

SERUM,  Sperm. 

Serum,  '  whey.'  Orrhos,  Seros'ity,  (F.)  Serosite. 
The  most  watery  portion  of  animal  fluids,  ex- 
haled by  serous  membranes.  It  is  a  constituent 
part  of  blood,  milk,  &.c. 

Sehum  of  the  Blood,  H&'mydor,  (F.)  Scrum 
du  Sung,  is  the  liquid  which  separates  from  the 
blood,  when  coagulated  at  rest.  It  is  of  a 
greenish-yellow  colour;  viscid,  slightly  coagu- 
lable  by  heat,  acids,  and  alcohol.  It  is  com- 
posed of  water;  chloride  of  sodium;  certain 
phosphates;  and  albumen,  constantly  united  to 
soda,  almost  in  a  saponaceous   combination. 

The  fluid  which  exudes  from  the  albumen  of 
the  serum  of  the  blood,  when  coagulated  by 
heat,  is  by  some  called  scrosily. 

SERUM  DU  SANG,  S.  of  the  blood. 

Serum  Lactis;  the  Serum  of  Milk,  Whey, 
(F.)  Serum  du  lait,  (q.  v.)  Petit  hit.  That  part 
of  milk,  from  which  the  butter  and  caseous 
matter  have  been  separated.     It  is  a  transpa- 


'SERUM  LACTIS  HOFFMANNI 


681 


SEXTULA 


rent,  citrine-coloured  liquid,  containing  sugar 
of  milk,  mucilage,  acetic  acid,  phosphate  of 
lime,  and  some  other' saline  substances.  It  is 
used  as  a  slightly  nutritious  diluent  and  refri- 
gerant. 

Serum  Lactis  Hoffman'ki,  (F.)  Pctit-lait 
d'Hofmann,  is  a  name  given  to  the  liquid,  re- 
sulting from  treating  with  boiling  water,  milk 
which  has  been  evaporated  to  an  almost  solid 
consistence.    It  is  not  much  used. 

Rennet  Whey  is  made  thus:  milk  2  pints; 
rennet  §ss,  infused  in  a  little  hot  water;  mix 
and  keep  in  a  gentle  heat  for  some  hours,  then 
strain. —  Gray. 

Serum  of  Serous  Membranes,  Serum  mem- 
branarum  serosa'rum,  Water  of  Dropsy,  (F.)  Si- 
rum  des  membranes  sercuses,  Eau  des  hydro- 
piques.  It  resembles  the  serum  of  the  blood, — 
especially  in  cases  of  hydrocele.  The  water  of 
hydrothorax  and  ascites  contains  much  less 
albumen  : — sometimes,  enough  to  coagulate  on 
the  application  of  heat:  at  others,  not. 

SERVICE,  MOUNTAIN,  Sorbus  acuparia— 
e.  Tree,  Sorbus  domestica. 

SERVIETTE  EN  CARRE,  Couvrechcf. 
SES'AMOID,  Sesamol'des,  Sesamo'des,  Sesa- 
moideus,  from  cya-apy,  'a  grain  of  sesamum,' 
and  nS:c,  'resemblance.' 

Sesamoid  Bones  are  small  bones,  situate  in 
the  substance  of  tendons,  near  certain  joints. 
Their  number  is  various.  They  are  commonly 
more  in  the  male  than  female.  Two  are  con- 
stantly met  with  beneath  the  metatarso-pha- 
langal  articulations  of  the  great  toe.  Some- 
times, the  articulations  of  other  bones  of  the 
metatarsus  with  the  phalanges  of  the  toes  have 
them  likewise.  In  the  hand,  there  are  two  be- 
fore the  rnetacarpo-phalangal  joint  of  the  thumb. 
At  times,  they  are  met  with  in  the  other  rneta- 
carpo-phalangal articulations.  Occasionally, 
two  exist  behind  the  condyles  of  the  femur, 
in  the  tendons  of  the  gastrocnemii  muscles.  A 
considerable  os  sesamoideum  is  also  met  with 
in  the  tendon  of  the  peronasus  longus.  These 
bones  are  commonly  round,  and  flattened  only 
on  one  surface,  which  is  incrusted  with  carti- 
lage. Their  size  is  very  variable,  according  to 
the  joints  in  which  they  exist.  Traces  of  sesa- 
moid bones  are  not  observed  in  infants:  in 
them,  they  are  replaced  by  small,  cartilaginous 
concretions.  They  are  developed  by  a  single 
point  of  ossification;  and  are,  like  the  patella 
(which  is  a  true  sesamoid  bone,)  composed  of 
much  cellular  substance,  covered  by  a  thin 
layer  of  compact  tissue.  The  use  of  these  bones 
is, —  to  allow  the  tendon  to  be  inserted  into  the 
lever  at  a  greater  angle;  and  thus  enable  the 
power  to  act  more  advantageously. 

Riolan  has  given  the  name  Ossa  sesamo'idea 
to  two  bony  points  sometimes  met  with; — the 
one  at  the  outer  side  of  the  carotid  canal  of  the 
temporal  bone;  and  the  other  at  the  edge  of  the 
cavernous  sinus,  at  the  side  of  the  internal  ca- 
rotid artery. 

SESAMUM,  see  Sesamum  orientale. 
Ses'amum  Orienta'le,  Bcnne,  Oily  Grain. 
The  seeds  of  this  African  plant  are  cultivated 
in  Georgia  and  South  Carolina,  where  the  ne- 
groes use  them  with  Indian  corn  as  an  article 
of  food.  They  yield  a  larger  proportion  of  oil 
than  any  other  vegetable;  one  hundred  weight 
producing  ninety  pounds  of  oil,  which  is,  at 
least,  equal  to  Florence  oil. 
44 


The  Benne  Oil,  Oleum  Ses'ami,  is  used  in  the 
southern  States  as  a  laxative.  The  leaves — Se- 
samum (Ph.  U.  S.)— afford,  by  infusion,  an  ex- 
cellent mucilage. 

SESCUJN'CIA,  Sesquiun'cia,  Hemiolion,  An 
ounce  and  a  half.     See  Sesqui. 

SESELI,  Laserpitium  siler — s.  iEgopodium, 
Ligusticum  podagraiia — s.  Creticum,  Tordylum 
officinale — s.  des  Pres,  Peucedanum  silaus. 

Ses'eli  Tortuo'sum,  Sescli  Massilien'se,  Hart- 
toort  of  Marseilles.  The  seeds  have  a  warm 
taste;  and  a  greater  degree  of  pungency  than 
those  of  the  Laserpitium  Siler,  which  is  the 
Seseli  of  the  Pharmacopoeias. 

SESQUI.  This  word,  joined  with  any  num- 
ber, weight,  measure,  &c,  signifies  one  and  a 
half;  as  sesquivranum,  'a  grain  and  half.' 
SESQUI  UNOIA,  Sescuncia. 
SETA  EQUl'NA,  'a  horse's  hair."  Hair- 
worm, Hclmin'tkus  Gordii.  A  kind  of  worm, 
found  in  stagnant  water,  from  4  to  6  inches 
long,  and  twisted  into  various  knots  and  con- 
tortions. Colour  pale  brown,  with  dark  extre- 
mities. It  is  common  in  the  intestines  of  the 
Laplanders;  causing  the  Col'ica  Lappon'ica,  in 
which  the  gripings  are,  at  times,  exceedingly 
severe. 

SETA'CEUM,  Seto,  Seton,  from  seta,  <a 
bristle.'  A  long  strip  of  fine  linen  or  cotton 
twist,  passed  through  the  skin  and  cellular 
membrane,  to  keep  up  an  issue  ;  or  through 
suppurating  cavities,  between  the  fragments  of 
fractured  bones,  &c,  to  fulfil  certain  indica- 
tions. The  term  is  also  applied  to  the  issue 
so  established.  The  operation  is  simple.  It 
consists  in  laying  hold  of  a  fold  of  skin,  and 
passing  a  seton  needle  through  it,  with  the 
thread  attached.  Every  day  a  fresh  portion  of 
the  thread  is  drawn  through  the  sore.  Setons 
are  established  in  many  diseases; — in  obstinate 
ophthalmia?,  cephalalgias;  epilepsy,  thoracic  and 
abdominal  affections,  &c;  but  they  are  not  as 
much  used  as  formerly. 

SETFAST,  see  Furunculus. 
SETO,  Setaceum. 
SETON,  Setaceum. 
SEVADILLA,  Veratrum  sabadilla. 
SEVATIO,  Steatoma. 
S&VRAGE,  Weaning. 
SEVUM,  Pinguedo. 

Sevum,  Sebum,  Stear,Adepsovil'li.  Suet,  mut- 
ton suet.     Pinguedo,  (q.  v.) 

Sf.vum  Prjepara'tum,  Sevum,  (Ph.  U.  S.,)  — 
Ovil'li  Sevum  Prxpara'tum  or  prepared  Suet, 
(F.)  Graisse  de  Mouton,  Suif,'  is  formed  by 
cutting  suet  in  pieces;  melting  over  a  slow 
fire,  and  straining  through  linen.  It  is  emol- 
lient, and  is  sometimes  boiled  in  milk,  (s;ij  to 
Oj,)  and  is  used  in  diarrhoea  and  dysentery.  Its 
principal  employment  is  in  the  formation  of 
plasters. 

SEX,  Sexus,  Genos,  Physis.  The  physical 
difference  between  male  and  female  in  animals 
and  vegetables; — as  the  male  sex,  Sexus  pu'tior, 
S.  viri  lis;  the  female  sex,  Sexus  scq'uior,  S.  mu- 
lie'bris,  Alter  Sexus.  In  France,  "the  sex  "  means 
the  female  sex. 

SEXTANS,  Sexta  pars  librae.  The  sixth  part 
of  a  pound. — Galen. 

SEXTA'RIUS.     An  ancient  measure  for  li- 
quid and  solid  substances.     See  Weights  and 
Measures. 
SEX'TULA.    The  sixth  part  of  an  ounce. 


SEXUAL 


C82 


SIDMOUTH,  CLIMATE  OF 


SEX'UAL,  from  semis,  'a  sex.'  That  which 
relates  to  the  sex;  which  characterizes  the  sex 

Sexual  Intercourse,  Coition— s.  Organs, 
Genital  organs. 

Sexual  Organs  are  the  genital  organs;  and 
Sexual  Functions,  the  genital  functions. 

SEYDSCHUTZ  WATER,  Sedlitz  water. 

SHALLOT,  Echalotte. 

SHAMPOO'ING,  Massing,  (F.)  Massage, 
Massement.  A  Hindoo  process,  which  consists 
in  pressing  the  body  of  the  bather  in  a  peculiar 
manner;  cracking  the  various  joints,  and  em- 
ploying blows  and  friction. 

'  Kneading'  consists  in  pressing  alternately 
upon  a  part  of  the  body  to  arouse  the  muscles 
to  more  energetic  action.  It  is  employed  at 
times  in  dyspepsia. 

SHAMROCK,  INDIAN,  Trillium  latifolium 
— s.  Water,  Menyanthes  verna. 

SHEATH.  Vagina. 

SHEEP  POISON,  Kalmia  latifolia. 

SHELL  FLOWER,  Trillium  latifulium— s. 
Liquid,  see  Calcis  murias. 

SHERBET,  Scherbet— s.  Orange,  see  Syru- 
pus  aurantii. 

SHERRY,  Sack,  see  Wine. 

SHIELD,  WATER,  Nelnmbium  luteum. 

SHIN,  O'chrea.  The  spine  or  anterior  part 
of  the  tibia  or  leg.  It  is,  also,  called  Jlnticnc'- 
mion,  and  Crca. 

SHINGLES,  Herpes  zoster. 

SHORT,  Sax  r-eeojiE,  from  rcipan,  'to  cut, 
to  shear,'  shored,  shore7,  short,  (F.)  Court.  A 
word  used,  by  anatomists,  in  opposition  to 
long;  and  to  distinguish  parts  from  each  other 
that  have  otherwise  the  same  name. 

Short  Bones,  for  example,  are  those  in 
which  the  three  dimensions — length,  breadth, 
and  thickness — are  nearly  alike;  such  are  the 
vertebras,  bones  of  the  carpus,  tarsus,  &c. 

SHOTBUSH,  Aralia  spinosa. 

SHOULDER-BLADE,  Scapula. 

SHOVEL  PICKEREL  WELD,  Unisemadel- 
tifolia — s.  Pond.  Unisema  dellifolia. 

SHOW,  see  Parturition. 

SHOW  CHOO,  see  Spirit. 

SHOWER  BATH,  see  Bath. 

SHRUB.  Perhaps  from  Arabic,  skarab,  '  sy- 
rup.' A  compound  of  spirits,  lemon  juice,  and 
sucar. 

S  H  U  D' D  E  RI N G.  Frem'itvs,  Phri/ag'mn, 
from  (G.)  Schauder,  Schauer,  (F.)  Fre- 
missement,  Tressaillcment.  A  peculiar  sensa- 
tion, felt  either  externally  or  internally;  and 
which  seems  to  be  the  result  of  a  spasmodic 
movement  of  the  parts  in  which  it  occurs.  A 
slight  feeling  of  cold  sometimes  accompanies 
it.  It  is,  at  times,  the  result  of  a  moral  cause, 
and  is  often  the  precursor  of  shivering. 

SHUMAC.  Rhus  coriaria. 

SIAGON.  Maxillary  bone. 

SIAGO'NAGRA,  from  <r.ayem<,  'the  jaw,' 
and  uy'ju,  'a  seizure.'  A  gouty  or  rheumatic 
affection  of  the  joint  of  the  lower  jaw. 

SIALACHUS,  Salivation. 

SIAL'AGOGUE,  Sialago'gus,  Sialogogue, 
Piya'agogue,  Ptyas'magogue,  Suli'cart?,  A/>o- 
phfegtnat' isnns  per os,(F .)  Salivant,  from  o-iaHoi, 
'saliva,'  and  ayw,  'I  expel.'  That  which  pro- 
vokes the  secretion  of  saliva.  Pyrethrurn  and 
mercury  are  sialogogues.  Sialagogues  may  be 
of  two  kind's,— those  which  act  through  the  cir- 
culation, and  those  which  act  immediately  on 


the  salivary  organs.  Mercury  belongs  to  the 
former — pyrethrum  to  the  latter  class.  The 
chief  sialagogues  arc  armoracia,  calamus,  meze- 
reum,  pyrethrum,  labacum  and  zingiber. 

SIALISMA,  Salivation. 

SIALOLOG"IA,  from  o-tuXor,  'saliva,'  and 
\oyoc,  'a  discourse.'     A  treatise  on  saliva. 

SIALOLITHI,  Calculi,  Salivary. 

S1ALON,  Saliva. 

SIALORRHCEA,  Salivation. 

SIALOSYRINGES,  Salivary  fistula;. 

SIBARE,  Phrenitis. 

SIBBENS,  Sivvcns,  Framba'sia  Sco'tica.  An 
infectious  disease  in  the  mountainous  parts  of 
Scotland,  viewed  to  be  of  the  venereal  kind. 
Siwin,  in  the  Keltic,  means  raspberry;  and  it  is 
said  that,  in  this  affection,  fungi  appear  like 
raspberries.  From  siwin,  the  inhabitants  have 
made  sievin,  sibbin,  sibbens,  and  sivvens.  By 
some,  this  affection  is  regarded  as  a  complica- 
tion of  the  venereal  and  itch.  In  the  Orkneys, 
sibbens  means  itch. — Jamieson. 

S1BILUS,  Tinnitus  aurium. 

SlCCAN'TIA,from  siccare,  'to  dry.'  Xeran'- 
lica,  (F.)  Siccatifs.    Drying  medicines. — Galen. 

Siccantia,  Desiccativa. 

SICCATIFS,  Siccantia. 

SICCATIO,  Drying. 

SICCHA'SIA,  o,x.-/u<?ia,  'disgust,'  (q.  v.)  A 
distressing  disgust  for  food;  such  as  is  experi- 
enced by  women  with  child. 

SICIL'ICUM.  A  Roman  weight  of  about 
two  drachms. 

SICK,  Sax.  yeoc,  JEger,  JEgro'tus,  JS'os'eros, 
Noso'des,  (F.)  Malade.  Labouring  under  dis- 
ease. Such  is  its  acceptation  in  old  English, 
and  generally  in  the  United  States.  In  Eng- 
land, it  most  commonly  means  disorder  of  the 
stomach, — nausea. 

SICKLY,  Morbo'sus,  Valetudina'rius,  Jidyn'- 
atos,  (  F.)  Maladif.  One  who  is  subject  to  be  sick. 

SICKNESS,  FALLING,  Epilepsy— s.  River, 
Milk  sickness — s.  of  the  Stomach,  Vomiting— 
s.  Swamp,  Milk  sickness. 

SICK  STOMACH,  Milk  sickness. 

SICLIUM,  Sicilicum. 

SICUA,  Cuppincr-glass. 

SICULA.  Beta,  Penis. 

SICYEDON,  Cauledon. 

S1DA  ABUT1LON,  Abutilon  cordatum. 

SIDE,  PAIN  IN  THE,  Pleurodynia. 

SIDERA'TIO,  Stjdera'tio,  from  Sidus,  'a  star;' 
because  the  condition  was  thought  to  be  pro- 
duced by  the  influence  of  the  stars.  The  state 
of  one  struck  suddenly,  without  apparent  cause, 
and  as  if  by  the  influence  of  the  stars.  The 
ancients  comprised,  under  this  name,  different 
morbid  conditions,  such  as  paralysis,  apoplexy, 
and  gangrene. 

Sidlratio,  Apoplexy,  Phrenitis — s.  Ossis, 
Spina  venlosa. 

SIDERATION,  Astrobolismos. 

SIDERION,  Ferramentum. 

SIDERITIS,  Teucrium  chamaepitys. 

SIDEROS,  Ferrum. 

SIDEROXYLON,  Chrysophyllum  cainito. 

SIDHEE,  see  Gunjah. 

SIDMOUTH,  (CLIMATE  OF.)  Sidmouth 
is  in  Devonshire,  England,  on  the  sea-beach,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Sid.  It  is  much  frequented  by 
invalids,  both  during  the  summer  and  winter. 
The  climate  is,  however,  damp,  and  subject  to 
sea  fojis  — Sir  James  Clark. 


SIEGE 


683 


SINAPISMUS 


GE,  Anus. 
SIELISMOS,  Salivation. 
SIELON,  Saliva. 

SIFFLEMEjVT,  (F.)  from  sifter, « to  whistle.' 
Whistling. 
^  SIFFLEMEJVT  MODULE,  ou  cAant  <fes  ar- 
tires,  Bruit  musical,  'modulated  whistling,  or 
music  of  the  arteries.'  A  kind  of  sound  heard 
on  auscultation,  resembling,  at  times,  the  hum- 
ming of  certain  insects. 

The  sound  is  chiefly  met  with  in  those  la- 
bouring under  chlorosis. 

SIGAULTIAN  SECTION, Symphyseotomy. 
SIGE,  Taciturnity. 
SIGH.  Suspirium. 

SIGHT,  Vision — s.  Askew,  Dysopia  lateralis 
— v.  False,  Metamorphopsia,  Pseudobiepsia — s. 
Feebleness  of,  Amblyopia. 

SIGILLUM  SALAMONIS,Convallaria  poly- 
gonalum — s.  Virginitatis,  Hymen. 
SIGMATOID,  Sigmoid. 
SIGMOID,    Sigmoi'dal,    Sig'maioid.      That 
which  has  the  form  of  the  Greek  S  or  C;  from 
sigma  and  £<<?»?, '  resemblance.' 

Sigmoid  Cav'ities  or  Foss.e  of  the  Vina,  (F.) 
Coxites  ou  Fosses  sigmoides,  are  two  notches 
at  the  upper  part  of  that  bone, — one  for  the  re- 
ception of  the  humerus;  the  other  for  that  of 
the  radius. 

Sigmoid  Flexcre  of  the  Colon  is  a  turn 
the  colon  takes  immediately  before  its  termina- 
tion in  the  rectum. 

Sigmoid  or  Semilunar  Valves,  Valvules 
Sigmo'i'deas,  Proces'sus  Sigmoi'des,  (F.)  Valvules 
sigmoides  ou  semilunaires,  are  three  valvular 
folds,  at  the  commencement  of  the  pulmonary 
artery  and  aorta.  These  valves  have  the  form 
of  a  crescent,  when  applied  against  the  parietes 
of  the  vessel.  When  the  blood  is  sent  from 
the  ventricles  by  their  contraction,  the  valves 
are  applied  against  the  sides  of  the  vessel;  but, 
during  the  diastole  of  the  ventricle,  they  are 
depressed,  and  prevent  the  blood  from  return- 
ing to  the  heart.  At  the  middle  of  the  con- 
vexity of  each  valve  is  a  small,  hard,  triangular 
granulum,  called  Corpusculum  Arantii,  which 
completely  closes  up  the  passage.  It  is,  also, 
called  Corpusculum  Morgagnii,  and  C.  Sesa- 
moi'deum,  (F.)  Globule  d'Aranlius. 

SIGN,  Signum,  Semi'on,  (F.)  Signe.  Any 
present  or  past  circumstance,  afforded  by  the 
examination  of  a  patient,  or  of  matters  concern- 
ing him,  whence  a  conclusion  may  be  drawn 
regarding  the  nature  and  seat  of  his  disease. 
The  phenomena  which  precede  the  disease  are 
called  a  nannies' tic  or  commem'orative  signs,-  — 
those  which  accompany  it,  are  termed  diagnos- 
tic, if  they  reveal  the  nature  or  seat  of  the  dis- 
ease;— prognostic,  when  they  indicate  its  pro- 
bable duration  and  termination. 

SIG'NATURE,  Signatu'ra,  Signa'tio,  from 
signum,  'a  sign,'  (q.  v.)  Episphagismos.  This 
term  was  applied  in  the  Eastern  countries,  in 
the  middle  ages,  to  mystic  characters  of  good 
or  bad  augury,  with  which  it  was  pretended 
that  every  one  was  marked  by  the  star  under 
which  he  was  born. 

Signatures  of  Plants  meant  certain  pecu- 
liarities in  their  formation  or  colour,  by  which 
they  were  judged  proper  for  particular  dis- 
eases :— as  in  the  case  of  the  Lungwort,  Liver- 
wort, &c. 


SIGJS'ES  AVANT-COUREURS,  Precursory 
signs — s.  Precurseurs,  Precursory  signs. 

SIGNUM,  see  Parturition. 

SILACH,  Sitae.  An  Arabic  word,  used  to 
designate  thickening  of  the  eyelids,  Crassi'ties 
Palpebrarum;  and  also,  Alopecia. — Forestus, 
Stephanus. 

SILENCE,  see  Murmur,  respiratory. 

SILE'NE  VIRGIN'ICA,  Ground  Pink,  Wild 
Pink,  Catch  Fly.  The  root  has  been  employed 
in  decoction,  as  an  efficacious  anthelmintic. 

SILER  MONTANUM,  Laserpitium  siler. 

SILTQUA,  Cera'tion,-  the  carat.  A  weight 
of  ubout  four  grains. 

Su.io.ua  Arabica,  Tamarindus — s.  Dulcis, 
Ceratonium  siliqua. 

SiLIQUASTRUM  PLINlf,  Capsicum  an- 
nuuin. 

SILK,  Sericum — s.Weed,  Asclepias  tuberosa 
— s.  Weed,  common,  Asclepias  Syriaca — s. 
Worm,  see  Sericum. 

SILLOJV,  Sulcus — s.  Horizontal  de  la  veine 
ombiticale,  see  Liver — s.  Transversale,  see  Liver 
— s.  de  la  Veine  cave  infirieur,  see  Liver — s.  de 
la  Veine  porte,  see  Liver. 

SILPHIUM,  Laserpitinm. 

SILVER,  Argentum — s.  Nitrate  of,  Argenti 
nitras — s.  Leaf,  Magnolia  macrophylla. 

SILYBUM,  Carduus  marianus. 

SIMAROUBA,  Quassia  simarouba— s.  Bit- 
ter, Quassia  simarouba — s.  Faux,  Malpighia 
mourella. 

S1MARUBA,  Quassia  simarouba— s.  offici- 
nalis, Quassia  simaruba. 

SIM1TIUM,  Plumbi  subcarbonas. 

SIMPLES.  Medicinal  herbs.  One  skilled 
in  simples,  is  called  a  Simplisl,  a  Rhizotomist. 

SIMPLISTS,  see  Simples. 

SIMUS,  Camus. 

SINAPELiE'ON,  from  aivant,  'mustard,' 
and  eXaiov,  '  oil.'  Oil  impregnated  with  mus- 
tard. 

SINA'PIS,  Sinapis  nigra,  Bras'sica  nigra, 
Napus,  Eiu'ca,  Sinape,  Sinapi,  Common  Black 
Mustard,  (F.)  Moutarde  noire,  Seneve,  Sanve. 
Family,  Crucifers.  Sex.  Syst.  Tetradynamia 
Siliquosa.  The  seeds  are  inodorous,  when  en- 
tire; but,  when  bruised,  the  odour  is  very  pun- 
gent; taste  bitterish  and  acrid.  They  yield 
their  virtues  to  water,  and  afford  a  bland  oil  by 
expression.  The  seeds  are  stimulant,  diuretic, 
emetic,  and  rubefacient.  They  are  sometimes 
recommended  to  be  swallowed  whole,  in  dys- 
pepsia, torpor  of  the  bowels,  Sic.  Externally, 
they  are  applied  in  the  form  of  cataplasm.  See 
Sinapism. 

While  Mustard,  Sinapis  Alba,  Nanus  Leuco- 
sina'pis,  is  also  used  medicinally.  It  is  some- 
what less  pungent  than  the  black.  The  dis- 
tilled oil — Oleum  Sinapis — is  a  powerful  stimu- 
lant and  rubefacient. 

Whitehead' s  Essence  of  Mustard  consists  of 
oil  of  turpentine,  camphor,  and  a  portion  of  spi- 
rit of  Rosemary:  to  which  is  added  a  small  quan- 
tity of  flour  of  mustard.  It  is  a  celebrated  em- 
brocation for  rheumatism,  &c. 

Whitehead's  Essence  of  Mustard  Pills  consists 
of  ydloio  resin  and  balsam  of  tola,  enough  to 
make  into  pills. 

SINAPISIS,  Bole  Armenian. 

SINAPIS'MUS,  from  trivum,  'mustard.'  A 
cataplasm,  of  which  mustard  forms  the  basis; 
and  which  is  used  for  exciting  redness,  and 


SINCIPUT 


C34 


OCCIPITAL  SINUS 


acting  as  a  counter-irritant.  It  is  prepared  by 
mixing  flour  of  mustard  and  vinegar  together 
to  the  due  consistence.  See  Cataplasma  sina- 
pis. 

SIN'CIPUT,  Sincip'ital  Region,  Bregma,  Syn'- 
cipxtt,  Mesocra' nium ;  the  top  of  the  head.  The 
French  use  it  synonymously  with  vertex.  By 
some  it  is  applied  to  the  frontal  region  or  fore- 
part of  the  cranium.  The  parietal  bones  have 
been  called  sincipital  bones,  Ossa  sincip'itis,  (F.) 
Os  du  sinciput. 

SINDON,  oirSwv,  very  fine  linen.  A  small 
piece  of  rag,  or  a  round  pledget,  supported  by 
a  thread  at  its  middle,  and  introduced  into  the 
opening  in  the  cranium,  made  by  the  trephine. 

SINEW,  Tendon. 

SINGULTUS,  Lynx,  Lygmus,  Clonus  Sin- 
gultus, Hiccough,  Hiccup,  (F.)  Hoquel.  A  noise 
made  by  the  sudden  and  involuntary  contrac- 
tion of  the  diaphragm,  and  the  simultaneous 
contraction  of  the  glottis,  which  arrests  the  air 
in  the  trachea.  It  is  a  symptom  of  many  mor- 
bid conditions,  and  especially  of  gangrene,  but 
occui'3,  frequently,  in  persons  otherwise  in  good 
health. 

SIJWEUX,  Sinuous. 

SINUOSITAS,  Sinus. 

SIN'UOUS,  Sinuo'sus,  (F.)  Sinueux,  from 
sinus,  'a  bay  or  curve.'  An  epithet  given  to 
certain  ulcers,  and  especially  to  certain  fistula?, 
which  are  tortuous. 

SINUS  ARTERIOSUS,  S.  pulmonalis— s. 
Caverneux,  Cavernous  sinus — a.  Cavernosus, 
Cavernous  sinus — s.  Cerebri,  Ventricles  of  the 
brain — s.  Choroidien,  S.  quartus — s.  Circularis, 
S.  coronarius — s.  Coronaire  du  cazur,  see  Car- 
diac veins. 

Sinus,  Sinuo'sitas,  Colpos,  Abscon'sio,  Eu- 
rycho'ria,  (F.)  Golfe.  Any  cavity,  the  inte- 
rior of  which  is  more  expanded  than  the  en- 
trance. In  this  sense,  anatomists  have  applied 
the  term  to  cavities  in  certain  bones  of  the 
head  and  face.  It  has  been,  also,  applied  to 
certain  venous  canals,  into  which  a  number  of 
vessels  empty  themselves;  such  as  the  sinuses 
of  the  dura  mater  and  of  the  spine;  the  sinus 
of  the  vena  porta;  uterine  sinuses,  &c. 

In  surgery,  it  means  a  long,  narrow,  hollow 
track,  leading  from  some  abscess,  diseased 
bone.  &c.   (F.)  Clapier. 

SINUSES  OF  BONES  form  part  of  the 
nasal  cavities.  They  are  the  frontal,  sphenoi- 
dal, maxillary,  &c.  The  name  has  also  been 
given,  occasionally,  to  the  ethmoid  and  mastoid 
cells. 

Sinus  Corona'rius,  Sinus  circula'ris,  S.  circu- 
la'ris  Ridleyi.  A  venous  canal,  which  sur- 
rounds, in  a  more  or  less  regular  manner,  the 
pituitary  fossa  and  gland,  emptying  itself  into 
the  corresponding  cavernous  sinus  by  each  of 
its  extremities. 

Sinus  Coxa:,  see  Cotyloid — s.  Droit,  S.  quar- 
tus. 

Sinus  Dexter  Cordis,  Sinus  vena' rum  cava' - 
rum,  S.  teno'sus,  Saccus  vcna'rum,  cava' rum. 
The  right  auricle  of  the  heart: — A'trium  cordis 
dextrum.    See  Auricula. 

Sinuses  of  the  Dura  Mater,  Sinus  seu 
Fis'tulx  seu  Cavita'tcs  seu  Vent-rid uli  seu  7V- 
buii  seu  Sanguiduc'tus  seu  Receptac'vla  Durse 
mutris  are  formed  by  a  separation  of  the  layers 
of  the  dura  mater,  which  act  as  a  substitute  for 
the  outer  membrane  of  veins.    Bichat  admits 


only  four  great  sinuses,  of  which  all  the  othera 
seem  to  be  dependencies; — the  two  lateral  \i- 
nuses,  the  straight  sinus,  and  the  longitudinal 
sinus.  To  the  lateral  sinuses  belong, — the  pe- 
trous sinuses,  superior  and  inferior;  the  trans- 
verse sinus;  the  cavernous  sinuses ;  the  coronary 
sinus,  and  the  occipital  sinuses.  To  the  straight 
sinus  belongs  the  inferior  longitudinal.  The 
longitudinal  sinus,  properly  so  called,  has  no 
sinus  under  its  dependence. 

Sinus  Falciformis  Inferior,  S.  longitudinal, 
inferior — s.  Falciformis  superior,  S.  longitudi- 
nal, superior — s.  Fourth,  Torcular  Herophili — 
s.  Gense  pituitarius,  Antrum  of  Highmore — 
s.  of  the  Jugular  vein,  see  Jugular  veins — s. 
Lacrymalis,  Lachrymal  sac. 

Sinuses  of  the  Larynx,  Ventricles  of  the 
larynx. 

Sinuses,  Lateral,  Sinus  transver'si,  S.  mag- 
ni,  S.  laterales,  (F.)  Sinus  laleraux.  Each  of 
these  sinuses,  distinguished  into  right  and  left, 
begins  at  the  torcular  Herophili,  or  confluence 
of  the  sinuses,  and  terminates  at  the  sinus  of 
the  jugular  vein. 

SIJYUS  LAT6RAUX,  Sinuses,  lateral. 

Sinuses,  Longitudinal,  <S.  Longitudina' les. 
These  are  two  in  number.  I.Superior  Longi- 
tudinal Sinus,  S.  falcifor'mis  superior,  S.  tri- 
angularis, Sinus  median,  (Ch.)  A  long,  trian- 
gular canal;  convex  above,  concave  below, 
whicli  occupies  the  whole  of  the  upper  edge  of 
the  falx  cerebri.  It  is  broad  behind,  and  much 
narrower  before,  where  it  commences  by  a  cul- 
de-sac,  at  the  crista  galli  of  the  ethmoid  bone. 
It  passes  along  the  frontal  or  coronal  crest, 
sagittal  suture,  and  the  vertical  groove  of  the 
occipital  bone.  It  receives  several  veins  from 
the  dura  mater;  and  all  those  that  are  spread 
over  the  convex  and  plain  surfaces  of  the  two 
hemispheres  of  the  brain.  It  discharges  itself 
into  the  upper  part  of  the  torcular  Herophili. 
2.  Inferior  Longitudinal  Sinus,  Sums  falci- 
for'mis inferior,  Vena  falcis  cer'ebri.  This  is 
much  narrower  than  the  last,  and  occupies  the 
inferior  edge  of  the  falx  cerebri,  from  its  ante- 
rior third  to  the  tentorium  cerebelli,  where  it 
terminates,  commonly  by  two  branches,  in  the 
straight  sinus. 

Sinus  Magni,  Sinuses,  lateral — s.  Maxillary, 
Antrum  of  Highmore — s.  Median,  Sinus  longi- 
tudinal superior — s.  Median,  see  Semicircular 
canals — s.  Muliebris,  Vagina — s.  Occipitalis  an- 
terior, Sinus  transversus — s.  Perpendicularis, 
S.  quartus — s.  Pituitarii  frontis,  Frontal  sinuses 
— s.  Polymorphus,  Cavernous  sinus — s.  Porta- 
rum,  see  Liver — s.  Pudoris,  Vagina — s.  of  the 
Pulmonary  veins,  Auricle,  left — s.  Renum,  Pel- 
vis of  the  kidney — s.  Rhomboidal,  Calamus 
scriptorius — s.  of  the  Septum  lucidum,  Ventri- 
cle, fifth — s.  Sinister  cordis,  S.  pulmonalis — s. 
Sphenoidalis,  Cavernous  sinus — s.  Straight,  S. 
quartus — s.  Superciliares,  Frontal  sinuses — s. 
Transversi,  Sinuses,  lateral — s.  Triangularis,  S. 
longitudinal  superior — s.  Utriculosus,  see  Semi- 
circular canals — s.  des  Vaisseaux  seminifiires, 
Corpus  Highmori — s.  of  the  Vena  cava,  Auri- 
cles, right — s.  Venarum  cavarum,  S.  dexter 
cordis — s.  Venarum  pulmonalium,  S.  pulmona- 
lis— s.  Venosus,  S.  dexter  cordis. 

Occip'ital  Sinus,  Sinus  occipitalis.  These 
sinuses  commence  at  the  sides  of  the  foramen 
magnum  ossis  occipitis,  and  ascend — becoming 
broader  and  nearer  each  other — into  the  sub- 


SINUS  PULMONALIS 


685 


SKELETON 


stance  of  the  falx  cerebeili,  where  they  fre- 
quently unite.  Eacli  opens  into  the  inferior 
part  of  the  torcular  Herophili.  They  receive 
the  veins  of  the  falx  cerebeili,  of  the  dura  ma- 
ter which  lines  the  fossa?  cerebeili,  and  of  the 
posterior  part  of  the  cerebellum.  Haller  and 
Sommering  have  given  them  the  name  of  pos- 
terior occipital  sinuses,  to  distinguish  them  from 
the  transverse  sinus,  which  they  have  called 
anterior  occipital  sinus. 

Sinus  Pulmona'lis,  S.  sinister  cordis,  Atrium 
cordis  dnis'trum,  S.  vena' rum  pvlmona'lium,  S. 
arteriosus,  Saccus  vena' rum  pulmona'lium-  The 
left  auricle  cf  the  heart.     See  Auricula. 

Sinus  Quartus,  S.  perpendicula'ris,  Sinus 
thoro'idien  (Oh.),  Straight  Sinus,  (F.)  Sinus  droit. 
This  sinus,  triangular  throughout;  wide  pos- 
teriorly; narrower  anteriorly;  slightly  oblique 
downwards  and  backwards — passes  along  the 
base  of  the  falx  cerebri,  from  the  termination  of 
the  inferior  longitudinal  sinus  to  the  torcular 
Herophili.  It  receives  the  inferior  longitudinal 
sinus,  the  veins  of  the  lateral  ventricles  or  veme 
Galeni,  the  superior  cerebellous  veins,  &c. 

Sinus  Transver'sus,  S.  occipitalis  antt'rior. 
This  sinus  lies  transversely  at  the  anterior  part 
of  the  basilary  process  of  the  occipital  bone.  It 
forms  a  communication  between  the  two  pe- 
trous sinuses,  and  the  cavernous  sinus  of  one 
side  aiul  those  of  the  other.  Its  breadth  is  com- 
monly very  great.  It  is  situate  between  two 
layers  of  the  dura  mater,  and  presents,  inter- 
nally, a  kind  of  cavernous  tissue. 

Sinus  Uteri'ni,  Uterine  sinuses.  A  name 
given  to  cavities,  formed  by  the  uterine  veins 
in  the  substance  of  the  uterine  parietes.  They 
are  very  large  during  pregnancy. 

Sinuses  of  Valsal'va  are  three  depressions 
in  the  aorta  and  pulmonary  artery,  immediately 
opposite  the  semilunar  valves.  Their  use  is  to 
leave  the  edges  of  the  valves  free,  so  that  they 
can  be  caught  by  the  refluent  blood.  Where 
the  aorta  is  about  to  send  ofF  the  first  of  its 
large  branches,  at  the  top  of  the  thorax,  it  is  of 
great  size,  and  has  been  called  the  Large  sinus 
of  Valsalva. 

Sinuses,  Ver'teeral,  (F.)  Sinus  vertebrauz. 
Two  great  venous  sinuses,  different  from  those 
of  the  dura  mater,  which  extend  the  whole 
length  of  the  vertebral  canal,  from  the  occipital 
foramen  to  the  end  of  the  sacrum,  behind  the 
bodies  of  the  vertebras,  before  the  dura  mater, 
and  at  the  sides  of  the  posterior  vertebral  liga- 
ment. At  their  inner  side  they  communicate 
with  each  other  by  means  of  branches,  which 
form  true  transverse  sinuses.  They  are  situate 
at  the  middle  of  the  body  of  each  vertebra,  pass- 
ing under  the  posterior  vertebral  ligament. 
They  receive,  at  their  middle  part,  the  veins 
that  arise  in  the  spongy  tissue  of  the  vertebraj. 
By  their  external  side,  the  vertebral  sinuses 
communicate  with  the  posterior  branches  of 
the  vertebral,  intercostal,  and  lumbar  vein3.  At 
their  posterior  side  they  receive  the  veins, 
which  creep  on  the  prolongation  of  the  dura 
mater  that  envelops  the  marrow. 

SI  PHILIS,  Syphilis. 

SIPHITA  PARVA,  Chorea. 

IO,  Syringe— s.  Urinos,  Diabetes. 

SITIIONIA  CAHUCHU,  see  Caoutchouc— 
lien,  see  Caoutchouc. 

SIPHUNCULUS,  Syringe. 

SIRA,  Orpiment. 


SIRIASIS,  Coup  de  Soleil,  Insolation,  Phre- 
nitis— s.  iEgyptiaca,  Coup  de  Soleil. 

SIRIUM  MYRTIFOLIUM,  Santalum  album, 

SIRIUS,  Canicula. 

SIROP  DE  CAPILLAIRE,  see  Adiantum 
capillus  veneris — s.  de  Coralline,  see  Corallina 
Corsicana. 

SIRUP,  Syrup. 

S1SON  AMMI.  Family,  Umbelliferas.  Sex. 
Syst.  Pentandria  Digynia.  The  plant  that  af- 
fords the  Ammi  vcrum  of  the  shops.  (F.)  Ammi 
des  Boutiques.  The  seeds  were  once  used  as  a 
carminative. 

Sison  Amo'mum,  (F.)  Amome  faux,  is  consi- 
dered to  be  excitant  and  diuretic.  It  is  the  field 
honewort. 

SISSEERIN,  see  Bebeeru. 

SISYMBRIUM  MENTHASTRUM,  Men- 
tha aquatica. 

S  i  s  y  m  '  b  r  i  u  m  N  a  stu  r't  i  um,  Nasturtiu  m 
aquat'icum,  N.  officinale,  Laver  odora'tum,  Cra- 
tevx'sium,  Cressi,  Cardami'ne  fonta'na,  Water 
Cress,  (F.)  Cresson  de  fontuine.  Family,  Cru- 
cifers.  Sex.  Syst.  Tetradynamia  Siliquosa. 
Water  cresses  are  commonly  used  in  salad. 
They  have  obtained  a  place  in  the  Materia  Me- 
dica  for  their  antiscorbutic  qualities. 

Sisymbrium  Officinale,  Erysimum. 

Sisymbrium  So'phia;  the  Herb  Sophia,  So- 
phia Chirurgo'rum,  Fiix  or  Flux  weed,  (F.)  Sa- 
gesse  des  Chirurgiens.  It  was  once  reputed  to 
be  anthelmintic,  and  valuable  in  hysterical 
affections.     It  is  not  used. 

Other  species  of  Nasturtium.,  as  N.  Palus'tre, 
Marsh  water  cress;  N.  amphib'ium,  Water  radish, 
possess  similar  virtues  with  Nasturtium  offici- 
nale. 

SITICULOSUS,  see  Alterative. 

SITIS,  Thirst— s.  Morbosa,  Polydipsia. 

SITOS,  Aliment. 

SIUM,  Sium  nodifto'rum,  Creeping  Water-par- 
snep,  (F.)  Berle  nodiflore.  Family,  Umbellifera?. 
Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria  Digynia.  It  is  stimulant, 
and  supposed  to  be  diuretic  and  lithontriptic. 
It  is,  sometimes,  employed  in  cutaneous  erup- 
tions. 

SlCM  Latifo'lium  is  the  common  Water-par- 
snep  of  the  United  States.  It  is  said  to  be  poi- 
sonous. 

Sium  Ninsi.  The  plant  whose  root  is  called 
Radix  Ninsi,  Ninzin,  Mndsin.  This  root  was 
long  supposed  to  be  the  same  as  ginseng,  and 
it  possesses  similar,  thourrh  weaker  properties. 

Sium  Sis'arum,  Slcirrct  is  used  as  a  salad  in 
Europe;  and  has  been  supposed  a  useful  diet 
in  chest  affections. 

SIVVENS,  Sibbens. 

SKELETIA,  Emaciation. 

SKELETOL'OGY,  Sceletobf'ia,  (F.)  Squekt- 
folngir.,  from  aztHtrog,  'a  skeleton,'  and  hsyog, 
'a  discourse.'  A  treatise  on  the  solid  parts  of 
the  body.  This  part  of  anatomy  comprehends 
Osteology  and  Syndesmology. 

SKEL'ETON,  Scel'etum,  from  trxeitrog,  ca- 
dar'a-  cxsicca'lum,  (F.)  Squchtte,  Sccleton,  a. 
dried  body;  from  exeXXia,  'I  dry.'  The  aggre- 
gate of  the  hard  parts  of  the  body,  or  the  bones. 
A  skeleton  is  found  in  almost  all  animals,  al- 
though it  may  not  be  always  formed  in  the  same 
manner.  In  some,  as  in  the  Crustacea  and  tes- 
tacea,  it  is  wholly  or  partly  external.  In  others, 
as  in  birds,  the  mammalia,  &c,  it  is  internal. 
It  serves  as  a  support  for  other  organs.     On  it 


SXELETOFCEIA 


CSS 


SNEEZEWOitr 


the  general  shape  of  the  body  and  of  its  various 
parts  is  greatly  dependent.  When  the  bones 
are  united  by  their  natural  ligaments,  the  ske- 
leton is  said  to  be  natural,-  when  articulated  by 
means  of  wires,  artificial. 

SKELETOPCE'IA,  Sceletopen'a,  from  otnkt- 
rog,  'a  skeleton,'  and  wotim,  '  1  make.'  The 
part  of  practical  anatomy  which  treats  of  the 
preparation  of  bones,  and  the  con-struetion  of 
skeletons.  Bones  are  prepared  to  exhibit  their 
conformation,  structure,  chymical  composition, 
mode  of  development,  and  changes;  the  dif- 
ferent cavities  formed  by  their  union;  and  to 
demonstrate  their  connexions,  relations,  modes 
of  union,  &c. 

SKEVISCH,  Erigeron  Philadelphicum. 

SKEV1SH,  FLEABANE,  Erigeron  Phila- 
delphicum. 

SKIN,  Cutis. 

SKIN-HOUND  DISEASE,  Induration  of  the 
cellular  tissue. 

SKIRRET,  Shim  sisarum. 

SKIOMACHIA,  Scioraacby. 

SKIRSE,  Scirrhus. 

SKOKE,  Phytolacca  decandra, 

SKUE-SIGHT,  Dysopia  lateralis. 

SKULL-CAP,  Scutellaria  galericulata, 

SKUNK-CABBAGE,  Draconiium  foetid  urn. 

SLATE,  IRISH,  Hibernicus  lapis. 

SLATERS,  Onisei  aselli. 

SLATKAIA  TRAVA,  see  Spirit, 

SLAVERING,  from  saliva;  Ptijalis'mus 
iners,  Driv'dling,  (F.)  Bave.  Involuntary  flow 
of  saliva,  from  sluggishness  of  deglutition, 
without  increased  secretion.  It  is  seen  in  the 
infant,  the  aged,  and  the  idiot. 

SLEEP,  Sax.  ]iep;  Somnus,  Smnpnus,  Sopor, 
Dormi'tio,  Hypnos,  (P.)  Sommeil.  Temporary 
interruption  of  our  relations  with  external  ob- 
jects. A  repose  of  the  organs  of  sense,  intel- 
lectual faculties,  and  voluntary  motion. 

The  act  of  quitting  this  condition  is  called 
awaking,  (F.)  Evigilation,  Reveil.  Sometimes 
this  is  progressive  and  natural;  at  others,  sud- 
den and  starting,  (F.)  Retell  en  sursuut, — as  in 
nightmare,  affections  of  the  heart,  hypochon- 
driasis, &c. 

SLEEPLESSNESS,  Insomnia, 

SLEEP-WALKING,  Somnambulism. 

SLING,  (G.)  Sehlinge,  Mitel' la.  A 
bandage,  employed  to  keep  the  forearm  bent  on 
the  arm,  in  cases  of  injury  done  to  those  parts, 
in  fracture  of  the  clavicle,  injury  of  the  hands, 
&c.  A  handkerchief  is  often  sufficient  for  this 
purpose.  It  must  be  folded  diagonally,  and  be 
tied,  by  the  extremities,  round  the  neck.  The 
French  surgeons  have  used  many  varieties  of 
Echarpes  or  slings,-  as  the  Grande,  echarpe, 
Echarpe  moyenne,  Petite  echarpe,  Echarpe  de  J. 
L.  Petit,  &c. 

SLIPPERS,  Impaliens. 

SLIT  AND  TAIL  BANDAGE,  Invagi- 
nated  bandage. 

SLOE  TREE,  Prunus  spinosa. 

SLOUGH,  Eschar. 

SLOWS,  Milk  sickness. 

SLUG,  Limax. 

SLUG,  SEA,  Bichtde  Mm 

SLUMBER,  Somnolency. 

SMALLAGE,  A  pi  una  graveolens. 

SMALL- POX,  Variola— s.  Modified,  Vario- 
loid. 

SMALT,  Protox'ide  of  Cobalt,  Smaltum,  Sa- 


fre,  Jizur,  Blue  Starch.  This  oxyd  has  heeie 
given  in  rheumatism,  in  the  dose  of  ten  to 
twenty  grains.  A  larger  quantity  excites  vo- 
miting. 

SMARAG'DUS,  (F.)  Emeraude.  The  eme- 
rald.    It  was  formerly  regarded  as  a  tonic. 

SMECT1CA,  Detergents. 

SMECTIS,  Cimolia  terra. 

SMECTRIS,  Cimolia  terra. 

SMEGMA,  Sapo— s.  Articulare,  Synovia — 
s.  Cutaneum,  see  Sebaceous  glands. 

SMELL,  SENSE  OF,  Olfaction, 

SMELLING,  Olfaction. 

SMILAX,  Taxus  baccata — s.  Aspera  Chinerr- 
sis,Smilax  China— s.  Aspera  Peruviana,  Smilas 
sarsaparilla. 

Smilax  China,  China,  China  oriental  lis ,  San- 
hira,  Gauquara,  Smilax  as'pera  Chinen'sis,  Chi- 
na root,  (F.)  Sqnine,  Esquine.  Family,  Smila- 
cese.  Sex.  Syst.  Diascia  HexandTia.  Formerly 
much  used  in  cutaneous  and  venereal  affec- 
tions. 

Smilax  Indica  Spinoza,  Smilax  pseudc- 
China — s.  Officinalis,  Smilax  sarsaparilla. 

Smilax  Pseudo-China,  Smilax  Jit'dica  spi- 
no'sa,  China  occiclenta' lis ,  China  spu'riu  nodo- 
sa; American  or  West  India  China.  In  scrofu- 
lous disorders,  the  root  has  been  often  preferred 
to  the  oriental  kind,  in  other  cases,  it  possesses 
similar  virtues. 

Smilax  Sarsafahil'la-,  S.  officinalis,  Sarsu- 
pariila,  Smilax  as'pera  Peruvia'na,  Sarza,  Sarsa7 
Carivlllan'di,  Iva  Pecan' ga,  Macapatli,  Zarsa, 
ZarzapailVla,  (F.)  Salsepnrcille.  The  root  of 
the  Sarsaparilla  is  in-odorous;  taste  bitterish^ 
feculaceous,  and  fibrous.  It  is  of  a  dark  colour 
externally;  white  within.  It  is  possessed  of 
diuretic  and  demulcent  properties,  and  has  been 
often  employed  in  the  sequel®  of  syphilis;  whertV 
after  a  mercurial  course,  nocturnal  pains,  ulce- 
ration, &c.  continue.  It  has  also  been  advised 
in  scrofula,  chronic  rheumatism,  &c;  but  it3 
efficacy  is,  to  say  the  least  of  it,  a  matter  of 
doubt.     Dose,  ^j  to  gj  of  the  powder. 

SMILE,  a-f£tXt].  A  curved,  two-edged  bis- 
toury.    A  knife,  (q.  v.) 

SMILEON,  Scalpel. 

SMYRNA.  Myrrha. 

SMYRN  ISMOS,  Embalming. 

SMYR'NIUM  OLUSA'TRUM,  HipposeW- 
num.,  Smyr'nium,  Macero'na,  Macedoiiis'ium? 
Herba  Akxundri'na,  Gri'tlum,  Jlgrioteli'num, 
Alexanders,  Alsanders.  A  plant  formerly  culti- 
vated for  culinary  purposes.  The  seeds  are 
bitter  and  aromatic,  and  the  roots  more  power- 
fully bitter.  They  have  been  recommended  as 
resolvents,  diuretics,  emenagogues,  &c. 

SNAGREL,  Aristolochia  serpentaria. 

SNAIL,  Limax— s.  Shell,  Cochlea. 

SNAKEHEAD,  Chelone  glabra. 

SNAKEROOT,  BIRTH  WORT,  Aristolochia 
serpentaria — s.  Black,  Actaea  racemosa — s.  But- 
ton, Eryngium  aquaticum — s.  Button,  Liatris 
spicata  —  s.  Canada,  Asarum  Canadense  —  s. 
Dewitt,  Prenanlhes— s.  Evergreen.  Polygala 
paucifolia — s.  Heart,  Asarum  Canadense — s. 
Virginiann,  Aristolochia  serpentaria. 

SNAKEWEED,  Aristolochia  serpentaria, 
Helenium  autumnale,  Polygonum  bistorta — s. 
American.  Cicntn  maculata. 

SNEEZE  WORT,  Achillea  ptarmica,  Hele- 
nium  autumnale. 


SNEEZING 


6c' 


SODA.  CAUSTICA 


SNEEZING,  form  Sax.  nieran.  (G.) 
N  i  e  s  e  n,  Clonus  Slemula'tio,  Slemula'tio,  Ster- 
nutamen'tum,  Sternumen'tum,  Ptarmos,  (F.)  Rter- 
nuement.  A  convulsive  motion  of  the  expira- 
tory muscles,  by  which  the  air  is  driven  rapidly, 
and  rushes  sonorously, through  the  nasal  fossa, 
carrying  with  it  the  mucus  a°nd  foreign  bodies, 
Which  adhere  to  the  pituitary  membrane,  and 
which  have  occasioned  the  movement. 

SNORING.  Ronchvs,  R/ionchus,  Slcrtur,  Ren- 
chus,  (F.)  Ronfiement,  from  (G)  scharnen. 
Noise  made  in  the  posterior  part  of  the  mouth 
and  nasal  fossa?  during  the  movements  of  in- 
spiration, particularly  in  sleep,  both  when  the 
person  is  in  health,  and  in  disease,  as  in  apo- 
plexy. In  certain  affections  of  the  chest— in 
some  cases  of  pulmonary  catarrh — a  kind  of 
snoring  may  be  distinctly  heard  by  applying 
the  ear,  or  the  stethoscope,  to  the  chpst. 

SNOW,  Sax.  rnap,  Nix,  Chion,  (F.)  Neige. 
Water,  in  a  solid  state,  which  falls  from  the  at- 
mosphere in  white  flakes.  It  is  used  externally, 
as  a  tonic  and  discutient. 

SNOWBALL.  Cephalanthus  occidentalis. 

SNUFF,  CEPHALIC,  Pulvis  asari  compo- 
3itus. 

SNUFFLES,  Teut.  Snuffeln,  Grave' do 
neonato'rum,  Rhinan'gia,  Rhinanch'one.  Breath- 
ing hard  through  the  nose.  An  affection  to 
which  infants  are  liable.  It  is  relieved  by  oil- 
ing the  interior  of  the  nostrils. 

SOAP,  Sapo — s.  Acid,  see  Sapo — s.  Berries, 
Sapindus  saponaria — s.  Black, see  Sapo — s.  Cas- 
tile, Sapo  durus — s.  of  the  Cocoa-nut  oil,  see 
Sapo — s.  Common  or  soft,  see  Sapo — s.  Liquid, 
see  Sapo — s.  Medicinal,  see  Sapo — s.  Spanish, 
Sapo  durus — s.  Yellow,  see  Sapo. 

SOAPWORT,  Saponaria. 

SOB,  from  Sax.  reojrtan,  '\o  grieve.'  (F.) 
Sanglot.  A  spasmodic,  sudden,  and  momentary 
contraction  of  the  diaphragm,  immediately  fol- 
lowed by  relaxation;  by  which  the  little  air, 
that  the  contraction  has  caused  to  enter  the 
chest,  is  driven  out  with  noise.  It  is  an  evi- 
dence of  corporeal  or  mental  suffering. 

SOBRIETAS,  Temperance. 

SOCIA  PAROTID1S,  see  Parotid. 

SOCI'ETY,  Soci'etas,  (F.)  Sociite,  from  sod- 
are,  '  to  associate.'  An  association  for  the  pro- 
motion of  some  common  object. 

Societies,  Medical.  Associations  of  me- 
dical gentlemen  for  the  promotion  of  science 
have  been  numerous,  and  productive  of  valua- 
ble results.  In  the  United  States,  societies  ex- 
ist in  many  of  the  states,  possessing  the  power 
of  examining  into  the  qualifications  of  every 
one  who  may  be  desirous  of  practising  within 
their  particular  jurisdiction.  In  some  of  the 
6tates,  however,  the  qualified  and  unqualified 
are  permitted  to  exercise  their  profession  with 
equal  privileges  and  immunities. 

Amongst  the  medical  associations,  that  have 
issued  from  time  to  time  useful  transactions 
or  publications  are  the  following:  In  Ame- 
rica,— The  Massachusetts  Medical  Society;  the 
Physico-medical,  and  Medical  Societies  of  the 
Slate  of  .Yew  York;  and  the  College  of  Physicians 
of  Philadelphia.  In  Fltrgpe, — The  Association 
of  Fellows  cud  Licentiates  of  the  King's  and 
Quern's  College  of  Physicians  of  Ireland;  the 
Medico- Chirargical  and   Phrenological  & 

nburghf    t  he    College  of  Physicians,  the 
Medico- Chirurgical,  the  Medical  and  the  Syden- 


ham Societies  of  London  ,■  the  Associated  Apothe- 
caries and  Surgeon.  Apothecaries  of  England  and 
Wales,  arid  the  Provincial  Medical,  and  Surgical 
Association;  the  Royal  Academy  of  Surgery,  the 
Royal  Society  of  Medicine,  the  Societe  Medicate 
d' Emulation,  the  Societe1  de  Mcdecine,  the  Royal 
Academy  of  Medicine,  and  the  Societe  Medicate 
d' Observation,  of  Paiis;  the  Medico-  Chirurgical 
Acudcmy  of  Vienna;  the  Medical  Societies  of 
Berlin  and  Copenhagen,  &c,  &c.  In  Asia, — 
The  Medical  and  Physical  Society  of  Calcutta. 

Valuable  medical  essays  are  likewise  con- 
tained in  the  published  Transactions  of  the  Ame- 
rican Philosophical  Society ;  of  the  Royal  Societies 
of  London,  Edinburgh,  Gftttingen,  &c  ;  of  the 
Royal  Academy  of  Sciences  of  Paris;  the  Impe- 
rial Society  of  Sciences  of  St.  Petersburg;  the 
Royal  Academy  of  Sciences  of  Turin;  the  Aca- 
demia  Imperiulis  Leopoldina  Natural  Curioso- 
rum,  &c. 

SOUA.  An  Arabic  word.  Soda  impv'ra, 
Barilla,  Barig'Ua,  Bar W lor,  Soda  Hispan'ica, 
Ana'tron,  JYatron,  Ana'lon,  Kitrum  Antiquo'rvm, 
Kelp,  Aphroni'trum,  Sal  alkali' 'nus  fuus  fas' silis, 
Car' bonus  Soda;  im'purus,  Sulicar'bonns  Sods 
impu'ra,  Anuchroji.  The  mineral  alkali,  as  soda 
is  termed,  is  obtained  from  several  sources; — 
naturally,  in  Egypt:  artificially,  from  the  in- 
cineration of  marine  plants;  and  from  the  de- 
composition of  sulphate  of  soda,  &c.  It  is 
principally,  however,  derived  from  plants  grow- 
ing on  the  sea-coast; — as  the  Salso'la  sati'ra, 
S.  soda,  S.  tragus,  Salicor'nia  herba'cea,  Salicor- 
nia  Arab'ica,  &c.  The  Barilla  ashes,  are  from 
the  ashes  of  the  Salicor'nia  Europs'u: — the 
Kelp,  Sonde  de  Varecq,  from  the  Fucus  resiculo'- 
sus  and  other  varieties — the  Turkey  Barilla, 
Roquelt.e,  Cendre  du  Levant,  Roclul'ta  Alexan- 
dri'na,  from  the  Mesembryan' themum  Cop'ti- 
cum,- — the  Al'icant  Barilla,  Soda  Alicanti'na, 
S.  Alonen'sis,  from  the  Mesembryan' themum  no- 
diflo'rum; — and  the  Carthage' iia  Barilla,  from 
the  Salicor'nia  and  Salso'la. 

Impure  subcarbonate  of  soda,  (F.)  Soiule  du 
commerce,  consists  of  subcarbonate  of  soda,  pot- 
ash, chloride  of  sodium,  clay,  and  other  earthy 
substances.  It  is  chiefly  used  for  preparing  the 
pure  subcarbonate. 

Soda,  Cardialgia,  Pyrosis. 

Soda  Aceta'ta,  SoJx  Ace'tas,  Ac" 'elate  of 
Soda,  Terra  folia' ta  rninera'lis.  This  salt  is  used 
in  similar  cases  with  the  acetate  of  potass. 

Soda  Aerata,  Sodce  carbonas— s.  Alonensis, 
Soda — s.  Bicarbonate  of.  Soda;  carbonas — s.  Bo- 
raxata,  Borax. 

Soda,  Car'bonate  of,  Sodai  Car'bonas,  Car- 
bonas Katricum,  Soda  Aera'ta,  Sodse  Bicar'bonas, 
Bicar'bonate  of  Soda,  Carbonate  of  protox'ide  of 
So'dium,  (F.)  Carbonate  de  Soude,  S.  efferves- 
cente,  S.  ueree,  S.  Crayeuse.  (Soda:  subcarb.  Ibj, 
aqux  deslill.  Oiij.  Dissolve  the  subcarbonate  of 
soda,  and  pass  carbonic  acid  tlnoucrh  the  solu- 
tion ;  set  it  aside  to  crystallize.)  lis  use  is  the 
same  as  the  subcarbonate,  than  which  it  is  less 
caustic,  and  is  better  adapted  for  effervescing 
draughts. 

Soda  Cau'stica,  Protoxide  of  Sodium,  Caus- 
tic Soda.  (F.)  Soude  cuustique,  S.  a  la  Chaux, 
Sonde  pare.  The  impure  subcarbonate,  treated 
by  quicklime,  and  consequently  deprived  of  its 
carbonic  acid.  It  may  be  used  as  a  caustic,  like 
the  Potussafusa,  and  is  even  preferable  to  it,  as 
it  does  nor  deliquesce,  and  run. 


SODA,  CHLORIDE  OF 


638 


SOLAMEN  INTESTINORCJM 


Soda,  Chloride  of,  Sodse  Chlo'ridum,  Chlo- 
rinated Soda,  Natrum  Oxijmuriat'icum,  Sodse 
Chlomre'tum,  Oxymu'riate  of  Soda.  This  salt 
ia  used  as  a  disinfecting  agent;  both  to  remove 
offensive  smells  in  chambers,  and  to  alter  the 
condition  of  fetid  ulcers.  See  Liquor  Sodte 
Chlorinatte. 

Soda,  Chlorinated,  Soda,  chloride  of— s. 
Hispanica,  Soda — s,  Hydrochlorate,  of  Soda, 
muriate  of— s.  Lithate  of,  Urate  of  soda — s. 
Mephite  of,  Soda,  subcarbonate  of. 

Soda,  Muriate  of,  Sodx  murias,  Soda  mu- 
ria'ta,  S.  murial'ica,  At' kali  minera'le  sali'num, 
Sal  commu'nis,  Sat  culina'ris,  Sal  f on' Hum,  Sal 
gemma:,  Sal  mari'nus,  Natron  muriaf  turn ,  Sal 
albus,  Natrum  muriat'icurn,  Common  salt,  Sea 
salt,  Hydrochlo'rinas  Na'tricus,  Sal  fos'silis,  Sal 
lurcidum,  Maria,  Rock  sail,  Bay  salt,  White  salt, 
Quadrichlo'ruret  of  Sodium,  Hydrochlorate  of 
protox'ide  of  Sodium,  Hydroch/o'rate  of  Soda, 
Chlomre'tum  So'dii,  So'dii  Chlo'ridum,  Chloride 
of  Sodium,  (F.)  Sel  de  Cuisine.  In  an  impure 
state,  this  salt  is  one  of  the  most  abundant  of 
natural  productions.  It  is  soluble  in  3  parts  of 
water,  and  is  tonic,  purgative,and  anthelmintic. 
Externally,  stimulant.  It  is  a  well  known  and 
useful  euhnary  substance. 

Soda,  Nitrate  of,  Sodx  Nitras,  Natron  ni'- 
tricum,  M'kali  minera'le  nitra'tum,  Nitrum  Cu'- 
bicum, Nitrate  of  prolox!  ide  of  Sodium,  Protroni'- 
trate  of  Sodium,  Nitrum  Rhomboidu'le,  Nitras 
Natricum.  Its  virtues  are  similar  to  those  cf  the 
nitrate  of  potass,  for  which  it  has  been  substi- 
tuted. 

Soda,  Oxymuriate  of,  Soda,  chloride  of. 

Soda,  Phosphate  of,  S.  phosphor  a' ta,  Sub- 
phosphate  of  protox'ide  of  Sodium,  Phosphas 
Natricum,  Natrum  Oxyphosphoro'des,  Subproto- 
phospltate  of  Sodium,  M'kali  minera'le  phospho- 
ra'iian,  Tasteless  purging  salt,  (F.)  Scl  admira- 
ble perle.  (Bone,  burnt  to  whiteness  and  pow- 
dered, Ibx.  Sulphuric  acid,  Ibvj ;  Carbonate  of 
soda,  q.  s.  Mix  the  bone  with  the  acid  in  a 
covered  vessel,  add  a  gallon  of  water,  and  stir. 
Digest  for  three  days,  occasionally  adding  a 
little  water  to  that  lost  by  evaporation,  and  fre- 
quently stirring  the  mixture.  Pour  in  now  a 
gallon  of  boiling  water,  and  strain  through 
linen,  gradually  adding  more  boiling  water, 
until  the  liquor  passes  nearly  tasteless.  Set  the 
strained  liquor  by,  that  the  dregs  may  subside; 
from  which  pour  off  the  clear  solution,  and 
boil  down  to  a  gallon.  To  this  solution, 
poured  off  from  the  dregs  and  heated  in  an  iron 
vessel,  add  by  degrees  the  carbonate  of  soda 
previously  dissolved  in  hot  water,  until  effer- 
vescence ceases,  and  the  phosphoric  acid  is 
completely  neutralized;  then  filter  the  liquor, 
and  set  it  aside  to  crystallize.  Having  removed 
the  crystals,  add.  if  necessary,  a  small  quantity 
of  carbonate  of  soda  to  the  liquor,  so  as  to  render 
it  slightly  alkaline;  then  alternately  evaporate 
and  crystallize  so  long  as  crystals  are  produced. 
Lastly,  preserve  the  crystals  in  a  well  stopped 
bottle. — Ph.  U.  S.)  Cathartic,  in  the  dose  of 
from  gss  to  :jj. 

Soda,  Subcau'bonatk  of,  Soda  Subtarbonas, 
Sod.-E  Carbonas,  (Ph.  U.  S.)  Subcarbonate  of 
protox'ide  of  Sodium,  Mephite  of  Soda,  Natron 
praepara'lum  Sal  Sodx,  Salt  of  Soda,  Flos  Satis, 
Sagi'men  Vitri,  Salt  of  Barilla,  Sal  at  kali,  Car- 
bonus  Soda,  of  some.  (F.)  Sous  carbonate  de 
Soude.    The  impure  subcarbonate,  dissolved  in 


water;  the  solution  filtered  and  crystallized. 
Soluble  in  two  parts  of  water  at  G0°.  It  is  much 
used  as  an  antacid  ;  and  also  aa  a  deobstruent 
in  scrofulous  and  other  affections.  Dose,  gr.  x 
to  gss. 

The  dried  Subcar'bonate  of  Soda.  Soda,  Subcar'- 
bonas  excicca'ta,  Soda:  carbonas  excicca'lus,  Car- 
bonas Sodse  sieca'tum,  (F.)  Sous-carbonate  de 
Sonde  dessich'e,  is  employed  as  an  antacid  and 
lithontriptic.     Dose,  gr.  x.   to  sv. 

Soda,  Sulphate  of,  Sodse  Sulphas,  Natron 
vitriola'tum,  Sal  cathar'fievs  Glaube'ri;  Al'call 
minera'le  sulphu'ricum,  Natrum  sulphu'ricum, 
Soda  vitriola'ta,  Sulphas  natricus,  Sal  mirab'ilis 
Glaube'ri,  Ape'rient  Salt  of  Frederick,  Glauber's 
Salts.  Obtained  from  the  salt  that  remaina  after 
the  distillation  of  muriatic  acid;  the  supera- 
bundant acid  being  saturated  with  subcarbonate 
of  soda.  It  is  soluble  in  three  parts  of  water  at 
CO0;  is  purgative,  and,  in  small  doses,  diuretic. 
Dose,  gvj  to  gx. 

The  Lymington  Glauber's  Salts  is  a  Sutphals 
of  Magnesia  and  Soda,  and  is  obtained  from  the 
mother  liquor  of  sea-water,  or  by  dissolving 
Epsom  salt  in  a  solution  of  Glauber's  salt. 

Soda,  Tartrate  of,  Tartrate  of  Potctss  and 
Soda,  Soda  Tartariza'tu,  Tar'tarized  Soda,  Sal 
Rupellcn'sis,  Rochdlc  Salt,  Sal  Po/ychrfs'/um 
Scignct'ti,  S.  Seignetli,  Stignette's  Salt,  Natron 
tar  tariza' turn,  Turlris  Potas'sse  el  Soxlce,  Sadce  ei 
Polas'scs  Tartras,  (Ph.  U.  S.,)  Turlras  Potas'sse 
et  Sodse.  (Sodx  subcarb.,  p.  1;  potass,  super  tart., 
p.  3;  aq.  ferv.,  p.  15.  Dissolve  the  subcarbo- 
nate in  water;  and  add,  gradually,  the  super- 
tartrate,  Filter  the  solution,  and  crystallize.) 
It  is  a  gentle  cathartic.     Dose,  ^ss  U>  _^j. 

Soda,  Urate  of,  Urate  of  Soda — s.  Vitriolata, 
S.  sulphate  of. 

Sod/e,  Biboras,  Borax— s.  Bicarbonas,  Soda, 
carbonate  of — s.  Boras,  Borax — s.  Boras  alca- 
lescens,  Borax — s.  Boras  supersaturus,  Borax— 
s.  Carbonas,  Soda — s.  Carbona3,  Soda  Subcar- 
bonate of — s.  Carbonas  exsiccatus,  see  Soda, 
subcarbonate  of — s.  Carbonas  impurns,  Soda — 
s.  Chloras,  Soda,  chlorate  of — s.  Murias,  Soda, 
muriate  of— s.  Nitras,  Soda,  nitrate  of — s.  Sub- 
boras,  Borax — s.  Subearbonas  impura,  Soda — s. 
et  Potassse  tartras,  Soda,  tartrate  of. 

Sodii  Chlorsdum.  Soda,  Muriate  of — s.  Chlo- 
ruretum,  Soda,  muriate  of. 

SODIUM,  Carbonate  of  protoxide  of,  Sodse 
carbonas — s.  Chloride  of,  Soda,  muriate  of — s. 
Protonitrate  of,  Soda,  nitrate  of— s.  Protoxide 
of,  hydrochlorate  of,  Soda,  muriate  of— s.  Pro- 
toxide of,  Soda  caustica — s.  Protoxide  of.  nitrate 
of,  Soda,  nitrate  of — s.  Protoxide  of,  phosphate 
of,  Soda,  phosphate  of — s.  Protoxide  of,  subcar- 
bonate of,  Soda,  subcarbonate  of — s.  Quadri- 
chlornret  of,  Soda,  muriate  of— s.  Subborate  of 
protoxide  of,  Borax — s.  Subprotoborate  of,  Borax 
— s.  Subprotophosphate  of,  Soda,  phosphate  of. 

SOFTENING,  Mollifies. 

SOI-PUUR-SOl,  'Self  for  self.'  A  law  of 
development,  indicated  by  M.  St.  Hilaire,  by 
which  like  parts  unite  to  like  parts,  and  which 
is  seen  in  cases  of  monstrosity,  when  two  foetuses 
are  united  by  the  ischia,  for  example. 

SOIE,  Sericum. 

SOIF,  Thirst— s.  Excessive,  Polydipsia. 

SOLAMEN,  INTESTINORUM,  Pimpinella 
anisum  — s.  Scabiosorum,  Fumaria. 


SOLANOID 


689 


SOLUBILITY 


SOL'ANOID,  Solanoidcs;  from  solanum,  'the 
potato,'  and  nSo;,  'resemblance.'  Resembling 
a  potato;  potato-like.  An  epithet  applied  to  a 
form  of  cancer,  which  appears  to  be  intermediate 
between  scirrhus  and  encephaloid  disease,  in- 
creasing more  rapidly  than  the  former,  yet  ap- 
proaching it  in  firmness. 

SOLA  NUM,  S.  nigrum,  S.  vulga're,  Common 
shade,  Garden  Nightshade,  (F.)  Morelle  u 
fruit  noir.  Family,  SoTanese..  Sex.  Syst.  Pen- 
tandria  Monogynia.  A  narcotic  poison. — The 
Iluilc  da  Morelle  is  made,  by  macerating  in  oil, 
for  several  days,  the  leaves  and  fruit°of  this 
plant.     The  oil  is  anodyne  and  discutient. 

SoLANOM  Dulcama'ra;  Dulcamara,  Solanum 
Scandens,  Glycipi'cros,  Ama'ra  dulcis,  Solanum 
ligno'sum,  Sxqvxvoc:,  of  Theophrastus,  Bitter- 
sweet, Woody  Nightshade,  Bittersweet  Night- 
shade, Bittersweet  Vine,  Nightshade  Vine,  Violet 
bloom,  (F.)  Douce-amere,  Morelle  grimpante. 
The  taste  of  the  stalks  is  bitter,  followed  by 
sweetness;  hence  its  name.  It  has  been  used 
in  many  diseases,  as  a  diuretic  and  sudorific, 
especially  in  chronic  rheumatism,  humoral 
asthma,  dropsy,  various  skin  diseases,  scrofula, 
and  jaundice.     Dose,  in  powder,  £)j  to  Jjj. 

Solanum  Esculentum,  S.  tuberosum — s.  Fce- 
tidum,  Datura  stramonium — s.  Furiosum,  Atro- 
pa  belladonna — s.  Lethale,  Atropa  belladonna — 
s.  Lignosum,  S.  dulcamara. 

Solanum  Lycoper'sicum;  the  Love-apple 
plant.  The  fruit  of  this,  called  Toma'ta  or  Loce- 
I  F.)  Pomme  d' 'Amour,  is  much  eaten  in 
the  United  States;  and,  with  the  French,  Spa- 
niards, Portuguese,  &c,  forms  an  esteemed 
sauce. 

Solanum  Magnum  Virginianum  Rubruji, 
Phytolacca  decandra — s.  Maniacum,  Atropa 
belladonna — s.  Maniacum,  Datura  stramonium 
s.  Melanocerasus,  Atropa  belladonna — s.  Ni- 
grum, Solanum. 

cm  Melon'gena, Melongcna,  Egg-plant, 
Mud  Apple  plant;  (F.)  Aubergine.  A  native 
of  Asia,  Africa,  and  America.  Its  oblong,  egg- 
shaped  fruit,  Pomum  Melon' gense,  Malum  insa'- 
num,  is  prepared  in  soups  and  sauces  in  those 
countries,  like  the  tomata. 

Solanum  Racemosum  Americanum,  Phyto- 
lacca decandra — s.  Scandens,  S.  Dulcamara. 

num  Sanctum;  the  Palestine  Nightshade. 
The  fruit  of  this  is  globular,  and  is  much  eaten 
in  the  countries  where  it  is  a  native. 

Solanum  Tuberos'um,  Bala' has,  Solanum  es- 
culen'tum,  Papas  America' nus,  Pappus  Ameri- 
ca'nus,  Americn'num   Tubero'sum,  Balta'ta  Vir- 
ginia'net;  the  Pota'to,  (F.)  Pomme  de  Terre.    A 
native  of  Peru.     A  nutritious  and  wholesome 
ible;  one  of  the  most  useful,  indeed,  that 
exist?.     One  hundred  pounds  of  potatoes  afford 
ten  pounds  of  starch,  which  is  equal  to  arrow- 
is  a  nutrient  and  demulcent.     It  is  called 
Flour,  P.  Star  eh,  French  Sago,  Petit  Sague, 
Common  Arrow-root,  &c. 

Solanum  Urens,  Capsicum  annuum— s.  Ve- 
Bicarium,  Physalis— s.  Vulgare,  Solanum. 

SOLAR,  Sola' r is,  from  sol,  'the  sun.'  Relating 
to  the  sun;  having  rays  like  the  sun. 

Solar  Plexus,  Centrum  commit 'ne,Cer 'ebrum 
aldomina'lS.  A  collection  of  ganglions  and  fila- 
ments, interweaving  and  anastomosing  with 
each  other  repeatedly,  and  belonging  to  the 
system  of  the  great  sympathetic.  This  vast 
plexus,  lying    on    the    vertebral    column,  the 


aorta,  and  the  pillars  of  the  diaphragm,  has  a 
very  irregular  shape.  The  ganglions  and  fila- 
ments, composing  it,  are  soft,  reddish,  and  al- 
most all  issue  from  the  semilunar  ganglions.  It 
receives,  also,  branches  from  the  pneumoeas- 
tric.  It  seems  to  be  chiefly  intended  for  the 
aorta,  and  accompanies  all  its  branches;  fur- 
nishing many  secondary  plexuses,  which  are 
called  the  infra-diaphragmatic,  caliac,  superior 
mesenteric,  inferior  mesenteric,  renal  or  emul- 
gent,  spermatic,  &c. 

SOLDANELLA,  Convolvulus  soldanella. 

SOLDIERS'   WEED,  Matico. 

SOLE,  Solum,  Pe'dion,  Peza,  Pelma,  Planta'- 
ris  superficies  pedis,  Fades  concava  seu  inferior 
seu  Planum  seu  Concavum  seu  Purs  inferior  set! 
Planities  seu  Planla  pedis,  (F.)  Plante  du  Pied. 
The  sole  of  the  foot;  the  under  surface  of  the 
foot. 

SOLEAIRE,  Soleus. 

SOLEN,  Cradle. 

SOLENA'RIUM,  from  owHrjv, '  a  canal.'  An 
instrument  of  surgery,  representing  a  kind  of 
gutter,  in  the  cavity  of  which  the  penis  was 
placed,  like  a  limb  in  a  cradle,  (q.  v.) — Galen. 
The  word  Solen  itself — aeohp,  Cana'lis — was 
used,  in  antiquity,  for  a  grooved  channel,  in 
which  a  fractured  limb  was  placed. 

SOLE'US,  Gastrocne'mius  inter'nus,  Tibio- 
calcanien,  (Ch.;)  (F.)  Solcaire,  from  solea,  'a 
sole  of  a  shoe.'  A  muscle  situate  at  the  poste- 
rior part  of  the  leg.  It  is  broad,  flat,  and  almost 
oval;  and  is  attached,  above,  to  the  posterior 
edge  of  the  fibula,  to  the  oblique  line  on  the 
posterior  surface,  and  to  the  inner  edge  of  the 
tibia.  It  terminates,  below,  by  a  large  tendon, 
which  unites  to  that  of  the  gastrocnemius  ex- 
ternus,  to  form  the  tendo  Achillis.  This  muscle 
extends  the  foot  on  the  leg,  and  conversely. 

SOLID,  Sol'idus,  Ste'reos.  A  body  whose  in- 
tegrant molecules  are  so  united  by  the  force  of 
cohesion,  that  they  will  not  separate  by  their 
own  weight.  The  solids,  in  the  human  body, 
are  the  bones,  cartilages,  tendons,  muscles,  liga- 
ments, arteries,  veins,  nerves,  membranes,  skin, 
&c.  The  anatomy,  or  rather  study,  of  the  so- 
lids, is  called  Stereol'ogy,  from  orioiog,  'solid,' 
and  ).oyoc,  '  a  discourse.' 

SOL1DAGO,  see  Solidago  virgaurea. 

Solida'go  Viugau'rea,  Virga  aurea,  Ilerha 
do'rea,  Cony'za  coma  aurea,  Sym'phytum  Petrse'- 
um,  Elirh'i ysuni,  Consol'ida  Saracen' ica,  Gulden 
rod.  Nat.  Ord.  Compositoe  Corymbiferae.  Sex. 
Systi  Syngenesia  superflua,  (F.)  Verge  d'or. 
The  leaves  of  Solida'go  odo'ra — Solida'go  (Ph. 
U.  S.),  and  flowers  have  been  recommended  as 
aperients  and  tonics,  in  urinary  diseases,  and 
in  internal  hemorrhage. 

SOL'IDISM.  The  doctrine  of  those  physi- 
cians, who  refer  all  diseases  to  alterations  of 
the  solid  parts  of  the  body.  To  the  believers 
in  this  doctrine,  the  appellation  Solidisl  has 
been  given.  The  solidists  think,  that  the  solids 
alone  are  endowed  with  vital  properties;  that 
they  alone  can  receive  the  impression  of  mor- 
bific agents,  and  be  the  scat  of  pathological  phe- 
nomena. Solidism  has  been  the  prevalent 
doctrine  until  recently.  It  is  scarcely  ne- 
cessary to  say,  that,  in  all  our  investigations, 
the  condition  of  both  solids  and  fluids  must  be 
regarded. 

SOLIUM,  Baignoire. 

SOLUBILITY,  Solubil'ilas,  from  solvere,  so- 


SOLUM 


COO 


somnambulism 


tuiufn,  '  to  dissolve/  That  property  of  a  body, 
by  virtue  of  which  it  can  be  dissolved  in  a  men- 
struum. 

TABLE  OF  THE  SOLUBILITY  OF  SOME  SUBSTANCE? 
IN  WATER. 


Benzoic, 

Citric, 

Oxalic, 

Tartaric, 

Sails. 

Acetate  of  Potass, 

Soda, 

Carbonate  of  Ammonia,. 

Magnesia,.. 

Potass 


NAMES  OF  SALTS. 


Acids 


Soda,. 

Chlorate  of  Potass,. 
Soda,. . 


Muriate  of  Ammonia,. 

Lime, 

Magnesia, . 

Potass 

Soda, 


Nitrate  of  Potass, 

Phosphate  of  Soda,. . . . 
Sulphate  of  Ammonia,. 
Copper,... 


■  Iron 

Magnesia,... 

Potass, 

Soda, 

Subborate  of  Soda 

Supersulphate  of  Potass,. 
Supertartrate  of  Potass, . . 

Tartrate  of  Potass, 

Tartrate  of  Potass  and  Soda 
Antimony, 


Solubility  in   100 
parts  water. 


at  60°.      at212=>, 


and  Potass 


:■}•■ 


0.208 
133 
50 
very  soluble. 

100 
35 
50 

2 
25 
50 

6 

35 

33 

200 

100 

33 

35.42 
14.25 
33 
25 
50 
25 
50 
100 

6.25 
37 

8.4 

5.0 

1.5 
25 
20 

6.6 


4,1: 

200 
100 


40 


100 


36.1  C 
100 
100 

50 
100 

50 
100 
133 

20 
125 

16.8 
100 
3.3 


33 


SOLUM,  Sole. 

SOLUTIO  ALEXITERIA  GAUBIANA.see 

Disinfection — s.  Ammonia?  subcarbonatis,  Li- 
quor ammonia?  subcarbonatis — s.  Arsenicalis, 
Liquor  arsenicalis— s  Arsenicata,  Liquor  arse- 
nicalis— s.  Arsenitis  kalica?,  Liquor  arsenicalis 
— s.  Calcis,  Liquor  calcis — s.  Camphorea?  a?the- 
rea,  Tinctura  a?therea  camphorata  —  s.  Cam- 
phors? oleosa,  Linimentum  camphorre — s.  Ferri 
nitratis,  see  Tinctura  ferri  muriatis — s.  Guaiaci 
gummosa,  Mistura  guaiaci — s.  Muriatis  baryta?, 
Baryta,  muriate  of — s.  Muriatis  calcis,  see  Cal- 
cis murias — s.  Muriatis  ferrici  a?therea,  Tinctura 
seu  alcohol  sulfurico-sethereus  ferri — s.  Muriatis 
hydrargyri  oxygenati,  Liquor  hydrargyri  oxy- 
muriatis— s.  Potassii  iodidi  iodureta,  Liquor  io- 
dini  compositus — s.  Resina?  guaiaci  aquosa,  Mis- 
tura guaiaci — s.  Subcarbonatis  ammoniaci  spi- 
rituosa,  Spirilus  ammonia?. 

Solutio  Sulpha'tis  Cuphi  Compos'ita,  Aqua 
mtrol'ica  eseru'lea,  Sydenham's  Shjptic  Jl'ufrr. 
(Sulpli.  cupri,  5'iij.  alum.,  acid,  su/ph.,  aa  5ij, 
aquae.  ^ viij :   dissolve,  and  filter.) 

SOLUTION,  Solu'tio,  Lysis,  (F.)  Dissolution. 
An  operation  which  consists  in  dissolving  a 
solid  body  in  a  menstruum.     Likewise,  the  pro- 


duct of  such  operation.  It  means,  also,  with 
many,  the  termination  of  a  disease: — with 
others,  a  termination  accompanied  by  critical 
signs; — and,  with  others,  again,  it  is  synony. 
mens  with  crisis. 

Solution  of  Acetate  of  Ammonia,  Liquor 
ammonia?  acetatis  —  s.  of  Acetate  of  morphia, 
Liquor  morphia?  acetatis — s.  Alkaline,  see  Fu- 
ligokali — s.  of  Alkaline  iron,  Liquor  ferri  alka- 
lini  —  s.  of  Alum,  compound,  Liquor  alnminis 
compositus  —  s.  of  Ammoniated  copper,  Liquor 
cupri  ammoniati  —  s.  Arsenical,  Liquor  arseni- 
calis— s.  of  Charcoal, concentrated,  see  Tinctura 
catechu  —  s.  of  chlorinated  soda,  Liquor  soda? 
chlorinate— s.  of  Citrate  of  potassa,  Liquor  pc- 
tassa?  citratis. 

Solution  of  Continu'itV.  Any  division  of 
parts  previously  continuous;  —  as  a  wound,  a 
fracture,  &c. 

Solution  of  Corrosive  Sublimate,  Liquor 
hydrargyri  oxymuriatis — s.  Donovan's,  see  Ar- 
senic and  Mercury,  Iodide  of — s.  Fowler's,  Li- 
quor arsenicalis — s.  of  Hydriodate  of  potass,  Li- 
quor potassa?  hydriodatis  —  s.  of  Iodide  of  iron, 
Liquor  ferri  iodidi— s.  of  Iodine,  compound,  Li- 
quor iodini  compositus — s.  of  Iron,  nitrated,  see 
Tinctura  ferri  muriatis — s.  of  Lime,  Liquor  cal- 
cis— s.  Lugol's,  Liquor  iodini  compositus  —  s. 
of  Magnesia,  condensed,  Magnesia,  fluid — s.  of 
Monro,  Liquor  of  Monro — s.  of  Oxymuriate  of 
mercury,  Liquor  hydrargyri  oxymuriatis  —  s. 
Plenck's,  see  Hydrargyri  oxydum  cinereum— 
s.  dc  Potasse,  Liquor  potassa? — s.  of  Potass,  Li- 
quor potassa? — s.  of  Subacetate  of  lead.  Liquor 
plumbi  subacetatis — s.  of  Subacetate  of  lead,  di- 
luted, Liquor  plumbi  subacetatis  dilutus — s.  of 
Subcarbonate  of  potass,  Liquor  potassa*  subcar- 
bonatis— s.  of  Sulphate  of  morphia.  Liquor  mor- 
phia? sulphatis  —  s.  of  Tartarized  antimony,  Vi- 
num  antimonii  tartarizati —  s.  of  Van  Swieten, 
Liquor  hydrargyri  oxymuriatis. 

SOLUTIVUS,  Laxative. 

SOLVENS  MINERALE,  Liquor  arsenicalis. 

SOLVENT,  (F.)  Fondant,  from  solvere,  'to 
dissolve.'  A  medicine  supposed  to  possess  the 
property  of  dissolving  or  removing  obstructions 
and  extraneous  substances.  Thus  we  have  sol- 
vents of  the  stone  in  the  bladder,  &c. 

Solvent,  Mineral,  Liquor  arsenicalis. 

Solvents,  Dissolventia. 

SOMA,  Body,  Corpus. 

SOMACETICS,  Gymnastics. 

SOMATIC,  Somal'icus;  from  awua,'  the  body.' 
That  which  concerns  the  body;  —  as  somatic 
death,  or  death  of  the  body,  in  contradistinction 
to  molecular  death,  or  the  death  of  a  part. 

SOMATOL'OGY,  Somatolog"ia,  from  awpa, 
'  the  body,'  and  \oyoq,  '  a  discourse.'  A  treatise 
on  the  human  body.     Anatomy,  (q.  v.) 

SOMATOTOMY,  Anatomy. 

SOMMEIL,  Sleep. 

SOMNAM'BULISM,  Somnambuh'tio,  Hyp- 
nobate'sis,  Hypnobata'sis,  Hypnoner1 gia,  Sc/ctw- 
ga'mia,  Ni/clobate'sis,  Seleni'asis,  Stlenias'mus, 
Somnambulic mus,  J\ryct<i!>'a*is,  jYoctambula'tio, 
Paroni'ria  am'bulans,  Noctisur'gium,  Oneiro- 
dynia acti'va,  Somno-vigil,  Sleep-walking,  from 
somnus,  'sleep,'  and  ambulare,  'to  walk.'  A 
condition  of  the  brnin  which  occasions  the  in- 
dividual to  execute,  during  sleep,  some  of  those 
actions  that  commonly  take  place  when  awake. 
It  has  been  imagined  that  the  somnambulist  is 
guided  solely  by  his  internal  senses;  but  there 


SOMNAMBULISM,  &c. 


691 


SORBEFACIEST 


are  many  facts  which  induce  the  belief  that  the 
external  senses  are  not  always  entirely  sus- 
pended. The  causes  of  somnambulism  are  very 
obscure;  and  the  principal  indication  of  treat- 
ment is, — so  to  arrange  the  bed-chamber  of  the 
somnambulist,  that  he  cannot  get  out  of  it 
durmir  sleep;  and  to  avoid  suppers,  as  well  as 
all  bodily  and  menial  excitement. 

Somnambulism,  Magnkt'ic  or  Artific"ial, 
is  that  peculiar  nervous  condition,  into  which 
individuals  have  been  occasionally  thrown  by 
the  Animal  Magnetizer.  It  has  occurred  only 
in  those  of  weak  nervous  temperament;  in  hys- 
terical females.  &c. 

SOM  N  A  M'BULIST,  Somnam'bulus,  Hypnob'- 
ates.  Noc/am'bulus.     A  sleep-walker. 

SOMNIFEROUS,  Hypnot'icus,  Soporific,  So- 
poriferous,  SoporatL'vus.  A  medicine  which 
causes  sleep. 

SOMNILO'QUIUM,  Somniloqvis'mus,  Som- 
nibquism,  from  somnus,  'sleep,'  and  loquor,'l 
epeak.:     Talking  in  the  sleep. 

SOM'NIUM,£'ra?///n«o«,  lnsom'nium,a  Dream, 
(F.)  Reve,  Souge.  A  confused  assemblage,  or 
accidental  and  involuntary  combination  of  ideas 
and  images,  which  present  themselves  to  the 
mind  during  sleep.  Dr.  S.  Mitchell,  of  New 
York,  used  the  word  Somnium  to  signify  the 
state  between  sleeping  and  waking,  in  which 
persons  perform  acts  of  which  they  are  uncon- 
scious. 

For '  waking  dreams/  see  Hallucination. 

Those  distressing  dreams  which  occur  during 
a  state  of  half  sleep,  are  called,  by  the  French, 
Revasseries. 

SOMNO-VIGIL,  Somnambulism. 

SOMNOLENCY,  Somnolen'tia,  Heaviness, 
Carus  Lethar'gus  Cataph'ora,  Cataphora.  Coma 
Somnolen'lum,  Caro'sis,  Slumber,  (F.)  Jlssoupis- 
sement.  A  state  intermediate  between  sleeping 
and  wakincr.     It  is  often  a  symptom  of  disease. 

SOMNUS,  Sleep. 

SOMl'NUS,  Sleep. 

SON,  Furfur. 

SONCHUS  OLERA'CEUS,  Cice/bita,  Sow 
Thistle,  (F.)  Laiteron  doux.  Family,  Cichora- 
cese.  Most  of  the  species  of  Sonchus  abound 
with  a  milky  juice,  which  is  very  bitter,  and 
said  to  possess  diuretic  virtues. 

SONDE,  Sound,  Specillum. 

SONDE   CANN/iLEE,  Director. 

SONDE  D\L\EL.  A  very  fine  stylet  of  sil- 
ver, awl-shaped  at  one  end.  It  is  used  for  pro- 
bing the  lachrymal  passages  through  the  punc- 
tum  lachrymale. 

SONDE  DE  BELLOC.  An  instrument  in- 
vented by  Belloc  for  plugging  the  nasal  fossre, 
in  cases  of  hemorrhage.  It  consists  of  a  curved 
silver  canula,  open  at  both  ends,  and  furnished 
with  a  button.  The  instrument  is  passed  through 
the  nares  to  the  throat;  and  a  plug  is  attached 
to  the  button,  so  that,  when  the  instrument  is 
drawn  forwards  through  the  nose,  the  posterior 
nostril  is  stopped. 

SONDE  BRISEE  (F.),  Eyed  probe.  A  long, 
straight  stvlel,  composed  of  two  parts,  which 
may  lie  screwed  to  each  other;  blunt  at  one  end, 
and  furnished,  at  the  other,  with  an  eye:  so 
that  it  may  be  used  either  as  a  probe  for  punc- 
tured  wounds,  or  for  a  seton  needle. 

SONDE  A  CONDUCTEUR,(F.)  A  modifica- 
tion of  the  ordinary  catheter;— to  facilitate  the 
chapcinir   of    catheters,   without   the   fear  of 


making  false  passages.  It  is  a  Common  cathe- 
ter, open  at  its  beak.  The  Stylet  or  Manikin  is 
one  half  longer  than  that  of  the  ordinary  cathe- 
ter. To  use  the  instrument,  the  stylet  is 
pushed  into  the  cavity  of  the  bladder  through 
the  catheter.  The  latter  is  then  withdrawn  by 
slipping  it  over  the  stylet,  which  is  kept  in  its 
place,  and  serves  as  a  guide  to  a  fresh  catheter. 

SONDE  DE  LAFOREST.  A  small,  crooked 
canula,  used  for  probing  the  nasal  duct  from  be- 
low upwards,  and  for  throwing  injections  into 
it. 

SONDE  ou  PINCE  DE  HUNTER.  A  cylin- 
drical, silver  canula;  of  the  size  of  a  common 
catheter;  open  at  both  extremities,  and  con- 
taining a  wire  of  iron,  one  of  the  ends  of  which 
is  split  into  two  parts;  each  being  terminated 
by  a  small  scoop,  and  separating  from  each 
other  by  virtue  of  their  elasticity,  when  pushed 
out  of  the  canula,  and  again  approximating 
when  drawn  in.  It  has  been  used  for  laying 
hold  of  small  calculi  in  the  urethra. 

SONDE  DE  VJRECQ,  Soda. 

SONGE,  Somnium. 

SONUS  VOCIS,  Accent. 

SOOJA,  see  Dolichos. 

SOOTH,  Fuligo-s.  Tea,  see  Fuligokali— s. 
Wart,  Cancer,  chimney-sweeper's. 

SOPHIA,  Sisymbrium  sophia — s.  Chirurgo- 
rum,  Sisymbrium  sophia. 

SOPHISTICATION,  Falsification. 

SOPHO'RA  HEPTAPHYL'LA,  Antickokr'- 
ica.  Family,  Leguminosae.  Sex.  Syst.  Decan- 
dria  Monogynia.  The  root  and  seeds  of  this 
shrub  are  intensely  bitter,  and  are  said  to  have 
been  found  useful  in  cholera,  colic,  dysentery, 
&c. 

SOPHORA  TINCTO'RIA,-  Baptis'ia  tincto'- 
via,  Podalyr'ia  Tincto'ria,  Indigof'era,  Wild  In- 
digo, Indigo  Weed,  Broom,  Indigo  Broom,  Horse- 
fly Weed,  Yellow  Broom,  Clover  Broom,  Rattle 
Bush,  Yellow  In'digo.  An  American  plant, 
the  taste  of  whose  root  is  unpleasant,  subacrid, 
and  nauseous — very  similar  to  ipecacuanha. 
In  a  large  dose,  the  bark  of  the  root  acts  both 
as  an  emetic  and  cathartic.  It  has  been  con- 
sidered antiseptic  and  febrifuge,  and  has  been 
used,  in  the  form  of  fomentation  or  cataplasm, 
in  phagedenic  and  gangrenous  ulcers.  A  lini- 
ment, prepared  by  simmering  the  cortical  part 
of  the  root  in  cream,  has  been  found  an  effica- 
cious application  to  sore  nipples  and  to  ulcera- 
ted breasts. — Coxe. 

SOPHRONIST/E  DENTES,  see  Dentition. 

SOPRON ISTERES  DENTES, see  Dentition. 

SOPHROSYNE,  Temperance. 

SOPOR.  A  profound  sleep,  (q.  v.)  from 
which  the  person  can  be  roused  with  difficulty. 
It  is  a  symptom  in  many  of  the  neuroses. 

Sopor  Caroticus,  Carus. 

SOPORATIVUS,  Somniferous. 

SOPORIFIC,  Somniferous. 

SO  11  A,  Essera. 

SORB  TREK,  Sorbus  domestica. 

SORBASTRELLA,  Pimpinella  saxifraga. 

SORBEFA'CIENT,  Sorbrfa'ricns,  from  sor- 
bere,  'to  suck  in,'  and/(/cere,  '  to  make.'  A  re- 
medy that  promotes  absorption. 

The  following  are  the  chief  Sorbefacients:— 
Acida  Vejretabilia;  Alkalia;  Ammoniacum;  Bro- 
rninum ;  Galbanum;Hydrargyri  Praparata;Ioili- 
num;  Liquor  Calcii  chloridi;Spongia  usta;Com- 


SORBETHUM 


G92  SPACE,  INTERPEDUNCULAR 


pression,  (Methodical;)  Friction;  Mental  Sor- 
befacients,  (Imagination,  Emotions.) 

SORBETHUM,  Sherbet. 

SORB ETTUM,  Sherbet. 

SORBETUM,  Sherbet. 

SOliBiER  DES  OISELEURS,  Sorbus  acu- 
paria. 

SORBUM,  see  Sorbus  domestica. 

SORBUS,  Crataegus  aria,  S.  domestica. 

Sorbus  Acupa'ria,  Mes'pilus,  Mountain  Ser- 
vice, Mountain  JJsli,  Quicken  Tree,  Roan  Tree, 
(F.)  Sorbier  des  Oiseleurs.  The  berries  of  this 
tree  are  employed  for  similar  purposes  as  the 
last. 

Sorbus  Domes'tica,  Sorbus,  Oic,  Service  or 
Sorb  Tree,  (F.)  Cormier.  Family,  Rosaceoe. 
Sex.  Syst.  Icosandria  Trigynia.  The  fruit  of 
this  tree,  Sorbum,  is  astringent,  and  lias  been 
recommended  in  diarrhoea  and  dysentery.  R  is 
given  in  the  form  of  rob.  A  kind  of  cider  is 
made  from  it,  and  also  brandy. 

SO R DES,  Rhypos.  A  dirty-looking  sanies, 
discharged  from  ulcers.  Also  accumulations 
of  the  secretions  of  the  mouth,  on  the  teeth,  in 
adynamic  fevers  more  especially.  The  French 
call  an  ulcer,  exhibiting  such  an  appearance, 
sordid.     Also  dirt  of  any  kind. 

Sordes,  Ichor,  Saburra — s.  Ventris,  Excre- 
ment. 

SORE,  Ulcer. 

Sore,  Bay.  A  disease  which  Mosely  consi- 
ders to  be  a  true  cancer.  It  is  endemic  in  the 
Bay  of  Honduras. 

Sore  Mouth, Stomatitis — s.  Gangrenous, Can- 
cer aquaticus. 

Sore  Throat,  Cynanche — s.  Clergyman's, 
Pharyngitis,  follicular — s.  Inflammatory,  Cy- 
nanche tonsillaris — s. Putrid, Cynanche  maligna 
— s.  Throat,  ulcerous,  Cynanche  maligna. 

SORENESS,  from  Teut.  seer,  (G.)  Sell  r, 
'very,'  Sax.  rar1  Parup'sis  acris  teneritu'do. 
Painful  uneasiness  or  tenderness,  local  or  ge- 
neral, on  being  touched  with  a  pressure  that 
does  not  usually  excite  distressing  feeling. 
Often,  a  febrile  symptom.  Also,  the  tender- 
ness of  a  wound,  ulcer,  &c. 

SORGHUiM,  Panicum  Italicurn. 

SORORIATIO.  The  period  at  which  the 
breasts  of  the  female  become  developed.  The 
act  of  becoming  thus  developed.  A  young 
maiden,  whose  mamma;  begin  to  show  was  for- 
merly  called  sororians  virgo. — Plautus. 

SORREL,  COMMON,  Rumex  acetosa— s. 
French,  Rumex  scutatus — s.  Garden,  Rumex 
scutatus — s.  Mountain,  Oxalis  acetosella,  Qxy- 
ria  reniformis — s.  Salt  of,  Potass,  oxalate  of — s. 
Roman,  Rumex  scutatus — s.  Tree,  Andromeda 
arborea — s.  White,  Oxalis  acetosella — s.  Welsh, 
Oxyria  reniformis. 

SOTIREL'LA.  Ancient  name  of  a  medicine 
composed  of  opium,  several  narcotics,  nutmeg, 
saffron,  camphor,  and  soot.  It  was  used  in  cer- 
tain diseases  of  the  teeth. 

SOUBRESAOT,  Subsultus  tendinum. 

SOUCHERLOON,  Bit  noben. 

SOUCHETDES  LYDES,  Curcuma  longa— 
s.  Odorant,  Cyperus  longus—  s.  Rond,  Cyperus 
rotundas. 

SOUCf,  Calendula  officinalis,  Panophobia — 
s.  des  Champs,  Calendula  arvensis. 

SOUDE  J1ER&,  Sodrc  carbonas — s.  Borate 
sarsaiuri  dc.  Borax — s.  Carbonate  dc,  Soda;  car- 
bonas—  s.    Caustiquc,   Soda  caustica — 5.  a  la 


Chaux,  Soda  caustica — s.  du  Commerce,  Soda — 
s.  Crayeuse,  Sodae  carbonas — s.  Effervescente, 
Soda;  carbonas — s.  Pure, Soda  caustica — s.  Sous- 
borate  dc,  Borax—  s.  Sous-carbonate  de,  Soda,  sub- 
carbonate  of. 

SOUFFLE, see  Murmur,  respiratory— 5.  Am- 
phorique,  see  Cavernous  respiration — s.  Metal- 
Li  que,  see  Cavernous  respiration — s.  Placentaire, 
Bruit  placentaire — s.  Tubaire,  see  Murmur,  res- 
piratory— a.  Utcrin,  Bruit  placentaire. 

SOUFRE,  Sulphur—  s.  Sublime,  Sulphur  sub- 
limatum. 

SOUND,  Spccill'um,  Stylus,  Explorato'rium, 
Radi/olus,  (F.)  Sonde.  An  instrument  used  by 
surgeons,  to  discover  whether  there  be  a  stone 
in  the  bladder.  It  is  usually  made  of  highly 
polished  steel,  and  is  shaped  like  the  catheter. 

The  French  Sonde  has,  however,  a  more  ex- 
tensive signification.  It  means  differentinstru- 
ments  introduced  into  cavities  of  certain  organs, 
or  into  wounds,  fistulas,  <fec,  to  investigate 
their  condition;  or  to  fulfil  some  therapeutical 
indication.     See  Sonde. 

Sound,  Bruit — s.  Bellows,  friction,  rasp,  saw, 
lancet,  &e.  see  Bruit — s.  Auricular,  Apyromele. 

SOUNDING,  Searching. 

SOUPIR,  Sisrh. 

SOUR  BERRY,  see  Oxycantha  Galeni.  Vac- 
cinium  oxyocccos — s.  Dock,  Boreal,  Oxyria 
reniformis  —  s.  Leaf,  Andromeda  arborea — s. 
Tree,  Andromeda  arborea — s.  Wood,  Andro- 
meda arborea. 

SOURCIL,  Supercilium. 

SOVRCILIRR,  Corrugator  supercilii,  Super- 
ciliary. 

SOURDS-MUETS.  see  Mutitas  surdorum. 

SOURIS,  Nictation. 

SOUSJiCROMIO-CLAVl-HUMERAL,  Del- 
toid— s.  Atlo'idien,  Subatloidams — 5.  Jlxoidicn, 
Subaxoidteus — s.  Clavier,  Subclavius — s.  Cos- 
taux,  Intercostal — s.  Cutani,  Subcutaneus— s. 
itpineux,  Infra-spinatus — s.  Lingual,  Sublingual 
— s.  Maxillaire,  Submaxillary — ,v.  Mar  ill 0 -labial, 
Depressor  anguli  oris — s.  Mental,  Submental — 
s.  Mctacarpo-lateri-phalangien,  Prior  annularis 
— s.  Optico-spheno-sclc'roticicn,  Rectus  inferior 
oculi — s.  Orbitaire,  Suborbitar — s.  Pubio-coccy- 
gicn,  Levator  ani — s.  Pubio-creli  tibial,  Gracilis 
s.  Pubio-pretibial,  Gracilis — s.  Pubio-trochante- 
rien-externe,  Obturator-externus — s.  Pubio-tro- 
chantcrien-inteine,  Obturator  internus— 5.  Sca- 
pulaire,  Subscapulars  —  s.  Scapulo-trochinicn, 
Subscapulars — s.  Sels,  see  Salt. 

SOUTHERNWOOD,  Artemisia  abrotanum 
— s.  Field,  Artemisia  campestris — s.  Maritime, 
Artemisia  maritima — s.  Tartarian,  Artemisia 
santonica. 

SOWBREAD,  Arthanita,  Cyclamen. 

SOY,  see  Dolichos  soja. 

SPA,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  A  town 
7  leagues  S.  E.  of  Liege,  where  there  are  seve- 
ral springs,  possessing  a  sharp  acidulous  taste; 
containing  much  carbonic  acid,  carbonates  of 
iron,  lime,  and  magnesia;  carbonate  of  soda,  and 
chloride  of  sodium.  The  water  is  much  used 
as  a  tonic. 

Spa  Water,  Artificial.  Sodx  subcarb.,  gr. 
vij;  magnesia?  carbon.  £)j>  limal.  Jerri,  gr.  iij, 
sodx  inuriat.,  gr.  j;  aquse,  Oiij.  Impregnate 
with  gas  from  marble  powder  and  sulph.  acid., 
aa  Qx. 

SPACE,  INTERPEDUNCULAR,  Tarini  pons 


SPADO 


693 


SPATHESTER 


— s.   Perforated,    anterior,    Locus    perforalus 
anticus— s.  Perforated,  posterior,  Tarini  pons. 

SPADO,  Castratus,  Eunuch. 

SPAG"IRISTS.  from  a-naa,  'I separate,'  and 
aytipoj,  'I  assemble;'  because  they  reduced  com- 
pounds into  elements;  and  formed  the  latter 
into  compounds  (?)  A  sect  of  physicians,  who 
pretended  to  accountfor  the  changes  that  occur 
in  the  human  body  in  health  and  disease,  in 
the  same  manner  as  the  chymists  of  their  day 
explained  those  of  the  inorganic  kingdom. — 
Medici'na  Spngir'ica,  was  likewise  called  Her- 
met'ica,-  because  it  was  believed  that  the  means 
of  cure  adopted  in  it  had  been  found  in  the 
books  of  Hermes. 

SPAGYR1A,  Chymistry. 

SPANiE'MIA,  from  anavoc,  'poor,'  and  'aifat, 
'blood.'  Poverty  of  the  blood.  Diminution  in 
the  quantity  of  fibrin  and  red  corpuscles  of  the 
blood, — as  where  bleeding  has  been  carried  be- 
yond certain  limits. — Simon. 

SPANDARAPUM,  Sparadrapum. 

SPANISH  FLY,  Cantharis. 

SPANOPO'GON,  from  trnctvog, l rare,'  and 
nwycer,  'beard.'  Loss  of  beard,  or  thinness  of 
beard. — Vogel. 

The  Greeks  called  those  who  had  little  beard, 
or  who  had  lost  it,  Spanopogo'ncs. 

SPARADRAPIER.  The  name  of  a  machine 
for  spreading  sparadraps.  A  Plaster  machine. 
It  consists  of  a  table,  with  two  raised  pieces, 
movable,  and  furnished  with  points,  by  which 
the  cloth  can  be  stretched,  and  of  a  lamina  or 
blade  of  metal  to  extend  the  plaster  over  it. 

SPARADRA'PUM,  Sparadrapus,  Tela  em- 
plas'tica,  Spandara'pum,  (F.)  Spar  air ap.  Any 
adhesive  plaster  spread  upon  linen  or  paper. 
The  chief  sparadraps  are  the  following: — 

Sparadrapum  pro  Fontic'ulis,  Issue  Plas- 
ter,- which  is  sometimes  made  of  simple  dia- 
chylon, Kij ;  Burgundy  pitch,  and  sarcocolla,  each 
^iv ;  common  turpentine,  §j.  Spread  upon  linen 
and  polished  with  a  moistened  calendering  glass 
rubber. 

Sparadrapum  Vir'ide,  Corn  Plaster.  This 
may  be  made  of  yellow  wax,  Ibij;  Burgundy 
pitch,  ^x\y,  common  turpentine,  Zvy,  verdigris, 
5iij,  spread  on  cloth  and  polished. 

Kennedy's  Com  plaster  is  made  of  yellow  wax, 
Ibj;  Venice  Turpentine,  §ij;  verdigris,  fy\. 

Sparadiiapum  seu  Tela  Galteri,  Defensive 
Plaster,  (F.)  Toile  de  Gautier.  This  is  made  of 
olive  oil,  lijss;  suet,  giv;  wax,  jfx;  litharge, com- 
mon turpentine  thus  and  mastich,  aa  §ij;  bole 
armeniac,  flour,  aa  gj.  Pour,  it,  while  liquid, 
upon  cloth,  and  spread.  Used  for  issues,  and  to 
keep  on  dressings. 

Sparadrapium  Adhtesi'vum,  Adhdsive  Plas- 
ter. A  spread  plaster  of  the  Emplaslrum  adhx- 
sivum,  (q.  v.)     It  is  also  called  Strapping. 

English   Court  Plaster  is  a  Sparadrap,   (F.) 


stock' ii,  E.  Ichthyocol'lse  telx  indue' turn,  E.  Gluti- 
no'sum,  Tela  Ichthyocol'lce  glulinans.  It  is  made 
by  stretching  black  silk,  and  brushing  it  over 
with  a  solution  of  isinglass  gj,  in  proof  spirit, 

fxij,  to  which  tinct.  benz.  gij,  are  added.  When 
ry,  this  is  repeated  five  times;  after  this,  two 
coats  are  given  it  of  a  solution  of  tercb.  Chix 
?iv,  in  tinct.  benz.  gvj,  which  renders  it  less 
liable  to  crack. 


SPARAGMA,  Laceration. 

SPARAGMOS,  Spasm. 

SPARAGUS,  Asparagus. 

SPARAL'LIUM,  Clyster  uteri'nus,  An  in- 
jection into  the  vagina. — Ruland  and  Johnson. 

SPAREDIA.  A  ligature  covered  with  the 
white  of  egg. — Paracelsus. 

SPAR'GANON,  from  e-5r«?yw,  'I  swathe,  I 
wrap.'  'Swathing  clothes;'  a  kind  of  bandage, 
with  which  children  were  formerly  surrounded. 
— Foesius.     Also,  Fascia,  (q.  v.) 

SPARGANO'SIS,  Intumescen'tia  lactea  mam- 
ma'rum,  Mastodxjn'ia  polyg'ala,  from  anagyata, 
'I  am  ready  to  burst.'  Extreme  distention  of 
the  breasts  by  milk. — Galen. 

Sparganosis  Puerperarum,  Phlegmatia  do- 
lens. 

SPARROWGRASS,  Asparagus. 

SPAR'TIUM  JUN'CEUM,  Spanish  broom. 
A  small  European  shrub,  cultivated  in  the  gar- 
dens of  the  United  States,  on  account  of  its 
yellow  flowers.  The  seeds  are  diuretic  and 
tonic,  in  small  doses;  emetic  and  cathartic  in 
large.  They  have  been  used  in  dropsy — 10  or 
15  grains  three  times  a  day. 

Spartium  Scopa'rium,  Cyt'isus  scopa'rius, 
Genis'ta,  Broom,  Cytiso -genista,  (F.)  Genet  a 
balai.  Family,  Leguminosae.  Sea;.  Syst.  Dia- 
delphia  Decandria.  Broom  Tops — Spartii  Cacu- 
mina,  Scopa'rius  (Ph.  U.  S.) — have  a  bitter  taste, 
and  are  possessed  of  diuretic  properties.  They 
have  been  used  in  dropsies.  Dose,  of  the  pow- 
der, Qj  to  £j.  All  the  genistas  have  similar  vir- 
tues. A  decoction  of  the  genista,  along  with  the 
cauterization  of  the  pustules  under  the  tongue, 
has  been  recommmended  in  hydrophobia. 

SPASM,  Spasmus,  Sparag'mos,  Synol'ce,from 
otcolu),  '  I  draw.'  The  Greeks  gave  this  name 
to  all  kinds  of  convulsion.  It  is  now  usually 
applied  to  involuntary  muscular  contractions; 
and  these,  again,  have  been  divided  into  tonic 
spasm  (see  Tetanus,)  which  consists  in  com- 
plete rigidity  and  immobility  of  the  muscles 
that  are  the  seat  of  it;  and  into  clonic  spasm, 
which  consists  in  alternate  contractions  and  re- 
laxations, (see  Convulsion.) 

Cullen  has  a  class,  Spasmi. 

Spasm,  Clonic,  Convulsion — s.  Cynic,  see 
Canine  laugh— s.  with  Rigidity,  Tetanus. 

SPASME  DE  LA  VESSIE,  Cystospasmus. 

SPASMODES,  Convulsive. 

SPASMODIC,  Spasmoticus. 

SPASMOL'OGY,  Spasmolog"ia,  from  onaa- 
uos,  'spasm,'  and  Aoyog,  'a  treatise.'  A  treatise 
on  spasms. 

SPASMOT'ICUS,  Spas'licus,  Spasmodic. 
Any  thing  relating  to  spasm.  Also,  an  anti- 
spasmodic. 

Morbi  constricto'rii,  M.  spasmot'ici,  &c,  are 
diseases  accompanied  with  spasm. 

SPASMUS,  Convulsion,  Spasm — s.  Glottidis, 
Asthma  thymicum — e.  Maxillse  inferioris,  Tris- 
mus— s.  Aurium,  Otalgia — s.  Ventriculi,  see 
Cardialgia — s.  Vesicae,  Cystospasmus. 

SPAS'NIA,  same  etymon.  (?)  A  term,  used 
by  Mercurialis,  to  designate  the  lancinating 
pain,  produced,  at  times,  in  the  chest,  by  vio- 
lent fits  of  coughing. 

SPAST1CUS,  Spasmoticus,  Tonic  spasm. 

SPATHA,  Hypaleiptron. 

SPATHES'TER,  from  anam,  'I  draw.'  (?)  A 
surgical  instrument,  used  for  drawing  the  pre- 


SPATHOMELE 


G'J4 


SPERMATIC  ARTERIES 


puce  over  the  glans,  when  too  short.— P.  Am- 
man. 

SPATHOMELE.  Spatula. 

SFATHULA   FCETIDA,  Iris  fa-tidissima. 

SPATHYEMA  FCETIDA,  Dracontium  fce- 
tidum. 

SPATILE,  artaTiXi;,  'human  excrement.'  A 
liquid  fecal  evacuation.  Excrement,  (q.  v.) — 
Hippocrates. 

SPAT'ULA,  Diminutive  of  Spa'lka,  onady, 
'a  broad-sword.'  Spathome'le,  a/iaSouii'/.tj,  Spe~ 
cill'vm  latum.  An  instrument,  used  for  spread- 
ing plasters,  stirring  ointments,  &c. 

SPEARWORT,  Ranunculus  flammula. 

SPECIES,  Powders,  compound — s.  Aromati- 
ca?,  Pulvis  cinnamomi  compositus  — s.  Diacin- 
namomi,  Pulvis  cinnamomi  compositus — s.  Dia- 
cret»,Pulvus  creta?  compos. — s.  Diajalapa?,  Pul- 
vis jalaps  compositus — s.  Diambrae  sine  odoratis, 
Pulvis  cinnamomi  compositus — s.  Diatragacan- 
tha3  frigidae,  Pulvis  tragacanthas  compositus — s. 
Hierae  picra,  Pulvis  aloes  cum  canella — s.  Lrr- 
tificantes  Rhazis,  Pulvis  cinnamomi  compositus 
— s.  e.  Scordio  cum  opio,  Pulvis  crete  composi- 
tus cum  opio— s.  e.  Scordio  sine  opio,  Pulvis 
cretas  compositus. 

SPECiF'IC,  Specif'icus,  from  species,  'a 
form  or  fashion,'  and  flacere,  'to  make.'  A  sub 
stance  to  which  is  attributed  the  property  of 
removing,  directly,  one  disease  rather  than  any 
other.  Probably  no  such  remedy  exists.  Mer- 
cury in  syphilis,  and  svlphur  in  the  itch  have 
been  regarded  as  the  strongest  examples. 

SPECIFIC  OF  HERRENSCHWAND.  A 
once  celebrated  German  vermifuge.  It  is  said 
to  have  consisted  of  10  grains  of  Gamboge,  with 
20  of  Carbonate  of  Pvtassa.  It  is  affirmed,  also, 
that  mercury  and  arsenic  have  been  found  in 
it.— Paris. 

SPEC1FICUM  PARACELSI,  Potassee  sul- 
phas. 

SPECIL'LUM,  Mele,  Stylus,  from  specio,  'I 
examine.' — Special  rion,  Spicil.'lum:  a  probe, 
(F.)  Stylet,  Sonde,  (q.  v.)  A  surgical  instru- 
ment,employed  for  examining  wounds,  fistulas, 
and  for  passing  setons,  &c.  It  is  usually  formed 
of  silver;  and  is  terminated,  at  one  end,  by  an 
olive-shaped  button.  The  eyed  probe  has  an 
aperture  at  the  other  extremity. 

Spk cillum,  Everriculum,  Hypaleiptron, 
Sound — s.  Aurieularium,Apyromele — s.Cereum, 
Bougie — s.  Latum, Spatula — s.  Minus,  Melotis. 

SPECLARION,  Specillum. 

SPKC'TACLES,  from  spectare,  'to  behold.' 
Conspicil'la,  (F.)  Besides,  Lunettes*  ordinaircs. 
Conserves.  Glasses  to  assist  the  sight;  arranged 
so  as  to  be  adapted  to  both  eyes  at  the  same 
time.  These  glasses  are  more  or  less  concave 
or  convex,  according  as  the  sight  is  more  or  less 
short  (myopic.:)  or  long  (presbyopic.) 

SPECULA'RIS  LAPIS.  A  transparent  mi- 
neral, but  of  what  nature  is  not  clear,  which 
was  formerly  employed  in  epilepsy.  In  old 
times  it  was  used  for  glass. — Pliny. 

SPECULUM,  Catop'ter,  Catop'iron,  Diop'- 
iron.  In  Latin,  'a  mirror;'  from  specio,  'I  see.' 
In  surgery,  it  means  different  instruments  for 
dilating  cavities,  and  facilitating  their  examina- 
tion. See  Dilator.  There  are  various  instru- 
ments of  this  kind, — the  &  Ani,  S.  Vagina, 
(Colpeuryn'ter,  Elytreurynter,)  S.  Matri'cis,  S. 
Oculi,  S.  Oris,  ((F.)  Baillon,)  S.  Gulturis,  S. 
Vesicae. 


Speculum  Citiuni'm,  Orpimont — s.  Indicum, 
Ferri  limatura — s.  Lucidum,  Septum  lucidum 
— s.  Oris,  Glossocatochus — s.  Veneris,  Achillea 
millefolium. 

SPECUS,  Vulva— s.  Cordis,  Ventricle  of  the 
Heart. 

SPEDALSKE,  see  Radzyge. 

SPEECH,  Voice,  articulated. 

SPEECHLESSNESS,  Mutitas. 

SPEEDWELL,  Brooklime,  Veronica  becca- 
bunga — s.  Female,  An  tirhinum  e  la  tine — s.  Offici- 
nal, Veronica — s.  Water,  Veronica  beccabuno-a. 

SPELTRUM,Zincum. 

SPERM,  from  o/rtiow,  '  I  sow.'  Spermat'ic 
fluid  or  liquor,  Sem'inal  fluid,  Seed,  Semen,  S. 
viri'le  sen  maseuli'num  sen  gcuitale,  Genitalis, 
Medultse,  ryds'ma,  Ros,  Sa?iguis,  Scrum,  Hu- 
mor genitu' lis  seu  seminal  lis  seu  vene'reus,  Uri'- 
na  genita' Us,  Genitu 'ra,  Sperma,  S.  viri'le,  Tlto'rS, 
Thfi'rus,  Lac  maris,  Male's  milk,  Proj/agatory 
or  genital  liquor,  Vita'lS  virus,  Vital  or  quicken- 
ing venurn.  A  whitish,  viscid  fluid,  of  a  pecu- 
liar smell,  secreted  by  the  testicles,  whence  it 
is  carried  by  the  vasa  deferentia  to  the  vesicular 
seminales,  to  be  thrown  into  the  vagina,  during 
coition,  through  the  ejaculatory  ducts  and  the 
urethra.  It  is  the  fecundating  fluid,  and  must 
come  into  actual  contact  with  the  germ  of  the 
female.  The  Jlura  sem'inis,  Gonau'ra  is  inca- 
pable of  eft'eclintr  fecundation.  The  semen,  at 
the  time  of  emission,  is  composed  of  two  dif- 
ferent fluids;  the  one  liquid  and  milky,  which 
is  considered  to  be  the  secretion  of  the  prostate, 
— the  other,  white,  and  as  thick  as  mucilage; 
the  product  of  the  testicular  secretion.  The 
sperm  contains,  according  to  Vauquelin,  900 
parts  of  water,  50  of  animal  mucilage,  10  of 
soda,  and  30  of  calcareous  phosphate.  The 
animal  matter  is  peculiar,  and  by  some  termed 
spcr  matin. 

Microscopic  observations  show  that  it  con- 
tains Spermatozo'a  (q.  v.),  or  more  properly  sper- 
matozoids,  for  their  animalcular  nature  is  very 
questionable.  By  careful  examination,  accord- 
ing to  Wagner,  other  minute,  round,  granulated 
bodies  may  almost  always  be  detected,  which 
are  in  all  cases  much  less  numerous  than  the 
spermatozoa.  These  bodies  he  calls  seminal 
granules,  (q.  v.)  Pure  sperm,  he  considers,  in 
its  most  perfect  state,  consists  principally  of 
seminal  animalcules  and  seminal  granules;  both 
of  which  are  enveloped  in  a  small  quantity  of 
fluid. 

It  has  been  imagined,  but  erroneously,  that 
during  coition,  there  is  a  secretion  of  female 
sperm — Semen  mulie'bre,  T/tclyg'onum.  The  in- 
creased secretion  that  lakes  place  is  chiefly 
from  the  glands  of  Duverney. 

SPERMACETI,  Cetaceum— s.  Whale,  see 
Cetaceum. 

SPERMACRASIA,  Spermatorrhoea. 

SPERMAT'IC,  Spermat'icus, Scmina'lis.  That 
which  relates  to  the  sperm.  A  name  given  to 
different  parts  connected  with  the  organs  of 
generation. 

Spermatic  Arteries,  .f].  Spermat'icx,  A. 
prmparan'tes,  Arteres  tesliculaires,  A.  de  Vovairt 
(Ch.)  are  two  in  number; — one  on  each  side, 
— and  arise  from  the  sides  of  the  aorta,  some- 
times from  the  renal  arteries.  They  descend, 
almost  vertically,  at  the  sides  of  the  vertebral 
column,  and  are  distributed  differently  in  the 
two  sexes.     In  man,  the  spermatic  artery,  situ- 


• 


SPERMATIC  OR  TESTICULAR  CHORD    fi'Ju  SPHENOMAXILLARY,  &c. 


nte  at  the  side  of  the  vas  deferens,  issues  by  the 
abdominal  ring;  gives  numerous  ramifications 
to  the  spermatic  chord,  and  divides  into  two 
fasciculi  of  branches,  one  of  which  goes  to  the 
testicle.— the  other  to  the  epididymts.  In  the 
female,  the  spermatic  artery  dips  into  the  pelvis, 
and  passes  to  the  ovarium,  Fallopian  tube,  and 
round  ligament. 

Spermatic  or  Testicular  Chord,  Funic- 
ulus Spermaticus,  Corpus  varico'sum,  (F.)  Cor- 
don spcrmatique  ou  testiculaire.  The  vascular 
and  neivous  chord,  by  which  the  testicle  is  sus- 
pended. It  is  composed  of  the  spermatic  artery 
and  veins;  of  other  small  vessels;  of  lympha- 
tics; of  nervous  filaments  from  the  spermatic 
plexus,  and  from  the  genito-crural  branch  of 
the  lumbo-abdoininal  plexus;  of  the  vas  defe- 
rens, and,  very  often,  of  a  fibro-cellular  chord, 
which  unites  the  peritoneum  to  the  upper  part 
of  the  tunica  vaginalis,  and  in  which,  encysted 
hydrocele  of  the  spermatic  chord  occurs.  All 
these  parts  are  united  together  by  a  very  lax, 
cellular  tissue,  and  surrounded  by  coats,  which, 
reckoning  from  without,  are;— 1.  The  skin  and 
cellular  membrane.  2.  A  fibro-cellular  mem- 
brane, formed  by  the  fascia  superficialis.  3.  A 
very  thin  layer,  formed  by  fibres  of  the  cremas- 
ter  muscle,  united  archwise  before,  and  often, 
also,  behind,  the  chord.  4.  The  proper  sheath 
of  the  spermatic  vessels,  or  the  tubular  prolon- 
gation, furnished  by  the  fascia  transversalis  to 
the  chord,  on  a  level  with  the  superior  orifice  of 
the  inguinal  canal.  The  spermatic  chord  is 
commonly  shorter  on  the  right  side  than  on  the 
left:  and  of  a  different  size  in  different  indivi- 
duals. It  ascends,  almost  vertically,  from  the 
superior  margin  of  the  testicle  as  far  as  the 
lower  orifice  of  the  inguinal  canal;  passes 
through  this  canal,  and  enters  the  abdomen, 
crossing  the  epigastric  artery.  Here  it  forms 
an  evident  elbow,  directing  its  course  back- 
ward. At  this  part,  also,  the  organs,  composing 
it,  separate  from  each  other: — the  vas  deferens 
descending  into  the  pelvis  to  pass  behind  the 
bladder; — the  blood-vessels  and  lymphatics  as- 
cending towards  the  lumbar  region,  &c. 

Spermatic  Passages  or  Ways,  Vise  Sperma- 
Ucae,  are  the  canals  concerned  in  the  excretion 
oi"  semen. 

Spermatic  Plexuses  of  nerves,  Plexus  testi- 
culares,  are  two  in  number,  and  are  furnished 
by  the  renal  plexuses.  Their  filaments,  called 
Spermatic  naves,  follow  the  arteries  of  the  same 
name  to  the  testicle  in  man;  and  to  the  ovary 
and  Fallopian  tube  in  the  female.  They  cannot 
be  traced  into  the  substance  of  these  organs. 

Spermatic  Veins  are  two  or  three  in  num- 
ber, on  each  side.  They  accompany  the  sper- 
matic artery,  and  open  : — those  of  the  right,  into 
the  vena  cava  inferior  ;  those  of  the  left,  into  the 
corresponding  renal  vein.  These  veins  form, 
above  the  testicle,  a  kind  of  venous  network, 
called,  by  some,  the  Spermatic  Plexus;  and 
another  plexus  before  the  psoas  muscle,  called 
the  Corpus  pampiniforme. 
SPERMAT1N,  see  Sperm. 
SPERMATOCELE,  Hc/nia  semina'Us  Scro- 
ti, Osclieoce'lS  semina'Us,  Gonoce'ie,  from  o.-ienua, 
'.-perm,'  and  xijatj,  '  a  tumour.'  The  ancients 
gave  this  name  to  certain  swellings  of  the  tes- 
ticle, which  were  regarded  as  produced  by  an 
accumulation  of  sperm  in  the  organ.  Also, 
Varicocele,  (q.  v.) 


SPERM  ATOID,  Gonoides. 
SPKRMATOL'OGY.   Sptrmatolag"ia,  from 
aniofta,  'sperm,'   and  Aoyoc,  '  a  discourse.'     A 
treatise  on  sperm. 

SPERM kTQYHORQVS,  Seminiferous,  (q.  v.), 
from  aainua,  'sperm.'  and  <ptqia,  'I  carry.' 
Sperm-bearing.  The  cells  or  granules  in  the 
sperm  have  been  so  called. 

SPERMATOFCE'US,  Spermalopcieus,  from 
oneQHu,  'sperm,'  and  nuntr,  '  to  make.'  Food, 
to  which  has  been  attributed  the  property  of 
augmenting  the  secretion  of  semen;  and,  con- 
sequently, of  exciting  the  veneieal  act.  Very 
succulent  and  very  nutritious  substances  have 
been  so  considered. 

SPERMATORRHCE'A,  Spermorrha'a,  Sper- 
macra'sia,  Gonacra'sia,  Gonacrati'a,  (F.)  Ftvx 
de  Sperme,  Pollutions,  Pertes  sdminales;  from 
cr.Tfoiia,  'sperm,'  and  §sc»,  'I  flow.'  An  emis- 
sion of  sperm,  without  copulation.  See  Gonor- 
rhoea and  Pollution. 

Spermatorrhea  Atonica,  Gonorrhoea  laxo- 
rum. 

SPERM  ATOZO'A,  from  cn^fx-x,  'sperm,' 
and  twor,  'animal.'  Zoospermes,Sperrnalozoaires, 
Spermatozoids.  Spermatic  animalcules. (?)  Ani- 
malcules seen  in  the  sperm,  and  by  some  sup- 
posed to  be  the  formative  agents  in  generation. 
See  Sperm. 

SPE RMA  TO Z OAIR  ES,  S perm atozoa. 
SRERMATOZOIDS,  Spermatozoa. 
SPERMORRHCEA.  Spermatorrhoea. 
SP  HACKLE,  Sphacelus— s.  de  la  Bouche, 
Cancer  aquaticus. 

SFHACELIA  SEGETUM,  see  Ergot. 
SPHACELISMUS,   Sphacelus—  s.    Cerebri, 
Phrenitis. 

SPHACELUS,  Gaunrse'na  Sphacelus,  Spha- 
celus'mns,  Cold  mortification,  (F.)  Sphacele,  Gan- 
grene froide,  from  otfuLw,  'I  slay.'  This  word  is 
used,  by  some,  synonymously  with  gangrene 
(q.  v.);  by  others,  with  gangrene  when  it  occu- 
pies the  whole  substance  of  a  limb.  Commonly, 
it  means  the  disorganized  portion,  in  cases  of 
mortification,  which  must  be  thrown  off" — or  is, 
in  other  words,  totally  dead.  The  foul,  disorga- 
nized portion  of  an  ulcer — called  the  slough — 
must  be  considered  -a  kind  of  sphacelus. 

Sphacelus  was  formerly  used  for  excessive 
pain;  and  for  agitation  fiom  excessive  pain,  or 
violent  emotion. 

SPH/ERA,  Pila— s.  Marina,  Pila  marina— s. 
Thalassia,  Pila  marina. 

SPH^ERAiNTHUS  INDICUS,  Adaca. 
SPIEERlDIOiX.Pilula. 
SPHiERION,  Globule,  Piluhi. 
SPILEROCEPHALA    ELATIOR,    Echi- 
nops. 

SPH^EROCOCCUS  CRISP  US,  Fucus.  cris- 
pus. 

SPHAGE,  Throat. 
SPHENDONE,  Funda. 
SPHItNO-SALPLyG  O-MA  LL IEJY,  Laxator 
tympani. 

SPHENO-MAX'ILLA  RY,  Sph scno-m axilla' '- 
ris.  That  which  relates  to  the  sphenoid  and 
maxillary  bones.  j 

Sphenomaxillary  or  Inferior  Or'bitar 
Fissure,  (F.)  Fente  split 'tto-maxilluire  ou  orbi- 
taire  inferieure,  called,  also,  Fora'mcn  lac" erum 
infe'rius,  F.  sphrno-maxilla'rc,  is  situate  at  the 
posterior  pnrt  of  the  angle,  formed  by  the  union 
of  the  internal  and  inferior  parietes  of  the  orbit. 


SPHENO-MAXILLARY  FOSSA 


69G 


SPHINCTER 


It  is  constituted,  above,  by  the  sphenoid  bone; 
below,  by  the  superior  maxillary  and  palate 
bones;  and,  before,  by  the  malar  bone.  It  is 
narrower  at  the  middle  than  at  the  extremities, 
and  forms  a  communication  between  the  orbitar 
cavity  and  the  zygomatic  fossa. 

Spheno-maxillary  Fossa  is  a  name  given, 
by  some  anatomists,  to  a  depression  at  the  union 
of  the  spheno-maxillary  and  pterygo-maxillary 
fissures. 

SPHENO-OR'BITAR.  A  name  given,  by 
Beclard,  to  the  anterior  part  of  the  body  of  the 
sphenoid  bone,  which  is  developed  by  a  varia- 
ble number  of  points  of  ossification. 

S P HE N O-PAL'ATIJNE,  Sphenopalati'nus. 
That  which  relates  to  the  sphenoid  and  palate 
bones. 

Spheno-palatine  Aiiterv,  or  Large  lateral 
nasal,  is  the  termination  of  the  internal  maxil- 
lary. It  enters  at  the  posterior  part  of  the  su- 
perior meatus  of  the  nose,  through  the  spheno- 
palatine foramen,  and  spreads  its  numerous 
branches  on  the  pituitary  membrane  covering 
the  septum,  the  cornua,  and  the  meatus. 

Foramen  Sphen»-palatinum  is  a  round  aper- 
ture, formed  by  the  vertical  portion  of  the  os 
palati  and  the  sphenoid.  It  establishes  a  com- 
munication between  the  nasal  fossae  and  the 
zygomatic  fossa. 

Spheno-palatine  Ganglion,  or  Ganglion  of 
Meckel,  Sphenoidal  G.  (Ch.)  A  small,  nervous, 
cordiform,  or  triangular  ganglion,  of  variable 
size,  situate  without  the  foramen  sphneno-pala- 
tinum,  in  the  pterygo-maxillary  fissure.  It 
seems  suspended  by  several  nervous  filaments 
to  the  trunk  of  1.1m  superior  maxillary  nerve, 
and  gives  oft'  internal  or  spheno-palatine  fila- 
ment*, inferior  or  palatine  f  laments,  and  a  pos- 
terior filament,  which  is  the  Vidian  or  pterygoid 
nerve. 

Spheno-palatine  Nerves  or  Lat'cral  nasal, 
arise  from  the  ganglion — just  described— at  its 
inner  part,  and  enter  the  nasal  fossa?  by  the 
spheno-palatine  foramen.  They  are  5  or  G  in 
number,  and  distribute  their  filaments  to  the 
outer  and  inner  parietes  of  the  nasal  fossa?. 
One  of  the  most  remarkable  branches  is  the 
J\'aso-palatine,  (q.  v.) 

Spheno-Palatinus,  Levator  palati. 

SPHEN O-PARIETAL,  Sphcno-pariria'lis. 
That  which  belongs  or  relates  to  the  sphenoid 
and  parietal  bones. 

Spheno-parietal  Suture  is  formed  by  the 
articulation  of  the  extremity  of  the  Greater  ala 
of  the  sphenoid  with  the  anterior  and  inferior 
angle  of  the  parietal  bone. 

SPIIENO-PTERYGO-PALATINUS,  Cir- 
cumflexus — s.  Salpingo-staphylinus,  Circum- 
flex. 

SPHENO-STAPHYLINUS,  Levator  palati. 

SPHENO-TEM'PORAL,  Spheno-tempora'lis. 
That  which  belongs  to  the  sphenoid  and  tem- 
poral bones. 

Spheno-temporal  Suture  is  the  suture  at 
the  articulation  of  the  great  ala?  of  the  sphe- 
noid bone  with  the  squamous  portion  of  the 
temporal.  Beclard  gives  the  name — sphmo- 
temporal — to  the  posterior  part  of  the  body  of 
the  sphenoid,  which  is  developed  by  distinct 
points  of  ossification. 

SPHE'NOID,  Sphenoi'des  Os,  from  c-cpijv,  'a 
wedge,'  and  tidog,  'resemblance.'  Os  basila're, 
seu   cuneifor'mS  seu   cu'neo  compara' turn   seu 


spbenoida'ls  seu  multifor'me  seu  az'ygos  seu 
papilla'rS  seu  polymor' phon  seu  paxilla're  seu 
baxilla'rB  seu  (diifor'mE  seu  spheco'i'des  seu 
Vespifor'mS  seu  inconjuga'lum,  Pterygoid  Done. 
An  azygous  bone,  situate  on  the  median  line, 
and  at  the  base  of  the  cranium.  It  articulates 
with  all  the  other  bones  of  that  cavity;  sup- 
ports them,  and  strengthens  their  union.  Its 
form  is  singular,  and  resembles  a  bat  with  its 
wings  extended.  It  has,  1 .  An  inferior  or  gut- 
tural surface,on  which  is  situate  the  crista,  that 
joins  the  vomer;  a  channel,  which  concurs  in 
forming  the  pterygo-palatine  foramen;  the 
pterygoid  process;  the  pterygoid  fossa;  the 
scaphoid  depression;  the  Vidian  or  pterygoid 
canal;  the  foramina — ovale,  spinale,  &c.  2. 
A  superior  or  cerebral  surface,  on  which  are  : — 
the  clinoid  processes;  the  pituitary  fossa;  the 
foramina  (ovale,  rotundum,  and  spinale;)  the 
Apophysis  of  Ingrossias  or  lesser  wing;  the 
foramen  opticum,  &c.  3.  An  occipital  or  pos- 
terior surface,  which  is  articulated  with  the 
basilary  process  of  the  occipital  bone.  4.  An 
anterior  or  orbitar-nasal  surface,-  having,  ante- 
riorly, a  crista  to  unite  with  the  ethmoid  bone; 
and,  on  each  side,  a  round  aperture,  which  leads 
into  two  cavities  in  the  substance  of  the  bone, 
separated  by  a  middle  septum,  and  called  the 
sphenoidal  sinuses.  5.  Two  zygomato-temporal 
or  external  surfaces,  which  correspond  to  the 
temporal  and  zygomatic  fossa?. 

Some  divide  the  sphenoid  into  body  or  mid- 
dle portion;  and  alx,  which  are  four  in  number, 
and  are  subdivided  into  great  (Temporal Plates 
or  Wi?igs)  and  little  (Apophyses  of  Ingrassias.) 
The  Sphenoid  suture  surrounds  the  bone. 

Sphenoid,  Spinous  Process  of  the,  Sphe- 
noidal spine. 

SPHEN OI'D A  L,  Sphcndida'lis.  That  which 
belongs  or  relates  to  the  sphenoid. 

Sphenoida'lia,Coenua,  Cornets  spheno'idaux. 
Cornels  de  Bertin,  Ossa  triangula'ria,  Pyramids 
of  Wistar.  Two  small,  thin,  and  curved  bones, 
situate  between  the  sphenoid  and  ethmoid,  with 
which  they  are  confounded,  in  the  adult.  They 
have  the  shape  of  a  hollow  pyramid,  with  the 
base  turned  backwards;  and  are  developed  by 
a  single  point  of  ossification.  They  are  articu- 
lated with  the  sphenoid,  ethmoid,  palate  bone, 
and  vomer. 

Sphenoidal  or  Supe'rior  Or'bitary  Fis- 
sure, Fora'men  lad'erum  svpe'rius,  (F.)  Fente 
sphenoidale,  is  a  large  fissure,  situate  between 
the  great  and  little  ala  of  the  sphenoid.  It  is 
seen  at  the  upper  and  back  part  of  the  orbit, 
between  which  and  the  cranium  it  is  a  means 
of  communication. 

Sphenoidal  Spine,  (F.)  £pine  sphenoidale, 
Spinous  Process  of  the  Sphenoid,- — 1.  A  pro- 
jecting crista  at  the  inferior  surface  of  the  sphe- 
noid bone,  for  articulation  with  the  vomer.  2. 
A  triangular  process,  Jlpophyse  sous-temporak, 
(Ch.)  met  with  near  the  posterior  margin  of 
the  same  bone,  behind  the  foramen  spinale.  At 
the  point  of  the  spinous  process,  a  styloid  pro- 
cess is  frequently  met  with. 

SPHENOIDES,  Cuneiform. 

SPHENOSIS,  see  Wedged. 

SPHEX,  Wasp. 

SPHINCTER,  Constric'tor,-  from  rqiiyyw,  'I 
constrict.'  A  name  given  to  several  annular 
muscles,  which  constrict  or  close  certain  na- 
tural openings. 


SPHINCTER  ANI 


C37 


SPINACH 


Sphincter  Ani,  Annula'ris  Ani,  Many  ana- 
tomists have  described  two  sphincter  muscles 
of  the  anus: — 1.  The  &  exte/nus,  Aspidis1- 
cos,  S.  cuta'neus,  Coccygio-cutane-sphincter,  Or- 
bicularis Recti,  Constric'tor  Jlni,  Coccygioanal, 
(Ch.)  It  is  situate  around  the  anus;  is  ellip- 
tical from  before  to  behind;  flattened,  and 
pierced  at  its  middle.  Its  fibres  describe  con- 
centric arcs,  which  are  attached,  behind,  to  the 
extremity  of  the  coccyx,  by  a  dense,  cellular 
substance;  and  are  confounded,  anteriorly,  with 
the  bulbo-cavernosi  and  transversi  perinsei  mus- 
cles. This  muscle  contracts  and  closes  the 
anus.  2.  The  inner  or  internal  Sphincter  Ani, 
Sphincter  intestina'lis  of  Winslow,  is  by  many 
anatomists  considered  as  the  termination  of  the 
circular  fibres  of  the  rectum.  It  is  annular, 
and  situate  around  the  inferior  extremity  of  the 
rectum,  to  the  extent  of  about  a  finger's  breadth. 
It  has  the  same  uses  as  the  other. 

Sphincter  GuljE,  Constrictores  pharyngis 
— s.  Ilei,  Bauhin,  valve  of — s.  Intestinalis, 
Sphincter  ani  internus — s.  Labiorum,  Orbicu- 
laris oris — s.  Oculi,  Orbicularis  palpebrarum — 
e.  Palpebrarum,  Orbicularis  palpebrarum — s. 
Pylori,  see  Pylorus — s.  Vaginse,  Constrictores 
cunni — s.  Venlriculi,  Pylorus. 

Sphincter  Vesi'cs,  Sphincter  of  the  bladder. 
Some  anatomists  have  given  this  name  to 
whitish,  elastic,  and  circular  fibres,  which  sur- 
round the  neck  of  the  bladder,  but  do  not  con- 
stitute a  particular  muscle.  Morgagni  has 
given  the  name  Pseudo-Sphincter  to  the  an- 
terior fibres  of  the  levator  ani,  which  pass  be- 
neath the  neck  of  the  bladder,  and,  by  their 
contraction,  close  that  opening. 

SPHRAGIDONYCHARGOCOME'TA,  from 
ryouyig,  'a  seal,'  ovv^,  '  the  nail,'  agyog, '  white,' 
or  perhaps  etQyvQog,  'silver,'  and  y.o{A.ca>,  'I 
adorn.'  A  charlatan  who  adorned  his  fingers 
to  the  very  nails  with  rings. — Aristophanes, 
Hippocrates. 

SPHYG'MICA  \RS,  Sphygmic  art,  from 
o-tpvy/xog,  'the  pulse.'  The  art  of  judging  by 
the  pulse,  in  health  or  disease. 

SPHYGMOCEPHALUS,  Crotaphe. 

SPHYGMOLOG"IA,  from  o-^vyfAo?,  'the 
pulse,'  and  hoyoc, '  a  description.'  The  doctrine 
of  the  pulse. 

SPHYGMOMETER.  Pulsilegium. 

SPHYGMOS,  Pulsation,  Pulse. 

SPHYRA,  Malleolus. 

SPHYXIS,  Pulsation. 

SPIC,  Lavendula. 

SPICA,  Fascia  Inguina'lis ;  the  Spica  band- 
agc>  (F.)  £pi-  A  bandage  so  called  in  conse- 
quence of  its  somewhat  resembling  a  spike  of 
barley.  The  turns  of  the  bandage  cross  like 
the  letter  V; —  each  leaving  a  third  of  the  roller 
uncovered.  It  is  distinguished  into  ascending 
and  descending.  It  may  be  applied  over  various 
parts  of  the  body;  and  in  a  different  manner 
in  each  case:  thus,  there  is  the  Spica  inguinal- 
lis,  Spica  inguina'lis  duplex,  the  spica  for  the 
shoulder,  and  another  for  the  thumb. 

Spica  Alpina,  Valeriana  Celtica— s.  Celtica, 
Valeriana  Celtica— s.  Indica,  Nardus  Indica— s. 
Nardi,  Nardus  Indica. 

SPICEBERRY,  Gaultheria.Laurus  Benzoin. 

SPICEBUSH,  Laurus  Benzoin. 

SPICEWOOD,  Laurus  Benzoin. 

SPICES,  FOUR,  see  Myrtus  pimenta. 

SPIClLLUM>Specillum. 
45 


SPIDERWORT,  Liliacro. 

SPIGELIA,  S.  Marilandica. 

Spige'lia  Marilan'dica,  Anthcl'mia,  Spigd- 
lia  Lonid'era,  Feren'nial  fVormgrass  or  Indian 
Pink,  Curoli'na  Pink,  Starbloom,  Worm  root. 
Nat.  Order,  Gentianese.  Class,  Penlandria. 
Order,  Monogynia.  Indigenous.  The  root — 
Spigelia,  (Ph.  U.  S.) — is  celebrai0d  as  an  an- 
thelmintic, particularly  in  cases  of  lumbrici. 
It  is  also  asserted  to  have  been  found  ser- 
viceable in  remittent  fever.  It  is  a  narcotico- 
acrid.     Dose,  gr.  x  to  gss. 

SPIGNEL,  ^thusa  meum. 

SPIKENARD,  Conyza  squarrosa,  Nardus 
Indica — s.  American,  Aralia  racemosa — s.  Small, 
Aralia  nudicaulis — s.  Tree,  Aralia  spinosa. 

SPILAN'THUS  ACMEL/LA,  Achmella,  Ac- 
mc/la,  Balm-leaved  Spilanthus.  Family,  Corym- 
biferee.  Sex.  Syst.  Syngenesia,  Polygamia  asqua- 
lis.  This  plant  possesses  a  glutinous,  bitter 
taste,  and  fragrant  smell.  The  herb  and  seed 
are  said  to  be  diuretic  and  emmenagogue.  They 
have  been  used  in  dropsies,  jaundice,  fluor  al- 
bus,  and  calculous  complaints;  given  in  infu- 
sion. 

Spilanthus,  Balm-leaved,  Spilanthus  ac- 
mella. 

Spilanth'us  Olera'ceus,  Spear-leaved  Spi- 
Janthus,  (F.)  Cresson  de  Para.  A  tincture  of 
the  plant  has  been  recommended  in  toothache. 

SPILI,  see  Naevus. 

SPILOMA,  see  Naevus. 

SP1LOSIS,  Epichrosis — s.Ephelis,Ephelides 
—  s.  Poliosis,  Poliosis. 

SPILSBURY'S  ANTISCORBUTIC  DROPS. 
An  empirical  preparation,  formed  of  hydrarg. 
oxymur.,  rad.  gentian.,  cort.  aurant.  sice.,  fia  sjij, 
anlimon.  crud.,  santal.  rubr.  Ha,  3J>  spirit  us  vmi 
rec/if.,  aquse,  aa  §viij. 

SPINA, 'a  thorn,'  Spine,(F.)£pine.  Aprocess 
on  the  surface  of  a  bone,  which  has  been  com- 
pared to  the  spines  or  thorns  on  certain  vege- 
tables. The  chief  processes  of  this  name,  are: 
—the  nasal  spine,  the  spine  of  the  scapula,  the 
spine  of  the  ischium,  the  four  iliac  spines,  the  pa- 
latine spine,  the  maxillary,  the  sphenoid,  &c. 
The  spine  of  the  back  is  the  collection  of  vertebrae 
constituting  the  vertebral  column,  (q.  v.) 

Spina,  Penis — s.  Acida,  Oxycantha  Galeni — 
s.  ^Esyptiaca,  see  Acacias  gummi — s.  Alba,  Car- 
duns  marianus,  Mespilus  oxyacantha — s.  Bifida, 
Hydrorachis — s.  Cervina,  Rhamnus  —  s.  Dorsi, 
Verlebral  column — s.  Ferrea,  Pin — s.  Helmon- 
tii,  Aiguillon — s.  Hirci,  Astragalus  verus — s. 
Infectoria,  Rhamnus. 

Spina  Vento'sa,  Spinx  ventos'itas,  Terddo, 
Fungus  Artic'uli,  Arthroc'acB,  Paedar  throe' aci, 
While  Swelling,  (of  some,)  Sidera'lio  Ossis,  Can- 
cer Ossis,  Gangrx'na  Ossis,  Exosto'sis.  A  term 
of  no  definite  meaning,  as  is  obvious  from  these 
various  words  having  been  considered  its  syno- 
nymes.  By  some,  it  is  defined  to  be — a  disease 
of  the  osseous  system,  in  which  the  texture  of 
the  bone  dilates,  seeming  to  be  distended  with 
air,  and  constituting  a  variety  of  osteo-sarcoma. 
By  others,  it  is  considered  to  be  a  tumour  arising 
from  an  internal  caries  of  a  bone;  occurring 
most  frequently  in  the  carpus  or  tarsus.  The 
term  itself  is  a  translation  from  the  Arabic  of 
Rhazes. 

Spina  Ventosa,  Hydrarthrus,  Mollities  os- 
sium— s.  Vertebralis,  Vertebral  column. 

SPINACH,  Spinacia. 


SPINACIA 


G98 


SPIRIT 


SPINA'CIA,  Spina' c.liia,  Spinn'cia  olera'cea. 
Spin' age,  Spinach,  (F.)  Epinnrd.  Family,  Atrip- 
licece.  Six.  Syst.  Dieceia  Pentandria.  A  plant 
which  resembles  the  cabbage  in  its  dietetic 
powers.  The  leaves  boiled ,  with  the  addition 
of  oil,  form  a  good  emollient  cataplasm.  It  has 
been  used  in  phthisical  complaints;  but  its  me- 
dicinal properties,  if  it  have  any,  are  not  now 
regarded. 

SPINjE  VENTOSITAS,  Spina  ventosa. 

SPIJNAGE,  Spinacia. 

SPINAL,  Spina'lis,  (F.)  itpiniere,  from  spina, 
*  the  spine.'  That  which  relates  to  the  verte- 
bral column. 

Spinal  Arteries  are  two  in  number,  viz: 
1.  The  posterior  spinal,  Arttre  mediant  posti- 
rieure  du  Rachis,  (Ch.)  It  arises  from  the  ver- 
tebral, near  the  corpora  pyramidalia,  and  de- 
scends on  the  posterior  surface  of  the  spinal 
marrow,  distributing  its  ramifications  to  it.  2. 
The  anterior  spinal  artery,  A.  mediant  ante- 
rieure,  (Ch..)  is  larger  than  the  last,  and  arises, 
also,  from  the  vertebral.  It  descends,  in  a  ser- 
pentine manner,  upon  the  anterior  surface  of 
the  marrow;  furnishes  ramusculi  to  it,  and 
unites  with  that  of  the  opposite  side,  opposite 
the  foramen  raajnum  occipitis.  A  very  tortu- 
ous branch  arises  from  this  union,  which  de- 
scends as  far  as  the  inferior  extremity  of  the 
marrow,  to  which  it  sends  numerous  divisions. 

The  term  Spinal  Arteries,  or  Rachidian  Ar- 
teries, is  also  given,  in  the  abstract,  to  all  the 
arteries  of  the  spinal  marrow  and  vertebral 
canal.  The  same  may  be  said  of  the  veins  and 
nerves. 

Spinal  Cord,  Medulla  spinalis— s.  Prolonga- 
tion, Medulla  spinalis. 

Spinal  Foram'ina,  (F.)  Trous  rachidiens,  in 
the  abstract,  are  the  foramina,  formed  by  every 
two  contiguous  vertebrae,  through  which  the 
spinal  nerves  issue.  See  Vertebral.  The  term 
For  a' men  Spinoffs  is  especially  applied,  how- 
ever, to  a  small  foramen,  in  front  of  tha  spinous 
process  of  the  sphenoid  bone,  through  which 
the  middle  artery  of  the  dura  mater  enters  the 
cranium.  It  is,  likewise,  called  Foramen  spheno- 
spino'sam,  (F.)  Trou  Sphcno-cpineux  ou  petit 
road,  Truu  epineux. 

Sp-i  n  a  l  1  rkita'tion,  Rhachialgi'tis,  Neuralgia 
spina' lis, JYolal'gia.  A  modern  pathological  view, 
which  refers  most  nervous  diseases  to  irritation 
of  the  spinal  cord.  This  irritation  is  presumed 
to  be  indicated  by  tenderness  on  pressure  over 
the  spinous  process  of  one  or  more  vertebra;,  or 
over  the  nerves  proceeding  from  the  cord  and 
distributed  to  the  parts  at  the  sides  of  the  spine 
Such  tenderness,  however,  by  no  means  indi- 
cates the  pathological  condition  in  question,  as 
it  is  often  met  with  in  those  enjoying  perfect 
health.  The  treatment  advised  is  cupping  and 
counter-irritation  on  each  side  of  the  spine, 
which  may  be  beneficial  in  such  diseases,  no 
matter  what  part  of  the  frame  may  be  in  a  mor- 
bid state,  by  exciting  a  new  and  revellent  im- 
pression on  a  very  sensible  portion  of  the  cuta- 
neous surface. 

Spinal  Nerve,  Accessory  of  the  Par  vagum 
or  8th  pair,  Accessory  nerve  of  IVillis,  Spinal 
Accessory,  Spino-eranio  trapczien,  Superior  res- 
piratory N.,  Eleventh  pair  of  encephalic  nerves, 
Trachdlo-dorsal,  (Ch.)  arises  from  the  medulla 
spinalis,  within  the  vertebral  canal,  between, 
the  anterior  and  posterior  roots  of  the  cervical 


nerves,  at  a  greater  or  less  distance  from  the 
cranium.  The  roots  unite  to  form  the  nerve, 
which  ascends  into  the  cranium  through  the 
foramen  magnum  of  the  occipital  bone,  and 
issues  by  the  foramen  lacerum  posterius,  cross- 
ing the  sterno-cleido-mastoidens,  to  which  it 
gives  filaments,  and  losing  itself  entirely  on  the 
trapezius  muscle. 

Spinal  Nerves,  Vertebral  nerves. 

SPIN  ALES  COLLI  MlNORES.Interspinales 
colli— s.  et  Transversales  lumborum,  Trausver- 
salis  dorsi. 

Spinalis  Cervicis,  Semi-spinalis  colli — s. 
Colli,  Semi-spinalis  colli. 

Spinalis  Dorsi,  Grand  epincvx  du  dos,  Spi- 
nalis Dorsi  major.  Winslow  calls  thus,  some 
fleshy  fasciculi,  which  are  situate  on  the  late- 
ral surfaces  of  the  spinous  processes;  from  the 
third  dorsal  vertebra  to  the  first  or  second  lum- 
bar; and  which  form  part  of  the  transverso- 
spinalis  of  most  authors.  The  same  anatomist 
calls — Spina'lis  Dorsi  minor,  Petit  epineux  du. 
dos — some  small,  fleshy  fibres,  situate  on  each 
side  of  the  interspinal  ligament.  They  are 
short,  flat,  and  pass  from  one  spinous  process 
to  the  other.  Like  the  preceding,  they  form 
part  of  the  transverso-spinalis.  All  these  fleshy 
fasciculi  strengthen  the  vertebral  column. 

SPINATI,  Interspinals  colli. 

SPINE,  Vertebral  column — s.  Curvature  of 
the,  Gibbositas. 

SP IN  1-AXOIDO-OCCIPITALIS, Rectus  ca- 
pitis posticus  major — s.  Axoido-trachcli-atlu'idien, 
Obliquus  inferior  capitis. 

SP1NITIS,  Myelitis. 

SPINO-DORS1TIS,  Myelitis. 

SPINOLA.Hydrorachis. 

SPINOUS,  Spino'sus,  (F.)  £pineux.  Having 
the  shape  of  a  spine  or  thorn. 

Spinous  Proc"esses  or  Apoph'vses  of  the 
Ver'ttbrae,  Acan'thas,  Cynol'ophoi,  (F.)  Apophyses 
e'pincuses,  are  situate  at  the  posterior  part  of 
each  vertebra,  and  afford  attachment  to  the 
muscles,  whose  office  it  is  to  extend  the  spine. 
See  Vertebra. 

SPIRAC'ULA,  (F.)  Spiracules,  from  spiro,'l 
breathe.'     Respiratory  pores  of  the  skin. 

SPIR^E'A  FILIPEN'DULA,  Filipendula, 
S'txif'raga  rubra,  Dropuwrt,  (F.)  Fit '  pindule. 
Family,  Rosacea?.  Sex  Syst.  Icosandria  Penta- 
gynia.  The  root  of  this  plant  is  said  to  possess 
astringent  and  lithontriplic  virtues. 

Spirje'a  Tomento'sa,  Hardback,  Red  meadow- 
sweet, Steeple  bush,  Rosy  bush,  White-leaf.  This 
indigenous  species,  which  is  abundant  in  the 
northern  stales  of  the  Union,  is  tonic  and  as- 
tringent; and  is  usually  administered  either  in 
the  form  of  extract  or  of  decoction,  (spirxx^se; 
aquae  Oj.) 

Spikjea  Trifoliata,  Gillenia  trifoliata. 

SpiRjEa  Ulma'kia,  Ulmariu,  Regi'na  Prati, 
Bui l/a  caprse,  Meadow  Sweet.  Queen  of  the  Mea- 
dows, Bar' hula  cupri'na,  (F.)  Ulmaire.  Reine 
des  Pres.  The  leaves  have  been  recommended 
as  mild  astringents; — the  flowers  as  antispas- 
modics and  diaphoretics. 

SPIKAMENTA  PULMONUM,  see  Pulmo. 

SPIRAMENTUM  ANIM/E.  Pulmo. 

SP1RAMLNA  PALPEBRARUM, Lachrymal 
puncta. 

SPl  RATIO,  Respiration. 

SPIRIT,  Spir'itus,  from  spirare,  'to  exhale,' 
(F.)  Esprit.     A   name   given    to   every  liquid 


SPIRIT 


699 


SPIRJTUS  J3THERIS,  &c. 


product  of  distillation.  Spirits  were  formerly 
distinguished  into  —  inflammable,  acid,  and 
alkaline;  and  consequently  a  number  of  sub- 
stances were  crowded  together,  which  often 
resembled  each  other  in  no  other  property  than 
in  bt> i ti^f  volatile.  The  term  is  now  confined 
to  alcoholic  liquors,  of  which  the  following  are 
the  chief. 

Agua  Ardiente.  Distilled  from  pulque,  .the 
fermented  juice  of  the  Agave,  by  the  Mexicans. 

Arrack.  Distilled  from  coarse  palm  sugar, 
named  jaggery,  fermented  with  the  bark  of  the 
Mimosa  leucopklea;  also  from  rice  and  the  fer- 
mented juice  of  the  Palm;  made  in  India.  Its 
varieties  are — 

1.  Mahwah  Arrack.  Made  in  India  from  the 
flowers  of  the  Madhuca  tree,  Bassia  butijrat.ea. 

2.  Tuba,  Made  from  palm  wine,  in  the  Phi- 
lippine Islands 

Araka.  Distilled,  by  the  Tartars,  from  kou- 
mis,  fermented  mares'  milk. 

Jiralii.  Distilled  from  dales,  by  the  Egyp- 
tians. 

Aiika.  A  variety  of  koumis,  distilled  from 
fermented  mares'  milk,  in  Tartary  and  Ice- 
land. 

Brandy.  Distilled  from  wine,  figs,  peaches, 
persimmon  apple,  mulberries,  and  sometimes 
other  fruits,  in  Europe,  Asia,  North  and  South 
America,  wherever  wine  is  made.  The  best 
brandy  is  that  of  Cognac  ;  the  next,  that  of  Bor- 
deaux and  Rochelle.     The  varieties  are — 

1.  Lau.  Made  from  rice,  in  Siam. 

2.  Rakia.  Made  in  Dalmatia  from  the  husks 
of  grapes  mixed  with  aromatic?. 

3.  Rossolto.  Made  at  Dantzic,  from  a  com- 
pound of  brandy,  rossolis,  and  other  plants. 

4.  Troster.  Made  on  the  Rhine,  from  the 
husks  of  grapes,  fermented  with  barley  and  rye. 

5.  Srk/s  kayavodka.  Made  from  the  lees  of 
wine  and  fruit  at  Scio. 

Genera  Hollands,  (genietre,  French  for  juni- 
per.) Distilled  from  malted  barley  and  rye. 
rectified  on  juniper  berries,  in  Holland.  Its 
.variety  is — 

Gin.  Made  in  England,  from  malted  barley, 
rye,  potatoes;  rectified  with  turpentine. 

Goldioasser.  Distilled  at.  Dantzic, from  wheat, 
barley,  and  rye.  rectified  with  aniseed,  cinna- 
mon, and  other  spices. 

Kirschwasser.  Distilled  from  the  Malacheb 
cherry,  in  Switzerland. 

Maraschino.  Distilled  from  the  Macarska 
cherry,  at  Zara,  the  capital  of  Dalmatia. 

Rum,  (supposed  to  be  derived  from  the  ter- 
minal syllable  of  the  word  saceharum:  but  the 
native  Americans  called  this  liquor  Rum.)  Dis- 
tilled, in  the  West  Indies  and  South  America, 
from  cane  sugar  and  molasses,  and  in  North 
America  from  maple-sugar.     Its  variety  is— 

Slalkaia  trava.  Made'at  Kamtschatka,  from 
a  sweet  grass. 

Showcltoo.  Distilled,  in  China,  from  the  lees 
of  mandarin,  a  wine  made  from  boiled  rice. 

Whisky,  (supposed  to  be  derived  from  usque, 


from  the  root  of  the  Tee-root,  baked,  pounded 
and  fermented. 

To  these  may  he  added  an  intoxicating  liquor, 
made  by  the  Affghanistans,  from  ewes'  milk; 
and  that  made  at  KamtsclMtka,  from  a  species 
of  mushroom,  named  muchumer. 

Spirit  of  Aniseed,  Spiritus  anisi — s.  Bath- 
ing, Freeman's,  see  Linimentum  saponis  com- 
pos.— s.  Bathing,  Jackson's,  see  Linimentum 
saponis  compos. — s.  Bezoardic  of  Bussius,  see 
Bussii    spiritus   Bezoarticus — s.    Bone,  Liqu<  r 
volatilis   eornu   cervi — s.  of  Burrhus,   Burrhi 
spiritus    matriealis— s.   of  Carraway,    Spiritus 
carui — s.  of  Ether,  aromatic,  Spiritus  setheris 
aromaticus — s.  Fuming,  of  Beguin,  Ammonias 
sulphuretum — s.  Fuming,  of  Boyle,  Ammonite 
sulphuretum — s.  of  Hartshorn,   Liquor   cornu 
cervi — s.  of  Horseradish,  compound,  Spiritus 
armoraciae  compositus — s.  of  Lavender,  Spiritus 
lavandula; — s.  of  Lavender,  compound,  Spiritus 
lavandula;   compositus — s.   of  Mindererus,    Li- 
quor ammonia;  acetatis — s.  of  Nitre,  sweet,  Spi- 
ritus setheris  nitrici — s.  of  Nitric  ether,  Spiritus 
setberis  nitrici — s.  of  Pennyroyal,  Spiritus  pu 
lejrii — s.  of  Peppermint,  Spiritus  menthse  pipe- 
rita;— s.  Proof,  Spiritus  tenuior — s.  of  Salt,  Mu- 
riaticum   acidum — s.   of  Scurvygrass,   golden, 
see  Spiritus  armoracia;  compositus — s.  of  Spear- 
mint, Spiritus  mentha;  viridis — s.  of  Sulphuric 
ether,  Spiritus  ajtheris  sulphuric! — s.  of  Sulphu- 
ric ether,  compound.  Spiritus  setheris  sulphuric! 
compositus — s.  of  Turpentine,  Oleum  terebin- 
thinac  rectificatum — s.  Verdigris,  Acet.icum  aci- 
dum— s.  of  Wine  and  camphor,  Spiritus  cam- 
phorse. 

SPIRITS,  ANIMAL,  Nervous  fluid. 
SPIRITUS,  Breath,    Respiration -s.    ^Ethe- 
reus  nitrosus,  Spiritus  setheris  nitrici — s.  JEthe- 
reus  vitriolicus,  Spiritus  a2theris  sulphurici. 

Spihitus  jE'theris  Aromat'icus,  JEther 
Sul/ihu'ricus  cum  alcoho'lS  aromat'icus,  Elix'ir 
vitrio'li  dulci,  Sweet  Elixir  of  Vit'riql,  Viga'ni's 
El  xir  of  Vitriol,  Aromat'ic  Spirit  of  Ether.  ( Cin- 
nam.  cort.  contus.  giij,  car  dam.  sem.  contus. 
Zisa,  piperis  longi  fruct.  cont.,  zi.n gib.  rad.con- 
cis.,  sing.  3J,  spiritus  setheris  sulphuric.  Oj. 
Macerate,  for  14  days,  in  a  stopped  glass  vessel 
and  strain.  Ph.  L)  It  is  used  as  a  stimulant 
in  nervous  affections.     Dose,  f.  £ss  to  f.  pjj. 

Sfiritus  ^Ethekis  Nit'rici,  Sp.  JEtherts  ni- 
tro'si,  Sp.  nitri  dulcis,  Sp.  JElhe' reus  nitro'sus, 
Sweet  Spirit  of  Mire,  Nitre  drops,  JElher  nitricus 
alcoolisatus,  Spirit  of  Nitric  Ether.  (Nitrate  of 
Potassa,  in  coarse  powder,  Ibij,  Sulphuric  acid, 
Ibiss:  Alcohol,  Oixss;  Diluted  Alcohol,  Oj;  Car- 
bonate of  Potassa,  !§j.  Mix  the  nitrate  of  po- 
tassa and  the  alcohol  in  a  large  glass  retort,  and 
having  gradually  poured  in  the  acid,  digest 
with  a  gentle  heat  for  two  hours;  then  raise  the 
heat,  and  distil  a  gallon.  To  the  distilled  li- 
quor add  the  diluted  alcohol  and  carbonate  of 
potassa,  and  again  distil  a  gallon. — Ph.  U.  S.) 
It  is  refrigerant,  diuretic,  antispasmodic,  and 
diaphoretic.     Dose  g't.  xxv.  to  f.  gj. 

Spiritus  .<Ether is  Suf.phu'rici,  JEther  Sul- 


the  two  first  syllables  of  usquebagh,  the  original  phuricus  cum  /Ucoho'le ,  Liquor  JEihcreusSul- 
name  in  Ireland  )  Distilled,  in  Scotland  and  phuricus,  Spiritus  Vitrioli  dulcis,  Spiritus  JiUlhe- 
Ireland  from  malted  and  raw  barley,  rye,  oats,  ris  vitriolici,  Liquor  Sulphurieus  alcoohsatus, 
and  potatoes:  and  in  the  south  of  France,  from  \Spirit  of  Sulphuric  Ether.  {JElher  sulphuric. 
oes      In   Ireland  it  was  called  builcenun,  or    Oss,  sp.  red.  Oj.     Mix.     Ph.   L.)     Stimulant, 


madness  of  the  head.     The  best  Scotch  whisky 
is  Glenlioet,  the  best  Trish,  Ennishowen. 

Y-wcr  a.     Distilled,  in  the  Sandwich  Islands 


diaphoretic,  diuretic,  and  antispasmodic.     Dose, 
f.  £ss  to  f.  ^iij. 
'Si'iritus\(Etheris  Sulphurici  Compos'itus, 


SPIRITUS  .ETHERIS 


700 


SPIRITUS  MENTHA  VIRIDI9 


Sp.  athcris  vitriol ici  compositus ,  Liquor  anod'y- 
nus  Hoffmanni,  Compound  Spirit  of  Sulphuric. 
ether,  Hoffmann's  Anodyne.  Liquor.  {JEther.  Sul- 
phuric. Oss;  Alcohol.  Oj;  01.  JEther.  f.  giij,  Ph. 
U.  S.  Ph.  L.)  Mix.  A  stimulant  and  anti- 
spasmodic. 

Spiritus  ^Etheris  Vitriolici  Compositus, 
Spiritus  Eetheris  sulphuric,  comp. 

Spiritus  Ammo'nia,  Alkali  ammoni'acum spi- 
rituo'sum,  Al'cohol  ammonia' turn,  Sp.  salis  am- 
moni'aci, Ammoni'  acaalcoholisa'  ta ,  Liquor ammo' '- 
nii  vino'sus,  L.  ammonia,  spirituo'sus,  Liziv'ium 
ammoniaco! Ye  vino' sum,  Spiritus  salis  ammoni'aci 
vino'sus  seu  dulcis  seu  dulcijica'tus,  Solu'tio  sub- 
carbona'tis  ammoni'aci  spirituo'sa,  (F.)  Esprit 
d'ammoniaque.  (Ammon.  muriat.  in  pulv.  sub- 
tilissim.,  calcis,  aa  Ibj  ;  alcohol,  f.  %xx ;  aqua,  ^ix. 
The  water  is  employed  to  slake  the  lime;  the 
muriate  of  ammonia  is  then  well  mixed  with  it, 
and  by  means  of  heat,  the  ammonia  is  made  to 
pass  into  the  distilled  water  contained  in  a  quart 
bottle.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Stimulant  and  antispasmo- 
dic.    Dose,  f.  ^ss  to  f.  3J. 

Spiritus  Ammonia  Aromat'icus,  Alcohol  am- 
monia'turn  aromaticum,  Aromatic  ammonia' ted 
Alcohol,  Sal  volatile  Drops,  Spiritus  sails  vol  at' i- 
lis  oleo'sus,  Sp.  volatilis  hromaticus ,  Sal  volatile 
oleosum  Sylvii,  Sp.  ammonias  compos'itus,  Tine- 
tu'ra  aromatica  ammoniata.  Liquor  oleo'sus  Syl- 
vii, Lixiv'ium  ammoniaca'le  aromaticum.  {Am- 
mon. muriat.  ^v;  Potass,  carb.  ;§viij,  cinnam. 
cont.,  caryophyll.  cont.  aa  zij;  Limon.  cort.  §iv; 
alcohol,  aquas  a.a,  Ov.  M.  Distil  Ovijss.  Stimu- 
lant.   Dose,  f.  gss  t0  £  gj. 

Spiritus  Ammonia:  Compositus,  Spiritus  aro- 
maticus. 

SriRiTus  Ammonia:  Fce'tidus,  Sp.  volatilis 
fatidus,  Fit  Drops,  Al'cohol  ammonia'tum  fecti- 
dum,  Tinclu'ra  asafmtidas  ammoniata,  Fetid  Spi- 
rit of  Ammonia.  (Sp.  ammonias  Oij,  asafcetidas 
§ij.  Macerate  for  12  hours,  and  distil  Oiss. 
Ph.  L.)  Stimulant  and  antispasmodic.  Dose, 
f.  ^ss  to  f.  zj. 

Spiritus  Ammonia:  Succina'tus,  Succina'ted 
Spirit  of  Ammonia,  Common  Eau  de  Luce,  Am- 
moni'acum succina'tum,  Aqua  Lu'cise,  Liquor  ex 
Ammonia  et  Oleo  Sudani,  Liquor  ex'citans,  Spi- 
ritus Ammonias  cum  Succino,  Sp.  Sails  Ammoni'- 
aci lactes'cens  seu  lacteus.  (Mastich.  Ziij,  sp. 
rect.  f.  ^ix,  ol.  lavand.  gtt.  xiv,  succin.  ol. gtt.  iv. 
liq.  ammon. f.^x.  Macerate  the  mastich  in  the 
alcohol,  and  pour  oft"  the  clear  tincture:  add  "the 
rest,  and  shake.  Ph.  L.)  Stimulant  and  anti- 
spasmodic.   Dose,  gtt.  x  to  f.  ^ss  or  f.  zj. 

Spiritus  Ani'si,  Spiritus  Anisi  compos'itus, 
Aqua  Anisi  fortis,  Aqua  Sem'inum  Anisi  com- 
posita,  Spirit  of  An'iseed,  (F.)  Esprit  d'anis. 
(Anisi  sem.  cont.  Ibss,  spirit  tenuior.  cong., 
aquas  quod  satis  sit  ad  prohibendum  empyreu- 
ma.  Ph.  L.)  Carminative.  Dose,  f.  gss  to  f. 
§ss.  In  the  compound  spirit,  angelica  is  usually 
an  ingredient. 

Spiritus  Anthos,  Spiritus  rosmarini. 

Spiritus  Armora'cia:  Compos'itus^'/?.  Raph'- 
ani  compositus,  Aqua  Raphani  composita,  Com- 
pound Spirit  of  Horseradish,  (F.)  Esprit  dc  rai- 
fort  compose.  (Armorac.  rod.  recent,  concis., 
aurant.  cort.  exsicc,  sing.  Ibj,  myrist.  nuc.  con- 
tus.  §ss,  spirit,  ten.  cong.  j,  aquas  q.  s.  ad  prohi- 
bendum empyreuma.  Ph.  L)  Stimulant  and 
antiscorbutic.  (?)     Dose,  f.  zj  to  f.  zjv. 

The  Golden  Spirit  of  Scurvy  Grass — an  em- 
pirical preparation — is  formed  by  adding  gam- 


boge, 5viij,  to  one  gallon  of  the  sp.  armoracix 
compositus. 

Greenough's  Tincture  for  the  Teeth,  is  formed 
of  amygd.  am  or.  §ij,  ling.  Bresil.,  cassias  bacc., 
aa  Z/iv,  irid.  Florent.  t^ij,  coccincll.,  sal.acetosella}, 
alum,  aa  zj,  sp.  vin.  rect.  Oij,  sp.  armoracix 
comp.  f.  §ss. 

Spiritus  Beguinis,  Ammonias  sulphuretum. 

Spiritus  Camphors,  Sp.  camphora'tus,  Sp. 
vino'sus  camphoratus,  Tinclu'ra  Camphors,  Spi- 
rit of  Wine  and  Camphor,  Spirit  of  Camphor, 
(F.)  Esprit  de  Camp/ire,  Alcool  camphre ,  Eait 
de  Vie  camphre.  (Camphor,  ^iv,  alcohol.  Oij. 
Dissolve.)  Stimulant,  anodyne  and  discutient. 
Used  only  externally. 

Spiritus  Car'ui,  Sp.  Cari  Carui,  Spirit  of 
Car'raway,  Aqua  Sem'inum  Carui  fortis,  A. 
Sem'inum  Carui,  Strong  Carui  Waters,  (F.) 
Esprit  de  Carvi.  (Carui  sem.  cont.  Kiss,  sp.  te- 
nuior. cong.  j,  aquas  q.  s.  Distil  a  gallon.  Ph. 
L.)     Carminative.    Dose,  f.  zj  to  f.  2;ss. 

Spiritus  Cinnamo'mi,  Sp.  Lauri  Cinnamomi, 
Spirit  of  Cin'namon,  Aqua  Cinnamomi  fortis, 
Aqua  Cinnam.  spirituo'sa,  Stroyig  Cinnamon 
Water,  (F.)  Esprit  de  Cannelle.     (Cort.  cinnam. 

g\,sp.  rect.  Oivss.)     Stimulant  and  carminative, 
ose,  f.  zj  to  ^ss. 

Spiritus  Col'chici  Ammonia'tus,  Ammonia'- 
ted  Spirit  of  Colchicum.  (Sem.  colckic.  cont. 
§ij,  sp.  ammon.  aromat.  Oj.  Ph.  L.)  Narcotic, 
cathartic,  and  diuretic.  Used  in  gout,  rheuma- 
tism, and  dropsy.    Dose,  from  gtt-  xxx  to  f.  zj. 

Spiritus  Cornu  Cervi,  Liquor  C.  C. — s.  Fu- 
mans  Beguini,  Ammonise  sulphuretum. 

Spiritus  Junip'eri  Compos'itus,  Compound 
Spirit  of  Juniper,  Aqua  Junip'eri  composita,  (F.) 
Esprit  de  genievre  compost.  (Bacc.  junip.  cont* 
Ibj,  sem.  carui  cont.,  fanicul.  sem.  cont.,  aa  §iss, 
sp.  ten.  cong.  j,  aq.  Oij.  Distil  a  gallon.  Ph. 
L.)  Stimulant  and  diuretic.  Dose,  f.  zj  to  f. 
^ss. 

Spiritus  Lauri  Cinnamomi,  Spiritus  cinna- 
momi. 

Spiritus  Lavan'dula:,  Sp.  Lavandula  spicse, 
Spirit  of  Lav'ender,  Sp.  Lavand.  simpL,  La-  • 
vender  Water,  (F.)  Esprit  de  Lavande.  (Lavand. 
for.  recent.  B5ij,  sp.  rectif.  cong.,  aquas  Oij.  Dis- 
til a  gallon.)  Usually  made  by  adding  the  oil 
to  rectified  spirit.     Used  as  a  perfume  chiefly. 

Spiritus  Lavandula:  Compositus,  Tinclu'ra 
Lavandulas  composita,  Red  Hartshorn,  Lavender 
drops,  Compound  Spirit  of  Lavender,  (F.)  Es- 
prit de  Lavande  compose.  (Sp.  lavand.  Oiij,  sp. 
rosmarin.  Oj,  cinnam.,  cort.  contus.  j^j,  myristic. 
nucleor.  cont.,  #^ss,  caryophyll.  cont.  jij,  ptero- 
carpi  ligni  cone.  £iij.  Macerate  for  14  days, 
and  filter  through  paper.  Stimulant.  Dose, 
gtt.  xl  to  f.  2ij. 

Spiritus  Lumbricorum,  Liquor  volatilis  cor- 
nu cervi. 

Spiritus  Mentha:  Piperi'ta;,  Spirit  of  Pep- 
permint, Aqua  Menthas  piperil'idis  spirituo'sa, 
Sp.  Mcnthas  piperit'idis,  (F.)  Esprit  de  Menthe 
poivree.  (Olei  menth.  pip.  Qvjss,  sp.  rectif. 
Oivss,  aquas,  q.  s.  distil  a  gallon.  Ph.  L.)  Car- 
minative  and   stimulant.     Dose,   f.   z^s   to  f. 

Spiritus  Mentha:  Sativa:,  Spiritus  mcnth.33 
viridis. 

Spiritus  Mentha:  Vir'idis,  Spearmint,  Spi- 
ritus mentha  sativa,  Aqua  Mentha  vulga'ris 
spirituo'sa,  (F.)  Esprit  de  Menthe  vcrte.  (Olci 
\Mcnth.  virid.  9viss,  sp.  rectif.  Oivss,  aq.  q.  s. 


SPIRITUS  MILLEPEDARUM 


roi 


splanchnodynE 


Distil  a  gallon.    Ph.  L.)     Like  the  last  in  pro- 
perties and  dose. 

Spiuvtus  Millepeharum,  Liquor  cornu  cervi. 

Spiritus  Mybis'tice,  Spiritus  MyristicasMos- 
cha'tae,  Sp.  j\~ucis  Moschatx,  Aqua  .Nucis  Moscha- 
tx, Nutmeg  Water,  AquaJ\'epltrit'ica,  (F.)  Esprit 
de  Muscade,  (Myrist.  nucL  conk  5ij.  spirit,  te- 
nuior, cong.  j,  aquae  Oj.  Distil  a  gallon.  Cor- 
dial and  carminative.     Dose,  f.  gj  to  f.  £iv. 

Spiiutus  Myrtj  Pimento,  Spiritus  pimento; 
— s.  Nitri  vulgaris,  see  Nitric  acid — s.  Nitri  aci- 
dus,  Nitric  acid — s.Nitri  dulcis,  Spiritus  a?theris 
nitrici — s.  Nitri  duplex,  Nitric  acid — s.  Nitri 
fumans,  Nitric  acid — s.  Nitri  Glauberi,  Nitric 
acid — s  Nitri  simplex,  see  Nitric  acid — s.  Nucis 
moschate,  Spiritus  myristicre — s.  Ophthalmicus 
Mindereri,  Liquor  ammonia?  acetatis. 

Spiritus  Pimen't*,  Sp.  Myrti  Pimenlx,  Spi- 
ritus Pimento,  Spirit  of  Pimento,  Aqua  Mirab'ilis. 
(Piment.  baecar.  cont.  Jjij,  sp.  tenuior.  cong., 
aqux  Oj.  Distil  a  gallon.  Cordial  and  carmi- 
native.    Dose,  f.  Sj,  to  f.  3'iv.) 

Spiritus  Pvle'gh, Spirit  of  Pennyroyal,  Aqua 
Pulegii  spiritwfsa,  Spirituous  Pennyroyal  Water, 
(F.)  Esprit  de  Pouliot.  (Olei  pulcgii  ^vij,  sp. 
rect.  Oivss,  aquas,  q.  s.  Distil  a  gallon.  Ph.  L.) 
Same  as  spirit  of  spearmint  in  properties  and 
dose. 

Spiritus  Rectieica'tus,  Sp.  VTni  rectificatus, 
(Enostag'ma,  Sp.  Vino'sus  rectificatus,  Alcohol, 
Spirit  of  Wine,  (F.)  Esprit  de  Via  rectifie.  Rec- 
tified spirit  is  much  used,  in  Pharmacy,  to  dis- 
solve resinous  and  other  substances.  It  is  sel- 
dom exhibited  internally;  although  it  exists  in 
the  diluted  state  in  all  vinous  and  spirituous 
.liquors.  Externally,  it  is  employed  as  a  dis- 
culient. — S.  G.,  according  to  the  London  Phar- 
macopoeia, 0.838;  according  to  that  of  Dublin, 
0.840;  of  Edinburgh  and  United  States,  0.835, 
(see  Alcohol,)  and  of  Paris,  0.S1U  to  0.827. 

Spiritus  Rector,  Arorna— s.  Raphani  com- 
positus,  Spiritus  armoracia?  compositus. 

Spiritus  Rosmari'ni,  Sp.  Rorisjnarini  offici- 
na'lis,  Spirit  of  Rosemary,  (q.  v.)  Spiritus  An- 
thos,  Hungary  Water.  (F.)  Esprit  de  Romarin. 
(01.  'rosmari'ni  gij,  sp.  rect.  cong.  j,  aquae.  Oj. 
Distil  a  gallon.)    Stimulant.    Dose,  f.^j,  to  f.^iv. 

Spiritus  Salis  Acidus  seu  Fumans,  Muria- 
ticum acidum — s.  Salis  ammoniaci,  Spiritus 
ammonia; — s.  Salis  ammoniaci  aquosus,  Liquor 
ammonias— s.  Salis  ammoniaci  lactescens  seu 
lacteus,  Spiritus  ammonia  succinatus — s.  Salis 
ammoniaci  sulphuratus,  Aromonire  sulphure- 
tum—  s.sSalis  Glauberi,  Muriaticum  acidum — 
s.  Salis  marini  coagulatus,  Potasss  murias — s. 
Salis  marini,  Muriaticum  acidum — s.  Saiis  vola- 
tilis  oleosus,  Spiritus  ammonia;  aromaticus — 
s.  Sulphurico-selhereus  camphoratus,  Tinctura 
sethereacomposita— s.  Sulphurico-ssthereus  mar- 
tialis, Tinctura  seu  Alcohol  sulphurico-mlhereus 
ferri— s.  Sulphuris,  Sulphurous  acid— s.  Sul- 
phuris  per  campanam,  Sulphurous  acid — s.  Sul- 
phuris volatilis,  Ammonia;  sulphuretum  —  s. 
Sulphurosus  volatilis,  Sulphurous  acid. 

Spiritcs  Teku'ior,  Alcohol  dilu'lum,  Spiritus 
bino'sus  tenu'ior,  Proof  Spirit.  (F.)  Esprit  de  vin 
Generally  made  for  pharmaceutical 
purposes,  bv  mixing  equal  parts  of  rectified 
spirit  and  water.  S.  g.  Lond.  0.920;  Edinb. 
and  United  Stales,  0.935.  It  is  employed  in 
the  same  cases  as  those  in  which  the  alcohol  is 
used;— chiefly,  as  a  solvent  of  vegetable  mat- 
ters, in  the  form  of  tinctures. 


Spiritus  Veneris,  Aceticum  acidum— s.  Vini 
rectificatus,  Spiritus  rectificatus — s.  Vinosus 
camphoratus,  Spiritus  camphorce — s.  Vinosus 
tenuior,  Spiritus  tenuior — s.  Vitalis,  Nervous 
fluid — s.  Vitrioii,  Sulphuric  acid — s.  Vitrioli 
acidus  Vogleri,  Sulphuricum  acidum  dilutum 
— s.  Vitrioli  coagulatus  Mynsichti,  Potasss  sul- 
phas— s.  Vitrioli  dulcis,  Spiritus  oetheris  sul- 
phurici — s.  Vitrioli  phlogisticatus,  Sulphurous 
acid — s.  Volatilis  aromaticus,  Spiritus  ammonia; 
aromaticus— s.  Volatilis  fcetidus,  Spiritus  am- 
monias fostidus. 

SPIROID  CANAL,  Aquasductus  Fallopii. 

SPIROMETER;  badly  compounded  from 
spiro,  'I  breathe,'  and  /.ttroov,  'a  measure:' — 
properly  Anapnom'eter  or  Pneusom'eter.  Any 
instrument  for  measuring  the  quantity  of  air 
given  out  in  respiration. 

SPIRQPTERA  HOMINIS,  see  Worms. 

SPISSANTIA,  Incrassantia. 

SPIT,  Sputum. 

SP1TAL,  xMINERAL  WATERS  OF.  The 
villa yo  of  Spital  is  situate  on  the  south  side  of 
the  Tweed,  near  Tvveedmouth.  The  springs 
there  contain  chloride  of  calcium,  sulphate  of 
soda,  sulphate  and  carbonate  of  lime.  They 
act  as  saline  cathartics. 

SPITH'AMA,  Dorans.  A  measure  of  twelve 
fingers'  breadth. 

SPITTLE,  Saliva— s.  Sweet,  see  Salivation. 

SPLANCHNA,  Entrails. 

SPLANCHNEURYS'MA,  from  anUyjrva, 
'an  intestine,'  and  tvovyw,  'I  dilate.'  Morbid 
dilatition  of  the  intestines. 

SPLANCHNIC,  Splanch'nicvs,  Vis'ce.ral,  from 
trnka-YXvov,  '  viscus.'  That  which  relates  to  the 
viscera. 

Splanchnic  Cav'ities  are  the  three  great 
cavities  of  the  body; — those  of  the  cranium, 
chest,  and  abdomen. 

Splanchnic  Nerves  belong  to  the  great  sym- 
pathetic, and  are  two  in  number  on  each  side. 
They  are  distinguished  into: — 1.  The  great 
splanchnic  nerve,  Grand  surrenal,  (Chaus.)  Its 
roots — four  or  five  in  number,  come  from  the 
Gth,  7th,  8th,  9th,  and  sometimes  the  10th  tho- 
racic ganglion.  They  descend  inwards,  on  the 
sides  of  the  vertebral  column,  beneath  the  pleu- 
ra, and  unite  into  a  single  trunk,  which  enters 
the  abdomen  through  a  separation  of  the  fleshy 
fibres  of  the  pillars  of  the  diaphragm;  passes 
behind  the  stomach,  and  divides  into  several 
branches,  which  pass  into  the  semilunar  gan- 
glion. 2.  The  lesser  splanchnic  nerve,  Splanch- 
nique  accessoire,  of  Waither,  Petit  surr&nal, 
(Ch.,)  is  composed  of  two  distinct  branches, 
proceeding  from  the  10th  and  11th  thoracic 
ganglion,  which  unite  on  the  12th  dorsal  ver- 
tebra into  a  cord,  that  pierces  the  diaphragm 
singly;  enters  the  abdomen,  and  divides  into 
two  branches,  one  of  which  anastomoses  with 
the  greater  splanchnic  nerve,  whilst  the  other 
sends  its  filaments  to  the  renal  and  solar  plex- 
uses. 

SPLANCH'NICA.  Medicines  adapted  to  dis- 
eases of  the  bowels.  Also,  the  2d  order  of  the 
class  Caliaca  of  Good;  defined, — diseases  af- 
fecting the  collatitious  viscera,  and  character- 
ized by, — disquiet  or  diseased  action  in  the  or- 
gans auxiliary  to  the  digestive  process,  without 
primary  inflammation.  _ 

SPLANCHNOU'YNE,  from  rnlayiXvov,  'a 
viscus,'  and  oJi>>»;,  'pain.'     Pain  in  the  bowels. 


SPLANCHNOGRAPHY 


702 


SPLENONCUS" 


SPLANCHNOG'RAPHY.^/aBcAno^rfl'/yAJfl, 
from  vnXayyxor,  'a  viscus,'  and  Xoyoc,  'a  de- 
scription.' The  part  of  anatomy  which  treats 
of  the  viscera. 

SPLANCHNOLITHIASIS;  from  arrAa/^ror, 
'a  viscus,'  and  h6o?,  'a  stone.'  The  formation 
of  a  calculous  concretion  in  any  viscus. 

SPLANCHNOLOGY,  9planchnotog"ia,  from 
onXay/vov,  'a  viscus,'  and  \cyog,  'a  discourse.' 
A  treatise  on  the  viscera: — also,  Splanchno- 
grapby. 

SPLANCHNOPATHI'A,  from  mXayxvvr, 
'a  vjscus,'  and  na9o?,  'suffering.'  A  disease 
of  the  intestines. 

SPLANCHNOT'OMY,  Splanchnotom' in,  from 
vnXay/ror,  'a  viscus,'  and  Ttftret,  'I  cut.'  Dis- 
section of  the  viscera. 

SPLEEN,  vxlnv,  Lien,  (F.)  Rate.  A  soft, 
spongy,  parenchymatous  organ  ;  of  a  more  or 
less  deep  violet  red,  situate  deeply  in  the  left 
hypochondrium,  below  the  diaphragm,  above 
the  colon,  between  the  great  tuberosity  of  the 
stomach  and  the  cartilages  of  the  false  ribs, 
and  above  and  anterior  to  the  kidney.  Its  or- 
dinary length  is  4^  inches;  its  thickness,  2^; 
and  its  weight  8  ounces.  Its  parenchyma, 
which  is  bathed  in  blood,  contains  a  multitude 
of  grayish,  soft,  and  semi-transparent  granula- 
tions— splenic  curpusc/es.  It  is  covered  by  a 
serous  membrane,  furnished  by  the  peritone- 
um; and  by  a  proper  coat,  of  a  fibrous  nature, 
which  is  intimately  united  with  it,  and  trans- 
mits into  its  interior,  delicate,  solid,  and  very 
elastic  prolongations.  At  its  inner  edire  is  a 
fissure,  by  which  the  vessels  and  nerves  en- 
ter the  organ.  The  functions  of  the  spleen 
are  unknown.  One  of  the  latest  opinions  is, 
that  it  belongs  to  the  lymphatic  system. 

Spleen,  Hypochondriasis. 

SPLEEN  WORT,  Asplenium,  Asplenium 
scolopendrium  —  s.  Bush,  Comptonia  aspleni- 
folia. 

SPLENAL'GIA,  from  c-nh;v,  'the  spleen,' 
and  uXyog,  'pain.'     Pain  in  the  spleen. 

SpLENALCIA    SuBlKFLAMMATOKIA    CHRONICA, 

Splenoncus. 

SPLENECTOMY, from  anlijv,  'the  spleen,' 
tx,  'out  of,'  and  rejurta,  'I  cut.'  Extirpation  of 
the  spleen. 

SPLENECTOP'IA,  Dislocu'tio  lie'nis  sen  spk- 
ni$;  from  a-nXtji-,  'the  spleen,'  and  ix.ronos,  'out 
of  place.'  Dislocation  of  the  spleen.  Not  a 
common  occurrence. 

SPLENEMPHRAXT3,  (F.)  Splenophraxie ; 
from  TTTh<v,  '  the  spleen,'  and  sucposinflu),  'I  ob- 
struct.'    Obstruction  of  the  spleen. — Vogel. 

SPLENES.  Hypochondriasis. 

SPLENET'ICUS,  Sph'nicas,  Splenit'ieus, 
Lieno'sus,  (F.)  Ratdleux.  That  which  relates  to 
the  spleen:  one  labouring  nnderdiseased  spleen. 
A  medicine  adapted  for  diseases  of  the  spleen 

SPLENIC,  Spk'nicus,  from  onX>;r,  <th« 
spleen.'  That  which  relates  to  the  spleen.  A 
name  given  to  several  parts. 

Splenic  Artery.  It  arises  from  the  ccsliac; 
and  passes  from  right  to  left,  forming  many 
windings  along  the  upper  edge  of  the  pancreas, 
which  lodges  it  in  a  special  groove.  Jt  reaches 
the  fissure  of  the  spleen,  and  divides  into  seve- 
ral branches,  that  enter  the  organ.  In  its  course 
it  famishes  the  pancreatic,  left  gastroepiploic, 
and  the  vasa  brtvia. 


Splenic  Cachexia,  see  Cachexia  splenica— - 
s.  Corpuscles,  see  Spleen. 

Splenic  Pleats  is  a  nervous  network,  which 
proceeds  from  the  coeliac  plexus,  and  accompa- 
nies the  splenic  artery,  sending  secondary  plex- 
uses to  each  division. 

Splenic  Vein  arises  from  the  spleen,  and  ac- 
companies the  splenic  artery;  proceeding  from 
left  to  right,  to  unite  with  the  superior  mesen- 
teric vein,  and  to  form,  with  it,  the  abdominal 
vena  porta.  In  its  course,  it  receives  veins  cor- 
responding to  the  vasa  brevia,  the  right  and  left 
gastroepiploic,  the  duodenal,  pancreatic,  coro- 
naria  ventricufi,  and  inferior  mesenteric  veins. 

SPLENICUS.  Spleneticus. 

SPLENIS  TUMOR,  Ague  cake. 

SPLEMSATION.  Splenization. 

SPLENITICUS,  Splenic. 

SPLENl'TIS,  from  o-rrXr\v,  'the  spleen,'  and 
itia,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  of 
the  spleen.  Empre.s'ma  splenitis,  Jnflammu'tio 
lie'nis,  I.  splenis,  (F.)  Inflammation  de  la  Rale. 
A  rare  disease,  characterized  by  local  pain, 
swelling,  and  heat,  which  sometimes  ter- 
minates by  suppuration.  It  must  be  treated 
like  other  inflammations. 

SPLEN1UM,  Compress — s.  Cruciatum,  Croix 
de  Matte. 

SPLE'NIUS,  S.  Cap'itis,  S.  Colli,  Cernico- 
dorso-maslo'idien  et  dorso-lrachclien,  Posterior 
mastoid  muscle,  Cermco-mastoidien  (Ch  )  So 
called  from  its  resemblance  to  the  spleen  of 
certain  animals.  A  muscle  situate  at  the  pos- 
terior part  of  the  neck,  and  upper  part  of  the 
back.  It  is  much  broader  above  than  below, 
where  it  terminates  in  a  point.  It  is  attached,, 
by  its  inner  edge,  to  the  spinous  processes  of 
the  first  five  dorsal  vertebra);  to  that  of  the  7th 
cervical,  and  to  the  inferior  part  of  the  poste- 
rior cervical  ligament.  By  its  upper  extremity, 
it  is  attached  to  the  transverse  processes  of  the 
first  two  cervical  vertebra?,  to  the  mastoid  pro- 
cess, and  to  the  posterior  surface  of  the  occipi- 
tal bone.  Some  have  considered  this  muscle 
to  be  formed  of  two  portions,  which  they  have 
called  Splenitis  colli,  and  Splenivs  capitis.  The 
splenitis  extends  the  head,  inclines  it,  and  ro- 
tates it.  If  the  splenii  of  each-  side  act  together, 
they  extend  the  head. 

SPLENIZA'TION,  Splenizatio,  (F.)  Spleni- 
salion,  from  irnkijv,  'the  spleen.'  A  term  ap- 
plied to  the  state  of  the  lung  in  the  first  or  se- 
cond stage  of  pneumonia  in  which  its  tissue  re- 
sembles that  of  the  spleen. 

SPLENOCE'LE,  from  <rvlrp>,1  the  spleen,' and 
KTjXrj,  '  a  tumour.'     Hprnia  formed  bv  the  spleen. 

SPLENOGRAPHY,  Splenograpk'ia,  from 
snXrjr,  'the  spleen,'  and  yoxyy,  'a  description.* 
A  description  of  the  spleen. 

SPLENOtLE'MIA,  (F.)  Splenohcmie,  from 
OnXrjv,  'the  spleen,'  aml'ai^a,  'blood.'  Conges- 
tion or  hyperemia  of  the  spleen,  a  common  phe- 
nomenon in  many  diseases,  especially  in  ty- 
phoid and  intermittent  fevers. 

SPLENOI/OGY,  Splenoma" ia,  from  <rrXrtv, 
'the  spleen,'  and  Xoy-og,  'a  discourse.'  A  trea- 
tise on  the  spleen. 

SPL£NONCIE.  Splenoncus. 

SPLENON'CUS,  Megalosph'n in,  Hyper* 
troph'ia  seu  Sitprrniitritin  sphnis  sett  lie'nis, 
Intumescen'tia  lienis,  SpUnai'gia  snlnnflammn- 
to'ria  rliron'ita,  Spknemphroris  (q  v.),  (F.) 
SpUnoncie,  Hypertrophic  de  la  Raft,  Hypersplen»- 


splenoparectama 


?03 


SPRAIN 


Irophir,  from  o-nr?.>;r,  'the  spleen,'  and  oysog,  'a 
tumour.'  TumefatAiftn  of  »Jae  spleen.  See 
A'nie  cake. 

SPLENOPARECTAMA,  from  rwxijv,  'the 
spleen,'  and  jijfzri^i,  'excessive  volume.' 
Excessive  enlargement  of  the  spleen. — Plouc- 
quet. 

SPLENOPHRAXIE,  Splertemphraxis. 
SPLENOT'OMY,  SpUnotom'ia,  from  0.7 ;.»;>•,_ 
'the  spleen,'  and  te/uvco,  'I  cut.'     Dissection  of 
the  spleen. 

SPLINT,  Teut.  Splinter,  from  splijten, 
« to  split;'  Hostel' la,  Ass'ula,  Asscr'culum,  Plag'- 
ula,  Norther,  Fer'ula,  (F.)  Attelle,  itclisse.  A 
flexible  and  resisting  lamina  of  wood,  used  in 
the  treatment  of  fractures,  to  keep  the  frag- 
ments in  apposition,  and  prevent  their  displace- 
ment. Splints  are  made  of  iron,  wood,  bark  of 
trees,  leather,  pasteboard,  &c.  They  are  gene- 
Tally  padded,  and  are  fixed  by  a  roller  or  by 
tapps.  according  to  circumstances. 

SPLINTER,  (F.)  Esquille.  Same  etymon. 
This  term  is  sometimes  applied  to  a  small 
portion  of  wood,  which  occasionally  enters  the 
skin,  and  gives  occasion  to  much  irritation 
until  it  is  removed. — Acu'leus  lig'neus,  (F.) 
Jichard-e. 

It  is  also  applied  to  fragments  that  separate 
from  a  fractured  or  diseased  bone. 
SPLITROCK,  Henchera  cortusa. 
SPODIUM  GRjECORUM,  Album  graecum. 
STOLIARIUM,  Apodyterium. 
SPOLIATl'VA,  from  spolio,  'I  takeaway.' 
Phlebolum'ia  spoliati'va,  (F.)  Saigr.ee  spoliative. 
Blood-letting,  used  for  the  purpose  of  diminish- 
ing the  mass  of  blood. 

SPOLIATORIUM,  Apodyterium. 
SPONDYLALGIA,  from  oworbvloc,  'a  ver- 
tebra,' and  alyot,  '  pain.'  Pain  in  the  vertebra?. 
Cacorrhachitis,  (c\.  v.)  See  Vertebral  Disease. 
SPONDYLITIS,  hijlamma'tio  ver'tebrse, from 
trnorSvXo:,  and  ids,  denoting  inflammation.  In- 
flammation of  the  vertebras. 

SPONDYLARTHROCACE,  Vertebral  dis- 
ease. 

SPONDYLI,  Vertebra;. 
SPONDYLIUM,  Heracleum  spondylium. 
SPONDYLOCACE,  Vertebral  disease. 
SPONDYLOPYOSIS,  Vertebral  disease. 
SPOND'YLUS,cr/ror(?i^.o?.     A  vertebra;  and, 
especially,  the  two  larjre  cervical  vertebrae. 
SPONGE,  BASTARD,  Alcvonium. 
SPONGIA,  Spongos,  Spongifl  officinalis,  Span'- 
giaMari'na,  Sponge,  (F.)  tponge.    An  organ- 
ized   marine   substance,  of  the   great  class   of 
Zoophytes,  met  with  in  many  seas,  but  especi- 
ally in  the  Mediterranean  and  Arabian.     It  is 
supple,  elastic,  porous,  and  capable  of  absorb- 
ing fluids  in  which  it  may  be   placed,  and  of 
"  thus    increasing   in  size.      It    is    employed    in 
surgery,  for  cleansing  or  washing;   tor  absorb- 
ingaacrid  discharges  from  ulcers;  suppressing 
hemorrhage  when  the  mouth  of  the  vessel  can 


and  its  good  effects  seem  to  be  dependent  upon 
iodine,  (q.  v.)  It  is  made  by  cutting  sponge 
into  pieces,  and  heating  it,  that  any  extraneous 
matter  may  be  separated;  burning  it  in  a  close 
iron  vessel  until  it  becomes  black  and  friable, 
and  lastly,  rubbing  it  into  very  fine  powder. — 
Ph.  U.  S. 

SPONGLE  LAPIS.  A  name  given  to  small 
friable  stones  found  in  sponge.  They  were 
formerly  esteemed  lithonlhriptic. 

SPONGIOLE,Spongiolvm:  from  a-noyyizr,  'a 
sponge.'  The  soft  succulent  extremity  of  the 
fibrils  or  true  roots  of  a  plant,  b^  which  it  ab- 
sorbs or  sucks  up  fluid.  Similar  spongioles 
have  been  supposed  to  exist  at  the  terminations 
of  the  absorbents  in  animals. 

SPON'GION.  Ancient  name  of  an  epithem 
made  of  goats'  dung:  and  also  of  a  malagma, 
which  wal  considered  capable  of  absorbing  the 
serum  in  dropsies,  like  a  sponge— Paulus, 
Gorraeus. 

SPONGOID,  SpongoUes;  from  a-noyyia, 
'sponge,'  and  t«Jcs,  'resemblance.'  Resembling 
sponge. 

Spongoid  Inflammation,  Haematodes  fungus. 
Spongoio  Tissue,  (F.)  Tissu  spongo'ide.     An 
adventitious  spongy  tissue,  found  in  cases  of 
rickets. —  Guerin. 
SPONGOS,  Tonsil. 

SPONSA  SOUS,  Calendula  officinalis. 
SPONTA'NEOUS,jS/;o«to'«eiw,  from  sponte, 
'voluntarily.'  That  which  occurs  of  itself,  or 
without  any  manifest  external  cause.  Evacu- 
ations are  termed  spontaneous,  which  are  not 
produced  by  medicine.  Spontaneous  las'situde 
is  that  which  is  not  the  result  of  fatigue.  Dis- 
eases are  also  spontaneous  which  '  supervene 
without  apparent  cause. 

SPOON  WOOD,  Kalmia  latifolia,  Tilia.  _ 
SPORADIC,  Spor'ades,  Sporad'ici,  Morbi  dis- 
per'si,  Morbi  sparsi,  anoijuSmo?,  'dispersed;' 
from  vnuQtiv,  '  to  spread.'  Diseases  are  so 
called  which  supervene  indifferently  in  every 
season  and  situation,  from  accidental  causes, 
and  independently  of  any  epidemic  or  conta- 
gious influence. 

SPORE,  Spor'ule,  Sporum,  Spor  ulum,  from 
trwtiom,  'I  sow.'  The  reproductive  body  in  cryp- 
togamous  plants,  which  is  analogous  to  the  seed 
of  phanerogamous  plants. 

SPORID'IUM;  same    etymon.    The   repro- 
ductive body  in  algaceous  plants,  which  resem- 
bles the  spore  of  other  plants. 
SPCRULE,  Spore. 
SPORUM,  Spore. 

SPOTS,  GERMINAL,  see  Molecule. 
Spots,  Red,  (F  )  Tuchcs  rovges,  Rose  spots. 
Small  red  spots  which  appear  in  typhoid  fever, 
from  the  8th  to  the  15th  day  of  the  disease. 
They  are  most  frequently  seen  on  the  lower 
and  middle  portions  of  the  chest,  and  upper  part 
of  the  abdomen. 

Spots,  Rose,  see  Spots,  red. 


or  Sponge  Lent.  snrroundin*  the  joints.     According  to  the  de- 

Spong.a  Cvnosbati,  Bedegar.  simp oun     n     in.   j 

Spongia  Usta,  or  Burnt  Sponge, contains  car-  gree  oi  the  sprain,  in 

C 

6crofu 


SPRAT,  YELLOW-BILLED 


704 


STANNUM 


in  the  ginglymoid  joints; — as  in  the  foot,  wrist, 
knee,  &c.  The  violence  causes  an  afflux  of 
blood,  the  serum  of  the  blood  is  poured  out, 
and  often  the  blood  itself,  owing  to  the  rup- 
ture of  vessels;  and  inflammation  arises,  which 
ends  in  resolution  or  induration.  Local,  anti- 
phlogistic applications  are  required,  with  per- 
fect rest;  and,  when  the  inflammatory  action 
has  subsided,  cold  pumping  and  friction,  with 
the  application  of  a  plaster  and  bandage,  will 
afford  support  till  the  parts  affected  recover 
their  due  tone. 

SPRAT,  YELLOW-BILLED,  Clupea 
thryssa. 

SPRUCE  BEER,  White  Spruce  Beer.  A  beer 
made  as  follows.  To  10  gallons  of  water,  add  6 
pounds  of  sugar,  and  4  oz.  of  essence  of  spruce. 
Add  yeast,  and  bottle,  when  ready.  It  is  grate- 
ful and  antiscorbutic. 

Spruce  Beer  Powders  may  be  formed  of 
white  sugar,  t^j,  and  Qij;  sodse  subcarb.,  gr.  xxvj; 
essence  of  spruce,  gr.  s,  in  each  blue  paper;  and 
acid  of  tartar,  sjss  in  each  white  paper.  For 
half  a  pint  of  water. 

SPUITIO,  Exspuition. 

SPUMA  ARGENTI,  Plumbi  oxydum  semivi- 
>treum — s.  Cerevisias,  Yest— s.  Trium  draconum, 
Antimonium  muriatutn. 

SPUMEUX,  Frothy. 

SPUMOSUS,  Frothy. 

SPUNK,  Boletus  igniarius. 

SPUR,  Sax.  rpur>,  (F.)  Eperon  des  Arteres. 
The  angle  at  which  the  arteries  leave  a  cavity 
or  trunk. 

Spur,  Ergot. 

SPURGE,  CAPER,  Euphorbia  lathyris— s. 
Cypress,  Euphorbia  Cyparissias — s.  Flax, 
Daphne  gnidium  —  s.  Flowering,  large,  Eu- 
phorbia corollata — s.  Garden,  Euphorbia  lathy- 
ris— s.  Greater,  Euphorbia  palustris — s.  Ipeca- 
cuanha, Euphorbia  ipecacuanha  —  s.  Laurel, 
Daphne  laureola — s.  .Marsh,  Euphorbia  palus- 
tris— s.  Olive,  Cneorum  tricoccum — s.  Olive, 
Daphne  mezereum — s.  Sea,  Euphorbia  paralias. 

SPUTAMEN,  Sputum. 

SPUTATiO,  Exspuition. 

SPUTUM,  Sputa' -men,  Pty'elon,  PytMma, 
Spit,  from  spuere,  sputum,  '  to  spit.'  (F.)  Cra- 
chat.  The  secretions  ejected  from  the  mouth 
in  the  act  of  spitting.  It  is  composed  of  saliva, 
and  of  the  mucus  secreted  by  the  mucous  mem- 
brane of  the  nasal  fossa?  and  fauces,  and  often  by 
the  membrane  of  the  larynx  and  bronchia.  The 
sputa,  are,  sometimes,  called  eruginous,  when 
of  a  greenish-yellow  colour;  gummy,  when 
they  resemble  a  thick  solution  of  gum;  frothy, 
(F.)  viousseux,  when  covered  with  froth;  rubi- 
ginous, (F.)  ruhigineux  ou  rouilles,  when  of  a 
reddish-yellow;  and  streaked,  (F.)  siriis,  when 
mixed  with  lines  of  blood. 

Sputum  Cruentum,  Haemoptysis — s.  Sangui- 
nis, Hfemopty^is. 

SQUALLING,  Vastus. 

SQUAMA,  Scale,  Table. 

Squama,  Scaly  diseases. 

SQUAMA  RIA,  Plumbago  Europaea. 

SQ UAME VX,  Squamous. 

SQUAMOUS,  Squamu'sus,  Lepido'ides,  from 
squama,  'a  scale.'  That  which  relates  to  a 
scale. 

Squamous  Portion  of  the  temporal  bone, 
(F.)  Portion  Squamcusc  ou  ecai/lcuse  du  Tem- 


poral, is  the  upper  part  of  the  temporal,  so 
called  from"  2  fancied  rcser?.Vnince  to  a  scale. 

Squamous  Suture,  Sutu'ra  snuamo'sa,  S. 
mciuh'sa  sea  lepidoei' des  seu  lepido'des,  (F.) 
Suture  squameuse  ou  ccuilleuse.  The  suture 
which  unites  the  squamous  portion  of  the  tem- 
poral bone  to  the  parietal. 

Certain  scaly  cutaneous  affections  are  also 
called  squamous,  (F.)  squameux.     See  Scale. 

SQUARE  STALK,  Monarda  coccinea.     • 

SQUAVVMINT,  Hedeoma. 

SQUAWROOT,  Actaea  racemosa,  Caulo- 
phjllum  thalictroides. 

SQUAWVVEED,  Erigeron  Philadelphicum. 

SqUELETTE,  Skeleton. 

SqUELETTOLOGIE,  Skeletology. 

SQUILL,  Scilla — 3.   Vinegar   of,  Acetum 

SCl  ll3G 

SQUILL  A,  Scilla. 

SqULYAJVClE,  Cynanche,  Cynanche  tonsil- 
laris. 

SQUINANCY,  COMMON,  Cynanche  ton- 
sillaris. 

SQUINANTHIA,  Cynanche. 

SQUINANTHUS,  Juncus  odoratus. 

SqUINE,  Smilax  China. 

SQUINSY,  Cynanche  tonsillaris. 

SQUINTING,  Strabismus. 

SQUIRRE,  Scirrhus. 

SqUIRROGASTRlE,  Scirrhogastria. 

SQUIRRUS,  Scirrhus. 

STACHYS  FCETIDA,  Galeopsis. 

STACTE,  Myrrha. 

STADE,  Stage. 

STADIUM,  Stage. 

STAFF,  (D.)  S  taf.  An  instrument  of  great 
importance  in  lithotomy; — being  the  director 
for  the  gorget  or  knife.  It  is  made  of  steel:  and 
the  handle  is  fiat  and  rough,  in  order  that  it 
may  be  more  securely  held.  The  groove  is  on 
its  convex  surface. 

STAFFA,  Stapes. 

STAG'S  PIZZLE,  see  Cervus. 

STAGE,  Sla'dium,  (F.)  Estage,  Elage,  Stade, 
The  period  or  degree  of  a  disease:  especially 
the  period  of  an  intermittent: — (q.  v.)  as  the 
cold  stage,  hot  stage,  &c. 

STA'GIUM.   'The  sixth  part  of  an  ounce. 

STAGM A,  from  a-rata, '  I  distil.'  Stdlag'ma, 
Any  distilled  liquid  or  liquor. 

Stagma,  Gutta. 

STAGNA'TION,  Stagna'tw,  from  stagnate, 
1  to  form  a  pond.'  Accumulation  and  retarda- 
tion of  fluids  in  anv  part  of  the  body. 

STAGNUM  CHYLI,  Receptacul'um  chyli. 

STAHLIAN.  One  who  follows  the  doctrine 
ofStahl. 

STAHL'IANISM.  The. doctrine  of  Stahl, 
which  considered  every  vital  action  under  the 
direction  and  presidency  of  the  soul. 

STALAGMA,  Stagma. 

STALAGMITIS  CAMBOGIOIDES,see  Cam- 
boo-  i;\, 

STALAGMOS.  Distillation. 

STALTICUS,  Incartians. 

STAMMERING,  Balbuties— s.  of  the  Fin- 
gers, Cramp,  writers'. 

STANGOS,  Tin. 

8TANN1  MURIAS,  Tin,  muriate  of— s.Oxy- 
duli  murias,  Tin.  muriate  of. 

STAN NIOLUM,  Tinfoil. 

STANNUM,  Tin— s.  Foliatum,  Tinfoil— s. 
Indicuin,  Zincum. 


STdPltDlEN 


705 


STATURE 


STAPlLDlEN,  Stapedius. 

STAPE'DIUS,  Stapes,  Pyramidalstapedien. 
A  muscle  of  the  middle  ear,  which  draws  the 
stapes  obliquely  upwards.     (F.)  Stap'edicn. 

STATES,  Slapka,  Staff  a,  'a  stirrup,'  (F.) 
f.trier.  The  innermost  of  the  small  bones  of 
the  ear,  so  called  because  it  resembles  a  stirrup. 
It  is  situate  horizontally  in  the  cavity  of  the 
tympanum.  Its  head,  which  is  directed  out- 
wards, is  articulated  with  the  os  orbiculare. 
Its  base  faces  inwards,  and  is  applied  to  the 
fenestra  ovalis,  which  it  closes  imperfectly, 
and  to  which  it  is  united  by  a  membrane.  Its 
branches  are  one  anterior,  and  the  other  poste- 
rior. They  are  curved;  and  the  space  between 
them  is  parabolic.  Surgeons  have  given  the 
name  Stupes  to  a  bandage  used  in  bleeding  from 
the  foot;  which  forms  a  figure  of  8  around  the 
ankle3. 

STAPH  A,  Stapes. 

STAPHIS,  Delphinium  staphisagria. 

STAPHISAGRIA,  Delphinium  staphisagria. 

STAPHISJ1IGRE,  Delphinium  staphisagria. 

STAPHYL^MATO'MA,  from  <noufvXn, 
'the  uvula,'  and  Hxmatoma,  (q.  v.)  A  tumour 
formed  by  effusion  of  blood  beneath  the  mucous 
membrane  of  the  uvula. 

STAPH YLAGRA,  Staphylepartes. 

STAPHYLE,  Uvula,  see  Vitis  vinifera. 

STAPHYLEPAR'TES,  from  <rra(f vxn,  'the 
uvula,' and  arcuiow,  'I  lift  up.'  Staph' ylagra. 
An  instrument  for  laying  hold  of,  and  removing 
the  uvula. — Paulus. 

STAPHYLINO-PHARYNGEUS,  Palato- 

pharyntreus. 

STAPHYLINUSEXTERNUS,  Circum- 
flexus. 

STAPHYLITIS,  Uvulitis. 

STAPHYLODIALYSIS,  Cionis. 

STAPHYLCED E'M A ,  Angi'na  uvula' ris, 
Dyspka'gia  uvulo'sa,  Hypostaph'ylS,  Prolap'sus 
n'rvhe,  (Ede'rna  v'vulx,  Produc'tio  uvulx  apitui'- 
ta,  Cras'ptdon.  Relaxation  of  the  uvula,  which, 
either  from  inflammation  or  infiltration,  hangs 
down  so  as  to  occasion  difficult  deglutition, 
cough,  &c.  Scarification,  astringent  gargles, 
and",  if  necessary,  excision,  constitute  the  treat- 
ment. 

STAPHYLO'MA,  from  o-racpvlrj,  <a  grape.' 
Uzu'tio,  Myoceph'aJon,  Parop'sis  Staphyto'ma, 
Stophylo'sis,  Polygro'ma.  A  name  given  to 
different  tumours  of  the  anterior  surface  of  the 
globe  of  the  eye. 

Staphyloma  Conicum,  Staphyloma  of  the 
cornea — s.  Pellucidum  conicum,  Staphyloma 
of  the  cornea. 

Staphyloma  of  the  Corne a,  Sugar-loaf 
Cornea.  Staphyloma  con'icum,  S.  pellu'cidum 
con'icum,  Con  ophthalmia,  Prolap'sus  cor'nex, 
Ccraton'cus,  Hypcrceratu'sis,  is  an  unequal,  em- 
bossed, bluish  or  whitish,  round  or  conical 
tumour;  of  variable  size;  formed  by  the  projec- 
tion of  the  transparent  cornea,  which  is  some- 
times extenuated  and  distended, at  others  thick- 
ened. ,        J-  3 

Staphyloma  of  the  Iris  is  the  disease,  de- 
scribed by  Scarpa  under  the  name  Procidentia 
Iridis.  It  is  hernia  of  the  iris,  through  an  ac- 
cidental opening  into  the  cornea. 

Staphyloma  ofthf.  Sclerot'ic  differs  from 
the  last,  in  the  prominence  existing  on  a  part 
of  the  eye  covered  by  the  sclerotic,  which  is 
much  thinner. 


8TAPHYLON'CUS,Stap/jyfon'«a,  from  eta- 
cpvXrj,  'the  uvula,'  and  oyy.og,  'tumour.'  Tume- 
faction of  the  uvula. 

STAPHYLOPLASTY,  Staphylomas' ticus  ,■ 
from  <rTuq>v).T],  'the  uvula,'  and  n>.u<r<rw,  'I 
form.'  The  operation  for  replacing  the  soft 
palate,  when  it  has  been  lost. 

STAPHYLOMA  PHY,  Vehsynth'esis,  Sta- 
phylorrha'phia,  Kionorrha'phia,  Uranorrha'phia, 
Uraniskorrha'phia,  from  ffratpvXi],  '  the  uvula,' 
and  Qa<prh '  a  suture.'  The  operation  for  uniting 
a  cleft  palate.  It  consists  in  paring  the  edges 
of  the  cleft;  .passing  ligatures  through  them, 
and  bririoing  them  together. 

STAPHY  LOSIS,  Staphyloma. 

STAR-APPLE,  BROAD-LEAVED,  Chry- 
sophyllum  cainito— s.  Blazing,  Aletris  farinosa 
—  s.  Bloom,  Spigelia  Marilandica  —  s.  Grass, 
Aletris  farinosa — s.  Knap-weed,  Centaurea  cal- 
citrappa  —  s.  Stroke,  Coup-de-sohil — s.  Wort, 
Aletris  farinosa— s.  Wort,  golden,  Bubonium. 

STARBECK  SPA.  A  chalybeate  spring  at 
Harrogate,  (q.  v.) 

STARCH,  Amylum— s.  Blue,  Smalt— s.  Io- 
dide of,  see  Iodine— s.  Potato,  see  Solanum  tu- 
berosum. 

STASE,  Stasis. 

STASIS,  o-tacrts,  from  trraw,  '  I  stop,'  (F.) 
Stase.  This  word  has  nearly  the  same  signifi- 
cation as  stagnation.  Stagnation,  however, 
sometimes  includes  a  morbid  condition  of  the 
fluids, — Stasis  never. 

Stasis,  Station. 
'    STATIC.     An  epithet  applied  to  the  physi- 
cal phenomena  presented  by  organized  bodies, 
in  contradistinction  to  the  organic  or  vital. 

STAT'ICE  CAROLINIA'NA  of  the  United 
SUtes,Amer'ican  Thrift,MaTsh  Rose'mary, Marsh. 
Root,  Seaside  thrift,  Inkroot,  Seu  Lavender,  is 
considered  to  be  a  mere  variety  of  the  statice 
limoniuni. 

Stat'ice  Limo'nium,  Behen  rubrum,  Limo'- 
nium,  L.  rnajus,  Behen,  Sea  Lav'ender,  Red 
Behen,  Behmen  Jlckmar,  Marsh  Rosemary,  La- 
vender Thrift,  (F.)  Behen  rouge.  Family,  Plum- 
baginefe.  Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria  Pentagynia. 
The  roots  have  been  esteemed  astringent,  tonic, 
and  eminently  antiseptic. 

STA'TION,  Sta'tio,  Stasis,  Statvs,-  from  stare, 
'to  stand.'     The  act  of  standing. 

STATIONARY,  Stationa.'rius,  from  stare,' to 
stand.'  A  name  given  by  Sydenham  and  Stoll 
to  certain  diseases,  which  depend  upon  a  parti- 
cular state  of  the  atmosphere;  and  which  pre- 
vail in  a  district  for  a  certain  number  of  years, 
and  then  give  way  to  others. 

STATISTICS,  MED'ICAL,  Vital  Statistics. 
That  part  of  medicine  which  relates  to  the  de- 
tail of  facts  connected  with  the  mortality,  salu- 
brity, &c.  of  different  countries  and  situations. 

Statistics,  Vital,  Statistics,  medical. 

STATU  RE,  Statu!  ra,  Meg' ethos.  The  height 
of  the  human  figure.  The  following  table  ex- 
hibits the  results  of  several  admeasurements  on 
the  authority  of  Mr.  Lawrence,  with  the  heights 
of  some  of  the  monkey  species. 


An  Englishman 


STATUS 


706 


STERNOCLAVICULAR,  &c. 


An  Englishwoman. 


European  male  skeleton 5  8 

Do 5  5 

A  Negro  at  the  Lunatic  Hospital,        )  r  jqi 

Live  rpool 5 

Another  from  Virginia 5  5^ 

Another  from  the  Gold  Coast 5  8 

Another 5  00 

Negro  skeleton 4  11 

Another 5  7^ 

A  Lascar 5  4 

Venus  d' Medici . ..     5  00 

Tyson's  Cliimpanse  (Simia  Trogh-      }n  9 

(lljtfS,) ) 

Mr.  Abel's  Ourano  Outang 2  7 

Camper's  Do less  than  30 

Mr.  White's  Monkey 2  2 

STATUS,  Acme— s.  Erethiticus,  Nervous 
diathesis— s.  Nervosus,  Nervous  diathesis — s. 
Sthenicus,  Sthenia — s.  Verminosus,  Helmin- 
thiasis. 

STAVESACRE,  Delphinium  staphisagria. 

STAXIS,  Apostax'is.  A  slight  epistaxis  or 
nasal  hemorrhage. —  Hippocrates. 

STEAR.  Pinguedo,  Sevum. 

STEARIN,  see  Pinguedo. 

STEARRHCE'A,  Sebu'ceous  Flux,  from  o-tuiq, 
'suet,'  and  gso>,  'I  flow.'  Augmentation  of  se- 
cretion from  the  sebaceous  follicles  of  the  skin. 

STEATITES,  Polysqreia. 

STEATOCE'LE,  from  ortao,  'suet,'  and 
Y.i\kr\,  'a  tumour.'  A  tumour  formed  by  a  col- 
lection of  steatomatous  matter  in  the  scrotum. 

STEATO'MA,  •muro^a,  from  a-nan,  'suet.' 
Seva'tio,  Sleulo'sis,  Empln/ma  encys'tis  stcutuma. 
An  encysted  tumour,  whose  contents  are  simi- 
lar to  fat. 

STEATO'SIS  CORV\S,Degcnera'tio  adipo'sa 
cordis,  Cardietkrnolipo' sis  &nd  Cardiomyolipo' sis, 
(Piorry,)  Fully  heart.  Unusual  deposition  of 
fat  on  the  heart: — by  some  presumed  to  be  oc- 
casionally a  true  adipous  degeneration  of  the 
substance  of  the  heart,  which  is  probably  in- 
correct. 

STEEL,  Chalybs. 

STEEPLE  BUSH,  Spiraea  tomenlosa. 

STEGANOP'ODES,  <rreYarom,Sig,  Planip'- 
cdes.  They  who  have  flat  feet,  or  are  web- 
footed,  fjom  trrsvavog,  'covered,'  and  noug, 
'  foot.' 

STEGNO'SIS,  Consiipa'tio,  Stipa'tio,  Con- 
densa't.io,  Obstruc'tio,  from  frsyvooi,  'I  con- 
strict.' Constriction  of  the  pores  and  vessels. 
Constipation.     Suppression  of  the  evacuations. 

STEGNOTICA,  Astringents. 

STEIROSIS,  Sterilitas. 

STELENGIS,  Stridor  dentium. 

STELLA,  Fascia  Stella' ta,  (F.)  £to!le.  A 
bandage,  improperly  compared  to  a  star,  be- 
cause it  is  crossed  like  the  letter  X.  This 
bandage  is  applied  upon  one  or  both  shoulders. 
In  the  first  case,  it  is  called  simple;  in  the 
second,  double.  It  was  employed  in  eases  of 
fractures  of  the  sternum,  clavicle,  scapula  ;  in 
luxatiAis  of  the  humerus,  &c. 

Stki.i.a  Tfkr;e,  Plantarro  coronopus. 

STELLATA  RUP1NA,  Centaurea  calci- 
trapa. 


STELOCH1TIS,  Osteocolla. 
STENAGMUS,  Suspirium. 
STENAXIS,  Suspirium. 
STENIA.  Sthenia. 
STEMCUS,  Active. 
STENOBREGMATE,  see  Cranium. 
STENOCARDIA,  Angina  pectoris. 
STENOCHORIA,  Angustia.    Employed  by 
some  for  contraction  of  the  vagina. 

Stesochoku  CEsophagi,  Dysphagia  con- 
stricta. 

STENOSTENO'SIS,  Stcnoslegno'sis,-  from 
Steno;  and  erztvvrts,  'contraction.'  Narrow- 
ness or  contraction  of  the  Duct  of  Steno. 

STENOTHORA'CES,  from  onvoc, «  narrow,' 
and  9toQa%,  '  the  chest.'  They  who  have  nar- 
row chests. 

STENTOROPHO'NUS,  from  SrtiTwp,  Sten- 
tor,  a  Greek  in  the  army  before  Troy;  and  <fwvt;, 
'  voice.'  One  who  has  a  strong  voice. 
STEPHANE,  Crown. 
STEPHENS,  MRS.,  REMEDY  FOR  THE 
STONE.  This  consisted  of  lime,  prepared  by 
calcining  the  shells  of  eggs  and  snails,  made 
into  pills  with  soap.  A  decoction  was,  also, 
administered,  consisting  of  chamomile,  fennel, 
parsley,  and  burdock,  with  a  portion  of  Alicant 
soap.  "  Its  virtues  were  dependent  upon  the  lime 
and  the  tonic  properties  of  the  decoction.  Hales, 
Hartley,  Kirkpatrick,  Lobb,  and  others,  wrote 
in  favour  of  this  nostrum  ;  and  it  was  ultimately 
bought  by  the  British  parliament  for  £5000! 
STERA,  Uterus. 

STERCORA'CEOUS,  Stercora'rius,  from 
stercus, '  dung.'     (F.)  Stercoraire,  Stercoral. 

The  French  use  the  term  Fislutes  stercoraires 
for  those  which  are  kept  up  by  the  constant 
passage  of  fecal  or  stercora'ceous  matter.  The 
name  Stercoraires  is  sometimes  given,  in  de- 
rision, to  those  physicians,  who  are  fond  of 
purging  their  patients:  d  posteriori  has  been 
similarly  used. 

STERCORAIRE,  Stercoraceous. 
STERCUS.  Excrement,  Fimus— s.  Anseris, 
Fimns    anseris — s.    Caninum    album,   Album 
Grcecum— s.   Diaboli,  Asafetida — s.  Equi  non 
castrati.  Fimus — s.  Lacertce,  Crocodilia. 
STEREOS,  Solid. 

STEREOT'ICA,  from  c-tjossc,  'hard.'  For- 
tuitous lesions  or  deformities  affecting  the  hard 
parts      The  2d  order,  class  Tychica  of  Good. 

STERILTTAS,  Agon'ia,  Steiro'sis,  Stiro'sis, 
Agcnnc'sia,  Stent' it y,  Acye'sis,  Barrenness,  In- 
fecun'dity,  Apho'riu,  Attc'nia,  Acie'sis,  from 
ordure,  or  ortnio?,  'hard,  barren."  Quality  of 
that  which  is  barren.  Sterility  may  be  absolute 
or  relative.  The  former  depends  upon  some 
vitious  conformation  of  the  genital  organs,  ap- 
parent or  concealed,  and,  occasionally,  admits 
of  cure.  Sterility  is  relative,  when  a  female 
does  not  conceive  with  one  individual,  but  does 
with  another.  Sterility,  in  females,  is  often 
dependent  upon  a  condition  of  the  uterus,  cha- 
racterized by  membranous  menstruation. 
STERNALGIA,  Angina  pectoris. 
STERNOCLAVICULAR.  Sterno-clavim- 
la'ris.  That  which  relates  to  the  sternum  and 
clavicle. 

Sterno-clavic'ular  Articulation  is  the 
union  of  the  inner  extremity  of  the  clavicle 
with  a  round  facette  at  each  side  of  the  superior 
extremity  of  the  sternum.  In  this  articulation 
there  are,  besides  the  incrusting  cartilages,  two 


STERNO-  ClA  VI0MAST01D1EN        W 


STlBn  BUTYRUM 


radiated  sterno-clavicular,  (F.)  Sterno-clnvicu- 
laires  rayonnces ,-  one  anterior,  and  one  posterior 
—an  inter-clavicular  ligament,  extending  be- 
tween the  two  clavicles,  and  two  synovia? cap- 
sules, separated  by  an  inter-articular  fibro-cur- 
tilage.  The  costo-clavicnlar  ligament  may,  also. 
be  considered  to  belong-  to  this  articulation 

STERNO-CLA  VIO-M.mTOIDlEX,  Sterno- 
cleido-mastoideus— s.  Cleidohyoideus,  Sterno- 
hyoideii9. 

STERNO-CLEIDO-MASTO'iDEUS,  Sterno- 
ntastoideus,  Cleido-maslo'ideus,  Mastoideus,  Sler- 

no-davio-mastoidien,  Mastoideus  anterior,-  (F.) 
Sterno-mastoidien ,-  from  otbqvov,  'the  sternum,' 
xlttG,  'the  clavicle,'  and  /u.%<rToc,  'the  mastoid 
process.'  A  muscle  situate  at  the  anterior  and 
lateral  part  of  the  neck.  It  is  long  and  flat- 
tened: simple,  above:  and  divided  into  two 
portions  below;  where  it  is  inserted  into  the 
anterior  and  superior  part  of  the  sternum,  and 
the  inner  quarter  of  the  clavicle.  Above,  it  ter- 
minates at  the  mastoid  process, — which  it  em- 
braces,—at  the  neighbouring  part  of  the  tem- 
poral bone,  and  at.  the  outer  third  of  the  upper 
curved  line  of  the  occipital  bone.  It  carries 
the  head  forward;  inclines,  and  rotates  it  to  one 
side.  Whe*n  both  contract,  they  bend  the  head 
directly  forwards. 

STERNOCOSTAL,  Triangularis  sterni—  s. 
CostO-cIavio  kumiral,  Pectoraiis  major — s.  Hu- 
meral, Pectoral  is    major. 

ST E  R  N O  H  Y Oi D E  U S ,  Sterna- cleido  -  h ydi- 
dens,  Stcmo-hyo'ides,  Hyoides  primus:  from  sttso- 
tov,  'the  sternum,'  and  iotid>;c,  'the  os  hyoides.' 
A  muscle,  situate  at  the  anterior  part  of  the 
neck;  inserted,  above,  at  the  inferior  edge  of 
the  body  of  the  hyoid  bone;  below,  into  the 
upper  part  of  the  posterior  surface  of  the  ster- 
num:— at  the  posterior  part  of  the  sterno-clavi- 
cular  articulation,  and  sometimes  into  the  carti- 
lage of  the  first  rib.     It.  depresses  the  os  hvoides. 

STERXO-MAS  TOW  I  EX,  Sterno-cleido-mas- 
toidens — s.  Pubien,  Rectus  abdominis. 

STERNO-TH YROIDE US,  Stcrno ■  thyroides, 
Bronchitis.  A  muscle,  situate  at  the  anterior 
part  of  the  neck.  It  is  attached,  above,  to  the 
oblique  line  seen  on  the  outer  surface  of  the 
thyroid  cartilage;  and  terminates,  below,  at  the 
upper  part  of  the  posterior  surface  of  the  ster- 
num, and  the  cartilage  of  the  second  rib.  When 
it  contracts,  it  depresses  the  thyroid  cartilage 
and  os  hyoides,  by  the  medium  of  the  thyro- 
hyoid membrane. 

STERNODYNIA  SYNCOPAL1S,  Angina 
pectoris— s.  Syncoptica  et  Palpitans,  Angina 
pectoris. 

STERNUM,  Stemon,  from  artono:,  'solid;' 
Os  asser  sen  pec'toris  seu  xiphoid  es  sen  gladi'oli 
seu  ensif or' me,  Scutum  cordis,  Breast  Bone.  An 
azygous,  symmetrical  bone,  situate  at  the  fore- 
part of  the  chest.  It  is  flat;  broad  above;  nar- 
rower in  the  middle;  and  terminates,  below,  by 
a  pointed  cartilage — the  xiphoid,  (q  v.)  It  has 
an  anterior  or  cutaneous  surface,  a  posterior  or 
mediastinal; — a  superior  or  clavicular  extremity, 
and  an  inferior  or  abdominal.  It  is  articulated 
with  the  clavicles  and  the  seven  upper  ribs  on 
each  side,  l.y  means  of  their  cartilages.  Ac- 
cording to  Beclard,  it  is  formed  of  six  principal 
bones^which  he  names,  from  their  position,  1 
sternal  or  clavi- sterna  I:  2.  Duo  sternal:  3 
Tri- sternal:  i.  Qaarti- sternal:  5.  Q,uinti- sternal: 
(;.  Ullimi-slernal  or  ensisternul. 


STERNUMENTUM.  Sneezing 

STERNUTAMENTORIA,  Achillea  ptarmica. 

STERN UTAMENTUM,  Sneezing. 

STERNUTATIO,  Sneezing 

STERNUTATOIRE,  Sternutatory. 

STER'NUTATORY,  Sternutato'rius,  from 
sternutare,  '  to  sneeze.'  Sternutamen'tum,  Er- 
rlii'num,  Ftur'micum,  (F.)  Sternutatoire,  A 
substance  which  provokes  sneezing; — a3  to- 
bacco, &c. — See  Errhine. 

STERTEUR,  Stertor. 

STERTOR,  Ronchus  or  Rhonchvs,  Renchus, 
Rhencvs,  (F.)  Sterleur,  Ronjlemenl,  from  sterlerc, 
'  to  snore.'  The  deep  snoring  (q.  v.)  which 
accompanies  inspiration,  in  some  diseases, — 
particularly  in  apoplexy.  Such  respiration  is 
said  to  he  stertorous. 

STETIIODESMIUM,  Corsets. 

STETH'OSCOPE,  Stethoscop'ium,  Slethos'- 
copum,  from  ffrijtfof,  'the  chest,'  and  ax.onzi», 
'  I  examine.'  An  instrument  invented  by 
Laennec,  of  Paris,  for  exploring  the  chest. 
The  stethoscope,  sometimes  called  Pcctnri- 
loqae,  is  a  cylinder  of  wood,  from  four  inches 
to  a  foot  long;  pierced  through  and  through  by 
a  longitudinal  canal  about  a  quarter  of  an  inch 
in  diameter.  The  longer  are  generally  com- 
posed of  two  portions,  that  fit  together  by 
means  of  a  screw,  one  of  which  is  hollowed  at 
the  extremity,  in  the  shape  of  a  funnel.  These 
two  portions  being  screwed  to  each  other,  the 
physician  lays  hold  of  the  instrument,  as  he 
would  of  a  pen,  puts  the  funnel-shaped  extre- 
mity on  the  chest  of  the  patient,  and  applies 
his  ear  to  the  other.  To  explore  the  pulsations 
of  the  heart,  the  funnel  is  plugged  up  by  a  piece 
of  the  same  kind  of  wood  accurately  adapted  to 
it,  and  pierced  by  a  canal  of  the  same  width  as 
that  in  the  body  of  the  instrument.  Stetho- 
scopes are  sometimes  flexible,  like  the  flexible 
ear-trumpet. 

This  mode  of  examining  affections  of  the 
chest,  &c.  is  what  Laennec  terms,  Auscultation 
mediate, — Mediate  Auscultu'tion. 

STETHOSCOITA,  see  Auscultation. 

STEW,  Stove. 

STHENI'A,  Sleni'a,  Diath'esis  sthen'ica,  Sta- 
tus  stken'icus,  from  ci&ivag,  'strength,'  'power.' 
Excess  of  strength;  excitement  of  the  organic 
actions.  A  word  used,  especially  by  the  Bruno- 
nians, — as  well  as  Asthenia, — its  antithesis. 
Sthenic  or  dynamic  diseases  are  such  as  depend 
upon  excessive  excitement. 

STHENICUS,  Active. 

STHENOPYRA,  Synocha. 

STIBI,  Antimonium. 

STIBIALIS,  Antimonial. 

ST1B1ATUS  TARTRIS  LIXIVIA,  Anti- 
monium tartarizatum. 

STIBIIBUTYRUM, Antimonium  muriatum— 
s.  Deutomnrias  sublimatus,  Antimonium  muria- 
tum—s.  et  Potassse  deuto-tartras,  Antimonium 
tartarizatum — s.  Hydrosulphuretum  rubrum, 
Antimonii  sulphuretum  rubrum — s.  Oxidum 
acido  muriatico  oxygenato  paratum,  Algarolh — 
s.  Oxidum  album  mediante  nitro  confectum, 
Antimonium  diaphoreticum — s  Oxidum  prrcci- 
pitando  paratum,  Algarolh — s.  Oxodes  album, 
Antimonium  diaphoreticum — s.  Oxodes  sul- 
phuratum,  Antimonii  sulphuretum  prAcipita- 
turn— s.  Oxydi  sulphurati  hvdro  sulphuretum 
luteuin,  Antimonii  sulphuretum  prreeipitatum — 
s.  Oxydulati  sulphuretum,  Antimonii  sulphure- 


STIBIOSUM  HYDROSULPHURETUM     703 


STOMACH 


turn  prrecipitatum — ?.  Oxydulum  vitreatum, 
Antimonii  viirum — s.  Oxydum  semivitreum, 
Antiniouii  vitrum — s,  Oxydum  sulphuratum, 
Oxydum  slibii  sulphuratum — s.  Subhydrosul- 
phas,  Antimonii  sulphuretum  rubrum — s.  Sub- 
in  uriaa  prsecipit^ndo  paratum,  Algaroth — s.  Sul- 
phurati  hydrosulphuretum  rubrum,  Antimonii 
sulphuretum  rubrum — s.  Sulphuretum  nigrum, 
Antimonium — s.  Vitrum,  Antimonii  vitrum. 

STIBIOSUM  HYDROSULPHURETUM 
CUM  SULPHURE,  Antimonii  sulphuretum 
praecipitalum — s.  Oxidum,  Antimonium  diapho- 
reticum. 

STIBIUM,  Antimonium. 

STICKWORT,  Agrimony. 

STIFF  JOINTS,  Milk  sickness. 

Stiff  Joint,  Musculak,  Contractura. 

STIGMATA,  see  JSaevus. 

STILBOMA,  Cosmetic. 

STILLA,  Gutla. 

ST1LLATIO  SANGUINIS  E  NARIBUS, 
Epistaxis. 

STJLLICID'IUM,  Substil'lum ,  from  stillare, 
'to  drop.'  This  term  is  often  used  synony- 
mously with  Strangury.  It  means  the  flow  of 
any  fluid — particularly  the  urine — drop  by  drop. 
Also  a  kind  of  embrocation  effected  by  dropping 
a  liquid  upon  a  part. 

Stillicidium  Nakium,  Coryza— s.  Sanguinis 
e  naribus,  Epistaxis. 

STILLIN'GIA,  S.  sijlvatfica,  Queen's  Root, 
Queen's  delight,  Yaw  root,  Mar'cory,  Cockvp  hat. 
An  indigenous  plant,  which  grows  in  pine  bar- 
rens, from  Virginia  to  Florida.  Sex.  Syst.  Mo- 
ncecia  Monadelphia.  Nat.  Ord.  Euphorbiaceae. 
The  root  is  said  to  be  used  in  syphilis,  obstinate 
cutaneous  affections,  &c,  like  sarsaparilla. 

STIMATO'SIS,  Stymatosis,  Hannorrha'gia 
Penis,  Slymalorrha'gia,  Phallorrhu! gia,  from 
eru/xu,  '  priapism,'  itself  from  <rrvnr,  'to  erect.' 
Hemonhage  from  the  male  organ,  accompanied 
or  not  with  priapism. 

STIMMI,  Antimonium. 

STIM'ULANT,  Stim'ulans,  Ex'cit.ans,  Exci'- 
tant,  In'citans,  Inci'tant,  from  stimulare,  '  to 
goad.'  A  medicine  which  has  the  power  of 
exciting  the  organic  action  of  the  different  sys- 
tems of  the  economy.  Some  stimulants  are 
diffusible,-  i.  e.  have  a  prompt  but  temporary 
action;  others  are  permanent  or  persistent.  The 
action  of  stimulants  is  called  Stimulation. 

The  chief  stimulants  are  the  following: — 
iEther  Sulphuricus,  Ammonia,  Asafcetida,  Bru- 
cia,  Camphora,  Capsicum,  Castoreum,  Cinna- 
momum,  Copaiba,  Cubeba,  Guaiacum,  Hydrar- 
gyri  Prreparata,  lodinum,  Nux  Vomica,  Olea 
Essentialia,  Opium  (in  small  dose,)  Piper,  Si- 
napis,  Strychnia,  Zingiber, — Alcohol,  Caloric, 
Electricity,  Mental  Emotions,  (the  Impetuous.) 

STIM'ULUS,  'a  goad.'  Incitamen'tuia,  In- 
cita'tio.  Any  thing  which  excites  the  animal 
economy. 

STUNK  POKE,  Dracontium  fcetidnm— s. 
Weed,  Chenopodium  anthelminticum,  Datura 
stramonium.  Polanisia  graveolens. 

STIPATIO,  Stegnosis. 

Stipatio  Trlje  Cellulos.e  Infantum,  In- 
duration of  the  cellular  tissue  of  children. 

ST1ROS1S.  Sterilitas. 

STITCH,  Pleurodynia — s.  Common,  Suture, 
common— s.  in  the  Side,  Pleurodynia— s.  Royal, 
Suture,  common. 

STIZOLOBIC' M,  Dolichos  pruriens. 


STLENGIS,  Stridor  dentium. 

STOCHKION,  Element. 

STOCKING  (LACED,)  (F.)  Bas  la, 
bandage  used  by  surgeons,  which  consists  of  a 
stocking  made   of  firm   cloth  or  dog-skin,  ad- 
mitting of  being  lightly  laced  anteriorly.     It  is 
employed  in  varices  and  ulcers  of  the  legs. 

STOMA,  Mouth. 

STOMAC'ACE,  Stomal'gia,  Lubrisul' cium, 
Cheilod  ace,  Uloc'ace,  Cheilomula'cia,  Stomatono'- 
ma,  Stomatonecro' sis,  from  oro,««,  'the  mouth,' 
and  xaxof,  'evil:'  Cancer  Oris,  Canker.  Foetor 
of  the  mouth  with  a  bloody  discharge  from  the 
gums.  (F.)  Cancer  aquatiyue.  See  Cancer 
Aqualicus.     Also,  Scurvy. 

Stomacace,  Porphyra  nautica — s.  Gangre- 
nosum, Cancer  aquaticus — s.  Universale,  Pur- 
pura hajmorrhaofica. 

STOMACAL,  Stomachal. 

STOMACALGIA,  Cardialgia. 

STOMACH,  Stom'achus,  Ventrid 'ulus,  Kedys, 
Anoca'lia,  Caster.  (F.)  Estomac,  from  <TTo^a, 
'  a  mouth.'  One  of  the  principal  organs  of  di- 
gestion.  It  is  a  musculo-membranous  reser- 
voir; continuous,  on  the  one  side,  with  the  oeso- 
phagus; on  the  other,  with  the  duodenum.  It 
is  situate  beneath  the  diaphragm,  between  the 
liver  and  tho  spleen;  and  occupies  the  epigas- 
trium and  a  part  of  the  left  hypochondriurn. 
In  it  the  food  is  converted  into  chyme.  When 
viewed  externally,  the  stomach  has,  1.  An  ante- 
rior face,  which  looks  a  little  upwards.  2.  An 
inferior  face,  directed  downwards.  3.  An  infe- 
rior or  colic  margin,  which  is  convex  and  exten- 
sive, and  is  called  the  greater  curvature,  (F.) 
Grand  courbure.  It  gives  origin  to  the  omen- 
tum majus.  4.  A  superior  or  diaphragmatic 
margin,  which  is  shorter,  concave,  and  is  called 
the  lesser  curvature,  (F.)  Petit  courbure.  The 
lesser  omentum  is  attached  to  this.  5.  A  left 
or  oesophageal  orifice,  called,  also,  the  curdin.  Os 
■centric' 'all  or  upper  orifice.  6.  A  right  or  intes- 
tinal, or  inferior  orifice,  called  the  pylorus.  7.  A 
considerable  dilatation,  situate  to  the  left  of  the 
cardia  and  greater  curvature — the  great  tubero- 
sity of  the  stomach;  and,  8.  A  less  extensive 
dilatation,  situate  to  the  right  of  the  greater 
curvature  : — the  lesser  tuberosity  or  lesser  cul- 
de-sac,  Antrum  Pylo'ri.  The  inner  surface  of 
the  stomach  is  of  a  reddish-white  colour,  and 
has  a  marbled  appearance.  It  is  constantly 
covered  by  a  thick  mucus,  and  is  lined  by  a 
mucous  membrane,  which  presents  numerous 
wrinkles.  The  parietes  of  the  stomach  consist 
of  three  membranes  in  superposition.  The 
outermost  is  serous:  and  is  an  extension  of  the 
peritoneum;  the  middle  coat  is  muscular,—  some 
of  its  fibres  running  longitudinally;  others, 
transversely:  the  innermost  membrane  is  of  a 
mucous  nature,  but  not  exactly  a  continuation 
of  the  membrane  that  lines  the  oesophagus.  The 
mucous  and  muscular  membranes  form,  at  the 
pylorus,  a  valve,  called  the  Pyloric  valve.  These 
three  coats  are  united  by  a  dense,  close,  cellu- 
lar membrane  ;  and,  between  the  mucous  and 
muscular  coats,  along  the  two  curvatures  espe- 
cially, is  a  quantity  of  muciparous  glands,  called 
Glands  of  Brunner.  The  arteries  of  the  sto- 
mach are  very  numerous,  and  proceed  from  the 
coronaria  ventriculi,  the  pyloric,  splenic,  and 
right  and  left  gastro-epiploic.  The  veins  have 
the  same  name,  and  pursue  the  same  course  as 
the  arteries.     They  pour  their  blood  into  tho 


STOMACH  DISEASE 


709 


STRABI 


trunk  of  the  vena  porta.  Its  lymphatic  vessels 
are  very  numerous,  and  pass  into  ganglia,  situ- 
ate along  the  two  curvatures.  The  nerves  of 
the  stomach  proceed  from  the  pneumogastric, 
and  three  divisions  of  the  cosliac  plexus. 
Stomach  Disease,  Limosis. 
Stomach  Pump.  A  useful  instrument  for 
conveying  fluids  to  the  stomach,  when  deglu- 
tition is  impracticable,  and  for  pumping  up  the 
contentsof  the  stomach.  It  consists  of  a  forcing 
syringe,  to  the  bottom  and  nozzle  of  which  flex- 
ible tubes  can  be  attached.  When  the  object  is 
to  force  fluids  into  the  stomach,  the  stomach- 
tube  must  be  attached  to  the  nozzle,  and  passed 
down  the  throat, — the  tube  connected  with  the 
bottom  of  the  syringe  being  placed  in  the  fluid 
to  be  injected.  To  empty  the  stomach,  the 
stomach  tube  must  be  attached  to  the  bottom  of 
the  instrument.  This  instrument  has  been  of 
great  service  where  poisons  have  been  taken. 
The  antidote,  when  any  exists,  and  is  at  hand, 
should  be  administered  immediately  prior  to 
its  use. 

The  stomach  pump  was  first  employed  in 
America  by  Dr.  Physick,  in  the  year  1812. 

Stomach,  Sick,  Milk  sickness — s.  Tube,  see 
Tube,  oesophageal. 

STOM'ACHAL,  Stomach'ic,  Cardi'acus,  Sto- 
maclt'icus,  Stomacha'lis,  (F.)  Stomacal,  Stoma- 
chique.  That  which  belongs  to  the  stomach; 
that  which  is  good  for  the  stomach;  which 
strengthens  the  stomach.  A  medicine  that 
gives  tone  to  the  stomach. 

STOMACHIQUE,  Stomachal. 

STOMACHUS,  from  trio/ia,  '  mouth.'  This 
word  has  been  used  in  several  different  accep- 
tations; e.  g.  for  the  oesophagus, for  the  cardiac 
orifice  of  the  stomach,  (see  Cardia,)  and  for  the 
stomach  itself.  Hippocrates  calls  the  neck  of 
the  bladder  oxoucx/og  y.uartwg;  and  the  neck  of 
the  uterus  xrfi  ftiTnctg  OTopaycc. 

STOMAL'GIA,from<n-o«a,<  mouth,'  and  alyog, 
'pain.'     Pain  in  the  mouth.    Stomacace,  (q.  v.) 

STOMAT'IC,  Stomat'icus,  from  arofia, 
'mouth.'  A  medicine  used  in  diseases,  &c,  of 
the  mouth.  Dentifrices,  masticatories,  &c,  are 
stomatics. 

STOMAT1TE  APHTHEUSE,  Stomatitis 
aphthous— s.  Charbonneuse,  Cancer  aquaticus— 
s.  Couenneuse,  Stomatitis  pseudo-membranous 
—s.  Crimeuse  pu/tacee,  Aphtha}— s.  Follir.ideuse, 
Stomatitis,  aphthous— s.  Gangreneuse,  Cancer 
aquaticus — s.  Mcrcuriellc,  see  Salivation,  mer- 
curial— s.  Ulcereuse,  Stomatitis  aphthous. 

STOMATITIS;  from  ox^a, '  the  mouth,'  and 
His,  denoting  inflammation.  (F.)  Inflammation 
de  la  Bouche.     Inflammation  of  the  mouth. 

Stomatitis,  Aphthous,  S.  follicular,  S.  ul- 
cerous, Emj/ltlysis  Aphthae,  A.  Adulto'rum,  (F.) 
Stomatite,  S.  aphtheuse,  S.  folliculeuse,  S.  -ulce- 
reuse. An  inflammation  of  the  follicles  of  the 
mouth,  constituting  the  aphtha;  of  the  adult, 
which  is  generally  accompanied,  by  cephalic, 
gastric,  and  general  disturbance.  It  may  be 
either  descrete  or  confluent,  and  requires  gene- 
ral and  local  treatment,  adapted  to  the  case. 

Stomatitis  of  nursing-women  appears  to  be 
a  variety  of  S.  aphthous. 

Stomatitis,  Erythematous,  Simple  inflam- 
mation of  the  mouth. 

Stomatitis,  Follicular,  S.  aphthous  — s. 
Gangrenous,  Cancer  aquaticus— s.  of  Nursing- 
women,  see  S.  aphthous. 


Stomatitis, Pseudomembranous,  (F.)  Stoma' 
tile  couenneuse,  DiphtMrite  buccale,  Pseudomem- 
branous ivflammidion  of  the  mouth.  Inflam- 
mation of  the  mouth  accompanied  by  the  exu- 
dation of  a  false  membrane, — a  disease  which 
is  rarely  seen  except  in  large  foundling  estab- 
lishments. 

Stomatitis,  Ulcerous,  S.  aphthous. 

STOMATO-GASTRIC,  Sto'mato-gas' trims, 
from  OToi.iu,  'the  mouth,'  and  yaoT?;p, 'the  sto- 
mach.' Appertaining  to  the  mouth  and  sto- 
mach,— as  the  stomato-gastric  ganglions  of  the 
lower  animals. 

STOMATOMALACIA  PUTRIDA,  Cancer 
aquaticus. 

STOMATONECROSIS,  Cancer  aquaticus, 
Stomacace. 

STOMATONOMA,  Stomacace. 

STOMATOPA'NUS,  from  otojuci,'  the  mouth, ' 
and  Trctrog,  'a  glandular  tumour.'  Stomatophy'- 
ma  glandulosum,  Panus  Fau'cium.  Tumefac- 
tion of  the  glands  of  the  mouth. 

STOMATOPH  Y'MA,  from  c-roua,  'the 
mouth,'  and  <fv^ia,  '  a  swelling.'  A  swelling  in 
the  mouth. 

Stomatophyma  Glandulosum,  Stomato- 
panus. 

STOMATOPLASTY,  Stomatoplasties,- 
from  otu/u.(x,  '  the  mouth,'  and  7r\aaoto, '  I  form.' 
The  operation  of  forming  a  mouth,  where  the 
aperture  has  been  contracted  from  any  cause. 

STOMATORRHA'GIA,  Hmnorrhag"ia  oris, 
Stomato'sis,  (F.)  Hemorrhagic  buccale,  from 
oxo/^a,  'the  mouth,'  and  grjyvvfil,  'I  break  out' 
Hemorrhage  from  the  mouth.     Stomorrha' gia. 

Stomatorrhagia  Gingivarum,  Ulorrhagia. 

STOMATOSCOPE,i'rom  <rTon&,  'mouth,'  and 
<rx.o7Ti<»,  '1  view.'  Any  instrument  for  keeping 
the  mouth  open,  so  as  to  permit  the  parts 
within  to  be  inspected ;  speculum  oris,  (q.  v.) 

STOMATOSEPSIS,  Cancer  aquaticus. 

STOMATOSIS,  Stomatorrhagia. 

STOMOMANICON,  Platysma  myoides. 

STOMORRHAG1A,  Stomatorrhagia. 

STONE  IN  THE  BLADDER,  Calculi,  vesi- 
cal— s.  Binder,  Osteocolla — s.  Crop,  Sedum — s. 
Crop,  Biting,  Sedum — s.  Mint,  Cunila  mariana 
— s.  Pock,  Acne — s.  Root,  Collinsonia  Cana- 
densis. 

STONES,  THE,  Testes. 

STORAX,  Styrax — s.  Liquida,  Liquidambar 
styraciflua. 

STOREY'S  WORM  CAKES.  An  empiri- 
cal preparation,  formed  of  calomel  £)j>  jalap. 
J5J-  zingib.  Qij.  saech.  §j,  cinnab.  antirn.  q.  s.  to 
colour  them ;  syrup,  simpl.  q.  s.  to  make  into 
cakes. 

STORKBILL,  Geranium  maculatum. 

STOVE.  Old  French  Estuve,  Slupha,-  a 
Steio,  JEstua'rium,  (F.)  £luve.  A  limited  space, 
warmed  artificially,  and  in  which  the  air  is 
slowly  renewed.  It  is  used  for  drying  various 
substances,  as  plants,  extracts,  conserves,  &c, 
or  for  taking  vapour  baths.  In  this  case,  the 
stew  or  stove  is  said  to  be  wet  or  humid;  in  the 
opposite  case,  it  is  said  to  be  dry,  (F.)  seche. 
The  latter,  which  is  used  by  the  Turks,  is  the 
Lacon'icum  or  Calida'rium  of  the  Romans.  The 
former  is  their  tepida'rium  or  vapora'rium. 
These  kinds  of  baths  greatly  excite  the  cuta- 
neous transpiration;  and  are  valuable  agents 
in  rheumatic  and  other  affections. 

STRABI,  see  Strabismus. 


STRABlLfSMOS 


710 


STRIGIL 


STRABILISMOS.  Strabismus. 

STRABIS'MUS,  StralnWmos,  Parop'sis  Stra- 
bismus, from  orga^oc,  'twisted,'  'one  who 
squints.'  Strubos'ilus,  Distor'sia,  Lus'ntas,  lllo' - 
sis,  Squinting ,  Goggle  Eye,,  (F.)  Strabisme,  Vuc 
low  he,  Louchement.  Want  of  concordance  of 
the  optic  axis.  It  may  be  dependent  upon  na- 
tural or  acquired  inequality  in  the  action  of  the 
inotory  muscles  of  the  eye;  on  a  convulsive 
state  of  one  of  those  muscles;  a  difference  in 
the  sensibility  of  the  two  eyes;  or  a  cerebral 
affection.  In  the  treatment,  if  the  disease  seem 
to  depend  upon  an  excess  of  strength  in  one  of 
the  motory  muscles,  we  must  endeavour  to  give 
tone  to  that  which  is  too  weak,  by  placing  be- 
fore tiie  eye  a  mask  having  a  small  aperture  on 
the  side  to  which  it  is  necessary  to  direct  the 
pupil;  or  by  wearing  glasses,  provided  with  a 
piece  of  looking-glass,  on  the  side  to  which  the 
eye  is  vitiously  turned;  so  that  the  reflection 
may  be  inconvenient,  and  occasion  the  organ 
to  be  turned  in  an  opposite  direction  ;  or  by 
putting  a  black  patch  on  the  angle  opposite  to 
that  to  which  the  eye  is  turned.  If  owing  to 
weakness,  the  organ  must  be  strengthened  by 
being  exerted  alone,  and  by  leaving  the  other 
at  rest.  If  the  disease  be  symptomatic  of  cere- 
bral affection,  attention  must,  of  course,  be  di- 
rected to  the  latter. 

Those  affected  with  Strabismus,  are  called 
Strain,  Strcbli;  in  French,  Loucltes,  Bigles, 

STRABOSITAS,  Strabismus. 

STRABO  T'OMY,  Strubotom'ia,  from  ar^a^o?, 
'one  who  squints,'  and  ropy],  'incision.'  The 
operation  for  the  removal  of  squinting  by  the 
division  of  the  muscle  or  muscles  that  distort 
the  eye-ball. 

To  STRAIN,  colore,  (F.)  couler, from  ar^ayyur, 
strin gcre,(V '.)  estreindre,  'to  constrict  or  squeeze.' 
To  pass  decoctions,  infusions,  &.c,  forcibly 
through  linen;  also,  to  exert  an  effort.  This  is 
accomplished  by  fixing  firmly  the  parts  where 
the  muscles  to  be  exerted  originate,  in  order 
that  their  full  power  may  be  developed. 

STRAINING,  Nisus. 

STRAITS  OF  THE  PELVIS,  see  Pelvis. 

STRAMOINE,  Datura  stramonium  — Stra- 
monium majus  alburn,  Datura  stramonium — s. 
Spinosum,  Datura  stramonium. 

STRANG  A  L'IDES,  from  erga/yeum,  '  I  tor- 
ment.' Small,  hard  tumours,  which  form  in  the 
breast,  when  the  milk  does  not  find  issue. 

STRANGERS'  FEVER,  see  Fever.strangers'. 

STRANGULATIO,  Orthopncea— s.  Uterina, 
Hysteria. 

STRANGULATION,  Strangula'tio,  Pnix, 
Pnig'i/ios,  (F.)  Etranglcment,  Strangulation. 
State  of  a  part  too  closely  constricted.  Thus 
we  say  that  there  is  strangulation  of  an  intesti- 
nal hernia,  when  the  opening  that  gives  pas- 
sage to  the  portion  of  protruded  intestine  con- 
tracts, so  as  to  intercept  the  continuity  of  the 
digestive  canal.  In  Legal  Medicine,  it  means 
the  forcible  obstruction  of  the  air  passages,  by 
a  ligature  or  by  the  hand  for  criminal  purposes. 
See  Suffocation. 

Strangulation,  Uterine,  Strangulatio  ute- 
ri'na,  Suffocatio  ute.rina,  S.  hyster'ica,  Prwfoca'- 
iio.  The  sense  of  suffocation  which  often  ac- 
companies attacks  of  hysteria. 

STRANGURIA,  Enuresis. 

STR/JXGURIE,  Strangury— s.  Mcnstruelle, 
Strangury. 


STRAN'GURY,  Stranguria,  Paru'ria  slilla- 
til'tia,  from  ffTgoeyyu*,  'to  squeeze,'  and  ovqtv, 
'urine:'  Dysu'ria  (q.  v.;)  Urina  Stillicid'ium  vel 
SubstiFlum,  (F.)  Strangurie.  Extreme  difficulty 
in  evacuating  the  urine,  which  issues  only  drop 
by  drop,  and  is  accompanied  with  heat,  pain, 
tenesmus  at  the  neck  of  the  bladder,  &c.  See 
Ischuria,  and  Retention. 

STRATH PEFFER,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  A  sulphuretted  water,  at  Strathpeffer,  a 
few  miles  west  from  Dingwall,  in  Ross-shire, 
Scotland.  It  contains  sulphate  of  soda,  sulphate 
of  lime,  chloride  of  sodium,  sulphate  of  magne- 
sia, and  sulpho-hydric  acid. 

STRATIOTES,  Achillea  millefolium.  f 

STRATUM  PROL1GERUM,  Proligerom 
Disc. 

STRAWBERRY,  Fragaria— s.  Shrubby,  Ru- 
bus  arcticus. 

STKEATHAM.  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Streatham  is  a  village  near  London.  The  wa- 
ters are  saline  and  cathartic. 

STREBLI.  see  Strabismus. 

STREBLOSIS,  Luxation. 

STREMMA,  Luxation,  Sprain. 

STREPITO'SUS  MORBUS.  'Noisy  disease.' 
A  kind  of  flatulent  disease,  said  by  Sorbait  to 
be  not  uncommon  in  the  Austrian  Alps,  in 
which  emphysematous  tumours  form  on  dif- 
ferent parts  of  the  body, — accompanied  by  sono- 
rous excretions  of  gas  by  the  mouth  and  anus. 

STREPITUS  AURIUM,  Tinnitus  aurium. 

STRETCHING,  Pandiculation. 

STRLE  CORNER,  Tenia  semicircularis— 
s.  Pietina?  subjecta?  ligamento  ciliaii,  Halo  sig- 
natus — s.  Semilunares,  Tenia  semicircularis. 

STRIATUS,  Canncle,  Grooved,  see  Corpora 
striata. 

STRIBILIGO,  Efflorescence. 

STRICTURA  INTESTLM  RECTI,  Stricture 
of  the  rectum — s.  Intestini  recti  spasmodica, 
Stricture  of  the  Rectum,  spasmodic— s.  Oeso- 
phagi callosa,  Dysphagia  constricta — s.  QEso- 
phagi  spasmodica,  OZsophagisinus — s.  Pharyn- 
gis  seu  oesophagi  vera,  Dysphagia  constricta. 

STRICTURE,  Strictu'ra,  from  stringere, 
strictum,  'to  tie  hard.'  Coarcta'tio,  (F._)  Rctre- 
cissement.  A  diminution  or  contracted  condi- 
tion of  some  tube  or  duct,  as  the  oesophagus, 
rectum,  urethra,  *tc.  This  must  be  dilated  by 
appropriate  bougies.  Strictures  may,  also,  oc- 
cur in  the  intestines,  &c,  when  they  are  un- 
manageable; — with  the  exception  of  those  of 
the  rectum,  which  admit  of  topical  applications. 

Stricture  of  the  CEsophagus,  Dysphagia 
constricta— s.  of  the  Pharynx,  Dysphagia  con- 
stricta. 

Stricture  of  the  Rectum,  Spasmodic, 
Strictu'ra  Intesti'ni  Recti  spasmod'ica,  Obstruc'lio 
Recti  spas'tica.  An  affection  occurring  in  the 
nervous  especially,  which  subsides  spontane- 
ously, after  a  longer  or  shorter  continuance. 

Stricture  of  the  rectum.  Strictu'ra  Intesti'ni 
Rer/i,  Proctostenosis  organ'ica;  also  occurs  or- 
ganically, and  is  a  very  serious  affection;  being 
generally  dependent  upon  scirrhns. 

STRIDOR  DENT1UM,  Prists,  Prismos, 
Bryg'mus,  (q.  v)  (F.)  Grincemcnt  des  dents, 
'  Grinding  of  the  teeth.'  A  common  symptom, 
in  children,  of  gastric  and  other  derangement ; 
and  often  present  when  there  is  no  reason  to 
suspect  any. 

STRIGIL,  S'rig'ilis,  Stlcngis,  Stclengis.     A 


STROBILITITES 


711 


STRYCHNOS  NUX  VOMICA 


fl*.sh    brush.     Also,   an    instrument,   anciently 
used  in  the  baths,  for  scraping  oft' the  sweat. 

STROBILITI'TES,  from  <rt  actios,  'acone 
ofthe  pine.'     Wine  impregnated  with  the  cones 
of  the  pine. 
STROEMIA,  Cadaba. 

STROKE,  APOPLECTIC.     An   apoplectic 
seizure. 

Stroke,  Back,  of  the  Heart, Impulse, dia- 
stolic- 

Stroke,  Paralytic.     A  sudden  attack  of  en- 
cephalo-spinal  paralysis.* 
STROMA,  see  Ovarium. 
STROM  BULCUS,  Forceps  (bullet) 
STRONGLE,  Strongylus — s.  GeaiU,  Stron- 
gylus gigas. 

STRON'GYLUS,  from  vrQoyyvXot,  'round.' 
Hippocrates,  Chabert,  and  others,  mean  the  As- 
curia  lumbricoides  by  this  term.  The  Strongylus 
Givas,  (F.)  Strongle,  S.  g'eant,  is,  however,  dis- 
tinct.    It  lias  an  obtuse,  flat  head:   mouth  sur- 
rounded  with   six   flattish   papillae  :   the  whole 
bursa  of  the  male  truncated:    the  tail  ofthe  fe- 
male rounded.    It  is  sometimes  met  with, — five 
inches,  a  foot,  a  foot  and  a  half,  and  even  three 
feet  long, — and  from  two  lines  to  half  an  inch 
in  diameter.   It  is  occasionally  found  in  the  hu- 
man kidney  :  rarely  in  other  viscera;  and,  still 
mere  rarely  in  the  intestinal  tube. 
Strongylus,  Teres. 
STROP HOS,  Tormina. 
STROP HliLE,  Strophulus. 
STROP1TULUS,     Liclteni'asis     strophulus, 
Ebulli'lio,    Exanthema    strophulus,    Exor'mia 
Strophulus,  lied    Gum,  Red    Gown,  Tuoili  Rash, 
White  fium,  Milk-spots,  (F.)  Strophule,  Feux  de 
dents.    It   consists  of  an   eruption   of  red,    or 
sometimes  whitish  pimples;  occurring  in  early 
infancy,  chiefly  about  the  face,  neck,  and  arms, 
surrounded  by  a  reddish  halo  ;  or  interrupted  by 
irregular  petches  of  cutaneous  blush.     All  the 
varieties  under  this  genus  arise  in  consequence 
of  the  extreme  vascularity   and   irritability  of 
the  skin  at  this  period  of  life,  when  the  consti- 
tution is  liable  to  be  disturbed  by  irritation, either 
in  the  alimentary  canal,  gums  or  other  parts. 
None  of  these  eruptions  are  of  any  importance; 
and  no  medical  treatment  is  usually  necessary. 
If  the  stomach  seem  at  all  disordered,  a  little 
rhubarb  and  magnesia  may  be  occasionally  ad- 
ministered.    Willan  and   Bateman  reckon  five 
species,— Strophulus  inlerlinc'lus,  Red  gum  or 
gown;  S.  at' bid  us  or  white  gum;   S.  confer' tua 
or  rank  icd  gunt,   Tooth  rash,-  S.  volat'icus  or 
Eryllie'ma  volat'icunt,  and  S.  ean'didus. 

Strophulus  Sylvestris,. Ignis  sylvaticus— 
s.  Volaticus,  Ignis  sylvaticus. 

STRUCTURE,    Structu'ra,  Catasceu'l,  from 
struere,  Slruclum,  '  to  build.'     The  arrangement 
of  the  different  tissues  or  organic  elements  ol 
which  annuals  and  vegetables  are  composed. 
STRUMA,  Bronchocele,  Scrofula. 
STRUMES.  Scrofula. 
STR UM E UX,  Scrofulous. 
STRUMOSUS,  Scrofulous. 
STRUMOUS,  Scrofulous. 
STRUTIlIOPll'AGUS,  from  vtqou^o;,  'the 
ostrich.'   a„d   cpcyo,,  « 1  eat.'     Struthiophagous 
tribes  still  exist  in  some  parts  of  Ainca. 
STRUTIHUM,  Saponaria. 
STRYCHNIA,  Strychnine. 
STRYCHiNI'NA,  Stryeh'nme, Strychnia,  Yau- 


qucline.     An  alkaline  principle;  solid,  crystal- 
line, inodorous,  bitter,  and  excessively  poison- 
ous, which  has  been   discovered  in   the   Strych- 
nos  nux  vomica,  (Nucis  vomicae.,  rasur.  Ibiv  ;  cnlcis, 
pulv.  3Evj;  acid  muriat.  f.  ;jiij;  alcohol;  acid,  ml- 
'phuric-dil.,  liquor,  ammonise,-  carbon,  animal,  pu- 
rif.,  aquce.a.ix  q.s.  Digest  the  nux  vomica  in  two 
gallons  of  water,  acidulated   with  a  fiuidounce 
of  muriatic  acid,  for  24  hours  :  then  boil  for  two 
hours,  and  strain   with  expression    through  a 
strong    linen    bag.     Boil    the   residuum    twice 
successively  in  the  same  quantity  of  acidulated 
water,  each  time  straining  as  before.      Mix  the 
decoctions,  and  evaporate  to  the  consistency  of 
thin  syrup;  then  add  the  lime  previously  mixed 
with  a  pint  of  water,  and   boil  for  ten    minutes, 
frequently  stirring.      Pour  the  mixture  into  a 
double  linen  bag,  and  having  washed  the  pre- 
cipitate well  with  water,  press,  dry,  and  powder 
it.     Treat  the  powder  repeatedly  with  boiling 
alcohol,  until  deprived  of  its  bitterness;   mix 
the  liquors  and  distil  off  the  alcohol  by  means  of 
a  water  bath.     Mix  the  residue  with  water,  and 
having  applied  heat,  drop  in  sufficient  diluted 
sulphuric  acid   to  neutralize   and   dissolve  the 
strychnia;  then  add    purified  animal   charcoal; 
boil  for  a    few    minutes,   filter,   evaporate   and 
crystallize.     Dissolve  the  crystals  in  water,  and 
add  sufficient  solution  of  ammonia  to  precipi- 
tate the  strychnia.     Lastly,  dry  the  precipitate 
on  bibulous  paper.     Ph.    U.  S.)     The  medical 
action  of  strychnia  on  man  and  animals  is  ex- 
actly like  that  of  the  alcoholic  extract  of  nux 
vomica.  It  is,  however,  more  active.   An  eighth 
of  a  grain  is  sufficient  to  kill  a  large  dog;  and 
a  quarter  of  a  grain  produces  marked  effects  on 
the  human  body,  when  in  health.     It  has  been 
given  in  paralysis  and  other  cases  like  the  nux 
vomica.     Dose,  gr.  one-twelfth  to  one-eighth. 

The  Acetate  of  Strychnia,  the  Indate  in  the 
dose  of  one-eighth  of  a  grain;  the  Nitrate  and 
the  Sulphate  have  been  given  in  the  same 
cases  as  pure  Strychnia. 

STRYCHNOS,  Solanum  dulcamara. 
Sthycmnos  Nux  Vom'ica,  Nux  Vomica,  Nux 
Metel'la,  Caniram.  Family,  Strychnoidea3._    Sea;. 
Syst.  Fentandria  Monogynia.     (P.)   Vomiqmer. 
A  tree  of  the  family  Strychno'idcs  which  grows 
in  India,  and  the  seeds  of  which  have  been  long 
sold  in  the  shops,  under  the  names,  Nux  Vomica, 
Vomic  nut,  Poison  nut,  Bachelor's  buttons,  &e. 
(F.)  Noix  vomique.    For  a  long  time,  these  seeds 
were  used  only  for  poisoning  rats;  but,  of  late 
years,  an  alcoholic  extract  has  been   prepared 
from  them,  which  has  been  administered  in  pa- 
ralytic affections,  in  small  doses.      Dose  of  the 
alcoholic  extract,  Exlractum  nucis  vom'ica:  spiri- 
too' sum.  E.  nucis  vomica!   resino'sum,  E.  n    v. 
alcohoticum,  (F.)   Eztrait  alcoholique   de   noix 
vomique,  one  or  two  grains.     It  produces  a  kind 
of  tetanic   convulsion   in  tlie    paralyzed    parts, 
when  given   to  the  requisite  extent.     It   has, 
also,    been    administered    in    chronic   diarrhoea 
and    dysentery.     The  following  is  the  formula 
for  the   preparation  of  the   Extrac'tum    Necis 
Vom'icie  ofthe  Pharm,.  U.S.  (1842.)     Take  of 
Nux  vomica,  lb j ;  Alcohol,*  sufficient  quantity. 
Expose  the  Nux  Vomica  to  steam  till  it  is  soft- 
ened; then,  having  sliced  and  dried  it,  grind  it 
into  powder.      Introduce  it  into  an  appaiatusfor 
displacement,  and  pour  alcohol  upon  it  gradually, 
until  the  liquid  passes  without  bitterness.     Dis- 
til off  the  gieatcr  part  of  the  alcohol  from  the 


STRYPHNOS 


712 


STYL  0-  THYR  O-PHA  R  YJYG IEN 


filtered  liquor,  and  evaporate  the  residue  to  the 
proper  consistence, 

The  wood  of  Strychnos  Colubri'na,  an  Indian 
tree,  contains  strychnia.  It  was  formerly  con- 
sidered a  specific  against  the  bites  of  venomous 
animals;  and  was  recommended  by  Boerhaave, 
in  intermittents.  It  is  the  Lignum  Colubri'num, 
(F.)  Bois  dc  Couleuvre. 

STRYPHNOS,  Acerb. 

STUDIUM  INANE,  Aphelxia  otiosa. 

STUDY,  BROWN,  Aphelxia  otiosa. 

STUFFING,  Cynanche  trachealis. 

STULTITIA,  Fatuitas. 

STUNNED.  Old  French  Estonne,  (L.)  atto- 
nitus,  'astonished.'  (F.)  itonni.  An  epithet, 
applied  to  one,  who,  in  consequence  of  a  fall  or 
other  accident,  has  received  such  a  concussion 
of  the  brain  as  to  deprive  him,  for  a  time,  of  his 
mental  manifestations. 

STUP A,  0Tv7rTi,  Stup'pa,  Stupei'on.  Tow,  used 
in  certain  surgical  apparatus  and  dressings. 
Also,  a  Stupe,  i.  e.  cloth  or  tow  used  in  fomen- 
tations. A  flannel,  wrung  out  of  hot  water, 
and  applied  to  a  part,  is  a  stupe. 

STUPE,  Stupa. 

STUTEFAC1ENTIA,  Narcotics. 

STUPEFACT1FS,  Narcotics. 

STUPEFACTIO,  Narcosis. 

STUPtiFIAJVTS,  Narcotics. 

STUPEION,  Stupa. 

STUPEUR,  Stupor. 

STUPHA,  Stove. 

STUPIA,  Tin. 

STUPOR,  Ecplex'is,  Constcrna'do,  (F.)  Stu- 
peur,  from  slupere,  'to  be  stupefied.'  Dimi- 
nished activity  of  the  intellectual  faculties; 
often  amounting  to  lethargy.  It  occurs  in 
many  affections,  especially  in  the  neuroses. 

Stupor,  Narcosis — s.  Mentis,  Fatuitas — s.  Vi- 
gilans,  Catalepsy. 

STUPPA.  Stupa. 

STUPRUM,  Rape,  (F.)  D6floration,Yiol. 
Forcible  and  illicit  enjoyment  of  a  married  or 
unmarried  female.  When  committed  upon  the 
latter,  which  is  most  commonly  the  case,  it  is 
also  called,  Deflora'tion,  Deflora'tio,  Devirgina!  ■ 
tio,  Vitia'lio,  Apanthis'mus,  &c.  In  judging 
whether  rape  has  been  committed,  under  such 
circumstances; — the  state  of  the  genital  organs; 
the  age  of  the  individual ;  and  the  possibility  of 
accidents  and  diseases  of  the  parts,  will  have 
to  be  considered.  It  will  be  necessary,  also,  to 
be  acquainted  with  the  evidences  of  virginity; 
and  to  determine, — if  signs  of  virginity  no 
longer  exist, — whether  its  loss  be  attributable 
to  copulation,  or  to  the  introduction,  into  the 
vagina,  of  another  body  than  the  male  organ, 
&c.  Recent  deflowering  can,  of  course,  be  much 
more  readily  distinguished  than  that  which  has 
taken  place  for  some  time. 

STYAN.  Hordeolum. 

STYE,  Hordeolum. 

STYGMATES.  M.  J.  Cloquet  has  proposed 
this  word  or  Stigmatcs,  from  o-riyfxa,  'a  mark,' 
to  designate  the  marks,  in  form  of  cicatrices, 
which  remain  on  the  peritoneum  after  the  obli- 
teration of  the  neck  of  the  hernial  sac.  They 
are,  commonly,  radiated  folds,  of  a  whitish  ap- 
pearance, more  or  less  thick,  and  of  a  fibrous  or 
fibrocartilaginous  nature. 

STYLET.  Specillum. 

STY  LI  FORM,  Styloid. 


STYLO-CERATOIDES,  Stylo-hyoideus— s. 
Cerato-hyoideus,  Stylo-hyoideus. 

STYLO-CHONDRO-HYOIDEUS.  A  name 
given,  by  Douglas  and  Albinus,  lo  a  fleshy  fas- 
ciculus, which  the  stylo-hyoid  muscle  some- 
times presents,  and  which  is  attached  to  the 
lesser  cornu  of  the  os  hyoides.  It  is  the  same 
fasciculus  which  Santorini  calls  Styh-liyoi'des 
novus,  Stylo-hyoideus  alter. 

STYLO-GLOSSUS.  A  muscle  situate  at 
the  anterior  and  superior  part  of  the  neck.  It 
is  narrow  behind;  much  broader  before;  and  is 
attached  to  the  styloid  process  of  the  temporal 
bone,  and  to  the  stylo-maxillary  ligament;  and 
is  inserted  into  the  side  of  the  tongue.  It  raises 
the  base  of  the  tongue  and  carries  it  back- 
wards. 

STYLO-HYOiDEUS,  Stylo-hyoidien,  Stylo- 
cer'ato-hyoldeus,  Stylo- ceratoi'des,  Slylo-hyoidcs 
major.  A  muscle  situate  at  the  superior,  ante- 
rior, and  lateral  part  of  the  neck.  It  is  thin  and 
narrow, — especially  posteriorly:  anteriorly,  it 
opens  to  give  passage  to  the  tendon  of  the  di- 
gastricus.  It  is  attached  to  the  styloid  process 
of  the  temporal  bone,  and  to  the  body  of  the  os 
hyoides.  It  raises  the  os  hyoides,  and  carries  it 
backwards. 

Stylo-hyoid  Ligament  is  a  fibrous,  flattened 
cord,  which  passes  from  the  styloid  process  to 
the  lesser  cornu  of  the  os  hyoides. 

Stylo-hyoid  Nkrve  is  the  second  branch 
given  off  by  the  facial  nerve. 

STYLO-M ASTOID,  Sly/o-mastoideus.  That 
which  relates  to  the  styloid  and  mastoid  pro- 
cesses. 

Stylo-mastoid  Artery  arises  from  the  pos- 
terior auricular,  and,  in  some  subjects,  from  the 
occipital.  It  enters  the  stylo-mastoid  foramen; 
passes  along  the  aqueduct  of  Fallopius,  and 
spreads  its  ramifications  on  the  mucous  mem- 
brane of  the  tympanum,  and  in  the  mastoid 
cells,  and  semicircular  canals;  and  terminates 
by  anastomosing  with  a  branch  of  the  Arteria 
meningxa  media,  which  enters  by  the  Hiatus 
Fallopii.  Murray  has  given  the  name — Stylo- 
mastoid— to  the  posterior  auricular  artery  itself. 

Stylo-mastoid  Foramen,  Foramen  Stylo-mas- 
to'ideum  or  F.  Aquseduc' tus  Fallo'pii,  (F.)  Trou 
anotiyme,  is  situate  at  the  inferior  surface  of  the 
petrous  portion  of  the  temporal  bone,  between 
the  styloid  and  mastoid  processes.  It  terminates 
the  aqueduct  of  Fallopius,  and  gives  passage  to 
the  facial  nerve. 

STYL  O-MAX'ILL ARY,  Stylo-maxilla' 'tis. 
That  which  relates  to  the  styloid  processes  and 
jaw. 

The  Stylo-Maxillary  Ligament  is  a  liga- 
mentous, flat  cord,  extending  between  the  sty- 
loid process  and  the  angle  of  the  jaw. 

STYLO-PHARYNGEUS,  Styto-thyro-pha- 
ryngien.  A  muscle,  situate  at  the  anterior  and 
lateral  part  of  the  neck.  It  is  slender;  thin, 
above;  attached  to  the  styloid  process  of  the 
temporal  bone,  and  terminates  in  the  parietes 
of  the  pharynx,  as  well  as  at  the  posterior  mar- 
gin of  the  thyroid  cartilage.  It  raises  the  pha- 
rynx, and  carries  it  backwards.  Professor 
Chaussier  has  united,  under  the  name  Stylo- 
pharyngicti,  the  three  constrictor  muscles  of  the 
pharynx,  the  stylo-pharyngeus,  and  palato-pha- 
ryn<reus. 

STYLO-THYRO-PHARYJYGIEJY,  Stylo- 
pharyngeus. 


STYLOID 


713 


SUBDITA 


STYLOID.  Stifliform,  Styldi'des,  Graphioi'des, 
Graphoides,  Belono'des,  from  orvkos,  'a  style,' 
'a  peg,'  « a  pin,'  and  £,fo?,  'shape,'  shaped  like 
a  peg  or  pin. 

Styloid  Progresses,  or pencil-like  Processes, 
Proccs'sus  Bclotdcs  seu  Belemnoi'des  seu  Belo- 
noi'des  seu  Graphioides  seu  Graphol'des,  are,  1. 
A  long  and  slender  process  of  the  temporal 
bone,  to  which  are  attached  the  stylo-glossus, 
stylo-pharyngeus,  and  stylo-hyoideus  muscles; 
and  the  stylo-hyoid  and  stylo-maxillary  liga- 
ments. 2.  Two  slender  and  pyramidal  pro- 
cesses at  the  inferior  extremities  of  the  radius 
and  ulna. 

STYMATOSIS,  Stimatosis. 

STYM'MATA,  from  orvfuia,  'that  which 
constricts  or  thickens.'  The  most  solid  oint- 
ments. Also,  the  ingredients  proper  for  in- 
creasing their  consistence. 

STYFSIS,  Astriction,  Constipation. 

STYPTERIA,  Alumen. 

STYPTIC,  EATON'S.  A  name  first  given 
to  Hclvetius's  Styptic,  when  introduced  into 
Great  Britain.  It  is  now  usually  made  of  cal- 
cined green  vitriol,  J5J;  proof  spirit,  tinged  with 
a  little  oak  bark,  Oij. 

Styptic,  Helvetius's,  see  Ferrum  tartari- 
zatum. 

Styptics,  Contrahen'tia,  Constricfi'va  Medi- 
camen'ta,  Constringen'tia,  Anastal'tica,  from 
xsTv<pu>,  'I  constringe.'  Sometimes  used  syno- 
nymously with  astringent,  (q.  v.;)  generally 
applied  to  a  substance  employed  to  arrest  he- 
morrhage;— Ena'mon.  A  mechanical  styptic  is 
one  that  arrests  the  flow  of  blood,  by  being  ap- 
plied immediately  to  the  mouth  of  the  bleeding 
vessel,  or  by  inducing  a  coagulum,  mechanically, 
in  the  vessel.  A  chymical  styptic  is  one  which 
coagulates,  chymically,  the  blood  around  a  bleed- 
ing orifice. 

STYRAC'TNUM  O'LEUM.  Oil  obtained  by 
boiling  storax  in  good  olive  oil. 

STYRAX,  from  axvnu%,  'a  reed,'  in  which  it 
was  preserved.  A  resin  obtained  from  the  Sty- 
rax  officinale,  and  S.  calami'ta.  It  is  the  solid 
storax; — officinal  storax.  There  are  two  kinds 
of  storax  met  with:  1.  The  Red  Storax,  Gum 
Storax,  Thus  Judceo'rum,  Styrax  rubra,  Styra'cis 
bal'samum,  Baharnum  styracis  officinalis,  which 
is  obtained  by  incision  from  the  Styrax  offici- 
nale", and,  perhaps,  from  the  Liquidam'bar  ori- 
enta'lis.  The  purest  is  in  tears;  but  it  has  lost 
some  of  its  smell  in  drying.  2.  Common  Storax, 
Styrax  calami'ta.  That  which  has  been  received 
in  reeds  or  vessels,  and  has  had  saw-dust  added 
immediately  to  thicken  it.  The  odour  of  storax 
is  fragrant:  the  taste  aromatic.  It  is  considered, 
like  the  other  balsams,  to  be  stimulant  and  ex- 
pectorant, but  is  rarely  used  long. 

Pu'rified  Storax,  S.  cola'ta,  S.  purifica'ta,  is 
prepared  by  dissolving  storax  in  alcohol;  strain- 
ing the  solution;  then  distilling  off  the  alcohol 
with  a  gentle  heat,  until  the  storax  acquires  the 
proper  consistence.— Ph.  U.  S.     Dose,  gr.  x  to 

Styrax  Alba,  see  Myroxylon  Peruiferum— 
s.  Benzoin,  see  Benjamin— s.  Liquida,  Liquid- 
ambar  styraciflua. 

SUB.  A  common  Latin  prefix,  signifying 
'beneath.' 

SUBAC'TIO,  Chiro'sis,  Cheirosis.    The  ope- 
ration of  making  plasters,  extracts,  &c.  with 
the  hand,  or  with  the  pestle  and  mortar. 
46 


SUBAGITATRIX,  Tribade. 

SUB-ATLOiDEUS,  /nfra-atloideus,  (F.) 
Sous-atlo'idien.  That  which  is  situate  beneath 
the  atlas  or  first  cervical  vertebra.  Chaussier 
has  given  this  name  to  the  second  pair  of  cer- 
vical nerves.^ 

SUB-AXOIDEUS,  lnfra-axdideus,  (F.)  Sous- 
axoidien.  That  which  is  below  the  axis  or  ver- 
tebra dentata.  Chaussier  has  given  this  name 
to  the  third  pair  of  cervical  nerves. 

SUBBORAS  NATRICUM,  Borax. 

SUBCART1LAGINEUM,  Hypochondre. 

SUBCLAVIAN,  Subcla'vius,  from  sub,  <  un- 
der,' and  clavis,  'the  clavicle.'  That  which  is 
under  the  clavicle. 

Subclavian  Arteries,  (F.)  Arthres  sous- 
clavieres,  are  situate  at  the  upper  part  of  the 
chest,  and  the  lateral  and  lower  parts  of  the 
neck.  The  right  arises  at  the  corresponding 
side  of  the  trachea,  and  comes  off  from  the 
arteria  innominata  or  brachio-cephalic  trunk. 
The  left  leaves  the  aorta  at  the  end  of  the  tirch. 
Both  extend  as  far  as  the  superior  surface  of 
the  first  rib,  in  the  space  between  the  scaleni 
muscles,  beyond  which  they  take  the  name 
axillary  arteries.  The  subclavian  arteries  run, 
for  some  distance,  without  sending  off  anv 
branch.  In  the  neighbourhood  of  the  first  rib, 
however,  they  give  off,  1.  Upwards,  the  verte- 
bral and  inferior  thyroideul.  2.  Downwards,  the 
internal  mammary,  and  superior  intercostal.  3. 
Outwards,  the  transverse  cervical  or  posterior 
scapular,  the  superior  scapular,  and  the  posterior 
cervical  or  profunda. 

Subclavian  or  Subclavius  Muscle,  Sub- 
clavia'nus,  Costo-claviculaire  (Ch.,)  (F.)  Sous- 
clavier,  is  situate  at  the  superior  and  anterior 
part  of  the  chest.  It  is  attached,  by  its  inner 
extremity,  to  the  superior  surface  of  the  carti- 
lage of  the  first  rib;  and  by  its  superior  margin 
and  outer  extremity  to  the  inferior  surface  of  the 
clavicle.  This  muscle  depresses  the  clavicle, 
and  carries  it  forward.  When  the  shoulder  is 
fixed,  it  can  raise  the  first  rib. 

Subclavian  Veins,  (F.)  Veines  sous-clavieres, 
are  continuations  of  the  axillary, and  extend  from 
the  inferior  extremity  of  the  scalenus  anticus,  in 
front  of  which  they  pass,  to  the  vena  cava  supe- 
rior, which  they  form  by  their  union.  The  right 
subclavian  vein  is  very  short:  the  left,  longer 
and  broader.  These  veins  receive  the  mouths 
of  the  internal  and  external  jugulars,  vertebral, 
and  superior  intercostal.  The  left  subclavian 
receives  two  veins  more  than  the  right, — the 
left  internal  mammary  and  left  inferior  thyroid. 
The  thoracic  duct  opens  into  the  left  subcla- 
vian:— the  corresponding  great  lymphatic  ves- 
sel into  the  right. 

SUBCLAVIUS,  Subclavian  muscle. 

SUBCRUEN'TUS,  'somewhat  bloody;'  from 
sub,  and  cruentus,  '  bloody,'  Hyphae'mos.  That 
which  has  the  colour  and  nature  of  blood.  An 
epithet  given  to  certain  excreted  substances, 
which  are  mixed  with  blood,  or  have  the  ap- 
pearance of  blood. 

SUBCRUR^El,  see  Crurseus. 

SUBCUTANEOUS,  Subcuta'neus,  from  sub, 
'under,'  and  cutis,  'the  skin,'  Intercuta' neus , 
(F.)  Sous-cutan6.  That  which  is  placed  imme- 
diately under  the  skin. 

SUBDELIRIUM,  Typhomania. 

SUB'DITA,  Subditi"tia,  from  subdere,  'to 
put  under,'  Pros'thcta.    Medicines  introduced 


SUBDITITIA 


714 


SUBORBITAL  &c. 


into  some  one  of  the  natural  apertures; — as 
suppositories,  pessaries,  &c. 

SUBDITITIA,  Subdita. 

SUBDUCTIO,  Dejection. 

SUBER,  Cork:  —  the  bark  of  the  Quercus 
Suber  or  Cork  Tree,  (F.)  Lieae.  Family,  Amen- 
taceae.  Sex.  Syst.  Monoecia  Polyandria.  Cork, 
when  burnt,  is  applied  as  a  mechanical  styptic 
to  bleeding  piles,  &c.  Surgeons  use  it  for 
making  tents;  and  it  has  been  recommended 
to  be  worn  as  an  amulet  to  suppress  the  secre- 
tion of  milk. 

SUBFRONTA'LIS  SUTU'RA.  A  suture, 
resulting  from  the  articulation  of  the  os  frontis 
with  the  nasal  process  of  the  superior  maxil- 
lary bone,  and  the  proper  bones  of  the  nose. 

SUBGROKDATIOK.  Depression. 

SUBHUMERATIO.  Catomismos. 

SUBINFLAMMA'TION,  Subinflamma'tio, 
from  sub,  '  under,'  and  inflamnuitio.  Inflam- 
matiun'cula,  Hypophlegma'sia.  A  mild  degree 
of  inflammation,  so  slight  as  hardly  to  deserve 
the  name  inflammation.  Broussais  understood 
by  the  term,  an  augmentation  in  the  vital  phe- 
nomena of  the  vessels  that  convey  white  blood. 
Lymphatic  engorgements,  scrofula,  herpes,  and 
cancer  he  considered  subinflammations. 

SUBINTRANTES  FEBRES,  from  sub,  'un- 
der,' and  intrare,  '  to  enter.'  Communican' tes 
febres.  Fevers  primarily  intermittent,  whose 
paroxysms  approximate,  so  that  one  paroxysm 
begins  before  that  which  preceded  it  has  gone 
through  its  stages. — L.  Bellini. 

SUTiJEE,  see  Gungah. 

SULsLIM  AMENTUM,  Ensorema. 

SUBLIMATE,  CORROSIVE,  Hydrargyri 
oxymurias. 

SUBLIMATION,  Sublima'tio,  Mctcoris' mus , 
Hyp  so1 sis,  &c;  from  sublimo,  'I  raise  up.'  An 
operation  by  which  dry  and  solid  matters  are 
volatilized  and  condensed  at  the  upper  part  of 
a  subliming  apparatus.  The  oxymuriate  of 
mercury,  sal  ammoniac,  &c.  are  commonly  ob- 
tained by  sublimation.  The  product  of  subli- 
mation is  a  Sub'limate,  Sublima'tum,  (F.)  Sublime'. 

SUBLIMATUS  CORROSIVUS,  Hydrargyri 
ozymurias. 

SUBLIME,  Sublimis. 

SUBLIMJi,  Sublimate— 5.  Corrosif,  Hydrar- 
gyri oxymurias. 

SUBLI'MIS,  (F.)  Sublime,  'high,  elevated, 
superficial.'  Anatomists  have  given  the  name 
sublimis  to  certain  muscles,  which  are  situate 
more  superficially  than  their  kindred  muscles. 
These  last  they  have  called  profundi.  Of  the 
former,  the  flexor  sublimis  digitorum  is  an  ex- 
ample. 

The  French  use  the  term  'respiration  sublime' 
for  the  respiration  which  is  accompanied  by 
considerable  elevation  of  the  ribs,  and  with  se- 
paration of  the  aire  nasi  at  the  time  of  inspira- 
tion. 

SUBLINGUAL,  Sublingualis,  (F.)  Souslin- 
glial,  from  sub,  '  under,'  and  lingua,  '  the 
tongue.'  That  which  is  seated  under  the 
tongue. 

Sublingual  Artery,  with  some,  is  the  Lin- 
gual, (q.v.)  With  others,  it  is  a  branch  given 
off  by  the  lingual  opposite  the  genio-glossus 
muscle,  which  is  distributed  particularly  to  the 
iublingual  gland,  to  the  mylo-hyoid.and  genio- 
glossus,  muscles,  &c. 

Subungual  Glahd,  Glan'dula  sublingualis, 


G.  Bartholinia'na,  G.  Rivinia'na,  is  seated  in 
the  substance  of  the  inferior  paries  of  the 
mouth,  beneath  the  anterior  part  of  the  tongue. 
It  is  smaller  than  the  submaxillary,  of  which  it 
frequently  seems  to  be  only  a  prolongation.  It 
is  oblong,  flattened,  amygdaloid,  and  is  covered 
by  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  mouth,  beneath 
which  it  projects.  This  gland  has  10  or  12  ex- 
cretory ducts — Ductus  Rivinia'ni  seu  Wallheria'- 
ni — some  of  which  open  beneath  the  fra?num 
linguse,  joining  Wharton's  duct,  whilst  others 
pierce  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  mouth  se- 
parately. It  has  the  same  structure  as  the  pa- 
rotid. 

SUBLUX ATIO,  Sprain. 

SUBMAXILLARY,  Submaxilla'ris,  (F.)  Sous- 
maxillairc,  from  sub,  '  under,'  and  maxilla, 
'the  jaw.'  That  which  is  seated  beneath  the 
jaw. 

Submaxillary  Ganglion  is  a  small  nervous 
ganglion,  situate  opposite  the  gland.  It  seems 
to  be  formed  by  the  superior  branch  of  the 
Vidian  nerve,  and  communicates  with  the  lin- 
gual nerve  of  the  inferior  maxillary.  Its  fila- 
ments form  a  plexus  which  penetrates  the  sub- 
maxillary gland. 

Submaxillary  Gland,  Maxillary  Gland,  Hy- 
pognnth'udtn,  is  a  salivary  gland,  less  than  the 
parotid,  seated  at  the  inner  side  of  the  ramus 
and  body  of  the  inferior  maxillary  bone,  in  the 
triangular  space  between  the  two  bellies  of  the 
dig.stricus.  Irregularly  ovoid,  and  flattened  on 
three  surfaces,  it  has  the  same  asppct  and  orga- 
nization as  the  other  salivary  glands.  Its  ex- 
cretory duct  is  called  Wharton's  Duct,  and  ter- 
minates at  the  side  of  the  framum  linguae,  by  a 
very  small  orifice.  It  is  also  called  Ductus  in- 
ferior. 

SUBMENTAL,  Submentals,  (F.)  Sous-men- 
tal, from  sub,  'under,'  and  rnentum,  'the  chin.' 

Submental  Artery  is  furnished  by  the 
facial,  near  the  base  of  the  jaw.  It  passes  for- 
wards along  the  attachment  of  the  inylo-hyoi- 
deus,to  which  it  furnishes  branches,  that  cross 
it,  to  anastomose  with  those  of  the  sublingual. 
Near  the  median  line  it  bifurcates,  to  be  distri- 
buted to  the  chin  and  muscles  of  the  infra-hyoid 
region. 

Submental  Vein,  which  accompanies  the 
arterv.  opens  into  the  labial. 

SUBMER'SION,  Submer'sio,  from  sub,  '  un- 
der,' and  mtrgere,  mersum,  'to  plunge.'  The 
act  of  plunging,  or  being  entirely  plunged,  in 
a  liquid.  Asphyx'ia  by  submersion  or  drowning, 
Asphyxia  Immer'sorum,  is  not  owing  to  a  cer- 
tain quantity  of  liquid  being  intioduced  into 
the  alimentaiy  or  air-passages:  but  simply  to 
the  interception  of  air,  and  of  the  respiratory 
phenomena.  It  is  a  case  of  suffocation,  the 
signs  of  which,  on  dissection,  are  equivocal, 
without  circumstantial  evidence. 

SUBMISSIO,  Remission— s.  Cordis,  Systole. 

SUBMURIAS  AMMONIACO-HYDRAR- 
GYRICUS,  Hydrargyrum  prscipitatum. 

SUBOR'BITAR,  Infra-orbitar,  Infra-orbita'- 
lis,  lnfra-orbita'rius,  (F.)  Sous-orbitaire,  from 
sub,  'under,'  and  orbita,  'the  orbit.'  That 
which  is  seated  beneath  the  orbitar  cavity. 

Suborbitau  or  Infra-orbitar  Artery  pro- 
ceeds from  the  internal  maxillary,  from  which 
it  separates  near  the  anterior  and  superior  part 
of  the  zygomatic  fossa.  It'  enters  the  infra- 
orbitar  canal,  and  passes   through   it,  giving 


SUBORBITAL  &c. 


715 


SUCCOLATA 


branches  to  the  anterior  and  superior  dental 
canal;  issues  by  the  foramen  infraorbitarium; 
and  divides,  in  the  fossa  canin?.,  into  a  number 
of  branches,  which  lose  themselves  in  the 
neighbouring  parts.  The  infraorbital  vein 
follows  the  same  course. 

Sl'BORRITAR    or    Inf  RA-ORBIT  A  R    CaNAL,    (F.) 

Canal  ou  Conduit  sous-orbituire,  is  a  small 
canal,  which  runs  obliquely  through  the  sub- 
stance of  the  inferior  paries  of  the  orbit.  It 
begins,  behind,  by  a  simple  gutter,  and  divides, 
anteriorly,  into  two  branches; — one  of  which 
descends  into  the  anterior  paries  of  the  maxil- 
lary sinus,  whilst  the  other  passes  out,  in  the 
canine  fossa,  by  an  orifice,  called  Foramen  in- 
fra-orbitarium,  (F.)  Trou  sous-orbit  a  ire.  The 
infra-orbilar  artery  and  nerve  pass  along  it. 

Suborbitar  or  Infr a-orb it ar  Nerves  seem 
to  terminate  the  superior  maxillary.  They 
issue  from  the  infra-orbitar  canal  by  the  fora- 
men of  the  same  name,  and  spread  out  in  a 
radiated  manner  in  the  fossa  canina,  to  divide 
into  superior  or  palpebral  filaments,  inferior  or 
labial,  internal  or  nasal,  and  external  or  buccal. 
SUBPOPLIT.cE US,  Poplilaeus  muscle. 
SUBPUBIO-FEMORALIS,  Abductor  bre- 
vis — s.  Prostaticus,  Compressor  prostata;. 

SUBSCAPULAR,  Subscapula'ris,  (F.)  Sous- 
scapulaire,  from  sub,  'under,'  and  scap'ula,  'the 
shoulder-blade.'  Sous-scapulotrochinien.  That 
which  is  beneath  the  scapula. 

Subscapular  Fossa,  Fossa  Subscapularis.  A 
considerable  excavation  at  the  anterior  surface 
or  venter  of  the  scapula,  in  which  the  subsca- 
pularis is  seated. 

Subscapular  Muscle,  Subscapularis  Muscle, 
Immcr'sus,  Infra-scapula' ris,  Sous -scapulo -tr oclii- 
nitn,  (Ch.,)  Porte-feuille,  (F.)  Muscle  sous-scapu- 
laire.  A  muscle  situate  in  the  preceding  fossa. 
It  is  flat,  broad,  and  triangular;  is  attached,  by 
its  base,  to  the  subscapulary  fossa,  and  to  the 
anterior  lip  of  the  edge  of  the  spine  of  the  sca- 
pula, and  is  inserted  into  the  lesser  tuberosity 
of  the  humerus.  It  carries  the  arm  in  rotation 
inwards.  It  can,  also,  depress  it,  and  bring  it 
towards  the  body. 
SUBSLDENTIA,  Sediment. 
SUBSTANCE,  HYALINE,  Cytoblastema— 
S.  Intercellular,  Cytoblastema. 

SUBSTANTIA  ADAMANTINA  DENTIUM, 
Enamel — s.Hyalina,  Cytoblastema—  s.Ostoidea, 
see  Teeth— s.  Filamentosa  dentium,  Enamel— 
s.  Ossea  dentium,  see  Tooth. 

Substantia  Perfora'ta  Me'dia.  When  the 
pia  mater  has  been  removed  from  the  space 
between  the  crura  cerebri,  termed  the  inter- 
crural  or  interpeduncular,  the  surface  appears 
cribriform  from  the  perforations  of  the  nume- 
rous minute  vessels  which  penetrate  it.  This 
is  the  substantia  perforata  media  of  Vicq  d'Azyr. 
Substantia  Rhomboidea,  Corpus  dentatum 
— s.  Spongiosa  Urethra;,  Corpus  spongiosum 
urethra— s.  Vitrea  dentium,  Enamel  of  the 
teeth— s.  Vitrea,  Cvtoblastema. 

SUB'STANTIVE,  Substanh'vus  ,■  from  sub- 
stare,  (sub  and  stare,)  '  to  stand  under  or  sub- 
sist.' An  epithet  applied  by  Dr.  Paris  to  ali- 
ments which  are  nutritious,  in  contradistinc- 
tion to  adjective  aliments,  which  are  themselves 
not  possessed  of  nutritive  virtues,  but  impart  to 
the  dio-eslive  organs  greater  energy,  so  as  to 
enable  them  to  extract  more  nutriment  from  the 
substantive  aliments.     Meat,  for  example,  is  a 


substantive  aliment;  the  condiment, as  mustard, 
eaten  with  it.  an  adjective  aliment. 
SUBSTILLUM.  Stillicidium. 
SUBSULTIO.  Palpitation. 
SUBSULTUS   TEN'DINUM,  Clonus  sub- 
svltus,    Subsultus,     Carpholng"ia    spasmod'ica, 
Mijopafmus,   Twitching   of  the    Tendons,   (F.) 
Soubresaut,  from  subsilire,  subsultum,  (sub  and 
salire,)  'to  make  short  leaps.'     Twitching, com- 
municated to  the  tendons  by  the   involuntary 
and  instantaneous  contraction  of  the  muscular 
fibres.     It  is  more  observable  at  the  wrist  than 
elsewhere;  and  is  an  evidence  of  great  cerebral 
irritability,  and  debility,  when  it  occurs  at  an 
advanced  period  of  fever. 

The   muscular  agitations  or  twitchings  ob- 
served irt  febrile  diseases,  especially  of  children, 
have   been    termed    Convulsibil'itus,  Scelotijrbe 
febri'lis,  and  Iiriiabilitas  morbo'sa. 
SUBSURDITAS.  Deafness. 
SUBU'BERES,  from  sub,  'under,'  and  vbera, 
'  the  breasts.'  Infantes  sugentes,  Sucking  children. 
Infants  at  the  breast,  in  contradistinction  to  the 
Exuberes,  anoyalaxioi,  or   those   which    have 
been  weaned. 
SUBVOLA,  Hypothenar. 
SUC,  Succus — s.  Gastrique,  Gastric  juice — s, 
Medullaire,  Marrow. 

SUCCA'GO,  from  succus,  'juice.'  The  in- 
spissated juice  of  plants — robs,  jellies,  &c. 

SUCCEDA'NEUM,  Substitu'lum,  Antembal- 
lom'enos,  Quid  pro  quo,  from  succedere,  (sub  and 
ccdere,)  'to  go  under,  to  come  in  place  of  ano- 
ther.' An  epithet  for  medicines  that  may  be 
substituted  for  others  possessing  similar  pro- 
perties. 

SUCCHAR,  Saccharum. 
SUCCLY,  Suecinum. 
SUCCINI  RESIN  A,  Musk,  artificial. 
SUCCINIC  ACID,  Acf'idum  Suc'cini,  A.  Sue- 
cin'icum,  Acor  succineus,  Sal  Succini,  Sal  volat- 
ile Succini,  has  been  considered  antispasmodic 
and   diaphoretic,  in   the   dose  of  from  five   to 
twenty  grains. 

SUCCINUM,  Elec'lrum,  Ambra,  Ambram, 
Ampar,  Bereni'ce,  Amber,  Yellow  Amber ,  (F.) 
Succin,  Ambre  jaune.  This  substance,  which  is 
found  on  the  shores  of  the  Baltic,  is  composed 
of  a  resinous  matter,  of  essential  oil,  and  an 
acid,  sui  generis.  It  is  inodorous,  except  when 
heated  or  rubbed.  It  is  insipid;  in  fragments 
of  a  pale  golden  yellow  colour;  transparent, 
and  has  a  shining  lustre.  S.  G.  1-08 :  insoluble 
in  water,  and  slightly  acted  on  by  alcohol.  It 
is  used  for  affording  its  essential  oil — the  Oleum 
or  Balsamum  Succini.  This  oil  possesses  stimu- 
lant, antispasmodic,  diuretic,  and  rubefacient 
properties,  (F.)  Huile  de  Succin. 

The  O'ieum  Suc'cini  rectifica' turn.  Rectified  Oil 
of  Amber,  is  made  as  follows: — Oil  of  Amber, 
Oj,  water,  Ovj.  Mix  in  a  glass  retort,  and  dis- 
til until  Oiv  of  the  water  have  passed  with  the 
oil  into  the  receiver;  separate  the  oil  from  the 
water,  and  keep  it  in  well  stopped  bottles. 
(Ph.  U.  S.) 

The  white  amber,  Leucelec'trum,  (F.)  Ambre 
blanc,  is  a  variety. 

Succinum  Cinereum,  Ambergris — s.  Grise- 
um,  Ambergris. 

SUCCIOjV,  Sucking. 
SUCCISA,  Scabiosa  succisa. 
SUCCOLATA,  Chocolate. 


SUCCORY,  WILD 


716 


SUFFOCATION 


SUCCORY,  WILD,  Cichorium  intybus,  Chi- 
ronia  annularis. 

SUC'CUBUS,  from  sub,  and  cnbarS,  'to  lie.' 
Some  authors  have  used  this  word  synony- 
mously with  nightmare.  Others  mean  by  it 
a  female  phantom,  with  which  a  man  in  his 
sleep  sometimes  believes  he  has  intercourse; 
— as  Incubus,  (q.  v.)  has  been  applied  to  the 
male  phantom,  with  which  a  female  may  dream 
she  is  similarly  situate. 

SUCCUS,  Chylus,  Juice,  (F.-)  Sue.  The  fluid 
obtained  by  pressing  plants,  flesh,  &c.  It  is 
also  applied  to  certain  animal  fluids,  as  <S.  Gas- 
tricus,  &c. 

Succus  Acacia  Germanics  Inspissatus, 
see  Prunus  spinosa — s.  Acacia?  nostratis,  see 
Prunus  spinosa— s.Cicutse  spissatus,Extractum 
conii — s.  Cyrenaicus,  Laserpitium. 

Succus  Enter'icus,  S.  inicstina'lis,  Intestinal 
Juice.  The  fluid  secreted  from  the  lining  mem- 
brane of  the  small  intestines. 

Succus  Gastricus,  Gastric  juice — s.  Intes- 
tinalis,  Succus  entericus — s.  Japonicus,  Cate- 
chu— s.  Nerveus,  Nervous  fluid — s.  Nutritius, 
Chyle — s.  Spissatus  aconiti  napelli,  Extractum 
aconiti — s.  Spissatus  atropse  belladonna?,  Extrac- 
tum  belladonnas— s.  Spissatus  conii  maculati, 
Extractum  cicutce — s.  Spissatus  hyoscyami  ni- 
gri,  Extractum  hyoscyami — s.  Spissatus  lactu- 
Cffi  sativae,  Extractum  lactucre. 

SUCCUS'cSlON,  Hippocrat'ic  Succus' sion,Suc- 
cus'sio,  from  succutio,  (sub  and  cjuatio,)  'I  shake 
from  beneath.'  A  mode  of  ascertaining  the  ex- 
istence of  a  fluid  in  the  thorax,  by  giving  the 
body  one  or  more  slight  shakes. 

Succussion,  BalloUement. 

SUCHOR,  Saccharum. 

SUCKING,  Suc'tio,  Suctus,  Atheh'is,  Bdalsis, 
Myze'sis,  (F.)  Succion,-  from  sugere,  suctum,  'to 
suck.'  The  act  of  drawing  liquid  into  the 
mouth,  by  forming  a  vacuum  with  the  tongue 
actinor  as  a  piston,  during  inspiration. 

To  SUCKLE.  Lactare,yalaxToTQO(fiiv,ri$ri- 
(pvtiv,  (F.)  Allaiter  ou  Alaiier.  To  give  suck. 
To  nurse. 

SUCKLING,  Lactation. 

SUCRE,  Saccharum — 5.  Candi,  Saccharum 
candidum — s.  de  Lait,  Sugar  of  milk — s.  de  Sa- 
turne,  Plumbi  superacetas. 

SUCTIO,  Exsuctio,  Sucking. 

SUCTION  POWER  is  the  force  exerted  on- 
the  blood  in  the  veins,  by  the  active  dilatation 
of  the  heart.    See  Derivation. 

SUCTUS,  Suckinff. 

SUDAM'INA,  ~Hydro'a,  Hidro'a,  Suffer- 
su'ras,  from  sudor,  'sweat;'  Boa.  Small  vesi- 
cles, which  appear  upon  the  skin,  especially  in 
the  summer  time,  in  hot  countries,  and  in  dis- 
eases attended  with  much  sweating.  It  is  a 
miliary  eruption.     See  Miliary  fever. 

Sudamina,  Desudatio,  Echauboulures,  Lichen 
tropicus. 

SUDARIUM,  Achicolum,  Vaporarium. 

SUDATIO.  Ephidrosis. 

SUDATORIA,  Ephidrosis— s.  Maligna,  see 
Sudor  Anglicus. 

SUDATORIUM,  Achicolum,  Vaporarium. 

SUDOR,  Hidros,  (F.)  Sueur,  'sweat.'  The 
product  of  cutaneous  transpiration,  when  visi- 
ble on  the  surface  of  the  body.  It  is  colourless; 
of  an  odour  more  or  less  strong  and  variable; 
and  of  a  saline  taste.  It  is  composed,  accord- 
ing to  Berzelius,  of  water,  lactic  acid,  lactate  of 


soda  united  with  a  little  animal  matter,  chlo- 
ride of  sodium,  and  a  little  chloride  of  potas- 
sium, an  atom  of  earthy  phosphate,  and  some 
oxyd  of  iron. 

Sudor  An'glicus,  Hidron'osos,  Hidropyr'- 
etos,  Febris  sudato'ria,  Morbus  sudatorius, 
Ephem'cra  malig'na,  E.  sudatoria,  E.  Britan'- 
nica,  Pestis  Britan' nica,  Sudato'ria  malig'na,  E. 
An'glica  pcs'tilms,  Sweating  Sickness,  Sweating 
fever,  (F.)  Suette,  Sueur  Anglaise.  A  very  severe 
epidemic  disease,  characterized  by  profuse  sweat- 
ing, which  appeared  in  England  in  1480;  and 
recurred,  at  different  times,  until  about  the 
middle  of  the  Kith  century.  It  was  accompa- 
nied with  coldness,  excessive  prostration  of 
strength,  palpitation,  frequency  and  inequality 
of  the  pulse,  &c.,and  terminated  favourably  or 
unfavourably  in  the  course  of  24  hours.  The 
French  have  given  the  name  Suette  de  Picar- 
die,  Suette  des  Picards,  Fievre  suante,  Miliaris 
sudatoria,  Sudor  Picard'icus,  to  an  epidemic  dis- 
ease, which  has  appeared  several  times  in  that 
province ;  the  principal  symptoms  of  which 
were,  profuse  sweats,  and  a  miliary  eruption. 
The  disease  recurred  in  1821,  and  ha3  been  de- 
scribed, at  length,  by  M.  Rayer,  who  considers 
it  to  consist  of  a  simultaneous  state  of  inflam- 
mation of  various  tissues;  and  proposes  to  class 
it  with  variola,  scarlatina,  and  measles. 

Sudor  Cruen'tus,  S.  sanguin'eus,  Hsemati- 
dro'sis,  Ephidro' sis  cruen'ta,  (F.)  Hcmatidrose, 
Sueur  de  Sang.  Cutaneous  perspiration  inter- 
mixed with  blood.  A  very  uncommon  affec- 
tion. 

Sudor  Sanguineus,  Sudor  cruentus. 

SUDOR  IF'EROUS,  Sudorifer,  Hydroph'o- 
rus,  from  sudor,  'sweat,'  and  fero,  'I  carry.' 
That  which  carries  sweat,  as  the  sudoriferous 
ducts  or  glands,  &c.  &c. 

SUDORIFTC,  Sudor  if  icum,  Sudoriferum, 
Bidrot'icum,  from  sudor,  'sweat,'  and  facio,  'I 
make.'  A  medicine  which  provokes  sweating. 
See  Diaphoretic. 

Four  Sudorific  Woods,  Qualuor  ligna  su- 
dorifica,  were,  formerly,  guaiacum,  perfumed 
cherry,  sarsaparilla,  and  sassafras. 

SUDORIPAROUS,  see  Perspiration. 

SUET,  Sevum. 

SUETTE,  Sudor  Anglicus— s.  de  Picardie, 
Sudor  picardicus— s.  des  Picards,  Sudor  picar- 
dicus. 

SUEUR,  Sudor— s.  Anglaise,  Sudor  Anglicus 
— s.  d.  Expression,  Expression,  sweat  of — s.  de 
Sang,  Diapedesis,  Sudor  cruentus. 

SUFFERSUR^E,  Sudamina. 

S U  F  F 1 M  E  N'T  U  M,  Hypocapnis'ma,  Suffi'- 
men,  Thymia'ma,  SuJJi'tus,  Suffinniga'tio,  (F.) 
Parfum.     A  perfume.     A  fumigation,  (q.  v.) 

SUFF1TUS,  Fumigation,  Suffimentum. 

SUFFOCATIO,  Orthopncea— s.  Hysterica, 
Hysteria,  Strangulation,  uterine — s.  Stridula, 
Cynanche  trachealis — s.  Uterina,  Hysteria, 
Strangulation,  uterine. 

S  UF  F  O  C  AT  I O  N,  Suffoca'tio,  Prsefoca'tio, 
Apopnix'is,  Asphyz'ia,  (q.  v.)  from  sub,  'under,' 
and  faux, '  the  throat.'  (?)  Death,  or  suspended 
animation  from  impeded  respiration,  whether 
caused  by  the  inhalation  of  noxious  gases, 
drowning,  hanging,  strangling,  or  smothering. 
The  principal  morbid  appearances  in  such  cases 
are: — the  lungs  of  a  deep-blue  colour,  with  the 
blood  extravasated  in  the  air-cells;  right  auri- 
cle and  ventricle  filled  with  dark  blood,  as  well 


SUFFOCATION 


717 


SULPHURIC  ACID 


as  the  neighbouring  veins;  lividity  of  the  coun- 
tenance, lurgescence,  and,  perhaps,  rupture  of 
the  vessels  of  the  brain. 

Treatment  of  suspended  animation  by  suffoca- 
tion in  general.  The  patient  must  be  conveyed 
into  a  room  not  too  warm.  Blood-letting 
must  be  used,  if  at  all,  with  caution: — friction 
must  be  employed  with  salt  or  warm  flannels : 
stimulating  fluids,  in  a  dilute  state,  be  poured 
into  the  stomach  by  means  of  a  tube,  and  at- 
tempts be  made  to  inflate  the  lungs.  Laryn- 
gotomy,  if  necessary. 

Suffocation,  Pnigopho'bia,  (F.)  Elouffement, 
is  used  for  threatened  suffocation,  as  strangling 
is.  It  means  the  state  of  dyspnoea  and  oppres- 
sion experienced  when  a  sufficient  quantity  of 
air  does  not  enter  the  lungs,  or  when  the  che- 
mical phenomena  of  respiration  are  imperfectly 
executed; — as  in  cases  of  astlima. 

SUFFOCATION  UTERINE,  Hysteria. 

SUFFUMIGATION,  Suffimentum. 

SUFFUSIO,  Pseudoblepsia — s.  Auriginosa, 
Icterus — s.  Multiplicans,  see  Diplopia — s.  Ocu- 
li,  Cataract — s.  Oculorum,  Metamorphopsia. 

SUGAR,  Saccharum — s.  Barley,  Penidium 
— s.  Candy,  Saccharum  candidum — s.  Cane, 
see  Saccharum — s.  of  Lead,  Plumbi  supera- 
cetas — s.  Pine,  see  Arrowroot. 

Sugar  of  Milk,  Saccharum  lactis,  Galac'to- 
sae'eharum,  (F.)  Sucre  de  Lait,  is  obtained  from 
whey  by  evaporation  and  crystallization.  It 
possesses  the  demulcent  properties  of  the 
sugars. 

Sugars,  Various,  see  Saccharum. 

SUGGILLA'TION.  A  bruise,  from  sugillare, 
'to  give  a  black  eye.'  By  most  authors  used 
synonymously  with  Ecchymosis  and  Ecchy- 
rnoma,  (q.  v.)  It  is,  also,  applied  to  the  spots, 
or  ecchymoses  which  occur  in  consequence  of 
intrinsic  causes, —  in  disease  and  in  incipient 
putrefaction.  It  is  common  in  dead  bodies. 
To  this  last  case  it  is,  indeed,  restricted  by 
some  medico-legal  writers;  and  an  interesting 
question  sometimes  arises: — Whether  the  ap- 
pearance have  been  induced  before  death  or 
afterwards?  Whether  it  be  a  case  of  ecchymosis 
or  of  suurgillation?  In  the  former,  the  extrava- 
sated  blood  will  usually  be  coagulated;  not  so 
in  the  latter.  It  is  often,  however,  difficult  to 
form  a  correct  judgment  without  reference  to 
the  history  of  the  case. 

SV'ICIDE, Suicfdium:  from  sui  csedes, 'mur- 
der of  one's  self.'  The  act  of  killing  one's  self. 
Antochi'ria,  Avtoclon'ia,  ldiocton'ia.  Suicide  is. 
very  frequently,  the  result  of  disease  of  the 
mind;  the  individual  seeming,  at  times,  to  be 
irresistibly  impelled  to  self-destruction.  Me- 
lunrho'lia  Stiicid'ium. 

SUIE,  Fuligo. 

SU1F,  Sevum. 

SUITES  DE  COUCHES,  Lochia. 

SULCATUS,  Cunnelc,  Grooved. 

SULCUS.  A  furrow.  A  groove,  (q.  v.)  (F.) 
SiUon.  Anatomists  have  given  this  name  to 
grooves  on  the  surface  of  bones  and  other  or- 
gans. 

French  writers  on  anatomy  often  use  the 
term  SiUons  for  the  grooves  which  lodge  the 
arteries  and  creep  on  the  surface  of  bones; 
whilst  those  that  receive  veins  are  called  gout- 
(iires.  ' gutters.'     Also,  the  Vulva. 

Sulcus  Anteroposterior  Jecoris,  see  Liver 


— s.  Transversalis,  see  Liver— s.  Umbilicalis, 
see  Liver. 

SULFATE  D'AMMONIAQUE,  Ammonice 
sulphas. 

SULFIDUM  CARBONII,  Carbonis  sulphu- 
retum. 

SULFURE  DE  CARBON,  Carbonis  sulphu- 
retum. 

SULPHAS  AMMONIAC^  CUPRATUS, 
Cuprum  ammoniatum — s.  Cadmicus,  Cadmii 
Sulphas — s.  Kalico-aluminicum,  Alumen — s. 
JNatricus,  Soda,  sulphate  of— s.  Zincicum,  Zinci 
sulphas. 

SULPHUR,  Sulfur,  Scorilh,  Thei'on,  Thi'on, 
Averich,  Terra  folia' ta,  Fumus  cil'rinus,  Jlq'uila, 
Brimstone,  (F.)  Soufre.  The  Native  Sulphur  is 
called  Rock  Sulphur,  Sulphur  vivum,  &c.  Sul- 
phur, as  we  meet  with  it,  is  in  rolls,  Sulphur  in 
rot'ulis,  S.  rotun'dum,  Roll  Brimstone.  It  is  a 
volcanic  production,  and  is  obtained,  in  large 
quantities,  from  Solfatara  in  Italy.  Roll  Sul- 
phur is  impure  sulphur,  melted,  and  run  into 
moulds.  It  is  unpleasantly  odorous,  when 
heated  or  rubbed;  insipid;  solid,  and  brittle. 
S.  G.  1.99.  Fusible  at  226°;  volatilizable  by 
heat,  and  condensing  unchanged. 

Sulphur  Antimoniatum,  Antimonii  sulphu- 
retum  prascipitatum — s.  Carburet  of,  Carbonis 
sulphuretum — s.  Iodatum,  see  Iodine — s.  Iodide 
of,  see  Iodine — s.  Liver  of,  Potassaa  sulphuretum. 

Sulphur  Lotum,  Sulphur  sublima'tum  lotum, 
Washed  Sulphur,  Magistt'rium  Sulph'uris,  Sul- 
phuric Florcs  loti,  is  prepared  by  pouring  boil- 
ing water  on  sublimed  sulphur,  so  as  to  wash 
away  any  acid  it  may  contain,  and  then  dry- 
ing it. 

Sulphur  Pr^cipita'tum,  Lac  Sulph'uris, 
Milk  of  Sulphur,  Frccipita'tcd  Sulphur,  (F.) 
C?  erne  de  Soufre,is  prepared  by  boiling  sublimed 
sulphur  and  lime  together,  and  adding  muriatic 
acid  to  precipitate  the  sulphur. 

Sulphur  Sublima'tum,  Sulphur,  (Ph.  U.  S.) 
Sublimed  Sulphur  or  Flowers  of  Sulphur,  (F.) 
Soufre  sublime,  Fleurs  de  Soufre,  is  the  sulphur 
of  commerce,  sublimed  in  close  vessels. 

Sulphur  is  possessed  of  stimulant,  laxative, 
and  diaphoretic  properties.  As  a  laxative,  it  is 
used  in  hemorrhoidal  and  other  affections.  In 
the  itch,  applied  externally  and  taken  inter- 
nally, it  has  been  considered  as  a  specific  (?)  and 
it  is  a  valuable  remedy  in  most  cutaneous  affec- 
tions that  are  local.     Dose,  gss  to  ^ij. 

The  fasces  or  dregs,  left  in  the  purification  or 
sublimation  of  sulphur,  are  called  Horse  Brim- 
stone, Dregs  of  Sulphur  vivum,  Sulphur  caballi'- 
num,  S.  vivum,  Sulphur  is  vim  recremen'ta.  They 
are  very  impure,  and  are  used  only  externally . 

Sulphur  Vegetable, Lycopodium — s.  Wort, 
Peucedanum. 

SULPHURETUM  AMMONIAC^,  Ammo- 
niae  sulphuretum — s.  Ammonia?  hydrogenatum, 
Liquor  fumans  Boy  lii — s.  Kalicum,  Potassse sul- 
phuretum— s   LixiviaB,  Potassas  sulphuretum. 

SULPHURIC  ACID,  Ac"idum  SuIphu'rU 
cum  vel  Sulfuricum,  Oleum  Vitrio'li,  Spir'itus 
VitrioM,  S.  v.  fords,  Acidum  vitriol 'icum,  Oil.  of 
Vitriol,  Vitrwl'ic  Acid,  Acidum  Vitrioli  dephlo- 
gisticaftum,  Acor  Sulphur  is.  Sulphuric  acid  is 
inodorous;  has  a  strong  acid  taste,  and  is  cor- 
rosive. S  G.  1.845  (I'll.  U.  S.)  It  is  escharo- 
tic,  stimulant,  rubefacient.  Mixed  with  lard, 
it  is  sometimes  used  in  local  pains,  and  certain 
cutaneous  affections. 


SULPHURIC  ACID,  AROMATIC        718 


SUPERPURGATIO 


Sulphuric  Acid,  Aromatic,  Ac"idum  Sul- 
phu'ricum  Aromat'icum,  A.  vitriol'icum  aromat'- 
icum, A.  vitriolicum  ulcoho'ls  aromuticum,  Elixir 
vitrio'li,  E.  V.  aromaticum,  E.  vitrioli  Mynsick'ti, 
E.  vitrioli  Edinburgen'sium,  E,  vitrioli  cum  tinc- 
tu'ra  aromaticd,  E.  vitrioli  dulce~  seu  acido-aromat'- 
tcum,  Alcohol  cum  aromat'ibus  sulphurica'lus, 
Tinctu'ra  acidi  sulphuric!,,  is  formed  of  sulphuric 
ucid,  f.  ^iijsa;  ginger,  bruised,  ^j;  cinnamon, 
bruised,  giss;  Alcohol,  Oij  —  Ph.  U.  S.  Dose, 
glt-  x  to  xxx.     Ph.  L. 

Sulphuric  Acid, Diluted,  Ad'idum  Sulphu'- 
ricum  Dilu'lum,  Acidum  vitriol'icum  dilutum. 
Elixir  of  Vitriol,  Elixir  vitrio'li,  Spir'itus  vitrio'li 
ac"idus  Vogk'ri,  {¥.)  Acide  sulfur igue  delaye,  is 
formed,  according  to  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the 
United  States,  by  adding  aq.  destillat.  f.  _^xij  to 
acid,  sul  ph.  f.  3J.  It  is  tonic,  astringent,  and 
refrigerant.  Dose,  g"-  x  to  xx,  largely  diluted. 
When  used  as  a  gargle,  half  a  drachm  may  be 
added  to  gvj  of  water. 

Very  dilute  sulphuric  acid  was  formerly 
termed  Phlegma  vitrioli. 

SULPH'URIS  IO'DIDUM,  I'odide  of  Sulphur, 
see  Iodine.  It  is  thus  directed  to  be  prepared 
in  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  U.  S.  (1842.)  (lodin. 
Siv:  sulphur,  gj.)  Rub  the  iodine  and  sulphur 
together  in  a  gloss,  porcelain,  or  marble  mortar 
until  they  are  thoroughly  mixed.  Put  the  mix- 
ture into  a  matrass,  close  the  orifice  loosely,  and 
apply  a  gentle  heat,  so  as  to  darken  the  mass 
without  melting  it.  When  the  colour  has  be- 
come uniformly  dark  throughout,  increase  the 
heat  so  as  to  melt  the  iodide;  then  incline  the 
matrass  in  different  directions,  in  order  to  re- 
turn into  the  mass  any  portions  of  iodine  which 
may  have  condensed  on  the  inner  surface  of  the 
vessel:  lastly,  allow  the  matrass  to  cool,  break 
it,  and  put  the  iodide  into  bottles,  which  are  to 
be  well  stopped. 

SUL'PHU  ROUS  AC1 D,  Ac"idum  sulphuros'- 
icum,  A.sulph'uris  volat'Hs,A.  Sulphur 0' sum  vel 
Sulfurosum,  Spir'itus  sulphur  is,  Spiritus  su/phu- 
7-o'sus  voht'ilis,  Sp.  sulpkuris  per  campa'nam, 
Sp.  vitrio'li  phlogistica'tus,  Gas  sulphuris,  (F.) 
Acide  Sulfureux,  Air  Acide  Vitriolique.  Obtained 
by  treating  mercury  with  concentrated  sulphu- 
ric acid,  or  by  burning  sulphur.  It  is  some- 
times used  in  the  gaseous, — at  others,  in  the 
liquid  state.  Sulphurous  acid  gas  is  used  to 
disinfect  cloths,  confined  air,  letters  coming 
from  infected  places,  &c.  It  is  also  exhibited, 
with  great  success,  in  the  form  of  fumigation, 
in  the  treatment  of  certain  chronic  cutaneous 
affections,  and  of  sciatic  and  rheumatic  pains 
in  general.  If  respired  pure,  it  acts  in  the 
manner  of  violent  irritants;  and  is  not  long  in 
producing  death. 

SULTZMALT,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Sultzmalt  is  a  village  in  the  department  of  the 
Upper  Rhine;  where  are  several  sources  of  cold, 
acidulous  waters,  which  seem  to  contain  car- 
bonic acid,  subcarbonate  of  soda,  subcarbonate 
of  lime,  sulphate  of  lime,  and  a  little  bitumen. 
They  are  refrigerant,  aperient,  and  alterative. 

SUMAC  DES  CORROYEURS,  Rhus  coria- 
ria — s.  Venrneux,  Rhus  toxicodendron. 

SUMACH,  Rhus  coriaria. 

SUMEN,  Hypogastrium. 

SUMMER  COMPLAINT.  A  popular  name, 
in  the  United  States,  for  diarrhoea  occurring  in 
summer.  It  is  often,  also,  made  to  include  dy- 
sentery and  cholera  infantum. 


Summer  Diseases,  see  Estival — s.  Rash,  L:'» 
chen  tropicus. 

SUNBURN,  Ephelides— s.  Dew,Drooera  Ro- 
tundifolia — s.  Flower,  false,  Helenium  autum- 
nale — s.  Flower,  swamp,  Helenium  anlumnale 
— s.  Pain,  see  Hemicrania — s.  Rash,  Lichen — 
s.  Stroke,  Coup  de  soldi. 

SUNSTROKE,  EGYPTIAN,  Coup  de  soldi. 

SUPER.  A  commoA  Latin  prefix;  in  com- 
position, signifying  'above.' 

SUPERBUS.  Rectus  superior  oculi. 

SUPERCILIARIS,  Corrugator  supercilii. 

SUPERCIL'JARY,  Supercilia'ris,  from  super, 
'above,'  and  cilium,  'the  edge  of  the  eyelid.' 
That  which  relates  to  the  supercilia  or  eye- 
brows.    (F.)  Sourcilier  ou  Surcilier. 

Supercil'iarv  Arches  or  Ridges,  (F.)  Ar- 
cades sourcilieres,  are  two  slightly  projecting 
apophyses,  situate  at  the  anterior  surface  of  the 
os  frontis,  above  the  superior  margin  of  the  or- 
bits. They  are  separated  by  the  nasal  bosse, 
and  covered  by  the  superciliaris  muscle,  to 
which  they  give  attachment. 

Superciliary  Ridges,  Superciliary  arches. 

SUPERCIL'lUM,  Ophrys,  Vallum,  (F.)  Sour- 
cil.  Same  etymon.  The  eyebrows  are  two 
arched  eminences, —  convex  above,  and  more  or 
less  prominent,  according  to  the  individual, — 
which  lie  on  the  superciliary  arch  of  the  os 
frontis,  above  the  eyelids,  and  extend  from  the 
sides  of  the  root  of  the  nose  to  the  temple. 
Their  inner  extremity  or  head  is  more  promi- 
nent than  the  outer  or  tail.  The  eyebrows  are 
covered  with  short  and  stiff  hairs,  which  are 
directed,  obliquely,  from  within  outwards,  and 
are,  commonly,  of  the  colour  of  the  hair.  The 
skin  in  which  these  hairs  are  implanted,  rests 
on  the  orbicularis  palpebrarum,  frontalis,  and 
superciliaris  muscles,  which  move  the  eyebrow'3 
in  different  directions.  The  eyebrows  serve  as 
an  ornament  to  the  countenance;  and  by  cover- 
ing the  eye,  defend  it  from  the  impression  of 
too  strong  a  light.  They  direct  the  perspira- 
tion also  from  the  eye. 

Supercilium  Acetab'uli.  The  edge  of  the 
cotyloid  cavity  of  the  os  innominatum. 

SUPEREVACUATIO,  Hypercrisis. 

SUPERFECUNDATION,  Superfcetation. 

SUPERFCECUNDATIO,  Superfcetation. 

SUPERFCETATIO,  Superfcetation. 

SUPERFtETA'TJON,  Superfata'fio,  Super- 
fetu'tio,  Epicye'sis,  Superimprasgna'tio,  Epig'- 
onon,  Superfcccunda'tio,  Epicye'ma,  Superfec.ua- 
dation,  from  super,  '  upon,'  and  feature,  'to  bring 
forth  young.'  Conception  of  a  fcetus  in  a  uterus 
which  already  contains  one.  The  impregna- 
tion of  a  female  already  pregnant.  The  possi- 
bility of  this  has  been  denied;  but  there  is 
abundant  evidence  to  show,  that  it  is  possible 
at  a  very  early  period  of  pregnancy. 

SUPERGEMINALIS,  Epididymis. 

SUPERGENUALIS,  Patella. 

SUPERHUMERALE.  Epomis. 

SUPERIM  PR.EGNATIO,  Superfcetation. 

SUPERIOR  AURIS.Attollensaurem— s.Ro- 
tundus  clitoridis,  lschio-cavernous. 

SUPERLABIA,  Clitoris. 

SUPERNUTR1TIO  LIENIS,  Splenoncus— 
s.  Splenis,  Splenoncus. 

SUPEROXALAS  KALICUM,  Potass,  oxa- 
late of. 

SUPERPURGATIO,  Hypercatharsis. 


SUPERSCAPULARiS 


'19         SUPRA-SPINOSA  L1GAMENTA 


SUPERSCArULARIS,Supraspinatus— s.In- 
ferior,  lnfra-spinatus. 

SUPINATEUR  COURT  ou  PETIT,  Supi- 
nator radii  brevis — 5.  Grand  ou  long,  Supinator 
radii  longus. 

SUPIiN  A'TION,  Supinatio,  from  supinus, 
'lying  on  the  back.'  The  movement  in  which 
the  forearm  and  hand  are  carried  outwards,  so 
that  the  anterior  surface  of  the  latter  becomes 
superior . 

In  Pathology,  Supination,  Supinatio,  Hyptitis'- 
ma,  Hyplias'mus,  means  the  horizontal  position 
on  the  back,  with  the  head  thrown  back,  and 
the  logs  and  arms  extended.  It  is  often  a  sign 
of  great  weakness  in  disease. 

SUPINATOR.  Sameetymon.  That  which 
produces  »upination.  A  name  given  to  two 
muscles  of  the  forearm. 

Supinator  Bkevis  seu  Minor,  Supinator 
radii  brevis — s.  Longus  seu  major,  Supinator 
ladii  longus. 

Supinator  Radii  Brevis,  S.  brevis  seu  minor, 
Epicondyto-radial,  (Ch.J  (F.)  Supinuteur  covrt 
ou  petit  supinuteur.  A  muscle,  seated  at  the 
outer  and  back  part  of  the  forearm.  It  is  flat- 
tened, triangular,  and  curved  upon  itself,  in 
such  a  manner  that  it  embraces  the  superior 
extremity  of  the  radius.  It  is  attached,  on  the 
one  hand,  to  the  external  tuberosity  of  the  hu- 
merus, and  to  a  small  portion  of  the  posterior 
surface  of  the  ulna,  and  is  inserted  into  the 
upper  third  of  the  outer  and  upper  surfaces  of 
the  radius.  It  produces,  by  contracting,  the 
motion  of  supination. 

Sufinator  Radii  Longus,  <S.  longus  sive  ma- 
jor, Bra'chio-radia'Us,  Humero-sus-radial,  (Ch..) 
(F.)  Long  ou  grand  supinattur,  is  seated  at  the 
anterior  and  outer  part  of  the  forearm.  It  arises 
from  the  inferior  part  of  the  outer  edge  of  the 
os  humeri,  and  from  the  external  intermuscu- 
lar aponeurosis;  and  is  inserted,  by  a  long  ten- 
don, into  the  outer  edge  of  the  radius,  near  the 
base  of  the  styloid  process.  It  causes  the  supi- 
nation of  the  forearm,  which  it  can  likewise 
bend  on  the  arm. 

SUPPOSITION DE  PART,  Pregnancy,  pre- 
tended. _ 

SUPPOSITORIUM  UTERINUM,  Pessary. 
SUPPOSTTORY",  Supposito'rium,  Hypoth'- 
cton,  from  supponere,  (sub,  and  poncre,  'to 
put,')  'to  put  under.'  Any  solid  medicine,  in 
the  form  of  a  cone  or  cylinder,  intended  to 
be  introduced  into  the  rectum-,— either  for  the 
purpose  of  favouring  intestinal  evacuations, 
or  to  act  as  an  anodyne.  Purgative  supposito- 
ries are  made  of  soap,  aloes,  or  any  other  lrn- 
tatino-  substance. 

SUPPRESSIO  LOTH,  Ischuria.       m„rTrjr 
SUPPRESSION DU FLUX  MEKSTRUEL, 
Amenorrhea— s.  de  Part,   see  Parturition— s. 

a" Urine,  Ischuria. 

SUPPURANS,  Suppurative. 

SUPPURA'TION,  Ecpye'ma,  Puruhntm, 
Puo'sis,  Pyc'sis,  Diapye'rna,  Diapyesis,  (F.) 
Aboutissemcnt.  Formation  or  secretion  of  pus; 
(q.  v.  and  also  Pyogerua,)  from  sub,  'under, 
and  pus.  It  is  a  frequent  termination  of  inflam- 
ZSn,  and  may  occur  in  almost  all  the  tissues 
This  termination  is  announced  by  slight  chill,, 
hv  remission  of  the  pain,  which,  from  being 
Sncinating,  becomes  heavy;  by  a  sense  o 
weight  infne  part,  and,  when  the  collection  oi 
puVcan  be  easily  felt,  by  fluctuation.     When 


pus  is  thus  formed  in  the  cellular  membrane, 
and  is  collected  in  one  or  more  cavities,  it  con- 
stitutes an  abscess.  If  it  be  formed  from  a  sur- 
face exposed  to  the  air,  it  is  an  ulcer;  and  such 
ulcers  we  are  in  the  habit  of  establishing  artifi- 
cially in  certain  cases  of  disease. 

SUPPURATIVE,  Siippu'rans,  Suppurah- 
rrs,  Ditipyc'ticus,  Ecpijo'tiats,  Ecpyhcon'tus. 
That  which  facilitates  suppuration.  Suppura- 
tives  are,  generally,  vesicants  mixed  with  lard. 
SUPRA"  A  common  Latin  prefix:  in  com- 
position, signifying  'above.' 

SUPRA-COSTA'LES,  Levato'res  Costa'rum, 
(F.)  Sur-costaux,  from  supra,  'above,'  and  casta, 
'a  rib.'  A  name  given  to  twelve  small,  fleshv 
fasciculi,  which  are  flattened,  triangular,  and 
with  radiating  fibres.  They  pass  from  the  trans- 
verse  processes  of  the  dorsal  vertebra?  to  the  su- 
perior margin  of  the  rib  beneath.  Spigelms, 
Cowper,  Boyer,  Chaussier,  and  others  consider 
them  to  form  part  of  the  intercostales  externi. 

SUPRA-OR'BITAR,  Supra-orbita'lis,  Supra-^ 
orbita'rius,  (F.)  Sus-orbitaire,  from  supra, '  above, 
and  orbita,  'the  orbit.'  That  which  is  situate 
above  the  orbit. 

Supra  Ou'bitar  Foua'mf.n,  Foramen  Supra- 
orbita'rium,  F.  orbilarium  supe'rius,  (F.)  Trou- 
sus-orbitaire  ou  orbitaire  supdrieur,  is  a  foramen 
or  notch  completed  by  a  ligament  at  the  inner 
third  of  the  orbitar  arch.  It  gives  passage  to 
the  supra-orbilur  or  superciliary  artery,  a  branch 
of  the  ophthalmic,  which  ascends  the  forehead, 
and  is  distributed  thereto. 

SUPRA-PU'BIAN,  Supra-pubic,  Supra-pu- 
bia'nus,  from  supra,  and  pubes.  That  which  is 
seated  above  the  pubis. 

Supra-Pueian  Nerve,  (F.)Mrfsus-pubien,\s 
the  internal  ramus  of  the  inguino-cutaneous 
branch  of  the  first  lumbar  nerve.  It  is  the 
irenito-crural  branch  of  Bichat.  It  descends 
almost  vertically  before  the  psoas  muscle;  and, 
near  the  crural  arch,  divides  into  two  branches. 
One  of  these  accompanies  the  spermatic  cord, 
and  is  disttibuted  to  the  cremaster,  scrotum, 
and  integuments  on  the  inner  part  of  the  thigh, 
The  other  issues  from  the  pelvis  with  the  fe- 
moral filaments;  traverses  the  aponeurosis  of 
the  thi<rh,  and  is  distributed  to  the  integuments 
of  the  upper  and  anterior  part  of  the  limb. 

SUPRA-RENAL,  Supra-rena'lts,  {b .)  6wr- 
rcnal,  from  supra,  'above,'  and  ren,  '  the  kidney. 
Seated  above  the  kidney— as  capsule  suprare- 

"°SUqpRA-SCAPULARIS,  Supra-spinatus. 
SUPRA-SEM10RB1CULAR1S,  Orbicularis 


SUPRA-SPINA'TUS,  Supra-spino'sus,  (P.) 
Sur-epineux,  Sus-epineux,  from  supra,  and  spina. 
That  which  is  seated  above  the  spine. 

Supra-spinata,  Fossa,  (F.)  Fosse  sus-epmeuse, 
is  a  triangular  depression  above  the  spine  ot 
the  scapula.  ,  ,  . 

Supra-spinatus,  Muscle,  Super-scapula  ris, 
Sus-spino-scapulo-trochitdrien,  Supra-sea pulans, 
Petit  sus-scapulo-trocliitcricn,  (Ch.)  is  situate  in 
the  fossa  supra-spinata.  It  is  elongated,  thick, 
and  triangular,  and  is  attached,  on  the  one  hand, 
to  the  two  inner  thirds  of  the  fossa  supra-spi- 
nata; and  terminates,  on  the  other,  at  the  ante- 
rior |»art  of  the  great  tuberosity  of  the  humerus. 
This  muscle  raises  the  arm. 

Supra-spino'sa  Ligamen'ta,  Supra-svinal 
lig'aments,  are  two  in  number.     1.  The  Dorse- 


SVR 


720 


SUSPENSORY  LIGAMENT 


lumbar-supra-spinal  ligament,  (F.)  Ligament 
sur-dpineux  dorso-lombaire,  extending  above 
the  spinous  processes  of  the  dorsal  and  lumbar 
vertebrae,  from  the  7th  cervical  as  far  as  the 
median  crista  of  the  sacrum.  2.  Cereicalsu-pra- 
spinal  ligament,  (F.)  Ligament-sur-epineux  cer- 
vical, which  extends  above  all  the  cervical  spi- 
nous processes,  and  is  attached,  above,  to  the 
outer  occipital  protuberance. 

SVR,  Supra.  A  French  prefix,  signifying 
'above.' 

SURA.  The  calf  of  the  leg,  (F.)  Mollet,  Gras 
de  Jamie.  The  projection,  formed  at  the  poste- 
rior part  of  the  leg  by  the  gastrocnemii  mus- 
cles:  the  fibula,  (q.  v.) 

SURC1LIER,  Corrugator  3upercilii,  Super- 
ciliary. 

SURCOSTAUX,  Snpracostali3. 

SURDENT,  (F.)  svpra,  'above,'  and  dens,  'a 
tooth.'  When  a  rnilk  tooth  does  not  fall  out  at 
the  period  of  the  second  dentition,  but  is  merely 
forced  to  one  side  by  the  new  tooth,  it  is  called 
a  surdcnt. 

SURD1TAS,  Cophosis,  Deafness. 

SURD1TE,  Cophosis.  Deafness. 

SURDOMUTITAS,  Deaf-dumbness. 

SUREAU  COMMUN,  Sambucus. 

SVRELLE,  Oxalis  acetosella. 

SUREPIJYEUX,  Supraspinal. 

SVR-EXCITATWJY,  see  Excitement  and 
Super-excitation. 

SURFEIT,  Colica  crapulosa. 

SURGEON,  Cldrur'geon;  old  French,  Sur- 
gien,  Ckiro'naz,  Cliirvr'  gus,  Vul'nerum  med!  ■ 
icus,  Cheiria'ter,  CUiria'ter,  (F.)  Chiru/gien, 
from  ;fsio,  'the  hand,'  and  tQyor,  'work.'  One 
who  practises  surgery.  The  surgeon,  says 
Celsus,  ought  to  be  young,  or,  at  all  events, 
not  advanced  in  life.  His  hand  must  be  steady, 
expert,  and  never  tremulous:  he  must  use  the 
Tight  or  left  with  equal  facility  :  his  sight  must 
be  clear  and  penetrating:  his  mind  intrepid; 
and  although  unmoved  when  he  proceeds  to 
operate,  he  must  not  be  in  haste,  or  cut  less 
than  is  necessary,  but  finish  his  operation,  as  if 
the  cries  of  the  patient  made  no  impression 
upon  him. 

SURGEON-APOTITECARY.  One  who 
unites  the  practice  of  surgery  with  that  of  the 
apothecary.     A  general  practitioner. 

SURGEON-DENTIST,  Dentist. 

SUR'GERY,  Clurw'gia,  Chiriatn'a,  Ckeirix'- 
is,  Metacheirix'is,  Medici' na  operati'va,  Medici'- 
■na  ef'fxax,  (F.)  Chirurgie.  The  part  of  the 
healing  art  which  relates  to  external  diseases; 
their  treatment;  and,  especially,  to  the  manual 
operalions  adapted  for  their  cure. 

Surgery,  Anaplastic,  Mnrioplastice — s.  Au- 
toplastic, Morioplastice — s.  Dental,  Dentistry. 

Surgery,  Military,  (F.)  Cldrurgie  mil  it  aire, 
is  that  which  relates  to  the  operations  to  be  per- 
formed on  the  field  of  battle,  or  subsequently; 
— with  the  attention  to  be  paid  to  the  wounded, 
&c. 

Surgery,  Operative,  is  termed  Acur'gia,  and 
AcidurJgia, 

Surgery,  Plastic,  Morioplastice. 

SUR'GICAL.  Chirur'gicus,  (F.)  Chirurgical, 
Chirurgique.  That  which  relates  to  surgery; 
as  surgical  anatomy,  surgical  operations,  surgi- 
cal instruments,  &c. 

SVRG1EN,  Surgeon. 


SURINAMINE,  see  GeoiTnsa  Surinamensb. 

SUR-lRRlTATION,  see  Irritation. 

SVROXVGENESES.  A  name  given  by 
Baumes  to  diseases  attributed  by  him  to  super- 
abundance of  oxygVn. 

SVRPEAU,  Epidermis. 

SURRECTA  ALBA,  Ranunculus  flammula. 

SVR-R.EKAL,  Supra-renal. 

SVRSELS,  see  Salt. 

SVR  TOUTS  LIGAMENTEVX  BE  LA 
COLOJVNE  VERTERRALE,  Vertebral  liga- 
ments. 

SURVIE,  Survivorship. 

SURVIVORSHIP,  (F.)  Surme,  from  svper- 
vivere,  {super,  and  rivere,)  (F.)  survivre,  'to 
live  longer.'  In  legal  medicine,  this  word  means 
the  probability  that  any  individual  has  survived 
others  in  an  accident,  which  has  been  fatal  to 
all.  This  is  often  an  important  question,  con- 
nected with  the  inheritance  of  property,  and  on 
which  physiology  can  rarely  afford  more  than 
presumptive  grounds  for  conclusion. 

SUS,  Supra.  A  French  prefix,  signifying 
'above.' 

SUSACROMIOHUMtiRAL,  Deltoid. 

SUS-CARP1EJV;  from  sus,  (F.)  'above,'  and 
carpe,  'the  wrist.'  Above  the  wrist.  An  epi- 
thet given  by  Chaussier  to  the  dorsal  artery  of 
the  wrist — Artere  sus-carpienne — a  branch  of 
the  radial. 

SUSEPINEUX,  Supraspinal— s.  Maxillo- 
labial,  Levator  anjjuli  oris — s.  Maxillo- labial, 
grand,  Levator  labii  superioris  alsque  nasi — s. 
Maxillo- labial,  moyen,  Levator  labii  superioria 
proprius — s.  Maxillonasul,  Compressor  naris — s. 
Optico-sphcno-scleroticien,  Rectus  superior  oculi 
— s.  Orbltaire,  Supra-orbitar — s.  Phalangien  du 
poure.  Abductor  pollicis  brevis — s.  Pubio-f 6 mo- 
ral, Pectinclis — 5.  Scapulo-trockitiricn,  le  plus 
petit,  Teres  minor — s.  Scapulo-lrocliilerien.  petit, 
Supraspinatus — s.  Spino-scapulo-irochiterien,  Su- 
praspinatus. 

SUSCEPTIBILITY,  from  facile  suscipiens, 
{sub  or  sus,  and  capio,  'I  take,') '  easily  taking,  or 
undertaking.'  Sensibility,  in  its  most  enlarged 
acceptation.  Impressibility.  This  term,  with 
the  epithet  nervous,  is  sometimes  used  for  that 
increase  in  the  moral  sensibility  which  is  par- 
ticularly observed  in  nervous  affections. 

SUSCEPTIO  INTEST1NORUM,  Intussus- 
ception. 

SUSPENDICULUM,  Cremaster. 

SVSPENSOIRE,  Suspensory. 

SUSPENSORIUM  TESTIS,  Cremaster. 

SUSPEN'SORY,  Suspcnso'rius,  from  suspen- 
dere,  {sul  or  sus,  'under,'  and  pendere,  'to 
hang,')  'to  hang  under,'  (F.)  Suspensoire.  That 
which  sustains  or  suspends. 

Suspensory  Bandage,  Suspenso'rinm,  is  a 
bandage,  intended  to  support  the  scrotum,  in 
cases  of  disease  of  the  testicle  or  of  scrotal 
hernia.  It  consists  of  a  kind  of  bag,  fixed  above 
to  a  cincture,  and  retained  below  by  strings 
passing  between  the  thighs,  and  fixed  to  the 
cincture  behind. 

Suspensory  Ligament  of  the  Liver,  Lig- 
amen'tum  suspenso'rium  he'patis,  Perpendidulum 
he'patis,  is  a  triangular  dupticature  of  the  peri- 
toneum, between  the  inferior  surface  of  the 
diaphragm  and  the  upper  surface  of  the  liver, 
which  is  continuous  with  the  great  falx  of  the 
umbilical  vein. 

Suspensory   Ligament  of   the   Pems  is  a 


SUSPENSUM 


721 


SUTURE  A  POINTS  PASSES 


fibro-cellular  fascia,  of  a  triangular  shape, 
which  extends  from  the  anterior  part  of  the 
symphysis  pubis  to  the  corpus  cavernosum, 
which  it  sustains.  A  similar  ligament  belongs 
to  the  clitoris. 

SUSPENSUM,  Enoeorema. 
SUSPIR'IUM,  from  sub  or  sus,  'under,'  and 
spiro,  T  breathe,'  Mijgmus,  Myck'mus,  Mijdi- 
tliis'ruus,  Stcnag'rnus,  Stenaz'is.  A  sigh,  (F.) 
Soupir.  A  short  breathing.  A  slow,  voluntary 
contraction  of  the  diaphragm  and  intercostal 
muscles;  the  effect  of  which  is,  to  restore  the 
due  relation  between  the  circulation  and  respi- 
ration, or  to  free  ourselves  from  an  inconve- 
nient sense  of  weight  felt  in  the  chest,  when 
we  are  much  depresssed — a  weight,  which  ap- 
pears to  be  chiefly  dependent  on  the  functions 
of  the  heart  being  disturbed  through  the  moral 
influence.  The  sigh  differs  from  the  sob: — the 
latter  being  involuntary  and  spasmodic.  Sigh- 
ing, occurring  in  fevers  to  a  great  extent,  indi- 
cates considerable  depression.  When  accom- 
panied with  a  vocal  sound,  it  constitutes  a 
groan, 

SUSTENTATOR  CLITORIDIS,  Erector 
clitoridis— s.  Penis.  Erector  penis. 

SUSURRUS,  Bourdonnemcnt,  Tinnitus  au- 
rium. 
SUTELA.  Suture. 

SUTERBERRY,  XanthoAylum  fraxineum. 
SUTOKIUS,  Sartorius. 
SUTTER,  Saccharum. 

SUTURA  ABDOMINALIS,  Gastroraphy— 
s.  Arcualis,  Coronal  suture — s.  Clavata,  Suture 
quilled  —  s.  Denlata,  see  Suture— s.  Fronlo- 
parietalis,  Coronal  suture — s.  Jugalis,  Sagittal 
suture— s.  Lambdoidalis,  Lambdoid  suture — s. 
Limbosa,  see  Suture— s.  Lepidoides,  Squamous 
suture— s.  Mendosa,  Squamous  suture  —  s. 
Notha,  see  Suture— s.  Obeloe,  Sagittal  suture 
—  s.  Proiffi,  Lambdoid  suture  — s.  Punctata, 
Suture  common— s.  Puppis,  Coronal  suture — 
s.  Rhabdoides,  Sagittal  suture— s.  Serrata,  see 
Suture— s.  Vera,  see  Suture— s.  Serrata,  Sa- 
gittal suture. 

.  SUTURE,  Sutu'ra,  Sute'la,  Armf,  RhaphS, 
from  mere,  sulum.,  Mo  stitch.'  Dove-tail  joint, 
(I\)  Engr enure.  A  kind  of  immoveable  articu- 
lation, in  which  the  bones  unite  by  means  of 
serrated  edges,  which  are,  as  it  were,  dove-tailed 
into  eacli  "other.  The  articulations  of  the 
greater  part  of  the  bones  of  the  skull  are  of  this 
kind.  The  coronal,  lambdoidal,  and  sagittal 
sutures  are  called  true  sutures,  the  two  tempo- 
ral are  called  false  sutures,  suturx  nollise. 

A  dentated  suture— Sutu'ra  Denta'lu—is  one 
in  which  the  processes  are  Jong  and  dentiform, 
as  in  the  interparietal  suture.  In  a  serrated 
suture— sutu'ra  serra'ta—the  indentations  and 
processes  are  small  and  fine,  like  the  teeth  of  a 
saw.  as  in  the  suture  between  the  two  portions 
of  tiie  frontal  hone.  In  the  sutu'ra  limbosa 
there  is  alon»  with  the  dentated  margins  a  de- 
gree of  bevelling  of  one,  so  that  one  bone  rests 
on  the  other,  as  in  the  occipitoparietal  suture. 
Suture,  in  Surgery,  Rha'phe,  means  an  ope- 
ration which  consists  in  stitching  the  lips  of  a 
wound  to  procure  their  union.  The  suture 
was  at  one  time,  largely  employed;  but,  in 
modern  times,  its  use  has  been  wisely  re- 
stricted There  are  few  wounds  in  which  he 
eZs  may  not  be  brought  together  by  adhe- 
sive plaster  appropriately  applied.     This  kind 


of  union,  by  adhesive  plaster  simply,  has  been 
absurdly  termed  Sutura  sicca  or  dry  suture,  in 
opposition  to  the  Sutura  cruenta,  or  suture  pro- 
perly so  called.  The  suture  is  generally  per- 
formed with  waxed  thread  and  straight  or 
curved  needles,  according  to  the  arrangement 
of  parts. 

The  chief  sutures  are  the  interrupted  suture, 
the  quilled  suture,  the  glover's  suture,  and   the 
twisted,  suture.     1.  The  Interrupted  Suture, 
(F.)  Suture  a  points  st pares,  Suture  entrecoupee, 
is  performed  by  passing  a  needle,  armed  with  a 
ligature,  through  the  lips  of  the  wound,  previ- 
ously brought  into  contact;  and  then  tying  the 
extremities  of  the  thread.     The  other  stitches 
are  made  in  the  same  manner.     They  are  sepa- 
rate or  interrupted.     It  is  the  suture  most  com- 
monly used.     2.  The  Quilled  Suture,  Sutura 
clava'ta,  (F.)  Suture  enc/ievillee  ou  emptumee  ou 
empmnee,  Compound  Suture,  is  merely  the  in- 
terrupted suture,  with  this  difference,  that  the 
ligatures    are    not    tied    over    the   face    of  the 
wound,  but  over  two  quills  or  rolls  of  plaster, 
or  bougies,  which  are  laid  along  the  sides  of 
the  wound.     It  is  used  by  some  surgeons,  on 
account   of    there    being    less    danger   of    the 
stitches  tearing  out.     It  is  not  much  employed, 
3.  The  Glover's  Sutur*e,    Continued   Suture, 
Uninterrupted  Suture,  (F.)   Suture  de  Pelletier, 
Suture  en  svrget,  is   executed   by   introducing 
the  needle  first  into  one  lip  of  the  wound  from 
within   outwards,   then   into   the   other   in   the 
same  way;  and,  in  this  manner,  sowing  up  the 
whole  extent  of  the  wound.     It  has  been  chiefly 
used  in  wounds  of  the  intestinal  canal.     It  is 
now  rarely  employed  except  for  stitching  up 
dead   bodies.     The  common   stitch  or  sulure, 
Sutura  punctata,   (F.)    Suture  a  points  pusses, 
has  been  used  in  similar  cases.     4.  The  Royal 
Stitch  or  Suture  is  the  name  of  an  old  opera- 
tion for  the  cure  of  bubonocele.      It  consisted 
in   putting  a   ligature  under  the   hernial  sac, 
close  to  the  abdominal   ring,  and   then   tying 
that  part  of  the  sac,  so  as  to  render  it  impervi- 
ous by  the  adhesive  inflammation  thus  excited. 
5.   The    Twisted    Suture.   (F.)   Suture  entor- 
tillec,  is  employed,  chiefly,  to  unite  wounds  of 
the  cheeks  and'  of  the  free  edge  of  the  lips.    To 
perform  it,  a  pin  or  needle  is  passed  through 
the  edges  of  the  wound,  so  as  to   keep  them 
accurately  in   contact.     A   piece   of  thread    is 
then  wound  accurately  round  the  pin,  from  one 
side  of  the  division  to  the  other,  in  the  form  of 
the  fio-ure  cc.     The  number  of  pins  and  sutures 
must,°of  course,  correspond  with  the  extent  of 
the  wound.     This  is  the  suture  used  in  cases  of 
hareli |>,  (q.  v.)     G.  The  Suture  a.  Akse,  of  Le 
Dran,  has    only    been    employed    in    cases    of 
wounds  of  the  intestines.     For- this   purpose, 
the  edges  of  the  wound  are  brought  together, 
and  as  many  needles,  with   unwaxed   threads, 
used  as  there  are  to  be  stitches.     Each   stitch 
is  then  made  by  passing  a  needle  through  the 
edges;  and  all    the    ligatures  which  belong  to 
one  side  of  the  wound  are  tied  together,  and 
twisted  so  as  to  form  a  thread,  which  is  fixed 
externally.  .  „  ,„    _ 

SUTURE  J)  POINTS  PASSES,  Suture, 
common—  s.  Compound,  Suture,  quilled— s. 
Continued,  Suture,  Glover's— s.  Ria,lleuse, 
Squamous  suture—  8.  Empennee,  Suture,  quilled 
—5.  Emplumce,  Suture,  quilled— s.  EncheviUee, 
Suture,  quilled— s.  Eutortillee,  Suture,  twisted 


S\\  ADDLING  CLOTHES 


722 


SYMPATHETIC 


«-s.  Entrccoi/pee,  Suture,  interrupted— s.  False, 
Harmony— s.  Occipitale,  Lambdoid  suture— a. 
Occipitoparietal,  Lambdoid  suture— s.  de  Pel- 
letter,  Suture,  Glover's — s.  a  Points  separes, 
Suture,  interrupted — s.  Squameuse,  Squamous 
suture — s. enSurgtt, Suture,  Glover's— s.Super- 
ficial,  Harmony — s. Uninterrupted,  see  Glover's. 

SWADDLING  CLOTHES,  Swathing 
clothes. 

SWALLOW,  Hirundo— s.  Wort,  Asclepias 
vincetoxieum — s.  Wort,  oiange,  Asclepias  tube- 
rosa — s.  Wort,  tuberous-rooted,  Asclepias  tube- 
rosa — s.  Wort,  white,  Asclepias  vincetoxieum. 

SWAMP  CABBAGE,  Dracontium  foetidum 
— s.  Sickness,  Milk  sickness — s.  Wrood,  Cepha- 
lanthus  occidentalis,  Dirca  palustris. 

SWATHING  or  SWADDLING  CLOTHES, 
Incunabu'la,  Fasciae,  Panni,  from  Sax.  j-pesan, 
'to  bind,'  (F.)  Maillot.  The  kind  6f  clothing 
or  bandaging  formerly  applied  to  children 
during  the  first  year  of  life.  It  is  now,  pro- 
perly, laid  aside,  and  every  freedom  allowed 
to  muscular  exertion. 

SWEAT,  Sudor — s.  Scab,  Crusta  genu 
equinse. 

SWEATING  OF  BLOOD, see  Diapedesis— 
s.  Plant,  Eupatorium  perforatum — s.  Sickness, 
Sudor  Ancrlicus. 

SWEATING  SICKNESS,  MALWAH.  A 
disease  which  appears  to  be  allied  to  the  worst 
form  of  cholera,  and  to  bear  a  close  relation  to 
malignant  congestive  fever.  As  its  name  im- 
ports, it  occurs  in  Malwah  in  India. 

SWEET  BITTER,  Triosteum— s.  Bush, 
Comptonia  asplenifolia — s.  Fern,  Comptonia 
asplenifolia — s.  Flag,  Acorus  calamus — s.  Pod, 
Ceratonium  siliqua — s.  Root,  Aralia  nudicaulis. 

SWELLING,  Exosde'sis,  Presis,  Extumefac'- 
lio,  Tumor,  Turnefac'tio,  (F.)  Enjlure,  Gonfle- 
ment,  from  Sax.  j-pellan,  (DJ  s  we  lien  (G.) 
s  c  h  w  e  1  1  e  n,  'to  swell.'  Morbid  increase  of 
bulk  in  the  whole,  or  a  part,  of  the  body.  See 
Tumour. 

Swelling,  White,  Hydrarthrus. 

SWERTIA  CHIRAYITA,  Gentiana  chirayita 
— s.  Difformis,  see  Calumba — s.  Frasera,  see 
Calumba. 

SWIETE'NIA  FEBRIF'UGA,  Feb'rifuge 
Swiete'nia,  (F.)  Mahogan  febrifuge.  Family, 
Meliacese.  Sex.  Syst.  Decandria  Monooynia. 
The  bark  of  this  tree,  which  is  a  native  of  the 
East  Indies,  and  called  there  linhena  Bark,  has 
an  aromatic  odour  and  bitter  taste.  It  is  tonic 
and  stomachic,  and  has  been  used  in  inlermit- 
tents,  and  in  diseases  where  bitter  tonics  are 
indicated.     Dose,  ^j  to  £)ij  of  the  powder. 

Swiete'nia  Mahog'ani,  Mahogany  Tree, 
grows  in  the  West  Indies  and  tropical  Ame- 
rica, and  is  possessed  of  similar  properties. 

SWIMMING,  Natation— s.  of  the  Head,  Ver- 
tigo. 

SWOON,  Syncope. 

SYCAMINOS,  Morus  nigra. 

SYCAM1NUM,  see  Morus  nigra. 

SYCE,  E'icus  carica. 

SYCEPH'ALUS,  from  <rvv,  'with,'  and  xs- 
<$a\r],  'head.'  A  monster  having  two  heads 
united  together. 

SYCION,  a-uxiov,  from  o-v/.ov,  'a  fig.'  A  de- 
coction of  dried  figs. 

SYCI'TES,  0-vx.mi?.  Wine,  in  which  dried 
fig3  have  been  infused. 

Svcites,  Catorchites. 


SYCOMA,  Ficus. 

SYCO'SIS  ,  o-vmhju.  Same  etymon.  A  tu- 
mour of  the  shape  of  a  fig.  Also,  a  fungous 
ulcer.  An  excrescence  aboutthe  eyelids.  Dr. 
Bateman  defines  it: — an  eruption  of  inflamed 
but  not  very  hard  tubercles  occurring  on  the 
bearded  portion  of  the  face  and  on  the  scalp, 
in  adults;  and  usually  clustering  together  in 
irregular  patches; — Pliyma  Sycosis.  Of  this  he 
has  given  two  species:  1.  Sycosis  Menti,  S. 
barbx,  Mcntngra,  Menti'go,  Varus  Men'tagra, 
Chinicelk,  Barber's  Itcli,  (F.)  Dartre  pvsluleuse 
mentagre:  and,  2.  Sycosis  Capil'li,  S.  CapilW'tii. 
The  treatment,  in  both  cases,  resembles  that  for 
Porrigo  favosa. 

Sycosis,  Ficu3. 

SYDERATIO,  Sideratio. 

SYM,  SYN,  evv,  'with,  together,'  like  the 
cum,  col,  con,  cor,  &c,  of  the  Latins.  A  com- 
mon prefix.  Before  b,  p,  pit,  ps,  and  m, — syn 
or  xyn,  is  changed  into  sym  or  xym,  (com ;)  be- 
fore c,  ch,  g,  k,  and  x,  into  syn  or  xyn,  ovy,  %uy 
{con;)  before  I  into  syloTXyl,  (col;)  before  r 
into  syr  or  xyr,  (cor ;)  and  before  s  into  sy  or  xy 
and  sys,  (co  and  cos.) 

SYMBLEPHARON,  Ankyloblepharon. 

SYMBLEPHARO'SIS,  from  <r«v, '  with,'  and 
pitcpxQcv, '  an  eyelid.'  A  preternatural  adhesion 
between  the  eyelids;  and  especially  between 
the  upper  eyelid  and  globe  of  the  eye. 

Svmblepharosis,  Ankyloblepharon. 

SYMBOLE,  Commissure. 

SYMBOLEUS1S,  Consultation. 

SYMBOUSMUS,  Sympathy. 

SYMBOLIZATIO,  Sympathy. 

SYMBOLOGICA,  Symptomatology. 

SYM'MELES;  from  trvv,  '  with,' and  ^tJUj, 
an  extremity.  Mon'opus.  A  genus  of  monsters 
whose  extremities  are  joined  together.  I.  G. 
St.  Hilaire. 

SYMMETRICAL,  Sijmmct'ricus,  <rvuutTQos, 
from  a-vr,  '  with,'  and  fitTQtiv,  'to  measure.'  An 
epithet  given  to  those  parts  of  the  body,  which, 
if  seated  on  the  median  line,  may  be  divided 
into  two  equal,  and  perfectly  like  halves;  or 
which,  if  situate — the  one  to  the  right,  the 
other  to  the  left  of  this  line — have  a  similar  con- 
formation, and  a  perfectly  analogous  arrange- 
ment. 

SYM'METRY,  Symmcl'ria.  The  regularity 
in  form,  observed  in  many  parts,  situate  on  the 
median  line  ;  and,  also,  the  resemblance  which 
exists  between  many  organs  that  are  situate  on 
each  side  the  median  line.  Bichat  first  noticed 
that  this  symmetry  was  confined  to  the  organs 
of  animal  life  ;  as  the  head,  brain,  spine,  organs 
of  sense,  of  locomotion,  &c. 

SYMPARATERESIS,  Observation. 

SYMPASMA,  Catapasma. 

SYMPATHESIS,  Sympathy. 

SYMPATHETIC,  Sympath'icus,  Sympathc- 
ticus,  (F.)  Sympalliique,  from  <rw,  '  with,'  and 
nadog,  'suffering.'  That  which  depends  on 
sympathy.  Sympathetic  affections  of  an  organ 
are  those  morbid  phenomena  that  supervene, 
without  any  morbific  cause  acting  directly  on 
it,  and  by  the  reaction  of  another  organ  prima- 
rily affected.  Thus,  itching  of  the  nose  is  a 
sympathetic  affection,  produced  by  irritation  in 
the  intestinal  canal. 

The  epithet  sympathetic  is  also  given  to  t!if- 
ferent  nerves.  See  Trisplanchnic,  Pneumogas- 
tric,  and  Facial. 


SYMPATHETIC,  GREAT 


723 


SYNCH  YSIS 


Sympathetic,  Great,  Trisplanchnic  nerve 
—s.  Middle,  Fneumogastric. 

Sympathetic  Powder,  Pufois  sympathet'- 
icas  of  Sir  Keneltn  Digby,  was  composed  of 
calcined  sulphate  of  iron,  prepared  in  a  particu- 
lar manner.  It  was  long  supposed  to  be  able 
to  cure  a  wound,  if  applied  to  the  weapon  that 
inflicted  it;  or  even  to  a  portion  of  the  bloody 
clothes.  It  is  proper  to  remark,  however,  that 
the  wound  itself  was  carefully  excluded  from 
the  air,  and  from  all  irritation. 

SYMPATHETICUS  MINOR,  Facial  nerve. 

SYMPATHETISMUS,  Sympathy. 

SYMPATH1A,  Consent  of  parts. 

SYMPATHIOUS,  Sympathetic. 

SYMPATHiqUE,  Sympathetic. 

SYM'PATH  Y,  Sympathi'a,  Sympatlie'sis,  Com- 
vas'sio.  Consensus,  Sympalhetis'mus,  Conflux!  io, 
Conspira'tio,  Commer'ciurn,  Consortium,  Ho- 
tnoioptithi' a,  Homoeth'  nia  ,Adelphix!  is ,  Symbolis'- 
miis,  Symboliza'tio.  The  connexion  that  exists 
between  the  action  of  two  or  more  organs, 
more  or  less  distant  from  each  other;  so  that 
the  affection  of  the  first  is  transmitted,  seconda- 
rily, to  the  others,  or  to  one  of  the  others,  by 
means  unknown.  A  knowledge  of  the  par- 
ticular sympathies  between  different  organs 
throws  light  on  the  etiology  of  diseases,  their 
seat,  and=the  particular  organ  towards  which 
our  therapeutical  means  should  be  directed. 
See  Irritation. 

SYMPEXIS,  Concretion. 

SYMPHOREMA,  Congestion. 

SY  MP  IIYOCEPH.  A' L\JS,Metop' a  ges,Cepha- 
lop'ages;  from  c-vptfWtt,  '  united  together,' and 
xeyah],  'head.'  A  monstrosity  in  which  twins 
are  united  by  the  head. 

SYMPHYSEOTOMY,  Symphysot'omy,  Syn- 
chondrol'omy,  Symphyseotom'ia,  from  a-vu<pu<rig, 
and  rtfivm,  '  I  cut.'  The  operation  or  section  of 
the  Symphysis,  Sigaultian  operation,  Sigaultian 
section.  This  operation  is  performed  with  the 
view  of  augmenting  the  diameter  of  the  pelvis, 
in  order  toTacilitate  delivery  in  certain  cases  of 
faultv  conformation  of  that  cavity,  with  wedging 
of  the  head  of  the  child  therein.  To  perform 
the  operation,  (F.)  desymphyser,  the  female  is 
placed  on  her  back;  the  pubes  is  shaved;  and, 
with  a  strong  scalpel,  the  soft  parts  are  divi- 
ded on  the  median  line.  The  articulation  is 
then  cut.  As  soon  as  the  fibrous  parts,  which 
hold  the  bones  together,  are  divided,  they  sepa- 
rate to  a  certain  distance  from  each  other;  and 
the  delivery  may  be  accomplished.  The  knife, 
with  which  the  operation  is  performed,  is  called, 
by  the  French,  Couteau  syrnphijsien. 

SYMPHYS'IA,  from  av^wi?,  'a  growing 
together.'  A  malformation  consisting  in  the 
union  of  parts  that  are  usually  divided.— 
Breschet. 

SYM'PHY'SIS,  from  av^va,  (aw,  '  with, 
and  <j,„w,  'I  grow,')  'I  unite  together.'  A  union 
of  bones.  The  bond  of  such  union.  The  ag- 
gregate of  means  used  for  retaining  bones  in 
situ  in  the  articulations.  The  name  symphysis 
has,  however,  been  more  particularly  appro- 
priated to  certain  articulations;  as  to  the  sym- 
physis pubis,  sacro-iliac  symphysis,  ax.       . 

Symiiiysis,  Coalescence,  Commissure,  Inser- 
tion—s.  Ossium  muscularis,  Syssarcosis— s. 
Pubis,  Pubic  articulation. 

SYM  PHY  SOTO  MY,  Symphyseotomy. 

SYMPHYTOS,  Hereditary. 


SYM'PHYTUM.  Same  etymon.  Symphy- 
tum officina'ls,  Consol'ida  major,  Comfrey,  Alum, 
Alus,  (F.)  Grande  Oonsoude.  Family,  Bora- 
gineae.  Sex.  S/jst.  Pentandria  Monogynia.  The 
roots  of  this  European  plant  are  very  mucila- 
ginous, and  are  employed  as  emollients.  They 
are  used  in  decoction,  in  hemoptysis,  dysen- 
tery, and  chronic  diarrhoea,  Ac. 

Symphytum,  Solidago  virgaurea — s.  Mini- 
mum, Bellis — s.  Minus,  Prunella. 

Symphytum  Pktr/e'um,  Coris  Monspelien'sis, 
Montpcl'lier  Coris.  Anintenselj'  bitterand  nau- 
seous plant,  which  is  said  to  have  been  useful 
in  syphilis.     See,  also,  Sanicula. 

SYMPLOCARPUS  ANGUST1SPATHA, 
Dracontium  angustispatha — s.  Foctida,  Dracon- 
tium  feetidum. 

SYMPTOM,  Sympto'ma,  Ac'cidens,  from  <rvv, 
'with,'  and  nrvipa,  '  a  fall,'  from  irimw,  '  I  fall.' 
Any  change  perceptible  to  the  senses,  in  any 
organ  or  function,  which  is  connected  with  mor- 
bific influence.  It  is  by  the  aggregate  and  suc- 
cession of  symptoms  that  a  disease  is  delected. 
The  term  symptoms  of  symptoms  has  been  used 
for  the  effects  which  result  from  the  symptoms 
of  a  disease;  but  which  effects  are  not  essen- 
tially connected  with  the  disease  itself.  Thus 
the  debility  arising  from  the  frequency  of  the 
evacuations  in  dysentery  is  a  symptom  of  symp- 
toms.    See  Sign. 

SYMPTOMA  TURPITUDLNTS,  Nympho- 
mania. 

SYMPTOMATIC,  Symptomatica.  That 
which  is  a  symptom  of  some  other  affection. 
Thus  we  speak  of  a  symptomatic  disease,  in 
opposition  to  one  that  is  idiopathic. 

SYMPTOMATOL'OGY,  Symptomatolog"ia, 
Symbohg"ica,  from  a-ofjimvi^a,  'a  symptom,' 
and  \oyog, '  a  treatise.'  The  branch  of  patholo- 
gy, the  object  of  which  is  the  knowledge  of 
symptoms. 

SYMPTO'SIS,  from  aw,  '  with/  and  tititw, 
'I  fall.'  Depression  or  rather  emaciation  or 
atrophy,  either  of  the  whole  body  or  of  a  part. 

SYNiETION,  Concausa. 

SYNANCHE,  Cynanche,  Cynauche  tonsil- 
laris. 

SYJYAJVCIE,  Cynanche. 

SYNARTHRO'DIAL,  Synarthrodia' Us,  from 
aw,  '  with,'  and  a^&qmais, '  articulation.'  That 
which  belongs  to  synarthrosis;  as  Synurthrodial 
articulation. 

SYNARTHROSIS,  Abarticula'tio;  Coartic.u- 
la'tio.  An  immovable  articulation.  Synarthro- 
sis includes  three  species: — Suture,  Harmony, 
and  Gomphosis. 

SYNATHROISMUS,  Congestion. 

SYNCAN'THUS,  from  aw,  '  with,'  wdog, 
'the  corner  of  the  eye.'  A  morbid  adhesion 
between  the  globe  of  the  eve  and  the  orbit. 

SYNCHONDRO'SIS,  from  aw,  '  with.'  and 
Xprogoq,  'a  cartilage.'  Union  or  articulation  of 
bones  by  means  of  cartilage:— as  the  articula- 
tions of  the  ribs  with  the  sternum,  by  means  of 
their  cartilages  of  prolongation. 

SYNCHONDROTOMY,  Symphyseotomy. 

SYNCHRONOUS,  Syn'chronus,  from  our, 
'  with,'  and  y^vcg,  '  time.'  That  which  occurs 
at  the  same  time.  Thus  the  pulsations  of  an 
artery  may  be  synchronous  with  those  of  the 
heart. 

SYNCHYSIS,  Confusio. 


SYNCIPUT 


"24 


SYNOVIA 


SYNCIPUT,  Sinciput. 

SYN'CLONUS,  from  avyr.Xotiee,  (rvv,  'with,' 
emd  tckovew,  'I  shake,')  'I  shake  together.' 
Cloit'ici  universa'les,  Clonus  (Young.)  Tremu- 
lous, simultaneous,  and  chronic  agitation  of 
various  muscles,  especially  when  excited  by 
the  will.     See  Tremor,  Chorea,  &C. 

Svnclonus  Ballismus,  Paralysis  agitans — s. 
Chorea,  Chorea — s.  Beriberia,  Beriberi — s.  Ra- 
phania,  Raohania — s.  Tremor,  Tremor. 

SYNCOMIS'TOS,  from  auyy.o^ta,  (aw  and 
vomits),)  '  I  bring  together;'  Autop'yros,  Funis 
domes' ticus,  secunda'rius,  ciba'rius,  confusu'neus. 
Bread  of  the  whole  wheat  or  of  the  unsifted 
meal.     Household  bread. 

SYN'COPAL,  Sijnropa'lis.  Same  etymon  as 
Syncope  (q.  v.);  as  Syncopal  Fever,  Febris  Syn- 
copal is.  A  pernicious  intermittent  character- 
ized by  repeated  attacks  of  syncope. 

SYN'COPE,  from  auyxoTrrtu,  'I  fall  down.' 
Jtn'imi  defec'tio  Animi  deh'quium,  Leipopsycli'ia, 
Apsych'ia,  Asphyx!ia,  Apopsych'ia,  Lipolhym'ia. 
Eclips'is,  Subilus  atii/ni  casus,  Siooon,  Fainting 
jit,  (F.)  livanouissement,  Dif alliance,  Pamoison, 
Complete,  and  commonly,  sudden  loss  of  sen- 
sation and  motion,  with  considerable  diminu- 
tion, or  entire  suspension  of  the  pulsations  of 
the  heart  and  the  respiratory  movements.  Syn- 
cope is,  commonly,  an  affection  of  no  conse- 
sequence;  but,  sometimes,  it  is  an  index  of  dis- 
eased heart.  Placing  the  patient  in  the  hori- 
zontal posture:  sprinkling  cold  water  over  the 
face  and  the  application  of  volatile  substances 
to  the  nose,  are  all  that  will  be  required  during 
the  fit.      See  Asphyxia  and  Suffocation. 

Syncope  Anginosa,  Angina  pectoris. 

SYNCRITICA,  Astringents. 

SYNDACTYLUS,  Aschistodactylus. 

S  Y N  DESMOG'RA PHY,  Syn desmogra'ph ia, 
from  rsvi<?f0>cos,  '  a  ligament,'  and  y»«<p>;,  '  a  de- 
scription.' A  description  of  the  ligaments. 
The  part  of  anatomy  which  describes  the  liga- 
ments. 

SYNDESMOL'OGY,  Syndesmobg"ia,  from 
nvrStc-f^oc,  'a  ligament,'  and  loyog.  '  a  treatise, 
discourse.'     A  treatise  on  the  ligaments. 

SYNDES'MO  PHARYNGE'US.  A  fasci- 
culus   of  the    constrictor    pharyngis   superior. 

(<!•  v.) 

SYNDESMOS.  Ligament. 

SYNDESMOSIS,  Synneuro'sis,  Sijnymen'sis, 
from  crvrSec-f^oc,  'ligament.'  The  articulation 
of  two  or  more  bones  by  means  of  a  ligament; — 
as  of  the  radius  with  the  ulna. 

SYNDESMOT'OMY,  Syndesmotom'ia,  from 
e-!>J<W,uo?,  '  ligament,'  and  t^iid,  '  I  cut  or  dis- 
sect.'    Dissection  of  the  ligaments. 

SYN'DROME,  from  a-uv, '  with,'  and  Soopoc, 
'a  course.'  Concur'sus,  (q.  v.)  Concourse.  A 
name  given  by  the  empirical  sect  to  the  union 
of  symptoms  which  takes  place  in  diseases. 
SyndromE pletho'rica,  e.  g.  meant  the  union  of 
symptoms  produced  by  plethora. 

SYNDYASMUS,  Coition. 

SYNECHES,  see  Continued  fever. 

SYNECHP  A,  from  trvv, '  with,'  and  e/eir,  '  to 
have,'  'or  to  hold.'  Adhesion  between  the  iris 
and  transparent  cornea,  or  between  tiie  ins  and 
crystalline  lens.  The  former  case  is  called  Sy- 
nechia mite'rior:  the  latter  6'  posle'rior. 

SYNFSIS,  Intellect. 

SYN  KUKOSIS,  Syndesmosis. 

SYNEZI'ZIS,  Synize'sis,  Considcn'tia,  from 


cxjv,  '  with,' and  Eevyrwtv,  'to  join.'  Farop'sis 
Syndesis,  Call'  go  a  Syn'uesi,  Caligo  Fupd'lse, 
Closure  or  occlu'sion  or  obi il era' lion  of  the  Pupil, 
Phthisis  Pupil'lcc,  Amyo'sis.  This  disease  is 
sometimes  a  case  of  faulty  conformation,  de- 
pending upon  the  continued  existence  of  the 
membrana  pupillaris,  or  the  absence  of  the  pu- 
pil. It  is,  in  other  words,  congenital.  At  other 
times,  it  is  owing  to  accident,  and  supervenes 
on  violent  ophthalmia,  or  on  the  operation 
for  cataract.  Those  who  are  affected  with  sy- 
nezizis  are  completely  blind; — the  iris  having 
no  central  aperture.  In  certain  cases,  a  remedy 
may  be  obtained  by  making  an  opening  in  the 
iris,  which  may  supply  the  place  of  the  pupil, 
and  through  which  the  rays  of  light  may  reach 
the  retina.  This  operation  is  called  the  opera- 
lion  for  artificial  pupil. 

SYNGENES,  Hereditary. 

SYNIMENSIS,  Synymensis. 

SYNIZESIS,  Considentia,  Synezisis. 

SYN'OCHA,  from  c-uve/w,  (rw,  and  j^to,  'I 
have  or  hold,')  'I  continue.'  Inflam'mutory  Fe- 
ver, Angiopyr'ia,  Febris  causodes,  Febris  deu'- 
rens,  F.  ardens,  Febris  contin'ua  sancruin'ea, 
Febris  contin'ua  non  putris,  Syn'ochus  (Vogel,) 
Febris  acmas'tica,  Synochus  impu'tris  (Galen,) 
Febris  acu'la,  F.  cou'tinens,  F.  conlinens  non, 
pulrida,  F-  angiolen'ica,  F.  sthenica,  F.  san- 
guin'ea,  HomoL'onos,  Slhenop'ijra,  F.  inflamma- 
lo'ria,  Ene'cia  comma,  F.  ton'ica,  Phlogop'yrus, 
Caurna,  (F.)  Fievrc  ardente,  F,  Continente  in- 
flamm'atoire,  F.  Sanguine,  F.  irritative,  F.  an- 
geiotenique,  F.  inflammatoire,  General  inflam- 
mation, Gastro-enterile  intense.  A  species  of 
continued  fever,  characterized  by  increased 
heat;  and  by  quick,  strong,  and  hard  pulse; 
urine  high-coloured;  disturbance  of  mind  slight. 
It  requires,  of  course,  the  most  active  treatment. 

Synocha  Rheomatica,  Rheumatism,  acute 
— s.  Vaccina.  Vaccina. 

SYN'OCHUS,  Febris  lenta,  (Linnceus,)  F. 
continens  pu'lrida,  F.  continua  putridu  (of  some;) 
same  etymon.  Continued  fever,  compounded 
of  synocha  and  typhus: — in  its  commencement 
often  resembling  the  former;  in  its  progress,  the 
latter.  Mixed  fever,  Common  continued  fever. 
See  Continued  fever,  Fever  and  Typhus. 

Synochus,  Synocha — s.  Biliosa,  Fever,  gas- 
tric, Fever,  bilious — s.Icterodes,  Fever,  yeilow 
— s.  Impuiris,  Synocha  —  s.  Miliaria,  Miliary 
fever — s.  Varicella,  Varicella. 

SYNOLCE,  Spasm. 

SYNQNIA,Synovia. 

SYNOSTEOG'RA  PHY,  Synosleogm'plna, 
from  (tvv,  '  With,'  oo-tesv,  '  a  bone,'  and  y£u<?co, 
'  I  describe.'  The  part  of  anatomy  which  de- 
scribes the  joints. 

S  Y  NOSTEOL'OGY,  Synosleohg"ia, from  <rw, 
'  with,'  co-Ttov,  'a  bone,'  and  Xoyog,  '  a  treatise.' 
A  treatise  on  the  joints. 

S  Y  NOSTEOT/O  M  Y ,  Synosteotom'ia,  from  aw, 
'  with,'  oo-Tfir,  '  a  bone,'  and  Tf^uiv,  'to  cut.' 
Dissection  of  the  joints. 

SYNO'VIA,  from  <rw,  'with,'  and  eoov,  'an 
egg.'  J\lacilugo,  Un'ouen  articalu' 're,  Synonia, 
Axun'gia  articvla'ris,  Unguen'tum  sen  Smegma 
o  t  Uctua'rB,  MucUa'go  uriiculo'rvm  sou  junclura'r 
rum,  Humor  ariiculu'ris.  Humor  ecu  I  lo'  nudum 
not!' cam,  sen  Gluten  ail/coin' rum ,  (F.)  Synoeic. 
A  fluid  resembling  the  white  of  egg,  which  is 
exhaled  by  the  synovial  membranes  surrounding 
the  moveable    articulations.     The  synovia  has 


SYNOVIAL 


725 


SYRINGA  VULGARIS 


been  found,  on  analysis,  to  consist  of  water,  a 
little  albumen,  soda,  chloride  of  sodium,  phos- 
phate of  lime, —  and  Fourcroy  fancied  —  uric 
acid.  Its  use  is  to  lubricate  the  joints,  and  the 
sheaths  in  which  tendons  play. 

SYNO'VIAL,  Synovia' lis.  That  which  re- 
lates to  the  synovia. 

Synovial  Glands,  Haver's  Glands,  Gland'- 
vlse  arl.icula.res,  G.  Synovia'les,  G.  Haversia'nce, 
are  the  secretory  fringes,  which  float  in  the  in- 
terior of  the  synovial  capsules  (see  Capsules.) 
They  do  not  seem  to  be  glandular.  They  have 
been  called  Syno'vial  jim'brise,  (F.)  Franges 
synoriales. 

SYNOVITIS;  from  Synovia,  and  itis,  a  ter- 
mination denoting  inflammation.  A  term  badly 
compounded,  applied  at  times  to  inflammation 
of  the  synovial  membrane. 

Synovitis  Rheumatismalis,  Rheumatism, 
(acute.) 

SYN'TASIS,  ovrTuatc,  from  awravw,  (<rw, 
and  reivca,  '  1  stretch,')  '  I  strain.'  Tension  of 
parts:  hence  <rvvT<xTix.<*.,  are  medicines  which 
render  parts  tense.  Syntex'is,  on  the  other  hand, 
means  Col/iqua'tio,  or  wasting  of  the  body;  from 
ovrT>;y.w, '  I  melt  together.' 

SYNTAXIS,  Articulation. 

SYNTECOPYRA,  Hectic  fever. 

SYNTECTYCOPYRA,  Hectic  fever. 

SYJNTENO'SIS,  from  aw,  with,'  and  -tivuv, 
'  a  tendon.'  A  species  of  articulation  in  which 
two  bones  are  joined  by  means  of  tendon;  as 
the  sesamoid  bones  with  the  toes,  the  rotula 
with  the  tibia,  &c. 

SYNTERETICUS,  Prophylactic. 

SYNTEXIS,  Colliquation,  Consumption. 

SYNTHENA.  A  term  employed  by  Para- 
celsus to  designate  a  species  of  epilepsy,  ac- 
companied by  cardialgia  and  tormina. 

SYNTHESIS,  Reu'nio,  '  composition  or  put- 
ting together,'  from  aw,  and  rt&r^i,  'I  place.' 
A  surgical  operation,  which  consists  in  uniting 
parts  that  are  divided;  and  approximating  such 
as  are  separated  or  distant  from  each  other. 
Synthesis  of  continuity,  means  the  union  of  the 
edges  of  a  wound,  or  the  approximation  of  the 
extremities  of  a  fractured  bone.  Synthesis  of 
contiguity  is  the  reduction  of  displaced  organs; 
as  in  cases  of  hernia  and  luxations. 

Synthesis,  Composition. 

SYNTHETIS'MUS,  same  etymon.  The  ag- 
gregate of  operations  and  means  for  reducing  a 
fracture,  and  maintaining  it  reduced: — com- 
prising ex  tension,  counter-ex  tension,  coaptation, 
and  bandao-ing. 

SYNTRIMMA,  Contritio. 

SYNTRIPSIS,  Contritio. 

SYNTROPHOS,  Connutritus. 

SYNULOT1CA,  Cicatrisantia. 

SYNUSIA,  Coition. 

SYN  YME.N  SIS, Synimcn' sis, from  aw, '  with,' 
and  'u,«»jv,  '  a  membrane.'  Union  of  bones  by 
membrane,  as  in  the  case  of  the  bones  of  the 
head  in  the  foetus. 

Synymensis,  Syndesmosis. 

SYPHILIDES,  Syphilida,  (F.)  Dcrmo-syphi- 
lidies,  Dermatosies  vcroleuses.  Same  etymon  as 
Syphilis  The  cutaneous  eruptions  that  ac- 
company constitutional  syphilis  are  so  denomi- 
nated by  the  French  writers. 

SYPH1LIDOMANTA,  Syphilomania. 

SYPHILIPHO'BIA  ;  from  Syphilis  and  <?o|9o?, 
'dread.'     A   morbid  dread  of  syphilis,  giving 


rise  to  fancied  symptoms  of  the  disease:  a  form 
of  hypochondriasis. 

SYPH'ILIS,  Morbus  GaTlicus,  Siphilis,  Sy. 
philis'mus,  Cachex'ia  venerea,  Cachochym'ia  Ve- 
ne'rea,  Malum  vene'reum,  Mor'bus  Ital'icus  M. 
Hispaa'icus,  Puden'dagra,  Lues,  Mc'vium,  Lues 
vene'rea,  Lues  syphilis,  Morbus  aphrodis'ius,  Sy- 
philis venerea,  S.  maligna,  Morbus  Ncapo/ita'nus, 
Morbus  In' dicus,Patur' sa,-  the  Venereal  Disease 
Pox,  French  Pox,-  the  Venereal,  (F.)  Verole,  Ma- 
ladie  vendrienne,  Mai  de  Naples,  Mai  Francais, 
Maladie  de  Venus.  The  etymology  of  syphilis 
is  unknown.  Some  consider  it  to  proceed  from 
ov$,  'a  hog;'  and  others,  from  attplog, — formed, 
by  contraction,  from  amaxos,  'shameful,'  'dirty,' 
<&c.  It  is  an  infectious  disease,  communicable 
by  coition;  or  by  the  contact  of  parts  that  are 
only  lined  with  a  thin  epidermis:  as  the  lips, 
nipple,  &c.  It  generally  makes  its  first  appear- 
ance by  a  chancre,  (q.  v.)  followed  sooner  or 
later  by  a  bubo.  The  chancre  is  a  primary 
symptom  or  sore;  but  there  are  others  which 
are  secondary  or  constitutional.  These  are : — 
ulcers  in  the  throat;  copper-coloured  blotches 
on  the  skin;  pains  in  the  bones,  nodes,  &c: 
the  last  are  sometimes  termed  tertiary  pheno- 
mena. The  origin  of  syphilis  is  not  known. 
It  is  believed  to  have  been  introduced  into 
Europe  from  America,  at  the  end  of  the  15lh 
century. [?]  Its  progress  is  extremely  variable, 
as  well  as  its  duration,  which  is  often  unlimited, 
if  left  to  itself.  Mercury  may  be  esteemed  the 
best  remedy,  but  the  disease  admits  of  cure 
without  it.  Almost  every  antisyphilitic  com- 
position, whose  use  is  attended  with  success, 
probably  contains  mercury  united  with  diapho- 
retics or  other  medicines.  It  is  generally  suffi- 
cient to  keep  the  mouth  sore  for  a  fortnight, 
for  the  cure  of  chancre  :  for  venereal  sore  throat, 
and  other  recent  constitutional  symptoms,  eight 
or  ten  weeks  will  be  required  ;  and,  of  course, 
a  longer  time,  if  these  symptoms  have  persisted 
long.  Sometimes,  after  mercury  has  been  given 
for  a  time,  the  symptoms  continue  stationary; 
and  do  not  yield  until  the  mercury  has  been 
discontinued,  and  tonics  and  eutrophics  have 
been  administered.  The  preparations  of  iodine 
have  been  much  used,  of  late,  in  the  revellent 
treatment  of  this  disease. 

Syphilis  Indica,  Frambcesia. 

Syphilis  Pseudo-Syphilis,  Lues  Syphilo'des, 
Pseudo-syphilis.  A  term  given  to  ulcers  or 
other  affections  that  resemble  syphilis,  but  are 
indeterminate  in  their  character, — the  symp- 
toms being  irregular  in  their  appearance,  and 
usually  yielding  spontaneously,  or  under  the 
use  of  tonics,  change  of  air,  &c.  The  condi- 
tion has  not  been  at  all  well  defined.  The  Ste- 
vens, Radesyge,  &c.  have  been  referred  to  this 
head. 

SYPHILISMUS,  Syphilis. 

SYFHILOMA'NIA,  Syphilidoma'nra,  vulgar- 
ly, Noddle  Pox.  A  mania,  with  which  some 
persons  are  affected,  so  that  they  subject  them- 
selves to  antivenereal  treatment,  under  the  no- 
tion that  thev  are  affected  with  syphilis. 

SYPHO-AURICULARIS,  Otenchytes. 

SYRIGMOPHO'NIA,  from  avgiy^g, '  whist- 
ling,' and  <fwvrt,  'voice.'  A  piping  state  of  the 
voice. 

SYRIGMUS,  Tinnitus  aurium. 

SYRINGA,  Syringe. 

Syrin'ga  Vulga'kis,   Common  Lilac.     The 


SYRINGE 


?26         SYRUPUS  ANTISCORBUTICUS 


and  fruit  are  bitter  and  somewhat  acrid, 
and  have  been  used  as  a  tonic  and  antiperiodic. 

S YR1NGE, Syr'inx,  Syrin'ga,  Sipho,  Siphun'- 
talus,  (F.)  Seringue,  from  av^iyi,  'a  pipe.'  A 
familiar  apparatus  through  which  any  liquor  is 
squirted. 

Various  forms  of  syringe  are  used  in  medi- 
cine and  surgery. 

SYRINGITIS  EUSTA'CHII,  Inflammation 
of  the  Eustachian  tube. 

SYRINGMOS,  Tinnitus  aurium. 

S YRLVGOTOME,Syringot'omus, from  av£ iyz, 
'a  pipe,'  'a  fistula,'  and  ts/zveiv,  'to  cut.' 
A  surgical  instrument,  formerly  used  in  the 
operation  for  fistula  in  ano.  It  is  a  bistouri, 
concave  at  its  edge,  and  terminated  by  a  long, 
flexible,  probe-pointed  stylet.  This  stylet  or 
probe  was  first  introduced  by  the  external  open- 
ing of  the  fistula  into  the  rectum,  whence  it 
was  drawn  externally  through  the  anus,  carry- 
ing with  it  the  cutting  edge  of  the  instrument, 
•which  divided  the  intermediate  parts.  The 
operation  for  fistula  in  ano  has  been  called 
Syrinsotomy. 

SYRINGTOM'IA,  Same  etymon  as  the  last. 
The  operation  for  fistula  in  ano  by  incision. 

SYRINX,  Fistula,  Syringe— s.  Hiera,  Verte- 
bral column. 

SYRMAIS'MOS,  from  cv^-iiCu,  'I evacuate.' 
A  gentle  evacuation  by  vomiting  or  stool. 

SYROP,  Syrup — s.  d'Ail,  Syrupus  allii — s. 
d'Arrnoise  compose,  Syrupus  aromaticus — s.  de 
Chicoree  compose' ,  Syrupus  de  chicorio  com- 
positus — s.  dcs  Cinq  rucincs,  Syrupus  e  quinque 
radicibus — 5.  de  Cuisinier,  Syrupus  de  sarsapa- 
rilia  et  senna  compositus — s.  d  Ether,  Syrupus 
cum  jethere  sulphurico  paratus — s.  de  Gingem- 
bre,  Syrupus  zingiberis— s.  de  Guimauve,  Sy- 
rupus althceae — s.  de  Longue  vie,  Melliturrf  de 
mercuriali  compositum — s.  dc  Mercure,  Syrupus 
de  mercurio  mediante  gummi — s.  de  Mures, 
Syrupus  mori—  s.  de  Nerprun,  Syrupus  rhamni 
— s.  de  Pavots  b lanes,  Syrupus  papaveris — s. 
de  Pommes  compose,  see  Syrupus  senna? — s.  de 
Quinquina  avec  le  Vin,  Syrupus  de  kina  kina 
cum  vino — s.  de  Roses  Pales,  Syrupus  rosae — s. 
de  Roses  rouges,  Syrupus  rosae — s.  de  Vinaigre, 
S.  aceti. 

SYRUP,  Syru'pus,  Sera'pium,  Syrop,  Syrup; 
derived,  according  to  some,  from  trv^io,  'I  draw,' 
and  o/roj,  'juice;'  but  more  probably,  from  the 
Arabic,  Siruph,  Sirab  or  Sckarub,  which  signi- 
fies 'a  potion.'  A  saturated  solution  of  sugar 
in  water,  either  simply,  or  united  with  some 
■vegetable  or  other  principle.  Syrups,  in  gene- 
ral, require  two  pounds  of  sugar  to  the  pint, 
and  they  are  judged  to  be  sufficiently  boiled 
when  a  portion,  taken  up  in  a  spoon,  pours  like 
oil.  In  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States, 
(1842,)  it  is  directed,  that  syrups,  whose  den- 
sity is  not  precisely  determined  by  the  process, 
should  have  the  S.  G.  1.261,  when  boiling,  and 
of  about  1.3H)  at  ordinary  temperatures.  Syrups 
should  be  kept  in  small  bottles  in  a  cool  place. 
They  are  chiefly  used  to  render  medicines 
palatable. 

Syrup,  see  Syrupus — s.  of  Almonds,  Syrupus 
amygdala? — s.  Antiscorbutic,  Syrupus  antiscor- 
buticus — s.  of  Buckthorn,  Syrupus  rhamni — s. 
of  Capillaire,  common,  Syrupus  simplex — s.  of 
Cinchona  with  wine,  Syrupus  de  kina  kina 
cum  vino — s.  of  (/love  July  flower,  Syrupus 
caryophylli  rubri— s.  of  Clove  pinks,  Syrupus 


caryophylli  rubri — s.  of  Ether,  Syrupus  cum 
cethere  sulphurico  paratus — s.  of  Five  roots, 
Syrupus  ,e  quinque  radicibus — s.  of  Garlick, 
Syrupus  allii — s.  of  Ginger,  Syrupus  zingiberis 
— s.  Hive,  Syrupus  scillce  compositus — s.  of 
Honey,  Mellitum  simplex — s.  of  Ipecacuanha, 
Syrupus  ipecacuanha; — s.  of  Lemon,  Syrupus 
limonis — s.  of  Marshmallows,  Syrupus  altliaxc 
— s.  of  Meadow  saffron,  Syrupus  colcliici  au- 
tumnalis — s.  of  Mugwort,  compound,  Syrupus 
aromaticus — s.  of  Mulberries,  Syrupus  mori — 
s.  of  Orange  juice,  see  Syrupus  aurantii — s.  of 
Orange  peel,  Syrupus  aromaticus — s.  of  Orgeat, 
Syrupus  amygdala:  —  s.  of  Poppies,  Syrupus 
papaveris— s.  of  Poppy,  red,  Syrupus  rhosados — 
s.  of  Rhatany,  Syrupus  kramerioe — s.  of  Rhu- 
barb, Syrupus  rhej — s.  of  Rhubarb,  aromatic, 
Syrupus  rhei  aromaticus — s.  of  Rhubarb,  spiced, 
Syrupus  rhej  aromaticus — s.  of  Saffron,  Syru- 
pus croci — s.  of  Squills,  Syrupus  scillas — s.  of 
Squill,  compound,  Syrupus  scillas  compositus — 
s.  of  Succory,  compound,  Syrupus  de  cichorio 
compositus — s.  of  Tolu,  Syrupus  tolutanus — s. 
of  Vinegar,  Syrupus  aceli — s.  of  Violets,  Syru- 
pus violas. 

SYRUPUS,  S.  simplex— s.  Acidi  acetosi,  S. 
aceti. 

Syrupus  Ace'ti,  S.  Ad'idi  Aceto'si,  Syrup  of 
Vinegar,  (F.)  Syrop  de  Vinaigre.  {Aceti  Oiiss, 
saccli.  purif.  tbiiiss.  Boil  to  form  a  syrup.  Ph. 
E.)     It  is  refrigerant  and  antiseptic.     Dose,  f. 

35  to  f  3'J- 

Syrupus  cum  JE'there  Sclphu'rico  Para'- 
tus,  Syrup  of  Ether,  (F.)  Syrop  d 'ether.  (Very 
pure  sugar,  1000  p.;  distilled  icater,  500  p.;  dis- 
solve in  the  cold,  and  strain;  add  sulphuric 
ether,  48  p.  Shake  for  five  or  six  days,  and 
draw  off  the  limpid  syrup,  Ph.  L.)  Properties 
like  those  of  ether. 

Syrupus  Allii,  Syrup  of  Garlic,  (F.)  Syrop 
d'ail.  (Allii  concis.  gvj,  acet.  distillat.  Oj,  sac- 
char.  Ibij.  Macerate  the  garlic  in  the  vinegar, 
in  a  glass  vessel  for  four  days;  then  express 
the  liquor  and  set  it  by,  that  the  dregs  may 
subside;  lastly,  add  the  sugar  to  the  clear  liquor, 
and  proceed  in  the  manner  directed  for  syrup. 
Ph  U.  S.)  Use,  same  as  that  of  garlic.  Dose, 
f.gjtof.  giv. 

Syiiupus  Alth^'^;,  Syrup  of  Marshmnllow, 
Syrupus  ex  Althaea,  S.  de  Althsea,  S.  Althscx  offi- 
cina'lis,  (F.)  Syrop  de  Guimauve.  (Althxx  rail, 
recent,  cont.  lbss.  sacch.  pur.  Ibij.ai/UceOiv.  Boil 
the  root  in  the  water  to  one-half;  and  press  out 
the  liquor;  when  cold,  defecate;  add  the  sugar, 
and  boil.  Ph.  L.)  Emollient  and  demulcent. 
Dose,  f.  gj  to  f.  3'iij. 

Syrupus  Amomi  Zingiberis,  S.  zingiberis — 
s.  Anticausoticus,  see  Anticausodic. 

Syrupus  Amyg'dal^;,  Syrup  of  Almonds, 
Syrup  of  Orgeat,  Orgeat.  (Amygdal.  dulc.  Ibj, 
amygdal.  amar.  §tv,  aqua;  Oiij,  sacchar.  Ibvj. 
Blanch  the  almonds,  and  rub  them  in  a  mortar 
to  a  very  fine  paste,  adding,  during  the  tritura- 
tion, three  fluidounces  of  the  water,  and  a 
pound  of  the  sugar.  Mix  the  paste  thoroughly 
with  the  remainder  of  the  water;  strain  with 
strong  expression;  add  the  remainder  of  the 
sugar  to  the  strained  liquor,  and  dissolve  it 
with  the  aid  of  a  gentle  heat.  Strain  the  syrup 
through  fine  linen,  and  having  allowed  it  to  cool 
put  it  into  bottles,  which  must  be  well  stopped, 
and  kept  in  a  cool  place.     Ph.  U.  S.) 

Syrupus  Antiscorbu'ticus,  <S.  de  Armora'- 


SYRUEUS  AR0MAT1CUS 


727        SYRUP  US  MORPHLE  ACETATIS 


cia  compos' it  us.  Antiscorbu' tic  Syrup.  (Leaves  of  i  with  gentle  expression.     To  the  strained  fluid 


wchledria,  buckbean,  water-er esses,  horse-radish 

root  and  bitter  oranges,  each  Ibj,  cinnamon  §iss. 
Cut,  and  pour  on  white  icine  lbiv.  Macerate  for 
two  days;  distil  over  Oj  in  a  sand  bath;  add  to 
this  of  su«w  lbij,  and  form  a  syrup.  Again,  take 
what  remains  in  the  cucurbit;  pass  it  through 
cloth;  let  it  rest;  decant,  and  add  sugar  Ibij; 
make  into  a  syrup,  and  clarify  with  white  of 
egg.  Mix  it  with  the  first  while  yet  warm. 
Ph.  P.)  Antiscorbutic,  alterative,  tonic,  sto- 
machic, &c.     Dose,  f.  gij  to  f.  gij. 

Syrcpcs  Aromat'icus,  S.  de  Artemis'ia  com- 
post tus,  Compound  Syrup  of ' Mugwort,  (F.)  Syrop 
d'armoise  compose.  (Tops  of  artemisia  vulgaris, 
in  flower.  §vj,  inula  root,  ligusticum  levisticum, 
and  fennel]  each  gss,  pennyroyal,  catmint,  sacine 
leaves,  each  §vj,  marjoram,  hyssop,  pyrethrum, 
rue,  basil,  each  §iij,  aniseed  and  cinnamon,  each 
2ix;  bruise,  and  macerate  in  hydromel  Ibxviij  ; 
distil  over  Oss;  add  to  this  a  pound  of  sugar. 
A<rain,  take  the  liquid  that  remains  in  the  cu- 
curbit, stiain  it  gently;  add  sugar  lbiv.  Then 
mix  the  two.  Ph.  P.)  Tonic, emmenagogue,  ifce. 
Syrupcs  de  Armoracia  Compositus,  S.  an- 
tiscoibuticus — s.  de  Artemisia  compositus,  S. 
antiscorbuticus. 

Syrcpus  Asparagi,  see  Asparagus — s.  Bal- 
samicus,  S.  tolutanus. 

Syrcpus  Acran'tii,  S.  Aurantio'rum,  S.  Citri 
Aurantii,  S.  Cor'ticis  Aurantii,  S.  Aurantii  Cor- 
ticis,  (Ph.  U.  S.)  S.  e  Cortid'ibus  Aurantio'rum, 
S.  de  Curtice  Aurantio'rum,  Syrup  of  Orange 
peel.  (Atirunt.  cort.  cont.  gij,  aq.ferv.  Oj,  sacch. 
pur.  BSijss.  Macerate  the  peel  in  the  water  for 
12  hours.  Add  the  sugar.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Sto- 
machic.   Dose,  f.  3j  to  f.  gij. 

A  Syrup  of  Orange  Juice,  Orange  Sherbet,  Sy- 
rupus  e  succo  Aurantiorum,  may  be  made  by 
adding  white  sugar  Ibij  to  Ibj  of  the  juice  of 
oranges,  strained  and  clarified. 

Syrcpus  Caryophyl'li  Rcbri,  S.  Dianthi 
Caryophylli,  Syrup  of  Clove  July  Flower,  Syrup 
of  Clove  Pinks,  Syrvpus  infusio' nis  ftorum  ea.ru- 
ophyllo'iurn.  (Pelalorum  dianth.,  caryoph.  recent 
unguibus  resectis  Ibj,  aquae  bull.  Oiv,  sacch.  purif. 
Ibrfj.     Ph.  E)     Aromatic. 

Syrupus  Cassia  Senn.£,  S.  sennae. 
Syrupcs  de  Cicho'rio  Compos'itcs,  &  de 
Rheo.  Compound  Syrup  of  Succory,  (J.)  Syrop 
de  chicoree  compose.  (Root  of  succory,  gvj,  leaves 
of  succory  ,^ix,  leaves  of  fumitory  and  scolopen- 
drium,  each  giij,  Alkckengi  berries  g'j-  Boil  in 
water  Oxiv  to  Oxij:  pass  through  cloth,  and 
dissolve  it  in  white  sugar  B5v.  Boil  till  it  has 
the  consistence  of  syrup.  Again,  take  water 
Oviij,  rhubarb  gvj,  yellow  sunders  and  cinnamon, 
each  Sss.  Infuse  for  twenty-four  hours;  pass 
through  linen,  and  add  the  preceding  syrup. 
Ph.l\)     It  is  laxative  and  stomachic.     Dose, 

f.  zj  to  f.  5ss.  „         «   _,     i_-   « 

Syrcpus   Cinchona    ccm  Vino,  S.  de  kinu 

kinii  cum  vino.  <•>-,•« 

Syrupus    Cinchona,   Syrup  of   Cinchoma. 

(Simple  sump  one  pound;  sulphate  of  cinchoma 

nine  grams.     Mix.)      Six   spoonfuls   are   com- 

monly  sufficient  to  arrest  an  intermittent. 

Syrupus  Citri  Aurantii,  S.  aromat.cus 

Syrupus  Coi/chici  Autumna  lw,-S.  Colchici, 


Sump  of  Mt  "'low  Saffron.  (Had. colcli.  autumn. 
recent.  Si,  ucidi  acetosi  f.  gxvi,  sacch.  pur.  5xxvj. 
Macerate  the  root  in  the  vinegar  for  two  days, 
occasionally  shaking   the   vessel;  then  strain, 


add  the  sugar,  and  boil  to  a  syrup.  Ph.  E.) 
Diuretic,  antiarthritic.  Dose,  f.  gj  to  f.  gss,  or 
more. 

Syrupus  Corticis  Aurantii,  S.  aromaticus 
— s.  Citri  medical,  S.  limonum  —  s.  e  Succo 
citronum,  S.  limonum. 

SYnupus  Crogi,  Syrup  of  Saffron.  (Croci 
stigmat.  5j,  aqux  fervent.  Oj,  sacch.  purif.  tbiiss. 
Ph.  L.)    Cardiac.     Chiefly  used  for  colour. 

Syrupus  Dianthi  Caryophylli,  S.  caryo- 
phylli rubri. 

Syrupus  Emeti'n.^,  Syrup  of  Em'etine.  (Sim- 
pie  syrup  Ibj,  emetine  16  gr.  M.)  In  small  doses, 
expectorant;  and  in  large,  emetic. 

Syrcpcs  Empyrecmaticcs,  Melasses — s.  Hy- 
drargyri,  Syrupus  de  mercurio  mediante  gum- 
mi — s.  Infusionis  florum  caryophyllorum,  Syru- 
pus caryophylli  rubri. 

SyrcpcsIpecaccan'hje,  Syrup  of  Ipecacuanha. 
(Ipecac,  in  pulv.  crass.  §j,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oj, 
syrup.  Oij.  Macerate  the  ipecacuanha  in  the 
alcohol  for  14  days,  and  filter.  Evaporate  the 
filtered  liquor  to  two  fluidounces,  and  again 
filter;  then  mix  it  with  the  syrup,  and  evapo- 
rate by  a  water  bath  to  a  proper  consistence. 
Ph.  U.  S.)  It  may  also  be  prepared  by  dis- 
placement. 

Syrcpcs  de  J  alap' 'pa,  Syrup  of  Jalap.  (Pulv. 
Jalaprc  £x,  scm.  coriandr .,  faznicul.  dale,  aa  5Jss, 
aqua:  f  £  xijss.  saecA.  ^sxv,  f.  syrupus.  Ph.  P.) 
Cathartic.     Dose,  f.  gij,  to  f.  ijss  for  children. 

Syrcpcs  de  Kina  Kina  cum  Vino,  S.  Cin- 
cho'nai  cum  vino,  Syrup  of  Cinchona  with  wine, 
(F.)  Syrop  de  quinquina  avec  le  vin.  (Cort.  cin- 
zhonm  officinalis  gij,  ext.  cinchona;  gvj,  vim,  albi 
(Yin.  Lunel.  vel  cujusvis  et  similis,)  Oj,  alcohol 
(S.  G.  .9b5,  to  .915,)  f.  gj,  sacchar.  alb.  Ibiss. 
Bruise  the  cinchona;  gradually  add  the  alcohol, 
so  as  to  form  a  soft  mass;  pour  on  the  wine; 
macerate  for  two  days,  and  strain.  Dissolve  the 
extract,  add  the  sugar,  and  make  a  syrup.  PA. 
P.)     Dose,  f.  gss  to  f.  i|j. 

Syrcpus  Krame'ri/e,  Syrup  of  Rhat'any. 
(Ext.  Kramer.  §ij,  aquae  Oj,  sacchar.  ibijss.  Dis- 
solve the  extract  in  the  water,  and  filter;  then 
add  the  sugar,  and  form  into  syrup.  Ph.  U.  S.) 
An  adjunct  to  astringent  mixtures;  or  given  in 
diarrhoea, — a  teaspoonful  to  a  child. 

Syrupcs  Limonis,  S.  limonum — s.  Succi  li- 
monis,  S.  limonum. 

Syrcpcs  Limo'ncm,  S.  limonis,  S.  citri  med'- 
icse,  S.  e  succo  citro'num,  S.  e  succo  limo'num,  S. 
succi  lima' nis,  Syrup  of  Lemon,  Lemon  Syrup. 
(Limon  succ.  colat.  Oj,  sacchar.  pur.  Ibij.)  Cool- 
ing, antiseptic. 

Syrcpus  eMeconio,S. papaveris — s.deMelle, 
Mellitum  simplex— s.e  Succo  mororum,S.  mori. 
Syrupcs  de  Mercu'rio  Median'te  Gummi, 
Mcrcu'rius  gumma' sus  Plenck'ii,  Syrupus  Hij- 
drar'gyri,  (F.)  Syrop  de  mercure,  ou  Met  cure 
gommeux  de  Plenck.  (Hydrargyri  pur.  Jjj,  p. 
gumm.  acacias,  giij,  syrup  diacod.  gss.  Rub  to- 
gether till  the  mercury  is  extinguished.  Ph.  P.) 
Possesses  the  properties  of  the  blue  pill.  Dose, 
gr.  ij  to  viij.  or  more. 

Syrcpcs  Mori,  S.  e  succo  moro'rum,  S.  succi 
mori,  Syrup  of  Mu I' berries,  (F.)  Syrop  de  mures. 
(Mori  succ  colat.  Oj,  sacchar. purif.  Ibij.  Ph.  L.) 
Gratefully  refrigerant. 

Sykupus  Morph'ije  Aceta'tis,  Syrup  of  ace- 
tate of  morphia.  (Syrup,  one  pint,  acetate  of 
morphia,  gr.   iv.)     Dose,  two  tea-spoonfuls,  as 


SYRUPUS  MORPHLE  SULPHATIS      723      SYRUPUS  SCILL.E  COMPOSITUS 


an  opiate.    It  is  about  the  strength  of  the  same 
quantity  of  syrup  of  poppies. 

Syrupus  Morphine  Sulpha'tis  is  made  in 
the  same  way. 

Syrupus  Papav'eris,  S.  papaveris  somnif'eri, 
S.  papaveris  aLbi,  S.  e.  mcco'nio,  S.  de  meconio, 
Diaco'dion,  Syrup  of  poppies,  (F.)  Syrop  de  pa- 
vots  blancs  ou  diacode.  (Papav.  capsul.  exsiccat. 
et  contus.  exemptis  seminibus,  §xiv,  sacch.  pur. 
ibij,  aq.  fervent,  cong.  ijss.  Macerate  the  cap- 
sules in  water,  for  12  hours;  boil  to  a  gallon, 
and  express  strongly.  Boil  the  liquor  to  Oij  ; 
and  strain  while  hot.  Defecate  by  rest,  and 
boil  to  Oj,  adding  the  sugar  so  as  to  form  a  sy- 
rup. Ph.  L.)  One  ounce  contains  about  one 
grain  of  opium.     Anodyne  and  demulcent. 

The  Dublin  college  has  a  Syrupus  Opu,  called 
Common  St/rup  of  Poppies,  which  is  made  by 
dissolving  18  grains  of  the  Watery  Extract  of 
Opium  in  18  ounces  of  boiling  water.  Proper- 
ties, those  of  opium  and  syrup. 

Syrupus  de  Papavere  Erratico,  S.  rhcea- 
dos — s.  de  Fomis  compositus,  see  S.  senna?. 

Syrupus  Qui'nite,  Syrup  of  Quinia.  (Simple 
syrup,  2  pints,  sulphate  of  quinia,  64  grains.) 
Six  spoonsfuls  are  commonly  sufficient  to  arrest 
an  intermittent. 

SYnupus  e  Quinque  Radi'cibus,  Syrup  of 
five  roots,  (F.)  Syrop  des  cinq  racines.  (Rad. 
apii,faznicuU,  apii  petroselini,  aa  §v.  Infuse  for 
24  hours  in  boiling  water  Oiiss,  and  strain.  Rad. 
asparag.,  rusci  aculeali,  aa  3 v.  Aqux.  Ovij.  Roil 
and  reduce  to  half ;  adding,  towards  the  end,  the 
residue  of  the  preceding  infusion.  Boil  again  for 
some  minutes;  strain,  and  add  white  sugar  Bbvj. 
Ph.  P.)  Aperient  and  diuretic.  Used  in  obstruc- 
tions of  the  liver,  spleen,  and  mesentery;  and 
in  dropsy,  &c.     Dose,  f.  §ss  to  f.  §j,  or  more. 

Syrupus  Rhamni,  S.  rhamni  cathar'tici,  S.  de 
spina  cervind,  S.  spina,  ccrvi'na,  Syrup  of  Buck- 
thorn, (F.)  Syrop  de  nerprun.  (Rhamn.  baccar. 
succ.  recent.  Oiv,  zingib.  rad.  concis.,  pimento; 
bacc.  contrit.,  aa.  ^ss,  sacch.  purif.  Ibiiiss.  Defe- 
cate the  juice  for  o  days,  and  strain.  To  a  pint 
of  this,  add  the  ginger  and  pimento;  macerate 
for  4  hours  and  strain;  boil  what  remains  to 
Oiss.  Mix  the  liquors  and  add  sugar,  so  as  to 
form  a  syrup.  Ph.  L.)  Cathartic,  but  apt  to 
gripe.     Dose,  f.  £iv  to  f.  sjij. 

Syrupus  Rhej,  Syrup  of  Rhubarb.  (Rhej, 
conl.  §ij ;  Aqua:  bul/ientis  Oj ;  Sacchar.  Ibij.  Ma- 
cerate the  rhubarb  in  the  water  for  24  hours, 
and  strain:  add  the  sugar,  and  form  into  syrup. 
Ph.  U.  S.)  Dose  to  a  child,  as  a  laxative,  one 
or  two  teaspoonfuls. 

Syrupus  Rhej  Aromat'icus,  Aromatic  St/rup 
of  Rhubarb,  Spiced  Syrup  of  Rhubarb.  (Rhej, 
cont.  giiss;  Caryophyll.  cont.;  Cinnam.  cont. 
aa  §ss;  Myrist.  cont.  gij;  Alcohol,  dilut.  Oij; 
Syrup  Ovj.  Macerate  the  rhubarb  and  aroma- 
tics  in  the  diluted  alcohol  for  14  days,  and 
strain;  then,  by  means  of  a  water  bath,  evapo- 
rate the  liquor  to  a  pint,  and  while  still  hot,  mix 
it  in  the  syrup  previously  heated. —  Ph.  U.  S.) 
It  may  also  be  made  by  the  process  of  displace- 
ment. 

The  aromatic  syrup  of  rhubarb  is  a  gentle 
carminative  cathartic.  Dose  to  a  child,  f.  £j; 
to  an  adult,  f.  ^j. 

Syrupus  de  Rheo,  Syrupus  de  Cichorio  com- 
posito. 

Syrupus  Rhceados,  S.  de  papav'erS  errat'ico, 
S.  papaveris  erratici,  Syrup  of  Red  Poppy,  (F.) 


Syrop  de  coquelicot.  (Rlinsad.  petal  recent,  fbj, 
aq.  fervent,  f.  3 x v i i j ,  sacch.  purif.  lbiiss.  To  the 
water,  heated  in  a  water  bath,  add  the  petals. 
Remove  the  vessel;  macerate  for  12  hours;  ex- 
press; defecate  and  add  sugar  to  form  a  syrup. 
Ph.  L.)     Chiefly  used  to  give  colour. 

A  factitious  syrup  is  often  made  of  aloes  dis- 
solved in  simple  syrup. 

Syrupus  Rosje,  Syrupus  rosarum  soluti'vus, 
S.  e  rosis  siccis,  S.  rosa  centifo'/ia:,  S.  rosa'ceus 
soluti'vus,  Syrup  of  Roses,  (F.)  Syrop  de  roses 
pales,  (Rnsai  centif.  petal,  exsicc.  §vij,  sacch, 
purif.  Ibvj,  aq.  fervent.  Oiv.  Macerate  the  petals 
for  12  hours.  Evaporate  the  strained  liquor  to 
lbiiss.  Add  the  sugar.  Ph.  L.)  Gently  laxa- 
tive.    Dose,  f.  gij  to  f.  §iss  or  more. 

Syrupus  Rosje  Gai/lic^,  Syrup  of  Red  Roses, 
(F.)  Syrop  de  roses  rouges.  (Rosa;  Gallic,  petal 
exsicc.  §vij,  aqua:  bull.  Ov,  sacch.  purif.  ftjyj ; 
prepared  like  the  last.  Ph.  E.)  Mildly  astrin- 
gent.    Added  to  stomachic  infusions. 

Syrupus  Sarsaparil'lje,  Syrup  of  Sarsaparil- 
h.  Rad.  Sarsap.  cont.  Ibj,  aqua;  bullient.  cong., 
sacch.  purif.  By.  Macerate  the  root  for  24  hours; 
boil  to  Oiv.  Strain  while  hot;  add  the  sugar, 
and  boil.  Ph.  L.)  Used  in  the  same  cases  as 
the  root.     Dose,  f.  ^j,  to  f.  ^iv,  and  more. 

Syrupus  de  Sarsaparill'a  et  Senna  Com- 
pos'itus,  Compound  Syrup  of  Sarsaparitla  and 
Senna.  (F.)  Syrop  de  cuisinier.  (Rad.  Sarsap. 
concis.  ftjij.  Infuse  for  24  hours  in  warm  water 
Oxij;  boil  for  a  quarter  of  an  hour;  pass  with 
expression,  and  boil  again  the  residuum  in  Ox 
of  water.  Reduce  this  to  Ovj,  and  repeat  the 
operation  2  or  3  times.  Mix  all  the  liquors  and 
boil  them  together  with  flowers  of  borage,  white 
roses,  senna  leaves  and  aniseed,  each  ^ij;  re- 
duce to  half,  pass,  and  add  honey^bVy  Boil  to  a 
syrup.  Ph.  P.)  It  is  considered  to  be  alterant, 
depurative,  and  sudorific.     Dose,  f.  £ss,  to  f.  gij. 

A  similar  syrup,  under  the  name  Syrupus 
Sarsaparill'^:  Compos'itus,  Compound  Syrup 
of  Sarsaparitla,  is  directed  in  the  Pharmaco- 
poeia of  the  United  States,  (1842.)  (Sarsaparill. 
cont.  Ibij;  Lign.  guaiac.  rasur.  §iij  ;  Rosx  centi- 
fol.,  Sennas,  Rad.  Glycyrrhiz.  cont.  aa.  5ij;  01. 
Sassafras;  01.  Anisi,  aa  m.  v.;  01.  Gaultherix 
m.  iij;  Alcohol,  dilut.  Ox.  Sacchar.  ibviij.  Mace- 
rate the  sarsaparilla,  guaiacum  wood,  roses, 
senna,  and  liquorice  root  in  the  diluted  alcohol 
for  14  days;  express  and  filter.  Evaporate  the 
tincture  in  a  warm  bath  to  four  pints;  filter,  add 
the  sugar,  and  form  into  syrup.  Lastly,  having 
rubbed  the  oils  with  a  small  quantity  of  the 
syrup,  mix  them  thoroughly  with  the  remain- 
der.   Ph.  U.  S.) 

It  may  also  be  made  by  the  process  of  dis- 
placement. 

Syrupus  de  Scammo'nio,  Syrup  of  Scammony. 
(Pulv.  Scammon.  ^ss,  sacch.  alb-  giv,  alcohol, 
(S.  G.  .985  to  .915)  f.  Sviij.  Heat  the  mixture 
moderately;  then  set  fire  to  the  alcohol  with  a 
lighted  taper;  agitate  constantly, until  the  flame 
is  extinguished.  Suffer  it  to  cool;  pass  through 
cloth,  and  add  Syrup  of  Violets,  f.  §iv.  Ph.  P.) 
3J  contains  18  grains  of  scammony.  Dose,  f.  ^j 
to  f.  ^ss. 

Syrupus  Scill«,  S.  scillit'icus,  S.  scMee  ma- 
rit'imx.  Syrup  of  Squills.  (Acet.  scillx  Oj.  sacch. 
pur.  Ibij.)  Diuretic,  expectorant,  and  emetic. 
Used  in  the  same  cases  as  the  oxymel. 

Syrupus  Scillx  Compos'itus,  Mel  Scillx 
Compos'ilum,  Compound  Honey  of  Squill,  Com- 


SYRUPUS  SENEGA 


729 


SYSTOLIC 


pound  Syrup  of  Squill,  Hive  Syrup.  (Scillae 
cont.;  Scncgse  cont.  aagiv;  Antim.  el  Potassce 
Tart.  gr.  xlviij  ;  Aqua  Oi  v ;  Sar.dtar.  Ibiiiss.  Pour 
the  water  upon  the  squill  and  seneka,  and, 
having  boiled  to  one  half,  strain  and  add  the 
sugar.  Then  evaporate  to  three  pints,  and 
while  the  syrup  is  still  hot,  dissolve  in  it  the 
tartrate  of  antimony  and  potassa. — Ph.  V.  S.) 

It  may  also  be  made  by  the  process  of  dis- 
placement. 

It  is  often  given  as  an  emetic  in  cases  of 
croup,  and  in  catarrh,  especially  in  children. 
Dose,  to  infants,  10  drops  to  a  drachm,  repeated 
every  15  minutes  if  vomiting  be  desirable. 

Syrupus  Sen'ec;  je,  Syrup  of  Seneka.  (Senega 
cont.  §iv;  Aquae  Oj;  Sacchar.  tbj.  Boil  the 
water  with  the  seneka  to  one  half,  and  strain  : 
then  add  the  sugar,  and  form  into  syrup.  Ph. 
V.  S.) 

It  may  also  be  formed  by  the  process  of  dis- 
placement. 

This  is  a  favourite  stimulant  expectorant  (?) 
with  many  practitioners.     Dose,  f.  gj  or  f.  gij. 

Svrupus  SenNjB,  S.  cassia  senna,  Syrup  of 
Senna,  (Senna  !|ij,  sem.  fanicul.  cont.  §j,  sacch. 
pur.  §xv,  aquas  ferv.  Oj.  Macerate  the  senna 
leaves  and  fennel  seeds  with  a  gentle  heat  for 
an  hour.  Strain;  add  the  sugar,  and  make  into 
a  syrup. — Ph.  U.  S.)  Cathartic.  Dose  f.  gij  to 
f.  ziss  or  more. 

The  Parisian  Codex  has  a  Syrupus  de  Sennd 
of  a  compound  character,  called  Syi-upus  de 
pomis  compos'itus,  Syrop  de  pommes  compose. 
It  contains,  also,  borage,  bugloss,  &c.  Dose, 
f.  §ss  to  f.  §ij. 

Syrupus  Simplex,  Syrupus  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Li- 
qua'rium.  Simple  syrup,  Common  syrup  of  ca- 
pillaire.  (Sacch.  purif.  Siiss,  aquae,  Oj.  Dis- 
solve the  sugar;  set  aside  for  2i  hours;  remove 
the  scum,  and  pour  off  the  clear  liquid.)  Used  to 
cover  nauseous  tastes,  &c. 

Syrupus  de  Spina  Ckrvina,  Syrupus  rhamni 
— s.  de  Sloechade  communis,  see  Lavendula. 

Syrupus  Toluta'nus,  S.  Toluta'ni,  S.  toluif- 
erse  bal'sami,  S.  balsam'icus,  Balsam'ic  syrup,  Sy- 
rup of  tola.  (Tinct.  Tolut.  f.  gj;  Syrup.  Oiss. 
Mix  the  tincture  with  the  syrup,  and,  by  means 
of  a  water  bath,  evaporate  to  the  proper  con- 
sistence.—PA.  U.  S.)     Use.    To  give  flavour. 

Syrupus  Vi'ol;e,  S.  violse  odora'tas,  S.  viola'- 
rum,  S.  e.  succo  viola'rum,  Syrup  of  Violets.  (Flor. 
recent,  viol,  odorat.  Ibij.  aq.  bull.  Oviij,  sacch.  pur. 
fexv.  Macerate,  in  a  covered  vessel,  for  24 
hours;  pass,  without  expression,  through  linen; 
add  the  sugar  so  as  to  form  a  syrup.  Ph.  E.) 
Very  gently  laxative.     Dose,  f.  gj.  to  f.  gij. 

Syrupus  e  Succo  Violarum,  S.  viola?. 

Syrupus  Zingib'ekis,  S.  amo'mi  zingiber  is, 
Syrup  of  Ginger,  (F.)  Syrop  de  gingembre. 
Tinct.  Zingib.'i.  §iv;  Syrup,  cong.  Mix  the 
tincture  with  the  syrup,  and,  by  means  of  a 
water-bath,  evaporate  to  the  proper  consist- 
ence.— Ph.  U.  S.)  To  the  strained  liquor  add 
the  sutrar,  and  form  a  syrup. 

N.  B.  The  Parisian  Codex  contains  a  few 
other  compound  syrups  besides  those  enume- 
rated, amongst  these  is  a  Syrup  of  calfs  lungs, 
47 


Syrupus  e  pulmon'ibus  vituli'nis,  Syrop  de  mou 
de  vc.au,  as  an  expectorant! ! 

These  syrups  are  made  according  to  the 
usual  rule,  and  possess  the  virtues  of=the  sub- 
stances after  which  they  are  named. 

SYSPA'SIA,  from  a-va-rcaoi,  (<rw,  and  a-rcaw, 
'  I  draw,')  '  I  contract.'  Clonic  spasm,  with  di- 
minished sensibility  and  inability  of  utterance. 
A  genus  in  Good's  Nosology,  which  includes 
convulsion,  epilepsy,  and  hysteria. 

Syspasia  Convulsio,  Convulsion — s.  Epilep- 
sia, Epilepsy — s.  Hysteria,  Hysteria. 

SYSSARCO'SIS,  from  <nv, '  with,'  and  o-*ef, 
'flesh.'  Commissu'raossium  car'nea,Syrnph'ysis 
ossium  muscula'ris,  Connexio  ossium  corno'sa, 
Carna'tio.  Union  of  bones  by  means  of  mus- 
cles; such  as  the  union  of  the  os  hyoides  with 
the  lower  jaw,  of  the  scapula  with  the  ribs,  &c. 

SYSTAL'TIC,  Systal'ticus;  from  a-va-xMia, 
(aw,  and  (TTiXlu),)  'I  contract.'  A  systaltic  mo- 
tion in  a  part  is  one  in  which  there  is  alternate 
contraction  and  dilatation.     See  Systole. 

SYSTAT'ICA,  from  a-wiarrjui,  (aw,  and 
tOTTjfii,  '  I  place,')  'I  associate.'  Diseases  affect- 
ing several  or  all  the  sensorial  powers  simulta- 
neously ;  irritation  or  inertness  of  mind,  extend- 
ing to  the  muscles,  or  external  senses;  or  of  the 
muscles,  or  external  senses,  extending  to  the 
mind: — the  4th  order,  class  Neurotica,  of  Good. 

SYSTEM,  Syste'ma,  from  aw, '  together,'  and 
tarn  ft  i,  'I  place.'  This  word,  taken  in  a  good 
sense,  means  the  collection  and  arrangement  of 
different  matters  having  an  analogy  to  each 
other,  or  working  towards  the  same  end.  In 
natural  history,  it  means  a  methodical  arrange- 
ment of  beings  for  the  purpose  of  facilitating 
their  study.  System  is,  however,  sometimes 
used  in  an  unfavourable  sense  in  physical  sci- 
ence, and  often  means, — a  purely  gratuitous 
supposition,  by  which  the  march  of  nature  is 
attempted  to  be  universally  explained,  and  to 
which  every  thing  is  made  to  bend.  In  anato- 
my, system  is  an  assemblage  of  organs,  com- 
posed of  the  same  tissues,  and  intended  for  si- 
milar functions;  for  instance,  the  nervous  sys- 
tem, muscular  system,  &c. 

SYS'TEMATISM.  A  method,  according  to 
which  every  fact  of  a  science  is  collected  around 
an  opinion,  true  or  false.  One  who  reduces 
things  to  such  a  method  is  called  a  Syslcmatist. 

SYST&ME  VJISCULMREA  SjUVG  N01R, 
see  Vascular — 5.  Vasculaire  a  sang  rouge,  see 
Vascular. 

SYSTEMIC.  Belonging  to  the  general  sys- 
tem— as  'systemic  circulation'  in  contradistinc- 
tion to  the  '  pulmonic' 

SYS'TOLE.  Same  etymon  as  Systaltic, 
(q.  v.)  Constric' tio,  Contrac'tio  seu  Angusta'- 
tio  seu  Submissio  seu  Mica'tio  cordis.  The 
movement  of  constriction  or  contraction  (q.  v.) 
of  the  heart,  to  give  impulse  to  the  blood,  or  to 
cause  its  progression.  It  is  opposed  to  the  Di- 
astole of  the  organ. 

SYSTOLIC,  Systol'icus;  same  etymon.  Re- 
lating to  the  systole  of  the  heart,  as  '  systolic 
murmur.' 


T.  BANDAGE 


730 


TABES  MESENTERICA 


T.  Bandage,  Fas'cia  T.  formis,  Crucial  Ban- 
dage. A  bandage  shaped  like  the  letter  T.  It 
consists  of  a  strip  of  linen,  of  variable  length 
and  breadth,  the  middle  of  which  is  attached, 
at  right  angles,  to  the  extremity  of  another 
strip,  also  of  variable  length  and  breadth. 
When  two  such  strips  are  attached,  at  a  dis- 
tance from  each  other,  the  bandage  is  called  a 
double  T.  This  bandage  is  used,  principally, 
for  supporting  the  dressings  after  the  operation 
for  fistula  in  ano,  in  diseases  of  the  perinaeum, 
groin,  anus,  &c. 

TABAC,  JN'icotiana  tabacum — t.  des  Vosgcs, 
Arnica  montana. 

TABACUM,  Nicotiana  tabacum. 

TABARZET,  Saccharum  album. 

TABEL/L.A,  Tab'ula,  Tabula' turn,  a  lozenge: 
Tessei'la,  (F.)  Tablelte, '  a  small  table.'  A  solid 
medicine,  composed  of  a  powder,  sugar,  and 
mucilaae;  and  generally  shaped  like  a  disk. 
See  Pastil  and  Troch. 

Tabella,  Table. 

TABELLJE  ABSORBENTES,  T.  de  Mag- 
nesia. 

Tabella:  Acidi  Oxal'ici,  T.  ad  silent,  Lo- 
zenges of  Oxalic  Acid.  {Acid,  oxalic.  £j,  sacck. 
alb.  gss,  ol.limonis.  gtt-  xviij  vel  gtt.  xij.  Make 
into  lozenges  with  mucilage  of  gum  tragacunth. 
Ph.  P.)  Lozenges  are  made  in  the  same  way 
with  the  citric  and  tartaric  acids.  They  are 
refrigerant. 

Tabell^e  de  Altha;a,  Lozenges  of  Marsh- 
malloics.  (Rad.  althaeas,  pulv.  §iss,  sacchar. 
alb.  pulv.  ^ivssjf.  massa.  Ph.  P.)  Demulcent, 
expectorant. 

Tabella:  Antimonia'les  Kuncke'lii,  Ta- 
bellae  de  slib'ii  sulphure'to,  Lozenges  of  Sulphuret 
of  Antimony,  Mor'suli  tmtimoniales,  M.  stibii, 
M.  stibia'ti,  Trocltis'ci  stibiaii.  (Amygdal.  dale. 
!§j,  sacch.  loss,  sent,  cardam.,  cinnam.  pulv.,  salph. 
antim.  praepar.  aa  3  j,  fiant  tabellae.  Ph.  P.  Each 
to  weigh  ID  grains  )  Recommended  in  cutane- 
ous diseases,  blennorrhagia,  arthritic  pains,  &c. 
Dose,  4  or  more. 

Tabella:  ad  Ardorem  Ventriculi, Trochisci 
carbonatis  calcis — I.  Cardialgicae,  Trochisci  car- 
bonatis  calcis. 

Tabella  de  Cat'echu  et  Magne'sia,  Lo- 
zenges of  Catechu  and  Magnesia.  (F.)  Tablettes 
de  cachou  et  de  magnesie.  {P.  catech.  ^yj,  p, 
magnes.  §iv,  p.  cinnam.  ^iij,  sacch.  alb.  Ibss,  g. 
tragac.  gr.  xij,  uq.  cinnam.  q.  s.  ut  f.  massa.  Ph. 
P.  Each  to  weigh  12  gr.)  Antacid,  absorbent, 
and  stomachic.     Dose,  5  to  10  lozenges. 

Tabella;  Cinchona,  T.  de  kina  kina,  Bark 
lozenges.  (Ext.  cinchon.  sice.  §ss,  sacch.  giv, 
cinnam.  Jss,  mucilag.  g.  trag.  q.  s.  ut  f.  massa. 
Ph.  P.)     Tonic. 

TaBELLA)  DE  ClTRO  ET  DlACARTH AMO,  T.  de 

Scammonio  et  Senna. 

Tabella  de  Ferro,  Steel  lozenges,  Tab' aide 
martia'les,  T.  instauran'tes,  T.  antichlorot'icse. 
(Ferri  limat.  porphyriz.  %ss,p.  cinnam.  Jjj,  p. 
sacch.  ^v,  g.  trag.  et  aq.  cinnam.  q.  s.  ut  fiat 
massa.  Each  lozenge  to  weigh  12  gr.  Ph.  P.) 
Tonic,  stomachic.     Dose,  v.  to  x. 

Aromatic  lozenges  of  steel.  These  consist  of 
sulphate  of  iron,  with  a  small  proportion  of  the 
Tincture  of  Cantharides. 


Tabellae  de  Kina  Kina,  T.  cinchona;. 

Tabella;  de  Magnesia,  T. absorbent es,  Mag- 
nesia lozenges.  (Magnes.  5],  sacchar.  alb.  Jiv, 
mucil.  g.  tragac.  q.  s.  Ph.  P.)  Absorbent  and 
antacid. 

Tabella:  de  Rheo,  Rhubarb  lozenges.  (P. 
rhej.  %*s,  sacch.  gv,  mucilag.  gum  tragar.  q.  s.; 
f.  massa.  Each  to  contain  12  grains.  Ph.  P.) 
Stomachic  and  laxative. 

Tabella:  de  Scammo'nio  et  Senna  Compos'- 
ita:,  Compound  lozenges  of  scammomj  and  senna, 
T.  de  cilro  et  diacar'lhamo.  (Scammon.  giij,  Sen- 
naefiivss,  rhej  pjiss,  caryoph.  gj,  corticis  limon. 
confect.  §j,  sacch.  §vj,  f.  massa.  Ph.  P.)  Pur- 
gative.    Dose,  gij  to  gvj,  or  more. 

Tabella;  ad  Sitem,  T.  acidi  oxalici — t.  ad 
Sodam,  Trochisci  carbonatis  calcis — t.  de  Stibii 
sulphureto,  T.  antimoniales  Kunckelii. 

Tabella;  de  Sul'phure  Sim'plices,  Simple 
sulphur  lozenges.  (Sulphur  lot.  ^ss,  sacch.  ^iv, 
muc.  g.  tragac.  cum  aqua  rosa  prajpar.  q.  s. 
Ph.  P.)  Expectorant,  demulcent,  &e.  Used  in 
diseases  of  the  chest,  and  in  cutaneous  affec- 
tions.    Dose,  1  lozenge. 

Tabella;  de  Sulfh'ure  Compos'ita,  Com- 
pound sulphur  lozenges.  (Sulph.  lot.  Jjiji  acid. 
benzoic,  gr.  xij,  rad.  irid.  p.  ^ss,  ol.  anisi.  gtt-  viij, 
sacch.  §vss,  g.  trag.  q.  s.  Ph.  P.)  Aperient, 
expectorant  and  stimulant.  (?)     Dose,  4  a  day. 

TABES,  Moras' mus  Tabes,  from  taberc,  '  to 
consume,'  Te'kedon,  Atroph'ia,  Decline.  Ema- 
ciation of  the  whole  body,  with  general  languor, 
hectic  fever,  and,  for  the  most  part,  depressed 
spirits. 

Tabes,  Atrophy,  Phthisis. 

Tabes  Dorsa'lis,  T.  Dorsuu'lis,  Moras' mus 
tabes  dorsa'lis,  Phthisis  no'tias,  Phthisis  dorsa'lis, 
Myelophthi'sis,  Tubes  ossis  sacri.  By  this  term 
is  meant  a  wasting  of  the  body,  attended  at  first 
with  a  pain  in  the  back  or  loins,  and  afterwards 
in  the  neck  or  head, — caused,  it  has  been  con- 
ceived, by  too  early  or  too  frequent  addiction  to 
venery. 

Tabes  Glandularis,  T.  mesenterica,  Scro- 
fula—t.  Lactea,  see  Galactia. 

Tabes  Mesenter'ica,  Atroph'ia  mesenter'ica, 
Atroph'ia  Infant' vm,  A.  glandularis,  J),  infanti- 
lis, Ma'cics  In  fan' turn,  Peed  atroph'ia,  Tabes  glan- 
dularis, Scrofula  mesenterica,  Racliial'gia  me- 
senterica,- Phthisis  mesara'ica,  Plnpco'nia  me- 
senterica, Mcscnlcri'tis,  (F.)  Carreau,  Chartre, 
Scrofu/es  ou  Ecroaclles  mesenteriques,  Etisie  mi- 
sentcrique,  Rachialgie  mdsenlerique,  Atrophic  me- 
sentcrique.Physconie  mesenterique,  Entcro-mesentc- 
rite,  Tubercules  des  ganglions  mesenteriques,  Phthi- 
sie  mcsenl criqne.  An  engorgement  and  tubercular 
degeneration  of  the  mesenteric  glands,  followed 
by  emaciation  and  general  disorder  of  the  nutritive 
functions.  The  disease  is  often  owing  to  inflam- 
mation or  irritation  of  the  lining  membrane  of 
the  intestines,  giving  occasion  to  enlargement 
of  the  glands  of  the  mesentery,  as  injury  to 
the  upper  or  lower  extremities  causes  inflamma- 
tion, and  enlargement  of  the  lymphatic  glands  of 
the  axilla  and  groin,  it  occurs,  particularly,  in 
children  of  a  scrofulous  diathesis;  and  in  those 
who  are  weaned  too  early,  or  fed  on  indigestible 
substances.  Diarrhoea,  emaciation,  anorexia,  or 
immoderate  appetite:  hardness  and  swelling  of 


TABES  NUTRICUM 


731 


TALIACOT1AN  OPERATION 


the  abdomen;  and,  towards  the  end,  hectic  fever, 
ure  the  chief  symptoms  of  this  affection;  the 
prognosis  of  which  is  usually  unfavourable. 
On  opening  the  bodies  of  those  who  die  of  the 
disease,  the  mesenteric  glands  are  found  disor- 
ganized, tubercular,  or  in  a  more  or  less  ad- 
vanced state  of  suppuration.  The  treatment  is 
Ihe  same  as  in  scrophulosis.  Frictions  may  be 
added  over  the  abdomen  and  spine;  and  mer- 
cury, in  small  doses,  so  as  to  excite  a  new  ac- 
tion in  the  system.  The  food  must  be  easy  of 
digestion,  and  the  bowels  be  kept  soluble. 

Tabes  Nutricum,  see  Galactia— t.  Pectorea, 
Rachitis— t.  Pulmonalis,  Phthisis  pulmonalis— 
t.  Ossis  sacri,  Tabes  dorsalis. 
TABIDUS,  Phihisicus. 

TABLE,  Tab'ula,  Tubell'a,  Tab ida' turn,  Lam' - 
inn,  Pa'ries,  Squama.  A  name  given  to  the 
plates  of  compact  tissue,  which  form  the  bones 
of  the  cranium.  Of  these,  one  is  external;  the 
other  internal,  and  called  Tab'ula  vi'trea,  on  ac- 
count of  its  brittleness. 

TABLES  DE  MORTJ1L1TE,  Mortality,  bills 
of. 
TABLET,  Trochiscus. 
TABLETTE,  Tabella. 

TMILETTES  DE  CJCHOUET  DE  MAG- 
NESIE,  TahelliE  de  catechu  et  magnesia. 
TABL1ER,  Ventrale  cutaneum. 
TABULA,  Tabella,  Table. 
Tabui.je  Antichlokoticje,  Tabellae  de  ferro 
— t.    Instaurantes,   Tabella?    de    ferro — t.   Mar- 
tiales,  Tabellae  de  ferro. 
TABU  LATUM,  Tabella,  Table. 
TABUM,  Ichor,  Sanies. 
TJiC,  Influenza. 

TACAMAHACA,  Fagara  octandra— t.  Ca- 
ragna,  Caranna. 

TJIC  HE,  Macula — /.  de  JYaissance,  Ncevus. 
TACHES  HEPATIQUES,  Chloasma. 
TJJCHES  LJ1ITEUSES,  Plaques  laiteuses, 
'milky  spots  or  patches.'  White  spots  occa- 
sionally seen  on  the  heart,  and  regarded  by 
many  pathologists  as  the  results  of  previous 
pericarditis. 

TJJCHES  DE  ROUSSURE,  Ephelides— t. 
Rouges,  Spots.  Red. 

TACHYIATRTA,  from  ra/vg, '  quick,'  and 
MtTpfia,  '  healing.'     The  art  of  curing  quickly. 

f  ACH'YTOMY,  Taclujtom'in,  from  xaXv$, 
'quick,' and  rovr,, '  incision.'  The  art  of  cut- 
tine  or  opprating  rapidly. 

TACITURNITY,  Tacit  ur'nitas,  SigS,  'si- 
lence,' from  latere,  'to  be  silent.'  'State  of  a 
person  who  does  not  speak.'  Morbid  tacitur- 
nity sometimes  exists  as  a  symptom  of  the  neu- 
roses, especially  of  melancholy. 

TACT,  Tactus.     Modification  of  the  sense  of 
touch.      Passive   judgment   by   the    cutaneous 
organ  regarding  bodies  exterior  to  it.     Tact  is 
passive:  Touch,  active. 
TACTUS,  Touch. 

T^EDiE,  Dxs,  Sat?.  A  term  used  for  a  me- 
dicine employed  under  the  form  of  fumigation, 
pessary,  or  troch. 

T^E'MA,  Te'w'a,  from  raina.  'a  fillet,  a 
riband.'  See  Bandage  and  Nymphomania. 
Also  a  genus  of  intestinal  worms,  characterized 
by  an  elongated,  flattened,  and  articulated 
body,  with  four  suctorial  oscula  on  the  head. 
Of  tliis  genus,  two  only  inhabit  the  human 
body— the  Teenia  lata,  (see  Bothriocephalus 
latus,)  and  Txnia  solium. 


^  Taenia  Acephala  Bothriocephalus  latus— t. 
a  Anneaux  courts,  Bothriocephalus  latus — t.  a 
Anneaux  longs,  Taenia  solium — t.  Articulos  de- 
mittens,  Taenia  solium — t.  Cucurbitina,  Taenia 
solium — t.  Dentata,  Bothriocephalus  latus — t. 
Grisea,  Bothriocephalus  latus — t.  Hippocampi, 
Corpora  fimbriata — t.  Humana  armata,  Taenia 
solium — t.  Humana  inermis,  Bothriocephalus 
latus — t.  Hydatigena,  Hydatid — t.  Lata,  Both- 
riocephalus latus — t.  a  longues  articulations, 
Taenia  solium — t.  Membranacea,  Bothriocepha- 
lus latus — t.  nonarmc,  Bothriocephalus  latus — t. 
Osculis  lateralibns  geminis,  Bothriocephalus 
latus — t.  Osculis  lateralibns  solitariis,  Bothrio- 
cephalus latus — t.  Osculis  marginalibus  solita- 
riis, Taenia  solium — t.  Osculis  superficialibus, 
Bothriocephalus  latus — t.  Prima,  Bothrioceph- 
alus latus — t.  Suns  epine,  Taenia  solium — t.  Se- 
cunda,  Taenia  solium. 

T./enia  Semicircula'ris,  Gem'inum  centrum 
semicircula'rS,  Limbus  posle'rior  corporis  stria'- 
ti,  Stria  cor'nea,  Stria  semlluna'res,  Frmn'ulum 
novum,  Fascia  semicircula'ris,  Bandehttc  des 
eminences  pxjriformes,  (Ch.)  (F.)  Bandelette,  B. 
demicirculaire,  Lame  cornee.  A  medullary, 
grayish,  semitransparent  layer,  situate  in  the 
groove  that  separates  the  thalamus  opticus  from 
the  corpus  striatum  in  the  lateral  ventricle. 

Tjenia  So'lium,  T.  os'culis  marginal' ilnis  so- 
lita'riis,  Txnia  cucurbiti'na,  Txnia  huma'na  ar- 
ma'ta,  Hul'ysis  so'lium,  Vermis  cucurbiti'nus, 
Lumbri'cus  latus,  Tenia  sans  ipine,  Txnia  ar- 
ticulos demit' tens,  T.  secunda,  Tenia  a  longues 
articulations,  Tenia  a  anneaux  tongs,  Ver  soli- 
taire, V.  cucurbilain,  or  Long  Tape  Worm,  has 
an  almost  hemispherical,  discrete  head;  an  ob- 
tuse beak  ;  the  neck  full  anteriorly;  all  the  joints 
slightly  obtuse,  the  anterior  very  short;  the 
next  almost  square,  and  the  rest  oblong;  the 
marginal  foramina  vaguely  alternated.  The 
taenia  solium  is  commonly  a  few  feet  long: 
sometimes  its  length  is  enormous.  It  is  said  to 
have  been  met  with  600  feet  long.  It  princi- 
pally inhabits  the  small  intestines,  and  is  not 
common!  The  oil  of  turpentine,  in  some  form, 
largely  exhibited,  is  perhaps  the  best  remedy. 

Taenia  Tenella,  Bothriocephalus  latus — t. 
Vulgaris,  Bothriocephalus  latus. 

T^E'NIAFUGE,  Txniafugum,  from  tainia, 
andfugo,  'I  drive  off.'  A  remedy  calculated  to 
expel  taenia. 

TiENIOLA,  Bandelette.  Used  bv  Gerber  for 
a  simple,  band-like,  or  flat  fibre,  Filum  txnia- 
formS,  seen  under  the  microscope. 

TAFFETAS  J1GGLUTINATIF,  Sparadra- 
pum  adhaesivum — I.  d'Jngltterre,  see  Sparadra- 
pum  adhaesivum — t.  Gomme,  see  Sparadrapum 
adhajsivum. 

TAFIA,  Rum. 

TAILLADE,  Incision,  see  Entaille. 

TAILLE,  Lithotomy — t.  Hypogastrique,  Hy- 
pogastric operation  of  lithotomy,  see  Lithotomy 
— t.  Par  te  rectum,  see  Lithotomy — t.  Posferieure, 
see  Lithotomy — I.  Recto -vesicate,  see  Lithotomy 
— t.  Sns-pubienne.  see  Lithotomy. 

TAKAMAHAKA,  Fagara  octandra. 

TAL.  A  word  formerly  employed  for  alkali. 
It  also  meant  the  dung  of  the  peacock. 

TALEN'TUM,  r<tHavrov.  An  ancient  weight 
equal  to  54  pounds,  2  oz.,  5  dr.,  and  24  grains 
Poiils  de  Marc.     See  Weights  and  Measures. 

TALEOLUS,  Malleolus. 

TALIACOTIANOPERATION,Rhinoplastic. 


TALIPES 


732 


TAR1NI  PONS 


TALIPES,  Kyllosis  (Clubfoot.) 

TALPA,  'a  mole.'  Topina'iia,  (F.)  Taupe. 
A  tumour  situate  on  the  head,  which  has  been 
supposed  to  burrow  like  a  mole. 

TALON,  see  Calcaneurn. 

TALUS,  Astragalus,  Malleolus,  see  Calca- 
neurn. 

TAMARA  CONGA,  Averrhoa  carambola. 

TAMARiEA  ZECLA,  Tamarindus. 

TAMAR1N,  Tamarindus.  , 

TAMARIN'DI  PULPA,  Pulp  of  Tamarinds, 
(Tamarinds,  q.  s.  Digest  them  with  a  small 
quantity  of  water,  until  they  become  of  a  uni- 
form consistence ;  then  separate  the  seeds  and 
filaments,  by  pressing  through  a  hair-sieve.    Ph. 

US') 

TAMARINDS,  PULP  OF,  Tamarindi  pulpa. 

TAMARIN'DUS,  T.  In'dica,  Tkamarmdus, 
Oxiphai'nicon,  Sil'iqua  Arab'ica,  Balampul'li,  Ta- 
marse'a  zecla,  Oxyphani'cia,  Aca'cia  Indica,  Ta- 
marind tree,  (F.)  Tamarin.  Family,  Legumi- 
nosoe.  Sex.  Syst.  Triandria  Digynia.  The  pulp 
of  the  tamarind,  with  the  seeds,  connected  by 
numerous  tough  strings,  is  exported  from  the 
West  Indies,  preserved  in  syrup,—  Tamarindus, 
(Ph.  U.  S.)  Jt  is  refrigerant  and  laxative.  Ta- 
marind whey  is  made  by  boiling  jfij  of  the  pulp 
with  ftiss  of  milk.  When  strained,  it  is  used 
as  a  diluent  in  fever. 

TAMARISCUS,  Tamarix  Gallica. 

TAM'ARIX  GAL'LICA,  Tamaris'cus.  The 
Tamarisk  tree.  Family,  Portulaceae.  -Sea;.  Syst. 
Pentandria  Pentagynia.  The  bark,  wood,  and 
leaves  were  formerly  employed  medicinally;— 
the  former  for  its  aperient  and  corroborant  vir- 
tues, in  obstructions  of  the  liver;  the  latter  in 
icterus,  haemoptysis,  and  some  cutaneous  affec- 
tions. ' 

TAMBOUR,  CAVITE  DU, Tympanum. 

TAMPA  BAY,  see  Saint  Augustine. 

TAMPON,  see  Plugging. 

TAMPONNEMENT,  Plugging 

TANACE'TUM,  T.  vulga'ri,  Tana'sia,  Alha- 
na'sia,  Parthe'nium  mas,  Tansy,  (F.)  Tanaisie 
vulgaire.  Family,  Corymbifera?.  Sex.  Syst. 
Syngenesia  Polygamia.  The  leaves  and  flow- 
ers of  tansy  have  a  peculiar,  strong  odour,  and 
warm,  bitter  taste.  They  are  tonic,  deobstru- 
ent,  (?)  and  anthelmintic.  Dose,  gss  to  gj. 
The  infusion  is  usually  drunk  as  tea. 

Tanace'tum  Balsami'ta,  Balsami'ta  mas,  B. 
suaveolens,  B.  major,  Tanacetum  Itorteti'sS,  Cos- 
tus  horto'rum,  Mentha  Roma'na  sen  Saracen'ica, 
Costmary,  Alecost,  Cock-mint,  (F.)  Menthe  coq, 
Herbe  au  coq,  Grand  Baume.  A  fragrant-smell- 
ing herb,  somewhat  resembling  mint,  and  for- 
merly much  esteemed  as  a  corroborant,  carmi- 
native, and  emmenagogue. 

Tanacetum  Hortense,  T.  balsamita. 

TANAISIE  VULGAIRE,  Tanacetum. 

TAN  ASIA,  Tanacetum. 

TANGE,  rayyij,  'rancidity.'  A  putrescent 
tumour. 

TANNIC  ACID.  Tannin. 

TANNICUM  PURUM,  Tannin. 

TANNIN,  from  (F.)  tanner,  'to  tan.'  Tari- 
nicum  purum,  Tanninum,  Princip'ium  adstrin- 
gens,  P-  Scytodeph'icum,  P.  Byrsodep'sicvm,  Aci- 
dum  Tan'nicum,A.  Quercitan'nicum,  Tannic  acid. 
A  principle  obtained  from  oak  bark  and  other 
astringent  vegetables,  so  called  from  its  forming 
the  principal  agent  in  the  process  of  tanning. 
Pure  Tannin,  obtained  from  galls,  (see  Ph.  U. 


S.)  has  been  lately  introduced  into  medicine  as 
an  excellent  and  powerful  astringent.  Dose, 
two  grains  repealed  several  times  a  day.  The 
Tannate  of  Lead,  Plumbi  Tannas,  has  been  ap- 
plied, in  the  form  of  ointment,  to  excoriations, 
and  sloughing  sores  from  pressure,  (gij  of  the 
tannate  to  5j  of  cerate.) 

TANSY,  Tanacetum— t.  Wild,  Potentilla  an- 
serina. 

TAPER,  HIGH,  Verbascum  nigrum. 

TAPE'TUM,  Ta'pestry.  A  shining  spot,  on 
the  outside  of  the  optic  nerve,  in  the  eyes  of 
certain  animals,  which  is  owing  to  the  absence 
ofthe  pigmentum  nigrum  occasioning  the  re- 
flection of  a  portion  of  the  rays  from  the  mem- 
brana  Ruyschiana.  Its  use  appears  to  be,  by 
reflecting  the  rays  to  cause  a  double  impression 
on  the  retina,  and  thus  add  to  the  intensity  of 
vision. 

TAPEWORM,  BROAD,  Bothriocephalus  la- 
tus— t.  Long,  Taenia  solium. 

TAPIOCA,  see  Jatropha  manihot— t.  Pearl, 
see  Jatropha  manihot. 

TAPSUS  BARBATUS,  Verbascum  nigrum. 

TAPSARIA,  Decoctum  hordei. 

TAR,  see  Pi'nus  sylvestris— t.Barbadoes.Pe- 
trolaeum— t.  Mineral,  Pissasphallum. 

TAR' ACHE,  Tarax'is,  Tarag'ma,  Tarag'mus, 
'  disorder.'  A  disorder  of  sight,  which  arises 
from  a  blow,  compression  of  the  eye,  or  the  ac- 
tion of  dust,  smoke  or  other  external  cause. 
By  some,  it  is  understood  to  signify  mild  or  in- 
cipient ophthalmia. 

Taga^-nj;  xotXiag,  'disturbance  of  the  belly,' 
Diarrhoea. 

TARAGMA,  Tarache. 

TARAGMUS,  Tarache. 

TARAGON,  Artemisia  dracunculus. 

TARANTAL1SMUS,  Tarantismus. 

TARANTISM'US,  Tarentis'mus,  Tarantalis'- 
mus,  Taren'tulism.  A  feigned  or  imaginary 
disease  in  Apulia,  characterized  by  excessive 
avidity  for  dancing  at  the  sound  of  instruments, 
and  which  was  ascribed,  by  the  vulgar,  to  the 
bite  of  the  tarantula.  A  sort  of  tarantismus, 
considered  peculiar  to  Africa,  and  believed  to 
be  spontaneous,  has  been  called  Tarenlismus 
Tangita'nus,  Janon-turentisme. 

TARAN'TULA,  from  Tarentum  or  Tarento, 
a  town  of  Italy  where  they  abound;  Tarentula, 
(F.)  Tarentulc.  A  species  of  spider— the  Ard- 
nea  Tarentula  of  Linnaeus,  Lyco'sa  Tarentula  of 
Lntreille,  whose  bite  has  been  looked  upon  as 
dangerous.     Music  has  been  thought  to  cure  it. 

TARASCON,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Chalybeate  spring  in  the  department  of  Ar- 
riege,  France.  They  contain  iron  and  carbonic 
acid. 

TARAXACUM,  Leontodon  taraxacum. 

TARAXIS,  Tarache,  see  Ophthalmia. 

TARCHON  SYLVESTRIS,  Achillea  ptar- 
mica. 

TARENTISMUS,  Tarantismus— t.  Tangi- 
tanus,  Tarantismus. 

TARENTULA,  Tarantula. 

TARENTULISM,  Tarantismus. 

TARGAR,  Juniperus  communis. 

TARI.  Palm  or  cocoa  wine,  from  which 
sugar  was  obtained,  called  Jagre.  It  was  once 
used  as  a  tonic. 

TARI'NI  PONS,  Intcrpcdun'cular  space,  Pos- 
terior perforated  space,Locus  perfora'tus  posti'cus. 
A  cineritious  substance,  between  the  corpora 


TARO 


733 


TEA 


nlbicantia,  which  assists  in  forming  the  bottom 
of  the  third  ventricle. 

TARO,  Arum  esculentum. 

TARQUETTE,  Herniaria  glabra. 

TARSAL,  Tar'seus.  That  which  relates  to 
the  tarsus. 

Tarsal  Articulations  result  from  the  union 
of  the  bones  of  the  tarsus  with  each  other. 

TARSEUS,  Tarsal. 

TARSOMETATARSAL,  Tarso-metatar1  - 
seus.  That  which  relates  to  tarsus  and  meta- 
tarsus. 

Tauso-Metatarsal  Articulations  are 
those  between  the  bones  of  the  second  row  of 
the  tarsus  and  the  metatarsal  bones.  The  term 
Turso-m.etatarscd  is  likewise  applied  to  liga- 
ments connected  with  these  joints;  some  of 
which  are  dorsal,  others  plantar. 

TARSOMETATARS1PHALANGIEN  DU 
POUCE,  Adductor  pollicis  pedis — t.  Phalangien 
du  pouce,  Flexor  brevis  pollicis  pedis— t.  Sous- 
phalangien  du  petit  orteil,  Flexor  brevis  minimi 
digiti  pedis — t.  Suus-pltalangettien  du  premier 
orteil,  Flexor  brevis  pollicis  pedis. 

TARSUS,  Planta  prima  pedis,  Rasse'ta  pedis, 
Pedium,  Cavic'ulze  pedis  nodus.  1.  The  poste- 
rior part  of  the  foot.  The  tarsus  consists  of  7 
bones,  arranged  transversely  in  two  rows,  be- 
tween which  amputation  is  sometimes  per- 
formed. The  first  or  Tibial  row,  (F.)  Premiere 
rangee,  R.  jambtere,  consists  of  the  astragalus 
and  os  calcis;  the  second  or  metatarsal,  (F.)  se- 
condc  rangee, R.mctatarsienne,  of the  scaphoides, 
cuboicles,  and  three  ossa  cuneiformia.  2.  The 
Tarsi,  Tarsal  cartilages,  Tarsal  jibro- cartilages, 
Orchoi,  Crcpid'ines  seu  Coro'na  seu  Chelce  seu 
Un'gulx  Palpebra'rum,  Thar  si,  are  two  small, 
cartilaginous  layers,  seated  in  the  substance  of 
the  free  edge  of  each  eyelid.  The  upper  is 
larger  and  broader  than  the  lower.  Both  com- 
mence at  the  bifurcated  extremity  of  the  ten- 
don of  the  orbicularis  palpebrarum,  and  pass  to 
the  opposite  commissure  of  the  eyelids.  They 
are  broader  in  the  middle  than  at  their  extre- 
mities. 

TARTAR,  Antimonium  tartarizatum  (impro- 
perly)— L  Calcareous,  Potassae  subcarbonas — t. 
Crystals  of,  Potassaa  supertartras — t.  Emetic, 
Antimonium  tartarizatum — t.  Soluble,  Potassae 
tartras,  see  Potash. 

TARTA'REI  MORBI.  A  term  employed  by 
Paracelsus  to  designate  certain  diseases  which 
he  attributed  to  tartar. 

TARTAR!  CRYSTALLI,  Potasssj  supertar- 
tras. 

TARTARIC  ACID,  Ad'idum  tartar'icum,  A. 
tar  tar o' sum,  Acor  tartar'icus.  Acidum  ta/tari  es- 
sentia'I  e,  Turla'reous  acid,  Sal  tartari  essentia  le. 
(Putussm  bitart.  Siiss,  aq.  dcstillat.  fen.,  cong. 
iij,  crctx  ppl*e  Ibj,  acidi  sulph.  Ibj.  Boil  the 
bitartrnte  with  two  gallons  of  the  water,  and 
gradually  add  the  prepared  chalk,  until  no  more 
bubbles  appear;  let  the  tartrate  of  lime  subside; 
then  pour  off  the  fluid  and  wash  the  tartrate  of 
Jime  with  distilled  water,  until  it  is  tasteless. 
Pour  upon  it  the  sulphuric  acid,  diluted  with  a 
gallon  of  boiling  distilled  water;  and  set  the 
mixture  aside  for  24  hours,  occasionally  sirring 
it.  Filler  and  evaporate  to  crystallize.  Ph.  L.) 
It  is  refrigerant  and  antiseptic,  but  is  chiefly 
used  for  making  effervescent  draughts  with 
coda. 


TARTARUM,  Potassaa  supertartras  impurua 
— t.  Vitriolatum,  Potassae  sulphas. 

TARTARUS  AMMONLE,  Ammonise  tar-4 
tras — t.  Chalybeatus,  Ferrum  tartarizatum — t.* 
Crudus,  Potassae  supertartras  impurus — t.  Den- 
tium,  Odontoliths — t.  Emeticus,  Antimonium 
tartarizatum — t.  Kalicoferricus,  Ferrum  tarta- 
rizatum— t.  Kalinus,  Potassae  tartras — t.  Lixi- 
viae,  Potassaa  tartras — t.  Martialis,  Ferrum  tar- 
tarizatum— t.  Potassae  ferruginosus,  Ferrum  tar- 
tarizatum— t.  Subpotassicus,  Potassae  supertar- 
tras— t.  Superpotassicus,  Potassae  supertartras 
— t.  Tartarizatus,  Potassae  tartras. 

TARTRATE  D' AMMONIA  QUE,  Ammoniaj 
tartras. 

TARTRE  BRUT,  Potassaa  supertartias  im- 
purus— t.  Cru,  Potassas  supertartras  impurus — 
t.  des  Dents,  Odontolithos — t.Emetique,  Antimo- 
nium tartarizatum — t.  Stibid,  Antimonium  tar- 
tarizatum. 

TARTRUM  SOLUBILE,  Potassae  tartras. 

TASIS,  Extension,  Tension. 

TASTE,  Gustus,  Geusis,  Geuma,  Gevthmos, 
(F.)  Gout.  One  of  the  five  external  senses, 
which  instructs  us  of  the  savours  of  bodies,  and 
of  which  the  tongue  is  the  principal  organ. 

Gustation,  Gustatio,  is  the  exercise  of  this 
faculty.  In  disease,  the  taste  frequently  be- 
comes variously  vitiated.  The  nerves  of  taste 
are  probably  the  lingual  branch  of  the  fifth  pair 
and  the  glosso-pharyngeal. 

Taste,  Savour. 

TAUPE,  Talpa. 

TAUROCOL'L  A,  rav^oK0?.Xct.  Glue  made  of 
the  ears  and  genitals  of  the  bull.  It  was  for- 
merly much  esteemed. 

TAURUS,  Penis,  Perinaeum. 

TAXIS,  •  Arrangement,'  from  ra^a-co,  'I  or- 
der,' 'I  arrange,'  Reposi'tio,  Reduc'tio.  A  me- 
thodical pressure  exerted  by  the  hand  on  a 
hernial  tumour,  for  the  purpose  of  reducing  it 
This  operation  is  generally  easy  in  hernice  that 
are  free  from  adhesions,  of  small  size,  and  with 
a  large  opening  to  the  sac;  but  it  is  very  diffi- 
cult and  frequently  impracticable  in  those  that 
are  adherent  or  strangulated.  To  perform  the 
taxis,  the  patient  should  be  put  in  the  horizon- 
tal posture,  and  in  one  in  which  the  parietes  of 
the  abdomen  are  relaxed.  The  manual  proce- 
dure varies  in  each  species  of  hernia.  In  all 
cases,  too  strong  pressure  of  the  parts  must  be 
avoided;  as  inflammation  and  gangrene  might 
be  induced.  The  displaced  organs  must  be 
pushed  into  the  abdomen,  exactly  according  to 
the  direction  of  the  axis  of  the  hernial  sac. 
The  reduction  is  sometimes  favoured  by  blood- 
letting ad  deliquium ;  the  warm  bath;  warm  fo- 
mentations; tobacco,  emollient  glysters;  and, 
at  times,  by  cold  applications,  as  ice,  &c.  In  a 
case  of  strangulated  hernia,  should  the  taxis 
fail,  an  operation  becomes  necessary. 

TAXUS  B A CCATA.  The  Yeio  tree, Smilax, 
Smilas,  T/n/m'alos,  (F.)  If.  Family,  Coniferce. 
Sex.  Syst.  Dioecia  Monadelphia.  The  ancients 
believed  the  yew  to  be  poisonous;  but  the  fruit 
may  be  eaten  without  inconvenience.  The 
leaves  have  been  often  recommended  in  epi- 
lepsy. The  resin,  obtained  from  the  bark,  has 
been  called  albir. 

TAYE,  Caligo. 

TEA,  Thea—  t.  Bahama,  Lantana  camara — t. 
Berried,  Gaultheria — t.  Berry,  Gaultheria — t. 
Blankenheimer,  see   Galeopsis  grandiflora — t. 


TEAR 


7Zi 


TEMPORAL,  Sec. 


Brazil,  Lantana  pseudothea— t.  Labrador,  Le- 
dum lalifolium— t.  Marsli,  Ledum  palustie— t. 
Mexico,  Chenopodium  ambrosioides— t.  Moun- 
tain, Gaultheria— t.  New  Jersey,  Cclastrus— t. 
Oswego,  Monardacoccinea— t.  Redberry, Gaul- 
theria— t.  Soot,  see  Fuligokalv— t.  South  sea, 
Ilex  vomitoria — t.  Spanish,  Chenopodium  am- 
brosioides. 

TEAR,  Sax.  reap,  Lac'ryma,  Lachryma,  La- 
cruma,  Dac'ryon,  (E.)  Larmc.  An  excrementi- 
tious  humour,  secreted  by  the  lachrymal  gland, 
and  poured  between  the  globe  of  the  eye,  and 
the  eyelids,  to  facilitate  the  motions  of  those 
parts.  The  tears  are  saline,  inodorous,  and 
colourless.  They  turn  the  syrup  of  violets 
green;  and  contain  chloride  of  sodium,  with  ex- 
cess of  base,  phosphates  of  lime  and  soda,  and 
albumen. 

TEASEL,  CULTIVATED,  Dipsacus  syl- 
vestris. 

TEAT.  Nipple. 

TEAZEL,  Eupatorium  perforatum. 

TECEDON,  Phthisis. 

TECNOCTONIA,  Infanticide. 

TECOLITHOS.  Judams  (lapis.) 

TEETH,  see  Tooth— t.  Eye,  Canine  teeth— 
t.  Jaw,  Molar  teeth — t.  Milk,  see  Dentition — t. 
Neck  of  the,  Collum  dentium — t.  Vitreous  sub- 
stance of  the,  Enamel  of  the  teeth. 

TEETHING,  Dentition. 

TEG1MBN,  Integument. 

TEGMEN,  Integument. 

TEGULA  HIBERN1CA,  Hibernicus  lapis. 

TEGUMEN,  Integument. 

TEGUMENT,  Integument. 

TEGUMENTUM,  Integument— t.  Ventri- 
culorum  cerebri,  Centre,  oval,  of  the  brain. 

TEIGKE,  Porrigo,  Porrigo  lupinosa — t.  An- 
nulaire,  Porrigo  scutulata — t.  en  Anneau,  Por- 
rigo scutulata — t.  Fuveuse,  Porrigo  favosa — t. 
Furfaract,  Porrigo  furfurans — t.  Nummulaire, 
Porrigo  scutulata. 

TEINESMOS,  Tenesmus. 

TELYTURE,  Tincture— t.  Ethirce,  Ethereal 
— t.  Rvbefiante,  Tinctura  cantharidis. 

TEKEDON,  Tabes. 

TELA  ACCIDEiNTALIS  MEDULLARIS, 
Encephaloid — t.  Cellulosa,  Cellular  tissue — t. 
Galteri,  Sparadrapum  Galteri — t.  Ichthyocollae 
glutinans,  see  Sparadrapum  adhaesivum — t.  In- 
odularis,  Tissue  inodular. 

TELAMON,  Habena. 

TELAMO'NES,  rslauiovtg,  'bandages.' 
Charpie,  used  for  wounds;  or  linen,  employed 
for  bandages. 

TELANGIECTASIA  or  TELANGIECTA- 
SIS, from  TtAo?,  'far,'  ayytiov, '  vessel,'  and  ty.ra- 
oig,  'dilatation.'  Dilatation  of  vessels.  Noevus 
maternus.  Aneurism  by  anastomosis.  Accord- 
ing to  some,  fungus  hjcmatodes.  See  Hoema- 
todes  fungus. 

TELEi'H'IUM,  Ulcus  telephium.  The  an- 
cients gave  this  name  to  an  ulcer  of  a  very  bad 
kind,  arid  difficult  to  cure,  because  the  wound, 
which  Achilles  inflicted  on  Telephus,  degene- 
rated into  a  similar  ulcer. 

Telephium,  Sedum  telephium. 

TELLURISMUS,  Magnetism,  animal. 

TELUiVI,  Penis — t.  Emplasticum,  Sparadra- 
pum. 

TEMPE,  Temple. 

TEM'PERAMENT,  Tcmperamm'tum,  Tern- 
peratu'ra,  lempera'tio,   Tevipe!  rics  ;   originally 


from  tempus,  'time,'  the  great  temperer  ;  Corn* 
plez'io,  Crasis,  Eucra'sia.  A  name  givn  to  th<? 
remarkable  differences  that  exist  between  in- 
dividuals, in  consequence  of  the  variety  of 
relations  and  proportions  between  the  consti- 
tuent parts  of  the  body.  Thus)#of  old,  it  was 
supposed,  that,  according  to  the  predominance 
of  any  one  of  the  four  humours  then  generally 
admitted — blood,  lymph,  bile,  and  atrabilis  or 
black  bile — the  manifestations  of  the  functions 
were  tempered  or  modified  so  as  to  give  rise 
to  a  sanguine,  lymphatic,  choleric,  or  atrabilious 
or  melancholic  predominance  or  temperament. 
The  idea  of  the  existence  of  certain  of  these 
humours  has  been  banished,  yet  the  influence 
of  some,  as  of  the  blood,  lymph,  and  bile,  is 
still  admitted  by  many.  Too  much  influence 
has,  doubtless,  been  assigned  to  temperamen1; 
in  the  sense  in  which  it  was  formerly  and  still 
is  generally  understood,  although  there  can  be 
no  question  that  difference  of  organization  does 
occasion  a  difference  in  the  activity  of  organs. 

Temperament,  Bilious,  Choleric  tempera- 
ment. 

TEM'PERANCE,  Sophros'yne,  Ncphaliotes, 
Sobri'etas,  Sobri'ety.  Moderation,  opposed  to 
gluttony  and  drunkenness.  The  advantage  of 
temperance,  in  a  hygienic  point  of  view,  re* 
quires  no  comment. 

TEMPERAATS,  Sedatives. 

TEMPERATIO,  Temperament. 

TEMPERATURA,  Temperament. 

TEMPERIES,  Temperament. 

TEMPLE,  Tern-pus,  Crol'aphus,  (F.)  Tempi. 
A  depression,  on  each  side  of  the  head,  between 
the  forehead  and  eye  anteriorly,  and  the  ear 
posteriorly.  The  temples,  distinguished  into 
right  and  left,  correspond  to  the  temporal  fossa 
on  each  side.  The  word  is  said  to  be  from  the 
Latin  tempvs,  'time,'  because  in  this  part  the  hair 
first  begins  to  turn  white,  and  to  indicate  age. 

TEMPORAL,  Temporalis.  That  which  re- 
lates to  the  temples. 

Temporal  Aponeurosis  is  a  very  strong 
aponeurosis,  of  a  bluish,  shining  colour,  which 
is  attached  to  the  whole  of  the  curved  line  of 
the  temporal  bone;  to  the  posterior  edge  of  the 
malar  bone;  to  the  superior  margin  of  the 
zygomatic  arch,  and  forms  an  envelope  for  the 
temporal  muscle. 

Temporal  or  Crot'aphite  Arteries,  are 
several.  1.  The  Temporal  Artery,  properly  so 
called,  arises  from  the  outer  side  of  the  superior 
part  of  the  external  carotid.  It  ascends  between 
the  ramus  of  the  jaw,  the  meatus  auditorius  ex- 
ternus,  and  the  parotid  gland,  which  covers  it 
as  far  as  the  zygomatic  arch.  Above  this,  it 
becomes  subcutaneous ;  and,  when  it  has  at- 
tained the  middle  of  the  temporal  region,  it  di- 
vides into  two  brandies:  the  one  anterior — A. 
temporalis  frontalis  seu  interna  sen  anterior;  and 
the  other  posterior — the  A.  temporalis  occipita- 
lis sou  externa  seu  superior.  The  temporal 
artery,  before  its  division,  gives  off,  1.  Branches 
to  the  parotid;  to  the  joint  of  the  lower  jaw; 
to  the  meatus  audttorius,  and  to  the  masseter. 
2.  The  transverse  artery  of  the  face.  3.  The 
middle  temporal,  which  arises  beneath  the  cheek- 
bone, and  traverses  the  temporal  aponeurosis, 
immediately  beneath  that  bone.  II.  The  Deep- 
seated  Tcm'porals,  A.  tempora'les  profit  n' rice. 
These  are  two  in  number.  They  arise  from  the 
internal  maxillary, and  have  been  distinguished, 


TEMPORAL  BONE 


735    TENNESSEE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF 


from  their  position,  into  anterior  and  posterior. 
They  send  their  principal  divisions  into  the 
temporal  muscle. 

Temporal  Bone,  Os  tem' ports  seu  tempora'li 
seu  arcua'lB  seu  arrna'ls  seu  lapideum  seu  fapi- 
do'sinn  seu  saxeum  seu  petro'sum  seu  Uthoi'des 
seu  Itpidoi'des  seu  Sauamo'sum  seu  sqnamifor'- 
rut  seu  durum  seu  mendo'sum  seu  prxrup'tx 
rupi  ussimila'tum  seu  nervu'/e,  crotfapkus,  is 
seated  at  the  lateral  and  inferior  part  of  the 
cranium,  of  which  it  forms  part;  and  contains, 
within  it,  the  special  organs  of  audition.  It  is 
usually  divided  into  three  portions: — 1.  The 
squamous,  Purs  squamo'sa,  (F.)  Portion  icuil- 
leuse  ou  sqtuuneuse.  2.  The  mastoid  portion, 
and  3.  The  Petrous  portion,  Purs  petro'sa,  Pyr'- 
amis  trigo'na,  (F.)  Portion  pier  reuse,  Rocker,  Os 
pitreux,  Apophyse  pyramidale,  A.  pltrle.  It  has, 
first,  an  auricular  or  external  face,  on  which  is  a 
surface  that  makes  part  of  the  temporal  fossa; 
the  zygomatic  process,-  the  glenoid  cavity,-  the 
fissure  nf  Glaserius  ,•  the  meatus  auditorial  exler- 
nus;  the  mastoid  process,-  the  digastric  groove,- 
the  canalis  caroticus;  the  jugular  foss'a;  the 
styloid  process;  the  stylo-mastoid  foramen,  &c. 
2.  A  cerebral  or  internal  surface,  which  corres- 
ponds to  the  cavity  of  the  cranium  and  on  which 
is  the  Pars  petrosa,  the  hiatus  Fullupii,  the  mea- 
tus auditorius  internus,  the  fissure  of  the  aqux- 
ductus  vestibuli,  a  portion  of  the  gutter  for  the 
lateral  sinus,  &c  3.  A  circumference,  on  which 
is  observed  the  orifice  of  the  bony  portion  of  the 
Eustachian  tube  and  the  aquxductus  cochleae,  &c. 
The  temporal  hone  is  articulated  with  the  sphe- 
noid, occipital,  parietal,  malar,  and  inferior 
maxillary  bones.  It  is  developed  from  five 
points  of  ossification. 

Temporal  Fossa  is  an  excavation,  observed 
at  each  side  of  the  head.  It  is  filled  by  the 
muscle  whose  name  it  bears,  and  is  formed  by 
the  temporal  and  sphenoid,  below;  by  the  pa- 
rietal and  frontal  bones,  above;  is  separated,  by 
a  transverse  crista,  from  the  zygomatic  fossa; 
and  completed,  before,  by  the  cheek  bone. 

Temporal  Muscle,  Temporalis,  Arcadi-tem- 
poromuxi/Joire,  Crotaphi'tes,  TemporoniaxiUaire 
(Ch.)  is  a  broad,  flattened,  triangular  muscle, 
which  fills  the  temporal  fossa.  Its  fibres  are 
attached  to  the  temporal  aponeurosis  and  fossa; 
and  all  converge  into  a  strong  tendon,  which 
passes  under  the  zygomatic  arch,  and  is  in- 
serted into  the  coronoid  process  of  the  lower 
jaw.  This  muscle  raises  the  lower  jaw,  and 
applies  the  teeth  against  each  other. 

Temporal  Nerves.  These  are  distinguished 
into  the  superficial  temporal,  furnished  by  the 
inferior  maxillary  branch  of  the  5th  pair,  be- 
hind the  condyle  of  the  jaw;  and  the  teinporaks 
profundi, — anterior  and  posterior,  furnished  by 
the  same  nerve,  at  its  exit  from  the  cranium. 
Sommering  has  given  the  name  temporal  to  the 
divisions  sent  by  the  facial  nerve  to  the  tempo- 
ral region. 

Temporal  Veins  were  formerly  called  JEtoi 
or  A'etoi  Phhbes,  Aifuilx  Venic. 

TliMPORO- AURICULA  I  RE,  Attollens  au- 
rem — /.  M*txillaire,  Temporal  muscle. 

TEMPORO-M AXILLARY,  Tem'poro-maxil- 
la'ris.  That  which  belongs  to  the  temporal 
bone  and  lower  jaw. 

Ti .,mi'oi:o-m axillary  Articulation  or  joint 
of  the  lower  jaw,  is  seated  between  the  glenoid 
cavity  and  transverse  process  of  the  temporal 


bone  on  the  one  hand,  and  the  condyle  of  the 
lower  jaw  on  the  other.  Two  thin  cartilages 
cover  the  surfaces  of  these  bones.  The  one  is 
common  to  the  transverse  process  and  the  por- 
tion of  the  glenoid  cavity,  anterior  to  the  fis- 
sure of  Glaserius;  the  other  belongs  to  the  con- 
dyle. This  articulation  is  furnished  with  an 
inter-articular  fibro-cartilage,  two  synovial  cap- 
sules, and  two  lateral  ligaments: — the  one  in- 
ternal, and  the  other  external. 

Temporo-maxillauy  Nerves  of  Bichat  are 
the  divisions  of  the  facial  nerve,  distributed  to 
the  temporal  and  maxillary  regions. 

TEMPUS,  Temple. 

TEMULEN'TI A,  Ebri'etas,  Drunk' enness,  (F.) 
leresse.  Plater  gave  this  name  to  delirium; 
Ettmuller,  to  an  apoplectic  condition,  depend- 
ing upon  drunkenness — the  Apoplex'ia  temulen'- 
la,  or  dead  drunkenness.  Commonly,  Tcmu- 
lentia  is  used  synonymously  with  drunkenness, 
Mcthe,  and  is  often  employed  in  the  descrip- 
tion of  diseases  to  indicate  a  stale  resembling 
drunkenness.  Mania  e  temulentid  is  the  same 
as  Delirium  tremens,  (q.  v.) 

TENACULA,  Bone-nippers— t.Volsella,  For- 
ceps (lithotomy.) 

TENACULUM,  from  teneo,  'I  hold.'  A 
kind  of  fine  hook  attached  to  a  handle  which  is 
thrust  through  the  parietes  of  a  blood-vessel  to 
draw  it  out  and  enable  it  to  be  tied. 

Tenaculum,  Assalini's.  An  ingenious  in- 
strument, invented  by  Assalini.  It  consists  of 
a  forceps,  or  double  tenaculum,  the  points  of 
which  are  fine,  sharp,  and  bifurcated,  so  as  to 
be  readily  received  into  each  other  when  the 
instrument  is  closed  on  the  artery,  which  it  is 
by  a  spring.  It  is  of  great  use  when  the  sur- 
geon has  no  assistant  at  h;md.  The  instrument 
is  ficrured  in  S.  Cooper's,  "First  Lines." 

TENAILLE  LYCISIVE,  Bone-nippers. 

TENDON,  Tendo,  Pronervu'tio,  from  tjhw, 
'I  stretch:'  Tenon,  a  Sinew.  A  fibrous  cord, 
more  or  less  round,  long,  or  flattened;  of  a 
white,  pearl  colour,  and  composed  of  very  close 
parallel  fibres.  The  tendons  are  attached  to 
the  bones,  by  one  extremity;  by  the  other,  they 
receive  the  insertions  of  the  fleshy  fibres :  some- 
times they  afford  attachment  to  fleshy  fibres  at 
both  ends; — as  in  the  digastric  muscle.  The 
tendons  must  be  considered  as  so  many  cords, 
for  transmitting  the  motion  of  muscles  to  the 
bones  or  levers. 

TEA'DON D'ACHJLLE,  Achillis  tendo. 

TENDONS,  TWITCHING  OF  THE,  Sub- 
sultus  tendinum. 

TENEOTOMIA,  Tenotomy. 

TENESME,  Tenesmus  —  t.  de  I'CEsophage, 
CEsophatrismus  —  t.  Vesical,  Bradysuria. 

TENE'S'MUS,  Teines'mos,  Tinas' mus,  from 
T£iiu),  '1  stretch;'  Proe'tica  Tenesmus,  Proctos- 
jias'mus,  Obstipa'tio  Tenesmus,  (F.)  Tvnesme 
lipreintcs.  Frequent,  vain,  and  painful  desires 
to  go  to  stool;— one  of  the  chief  symptoms  of 
inflammation  of  the  lining  membrane  of  the 
digestive  tube,  as  of  dysentery. 

Tknesmds  Vesicae,  Bradysuria. 

TENETTES,  Forceps  (craniotomy.) 
TIIjXIA,  Taenia. 

TENNESSEE',  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
On  the  waters  of  French  Broad  River,  in  this 
state,  is  a  large,  clear,  thermal  spring.  The 
heat  is  so  great  that,  on  first  going  into  the 
water,  it  is  almost  insupportable. 


TENON 


736 


TERES  LIGAMENTUM 


TENON,  Tendon. 

TENONT'AGRA,  from  rtvav,  '  tendon,'  and 
uyoct,  'seizure.'  A  variety  of  gout;  which  af- 
fects the  tendinous  parts  of  muscles,  or  the  ten- 
dinous ligaments,  which  strengthen  certain  ar- 
ticulations. 

TENONTOTOM1A,  Tenotomy. 

TENONTOTRO'TI,  from  xtvm,  'tendon,' 
and  TiTQwoxw,  'I  wound.'  They  who  are  wounded 
in  the  tendons. — Galen. 

TENOTOMY,  Tenotom'ia,  Teneotom'ia,  Te- 
nontom'ia,  from  Ttvwv,  'a  tendon,'  and  roptrj, 
'  incision.'  The  operation  of  dividing  a  tendon, 
often  practised  for  the  removal  of  loxarthrus 
or  deviation  of  the  joints — as  in  club  foot. 

TENSEUR  DE  VAPONlVROSE  F&MO- 
RALE,  Fascia  lata  muscle. 

TEN'SION,  Ten' do,  Tensu'ra,  Tasis,  Diat'- 
asis,  Entonia,  (Entonia  is  also  used  for  over- 
tension,)  Conten'sio,  Distcn'sio,  from  tendere, 
1  to  stretch.'  State  of  a  part,  which  is  stretched, 
when  its  textures  are  distended  by  the  afflux 
of  fluids,  or  the  accumulation  of  gas;  or  when 
its'fibres  are  drawn,  as  it  were,  in  an  opposite 
direction,  and  are,  consequently,  more  resisting 
than  usual. 

TENSOR  TARSI.  A  small  muscle,  belong- 
ing to  the  inner  commissure  of  the  eyelids,  well 
described  by  Professor  Horner,  of  Philadelphia, 
and  hence  termed,  also,  Muscle  of  Horner.  It 
is  about  three  lines  broad  and  six  long;  arises 
from  the  posterior  flat  surface  of  the  os  unguis, 
near  its  junction  with  the  ethmoid  bone,  and 
passes  forwards  and  outwards,  lying  on  the  pos- 
terior face  of  the  lachrymal  ducts.  As  it  ap- 
proaches the  commissure  of  the  lids,  it  splits 
into  two  nearly  equal  parts;  each  of  which  is 
appropriated  to  a  duct,  and  inserted  along  its 
course,  almost  to  the  punctum  lachrymale. 
Its  chief  office  seems  to  be,  to  influence  the 
position  of  the  puncta  lacrymalia,  and  to  re- 
gulate the  course  of  the  tears  through  the  la- 
chrymal ducts. 

Tensor  Palati,  Circumflexus  musculus. 

Tensor  Tym'pani,  Inter' nus  Jiuris,  Jnternus 
Mal'lei,  Sal 'pin go-mullien.  A  small  muscle,  which 
arises  from  the  petrous  portion  of  the  temporal 
bone,  and  the  cartilage  of  the  Eustachian  tube, 
and  terminates  by  a  tendon,  which  is  reflected 
over  the  processus  cochleaformis,  and  is  in- 
serted into  the  apophysis  of  the  handle  of  the 
malleus. 

Tensor  Vaginae  Femoris,  Fascia  lata  muscle. 

TENSURA,  Tension. 

TENSUS,  Penis. 

TEINT,  Tenia,  Turun'da,  Penic'ulus,  Penicil.'- 
lus,  Penicil'/urn,  Motos,  Lemniscus ,-  (F.)  Tenle, 
Mcclic,  from  tenlurc,  '  to  try  or  explore.'  In  sur- 
gery, tents  are  small  rolls  of  lint,  of  a  cylindrical 
or  pyramidal  shape,  which  are  introduced  into 
wounds  and  deep  ulcers,  to  prevent  them  from 
closing  before  they  are  filled  up  from  the  bottom. 
Tents  are  sometimes  also  made  of  prepared 
sponge,  gentian  root,  &c.  They  are  not  so 
much  used  as  they  formerly  were. 

TENTACULAR1A,  Filaria  hominis  bron- 
chialis. 

TENTACULUM  CEREBELLI,  Tentorium. 

TEjXTE,  Tent—/,  du  Certelct,  Tentorium. 

TENTIGO  VENEREA,  Nymphomania— t. 
Veretri,  Satyriasis. 

TENTIPEL'LUM,  from  iendo,  'I  stretch,' 
and  pellis,  'the  skin.'     Ancient  name  of  a  cos- 


metic, with  which,  it  was  pretended,  wrinkles 
could  be  effaced. 

TENTO'RIUM,  T.cercbcl'lo  super-exten'sum, 
T.  cerebelli,  Tenlac'ulum  cerebelli,  Septum  trans- 
verse, (Ch.)  Transverse  Septum,  Septum  enceph'- 
ali,  Inter  sep'ta  horizonla'lia  Pacchio'ni,  Processus 
transversus  durse  matris,  Lateral  Processes  of 
the  Dura  Mater,  Diaphrag'  ma  cerebri,  (F.)  Tentc 
du  cervtltt,  Plancher  du  Cervcau,  from  tendere, 
tentum,  'to  stretch.'  A  process  of  the  dura 
mater,  which  separates  the  cerebrum  from  the 
cerebellum.  It  extends  from  the  internal  hori- 
zontal spine  of  the  occipital  bone,  directly  for- 
wards to  the  sella  turcica  of  the  sphenoid. 

Tentorium  Cerebello,  Tentorium. 

TENTUM,  Penis. 

TENTWORT,  Asplenium  ruta  muraria. 

TENUIS  MATER,  Pia  mater. 

TEPIDARIUM,  see  Stove. 

TEPLITZ,  Toeplitz. 

TERAS,  Monster. 

TERATOL'OGY,  Teratolog"'ia,from  rtoac,— 
'genitive,'  tsquto?,  'a  monster,'  and  Aoyog,  'a 
discourse.'  A  description,  or  the  doctrine,  of 
monsters. 

TEREBELLA,  Trepan.' 

TEREBIN'THINA,  from  tsq,.>.it$o?,  or  rtoe- 
(livdo;,  'the  turpentine  tree.'  Tur'veniine,  Bo- 
tin,  Albolim,  Altilibat,  Brulino,  (F.)  Tercben- 
thine.  A  substance,  of  the  consistence  of  honey, 
which  flows  from  many  trees  of  the  terebin- 
thaces,  and  coniferae  families.  It  is  viscid; 
shining;  more  or  less  transparent;  inflammable; 
of  a  warm,  pungent  taste;  strong  smell,  and  is 
entirely  composed  of  resin  and  essential  oil, 
without  benzoic  acid.  It  is  soluble  in  alcohol. 
See  Turpentines,  and  Finns  palustris  and  Pinus 
sylvestris.  All  the  turpentines  are  stimulant, 
diuretic,  and  cathartic. 

Terebinthina  Argentokatensis,  see  Pinus 
picea — t.  Balsamea,  see  Pinus  balsamea — t. 
Canadensis,  see  Pinus  balsamea — t.  Chia,  see 
Pistacia  terebinthus — t.  Communis,  see  Pinus 
sylvestris  — t.  Cypria,  see  Pistacia  terebinthus 
—  t.  Empyreumatica,  see  Pinus  sylvestris — t. 
Veneta,  see  Pinus  larix — t.  Vera,  see  Pistacia 
terebinthus — t.  Vulgaris,  see  Pinus  sylvestris. 

TERllBENTHLXE,  Terebinthina-/.  de  Bor- 
deaux,see  Pinus  sylvestris — t.  de  Chio,  see  Pis- 
tacia terebinthus — t.de  Copahu, Copaiba — t.  Com- 
mune, see  Pinus  sylvestris — t.  d'£gypte,  see 
Amyris  opobolsamum — t.  de  Gil  cad,  see  Amyris 
opobalsamuin — I.  du  Grand  Cttire,  see  Amyris 
opobalsamum — /.  de  Judee,  see  Amyris  opobal- 
samum — t.  de  Mcleze,  see  Pinus  larix — t.  de 
V'enisc,  see  Pinus  larix. 

TEREBINTHUS,  Terminthus— t.  Gummi- 
fera,  Bursera  gummifera — t.  Lentiscus,  Pistacia 
lentisens — t.  Vulgaris,  Pistacia  terebinthus. 

TEREBR A,  Trepan. 

TEREB RATIO,  Trepanning. 

TEREDO,  Caries,  Spina  ventosa. 

TERES,  Slron'gylus,  Cylindroi'des,  'long  and 
round,'  (q.  v  )  An  epithet  given  to  many  or- 
gans, the  fibres  of  which  are  collected  into 
round  fasciculi. 

Teres  Lig'amen'tum,  (F.)  Ligament  rond. 
This  name  is  given  to  the  round  ligament  in 
the  cotyloid  cavity  of  the  os  innominatum, 
which  is  attached  to  the  head  of  the  bone,  and 
to  the  bottom  of  the  cavity.  It  is  also  given 
to  a  small  fibrous  fascia,  which  extends  from 


TERES  MAJOR 


737 


TESTICLE 


the  coronoid  process  of  the  ulna  to  below  the 
bicipilal  tubercle  of  the  radius. 

Teres  Major,  Anguli-scnpub  humeral,  Sca- 
pulo-humerul,  (Ch.)  (F.)  Grand  rond,  is  situate 
at  the  inferior  and  posterior  part  of  the  shoulder. 
It  is  attached,  on  the  one  hand,  to  the  outer 
surface  of  the  inferior  angle  of  the  scapula;  to 
the  corresponding  part  of  its  axillary  margin; 
and,  on  the  other,  to  the  posterior  margin  of 
the  bicipital  groove  of  the  humerus.  It  carries 
the  arm  backwards  and  inwards,  and  carries  it 
also  inwards  in  rotation.  When  it  acts  with 
the  longissimus  dorsi  and  pectoralis  major,  it 
applies  the  arm  against  the  lateral  part  of  the 
chest,  and  keeps  it  forcibly  there. 

Teres  Minor,  Murgini-sus-scapulo-frochitc- 
rien,  Nanus  hu'meri  Placenti'ni,  I.c  plus  "petit 
sus-scapulu-trochiterien,  (Ch.)  (F.)  Petit,  rond,  is 
situate  at  the  posterior  and  inferior  part  of  the 
shoulder:  it  is  narrow  and  flattened,  from  above 
to  below,  in  its  inner  half;  and,  from  before  to 
behind,  in  the  outer.  It  is  attached,  on  the 
one  part,  to  the  outer  surface  of  the  scapula, 
near  its  inferior  angle;  and,  on  the  other,  to  the 
inferior  part  of  the  great  tuberosity  of  the  hu- 
merus. It  depresses  the  arm,  and  causes  it  to 
turn  on  its  axis  from  within  outwards.  It  also 
carries  it  backwards. 

TERESIS,  Observation. 

TERETRON,  Trepan. 

TERGEMINI,  Trigemini. 

TERGUM,  Dorsum,  Vertebral  column. 

TERMINALLY,  see  Myrobalanus. 

TERMINOLOGY,  Nomenclature.  ' 

TERMIN'THUS,  Terebin! thus,  from  TSQfttv- 
^o?,  'the  turpentine  tree.'  Phyma  Anthrax 
Termintktts,  Berry  or  Fungous  carbuncle.  The 
ancients  gave  this  name  to  a  tumour,  sur- 
mounted by  a  black  pustule,  and  resembling 
the  fruit  of  the  turpentine  tree. 

Terminthus,  Pistacia  terebinthus. 

TERMINUS  SUPERIOR  ASPERSE  AR- 
TERLE,  Larynx. 

TERMS,  Menses. 

TERRA  ABSORBENS  MINERALIS,  Mag- 
nesias carbonas — t.  Aluminis,  Argilla  pura — t. 
Amara,  Magnesiae  carbonas — t.  Amara  sulphu- 
rica,  Magnesias  sulphas — t.  Bolaris,  Argilla  pura 
— t.  Foliata,  Sulphur — t.  Foliata  mineralis.  Soda 
ace  lata — t.  Foliata  tartari,  Potassae  acetas — t. 
Fornacum,  see  Bricks — t.  Fullonica,  Cimolia 
purpurescens — t.  Japonica,  Catechu. 

Terra  Lem'nia,  Argilla  bolus  flava,  Lcmnian 
Earth,  Li nip'nias.  A  name  given  by  the  an- 
cients to  a  solid,  reddish,  astringent  substance, 
prepared  with  the  pulp  of  the  fruit  of  the 
Baobab,  an  African  tree,  according  to  Prosper 
Alpinus.  It  seems,  however,  to  be  an  argilla- 
ceous earth.  It  has  been  employed  as  an 
astringent. 

Terra  Livon'ica.  A^  Terra  sigilla'ta  or  sealed 
earth  from  Livonia,  redder  than  that  from  Sile- 
sia, and  very  astringent. 

Terra  Merita,  Curcuma  longa. 

Terra  Noceria'na.  A  whitish,  soft,  and 
astringent  earth,  found  in  the  environs  of  No- 
cera,  in  Italy. 

Terra  Orlea'na,  Pigmen'tum  urucu,  Urncu, 
(F.)  Rocou  Rovcou,  Blchet.  A  pigmental  matter 
obtained  from  the  seeds  of  the  Bixa  Orleana. 
In  Jamaica,  it  is  recommended  in  dysentery, 
and  is  considered  to  possess  astringent  and  sto- 


machic qualities.     It  is  called,  according  to  its 
shape,  Flag  Annofto,  Roll  or  Egg  Annotlo. 

Spanish  Annotlo,  Bixa,  is  in  small,  oblong 
cakes.  It  is  chiefly  employed  as  a  colouring 
matter. 

Terra  Pondekosa,  Baryta — t.  Ponderosa 
niuriata,  Baryta,  muriate  of — t.  Ponderosa  sa- 
lita,  Baryta,  muriate  of — t.  Saponaria,  Cimolia 
purpurescens. 

Terra  Portugal'lica,  Barros,  Bucaros.  A 
reddish,  astringent,  styptic  earth,  obtained  from 
Portugal. 

Terra  Sigilla'ta,  Sealed  Earth.  A  bole  or 
earthy  matter,  made  into  little  cakes  or  flat 
masses,  and  stamped  with  certain  impressions, 
as  with  the  head  of  the  Grand  Seignior.  To 
these  belong  the  Terra  Silesiaca,  Terra  Lemnia, 
T.  Turcica.     See  Bolus  alba. 

Terra  Silesiaca,  see  Terra  sigillata — t.  Tal- 
cosa  oxyanthracodes,  Magnesia;  carbonas — t. 
Turcica,  see  Terra  sigillata — t.  Vitrioli  dulcis, 
Colcothar. 

TERRAPIN,  Emys  palustris. 

TERRE  BOLAIRE,Bo\us—t.JYoix,  Bunium 
bulbocastanum — t.  Pesante,  Baryta — t.  Sigillce, 
Bolus  alba. 

TERRETTE,  Glecoma  hederacea. 

TERTIAN  FEVER,  Febris  terlia'na,  An'etus 
tertianus,  Tritse'us,  Tertian  Ague,  (F.)  Fievre 
tierce.  An  intermittent,  whose  paroxysms  re- 
cur every  third  day,  or  every  48  hours.  The 
mildest,  and  the  most  pernicious,  intermittents 
belong  to  this  head.  As  a  general  principle,  it 
is  the  most  manageable  form  of  a  (rue. 

TERTIANARIA,  Scutellaria  galericulata. 

TESSARA,  Cuboid. 

TESSELLA.Tahella. 

TEST,  DANIEL'S,  see  Docimasia  pulmo- 
num— t.  Hydrostatic,  see  Docimasia  pulmonum 
— t.  Ploucquet's,  see  Docimasia  pulmonum — t. 
Static,  see  Docimasia  pulmonum. 

TESTA  PR^EPARA'TA,  Prepared  Oyster- 
shell.  Oyster-shell,  freed  from  extraneous  mat- 
ter, washed  with  boiling  water,  reduced  to 
powder,  and  prepared  in  the  same  manner  as 
Creta  prceparata. 

Testa,  see  Ostrea. 

TESTA'CEOUS,  from  testa,  'a  shell.'  A 
powder,  consisting  of  burnt  shells.  Tliese  con- 
tain carbonate  of  lime  chiefly,  and  hence  the 
term  has  been  applied  to  cretaceous  substances. 
See  Creta. 

TESTAE  FORNACE,^,  Bricks-t.  Ostrea;, 
see  Ostrea. 

TESTES.  The  Testicles  (q.  v.)  Vulgarly,  the 
Stones.  A  name,  also,  given  to  the  inferior  tu- 
bercles of  the  corpora  quadrigemina,  (q.  v.)  to 
distinguish  them  from  the  superior,  called  Nates. 

TESTICLE,  Testis,  Testic'ulus,  Orchis,  Co'- 
lens,  Did'ymus,  Gem'ini  (pi.;)  Gemelli  (pi.;) 
Ovum,  (Y.)  Test.ir.uk,  from  testis,  'a  witness,' 
because  the  testicles  are  evidences  of  virility. 
The  name  of  two  glandular  organs,  contained 
in.  the  scrotum,  whose  office  is  to  secrete  sperm. 
They  are  formed  of  a  gray  and  softish  sub- 
stance, composed  of  tortuous  canals,  called  Tu'- 
buli  seminif'eri  vel  Vasa  semina'lia,  folded  on 
each  other,  and  of  extreme  fineness;  the  num- 
ber of  which,  according  to  the  estimate  of 
Monro,  is  02,500,  and  the  total  length  5,208 
feet.  All  these  canals,  uniting  in  their  course, 
pass  through  the  corpus  Highmorianum,  con- 
cur in  forming  the  epididymis,  and  give  origin 


TESTICLE,  SWELLED 


733 


TEUCRIUM  MARUM 


10  the  vas  deferens.  The  testicles  are  covered, 
immediately,  by  a  fibrous  membrane,  of  an 
opake  white  colour,  and  very  tough,  called 
Tu'nica  Albugin'ea,  or,  simply,  Albuginea,  Peri- 
tes'tis,  of  which  the  corpus  Highmorianum  is 
only  an  enlargement.  Over  this,  again,  is  the 
tunica  vaginalis,  the  second  envelope  of  the 
testis. 

Testicle,  Swelled.  Hernia  humoralis. 

TESTICONDUS,  Crypsorchis. 

TEST! GULF,,  Testicle. 

TESTICULUS  ACCESSORIUS,  Epididy- 
mis— t.  Caninus,  Orchis  mascula. 

TESTIS  FEMINEUS,  Ovary— t.  Minor, 
Prostate — t    Muliebris,  Ovary. 

TESTUDINATIO  CRANII,  Camarosis. 

TESTU'DO,  Chelo'ne,  (F.)  Tortve.  A  genus 
of  reptiles,  including  the  turtle,  the  flesh  of 
which  is  much  esteemed  as  an  article  of  diet. 

Also,  an  encysted  tumour,  which  has  been 
supposed  to  resemble  the  shell  of  a  turtle;  Em- 
pity' ma  cncys'lis  gan'glion.     See  Ganglion. 

Testudo,  Fornix. 

TETANIC,  Tctan'icum,  Convulsi'vum,  Con- 
vulsive, from  rtirw,  '1  stretch.'  A  remedy 
which  acts  on  the  nerves,  and,  through  them, 
on  the  muscles,  occasioning,  in  large  doses, 
convulsions.  The  chief  agents  of  this  class  are 
Nux  Vomica,  Strychnia,  Brucia,  Arnica  and  Tox- 
icodendron. 

Ahn.  an  epithet  for  a  tonic  convulsion. 
.TETANOMATA,  Tetanothra. 

TETANO'THRA,  Tetanom'ata,  Erugato'ria, 
from  rtravog, '  free  from  wrinkles.'  Medicines 
which  remove  wrinkles. — Gorraeus. 

TETANUS,  from  teuxb,  'I  stretch;'  Spasm 
loith  rigidity,  Convul'sio  In'dica,  Holoton'icos, 
Rio-or  nervo'sus,  Exten'sio  seu  Disten'siu,  Enta'- 
sia  Tetanus,  Cut'ochus  cervi'nus,  Cat.ochus  holo- 
ton'icus.  A  disease  which  consists  in  a  perma- 
nent contraction  of  all  the  muscles  or  merely 
of  some,  without  alternations  of  relaxation.  It 
is  characterized  by  closure  of  the  jaws:  diffi- 
culty or  impracticability  of  deglutition;  rigidity 
and  immobility  of  the  limbs  and  trunk,  which 
is  sometimes  curved  forwards  (Emproslhot'onos, 
q.  v.;)  sometimes  backwards  (Opisthol'onos,  q. 
v.;)  and  sometimes  to  one  side,  {Plcurothot'onos, 
q.  v.)  When  tetanus  is  confined  to  the  muscles 
of  the  jaws,  it  is  called  Trismus.  It  is  a  most 
formidable  affection.  The  means  of  treatment 
are: — copious  and  repeated  blood-letting;  bath- 
ing, cold  and  warm;  powerful  doses  of  opium, 
and  other  narcotics.  In  Traumat'ic  Tetanus,  or 
that  which  supervenes  on  a  wound,  every  ex- 
traneous matter  must,  of  course,  be  removed 
from  the  wound,  and  soothing  applications  be 
made  to  it. 

Tetanus  Anticus,  Emprosthotonos — t.  Do- 
lorificus,  Cramp — t.  Dorsalis,  Opisthotonos — t. 
Lateralis.  Pleurotholonos — t.  Maxillae  inferioris, 
Trismus — t.Postergane  us,  Opisthotonos — t.  Pos- 
ticus, Opisthotonos. 

TETART^US,  Quartan. 

TETARTOPHI'A,  from  tstkotoc,  'the 
fourth,' and  tpvm,  'I  arise.'  Quarta'nus  remit' - 
lens.  A  quartan,  in  which  the  intermission  is 
inordinately  short  or  imperfect. 

TETE.  Caput,  Head— t.  de  Ve.au,  Elephanti- 
asis of  the  Greeks. 

TETRADRACH'MON,  from  rtTnag,  'four,' 
and  Sqaxft*),  'a  drachm.'  A  weight  of  four 
drachms  or  half  an  ounce. 


TETRAGONUS,  Platysma  myoides. 

TETRAMY'RON,  from  tttQas,  'four,'  and 
p.vQov,  'an  ointment.'     An  ointment  of  four  in- 
gredients.    Galen. 
°  TETRANGURIA,  Cucurbita  citrullus. 

TETRANTHF/RA  PICHU'RIM,  Faba  Pi'- 
churim.  The  seeds  of  this  Brazilian  plant  have 
been  used  in  diarrhoea,  dysentery, flatulent  colic, 
&c     Dose,  ^ij. 

TETRA'6  COTUR'NIX,  Coturnix,-  the 
Quail,  (F.)  Caille.  The  quail  is  an  esteemed 
article  of  diet.  The  Greek  name  is  oorvi;  and 
the  places,  called  Ortygia,  are  named  after  it. 
The  excrements  of  the  quail  were  formerly  ex- 
tolled in  epilepsy,  and  the  fat  in  specks  of  the 
eye. 

TETRAPHAR'MACUM,  from  rnnac,  'four,' 
and  tpuQuaxor,  'a  medicine.'  A  medicine  con- 
sisting of  four  ingredients. 

TETRAS'CELUS,  from  tsto*,  'four,'  and 
crxiXoq,  'leg.'  A  monster  having  four  legs. — 
Gurlt. 

TETROB'O  LON.  The  weight  of  four  oboli, 
or  two  scruples. —  Gorrams. 

TETROROS,  Astragalus. 

TETTER,  Herpes— t.  Crusted,  Impetigo— t. 
Honeycomb,  Porrigo  favosa — t.  H  umid,  Eczema 
impetigo — t.  Milky,  Forrigo  larvalis — t.  Pustu- 
lar, Impetigo — t.  Running,  Impetigo — t.  Scaly, 
Psoriasis. 

TETTERWORT,  Chelidoninm  mnjus. 

TEU'CRIUM  CHAM^E'DRYS.  Chamsedrys, 
C.  minor  repens,  C.  vulga'ris,  Quer'cula  minor 
seu  Calamandri'na,  Trissa.'go,  Chums! drops, 
Trixa'go,  Common  German' der.  Creeping  Ger- 
mander, Small  Germander,  English  Treacle, 
(F.)  Petit  chine,  Germandree  officinale.  Family, 
Labials.  Sex.  Syst.  Didynamia  Gymnospermia. 
This  is  possessed  of  aromatic  and  bitter  pro- 
perties.   The  dose  of  the  dried  powder  is  from 

3ssto3J- 

Teucrium  Cham;ep'itys,  Cham&pilys,  Ar- 
thet'ica,  Arlhrclica,  Aju'ga,  A.  Chamxpfitys, 
JUnga,  Chamccmo'rum,  lea  artkrit'iea,  Holocyron, 
Io'nia,  Sideri'tis,  Common  Groundpine.  (F.)  Pe- 
tite Icette.  Properties  like  the  last.  The  tops 
or  leaves  have  been  recommended  as  aperients 
and  tonics;  especially  in  female  obstructions, 
and  in  paralytic  disorders. 

Teucrium  Cret'icum,  Poley-mountain  of 
Candy,  Polium  Cret'icum.  The  tops  and  whole 
herb  enter  into  the  old  compounds — Mithridate 
and  Theriaca.  It  has  a  moderately  aromatic 
smell;  and  a  nauseous,  bitter  taste,  and  is 
placed  among  the  aperients  and  corroborants. 

Teucrium  Capita'tum,  or  Poley-mountain  nf 
Montpel'lier,  Polium  monta'num,  is,  generally, 
substituted  for  the  last.  The  common  Poley 
mountain  is  the  Teucrium  monta'num ,-  and  the 
Golden  Poley-mountain,  the  Teucrium  Polium, 
Pol  ion. 

Teucrium  Flavum  has  similar  properties  to 
T.  chamaodrys. 

Teucrium  Iva,  Chammp'itys  moscha'ta,  ha 
moscha'ta  Monspclicn'  shi  m,  lea,  Chamaepitys  an- 
thyl'Lus,  French  Groundpine,  (F.)  Ivette  mus- 
quce.  It  has  similar  virtues  to  the  Chamsepitys, 
but  weaker. 

Teucrium  Marum,  Marum  Syriacum,  Alarum 
Cret'icum,  Major  a' na  Syriaca,  Marum  rerum, 
M.  Cortu'si,  Chamx'drys,  inca'na  marit'ima, 
Marum  germander,  Syrian  herb  masttch,  Cat 
thyme,    Orig'anum  Syriacum,  (F.)  Marum   ou 


TEUCR1UM  SCORDIUM 


739 


THEORETICAL 


Germnniln'c  Maritime,  Thrbe  aux  chats.  A  very 
aromatic  plant,  of  a  camphorated  smell;  for- 
merly much  used  in  medicine  as  a  tonic,  an- 
tispasmodic, emrnenagogue,  <&c. 

Teuciuum  SconuiUM;  the  Water  Germander, 
Scordium,  Trisaa'go  palus'tris,  Ckamsedrys  pa- 
lustris,  Ml' Hum  red' ol  ens,  (F.)  Gcrmandrce  Sea- 
redone,  Sauge  des  Lois,  Germandrie  aquatique. 
The  leaves  have  a  garlicky  smell,  and  bitterish, 
and  slightly  pungent  taste.  It  has  the  tonic 
properties  of  the  other  Teucria. 

TEXTURE.  Ttxtu'ra,  from  texere,  texlum, 
'  to  weave.'  The  particular  arrangement  of  the 
tissues  that  constitute  an  organ. 

TEXTU'S,  Tissue— t.  Cellulosus,  Cellular 
tissue — t.  Desmosus,  Desmoid  tissue — t.  Organ- 
icus,  Cellular  tissue — t.  Papillaris,  Corpus  pa- 
pillare — t.  Parenehymalis,  Cellular  tissue. 

TH.ER1A,  Radzyge. 

THAL'AMUS,  daXauog,  (F.)  Couche,-  'a 
room  or  chamber;  a  bed.'  The  place  at  which 
a  nerve  originates,  or  has  been  considered  to 
originate.  , 

Thai/ami  Nervo'rum  Optico'tium  seu  Op'- 
tici,  Eminen'lise  magnae  cer'ebri,  Ganglia  cere- 
bri posli'ca.  Crura  medul'lm  oblonga'tai,  (of 
some,)  Stria' ti  cor' par  a  super 'na  posterio'ra, 
Collic'i/li  nervorum  opticorum,  (F.)  Coaches  des 
nerfs  ocul aires,  (Ch.,)  Couches  des  neifs  optiqu.es, 
Couches  opfiques.  Two  rounded  and  irregular 
surfaces,  which  are  seen  exposed  in  the  lateral 
ventricles  of  the  brain,  and  in  the  third  ventri- 
cle, the  inferior  surface  of  which  presents  two 
projections,  called  Corpora  genicula'ta,  that 
furnish  several  filaments  to  the  optic  nerves. 
The  name  was  given  from  a  belief  that  the 
optic  nerves  originate  from  them.  They,  how- 
ever, arise  more  posteriorly,  and  adhere  merely 
to  the  inner  margin  of  those  bodies.  Gall  con- 
siders, that  the  thaiami  act  as  ganglions  to  the 
nerves;  and,  hence,  he  calls  them  Grand  gang- 
lion cerebral  inferieur.  They  are  also  called 
Posterior  ganglion  of  the  cerebrum.  From  the 
thaiami  and  corpora  striata  fibres  proceed  up- 
wards to  constitute  the  convolutions  of  the 
brain,  and  the  various  bands  that  connect  the 
different  parts  of  the  brain  together.  The  upper 
and  inner  parts  of  the  thaiami  are  so  closely 
connected  as  to  form  one  continued  surface, 
called  Commissu'ra  mollis.  The  posterior  parts 
turn  downwards  and  outwards;  after  which 
they  are  elongated  to  form  the  two  white  cords, 
termed  Tractus  op'tici. 

THALIC'TRON,  Thalictrum,  T.  magnum,  T. 
flavum,  T. pines' cens,  Meadow-rue,  Thalic'trum, 
Poor  Man's  Rhubarb,  Rhabnr'barum  pau'perum, 
(F.)  Pigamon  jaun&lre,  Rue  des  pres,  Fausse- 
Rhubarbe,  Rhubarbe  des  pauvrcs.  Family,  Ra- 
nunculaceee.  Sex.  Syst.  Polyandria  Polygynia. 
The  root  resembles  rhubarb  in  its  properties. 

THALICTRUM,  Thalictron. 

THAMARINDUS,  Tamarindus. 

THANATODES.  Mortal. 

THANATOL'OGY,  Thanatolog"ia,  Thesco- 
h<r"ia.  from  Otcrarog,  'death,'  and  loyog,  'a 
discourse.'  A  description,  or  the  doctrine,  of 
death. 

THANATOS,  Death. 

THAF'SIA,  from  the  island  Ihapsus.  1  he 
deadly  carrot,  Thapsia  asck'pias.  Family,  Urn- 
belliferae.  SeX.  Syst.  Pentandna  Dijryma  The 
root  operates  violently,  both  upwards  and  down- 
wards.    It  is  not  used. 


THAPSUS  BARBATUS,  Verbascum  ni- 
grum. 

THARSI,  see  Tarsus. 

THE.  Thea — t.  des  Jtpnlachrs,  Ilex  vomitoria 
— t.  de  France,  Salvin— I.  d'  Europe,  Veronica — 
t.  de  la  Mer  du  sad,  Ilex  vomitoria—/.  du  Mcx- 
ique,  Chenopodium  ambrosioides — t.  de  Simon 
Pao/i.  Myrica  gale — t.  Suisse,  Falltranck. 

THEA,  Chaa,  Tea,  (F.)  The.  There  are  two 
principal  species  of  tea-plant; — the  Thea  Bo- 
he'a,  and  Thea  vir'idis;  the  black  tea.  and  the 
green.  Family,  Hesperideffi.  Sea;.  Syst.  Poly- 
andria Monogynia.  In  commerce,  many  kinds 
of  teas  are  met  with.  Several  of  the  differ- 
ences between  these  appear  to  result  from  the 
age  at  which  the  leaves  have  been  collected, 
and  the  mode  of  their  desiccation. 

Tea-drinking  was  introduced  into  Europe 
about  the  year  16GG;  since  which  time  its  use 
has  become  universal;  and,  in  spite  of  the  as- 
sertions of  medical  terrorists,  it  is,  except  in 
particular  idiosyncrasies,  entirely  harmless. 

By  an  analogical  transference,  very  common 
in  language,  the  word  Tea  has  been  used  almost 
synonymously  with  infusion,  as  Beef  lea,  .Mint 
lea,  &c. 

Thea  Gehmanica,  Veronica. 

THEBE'SIUS,  VEINS  OF.  A  name  given 
to  supposititious  branches  of  the  coronary  veins, 
which  Christopher  Adam  Thebesius,  a  German 
anatomist,  described  as  opening  into  the  heart 
by  small  depressions  observable  in  the  right 
auricle;  and  which  have  been  called  Foram'- 
ina  Thebesii.  No  such  veins  can  be  demon- 
strated. The  valve,  at  the  orifice  of  the  coro- 
nary vein,  in  the  right  ventricle,  is  called  Val- 
vula  Thebesii,  V.  G uiffartid na ,  V.  venae  magnae. 

THECA,  Case,  Vagina,  Sheath— t.  Cordis, 
Pericardium — t.  Vertebralis,see  Vertebral  canal. 

THEION,  Sulphur. 

THEIOTHERMiE,  Waters,  mineral  sul- 
phureous. 

THELASIS,  Lactation. 

THELASMUS,  Lactation. 

THELE,  Nipple,  Papilla. 

THELI'TIS,  from  6nH,,,  'the  female  nipple,' 
'the  female  breast,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflam- 
mation.    Inflammation  of  the  nipple. 

THELON'CUS,  Mastoncus. 

THELOS,  Mamma. 

THELYGONUM.  Sperm  (of  the  female.) 

THELYPTERIS,  Pteris  aquilina. 

THENAR,  Sevan,  from  0*vw,  'I  strike.'  The 
palm  of  the  hand,  or  sole  of  Ihe  foot. 

Thenar  Eminence  is  the  projection  at  the 
anterior  and  outer  part  of  the  hand,  formed  by 
the  abductor  brevis,  opponens,  and  flexor  bre- 
vis  pollicis. 

Thenar  Muscle.  Riolan  and  VVinslow  give 
this  name  to  the  fleshy  mass,  formed  of  the 
abductor  brevis,  opponens  pollicis,  and  the  an- 
terior part  of  the  flexor  brevis  pollicis.  In  the 
foot,  Winslow  gives  the  name  Thenar  muscle 
to  the  abductor,  and  flexor  brevis  pollicis  pedis. 

Thenar,  Flexor  brevis  pollicis  manus,  Palm. 

THEOPLEGTA,  Apoplexy. 

THEOPLEXIA,  Apoplexy. 

THEORETICAL,  Theoret'icns,  Theo'ricus, 
from  dtwoiw, '  1  contemplate.'  (F.)  Thiortiiqne, 
T/teorique.  That  which  is  confined  to  theory, 
or  is  connected  with  it.  An  epithet  also  applied 
to  a  sect  of  physicians,  who  founded  their  doc- 
trine chiefly  on  reasoning. 


THEORiqVE 


740 


THIRST 


THEORIQUE,  Theoretical. 

THE'ORY,  Theo'ria,  from  #su>osw,  'I  con- 
template.' The  speculative  part  of'  a  science. 
The  connexion  established  in  the  mind  be- 
tween a  general  fact,  or  the  least  possible  num- 
ber of  general  facts,  and  all  the  particular  facts 
dependent  thereon:  for  example, — the  motions 
of  the  heavenly  bodies,  and  the  most  important 
natural  phenomena  are  connected  with  a  single 
fact,  previously  known  by  observation ;  viz.  that 
the  force  of  gravity  acts  inversely,  according  to 
the  square  of  the  distance.  This  constitutes  the 
theory  of  universal  gravitation.  Theory  must 
not  be  confounded  with  system.  Theory  regards 
nature  as  it  is,  and  is  a  rigid  deduction  from 
facts.  System  is  too  often  the  creature  of  the 
imagination,  to  which  nature  is  made  to  bend. 

Theory  of  Medicine,  Institutes  of  Medicine, 
Theoretical  Medicine,  is  that  part  of  the  science 
which  attempts  philosophically  to  account  for 
the  various  phenomena  that  present  themselves 
during  health,  as  well  as  in  disease.  It  is  the 
philosophy  of  Medicine.  The  Institutes  of  Me- 
dicine&re  generally  considered  to  comprise  Phy- 
siology and  its  applications  to  Pathology,  Hy- 
giene, and  Therapeutics.  By  some,  it  is  con- 
sidered to  include  also,  General  Pathology  and 
General  Therapeutics. 

THEOTHERM^E,  Waters,  Mineral  sulphu- 
reous 

THERAPEIA,  Curation,  Therapeutics. 

THERAPEUSIA,  Therapeutics. 

Til  ERAPEUTICS,  Therapcu'tice.,  Therapeu'- 
sia,  Tlicrapevsis,  lalrotcch' '  nicl,  Practice  of  Phy- 
sic, Therapti'a,  Curato'ria  Meth'odus,  Methodus 
Meden'di,  from  ^sga^-auoj,  'I  wait  upon,  I  alle- 
viate, I  attend  upon  the  sick.'  (F.)  Therapeu- 
tique.  That  part  of  medicine,  the  object  of 
which  is  the  treatment  of  disease.  With  others, 
the  department  which  comprises  an  explanation 
of  the  modus  operandi  of  medicines. 

THERAPEUTIQUE,  Therapeutics. 

THERAPEUTIST.  Same  etymon.  One  who 
practises  Therapeutics.  A  practitioner  of  me- 
dicine. To  be  a  good  therapeutist,  he  must  be 
well  versed  in  every  department  of  medicine, 
and  be  capable  of  observing  and  of  reasoning 
well.  A  man  may  be  a  good  observer,  and  yet 
a  bad  reasoner.  He  cannot  practise  well  unless 
he  is  both.  Hence,  the  comparatively  small 
number  of  good  therapeutists. 

THERIA.  Radzyge. 

THERIAC  OF  ANTIPATER,  Antipatri  the- 
riaca. 

THERIACA,  Stioiax*,  from  -dv^,  'a  fero- 
cious or  venomous  animal,'  and  axio^ai,  'I 
cure.'  Treacle,  (q.  v.)  (F.)  Thiriaque.  Also, 
a  medicine,  believed  to  be  capable  of  curing, 
or  preventing  the  effects  of  the  bite  of  a  veno- 
mous animal.  In  this  sense  it  is  chiefly  used 
by  writers. 

Theriaca  Androm'achi,  or  Venice  Treacle, 
is  an  ancient  alexipkarmic  electuary,-  consisting 
of  a  farrago  of  61  different  ingredients,  possess- 
ing the  most  opposite  properties.  It  was  in- 
vented by  Andromachus  of  Crete,  and  prepared 
by  order  of  Nero.  It  has  received  various  mo- 
difications; and.  to  the  discredit  of  the  Facu/te 
de  Mtdechie  of  Paris,  holds  its  place  in  their  Co- 
dex, with  even  an  additional  number  of  ingre- 
dients. The  Elect  uu'rium  Opia'tum  polijpliar'- 
macum  of  the  Codex  contains  acrid  ingredients, 
5;  astringent,  5;  bitter,  22;  indigenous  aromatics, 


10;  umbelliferous  aromatics,  7;  balsams  and  rcsi- 
nous  substances,  8;  fetid  ingredients,  li;  narcotics, 
1;  earthy  substances,  1 :  gummy  or  amylaceous,  1  j 
saccharine,  3;  total  72!  and  one  of  these  is  the 
flesh  of  the  viper !  A  little  more  than  a  grain  of 
opium  is  contained  in  each  drachm  of  the  com- 
pound. 

Theriaca  Celestis,  Tinctura  opii — t.  Corn- 
munis,  Melasses — t.  Edinensis,  Confectio  opii. 

Thuriaca  Germano'rum.  An  extract  or  rob, 
prepared  from  juniper  berries.  Used  as  a  sto- 
machic. 

Theriaca  Lokdweh'sis, CataplasmaCymi'ni. 
A  cataplasm  of  cumin  seed,  bay  berries,  german- 
der,  snakeroot,  cloves,  honey,  and  sometimes 
opium,  or  syrup  of  poppies. 

Theriaca  Rusticohum,  Allium. 

TH&RIAQVE,  Theriaca. 

THERIODES,  Ferine. 

THERIO'MA,  Therion,  from  dijQ,  'a  venom- 
ous animal.'  Any  extremely  malignant  ulcer. 
Sometimes  confined  to  ulcers  of  the  lungs. 

THERION.  Therioma. 

THERIOTOMY,  Zootomy. 

TH  ERM^,  ^to^*,,  Thermatn.  Warm  baths 
or  springs.     See  Waters  (mineral.) 

Thermae  Fabari;e,  Pfeffers,  Mineral  Waters 
of — t.  Piperinae,  Pfeffers,  Mineral  Waters  of— t. 
Plumbarise,  Plombieres,  Mineral  Waters  of. 

THERM ASMA,  Fomentation. 

THERMATA.  Thermae. 

THERMATICA,  Calefacients. 

THERME,Heat. 

THESCOLOGIA,  Thanatology. 

THESIS,  6e<ris,  from  Ttdq/ut,  '  to  place.'  '  A 
position  or  proposition.'  Disputa'tio,  Inuug'ural 
Dissertation.  The  name  usually  given  to  the 
essay  composed  by  a  candidate  for  graduation 
in  medicine,  which  he  is  at  times  required  to 
defend  publicly.  Often,  however,  it  is  a  mere 
form  giving  useless  labour  and  trouble  to  the 
student,  inasmuch  as  it  is  executed  as  a  task, 
and  never  afterwards  rewarded  by  the  preceptor 
or  by  others.  Sandifort,  Haller,  Smellie,  and 
Stoll,  have  published  collections  of  these. 

A!so,a  suffix  denoting '  arrangement;' — hence 
Diathesis. 

THEVE'TIA  A'HOUAI,  Mouai.  The  ker- 
nels of  the  nut  of  this  Brazilian  tree  are  said  to 
be  a  violent  poison.  At  the  Antilles,  its  nuts 
are  called  Noix  de  Serpent,-  and  they  are  used 
against  the  bites  of  serpents. 

THIGH,  Sax.,  seoh,  Femur,  Femen,  Crus, 
Meros,  (F.)  Cuisse.  The  part  of  the  lower  limb 
which  extends  from  the  pelvis  to  the  leg.  The 
thigh  is  larger  at  its  superior  than  inferior  part, 
and  has  the  form  of  an  inverted  and  truncated 
cone,  slightly  depressed  from  within  outwards. 
Above,  it  is  bounded,  anteriorly,  by  the  groin; 
externally,  by  the  hip;  behind,  by  the  fold  of  the 
nates  ;  and  within,  by  the  perineal  region.  Be- 
low, it  is  bounded,  anteriorly,  by  the  prominence 
of  the  knee;  posteriorly,  by  the  ham.  It  is 
formed  of  a  considerable  number  of  muscles, 
blood-vessels,  lymphatics,  nerves,  &c;  and  is 
covered  by  a  slronnr  aponeurosis. 

THIGHBONE,  Femur— t.  Neck  of  the,  Col- 
lum  femoris. 

THION,  Sulphur. 

THIRST,  Sax.  Syr^t,  (D.)  Dorst,  Sitis, 
Dipsa,  (F.)  Soif  A  simple  desire  or  an  abso- 
lute want  for  liquids.  Physiologists  are  not 
entirely  agreed  regarding  the   seat  of   thirst; 


THIRST,  EXCESSIVE 


741 


THOROUGHWAX 


Borne  place  it  in  the  fauces;  others  in  the  sto- 
mach. Its  immediate  cause  is  not  known.  It 
has  been  attributed  to  a  dry  condition  of  the 
nervous  papilla?  of  the  pharynx,  produced  by 
suppression  of  the  salivary  and  mucous  secre- 
tions. This  is  probably  true;  but,  again,  it  is 
owing  to  the  wants  of  the  system, — a  supply  of 
fluid  being  required  to  compensate  the  nume- 
rous losses  that  are  constantly  taking  place. 
Thirst  is  an  internal  sensation, — an  instinctive 
want, — arising  from  organization,  and  inexpli- 
cable. It  is  an  urgent  symptom  in  many  dis- 
eases, particularly  in  those  of  vascular  excite- 
ment. 

Thirst,  Excessive,  Polydipsia — t.  Morbid, 
Dipsosis. 

THISTLE,  BLESSED,  Centaurea  benedicta 
— t.  Cotton,  Onopordium  acanthium — t.  Globe, 
Echinops — t.  Holy,  Centaurea  benedicta — t. 
Ladies',  Carduus  Marianus — t.  Milk,  common, 
Carduus  Marianus — t.  Pine,  Atractylus  gum- 
mifera — t.  Sow,  Sonchus  oleraceus — t.  Star, 
Centaurea  calcitrapa. 

THLADIAS,  Eunuch. 

THLAS1AS,  Eunuch. 

THLASIS,  Contusion — t.  Depressio,  Depres- 
sion. 

THLASMA,  Contusion — t.  Concussio,  Con- 
cussion— t.  Stremma,  Sprain. 

THLASP1,  Ptnnycress.  Family,  Cruciferae. 
Sex.  Syst.  Tetradynamia  Siliculosa.  Two  spe- 
cies of  thlaspi  are  directed,  in  some  pharma- 
copoeias, for  medical  use: — the  Thlaspi  arvcn'se 
or  Trench  mustard,  and  the  Thlaspi  campes'tri. 
or  Mitk'ridate  mustard.  The  pharmaceutical 
properties  of  both  kinds  resemble  those  of  com- 
mon mustard. 

THL I  BIAS,  Eunuch. 

THLIP'SIS,  dXixpi?,  Compres'sio.  Compres- 
sion, and  especially  constriction  of  vessels  by 
an  external  cause.     Oppression,  (q.  v.) 

THOLUS,  Achicolum — t.  Diocleus,  Scapha. 

THORACENTESIS,  Paracente'sis  Thora'cis, 
from  &a>Qa£,  '  the  thorax,'  and  nevrtfiig,  '  perfora- 
tion.' Tapping  the  thorax.  Perforation  of  the 
Thorax. 

THORACMQUE,  Thoracic. 

THORACIC,  Thorac"icus,  from  thorax, '  the 
chest,'  (F.)  Thoracique  ou  Thorachique.  That 
which  relates  or  belongs  to  the  chest;  as  Tho- 
racic vis'cera,  &c. 

Thoracic  Inferior  Artery,  Arte'ria  Tho- 
ra"cica  Exter'na  Infe'rior  vel  Longa,  A.  mam- 
ma'ria  externa,  A.  thoracica  inferior,  Deuxiernc 
des  Thoraciqucs  (Ch.,)  arises  from  the  axillary, 
a  little  below  the  preceding,  and  descends  ver- 
tically over  the  lateral  part  of  the  thorax,  and 
the  serratus  major  anticus.  It  afterwards  bends 
inwards;  becomes  subcutaneous,  and  divides 
into  several  branches,  which  embrace  the 
breasts.  It  gives  numerous  ramifications  to  the 
pectoralis  major,  serratus  major  anticus,  inter- 
coslals,  ganglions  of  the  axilla,  mamma,  &c. 

ThoracicTSuperior  Artery,  Arte'ria  Thora- 
cica Exter'na  Superior,  A.  thoracique  supencure, 
Premiere  des  Thoraciques  (Ch.,)  arises  from  the 
axillary  artery  or  from  the  acromial ;  and  de- 
scends forwards  between  the  pectoralis  major 
and  P.  minor,  to  which  it  distributes  itself  by  a 
Ereat  number  of  branches.  In  some  subjects, 
there  are  two  or  three  Arterix  thoraacx  ezternx 

suneriores.  ,         ...  ,   , 

Thoracic  Duct,  Ductus  thorac"icus  seu  chy1 


lifer  seu  chyli  seu  lac'teus  seu  ro'rifer  seu  Pecqueti 
seu  Pecquelia'nus,  Vena  alba  thora'cis,  Alveus 
ampidles'cens,  Distributo'ria  laclea  thoracica, 
Ductus  tkoracicus  poste'rior  seu  vertebra' lis, 
Galaxfia,  Duct  of  Pecquet,  Alimen'tary  Duct, 
(F.)  Canal  ou  Conduit  Thoracique,  is  the  duct 
in  which  the  lymphatics  of  the  lower  limbs, 
abdomen,  left  super^r  extremity,  left  side  of 
the  head, neck,  and  thorax  terminate.  It  begins 
at  the  receptaculum  chyli  (q.  v.,)  which  is  formed 
by  the  union  of  five  or  six  large  lymphatic 
trunks, — themselves  formed  from  the  union  of 
all  the  absorbent  plexuses  of  the  abdomen. 
The  duct  ascends  into  the  chest  through  the 
pillars  of  the  diaphragm,  and  by  the  side  of  the 
aorta  and  vena  azygos.  It  contracts  in  dimen- 
sion, as  far  as  the  lith  dorsal  vertebra,  when  it 
inclines  towards  the  left  hand;  ascends  behind 
the  arch  of  the  aorta;  passes  behind  the  left  in- 
ternal jugular  vein,  and  opens  at  the  posterior 
part  of  the  subclavian  vein  of  the  same  side. 
Its  embouchure  is  furnished  with  two  valves, 
which  prevent  the  blood  from  passing  from  the 
vein  into  the  duct. 

Thoracic  Limbs  are  the  upper  limbs; — so 
called  because  they  are  articulated  with  the  la- 
teral and  upper  parts  of  the  chest. 

Thoracic,  Long  or  Inferior,  Mammary  in- 
ferior external  artery. 

Thoracic  Regions  are  the  different  regions 
of  the  chest.  Thus  we  say,  anterior,  lateral,  and 
superior  thoracic,  &c 

Thoracic  Superior  External,  Thoracic  su- 
perior, Mammary  superior  external  artery. 

THORACICA,  Pectorals. 

THORACICS,  FIRST  OF  THE,  Mammary 
superior  external  artery. 

THORACIQUE.  Thoracic. 

THORACOCYSTIS,  Thoracystis. 

THOR'ACO-GASTRODID'YMUS,  Did'y- 
mus  sym'  phyo-lhoracogas'  trius,  Xyphodid'ymus : 
from  -tfuyai;,  'the  chest,'  yavxriq,  'the  belly,' 
and  Siiv/u.0;,  'a  twin.'  A  monstrosity  in  which 
twins  are  united  by  the  chest  and  abdomen. — 
Gurlt. 

THORACO-FACIAL,  Platysma  myoides— t. 
Maxillo-fadal,  Platysma  myoides. 

THORACODIDYMUS,  from  Swaa^,  'the 
chest,'  and  dtdv/ios, '  a  twin.'  A  monstrosity  in 
which  twins  are   united  by  the  thorax. — Gurlt. 

THORACODYiNE,  Pleurodynia. 

THORACOSCOPIA,  see  Auscultation. 

THORACYSTIS,  from  6c,o<x$,  'the  chest,' 
and  xv^Tig,  'a  bladder.'  Encysted  dropsy  of 
the  chest.     Hydatids  in  the  chest. 

THORAX,  floioaij,  'a  cuirass, a  coat  of  mail.' 
Cith'arus,  Me'dius  venter,  Pectus,  the  Breast,  the 
Chest,  Bir,  Chelys,  Cassa,  (F.)  Poitrine.  One 
of  the  splanchnic  cavities;  bounded,  posteriorly, 
by  the  vertebras;  laterally,  by  the  ribs  and  sca- 
pula; anteriorly,  by  the  sternum  ;  above,  by  the 
clavicle;  and,  below,  by  the  diaphragm.  It  is 
destined  to  lodge  and  protect  the  chief  organs 
of  respiration  and  circulation: — the  lungs  and 
the  heart. 

Thorax,  Corset. 

THORE,  Sperm. 

THORNAPPLE,  Datura  stramonium. 

THOROUGHSTEM,  Eupatorium  perfolia- 
tum. 

THOROUGHWAX,  Eupatorium  perfolia- 
turn. 


THOROUGH  WORT 


742     THYREOARYTENOID  LIGAMENTS 


THOROUGHWORT,  Eupatorium  perfolia- 
tum. 

THOROW-WAX.Bupleurumrotnndifolium. 

THORULUS  STRAMINEUS.  Fanon. 
THREADWORM,  LONG,  Tricocephalus. 
THREPSIS,  Assimilation,  Nutrition. 
THREPTICE,  Assimilation. 
THRIDACE.Lactuearium.      • 
THRIDAX,  Lettuce. 

THRIFT,  LAV  EN  DER.Staticelimonium— t. 
American,  Statice  Caroliniana  —  t.  Sea-side, 
Statice  Caroliniana. 

THRIX,  Capillus,  Hair. 
THROAT,  »iiote,  Spota,  Juguhtm,   Guttur, 
SphagS.    The  anterior  part  of  the  neck.     (F.) 
Gartre.     Also,  the  Fauces,  (F.)  Gosier. 
THROATROOT.Geum  Virginianum.Liatris. 
THROAT  WORT,  Campanula  trachelium. 
THROBBING,    Pulsati'vus.      A    throbbing 
pain,  (F.)  Douleur  pulsutive,  is  a  kind  of  pain, 
which   is,  or  seems  to   be,   augmented   by  the 
pulsations  of  arteries. 

THROMBOSIS,  Coagulation,  Thrombus. 
THROMBUS,  Bgoufiog,  'a  clot,' from  TgEipiv, 
'to  coagulate;'  Thrombosis,  Trumbus,  Hsema- 
to'rna.  \  small,  hard,  round,  bluish  tumour; 
formed  by  an  effusion  of  blood  in  the  vicinity 
of  a  vein  which  has  been  opened  in  the  opera- 
tion of  bloodletting.  The  thrombus  is  most 
commonly  owing  to  the  opening  in  the  vein 
and  that  of  the  skin  not  corresponding;  to  ex- 
cessive smallness  of  the  cutaneous  orifice;  or 
to  small,  fatty  granules,  which  prevent  the  dis- 
charge of  the  blood.  Compresses,  dipped  in 
salt  water;  camphorated  spirit,  and  slight  com- 
pression usually  disperse  it. 

THROWORT,  Leonurus  cardiaca. 
THRUSH,   Aphthae—  t.   White,  Aphthae— t. 
Milk,  Aphthae. 

THRYPS1S,  Comminution. 
THUREA,  Juniperus  lycia— t.  Virga,  Juni- 
perus  lycia. 

THUS,  see  Pinus  abies — t.  Fcetnininum,  see 
Pinus  abies— t.  Judaeorum,  Croton  cascarilla— 
t.  Judaeorum,  Styrax— t.  Juda?orum,  Thymiama 

t.  Libanotos,  juniperus  lycia— t.  Masculum, 

Juniperus  lycia — t.  Verum,  Juniperus  lycia— t. 
Vul<rare,  see  Pinus  abies. 
THUYA  APHYLLA,  see  Sandarac. 
Thu'ya   Occidentals,  Arbor   Vita,  Tree  of 
Life.     Nut.  Family,  Coniferae.     The  leaves  and 
wood  were  formerly  in  high  repute  as  resol- 
vents, sudorifics,  and  expectorants,  and  were 
given  in  phthisical  affections,  intermittent  fe- 
vers, and  dropsies.      The  expressed  juice  has 
been  applied  to  the  condylomata.    The  arrange- 
ment of  the  medullary  matter  of  the  cerebel- 
lum, termed  Arbor  Vilx,  is  also  called  Thuya. 
THYM,  Thymus. 
THY  MA  LOS,  Taxus  baccata. 
THYMBRA,  Satureia  hortensis— t.   Hispa- 
nica.  Thymus  rnastichina. 

THYME,  CAT,  Teucrium  Mavum— t.  Com- 
mon, Thymus— t.  Lemon,  see  Thymus  serpyl- 


Thvmiama,  Fumigation,  Suffimentum. 
THYMIATECH'NY,    from    Svpiatt*,    'an 
odour,'  and  ts^i  >;,  '  art.'     The  art  of  employing 
perfumes  in  medicine. 

THYMTON,     Verru'ca   minor,   from   uuuos, 
'thyme.'      A  small  wart  on  the  skin,  resem- 
bling the  buds  of  thyme. 
THYMIOSIS,  Framboesia. 
THYMl'TES.      Wine    impregnated   with 
thyme. 

THYMOS,  Raae. 

THY'MOXAL'ME,  from  dvpog,  'thyme,' 
o£v?,  'acid,'  and  '«\s,  'salt.'  A  compound  of 
thyme,  vinegar,  and  salt. 

THYMUS,  6vfioc,  Gland'ula  Thymus,  Corpus 
Thymia'mum  seu  Thy'micam,  Glan'dium,  Thy- 
mus gland.  An  organ,  the  uses  of  which  are 
totally  unknown,  and  which  is  seated  in  the 
upper  separation  of  the  anterior  mediaslinum. 
The  thymus  has  the  appearance  of  a  glandular 
body.  It  is  oblong;  bilobate;  soft,  and  very 
variable  in  size  and  colour.  In  the  foetus,  it  is 
very  large,  and  contains  a  milky  fluid  ;  but  it 
gradually  disappears,  and  in  old  age  is  scarcely 
discernible.  The  arteries,  called  Thymic,  are 
from  the  inferior  thyroid,  internal  mammary, 
bronchial,  and  mediastinal.  The  veins  have 
the  same  arrangement.  It  receives  some  ner- 
vous filaments  from  the  pneumogastric  nerves, 
the  phrenic,  and  from  the  inferior  cervical 
gangliau 

Thymus,  T.  vulga'ris,  Common  Thyme,  (F.) 
Thym,  T.  Ordinaire.  Family,  Labiatae.  Sex. 
Syst.  Didynamia  Gymnospermia.  This  herb 
has  an  agreeable,  aromatic  smell;  and  a  warm, 
pungent  taste.  It  is  reputed  to  be  resolvent, 
emmenaorogue,  tonic,  and  stomachic.  It  is  not 
much  used. 

Thymus.  Satureia  capitata — t.  Creticus,  Sa- 
tureia capitata. 

Thymus  Mastichi'na,  Common  herb  Mas- 
tich,  Mar  urn  vulga're,  Samp'suchus,  Clmopo'dia, 
Mastichi'na  Gallo'rum,  Thymbru  Hispan'ica, 
Jaca  In'dica.  A  low,  shrubby,  Spanish  plant, 
used  as  an  errhine.  It  has  a  smell  like  mas- 
tich.  Its  virtues  resemble  those  of  the  Marum 
Syriacum;  but  it  is  said  to  be  less  powerful. 

Thymus  Seupyl'lum,  Mother  of  Thyme,  Wild 
Thyme,  Her'pylos,  Herpijl'los,  Scrpyl'lum,   Ser- 
pul'lum,   Serpil'lum,  Gilu'rum.  Serpyl'lum  vul- 
ga're minus,  (F.)   Serpolet.     This  plant  has  the 
same  sensible  properties  as  the  garden  thyme; 
but  has  a  milder,  and  rather  more  grateful  fla- 
vour.    Lemon  Thyme,  the  Serpyllum  cUru'ium, 
is  merely  a  variety  of  the   Thymus  Serpyttum. 
It    is    very    pungent;   and    has    a    particularly 
grateful  odour,  approaching  that  of  lemons. 
Thymus  Sylvestris,  Satureia  capitata. 
THYRA,  Qvq<*,    'a  gate,  folding-door.'     In 
composition,   Thyrco  and  Thyro,  mean  the  thy- 
roid cartilage. 

THYREMPHRAXIS,  Bronchocele. 

THY  R  EO-ARYT'ENOID,    Thyro  ary  tenol- 


lum— t.  Mother  of, Thymus  serpyllum— t.  Wild,  \deus,  or  Thyro-arytenoides.     That  winch  relates 


Thymus  serpyllum. 

THYMEE.'EA,  Daphne  gnidium. 

THYM1  A'MA,  6vunxfA-j.,  'a  perfume,'  Musk- 
wood,  Thus  Judseo' rum,  (F.)  Narcaphte.  A  bark 
from  Syria,  Cilicia,  &«.,  supposed  to  be  the 
product,  of  the  liquid  storax  tree.  It  has  an 
agreeable,  balsamic  smell}  approaching  that  of 
liquid  storax. 


to  the  thyroid  and  arytenoid  cartilages. 

Thyroarytenoid  Ligaments,  Inferior  Li- 
gaments of  the  Larynx,  Lips  of  the  Glottis,  Vocal 
Lords,  are  two  ligaments  about  two  lines  broad, 
formed  of  elastic  and  parallel  fibres,  which  are 
contained  in  a  duplicature  of  the  mucous  mem- 
brane of  the  larynx.  They  extend  horizontally 
from  the  anterior  projection  at  the  base  of  each 


THYREO-ARYTENOID  MUSCLES       743 


TiBIA 


arytenoid  cartilage  to  the  middle  of  the  angle    less    prominent    eminence,   the   lesser   cornu. 


of  union  of  the  thyroid  cartilage.      They  are 
the  essential  organs  of  voice.     See  Glottis. 

Thyreo-arytenoid  Muscles,  Thyreo-ary- 
TEROidjej,  aie  thin  muscles,  which  arise  from 
the  middle  and  inferior  part  of  the  posterior 
surface  of  the  thyroid  cartilage;  whence  they 
proceed  backwards  and  outwards,  to  be  inserted 
into  the  outer  part  of  the  base  of  the  arytenoid 
cartilage.  They  give  the  necessary  tension  to 
the  ligaments  of  the  glottis,  in  the  production 
of  the  voice.  Santorini  has  given  the  name 
Thyreo-arytenoldeus  obliquus  to  a  portion  of  the 
arytenoid etts  muscle. 

TH  Y  REO-  E  PIG  LOT'TIC,  Thyreo-epightli- 
deus.  Sabatier  and  Santorini  have  given  this 
name  to  the  outer  portion  of  the  thyroaryte- 
noid muscle;  because  it  passes  from  the  thyroid 
cartilage  to  the  anterior  part  of  the  epiglottis. 

THYREO-HYOID,  Thyro-hyoideus,  Thyro- 
hy aides.  That  which  belongs  or  relates  to  the 
thyroid  cartilage  and  os  hyoides. 

Thyreo-hyoid  or  Hyo-thyroid  Membrane 
is  a  very  broad,  yellowish,  fibrous  membrane, 
thicker  at  the  middle  than  at  the  extremities, 
which  is  attached,  above,  to  the  posterior  sur- 
face of  the  body  and  great  cornu  of  the  os  hy- 
oides; and,  below,  to  the  whole  superior  edge 
of  the  thyroid  cartilage. 

THYREO-HYOIDEUS  or  Hyo-tlnjreoideus 
Mvsclc,  is  situate  at  the  anterior  and  superior 
part  of  the  neck.  It  is  attached  to  the  oblique 
line  on  the  anterior  surface  of  the  thyroid  car- 
tilage; to  the  inferior  edge  of  the  body  of  the 
os  hyoides,  and  to  the  anterior  portion  of  its 
great  cornu.  It  approximates  the  thyroid  car- 
tilage and  ss  hyoides  to  each  other,  by  raising 
the  cartilage,  and  with  it  the  whole  larynx:  or, 
it  can  depress  the  os  hyoides. 

TH  Y REO-PH A RYlN GEUS,  Thyro-pharyn- 
geus. 

THYREOID,  Thyroid. 

THYREOIDEUS,  Thyroideal. 

THYKEOjNUUS,  Bronchocele. 

THYROARYTENOID,  Thvreo-arytenoid. 

THYRO-CRICO-PHARYNGEUS.see  Crico- 
pharyngeal. 

THYRO-HYOIDEUS,  Thyreo-hyoid. 

TH  Y  RO-PHA  RYiNGEUS,  Thyreo-pharyn- 
gcus.  Valsalva,  Morg-agni,  Santorini,  and  Win- 
slow  have  gi  ven  this  name  to  the  portion  of  the 
constrictor  pharyngis  inferior,  which  is  attached 
to  the  thyroid  cartilage. 

THYRO-PHARYNGEUS,  Constrictor  pha- 
rynrris,  see  Crico-pharyngeal. 

THYRO-PHARYNGO-STAPHYL1NUS, 
Palato-pharv  ngeus. 

THYROCELE,  Bronchocele. 

THYROID,  Thyreoid,  Thyrm'des,  from  6voa, 
'a  gate  or  folding-door,'  and  tido?,  'form.' 
That  which  has  the  shape  of  a  folding  door. 

Tiiyiioiu  Car'tm.agf,,  Cartifa'go  Scutifor'mis, 
C.    Seuta'lis,    C.    Clypra'lis,    Co'dper  lor  turn,    C. 


which  is  articulated  with  the  cricoid. 

Thyroid  Gi.and,  Corpus  Thyreo'ideum,  Glan'- 
dula  Thyrco'idea,  (F  )  Gland  ou  Corps  Thy- 
rolde,  is  an  organ,  the  uses  of  which  are  not 
known.  It  covers  the  anterior  and  inferior 
part  of  the  larynx,  as  well  as  the  first  rings  of 
the  trachea,  and  seems  to  be  composed  of  two 
lobes,  flattened  from  before  to  behind,  which 
are  united  by  a  transverse  prolongation  of  the 
same  nature  as  themselves,  called  the  Isthmus 
of  the  Thyroid  Gland.  The  tissue  of  the  thy- 
roid is  soft,  spongy,  and  of  a  brownish  colour; 
but  its  intimate  structure  is  unknown.  It  is 
formed  of  several  distinct  lobules;  collected  in 
lobes  of  greater  or  less  size.  These  are  com- 
posed of  granulations,  some  of  which  contain  a 
yellowish  or  milky  fluid.  The  thyroid  gland 
receives  four  large  arteries,  called  Thyroideal, 
as  well  as  corresponding  veins.  Its  nerves  pro- 
ceed from  the  pneumogastric,  and  from  the 
cervical  ganglia.  No  excretory  duct  has  ever 
been  found   in  it.     Its  uses  are  not  known. 

THYROIDEAL,  Thyroideus,  Thyreoidcus, 
(F.)  Thyro'idien.  That  which  concerns  the 
thyroid  gland  or  cartilage. 

Thyroideal  Arteries  are  two  on  each 
side.  1.  The  superior  Thyroideal,  superior  la- 
ryngeal or  superior  guttural,  arises  from  the 
anterior  part  of  the  external  carotid,  and  pro- 
ceeds to  the  upper  part  of  the  thyroid  gland, 
after  having  given  off  a  laryngeal  branch  and 
a  crico- thyroid,  2.  The  inferior  Thyroideal,  or 
infe'rior  gul'tural,  much  larger  than  the  last, 
arises  from  the  upper  part  of  the  subclavian. 
It  passes  in  a  serpentine  manner,  to  the  infe- 
rior part  of  the  thyroid  gland,  to  which  it  is 
distributed,  after  having  given  a  number  of 
branches  to  the  neighbouring  parts,  among 
which  is  the  cerricalis  ascendens. 

Thyroideal  Veins   are,  1.  A  superior  thy- 
roideal,   and    several   middle   thyroideal,    which 
open  into  the  internal  jugular  vein.    2.  An  in- 
ferior thyroideal,  much    larger    than    the    pre- 
ceding, whose  branches  form — by  anastomosing 
with  those  of  the  opposite  side,  in  front  of  the 
trachea — a    very    remarkable    venous    plexus, 
which    J.    Cloquet    calls    the    infra- thyroideal 
plexus.     The  inferior  thyroideal  veins  open, — 
the  left,  into  the  corresponding  subclavian; — 
the  right,  into  the  vena  cava  superior. 
77/  YROWIEN,  Thyroideal. 
THYROPHRAXIA,  Bronchocele. 
THYRSUS,  Penis. 

TIBIPMWNEOTJIRSIEN,  Perona?us  lon- 
gus. 

TIBIA  MINIMA,  Fibula. 
Tib'ia.  A  Latin  word,  which  signifies  a  flute 
or  pipe.  Cneme,  Procne'me,  Fo'cile  mujus, 
Jirun' do  major ,  Carina  major,  Carina  major  seu 
domes' tica  cruris.  The  largest  bone  of  the  leg. 
Along,  irregular,  and  triangular  bone,  situate 
on  the  inner  side  of  the  fibula.     It  has,  1.  A 


large,  rounded,  and  has  two  eminences  at  the 
sides,  called  Tnberos' ities  of  the  Tibia,  or  Tibial 
tuberosities.  The  outermost  is  articulated  with 
the  fibula.     On  its  head  are  two  articular,  oval, 


Pelta'lis    Ada' mi  Morsus  Os,  \s  the   largest  of  Superior  or  femoral  extremity,  which   is  very 

the  cartilages  of  the  larynx,  at  the  anterior  part  ' 
of  which  iris  situate.     It  is  larger  transversely 
than  vertically;  broader  above  than  below;  and 
seems  formed'  by  the  junction  of  the  two  quad- 

•lateral  plates,  which  produce,  by  their  union,  concave  surfaces,  separated  by  a  process,  called 

an  ansle  that  projects  forwards.     Its  two  poste-  Spine  of  the  tibia,  which  are  articulated   with 

•    a  rfarffins  terminate  above,  and  on  each  side,  the  condyles  of  the  Os  femoris.     2.  An  inferior 

h^an  ensiform  prolongation,  called  the  greater  or  tarsal' extremity,  having  an  articular  surface 
cornu  of  the  thyroid  cartilage;  and,  below,  by  a  ',  beneath,  which  joins  the  astragalus;  within,  a 


TIBLEUS 


744 


TIM1DUS 


triangular  eminence,  which  forms  the  malleo- 
lus internus;  and,  on  the  outside,  a  triangular 
surface,  which  articulates  with  the  fibula.  3. 
The  bod}'  or  shaft  of  the  tibia  has  three  faces, 
separated  by  three  angles,  the  anterior  of  which 
is  the  most  prominent,  and  is  called  the  spine 
or  crista  of  the  tibia  or  tibial  spine.  It  is  the  skin. 
The  tibia  is  articulated  with  the  femur,  fibula, 
and  astragalus.  It  is  developed  by  three  points 
of  ossification,  one  for  the  body,  and  one  for 
each  extremity. 

TIBliEUS,  Tibial. 

TIBIAL,  Tibia' lis,  Tibise'us,  (F.)  Tibial, 
Jambicr.  That  which  relates  to  the  tibia  or  to 
the  leg. 

Tibial  Afoneuro'sis,  (F.)  Aponcvrose  Jam- 
biere,  surrounds  the  muscles  of  the  leg.  It  is 
continuous,  above,  with  the  femoral  aponeurosis, 
and  arises,  also,  from  the  head  of  the  fibula,  and 
from  several  fibrous  expansions  which  detach 
themselves  from  the  tendons  of  the  triceps,  sar- 
torius,  gracilis,  and  semitendinosus.  Thence  it 
descends  around  the  leg,  attaching  itself  to  the 
whole  extent  of  the  anterior  and  inner  edges  of 
the  tibia.  It  sends,  below,  an  expansion,  which 
passes  before  the  tendo  Achillis,  and  is  continu- 
ous with  the  anterior  annular  ligament  of  the 
tarsus.  It  is  attached,  also,  to  the  sheath  of  the 
peronei  muscles. 

Tibial  Arteries  are  two  in  number.  1.  The 
Tibia'lis  Anti'ca,  which  arises  from  the  popliteal 
artery,  before  its  bifurcation;  passes  immedi- 
ately through  tiie  opening  in  the  upper  part  of 
the  interosseous  ligament,  and  reaches  the  an- 
terior part  of  the  leg;  when  it  turns  downwards, 
and  descends,  obliquely,  between  the  extensor 
communis  digitorum  pedis  and  the  tibialis  an- 
ticus,  anterior  to  the  interosseous  ligament; 
glides  under  the  anterior  annular  ligament  of 
the  tarsus,  and  takes  the  name  Dorsalis  tarsi. 
Amongst  the  numerous  branches,  given  oft?  by 
the  tibialis  anlica,  may  be  distinguished — the 
Tibialis  recur'rens,  A.  malleola'ris  interna,  and 
A.  mallcolaris  externa.  2.  The  Tibialis  posti'ca, 
arises  from  the  bifurcation  of  the  popliteal  ar- 
tery; and,  slightly  tortuous,  descends  between 
the  two  planes  of  the  posterior  muscles  of  the 
leg;  until  it  arrives  under  the  arch  of  the  cal- 
caneum,  where  it  divides  into  two  branches — 
the  Plantar  arteries. 

Tibial  Nerves  are  two  in  number.  1.  The 
anterior  tibial  nerve,  Prctibio-susplantaire,  (Ch.) 
One  of  the  two  branches  in  which  the  external 
popliteal  terminates.  It  accompanies  the  arteria 
tibialis  antica.  2.  The  posterior  tibial  nerve, 
Branchc  tibiale  du  nerf  femoro-poplitec,  (Ch.)  is 
the  internal  popliteal,  (q.  v.) 

Tieial  Veins,  Anterior  and  Posterior,  have 
the  same  arrangement  as  the  arteries  which 
they  accompany. 

TIBIA'LIS  ANTI'CUS,  Cate'nx  mus'culus, 
Tibio-sus-metatarsien,  Tibio-sustarsien,  (Ch.) (F.) 
Jambicr  antcricur.  A  muscle  situate  at  the  an- 
terior part  of  the  leg.  Above,  it  has  the  shape 
of  a  triangular  prism;  below,  it  is  slender  and 
tendinous.  It  is  attached,  above,  to  the  ante- 
rior part  of  the  external  tuberosity  of  the  tibia; 
to  the  superior  half  of  the  outer  surface  of  that 
bone;  and  to  the  anterior  surface  of  the  interos- 
seous ligament.  Below,  its  tendon  terminates 
at  the  base  of  the  first  cuneiform  bone,  and  at 
the  posterior  extremity  of  the  first  metatarsal 
bone.    This  muscle  bends  the  foot  on  the  leg, 


and  directs  its  point  inwards,  at  the  same  time 
that  it  raises  its  inner  edge.  It  can,  also,  bend 
the  leg  on  the  foot,  and  prevent  it  from  falling 
backwards  in  standing. 

Tibialis  Gracilis,  Plantar  muscle. 
Tibialis'  Posti'cus,  Tibio-larsirn,  Tibio-sous- 
tarsien,  (Ch.)  (F.)  Jambier  posterieur.  This  mus- 
cle is  situate  at  the  posterior  and  deep  part  of 
the  leg.  It  is  thicker  above  than  below ;  and  is 
attached,  above,  to  the  posterior  surface  of  the 
fibula;  to  the  posterior  surface  of  the  tibia,  and 
to  the  interosseous  ligament.  Its  tendon  ter- 
minates, below,  at  the  tuberosity  on  the  inferior 
extremity  of  the  os  scaphoides.  This  muscle 
extends  the  foot  on  the  leg;  at  the  same  time 
raising  its  inner  edge.  It,  likewise,  extends  the 
leg  on  the  foot. 

TIBW-CALCANIEN,  Soleus— t.  Phalanget- 
tien,  Flexor  longus  digitorum  pedis  profundus 
perforans — t.  Sous-tarsien,  Tibialis  posticus — t. 
Sus-metatarsien,  Tibialis  anticus — t.  Sus-tarsien, 
Tibialis  anticus. 

T1BIO-TARSAL.  Tibio-tarseus,  (F.)  Tibio- 
tarsienne.  What  relates  to  the  tibia  and  tarsus. 
Tibio-Tarsal  Articula'tion  is  the  articu- 
lation of  the  foot  with  the  leg.  It  is  formed 
by  the  tibia  and  the  astragalus;  and  is  strength- 
ened by  lateral,  and  by  anterior,  and  posterior 
ligaments. 

TIBIO-TARS1EN,  Tibialis  posticus. 
TIC,  Twitching.  A  local  and  habitual  con- 
vulsive motion  of  certain  muscles;  and,  espe- 
cially, of  some  of  those  of  the  face.  It  is,  some- 
times, called  in  France  Tic  convulsif,  to  distin- 
guish it  from  Tic  douloureux  or  neural gia  faciei, 
(q.  v.)  and  has  been  termed  a  partial  chorea  or 
form  of  chronic  chorea. 

TIC  DOULEUREUX,  Neuralgia,  facial. 
TICKLE  WEED,  Veratrum  viride. 
TICKLING,  (F.)  Chatouil/ement.  This  word, 
sometimes,  means  the  action  of  tickling  (titil- 
la'tio,-)  at  others,  the  sensation  produced  by 
this  action  (pruri'tus.)  A  vivid  sensation,  which 
commonly  causes  laughter,  and  a  state  of  ge- 
neral spasm  that  may  be  dangerous  if  too  long 
protracted.  There  are  some  parts  of  the  body, 
where  we  are  easier  tickled  than  others;  e.  g. 
the  sole  of  the  feet,  and  the  hypochondriac  re- 
gions. 

TICKWEED,  Hedeoma. 
TIERCE,  see  Tertian. 

T1GE  PITUITA1RE,  Infundibulum  of  the 
brain — t.  Sus-sphenoidale,  Infundibulum  of  the 
brain. 

TIGILLUM,  Crucible. 
TIGULA,  Saccharum. 
TIK1MMA,  Cacoucia  coccinea. 
TILBURY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.     A 
saline   chalybeate  at  West  Tilbury  in  Essex, 
England.     It  is  not  much  frequented. 

TILIA,  T.  Eur  opal  a,  Phil'yra.    The  Lime  tree. 
or  Linden  tree,   Bassicood,   Whitewood,  Spoon- 
wood,    (F.)     Tifleul.     Family,   Tiliacea?.     The 
flowers  have  been  supposed  to  possess  anodyne 
and  antispasmodic  virtues. 
TILLEUL,  Tilia. 
TILMOS,  Evulsion. 
TILMUS,  Carphologia. 
TIMAC.    The  name  of  an  East  India  root, 
but  of  what  vegetable  is  not  clear.     It  is  said  to 
possess  diuretic  properties;  and  hence  has  been 
given  in  dropsies. 
T1M1DUS,  Rectus  inferior  oculi. 


TIN 


745 


TINCTURA  BELLADONNA 


TIN,  (D.)  Ten.  Stannum,  Cassit'eros,  Cat- 
tit'eros,  Stangos,  Ju'piter,  Stu'pia,  Laos,  Plum- 
bum album,  Plumbum  can'didum,  (F.)  Etain.  A 
solid  metal;  of  a  peculiar  odour  when  rubbed; 
insipid;  colour  whitish;  s.  g.  7.291;  giving  a 
peculiar  tinkling  sound  when  struck.  It  is  used, 
in  medicine,  only  as  a  mechanical  anthelmintic. 
Dose,  gj  of  the  Pubis  stanni  or  Granular  tin,  in 
molasses.  This  is  made  by  melting  tin  in  an 
iron  vessel  over  the  fire,  and,  while  it  is  cooling, 
stirring  until  it  is  reduced  to  a  powder,  which 
is  passed  through  a  sieve. — Ph.  U.  S. 

Tin,  Butter  of, Tin, muriate  of— t.  Chloruret 
of.  Tin,  Muriate  of— t.  Deutohydrochlorate  of, 
T.  muriate  of. 

Tin-Foil,  Stannum  folia'  turn,  Stanni'olum,  is 
used  for  plugging  earious"  teeth,  &c. 

Tin-Glass,  Bismuth. 

Tin,  Granular,  see  Tin — t.  Muriate  of,  su- 
peroxygenated,  T.  muriate  of. 

Tin,  Muriate  of,  Butter  of  Tin,  Fuming 
liquor  of  Liba'vius,  Mu'rias  Stanni,  Murias  Ox- 
yd'uli  Stanni,  Chlor'uret  of  Tin,  Deu' to  hydro- 
chlorate  of  Tin,  Superoxygena'ted  Muriate  of  Tin. 
This  is  formed  of  Tin,  one  part;  concentrated 
muriatic  acid,  three  parts.  To  be  crystallized 
by  the  aid  of  heat.  A  violent  cathartic.  Dose, 
gr.  ij  or  iij. 

Tin,  Sulphuret  of,  Aurum  musivum. 

TIN  ASMUS,  Tenesmus. 

TINCTU'RA,  from  tingere,  tinctum, '  to  dye.' 
Tincture,  Essen'tia,  (F.)  Teinture,  Alcoolat,  Al- 
cool.  The  term  tincture  is  generally  restricted 
to  spirituous  solutions  of  vegetable,  animal,  and 
some  saline  substances.  It  corresponds,  there- 
fore, with  the  word  Quintes'sence,  in  one  of  its 
old  significations;  and  with  the  Alcoola'tum  of 
the  Codex  of  Paris.  It  is  not  unusual,  however, 
to  speak  of  aqueous  tincture,  ethereal  tincture, 
&c.  Tinctures  are  made,  either  with  pure  al- 
cohol or  proof  spirit.  The  former  are  precipi- 
tated by  water:  and,  therefore,  are  seldom  used 
internally;  the  latter  are  common  additions  to 
infusions,  decoctions,  &c.  They  ought  not,  of 
course,  to  be  united  with  any  vehicle  which 
can  decompose  them  or  separate  any  thing  from 
them  in  a  palpable  form;  unless  such  decompo- 
sition is  desired  by  the  prescriber.  In  making 
tinctures,  the  ingredients  should  be  reduced  to 
a  coarse  powder;  and  the  maceration  be  made 
in  close  vessels,  exposed  to  a  heat  of  about  80°, 
and  frequently  shaken.  When  completed,  they 
must  be  filtered,  and  put  away  for  use  in  close 
bottles.  When  the  process  of  displacement  is 
employed,  great  care  must  be  taken,  so  that  the 
Bubstances  treated  may  be,  as  far  as  possible, 
exhausted  of  their  soluble  principles,  and  a  per- 
fectly clear  tincture  be  obtained.  To  those 
who  are  not  familiar  with  the  process,  the  plan 
of  maceration  is  preferable. — Ph.  U.  S. 

Tinctura  Absin'tiiii  Compos'ita,  Compound 
Tincture  of  wormwood,  Essen'tia  absin'thii  com- 
pos'ita seu  ama'ra.  (Absinth.,  artern.  pontic, 
caryoph.  aa  gss,  sacc/i.  gij.  alcohol  Oss.  Mace- 
rate for  fifteen  days.  Ph.  P.)  Tonic,  stomachic, 
vermifuge,  and  carminative.  Dose,  f.  gij  to  f.gss. 
Tinctura  Acacije  Catechu,  T.  catechu — t. 
Acetatis  ferri  cum  alcohole,  see  T.  ferri  acetatis 
— t.  Acidi  sulphurici,Sulphuricumacidum  aro- 

maticum. 

Tinctura  Aconi'ti,  Tincture  of  Aconite,  (Aco- 
nit.  *iv,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oij.     Macerate  for  14 
days,  express,  and  filter  through  paper.     Ph. 
48 


U.  S.)     It  may  also  be  made  by  displacement. 


U.  S.)     I 
Ph.  U.  S. 


Tinctura  ./Ethe'rea  Camphora'ta,  Solu'tio 
cam' phorx  selhe'rea,  Liquor  nervinus  Bangii,  Spi- 
ritus  sulphu'rico  aethereus  camphora'tus,  JY/iphtha 
vitrioli  camphora'ta.  (Camphor,  p.  i.  JEther. 
sulphuric,  p.  ii)  Stimulant  in  atonic  diseases, 
arthritic  cardialgia  and  spasm.  Dose,  20  to  30 
drops  in  white  wine. 

Tinctura  /Etherea  Ferri,  Alcohol  (seu 
Tinctura)  sulphurico-aethereus  ferri — t.  Alcoho- 
lica  Chins  composita,  T.  cinchonas  composita — 
t.  Alcoholica  corticum  aurantiorum  Whyttii, 
Tinctura  cinchona?  amara — t.  Alexipharmaca 
Huxhami,  Tinctura  cinchona?  composita. 

Tinctura  Al'oes,  T.  M'oes  Socotori'na,  Es- 
sen'tia Aloes,  Alcohol  cum  Aloe  perfolia'ta,  Tinc- 
ture of  Aloes.  (Aloes,  gj,  ext.  glycyrrh.  giij  : 
aquse  Oiss,  alcohol,  Oss.  Macerate,  for  fourteen 
days,  and  filter.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Properties,  those 
of  aloes.     Dose,  f.  gss  to  f.  giss. 

Tinctura  Aloes  Athe'rea,  JEthe'real  Tinc- 
ture of  Aloes,  Tinctura  aloes  vitriola'ta.  (Aloes. 
Socot.,  myrrh,  aa.  giss,  croci  gj,  sp.  xlheris  sulph. 
Oj.  Digest  the  myrrh  in  the  ether  for  four 
days;  then  add  the  aloes  and  saffron.  Ph.  E.) 
Stimulant  and  cathartic.     Dose,  f.  gj  to  f.  gij. 

Tinctura  Aloes  Compos'ita,  Elixfir  Proprie- 
ta'tis,  E.  aperiti'vum,  Elixir  Aloes,  Tinctura  Aloes 
cum  Myrrlid,  T.  Aloes  ct  Myrrhse,  (Ph.  U.  S  )  T. 
Aloes  et  Myrrha  croca'ta,  Elixir  of  long  life,  Com- 
pound Tincture  of  Aloes,  (F.)  Elixir  de  tongue 
vie,  Baume  de  vie  de  Lelievre.  (Aloes,  in  pulv., 
giij,  croci,  gj.  Tinct.  Myrrhx,  Oij.)  Macerate 
for  fourteen  days,  and  filter.  Purgative  and 
stomachic.     Dose,  f.  gj  to  f.  gij. 

Radcliffe's  Elixir  is  formed  of  Abes  Socotr. 
gvj,  cort.  cinnam.,  rad.  zedoar,  aa  gss.  rad.  rhei 
gj,  coccinell.  gss,  syrup,  rhamni  gij,  sp.  tenuior, 
Oj.  aquae  purae  f.  3  v. 

Tinctura  Aloes  et  Myrrhs,  T.  aloe's  com- 
posita. 

Tinctura  Aloes  et  Myrrhs:  Crocata,  T. 
A.  composita— t.  Aloes  vitriolata,  T.  A.  a?therea 
— t.  Amara,  T.  gentiana?  composita — t.  Amomi 
repentis,  T.  cardamomi — t.  Amomi  zingiberis, 
T.  zingiberis. 

Tinctura  Angustu'rs:,  Tincture  of  Angus- 
tura.  (Cort.  cvspar.  in  pulv.  crass,  redact.  gij, 
sp.  vin.  ten.  Oij.  Digest.  Ph.  D.)  Dose,  f.  gj 
to  f.  gij. 

Tinctura  Aristolochije  Serpentaris;,  T. 
serpentaria? — t.  Aromatica,  T.  cinnamomi  com- 
posita— t.  Aromatica  ammoniata,  Spiritus  am- 
monia? aromaticus. 

Tinctu'ra  Asafce'tid-s:,  T.  Fer'ulse  Asafa>- 
tidse,  Tincture  of  Asafatida,  T.fcetida,  T.  asafce- 
tida,  (Asofmtid.  giv.  sp.  reel.  Oij.  Macerate  for 
fourteen  days  and  filter.)     Dose,  g»-  xv.  to  f.  gj. 

Tinctura  AsAFffiTma:  Ammoniata,  Spiritus 
ammonia?  fcetidus. 

Tinctura  Auran'tii,  T.  Cor'ticis  Aurantii, 
Tincture  of  Orange  Peel.  (Aurant.  cort.  recent, 
giij.  sp.  rect.  Oij.  Digest  for  14  days.)  Stoma- 
chic. Used  as  an  adjunct  to  stomachic  draughts. 
Dose,  f.  gss,  to  f.  gij. 

Tinctura  Aur'ea,  Alcohol  seu  tinctura  sul- 
phurico-aethereus ferri. 

Tinctura  Belladon'n2E,  Tincture  of  Bella- 
donna. (Belladonnae,  giv,  alcohol  dilut.,  Oij. 
Macerate  for  14  days;  express,  and  filter  through 
paper.  It  may,  also,  be  prepared  by  displace- 
ment.   PA.  U.  S.) 


TINCTURA  BENZOINI,  &c.  746  TINCTURA  CINCHONA,  &c. 


Tinctura  Benzo'ini  Compos'ita,  Compound 
Tincture  of  Benzoin,  T.  Benzoes  composita, 
Bal'samum  Citlhol'ivum,  B.  Pcr'sicum,  Balsa- 
mum  tranmat'  icum,  Elixir  traumaticum,  Friar's 
Balsam,  Vervain's  Balsam,  Wade's  Drops,  J<  suit's 
drops,  Commander's  Balsam,  Wound  Balsam, 
Balsam  for  cuts.  {Benzoin,  5iij.  stijrac.  pvrif. 
Sij,  tolut.  ^j,  aloes  in  pulv.  gss,  alcohol. 
Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days  and  filter.)  Stimu- 
lant.    Used  chiefly  to  wounds  and  ulcers. 

The  basis  of  Turlington's  Balsam  of  Lfe,  is 
the  Compound  Tincture  of  Benzoin.  The  fol- 
lowing form  is  recommended  by  a  committee 
of  the  Philadelphia  College  of  Pharmacy: — 
(Alcohol.  Oviij,  Benzoin.  §xij,  Stijrac  liquid, 
Siv,  Aloes  Socotrin,  gj,  Balsam  Peruvian,  ^ij, 
Myrrhse,  §j,  Rad.  Angelic.  §ss,  Balsam  Tolut., 
Ext.  Glycyrrh.  aa  §iv.  Digest  for  ten  days, 
and  strain.) 

The  Essence  of  Coltsfoot  consists  of  equal 
parts  of  the  Compound  Tincture  of  Benzoin  and 
Balsam  of  Tola,  to  which  is  added  double  the 
quantity  of  Rectified  Spirit  of  Wine.  It  is  sold 
as  a  pectoral. 

Tinctu'ra  Calum'b.e,  T.  Columbse,  T.  Co- 
lombo, Tincture  of  Columba,  Col  umbo  Bitters. 
(Calumb.  rad.  cont.  t^iv,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oij. 
Macerate  for  14  days;  express,  and  filter.  Ph. 
U.S.)  Dose,  f.  gss  to  giv.  It  may,  also,  be  made 
by  displacement. 

Tinctura  Camphors,  Spiritus  camphora?. 

Tinctura  Cam/phor.s:  Compos'ita,  T.  Opii 
Camphora'ta,  Compound  Tincture  of  Camphor, 
Camphorated  Tincture  of  Opium,  Elixir  Pare- 
gorfifvm,  Paregor'ic  Elixir.  (Opii,  in  pulv. 
Jlcid.  Benzoic,  aa  gj,  ol.  anisi,  f.  zj,  mellis  despu- 
mat.^ij,  Camphor.  7)  \j,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oij.  Mace- 
rate tor  14  days,  and  filter  through  paper.  Ph. 
U.  S.)  One  fluidounce  contains  nearly  gr.  ij 
of  opium.     Anodyne.     Dose,  f.  zj  to  f.  ^iij. 

Squire's  Elixir,  an  empirical  carminative  pre- 
paration is  thus  made,  according  to  one  for- 
mula. (Opii  ^iv,  camphor.  gj,coccinell.  £},fceni- 
tul.  dale,  ^ij,  tinct.  serpent.  Oj,  sp.  anisi,.  cong. 
jj,  aqua.  Oij,  auri  musivi  ,^vj.) 

Tinctuka  Canthar'iuis,  T.  C.  Vesicalo'riaz, 
T.  Lytta,  T.  Melons  vesicato'rii.  Tincture  of  Blis- 
tering Fly,  T.  of  S/ianish  Fly,  (F.)  Teinture 
rubtfiante.  (Canlharid.  cont.  §ij,  alcohol,  dilut. 
Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days;  express,  and  filter.) 
It  may,  also,  be  prepared  by  displacement. 
.PA.  U.S.  Stimulant  and  diuretic,  but  notoiten 
used  internally.  Externally,  stimulant.  Dose, 
g"  x. 

Matthew's  Injection,  a  once  celebrated  nos- 
trum for  fistula  in  ano,  consisted  wholly  of  a 
dilute  Tincture  of  Canlharidts. 

Tinctura  Cap'sici,  Tincture  of  Capsicum. 
(Capsic.  j|j.  alcohol,  dil.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14 
days,  and  filter.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  may,  also,  be 
prepared  by  displacement.  Stimulant.  Dose, 
f.  £ss  to  ^j. 

Tinctura  Cakdami/mi,  T.  amo'mt  repen'tis. 
Tincture  of  Car' domains.  (Car dam.  cont.  ^iv. 
alcohol.  dilut.O\j.  Macerate  for  14  days,  strain 
and  filter.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  may,  also,  be  made 
by  displacement.  Use,  the  same  as  the  seeds. 
Dose,  f.  3j  to  f.  3'iv. 

Solomon's  Balm  of  Gilead,  an  empirical  pre- 
paration, seems  to  be  an  aromatic  tincture, — of 
which  Cardamoms  form  a  leading  ingredient, — 
made  with  brandy.  Some  affirm  that  it  con- 
tains cantharides. 


Tinctura  Cardamomi  Composita,  Compound 
Tincture  of  Cardamoms,  Stomach  Tinctuie,  Tinc- 
tura Stomach' ica.  (Card,  sem.,  carui  sem.,  cocci, 
aa  gij, cinnam.  cort.  cont.fi'iv.unar.  passar. demp~ 
tis  acinis,  31V,  spirit,  ten.  Oij.  Ph.  L.)  Sto- 
machic and  carminative.     Dose  f.  gij,  to  f.  ziv. 

Tinctura  Carmisati'va  Svl'vii.  Alcoola' lam 
Car  minute '  oum  Sylv.i,  Carminative  Elixir  of  Syl- 
vius. (Rad.  angelic.  4  p.,  rad.  imperutor.,  galancr. 
aa  6  p.,  fol.  rosmarin.,  major  an.,  rutaz,  basilic. 
aa  4d  p.,  baccar.  laur.  nobil.  12  p.,  sem.  angelic, 
ligust.  tevist.,  anis  aa  16  p.,  zingib.,  nuc.  moscliai. 
aa  6  p.  cinnam.  12  p.,  caryoph.,  cort.  Union,  aa, 
4  p.  Add  alcohol,  1500  p.  Macerate  and  distil 
1000  p.  Ph.  P.)  A  warm  stomachic,  carmina- 
tive, &c.     Dose,  gss  to  f.  ^ss. 

Tinctura  Cascarii/ljE,  T.  Croto'nis  Eleu- 
the' 'rise,  Al' 'coholcum  Crolo'ne  Cascarilla,  Tincture 
of  Cascarilla.  (Cascartll.  cort.  cont.  Siv,  sp.ten. 
Oij.     Ph.  L.)     Dose,  f.  &j  to  f.  ziv. 

Tinctura  Casto'rei,  T.  Castorei  Rossici, 
Essentia  Castorei,  Alcohol  castor ia! turn,  T  Cas- 
torei Canadensis,  Tincture  of  Castor.  (Castor 
cont.  !|ij,  alcohol.  Oij.  Macerate  for  7  days, 
express,  and  filter  )  Tonic  and  antispasmodic. 
Dose,  gtt.  xx  to  f.  gij,  or  more. 

Tinctura  Castorei  Compos'ita,  Compound 
Tincture  of  Castor.  (Cast.  3J,  g.  asofatid.  ^ss, 
alcohol. amnion iat.Oy  Ph.  E.)  Antispasmodic. 
Dose,  f.  zj  to  f.  ^iv.  Called,  also,  Elixir  fwti- 
dum,  Tinctura  castorei  fattda  seu  fatidu  ammo- 
nia'ta. 

Tinctura  Cate'chu,  Tinctura  Japon'ica,  T. 
Mimo'sx  Catechu,  T.  Aca'cise  Catechu,  Tincture 
oj  Catechu.  (Catech.  §iij,  cinnam.  conlus  ^ij. 
alcohol,  dilut.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  ex- 
press and  filter.  Ph.  U.S.)  Astringent.  Dose, 
f.  Zj  to  f.  gij. 

The  Concentrated  Solution  of  Charcoal  sold 
for  cleaning  the  teeth,  seems  to  be  little  more 
than  the  tincture  of  catechu. 

Tinctura  CicvT.fi,  T.  conii  maculati. 

Tinctura  CiNCHo'Nfi,  T.  Co/ticis  I'eruvia'ni 
Simplex,  T.  Cort-  Pcruviani,  Tincture  of  Cincho- 
na, Tincture  of  Bark.  (Cinchon.  cont.  t^vi, 
alcohol,  dilut.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days, express, 
and  filter  through  paper.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  may, 
also,  be  made  by  displacement.  Dose,  f.  gj  to 
3iv  or  more. 

Tinctura  Cincho'nje  Ama'ra,  Elixir  anti- 
hypochoiidri acum,  E.  rob' oums  IVhytlii,  E.  Whyt- 
tu,  Essentia.  Corlicis  Peruviu'ni  Composita,  Tinc- 
tu'ra alcohol' ica  corticum  aurantio'rum  Wlujttii, 
T.  Kinkinie  ama'ra,  Elixir  stomach' 'icus  spiritual '- 
sus.  (Cinch,  p.  viij.  Gentian  Rad.,  Cort.  Aurant. 
p.  iij,  Alcohol  (.!!U0)  96  p.  Digest.)  Duse,  one 
or  two  teaspoonfuls. 

Tinctura  Cinchona  Ammonia'ta,  T.  Cor- 
licis Peruviu'ni.  volat'ilis,  Ammonia' ted  Tincture 
of  Bark,  Volatile  Tincture  of  Bark.  (Cinchon. 
lancijol.  cort.  cont.  ^iv,  sp.  amnion  aromut.  Oij. 
Ph.  L.)  In  dyspepsy,  combined  with  acidity 
and  lanouor. 

Tinctura  Cinchonje  ^therea  Composita, 
T.  Kinx  Kin.se  xlhefrea  compos'ita,  Elixir'ium 
Anlisep' licum  Docio'ris  Chaussiir,  Chuussier's 
Antisep'tic  Elixir.  (Cinchon.  ofiici.n.  §ij,  cas- 
carill  §ss,  cinnam.  %,i>j,  croci  gss,  sacch,  alb. 
gxxxviij.  Put  these  bruised  into  a  mattress, 
and  add  via.  alb-  Hispanic,  vel  via.  muscat,  al- 
cohol, aa  Oj  Macerate  for  two  dnys,  and  add 
sulphuric  ether  f.  giSB.  Ph.  P.)  Tome,  stimu- 
lant, and  antiseptic.     Dose,  t.  Jss  to  f.  Jj. 


TINCTURA  CINCHONA,  &c.  747  TINCTURA  GENTIANJE,  &c. 


Tinctura  Cinchona  Composita,  Corn-pound 
Tincture  of  Cinchona  or  Bark.  Hurhanis  Tinc- 
ture of  Bark,  T.  Cor'ticis  Peruvxdni  Compos'ita, 
T.  febnfuga  Docto'ris  Huxkami,  Essen'tia 
Cltinae,  E.  Cor'ticis  PtruV'uni  Aler.iphar' maca 
Huxkami,  Essen'tia  antisep'tica  Huxkami,  Tmc- 
iu'ra  A/ixipkur'maca  Huxkami,  Tinctu'ra  Alco- 
hol'icu  Chinas.  Compos'ita.  (Cinchon.  cont.  §ij, 
auranL  cart,  cont.  ,§iss,  serpent,  cont.  giij,  croci, 
santaL  aa  jj,  alcohol,  dilut.  f.  ^xx.  Macerate 
for  14  days,  express,  and  filter.  Pli.  U.S.)  It 
may,  also,  be  made  by  displacement.  More 
grateful  than  the  simple  tincture.     Dose,  f.  gj 

Tinctura  Cinnamo'ki,  Tincture  of  Cinnamon, 
Essen'tia  Cinnamomi,  T.  Lauri  Cinnamomi, 
(Cinnam.  cont.  Sjiij,  alcohol,  dilut..  Oij.  Mace- 
rate for  14  days,express,  and  filter.  Ph.  U.  S.) 
It  .nay,  also,  be  prepared  by  displacement.  Sto- 
machic.    Dose,  f.  3J  to  f.  zij. 

Tinctura  Cinnamo'mi  Composita,  Compound 
Tincture  of  Cinnamon,  Tinctu'ra  Aronait'ica, 
Essen'tia  Aromalica,  Alcool  cum  ' 'Aromat'ibus 
Compos'ilus,  Eau  de  Bonferme  on  d'Armagnac. 
(Cinnam.  cont.  ^j,  t.ardam.  cont.  gss,  zingib. 
cont.  giij,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14 
days,  express,  and  filler.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  may, 
also,  be  prepared  by  displacement.  Use,  same 
as  the  last.     Dose,  f.  gj  to  f.  giij. 

Tinctura  de  Cochlea'riis,  Alcoola'tum  de 
Cock/ea'riis,  A.  antiscorliu'ticum.  (FoL  cochlear, 
recent.  2500  p.,  rod.  armoraciw.  230  p.,  alcohol. 
(23°  to  32o  Be)  3000  p.,  distil  off  2000  p.  Ph.  P.) 
Antiscorbutic.     Dose,  f.  £ij  to  f.  §j. 

Tinctura  Colchici,  T.  C.  Sem'inis,  (Ph.  U. 
S.)  Tincture  of  Colckicum  Seed.  (Colchic.  sem. 
cont.  giv,  alcohol,  dilut,  Oij.  Macerate  for  14 
days,  express,  and  filler.  Ph.  U.  6'.)  It  may, 
also,  be  prepared  by  displacement.  Dose,  ten 
to  sixty  drops. 

Tinctura  Colchici  Seminis,  T.  colchici. 

Tinctura  Colombo.  T.  Calumbae. 

Tinctura  Con  it,  T.  C.  Macula' ti,  T.  Cicu'tm, 
Tincture  of  Hemlock.  (Conii  fol.  giv,  alcohol 
dil.  Oij  Macerate  for  14  days,  express,  and 
filter.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  may  also  be  made  by 
displacement.  Use; — the  same  as  that  of  the 
leaves. 

Tinctura  Conii  Maculati,T.  conii — t.  Con- 
volvuli  Jalapce,  T.  jalapii — t.  Corticis  aurantii, 
T.  aurantii — t. Corticis  Peruviani  composita, T. 
cinchonas  comp. — t.  Corticis  Peruviani  simplex, 
T.  cinchona — t,  Corticis  Peruviani  volatilis, T. 
cinchonas  ammoniata. 

Tinctura  Croci  Sati'va,  T.  Croci,  Tincture 
of  Saffron.  (Croci  AngLcanl.  gj,  alcohol-  dilut. 
gxv.  Ph.  E.)  Slightly  stomachic  (i)  Dose, 
f.^j  to  f.  sjiij. 

Tinctura  de  Croco  Compos'ita,  Elixir1  ium 
de  Gurus,  Alcoola'tum  de  Croco  Campositum, 
Compound  Tincture  of  Saffron,  Elixir  of  Gurus. 
(Aloes  Socotr.  320  p..  myrrh.  64  p.,  croci.  32  p., 
cinnam.,  nuc.  moschal.,  c.urijopti.  aa,  10  p  ,  alco- 
hol. 1000  p..  aq.jlor.  nuraut.  5000  p.  Digest  for 
two  days;  distil  4000  p.  and  add  syrup  of  capil 
laire,  5000  p.  Ph.  P.)  Aromatic,  cordial,  sto- 
machic. It  is  also,  called  Elixir  cordials  et 
stomach' icum,  and  E.  anticol'ieum  crocatum. 

Tinctura  Crotonis  ELEUTHERiiE,  T.  casca- 

Tinctura  Cubeb/e,  Tincture  of  Cubebs.  (Cu- 
ieh.  cont.  giv,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oij.  Macerate  for 
14   days,  express,  and  filter.    Ph.   U.   S.)      It 


may,  also,  be  prepared  by  displacement.     Doss, 
one  or  two  fluidr.ichms, 

Tinctura  Digita'us,  Tincture  of  Digitalis, 
T.  Digitu'lis  purpu'rea.  (Digital,  gir,  spirit. 
ten.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  express,  and  fil- 
ter.) It  may,  also,  be  prepared  by  displace- 
ment. Use,  same  as  that  of  the  leaves.  Dose, 
g".  x. 

Tinctura  Febrifuga  Doctoris-  Huxhami, 
T.cinehonae  composita, 

Tinctura  Ferri  Aceta'tis,  Tincture  of  Ace- 
tate of  Iron.  (Potass,  acetat.  £\j,sulph.  ferri 5j, 
sp.  rectif.  Oij.  Rub  the  acetate  and  sulphate 
into  a  soft  mass.  Dry  and  rub  with  the  spirit. 
Digest  for  7  days,  and  pour  off.  Ph.  D.)  Tonic 
and  astringent.  Dose,  gtt-  xx,  to  f.  3 j.  The 
Dublin  college  directs  a  Tinctura  Acetutis  Ferri 
cum  Alcohok,  which  differs  from  the  other,  in 
having  half  tlie  quantity,  only,  of  the  Acetate  of 
Potass. 

Tinctura  Ferri  Ammonia'ta,  Tincture  of 
Ammoniated  Iron,  T.  Ferri  Ammoniaca'lis,  T. 
Florum  martiu'lium,  T.  Mortis  Mynsich'ti.  (Ferri 
ammon  %\v,  sp.  ten.O\.  Ph.  L.)  Use — same  as 
that  of  the  ammoniated  iron.     Dose,  f.  gss  to 

*■  S'i- 

Tinctura  Ferri  Chloridi.T.  ferri  muriatis. 
Tinctura  Ferri  Muri  a'tis,  T.  Ferri  clilo'ridi, 
(Ph.  U.S.)  Tincture  of  Muriate  of  Iron,  T  Martis 
in  Spiritu  Salis,  T.  M.  cum  Spiritu,  Salis,  T. 
Ferri  Muria'ti,  Tincture  of  Steel,  Alcohol  ferra'- 
tits.  (Ferri  subcarb  B5s3,  acid  muriut,  Oj,  alco- 
hol. Oiij.  Add  the  acid  to  the  subcarbonate  in 
a  glass  vessel,  and  shake  during  three  days. 
Pour  off  and  add  the  spirit.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Tonic 
and  styptic.     Dose,  gtt.  x  to  xx. 

A  solution  of  nitrate  of  iron..  Liquor  seu  Solu'- 
tio  Ferri  Nilra'tis,  Liquor  Ferri  Sesquinitra'tis, 
Solution  of  Sesquiniti  ate  of  Iron,  has  been  re- 
commended in  chronic  diarrhoea  and  dysen- 
tery. Its  virtues  exactly  resemble  those  of  the 
muriate  of  iron. 

The  Anticenereal  Drops,  at  one  time  so  cele- 
bratedat  Amsterdam,  were  examined  by  Scheele, 
and  found  to  be  a  tincture  of  chloride  of  iron 
and  corrosive  sublimate. 

Tinctura  Ferul/e  AsAFffiTiD^T.  asafectida 
— t.  Florum  martialium,  T.  ferri  ainmoniata — 
t.  Fcetida,  T.  asafoetida? — t.  Foetida  ainmoniata, 
T.  castorei  composita — t.  Fuliginis,  see  Fuligo. 

Tinctura  Gal'bani,  Tincture  of  Gulbanum. 
(Galb  ^V],sp.tenuior.OV].  Ph.D.)  Stimulant 
and  antispasmodic.     Dose,  f  :jj  to  f.  ^iij. 

Tinctura  Galla'rum,  T.  Gnllte,  Tincture  of 
galls.  (Gall,  conlus.  giv,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oij. 
Macerate  for  14  days,  express,  and  filter.  Ph. 
U.  S.)  It  may,  also,  be  prepared  by  displace- 
ment.    Astringent.     Dose,  f.  gj.  to  giij. 

Tinctura  Genti  a'sje  Compos'ita,  Compound 
Tincture  of  Gentian,  Ttnct.Ama'ra,  Spirit  Bitters, 
Elir.'ir  Stomach' icum.  (Rod.  gent,  concis.  gij, 
aurant  cart,  exsiccat  gj,  curdam.sem.  cont.  ^ss, 
spirit  tenuior.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  express, 
and  filter.)  It  may,  likewise,  be  prepared  by 
displacement.  Ph  U.  S.  Tonic  and  stomachic. 
Dose,  f.  5j  to  f.giij. 

Brodum's  Nervous  Cordial  consists  of  the 
Tinctures  of  Gentian,  Co/umba,  Cardamom,  and 
Bark,  with  the  Compound  Spirit  of  Lavender, 
and  Wine  of  Iron. 

Stoughton's  Eliz'ir  is  a  compound  tincture 
of  gentian.  The  Elixir1  ium  Docto'ris  Stooghton 
seu  Tinctura  Amara  of  the  Parisian  Codex  is 


TINCTURA  GUAIACI 


748 


TINCTURA  OPn  AMMONIATJ 


prepared  as  follows: — Absinth,  summit,  exsiccat., 
Teucri  chamadrys.,  Rad.  gentian.,  cort.  aurant. 
aa  gvj,  cascarilla  £j,  rhei  j;ss,  aloes  socotr.  gj, 
alcohol.  Oij.)     Digest. 

Tinctura  Guai'aci,  T.  G.  Officinalis,  Tinc- 
ture of  Guai'acum.  (Guaiac.  lbss.sp.rect.  Oij. 
Macerate  for  14  days,  and  filter.)  Stimulant 
and  sudorific.  Used  especially  in  rheumatic 
and  arthritic  cases.  Nearly  the  same  as  Hill's 
Essence  of  Bardana. 

Tinctura  Guai'aci  Ammonia't a,  Ammoniated 
Tincture  of  Guai'acum,  T.  Guaiaci'na  Volat'ilis, 
Elixir  Guai'aci  Volatilis,  M'cohol  cum  Guai'aco 
qfficina'li  ammonia' tus,  Al'cohol  ammo'nise  et 
Guai'aci,  T.  Guai'aci,  P.  L.  1788,  Volatile  Tinc- 
ture of  Guai'acum.  (Guaiac.  cont.  §iv,  sp.  am- 
mon.  arom.  Oiss.  Macerate  for  14  days,  and 
filter.)     Properties  same  as  the  last.    Dose,  F. 

X]  t0  '■  3'J- 

Hatfield's  Tincture — a  nostrum — consists  of 
Guaiacum  and  Soap  aa  gij,  rectified  spirit,  Oiss. 

Tinctura  Helleb'ori,  T.  H.  Nigri,  Tincture 
of  Black  Hellebore,  T.  Melampo' dii.  (  Rad.  helleb. 
nigr.  cont.  giv,  sp.  tenuior.  Oij.  Macerate  for 
14  days,  express  and  filler.)  It  may  also  be 
prepared  by  displacement. — Ph.  U.  S.  Dose, 
f.  ^ss  to  f.  3J. 

Tinctura  Hiera,  Vinum  aloes. 

Tinctura  Hu'muli,  Tincture  of  Hops.  (Hu- 
muli  strobil.  £v,  sp.  tenuior.  Oij.)  Tonic  and 
sedative.     Dose,  f.  gss  to  fl^iij. 

Tinctura  Hyoscy'ami,  T.  Hyoscyami  nigri, 
Tincture  of  Henbane.  (Hyoscyam.fol.  §iv,  sp. 
ten.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  express  and 
filter.)  It  may  also  be  prepared  by  displace- 
ment—  Ph.  U.  S.  Narcotic,  anodyne.  Dose, 
gtt.  xx  to  f.  gij. 

Tinctura  Io'dini,  Alcohol  Io'dii,  Tincture  of 
Iodine.  (Iodin.  §j,  alcohol.  Oj.  Dissolve.  Ph. 
U.  S.)  The  tincture  spoils  by  keeping,  or  at 
least,  deposits  the  iodine.  It  has  been  much 
used  in  goitre,  &c.  Dose,  ten  drops,  three 
times  a  day. 

Tinctu'ra  Iodini  Compos'ita,  Compound 
Tincture  of  Iodine,  (lodin.  §ss;  Potassii  Iodid. 
gj,  Alcohol.  Oj.  Dissolve— PA.  U.  S.)  Dose  10 
to  30  drops. 

Tinctura  Jala'pii,  T.  Julapse,  T.  ConvoV- 
vuli  Jalapse,  Tincture  of  Jalap,  Vali'ga.  (Jalap, 
rad.  cont.  ^viij,  sp.  ten.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14 
days,  express,  and  filter — Ph.  U.  S.)  It  may 
also  be  made  by  displacement.  Cathartic.   Dose, 

f-  ?>J  t0  f  3iv- 

Pinctura  Jala'pii  Compos'ita,  Elixir  Jalap'- 
pse  Compos'itum,  Elixir  purgans,  Essen'tia  ca- 
thol'ica  purgans  Rothii,  Elixir  anthclmin' ticum 
Suecorum,  Eau  de  vie  Alfemande,  (Jalap.  Ibss, 
Scammon.  ^j,  Alcohol,  (22°,)  Ovj.  Macerate  for 
eight  days.     Ph.  P.)     Dose,  GO  to  100  drops. 

Tinctura  Japonica,  Tinctura  catechu — t. 
Kinse  kinae  setherea  composita — T.  cinchonas 
setherea  composita — t.  Kinkinae  amara, Tinctura 
cinchonae  amara. 

Tinctura  Kino,  Tincture  of  Kino.  (Kino 
contrit.  giij,  sp.  ten.  Oij.  Ph.  L.  E.  &.  D.) 
Astringent.    Dose,  f.  £j  to  f.  gij. 

Tinctu'ra  Krame'ri^;,  Tincture  of  Rhatany 
(Kramer,  in  pulv.  ^vj;  alcohol,  dilut.  Oij.  Ma- 
cerate for  14  days,  express,  and  filter.  Ph.  V.  S ) 
It  may  also  be  prepared  by  displacement.    Dose, 

*"•  3J-  f'  3'j« 

Tinctura  Lauri  Cinnamomi,  Tinctura  cin- 
natnomi —  t.    Lavandulae  composita,    Spiritus  ' 


lavand.  covnp. — t.  Lyttffi,  Tinctura  cantharidis- — 
t.  Martis  Glauberi,  see  Ferrum  tartarizatum — 
t.  Martis  in  spiritu  salis,  Tinctura  ferri  muriatia 
— t.  Martis  Mynaichti,  Tinctura  ferri  ammoniata 
— t.  Martis  vinosa,  Vinum  ferri — t.  Melampodii, 
Tinctura  liellebori  nigri — t.  Meloes  vesicatorii, 
Tinctura  cantharidis — t.  Metallorum,  Lilium 
Paracelsi — t.  Mimosa?  catechu,  Tinctura  cate- 
chu. 

Tinctu'ra  Lobe'li/e,  Tincture  of  Lobelia. 
(Label.  §iv;  alcohol,  dilut.  Oij,  Macerate  for 
14  days,  express,  and  filter.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It 
may  also  be  prepared  by  displacement.  Dose, 
f.  3)'  to  f.  *ij. 

Tinctu'ra  Lupuli'n*,  Tincture  of  Lupuline. 
(Lupulin.  Jjiv;  alcohol.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14 
days,  and  filter.    Ph.  U.  S.)     Dosef.  syto  f.Jjij. 

Tinctura  Moschi,  Tincture  of  Musk,  Essence 
of  Musk.  (Mosc  h.  in  pulv.  redact  ^ij,  sp.  vini. 
red.  Oj.)     Dose,  f.  3J  to  f.  giv. 

Tinctura  Myrrhs,  Tincture  of  Myrrh,  Sim- 
ple Tincture  of  Myrrh.  (Myrrha  contusae  giv, 
alcohol  Oiij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  and  filter. 
Ph.  U.  S.)  Tonic,  deobstruent,  antiseptic,  and 
detergent.  It  is  chiefly  used  in  gargles,  and 
applied  to  foul  ulcers,  spongy  gums,  &c. 

Hudson's  Preservative  for  the  Teeth  and  Gums 
consists  of  Tinct.  myrrh,  tinct.  cinch.,  aq.  cinnam, 
aa  giij,  eau  d'arqucbusade,  3J,  pulv.  gum.  Arab. 
gss.     M. 

Tinctura  Nervina  Bestucheffi,  Tinctura 
seu  alcohol  sulphurico-sethereus  ferri — t.  Ner- 
vina Halensis,  Tinctura  seu  alcohol  sulphurico- 
ffithereus  ferri — t.  Nervino-tonica,Lamotte's,  Al- 
cohol seu  tinctura  sulphurico-aethereus  ferri. 

Tinctura  Nucis  Vom'ictf.,  Tincture  of  Nux 
Vomica.  (Alcohol.  S.  G.  .837,  f.  gj;  Dry  Ex- 
tract of  Nux  Vomica,  3  gr.)  Dose,  gtt.  v  to 
xxx  in  cases  where  the  nux  vomica  is  indi- 
cated. 

Tinctura  Olei  Menthje  Piperi't*,  Tincture 
of  Oil  of  Peppermint,  Essence  of  Peppermint. 
( 01.  menthaz  piperita,  f.  _^ij,  alcohol  Oj.  Dissolve, 
Ph.  U.  S.)  Dose,  5  drops  as  a  carminative. 
The  Tinctura  Olei  Mentha  Vir'idis,  Tinc- 
ture of  Spearmint,  Essence  of  Spearmint,  is  made 
in  the  same  manner.     Ph.  U.  S. 

Tinctura  Oph,  Tincture  of  Opium,  Liquid 
Lau'danum,  Theriaca  cailes'tis,  Alcohol  cum 
Opio,  Tinctura  Theba'ica,  Tinctura  Sedati'va. 
(Opii  contriti  §ijss,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oij.  Mace- 
rate for  14  days,  express,  and  filter.  Ph.  U.  &) 
Nineteen  minims  contain  about  one  grain  of 
opium.  Properties,  those  of  opium.  Dose, 
gu-  xx  to  Is  and  more.  By  macerating  the 
dregs  remaining  after  making  the  Tinctura 
Opii  in  a  solution  of  Tartaric  Acid,  a  solution 
is  obtained,  which  is  said  to  be  devoid  of  the 
exciting  and  constipating  properties  of  the  tinc- 
ture of  opium.  Gray  calls  it  Hadens  Liquor 
Opii  Sedati'vus. 

Tinctu'ra  Opii  Aceta'ta,  Acetated  Tincture 
of  Opium.  (Opii  ^ij;  aceti.  f.  ^xij;  alcohol.  Oss. 
Rub  the  opium  with  the  vinegar;  add  the  alco- 
hol, and  having  macerated  for  14  days,  express, 
and  filter.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Twenty  drops  are  equi- 
valent to  a  grain  of  opium. 

Tinctura  Opii  Ammonia'ta,  Ammoniated 
Tincture  of  Opium,  Edinburgh  Paregor'ic  Elixfir. 
(Flor.  benz.,  croci  aa  ^iij,  opii  gij,  ol.  anisi  3S9, 
alcohol,  ammoniat.  f.  ^xvj.  digest.  Ph.  E.)  f.  2j. 
contains  one  grain  of  opium.  Used  like  the 
Tinctura  Camphorce  Composita. 


11NCTURA  OPII  CAMPHORATA        749 


TINCTURA  ZINGlBEPJS 


Tinctura  Opii  Camphorata,  Tinctura  cam- 
phorae  composita— t.  Plumbosa,  Liquor  plumbi 
oubacetatis  dilutus. 

Tinctura  QuAssfiE,  T.  Quassia  excetsa, 
Tincture  of  Quassia.  (Quassia:  rasur.  gij,  al- 
cohol dilut.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  express, 
and  filter.  PA.  U.  S.)  It  may  also  be  prepared 
by  displacement.     Tonic.     Dose,  f.  gj  to  gij. 

Tinctura  Qui'NiiE  Sulphatis,  Tincture 'of Sul- 
phate of  Qui'nia.  {Sulphate  of  Quinia,  gr.  vj, 
alcohol,  (.847)  f.  §j.  M.)  Dose  f.  zj  to  ziv,  in 
the  day. 

A  Tinctura  Cinchonise  Sulphatis  may  be  made 
in  a  similar  manner. 

Tinctura  Rhabarbari,  Tinctura  rhej  —  t. 
Rhabarbari  composita,  Tinctura  rhej— t.  Rha- 
barbari  vinosa,  Vinurn  rhej  paimati. 

Tinctura  Rhei,  T.  Rhabarb'ari,  T.  Rhabar- 
bari sjiiriluo'sa,  T.  Rhai,  T.  Rhei  palma'ti,  Tinc- 
ture of  Rhubarb.  (Rhei.  rad.  concis.  giij,  car- 
dam,  cont.  gss,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oij.  Macerate  for 
14  days,  express,  and  filter.  It  may  also  be  pre- 
pared by  displacement.  Ph.  U.S.)  Stomachic 
or  purgative,  according  to  the  dose  employed:  f. 
3J  to  3ij  as  a  stomachic;  f.  giv  to  gj  as  a  purga- 
tive. 

Tinctura  Rhei  Compos'ita,  T.  Rhabarbari 
composita,  Compound  Tincture  of  Rhubarb.  (Rhei 
rad.  concis.  ^ij,  glycijrrhiz.  rod.  cont.  3SS,  zin- 
gib.  rad.  concis.,  croci  stigmat.  aa  .^ij,  aqua,  f. 
§xij,  sp.  ten.  Oj.  Ph.  L.)  Properties  same  as 
the  last. 

Tinctura  Rhei  et  Al'oes,  Tincture  of  Rhu- 
barb and  Aloes,  Elixir  sacrum.     (Rad.  rhei  concis 
gxi,  aloes  £vj,  sent,  cardam.  cont.  ^ss,  alcohol 
dilut.  Oij.     Macerate  for  14  days,  express,  and 
filter.     Ph.  U.  S.)     Properties  like  the  last. 

Rymer's  Cardiac  Tincture  consists  of  an  infu- 
sion of  Capsicum,  Camphor,  Cardamom,  seeds, 
Rhubarb,  Aloes  and  Castor  in  Proof  Spirit,  with 
a  very  small  quantity  of  Sulphuric  Acid. 

Tinctura  Rhei  et  Gentia'n.*:,  Tincture  of 
Rhubarb  with  Gentian,  Tinctura  Rhei  Ama'ra. 
(Rhei  cont  ^ij,  gentian,  cont.  §ss,  alcoholis  di- 
iuti  Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  express,  and 
filter.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  may  also  be  prepared  by 
displacement.     Properties  same  as  the  last. 

Tinctura  Rhej  et  Senn/e,  Tincture  of  Rhu- 
barb arid  Senna,  Warner's  Gout  Cordial.  (Rhej. 
cont.  §j,  sennseQ),  coriandr.  cont.,  famicul.  sem. 
cont.  aa  gj,  santal.  rasur.  gij,  croci.  ghjcyrrhiz. 
rad.  aa  £ss,  uvar  passar.  acinis  exemptis,  Ibss, 
alcohol,  dilut.  Oiij.  Macerate  for  14  days;  ex- 
press, and  filter.     Ph.  U.  S.)    Dose,  f.  sjss  to 

Tinctura  Rhcej,  Tinctura  rhej  —  t.  Rhcej 
amara,  Tinctura  rhej  et  gentiance— t.  Sacra, 
Vinum  aloes — t.  Saponis  camphorata,  Linimen- 
tnm  saponis  compositum — t.  Saponis  et  opii, 
Linimentum  saponis  et  opii— t.  Sedativa,  Tinc- 
tura opii. 

Tinctura  Sanguinary,  Tincture  of  Blood- 
root.  (Sanguinar.  cont.  £iv,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oij. 
Macerate  for  14  days,  express,  and  filter.  Ph. 
U.  S.)  It  may  also  be  prepared  by  displace- 
ment.    Dose,  30  to  60  drops. 

Tinctura  Saponis  Camphorata,  Linimen- 
tum saponis. 

Tinctura  Scit.i.jE,  Tincture  of  Squill.  (Scil/a 
exsiecal.  giv,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oij.  Macerate  for 
14  days, "express,  and  filter.  It  may  also  be 
made  by  displacement.  Ph.  V.  S.)  Properties, 
mine  as  those  of  the  bulb.     Dose,  gtt.  xv  to  Ix. 


Tinctura  Senn«,  T.  Senna  Compos'itat 
Elixir  Salu'tis,  Daffy's  Elixir,  Tincture  of  Senna. 
(Senna;  fol.  ^iij,  Carui  sem.  cont.  §iij,  curdam. 
sem.  cont.  gj,  uvarum  passarum  demptis  acinis, 
§iv,  sp.  ten.  Oij.  Ph.  L.  §•  D.)  Stomachic, 
carminative  and  cathartic.     Dose,  f.  gij  to  f.  gj. 

Tincture  SennjE  et  Jalaps,  Tincture  if 
Senna  and  Jalap.  (Senna  3"j,  jalap,  pulv.  ^j, 
coriandr.  cont.,  carui  cont.,  aa  ^ss,  cardam.  cont. 
sjij,  sacch.  giv,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oiij.  Macerate  for 
14  days,  express,  and  filter.  Ph.  U.S.)  It  may 
also  be  prepared  by  displacement.  Dose,  f.  31J 
to  f.  §j. 

Tinctura  Serpenta'rije,  T.  S.  Virgin'iana, 
T.  Aristolochi 'a.  Serpentaria,  Tincture  of  Snake' 
root.  Rad.  serpent.  §iij,  sp.  ten.  Oij.  Mace- 
rate for  14  days,  express,  and  filter.  Ph.  U.  S.) 
It  may  also  be  prepared  by  displacement. 
Tonic.     Dose,  f.  gss  to  f.  Zij. 

Tinctura  Stomachica,  Tinctura  cardamomi 
composita. 

Tinctura  Stramo'mi,  Tincture  of  Stramo- 
nium. (Stramon.  sem.  cont.  3jiv,  alcohol,  dilut. 
Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  express,  and  filter. 
Ph.  U.  S.)  It  may  also  be  prepared  by  displace- 
ment.    Dose,  ten  to  twenty  minims. 

Tinctura  Strvch'ni^e,  Tincture  of  Strych- 
nia. (Alcohol.  S.  G.  .837.  Oj,  slrychnae,  gr. 
iij  )  Dose,  b"  drops  to  24.  Properties,  those  of 
the  strychnia. 

Tinctura  seu  Al'cohol  Sulfhu'rico- 
i'Ethe'reus  Ferri,  Gutta  nervina,  Liquor 
Anod'ijnus  Marliaiis,  Al'cohol  atherevs  ferratus, 
Naph'tha  Vitrioli  Martia'lis,  Solutio  Muriatis 
ferrici  athe'rea,  Spir'itus  sulphurico-alhe'reus 
Marliaiis,  Tinclu'ra  nervi'na  Halensis,  T.  Ton'ico- 
nervi'na  Halert'sis,  Tinctura  aurea,  T.  nervina 
Bestuchvffii,  T.  nervino-tonica  (Lamotle's,)  T. 
athe'rea  Jerri,  JEther  Marliaiis,  De  La  Matte's 
Golden  Drops,  Bestuchejfs  Nervous  Tincture, 
Elixir  d'or  de  M.  le  General  De  La  Matte.  An 
ethereal  solution  of  muriate  of  iron.  It  is  much 
used  in  gout,  hypochondriasis,  &c. 

Tinctura  Sui.phuris  Volatilis,  Liquor  fu- 
mans  Boylii — t.  Thebaica, Tinctura  opii,  Vinurn 
opii. 

Tinctura  Toluie'euje  Bal'sami,  Tincture  of 
Balsam  of  Toluf ' ,  T.  Bal'sami  Toluta'ni,  T.  To- 
luta'ni,  (Ph.  U.S.)  ( Tolutan.  gjss,  alcohol,  ftj.) 
Reputed  to  be  expectorant  and  corroborant. 
Dose,  f.  gss  to  f.  gj  or  more. 

Tinctura  Tonica  Nervina  Halensis,  Alco- 
hol (seu  Tinctura)  sulphurico-aethereus  ferri. 

Tinctura  Valeria'n^e,  Tincture  of  Valerian. 
(Valerian,  cont.  giv,  alcohol  dilut.  Oij.  Mace- 
rate for  14  days,  express,  and  strain.  It  may 
also  be  prepared  by  displacement.  Ph.  U.  S.) 
Stimulant  and  antispasmodic.  Dose,  f.  gss  to  gij. 

Tinctura  Valeriana  Ammonia'ta,  Ammo- 
nialed  or  Volatile  Tincture  of  Valerian,  T.  Vale- 
riana Volal'i/is.  (Valeriana  cont.  ^iv,  sp.  am- 
nion, arom.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  express, 
and  filter.  It  may  also  be  made  by  displacement. 
Ph.  U.  S.)     Like  the  former.    Dose,  f.  gss  to  f. 

Tinctura  Vera'tri,  T.  Veratri  albi,  Tincture 
of  White  Hellebore.  (Rad.  veratri.  alb.  cont. 
gviij,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oijss.  Ph.  E.)  Emetic 
and  cathartic:  but  not  very  manageable.  Dose, 
g".  v.  to  x. 

Tinctura  Zingib'eris,  T.Amo'mi  Zingiberis, 
Tincture  of  Ginger.  (Zingib.  cont.  gviij,  alco- 
hol. Oij.    Macerate  for  14  days,  express,  and 


TINCTURE  OF  ACETATE  OF  IRON    750 


TISSUE 


filter.  It  may  also  be  made  by  displacement. 
Ph.  U.  S.)  Stimulant  and  carminative.  Dose, 
f.  ^ss  to  f.  gj. 

TINCTURE  OF  ACETATE  OF  IRON, 
Tinctura  Jerri  acetatis — t.  of  Aconite,  Tinctura 
aconiti — t.  of  Balsam  of  Tolu, Tinctura  toluifera? 
balsami  — t.  of  Bark,  Tinctura  cinchona?— t.  of 
Bark,  ammoniated,  Tinctura  cinchona?  ammo- 
niata — t.  of  Bark,  compound,  Tinctura  cinchona 
composita — t.  of  Bark,  Huxham's,  Tinctura  cin- 
chona? composita — t.  of  Bark,  volatile,  Tinctura 
cinchona?  ammoniata — t.  of  Belladonna,  Tinc- 
tura belladonna? — t.  of  Blistering  Fly,  Tinctura 
cantharidis — t.  Cardiac,  Rymer's,  Tinctura  rhej 
et  aloes — t.  of  Colchicum  seeds,  Tinctura  col- 
chici — t.  of  Cubebs,  Tinctura  cubeba? — t.  of 
Galls,  Tinctura  galiarum — t»  of  Ginger,  Tinc- 
tura zingibers — t.  for  the  Gout,  Dr.  Wilson's, 
see  Colchicum.  autumnale — t.  Hatfield's,  see 
Tinctura  guaici  ammoniata — t.  of  Hellebore, 
white,  Tinctura  veratri — t.  of  Hemlock,  Tinc- 
tura conii  maculati — t.  of  Henbane,  Tinctura 
hyoscyami — t.  of  Hops,  Tinctura  humuli — t.  of 
Iodine,  compound,  Tinctura  iodini  composita — 
t.  of  Iron,  ammoniated,  Tinctura  ferri  ammo- 
niata— t.  of  Iron,  muriated,  Tinctura  ferri  mu- 
riatis — t.  of  Lobelia,  Tinctura  lobelia? — t.  of 
Ludwig,  see  Ferrum  tartarizatum — t.  of  Lupu- 
line,  Tinctura  lupulina?— t.  of  Musk,  Tinctura 
moschi — t.  Nervous,  BestuchefT's,  Tinctura  seu 
alcohol  sulphurico-a?thereus  ferri — t.  of  Oil  of 
Peppermint,  Tinctura  olei  mentha?  piperita? — 
t.  of  Oil  of  Spearmint,  Tinctura  olei  mentha 
viridis — t.  of  Opium,  acetated,  Tinctura  opii 
acetata — t.  of  Orange  peel,  Tinctura  aurantii — 
t.  of  Rhatany,  Tinctura  krameria? — t.  of  Rhu- 
barb, Tinctura  rhej— t.  of  Rhubarb  and  aloes, 
Tinctura  rhej  et  aloes — t.  of  Rhubarb  and  gen- 
tian, Tinctura  rhej  et  gentiana? — t.  of  Rhubarb 
and  senna,  Tinctura  rhej  et  senna? — t.  of  Saf- 
fron, Tinctura  croci — t.  of  Saffron,  compound, 
Tinctura  de  croco  composita — t.  of  Senna  and 
jalap,  Tinctura  senna?  et  jalapa? — t,  of  Snake- 
root,  Tinctura  serpentarise — t.  of  Soap,  campho- 
rated, Linimentum  saponis — t.  of  Spanish  Fly, 
Tinctura  cantharidis — t.  of  Squill,  Tinctura 
scilla?— t.  of  Steel,  Tinctura  ferri  chloridi — t. 
Stomach,  Tinctura  cardamomi  composita — t.  of 
Stramonium,  Tinctura  stramonii — t.  for  the 
Teeth,  Greenough's,  see  Spiritus  armoraciae 
compositus — t.  of  Wormwood,  compound,  Tinc- 
tura absinthii  composita. 

TINDER,  Boletus  igniarius. 

TINEA,  Porrigo — t.  Faciei,  Porrigo  laivalis 
— t.  Favosa,  Porrigo  favosa — t.  Ficosa,  Porrigo 
scutulata — I.  Furfuracea,  Porrigo  f'urfurans — t. 
Granulata,  Porrigo  scutulata,  Porrigo  lupinosa 
— t.  Lactea,  Porrigo  larvalis — t.  Lupina,  Por- 
rigo lupinosa — t.  Mucosa,  Porrigo  lupinosa — t. 
Porriginosa,  Porrigo  furfurans — t.  Tondans, 
Porrigo  decalvans. 

TINKER'S  WEED,  Triosteum. 

TINKLING,  METALLIC,  Ttntement  metal- 
lique. 

TINNIMENTUM  METALLICUM,  Ttnte- 
ment metnlhque. 

TINNITUS  AURIUM,  Paracusis  imagine'- 
ria,  Susur'rus,  Syrig'mus,  Syring'mos,  Sib'ilus, 
S.clango'svs,  Strep'ilus  aurium,  Ecfios,  Eneche'- 
ma,  Bom  bus.  '  ringing  of  the  ears,'  from  tinnire, 
'to  ring.'  (F.)  Tintement,  Tintouin.  An  ima- 
ginary sound,  like  the  ringing  of  a  bell,  the 
noise  of  wind,  the   murmur   of  water,   &c, 


heard  in  health  and  in  sickness.     It  ig,  oftera7 
an  accompaniment  of  cerebral  disorder. 

TINTEMENT,  Tinnitus  aurium— t.  Bullaire, 
T.  metallii/iie. 

TINTEMENT  M6TJLLIQUE  (F.),  Tlnle- 
.ment  bullaire,  Tin  ni  men' turn  melul'licum.  Me- 
tallic Resviialion,  Metallic  Voice,  Metallic  Tink- 
ling. A  particular  noise,  heard  by  the  stetho- 
scope when  applied  to  the  chest,  and  which, 
according  to  Laennec,  resembles  that  caused 
by  striking  metal,  glass,  or  porcelain,  with  a 
pin ;  but  which  is.  perhaps,  more  like  the  sound 
of  the  keys  of  a  musical  snuffbox.  The  tinte- 
ment mi.tall.ique  or  metallic  tinkling  is  heard  on 
causing  the  patient  to  speak  or  breathe;  but  is 
more  distinct  when  be  coughs.  When  the  phe- 
nomenon is  not  so  strongly  marked  it  produces 
only  the  metallic  resonance.  The  '  metallic  tink- 
ling '  is  a  pathognomonic  symptom  of  a  com- 
munication between  the  bronchia  and  cavity  of 
the  chest;  in  other  words,  of  Pneumothorax. 

TINTINNABULUM,  Uvula. 

TINTOUIN,  Tinnitus  aurium. 

TIPSARIA,  Decoctum  bordei. 

TIRE-B.'iLLE,  Forceps  (bullet.) 

TIRE-FOND,  (F.)  A  surgical  instrument, 
formerly  used  to  elevate  the  piece  of  bone  sawn 
off  by  the  trephine. 

TIRE-PUS,  Pyulcon. 

TIRE-TETE,  (F.)  A  name  given  to  dif- 
ferent instruments  used  for  extracting  the  head 
of  the  child  when  left  in  the  uterus,  and  in 
certain  cases  of  difficult  labour.  The  crotchet 
(q.  v.)  is  one  of  those,  as  well  as  the  Jire4ete  a 
bascule  of  Levret,  &c. 

TIRES,  Milk  sickness. 

TISANE,  Pti'sana  or  Ptis'sana,  Ptisane, 
from  micravT],  'barley.'  A  name  given  to  aque- 
ous medicines,  containing  but  little,  if  any, 
medicinal  agent.  The  ancients  gave  the  name 
particularly  to  the  decoction  of  barley. 

TISANE  COMMUNE,  Decoctum  hordei. 

TISSU,  Tissue — t.  Accidentel,  see  Accidental 
—  t.  Caverneux,  Cavernous  texture — t.Celluhux 
des  os,  Cancelli — t.  Inodulaire,  Tissue,  inodular 
— t.  Spongo'ide.,  Spongoid  tissue. 

TISSUE,  Teztus,  (F.)  Tissu.  By  this  term, 
in  anatomy,  is  meant  the  various  parts,  which, 
by  their  union,  form  the  organs;  and  are,  as  it 
were,  their  anatomical  elements.  General 
anatomy  is  the  anatomy  of  the  tissues,  which 
are  the  seat  of  the  investigations  of  the  patho- 
logical anatomist.  The  best  division,  indeed, 
of  diseases  would  be  according  to  the  tissues 
mainly  implicated.  For  the  elementary  Tis- 
sues, see  Fibre.  The  compound  tissues,  which, 
by  associating  or  combining  variously,  form 
every  organ  of  the  body,  have  been  variously 
classed:  but  every  division  is  imperfect  and 
liable  to  objections.  The  following,  by  Messrs. 
Todd  and  Bowman,  is  one  of  the  most  recent. 
Tabular  View  of  the  Tissues  of  the  Human  Body. 

Examples. 

1.  Simple  membrane,  homo?eneous,  ]  *g«"  Z^IS''!. 


tir  ne;irly  so,  employed  alone, 


|   the  cornea  — Cap- 


or  in  the  formation  of  eom'  >  !",e  °£t,,e!ens ' 

1   Sarcolemma 


pound  membranes. 


j   muscle,  &r. 


2.  Filamentous  tissues,  the  elements  1  White  and  yellow 

of  which  are  real  or  apparent  V  fibions  tissuis.— 
filaments.  )    Areolar  tissue 

3.  Compound  membranes,  composed  \  Mucous  membrane 

of  simple  membrane,  anil  a  layer  |  —Skin.— True  or 
of  cells  of  various  forms,  epi-  y  secretin g  glai  <!.,. 
thelium  or  <  p. dermis,)  or  of  are-  |  -Serous  and  synn- 
olar  tissue  and  epithelium.         J  via!  membranes. 


TISSUE,  &c. 


751 


TONGUE 


*"  ^ST-SSi?  r,6tain  ",e  p,imi-  )  Adir°»9  li^»e.- 
uve  cellular  strucune  a.  their  C  <  artilaee. -Gray 

pe  manent  c  harartrr  C  „  h  ' 

■i    s  .,....„.,„  .  .  ,.:.„.  ."'  r-  )  nervous  matter. 


5.  Sclerous  or  hard  tissue 

ti.  Compound  iissu  s. 

«.  Composed   of  tubes   of  homoge- 


Boue  —  Teeth. 


m  ous  membrane,  containing  a  ^ Muscle.— Nerve, 
peculiar  substance.  (  •    ' 

*.  Composed   of  white   fibrous  t's-  )  „., 

sues  and  cartilage.  J  Fibro-cartilage. 

Tissue,  Accidental  or  Adventitious,  con- 
sists of  every  substance-foreign  to  the  primi- 
tive organization  of  the  economy,  but  yet  or- 
ganized and  living— which  may  be  developed 
in  the  anterior  or  at  the  surface  of  oro-ans. 
Laennec  divides  the  accidental  tissues  into  two 
sections.  1.  Those  that  resemble  others  in  the 
animal  economy,  or  analogous  accidental,  tis- 
sues,- and,  2.  Those  that  have  nothing  analo- 
gous in  the  body,  and  which  are  always  the  re- 
sult of  a  morbid  process— the  heterologous  or 
helerodite  accidental  tissues.  To  the  first  class 
belong,  ossifications;  accidental  fibrous,  fibro- 
cartilaginous, cartilaginous,  cellular,  and  cor- 
neous tissues;  hairs;  the  serous  membranes  of 
certain  encysted  tumours;  the  mucous  mem- 
branes of  fistulous  canals,  and  accidental  syno- 
vial membranes.  To  the  second  belong  tuber- 
cles, scirrhi,  melanoses,  &c. 

Tissue,  Areolar,  Cellular  tissue— t.  Cribri- 
form, Cellular  tissue — t.  Filamentous,  Cellular 
tissue. 

Tissue,  Inod'ular,  Tela  inodula'ris,  (F.)  Ino- 
dule,  Tissu  inodulaire.  A  name  given  by  Del- 
pech  to  an  accidental  fibrous  tissue  developed 
in  suppurating  wounds,  which  is  the  principal 
agent  in  cicatrization.  It  has,  at  first,  the  ap- 
pearance of  a  reddish  cellulo-fibrous  layer; 
but  soon  loses  its  vascularity;  and  its  fibres, 
which  pass  in  all  directions,  become  of  a  dull 
white  colour,  and  of  a  consistence  and  hard- 
ness, that  may  be  compared  to  those  of  the 
strongest  articular  ligaments.  It  is  well  seen 
in  the  cicatrix  left  after  burns. 

Tissue,  Laminated,  Cellular  tissue — t.  Liga- 
mentous, Desmoid  tissue — t.  Mucous,  Cellular 
tissue — t.  Porous,  Cellular   tissue— t.  Reticu- 
lated, Cellular  tissue. 
TITHENESIS,  Lactation. 
TITH  YMALUS,  Euphorbia  palustris— t.  Cy- 
parissia,   Euphorbia    cyparissias — t.  Latifolius, 
Euphorbia  lathyris — t.  Paralias,  Euphorbia  pa- 
ralias. 
TITILLATIO,  Garble. 
TITTHE,  Nipple. 
TITTHIQN,  Nipple. 
TITTHIS,  Nipple. 
TITTHOS,  Mamma.  Nipple, 
TITUBANTIA,  Bredouillement. 
TITUBATIO,  Fidgets. 

'PO-AND  FRO-SOUND,  Bruit  defrotlement. 

TOADFLAX,  Antirhinum  linaria. 

TOBACCO,  Nicotiana  tabacum— t.  English, 

Nicotiana  rustica — t.  Indian,  Lobelia  inflata — t. 

Poison,  Hyoscyamus   niger — t.  Wild,  Lobelia 

inflata. 

TOCETOS,  Parturition. 
TOCOLOGY,  Obstetrics. 
TOCOS,  Parturition. 
TODDY  TREE,  Mamei. 
TOE,  Diffilus  pedis. 

TOEPLITZ  or  TEPLITZ,  MINERAL  WA- 
TERS OF.  Toplitz  is  a  town  of  Bohemia, 
celebrated  for  its  numerous  thermal  springs. 
The  water  contains  chloride  of  sodium,  carbo- 


nate, and  sulphate  of  soda;  and  carbonates  of 
lime  and  iron.  &c.     Temp.  114°  to  122°  Fahr. 
TOFUS.  Tophus. 

TOILE  D'JiRAIGJYlZE,  Araneee  tela— t.  Cho- 
ro'idimne,  see  Choroid— £.  dc  Gaulticr.  Sparadra- 
pum  Galteri. 
TOKAS,  Puerpera. 
TOKOLOGY,  Obstetrics. 
TOLA,  Tonsil. 
TOLES,  Tonsil. 
TOLIUM,  Tonsil. 
TOLLES,  Tonsil. 
TOLLUM,  Tonsil. 

TOLUIF'ERA  BAL'SAMUM,  Myrox'ijlon 
Toluiferum.  F<v»u7^,Terebinthacea3.  Sex.Sysl. 
Decandria  Monogynia.  The  name  of  the  tree 
which  affords  the  Balsam  of  Tola',  Bulsamum 
Toluta'num,  Tolula'num,  (Pii.  U.  S.,)  Toluif'era: 
Balsami,  Bulsamum,  Gvac'onaz,  Red  Balsam  of 
Peru,  (F.)  Baume  de  Tolu,  B.  de  Caithagene. 
It  has  a  very  fragrant  odour,  and  warm,  sweet- 
ish taste;  is  thick,  and  of  a  reddish-yellow  co- 
lour. It  is  stimulant  and  expectorant,  (?)  and 
is  used  in  coughs.  It  is  chiefly,  however,  em- 
ployed on  account  of  its  flavour. 

TOLUTANUM,  see  Toluif'era  balsamum. 
TOMATA,  Solanum  Ivcopersicum. 
TOME,  Tom'us,  Topy,  roy.oc,  '  incision.'     A 
common  suffix,  as  in  Lithotomy,  Bconchotomy, 
&c. 

Tome,  Cut,  Incision. 
TOMEION,  Knife. 

TOMEN'TUM  CEREBRI,  from  tomentum, 
'a  flock  of  wool.'     The  infinite  number  of  small 
vessels  which  pass  between  the  pia  mater  and 
convolutions  of  the  brain.     They  enter  the  sub- 
stance of  the  brain  at  right  angles. 
TOM EUS,  Knife. 
TOM1S,  Scissors. 
TOMOTOCIA,  Cesarean  section. 
TONE,  Tonus,  from  zfuco,  'I  stretch.'    The 
state  of  tension  or  firmness  proper  to  each  or- 
ganic tissue.     It  is  the  effect  of  Tonicity,  (q.  v.) 
Tone,  Elasticity. 

TONGRES,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  The 
town  of  Tongres  is  about  a  league  from  Maes- 
tricht  in  the  Low  Countries.  The  springs,  of 
which  there  are  several,  are  chalybeate,  con- 
taining carbonates  of  iron  and  magnesia. 

TONGUE,  Sax.  tun5,  (D.)  Tong,  Lingua, 
Glossa,  Glolta,  (F.)  Langue.  The  tongue  is  a 
muscular,  symmetrical,  and  very  mobile  organ; 
situate  in  the  mouth,  from  the  os  hyoides  and 
epiglottis  to  the  incisor  teeth.  Its  use  is,  par- 
ticularly, to  procure  for  us  the  sensation  of 
savours;  and  it  aids  in  the  acts  of  sucking, 
mastication,  deglutition,  pronunciation,  and  ex- 
puilion.  It  has  the  shape  of  a  pyramid,  flat- 
tened above  and  below;  rounded  at  its  angles, 
and  terminated,  anteriorly,  by  a  blunt  point. 
Its  upper  surface,  called  the  dorsum,  is  free, 
flat,  and  divided  into  two  portions  by  a  median 
furrow,  linea  mediana,-  at  the  posterior  extre- 
mity of  which  is  the  foramen  cascum.  The  in- 
ferior surface  is  free,  and  covered  by  the  mu- 
cous membrane  on  its  anterior  third  and  sides: 
but  behind  and  in  the  middle  it  is  attached  to 
the  lower  jaw,  by  means  of  the  genio-glossus; 
and  to  the  hyoides  by  the  hyoglossus.  Its  mar- 
gins are  rounded;  thick  behind,  thinner  an- 
teriorly. Its  tip,  or  point,  or  dental  exltemity  is 
rounded  and  free:— the  root,  base,  or  hyoid  ex- 
tremity is  continuous  with  the  epiglottis   and 


TONGUE,  BLACK 


752 


TOOTHACHE 


velum  palati.  It  is  very  thick  at  the  foramen 
caecum;  but  thinner  as  it  approaches  the  hyoid 
bone.  The  tongue  is  composed  of  muscles,  and 
covered  by  a  mucous  membrane — Perigluitis, 
Involu'crum  lingua;,  Membra! na  seu  Tu'nica  va- 
ginalis seu  Cutis  seu  Epider'mis  seu  Tunica  seu 
Involu'crum  mucosum  seu  Crusta  villa' sa  linguae 
—  which  forms  also  the  framum  beneath  the 
tongue.  On  this  membrane  are  seen  the  dif- 
ferent papilla;,  (q.  v.)  The  nerves  of  this  organ 
proceed  from  the  inferior  maxillary,  glosso-pha- 
ryngeal  and  hypoglossal.  The  first  and  second 
are  connected  with  taste;  the  last  with  the 
motions  of  the  organ.  Some  recent  observers, 
however,  consider  the  glosso-pharyngeal  to  be 
the  special  nerve  of  gustation.  The  arteries  are 
the  lingual,  from  the  external  carotid;  and  the 
palatine  and  tonsillar,  from  the  labial.  The  veins 
are  the  superficialis  lingua:,  ranina,  lingualis, 
and  submentaim.  They  open  into  those  of  the 
pharynx  and  larynx.  Its  lymphatic  vessels 
pass  into  ganglia,  situate  at  the  edge  of  the 
hyoglossi  muscles. 

Toncue,  Black.  A  fever  which  prevailed 
in  the  western  states  in  the  winter  of  1842-3; 
probably  typhoid  fever.  According  to  some,  an 
epidemic  erysipelas. 

Tongue,  Hehnia  of  the,  Glossocele — t.  In- 
flammation of  the,  Glossitis — t.  Red,  fever,  see 
Typhus— t.  Scraper,  Cure-langue — t.  Tie,  see 
Ankyloglossum. 

TON'IC,  Ton'icus.  Same  etymon  as  Tone, 
(q.  v.)     Relating  to  tone. 

Tonic,  Ton'icus,  Tono'ticus,  (F.)  Tonique,  For- 
t'tfiant,  in  Therapeutics,  means  a  medicine, 
which  has  the  power  of  exciting  slowly  and  by 
insensible  degrees  the  organic  actions  of  the 
different  systems  of  the  animal  economy,  and 
of  augmenting  their  strength  in  a  durable  man- 
ner. Bitter,  vegetable  substances  which  are 
not  associated  with  an  acrid  or  narcotic  princi- 
ple; preparations  of  iron;  cold  water.  &c,  act 
as  tonics.  They  are  also  called  Comfortan'tia, 
Confortati'va,  Corroboran'tia,  Conjirmun'tia,  Ro- 
boran'tia,  &c. 

The  following  are  the  chief  Tonics: — Acidum 
Arseniosum,  Acidum  Nitricum,  Acidum  Sul- 
phuricum,  Ar<renti  Nitras,  Bismuthi  Subnitras, 
Carbo  Ligni,  Oascarilla,  Cinchona,  Cinclionia, 
Colomba,  Cornus  Florida,  Cupri  Acetas,  Cupri 
Sulphas,  Cuprum  ammoniatum,  Cusparia,  Eu- 
patorium  perfoliatum,  Ferri  Prasparata,  Genti- 
ana,  Liriodenilron,  Lupulina,  Piperina,  Prunus 
Virginiana,  Quassia,  Quinia,  Salix,  Salicina, 
Serpentaria,  Zinci  pragparata, Aquas  mine- 
rales  acidulse  et  ferruginere,  Mental  Tonics, 
(Confidence,  Hope,  Amusement.) 

Tonic  Power,  Irritability. 

Tonic  Spasm,  Spasmus  ton'icus,  Convul'sio 
tonica,  Conductio,  Spas'ticus,  Tonos,  Ento'nia, 
Enta'sia.  A  rigid  contraction  of  muscles  with- 
out relaxation,  as  in  trismus,  tetanus,  &c.  See 
Tetanus  and  Spasm. 

TONICITY,  Tonic"ilas.  The  faculty  that  de- 
termines the  general  tone  of  the  solids.  Ex- 
cessive tonicity  causes  er'ethism  or  ciispness; 
deficient  tonicity,  atony  or  weakness.  Tonicity 
has  been  used  in  the  same  sense  as  irritability. 

TOJV1QUE,  Tonic. 

TONOS,  Tonic  spasm — t.  Trismus,  Trismus. 

TONOTICUS,  Tonic. 

TONSIL,  Tonsil' la,  Amyg'dala,  Puristh'mia, 


Almond  of  the  ear,  Almond  of  the  throat,  Toli, 
Tol/es,  Tales,  To'lium,  Tollum,  Spongos,  PI.  Anti'' 
ades,  (F.)  Amygdale,  TonsiUe.  An  ovoid  folli- 
cle, about  half  an  inch  in  length,  similar  in 
shape  to  an  almond,  and  situate,  on  each  side, 
between  the  pillars  of  the  velum  palati.  The 
inner  surface,  projecting  into  the  isthmus  of  the 
throat,  is  covered  by  the  mucous  membrane,  in 
which  are  the  orifices  of  a  dozen  cells,  whence 
a  transparent,  viscid  mucus  oozes  on  pressure. 
This  mucus  is  destined  to  facilitate  deglutition;, 
by  lubricating  the  isthmus  faucium^  and  is 
forced  out  during  the  passage  of  the  alimentary 
bolus. 

TONS1LLARUM  GANGRiENA,  Cynanche 
maligna. 

TONSILLE,  Tonsil. 

TONSILLITIS,  Cynanche  tonsillaris. 

TONSOR1US  CU'LTER,  Razor. 

TOOTH,  Sax.  to»,  Dens,  Odous,  (F.)  Bent. 
The  teeth,  Dentes,  Mord'ices,  are  small,  hard 
bones,  fixed  in  the  alveoli  of  each  jaw,  and 
serving  to  lay  hold  of,  and  to  cut,  tear,  and  tri- 
turate alimentary  substances.  True  teeth  are 
found  only  in  man,  the  mammalia,  reptiles,  and 
fish.  The  teeth  have,  in  general,  the  shape  of 
an  irregular  cone,  the  base  of  which  is  towards 
the  interior  of  the  mouth;  and  tlie  apex,  single 
or  divided,  towards  the  bottom  of  the  alveoli. 
Each  tooth  has  a  part  situate  out  of  the  alveo- 
lus, and  covered  by  a  vitriforin  substance.  This 
part  is  called  the  crown  or  corona.  It  is  bounded 
by  a  narrower  portion,  called  the  cervix,  (F.) 
collet,  which  separates  it  from  the  portion  in  the 
alveolus — the  fan  g  or  root,  (F.)  racine.  In  the 
adult,  the  teeth  are  32  in  number;  16  to  each 
jaw :  these  consist  of  4  incisors,  2  canine,  4  bi- 
cuspiduti,  and  6  molures.  (See  these  various 
terms.)  The  teeth  enclose  a  vascular  and  ner- 
vous pulp,  in  a  central  cavity,  Cavitas  Pulpaz, 
Cavum  Dcntis,  Antrum  dentu'/e.  They  are 
formed  of  a  very  hard,  compact  tissue;  and 
the  corona  is  covered  by  a  vitreous  sub- 
stance called  Enamel,  (q.  v.)  The  incisor  and 
canine  teeth  are  developed  by  a  single  point  of 
ossification,  the  lesser  molares, by  two;  and  the 
larger,  by  four  or  five.  See  Dentition.  Recent 
researches  by  Retzius,  Muller  and  others,  have 
shown  that  the  ivory  or  Dentine,  Substantia 
ossea,  of  Malpighi,  of  the  tooth  consists  of  tu- 
bular fibres,  which  contain  organic  deposits  of 
calcareous  salts;  and  of  intertubular  substance, 
in  which  are  observed  corpuscles  or  osseous 
cells  of  the  tooth,  called  by  Professor  Owen, 
calcigerous  cells,  which  also  contain  earthy 
salts.  At  the  part  where  the  enamel  terminates 
at  the  cervix  of  the  tooth,  the  crusta  petrosa,  ce- 
men'tum,  or  cortical  substance  commences  in  an 
extremely  thin  stratum,  passes  down  and  gra- 
dually increases  in  thickness  towards  the  extre- 
mity of  the  root,  where  it  is  generally  the  thick- 
est. It  is  said,  by  Nasmyth,  to  have  been  traced 
on  the  enamel,  and  Purkinje  and  Frankel  found 
it  lining  the  cavitas  pulpae.  They  gave  it  the 
name  Substantia  ostoidea.  It  is  the  materia  tar- 
tar ea  of  Malpighi.  In  the  compound  teeth  of 
the  herbivorous  animal,  a  deposition  is  found 
on  the  surface  of  the  enamel,  which  has  been 
called  cementum.  Muller,  however,  regards  it 
to  be  a  deposit  from  the  salts  and  the  saliva,  and 
to  be  essentially  the  same  as  what  is  called  tar- 
tar in  the  human  subject. 

TOOTHACHE,  Odontalgia-t.  Bush,  Xan- 


TOOTH  EDGE 


7C3 


TOVTE  &P1CE 


Ihoxylum  fraxineum— t.  Tree,  Aralia  spinosa, 
Xanthoxylum  clava  Herculis. 

TOOTH  EDGE,  Agacement  des  Dents,  flee- 
modia— t.  Rash,  Strophulus— t.  Shell,  dog-like, 
Dentalium. 

TOPHACEOUS  CONCRETION,  Tophus. 

TOPHUS,  Tofus,  Tophaceous  Concre'tion. 
A  collection  of  hard,  calcareous  matter,  which 
forms,  particularly,  at  the  surface  of  joints  af- 
fected with  gout;  (see  Calculi,  arthritic,)  and, 
occasionally,  in  the  interior  of  organs,  around 
the  teeth,  &c.     It  likewise  meant  gravel. 

TOP'IC,  Top'ical,  Top'icus.  A  local  applica- 
tion.   (F.)  Topique.     See  Local. 

TOPICUS,  Local. 

TOPINARlA,Talpa. 

TOPIQUE,  Topic. 

TOPLITZ,  Toeplitz. 

TOPOGRAPHICAL  ANATOMY,  see  Ana- 
tomy. 

TORCULAR,  Tourniquet. 

Tor'cular  Heroph'ili,  The  Press  of  He- 
roph'ilus,  Leckenei'on,  Lenos,  Fourth  Sinus, 
(F.)  Confluent  des  Sinus,  Pressoir  d  He'rophile. 
A  smooth  and  polished  cavity,  of  irregular 
shape,  in  which  several  sinuses  of  the  dura 
mater  meet.  It  is  situate  before  the  internal 
occipital  protuberance,  at  the  union  of  the  three 
great  duplicatures  of  the  dura  mater.  It  has 
six  openings  into  it: — one  above,  that  of  the 
superior  longitudinal  sinus: — two  below,  an- 
swering to  the  occipital  sinuses:  one  anterior, 
belonging  to  the  straight  sinus;  and  two  late- 
ral, and  very  broad,  which  lead  into  the  lateral 
sinuses;  and  convey,  from  the  cavity,  the  blood 
that  has  been  poured  into  it  by  the  others. 

TORDYL'IUM  OFFICINALE,  Ses'eli  Cret'- 
icum,  (F.)  Seseli  de  Crete.  Family,  Umbelli- 
feras.  Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria  Digynia.  The 
seeds  and  roots  of  this  Southern  European 
plant  are  considered  carminative  and  diuretic. 
They  enter  into  the  theriaca  (q.  v.) 

TORE'NIA  ASIATIC  A,  Ceela-dolo.  A 
small  Malabar  plant,  the  juice  of  whose  leaves, 
sweetened  with  sugar,  is  said  to  cure  gonor- 
rhoea. 

TORMENTIL,  Geranium  maculatum,  Tor- 
mentilla. 

TORMENTIL'LA,  T.  eree'ta,  Potentill'a  tor- 
mentill'a,  Common  Tormen'lil,  Upright  Septfoil, 
Hcptaphijl'lum,  Consol'ida  rubra,  (F.)  Torinen- 
tilte.  Family,  Rosaceae.  Sex.  Syst.  Icosandria 
Polygynia.  The  root  has  a  slightly  aromatic 
odour;  and  austere,  styptic  taste.  It  is  astrin- 
gent.    Dose,  of  the  powder,  gr.  x.  to  ^j. 

TORMENTUM,  Ileus,  Intussusceptio. 

TOR'MINA,  Slrophos,  Cazhal'gia,  Enccelial'- 
gia,  Gripes,  Mulligrubs,  (F.)  Tranchees.  Acute 
colicky  pains.    Dysentery,  (q.  v.) 

Tormina  Celsi.  Dysentery. 

TORN  ACULUM, "Tourniquet. 

TOROS'ITAS,  Corpulen'tia  carno'sa,  Hab'itus 
athlct'icus.  Muscular  strength,  from  torosus, 
'brawny,' — tori, '  brawn.' 

TORPEDO,  Narcosis. 

TORPOR,  Par  up' sis  expers,  (F.)  Engour- 
dissement,  from  torpcre,  '  to  be  numbed.'  State 
of  a  part  which  becomes  numb,  and  almost  in- 
capable of  motion.  It  is  also  applied  to  a  debi- 
litated slno-o-ish  condition  of  a  part  or  ot  the 
whole  of  the  body.     {¥.)  Accablement. 

Torpor  Narcosis— t.  of  the  Colon,  see  bo- 
Ion  torpor  of  the—  t.Intestinorum, Constipation. 


TORQUAY.  A  town  in  Devonshire,  Eng- 
land, which,  on  account  of  the  mildness  of  ito 
climate,  and  its  sheltered  situation  from  the 
bleaker  winds,  is  a  frequent  retreat  for  the 
phthisical  invalid. 

TOR'SION,  Torsio.  The  act  of  twisting. 
Torsion  of  the  extremities  of  bleeding  vessels, 
until  the  blood  ceases  to  flow,  is  sometimes  used 
to  arrest  hemorrhage  from  divided  vessels. 

TORTELLE,  Erysimum. 

TORTICOL'LIS,  Obstip'itas,  Caput  obsti'pum, 
Obsti'pa  cervix,  Co  Hum  obsti'pum,  Trachel'agra, 
Enta'sia  Loxia,  Loxias,  Cephalox'ia,  Stiff  neck, 
Wryneck;  from  torquere,  tortum,  '  to  twist,'  and 
collum,  '  the  neck.'  A  variety  of  rheuma- 
tism, seated  in  the  muscles  of  the  neck, 
which  prevents  the  motion  of  the  head,  and 
causes  the  patient  to  hold  it  inclined  to  the 
side  affected.  It  is,  commonly,  of  short  dura- 
tion; usually  disappearing  in  a  few  days.  Ru- 
befacients are  the  best  topical  applications. 
The  term  is  also  applied  to  permanent  contrac- 
tion of  the  muscles  of  the  neck,  which  causes 
the  head  to  be  held  to  one  side.  The  remedy 
is  the  division  of  the  contracted  muscles. 

TORTUE.  Testudo. 

TORTURA  ORIS,  Risus  sardonicus,  Tris- 
mus. 

TOT  A  BONA,  Chenopodium  bonus  Henricus. 

TOTUM  CARNOSUM,  Pancreas. 

TOUCH,  Tactus,  Tactio,  Hap' he,  Hapsis, 
Palpa'tion,  (F.)  Toucher.  One  of  the  five 
senses,  and  that  which  makes  known  to  us  the 
palpable  qualities  of  bodies,  such  as  their  con- 
sistence, quality,  &c.  It  is  seated,  particularly, 
in  the  hands;  and  differs  from  tact  (q.  v.)  in 
being  active. 

Touch-me-not,  Impatiens  fulva. 

Touch  Royal.  It  was  at  one  time  univer- 
sally believed,  in  England,  that  the  Royal 
touch  would  remove  Scrofula  or  King's  Evil, 
(as  it  was  thence  called.)  This  superstition  ia 
now  entirely  exploded.  Edward,  the  Confessor, 
was  the  first  English  king  who  touched  for  the 
Evii. 

TOUCHER,  Esaphe,  Touch. 

TOUCHWOOD,  BOLETUS,  Boletus  ignia- 
rius. 

TOUR  DE  MJHTRE,  Coup  de  rnaitre. 

TOURBILLOJY  VASCULJHRE,  Vasa  vaso- 
rum. 

TOURNESOL,  Heliotropium  Europium. 

TOURJYIOLE,  Paronychia. 

TOUR'NIQUET,  Tor'cular,  Tornac'ulum, 
Prm'lium,  PrseHium,  Fas'cia  tor'tilis,  from  (F.) 
tourner,  'to  turn.'  A  surgical  instrument  for 
stopping  the  course  of  blood  in  the  limbs,  by 
exerting  a  strong  compression  upon  the  princi- 
pal artery.  It  was  invented  by  a  French  sur- 
geon, Morel,  in  the  middle  of  the  17th  century; 
and  was  modified  subsequently,  by  Nuck,  Ver- 
duc,  Monro,  Petit,  and  Louis.  It  is  used  to 
suspend,  for  a  time,  the  circulation  in  a  limb, 
during  great  operations;  to  arrest  arterial  he- 
morrhage in  cases  of  wounds;  to  compress  cer- 
tain aneurismal  and  other  tumours,  &c. 

TOUS-LES-MOIS.  A  fecula  obtained  from 
the  root  of  Carina  coccinea.  It  resembles 
potato  starch;  and  may  be  substituted  for  arrow 
root.  It  is  obtained  from  St.  Kitts. 
TOUTE  BONNE,  Salvia  sclarea. 
TOUTE  IlPICE,  see  Myrtus  Pimenta— t. 
Suine,  Sanicula. 


TOVX 


754 


TRANCE 


TOVX,  Tussis— t.  Blent,  Pertussis— t.  Bron- 
chique,  Bronchial  cough,  Cough,  tubal — t.  Caver- 
neuse,  see  Cavernous  respiration — t.  Convulsive, 
Pertussis — /.  Quintense,  Pertussis — t.  Tubuire, 
Bronchial  cough,  Cough,  tubal. 

TOXICAL,  Poisonous. 

TOXICATIO,  Poisonino-. 

TOXICODENDRON,  Rhus  toxicodendron. 

TOXICOHyE'MlA,  from  to£i*w,  'a  poison,' 
and  'aipa,  'blood.'  Poisoning  of  the  blood. — 
Piorry. 

TOXICOL'OGY,  Toxkolog"ia,  from  roliy.ov, 
(itself  from  io%or,  'a  bow,')  'a  poison,'  and 
ioyog,  'a  description.'  A  treatise  on  poisons, 
(q.  v.) 

TOXICUM,  Poison,  Venom. 

TRABECULA,  Corpus  callosum— t.  Willisii, 
Chordae  Willisii. 

TRABS,  Penis — t.  Cordis,  Columns  carneae 
— t.  Medullaris,  Corpus  callosum. 

TRACHE'A,  (generally,  however,  accented 
Tra'chea,)  Trache'a  arte'ria.  Bronchus,  As'pera 
arteria,  Fis'tula  spirita'lis,  F.  pulmona' lis ,  Cari- 
na,- the  Windpipe,  (F.)  Trachtt  arlere,  from 
rga/ug,  'rough,'  and  aoTtjoiu.,  'artery,'  com- 
posed of  «i;o,  'air,'  and  rrigetv,  'to  keep.'  The 
trachea  is  a  cylindrical,  fibro-cartilaginous  and 
membranous  tube,  flattened  behind,  and  situate 
on  the  median  line,  before  the  vertebral  column, 
from  the  inferior  part  of  the  larynx,  as  far  as 
the  third  dorsal  vertebra.  There  it  divides  into 
two  branches,  the  bronchia,  which  separate  to  go 
to  each  lung,  (q  v.)  The  trachea,  the  func- 
tion of  which  is  to  convey  air  to  the  lungs 
during  respiration,  is  composed,  1.  Of  cartilagi- 
nous rings,  incomplete  behind,  situate  one 
above  the  other,  and  kept  in  situ  by  a  fibrous 
membrane.  2.  Of  a  mucous  membrane,  which 
lines  it  internally,  and  contains  numerous  mu- 
cous follicles.  3.  Of  transverse  muscular  fibres, 
not  well  marked,  which  occupy  its  posterior 
surface.  4.  Of  vessels,  which  proceed  from  the 
superior  and  inferior  thyroideal;  and,  5.  Of 
nerves,  that  are  given  off  by  the  pneumogastric 
and  the  cervical  ganglia. 

Trachea  Arteria,  Trachea. 

TRA'CHEA  L,  Trachea! lis.  An  epithet  ap- 
plied to  the  respiration  as  heard  through  the 
stethoscope  opposite  the  trachea,  larynx,  and 
root  of  the  bronchia;  the  air  appearing  as  if 
sucked  in  from  the  cylinder  during  inspiration, 
and  expelled  during  expiration. 

TRACHEE  ARTERE,  Trachea. 

TRACHEITIS,  Cynanche  trachealis. 

TRACHELAGRA,  Torticollis. 

TRACHELIAN,  Cervical. 

TRACHELITIS,  Cynanche  trachealis. 

TRACHEL1UM  AMERIOANUM,  Lobelia 
cardinalis. 

TRACHELO-ATLO'lDO- OCCIPITAL,  Ob- 
liquus  superior  capitis— f.  Atloido  basilaire,  Rec- 
tus capitis  lateralis — I.  Basilaire,  Rectus  capitis 
internus  major — t.  Basilaire,  petit,  Rectus  ca- 
pitis internus  minor. 

TRAOHE'LO-DIAPHRAGMAT'IC,  Tra- 
chelo-diaphragmaticus.  The  4th  pair  of  cervi- 
cal nerves,  whence  the  phrenic  nerve  chiefly 
arises. — C ha  ussier. 

TRACHE  L  O-MASTOIDIEN,  Complexus 
minor — t.  Occipital,Comp]exus — t.Phymu,  Bron- 
chocele — t   Scapulaire,  Levator  scapula?. 

TRACHELOS,  Collum. 

TRACHEOPHONY,  Laryngophony. 


TRACHEORRHAG"IA,  from  7QaXu±,  'the 
trachea,'  and  o^yw/n, '  to  break  forth.'  Hemor- 
rhage from  I  lie  trachea. 

TRACHIT1S,  Cynanche  trachealis. 

TRACHO'MA,  Aspre'do,  from  TQa/vg, 
'rough.'  (F.)  Asperite  des  Paupikres  A  rough- 
ness of  the  inner  surface  of  the  eyelids.  A  va- 
riety of  ophthalmia,  of  which  three  kinds  have  - 
been  designated: — T.  Sabulo'sum,  from  sand, 
&c.  getting  between  the  eyelids;  T.  caruncu/o'- 
sum,  from  fleshy  excrescences;  and  T.herpetf- 
icum,  from  hard  pustules  on  the  inner  surface 
of  the  eyelids.  This  last  is  also  called  Ficosis, 
and  Pal' pebra  jicosa. 

TRACTORATION,  Perkinism,  see  Tractors, 
metallic. 

TRACTORS,  METAL'LIC.  Metallic  agents, 
introduced  by  Dr  Elisha  Perkins,  of  Connecti- 
cut, about  the  end  of  the  last  century,  to  cure 
diseases.  The  parts  were  rubbed  with  these 
tractors,  and  hundreds  of  thousands  of  cases 
were  reported  to  have  been  cured  by  the  trac- 
tora'tion.  The  affections,  in  which  they  were 
chiefly  used,  were  local  inflammations,  and 
pains  in  different  parts.  The  good  effects  were, 
doubtless,  owing  to  the  influence  exerted  by 
the  mind  over  the  body.  The  bubble  did  not 
exist  long.     See  Perkinism. 

TRACTUS  RESP1RATORIUS,  Respiratory 
tract. 

TRA  GACAN'THA,  Gumw.i  Trugacan'lha,  G. 
Astrag'ali  Tragacanthse,  Gum  Tragucanth,  Gum 
Dragon;  the  concrete  juice  of  the  Astragalus 
Tragacantha  or  Astragalus  verus,  a  native  of 
Persia.  Family,  Leguminosae.  Sea;.  Sijst.  Dia- 
delphia  Decandria.  (F.)  Gomme  Adragant. 
This  gum  is  inodorous;  nearly  insipid;  of  a 
whitish  colour;  semi-transparent,  and  striated. 
It  is  in  thin,  vermiform  pieces;  and  does  not 
form  a  smooth,  uniform  mucilage  with  water. 
It  is  demulcent,  but  is  rarely  used  alone. 

TRAGEA  AROMATICA,Pulvis  cinnamomi 
compositus. 

TRAG'ICUS,  Tragien,  (Ch.)  from  Tragus 
(q.  v.)  A  small,  flat,  triangular  muscle,  which 
almost  wholly  covers  the  outer  surface  of  the 
tragus,  arising  from  its  base,  and  terminating 
at  the  top  of  the  eminence. 

TRAGIEJY,  Tragic  us. 

TRAGOPO'GON,  from  TQ*.yog,'a.  goat,' and 
niaywv,  'beard.'  A  genus  of  plants;  Family, 
Cichoraceas.  Sex.  Stjst.  Syngenesia  Polvgamia 
^Equalis.  (F.)  Barbt  de  Bouc;  of  which  the 
roots  of  the  Tragopogon  porrifo'lium,  Salsiji — 
Oyster  root,  and  the  young  shoots  of  the  T. 
pratv.n'se,  Meadow  Salsiji,  or  Common  Goat's 
Beard,  (VA  Salsifis  des  pres,  are  eaten  as  a  food. 
The  root  of  the  latter  has  been  used  as  a  diu- 
retic. 

TRAGOSEL1NUM,  Pimpinella  saxifraga— 
t.  Majus,  Pimpinella  magna. 

TRAGUS,  Toxyog;  'a  goat;'  from  its  being 
furnished,  in  some  persons,  with  hair.,  like  the 
beard  of  a  goat;  Antilo' biuni;  Hircus.  A  small, 
flattened,  triangular  nipple,  situate  before  the 
meatus  auditorius  externus,  which  it  appears  to 
conceal.  It  is  covered  with  hair  in  old  people, 
whence  its  name. 

Tragus  Matthioli,  Salsola  kali. 

TRALYASSE,  Polygonum  aviculare. 

TRAM  IS,  Perinajum. 

TRANCE,  Catalepsy,  Ecstasis. 


TRANCHES 


755 


TRANSVERSUS  PERIN-4E1 


TRANCUEES,  Tormina-*.  Uterines,  Pains, 
after  ' 

TRANSFORMATIONS  DE  T1SSU,  (F.) 
The  French  pathologists  designate  thus  the 
change  that  occurs  in  an  organ,  the  tissue  of 
which  becomes  similar  to  that  of  another  organ. 
The  chief  transformations  are  cartilaginous"  os- 
seous, and  ad i pons.     See  Tissue 

TRANSFU'SION,  Transfusio,  Transfvsio 
San' giants,  Cur  a  Medea' na,  Mc.thxnaichijm'ia, 
Trunsptatitu'tio  Medtca  nova,  Chirur1  gia  trans- 
fuso'nu,  Exotichsemato'sis,  from  transfundere, 
(trans,  and  fundern,  'to  pour,')  'to  pour  from 
one  vessel  into  another.'  The  act  of  passing 
the  blood  of  one  animal  into  the  veins  of  an- 
other; an  operation,  which  was  formerly  used 
to  fulfil  various  therapeutical  intentions.  It 
has  been  revived  in  cases  of  uterine  hemor- 
rhage; and,  apparently,  with  some  success. 

The  operation  can  only  be  performed  safely 
on  animals  having  like  kinds  of  blood.  See 
Globule. 

TRANSLATION,  Metastasis. 

TRANSPLANT A'T  10,  Metaphytei'a.  A 
pretended  method  of  curing  diseases,  devised 
by  Paracelsus — by  making  them  pass  from  one 
individual  to  another,  either  animal  or  vege- 
table. 

Transplantatio,  Morioplastice — t.  Medica 
nova,  Transfusion. 

TRANSPIRAT10,  Perspiration. 

TRANSPORT,  Delirium. 

TRANSPOSITIO,  Metathesis. 

TRANSPOSITION,  Transpositio^ram trans, 
'over,' and  ponere, '  to  put;'  Metath' esis.  Change 
of  situation. 

Transposition  of  the  Viscera,  Polype'ria 
promis'cua  translati'va,  is  a  congenital  vice  of 
conformation,  which  consists  in  the  viscera 
being  found  out  of  the  situations  they  ordinarily 
occupy:  the  heart,  for  example,  being  on  the 
right  side;  the  liver  on  the  left,  &c. 

TRANSUDATIO,  Diapedesis. 

TRANSUDATION,  Transuda'tio.from  trans, 
'through,'  and  sudare,  sudatum,  'to  sweat.' 
The  passage  of  a  fluid  through  the  tissue  of  any 
organ,  which  may  collect  in  small  drops  on  the 
opposite  suiface,  or  evaporate  from  it. 

Transudation,  Exosmose. 

TRANSVERSAIRE  &PINEUX,  Transver- 
sals dorsi—  t.  Rpineux  du  cou,  Semispinalis  colli 
— /.  GVe/e,seeSacro-lumbalis — t.  Jtpineux  du  dos, 
Semispinals  dorsi. 

TRANSVERSAL  DE  LA  COJVQf/£,  Trans- 
versalis auris — t   du  Nez,  Compressor  nasi. 

TRANSVERSA'LIS  ABDOMINIS,  Lombo- 
abdominal,  (Ch.)  (F.)  Transverse  de  I  Abdomen. 
This  muscle  is  seated,  deeply,  on  the  lateral 
parts  of  the  abdomen.  It  is  flat,  thin,  and 
broader  before  than  behind.  It  is  attached, 
above,  to  the  cartilage  of  the  last  true  rib,  and 
to  those  of  every  false  rib;  and.  below,  to  the 
inner  lip  of  the  crista  of  the  ilium;  to  the  two 
outer  thirds  of  the  crural  arch,  and  to  the  upper 
part  of  the  pubis.  Its  fibres,  moreover,  are  in- 
serted, behind,  by  means  of  broad  aponeuroses, 
into  the  top  of  the  transverse  and  spinous  pro- 
cesses of  the  first  four  lumbar  vertebra;  and, 
before  into  the  linea  alba,  and  the  ensiform 
cartilage  This  muscle,  all  of  whose  fibres  have 
a  transverse  direction,  constricts  the  belly,  and 
diminishes  the  base  of  the  chest,  by  drawing  in- 
wards the  ribs  to  which  it  is  attached. 


Transversalis  Anticus  Primus,  Rectus  ca- 
pitis lateralis— t.  Collateralis  colli,  see  Sacro- 
lumbal. 

Transversa'lis  Colli,  Transversalis  Major 
colli,  Portion  of  the  Sacrospinal,  (Ch.)  (F.) 
Transversaire.  A  muscle,  sealed  at  the  pos- 
terior and  lateral  part  of  the  neck  and  upper 
part  of  the  back.  It  is  attached  to  the  trans- 
verse processes  of  the  5  or  ti  lowest  vertebras  of 
the  neck ;  and  to  those  of  the  4  or  5  first  dorsal. 
It  extends  the  vertebras  of  the  neck,  and  in- 
clines them  to  its  side. 

Transversalis  Colli,  Semi-spinalis  colli. 

Transversalis  Dorsi,  Trunsverso-spinalis, 
Multif'idus  Spinx,  Lumbu  cervical  portion  of  ike 
Spinal,  (Ch.)  (Transversa- spina  lis  Lumbo'rum, 
Transverso-spinalis  Dorsi,  Tiansr.trso-spinalis, 
Colli,)  Mus'culvs  sacer,  Spinales  tt  linnscersules 
lumborum,  Semi-spinalis  internus,  sive  Trans- 
verso-spinalis colli  purs  interna,  (VVinslow,) 
Lombo-dorsi-spinul,  &c,  (F.)  Transversaire 
cpineux.  This  muscle,  usually  called  by  Eng- 
lish anatomists,  Multijidus  spinas,  and  including 
all  the  trunsverso-spinales,  is  situate  in  the 
vertebral  gutters,  extending  from  the  posterior 
part  of  the  sacrum  to  the  second  cervical  ver- 
tebra. It  is  thicker  in  the  neck  and  loins  than 
in  the  back  and  behind  the  sacrum.  Its  use  is 
— to  straighten  the  vertebral  column,  and  to 
impress  upon  it  a  slight  rotary  motion. 

Transversalis  Nasi,  Compressor  naris. 

TRANSVERSE,  Transver'sus,  Transversa'- 
lis, from  trans,  ' over,'  and  vertere,  'to  turn.' 
That  which  runs  across:  also, that  which  relates 
to  the  transverse  processes  of  the  vertebrae. 

Transverse  Artery  of  the  Face,  arises 
from  the  temporal;  passes  transversely  across 
the  face,  in  front  of  the  condyle  of  the  lower 
jaw,  and  gives  its  branches  to  the  different 
muscles  of  the  cheek. 

Transverse  Perineal  Artery,  Urethro-bul- 
bar  (Ch.,)  is  given  off  from  the  upper  branch 
of  the  internal  pudic;  and  passes  inwards  and 
forwards  above  the  transversus  perinasi  mus- 
cle, as  far  as  the  bulb  of  the  urethra,  into  which 
it  dips;  —  subdividing  into  numerous  branches. 

Transverse  Processes  of  the  Ver'tebr^e, 
(F.)  Apophyses  transverses  des  vertebres.are  the 
bony  eminences  that  jut  out  transversely  from 
the  sides  of  the  vertebra?. 

Transverse  Suture,  Sulu'ra  transversalis, 
runs  across  the  face,  and  sinks  into  the  orbit; 
joining  the  bones  of  the  skull  to  those  of  the 
face,  but  with  so  many  irregularities  and  inter- 
ruptions, that  it  can  scarcely  be  recognised  as  a 
suture. 

TRANSVERSE  DE  L  ABDOMEN,  Trans- 
versalis abdominis—?,  de  I'Oricute,  Transversus 
auris — t.  du  Perinie,  Transversus  perinsi. 

TRANSVERSOSPINAL, Semi-spmaliscolli, 
Semi-spinalis  dorsi— t.  Spinalis,  Transversalis 
dorsi — t.  Spinalis  colli,  Semi-spinalis  colli— t. 
Spinalis  dorsi,  Semi-spinalis  dor>i. 

TRANSVERSUS  AURIS  MUSCLE,  Trans- 
verse  de  L'Oricule  (Ch.,)  (F.)  Transversal  de  la 
Conqve,  is  often  wanting.  It  is  formed  of  some 
transverse  fibres,  situate  transversely,  behind 
the  projection  of  the  helix  which  divides  the 
concha  into  two  portions. 

Transversus  Perin/ei,  Leva'lor  Ani  parvvs, 
lschio-perineal  (Ch.,)  (F.)  lYunsverse  du  Peri- 
nee,  is  placed  at  the  posterior  part  of  the  peri- 
neum.   It  is  thin,  triangular,  and  situate  trans- 


TRANSVERSUS  PERIN.EI  ALTER      756 


TREPHINE 


tersely.  Its  external  extremity  is  attached  to 
the  ramus  and  tuberosity  of  the  ischium:  its 
inner  extremity  is  confounded  with  its  fellow 
of  the  opposite  side^,  and  with  the  anterior  part 
of  the  sphincter  ani  and  posterior  part  of  the 
bulbo-cavernosus.  The  use  of  this  muscle  is, — 
to  compress  the  urethra,  and  to  support  the  rec- 
tum and  bladder.  To  a  fasciculus  of  this  mus- 
cle, Santorini  has  given  the  name  Ure'thrx 
Eleva'tor  seu  Ejacvla'tor. 

Transversus  Perin^'i  Alter,  Prostat'icus 
inferior.  A  small  muscle  which  occasionally 
accompanies  the  last. 

TRAPA  NATANS,  (F.)  Macre.flottante,  JYoix 
d'Euu,  Cliutaigne  d'Eau.  Sex.  Syst.  Tetrandria 
Monojrynia.  The  plant  which  affords  the  JVuces 
Aquut'iccB,  Trib'uli  aquatici,  Caltrops.  The  nut 
is  considered  nutrient  and  demulcent,  and  is 
said  to  be  useful  in  diarrhoea  from  abrasion  of 
the  bowels,  and  in  calculus.  A  poultice  is 
sometimes  made  of  it  to  discuss  hard  and  indo- 
lent tumours. 

TRAPEZE,  Trapezium,  Trapezius. 

TRAPE'ZIUM,  OS,  tqcltuuov.  So  called 
from  its  shape.  Os  multan'  gulum  majus,  (F.) 
Os  trapeze.  The  first  bone  of  the  second  row 
of  the  carpus.  It  is  articulated,  above,  with  the 
scaphoides;  below,  with  the  first  bone  of  the 
metacarpus;  within,  with  the  trapezoides,  and 
second  metacarpal  bone.  Anteriorly,  posteri- 
orly, and  externally,  it  gives  attachment  to  liga- 
ments. 

TRAPE'ZIUS,  Cuculla'ris,  Dorso-sus-acro- 
mien  (Ch.,)  (F.)  Trapeze,  Capuchon.  A  mus- 
cle, seated  at  the  posterior  part  of  the  neck  and 
shoulder,  and  at  the  upper  part  of  the  back.  It 
has  the  shape  of  a  trapezium;  is  attached,  on 
the  one  hand,  to  the  inner  third  or  the  upper 
curved  line  of  the  occipital  bone;  to  the  pos- 
terior cervical  ligament;  to  the  spinous  pro- 
cess of  the  7th  cervical  vertebra;  and  to  those 
of  all  the  dorsal  vertebra?;  and,  on  the  other 
hand,  to  the  spine  of  the  scapula;  the  acromion 
and  the  outer  third  of  the  posterior  margin  of 
the  clavicle.  Its  upper  fibres  are  situate  ob- 
liquely downwards  and  outwards;  the  trans- 
verse and  inferior,  obliquely  outwards  and  in- 
wards. This  muscle  elevates  the  shoulder; 
carries  it  backwards,  or  depresses  it,  according 
as  its  upper,  middle,  or  lower  fibres  contract 
separately.  It  straightens  the  head,  also,  and 
inclines  it  to  one  side. 

TRAP'EZOID  LIGAMENT.  The  anterior 
part  of  the  coraco-clavicular  ligament,  (q.  v.) 
It  is  a  very  strong,  fibrous  fasciculus,  which 
has  the  shape  of  a  trapezium,  and  is  situate  ob- 
liquely, between  the  acromion  process  and  cla- 
vicle. 

TRAPEZOIDES,  OS,  Os  multan' gulum 
minus,  Os  pyramidal  le,  carpi,  from  tqcc.icliov, 
'a  trapezium,'  and  tiSsc,  'shape  or  resem- 
blance.' The  second  bone  of  the  second  row  of 
the  carpus,  so  called  from  its  shape.  It  is  smaller 
than  the  trapezium,  on  the  inside  of  which  it 
is  situate.  Jt  is  articulated,  above,  with  the  os 
naviculare;  below,  with  the  second  metacarpal 
bone;  on  the  outside,  with  the  trapezium  ;  and 
internally  with  the  magnum.  Anteriorly  and 
posteriorly,  it  affords  attachment  to  ligaments. 

TRAUBENCUR,  Grape  cure. 

TRAULISMUS,  see  Balbuties  and  Blrcsitas. 

TRAULOTES,  see  Blaesitas. 

TRAUMA,  Wound. 


TRAUMATIC,  Traumal'icus,  Vulntra'rius; 
from  TQavfta,  'a  wound.'  Anything  relating 
to  a  wound. 

TRAUMATICUS,  Abstergent. 

TRAVAIL  D'ENFAJVT,  Parturition. 

TRAVELLER'S  JOY,  Clematis  vitalba. 

TREACLE,  Melasses,  Theriaca— t.  English, 
Teucrium  charnsedrys — t.  Venice,  Theriaca. 

TREAD,  Cicatricula— t.  of  the  Cock,  Mole- 
cule. 

TREE,  ELK,  Andromeda  arborea— t.  of  Life, 
Thuya  occidentalis — t.  Sour,  Andromeda  ar- 
borea. 

TREFLE  D'EAU,  Menyanthes  trifoiiata. 

TREFOIL,  Hepatica  triloba— t.  Bean,  stink- 
ing, Anagyris — t.  Marsh,  Menyanthes  verna — 
t.  Sour,  Oxalis  acetosella — t.  Water,  Menyanthes 
trifoiiata. 

TREMA,  Foramen. 

TREMBLEMEJVT,TTemor—t.Mctallique, 
see  Tremor. 

TREMBLES,  Milk-sickness. 

TREMBLING,  Tremor. 

TREMOR,  Trepida'lio,  Syn' clonus  Tremor, 
Tromus,  Trembling,  (F.)  Tr emblement  ,■  from 
tremere,  '  to  tremble.'  Involuntary  agitation  of 
the  body,  or  of  some  part  of  it,  without  any  ob- 
stacle to  voluntary  motion.  It  depends,  gene- 
rally, upon  debility  of  the  muscular,  or  of  the 
nervous  system;  and,  hence,  is  observed  in  con- 
valescence, and  in  typhoid  affections.  It  oc- 
curs, also,  in  old  people;  in  hard  drinkers; 
workers  in  mercury,  lead,  &c:  in  the  last  case, 
it  is  called  by  the  French,  Tremblement  mtlal- 
lique.  Tremor  seems  to  resemble  paralysis  more 
than  convulsion. 

Tremor  Cordis,  Palpitation. 

TREPAN,  Trcp'anum,  Terebel'la,  Trip' anon, 
Cham'icis,  Chcenicion,  Ter'ebra,  Ter'etron,  Try- 
panon,  from  t^u^oui,  'I  perforate.'  A  surgical 
instrument  resembling  a  wimble,and  worked  in 
the  same  manner.  It  is  used  for  removing  por- 
tions of  bone,  and  particularly  of  the  bones  of 
ihe  skull.  The  term,  trepan,  is  given  more  par- 
ticularly to  the  part  of  the  instrument  that  makes 
the  perforation.  The  handle  is  so  constructed 
as  to  receive  different  bits,  as  the  Crown,  (q.  v.) 
the  Trepan  perforatif  or  Pcrite'rion,  the  T.  ex- 
foliatif  or  Desquumato'  rium  trcp'anum,  and  the 
T.  abaplis'ta. 

In  Great  Britain  and  the  United  States,  this 
instrument  has  been  superseded  by  the  trephine, 
which  is  more  manageable. 

TREPANATIO,  Trepanning. 

TREPANATION,  Trepanning 

TREPAN'NING,  Terebra'tio,  Anatre'sis,  Ce- 
phalotrype'sis,  Trepana'tio,  Trype'sis,  Tresis, 
(F.)  Trepanation.  Same  etymon.  The  metho- 
dical application  of  the  trepan.  ^ 

TREPANON.  Trepan. 

TREPANUM,  Trepan. 

TREPHINE.  The  instrument  which  has 
replaced  the  trepan  in  some  countries.  It  con- 
sists of  a  simple,  cylindrical  saw;  with  a  han- 
dle placed  transversely  like  that  of  a  gimlet,  and 
from  the  centre  of  the  circle,  described  by  the 
teeth  of  the  saw,  a  sharp  little  perforator  pro- 
jects called  the  Centrepin.  The  centrepin  is 
capable  of  being  removed,  at  the  surgeon's  op- 
tion, by  means  of  a  key  for  the  purpose.  It  is 
used  to  fix  the  instrument  until  the  teetli  of  the 
saw  have  made  a  circular  groove,  sufficiently 
deep  for  it  to  work  steadily.     The  pin  must 


TREPHOUSA 


757 


TRICHOCEPHALUS 


then  be  removed.  Sometimes  the  pin  ig  made 
to  slide  up  and  down,  and  to  be  fixed  in  any 
position,  by  means  of  a  screw. 

TREPHOUSA,  Nurse. 

TREPIDATIO,  Tremor-t.  Cordis,  Cardio- 
tromus. 

TREPON'DO.  A  weight  of  three  pounds.— 
Scribonius. 

TRE'SIS,  TQyaig,  from  tqcw,  'I  bore.'  Pro- 
perly a  perforation.  A  wound.  A  forcible 
solution  of  continuity  in  a  soft  part,  com- 
mencing externally.  A  genus  in  the  nosology 
of  Good. 

Tresis,  Trepanning,Wound— t.  Causis,  Burn 
— t.  Punctura,  Puncture — t.  Vulnus,  Wound — 
t.  Vulnus  laceratum,  see  Laceration — t.  Vulnus 
simplex,  Cut. 

TRESSAILLEMEKT,  Shuddering. 

TRESSO'RIA,  Episi'on,  tTiireiov.  A  term 
formerly  applied  to  the  hair  covering  the  mons 
veneris,  the  absence  of  which  has,  by  the  vul- 
gar, been  esteemed  a  matter  of  reproach. 

TRI,  rot.  in  composition, 'three.'     Hence: 

TRIANGLE  M&DULLAIRE,  Fornix. 

TRIAN'GULAR,  Trigo'nos,  Triangularis, 
from  tris,  for  tres,  'three,'  and  angulus,  'an 
angle.'     That  which  has  three  angles. 

Triangular  Ligament  or  Infra-pubian  is  a 
ligamentous  fascia  with  short  fibres,  situate 
transversely  beneath  the  symphysis  pubis, 
which  it  strengthens. 

TRIANGU LARIS,  Depressor  anguli  oris— t. 
Coccygis,  Coccygeus  —  t.  Nasi,  Compressor 
naris. 

Triangularis  Sterni,  Slerno-costal  (Ch.,) 
Pectora'lis  inter'nus.  A  muscle  situate  at  the 
anterior  and  inner  part  of  the  chest,  behind  the 
cartilages  of  the  ribs.  It  has  the  shape  of  a 
lengthened  triangle,  the  base  of  which  is  di- 
rected downwards.  It  is  attached  to  the  pos- 
terior, lateral,  and  inferior  part  of  the  sternum, 
whence  its  fibres  pass  upwards  and  outwards, 
and  terminate  by  as  many  distinct  digitations 
at  the  cartilages  of  the  3d,  4th,  5th,  and  Gth  true 
ribs.  This  muscle  depresses  the  ribs  and  con- 
tributes to  expiration. 

TRIBADE  (F.)  t$ «(?«?,  from  TQtpw,  'I  rub.' 
Frictrix,  Fricatrix,  Futu'tor,  Mas'cula,  Subagita'- 
trix.  A  female  whose  clitoris  is  so  large  as  to 
cause  her  to  be  regarded  as  an  hermaphrodite. 

TRIBULI  AQUATICI,  see  Trapa  natans. 

TRIBUTUM  LUNARE,  Menses. 

TRICAGO,  Teucrium  chamaedrys. 

TRICAUDALIS,  Retrahens  auris. 

TRICEPS,  from  tris  for  tres,  '  three,'  and  ca- 
put, 'head.'  A  name  given  to  muscles  that 
have  three  fleshy  bundles  at  one  of  their  extre- 
mities. 

Triceps  Adduc'tor  Fem'oris.  Under  this 
appellation  are  comprehended  three  distinct 
muscles:— Adductor  brevis,  A.  longus,  *and  A. 
maqnus  (q.  v.) 

Triceps  Auris,  Retrahens  auris— t.  Brachia- 
lis,  Triceps  extensor  cubiti. 

Triceps  Cruris,  Femora' hsTnfemoro-ro- 
tulien  (Ch.,;  Crural,  Trifemoro-tibi-rotuhen(f\) 
Triceps  crural,  T.  de  la  cu.sse  u .situate *t  the 
anterfor,  inner,  and  outer  par   of  the ,    high      It 


the  vastus  externus)  and  3.  An  inner  fasciculus 
(the  vastus  internus.)    It  is  attached,  above,  to 


the  anterior,  inner,  and  outer  surfaces  of  the 
femur,  and  to  the  two  edges  of  the  linea  aspera, 
from  the  base  of  the  trochanter  to  within  four 
fingers'  breadth  of  the  knee.  Below,  it  termi- 
nates by  a  large  tendon,  which  is  attached  to 
the  base  and  edges  of  the  patella,  as  well  as 
to  the  inner  and  outer  tuberosities  of  the  tibia. 
The  triceps  extends  the  leg  on  the  thigh,  and 
conversely. 

TRICEPS  DE  LA  CUISSE,  Triceps  cruris 
— t.  Crural,  Triceps  cruris. 

Triceps  Extensor  Cubiti,  Triceps  Brachia'- 
lis,  Scapulo  humero-olecranicn  (Ch.,)  (F.)  Tri- 
ceps brachial.  This  muscle,  which  occupies  al! 
the  posterior  part  of  the  os  humeri,  is  described 
as  two  muscles  by  Douglas,  and  as  three  by 
Winslow.  It  arises  by  three  heads.  The  first 
or  long  head, — long  head  of  the  biceps  externus 
of  Douglas,  Anconeus  major  of  Winslow — arises 
from  the  anterior  extremity  of  the  inferior  costa 
of  the  scapula,  near  its  neck,  and  below  the 
origin  of  the  teres  minor.  The  second  head,  or 
short  head  of  the  biceps  externus  of  Douglas,  An- 
coneus externus  of  Winslow,  arises  from  the 
upper  and  outer  part  of  the  os  humeri,  at  the 
base  of  the  great  tuberosity — and  the  third  head 
— Brachialis  externus  of  Douglas,  Anconeus  in- 
ternus of  Winslow,  the  shortest  of  the  three, 
arises  from  the  back  part  of  the  os  humeri,  be- 
hind the  flat  tendon  of  the  latissimus  dorsi. 
These  three  portions  unite  about  the  middle  of 
the  arm,  so  as  to  form  one  thick  and  powerful 
muscle,  which  is  inserted  at  the  upper  part  of 
the  olecranon.  It  extends  the  forearm  on  the 
arm,  and  conversely. 

Triceps  Magnus,  Adductor  magnus — t.  Mi- 
nor, Adductor  longus  femoris — t.  Secundus, 
Adductor  brevis. 

TRICHJ3  INCUBORUM,  Plica. 

TRICHIA,  Entropion. 

TRICHIASIS,  Trickio'sis,  Tricho'sis,  from 
&Qi%,Tfi/og, 'hair,'  Morbus  pila'ris.  This  name 
has  been  given  to  several  affections.  I.  To  a 
disease  of  the  kidneys  or  bladder,  in  which 
filamentous  substances,  resembling  hairs,  are 
passed  in  the  urine.  This  is  also  called  Pi.lt- 
mic'tio.  It  must  be  regarded  as  a  variety  of 
Calar'rhus  vesi'cas,  (q.  v.)  2.  To  a  painful  swell- 
ing of  the  breasts,  in  child-bed  women,  when 
the  milk  is  excreted  with  difficulty: — a  disease 
attributed,  by  Aristotle,  to  a  hair  swallowed  by 
accident  and  carried  to  the  breasts  through  the 
circulation;  and  3dly,  To  inversion  of  the  eye- 
lashes.    See  Entropion. 

TRICHl'NA  SPIRA'LIS.  Same  etymon.  A 
small  species  of  entozoa  discovered  in  the  mus- 
cles of  voluntary  motion.  Trichinae  consist  of 
very  minute  cysts,  of  an  oblong  figure,  having 
considerable  resemblance  in  size  and  colour  to 
young  pediculi,  and  are  somewhat  allied  to  the 
eels  found  in  paste  and  vinegar.  No  symp- 
toms have  as  yet  been  observed  to  be  pathogno- 
monic of  their  presence. 

TR1CHIOSIS,  Trichiasis. 

TRICHIS'MUS.  Same  etymon.  Capilln'tio, 
Fissu'r a  pila'ris.  A  capillary  fracture,  fissure, 
or  crack. 

TRICHIURIA,  Trichocephalus. 

TRICHOCEPH'ALUS,  Trichoceph'ahis  dis- 
par ;  from  &qi%,  rpi/o?,  'a  hair,'  and  xapai.yj, 
'head.'  Trichu'ris,  Trichuris vulgaris.  Trichuris 
intestina'lis,  As'caris  trichu'ria,  Trichiu'ria,  Tri- 
chocephalus hom'inis,  Mastigo'des  hominis,  long 


TRICHOLABIUM 


758 


TRIPE  DE  ROCHE 


thread  worm.  A  worm,  from  an  inch  and  a 
hall"  to  two  inches  long;  the  head  acute;  the 
body  spirally  involuted  in  the  male,  almost 
straight  in  the  female.  The  trichocephidus  dis- 
par  generally  inhabits  the  ccpcum  and  colon, 
and  is  rarely  met  with  in  the  small  intestines. 
It  gives  rise  to  no  peculiar  symptoms,  and  re- 
quires the  usual  anthelmintic  treatment. 

TRICHOLABIUM,  Madisterium. 

TKICHOLOGIA,  Carphologia. 

TRICHOMA.  Capillamentum,  Plica. 

TRICHOMA  JN  ES,  Asplenium  trichoma- 
noides. 

TRICHOMATION,  Capillamentum. 

TRICHOMONAS,  Trichomonad ,-  from  0<>.;, 
rpi/ug,  'a  hair,'  and  /wore*;,  ftoiaSog,  'unity. 
An  animalcule  found  by  M.  Donne  in  the  mu- 
cus of  the  vagina,  where  cleanliness  has  not 
been  attended  to. 

TRICHOSCHISIS,  Schizatrichia. 

TRICHO'SIS,  Pilu're  malum;  from  &ois,TQi%oq, 
'hair.'  Morbid  organization  or  deficiency  of 
hair.     A  genus  in  the  system  of  Good. 

Trichosis,  Entropion,  Trichiasis — t.  Area, 
Porrigo  decalvans — t.  Alhrix,  Alopecia — t.  Dis- 
trix,  Distrix — t.  Hirsuties,  Hirsuties — t  Plica, 
Plica — t.  Poliosis,  Poliosis — t.  Setosa,  Hystri- 

G19.S1S. 

TRICHOTON,  Scalp. 

TRICHURIS.  Trichocephalus. 

TRICLISPERMA  GRANDIFLORA,  Poly- 
gala  pane  i  folia. 

TRICUS'PID,  Triciis'pis;  from  tris,  for  tres, 
'three,'  and  cuspis,  'a  point.'  That  which  has 
three  points. 

Tricuspid  Valves,  Valcu'lse  Tricuspides  seu 
tri g  luckiness  seu  tnsu/cae,  are  three  triangular, 
valvular  duplicatures,  formed  by  the  inner 
membrane  of  the  right  cavities  of  the  heart, 
around  the  orifice  by  which  the  auricle  commu- 
nicates with  the  ventricle.  The  elongated  and 
pointed  top  of  each  of  these  valves  is  continuous 
with  the  chords  tendinea>,  which  set  out  from 
the  columns?  carneseof  the  heart.  These  valves 
are  depressed  to  allow  the  blood  to  flow  from 
the  auricle  into  the  ventricle;  and  are  raised  to 
prevent  its  reflux  into  the  auricle. 

TRI  ENS,  Un'cixqua'tuor.  The  third  part  of 
a  pound.     Four  ounces,  Troy. —  Galen. 

TRIFACIAL,  Trigemini. 

TtilF  EMU  RO-ROTU  LIEN,  Triceps  cruris. 

TR  IF  AM  0  R  0-  TIB  I-RO  TULIEJY,  Triceps 
cruris. 

TRIFOLIUM  ACETOSUM,  Oxalis  aceto- 
sella — t.  Aqualicum,  Menyanthes  trifoliata — t. 
Aureum.  Hepatica  triloba — t.  Cervinum,  Eupa- 
torium  cannabinum — t.  Fihrinum,  Menyanthes 
trifoliata — t.  Ilepaticum,  Anemone  hepatica. 

Tkifo'lium  Mki.ilo'tus  Officinalis,  Meli- 
lotus,  Lotus  sidves'tris,  Ser'lula  Compa'na,  Tri- 
fo'liui/t  ciibulW num,  Cord 'tin  resin,  Tr (folium 
vdora'tum,  Common  met Hot ,(F '.) Melilot.  Family, 
Leguminosa:.  Sex.  Syst.  Diadelphia  Decan- 
diin.  The  infusion  or  distilled  water  of  this 
plant  has  been  employed  in  cases  of  ophthal- 
mia. It  has  also  been  used  in  fomentations, 
glysters,  &c. 

Tuifoi.ium  Pat.udosuht,  Menyanthes  trifoli- 
ata— t.  Palustre,  Menyanthes  trifoliata. 

TRIGAS'TRIC,  Trigas'tricus,  Triventer ,• 
from  TOfic,  'three,'  and  yacTitf,  'belly.'  That 
which  lias  three  bellies.  An  epithet  for  mus- 
cles so  circumstanced. 


TRIGEM'INI,  Tergem'ini,  from  tris,  'three,' 
and  gem'inus,  'double;  'threefold,'  'triplets.' 
The  fifth  pair  of  nerves,  Par  trigtm'inum,  JS'ervi 
divi'si,  JV  gustatv'rii,  Nervtis  quintits.  Far  quin* 
turn  nervorum  cerelira'lium,  JV.  tremetlus,  N.  mix- 
tus,  JV.  sympathet'icus  me' dins,  JV  sympath'icus 
■medius,  N.  anon'ymus.  JV.  innomina'tus,  Par 
triuni  funiculo'rum,  Trifu'ciul,  Naf  gustatif 
innominc,  Nerf  a  trois  cordes,  (F.)  Ncrf  triju- 
meau.  This  nerve  arises  below  the  tuber  annu- 
lare by  one  large  posterior  root  from  the  cor- 
pora restiformia,  and  by  two  small  anterior 
roots  from  the  corpora  olivaria,  whence,  pro- 
ceeding forwards  to  the  side  of  the  sellaTurcica, 
the  filaments  composing  the  large  root  form  a 
ganglion — the  Gasserian.  Emerging  from  this 
ganglion,  the  filaments,  of  which  the  lartre 
root  consists,  form,  with  those  constituting  the 
small  roots,  and  which  had  not  passed  throuo-h 
the  ganglion,  two  flattened  trunks,  each  of 
which  is  soon  divided  into  three  branches,  in 
such  a  manner,  however,  that  the  first,  or  oph- 
thalmic branch,  and  the  second  or  upper  maxil- 
lary, are  composed  exclusively  of  the  filaments 
that  arose  from  the  corpora  restiformia  and 
passed  through  the  Gasserian  ganglion;  whilst 
the  third  or  lower  maxillary  branch  is  composed 
in  part  of  those  filaments,  and  in  part  of  those 
that  arose  from  the  corpora  olivaria,  and  passed 
on  one  side  of  the  ganglion  without  going 
through  it.  The  whole,  therefore,  of  the  first 
and  second  branches,  and  a  part  of  the  third  are 
sensiferous  nerves,  whilst  the  remaining  part 
of  the  third — the  manducatory  or  masticatory — 
is  wholly  motiferous,  and  passes  to  the  ptery- 
goid and  other  muscles  concerned  in  mastica- 
tion. 

TRIGONE  CtiRtiBRAL,  Fornix— t.  Vesical, 
see  Urinary  Bladder. 

TRIGONFL'LA  FGENUM,  T.  Fm'num  Grx'~ 
cum,  Fenugreek,  Fce'nugreek,  Fcenum  Grajcum, 
Bu'ceras,  Carphos,  JE god' eras,  (F.)  Fenugrec. 
Family,  Leguminosa;.  Sex.  Syst.  Diadelphia  De- 
candria.  A  native  of  the  south  of  France.  The 
seeds  have  a  strong,  disagreeable  smell,  and  an 
unctuous,  farinaceous  taste;  accompanied  by  a 
slight  bitterness.  They  are  chiefly  used  in 
poultices. 

TRIGONOS,  Triangular. 

TRIGONUS  L1EUTAUD1,  see  Urinary 
bladder. 

TRUUMEAUX,  Tricremini. 

TRILL'IUM  LATIFO'LIUM,  Brondkaf  Beth- 
root,  Betltroot,  Rattlesnake  root,  Wakerobin, 
Coughroot,  Indian  Balm,  Ground  Lily,  Jews' 
Harp,  Indian  Shamrock,  Puriswort,  Truelove. 
Sex.  Syst.  Hexandria  Trigynia.  A  plant  peculiar 
to  North  America,  which  blossoms  in  the  spring. 
The  root  is  astringent.  • 

There  are  many  species  of  Trillium  all  of 
which  possess  the  same  properties. 

TRIOCEPHALIA,  Aprosopia. 

TRIOR'CHIS,  from  t$v?,  '  three,'  and  oo^t^, 
'a  testicle.'     One  who  has  three  testicles. 

TRIOS'  TEUM,  T  Per  folia' turn,  Bastard 
Ipecacunn'ha,  Fever  Root,  Fercrwor  ,  Tinker's 
weed,  Horse,  ginseng.  Ipecac,  Wild  Coffee,  White 
ginseng,  Gen'tian,  While  Gent  an,  Sweet  Bitter. 
In  very  large  doses,  the  bark  of  the  root  proves 
emetic.  It  is  a  good  cathartic,  in  doses  of 
twenty  or  thirty  grains.  It  sometimes  operates 
as  a  diuretic. 

TRIPE  DE  ROCHE.    Different  lichens  of 


TRIPHARMACUM 


759 


TROCHANTER 


the  species  Gyrophora,  inhabiting  the  arctic  re- 
gions of  America,  bear  this  name.  They  are 
eaten  as  fond  by  the  hunters. 

TRIPHAR'MACUM,  roc9H,^X0v.  A  me- 
dicine composed  of  three  ingredients 

TRIPSIS.  Trituration. 

TRIQUETRUM,  (OS,)  Cuneiform,  (bone.) 

TRISMUS,  from  joiia,  <  1  gnash.'  Enta'sia 
Trismus,  Cupis'trum,  Tonos  Trismus,  Locked 
Jaw,  Spasmus  maxdl'se  infer io'r is,  Ttt'unus  mux- 
ill' se  inferio'ris,  Tortu'ru  Oris,  (F.)  Mil  de  Ma- 
choire.  Spastic  closure  of  the  under  jaw;  a 
partial  tetanus.  Cullen  makes  two  varieties — 
T.  nascentium,  T.  neonalo'rum,Surrhe,  attacking 
infants  during  two  weeks  from  birth;  and  f. 
traumatieus.  originating  from  a  wound. 

Trismus  Capistratus,  Bridissure—t.  Catar- 
rhalis  maxillaris,  Neuralgia  maxillaris— t.  Clo- 
nicus.  Neuralgia  faciei — t.  Dolorificus,  Neural- 
gia faciei — t.  Maxillaris,  Neuralgia  faciei — t. 
Nascentium,  see  Trismus — t.  Neonatorum,  see 
Trismus. 

TRISPER'MUM,  from  t§e.c,  '  three,'  and 
rniQpta,  '  a  grain  or  seed.'  A  cataplasm,  con- 
sisting of  three  seeds, — cumin,  bay,  and  small- 
age.     Gorraeus. 

TRISPLANCHNIA,  Cholera. 

TRISPLANCH'NIC,  Trisplanch'nicus;  from 
long,  'three,'  and  vitXay  xvovt  '  viscus.'  That 
which  relates  to  three  orders  of  viscera. 

Trisplanchnic  Nerve,  Great  sympathetic, 
Intercom' tal.  Ganglion.' ic  nerve,  Nerve  of  org  an' ic 
life,  Ver'tebral  nerve; — named  by  Bichat  the  or- 
ganic nervous  system,  in  opposition  to  the  other 
nervous  parts,  called  the  animal  nervous  sys- 
tem. Gall  terms  it,  the  nervous  system  of  the 
automatic  functions.  It  is  called  Trisplanchnic, 
because  it  distributes  its  branches  to  the  organs 
in  the  three  greatsplanchnic  cavities — the  head, 
chest  and  abdomen.  It  is  composed  of  a  series 
of  ganglia,  united  by  intermediate  branches,  and 
passing  along  the  side  of  the  spine  to  the  lowest 
part  of  the  trunk  ;  communicating,  by  a  branch, 
with  each  of  the  thirty  pairs  of  spinal  nerves 
and  several  of  the  cerebral  nerves  ;  and  de- 
taching nerves  from  its  several  ganglia,  which 
accompany  the  arteries,  and  are  distiibuted, 
particularly,  to  the  organs  of  involuntary  func- 
tions. At  its  upper  part,  it  is  concealed  in  the 
canalis  caroticus  and  cavernous  sinus,  and  is 
joined  there  by  a  branch  of  the  (ith  pair  of 
nerves,  and  by  a  twig  from  the  Vidian  nerve  of 
the  5th  pair.  In  passing  down  by  the  side  of 
the  spine,  it  forms  three  ganglia  in  the  neck: — 
the  svpermr,  middle,  and  inferior;  \'i  in  the 
back, — \\Wihurncic ;  5  in  the  loins — the  lumbar; 
and  three  or  four  sacral.  When  it  reaches  the 
coccyx  it  unites  with  its  fellow  from  the  oppo- 
site side,  forming  a  small  ganglion — the  coccy- 
feal.  Meckel  divides  it  into  two  portions— I. 
'he  central  gang  ions  or  central  part,  composed 
of  the  numerous  ganglionic  plexuses  in  the  ab- 
domen; the  centre  of  which  is  Ihe  semilunar 
and  solar  plexuses.  2.  The  external  ganglions, 
Limitrophes  or  external  part,  winch  comprise 
Ihe  series  of  ganglions,  situate  at  the  sides  of 
the  spine,  from  the  base  of  the  cranium  to  the 
sacrum.  The  great  sympathetic  seems  to  form 
a  distmcl.  nervous  system,  destined  lor  the  or- 
gans of  involuntary  motion;  for  although  com- 
municating With  both  brain  and  spinal  marrow, 
it  does  not  seem  to  be  immediately  under  the 
influence  of  either. 


Palus- 


TRISSAGO.Teucrium  chamesdrys— t. 
tris,  Teucriiim  scordium. 

TRISTEMANIA,  Melancholy. 

TR1STERNAL.  Beclard  has  given  this 
name  to  the  third  bony  portion  of  the  sternum  ; 
—that  which  corresponds  to  the  third  intercos- 
tal space. 

TRISTIA,  Athymia. 

TRIT.EOPHYA  AMERICANA,  Fever,  yel- 
low. 

TRIT^EOPH'YES,  Tritseoph'ya,  from  TQnaio?, 
'tertian,'  and  q>vw,  'J  originate.'  A  fever, 
whose  type  approaches  the  tertian.  Sauvages 
gave  the  name  Tritseophya  Vraiislaviensis,  to 
an  epidemic,  which'  broke  out  in  the  Prussian 
army  at  Breslaw,  in  the  middle  of  the  last  cen- 
tury. 

TRIT^EUS,  Tertian  fever. 

TRIT'ICUM  /ESTI'VUM,  '  Summer  wheat.' 
TrW icum Hybem'um,  Wheat,  Pyros,Frumcnl'um, 
(F.)  Froment.  Family,  Gramineee.  Sex.  Syst. 
Triandria  Digynia.  From  these  plants  our 
wheaten  flour  is  obtained,  by  grinding  the 
seeds;  and  to  them  we  are  indebted  for  our 
bread  and  pastry.  The  nutritive  properties  of 
wheaten  flour  are  so  well  known  as  not  to  need 
comment. 

Bread,  (F.)  Pain, mixed  with  milk, constitutes 
theordinary  emollientpoultice; — and  the  crumbs 
of  bread,  Mies  panis — are  a  common  excipient 
for  pills  and  boluses.. 

Triticuiu  Faginum,  Polygonum  fagopyrum. 

Trit'icum  Repens,  G  rumen  cani'nam,  Gra 
men  Diosror'idis,  G.  ripens.  Lolia'ceum  radi'cS 
repen'te,  Dog  gruss,  Couch  giass,  Quickens,  (F.) 
Chiendent.  The  roots  are  sweet,  and  possess 
aperient  properties.  They  are  said,  also,  to  be 
diuretic. 

TRITIO,  Contritio,  Trituration. 

TRITURA,  Contritio. 

TRITURATION,  Tritura'lio,  Tritu'ra^  Tri'- 
tio,  Tripsis,  from  t.erere,  Iritum, '  to  bruise.'  The 
act  of  reducing  a  substance  to  powder. 

Trituration,  Contritio. 

TR1TUS,  Contritio. 

TRIVELIN,  see  Liver. 

TRiV ENTER  Trigastric 

TROCAR,  Trocliar,  Acus  paracen'tica,  A.  pw 
racentit'ica,  A.  triq'uelra  rulga'ris,  Furacenti'- 
cion,  Farucentite'rtoii.  Corrupted  from  the  (F.) 
Troisquarts  or  Trocnrt,  " three  quarters;"  so 
called  from  the  triangular  shape  of  the  point, 
Triq'uelrum: — an  instrument  used  for  evacu- 
ating fluids  from  cavities,  particularly  in  asci- 
tes, hydrocele,  &c.  A  trocar  consists  of  a  per- 
forator or  stilet  and  of  a  cannula,  which  is  so 
adapted  to  the  perforator,  that,  when  the  punc- 
ture is  made,  both  enter  the  wound  with  facili- 
ty ;  after  which,  the  stilet  being  withdrawn,  the 
cannula  remains  in  the  wound  and  affords  the 
fluid  a  readv  passage  outwards. 

TROCART,  Trocar. 

TROCH,  Trochiscoo. 

TROCHANTER,  Trokanter,  Rota'tor,  from 
roo/ao),  '  I  turn.'  Anatomists  have  given  the 
names — great  and  little  trochanter  to  two  pro- 
cesses at  the  upper  extremity  of  the  femur. 
The  great  trochanter  is  the  one  on  the  outside; 
the  less  is  lower  down  and  more  internally. 
Both  afford  attachment  to  rotator  muscles  of 
the  thigh,  and  hence  their  name.  Chaussier,  by 
the  word  trochanter,  means  the  larger  process; 
the  smaller  he  calls  Irocliaittin. 


I 


TROCHANTERIAN 


rco 


TROJVC 


TROCHANTE'RIAN,  Trochanter  la' nus,  Tro- 
hanle'rian.  That  which  belongs  or  relates  to  the 
great  trochanter.— Chaussier. 

TROCHANTIN'IAN,  Trokantin' ian,  Tro- 
chuntinia'nus.     That  which  belongs  or  relates 
to  the  trochantin  or  lesser  trochanter. 
TROCHAR,  Trocar. 

TROCHES  OF  CARBONATE  OF  LIME, 
Trochisci  carbonatis  calcis — t.  of  Chalk,  Tro- 
chisci  carbonatis  calcis— t.  Escharotic,  Trochisci 
escharotici — t.  Gum,  Trochisci  gummosi — t.  of 
Ipecacuanha,  Trochisci  Ipecacuanha? — t.  Li- 
quorice, Trochisci  glycyrrhizce — t.  Liquorice, 
with  opium,  Trochisci  glycyrrhizse  cum  opio — 
t.  of  Magnesia,  Trochisci  Magnesia — t.  Nitre, 
Trochisci  nitratis  potassse — t.  of  Peppermint, 
Trochisci  menthae  piperita. 

TROCHIA,  Orbit. 

TROCH ILIA,  Trochlea. 

TROCHIN,  from  Tqo^tiv,  Ho  turn.'  Chaus- 
sier has  given  this  name  to  the  smaller  of  the 
tuberosities,  at  the  upper  extremity  of  the  os 
humeri ;  because  it  gives  attachment  to  one  of 
the  rotator  muscles  of  the  arm, — the  subscapu- 
lars. 

TROCHIN'IAN,  Trochinia'nus.  That  which 
belongs  or  relates  to  the  trochin. 

TROCHIS'CUS,  Phtliois,  Artis'cus,  Collix, 
Colix,  Phthois'cos,  Rot'ula,  Cyclis'mos,  diminu- 
tive of  TQo/og,  'a  wheel.'  A  troch  or  round 
table,  (F.)  Troclusque.  See  Pastil  and  Tabella. 
A  solid  medicine,  prepared  of  powders,  incor- 
porated by  means  of  mucilage,  crumb  of  bread, 
juices  of  plants,  &c.  In  French  nomenclature, 
the  troclusque,  differs  from  the  tablelte, — the  for- 
mer containing  no  sugar.  This  form  of  pre- 
paration is  adopted  for  the  purpose  of  allowing 
the  medicines,  of  which  the  troch  is  composed, 
to  dissolve  slowly  in  the  mouth,  and  to  pass 
gradually  into  the  stomach. 

The  Parisian  Codex  has  two  formulae  for 
troches,  for  external  use. 

Trochisci  Bechici  Nigri,  Tr.  glycyrrhizse 
glabra?. 

Trochisci  Carbona'tis  Calcis,  Troches  of 
Car'bonate  of  lime,  T.  of  chalk,  Tabellns  ad  ar- 
do'rem  ventric'uli,  Lozenges  for  the  heartburn, 
Tabcl'lx  cardial' gicse,  T.  ad  sodam,  Trochis'ci  e 
crela,  T.  cretse  (Ph.  U.  S.)  (Cret.  ppl-  %\v,  aca- 
cice,  in  pulv.  gj,  myrist.  in  pulv.  gj,  sacch.  in 
pulv.  §vj.  M.  Form  into  troches  with  water.) 
Antacid  and  absorbent. 

Trochisci  e  Cheta,  Tr.  carbonatis  calcis — t. 
Cretae,  T.  carbonatis  calcis. 

Trochisci  vel  Pastil'li  Emeti'n^e  Pecto- 
ra'les,  Pectoral  Lozenges  of  Em' etine.  (Sugar, 
giv,  emetine,  32  grains.  Form  into  lozenges  of 
'J  grains  each.)     One  is  a  dose. 

Trochisci  Esc harot'ic i,  Escharot'ic  Troches. 
(Hydrarg.  oxymur.  p.  8,  amyli,  p.  1G,  mucilag. 
g.  tragac.  q.  s.  Make  into  troches  to  which  a 
few  drops  of  laudanum  may  be  added.  Ph.  P.) 
Used  in  foul  ulcers,  lo  remove  excrescences,  &c. 

Trochisci  Escharot'ici  de  Minio.  (Oxyd. 
plumbi.  rubr.  p.  1G,  hydrarg.  oxymur.  p.  32,  mic. 
panis, p.  128,  aq.rosa,q.i.  Ph.  P.)  Used  like  the 
last. 

Trochisci  Glycyrrhiz.5:  Glabrae,  Liquo- 
rice Troches,  Black  pectoral  lozenges,  Trochis'ci 
hech'ici  nigri.  (Ext.  glyc.  glabr.,  gum.  acac.  aa 
p.  j.  sacch.  purif.  p.  ij.  Dissolve  in  warm  wa- 
ter," strain;  evaporate,  and  form  into  troches. 
Ph.  E.)     Demulcent.    To  allay  cough. 


Trochisci  Gi.ycyrrhi'z«  cum  Opio,  T.  G, 
et  opii,  Trochisci  Theba'ici,  T.  sedati'  vo-balsam'  id, 
T.pectora'les  regis  Dano'rum,  Liquorice  Troches 
with  Opium.  (Opii,  in  pulv.  §ss,  glycyrrhiz. 
in  pulv.  sacchar.  in  pulv.  acacia;,  in  pulv.  aa 
t:§x,  ol.  anisi,  f.  gij.  Make  into  troches.  Ph. 
U.  S.)     Demulcent  and  anodyne. 

Trochisci  Gummo'si,  Gum  Troches.  (G.acac. 
p.  v.  amyli,  p.  i.  sacch.  pur.  p.  xij.  Make  up 
the  troches  with  rose-water.  Ph.  E.)  Demul- 
cent. 

Trochis'ci  Ifecacuan'h^e,  Troches  of  Ipeca- 
cuanha. (Ipecacuanh.  in  pulv.^ss,  sacchar.  in 
pulv.  3xiv,  maranta,  in  pulv.  §iv.  mucilag.  Tra- 
gacanth.  q.  s.  Make  into  troches.  Ph.  U.  S.) 
Trochisci  Magne'si^:,  Troches  of  Magne'sia. 
(Magnes.  §iv,  sacchar.  Ibj,  myrist.  pulv.  gj,  mu- 
cilag. tragacanth.  q.  s.  Make  into  troches.  PA. 
U.  S.)  Useful  in  acidity  of  the  stomach,  with 
constipation. 

Trochisci  Mentha  Piperita,  Troches  of 
Peppermint.  Ol.  menth.  piperit.  f.'gj,  sacchar. 
in  pulv.  Ibj,  mucilag.  tragacantha •,  q.  s.  Make 
into  troches.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Used  as  a  carminative. 
Trochisci  Nitra'tis  Potas's«,  Nitre  Troches. 
(JVitrat.  potassa,  p.  j.  sacch.  pur.  p.  iij.  Make 
into  troches  with  mucilage  of  tragacanth.  PA. 
E.)  In  slight  inflammatory  sore  throat  and  fever. 
Trochisci  Pectorales  regis  Danorum,  Tr. 
glycyrrhizse  cum  opio — t.  Sedativo-balsamica, 
Tr.  glycyrrhizse  cum  opio — t.  Stibiati,  Tabelte 
antimoniales  Kunckelii — t.  Thebaici,  Tr.  gly- 
cyrrhizae cum  opio. 

TROCHfSQUE,  Trochiscos. 
TROCH'ITER,  from  tqopiv, 'to  turn.'  The 
larger  of  the  two  tuberosities  at  the  upper  ex- 
tremity of  the  03  humeri;  so  called  because  it 
affords  insertion  to  rotator  muscles. — (Chaus- 
sier.) 

TROCHITER'IAN,  in  the  language  of 
Chaussier,  means  any  thing  belonging  or  re- 
lating to  the  trochiter. 

TROCH'LEA,  Trochil'ia,  (F.)  TrochUe  ou 
Troklee.     A  pulley;  from  tqoxxuj,  'I  turn.'     The 
articular  surface  at  the  lower  extremity  of  the 
os  humeri;  so  called  from  its  forming  a  kind  of 
pulley  on  which  the  ulna  moves,  in  flexion  and 
extension  of  the  forearm.     Also,  the  cartilagi- 
nous pulley,  over  which  the  tendon  of  the  tro- 
chlearis  muscle  passes,  at  the  upper  and  inner 
part  of  the  orbit. 
TROCHLEARIS,  Obliquus  superior  oculi. 
TROCHL&ATEUR,  GRAND,  Obliquus  su- 
perior oculi — t.  Petit,  Obliquus  superior  oculi. 
TROCHLEE,  Trochlea. 
TRO'CHOID,  from  ioo/os,  'a  \v*el,'  and 
eiSog,   '  resemblance.'      Trocho'i'dcs,  Axta  com- 
missu'ra.    An  articulation,  in  which  one  bone 
turns  upon  another,  like  a  wheel  upon  its  axle; 
as  the  Jliloido-axoid  articulation. 

TROCHOIDES,  Axea  commissura. 
TROENE,  Ligustrum  vulgare. 
TROISQIMRTS,  Trocar. 
TROKANTER,  Trochanter. 
TROKANTERIAN,  Trochanterian. 
TROKANTINIAN,  Trochantinian. 
TROKL&E,  Trochlea. 

TROMPE,  Tuba—/.  d'Eustache,  Eustachian 
tube — t.  de  Fallope,  Tuba  Fallopiana — t.  Uterine, 
Tuba  Fallopiana. 
TROM US,  Tremor. 

TRONC,  Trunk—/.  Brachial,  Brachial  artery 
— t.  Basilaire,  Basilary  artery. 


TROP^SOLUM  MAJUS 


761 


TUBER  CINEREUM 


TROP.^'OLUM  MAJUS,  Indian  Cress,  JVas- 
tur'tium  lndi.cum,  Acrivi'ola,  Flos  sanguineus 
monur'di,  JVastui' tium  Peruvia'num,  Cardamin'- 
dum  minus.  Famihj,  Geraniaceae.  Sex.  Syst. 
Octandria  Monogynia,  (F.)  Cresson  des  Indes, 
Cresscn  du  Mexique,  Capucine.  An  antiscorbutic. 
TROPHALIS,  Colostrum, 
TROPHE,  Aliment,  Cibatio,  Pabulum. 

TROPH'ICAL,  Troph'icus;  same  etymon  as 
Trophy.     Relating  to  nourishment  or  nutrition. 

TROPHIMOS,  Nutrition. 

TROPHON'OSI,  Trophonu'si,-  from  rgotprj, 
'nourishment,'  and  voaog,  'a  disease.'  Diseases 
of  nutrition. 

TROPH'Y,  Troph'ia,  rgo<pi;,  a  suffix  denoting 
'  nourishment  or  nutrition,'  as  hypertrophy,-  'ex- 
cess of  nourishment  or  nutrition.' 

TROSTER,  see  Spirit. 

TROU,  Foramen  —  t.  Anonyme,  Foramen  sty- 
lomastoideum — t.  Aveugle  ou  Borgne,  Caecum 
foramen — t.  de  Botal,  Botal  foramen,  Ovale 
foramen — t.  Dechire  anterieur,  Lacerum  anterius 
foramen — t.  Dechire  posterieur,  Lacerum  pos* 
terius  foramen — t.  Itpineux,  Spinale  foramen — 
t.  Mentonnier ,  Mental  foramen — t.  Optique,  Fo- 
ramen opticum— /.  Orbitaire  superieur,  Fora- 
men supra-orbitarium — t.  Orbitaire  superieur, 
Orbitar  foramen  superior — i.  Ovale,  Ovale  fora- 
men— t.  Rond,  petit,  Spinale  foramen — t.  Sous- 
orbitaire,  see  Suborbitar  canal — t.  Sous-pubien, 
Obturatorium  foramen — t.  Spheno-epinevx,  Spi- 
nale foramen — t.  Sus- orbitaire,  Foramen  supra- 
orbitarium. 

TROUS  CAROTWIENS,  Carotica  foramina 
— t.  Condijlo'idiens.  Condyloidea  foramina — t. 
de  Conjvgaison,  Conjugationis  foramina — t.  de 
Conjugaison,  see  Vertebra — t.  Olfactifs,  Olfac- 
tory foramina — t.  Rachidiens,  Spinal  foramina. 

TROUSSEAU,  Fasciculus. 

TR  0  USSEA  UX  ARRIkRE-MESENTti- 
RIQUES,  (F.)  A  name  given  by  Winslow  to 
the  nervous  plexus  situate  between  the  two 
mesenteric  plexuses,  of  which  it  is  a  depend- 
ence, and  which  descends  into  the  pelvis  to 
concur  in  the  formation  of  the  hypogastric 
plexus. 

TRUBS,  Lycoperdon  tuber. 

TRUELOVE,  Paris,  Trillium  latifolium. 

TRUFFE,  Lycoperdon  tuber. 

TRUFFLE,  Lycoperdon  tuber. 

TRUMBUS,  Thrombus. 

TRUMPETWEED,  Eupatorium  purpureum. 

TRUNK,  Truncus,  (F.)  Tronc.  The  princi- 
pal part  of  the  body,  to  which  the  limbs  are 
articulated.  The  trunk  has  been  divided  into 
three  parts; — a  superior,  the  head,- — &  middle, 
the  thorax,— and  an  inferior,  the  pelvis.  These 
three  regions  contain  the  great  splanchnic  cavi- 
ties. They  are  united  by  a  common  stalk — the 
vertebral  column.  To  the  middle  are  articu- 
lated the  superior  extremities;  and,  to  the  infe- 
rior, the  lower  extremities. 

The  trunk  of  an  artery,  vein,  nerve,  or  lym- 
phatic is  its  largest  part,  winch  has  not  yet 
given  ofF  branches.  It  is,  also,  applied  to  the 
parent  vessel,  after  branches  have  been  sent  off. 

TRUSS,  from  (F.)  (rovsser,  'to  tie  up. 
Brache'rium,  Brackeri'olum,  Amma  (1 .)  Braver. 
A  hernial  bandage  for  keeping  the  hernia  re- 
duced. The  ancient  trusses  were  inelastic 
They  consisted  simply  of  a  pad  and  strap.  At 
the  Jresent  day,  elastic  bandages  are  alone  em- 
ployed They  possess  the  advantage  of  making 
'  49 


an  equable  and  continuous  pressure  on  the 
aperture  of  the  sac;  and  of  yielding  to  the 
changes  of  form  in  the  abdominal  parietes. 
The  most  important  part  of  these  bandages  is 
a  piece  of  narrow  steel,  flat  and  adapted  To  the 
shape  of  the  body.  This  is  the  spring,  (F.)  Res- 
sort.  It  embraces  the  body  on  the  side  affected ; 
extends  from  beyond  the  spine,  and  terminates 
opposite  the  ruptured  part,  by  an  iron  plate  to 
which  it  is  riveted.  The  posterior  surface  of 
this  plate  is  furnished  with  a  convex  pad,  (F.) 
Pelote,  adapted  in  shape  and  size  to  the  aper- 
ture which  it  has  to  close.  The  spring  is  co- 
vered with  leather,  and  its  inner  surface  is  pad- 
ded; a  strap  extends  from  its  posterior  extre- 
mity, passes  round  the  sound  side,  and  is  at- 
tached to  the  plate  of  the  pad.  This  strap  is 
pierced  with  numerous  holes,  which  allow  the 
patient  to  tighten  or  slacken  it  at  pleasure. 
Trusses  have  been  variously  constructed ;  and 
different  patents  obtained  for  the  modifications. 
They  all  act  upon  the  above  principle.  Some- 
times they  have  a  double  pad. 

TRYGODES,  Feculent. 

TRY PANON,  Trepan. 

TRYPESIS,  Trepanning. 

TRYPSIS.  Friction. 

TSCHERBET,  Sherbet. 

TSIANA,  Costus. 

TSJAMPACA,  Michelia  champaca. 

TUBA,  Tube — t.  Aristotelica,  Eustachian 
tube — t.  Coeca,  Tuba  Fallopiana — t.  Ulerina, 
Tuba  Fallopiana. 

TUBE,  Tuba,  Trumpet,  Salpinx,  (F.)  Trompe. 
A  name  given  to  some  parts,  which  are  hollow 
and  have  the  shape  of  a  trumpet. 

Tube,  Fallopian,  Tuba  Falltipia'na,  Hys'ter- 
osalpinx,  Ooiduc'tus  mvlie'bris,  Vas  deferens 
mulie'ris,  Tuba  utcri'na,  T.  cmca,  Ductus  varicu'- 
sus  sou  Proces'sus  lutera'lis  seu  Mea'tus  semi- 
na'lis  seu  Me'atus  scrnina'riusu'teri,  (F.)  Trompe 
de  Fallope,  T\  uterine,  is  a  canal,  floating  in  the 
abdomen,  and  extending  on  each  side  from  the 
superior  angles  of  the  uterus  as  far  as  the  sides 
of  the  briirT  of  the  pelvis.  They  are  4  or  5 
inches  long.  Near  the  uterus,  they  are  straight 
and  very  narrow;  but,  in  their  course,  they 
widen,  become  tortuous,  and  terminate  by  a 
free,  expanded,  and  fimbriated  extremity,-  called, 
also,  FoUa'ceum  ornamen'tum,  Morsus  dial/oli, 
Infundib'ulum  tuba' rum  Fallo'pii,  Lacin'ia.  tu- 
ba'rum  Fallopii,  (F.)  Morceauf range,  Pavilion  de 
la  trompe,  Morceau  du  diat/le.  Within,  the 
tubes  are  hollow  and  lined  by  a  mucous  mem- 
brane: the  tisane,,  which  it  lines,  is  spongy 
and  erectile.  The  use  of  the  Fallopian  tubes 
is  to  conduct  the  sperm  to  the  ovarium,  and 
the  fecundated  ovum  back  to  the  uterus.  They 
establish  a  communication  between  the  cavity 
of  the  peritoneum  and  that  of  the  uterus. 

Tube,  OSsophage'al,  Stomach  Tube.  A  long 
elastic  gum  tube,  capable  of  being  passed  into 
the  oesophagus  or  stomach. 

Tube,  Rectal.  An  elastic  gum  tube,  simi- 
lar to  the  last,  which  is  sometimes  passed  into 
the  colon,  to  remove  air  from  that  intestine,  or 
to  enable  enemata  to  be  thrown  up  into  it. 

Tube  Stomach,  see  Tube,  oesophageal. 

TUBER,  Hump,  Lycoperdon  tuber,  Tu- 
bercle— t.  Ath'ido- occipital,  Rectus  capitis  posti- 
cus minor— t.  Cibarium,  Lycoperdon  tuber. 

Tuber  Cine'reum.  A  grayish  tubercle,  seen 
at  the  base  of  the  brain  behind  the  commissure 


TUBER  GULOSORUM 


7G2 


TUMOR 


of  the  optic  nerves,  which  is  continuous  with 
the  infundibulum. 

Tuber  Guiosorum,  Lycoperdon  tuber  —  t. 
Ischio-trochanterien,  Quadratus  femoris — t.  Is- 
chii,  see  Jschiatic  —  t.  Pellagra,  Pellagra  —  t. 
Tympani,  Promontory  of  the  tympanum. 

TUBERA  TERR.E,  Lycoperdon  tuber. 

TU'BERCLE,  Tuber'culum,  Tuber,  (F.)  Tu- 
bercule.  A  tumour  in  the  substance  of  organs, 
from  the  production  of  new  matter: — sensation 
dull;  growth  sluggish.  In  Pathological  Ana- 
tomy, the  term  is  given  to  a  species  of  degene- 
ration which  consists  of  an  opake  matter,  of  a 
pale  yellow  colour:  this,  in  its  crude  condition, 
has  a  consistence  analogous  to  that  of  con- 
crete albumen;  it  subsequently  becomes  soft  and 
friable,  and  gradually  acquires  a  consistence 
and  appearance  analogous  to  those  of  pus.  Tu- 
bercles may  be  developed  in  different  parts  of 
the  body;  but  they  are  most  frequently  ob- 
served in  the  lungs  and  mesentery.  Pulmonary 
tubercles  are  the  cause  of  Tuber' cular  Phthisis, 
Tubcr'cula  Pulmo'num,  (F.)  Tubercules  pulmo- 
naires.  Mesenteric  tubercles  are  often  met  with 
in  the  same  affection,  but  particularly  in  Tabes 
Mesenterica,  (q.  v.)  Laennec  classes  the  tuber- 
cles among  the  accidental  tissues  which  have 
no  resemblance  to  the  natural  tissues,  and 
which  never  exist  except  in  consequence  of 
morbid  action.  Others  consider  them  as  a 
scrofulous  degeneration.  Broussais  conceives 
that  they  are  produced  exclusively  by  inflam- 
mation of  the  white  vessels.  When  tubercles 
in  any  organ  are  few  in  number,  they  may  pass 
to  the  state  of  permanent  induration  without 
danger  to  the  patient;  but  when  they  are  very 
numerous,  they  usually  cause  serious  mischief. 
Dr.  Baron  considers  that  they  are  produced  by 
hydatids.  The  morbid  condition  which  gives 
rise  to  the  development  of  tubercles,  is  termed 
Tuber  culo' sis,  Morbus  tubcrculo'sus,  and  Dyscra- 
sia  Tuberculosa. 

Tubercle,  Black,  Melanosis. 

TUBER'CULA  ARAN'TII,  Cor' pora  Aran' tii, 
Corpus'cvla  Jirau'tii,  Tubercles  of  Arantius  or 
Aranzi.  Small  eminences  at  the  middle  part  of 
the  semilunar  valves  of  the  pulmonary  artery 
and  aorta. 

Tubercula  Arthritica,  Calculi,  arthritic — 
t.  Hepatis,  liepatostrumosie — t.  Nervorum  no- 
dosa, Ganglions,  nervous— t.  Parva  dura  ma- 
tris,  Glandulte  Pacchioni — t.  Pulmonum,  see 
Tubercle. 

TUBERCULAR,  Tuber'culous,  Tubcrculo'sus, 
Tuber' culate,  (F.)  Tubcrculeux.  That  which  re- 
lates to  tubercles,  or  which  is  formed  by  tuber- 
cles. 

Tubercular  or  Tuberculous  Constitution 
or  Diathesis,  Phthisio'sis,  is  the  habit  of  body 
which  predisposes  to  tubercular  phthisis;  as 
Tuberculous  Cachez'ia,  Tuberculosis,  Morbus  tu- 
berculo'sus,  Dyscra'sia  tuberculoma,  is  the  condi- 
tion of  one  labouring  under  tuberculosis. 

TuBERCuLAn  Matter.  A  morbid  produc- 
tion, contained  in  cysts,  or  loose  in  the  tissue 
of  organs.  It  varies,  in  its  consistence,  at  the 
different  periods  of  the  tubercular  affection: 
being,  at  first,  compact,  and  yellowish:  at  times, 
calcareous:  afterwards  pultaceous,  semi-fluid 
and  curdy.     See  Tubercle. 

Tubercular  Phthisis  is  that  produced  by 
the  development  of  tubercles  in  the  lun^s 

TUBERCULATE,  Tubercular. 


TuBERCULATE  SaRCo'mA  of  Ab  ERNETH  Y,  Ert%- 

phy'/nct  Sarcoma  tuber culo' sum,  Tumor  tuberculo- 
sus.  Tubercles,  firm,  round,  and  clustering; 
pea-sized  or  bean-sized;  yellowish  or  brownish- 
red;  when  large  disposed  to  ulcerate,  and  pro- 
duce a  painful,  malignant,  and  often  fatal  sore. 
Found  chiefly  in  the  lymphatic  glands  of  the 
neck;  often,  simultaneously,  in  other  glands 
and  organs. 

TUBERCULATED  LIVER,  Cirrhosis. 

TUBERCULE,  Tubercle. 

TUBERCULES  DES  GLAJVDESLYMPHA- 
TIQUES,  Scrofula — t.  du  Foie,  Hepalo-strumosic 
— t.  des  Ganglions  ■mi.sentcritpies,  Tabes  mesen- 
terica— t.  of  the  Larynx  and  Fauces,  Pharyngi- 
tis, follicular — t.  Miliary,  see  Granulation — t. 
Pisiformes,  Mamillary  tubercles — t.Pulmonaires, 
see  Tubercle — t.  Quadrijurrteaux,  Quadrigemina 
corpora. 

TUBERCULEUX,  Tubercular. 

TUBERCULOSIS,  see  Tubercle  and  Tuber- 
cular Cachexia — t.  Pulmonum,  Phthisis  pul- 
monalis — t.  Vertebrarurn,  Vertebral  disease. 

TUBERCULOSUS,  Tubercular. 

TUBERCULOUS,  Tubercular— t.  Disease  of 
the  Lungs,  Phthisis  pulmonalis. 

TUBER'CULUM  CINE'REUM,  « Ash-co- 
loured-tubercle,' diminutive  of  tuber;  Fasci'ola 
cincrea.  A  mass  of  cinentious  substance  at  the 
top  of  the  calamus  scriptorius,  which  is  con- 
tinuous below  with  the  posterior  horn  of  cine- 
ritious  substance  in  the  cord,  and  upon  the 
sides  with  the  corpus  restiforme. 

Tuberculum  Loweri,  Lower,  tubercle  of. 

TUBEROSITAS  TYMPANI,  Promontory  of 
the  tympanum. 

TUBER0S1TE  BICIP1TALE,  Bicipital  tu- 
bercle— t.  Sciatiquc,  see  Ischiatic. 

TUBEROSITY,  from  tuber,  -a  bump.'  Ana- 
tomists have  given  this  name  to  an  eminence 
or  process,  the  surface  of  which  is  unequal  and 
rough;  and  which  gives  attachment  to  muscles 
or  ligaments. 

TUBI  MEMBRANACEI,  see  Villous  mem- 
bra lies. 

TUBULI  DURjE  MATRIS,  Sinuses  of  the 
dura  mater — t.  Pelvis  renum,  see  Calix — t.  Uri- 
niferi  Bellini,  Uriniferous  tubes. 

TUBULUS,  Cannula. 

TUBUS  ACUSTICUS, Ear-trumpet— t.  Ner- 
vorum, Neurilemma. 

TUCKAHO,  Lycoperdon  tuber. 

TUE-CHIEN,  Colchicum  aulumnale. 

TULIP  TREE,  Liriodendron. 

TULIP 1 ER,  Liriodendron. 

TULIPIPERA  LIRIODENDRON,  Lirioden- 
dron tulipifera. 

TUMEFACTIO,  Swelling  — t.  Mollis,  Puffi- 
ness. 

TUMEUR,  Tumour — t.  Anomalc,  see  nema- 
todes fungus — t.  Blanche,  Hydrarthrus — t.  Ca- 
uerneuse,  see  nematodes  fungus — t.  Erectile, 
see  Hrematodes  fungus, — /.  Li///tpha!ique  des  ar- 
ticulations, Hydrarthrus — t.  Variqueuse,  see  Ha> 
matodes  fungus. 

TUMOR,  Swelling— t.  Albus,  Hydrarthrus— 
t.  Carneus,  Sarcoma — t.  Cysticus,  Encystis — 
t.  Cysticus  serosus,  Hygroma— t.  Ficosus,  Fi- 
cus — t.  Flatulentus,  Emphysema — t.  Fungosus 
sanguineus,  Haematodes  fungus — t.  Ganwlifor- 
mis,  Ganglion,  nervous — t.  Squamiformis  car- 
nosus,  Lepidosarcoma — t.  Tuberculosus,  Tuber- 
culate  sarcoma — t.  Tunicatus,  Encystis. 


TUMOUR 


763 


TURNING 


Tiimour,  from  tumeo,'  I  swell;'  Oncns,  Oncd-    Uvalis.    Uvea— t.    Uviformis,    Uvea— t.    Vagi- 
sis,  Lpm  ma,  Eparsis,  Emphy'ma,  Excrescen'tia    nalis,  see   Vaginal  — t.    Vaginalis  Linguae,  see 

moil  Dfl  rTPC    A      7*V.»iA  ,/™  „        f  U*    \      T* _  t-%  ■      ■  m a       X7 1  ..        --...  .    .      °  ' 


(Sauvagee,)  Ecphtfma,  (F.)  Tumenr.  Risings 
or  prominences,  of  greater  or  less  size,  deve- 
loped by  a  morbific  cause  in  some  part  of  the 
body.  Cullen  defines  a  tumour  to  be  "  a  par- 
tial swelling  without  inflammation.-'  Sauva- 
ges  restricts  the  term  to  risings  formed  by  the 
congestion  of  a  fluid;  and  he  calls  excrescences 
those  which  have  a  fleshy  or  osseous  consist- 
ence. Boyer  defines  it  "any  preternatural 
eminence  developed  on  any  part  of  the  body." 
Good  uses  it  synonymously  with  tubercle. 
Boyer's  is  the  best  general  definition.  Tu- 
mours differ  greatly  from  each  other;  accord- 
ing to  their  seat,  the  organs  interested,  their 
nature,  &c. 

The  French  use  the  term  Tumeur  blanche  sy- 
nonymously with  White  Swelling ; — see  Hydrar- 


Tongue — t.  Vasculosa  oculi,  Choroid. 

Tunica  Vasculo'sa  Testis,  Via  mater  testis. 
An  extremely  delicate  membrane,  consisting  of 
minute  ramifications  of  the  spermatic  vessels 
united  by  cellular  tissue,  which  separates  the 
lobules  of  the  testis  from  each  other.  It  is  situ- 
ate immediately  within  the  tunica  albuginea, 
and  encloses  the  substance  of  the  gland.  It 
sends  processes  inward  that  separate  the  lo- 
bules, in  the  same  manner  as  the  pia  mater  is 
reflected  between  the  convolutions  of  the  brain. 

Tunica  Vitrea,  Hyaloid  membrane. 

TUMQUE  ALBUGIN£E,  Albuginea. 

TUNNYFISH,  SALTED,  Omotarichos. 

TUPH LO-ENTER1T1S,  Typhlo-enteritis. 

TUPHUS,  Typhus. 

TURBINATED  BONES,    Ossa   turbina'ta. 


thrus.  The  term  is,  however,  applied  by  the  Bones  shaped  like  a  top.  From  turbo  or  tor- 
generality  of  surgeons,  to  swellings  of"  the  \ben,  '  a  top.'  Ossa  spongio'sa,  Cornua,  Conchoe 
greater  joints,  without  change  of  colour  of  the  na'rium,  Conchylia,  Bucct'nx,  Lam'inse  spongio'- 
skin,  and  of  a  more  or  less  firm  consistence,  I  sse  nasi,  Ossa  lertia  maxill'se  superio'ris.  Very 
which  are  dependent  upon  disease  of  the  osse-  thin,  bony  plates,  rolled  up  in  the  form  of  horns, 
ous  or  of  the  soft  parts  about  the  joint.  and    situate    in   the    nasal   fossae.     1.   Os  spon- 

Scrofula  is  the  most  common  cause  of  these    gio'sum   supe'rius   or    Cornel  de  Morgagni,- — 
affections.  the  highest.    2.  Os   spongiosum   me'dinm,  the 


Tumour,  Erectile.  A  tumour  produced  by 
the  development  of  a  soft,  vascular  tissue, 
which  is  susceptible  of  dilatation  and  depres- 
sion.    See  Erectile. 

Tumour,  Var'icose,  Tumor  varico'sus.  A 
circumscribed,  bluish  tumour,  formed  by  the 
dilatation  and  turgescence  of  the  capillary  ves- 
sels of  a  part. 

Tumour,  Vasculah,  see  Hsemorrhois. 

TUNBRIDGE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
A  celebrated  acidulous  chalybeate  in  Kent, 
England,  a  few  miles  distant  from  the  village 
ol'Tunbridge,  and  thirty-six  miles  south  of  Lon- 


middle  cornu  of  French  anatomists, — the  eth- 
moidal cornu  or  Os  spongiosum  superius,  Os 
turbinatum,  of  English  anatomists, —  Os  convo- 
ke turn  superius,  Concha,  (F.)  Cornet  May  en. 
This  bone  projects  inwards  and  downwards 
into  the  cavity  of  the  nose,  from  the  ethmoid 
cells  at  the  side  of  the  nasal  lamella,  and  serves 
to  enlarge  the  organ  of  smell.  It  is  convex 
towards  the  septum,  and  concave  outwards. 
3.  Os  spongiosum  vel  turbinatum  inferius, 
Concha,  inferior,  Convoln'tum  inferius  os,  Os 
sous- ethmoidal,  (Ch.)  projects  at  the  under  part 
of  the  side  of  the  nose,  is  convex  towards  the 


don,  which  is  much  frequented.      It  contains    septum,  and  concave  outwards.     It  is  connected 


carbonic  acid,  carbonate  of  iron,  and  sulphate 
of  magnesia. 

TUNIC,  Tu'nica,C/d'ton,a.coat.  An  enve- 
lope. A  name  given  to  different  membranes, 
which  envelop  organs;  such  are  the  tunics  or 
coals  of  the  eye,  stomach,  bladder,  &c. 


to  the  os  maxillare,  os  palati,  and  os  unguis. 
4.  Sphenoid! al  cornu,  (q.  v.) 

All  the  turbinated  bones  extend  the  olfactory 
surface. 

TURBITH  BLANC,  Globularia  alypum— t. 
Mineral,  Hydrargyrus   vitriolatus — t.   Montpe- 


TUN1CA  AC1NALIS,  Uvea— t.  Aciniformis,   lier,  Globularia  alypum— t.  Plant,  Convolvulus 
Uvea— t.  Acinosa.  Uvea— t.  Adnata,  Conjunc-    turpethurn 


tiva—  t.  Agnata,  Conjunctiva — t.  Alba  oculi 
Sclerotic — t.  Albuginea,  Albuginea— t.  Albu- 
ginea oculi,  Sclerotic — t.  Arachnodes,  Arach- 
noid membrane — t.  Aranea,  Arachnoid  mem- 
brane— t.  Caduca,  Decidua — t.  Candida  oculi, 
Sclerotic— t.  Carnosa,  Panniculus  carnosus— t. 
Conjunctiva,  Conjunctiva — t.  Coslalis,  Pleura 
— t.  Crassa,  Decidua — t.  Dura  oculi,  Sclerotic 
— t.  Durior  et  crassa,  Sclerotic— t.  Elytroides, 
Vaginalis  tunica— t.  Erythrnides,  Cremaster— 
t.  Exterior  ovi,  Decidua— t.  Extima  oculi,  Scle- 
rotic— t.  Filamentos-i,  Decidua— t.  Hortensis, 
Dianthus  caryophyllus— t.  Innominata  oculi, 
Sclerotic— t.  Interna  oculi,  Retina. 

Tunica  Jaco'bi.  A  highly  delicate  serous 
membrane,  interposed  between  the  retina  and 
the  choroid  coat,  discovered  by  Dr.  Jacobs,  of 

Dublin.  _  .    .T 

Tunica  Muscularis,  Dnrtos— t.  Nervorum, 
Neurilemma— t.Praetensaahdornini8,Pentonaeum 
-t.  Reticularis,  Retina-t.  Retifbrmis,  Retina- 
t  Rubicnnda  scroti,  Dartos-t.  Rubra  Dianthus 
carvonhvllus-t.  Ruyschiana,  see  Choroid-t 
lubcostaU9'    Pleura-t.    Thoracis,    Corset-t. 


TURGENTIA,  Turgescence. 

TURGESCENCE,  Turgescen'tia,  Turgen'- 
lia,  Orgas'mus,  from  turgescere,  'to  swell.' 
Superabundance  of  humours  in  a  part.  The 
term  Turgescence  of  Bile  was  formerly  used  to 
denote  the  passage  of  that  fluid  into  the  sto- 
mach, and  its  discharge  by  vomiting.  A  vital 
action  of  Turgescence — Turgor  vitalis — or  ex- 
pansibility has  been  presumed  to  exist  in  cer- 
tain organs,  as  in  the  capillaries;  but  the  gene- 
rality of  physiologists  do  not  admit  it. 

TURGESCEN'TIA  VESIC'UL/E  FELL'- 
EiE,  Ascites  Hep'ato-cys'ticus,  Physco'nia  bilidsa, 
Hepatol' gia  Bet  ilia' mi,  Cystoce  le  bilio'sa,  Hy- 
drops vesi'cafell'ecB,  (F.)  Hydropisie  de  la  Vesi- 
cate du  Eiel,  Distension  de  la  Vdsicule  du  Fiel, 
Cholicyslieciasie.  Distension  of  the  gall-bladder 
by  bile. 

TURGOR  VITALIS,  see  Turgescence. 

TURMERIC,  Curcuma  longa,  Sanguinaria 
Canadensis. 

TURNING,  Versio,  from  (F.)  tourner,  'to 
turn,'  (F.)  Version.  The  operation  of  bringing 
down  the  feet,  or  some  part  of  the  lower  ex- 


TURNIP 


764 


TYMPANITIS 


trernity,  wlien  the  presentation  of  the  child  is 
such  that  it  cannot  be  delivered  by  the  natural 
efforts. 

TURNIP,  Brassica  rapa — t.  Dragon,  Arum 
triphyllum — t.  Indian,  Arum  triphyllum— t. 
Pepper,  Arum  triphyllum. 

TURNS,  Menses. 

TURPENTINE,  Terebinthirta— t.  Bordeaux, 
see  Pinus  sylvestris — t.  Brian^on,  see  Pinus 
ceinbra — t.  Chio,  see  Pistacia  terebinthus — t. 
Common,  see  Pinus  sylvestris  —  t.  Common, 
American,  see  Pinus  sylvestris — t.  Cyprus,  see 
Pistacia  terebinthus  —  t.  Damarra,  see  Pinus 
damarra — t.  Dombeya,  see  Dombeya  excelsa — 
t.  Horse,  see  Pinus  sylvestris— t.  Strasburg,  see 
Pinus  picea— t.  Tree,  Pistacia  terebinthus — t. 
Venice,  see  Pinus  larix — t.  Venice,  true,  see 
Pistacia  terebinthus — t.  White,  see  Pinus  syl- 
vestris. 

TURPETHUM,  Convolvulus  turpethum— t. 
Minerale,  Hydrargyrus  vitriolatus — t.  Nigrum, 
Hydrargyri  oxydum  cinereum. 

TURQUOISE,  This  stone  has  been  long 
imagined  to  change  its  colour  as  the  wearer  is 
at  the  time  in  good  or  bad  health: — a  super- 
stitious notion, 

TURTLE  BLOOM,  Chelone  glabra— t.  Green, 
Chelonia  mydas— t.  Head,  Chelone  glabra. 

TURUNDA,  Tent. 

TUSSACA  RETICULATA,  Goodyera  pu- 
bescens. 

TUSSEDO,  Tussis. 

TUSSILA'GO,  T.  Far'fara,  Be'chium,  Btf- 
ckion,  Cal'ceum  equi'num,  Chamaleu'cB,  Chamce- 
gei'ron,  Fil'ius  ante  patrem,  Farfarel'la,  Gallio- 
marchus,  Farfara,  lussila'  go  vu/ga'ris,  Forfar  a 
Bechium,  Vn'gula  caballi'na,  Coltsfoot,  (F.)  Pas 
d'ane.  Family,  Corymbiferae.  Sex.  Syst.  Syn- 
genesia  Polygamia  Superflua.  It  is  demulcent 
and  expectorant,  and  has  been  used  in  coughs, 
and  pulmonary  affections  in  general,  and  in 
some  cutaneous  diseases. 

Tussilago  Petasi'tes,  Butterbur,  Petasites, 
Festilenl-wort,  Petasites  major,  P.  vulgaris,  P. 
rubens.  The  roots  of  this  plant  have  been  re- 
commended as  aperient  and  alexipharmic. — 
They  have  a  strong  smell ;  and  a  bitterish,  acrid 
taste,  of  the  aromatic  kind,  but  not  agreeable. 

TUSSIS,  Cough,  Bex,  Tusse'do,  Bexis,  Tussis 
nervo'sa,  Catar'rkus,  Pneusis  Tussis,  (F.)  Toux. 
Violent,  sonorous,  frequent,  and  short  expira- 
tions; by  means  of  which  the  air,  in  passing 
rapidly  through  the  bronchia  and  trachea,  car- 
ries along  with  it  the  mucus  of  the  parts,  which 
forms  the  sputa,  (q.  v.)  The  cough  is  said  to 
be  dry,  when  unaccompanied  by  expectoration. 
It  is  symptomatic  of  many  diseases.  See  Bron- 
chitis. 

Tussis  Bronchica,  Cough,  tubal — t.  Catarrh- 
alis  Simplex,  Catarrh — t.  Clamosa,  Pertussis— t. 
Clangosa,  Pertussis — t.Convulsiva,  Pertussis — t. 
Ferina,  Pertussis — t.  Pueroa  strangulans,  Per- 
tussis— t.  Quinta,  Pertussis — t.  Senilis,  Bron- 
chitis (chroni  c,) — t.Spasmodica,  Pertussis — t.  Sto- 
machalis,  Pertussis — t.  Suffocativa,  Pertussis. 

TUTAM'INA,  Tuta'men,' a  defence,'  'a  pro- 
tection,' from  tutare,  'to  defend.'  Parts  are  so 
called  which  defend  or  protect  each  other. 

Tutamina  Cerebri  are  the  scalp,  pericra- 
nium, bones  of  the  skull,  and  the  meninges. 

Tutamina  Oculi  are  the  eyebrows,  eyelids, 
and  lachrymal  apparatus. 

TUTENAG,  Zincum. 


TUTHIA.Tutia. 

TUTIA,  Pom'pholyx,  Cadmia,  Alfasa,  Mesera, 
Capnitis,  Tuthia,  Ox'ydum  zinci  impu'rum. 
The  oxyd  of  zinc  that  attaches  itself  to  the 
chimneys  of  furnaces,  in  which  ores  of  zinc  are 
smelted.  It  is  in  the  form  of  gray  incrusta- 
tions; and  is  sometimes  used  for  making  ar: 
eye  salve.  It  is  prepared,  for  this  purpose,  by 
levigation. 

TWINKLING  OF  THE  EYE,  Nictation. 

TWINLEAF,  COMMON,  Jeffersonia  Bar- 
toni. 

TWIN  ROOT.  Orchis. 

TWINS,  SIAMESE.  Two  brothers,  Chang 
and  Eng,  connected  by  means  of  a  ligamentous 
band  passing  from  the  epigastrium  of  one  to  that 
of  the  other,  who  were  exhibited  in  various  parts 
of  Europe  and  America,  about  the  year  1830. 
See  Xiphopao-es. 

TWITCHING,  Tic. 

TYCHTCA,  from  ru^Vr  'accident.'  Fortui- 
tous lesions  or  deformities.  The  7th  class  of 
Good's  Nosology. 

TYLOMA,  Callosity. 

TYLOSIS,  Callosity. 

TYMMA,  Wound. 

TYMPAN,  Tympanum. 

TYMPANIA,  Tympanites. 

TYMPANIAS,  Tympanites. 

TYMPANITA,  Tympanites. 

TYMPANITE,  Tympanites. 

TYMPANl'TES,  Emphyse'ma  Ahdom'inis, 
Hydrops  Tympanites,  Affec 'tio  tympanit'ica,  Pneu- 
matosis Ahdom'inis,  Hydrops  abdominis  a'ereus, 
Chofera  sicca,  Aero-enterecta'sia,  Physoca'lia, 
Tympana' sis,  Physe'ma,  Physe'sis,  Hydrops  siccus 
et  f.atulentus,  Tympania,  Tympa'nias,  Tympani'- 
ta.  Emphyse'ma  Tympanites,  Metereorismus,  E. 
Tympanit' icum ,  Tym'pany,  Meteorism,  (F.)  Tym- 
panite,  Pneumatose  peritoniale,  Ballonncment, 
from  ivfinaroT,  'a  drum;'  so  called  because  the 
abdomen  is  distended  with  wind,  and  sounds 
like  a  drum  when  struck.  A  swelling  of  the 
abdomen,  caused  by  accumulation  of  air  in  the 
intestinal  tube  or  in  the  peritoneum.  Tympan- 
ites may  be  idiopathic  or  symptomatic.  The 
former  depends  upon  exhalation  of  air  from  the 
inner  surface  of  the  intestine,  or  from  the  de- 
composition of  substances  contained  in  it;  the 
latter  is  the  result  of  some  oro-anic  affection, 
and  often  depends  upon  obliteration  of  the 
digestive  tube,  which  prevents  the  gas  from 
escaping.  Idiopathic  tympanites  may  be  more 
readily  cured.  The  symptomatic  is  usually 
fatal.  On  dissection  in  such  cases,  the  stomach 
and  intestines  are  found  enormously  distended; 
with  strangulation  or  disorganization  of  some 
part  of  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  intestine. 
Carminatives  may  be  proper  when  tympanites 
depends  upon  atony  of  the  digestive  organs: 
but,  in  cases  of  the  symptomatic  kind,  they 
cannot  be  productive  of  advantage,  and  may  do 
harm. 

Sometimes  the  air  is  contained  in  the  cavity 
of  the  peritoneum— constituting  Tympani'tes 
abdomina'lis,  Acropcritonie,  of  some  : — the  ac- 
cumulation in  the  intestines  being  called  Tym- 
pani'tes intestina'lis. 

Tympanites  Uterine,  Physometra. 

TYMPANFT1S,  Inftamma'tio  tym'pani;  from 
TVii.Tca.ror, 'a  drum,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflamma- 
tion. Inflammation  of  the  lining  membrane 
of  the  middle  ear. 


TTMPANOSIS 


765 


TYPHUS 


TSMPANOSIS,  Tympanites. 
TYM'PANUM,   tvfinAvov,  <a  drum.'    The 
Drum  or  Barrel  of  the  Ear.     The  names  Cavity 
of  the  Tympanum  or  Cavity  of  the  Drum,  Cav' - 
itas    Tym'pani,    Antrum    seu    cavitas   antra' sa 
Auris,  Cuvum  Tym'pani,  (F.)    Tympan,  Cavite 
du  tympan,  Caisse  du  tambour — have  been  given 
to  a  cavity  of  an  irregular  shape,  which  con- 
stitutes the  middle  ear,  and  has  been  compared 
to  a  drum.     It  is  situate  in  the  pars  petrosa  of 
the  temporal  bone,  between  the  meatus  audito- 
rius  externus  and  the  labyrinth.     This  cavity 
is  lined  by  a  mucous  membrane;  and  commu- 
nicates, externally,  by  means  of  the  Eustachian 
tube,  which  is  situate  between  it  and  the  pha- 
rynx.    The  tympanum  has  six  parietes,     1.  An 
external,  which  is  almost  entirely  formed  of  the 
Membrane   of  the   Drum,  Membrana   tympani, 
Mijrin'ga,  Myrinx,  (F.)  Membrane  du  tympan — 
a  species  of  thin,  transparent,  circular  septum; 
convex  within,  and    concave    without,    which 
closes  the  inner  extremity  of  the  meatus  audi- 
torium    2.  An  internal,  on  which  are  the  Fe- 
tics'tra  oca'lis,  Promontory,  and    Fora'men  ro- 
tun'dum.     3.    A    superior.     4.  An    inferior,  on 
which  is  the  glenoid  fissure.     5.  A  posterior,  on 
which  are  the   opening   of  the  mastoid  cells, 
and  the  pyramid,     (i.  An  anterior,  on  which  are 
the  Prooes'sus  coch leaf nr' mis  and  the  inner  ori- 
fice of  the  Eustachian  tube.     The  cavity  of  the 
tympanum  is  crossed  by  a  series  of  four  small 
bones,  articulated  with  each  other  by  diarthro- 
sis,  moved  by  certain  muscles,  and  representing 
a  kind  of  bent  lever  extending  from  the  mem- 
brana tympani  to  the  fenestra  ovalis.     They  are 
called  the  Bones  or  Ossicles  of  the  Ear,  and  are 
the  mallei's,  incus,  os  orbiculare,  and  stapes. 

For  the  nervous  plexus  of  the  tympanum, 
see  Petrosal  Ganglion,  and  Otic  Ganglion. 

TYMPANY,  Tympanites— L  of  the  Womb, 
Physometra. 

TYPE,  Typus,  from  rvneg,  'a  stamp,'  itself 
from  tu.tto),  '  I  strike.'     The  type  is  the  order 
in   which   the  symptoms  of  a  disease  exhibit 
themselves,  and  succeed  each  other.     It  may  be 
continued,  intermittent,  or  remittent 
TYPHA  AROMATIC  A,  Acorus  calamus. 
TYPHIQUE,  Typhoid. 
TYPHLITIS,  Typhlo-enteritis. 
TYPHLO-ENTE  RI'TIS,    Tuphlo- enteritis, 
Typhli'tis,  Infiamma'tio  Cseci,  Phlegmonous  Tu- 
mour of  the  Caecum,  (F.)  Inflammation  du  Cae- 
cum, from  rviplos,  c<ecus,  and  enteritis,  '  inflam- 
mation of  the  intestines.'     Inflammation  of  the 
caecum,  occasionally  leading  to  perforative  ul- 
ceration. 
TYPHLOSIS,  Caecitas. 

TYPHLQTERON  MONOCOLON,  Cajcum. 
TYPHLOTES,  Caecitas. 
TYPHODES,  Typhoid. 
TYPHOHMIE  EXTllRiQUE,  see  Typhus. 
TYPHOH^EMIA,  see  Putrefaction. 
TYPHOID     Tijphoiiles.    Typko'des,  Lactica, 
(F.)  Typluque,  Typhoide,  Typlwde.     Resembling 
typhus;  as   Typhoid  Fever.     Also,  typhus,  ac 
cording;  to  some,  (q.  v.) 

TvPHo.n  Affect.on,  see  Typhus-t.  Fever, 
of  India,  Cholera. 

TYPHOMA'NIA,  ruipofcana,  from  tv$o?, 
'  stunor  '  and  ^vta,  <  delirium.'  Delirium  with 
^'Subde/ir'ium.  The  kind  of  delirium 
common  in  typhus.  „mr,;„ 

Tvphomania,  Coma  vigil,  Insomnia. 


TYPHONTA,  Coma  vigil. 
TYPHOSEPTOSES,   from   -ru?of,  'stupor,' 
and  a-rjxpig,  '  putrefaction.'     Typhous  affections. 
TYPHUS,  Semipes'tis,    Tuphus,  Febris    Ty- 
phodes,    (F.)   Fie"vre  adynamique,  F.  ataxique, 
Typhus  d' Europe,  from  rvqog,  '  stupor.'     A  fe- 
ver characterized  by  small,  weak,  and  unequal, 
but  usually  frequent  pulse,  with  great  prostra- 
tion  of  strength,  and  much  cerebral  disturb- 
ance; its  duration  being  usually  from  a  fort- 
night to  three  weeks  or  longer.     It  is  continued 
fever,  accompanied  with   great  cerebral  irrita- 
tion and  prostration.     (See  Fever.')     By  most 
writers,  this  disease  has  been  divided  into  two 
varieties — the    Typhus  mitior  and  Typhus  gra- 
vior.     Typhus  Mitior,  T.  simplex,  T.  nervo'sus, 
T.  comato'sus,  Fe'bris  lento,  nervosa,  Blechrop'- 
yrits,  F.  pu'irida  nervosa,  F.  kec'tica  malig'na 
nervosa,  Nervous  Fever,  Neurop'yra,  (F.)  Fievre 
nerveuse,  is  characterized  by  slight  shiverings, 
heavy,  vertiginous  headache;  great  oppression, 
peculiar  expression  of  anxiety,  nausea,  sighing, 
despondency,    and    coma    or    quiet    delirium. 
Typhus  Gravior,    Typhus  car'cerum,    T.   cas- 
tren'sis,  Febris  pes'tilens  malig'na,  Febris  nau'- 
tica    pestilent! a' lis,    Febris  peteckia'lis,    Typhus 
petcchia'lis,  Pulicula'ris  morbus,  Febris  puncti- 
cula'ris,  F.  Saprop'yra,  F.  car'cerum  el  nosoco- 
mio'rum,  F.  Putrida,  Septop'yra,   Putrid  Fever, 
Jail    Fever,    Hospital    Fever,    (F.)    Fievre    des 
Camps,  F.  naulique,   F.  d'Hopitul,    F.  nosoco- 
miale,  F.  des  Prisons,  F.  lenliculaire,  is  attended 
with  rigors  and  heat,  alternating;   little  or  no 
perspiration  ;    pulse,  tense  and    hard,   usually 
quick,  but  fluttering;  pain  over  the   forehead 
and    vertex;    delirium,    succeeded    by    stupor; 
signs  of  incipient  putrescency, — as  petechia?, 
vibices,  hemorrhages,  &c.     Typhus,  under  par- 
ticular circumstances,  seems  to  be  communica- 
ble by  contagion:   but  if  proper   attention  be 
paid  to  cleanliness  and  ventilation,  there  is  not 
much  danger  of  communication.     The  general 
principles  of  treatment,  laid  down  under  the 
head  of  Fever,  are  applicable  here.     All  the  va- 
rieties of  continued  fever  resemble  each  other 
in  the  cardinal  points,  although  they  may  dif- 
fer  in  many  of  their  characters.     Ventilation 
and    cleanliness;    warm    or    cold    ablution    or 
sponging;  keeping  the  bowels  free;  and  nttend- 
in<r  to  symptoms  as  they  may  rise,  with  the 
avoiding  of  all  irritation  of  every  kind,  are  the 
main  indications.     When   symptoms   of  great 
prostration  occur,  the   strength  must  be  sup- 
ported by  wine;  and  tonics  be  exhibited,  with 
the  mineral  acids.     Of  the  tonics,  the  sulphate 
of  quinia  is  perhaps  as  good  as  any,  whilst  it  is 
free  from  the   objection  which  applies  to  most 
others, — of  being   too    bulky.    In    the    whole 
management  of  this    affection,    however,   the 
physician    has    to    discriminate    carefully    be- 
tween oppression  and  prostration.     The  former 
may  require  evacuants;  the  latter  cannot. 

Of  late,  certain  observers  have  endeavoured 
to  show,  that  there  is  an  essential  difference 
between  typhoid  fever  and  typhus;  that  the 
former  is  an  abdominal  affection,  and  depend- 
ent upon,  or  connected  with,  an  inflamed  or 
ulcerated  condition  of  the  mucous  follicles  of 
the  intestines;  hence  it  has  received  the  names 
Fievre  m'esenttrique,  F  cntdio-mesenlcriquc, En- 
tcrite  ti/pho hemique,  Typhoimie cnt6rique,Entero- 
mesentirile  typhoide,  Ezanthemc  intestinale, 
Dothinentcrite,  (q.  v.)  «fcc,  lleodiclidite,  Enterite 


TYPHUS 


7G6 


ULMUS  AMERICANA 


follicukuse,  Gastro-entirite  with  nervous  affec- 
tion of  the  brain,  Follicular  gastro- enteritis,  F. 
enteritis,  Typhus  abdominalis,  T.  ganglionitis 
abdomina'lis,  Febris  intestina'lis  ulcero'sa,  Ty- 
phus enter' icus,  I/eop'yru,  lleotyphus,  Typhoid  af- 
fection. Accompanying  this  form  of  fever  there 
is  generally  a  typhoid  eruption,  consisting  of 
rose-red  papulae,  which  appear  mostly  on  the 
abdomen.  They  are  distinct  from  true  pete- 
chia?, as  they  can  be  removed  by  pressure;  and 
distinct  also  from  sudarnina,  which  are  perhaps 
the  universal  accompaniments  of  sweating,  and 
are  consequently  a  variety  of  miliaria.  The 
common  continued  fever  or  Synochus  (q.  v.)  of 
Great  Britain,  and  of  this  country,  has  been  pre- 
sumed by  some  to  be  this  variety:  but  farther 
observations  are  needed  to  establish  the  distinc- 
tions which  have  been  attempted,  and  there  is 
reason  to  believe,  that  the  abdominal  affection 
is  a  complication,  existing  in  certain  cases  and 
epidemics,  and  not  in  others.  The  Red  Tongue 
Fever  of  Kentucky  is  considered  by  Professor 
Bartlett  to  be  typhoid  fever. 

Recently,  certain  French  writers  have  con- 
sidered the  Typhus  of  the  European  continent, 
Typhus  of  Europe,  Teste  d' Europe,  pestilential 
fever,  contagious  typhus,  Hungary  Fever,  Hospi- 
tal fever,  camp  fever,  jail  fever,  lenticular  pete- 
chial fever,  &c.;  to  be  identical  with  the  typhoid 


affection.  They  admit  but  one  fever  on  the 
European  continent  —  the  typhoid.  Typhus, 
they  maintain — but  by  no  means  establish  the 
position — to  be  peculiar  to  England. 

Typhus  Abdominalis, see  Typhus — t. eVAmi- 
rique,  Fever,  yellow — t.  Aphlhoideus,  Aplithoe 
—  t.  Carcerum,  Typhus  gravior — t.  Uastrensis, 
Tvphus  gravior — t.  Comatosus.  Typhus  milior 
— t.  d' Europe,  Typhus—  t.  of  Europe,  see  Ty- 
phus— t.  Ganglionaris  abdominalis,  see  Typhus 
— t.  Icterodes,  Fever,  yellow — t.  Miasmutique 
ataxique  putride  jaune,  Fever,  yellow — t.  Mor- 
billosus,  Rubeola — t.  Nervosus,  Typhus  nhtior 
— t.  d' Orient,  Plague— t.  Pestis,  Plague — t. 
Petechialis,  Typhus  gravior — t.  Puerperal,  see 
Peritonitis — t.  Scarlatinus,  Scarlatina — t.  Sim- 
plex, Typhus  mitior — t.  Tropicus,  Fever,  yel- 
low— t.  Vesicularis,  Pemphigus. 

TYRANNUS,  see  Critical  days. 

TYREM'ESIS,  Tyrotem'esis,  from  tvqcs, 
'cheese,'  and  i/xta-ic,'  vomiting,'  Tyro'sis,  Tyrevl- 
sis.    Vomiting  of  curdy  matter,  in  iniants  especially. 

TYREUSIS,  Tyremesis. 

TYR1A,  Porrigo  decalvans. 

TYRIASIS,  Elephantiasis  Arabica. 

TYRODES,  Cheesy. 

TYROS,  Cheese. 

TYROSIS,  Tyremesis. 

TYROTEMESIS,  Tyremesis. 


u. 


ULA,  Gingivae. 

ULATROPH'IA,  from  cv\or,  <  the  gum,'  and 
atrophia,  atrophy.  Shrinking  of  the  gums; 
falling  away  of  the  gums. 

ULCER,  Ulcus,  He/cos,  Elco'sis,  Elco'ma,Hel- 
co'ma,  a  Sore.  (F.)  Ulcere.  A  solution  of  con- 
tinuity in  the  soft  parts,  of  longer  or  shorter 
standing,  accompanied  by  a  purulent  dis- 
charge, and  kept  up  by  some  local  disease  or 
constitutional  cause.  Richerand  makes  four 
great  distinctions  between  a  wound  and  an  ul- 
cer. 1.  A  wound  arises  from  the  action  of  an 
extraneous  body: — the  cause  of  an  ulcer  is  in- 
herent in  the  economy.  2.  A  wound  is  always 
idiopathic: — an  ulcer  is  always   symptomatic. 

3.  A  wound  has  essentially  a  tendency  to  heal, 
because  the  action  of  its  cause  has  been  mo- 
mentary : — an  ulcer,  on  the  contrary,  has  a  ten- 
dency to   enlarge,   because  its  cause   persists. 

4.  The  treatment  of  a  wound  is  purely  surgical; 
that  of  an  ulcer  is  medical  as  well.  The  imme- 
diate cause  of  an  ulcer  is  an  augmented  action 
of  the  absorbents;  and  a  specific  action  of  the 
small  vessels,  which  secrete  pus  from  the  blood. 
Ulcers  have  been  variously  divided,  according 
to  their  nature; — into  simple,  sinuous,  fistulous, 
fungous,  gangrenous,  scorbutic,  syphilitic,  cance- 
rous, inveterate,  sa-ofulous,  phagedenic,  virulent, 
cacoethic,  sordid,  carious,  varicose,  &c.  The 
treatment  consists  in  removing,  by  appropriate 
means,  the  internal  and  the  local  causes  which 
keep  up  the  ulceration,  and  in  exciting  the  ves- 
sels of  the  part,  where  necessary,  by  appro- 
priate bandaging,  &c. 

Ulcer,  Malignant,  Hospital  gangrene — u. 
Putrid.  Hospitnl  £ran<rrene. 

ULCERA  SERFENTIA  ORIS,  Aphth*. 
ULCERATiO  VEiNTRICULI,  Ga'strelcosis. 


ULCERA'TION,  Ulcera'tio,  Exulcerdtio.  A 
superficial  ulcer.  The  formation  of  an  ulcer, 
— Exelco'sis. 

ULCkRE,  Ulcer — u.  de  Lurynx,  Phthisis 
laryngea. 

UL'CEROUS,  Ulcere/ sus,  Helco'des,Helco'ides. 
Having  the  character  of  an  ulcer. 

ULCERS,  EGYPTIAN,  TEgyptia  ulcera. 

ULCUS,  Ulcer — u.  Atonicum,  Rupia — u. 
Cancrosum,  Cancer,  Chancre — u.  Depascens, 
Phagedenic  ulcer — u.  Narium  fastens,  Ozsns 
— u.  Syriacum,  Cynanche  maligna — u.  Tele- 
phium.  Telephium — u.  Tuberculosum,  Lupus. 

ULCUSCULUM  CANCROSUM,  Chancre. 

ULE,  Cicatrix. 

ULl'TIS,  from  ovlog,  'solid,'  {s-ag$  evXrj, 
'solid  flesh:'  hence  ovJle*,  '  the  gum.'  Inftam- 
ma'lio  gingi'ree,  Pcriodonti'tis  gin  giro' rum,  (F.) 
Gengivite,  Inflammation  des  Gencives,  fromoi/Jtoi', 
'  the  gum,'  and  ifis,  denoting  inflammation. 
Inflammation  of  the  gums. 

ULMAIRE,  Spiraea  ulmaria. 

ULMARIA,  Spirtea  ulmaria. 

ULMUS,  U.  campes'tris,  Ptelea,  Common 
Elm.,  (F.)  Orme.  Family,  Amentacere.  Sex. 
Sysf.  Pentandria  Digynia.  The  inner,  rough 
bark  of  this  tree  is  inodorous;  and  has  a 
bitter,  austere,  and  mucilaginous  taste.  It  is 
considered  tonic,  alterative  and  diuretic;  and 
has  been  used,  chiefly,  in  lepra  and  other  cu- 
taneous affections. 

Ulmus  Ala'ta,  Lynn  Wahoo.  The  bark  of  the 
root  has  been  used  successfully  as  a  cataplasm 
in  phlegmonous  inflammation. 

Ulmus  America'na,  U.  fulva,  Rough-leaved 
Elm.  Red  Elm,  Slippery  Elm.  The  inner  bark 
is  highly  mucilaginous,  and  is  used  in  coughs, 
diarrhoeas,  and  dysenteries;  also,  as  a  poultice 


ULMUS  CAMPESTRIS 


767 


UNDULATIO 


for  tumours;  lacerated  and  contused  wounds, 
&c. 

Ulmus  Campestris,  Ulmus — u.  Fulva,  U. 
Americana. 

ULNA,  O'lenS,  Foc"ile  inferius  seu  majus, 
C'inna  Bra'chii,  Os  ctlbiti  inferius,  Os  j/rocubi- 
ta'le,  Cu'bitus,   Cubit,  Arun'do  bra'chii,  major i 


the  Elbow, (<\.  v.)     Anatomists  have  given  this 
name  to  the  bone  of  the  forearm,  which  forms 
the  prominence  of  the  elbow,  during  the  flexion 
of  that  joint.     It  is  the  longer  and  larger  of  the 
two   bones,  and  is  inserted   at  the  inner  side. 
Its  upper  and  larger  extremity  has,  behind,  a 
considerable  process,  called  olecranon,-  and,  be- 
fore, a  smaller  one,  called  coronoid.    These  two 
eminences  are  separated  from  each  other  by  the 
greater  sigmoid  or  semilunar  fossa,  which  re- 
ceives  the  articular   trochlea  of  the  humerus. 
The  tubercle  of  the  ulna  is  a  small,  rough  spot, 
under  the  root  of  the  coronoid  process,  for  the 
insertion   of  the    Brachialis  interims.     On   the 
outside  of  this  extremity  of  the  bone,  is  the  les- 
ser sigmoid  cavity.     It  is  articulated  with   the 
head  of  the  radius.     The  inferior  extremity  of 
the  cubitus,  which   is  much   smaller  than  the 
superior,  and  articulated  with  the  radius,  has  a 
surface,  that  corresponds  to  the  fibro-cartilage 
which  separates  it  from  the  os  cuneiforme  ;  and 
a  pointed  process,  called  styloid.     The  body  of 
the  ulna  is  manifestly  triangular.     It  is  articu- 
lated with  the  os  humeri  and  radius,  and,  me- 
diately, with  the  os  cuneiforme.     It  is  developed 
by  three  points  of  ossification. 

ULNARIS  EXTERNUS,  see  Cubital  mus- 
cles—u.  Gracilis,  Palmaris  longus— u.  Inter- 
ims, see  Cubital  muscles. 

ULOCACE,  Cancer  aquaticus,  Stomacace. 
ULON'CUS,   from    ovXov,   '  the   gum,'   and 
oyxoc, 'a  tumour.'     Svvellingof  the  gums;  Epu- 
lis, (q.  v.)  .... 
ULORRHA'GIA,  Stomatorrhagia  gingiva  - 
rum,  from    cvfov,    'the    gum,' and    Qr,ytv^i,   'I 
break  forth.'     Bleeding  from  the  gums. 
ULOTICA,  Cicatrisantia. 
ULTIMl-STERNAL.  Professor  Beclard  has 
given  this  appellation  to  the  Gth  or  last  bony 
portion  of  the  sternum.     He  calls  it  also  Ensi- 

StCTTlfllt 

ULTIMUM  MO'RIENS,  'last  dying.'  A 
term  given  to  the  part  of  the  economy  which 
dies  last. 

ULV  A  CRISPA,  Fucus  crispus. 

UMBIL,  YELLOW,  Cypripedium  lutoum. 

UMBILICAL,  Umbilica'lis,  from  umbilicus, 
'the  navel.'  That  which  belongs  or  relates  to 
the  navel.  .  . 

Umbilical  Arteiues,  which  exist  only  in 
the  fetus,  seem,  as  it  were,  continuations  o 
the  primitive  iliacs.  They  clear  the  umbilical 
ring  and  proceed  to  the  placenta,  to  which  they 
carry  the  residuum  of  the  blood  sent  to  the  fe- 
tus by  the  umbilical  vein  As  soon  as  respira- 
tion is  established,  the  blood  ceases  to  pass  by 
he  umblical  arteries,  which  become  obhte- 
rated  as  well  as  the  vein,  and  are  transformed 
no  two  very  strong  ligamentous  cords,-  he 
vein  forming  the  Ligamen'tum  rotun  dum  of  the 

IlVTeTr'         ^.r  Cord    Funiculus  umbilicalis. 

S"n  SU  (F.)  Region  ombitlrak 
.      ,  ml'  rorrion  of  the  abdomen,  in  which 

iB  lhe  midd  e  WJ  ^       Th     sides  of  lhis  are 


bilical  region,  are  the  omentum  mnjus:  the  in- 
ferior extremity  of  the  duodenum;  the  jejunum  ; 
and  the  greater  part  of  the  mesentery;  the 
aorta;  vena  cava;  the  trunks  of  the  renal  arte- 
ries and  veins;  the  origin  of  the  spermatic  ar- 
teries, &c. 

Umbilical  Ring,  An'nulus  umbilica'lis,  (F.) 
Anneau  umbilical,  is  a  fibrous  ring  which  sur- 
rounds the  aperture  of  the  umbilicus,  and 
through  which  umbilical  hernia  occurs  in 
children. 

Umbilical  Vessels,  (F.)  Vaisseaux  ornbili- 
cavx,  include  the  two  arteries,  and  umbilical 
vein.  The  umbilical  vein  arises  from  the  pla- 
centa, and  terminates  at  the  fissure  on  the  infe- 
rior surface  of  the  liver  of  the  fetus,  to  which 
it  conveys  the  blood  necessary  for  its  nutrition. 
UMBILI'CUS,  Umbo,  Om'uhalos,  Umbili'cum, 
Radix  ventris,  Mesompha1 Hum,  Proline' sis  (navel. 
of  a  new-born  child,-)  the  navel,-  from  umbo,  'the 
button  or  prominence  in  i^\e  midst  of  a  buck- 
ler,' or  from  'vjuyalos,  or  rfpier  o/uyaAos,  which 
signifies  the  same,  as  well  as  the  navel.  (F.) 
Ombilic,  Nombril.  A  round  cicatrix,  about  the 
median  line  of  the  abdomen.  It  is  in  the  situa- 
tion of  an  aperture,  which,  in  the  fetus,  affords 
passage  to  the  vessels  of  the  umbilical  cord. 

Umbilicus  Mari'nus,  Colyfe'don  marina,  An- 
dros'ace,  Acetabulum  marinum,  Androsace  Mat- 
thi'oli,  Fungus  petrse'us  mnrinus.  A  submarine 
production,  found  on  rocks  and  the  shells  of 
fishes,  in  the  south  of  France.  It  is  reputed  to 
be  anthelmintic  and  diuretic. 
UMBO,  Umbilicus. 

UMBRELLA  TREE,  Magnolia  tripetala. 
UNCAS.  INDIAN,  Veratrum  viride. 
UNCIA,  Ounce. 

UN'CIFORM,  Unci  for' mis,  from  uncus,  'a 
hook,'  and  forma,  '  shape.'  That  which  has 
the  shape  of  a  hook. 

Unciform  Eminence,  Hippocampus  minor. 
Unciform  Bone,  Os  Unciform'e,Os  hama'tum, 
Os  uncina'tUm,    (F.J    Os   crochu.     The    fourth 
bone   of   the  second  row  of  the   carpus.      Its 
shape  is  very  irregular.     Inwards  and  forwards, 
it  has  a  considerable  eminence,  which  is  curved 
upon  itself,  and  gives  attachment  to  the  annular 
ligament  of  the°carpus.     It  is  articulated  with 
the  os  semilunare,  os  magnum,  os  cuneiforme, 
and  the  4th  and  5th  metacarpal  bones.     It  is 
developed  from  a  single  point  of  ossification. 
UNCINUS,  Hook. 
UNCTIO,  Inunction. 
UNCTION,  Unguentum  hydrargyri. 
UNCUS.  Hook. 

UNUERCL1FF,  ISLE  OF  WIGHT,  ENG- 
LAND, (CLIMATE  OF.)  The  Unuercliff 
comprehends  a  tract  of  country  from  Dunnose 
to  St.  Catherine's  Hill,  on  the  south-east  coast, 
about  six  miles  in  length, and  from  a  quarter  to 
half  a  mile  in  breadth.  It  is  well  protected  from 
the  colder  winds;  and  the  climate  is  remarka- 
bly equable,  as  well  as  mild  and  dry,  so  ihal 
there  are  not  many  days  during  the  winter,  in 
which  the  invalid  cannot  take  some  exercise  in 
the  open  air.  It  is  an  excellent  climate  for  the 
pulmonary  valetudinarian. 

UNDIM'IA.     A  name  given,  by  Paracelsus, 
to  a  tumour,  filled    with  a  gelatinous  matter, 
like  the  white  of  egg. 
UNDOSUS,  Cymatodes. 
UNDULATIO,  Fluctuation. 


Ui\'EDO 


768 


UNGUENTUM  HYDRARGYR1 


UNEDO,  Arbutus  unedo — u.  Papyracca,  Ar- 
butus unedo. 

UNGUEN,  Unguentum— u.  Articulare,  Sy- 
novia. 

UNGUENT,  ARMATORY,  Hoplochrysma. 

UNGUENTARIA,  (F.)  see  Myristica  mos- 
chata. 

UNGUENTA'RIUS,  Myropce'us,  Myrep'sus, 
Mijroyo'les,  Pigmentn'rius ;  from  unguentum, 
'  an  ointment.'  One  who  makes  and  sells  oint- 
ments.    A  perfumer. 

UNGUENTUM,  Unguen,  Myron,  (F.)  On- 
guent,  from  vngcre,  '  to  anoint.'  Ointments 
are  topical  applications,  of  a  consistence  more 
or  less  analogous  to  that  of  lard.  They  are 
used,  chiefly,  as  local  applications  to  ulcers 
and  wounds;  but  are  sometimes  rubbed  upon 
a  part,  in  cutaneous  affections;  and  especially, 
where  it  is  desired  that  the  constituents  of  the 
ointment  should  be  absorbed.  Ointments  are 
of  less  consistence  than  cerates,  although  the 
terms  are  often  used  indiscriminately. 

Unguentum  Ac"im  Nitro'si,  Ointment  of 
Nitrous  J}fid,  Porna'tum  vel  Unguen' turn  Nit'ri- 
tum  vel  Oxygena'tum,  (F.)  Pommade  oxygencc, 
Graisse  oxygened,  Pommade  d' Myon.  (Adip 
suilla,  lb],  add.  nilros.  gvj.  Melt  the  fat  and 
rub  in  the  acid  gradually,  till  cold.  Ph.  E) 
Stimulant.  Used  in  itch  and  other  cutaneous 
eruptions,  and  in  foul  ulcers. 

Unguentum  Adipocer^e  Cetorum,  Ceratum 
cetacei — u.  iEgyptiacum,  Linimentum  seru^i- 
nis— u.  JEgyptium  album,  Ciinomyron — u.  Al- 
bum, Unguentum  cetacei — u.  Oxidi  plumbi 
albi,  Unguentum  plumbi  subcarbonatis. 

Unguentum  de  Alth^a,  Marsh mal' low  Oint- 
ment, U.  de  Terebin'ihinA  et  cent,  Cera'tum  de 
Altkaa,  Emplas'trum  mucilagino'sum,  E.  emol'- 
liens,  E.  cit'rinum,  E,  flavum,  E.  de  Mthcea, 
Un<nientum  ftavwn,  U.  cit'rinvm,  U.  resi'nee 
piiil  syloes'tris  compos'itum  seu  resumpti'vum 
seu  leniti'vum,  (F.)  Onguent  de  guimuuve,  O. 
d'aUhc'a.  (Olei  de  mucitaginibus,  1000  p.,  term 
flame,  250  p.,  resina.  terebinthin.,  5a  125  p. 
Liquefy;  strain  and  stir  till  cold.  Ph.  P.) 
Common  Olive  oil  might  be  substituted  for  the 
Oil  of  Mucilages. 

Unguentum  Album  R.esolvens,  Linimen- 
tum ammonise  fortius— u.  Amygdalinum,  Cera- 
tum Galeni. 

Unguentum  Antimo'nii,  U.J].  Tartar iza'ti. 
Ointment  of  tar'tarized  an'timony.  (Antimon. 
et  potass,  tarlrat.  gij,  adipis  §j.)  If  a  drachm 
of  this  ointment  be  rubbed  upon  any  part,  night 
and  morning,  it  will  excite,  in  a  few  days,  a 
painful  pustular  eruption.  Hence,  it  is  em- 
ployed as  a  counter-irritant.  This  preparation 
is  also  called  Ung.  Tar'lari  stibiu'ti  seu  emet'ici, 
Ung.  e  Tur'taro  slibia'to,  Adeps  Tartars  slibii 
medica'tus,  Ung.  Tur'tratis  Potass' ct  stibiu'ti, 
Pominadc  d'Jiutenrieth,  Pommade  stibi.de. 

Unguentum  Antimomi  Tart  aiuz ati,  U.  an- 
timonii. 

Unguen'tum  Aquje  RosyE,  Ointment  of  Rose 
water,  Cold  cream  (An.  Rosx  ol.  amygdaL  ua  f. 
5ij;  cetacei,  S^ss;  cene  alba,  gj.  Melt,  together, 
in  a  water  bath,  the  oil,  spermaceti  and  wax; 
then  add  the  rose  water,  and  stir  until  it  is  cold. 
Ph.  U.  S.)     Cooling  to  irritated  surfaces. 

Unguentum  Armarium,  Hoplochrysma — u. 
Arthanitae,  see  Arthanita — u.  Articulare,  Syno- 
via— u.  Basilicon  flavum,  Ceratum  resinre—  u. 
Basilicon  nigrum,  Unguentum  resina:  nigrce— u. 


Basilicum  viride,  Unguentum  subacetatis  cupri 
- — u.  Cantharidis,  Unguentum  lyttaj — 0.  Cantha* 
rid  is,  Unguentum  lytta>. 

Unguen'tum  (Jetue,  (alba  vel  flavce)  Wac 
Ointment.  Unguentum  simplex,  Liitimen'tum 
simplex,  Oil  and  Bees'  Wax,  (F.)  Onguent  de 
cire.  (Cera,  ftj,  adipis  Ibiv.  Ph.  U.  S.  or — ceraz 
^ij,  ol.  oliv.  §v.)  Emollient.  A  mild  dress- 
ing. Also,  the  basis  of  most  of  the  compound 
ointments. 

Unguentum  Ceratum,  Ceratum  Galeni — u. 
Cerussa;,  Unguentum  oxidi  plumbi  albi,  Un- 
guentum plumbi  subcarbonatis — u.  Cerussa? 
acetatae, Ceratum  plumbi  superacetatis,U.  plum- 
bi superaceiatis — u.  Citrinum,  U.  de  althaa,  U. 
hydrargyri  nitratis. 

Unguentum  Ceta'cei,  Unguentum  Spe/ma- 
tis  Ceti,  U.  alburn,  Linimen'tum  album,  Sper- 
muce'ti  ointment,  (F.)  Onguent  de  blunc  de  ba- 
leine.  (Cetacei  gvj.cera  alboz gij.ol. oliv.  f.  giij. 
Ph.  L.)  The  ordinary  dressing  for  blisters  and 
excoriations. 

Unguen'tum  Cheaso'ti,  Ointment  of  Crea- 
sote.  (Creasot.  f.  gss ;  adipis,  gj.  Add  the  crea- 
sote  to  the  lard  previously  melted  with  a  mo- 
derate heat,  and  stir  constantly  till  cold.  Ph. 
U.  S.)     Used  in  chronic  cutaneous  affections. 

Unguentum  Cupri  Subacetatis,  Unguen- 
tum subacetatis  cupri. 

Unguentum  Digesti'vum  Simplex,  U.  Te- 
rebin'thinm  et  ovo'ruin  vitefli,  Simple  digestive 
ointment,  (F.)  Onguent  digestif  simple.  (Tere- 
binthin. pur.  (54  p.  Vitell.  over.  No.  2,  vel  32  p; 
Mix,  for  a  Jong  time,  in  a  glass  mortar,  and 
add,  gradually,  enough  of  the  Oil  of  Hype- 
ricum (Milkpertuis)  to  make  a  soft  ointment. 
Ph.  P.)  Detergent.  It  may  be  rendered  more 
so  by  the  addition  of  a  little  of  the  Acetate  of 
copper. 

Unguentum  Elemi,  Balsam  of  Arcanis,  Un- 
guentum elemi  coinpositum. 

Unguentum  El'emi  Compos'itum,  Linimen'- 
tum Arcafi,  Unguentum  c  gummi  elemi,  Ung. 
de  Tereliin'thina  et  Adip'ibus,  U.  elemi,  Oint- 
ment of  Elemi,  (F  )  Bourne  d'Arceus.  (Elemi 
Ibj,  terebintkinae  vulgaris  §x,  sevi  prsepnrati  Ibij, 
olivce  olei  f.  §ij.  Melt  the  elemi  with  the  suet; 
remove  it  from  the  fire;  and  mix  in  the  tur- 
pentine and  oil.  Strain  the  mixture  through  a 
linen  cloth,  Ph.  L.)  Stimulant  and  digestive. 
To  keep  open  issues,  &c. 

Unguentum  Epispas'ticum  de  Daphne  Gni- 
mo,  Adeps  Cor'tice  daphnes  gnid.ii  medica'tus, 
(F.)  Pommade  de  Garou.  (Adip.  prsepar.  320 
p.,  cera,  32  p.,  corl.  daphn.  gnid  12d  p.  Melt 
the  fat  and  wax;  and  add  the  bark  softened  in 
water.  Boil  until  the  moisture  is  evaporated \ 
then  pass  through  cloth.  Ph.  P.)  To  keep 
open  blisters,  issues,  &c.  See  Unguentum 
Mezerei. 

Unguentum  Epispasticum  Fortius,  Cerate  of 
cantharides — u.  Epispasticum  mitius,  Unguen- 
tum lytta; — u.  Epispasticum  viride,  Unguen- 
tum lyttre  medicatum — u.  Flavum,  Unguentum 
de  althreA—  u.  e  Gummi  elemi,  Unguentum 
compos'itum  —  u.  Ilellebori  albi,  Unguentum 
veratri. 

Unguentum  Gall«,  Ointment  of  Galls, 
(Callse  in  pulv.  ^j;  adipis,  gvij,  M.— Ph.  U.  S.) 
A.s  an  astringent  in  piles,  indolent  ulcers,  &c. 

Unguen'tum  Hydkak'gyri,  U.  cscru'lcum,  U. 
Neapolita'num,  Blue  ointment,  Cera'tum  mer- 
curiu'le,  Adeps  Hydrar' gyro  medica'tus,  Mcrcu- 


UNGUENTUM  HYDRARGYRI,  &c.   709     UNGUENTUM  LYTT^l,  &c. 


rial  Ointment,  Unction,  (F.)  Onguent  mercuriel 
ou  Napolituin. 

The  Strong  Mercurial  Ointment,  Unguentum 
lli/tlrurnryri  fortius  of  the  London  Pharmaco- 
poeia, Ungucrilum  Hydrar' gyri,  (Ph.  IT.  S.)  is 
thus  made —  Hydrurg.  purif.  ttjij,  adipis  prie- 
parat.  §xxiij,  sevi  prcep.  gj.  Rub  till  the  glo- 
bules entirely  disappear. 

The  Milder  Mercurial  Ointment, —  Unguentum 
Hydrargyri  Mitius, — is  made  by  adding,  to  one 
pound  of  the  strong  two  pounds  of  lard. 

Mercurial  ointment  is  antisy philitic  and  dis- 
cutient.  It  is  rubbed  on  the  inside  of  the  thigh, 
in  venereal  affections;  especially  in  those  cases 
where  mercury,  given  internally,  runs  off"  by 
the  bowels.  The  stronger  ointment  is  used  for 
this  purpose.  The  weaker  is  employed  as  a  dress- 
ing or  as  an  application  to  cutaneous  erup- 
tions. 

Unguentum  Hydrargyri  Ammoniati,  Un- 
guentum hydrargyri  prsecipitati  albi — u.  Hy- 
drargyri calcis  albae,  Unguentum  hydrargyri 
prsecipitati  albi — u.  Hydrargyri  compositum, 
Unnruentum  hydrargyri  nitratis— u.  Hydrar- 
o-yri  deutoxydi  nilrati,  Unguentum  hydrargyri 
nitrico-osydi — u.  ex  Hydrargyro  mitius  dictum 
cinereum,  Unguentum  oxydi  hydrargyri  cine- 
reum. 

Unguentum  Hydrargyri  Nitra'tis,  U.  H. 
nitrati,  U.  supernitra'tis  hydrargyri,  Ointment 
of  Nitrate  of  Mer'cury,  Citrine  Ointment,  Bal'- 
samurn  mercurials,  Ung.  hydrar' gyri  compos'- 
itum,  U.  mercurials  citrinum,  Adeps  nitra'te 
hydrargyri  medica'tus,  Unguentum  citrinum  ad 
scabicm,  (F.)  Ongnent  de  nitrate  de  rncrcure,  0. 
cilrin  contre  la  gale.  (Hydrarg.  §j,  acid  nitric, 
f.  5p:j,  olei  bubu/i,  f.  5ix  ;  adipis  giij.  Dissolve 
the  mercury  in  the  acid;  and,  while  hot,  add 
the  oil  and  melted  lard.— Ph.  U.  S.) 

A  milder  ointment — Ung.  Nitratis  Hydrar- 
gyri  mitius — is  made  with  triple  the  quantity  of 
oil  and  lard.  It  is  stimulant  and  detergent, 
and  is  much  used  as  an  application  to  herpes, 
porrigo,  and  cutaneous  eruptions.  The  weaker 
ointment  is  sometimes  used  in  ophthalmia 
tarsi,  &c. 

Unguentum  Hydrargyri  Nit'rico-oxydi, 
Ung.  subnilra'tis  hydrargyri,  Ung.  Oxydi  Hy- 
drargyri rubri,  U.  H.  oxidi  rubr.  (Ph.  U.  S.) 
Ointment  of  Nitric  Oxyd  of  Mercury,  But samum 
ophthat micum  rubrum,  Unguentum  deutox'ydi 
hydrarg.  nitrati,  Red  Precip'itate  Ointment, 
Golden  Ointment,  Singletons  Eye  Salve,  U.  Hy- 
drargyri rubri,  If.  ex  Hydrargyro  ox y da1  to  ru- 
bra, U.  mercurii  rubrum,  U.  ophfhalmicum  ru- 
brum, U.  subnilra'tis  hydrargyria!.  (Hydrarg. 
nitrico-oxyd.  §j,  Ung.  simpi  .^viij.  Add  the 
oxvd,  reduced  to  a  fine  powder,  to  the  melted 
ointment.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Stimulant  and  escha- 
rotic.  Applied  to  foul  ulcers,  to  inflammation 
of  the  tarsi,  &c.  &c. 

Unguentum  Hydrargyri  Oxidi  Rubri,  Un- 
guentum hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydi-u.  ex  Hy- 
drargyro oxydato  rubro,  Unguentum  hydrar- 
ffvri  nitrico-oxydi-u.  Hydrargyri  oxydi  rubri, 
Uninientum  hydrargyri  nitnco-oxydi. 

Unguentum  Hydrarg  tri  Pmoipjta'ti 
Ai.bi,  U.  Hydrar1  gyn  ammonia  ti,  (th.U.b.) 
U.  submuria'tis  hydrargyri  ammoniati,  Un- 
guentum ad  scabiem  Zelleri,  U  mercuna  le 
MwnUmundif'icans    Zelleri,    Ointment   of 


relate  precipitate,  Ung.  e  mercu'rio  prxcipitu'ia, 
Ung.  calcis  hydrargyri  albas  (Hi/d.  prsecip.  alb. 
Eh  adipis  suillas  seu  ung.  si'w/j/.giss.  Melt  the 
fat,  and  add  the  precipitate.)  Detergent.  Used 
in  cutaneous  eruptions,  to  destroy  vermin,  &c. 

Unguentum  Hydrargyri  Rubri,  Unguen- 
tum hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydi— u.  Hydrargyri 
submuriatis  ammoniati,  Unguentum  hydrar- 
gyri  prajcipitati   albi — u.  Hydrargyrici  subni- 

tratis,  Unguentum  hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydi 

u.  Hydrargyri  subnitratis,  Unguentum  hydrar- 
gyri nitrico-oxydi — u.  Hydrargyri  supernitratis, 
Unguentum  hydrargyri  nitratis — u.  Infusi  me- 
loes  vesicatorii,  Unguentum  lyttse— u.  Irritans, 
Unguentum  lyttae. 

Unguen'tum  Io'dini,  U.  Iodin'ii,  Ointment  of 
Iodine,  (Iodin.  gr.  xx;  alcohol,  m.  xx;  adipis,  ^j. 
Rub  the  iodine  first  with  the  alcohol  and  then 
with  the  lard  until  mixed.  Ph.  U.S.)  Used 
as  a  local  application  to  goitrous  and  other 
swellings. 

Unguentum  Io'dini  Compos'itum,  U.  Iodin'ii 
compositum,  Compound  Ointment  of  Iodine, 
(Iodin.  _^ss;  Potassii  iodid.,  gj;  Alcohol,  f.  gj; 
adipis  §!J.  Rub  the  iodine  and  iodide  first  with 
the  alcohol  and  then  with  the  lard  until  they 
are  well  mixed.     Ph.  U.  S.) 

Unguentum  Lau'rinum,  O'leum  lau'rinum, 
Adeps  lauro-medica'tus,  Bay  Ointment,  (F.)  On- 
guent  ou  Hitile  de  laurier.  (Fol.  lauri,  500  p., 
adip.  sidllae,  1000  p.  Bruise  in  a  marble  mor- 
tar; evaporate  all  humidity  by  boiling;  and  add 
Bay  berries,  in  powder,  500  p.  Digest  and  pass 
through  linen.  Ph.  P.)  Reputed  to  be  corro- 
borant and  nervine.     It  is  simply  emollient. 

Unguentum  Lenitivum,  Unguentum  de 
altheea — u.  Liliaceum,  Crinomyron. 

Unguentum  Lyttje,  Ung.  canthar'idis,  U.ve- 
sicuto'rium,  U.  irri'lans,  U.  ad  vesica! ta,  Blister- 
ing Salve,  Una-,  infa'si  mel'oes  vesicaio'rii,  Oint- 
ment of  Spanish  Flics,  Ointment  of  Infusion  of 
Spanish  Flies,  Unguentum  epispas' ticum  mi'tius, 
Milder  blis'tering  Ointment.  (Canlharid.  in 
pulv.  gij;  aquae  dcslillut.  Oss.  cerat.  resin,  gviij. 
Boil  down  the  water  with  the  Spanish  flies  to 
one  half,  and  strain;  then  mix  the  cerate  with 
the  strained  liquor,  and  evaporate  to  the  pro- 
per consistence.  Pit.  U.S.)  It  is  stimulant  and 
epispastic;  and  is  chiefly  used  for  keeping  up 
the  discharge  from  a  blistered  surface. 

Unguentum  Lytt/e  Meuica'tum,  Adeps  can- 
tharid'ibus  medica'tus,  Pomdtum  seu  Unguen- 
tum epispas' ticum  vir'ide  stimulans  ac'ribus, 
Green  blis'tering  Ointment,  (F.)  Pomrnade  epis- 
pastique  verte.  (Pomati.  vel  unguenti  cantharid. 
04  p.,  unguent,  populei  168  p.,  cerx  albas,  250  p., 
cupri  acetut.,  ext.  opii,  aa  24  p.  Melt  the  un- 
guentum populeum,  and  wax,  and  add,  as  they 
cool,  the  oxyd  of  copper,  cantharides,  and 
opium.     Ph.  P.)      Use,  same  as  the  last. 

Unguentum  Lyitte  Medica'tum  Aliud, 
Adeps  cantharid' ibus  medica'tus  alius,  Pornci'- 
tum  epispas' ticum  flavum  et  mitius,  Yellow  Blis- 
tering Ointment,  (F.)  Pomrnade  epispastique 
jaune.  (Pulv.  cantharid.  120  p.,  adip.  prsep. 
1080  p.,  aquas  250  p.  Melt  the  lard;  mix  the 
cantharides,  and  add  the  water  at  the  same 
time ;  place  the  whole  on  a  gentle  fire ;  stir  con- 
tinually for  two  hours,  and  add  a  little  water 
to  replace  that  which  has  been  evaporated. 
Pass  through  linen  and  strain.  Keep  it  in  a 
water  bath  and  add  powdered  turmeric,  8.  p. 


UNGUENTUM  MERCURIALE,  &c.      770         UNGUENTUM  SATURN1NUM 


Let  it  cool  till  the  superfluous  liquid  separates; 
pour  off  and  add  yellow  wax,  250  p.,  Oil  of 
Lemon,  8  p.  Ph.  P.)  A  complex  preparation. 
Use,  same  as  the  last. 

An  ointment,  not  very  philosophically  com- 
bined, was  used  by  Dr.  Physick,  which  is 
known  by  the  name  of  i: Dr.  Physick's  Issue 
Ointment.."  It  is  made  by  boiling  half  an  ounce 
of  powdered  cnntliarides  in  two  ounces  of  rose- 
water,  and  evaporating  until  one  half  of  the 
fluid  is  driven  off,  having  previously  added  15 
grains  of  tartar  emetic.  The  decoction  is  to  be 
strained,  and  three  ounces  of  olive  oil,  an  ounce 
and  a  half  of  white  wax,  and  one  ounce  of  sper- 
maceti added  to  it,  and  the  mixture  then  boiled 
till  all  the  water  is'evapoiated. 

Unguentum  Mercuriale  Album,  Unguen- 
tum  hydrargyri  pracipitati  albi — u.  Mercuriale 
citrinum,  Unguentum  hydrargyri  nitratis — u.  e 
Mercurio  praecipitato,  Unguentum  hydrargyri 
praecipitati  albi — u.  Mercurii  rubrum,  Unguen- 
tum hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydi — u.  Mundificans 
Zelleri,  Unguentum  hydrargyri  prsecipitati  albi. 
Unguentum  Meze'rei,  Ointment,  of  Mezereon. 
(Mezcr.  incis.  transversim,  ^iv;  adipis.  ,^xiv; 
cerse  albx  ^ij;  moisten  the  mezereon  with  a  lit- 
tle alcohol,  and  beat  in  an  iron  mortar,  until 
reduced  to  a  fibrous  mass;  then  digest  it  with 
the  lard,  in  a  salt  water  bath,  for  12  hours; 
strain  forcibly,  and  allow  the  strained  liquor  to 
cool  slowly,  so  that  any  undissolved  matters 
may  subside;  from  these  separate  the  medicated 
lard;  melt  it  with  the  wax  at  a  moderate  heat, 
and  stir  constantly  till  they  are  cold. — Ph.  U. 
S.)     To  keep  open  blisters,  issues,  &c. 

Unguentum  Muria'tis  Hvdrargyiu  Oxy- 
gena'to  Medica'tum,  Jldcps  muria'te  hydrar- 
gyri oxijgena'to  medicatus,  Cyrillo's  Ointment, 
(F.)  Pommade  de  Cyrillo.  (Hydrarg.  oxymur. 
4  p.  adipis  sui/lse  praep.  32  p.  Ph.  P.)  Antive- 
nereal  ancr-alterative.  Used  in  friction,  tjss  at 
a  time. 

Unguentum  NARDiNUM,see  Nardus  Indica — 
u.  Neapolitanum,  Unguentum  hydrargyri — u. 
Nervinum,  Unguentum  Sambuci — u.  Nitricum 
vel  oxygenatum,  Unguentum  acidi  nitrosi. 

Unguentum  Ophthal'micum,  Jldeps  ox'ido 
hydrargyri  rubra  et  plumbi  aceta'te  medica'tus. 
Regent's  Pommade  ophlhalmique,  (F.)  Pommade 
ophlhalmique.  (Butyr.  recent.,  aq.  rosar.  lavat. 
4§  p.,  camphor.,  oxycl.  hydrarg.  rubr.,  acetutis 
plumbi  aa  0-25  p.  Mix  intimately.  Ph.  P.)  In 
chronic  inflammation  of  the  conjunctiva  or  tarsi. 
Unguentum  Ophthalmicum,  Unguentum 
oxidi  zinci  impuri — u.  Ophthalmicum  rubrum, 
Unguentum  hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydi. 

Unguentum  Ox'idi  Hydrargyri  Cine'rei, 
Adeps  seu  Unguentum  ex  hydrargyro  mitius  dic- 
tum rinereum,  Ointment  of  gray  oxide  of  mercu- 
ry, (F.)  Onguent  gris.  (Oxyd.  hydrarg.  ciner.  p. 
j,  adipis  suillx,  p.  iij.  Ph.  E.)  Properties  like 
the  mercurial  ointment.  It  is  not  much  used. 
Unguentum  Ox'idi  Plumbi  Albi,  Ung.  ce- 
rus'sae,  Ung.  album,  Ung.  subaceta'tis  plumbi, 
Ointment  of  white  oxide  of  lead,  White  ointment. 
(  Ung.  simplicis,  p.  v.,  oxyd.  plumb,  alb.  p.  j.  Ph. 
E.fyP.)  Cooling  and  desiccative.  Applied  to 
excoriated  and  burnt  surfaces. 

Unguentum  Ox'idi  Zinci  Impu'ri,  Unguen- 
tum tu'tix,  Ung.  ophthalmicum,  Eye  Salve,  Jldcps 
ox'idi  zinci  medica'tus,  Tatty  ointment,  Ointment 
of  impure  oxide  of  zinc.  (Linim.  sinipl.  p.  v. 
oxyd.  zinc,  impur.  praep.,  p.  j.     Ph.  E.)     Gene- 


rally used  in  ophthalmia  tarsi  and  atonic  oph- 
thalmia. 

Unguentum  Picis  Lio.'um.'E,  Ung.  Picis,  Ung. 
e  Pice,  Tar  Ointment.  (Picis  liquid.,  sevi,  sing. 
Ifej.  Melt  and  stir  till  cold.)  Stimulant  and  de- 
terment. Used  in  tinea  capitis,  and  other  cuta- 
neous eruptions. 

Unguentum  Picis  Nigr.e,  Unguentum  resins 
nigra — u.  Acetatis  plumbi,  Ceratum  plumbi 
superacetatis — u.  Plumbici  carbonatis,  Unguen- 
tum plumbi  subcarbonatis — u.  Plumbi  carbo- 
natis, Unguentum  plumbi  subcarbonatis — u. 
Plumbi  oxydi  carbonati,  Unguentum  plumbi 
subcarbonatis — u.  Plumbi  subacetatis,  Unguen- 
tum oxidi  plumbi  albi. 

Unguentum  Plumbi  Subcarbona'tis,  U. 
Plumbi  Carbouu'tis,  Cera'tum.  de  Cerus'sd,  Ung. 
album,  U.  album  simplex,  U.  Carbona' lis  Plumbici, 
U.  Cerus'sse,  U.  Ox'ydi  Plumbi  Carbona 'ti,  (F.) 
Onguent  blanc  de  Rhazes,  O.  de  Cerusse,  0.  de 
Tornamira.  (Plumbi  Carbonat.  in  pulv.  subti- 
liss.  ^ij;  Unguent,  sinipl.  Ibj.  Add  the  carbo- 
nate of  lead  to  the  ointment  previously  softened 
over  a  gentle  fire,  and  mix. —  Ph.  U.S.)  Chiefly 
used  as  a  dressing  for  burns. 

Unguentum  Plumbi  Super,aceta'tis,  U. 
aceta'tis  plumbi,  Ointment  of  sugar  of  Lead,  Un- 
guentum Salurni'num,  U.  cerus'sse  aceta'tas,  Bui'- 
samum  universa'le.  (Olive  oil,  Ibss,  white  wax, 
^iss,  superacetate  of  lead,  gij.)  Cooling,  desic- 
cative. Called,  also,  Balsamum  Snhtrni'num, 
Buly'rum  Satur'ni,  Linimen'tum  plumba'tum, 
Poma'tum  satur'ni,  Ung.  triphar'macum. 

Unguentum  Popu'leum,  Adeps  papav'erP,,  hy- 
oscy'amo,  el  bdladon'na  medica'tus.  (Fresh  buds 
of  the  Populus  nigra,  500  p.,  macerated  in  adeps 
suilla  praep.  melted,  1500  p.  for  24  hours.  Pre- 
serve this.  Take  black  poppy  leaves,  bella- 
donna, hyoscyamus,  black  nightshade,  aa  123  p.; 
bruise  in  a  mortar  with  the  former  preparation; 
boil  until  all  the  humidity  is  evaporated,  and 
strain.  Ph.  P.)  Anodyne.  Applied  to  local 
inflammations,  hemorrhoids,  sore  nipples,  can- 
cer, &c.  Green  elder  ointment  is  often  sold 
for  this. 

Unguentum  Popui.eum,  see  Populus. 
Unguentum  Potas'sjE  Hydriodatis, Polassii 
lo'didi,  Ointment  of  Hydri'odale  of  Potass.  (Hy- 
driodate  of  potass  ^ss,  hog's  lard  ,^jss.)  Haifa 
drachm  of  this  ointment  is  rubbed  on  scrofulous 
glands,  goitre,  &c. 

Unguentum  Potassii  Iodidi,  Unguentum 
Potassce  Hydriodatis — u.  Pulvis  meloes  vesica- 
torii,  Cerate  of  cantharides — u..  Resins  flavae, 
Ceratum  resinae  flavaj. 

Unguentum  Resi'n;e  Nigr;e,  Ung.  resina 
nigrum,  Ung.  basil'icon  nigrum,  Ung.  tetra- 
pharm'acum,  Black  Basilicon,  Black  resin  oint- 
ment, Unguentum  picis  nigra.  (Resin,  nigr, 
cera  flava,  resinaz  ftav.  aa  ^ix,  olei  oliva:  Oj. 
Ph.  L.)  Uses,  the  same  as  the  Ceratum  resina 
or  Yellow  basilicon,  (q.  v.) 

Unguentum  Resin/e  Pini  Sylvestris  Com- 
positum,  Unguentum  de  althaea — u.  Resinosum, 
Ceratum  resinas  flavai — u.  Resumptivum,  Un- 
guentum de  althaea. 

Unguentum  Sameu'ci,  Ung.  sambu'einnm, 
Green  ointment,  Unguentum  nervinum,  Elder 
ointment,  (F.)  Onguent  de  surean.  (Sambuci 
for.  Ibij,  adipis  prcep.  Ibij.  Boil.  Ph.  L.  fy  D  ) 
Emollient. 

Unguentum  Saturninum, Unguentum  plumbi 
superacetatis — u.  Sabinee,  Ceratum  sabinnc — .u. 


UNGUENTUM  SIMPLEX 


771 


URACHUS 


ad  Scabiem  Zelleri,  Unguentum  hydrarcryri 
prtEcipitati  albi— u.  Simplex,  Ceratum  Galeni, 
Ungnentum  cerce—  u.  Solidutn  de  cicuta,  Era- 
plastrum  cicute—  u.Spermatisceti,  Unguentum 
cetacei. 

Unguentum  Simplex,  Unguentum  cera°. 
Unguentum  Stbamo'nii,  Ointment  of  Stramo'- 
nium.  (Stramon.  fol.  recent,  concis.  ifej;  Adipis 
Ibiij;  Circe  fnr<e  Ibss.  Boil  the  leaves  in  the 
lard  until  they  become  triable;  then  strain 
through  linen.  Add  the  wax  previously  melt- 
ed, and  stir  until  they  are  cold. — Ph.  U.  S.)  An 
anodyne  ointment  to  irritable  ulcers,  hemor- 
rhoids, &c. 

Unguentum  Subaceta'tis  Cupri,  U.  Cupri 
subacetu'tis,  Ung.  deter' gens.,  Ung.  basil'icum 
vir'ide,  Ung.aeru'ginis,  Bal'samum  vir'ide,  Oint- 
ment of  subacetute  of  copper,  Ver'digris  ointment. 
(Cupri  subacet.  in  pulv.  subtiliss.  ^j;  Ung.  simpl. 
Zxv.  Add  the  subacelate  to  the  ointment  pre- 
viously melted  with  a  moderate  heat,  and  stir 
till  cold. — Pit.  U.  S.)  Detergent  and  escha- 
rotic. 

Unguentum  Sul'phuris,  Ung.  e  Sulph'urS, 
Sulphur  ointment.  (Sulph.  sublim.  Ibj;  adip. 
prccp.  Ibij.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Used  chiefly  in  itch  and 
some  herpetic  affections. 

Unguentum  Sulphuiu3  Compos'itum,  Com- 
pound Sulphur  Ointment,  Itch  Ointment,  Un- 
guentum Antipsor'icum,  Jackson  s  Itch  Ointment, 
Pommnde  antipsorique  de  Jasser.  (Sulph.  sublim. 
Ibss,  veratri  rod.  contus.  5ij,  potassas  nitrat.  5J, 
suponis  mollis  Ibss.  Ph.L)  The  Unguentum 
Silphuris  Compositcm  of  the  Pharm.  U.  S. 
(1842)  is  made  as  follows:— Sulphur.  §j;  Hy- 
drargyri  ammoniat.,  Acid.  Benzoic,  aa  J5J ;  ol.  Ber- 
gamut.,  Acid,  sulphuric,  aa  f.  3J ;  Potasses  JVitrat. 
!jij;  adipis  Ibss.  To  the  melted  lard,  add  the 
other  ingredients,  and  stir  till  cold.  Use,  the 
same  as  the  last;  but  it  is  more  stimulating. 

Unguentum  Sulphura'tum  ad  Scabiem, 
Adeps  sul'phure  et  ammo'nias  muria'te  medica'- 
tus.  (Adipis,  120  p.,  sulph.  lot.  GO  p.,  ammonias 
muriat.,  aluminas  sulphat.  aa  4  p  ,  jiat  unguen- 
tum.    Ph.  P.)     Antipsoric. 

Bailey  s  Itch  Ointment  is  composed  of  olive 
oil,  lard,  nitre,  alum,  sulphate  of  zinc,  and 
cinnubar,  scented  with  oil  of  aniseed,  oil  of  ori- 
ganum, and  oil  of  spike,  and  coloured  with  al- 
kanet  root. 

Unguentum  Sulphura'tum  Alcali'num  ad 
Scabiem,  Adeps  sul'phure  et  carbona'tS  Potassx 
medico/ tus,  Hel'merick's  Alcaline.  Sulphu'rated 
Itch  Ointment.  (Adip.  prsep.  800  p.,  sulphur,  lot. 
200  p.,  carbonat.  potass,  pur.  100  p.,  fiat.  ung. 
Ph.  P.)     Use,  same  as  the  last. 

Bateman's  Itch  Ointment  resembles  this.  It  is 
coloured  with  cinnabar  and  scented  with  essence 
of  bergamot.  „ 

Unguentum  Susinum,  Crinomyron— u.  lar- 
tari  emetici,  U.  antimonii  tartanzati— u.  Tar- 
tari  stibiati,  U.  antimonii  tartanzati— u.  e  Tar- 
taro  stibiato,  U.  antimonii  tartanzati— u.  lar- 
tratis  potassiE  stibiati,  U.  antimonii  tartanzati— 
u.  de  Terebinthina  et  adipibus,  U.  elem.com- 
positum-u.  de  Terebinthina  et  cera  U.  de 
althaea— u.  Terebinlhinas  et  ovorum  vitelh,  U. 
digestivum  simplex-u.  Tetrapharmacnm,  Ba- 
Bilicon,  U.  resinre  nigrs-u.  Tripharmacuin,  U. 
plumb  snperaeetatis-u.  Tut.*,  U.  ox.d.  zinc, 
fmpuri-u.ad  Vesicata,  U.lytto-u.  ad  Vesica- 
toria  Cerate  of  cantbarides— u.  Ves.catonum, 
U.  ly'tttB — u.  Oxidi  zinci,  U.  zinci. 


Unguen'tum  Tab'aci,  Tobacco  Ointment, 
(Tabac.  recent,  concis.  §j;  Adipis,  Ibj.  Boil  thr 
tobacco  in  the  lard  over  a  gentle  fire  till  it  be- 
comes friable:  then  strain  through  linen. Pli 

U.  S.)     Applied  to  irritable  ulcers,  tinea   capi- 
tis, &c. 

Unguentum  Vera'tri,  Unguentum  heUeb'ori 
a/bi,  White  hellebore  ointment.  (Veratr.rad.  pulv. 
,^ij,  adipis  prsep.^vW).  olei  Union,  m.  xx.)  Used 
in  cases  of  itch,  where  sulphur  is  objected  to. 
It  is  not  equally  efficacious. 

The  principal  ingredients  in  the  Edinburgh 
Ointment  are  white  hellebore  and  muriate  of 
ammonia. 

Unguentum  Zinci,  Ung  ox'idi  zinci.  U.  Zirni 
Oxidi,  Zinc  Ointment.  (Zinci  oxyd.  ^j,  adipis' 
§vj.  Ph.  L.)  Use,  the  same  as  that  of  the  Un- 
guentum tutias. 

Unguentum  Zinci  Oxidi,  U.  zinci. 

UNGUIS,  Hippocampus  minor,  Nail,  Ptery- 
gion — u.  Odoratus,  Blatta,  Byzantia. 

Unguis,  Os,  Os  lachryma'le.  A  small,  quadri- 
lateral, very  thin,  and  semi-transparent  bone, 
which  has  been  compared  to  a  human  nail,  and 
is  situate  at  the  anterior  and  inner  part  of  the 
orbit.  It  aids  in  the  formation  of  the  lachry- 
mal gutter  and  the  nasal  duct.  It  is  articulated 
with  the  frontal,  superior  maxillary,  ethmoid, 
and  the  inferior  spongy  bones,  and  is  developed 
by  a  single  punctum  ossificationis. 

UNITING  BANDAGE,  (F.)  Bandage  urtis- 
sant.  A  bandage  for  bringing  the  edges  of  a 
wound  into  approximation.  The  arrangement 
of  such  a  bandage  differs  according  as  the 
wound  is  transverse  or  longitudinal. 

UNGULA  CABALLINA,  Tussilago. 

UNGUIS  PALPEBRARUM,  see  Tarsus. 

UNIO,  Pearl. 

UNIOCULUS,  Cyclops. 

UNISE'MA  DELTIFO'LIA,  Pontedo'ria  cor- 
dalta,  Shovel  Pickerelweed,  Pond  Shovel,  Shovei 
leaf,  Water  Plantain.  An  indigenous  plant,  Sex. 
Sysl.  Hexandria  Mnnogynia,  which  grows  in 
water,  and  flowers  from  June  to  August.  The 
root  is  emollient  and  astringent. 

UNOCULUS,  Borgne,  Cyclops. 

UNWELL  (Being,)  Menstruation. 

UPAS.  A  word  used  in  the  Archipelagos 
of  Molucca  and  Sunda,  and  signifying  Vege- 
table Poison,  Ipo,  Bohon  Upas,  Boa  Upas,  and 
Pohon  Antiar,  Boon  Upas.  A  substance  used 
by  the  natives  of  those  places  for  poisoning 
their  arrows.  The  smallest  quantity  is  capable 
of  destroying  the  largest  animal.  The  tree, 
which  produces  it,  is  said  to  be  the  Antia'ris 
Toxica' ria.  Another  species  of  upas,  the  U. 
Tieute,  is  the  produce  of  a  Strychnos.  Many 
idle  stories  are  told  regarding  the  upas;  most 
of  which  are  fabulous. 

U'RACHUS,  Uracus,  Urinac'ulum,  from 
oug ov,  '  urine,'  and  e^w,  '1  contain.'  (F.)  Ou- 
raque.  The  urachus,  in  certain  animals,  is  a 
long  membranous  canal,  which  arises  from  the 
bladder,  makes  its  exit  from  the  abdomen  by 
the  umbilicus,  and  terminates  in  the  pouch 
called  allantois.  According  to  Sabatier,  this  is 
the  arrangement  of  the  urachus  in  the  human 
fostus;  but  Bichat  and  other  anatomists  con- 
sider, that  when  the  canal  exists  in  it,  it  is  a 
malformation.  They  regard  it  as  a  kind  of 
suspensory  ligament  of  the  bladder,  extending 
from  the  top  of  that  organ  to  the  umbilicus;  and, 


URACRATIA 


?72 


URETHRORRHCEA 


the   umbilicus,  confounded   with  the  abdo- 
Di  inal  aponeuroses. 

URACRATIA,  Enuresis. 
URACUS,  Urachus. 
URANA,  Ureter. 
URANE,  Urinal. 

URANISCOPLASTICE,    from    ovrxxvta-xog, 
'the  roof  of  the  mouth,'  and  tikccotikz?,  '  form- 
ing.'    The  operation  of  engrafting  in  case  of 
deficiency  of  the  soft  palate. 
URANISCOS,  Palate. 
URANISKORRHAPHIA,  Staphyloraphy. 
URANORRHAPHY,  Staphyloraphy. 
URAS,  Urate. 

URATE,  Uras,  Litltale,  Lithas ,-  from  oy^or, 
'  urine.'  A  generic  name  for  salts,  formed  by 
the  combination  of  uric  or  lithic  acid  with  dif- 
ferent bases. 

Urate  or  Lithate  of  Soda  is  found  in  ar- 
thritic calculi:  —  Urate  or  Litkate  of  Ammo'nia 
in  some  urinary  calculi. 

URE'A,  Uren,  Urcriium,  U'ricum,  (F.)  Uric. 
Same  etymon.  A  white,  pearly,  brilliant  sub- 
stance, in  transparent  plates,  inodorous,  and  of 
a  cool  taste;  very  soluble  in  water;  deliques- 
cent, and  soluble  in  alcohol.  It  exists,  in  great 
quantity,  in  the  urine;  and  is  an  essential  part 
of  it.  It  has  been  used  as  a  diuretic.  Dose, 
gr.  xv  to  5J- 

UREC'CHYSIS,  Urecliysis,ftom  ovoov,  'urine, 
and  tK^viris,  'effusion.'     Effusion  of  urine  into 
the  cellular  membrane. 
UREDO,  Urticaria. 
URUE.  Urea. 
UREMA,  Urine. 
UREN,  Urea. 
URENIUM,  Urea. 

URE'SIS,  Uri'asis,  from  ovqtiv, '  to  void  the 
urine.'     The  act  of  passing  the  urine. 

URETER.  Same  etymon.  U'rana,  Vena 
alba  rtnum,  Cana'lis  ncr'veus  fistulo'sus  renurn, 
Ductus  seu  Due  tor  Vri'nge,  Vas  urina'rium,  (F.) 
Ureter  e.  A  long,  excretory  canal — membranous 
and  cylindrical  — which  conveys  the  urine  from 
the  kidney  to  the  bladder.  It  extends,  obliquely, 
between  the  pelvis  of  the  kidney,  with  which 
it  is  continuous,  and  the  Bus  fond  of  the  blad- 
der, into  which  it  opens.  It  enters  at  the  pos- 
terior and  inferior  part,  for  some  distance,  be- 
tween the  coats,  and  opens  into  the  cavity  of 
the  bladder,  at  the  posterior  angle  of  the  Tri- 
gone vesical.  The  ureter  is  formed  of  an  exte- 
rior, white,  opake,  and  fibrous  membrane;  and 
of  an  inner,  which  is  mucous. 

URETERAL'GIA,  from  oi^j;t>;o,  'the  ure- 
ter,' and  aHyo?,  'pain.'  Pain  in  the  course  of 
the  ureter. 

URET&RE,  Ureter. 

URbTER'ICUS.  An  epithet  for  ischury, 
&c.  arising  from  an  affection  of  the  ureter. 

URETERITIS.  Inflammation  of  the  ureter. 
Generally  caused  by  calculus. 

URETERO-LITH'ICUS,  from  ovojjTtjQ,  'the 
ureter,'  and  Xi&og,  'a  stone.'  An  epithet  ap- 
plied to  ischury  or  other  affection  caused  by  a 
stone  in  the  ureter. 

URETERO-PHLEGMAT'ICUS,  from  ovqv- 
TtjQ,  'the  ureter,'  and  ipl-typa,  '  phlegm  or  mu- 
cus.' Any  affection  caused  by  mucus  accumu- 
lated in  the  ureter. 

URETERO-PY'ICUS,  from  o-jgijT^,  'the 
ureter,'  and  nvov,  '  pus.'     An  epithet  applied 


to  affections  caused  by  the  presence  of  pus  in 
the  ureter. 

URETERO-STOMAT'ICUS,  from  ovat^o, 
'the  ureter,'  and  a-rop*,  'orifice.'  That  which 
is  dependent  upon  obstruction  of  the  orifice  of 

the  ureter.  .. 

URETERO-THROMBOI'DES,  from  ovntj- 
rtjo,  'the  ureter,'  eqorfog,  'grumous  blood,'  and 
ttSog,  'resemblance.'  Ischury,  from  grumous 
blood  in  the  ureter. 

URETHRA,  ouq>i&ii<x,   Cana'lis  seu  Mea'tus 
seu  Ductus  urina'rius,  Urias,  Ure'tra,  Fis'tula 
urina'ria,  Iter  urina'rium;  (F.)  Urethrc,  Uretre, 
from  ovqov,  'urine.'      The  excretory  duct  for 
the  urine,  in  both  sexes;  and  for  the  sperm,  in 
man.     In  the  latter,  it  is  10  or  12  inches  long; 
and  extends  from   the  neck  of  the  bladder  to 
the  extremity  of  the  penis,  in  which  its  exter- 
nal aperture   is  situate.     In  the  male   urethra, 
three  portions  are  distinguished:— I.  A  Prosta- 
tic portion,  near  the  bladder,  about  an  inch  and 
a  quarter  in  length,  which  traverses  the  pros- 
tate gland :— 2.  A  membranous  portion,  from  8 
to  10  lines  long,  which  is  separated  from  the 
rectum    by    the    cellular    tissue    only:— 3.    A 
spongy  portion,  which  expands,  anteriorly,  to 
form"  the  glans,  and  which  commences  at  the 
bulb  of  lite  urethra.     Before  opening  externally, 
the  canal  has  a  dilatation,  called  the  Fossa  or 
Fossicula  naviculars.     On  the  interior  of  the 
urethra  two  while   lines  are  perceptible— the 
one  above,  the  other  below.     The  latter  com- 
mences at  the  verumontanum ;  and  at  the  sur- 
face of  this,  the  ejaculalory  ducts  and  prostatic 
ducts  open.    The  urethra  is  lined,  in  its  whole 
extent,  by  a  mucous  membrane;  on  which  are 
seen,  particularly  at  the  bulb,  the  orifices  of  a 
number  of  follicular  ducts,  called   Sinuses  of 
Morgagni.     The  arteries  of  the  urethra  are  nu- 
merous, and  proceed  from  the  internal  pudic,— 
the  largest  branches  entering  the  bulb.    The 
veins  follow  the  course   of  the  arteries.    The 
lymphatics  pass  into  the  inguinal  and  hypogas- 
tric plexuses.    The  nerves  come  from  the  pudic 
and  gluteal.     In  [he  female,  the  urethra  is  only 
about  an  inch  long.     It  is  wider  than  in  man, 
and  susceptible  of  great  dilatation.     It  is  very 
wide  at  its  commencement;  and  descends  ob- 
liquely forwards,  to  terminate  at  the  top  of  the 
external  aperture  of  the  vagina  by  the  mea'tus 
urina'rius.     In  its  course,  it  is  slightly  curved, 
the  concavity  being  forwards. 

Urethra,  Blind  Ducts  of  the,  see  Csecus 
— u.  Mucous  lacunoe  of  the,  see  Csecus. 
URETHRALGIA,  Gonorrhoea. 
URkTHRE,  Urethra. 
URETHRITIS,  Gonorrhoea. 
URETHRO-H^EMORRHAGIA,  Urethror- 
rhagia. 

URETHROPHRAX'IS,  from  ovQn&na,  'the 
urethra,'  and  (poao-s-io,  'I  obstruct.'  Obstruction 
of  the  urethra. 

U  RE  T  H  ROPLASTIC,  Urcihroplas'ticus; 
from  ouQijdQa,  'the  urethra,'  and  7i/.u<rcrv>,  '1 
form.'  An  epithet  given  to  the  operation  which 
supplies  defects  in  the  canal  of  the  urethra, 
through  which  the  urethra  escapes. 

U  RETHRORRHA'GIA,  Urethro-hscmorrha"  - 

via,  from  ovqrftqa, ' the  urethra,'  and  ni.ywy-i, 

<I  break  out/    Hemorrhage  from  the  urethra.— 

Frank. 

URETHRORRHCE'A,  from   ovq^qu,  'the 


URETHROTOME 


773 


URINE 


urethra,'  and  qua,  '  I  flow.'     A  discharge  from 
the  urethra. 

URETHROTOME,  from  ouo^o,  'the  ure- 
thra,' and  Tf/uvio,  '  I  cut.'  An  instrument,  so 
called  by  Le  Cat,  with  which  he  divided  the 
skin,  and  laid  open  the  urethra,  in  the  opera- 
tion for  lithotomy.  Also,  an  instrument  for 
dividing  structures  of  the  urethra. 

URETHROT'OMY,  Urethrotom'ia ,-  same 
etymon.  An  operation,  which  consists  in  open- 
ing the  urethra  for  the  removal  of  stricture. 
See  Boutonniere. 

URETHRYMENO'DES,  from  ovq^qcc,  'the 
urethra,'  and  'v/itjv,  'a  membrane.'  That 
which  is  caused  by  a  membrane  formed  in  the 
urethra. 

URETICUS,  Diuretic,  Urinary. 

URETRA,  Urethra. 

URETRE,  Urethra. 

URETR1S,  Urinal. 

UR1AS,  Urethra. 

URIASIS,  Lithia,  Uresis. 

URIC  A'CID,  Acidum  U'ricum,  Lithic  Jlcid, 
.icidiim  lilliicum.  An  acid  which  exists  in  hu- 
man urine,  and  which  constitutes  the  greater 
part  of  urinary  calculi.  It  is  often  deposited 
from  the  urine  in  health.  See  Calculi,  Uri- 
nary. 

URICUM,  Urea. 

UR1CUS,  Urinary. 

URINA  GENITALIS,  Sperm— u.  Mucosa, 
Cystirrhcsa— u.  Polus,  see  Urine— u.  Sanguinis, 
see  Urine — u.  Vaccee,  Urine,  cow's. 

URINACULUM,  Urachus.  Urinal. 

URliNLE  PROFLUVIUM,  Diabetes— u.  Sup- 
pressio,  Ischuria— u.  Stillicidium,  Strangury — 
u.  Substillum,  Strangury. 

U'RINAL,  Urinato'rium,  Chernib'ium,  U'rane, 
Ure'tris,  Urinac'ulum,  Urodochium,  Uratra'- 
cium,  Matra'cium,  Mat' via;  from  urina, '  urine.' 
A  name  given,  1.  To  certain  vessels,  used  to 
pass  the  urine  into.  2.  To  reservoirs  of  differ- 
ent shapes  and  character,  which  are  adapted  to 
the  penis,  in  cases  of  incontinence  of  urine,  and 
which  are  intended  to  receive  the  urine  as  it 
flows  off. 

URINARIA,  Antirhinum  linaria,  Leontodon 
taraxacum. 

TJ'RINARY,  Urina'rius,  U'ricus,  Uret'icus. 
Same  etymon.    That  which  relates  to  the  urine. 

Urinary  Bladder,  Vesica  Urina' ria,  Cystis, 
(F.)  Vcssie.  A  musculo-membranous  reser- 
voir, intended  for  the  reception  of  the  urine, 
until  the  accumulation  of  a  certain  quantity 
solicits  its  excretion.  The  bladder  is  situate  in 
the  hypogastric  region,  between  the  rectum 
and  pubis,  in  man;  and  between  the  pubis  and 
vatrina,  in  the  female.  Its  upper  region  is  not 
covered,  except  by  the  peritoneum  posteriorly. 
From  its  centre  arises  the  urachus.  Its  lower 
region  is  bounded,  anteriorly,  by  the  prostate, 
in  man;  and  rests  on  the  vesical*  seminales 
and  rectum.  In  the  female,  it  corresponds  to 
the  vagina.  The  lowest  portion  of  this  region 
bears  the  name  Bos-fond.  The  anterior  sur- 
face of  the  oraan  is  not  covered  by  peritoneum, 
tls  attached  to  the  symphysis  pubis  by  a  fibre 
cellular  expansion  called  the  anterior  hgament. 
The  posterior  ligaments  are  duplicates  of  the 
ine  positri;      b  .        urface    which  ex- 

SSftS.  thS  sur&fto  the  rectum    in  the 
male,  and  to  the  uterus,  in  the   female.     I  he 


bladder  is  composed  of  a  serous  membrane, 
formed  by  the  peritoneum; — of  a  muscular 
membrane;  of  a  somewhat  thick  layer  of  cel- 
lular tissue;  and  is  lined,  on  its  inner  surface 
by  a  mucous  membrane,  which  is,  sometimes, 
raised  up,  here  and  there,  in  long  prominences 
or  columns  by  the  muscular  fibres  beneath.  To 
this  condition,  the  French  anatomists  give  the 
term — vessie  a  colonnes.  In  the  Bus-fond  the 
two  ureters  open,  and  the  urethra  commences; 
and  the  triangular  space,  which  the  apertures 
of  these  three  canals  leave  between  them,  is 
called,  by  the  French,  the  Trigone  vesical  or 
Vesical  Triangle,  Trigo'nus  Lieutau'di.  In  the 
orifice  of  the  urethra,  which  is  also  called  the 
neck  of  the  bladder,  there  is,  at  its  lower  part, 
a  more  or  less  prominent  tubercle,  which  is 
formed  by  the  anterior  angle  of  the  Trigone 
vesical,  and  is  called  the  Vesical  uvula,  (F.) 
Luette  vesicale. 

The  arteries  of  the  bladder  proceed  from  the 
hypogastric,  umbilical,  sciatic,  middle  hemor- 
rhoidal, and  internal  pudic.  Its  veins,  which 
are  more  numerous  than  the  arteries,  open  into 
the  hypogastric  venous  plexus.  Its  nerves 
emanate  from  the  sciatic  and  hypogastric  plex- 
uses; and  its  lymphatic  vessels  pass  into  the 
hypogastric  ganglia. 

Urinary  Calculi.  The  calculi,  which  form 
in  the  urinary  passages.  See  Calculi,  Urinary. 
Urinary  Passages,  (F.)  Voies  urinaires. 
The  aggregate  of  canals  and  cavities,  intended 
to  contain  the  urine  and  convey  it  externally. 
These  loays  are  composed  of  excretory  ducts, 
which  form  the  tubular  portion  of  the  kidney; 
of  calices;  pelvis;  ureters;  bladder;  and  urethra. 
URINATORIUM,  Urinal. 
URINE,  Urina,  U'ron,  Ure'ma,  Lo'lium,  Lot, 
Lapis  au'reus.  An  excrementitial  fluid;  se- 
creted by  the  cortical  part  of  the  kidney;  fil- 
tered through  the  tubular  portion;  poured  gut- 
tatim  from  the  apices  of  the  tubular  papilla? 
into  the  pelvis  of  the  kidney;  and  transmitted 
by  it  to  the  ureters;  which  convey  it  slowly, 
but  in  a  continuous  manner,  into  the  bladder, 
where  it  remains  deposited,  until  its  accumula- 
tion excites  a  desire  to  void  it.  The  excretion 
of  the  fluid  takes  place  through  the  urethra; 
and  is  caused  by  the  action  of  the  abdominal 
muscles  and  diaphragm,  and  the  contraction 
of  the  fibrous  coat  of  the  bladder.  Urine  is 
transparent;  of  a  citron-yellow  colour;  of  a 
peculiar  odour,  and  of  an  acid,  saline,  and 
slightly  bitter  taste.  That  which  is  passed  some 
time  after  taking  fluid  is  less  coloured,  and  less 
odorous  and  dense  than  that  which  is  voided  7 
or  8  hours  after  eating.  The  first  is  the  Urina 
potus,(F.)  Urine  de  la  Boisson,  Urine  from  drink: — 
the  latter  Urina  san'guinis,  (F.)  Urine  de  la  di- 
gestion, Urine  de  la  coction,  Urine  cuite,  Coctcd 
urine,  Urine  of  digestion.  According  to  the 
analysis  of  Berzelius,  urine  contains,  in  1000 
parts,  933  of  water,  30.10  of  urea,  3.71  of  sul- 
phate of  potass,  3.1b'  of  sulphate  of  soda,  2.94  of 
phosphate  of  soda,  4.45  of  chloride  of  sodium, 
1.(55  of  phosphate  of  ammonia,  150  of  muriate  of 
ammonia,  17.15  of  free  lactic  acid,  lactate  of 
ammonia  united  with  an  animal  matter  soluble 
in  alcohol  and  an  animal  matter  insoluble  in 
that  agent:— 1.00  of  earthy  phosphate,  with  an 
atom  of  lime,  1 .00  of  uric  acid,  0.32  of  mucus  of 
the  bladder,  and  0.03  of  silica.  There  are  found 
in  it,  moreover,  albumen,  sulphur,  &c.     Its 


URINE,  BLOODY 


774 


URODYNIA 


average  specific  gravity  is  about  1.015.  The 
quantity  pnssed  by  the  adult  in  the  24  hours 
varies  On  the  average  it  may  amount  to  two 
pounds  and  a  half.  Sometimes,  the  urine,  in 
health  and  disease,  exhibits  appearances,  that 
have  received  special  names.  Thus,  that  which 
is  characterized  by  a  deficiency  of  solid  matters 
generally,  has  been  called  Hydruria,  (vdwo, 
'  water,')  by  a  deficiency  of  urea,  Anazotu 'ria , 
(ar,  privative,  and  azote,)  by  a  superabundance 
of  urea,  Azotu'ria.  Urine,  in  which  the  depo- 
site  consists  of  lithic  acid,  and  the  lithates,  has 
been  termed  Lilliu'ria;  and  that  in  which  the 
deposite  consists  of  the  earthy  and  earthy-alka- 
line phosphates,  Ceramuria,  xiouuog,  '  potter's 
earth,'  &c.  &c.  At  times,  a  pellicle  forms  on 
the  surface  (Cremor  vrinai)  which  consists  of 
mucus  and  some  salts:  at  others,  there  is  a 
cloud,  (Nuoec'ula,  nubes)  towards  its  upper  part, 
which  is  called  Enseore'ma  when  it  is  sus- 
pended, as  it  were,  about  the  middle  of  the 
liquid.  Occasionally,  there  is.  a  sediment,  to 
which  the  names  Hijpos'lasis,  Sediment  am,  &c. 
have  been  given.  (See  these  various  words.) 
The  urine  is  often  deserving  of  attention  in  dis- 
ease; but  it  has  been  considered  a  matter  of 
more  importance  than  it  merits.  Some  em- 
pirics have  presumed  to  pronounce  on  the 
nature  of  a  disease  by  simply  inspecting  it. 
See  Uroscopy.  Human  urine  was,  at  one  time, 
considered  aperient;  and  was  given  in  jaundice, 
in  the  dose  of  one  or  two  ounces.  Cow's  Urine, 
Urina  Vaccse,  Alljlower  water,  was  once  used, 
warm  from  the  cow,  as  a  purge,  in  the  dose  of 
Oss. 

Urine  has  been  variously  designated  by  pa- 
thologists, according  to  its  appearance,  &c, 
for  example ; — 

Urine,  Bloody,  Haematuria. 

Urine,  Crude,  (F.)  Urine  true.  Urine  that 
is  thin,  transparent,  and  but  little  coloured, 
affording  neither  cloud  nor  deposite. 

Urine,  Cystinic,  Cijstinu'ria.  Urine  con- 
taining cystine  or  cystic  oxide  in  solution,  or 
as  a  deposite. 

Urine,  Diabet'ic,  Mslitu'ria.  Urine  passed 
in  Diabetes  mellitus.  It  contains  a  large  quan- 
tity of  sugar  analogous  to  that  of  the  grape, 
which  may  be  separated  in  the  form  of  crystals. 
In  other  respects,  the  urine  is  very  abundant 
and  very  limpid  in  that  affection. 

Urine,  Drop'sical,  is  an  ammoniacal  urine, 
often  containing  much  albumen  and  scarcely 
any  urea. 

Urine,  Dyspep'tic,  has  been  found  to  precipi- 
tate tannin  abundantly,  and  to  soon  putrefy. 

Urine,  Floc'culknt,  (F.)  Urine  jloconneuse, 
is  when  the  fluid  is  troubled  by  flocculi,  sus- 
pended in  it. 

Urine,  Gouty,  (F.)  Urine  des  goutteux,  con- 
tains much  phosphate  of  lime,  and,  after  severe 
attacks  of  gout,  precipitates  a  mixture  of  the 
uric  and  rosacic  acids. 

Urine,  Hyster'ical,  is  clear,  colourless,  and 
similar  to  the  Urine  de  la  Buisson. 

Urine,  Icter'ical,  contains  bile. 

Urine  of  Inflammatory  Diseases.  This 
is,  generally,  small  in  quantity,  and  very  high- 
coloured. 

URINE  JUMENTEUSE,  (F.)  A  term  used, 
by  the  French,  for  ammoniacal  urine,  rendered 
turbid  by  a  substance  similar  to  small  grains  of 


dust,  which  causes  it  to  resemble  the  urine  of 
herbivorous  animals. 

Urine,  Milky,  (F«)  Urine  lactescente  ou  lai- 
teuse.     White  and  troubled  urine. 

Urine,  Mucilao"inoos,  (F.)  Urine  epaisse. 
Urine  containing  much  mucus. 

Urine,  Nervous.  Thin  and  very  liquid  urine; 
such  as  is  passed  shortly  after  the  attack  of  ner- 
vous diseases. 

Urine  of  Nervous  Fevers  is  generally  very 
thin;  and  often  deposites  a  mixture  of  uric  and 
rosacic  acids. 

Urine,  Oily,  (F.)  Urine  huileuse,  is  that 
which  pours  like  oil,  or  which  has  an  oily  pel- 
licle at  its  surface. 

Urine,  Oxalic,  Oxalu'ria.  Urine  containing 
a  salt  of  the  oxalic  acid. 

Urine,  Phosphorescent,  Phospkoru'  ria. 
Urine,  which  is  luminous  or  phosphorescent. 

Urine,  Pur'puric,  Porphururia.  Urine  con- 
taining purpuric  acid  and  its  salts. 

Urine,  Ricr'ety,  contains  much  phosphate  of 
lime. 

Urine,  Thin.  (F.)  UrineHnue.  Urine  that  is 
transparent,  slightly  coloured,  and  but  little 
dense. 

URINE  ARDENTE,  Ardent  urine-w.  de  la 
Boisson,  Urine,  hysterical,  see  Urine — u.  de  la 
Coclion,  see  Urine — u.  Crue,  Urine,  crude— u. 
Quite,  see  Urine— u.  de  la  Digestion,  see  Urine 
— u.  Epaisse,  Urine,  mucilaginous — u.  Flocon- 
neuse, Urine, flocculent — u.  des  Goutteux,  Urine, 
gouty — u.  Huileuse,  Urine,  oily — u.  Inconti- 
nence of,  Enuresis — u.  Involuntary  discharge 
of,  Enuresis  —  u.  Lactescente,  U.  milky  —  u. 
Laiteuse,  Urine,  milky  —  u.  Sandy,  Arenosa 
urina —  u.  Stoppage  of,  Ischuria  —  u.  Tinue, 
Urine,  thin. 

URINIF'EROUS,  Urinifer,  from  ovqov, 
'  urine,'  and  <r>sou>,  '  1  carry.'  That  which  car- 
ries urine. 

Urinif'erous  Tubes  or  Ducts  of  Belli'ni, 
Tu'buli  vel  duc'tus  urinifcri  Belli'ni,  Bcllmia'- 
ni  Ductus,  Bellenia' nse  Fis'tulse,  are  the  collec- 
tion of  small  tubes,  converging  from  the  cortical 
part  of  the  kidney  to  the  apices  of  the  papills. 

URINODES,  Urinous. 

URINOM'ETER,  from  ouoov,  'urine,'  and 
/tiernor,  '  measure.'  A  hydrometer  for  taking 
the  specific  gravity  of  urine. 

U'RINOUS,  Urino'sus,  Urino'dcs.  Having  the 
character  of  urine.     Similar  to  urine. 

UROCRASIA,  Enuresis. 

UROCRIS'IA,  from  ouoor,  'urine,'  and  xgirw, 
'I  judge.'  Urocritc'rion.  A  judgment  formed 
either  of  the  urine,  or  of  disease  alter  inspecting 
the  urine. 

U  ROC  RITE  RION,  Urocrisia. 

UROCYSTITIS,  Cystitis. 

URODIAL'YSIS,  from  ovoov,  'urine,'  and 
Staivatg,  'dissolution,  loss  of  strength.'  A  par- 
tial and  temporary  suspension  of  the  function 
of  the  kidney,  such  as  occurs  in  the  course  of 
most  acute  diseases.  A  condition  of  the  function 
of  the  kidney  and  of  the  urine,  similar  to  that 
observed  in  acute  diseases,  but  without  local 
mischief  or  preceding  inflammatory  fever,  has 
been  termed,  when  occurring  in  children,  Uro- 
dial'ysis  Neonatorum;  in  the  aged,  Urodialysis 
Scnnm. — Schonlein. 

URODOCHIUM,  Urinal. 

URODYN'IA,  from  ovqov,  '  urine,'  and  o8wv, 
'  pain.'     Pain  during  the  excretion  of  the  urine. 


UROLITHI 


775 


UTERUS 


UROLITHI,  Calculi,  urinary. 
UROLITHIASIS,  Lilhia. 


UROLITHOLOG"IA;   from    ovqov,  'urine,' 
ijfloj,  'a  stone,'  and  Xoyo?, '  a  description.'     A 
description  of  urinary  calculi. 
UROLITHOTOMIA,  Lithotomy. 
UROMANTl'A,   from    ovqov,   'urine,'    and 
ftarrua,  '  divination.'     The  art  of  divining  dis- 
eases by  simple  inspection  of  the  urine.     Uro- 
scop'ia.     One  professing  to  be  able  to  do  this  is 
called  Uroman'tes. 
URON,  Urine. 

URONOL'OGY,    Uronolog"ia,   from   ovqov, 
'urine,'  and  koyog,  'a  description.'     The  part 
of  medicine  which  treats  of  the  urine. 
UROPYGION,  Coccyx. 
UROPYGIUM,  Croupion. 
URORRHAGIA,  Diabetes. 
URORRHCEA,  Enuresis,  Diabetes. 
UROSCOPIA,  see  Uromantia. 
URO'SES,  from  ovqov,  '  urine.'     Diseases  of 
the  urinary  organs. — Alibert. 

URTI'CA,  V.  Dioica,-  U.  major,  the  Common 
stinging  nettle,  Adice,  (F.)  Ortie.  Family, 
•Urticete.  Sex.  Syst.  Moncecia  Tetrandria.  This 
plant  has  been  long  used  for  medical  and  cu- 
linary purposes.  The  young  shoots,  in  the 
spring,  are  considered  to  possess  diuretic  and 
antiscorbutic  properties. 

Urtica  Dioica,  Urtica — u.  Iners  magna 
foDtidissima,  Galeopsis — u.  Major,  U.  dioica — 
u.  Minor,  U.  urens — u.Mortua,  Lamium  album. 
Urtica  Pilulif'era,  Pill-bearing  Kettle.  U. 
Pitulo'sa,  U.Roma' na,  (F.)  Ortie  Romaine.  The 
seed  was  formerly  given  in  diseases  of  the  chest. 
Nettles  have  been  used  as  stimulants  to  para- 
lytic limbs. 

Urtica  Pilulosa,U.  pilulifera — u.  Roman,  U. 
pilulifera. 

Urtica  Urens,  U.  minor,  Dwarf  nettle,  (F.) 
Ortie  brulante.  A  lesser  variety  of  the  nettle, 
possessing  similar  virtues. 
URTICAIRE,  Urticaria. 
URTICA'RIA,  from  urtica,  'a  nettle.'  Enan- 
the' sis  urtica' ria,  Ure'do,  Scarlati'na  urtica' ta, 
Urtica' ria  porcella'na,  Exanthe'ma  urtica' turn, 
Epinyc'tis  prurigino'sa,  Febris  urtica'ta,  Pur'- 
pura  urticata.  Febris  rubra  prurigino'sa,  Saltans 
rosa,  (F.)  Urlicaire,  Fiecre  Ortie,  Porcelaine, 
Kettle-rash,-  from  vrli'ca,  'a  nettle,'  because  the 
eruption  resembles  that  produced  by  the  stings 
of  a  nettle.  A  disease  distinguished  by  those 
elevations  of  the  cuticle  called  wheals.  They 
have  a  white  top,  and  are  often  surrounded  by 
a  diffuse  redness.  They  excite  intolerable  itch- 
ing, especially  when  the  person  is  warm  in  bed. 
The  eruption  frequently  goes  and  comes,  once 
or  more  in  the  24  hours,  and  is  generally  de- 
pendent upon  gastric  derangement.  In  some 
people,  nettle-rash  isinduced  by  shell-fish,  eggs, 
nuts  dec.  It  is  not,  usually,  a  disease  of  any 
consequence, and  its  treatment  is  limited  to  the 
use  of  absorbent  laxatives,  and  some  genera 
means  Willan  has  described  six  varieties  of 
the  complaint ;-Urlica'Ha  febri'lis,  U.  evan- 
ida,  U.  prrstans,    U.  confer'ta,    V.  subcutanea, 

and  U.  tubcro'sa. 

rr  ,.   Pmirrr  lana,  Essera,  Urticaria. 

Urticaria  roncELLA.>A,  *-«  » 

TTRTICA'TIO,  Urtication,  from  vrtica,  'a 
nettle  '  A  sort  of  flagellation,  with  nettles  ;~ 
„«,  d  with  the  intention  of  exciting  the  skin. 

URUCU,  Terra  Orleana. 

USNEA,  Lichen  saxatilis. 


USTILAGO,  Eraot. 
USTIO.  Bum. 

USTION,  Ustio,  Causis,  from  urere,  iistum, 
'to  burn.'  The  act  of  burning,  or  of  applying 
the  actual  cautery.  Also,  the  effect  of  cauteri- 
zation;— a  burn. 

USTULA'TIO.  An  operation  by  which  a  sub- 
stance is  dried  by  warming. 
USUS,  Habit. 
UTER,  Uterus. 

UTERI  ANTEVERSIO,  Hysteroloxia  ante- 
rior— u.  Convulsivus  morbus,  Lorind  matiicis — 
u.  Coryza,Leucorrhoea — u.Flexio, Hysteroloxia 
— u.  Inclinatio,  Hysteroloxia — u.  Obliqnitas, 
Hysteroloxia — u.  Pronatio,  Hysteroloxia  ante- 
rior— u.  Pruritus,  Nymphomania — u.  Reflexio 
completa,  Hysteroloxia  posterior— u.  Retrover- 
sio,  Hysteroloxia  posterior — u.  Rheuma,  Leu- 
corrhcea — u.  Versio  incompleta,  Hysteroloxia. 
Uteri  Adscensus,  Hysteria. 
U'TERINE,  Utcri'nus,ftomulerus,'lhe  womb.' 
That  which  belongs  or  relates  to  the  womb. 

Uterine  Artery,  Arte'ria  uterina  hypogas'- 
trica,  in  size  is  always  in  a  ratio  with  the  greater 
or  less  state  of  development  of  the  uterus.     It 
arises  from  the  hypogastric,  either  separately  or 
with  the  umbilical,  or  from  the  internal  pudic. 
It  passes  upon  the  lateral  parts  of  the  vagina, 
to  which  it   givesr  branches;    and    afterwards 
ascends  on  the  sides  of  the  uterus,  and  divides 
into  a  considerable   number  of  very   tortuous 
branches,  which  enter  the  tissue  of  the  organ. 
Uterine  Muscle  of  Ruysch  consists  of  some 
fleshy  fibres  at  the  fundus  of  the  uterus,  which 
he  regarded  as  forming  a  particular  muscle. 
UTERO-GESTATIO,  Pregnancy. 
UTEROMANIA,  Nymphomania. 
U'TERUS,  Vter,  Utric'ulus,  Loci,  Loci  mulie'- 
bres,  Vulva,  Venter,  Jirvum  nalu'nc,  Conceptuc- 
ulurn,  Matrix,  Ager  naturae,  Hys'/.cra,  Metra,  Ste- 
ra,  An'gos,  Delphys,  Alvus,  the  Womb,  (F.)  Ma- 
trice,  Sein.     The  uterus, —  destined  to  lodge  the 
foetus  from  the   commencement  of  conception 
till    birth, — is    a    hollow,    symmetrical    organ, 
having  the  shape  of  a  truncated  conoid:  it   is 
situate  in  the   pelvis,  between   the  bladder  and 
the   rectum,  above   the   vagina,  and  below  the 
convolutions  of  the  small  intestine.     The  uterus 
is  flattened  from  before  to  behind,  and  is  nearly 
an  inch  in   thickness.     It  is  two  inches  broad, 
at  its  highest  part,  and  becomes  narrower  to- 
wards the  vagina;  terminating  in  a  contracted 
portion,  called   the  cervix  or  neck, — to  distin- 
guish it  from  the  rest  of  the   organ,  called  the 
body.     From  its  fundus  or  upper  portion  the  Fal- 
lopian tubes  pass  off.     The  mouth  is  called  Os 
Uteri  or  Os  Tmcx.     The  cavity  is  very  small, 
and  its  parieles  are  thick.     The  portion  of  the 
cavity,  corresponding  with  the  body,  is  triangu- 
lar and  flattened.     Its  superior  angles  present 
the   extremely   fine    orifices    of  the" Fallopian 
tubes.    The  cavity  of  the  neck  is  slightly  dilated 
before  opening  into  the  vagina.     The  uterus  is 
composed,  1.   Of  a  serous  membrane.     This  is 
external,   and    furnished    by    the    peritoneum; 
which   is   reflected    upon   the  uterus   from  the 
posterior  surface  of  the  bladder  and  the  anterior 
surface  of  the  rectum.     It  forms,  also,  the  broad 
ligaments  of  the  uterus,  Idgamen'ta  lata,  Alee 
vesperti/io'nis.     These   contain,  above,  the  Fal- 
lopian tube;  beneath  and  anteriorly,  the  round 
ligaments;  and,  behind,  the  ovary.    They  are 
two  membranous  productions  or  duplicatures  of 


UTERUS 


776 


VACCINA 


the  peritoneum,  sent  from  the  edges  of  the  ute- 
rus and  posterior  extremity  of  the  vagina,  in  a 
transverse  direction,  to  be  fixed  to,  and  to  line, 
the  side  of  the  pelvis.  2.  Of  a  mucous  mem- 
brane, which  is  a  prolongation  of  that  of  the 
vagina,  and  extends  into  the  tubes.  3.  Of  a 
proper  tissue,  whose  thickness  is  considerable. 
It  is  of  a  close  texture;  is  grayish  and  elastic; 
and  resists  the  instrument  that  divides  it.  Its 
intimate  nature  is  but  little  known.  During 
gestation  it  is  truly  muscular.  The  arteries  of 
the  uterus  proceed  from  the  spermatic  and  hypo- 
gastric. Its  veins  follow  the  same  course,  and 
bear  the  same  name  as  the  arteries.  They  are 
very  tortuous,  and  form  large  sinuses  in  the  pa- 
rietes  of  the  organ, — called  Uterine  Sinuses.  Its 
nerves  proceed  from  the  sciatic  and  hypogastric 
plexuses.  Its  lymphatic  vessels  are  very  mul- 
tiplied ;  and  during  pregnancy  acquire  enor- 
mous dimensions.  The  changes  experienced 
by  the  uterus  during  gestation,  and  after  de- 
livery, are  very  numerous  and  important  to  be 
known.  They  regard  its  situation,  direction, 
size,  shape,  texture,  connexions,  vital  proper- 
ties, &c. 

Uterus,  Abdomen — u.  Anteversion  of  the, 
Hysteroloxia  anterior — u.  Hourglass  contrac- 
tion of  the,  Chaton—u.  Inclinatus,  Hystero- 
loxia. 

Uterus,  Irritable,  Neuralgia  of  the  uterus. 
A  disease  characterized  by  deep-seated  pain  in 
the  lower  part  of  the  abdomen,  and  in  the  back 
and  loins;  generally  diminished  by  lying  down, 
and  increased  by  exercise,  and  more  severe  for 
a  few  days  preceding  and  during  menstruation. 
On  examination  per  vaginam,  the  uterus  is  found 
to  be  tender  on  pressure ;  and  the  cervix  and 
body  slightly  swollen,  butnotusually  indurated. 
It  is  an  obstinate  affection,  but  frequently  ends 
of  itself  after  years  of  suffering.  The  treatment 
must  be, — the  horizontal  posture;  local  blood- 
letting to  the  uterus;  emollients;  soothing  in- 
jections ;  narcotics,  warm  bath,  &c.  See  Hy- 
steralgia. 

Uterus,  Inversion  of  the,  Inver'sio  Uteri, 
Metranas'trophe  JEdoptosis  Uteri  inversa,  (F.) 
Inversion  dela  Matrice,  Renversement  de  la  Ma- 
trice.  The  uterus,  displaced  and  turned  inside 
out.  This  can  only  happen  through  want  of 
caution  on  the  part  of  the  medical  practitioner. 
It  is  a  fatal  accident,  unless  speedily  reduced. 
This  must  be  done  by  gradually  returning  the 
superior  part,  by  grasping  it  with  the  hand,  and 
making  the  rest  follow. 

Uterus  Obliquus,  Hysteroloxia — u.  Retro- 
version of  the,  Hysteroloxia  posterior. 

Uterus,  Rupture  of  the,  Metrorrhexis, 
Riiptu'ra  Uteri,  Pcrfora'tio  Uteri,  Lacera'tion  of 
the  Womb,  (P.)  Rupture  de  la  Matrice.  This 
dreadful  accident  occurs  during  labour,  and  is 


known  to  have  taken  place,  when  the  child's 
head  suddenly  recedes  during  a  pain,  with 
vomiting,  sinking  of  the  pulse,  cold  sweats, 
&c.  When  it  is  evident  that  this  has  occurred, 
the  hand  must  be  passed  into  the  uterus,  and 
the  feet  of  the  child  be  brought  down. 

Cases  are  on  record,  in  which  partial  lacera- 
tions of  the  uterus  have  healed,  and  the  patient 
has  done  well.  This  is  a  rare  event,  and  not  to 
be  anticipated. 

UTRICLE,  see  Semicircular  canals. 

UTRICULUS,  Uterus— u.Lacteus,  Recepta- 
culum  chyli. 

UVA,  Uvula,  see  Vitis  vinifera — u.  Ursi,see 
Arbutus  uva  ursi. 

Uvje  Corjnthiace,  see  Vitis  Corinthiaca. 

Uvm  Passs:,  Dried  Grapes,  Raisins.  See 
Vitis  Vinifera. 

Uvx  Passje  Majores,  see  Vitis  vinifera— u. 
Passse  minores,  see  Vitis  Corinthiaca — u.  Pas- 
sse  sole  siccatre,  see  Vitis  vinifera. 

UVATIO,  Ceratocele,  Staphyloma. 

UVE'A,  from  Uva, '  an  unripe  grape.'  Tu'nica 
acino'sa  seu  acini fof 'mis  seu  uva'lis  seu  acina't 
lis  seu  uvifor'mis,  Rhago'i'des,  Rhox,  (F.)  Uvee. 
Some  anatomists  have  given  this  name  to  the 
choroid  coat  of  the  eye;  others,  to  the  posterior 
surface  of  the  iris,  on  account  of  the  black  and 
very  thick  varnish  that  covers  it. 

Uvea,  Commissure  of  the,  Ciliary  liga- 
ment. 

UVEE,  Uvea. 

UV1GENA,  Uvula. 

UVIGERA,  Uvula. 

U'VULA,  diminutive  of  uva,  {a  grape.'  Pin- 
nac'ulum  for'nicis  guttura'lis,  Uva,  Staph'yle~, 
Tintinnab'ulum,  Columella,  Cion,  Ci'onis,  (q.  v.) 
Garga'reon,  Colum'na  oris,  Gurgu'lio,  later  sep'- 
turn ,  Processus  seu  Cartilago  U'vifer,  Uti'gena, 
Uvi'gera,  Pap  of  the  Throat,  (F.)  Luette.  A 
fleshy  appendix  or  prolongation,  whioh  hangs 
from  the  middle  or  free  edge  of  the  velum  pa- 
lati.  The  uvula  has  a  conical  shape,  and  is  of 
a  greateror  less  size  in  individuals.  It  is  formed, 
especially,  by  the  mucous  membrane  of  the 
velum  palati ;  and  contains,  within  it,  the  azygos 
uvulae  muscle.    Its  use  is  not  clear. 

Uvula,  Vesical,  see  Urinary  bladder. 

U'VULAR,  Ucula'ris,  from  uvula.  That 
which  belongs  to  the  uvula. 

Uvular  Glands,  are  small  follicles,  be- 
longing to  the  mucous  membrane  covering  the 
uvula. 

UVULARIA,  Ruscus  hypoglossum. 

UVULI'TIS,  from  uvula,  and  ids,  denoting 
inflammation.  Jlngi'na  uvula'ris,  Staphyli 'tis 
Cioni'lis,  fnflamrna'tio  u'vulse,  (F.)  Inflammation 
de  la  Luette,  Falling  down  of  the  Palate.  Inflam- 
mation of  the  uvula. 


V. 


VACCI'NA,  Vaccin'ia,  Vari'ola  vaccina,  V. 
vaccin'ica,  Exanthe'ma  vaccina,  Syn ocha  vaccina, 
Vacci'ola  vera,  Vacci'na  antivariolo'sa,  Vacciola 
scutella'ta,  Vari'olx  tulo'rise,  Cow-pox,  Kine  Pock, 
Inoc'ulated  Cowpox,  Em'phlysis  vaccina  inser'ta, 
from  vacca,  '  cow,'  (F.)  Vaccine.  The  cow-pox 
is  a  disease  of  the  cow,  arising  spontaneously, 


which,  if  transmitted  to  man  by  means  of  ino- 
culation, may  preserve  him  from  small-pox  con- 
tagion. The  promulgation  of  this  valuable  pro- 
perty of  the  vaccine  virus  is  due  to  Dr.  Jenner. 
When  inoculating  for  sinall-pox  in  Glouces- 
tershire, in  1775,  he  was  surprised  to  meet  with 
a  number  of  persons  in  the  same  district,  on 


VACCINA  AN/JTIVARIOLOSA 


777 


VAGINA 


whom  the  insertion  of  the  virus  produced  no 
effect;  although  they  had  never  passed  through 
the  small-pox.  On  investigation,  he  found  that 
all  these  persons  had  previously  been  affected 
by  a  pustular  eruption  of  the  cow,  which  they 
had  taken  by  milking  the  animal;  and  which 
eruption  they  called  Cow-pox.  This  discovery 
induced  him  to  institute  experiments,  and  he 
found  that  such  preservative  effect  actually  ex- 
isted. The  Vaccine  Virus,  or  the  fluid  of  the 
eruption,  is  not  now  usually  taken  immediately 
from  the  cow ;  experience  having  demonstrated, 
that  it  is  nearly  as  efficacious  when  obtained 
from  the  human  vesicle.  The  characteristic  of 
cow-pox  eruption  is: — a  semi-transparent,  pearl- 
coloured  vesicle,  with  a  circular  or  somewhat 
oval  base;  its  upper  surface,  until  the  end  of 
the  8th  day,  being  more  elevated  at  the  margin 
than  in  the  centre;  and  the  margin  itself  being 
turoid,  shining,  and  rounded,  so  as  often  to  ex- 
tend a  little  over  the  line  of  the  base.  This 
vesicle  is  filled  with  clear  lymph,  contained  in 
numerous  little  cells,  that  communicate  with 
each  other.  After  the  8th  or  9th  day  from  the 
insertion  of  the  virus,  it  is  surrounded  by  a 
bright  red,  circumscribed  aureola,  which  varies, 
in  its  diameter,  in  differentcases,  from  a  quarter 
of  an  inch  to  two  inches ;  and  is  usually  attended 
with  a  considerable  tumour,  and  hardness  of  the 
adjoining  cellular  membrane.  This  aureola  de- 
clines on  the  11th  or  12th  day.  the  surface  of 
the  vesicle  then  becomes  brown  in  the  centre; 
and  the  fluid,  in  the  cells,  gradually  concretes 
into  a  hard,  rounded  scab  or  crust,  of  a  reddish- 
brown  colour,  which  at  length  becomes  darker, 
contracted,  and  dry,  but  is  not  detached  till 
three  weeks  after  vaccination.  It  leaves  a  per- 
manent, circular  cicatrix,  about  five  lines  in  di- 
ameter, and  a  little  depressed;  the  surface  be- 
ing marked  with  very  minute  pits  or  indenta- 
tions, denoting  the  number  of  cells,  of  which 
the  vesicle  had  been  composed.  This  is  the 
progress  of  the  genuine  cow-pox.  At  times, 
fever  occurs  about  the  9th  or  I lth  day;  but.  at 
others,  not  the  slightest  indisposition  is  felt. 
Aberrations  from  this  progress  occur,  which 
must  be  attended  to;  as  the  same  preservative 
influence  is  not  exerted  by  irregular  or  spuri- 
ous cow-pox.  If  the  eruption  runs  speedily  to 
a  height;  has  an  aureola  too  early;  is  irregular 
at  its  edges ;  and  contains  pus,  instead  of  a  lim- 
pid fluidT — it  cannot  at  all  be  depended  upon. 

Small-pox  occurs,  at  times,  as  an  epidemic 
after  vaccination.  For  a  time,  the  enthusiastic 
advocates  of  vaccination  would  not  admit  the 
affection  to  be  small-pox;  and,  accordingly, 
they  gave  it  the  name  Varioloid,  (q.  v.)  It  is 
unquestionably  small-pox,  but  modified,  and 
greatly  divested  of  its  terrors  by  previous  vac- 
cination; and  it  is  said  to  happen  less  frequently 
after  vaccination  than  after  small-pox  inocula- 
tion. Vaccination  is  now  practised  every  where, 
except  amonrr  those  in  whom  ignorance  and  pre- 
judice exclude  the  lights  of  reason  and  philan- 
thropy. There  is  ground,  however,  for  the  be- 
lief/that for  full  protection  revaccination  may 
be  occasionally  necessary. 

Vaccina  Antivariolosa,  Vaccina. 

VACCINA'TION,  Vaccina! tw,  trom  vacca,  a 
cow*  Cow  -pox  inoculation,  Jenne'nan  inocula- 
tion '  An  operation  which  consists  ,n  inserting 
tTvaccme'virus  under -the  cut.de,  so 


may  come  in 
50 


contact  with  the  absorbents.    It 


is  extremely  simple,  and  requires  merely  that 
the  point  of  a  lancet  should  be  held  under  the 
cuticle  for  a  short  time.  The  best  time  for 
taking  the  matter  for  vaccination  is  about  the 
7th  or  8th  day,  before  the  appearance  of  the 
aureola,  when  it  ought  to  be  limpid  and  trans- 
parent. The  most  certain  method  is,  to  pass  it 
from  arm  to  arm;  but  this  is  not  always  conve- 
nient; and,  hence  it  is  taken  upon  points  or 
pieces  of  quill,  or  between  glasses.  It  must,  of 
course,  be  softened  for  use.  This  is  done  by 
means  of  a  little  water,  which  does  not  destroy 
its  efficiency.  The  scab,  too,  which  falls  off 
about  the  end  of  three  weeks— sooner  or  later 
— is  capable  of  communicating  the  affection,  if 
dissolved  in  water;  and  this  is  the  most  com- 
mon method  of  transmitting  the  vaccine  virus 
in  some  countries. 

VACCINE,  Vaccina. 

VACCINELLA.  A  term  employed  by  some 
to  designate  spurious  cow-pox. 

VACCINIA,  Vaccina — v.  Palustris,  Vacci- 
nium  oxycoccos. 

VACCINIUM  MYRTIL'LUS.  The  Myrtle 
Berry,  Vaccin'ia  myrtil'lus,  Bilberry,  Blea-berry, 
Whor tie-berry,  Black  JVhorts,  Vaccinium  nigrum, 
(F.)  Airelle  Anguleu.se,  Raisin  de  Bois.  Family, 
Vaccines.  Sex.  Syst.  Octandria  Monogynia. 
The  berries — Baccse  Myrtillo'  rum — are  esteemed 
to  be  antiscorbutic,  when  prepared  with  vine- 
gar. They  are  also  said  to  possess  antiseptic  and 
sub-astringent  properties  when  dried.  They 
are  not  used  in  medicine;  but  are  frequently 
eaten  with  milk  and  sugar. 

Vaccinium  Nigrum,  V.  myrtillus. 

Vaccinium  Oxvcoc'cos,  Oxycoccos,  Vaccinia 
palus'tris,  Vitis  Idse'a  palustris,  Moorberry,  Cran- 
berry, Mossberry,  Swamp  Redberry,  Sourberry, 
(F.)  Canneberge.  The  berries  are  pleasantly 
acid  and  cooling.  They  make  an  agreeable 
preserve. 

Vaccinium  Vitis  Idx'a,  Red  Bilberry,  Am- 
pelos  Idse'a,  Whortleberry,  Cowberry,  (F.)  Airelle 
ou  Canneberge  ponctuee.  A  decoction  of  the 
leaves  has  been  used  in  calculous  affections. 
They  are  astringent.  The  ripe  berries  are  plea« 
santly  acid,  and  refrigerant.  Huckleberries  are 
furnished  by  different  species  of  Vaccinium. 

VACCIOLA  SCUTELLATA,  Vaccina— v. 
Vera,  Vaccina. 

VAGIN,  Vagina. 

VAGI'NA,'a  sheath.'  Vagi' namulie'bris seu 
uteri'na  seu  Uteri,  Sinus  mulie'bris,  S.  Pudo'ris, 
Colpos,  Vulvo-uterine  canal,  (F.)  Vagin.  A 
cylindrical  canal,  five  or  six  inches  long;  si- 
tuate within  the  pelvis, between  the  bladder  and 
rectum.  It  communicates  by  one  extremity — 
Aulas— with  the  vulva;  by  the  other,  with  the 
womb,— the  neck  of  which  it  embraces.  The 
vagina  is  lined,  internally,  by  a  mucous  mem- 
brane; and  is  partly  closed,  in  young  females, 
by  the  hymen,  and  carunculse  myrtiformes. — 
Around  the  mucous  membrane  is  a  layer  of 
spongy,  erectile  tissue;  and  a  cellulo- vascular 
membrane.  A  constrictor  muscle;  numerous 
vessels  furnished  by  the  vaginal  artery,  particu- 
larly; veins  and  nerves,  proceeding  from  the 
sciatic  plexus,  also,  enter  into  the  composition 
of  the  organ. 

The  term  Vagina  or  Sheath,  Theca,  is  extend- 
ed to  many  parts,  which  serve  as  envelopes  to 
others. 

Vagina  or  Sheath  of  the  Vena  Porta,  (F.) 


VAGINA  GLISS0NI1 


?73 


VALVULA 


(ii.tne  de  la  Veine-porte,  is  1,he  cellular  mern- 
b  ane  that  accompanies  the  divisions  of  the  vena 
porta  into  the  substance  of  the  liver,  the  cap- 
sule of  Glisson,  (q.  vA 

Sheath,  (F.)  Gttine,  is  sometimes  applied  to 
the  fascia  enveloping  the  limbs;  to  cellular 
membrane,  enveloping  the  muscles,  and  enter- 
ing between  their  fibres;  to  that  which  sur- 
rounds the  blood-vessels;  to  the  synovial  mem- 
branes surrounding  tendons,  and  lining  the 
gutters  of  bones,  &.c. 

Vagina  Glissonii,  Capsule  of  Glisson— v. 
Muliebris,  Vagina — v.  Nervorum,  Neurilemma 
—v.  Porta;,  Capsule  of  Glisson — v.  Uterina, 
Vagina. 

VAG"INAL,  Vaginalis,  from  vagina,  'a 
sheath.' 

Vaginal  Artery.  This  exists,  as  a  matter  of 
course,  only  in  the  female.  It  arises  from  the 
hypogastric  or  from  the  uterine,  vesical, internal 
pudic,  umbilical,  &c,  and  sends  its  branches, 
first  to  the  lateral  parts  of  the  vagina,  and  after- 
wards to  the  anterior  and  posterior  surfaces. 

Vaginal  Coat  of  the  Eve,  Tu'nica  Vagina'- 
lis  Oculi,  Submuscular  Fascia,  is  a  membranous 
coat,  which  separates  the  eye  ball  from  the 
other  structures  in  the  orbit,  and  forms  a  smooth 
hollow  surface,  by  which  the  motions  of  the 
eye  are  facilitated. 

Vaginal  Coat  of  the  Testicle,  Tu'nica  Va- 
gina'lis,  T.  Elytroi'des,  vel  Elytro'des,  is  the  se- 
rous membrane  which  envelops  the  testicles. 
Before  the  descent  of  the  testicle,  the  tunica 
vaginalis  does  not  exist.  It  is  formed  by  a  pro- 
longation—  furnished  by  the  peritoneum  to  the 
testicle,  when  it  issues  from  the  abdomen — which 
subsequently,  contracts;  and,  ultimately,  is  en- 
tirely separated  from  it,  constituting  a  distinct 
coat.  The  tunica  vaginalis  forms  a  close  sac, 
which  is  reflected  over  the  testicle  and  epididy- 
mis, without  containing  them  in  its  cavity.  Its 
inner  surface  is  smooth,  and  lubricated  by  a 
serous  fluid.  Its  outer  surface  adheres  to  the 
fibrous  coat,  common  to  the  spermatic  cord  and 
testicle.  This  reflected  portion  is  the  Tunica 
vaginalis  testis. 

Vaginal  Process  of  the  temporal  bone,  (F.) 
.■ipophyse  vaginale  ou  engawunte,  Gained e  I'upu- 
pkyse  styluide,  CUaton,  is  a  bony  crista,  which 
embraces  the  base  of  the  styloid  process. 

VAGINITIS,  Leucorrhce'a  (vaginal.) 

VAGISSEMEKT,  Cry,  Vagitus. 

VAGI'TUS,  (F.)  Vagissemcnt.  The  cry,  (q.  v.) 
of  the  new-born  child.     Squa/lirior. 

VAGUS  NERVUS,  Pneumogastrie. 

VJWiON,  (F.)  Disparoc'nlus.  One  who  has 
eyes  of  different  colours.  It  also  means  a  wall- 
eyed animal;  or  one  whose  iris  is  surrounded 
by  a  whitish  circle. 

'  VJ11SSEAV,  Vessel— p.  Sanguin,  Blood-ves- 
sel. 

VAISSEJUX  CAPILLA!RES,Cap\\hry  ves- 
sels— v.  Chylifbes, Chyht'crous  vessels — v.  Lac- 
tcs,  Chyliferous  vessels — v.  Lacliferes,  Lactife- 
rous vessels — v.  Ombilicaux,  Umbilical   vessels. 

VA  LAN  IDA,  Faarus  sylvatica. 

VALERIAN,  AMERICAN,  Cypripedium  hi- 
feum  —  v.  Garden,  Valeriana  phu — v.  Officinal, 
Valeriana — v.  Wild.  Valeriana. 

VALERIA'NA,  V.officina'lis,  Wild  Valerian, 
Valeria'na  minor,  Officinal  Valerian.  Family, 
Dipsaeea?.  Sex.  Syst.  Triandria  Mononynia. 
The  root,  Valeria'na,  (Ph.  U.  S.)  has  been  long 


extolled  as  an  efficacious  remedy  in  epilepsy, 
and  in  a  variety  of  nervous  complaints.  It  has 
been  also  advised  as  a  tonic,  antispasmodic,  and 
emmenagogue.  It  has  a  strong,  fetid  odour; 
bitterish,  subacrid,and  warm  taste;  audits  vir- 
tues are  extracted  by  water  and  alcohol. 

Valeriana  Celt'ica,  Celtic  JVard,  Spica  Cel- 
tica,  S.  A/pi'na,  Nardus  Cel'tica,  Salivn'ca,  Nor- 
dum  Gal'licum,  Spica  Cel'tica  Dioscor'idis,  (F.) 
JSrard  Ccilique.  The  roots  of  this  Alpine  plant 
have  been  recommended  as  stomachic,  carmi- 
native and  diuretic.  It  has  a  moderately  stronc 
smell,  and  a  warm,  bitterish,  subacrid  taste. 

Valeriana  Denta'ta,  V.  locus' ta,  Corn  Salad. 
A  wholesome,  succulent  plant,  cultivated  in 
Europe  as  a  salad.  It  is  antiscorbutic  and 
gently  aperient. 

Valeriana  Major,  V.  phu — v.  Locusta,  V. 
dentata — v.  Minor,  Valeriana— v.  Officinalis, 
Valeriana. 

Valeriana  Phu,  V.  major,  Garden  Valerian, 
(F.)  Grand  Valeriane.  The  root  has  been  re- 
commended in  rheumatism;  especially  in  scia- 
tica, and  in  epilepsy,  &c. 

VJIL&IUANE  GRANDE,  Valeriana  phu. 

VALET  J  PATIN,  (F.)  Vokel'la  Pati'ni. 
The  common  ligature,  forceps  is  a  modification 
of  this  instrument  invented  by  one  Patin.  It 
consists  of  two  branches,  united  at  the  middle 
by  a  hinge,  which  may  be  separated  or  approxi- 
mated by  means  of  a  screw  or  running  ring. 
It  is  used  for  seizing  hold  of  vessels  that  are  to 
be  tied. 

VALETUDINARIUS,  Sickly. 

VALETU'DINARY,  Vuletudina'rian,  Valetu- 
dina'rius.  Invalidus,  from  valctudo,  'health.' — 
One  of  delicate  health.  One  subject  to  fre- 
quent diseases.     An  Invalid. 

VALETUDO,  Sanitas. 

VALGUS,  see  Kyllosis. 

VALLECULA,  Valley. 

VALLEY,  Vallecula,  Grande  Sctssure  Medi- 
ant du  Cerrelet.  The  deep  fissure  on  the  infe- 
rior part  of  the  cerebellum,  which  divides  it 
into  two  symmetrical  portions. 

VALIGA,  Tinctura  jalapii. 

VALLUM.  The  eyebrow  or  supercilium, 
(q.  v.)     Als,o,  a  species  of  bandao-p.  —  Galen. 

VALS,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  A 
French  acidulous  chalybeate,  at  Vals,  six  leagues 
from  Viviers,  in  the  department  of  Ardeche. 
There  are  five  springs,  containing  carbonic 
acid,  sulphate  of  iron,  and  alum.  They  are 
employed  in  passive  hemorrhages,  leuconhoea, 
&c. 

VALVE,  Val'vula,  (F.)  Valvule,  from  valvx. 
'folding  doors,'  itself  from  volvo,  'I  fold  up.' 
A  small  door.  Any  membrane  or  duplicature 
of  a  membrane,  which  prevents  a  reflux  of  hu- 
mours or  other  matters  in  the  vessels  and  canals 
of  the  animal  body.  There  are  some  valves, 
whose  functions  appear  to  be, — to  retard  or  to 
modify  the  course  of  substances  along  canals, 
&c.  See  mitral,  sigmoid,  tricuspid,  ileo-caecal 
valve,  &c. 

Valve  of  Fallopius,  Bauhin,  valve  of— v. 
Ileocaecal,  Bauhin,  valve  of— v.  of  Tulpius, 
Bauhin,  valve  of — v.  of  Varolius,  Bauhin,  valve 
of. 

VALVES.  SEMILUNAR,  Sigmoid  valves. 

VALVULA,  Valve— v.  Cneci,  Bauhin,  valve 
of — v.  Cerebelli,  Valvula  Vieussenii — v.  Coli, 
Bauhin,  valve  of — v.  Foraminis   ovalis,  Ovalis 


VALVULA,  &c 


779 


VAR1C0MPHALUS 


fossa— y.  Guiffartiana,  see  Thebesius,  veins  cf 
—  v.  Ilei,  Bauhin,  valve  of. 

Valvula  vel  Plica  Semilunaris,  A  small 
doubling  of  the  tunica  conjunctiva,  which  lies 
between  the  caruncula  lacrymalis  and  the  ball 
of  the  eye.  In  birds,  this  is  large,  and  called 
Membra1 na  nic'tilans  vel  Pal'pebra  tcr'tiu. 

Vai.vula  Thebesii,  see  Thebesius,  veins  of 
—v.  Vaginae,  Hymen — v.  Vense  magna?,  see 
Thebesius,  valve  of. 

Valvula  Vieusse'nii,  Velum  Vieussenii, 
Val'vula  cerebri! li  seu  Willisia'na,  Velum  inter- 
jtc'tum  cerebelli,  V.  apoph'ysi  vermifurrni  obten- 
lum,  Lacu'nar  venlric'uli  quarti  superior,  Velum 
medulla're  seu  medullars  anti'cum,  (F.)  Valvule 
de  Vicusscns,  Voile  mcdullaire  sup6neure.  A 
thin,  medullary  lamina,  over  the  under  end  of 
the  Aquasductus  Sylvii,  and  upper  part  of  the 
4th  ventricle.  At  the  sides  of  the  valves  are 
two  medullary  tracts,  called  Process' us  ad  Tesles, 
Colum'nas  Val'vulce  Vieussenii,  or  Oblique  inter- 
cerebrul  Commissure, 
Valvula  Willisiana,  Valvula  Vieussenii. 
Valvule  Conniven'tes.  Numerous  circular 
folds  in  the  intestinal  canal  from  the  pyloric 
orifice  through  the  greater  part  of  the  small  in- 
testine. They  are  folds  of  the  mucous  mem- 
brane; and  their  chief  use  appears  to  be, — to 
retard  the  course  of  the  alimentary  mass,  and 
to  afford  a  larger  surface  for  the  origin  of  chy- 
liferous  vessels. 

Valvule  Episcopales,  Mitral  valves— v. 
Triglochines,  Tricuspid  valves— v.  Trisulc®, 
Tricuspid  valves. 

VALVULE,  Valve — v.d'Eustache,  Eustachian 
valve— v.  de  Py/ore,  see  Pylorus— v.  de  Vieus- 
sens,  Valvula  Vieussenii. 

VALVULES  SIGMOIDES  ou   SEM1LU- 
NJIIRES,  Sigmoid  valves. 
VANELLOE,  Vanilla. 

VANIL'LA,  Bunil'ia,  Banilas,  Banilhes,  Ba- 
nilla,  Benzo'enil,  Ar'acus  aromat'icus,  (F.)  Va- 
nille,  Baume  de  Vanille.  The  Vanelloe  is  a  long, 
flaUish  pod;  containing,  under  a  wrinkled, 
brittle  shell,  a  reddish-brown  pulp,  with  small, 
shining,  black  seeds.  The  parasitic  plant, 
which'afFords  this  pod,  is  the  Epiden'drum,  Va- 
nilla, Vanill'a  aromat'icu.  Family,  Orchideae. 
Sea;.  Syst.  Gynandria  Diandria.  Vanelloes  have 
an  unctuous,  aromatic  taste,  and  a  fragiant 
smell,  like  that  of  some  of  the  finer  balsams, 
heightened  with  musk.  Although  chiefly  used 
as  perfumes,  they  are  reputed  to  possess  aphro- 
disiac virtues. 

Vanilla  Aromatica,  seo  Vanilla. 
VAPEURS,  Hypochondriasis,  Hysteria. 
VAPORA'RIU'M.  Atmisle'rion,  Lacon'icum, 
Suda'rium.Sudalo'rium  ;  a  Vapour  bath.  A  use- 
ful remedy  in  rheumatic  and  cutaneous  affec- 
tions: and  wherever  it  is  important  to  relax 
the  cutaneous  capillaries.  In  the  Russian  Va- 
pour Balk,  the  vapour  is  produced  by  throwing 
water  over  hot  stones.     Its  temperature  is  from 

122°  to  14.")°.  Q, 

ir  .    i-Tonncniistum,  see  otove. 

V  aporaiuum,  irtypocausiu.il, 

V'\P<)R\TIO,  Evaporation.     _ 
VAPORES  UTERINI,  Hysteria. 
VAPOUR  BATH,  Vaporarium. 

VAPOURS,  Hypochondriasis,  Hysteria. 

V  \RA.  Barre. 

VARKO,   Relp-r.  Vcsiculeux,  Fucus  vesi- 

culosus. 


VAREN1,  Ambulo-flatulentus,  Gout  (wan- 
dering.) 

VARICE,  Varix. 

VAR1CEL/LA,  (diminutive  of  P«n'o?a,Small- 
Pox,)  Emphlysis  varicella,  Exanthe'rna  varicel- 
la, Syn'ochus  varicella,  Chicken  pox,  Variola 
lymphat'ica,  V.  spuria,  Variolse  nnthse,  V.  illegif- 
imse,  Pseudo-variolx,  V.  volat'icx,  V.  pucillse, 
JEoll'ion,  (F.)  Varicelle,  Petite  verole  volante, 
Verolette.  A  disease,  characterized  by  vesicles 
scattered  over  the  body,  which  are  glabrous, 
transparent,  and  about  the  size  of  peas.  They 
appear  in  successive  crops;  are  covered  by  a 
thin  pellicle;  and,  about  the  3d,  4th,  or  5th  day 
from  their  appearance,  burst  at  the  top,  and  con- 
crete into  small,  puckered  scabs,  which  rarely 
leave  a  pit  in  the  skin.  Three  varieties  have, 
sometimes,  been  designated.  1.  The  V.  lenti- 
formes,  or  lenticular  chicken  pox,  which  are  irre- 
gularly circular,  and  flattened  on  the  top;  the 
fluid  being  at  first  whitish,  and  afterwards 
straw-coloured.  This  is  the  common  chicken 
pox.  2.  The  Varicella  conifor'mis,  or  Conoi'dal 
Chicken  Pox,  Pem'phigus  vuriolo'des,  Variola 
lymphat'ica,  Hydrach'nis,  Sicine  Pox,  Water  Pox, 
Water  Jags,  in  which  the  vesicles  are  generally 
acuminated,  and  the  fluid  pellucid  throughout; 
and  3dly,  the  Varicella  globularis  or  Hives,  m 
which  the  vesicles  are  globular  and  larger;  the 
fluid  being,  at  first,  whey-coloured,  and  after- 
wards yellowish.  These  divisions  are,  how- 
ever, very  arbitrary,  for  they  are  generally  con- 
founded. 

Variola  has  been,  sometimes,  mistaken  for 
this  disease,  and  conversely.  A  little  attention 
to  the  history  of  the  eruption  in  the  two  affec- 
tions will  prevent  error.  Varicella  is  not  con- 
tagious. At  times,  it  prevails  epidemically.  It 
cannot  be  propagated  by  inoculation.  The 
treatment  is  extremely  simple;  rest,  abstinence, 
and  the  antiphlogistic  regimen,  being  all  that 
is,  generally,  required. 

VARICIFOR'MES  PARAS'TAT^E.  A  name 
given,  by  some  authors,  to  the  ducts  of  the 
epididymis,  because  they  seem  knotty  and  vari- 
cose. 

VARICOBLEPHARON,  from  Varix,  and 
pKiipaqov,  'eyelid.'  A  varicose  tumour  of  the 
eyelid. 

VARICOCE'LE,  from  varix,  and  xj^ij,  'a 
tumour,'  Oscheoce'le  varico'sa,  Her'nia  varico'sa, 
Ramex  varico'sus,  Spermatocele,  (q.  v.)  Cirso- 
cele.  A  varicose  dilatation  of  the  veins  of  the 
scrotum  and  spermatic  cord.  This  latter  variety 
of  the  disease  is  more  common  on  the  left  side 
than  the  right.  It  appears  under  the  form  of  a 
soft,  doughy,  unequal,  knotty,  compressible, 
and  indolent  tumour,  situate  in  the  course  of 
the  cord,  and  increasing  from  below  upwards. 
It  is  less,  when  the  individual  is  in  the  recum- 
bent, posture,  and  increases  when  he  is  erect. 
It  is,  ordinarily,  an  affection  of  no  moment,  and 
is  very  common,  requiring  merely  the  use  of  a 
proper  suspensory  bandage.  It  has  been  ad- 
vised, in  bad  cases,  to  tie  the  enlarged  vein, 
but  the  operation  is  not  free  from  danger  in- 
duced by  phlebitis.  Sir  A.  Cooper  has  pro- 
posed the  removal  of  a  portion  of  the  scrotum, 
so  as  to  render  the  remainder  of  the  scrotum  a 
natural   bandage.     This  plan   has   been  found 

VARICOMPH'ALUS,  fromrari'x,  and  ofiipa- 


VARICOSE 


780 


VASCULAR 


x.oc, 'the  umbilicus.'  Varicose  tumour  of  the 
umbilicus;  cirsomphalus.  (q.  v.) 

VAR'ICOSE,  Varico'sus,  (F.)  Variqucux. 
Affected  with  varix;  or  belonging  to,  or  con- 
nected with,  varix; — as  a  varicose  vein,  (q.  v.;) 
a  varicose  ulcer,  i.  e.  one  kept  up  by  varices. 

VARICOSITAS  CONJUNCTIVA,  Cirs- 
ophthalmia. 

VARIC'ULA,  Varix  parva.  A  diminutive 
of  varix.  Also,  a  varicose  swelling  of  the 
veins  of  the  tunica  conjunctiva. — M.  A.  Seve- 
rinus. 

VARI'OLA,  Variola;,  V.  vera,  Varioli,  Small- 
Pox,  Empyersis  Variola,  Ewpldogia,  Chaspe, 
JEolec'thyma,  Pox  (N.  of  England,)  Peslis  va- 
riolosa, Febris  variolo' sa ,-  from  varius, 'spotted,' 
or  from  vari,  '  pimples,'  (F.)  Variole,  Petite 
Verole,  Picole.  A  disease  now  of  somewhat  less 
interest  than  before  the  discovery  of  vaccina- 
tion. It  is  of  a  very  contagious  nature,  and  is 
supposed  to  have  been  introduced  into  Europe 
from  Asia,  at  an  early  period  of  the  middle 
ages.  It  is  characterized  by  fever,  with  pus- 
tules, appearing  from  the  3d  to  the  5th  day, 
and  suppurating  from  the  8th  to  the  10th,  and 
it  possesses  all  the  distinctive  properties  of  the 
major  exanthemata.  It  is  capable  of  being  pro- 
duced by  inoculation,  (q.  v.;)  but  this  inoculated 
small-pox — Variola  inserta — communicates  the 
disease  as  readily  through  the  air  as  the  natural 
small-pox,  or  that  received  without  inocula- 
tion. 

Small-pox  is  distinguished  into  two  classes, 
according  to  the  character  of  the  eruption,  the 
discrete  or  distinct,  and  the  confluent..  1.  In 
Variola  Discre'ta,  Empyesis  variola  discrcta, 
Variola  discreta  benig'na,  Variola  regulares  sen 
discrcta,  Distinct  Small-pox,  the  pustules  are 
usually  of  the  size  of  peas;  distinct,  distended, 
and  circular;  the  intervening  spaces  being  red ; 
the  fever  inflammatory  throughout;  and  ceasing 
when  the  eruption  is  complete.  2.  In  Variola 
Con'fluens,  Empyesis  variola  coyfluens,  Vario- 
la regula'res  confluences,  Vesic'ula  Diva  Bar'- 
bara,  Vesicules  dc  Sainte-Barbe,  or  Confluent 
Small-Pox,  the  pustules  are  confluent  or  run 
together;  flaccid  and  irregularly  circumscribed; 
the  intervening  spaces  being  pale,  and  the  ac- 
companying fever  typhoid.  In  children,  diar- 
rhoea, and,  in  adults,  ptyalism,  with  swelling  of 
the  hands  and  feet,  generally  appear  towards  the 
period  of  the  secondary  fever,  which  occurs 
from  the  tenth  to  the  thirteenth  day.  The  fe- 
ver that  precedes  and  accompanies  the  erup- 
tion is  called  the  Erup' live  fever.  The  progno- 
sis is  favourable  in  the  distinct  kind,  if  properly 
managed.  The  confluent  is  always  dangerous, 
— the  unfavourable  symptoms  being — flatten- 
ing of  the  pustules,  or  subsidence  of  the  erup- 
tion; the  breathing  becoming  much  obstructed 
or  oppressed;  or  marks  of  inflammatory  and 
congestive  affections  occurring  in  the  different 
viscera.  The  treatment  of  the  distinct  kind  is 
very  simple;  the  antiphlogistic  regimen,  with 
cathartics,  being  all  that  is  necessary.  The 
confluent  kind  requires  the  same  management 
as  typhus  fever. 

Variola  Amboinensis,  Frambcesia — v.  In- 
serta, Variola  (by  inoculation) — v.  Lymphatica, 
Varicella. 

Vari'ola  sine  Vari'oi.is,  Variolous  Fever. 
These  terms  are  applied  to  cases,  occasionally 
observed  during  the  prevalence  of  variola,  in 


which  the  constitutional  phenomena  are  pre- 
sent without  the  cutaneous  eruption. 

Variola  Spuria,  Varicella — v.  Vaccina, 
Vaccina. 

VARIOLA,  Variola— v. Illegitimje,  Varicella 
— v.Modificatce,  Varioloid — v.  Notha;,  Varicella 
— v.  Pucillce,  Varicella — v.  Tutoriae,  Vaccina — 
v.  Verse,  Variola — v.  VolaticDe,  Varicella. 

VARIOLATION,  Inoculation,  (Small-pox.) 

VARIOLE,  Variola. 

VARIOLI,  Variola. 

VARIOLOID,  Varioloi'des,  Vari'ola  m,odlfi- 
ca'ta,  from  variola,  small-pox.  and  nSog,  'form,' 
— resembling  small-pox.  This  is,  really,  small- 
pox, modified  by  previous  inoculation  or  vac- 
cination; and  hence  it  has  been  properly  called 
modified  small-pox.  That  it  is  small-pox  is 
proved  by  the  fact,  that  matter,  taken  from  a 
varioloid  pustule,  will  communicate  small-pox 
to  one  who  has  never  had  it  naturally  or  by  in- 
oculation, or  who  has  never  been  vaccinated. 
It  is,  almost  always,  a  milder  disease  than  small- 
pox; and  this  circumstance,  with  its  shorter  du- 
ration, exhibits  the  salutary  effects  of  previous 
vaccination  or  inoculation.  It  has  appeared 
epidemically. 

VARIQUEUX,  Varicose. 

VARIX,  Phlebeurys'ma,  Hernia  seu  Ecta'sia 
vena'rum,  Jlngiecta! sia  veno'sa,  Ixfia,  Cirsus, 
Varicose  Vein,  (F.)  Varice,  is  considered,  by 
some,  to  come  from  the  verb  variare,  'to  turn,' 
'to  twist;' — on  account  of  the  sinuosities  of 
varicose  veins.  Dilatation  of  a  vein.  Varices 
are  owing  to  local  retardation  of  the  venous  cir- 
culation; and  in  some  cases,  to  relaxation  of  the 
parietes  of  the  veins.  They  are  very  common 
in  the  superficial  veins  of  the  lower  limbs,  espe- 
cially of  pregnant  females.  The  tumour  or  tu- 
mours, formed  by  varices,  are  soft,  knotty,  un- 
equal, indolent,  and  livid  ;  without  pulsation, 
and  yielding  readily  to  the  impression  of  the 
finger;  but  returning  as  soon  as  the  compression 
is  discontinued.  Sometimes,  the  vein  bursts 
and  gives  rise  to  hemorrhage.  The  treatment 
is  usually  palliative,  and  consists  in  exerting  a 
uniform  and  constant  pressure  upon  the  part, 
by  means  of  an  appropriate  bandage.  The  ra- 
dical cure  has,  also,  been  obtained  by  extirpa- 
tion, division  of  the  vein,  or  ligature.  The 
second  course  is  apt  to  be  followed  by  phle- 
bitis. 

VAROLI,  BRIDGE  OF,  Pons  Varolii. 

VARUS,  Acne,  Ionthus,  see  Kyllosis— v. 
Mentagra,  Sycosis. 

VAS,  Vessel,  Penis — v.  Deferens  mulieris, 
Tuba  Fallopiana — v.  Urinarium,  Ureter. 

VASA  LACTEA,  Chyliferous  vessels— v. 
Sedalia,  Hemorrhoidal  vessels — v.  Lymphatica, 
Lymphatic  vessels — v.  Nutritia,  Vasa  vasorum 
— v.  Resorbentia,  Lymphatic  vessels. 

Vasa  Vaso'rum,  V.  nutril"ia.  Small  vessels 
that  supply  larger.  However  minutely  we 
trace  a  vessel,  we  always  find  its  parietes  sup- 
plied with  blood  for  its  nutrition  by  a  smaller 
vessel. 

Vasa  Vortico'sa,  (F.)  Tourbillon  vasculaire. 
The  contorted  vessels  which  creep  on  the  cho- 
roid coat  of  the  eye,  ciliary  veins,  (q.  v.) 

VAS'CULAR,  Vascularis,  Vasculo'sns,  Jin- 
gei'al,  from  vas, '  a  vessel.'  That  which  belongs 
or  relates  to  vessels; — arterial,  venous,  or  lym- 
phatic; but  generally  restricted  to  blood-vessels 
only.     Bichat  gave  the  name — Vascular  system 


VASCULAR  RADICALS 


781 


VEINS,  TABLE  OF 


-to  the  blood-vessels,  and  of  this  he  made  two 
divisions.  1.  The  Arterial  System,  or  System  of 
red  blood,  (b  .)  Systeme  vasculairc  a  saw*  rowe, 
which  commences  with  the  radicles  ofthe  pul- 
monary veins;  and  includes  the  pulmonary 
veins,  the  left  cavities  of  the  heart  and  the 
aorta,  with  all  its  ramifications.  The  blood,  in 
this  system,  is  distributed  to  the  general  capil- 
lary system,  where  it  loses  its  arterial  quality 
and  becomes  venous.  2.  The  Venous  system  or 
Vascular  system  of  black  blood,  (F.)  Systeme  vas- 
culare a  sang  noir,  carries  the  venous  blood 
from  every  ptyt  of  the  system  to  the  lungs.  It 
takes  its  origin  in  the  general  capillary  system; 
continues  in  the  veins,  right  auricle,  and  ven- 
tricle of  the  heart  and  the  pulmonary  artery 
and  its  branches,  and  is  finally  lost  in  the  capil- 
lary system  of  the  lungs.     See  Circulation. 

Vascular  Radicals,  P.adical  vessels — v. Sys- 
tem, Intermediate,  Capillary  system — v.  Sys- 
tem, Peripheral,  Capillary  system — v.  Tumour, 
see  Hsemorrhois. 

VASCULUM,  Penis. 

Vas'culum  Aber'rans,  Appendix  to  the  Epi- 
didymis. A  small  convoluted  duct,  of  variable 
length,  generally  connected  with  the  duct  of 
the  epididymis,  immediately  before  the  com- 
mencement of  the  vas  deferens. 

VASE  A  SAIGNER,  Cup. 

VASTUS.  That  which  is  vast  or  has  a  great 
extent. 

Vastos  Externus  and  Vastus  Internus  are 
two  considerable,  fleshy  masses,  which  form 
part  of  the  Triceps  Cruris,  (q.  v.) 

VATERIA  INDICA,  see  Copal. 

VAULT,  (old  F.  Voulte,)  'a  round  or  turn,' 
from  vohere,  volutum,  'to  turn,'  Fornix,  Cam'- 
era,  (F.)  Voule.  A  name  given  by  anatomists 
to  several  parts  which  are  rounded  superiorly; 
concave  and  arched  inferiorly. — as  the  Vault  of 
the  cranium,  or  the  upper  part  of  ihe  skull, — the 
Pulutine  vault  or  roof  of  the  mouth,  &c,  &c. 

VAUQUELINE,  Strychnina. 

VECTIS,  Lever— v.  Elevatorius,  Elevator— 
v.  Triploides,  Elevator,  triploid. 

VEGETA'TION,  Vegeta'tio,  'growing  like  a 
plant.'  A  morbid  part,  which  rises  as  an  ex- 
crescence in  syphilis,  &c— as  the  Cauliflower 
excrescence,  &c.  The  term  is,  also,  applied  to 
the  fleshy  granulations  or  Hyper sarcoses,  which 
sometimes  arise  at  the  surfaces  of  wounds  or 
ulcers. 

VE'HICLE,  Vchic'ulum,  Oche'ma,  (F.)  Vchi- 
cule,  from  vehere,  'to  carry.'  Any  thing  which 
serves  to  carry:  thus,  air  is  the  vehicle  of  sound; 
the  arteries  are  the  vehicles  of  the  blood,  &c. 
In  Pharmacy,  the  name  vehicle  is  given  to  any 
excipient;  or  to  substances  which  serve  as  the 
media  of  administration  for  any  medicine. 

VAHICULE,  Vehicle. 

VEIN,  Vena,  Phlebs,  I'hleps,  (F.)  Veine.  The 
veins  are  vessels  for  the  conveyance  of  black 
blood  from  every  part  of  the  body  to  the  heart. 
They  are  found  wherever  there  are  arteries 
and  altogether,  form  the  venous  system,  which 
may  be  subdivided  into  two  distinct  secondary 
systems  1.  The  General  venous  system,  which 
commences  in  all  the  organs  by  very  minute 
radicles;  and  terminates  in  the  heart  by  the 
vena  cava  and  the  coronary  vein.  2.  The  Ab- 
dominal  venous  system,  which  is  limited  to  the 
abdominal  cavity;  commences,  also,  by  a  great 


number  of  branches,  and  terminates  in  the  liver 
by  a  single  trunk,  which  subdivides  in  that 
organ.  It  is  called,  also,  the  System  of  the  Vena 
Porta,  or  the  Portal  System.  See  Porta.  The 
veins  form  two  sets,  one  deep-seated,  Vena  satel- 
lites, V.  concom'iles,  which  accompany  the  arte- 
ries; the  other  superficial  or  subcutaneous.  Their 
parietes,  which  are  thinner  than  those  of  the 
arteries,  are  composed  of  two  coats;  the  one, 
external,  loose,  extensible,  and  with  parallel, 
longitudinal  fibres — the  proper  membrane,-  the 
other,  the  common  or  inner  membrane,  which  is 
thin,  polished,  and  has  numerous  duplicatures 
or  folds  forming  parabolic  valves.  These  valves 
are  most  numerous  in  the  veins  of  the  lower 
extremities.  The  coats  of  the  veins  are  sup- 
plied with  small  arteries  or  vasavasorum,  veins, 
and  lymphatics.  They  have  not  as  many  ner- 
vous filame*nts  as  the  arteries..  These  filaments 
are  from  the  great  sympathetic. 

TABLE    OP    THE    VEINS. 

1.   VEINS  WHICH  FORM  THE  SUPERIOR  VENA  CAVA. 

Receives  the  <  h  Posferior  ulnar- 

2.CephaHc,formingthej^S|^^- 

'3  a  '  3.  Circumflex  veins. 

4.  Inferior  scapular. 

5.  Long  thoracic. 

6.  Superior  thoracic. 
17.  Acromial  veins. 


Receives  the 


[1.  Pterygoid. 
I  2.  Spheno-palatine. 
3.  Alveolar. 


K 


-:> 


i 


1.  Internal   maxillary, ■(  4.  Infra-orbitar. 
composed  of  the        I  5.  Mental. 

|  6.  Inferior  dental. 
^7.  Deep  temporal. 

!1.  Middle  temporal. 
2.  Anterior  auriculars. 
3.  Transverse  of  the 
face. 

3.  Posterior  Auricular.  The  trunk  then  takes 
the  name  of  External  Jugular,  and,  in  its 
course  along  the  neck,  receives — 

4.  Cervical  Cutaneous. 
(_5.  Trachelo-scapular,  &c. 

Receives 

1.  Superior  Cerebral  Veins. 

2.  Veins  of  the  Corpus  Striatum. 

3.  Veins  of  the  Choroid  plexus. 

4.  Superior  Cerebellar  Veins. 

5.  Inferior  Cerebellar  Veins. 

6.  Lateral  and  inferior  Cerebral  Veins, 
f  1.  Lachrymal. 
I  2.  Central  of  the  retina. 

-     „  ,  ...  ,     •      tr„:„    I  3.  Infra-orbitar. 

7.  Ophthalmic   Vein,  l4Cin 

|  5.  Ethmoidal. 
I  6.  Palpebral,  and 
(^7.  Nasal  Veins, 
f  1.  Palpebral,  and 

2.  Superciliary  Veins. 

3.  Dorsals  of  the  nose. 
.   c  c  Corona- 

8.  Facia.  Vein,  called  J;  fXr-V,f 
|  annular,  near  the  eye, {  (  the  lip. 
I     receiving  the                I  fi.  Several  Buccal  and 

7.  Masseteric  Veins. 

18.  Ranine, 
I  9.  Submental,  and 
{]0.  Inferior  ralatine. 
I    9.  Lingual  and  Pharyngeal  Veins. 

10.  Superior  thyroid. 
I  11.  Occipital,  and 
(.12.  Veins  of  the  Diploe. 


composed  of  the 


S< 


2.  Rit'ht  Internal  Mammary  Vein. 

3.  Inferior  Thyroid  Vein,  opening  into  the  \  ena  Cava, 

between  tlie  two  Subclavians. 

C  1.  Right  Bronchial. 
4. VenaAzvgos,which  receives  thc<  2.  Intercostal  Veins. 
(  3.  Semiazygos. 


VEIN,  BRONCHIAL,  LEFT 


1& 


VENEREAL 


2.  VEINS  WHICH  FORM  THE  INFERIOR  VENA  CAVA. 

fl.   Femoral 
or    Crural, 

which  is  a 
continua- 
tion of  the 
2  Popliteal," 


Receive  the 
1.  External  , 
Iliacs,form-' 
ed  by  the— 


commencing  with 
the 
2.Sacro  lateral  Veins. 


2.  Internal 
-{  Iliacs  which 
"  receive 

the— 

3.  Middle  Sacral  Vein 

4.  Lumbar  Veins 
number  on 
commencing  by  an 

5.  Spermatic  Veins,  com- 
mencing with  the 


'1.  Several 
commen-  1.  External  abdominal 
cing     by    3        Saphena  veins. 

veins  which        and  2.    Circum- 

accompany  j-2.    Internal^     flex  Iliac, 
the    fibular  I     Saphena,  I      and 
arteries, and        which  re-    3.  External 
receiving       |      ceive —      |      pudic 

(.the —     "      J  (.     veins. 

f  1.    Vesical    Veins,  f  1.  Dorsal  veins  of  the 


penis  of  the  male. 
2.  Veins  of  the  cli- 
toris in  the  female. 


ei7h0siden^Abdomin:l,bra''dl- 
■?.?„„'  (2  Dorsal  branch. 


1.  Spermatic   plexus    in 
the  male. 

2.  Ovarium,     Fallopian 
tube,  &c.  in  the  female 


6.  Renal  Veins. 

7.  Capsular  and  Adipose  Veins. 

8.  Hepatic  Veins. 

9.  Middle,     1 

10.  Left,  and  >  Hepatic  Veins. 

11.  Ritfht        ) 

112.  Inferior  Diaphragmatic  Veins,  two  in  number. 

3.  VEINS  OK  THE  HEART. 

1.  Great  right  Coronary. 

2.  Small  right  Coronary. 

3.  Left  Coronary  Veins. 

4.   VEINS  WHICH  FORM  THE   VENA  F0F.T-32. 

("Receives  the 
I.  Veins  which  correspond  to  the  vasa 
brevia. 

L.SpleuicVeild  *  J'i=h,tand  left  gastroepiploic. 
>  i.  Duodenal,  and 


li 


4.  Pancreatic  veins. 

5.  Coronary  Vein  of  the  Stomach,  and 
.6.  Small  mesenteric  vein. 

2.  Superior  Mesenteric  Vein. 

VEIN,  BRONCHIAL,  LEFT,  see  Azygos— 
v.  Demi-azygous,  see  Azygos — v.  Frontal,  see 
Facial  vein  —  v.  Semi-azygous,  see  Azygos, 
(vena,) — v.  Superior  intercostal,  left,  see  Azy- 
gos— v.  Tibio-rnalleolar,  Saphena,  great — v.  Pa- 
lato  labial,  Facial  vein — v.  Peroneo-malleolar, 
Saphena  minor — v.  Varicose,  Varix. 

VE1NE,  Vein — v.  Cave,  Vena  cava — v.  Ce- 
phalique,  Jugular  vein,  internal—  v.  Ciphalique 
du  ponce,  Cephalic  vein  of  the  thumb— v.  Cu- 
bitale  cutanee,  Basilic  vein — v.  Fessiere,  Gluteal 
vein  —  v.  de  Medine,  Dracunculus  —  v.  Porte, 
Porta  vena  —  v.  Prelombo-thoracique,  Azygos, 
(vena,) — v.  Preparole,  Cephalic  vein — v.  Rudi- 
ale  cutanee,  Cephalic  vein — v.  Sans  paire,  Azy- 
gos vein — v.  Truchelo- sous- cutanee,  Jugular  vein, 
external. 

VEWES  JlRTlRlELLES,  Arterial  veins— 
v.  Ciliaires,  Ciliary  veins — v.  Sous-clavitres, 
Subclavian  veins—  v.  Sus-hcpatiques,  Hepatic 
veins. 

VEINS,   CORONARY,    Cardiac    veins-v. ' 
Intra  lobular,  Hepatic  veins— v.  Supra-hepatic, 
Hepatic  veins. 

VEINSTONE,  Phlebolite. 

VELAMENTA  BOMBYCINA,  Villous  mem- 
branes. 

VELAMENTUM  ABDOMINALE,  Perito- 
naeum— v.  Corporis  commune,  Integument. 

VELAR,  Erysimum. 

VELOSYNTHES1S,  Staphyloraphy. 

VELUM,  Velum  pendulum  palati — v.  Apo-  | 


physi  vermiformi  obtentum,  Valvula  Vieus- 
senii — v.  Interjeetum  cerebelli,  Valvula  Vieus- 
senii — v.  Medullare  anlicum,  Valvula  Vieus- 
senii. 

Velum  Medulla're  Inferius,  (F.)  Voile  me- 
dullaire  inft.rieur.  A  name  given,  by  Keil,  to 
the  medullary  band  or  strip,  by  which  the  cere- 
bellum communicates  with  the  medulla. 

Velum  Palati,  Velum  pendulum  palati — v. 
Palatinum,  Velum  pendulum  palati. 

Velum  Pen'dulum  Pala'ti,  'Pendulous  veil 
of  the  palate.'  Velum,  Velum  Palati'num,  Velum 
Palati,  Velum  Pendulum,  Velum  Staphyli'nvm, 
Clavstnnn  Palati,  Soft  Palate,  Palatum  MollS, 
Septum  Staphy/in,  (Ch.,)  (F.)  Voile  du  Palais. 
A  moveable,  soft,  and  broad  septum,  attached  to 
the  posterior  extremity  of  the  palatine  arch,  and 
separating  tl]e  mouth  from  the  pharynx.  Its 
form  is  nearly  quadrilateral.  Its  anterior  sur- 
face corresponds  to  the  mouth;  the  posterior  to 
the  pharynx.  Its  superior  edge  is  fixed  to  the 
palatine  arch;  the  inferior  is  free,  floating,  and 
has  an  appendix  at  its  middle — the  uvula.  The 
lateral  margins  of  the  velum  are  held  down  by 
two  folds,  separated  from  each  other  by  a  tri- 
angular space;  these  are  called  the  pillurs ,■  the 
anterior  parses  to  the  base  of  the  tongue,  the 
posterior  to  the  sides  of  the  pharynx.  The  ve- 
lum palati  is  formed  of  a  mucous  coat,  which 
contains  numerous  follicles,  and  of  a  muscular 
stratum,  in  which  are  the  peristaphylini  interni 
and  p.  externi  muscles,  the  glosso-staphylini, 
the  pharyngo-staphylini  arid  the  palato-staphy- 
linus.  The  arteries  of  the  velum  palati  are  fur- 
nished by  the  internal  maxillary,  the  labial  and 
the  superior  pharyngeal.  Its  veins  open  into 
the  internal  jugular.  Its  nerves  are  sent  off 
from  the  ganglion  of  Meckel,  and  come  from 
the  palatine  branches.  The  glosso-pharyngeal 
nerve,  likewise,  sends  it  some  filaments. 

Velum  Staphylinum,  Velum  pendulum  pa- 
lati—  v.  Vieussenii,  Valvula  Vieussenii. 

VENA,  Vein,  Penis — v.  Alba  renum,  Ureter 
— v.  Alba  thoracis,  Thoracic  duct — v.  Apoplec- 
tica,  Jugular  vein,  internal — v.  Arteriosa,  Porta 
vena — v.  Capitis,  Cephalic  vein — v.  Cubiti  in- 
terior, Basilic  vein — v.  Falcis  cerebri,  Sinus 
longitudinal  inferior — v.  Lactea,  Porta  vena — 
v.  Magna,  Porta  vena — v.  Medina  Arabum, 
Dracunculus — v.  Ostiaria,  Porta  vena — v.  Pari 
carens,  Azygos,  (vena.) — v.  ad  Portas,  Porta 
vena — v.  quas  ad  Portas  est,  Porta  vena — v. 
Ramalis,  Porta  vena — v.  sine  Pari,  Azygos, 
(vena.) — v.  Stelechiaea,  Porta  vena — v.  Suba- 
laris,  Vena  axillaris. 

Ven.&  Apoplectics,  Jugular  veins — v.  Cava? 
hepatis,    Hepatic    veins — v.    Concomites,   see 
Vein — v.  Galeni,  Choroid,  (veins,) — v.  Lacteal, 
Chyliferous  vessels — v.   Lymphatics,  Lympha- 
tic vessels — v.  Micantes,  (arteries.)  see  Artery 
—  v.  Pulsatiles,  (arteries,)  see  Artery — v.  Satel- 
lites, see  Vein — v.  Soporales,  Jugular  veins — v. 
Spharritides,  Jugular  veins. 
VENAL,  Venous. 
VENEFICIUM,  Poisoning. 
VENENATUS.  Venomous. 
VENENUIYT,  Poison,  Venom. 
VENE'REAL,  Vene'rens.  Aphrodisiacus,  Ve- 
ne'rean,  (F.)  Venerien:  from  Venus,  'the  goddess 
of  pleasure.'  That  which  relates  to  the  pleasures 
of  love.     In  a  more  restricted    sense  the  word 
Venereal  is  synonymous  with  syphilitic,  and  also 
with    syphilis.    Some   authors   have   proposed 


VENEREAL  DISEASE 


783 


VENTRICLES  OF  THE  HEART 


that  those  diseases  should  be  called  venereal 
which  are  produced  by  excess  in  venery;  and 
that  syphilitic  should  be  limited  to  those  which 
are  the  result  of  impure  connexion. 
Venereal  Disease,  Syphilis. 
YJLY/lRlEJY,  Venereal  (q.  v.)  This  term, 
also,  means  one  labouring  under  syphilis;  as 
Hopital  dcs  veneriens. 

VEN'ERY.   Same  etymon.  The  pleasures  of 
love.     Sexual  communication.     Coition  (q.  v.1 
VENESECTION,  see  Blood-letting 
VENIMEUX,  Venomous. 

VEJY1JY,  Venom. 

VENOM,  Venc'nunt,  Tox'icum,  (F.)  Venin. 
A  poisonous  fluid,  secreted  by  certain  animals, 
as  the  viper,  in  a  state  of  health,  and  which 
they  preserve  in  a  particular  reservoir,  to  use 
as  a  means  of  attack  or  defence.  It  differs,  ac- 
cording to  some,  from  virus,  as  the  latter  is  al- 
ways the  result  of  a  morbid  process,  which  may 
be  produced  by  the  individuals  who  receive  it, 
in  their  turn,  and  be  transmitted  to  others. 

Venom,  Quickening,  Sperm — v.  Vital, Sperm. 

VEN'OMOUS,  Venena'tus,  (F.)  Venimeux. 
An  epithet  applied  to  animals  which  have  a 
secretion  of  venom,  as  the  viper,  rattlesnake, 
&c,  and,  by  some,  to  liquids,  in  the  animal  body 
which  have  been  so  perverted  by  previous  dis- 
ease, that  their  contact  occasions  serious  mis- 
chief in  sound  individuals;  as  happens  in  hy- 
drophobia. Virus  is  more  commonly  used  in 
this  case. 

VENOSITAS,  Venosity. 

VENOS'ITY,  Venos'itus,  Ve'nousness,  Venous 
state,  Venous  cac/iex'ia,  from  vena,  ;a  vein.'  A 
condition  in  which,  it  has  been  supposed,  the 
blood  is  moved  slowly;  is  more  venous;  and 
the  venous  blood  itself  in  greater  quantity. 
This  state  is  said  to  be  chiefly  observed  in  he- 
morrhoids, gout,  hypochondriasis,  melancholia, 
&c,  &c. —  Puchelt. 

VENOUS,  Venal,  Veno'sus,-  same  etymon. 
Appertaining  to  a  vein;  or  to  the  blood  of  the 
veins; — as  venous  cachexia;  venous  pulse. 

Venous  Cachexia,  Venosity— v.  Hum,  Bruit 
de  (liable— v.  State,  Venosity — v.  System,  ab- 
dominal. Porta  vena— v.  System,  see  Vascular. 

VENOUSNESS,  Venosity. 

VENT,  Wind. 

VENTER,  Uterus— v.  Imus,  Abdomen,  Hy- 
pogastrium — v.  Inferius,  Abdomen — v.  Medius, 
Thorax — v.  Parvus,  Hypogastrium — v.  Propen- 
dens,  Hysteroloxia  anterior — v.  Renum,  Pelvis 
of  tlie  kidney — v.  Superius,  Cavum  cranii. 

VEXTEUX,  Windy. 

VENTILATION,  Ventila'tio,-  from  ventus, 
'wind.'  The  act  of  renewing  the  air  of  vessels, 
hospitals,  and  apartments,  or  of  situations  where 
many  people  are  collected  together.  The  utility 
of  such  renewal  must  be  evident,  when  it  is 
considered  that  atmospheric  air  loses  its  oxygen 
durino-  respiration,  and  that  carbonic  acid  sup- 
plies "its  place.  Stagnant  air,  also,  becomes 
loaded  with  numerous  impurities ;  and  hence 
one  of  the  greatest  hygienic  improvements,  of 
modern  times,  has  been  a  proper  attention  to 
circulation  of  air.  It  is,  moreover  one  of  the 
most  valuable  additions  to  our  stock  of  thera- 
peutical agencies  in  many  diseases. 

Instruments,  used  for  the  purpose  of  renew- 
ing the  air,  in  ships,  apartments,  &C,  have 
been  called  ventilators. 

yENTOSIT£,Fla\ulence. 


VEJVTOUSES  SC.1R1FIEES,  Cupping  with 
the  scarificator. 

VEJVTOUSES  StCHES,  Cuppino-,  dry. 
VFNTRA'LE   CUTA'NEUM,   '  Cula'neous 
apron.'      (F.)   Tublier.     An   elongation    of  the 
nymphae  in  the  Bosjesman  female,  which  hangs 
down  before  the  vulva  like  an  apron. 

VENTRE,  Abdomen — v.  Inferieur,  Abdomen 
— v.  Resserre,  Constipation. 

VENTRICLE,  Vcntric'ulus;  diminutive  of 
venter,  'belly.'  Literally,  a  Utile  belly.  A 
name  given,  in  anatomy,  to  various  parts. 

Ventricle  of  Arantius.  A  small  cavity 
lined  with  gray  substance,  at  the  point  of  the 
calamus  scriptorius. 

Ventricles  of  the  Brain,  Ventriculi  seu 
Cavita'tes  seu  Sinus  Cer'ebri,  (F.)  Ventricules 
du  cerveau,  are  five  cavities  in  the  interior  of 
that  organ,  which  are  distinguished  into  the 
lateral  ventricles,  middle  ventricle,  4th  ventricle 
or  ventricle  of  the  cerebellum,  and  5th  ventricle. 
The  middle  ventricle  or  2d  ventricle,  (F.)  Ven- 
triculc  moyen  du  cerveau,  is  situate  in  front  of 
the  pineal  gland.  It  is  bounded,  above,  by  the 
tela  choroidea  and  the  fornix;  below,  by  a  por- 
tion of  cerebral  substance,  which  separates  it 
from  the  base  of  the  cranium;  laterally,  by  the 
thalami  nervorum  opticorum;  anteriorly,  by  a 
medullary  cord,  called  the  anterior  commissure ; 
and,  posteriorly,  by  another  medullary  cord, 
called  the  "posterior  commissure.  It  communi- 
cates with  the  lateral  ventricles  by  two  open- 
ings, situate  behind  the  anterior  pillar  or  crus 
of  the  fornix.  The  Lateral  Ventricles,  Vcntric' 
uli  majo'res,  V.  prio'res,  V.  superio'  res,  V.  tri- 
cor'nes,  (F.)  Ventricules  lateraux,  are  two  in 
number.  They  are  large,  and  owing  to  their 
considerable  curvature,  occupy  a  great  part  of 
the  cerebral  centre.  They  are  bounded,  above, 
by  the  inferior  surface  of  the  corpus  callosum; 
anteriorly,  by  the  curved  portion  of  the  same 
body;  posteriorly,  by  a  considerable  mass  of  ce- 
rebral substance;  and,  internally,  they  are  sepa- 
rated from  each  other  by  the  septum  of  the  ven- 
tricles,— a  medullary  plate,  which  is  given  off 
from  the  lower  part  of  the  corpus  callosum. 
The  lateral  ventricles  have,  in  their  upper  and 
anterior  portion,  the  Corpora  striata,  Thalami 
optici,  and  Txnia  semicircular is  .-—their  inferior 
portion  contains  the  corpus  fimbriatum,  cornu 
Ammonis,  &c.  The  Fourth  Ventricle,  (F.)  Qua- 
trieme  venlricule,  is  situate  beneath  the  aqueduct 
of  Si/lvius,  by  which  it  communicates  with  the 
third  ventricle.  It  extends  from  this  aqueduct 
to  the  upper  part  of  the  medulla;  and  is  seated 
in  the  substance  of  the  tuber  annulare.  The 
Fifth  Ventricle,  (F.)  Cinquieme  vcntricule,  is  I  he 
small  serous  cavity  between  the  laminae  of  the 
septum  lucidum; — called,  also,  Fissure  or  Fossa 
of  Sylvius  or  Sinus  of  the  Septum  lu'cidum. 

Ventricles  of  the  Heart,  Ventric'uli  Cor- 
dis, Specus  Cordis,  (F.)  Ventricules  du  casur,  ate 
two  in  number.  The  Right  Ventricle,  Pulmo- 
nary ventricle,  Vcntric'ulus  anterior,  V.  primus, 
V.  pulmona'lis,  (F.)  Venlricule  dioit  ou  pulmo- 
nale, is  situate  at  the  fore- part  of  the  heart, 
the  base  and  apex  corresponding  to  those  of  the 
heart.  In  it  are  seen  the  Columns  cameae  and 
Cordse  lendinece.  The  right  ventricle  commu- 
nicates with  the  right  auricle  by  the  Ostium  re- 
nosum,  and  from  it  the  Pulmonary  artery  issues. 
Around  the  auricular  orifice  is  a  tendinous 
margin  or  ring,  from  which  the  tricuspid  valve 


VENTRICLES  OF  THE  LARYNX        784 


VERATRUM  SABADILLA 


is  given  oft.  The  use  of  the  ventricle  is  to  send 
the  blood,  by  its  contraction  along  the  pulmo- 
nary artery  to  the  lungs.  The  Left  Ventricle, 
Venlric'uhis  aor'licus,  V.  posterior,  V.  secundus, 
(F.)  Yentricule  gauche  ou  aortique,  is  situate  at 
the  posterior  and  left  part  of  the  heart.  Its  pa- 
rietes  are  much  thicker  and  stronger  than  those 
of  the  right,  owing  to  its  having  to  send  the 
blood  over  the  whole  system.  The  inner  sur- 
face has  the  same  general  appearance  as  that 
of  the  right.  The  Columns',  corneas  and  Cordo. 
tendinex  are,  however,  much  stronger.  It  com- 
municates witli  the  left  auricle  by  means  of  the 
Mitral  valve;  and  from  it  proceeds  the  largest 
blood-vessel  of  the  body, —  the  aorta. 

Ventricles  of  the  Larynx,  Sac'culi  laryn- 
geal, Sinuses  of  ike  Larynx,  (F.)  Ventricules  ou 
Sinus  du  larynx,  are  two  depressions  in  the  la- 
rynx, comprised  between  the  superior  and  in- 
ferior ligaments. 

Ventricle.  Pulmonary,  V.  right. 

VENTRICULE  AORTIQUE,  Ventricle,  left 
— v.  Cinquieme,  Ventricle,  fifth — v.  Droit,  Ven- 
tricle, right — v.  Gauche,  Ventricle,  left — v. 
Moyen  du  Cerveau,  Ventricle,  middle,  of  the 
brain — v.  Pulmonaire,  Ventricle,  right — v.  Qua- 
trieme,  Ventricle,  fourth. 

VENTRICULES  DU  CERVEAU,  Ventricles 
of  the  brain — v.  du  Cccur,  Ventricles  of  the 
heart — v.  LaUraux,  Ventricles,,  lateral. 

VENTRICULI  CORDIS,  Ventricles  of  the 
heart — v.  Dissolutio,  Gastro-malacia—  v.  Dura; 
matris,  Sinuses  of  the  dura  mater — v.  Emolli- 
tio,  Gastro-malacia — v.  Majores,  Ventricles,  la- 
teral— v.  Metamorphosis  gelatiniformis,  Gas- 
tro-malacia— v.  Perforatio,  Gastro-brosis — v. 
Priores,  Ventricles,  lateral — v.  Pseudophlogo- 
sis  resolutiva  et  colliquativa,  Gastro-malacia — 
v.  Superiores,  Ventricles,  lateral — v.  Tricornes, 
Ventricles,  lateral. 

VENTRICULUS,  Stomach,  Ventricle— v. 
Anterior,  Ventricle,  right — v.  Aorticus,  Ventri- 
cle, left. 

Ventriculus  Callosus,  'Callous  stomach.' 

The  gizzard  or  third  stomach,  of  the  gallinace- 
ous bird.  It  consists  of  a  double-bellied  or  di- 
gastric muscle;  is  lined  by  a  firm  cuticle,  and 
forms  a  kind  of  pouch  depending  from  the  ali- 
mentary tube,  in  which  the  second  stomach 
terminates,  and  from  which  the  duodenum  or 
Ventriculus  succenturiatus  issues.  In  the  inte- 
rior of  the  gizzard,  there  are  numerous  pebbles, 
which  seem  to  be  destined  to  aid  in  the  tritu- 
ration of  the  food.  The  gizzard  is  an  organ  of 
mastication,  and  is  possessed  of  great  muscular 
power. 

Ventriculus  Posterior,  Ventricle,  left — v. 
Pulmonalis,  Ventricle,  right — v.  Primus,  Ven- 
tricle, right — v.  Secundus,  Ventricle,  left — v. 
Succenturiatus,  Duodenum. 

VEJVTRILOQUE,  Engaslrimythos. 

VENTRILOQUIST,  Engastrimythos. 

VENTROSITAS,  Physconia. 

VENTUS,  Wind. 

VENULA,  Phlebion,  diminutive  of  Vena.  A 
small  vein.  Hippocrates  seems  to  use  it  in  the 
same  sense  as  Jirteria. 

VENUS,  Clitoris,  Coition,  Cupium — v.  Crys- 
tals of,  Cupri  subacetas — v.  Crystaux  de,  Cupri 
subacetas. 

VER  CUCURBITAIN,Tsen\a  solium— v.  Cu- 
tane1,  Dracunculus — v.  Filaire,  Dracunculus — 
v.  de  G«i'nc'e,Dracunculus — v.  Luisant, Cicindela 


— v.  de  Medine,  Dracunculus — v.   Solitaire,  Bo- 
thriocephalus  latus,  Trenia  solium. 

VERATRIA,  Veratrina. 

VERATRl'NA,  Vcra'lria,  Ver'alrine.  A  ve- 
getable alkali,  found  in  the  seeds  of  the  Vera'- 
trum  Suhadil  la  and  in  the  Veratrum  album  and 
Col'clucum  autumna'le.  It  is  solid,  white,  pul- 
verulent, and  inodorous;  of  a  very  acrid  taste; 
decomposable  by  heat;  very  soluble  in  water, 
and  soluble  in  alcohol.  When  prepared  in  the 
usual  manner,  it  still  contains  other  substances, 
—  Subadillin,  Veratrin,  gum  resin  of  the  Saba- 
dilla,and  a  black  greasy  matter.  It  is  extremely 
poisonous,  and  is  but  little  used  internally  in 
medicine.  Magendie  has  given  it  as  an  emetic 
and  drastic  in  very  small  doses.  Of  late,  it  has 
been  recommended  to  be  applied  in  the  way 
of  friction,  or  endermically,  (from  gr.  v  to  xx,  to 
5J  of  lard  or  cerate,)  in  various  neuralgic  affec- 
tions. The  following  is  the  formula  for  its  pre- 
paration in  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United 
Stales,  (1842:) — Take  of  cevadilla,  Ibij;  alcohol 
3  gallons;  diluted  sulphuric  acid,  solution  of  am- 
monia, purified  animal  charcoal,  and  magnesia, 
each  a  sufficient  quantity.  Boil  the  cevadilla 
in  a  gallon  of  the  alcohol,  in  a  retort  with  a  re- 
ceiver attached,  for  an  hour,  and  pour  off  the 
liquor.  To  the  residue  add  another  gallon  of 
the  alcohol,  together  with  the  portion  recently 
distilled;  again  boil  for  an  hour,  and  pour  off 
the  liquor.  Repeat  the  boiling  a  third  time 
with  the  remaining  alcohol,  and  with  that  dis- 
tilled in  the  previous  operation.  Pres3  the 
cevadilla,  mix  and  strain  the  liquors,  and,  by 
means  of  a  water  bath,  distil  off  the  alcohol. 
Boil  the  residue  three  or  four  limes  in  water 
acidulated  with  sulphuric  acid,  mix  and  strain 
the  liquors,  and  evaporate  to  the  consistence  of 
syrup.  Add  magnesia  in  slight  excess,  shake 
the  mixture  frequently,  then  express  and  wash 
what  remains.  Repeat  the  expression  and  wash- 
ing two  or  three  times,  and  having  dried  the 
residue,  digest  it  with  a  gentle  heat  several 
times  in  alcohol,  and  strain  after  each  diges- 
tion. Distil  off  the  alcohol  from  the  mixed  li- 
quors, boil  the  residue  for  15  minutes  in  water 
with  a  little  sulphuric  acid  and  purified  ani- 
mal charcoal,  and  strain.  Having  thoroughly 
washed  what  remains,  mix  the  washings  with 
the  strained  liquor,  evaporate  with  a  moderate 
heat  to  the  consistence  of  syrup,  and  then  drop 
in  as  much  solution  of  ammonia  as  may  be  ne- 
cessary to  precipitate  the  veratria.  Lastly,  se- 
parate the  precipitate.  See  Colchicum  au- 
tumnale. 

VERA'TRUM  ALBUM,  Helkb'orus  albus, 
EUeb'orum  album,  Clierbuchem,  White  hellebore, 
(F.)  Hellebore  blanc.  The  root  or  rhizoma  of 
this  common  European  plant  is  indebted  to  the 
Verutrine  for  its  properties.  It  is  inodorous: 
has  a  bitterish,  acrid,  and  nauseous  taste,  and  is 
violently  emetic  and  purgative,  even  when  ap- 
plied to  an  ulcerated  surface.  It  is,  also,  pos- 
sessed of  errhine  properties,  and  acts,  exter- 
nally, as  a  stimulant.  It  is  rarely  exhibited 
internally.  Sometimes  it  is  given  as  a  sneezina 
powder;  but  it  operates  with  great  violence. 
It  forms,  also,  an  itch  ointment.  See  Ung. 
Veratri. 

Veratrum  Sabadil'la,  Snhadilla,  Canis  In- 
terfec'tor,  Caus'ticvm  America' Hum,  Cevadil'la 
Hispano'rum,  Sevadilla,  Ilur'deum  caus' Ileum, 
(F.)    Cevadillc.     The  seeds  of  this  plant  have 


VERATRUM  VIRIDE 


785 


VERRE 


been  used,  mostly,  as  anthelmintics.  Dose, 
gr.  ij  to  a  child,  four  years  old.  It  possesses 
the  same  general  properties  as  the  veratrum 
album. 

Veratrum  Viride,  Amtricanhellebore,Swamp 
hellebore,  Indian  poke,  Indian  Uncus,  Poke  weed, 
Bear  weed.  Itch  iceed,  Tickle  weed,  Earth  gull, 
Devilbit,  Wolfbane,  Puppet  root,  is  indigenous 
in  the  swampy  districts  of  almost  every  part  of 
the  United  States.  Its  properties  are  like  those 
of  the  genus. 

VERBASCULUM,  Primula  veris. 
VERBAS'CUM  NIGRUM,  Black  Mullein, 
Cande'la  regia,  Thapsus  bar bd his,  Tapsus  barbaf- 
tus,  Candelu'riu,  Lana'ria,-  and  the  Verbas'cum 
Thapsus,  great  broad-leaved  mullein,  High  Taper, 
Cow's  Lungwort,  or  Yellow  Mullein,  (F.)  Mo- 
lene,  Bouillon  blanc.  Family,  Solaneae.  Sex. 
Syst.  Pentandria  Monogynia, — especially  the 
latter, — have  been  used  as  emollients,  applied 
externally  in  the  form  of  fomentation.  The 
large  leaves  have  been  chosen  for  this  purpose. 
Occasionally,  the  mucilage  which  they  con- 
tain has  been  extracted  by  decoction  or  infu- 
sion, and  administered  in  pectoral  affections. 
Verbascum  Thapsus,  V.  nigrum. 
VERBE'NA  HAS'TULA,  an  American  spe- 
cies, is  more  bitter  than  the  European,  and  said 
to  be  emetic. 

Verbe'na  Officinalis,  Verbena,  Dichro'mos, 
Verbenu'ca,  Periste'rium,  Hierobot'ane,  Herba 
sacra,  Vervain,  Purvain  (F.)  Verveine.  Family, 
Pyrenacese.  Sex.  Syst.  Diandria  Mynogynia. 
A  plant  formerly  held  sacred;  used  in  sacri- 
fices, and  suspended  round  the  neck  as  an 
amulet.  In  the  form  of  a  cataplasm,  it  is  said 
to  have  relieved  obstinate  headaches,  and  to 
have  been  of  service  in  scrofula.  It  is  not  used. 
Verbe'na  Urticifo'lia,  an  indigenous  spe- 
cies, has  been  used  in  poisoning  from  Rhus 
Toxicodendron. 

VERBENACA,  Verbena  officinalis. 
VERBUS,  Penis. 

VERCOQ ULY,  Phreni'tis  vermino'sa.  A  form 
of  phrenitis,  attributed  to  the  presence  of  a  worm 
in  the  brain '. 

VERDET,  Cupri  subacetas. 
VERDIGRIS,  Cupri  subacetas. 
VERETRUM,  Penis. 

VERGE,  Penis— v.  d' Or,  Solidago  virgaurea. 
VERGE RETTE  DE  PHILADELPHIE, 
Ericreron  Philadelphicum. 
VERGETURES,  Vibices. 
VERJUICE,  Ompha'cium,  (F.)   Verjus,  verd- 
jus.     A    sour  kind    of  grape.     Also,    an    acid 
liquor  prepared  from  very  sour  grapes  or  crab- 
apples.     It  is  principally  used  in  culinary  pre- 
parations; although,  occasionally,  an  ingredient 
in  medicinal  compounds.     See  Vitis  vimfera. 
VERJUS,  Verjuice. 
VERMES.  Worms. 

VERMICULAIRE  BRULAATE,  Sedum. 
VERMICULAR,  Vermiform. 
VERMICULARIS,  Lumbncal.s,  Sedum. 
VERMIC'ULUM,    Vermycilum 
,  tinntnrp  —Ruland  and  Johnson. 
VErSiCULUS    CAPILLARIS,   Dracun- 

CUVFR'MIFORM,  Vcrmic'ular,  Vermicula'ris, 
Vermifor'misjrom  m-m/s,  <a  worm,  mdforma, 
'form'     That  which  resembles  a  worm. 

VeRm'jfobm  Processes  Processus  Verjm- 
f  rrics    Prolubcmn'tia  verm>formts,  Appendices 


An   elixir, 


vermiformes,  (F.)  Imminences  vermiformes  du  cer- 
relet,  are  two  medullary  projections,  at  the  sur- 
face of  the  cerebellum.  The  superior  vermiform 
process,  Vermis  superior  cerebelli,  is  an  elongated 
projection,  at  the  anterior  and  middle  part  of 
the  superior  surface  of  the  cerebellum; — and  the 
inferior  vermiform  process,  Vermis  inferior  cere- 
belli, is  a  somewhat  large  projection,  situate  in 
the  depression  at  the  inferior  surface  of  the 
same  organ.  The  anterior  portion  of  the  supe- 
rior vermiform  process  is  elevated,  and  termed 
Monticulus. 

VERMIFUGE,  Anthelmintic,  Helmintha- 
gogue. 

Vermifuge,  Mathieu's.  This  consisted  of 
two  distinct  electuaries;  the  one  for  killing, 
the  other  for  expelling  the  tape-worm.  The 
former  consisted  of  an  ounce  of  tin  filings,  and 
six  drachms  of  fern  root. 

VERMIFUGUS,  Anthelmintic. 
VERMILION,  Hydrargyri  sulphuretum  ru- 
brum. 

VERMILLOJV  DE  PROVENCE,  Antimonii 
sulphuretum  rubrum. 

VERMINATIO,  Helminthiasis. 
VERMINATION,  CUTANEOUS,  Malis. 
VERMINEUX,  Verminous. 
VERM'INOUS,  Vcrrnino'sus,(F.)  Vermineux. 
That  which  is  caused  by  worms;  as  a.verminous 
affection. 

VERMIS  BOMBYCINUS,Cornu  ammonis— 
v.  Cerebelli,  Vermiform  process — v.  Cucurbiti- 
nus.  Tamia  solium. 

VERMITIO,  Helminthiasis. 
VERNIX  CASEOSA.    The  fatty  varnish,  or 
deposit,  often   found   on   the    foetus,   which   is 
secreted  by  the  sebaceous  follicles  of  the  skin. 
Vernix  Sicca,  Sandarac. 
VERNO'JNIA  ANTHELMINTICA,  Jlscari- 
cidaanthelmintica,  Calagirah,  Calageri.   A  plant 
which  is  indigenous  in  India.     Family,  Com- 
posites.    Sex.  Syst.  Syngenesia  Polygamia  su- 
perflua.     It  has  great  celebrity  in  the  East  In- 
dies, and  is  a  bitter  tonic;   but  the   seeds  are 
chiefly  used  as  an  anthelmintic,  in  cases  of  as- 
carides  and  lumbrici  in  children. 

VEROLE,  Syphilis—  v.   Petite,   Variola— v. 
Petite  volante,  Varicella. 
VEROLETTE,  Varicella. 
VERONI'CA,   Veronica  officinalis,    Veronica 
mas,  Thea  German' ica,  Beton'ica  Pauli,  Chumse'- 
drys,  Male    Veronica,  Flucllin,   Officinal,  Speed- 
well, (F.)    V'tronique,   The  d'Europe.     Family, 
Rhinanthodese.  Sex.  Syst.  Diandria  Monogynia. 
This  plant  was  once  used  as  a  pectoral. 
Veronica  Aquatica,  V.  beccabunga. 
Veronica    Beccabun'ga,   Beccabunga,  Ana- 
gal' lis  aquat'ica,  haver   German' nam ,    Veronica 
aquaticu,    Cepaea,    Water  Pim'pernel,  Brooklane, 
Brooklime  Speedwell,  Water  Speedwell,  Neckweed, 
Water  Purslain,  (F.)    Vdronique  cressonce.    This 
plant  was  formerly  used   in   a   variety   of  dis- 
eases.    It  is,  however,  almost  insipid   and   in- 
odorous;   and    has   been    long    banished    from 

DTclC  tlCG 

Veronica  Mas,  Veronica— v.  Officinalis,  Ve- 
ronica—v.  Purpurea,  Betonica  officinalis— v. 
Virginica,  Leptandria  Virginica. 

VEROMQUE,  Veronica— v.  Cressonee,  Ve- 
ronica beccabunga. 

VERPA,  Penis. 

VERRE,  Vitrura—  v. d'Anlimoine,  Antimonii 
vitrum. 


VERRUCA 


?SG 


VERTEBRAL  DISEASE 


VERRU'CA,  Ecphy'ma  verruca,  Phymato'sis 
verruco'sa,  a  Wart,  (F.)  Verrue.  A  small,  hard, 
mammillary  tumour,  which  forms  at  the  sur- 
face of  the  skin,  and  particularly  on  that  of  the 
hands  and  face.  Warts  are  generally  rugous  at 
the  surface,  and  broad  at  the  base;  their  roots 
being  implanted  in  the  derma  by  whitish  fila- 
ments which  are  dense,  semifibrous,  and  very 
numerous. 

Warts  may  be  destroyed  by  caustic,  or  re- 
moved by  excision.  Their  vitality  is,  general- 
ly, not  great. 

Verruca  Minor, Thy mion — v.  Palpebrarum, 
see  Hydatid. 

VERRUCARIA.  Heliotropium  Europium. 

VERRUE,  Verruca. 

VERS,  Worms. 

VERSIO  SPONTANEA,  Evolution  sponta- 
neous. 

VERSION,  Turning 

VERT-DE-GRIS,  Cupri  subacetas. 

VERTEBRA  DENTATA,  Axis. 

VER'T  EBRJE, Spon'dyli,  (F  )  Vcrtebres,- from 
vertere,  '  to  turn.'  This  name  has  been  given 
to  the  bones,  which  by  their  union  form  the 
vertebral  or  spinal  column.  The  vertebras  are 
short,  thick,  very  angular  bones;  twenty-four 
in  number,  and  situate  one  above  another.  The 
body  of  the  vertebra  is  the  middle  and  anterior 
portion.  Above  and  below,  it  is  articulated,  by 
means  of  a  fibro-cartilage,  with  the  contiguous 
vertebra;.  The  Processes,  (F.)  Masses  apopbysaires, 
of  each  vertebra  are: — 1.  The  spinous  process, 
situate  behind,  and  in  the  median  line.  2.  The 
two  transverse  jiroccsses,  standing  off  from  each 
side.  3.  The  four  articular  processes — two  su- 
perior, and  two  inferior — which  serve  to  unite 
the  vertebras  with  each  other.  These  transverse 
and  articulating  processes  are  made  continuous 
with  the  lateral  and  posterior  parts  of  the  body 
of  the  vertebra  by  narrow  bony  portions  or  pe- 
dicles, on  each  of  which  are  notches.  These, 
by  their  union  with  similar  notches  in  the  con- 
tiguous vertebia,  form  the  lateral  foramina,  ^F.) 
Irons  de  conjugaison,  through  which  the  spinal 
nerves  leave  the  vertebral  canal.  The  different 
processes  are  united  with  each  other,  so  as  to 
form  a  kind  of  ring  of  the  lateral  and  posterior 
parts  of  the  vertebra;  and  the  foramen,  within 
this,  i.  e.  between  the  body  and  processes,  con- 
curs in  forming  the  vertebral  canal.  The  ver- 
tebra? have  particular  characters,  according  to 
the  regions  they  occupy.  They  are  divided 
into  seven  cervical,  twelve  dorsal,  and  five  lum- 
bar. The  first  cervical  is  called  atlas;  the  se- 
cond, axis  or  vertebra  dentata ;  and  the  seventh, 
vertebra  proeminens.  The  vertebrae  are  articu- 
lated with  each  other.  Those  of  the  back  are 
joined,  moreover,  to  the  ribs.  The  first  or  atlas 
is  articulated  with  the  occipital  bone;  and  the 
last  lumbar  vertebras  with  the  sacrum.  The 
cervical  vertebras  are  developed  by  nine  points 
of  ossification ;  the  dorsal  and  lumbar  by  eio-ht. 

VER'TEBRAL,  Vertebra' lis.  That  which 
relates  or  belongs  to  the  vertebras. 

Vertebral  Artfuv,  Posterior  cerebral  ar- 
tery, (Ch..)  is  the  largest  of  the  branches  of  the 
subclavian.  It  arises  from  the  posterior  part 
of  that  vessel;  is  lodged  in  a  canal,  (F.)  Petit 
canal  vertebral,  formed  by  the  foramina  in  the 
transverse  processes;  enters  the  cranium,  and 
proceeds  to  anastomose  with  its  fellow  of  the 
opposite  side,  and  to  form   the  Basilury  artery, 


(q.  v.)  Besides  the  branches  sent  to  the  neck, 
the  vertebral  artery  gives  off — the  anterior  and 
posterior  spinal  arteries,  and  the  inferior  ccre- 
bellous,  in  the  cavity  of  the  cranium. 

Vertebral  Column,  Rachis,  Rhachis,  J\'n- 
tos ;  the  Spine,-  the  back  bone,  Can'na,  C. 
hom'inis,  Spina  dorsi  seu  verlebralis,  Colum'na 
spina'lis,  C.  vertebra' lis,  C.  dorsi,  Spina,  Dor- 
sum, Tergum,  Compa'ges  Vertebra' rum,  flcan'- 
tha,  Sacra  fistula,  lliera  Syrinx,  (F.)  Colonne 
vertebrate,  lipine  du  dos,  itchine.  A  kind  of  bony 
column,  situate  at  the  posterior  and  central 
part  of  the  trunk;  extending  from  the  head  to 
the  sacrum;  flexible  in  every  direction,  yet 
very  solid;  and  hollowed  by  a  canal  called  ver- 
tebral, which  gives  it  lightness  without  dimi- 
nishing its  strength,  and  runs  through  its  whole 
length.  The  vertebral  column  is  formed  by 
the  superposition  of  the  vertebras.  It  represents 
a  pyramid,  whose  base  is  below.  Anteriorly,  it 
is  convex  in  the  neck  ;  concave  in  the  back,  and 
convex,  again,  in  the  loins.  Behind,  the  curva- 
tures are  of  course  the  reverse  of  these.  There 
is  also,  in  the  dorsal  region,  a  lateral  curvature, 
the  concavity  of  which  is  towards  the  left  side. 
Considered  as  a  whole,  the  vertebral  column 
has  an  anterior  or  prespinal  surface;  a  posterior 
or  spinal ;  two  lateral,-  a  base,  and  an  apex  or 
top.  In  the  nomenclature  of  Chaussier,  the 
anterior  surface,  in  the  neck,  is  called  trache- 
lian ,■  in  the  back  predorsal,-  and,  in  the  loins, 
prelumbar.  The  dorsal  surface  has,  at  its  mid- 
dle, the  spinous  processes;  and,  at  its  sides, 
the  vertebral  gutters,  (F.)  Gouttieres  rertebrales, 
formed  by  the  succession  of  the  vertebral  plates, 
(F.)  Lames  vert ebr ales,  which,  by  their  junction, 
constitute  the  spinous  processes.  These  are 
filled  by  the  sacro-spihalis  muscle.  The  sides 
or  lateral  surfaces  present  the  foramina,  result- 
ing from  the  union  of  the  vertebral,  notches,  (F.) 
£ciiancrurcs  vertebrates.  These  are  called  ver- 
tebral foramina,  (F.)  Trous  de  conjugaison,  and 
give  passage  to  the  vertebral  nerves.  The  base 
of  the  vertebral  column  is  oblique,  to  unite  with 
the  sacrum;  and  forms  with  it  an  angle,  called 
sacro-vertcbral  angle  or  promontory.  The  apex 
or  top  of  the  vertebral  column  is  articulated 
with  the  occipital  bone.  Sometimes,  the  term 
vertebral  column  includes  the  whole  of  the  co- 
lumn from  the  occipital  bone  to  the  extremity 
of  the  coccyx.  The  Vertebral  or  Spinal  Canal, 
Rachid'ian  Canal,  exists  through  the  whole  of 
the  vertebral  column,  whose  curvatures  it  fol- 
lows. It  is  continuous,  above,  with  the  cra- 
nium; below,  with  the  sacral  canal,  if  we  con- 
sider the  vertebras  to  terminate  at  the  sacrum. 
It  is  lined  by  a  prolongation  of  the  meninges, 
forming  the  Theca  vcrlebralis,  and  lodges  the 
spinal  marrow. 

The  vertebral  column,  which  unites  light- 
ness with  solidity,  serves  to  support  the  head 
and  chest.  It  is  the  seat  of  all  the  movements 
of  the  trunk,  the  weight  of  which  it  transmits 
to  the  pelvis.  It  lodges  and  protects  the  spinal 
marrow,  and  gives  passage  to  the  vertebral 
nerves,  and  to  numerous  vessels. 

Vertebral  Disease,  Rachial'gia  (of  some,) 
Caries  of  the  Vertebrae,  Spondyluribroi'uie.  Spon- 
dyloc'uce,  Kyplio'sis  inftammato'ria,  K.paralyt'ica, 
Gibbos'itas  cario'sa,  Ca'ries  vertebra' mm,  Spon- 
dylalgia, Spondylopyo'sis,  Tubercu/o'sis  Verte- 
bra'rum.  The  spinal  column  is  liable  to  dis- 
tortion, (see  Hump)  at  times,  without  the  ver- 


VERTEBRAL  LIGAMENTS 


787 


VESICULA  UMBILICALIS 


tebrso  being  much,  if  at  all,  diseased.  At  other 
timet,  a  more  formidable  affection  is  induced; 
the  vertebra)  becoming  carious,  and  the  inter- 
vertebral cartilages  ulcerated;  followed  by  a 
more  or  less  complete  loss  of  power  over  the 
lower  extremities.  In  such  case,  on  examining 
the  spine,  one  or  more  of  the  spinous  processes 
is  found  to  project  beyond  the  rest.  The  dis- 
ease was  first  well  described  by  Mr.  Percival 
Pott;  and,  hence,  it  has  been  called,  by  the 
French,  Maladie  tie  Pott,  Malum  Potlii,  Gibbus 
Pottii,  or  Putt's  disease.  It  usually  occurs  in 
scrofulous  subjects,  and  the  treatment  con- 
sists in  establishing  a  counter-irritation  by  blis- 
ters, issues,  or  the  moxa,  opposite  the  trans- 
verse processes  of  the  diseased  vertebra.  The 
sore  must  be  suffered  to  remain  open  and  the 
patient  kept  in  the  horizontal  posture  until  the 
use  of  the  limbs  is  recovered ;  employing  tonics 
—the  free  admission  of  fresh  air,  &c.  at  the 
same  time. 

Vertebral  Ligaments,  (F.)  Ligamens  ver- 
tebraux,  Suitouts  ligamenteux  de  la  colonne  ver- 
tebrate, are  distinguished  into  anterior  and 
posterior.  They  consist  of  long,  ligamentous 
coverings;  the  anterior  occupying  the  anterior 
part  of  the  vertebral  column;  and  the  posterior 
seeming  to  arise  from  the  occipito-axoid  liga- 
ment, and  sealed  behind  the  bodies  of  the  ver- 
tebra, from  the  axis  to  the  sacrum. 

Vertebral  or  Spinal  Nerves  spring  suc- 
cessively from  the  spinal  marrow;  from  its 
origin  to  its  termination.  These  nerves — 30 
pairs  in  all — arise  by  two  roots;  one  anteiior, 
and  the  other  posterior,  and  afterwards  issue 
by  the  vertebral  and  sacral  foramina.  Each  of 
these  roots  seems  to  have  a  distinct  function; 
the  posterior  being  destined  to  convey  sensa- 
tion to  parts;  the  anterior,  motion.  On  the 
posterior  root,  before  its  junction  with  the  an- 
terior, there  is  a  ganglion.  Of  the  30  pairs,  7 
are  cervical  verves,  Li  dorsal,  5  lumbar,  and  6 
sacral.     See  Nerves. 

Vertebral  Nerve,  Trisplanchnic. 

VRRTkHRES.  Vertebra;. 

VERTEBROILIAC  LIGAMENT,  Ileo-lum- 
bar  ligament. 

VERTEX,  Cor'yphe.  The  top  orhighest  part 
of  the  head.     See  Sinciput. 

Vertex  Cubiti,  Olecranon — v.  Palpitans, 
Fontnnella. 

VERTIGE,  Vertigo. 

VERTI'GO,  from  vertere,  'to  turn;'  Dinos 
IHn'gos,  Giddiness,  Dizziness,  Dinus  verti'go, 
EaUucinatio  vertigo,  Autal'gia  vertigo,  Sioim- 
miiur  of  Ike  head,  (F.)  Vertige,  £tonrdisscment. 
A  sfate  in  which  it  seems  that  all  objects  are 
turning  round;  or  that  the  individual  himself 
is  performing  a  movement  of  gyration.  Two 
varieties  have  been  designated ;— simple  vertigo, 
where  Ihe  objects  are  seen ;  and  scotodynia,  in 
which  the  si<rht  is  obscured,  and  the  individual 
often  falls  Vertigo  is  dependent  upon  the  con- 
dition of  the  brain  ;  and  often  announces  an 
attack  of  apoplexy  or  epilepsy. 

Vert.go  Tknebu.cosa    bcotodyn.a. 
VER  U  M  0  N  T  A  N  U  M,  Caput  Galhnaginis, 
Gallinaginis  caput.  . 

VERVAIN,  Verbena  officinalis, 

VER  I  EWE,  Verbena  officinalis. 

VESA'NIA,  Vesa'nim, '  madness.  Derange- 
ment of  the  intellectual  and  moral  faculties, 
without  coma  or  fever.    Many  nosologists  have 


used  this  as  a  generic  term;  under  which  they 
have  included  the  different  species  of  mental 
alienation,  hypochondriasis, somnambulism, and 
even  hydrophobia.     See  Nosology. 

Vesania  Mania,  Mania. 

Vesania,  Insanity. 

VESICA  B1L1ARIA,  Gall-bladder— v.  Fel- 
lea,  Gall  bladder — v.  Inlestinalis,  Vesicula  urn- 
bilicalis — v.  Urinaria,  Urinary  bladder. 

Vesica  Irritabilitas,  Cysterethismus. 

VES'JCAL,  Vesiea'lis,  from  vesica,  'the  blad- 
der.' That  which  belongs  or  relates  to  the  bladder. 

Vesical  Arteries  vary  in  number  and  ori- 
gin. The  umbilical  artery  always  sends  oil 
two  or  three;  the  middle  hemorrhoidal,  inter 
nal  pudic,  and  obturator  furnish  others,  which 
ramify  and  anastomose  in  the  parietes  of  the 
bladder;  the  hypogastric  furnishes  one  which 
is  somewhat  larger,  the  Vesico-prostatic,  (Ch. ,) 
and  proceeds  to  the  bus-fond  of  the  bladder, 
sending  numerous  ramifications  to  it  as  well  as 
to  the  sunounding  parts. 

Vesical  Veins,  much  more  numerous  than 
the  arteries,  open  into  the  hypogastric  plexus. 

V£Sf  CANT,  BlisteT. 

VlSlCJiTOIRE,  Blister. 

VESICATOR1UM,  Blister. 

VESICLE,  ALLANTOID,Allantois— v. Ger- 
minal, see  Molecule — v.  Purkinjean,  see  Molecule. 

Vesicles  of  de  Graaf,  Folliculi  Graafiani. 

V  E  S'l  C  O-V  A  G'T  N  A  L,  Ves'ico-vagina'lis. 
Relating  to  the  bladder  and  the  vagina;  as  ve- 
sico-vaginal  fistula. 

VESICULA,  Cystinx,-  diminutive  of  vesica, 
'a  bladder.'     A  small  bladder. 

Vesicula,  Ves'icle,  Ecphlysis,  Cystinx,  in 
Pathology,  means  a  small  orbicular  elevation  of 
the  cuticle,  containing  lymph,  which  is  some- 
times clear  and  colourless,  but  often  opake  and 
whitish  or  pearl-coloured.  It  is  succeeded,  ei- 
ther by  a  scurf,  or  by  a  laminated  scab. 

Vesicula  ^Dnigmatosa,  Vesicula  umbilicalis 
— v.  Alba,  Vesicula  umbilicalis — v.  Bilis,  Gall- 
bladder—  v.  Chyli,  Receptaculum  chyli  —  v. 
Erythroidea,  Erythroid  vesicle — v.  Fellis,  Gall- 
bladder— v.  Gangraenescens,  see  Anthrax — v. 
Germinativa,  see  Molecule — v.  Ompbalo-me- 
senterica,  Vesicula  umbilicalis — v.  Ovalis,  Ve- 
sicula umbilicalis — v.  Prolifera,  see  Molecule. 

Vesic'ula  Umbilicalis,  Umbilical  Vesicle, 
Vesicula  alba  seu  orn'phalo-mesenter'ica  seu  aenig- 
mafo'sa  seu  ova' lis,  Vesi'ca  intestina' lis ,  Intesti- 
nal Vesicle,  Vitelline  Pouch.  A  small,  pyriform, 
round,  orspheroidal  sac,  which,  about  the  fif- 
teenth or  twentieth  day  after  fecundation,  is  of 
the  size  of  a  common  pea,  and  probably  acquires 
its  greatest  dimensions  in  the  course  of  the  third 
or  fourth  week.  After  the  seventh  week,  it 
becomes  shrivelled  and  disappears  insensibly. 
It  seems  to  be  situate  between  the  chorion  and 
amnion,  and  is  commonly  adherent  either  to 
the  outer  surface  of  the  amnion,  or  to  the  inner 
surface  of  the  chorion,  but  at  times  is  loose  be- 
tween them.  The  vitelline  pedicle,  which  at- 
taches the  vesicle  to  the  embryo,  is  continuous 
with  the  intestinal  canal;  and,  up  to  twenty  or 
thirty  days  of  embryonic  life,  is  hollow.  Its 
arteries  are  the  omphalo-mesenteric,  (n.  v.) 
The  vitelline  fluid,  contained  in  the  vesicle,  has 
been  compared,  from  analogy,  to  the  vitcllus  or 
yolk  of  birds;  and,  like  it,  is  an  oleaginous  sub- 
stance, and  presumed  to  be  inservient  to  the 
nutrition  of  the  embryo. 


VESICULA 


VIBICES 


VESICULiE  constitute  the  6th  order  of 
Bateman's  classification  of  Cutaneous  Diseases. 

Vesicdl*,  see  Villous  membranes — v.  Divae 
Barbaras,  Variola  confluens — v.  Gingivarum, 
Aphtha?— v.  Pulmonales,  see  Cellule— v.  Ro- 
tunds cervicis  uteri,  Nabothi  glandular— v.  San- 
guinis, Globules  of  the  blood — v.  Seminales 
mulierum,  .Nabothi  glandular— v.  Spermaticte, 
Vesicular  seminales. 

Vesicul^e  Sebiina'les,  V.  Semina'rim  seu 
spermat' icae,  Cap'sula  semina'les,  Conceptac'vla 
semina'ria,  Gonetys' tides,  (F.)  Vesicates  sem- 
inales, Gardouches,  Greniers,  are  two  small 
membranous  sacs,  which  serve  as  reservoirs 
for  the  sperm,  and  probably  secrete  a  fluid  to 
be  mixed  with  the  sperm.  They  are  situate  be- 
neath the  bladder,  and  above  the  rectum,  be- 
hind the  prostate  and  to  the  outer  side  of  the 
vasa  def'erentia.  They  are  of  an  irregular  co- 
noidal  shape;  flattened  from  above  or  below; 
embossed  on  their  surface,  and  of  a  grayish 
tint.  Their  posterior  extremity,  or  fundus,  ter- 
minates by  a  round  cul-de-sac.  Their  anterior 
extremity  or  neck  is  narrow  and  elongated,  and 
is  continuous  witli  the  excretory  duct  of  the 
vesicula.  This  duct  joins  the  vas  deferens,  and 
forms  with  it  the  ejaculatory  duct.  The  inte- 
rior of  the  vesicular  exhibits  several  cells,  which 
communicate  with  each  other,  and  are  lined  by 
a  very  thin,  mucous  membrane. 

VESICULAR,  Vesicula' ris.  Of  or  belong- 
ing to  a  vesicle: — Full  of  small  interstices. 
The  cortical  or  gray  matter  of  the  brain  is  some- 
times termed  vesicular.     See  Cortex  cerebri. 

VES1CULE  BILfAIRE,  Gall-bladder— v.  du 
Fiel,  Gallbladder. 

VESICULES  DE  SAIJYTE  BARBE,  Variola 
confluens — v.  Seminales,  Vesicula?  seminales. 

VESFA,  Wasp. 

VESSEL,  Vas,  Angei'on,  Angos,  from  (L.) 
vas,  vasculum,  (F.)  Vaisseau.  A  canal,  more 
or  less  elastic,  formed  by  the  superposition  of 
membranes,  and  distinguished,  according  to  its 
uses  and  general  arrangement,  into  Artery, 
Vein,  and  Lymphatic,  (q.  v.)   See,  also,  Vascular. 

V ESSE  LOUP,  Lycoperdon. 
1  VESS1E,  Urinary  bladder — v.  a  Colonnes,  see 
Urinary  bladder — v.  Col  ale  la,  Collum  vesicas. 

VESTIBULE,  Vcstib'ulum,  (F.)  Vestibule. 
A  cavity  of  an  irregular  shape,  which  forms 
part  of  the  labyrinth  or  internal  ear.  The  ves- 
tibule is  situate  on  the  inner  side  of  the  tym- 
panum; on  the  outer  side  of  the  meatus  audi- 
tor! us  internus;  before  the  semicircular  canals, 
and  behind  the  cochlea.  It  is  lined  by  a  par- 
ticular membrane,  and  contains  the  liquor  of 
Cotunnius  and  branches  of  the  auditory  nerve. 
There  is  also  another  membrane,  constituting 
the  membranous  vestibule,  but  it  is  not  an  exact 
imitation  of  the  osseous  cavity.  It  is  composed 
of  two  distinct  sacs,  which  open  into  each  other 
— the  sacculus  vestibuli,  and  the  sacculus,  (q.  v.) 
There  are  three  contiguous  cavities  in  the  ves- 
tibule; one  of  which,  the  semi-ovul,  is  situate 
above;  another,  the  hemispherical,  below;  and 
the  third,  or  sulciform,  which  is  the  orifice  of  the 
aquajductus  vestibuli   behind. 

Vestib'ulum  is,  also,  a  smooth  cavity  be- 
tween the  perineum  and  nymphs  in  the  female, 
which  leads  to  two  passages — to  the  urethra 
above,  and  to  the  vagina  below. 

VESTIGE,  (F.)  Vestig"ium,  'a  vestige,'  'a 
trace.'     A  kind  of  fracture  of  flat  bones,  con- 


sisting of  a  simple  incision  having  the  mark  of 
the  instrument  that  caused  it.  The  term  is 
also  applied  to  a  part  of  the  body,  which  may 
have  no  evident  use  in  man,  and  yet  may  be 
greatly  employed  in  animals.  For  example,  the 
muscles  of  the  external  ear  in  man  are  almost 
devoid  of  use,  or  are  vestiges  of  what  they  are 
in  certain  animals. 

VESTIGIUM  FORAMINIS  OVALIS,  Ova- 
lis  fossa. 

VESTl'TUS,  Esthe'ma,  Esthe'sis,  Clothing, 
Res  vestia'ria,  Dress,  Vesture,  (F.)  Vetement, 
from  vestire,  vestitum,  'to  clothe.'  Any  sub- 
stance used  for  the  purpose  of  covering  our  na- 
kedness, or  preserving  us  from  atmospheric 
temperature,  by  being  worn  on  the  body.  The 
best  clothing  in  winter  is  composed  of  articles 
that  are  bad  conductors  of  caloric,  and  do  not 
admit  of  ready  evaporation  of  the  matter  of 
perspiration.  In  this  respect,  woollen  vestments 
deserve  the  first  place,  and  cotton  the  second. 
Colour  has  likewise  to  be  regarded — the  darkest 
hues  transmitting  the  heat  most  readily  through 
them.  It  has  been  found  that  the  same  rule 
applies  to  odours — the  darker  colours  retaining 
a  greater  amount  of  odorous  particles  than  the 
lighter.  Hence,  the  necessity  of  white  walls, 
white  bed-clothes,  &c,  in  the  wards  of  hospi- 
tals; for  it  is  probable  that  the  like  law  applies 
to  Contagious  miasms. 
VESTURE,  Vestitus. 
VETA,  Puna. 
V6TEMENT,  Vestitus. 
VETERANA,  Rubeola. 
VET'ERINARY,  Veterina'rius,  (F.)  Vit.eri- 
naire,  from  veterinus,  'that  which  bears  bur- 
dens:' itself  from  vetere,  'to  carry.'  That  which 
appertains  to  beasts  of  burden:  hence,  veteri- 
nary surgeon,  veterinary  college,  and  veterinary 
medicine. 

Veterinary    Art,    Far'ricry.      The   art  of 
treating  the  diseases,  &c.  of  cattle. 
Veterinary  Anatomy,  see  Anatomy. 
VETERNUS,  Coma  vigil. 
VETON1CA  CORDI,  Betonica  officinalis. 
VEX1LLUM,  Drapeau. 
VIA,    Way — v.  Stomachi  et  ventris,  GEso- 
phaffus. 
VIABILITY,  see  Viable. 
VI' ABLE,  Viab'ilis,  from  via, '  way;'  or  from 
vie,  (F.)  'life,'  (Orfila.)     A  word,  which  may 
be  introduced  with  great  advantage  from   the 
French   into  our  language.     It  is   an  epithet, 
applied  to  a  foetus,  whose  organs  are  properly 
formed,  and  so  developed  as  to  permit  its  con- 
tinued existence.     Every  foetus  is  not  viable. 
Anencephali  have  lived  ten  or  twelve  days,  yet 
they  are  not  viable; — a  part  or  the  whole  of  the 
brain  being  wanting.    The  older  the  foetus,  the 
more  viable  is  it.     It  is  an  idle  prejudice  that  a 
child,   born  at  the  end  of  eight  months,  is  less 
likely  to  live  than  one  born  at  the  end  of  seven. 
The    signs    of    viability   are    drawn    from    the 
weight,   length,  external  conformation,  &c.  of 
the  foetus.     It   may  be  laid   down  as  a  general 
rule,  that  no  foetus  born  before  the  end  of  the 
seventh  month  is  viable. 

VLE    LACHRYMALES,    Lachrymal    pas- 
sages— v.  Primae,  Ways,  digestive — v.  Secundso, 
Ways,  second. 
VIAL,  Phiala. 

VIBl'CES,  Molops,  (F.)  Vergetures.     Large 
purple   spots,  like  the  marks  produced  by  the 


VIBRANS 


VINUM  ALOES 


strokes  of  a  whip,  which  appear  under  the  skin 
in  certain   malignant   fevers.     They  are  unfa- 
vourable indications,  as  they  denote  great  pros- 
tration. 
VIBRANS,  Vibratory. 
VIBRATILE,  Vibratory. 
VI'BRATORY,   Vi'brative,  Vibrans,  (F.)   Vi- 
bratile,   from  vibrare,  'to   quiver.'     An  epithet 
applied  to  the  pain  that  accompanies  some  neu- 
ralgias, which  seems  to  the  patient  to  vibrate 
among  the  nerves. 
Vibratory  Motion,  see  Cilia. 
VIBRIS'S.^.     The  hairs  which  grow  at  the 
entrance  of  the  nostrils  and  of  other  outlets. 

VIC-LE-COMPTE,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  Vic-Le-Compte  is  a  small  village  in  the 
department  of  Euy  de-Dome,  three  leagues 
from  Issoire;  where  there  is  an  acidulous  cha- 
lybeate, which  is  aperient. 

VICAR'S  BRAY,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  This  spring  is  situate  in  Perthshire,  Scot- 
land, about  two  miles  from  Dollor,  and  near 
Blarngone.  The  water  is  one  of  the  strongest 
chalybeates  known. 
VICE,  Cacosis. 

VICHY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Car- 
bonated alkaline  chalybeates,  the  sources  of 
which  are  at  Vichy,  six  leagues  from  Moulins 
in  the  departmentof  Allier.  The  springs  are 
seven  in  number.  Almost  all  are  thermal; 
give  off  bubbles  of  carbonic  acid  gas,  and  have 
a  slightly  sulphureous  odour.  They  deposite 
carbonates  of  lime  and  magnesia,  and  a  little 
oxide  of  iron;  and  afford,  on  analysis,  carbo- 
nates of  lime,  soda,  iron,  and  magnesia,  carbonic 
acid,  sulphate  of  soda,  and  chloride  of  sodium. 
They  are  employed  as  tonics,  particularly  in 
chronic  affections  of  the  abdominal  viscera,  in 
old  catarrhs,  diseases  of  the  joints,  &c. 

Vichy  Water,  Factitious,  Aqua  Vicien'sis, 
(F.)  Eau  de  Vichy,  is  made  of  simple  acidulous 
water,  impregnated  with  twice  its  bulk  of  car- 
bonic acid,  fxxss;  subcarbonate  of  soda,  gr. 
xxxij;  sulphate  of  soda,  gr.  xvj;  chloride  of 
sodium,  gr.  iv;  subcarbonate  of  magnesia,  gr.  ss: 
chloride  of  iron,  gr.  £.     Mix.  Ph.  P.) 

VIC'IA  FAB  A.    The  Common  Garden  Bean, 
(F.)  Feve  ou  five  des  marais.     Family,  Legu- 
minoss.     Sex.  Syst.  Diadelphia  Decandria.     A 
native  of  Egypt,  of  which  there  are  many  va- 
rieties.    Beans  are  not  easy  of  digestion.     They 
are  proverbially  flatulent,  especially  when  old. 
When    young,    they    are   more  digestible  and 
wholesome.     Bean   meal  was   one   of  the  four 
resolvent  meals  of  the  ancients. 
VICINITRACTUS,  Erysipelas. 
VIC1NITRAHA,  Erysipelas. 
V1CTORIALIS   FEM1NEA,  Gladiolus  vul- 
garis—v.  Longa,  Allium  victoriale— v.  Rotunda, 
Gladiolus  vulgaris. 

VICTUS  RATIO,  Diet. 

VIDANGES,  Lochia. 

VIDIAN  CANAL,  Pterygoid  canal. 

VIE,  Life. 

VIE1LLESSE,  Senectus. 

VIF  ARGENT,  Hydrargyrum. 

VIGILANCE,  Insomnia. 

VIG1LIA,  Esriegorsis.  _ 

VIGILLE  NIMLE,  Coma  vigil. 

VIGNE,  Vitis  vinifera-r.  Blanche,  Bryonia 
alba__; ,.du  Word,  Humulus  lupulus-r.  liergc, 
Bryonia 


alba. 


VIGOR,  Acme 


VILLA  FRANCA,  (CLIMATE  OF.)  This 
little  town  is  situate  immediately  to  the  east- 
ward of  Montalbano,  which  separates  the  bay 
of  Villa  Franca  from  that  of  Nice.  It  is  on  thp 
southern  declivity  of  a  steep  and  lofty  range  of 
mountains;  and  is  more  effectually  sheltered 
from  the  north  and  north-west  winds  than 
Nice,  with  the  climate  of  which  that  of  Villa 
Franca  closely  corresponds. 
VILLI,  see  Villous  membranes. 
VILLOUS,  Villo'sus,  from  villus,  'a  hair.' 
Villous  Membranes  or  Coats,  Velamen'ta 
Bombyc"ina,  (F.)  Membranes  vi/leuses,  Mem- 
branes veloutcs,  are  such  as  are  covered  with 
soft  papilla?  or  Villi,  Flocci,  Fluc'culi,  Ycsicula, 
Cylindri,  Tubi  Membrana'cei,  —  constituted  of 
blood-vessels,  nerves,  and  absorbents;  or  such 
as  are  covered  with  fine  down,  so  as  to  cause 
them  to  feel  soft  and  velvety.  The  term  is, 
however,  chiefly  restricted  to  the  former. 
Chaussier  gives  the  name  simple  villous  mem- 
branes to  the  serous  membranes;  and  that  of 
complicated  or  follicular  villous  membranes  to 
the  mucous  membranes.  On  these  membranes 
there  are  bodies  endowed  with  ciliary  motion, 
(q.  v.) 

VIN,  Wine — v.  de  Bordeaux,  Claret — v.  de- 
Quinquina  compose,  Vinum  de  kinft.  kina.  com- 
positum — v.  Sec,  Sack. 

VINAIGRE,  Acetum,  see  Aceticum  acidum 
— v.  Scillitique,  Acetum  scillre. 

VINAIGRE  DE  BOIS,  Pyroligneous  acid. 
VWJ1IGRES  MEDICLYAUX,  Acetica. 
V1NCA  MINOR,  Vinca  fervin'ca,  Clem'atis 
daphno'i'des  major,  Lesser  periwin'kle,  (F.)  Per- 
venche,  Violelte  des  Sorciers.  It  has  bitter  and 
astringent  properties,  and  has  been  used  in  gar- 
gles, and  diseases  of  the  chest. 

VINCETOXICUM,  Asclepias  vincetoxicum. 
VINCULA,  Fascia. 
VINCULUM,  Bandage,  Lien. 
VINE,  Vitis  vinifera — v.  Grape,  Vitis  vinife- 
ra — v.  Poison,  Rhus  radicans. 

VINEGAR,  AROMATIC  SPIRIT  OF,  see 
Aceticum  acidum  — v.  of  Cantharides,  Acetum 
cantharidis — v.  Common,  Acetum — v. Distilled, 
see  Aceticum  acidum— v.  Marseilles,  Acetum 
aromaticum — v.  of  Meadow  saffron,  Acelum 
colchici — v.  Radical,  Aceticum  acidum — v.  of 
Squills,  Acetum  scilke — v.  of  the  four  Thieves, 
Acetum  aromaticum— v.  Thieves,  Acetum  aro- 
maticum— v.  of  Wood,  see  Aceticum  acidum. 
VIJVETTIER,  Oxycantha  Galeni. 
VINUM,  Wine,  Sherry  wine,  (Ph.  U.  S.) 
Vinum  Medicina'lE.  A  Medicated  Wine. 
Wine,  holding  in  solution  one  or  more  medi- 
cines. Medicinal  wines  are  obtained  by  mace- 
ratino-  or  digesting  medicinal  substances  in 
wine?  They  differ,  of  course,  according  to  the 
nature  of  the  medicine  employed,  the  strength 
of  the  wine,  &c.  In  a  late  Pharmacopceia  of 
the  London  College,  all  the  wines  were  changed 
into  weak  tinctures;  but  the  old  names  were 
left  unaltered.  Sherry  is  the  wine  usually  em- 
ployed.   The  following  are  medicated  wines. 

Vinum  Album  Hispanicum,  see  Wine— v. 
Album  Montanum,  see  Wine. 

Vinum  Absintiii'tes,  Wine  of  Wormwood. 
(Fol.  absinth,  exsicc,  absinth.  Pontic,  aa  gvj, 
vini  albi  Oiv.  Macerate  for  24  hours,  and  strain. 
Ph.  P.)  Stimulant,  tonic,  febrifuge,  vermi- 
fuge, &c. 

Vinum   Aloes,    V.  aloes   Socotori'nce,   Mnum 


VINUM  AMARUiM 


790 


VINUM  TABACl 


cum,  V.  aro'mo-alo'etlcum,  Wine  of  Aloes, 
Tinclu' ra  hiera,  Tinctura  sacra.  (Aloes,  in  pulv. 
3j,  car d am.  cont.  zingib.  cont.  aa  ^j;  vini  Oj. 
Macerate  for  14  days,  and  filter.  Pk.  L-)  Pur- 
gative and  stomachic,  according  to  the  dose. 
Dose,  £  gj,  to  f.  gij, 

Vinum  Amarum,  V.  Gentianae  comp. — v. 
Amarum  scillilicum,  &c,  V.  diureticum  ama- 
rum — v.  Arnarum  cum  spiritu  vini,  V.  gentianae 
oompositum. 

Vinum  Antimo'nu  Tahtariza'ti,  V.tart'ritis 
antimonii,  Solu'tion  of  lar'tarized  antimony,  Es- 
sentia anlimonii  seu  stlb'll,  Antlmonlal  icine, 
Vinum  benedic'tum,  Vinum  antimonia'tum  Hux- 
ha' mi,  V.  anlimonialB,  Aqua  benedic'ta  Rvlan'di, 
Vmum  emel'icum.  (Ant.  el  Potass,  tart.  Qj- 
vini  f.  §x.  Dissolve  the  tartarized  antimony 
in  the  wine.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Each  fluidounce  con- 
tains two  grains  of  the  tartrate. 

The  ordinaiy  Antimonial  wine  is  made  with 
glass  of  antimony  §j,  skerry  Oiss. 

Ward's  Red  Drop  consists  of  a  strong  vinous 
solution  of  tartarized  antimony. 

Vinum  Antiscorbu'ticum, Antiscorbu'tic  wine. 
(Rod.  armoracise  recent. £),fol.  cochlearise  recent., 
nasturtii  aquat.,  trifol.  aquatic*,  semin.  sinap., 
aa  5SS,  ammonise  muriat.  gij,  vin.  albl  Oij.  Ma- 
cerate for  3(J  hours;  filter,  and  add  tinctura; 
cochlear.  !|ss.  /'//.  P.)  Stimulant  and  tonic. 
Dose,  f.  5 ss  to  f.  gij. 

Vinum  Aromat'icum,  Aromatic  icine.  (Species 
aromatic,  ^iv,  vin.  rubr.  Oij.  Macerate  for  6 
days  and  filter.  Ph.  P.)  Stimulant,  and  tonic. 
Used,  externally,  in  fomentations,  embroca- 
tions, Ac. 

Vinum  Aromo-aloeticum,  V.  aloes — v.  Anti- 
moniatum  Huxhami,  V.  antimonii  tartarizati — 
v.  Bonedictum,  V.  antimonii  tartarizati — v.  Ca- 
narinum,see  Wine — v.Chalybeatum,  V.  ferri — 
v.  Cinchona?  composition,  V.  de  kind  kina  comp. 

Vinum  Col'chici,  Wine  of  Colchicurn,  V. 
Colchici  Radi'cis,  Want's  Eau  d'Husson.  (Col- 
chic,  rad.  bene  contus.  Ibj,  vini  Oij.  Macerate 
for  14  days,  with  occasional  agitation,  and  then 
express  strongly,  and  filter.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  may 
also  be  prepared  by  displacement.  Diuretic, 
sedative,  and  purgative.  Chiefly  used  in  gout. 
Dose,  gtt.  4(1  to  f.  3J. 

Reynolds's  Specific  for  gout  and  rheumatism 
consisted  of  the  fresh  bulb  of  Colchicurn  ,^viij, 
Slurry  trine  f.  .^xvj.  The  colchicuin  was  ma- 
cerated for  eioiit  or  ten  days  in  the  wine,  at  a 
penile  heat;  coloured  \\\\h  syrup  of  poppies  and 
flavoured  with  rum.  Reynolds  is  said  to  have 
killed  himself  by  taking  an  over-dose  of  it. 

Vinum  Colchici  Radicis,  V.  colchici. 

Vinum  Colchici  Sem'iris,  Wine  of  Colchieum 
seed.  ( Col  chic.  sem.  cont.  ^iv;  vini  Oij.  Mace- 
rate for  14  days,  with  occasional  agitation,  then 
express  and   filter.     Ph.  U.  S)     Dose,  f.  gj,  to 

Vinum  Diureticum  Ama'rum,  Vinum  arna- 
rum scillit'icum  compos'itum  in  Churila'lis  No- 
socomi'o  usurpa'tum,  Bitter diuret'ic  trine.  (Cort. 
cinchon.,  Wmteran.,  limon.,ak  §ij,  thus  toxica- 
ilrnilr.,  scillx,  cummin,  angelicae,  aa.  5ss,  fol. 
absinth.,  melissse,  aa  ^j,  baccar.  junip.,  mads,  fu 
^ss,  nin.  alb.  Oviij.  Macerate  and  filter.  Ph. 
P.)     Stimulant,  tonic,  and  diuretic.     Dose,  f. 

§83  to  f.  ,~isS. 

Visum  Emeticcm,  V.  antimonii  tartarizati. 
Vinum    Kk'got«,   Wine  of  Ergot.     (Ergotse, 
cont.  gij:  vini  Oj.    Macerate  for  14  days,  With 


occasional  agitation;  then  express,  and  filter. 
Ph.  U.  S.)  Dose,  m.  xx  to  f.  gj  to  produce  the 
peculiar  effects  of  ergot. 

Vinum  Feuhatum,  V.  ferri. 

Vinum  Ferri,  1*.  chal ybea' turn ,  Steel  wine, 
Wine  of  iron,  Vinum  ferra'lum,  V.  murtiu'tum, 
V .  Mortis,  Tinctura  Mai-tis  vino'sa,  Tinctura 
Mortis  cum  vino.  (Iron,  gj,  supertartrate  of 
potass,  in  powder,  gyj,  distilled  wafer  Oij  or 
q.  s.,  proof  spirit  f.  ^xx.  Rub  the  iron  and  su- 
pertartrate of  potass  together,  and  expose  them 
to  the  air  in  a  flat  vessel,  moistened  with  a 
fluidounce  of  water  for  a  fortnight;  agitating 
every  day  with  a  spatula,  and  sprinkling  them 
with  water,  to  keep  them  moist.  Then  dry 
with  a  gentle  heat,  and  mix  with  §xxx  of  dis- 
tilled water.  Filter  the  fluid  and  add  the  spirit. 
Ph.  L.)     Tonic.     Dose,  f.  gj  to  f.  giv. 

It  is  sometimes  made  by  adding  two  pints  of 
wine  to  two  ounces  of  iron  filings,-  macerating 
and  filtering. 

Vinum  Gentia'nve  Compos'itum,  V.Ama'rurn, 
Compound  icine  of  Gentian,  Infu'sum  a  ma  rum 
vino  sum,  Vinum  arnarum  cum  spiritu  vini, 
Wine  bitters.  (Rad.  gentian  lutes,  ^ss,  cort. 
cinchon.  offic.  §j,  cort.  uurant.  gij,  cunellse  alb. 
zj,  alcohol  dilut.  f.  ^iv,  vini  alb.  Hispanic.  Oijss. 
Ph.  E.)     Dose,  f.gj  to  f.  gvj. 

Vinum  Hippocraticum,  Claret — v.  Hordea- 
ceum,  Cerevisia. 

Vinum  Ipecacuanha,  Ipecacuan'ha  wine. 
(Ipecacuan.  cont.  §ij,  vini  Oij.)  Macerate  for 
14  days,  express,  and  filter.  Emetic,  and  dia- 
phoretic.    Dose,  as  an  emetic,  f.  giv  to  f.  gx. 

Vinum  de  Kina  Kina  Compos'itum,  V.  cin- 
cho'nse  composkum,  Compound  bark  wine,  (F.) 
Vin  de  quinquina  compose.  (Cort.  vine/tun. 
pulv.  ibss.  quassias,  cort.  Winter  an.,  rort.  uurant. 
sice.,  aa  3SS,  alcohol  (\2°  to  22°  Beauine)  Oj. 
Macerate  for  24  hours;  and  add  viniultii  Ovj. 
Macerate  for  four  days,  and  filter.  Ph.  P.) 
Tonic,  febrifuge,  and  stomachic.  Dose,  f.  §ss 
tof.^ij. 

Vinum  Martiatum,  V.  ferri — v.  Martis,  V. 
ferri — v.  Nicotianae  tabaci,  V.  tabaci — v.  Opia- 
tum  fermentatione  paratum,  Laudanum  abbatis 
Rousseau. 

Vinum  O'pii,  Wine  of  Opium,  Vinum  de  opio 
compos'itum,  Laud'anum  liq'uidum  Sydenha'mi, 
Laudanum  liquidum  Hoffman' ni,  Tinctu'ra  The- 
ha'ica,  &c,  Ford's  laudanum.  (Opii  in  pulv. 
31J;  cinnam.  cont.;  caryophijll.  cont.  aa  gj;  vini 
Oj.  Macerate  for  14  days;  express  and  tiller. — 
Ph.  U.  S  )     Narcotic.     Dose,  g^t   xv  to  f.  gj. 

Vinum  DB  Opio  Compositum,  V.  opii— v.  Pi- 
catum,  Pissites. 

Vinum  Qui'ni;e,  Wine  of  Quinia.  (Wine  Ibij, 
sulphate  of  quinia  gr.  x.  Mix.)  Dose,  f.  j^iss  or 
mere;  according  as  it  is  used  for  a  stomachic, 
or  to  arrest  ague.  A  Vinum  Cinchonix  may  be 
made  in  the  same  way. 

Vinum  Riif.i,  V.  R.  palma'ti,  Rhubarb  Wine. 
Tinctura  Rhabar'bari  Vino'sa,  Vinum  Rhabar- 
bari, Elixir  RheidulcS, E.R  Compos'itum.  (Rad. 
rhel  nont.5ij,caneZ/as  cont.  Zj,  alcohol,  dilut  f.|jij, 
rini  Oj.  Macerate  for  14  days;  express  and  fil- 
ter.—  Ph.  LIS)  Laxative  and  stimulant.  Dose, 
f.  giv  to  f.  ijiss. 

Vinum  Riiej  Palm  ATI,  V.  R  h  o  j — v.  Rhena- 
num,  see  Wine— v  Rhabarbari,  V.  rhei  palmati 
— v.  Rubrum  Portugallicum.  see  Wine. 

Vinum  Tab'aci,  Vinum  Xl.ro/ ia'nee  Tabaci,  To- 
bad  co  Wine.     (Tabac.  gj, vini  Oj,     Macerate  for 


VISUM  VERATRI 


791 


VISCUM  ALBUM 


14  days;  express  and  strain.  Ph.  U.  S  )  Nar- 
cotic, diuretic,  and  antispasmodic.  In  dropsi- 
cal  cases,  cnlica  pictonum,  and  ileus.  JNot  used. 
Dose,  g  t-  xx  to  xxxvj. 

Vinum  Vera'thi,  V.  V  albi,  Wine  of  While 
Hel'liliore.  (Veratri  cant,  giv;  Vini  Oj.  Mace- 
rate for  14  days,  express  and  filter.— Ph.  U.  S.) 
In  cutaneous  affections,  and  in  gout.  Dose,  ten 
minims. 
Vinum  Veratri  Albi,  V.  Veratri. 
VIOL,  Stuprum. 

VI'OLA,  Viola  odora'ta,  Ion,  Matrona' lis ,  Vio- 
la'ria,  the  Sweet  Violet,  (F.)  Violette  a  bouquets, 
V.odorante.  The  llowers  of  the  sweet  violet 
have  a  pleasant,  peculiar  odour,  and  scarcely 
any  tasle.    They  are  slightly  laxative. 

Viola  Cani'na.     The  Dug  Violet.     The  root 

of  this  plant  is  emetic  and  cathartic.    Dose,  7)j- 

Viola    Ipecacuanha,    see    Ipecacuanha  — v. 

Lutea,  Cheiranthus  cheiri — v.  Odorata,  Viola 

v.  Palustris,  Pinguicola  vulgaris. 

Viola  Peda'ta,  Viola  (Ph.  U.  S.)  This  in- 
digenous violet,  which  grows  from  New  Eng- 
land to  Carolina,  is  regarded  by  some  as  a  use- 
ful demulcent  in  pectoral  affections. 

Viola  Tricolor,  Heart's  ease,  Punsies,  Ta- 
ct'a,  Herba  Trinita'tis,  (F.)  Pensee,  P.  sauvage. 
The  decoction  of  this  beautiful  little  plant  has 
been  recommended  in  diseases  of  the  skin,  &c 
Its  roots  are,  also,  emetic  and  cathartic. 
VIOLARIA,  Viola. 

VIOLET,  DOG,  Viola  canina— v.  Sweet, 
Viola —  v.  Bloom,  Solanum  dulcamara. 

VIOLETTE  A  BOUQUETS,Yiolz—v.  Odo- 
rante,  Viola — u.  des  Sorciers,  Vinca  minor. 
VIOLIER  JAUNE,  Cheiranthus  cheiri. 
VIORNA,  Clematis  vitalba. 
VIPER,  EGYPTIAN,  Aspis— v.  Grass,  Scor- 
zonera. 

VIP  ERA,  Coluber  berus. 
V1PERARIA,  Aristolochia  serpentaria,Scor- 
zonera. 

V1PERINA      VIRG1NIANA,     Aristolochia 
serpent  ma. 
VI R,  Penis. 

V1RGA,  Penis— v.  Cerea,  Bougie. 
VIRGIL1A,  Cladrastis  tinctona. 
VIRGINAL,  Vulva. 

VIRGLVIA,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
There  are  several  celebrated  mineral  springs 
in  Virginia,  on  the  western  side  of  the  Blue 
Ridger  Two  Thermal  springs  exist  in  Bath 
county.  The  Warm  Spying,  as  it  is  called, 
issues  with  a  bold  stream,  sufficient  to  turn  a 
mill,  and  to  keep  the  water  of  its  basin  at  the 
temperature  of  97°.  The  Hot  Spring  is  a  few 
miles  from  the  Warm.  Its  temperature  is  107°. 
They  are  both  slightly  sulphureous.  The  Sweet 
Sprint  are  at  the  eastern  foot  of  the  Alleghany, 
in  Botetourt  county;  and  42  miles  from  the 
Warm  Springs.  The  water  has  a  temperature 
of  70°,  and  is  highly  impregnated  with  cubonic 
acid.  The  White  Sulphur,  as  well  as  the  Led 
Sulphur  and  Salt  Sulphur  Springs,  are  also 
■suipnnr    <lI»  ,       '  R  d  Spring  ls  affirmed 

much  celebrated.      1""=  *  t       e 

to  exert  a  sedative  influence  on  the  pulse,  di- 
.    .J.    „  ,hp    number   of  its  beats.     About  lo 
numshing  tin:   numoei 


v.   Sweet-scented,   Clematis 


SE  from  Staunton  are  Strips  Spnng*-* 
Slohuretted  water;  and  near  Warrenton  m 
Fauauier  county,  there  is  a  sulphureous  water, 
iV q ip 's  Spring,  which  is  much  frequented. 
"viKGlN'S  BOWER,  COMMON,  Clematis 
Titalba,  Clematis  Virginica-v.  Bower,  upright, 


Clematis    rectc 
flammula. 

Virgin's  Milk,  Lac  Vir'ginis,  Lac  Virginal  le, 
(F.)  Lait  virginal.     A  tincture  of  benjamin  or 
of  any  other  balsam,  precipitated  by  the  addi- 
tion of  water,  which  gives  it  a  milky  appear-  - 
ance.     Also,  subacetate  of  lead  precipitated  by 
water.     It  has  been  used  as  a  cosmetic   to  re- 
move freckles,  &c. 
VIRGO,  Girl — v.  Aurea,  Solidago  virgaurea. 
VIRGULA,  Penis. 
VIRIDE  ^ERIS,  Cupri  subacetas. 
VIRILE,  Penis. 
VIRILITY,  Adult  age. 
VIROSUS,  Virulent. 
VIRTUE,  Faculty. 

VIR'ULENT,  Virulen'tus,  Viru'sus, from  virus. 
That  which  is  of  the  nature  of  a  virus  or  which 
is  caused  by  a  virus. 

VIRUS,  from  vis,  'force.'  A  Latki  word, 
which  signifies  poison;  but  which,  in  medicine, 
has  a  somewhat  different  acceptation.  By  it  is 
understood  a  principle,  unknown  in  its  nature 
and  inappreciable  by  the  senses,  which  is  the 
agent  for  the  transmission  of  infectious  diseases. 
Thus  we  speak  of  the  variolic,  vaccine,  and 
syphilitic  virus.  Virus  differs  from  venom  in 
the  latter  being  a  secretion  natural  to  certain 
animals,  whilst  the  former  is  always  the  result 
of  a  morbid  process; — a  morbid  poison. 

Virus,  Ichor,  Poison,  Sanies — v.  Vaccine, 
see  Vaccina — v.  Vitale,  Sperm. 

VIS,  Force — v.  Adha?sionis,  Cohesion  (force 
of) — v.  Attractions,  Cohesion  (force  of) — v. 
Cohcesionis,  Cohesion  (force  of) — v.  Conserva- 
trix,  V.  medicatrix  natura—  v.  Elastica,  Elas- 
ticity— v.  Insita,  Irritability — v.  Irrilabilitatis, 
Irritability. 

Vis  Micdica'trix  Natu'r*,  Visconserva'trix, 
Autocrati'a,  (q.  v.)  Jiutonom' ia,  Aulocrato'ria, 
Physiat'rice,  Physioautocrati'u.  A  term,  em- 
ployed by  some,  to  express  that  instinctive, 
healing  power  in  an  animal  or  vegetable,  by 
virtue^of  which  it  can  repair  injuries  inflicted 
upon  it,  or  remove  disease. 

Vis  Mor'tua.  Under  this  name  Haller  in- 
cluded the  mechanical  properties  of  membrane, 
—flexibility,  extensibility, elasticity,  &c,  which 
are  totally  independent  of  the  vital  properties. 
They  remain  some  time  after  the  complete  ex- 
tinction of  life  in  all  its  functions;  seem  to  be 
connected  with  the  mechanical  arrangement  of 
particles  and  the  chyinical  composition  of  the 
substance  in  which  they  reside,  and  not  to  be 
affected  until  the  progress  of  decomposition  has 
become  sensible. 

Vis  Plastica,  Plastic  force— v.  Reproduc- 
tiva,  Plastic  force— v.  Vitre,  Irritability— v.  Vi- 
talis,  Irritability. 

VISAGE,  Countenance. 
VISCERA,  Entrails. 
VISCERAL,  Splanchnic. 
V1SC&RES,  Entrails. 
VISCONIA,  Physconia.  . 

VISCUM  ALBUM,  Mistletoe,  Ixos,  Li  ia,  Da- 
bach,  (F.)  Qui.  A  parasitic  plant,  which  grows 
on  a  number  of  trees.  Family,  Capnfoliace®. 
Sex.  St/st.  Dicecia  Tetrandria.  That  of  the 
oak— Viscum  querci'num— has  been  most  cele- 
brated, but  it  does  not  differ  from  the  others. 
It  was,  at  one  time,  much  used  in  epilepsy  and 
other   neuroses;— the    wood    or    leaves    being 


VISIO 


792 


ViTRUM 


given  in  powder,  in  the  dose  of  gss  or  £j.  The 
berries,  also  called  Pommes  hemorrhoidales, 
from  their  supposed  virtues,  are  drastic;  and, 
when  applied  externally,  maturative. 

VISIO,  Pupil. 

VISION,  Vis'io,  Vi.sus,  from  videre  visum, 
'to  see,'  Opsis,  (F.)  Vue.  The  action  of  seeing. 
The  sight  The  sight  is  one  of  the  five  senses, 
and  the  eye  is  its  organ.  By  it  we  distinguish 
colours  and  appreciate  most  of  the  physical 
qualities  of  external  objects.  The  eye  is  com- 
posed of  different  transparent  media,  whose 
curvatures  and  refractive  powers  are  so  com- 
bined as  to  render  insensible  the  aberrations  of 
sphericity  and  refrangibility,  and  to  concentrate 
the  numerous  rays  proceeding  from  more  or 
less  distant  objects.  These  rays  traverse,  suc- 
cessively, the  transparent  cornea,  the  aqueous 
humour,  the  crystalline,  the  vitreous  humour, 
and  strike  upon  the  retina,  on  which  they  im- 
press the  figure  of  the  object  whence  they 
have  emanated;  and,  in  order  that  no  ob- 
scurity may  arise  from  the  reflections  that 
might  otherwise  occur,  the  anterior  of  the  eye 
is  lined  by  a  membrane — the  choroid — which  is 
itself  covered  internally  by  a  dark  pigment. 
This  absorbs  the  light,  like  the  dark  pigment  in 
the  interior  of  telescopes,  and  thus  obviates 
confusion.  As  the  rays  proceeding  from  an 
object  must  cross  each  other  in  their  course  to 
the  retina,  it  follows,  that  those  proceeding 
from  the  upper  part  of  an  object,  must  fall  upon 
the  lower  part  of  the  retina,  and  conversely; 
so  that  the  object  must  be  impressed  upon  the 
retina,  in  an  inverted  position;  yet  experience 
teaches  us  to  appreciate  the  position  accurately. 

Vision,  Coloured,  Chromopsia — v.  Double, 
Diplopia. 

VIS'UAL,  Visua'lis.  Same  etymon.  That 
which  concerns  the  sight  or  belongs  to  vision. 

Visual  Angle  is  the  angle  formed  by  the 
crossing  of  two  rays,  proceeding  from  oppo- 
site points  of  any  body,  in  their  passage 
through  the  pupil.  It  is  by  the  size  of  this  an- 
gle, that  we  judge,  to  a  certain  extent,  of  the 
size  of  objects. 

VISUS,  Vision — v.  Acrior,  Nyctalopia — v. 
Coloratus,  Chromopsia — v.  Debilitas,  Astheno- 
pia— v.  Dimidiatus,  Hemiopia — v.  Diurnus,  He- 
meralopia — v.  Duplicatus,  Diplopia — v.  Juve- 
num,  Myopia — v.  Nocturnus,  Nyctalopia — v. 
Senilis,  Presbytia. 

VITA,  Life— v.  Propria.  Irritability. 

VITAL  PROPERTIES;  see  Properties  vital. 

Vital  Principle,  Flam'mula  vita' Us,  (F.) 
Flamme  vit.cde,  Vital  Flame,  The  principle 
which,  when  applied  to  matter,  as  in  organized 
bodies,  controls  its  manifestations  and  proper- 
ties, and  distinguishes  organized  matter  from 
the  inorganic.  We  know  nothing  of  this  prin- 
ciple, except  in  its  connexion  with  organi- 
zation. 

V1TALBA,  Clematis  vitalba. 

VITAL'ITY,  Tital'ilas.  from  vita, '  life."  The 
vital  principle:  also  used  in  the  sense  of  vital 
action,  or  vital  movement. 

VITELLINE,  Vitellinus,  from  vilcllus,  'the 
yolk  of  an  eggr.' 

Vitelline  Disc,  Proligerous  Disc— v.  Fluid, 
see  Vesicula  umbilicalis. 

Vitelline  Pedicle  is  the  pedicle  which 
attaches  the  umbilical  vesicle  to  the  embryo. 
See  Vesicula  umbilicalis. 


Vitelline  Pouch,  Vesicula  umbilicalis — v. 
Vessels,  Omphalo-mesenteric. 

VlTELLO-MESENTERIC.Omphalo-mesen- 
teric. 

VITELLUM  OVI,  see  Ovum. 

VITEX,  V.  Agnus  Castus,  Agnus  Castus,(r\) 
Gattilicr,  Petit  Poivre,  Poivre  sauvuge,  Family, 
Pyrenaceffi.  Sex.  Syst.  Didynamia  Angiosper- 
mia.  The  Chaste  Tree.  The  seeds,  when  fresh, 
have  a  fragrant  smell,  and  an  acrid,  aromatic 
taste.  Formerly,  they  were  celebrated  as  anta- 
phrodisiacs. 

VIT1  SALTUS,  Chorea. 

VITIATIO,  Stuprum. 

V1TILIGINES,  Ephelides. 

VITILIGO,  Lepra — v.  Alphus,  Lepra  alpho- 
ides — v.  Melas,  Lepra  nigricans — v.  Nigra,  Le- 
pra nigricans. 

VITISALBA  SYLVESTRIS,  Bryonia  alba 
— v.  Apyrena,  see  V.  Corinthiaca. 

Vitis  Corinthiaca.  Family  of  the  Vines. 
Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria  Monogynia.  This  plant 
affords  the  Ucae  pas'sa  mino'res,  Passa  Corin- 
thiaca:, Pas'sula  mino'res,  Uvse  Corinthiaca  or 
Currants,  (F.)  Raisins  de  Corinthe.  They  are 
the  dried  fruit  of  the  Vitis  Corinthiaca  or  Vitis 
apyrena;  and  are  similar,  in  their  properties,  to 
the  raisin. 

VitisIdjEA  Palustris,  Vaccinium  oxycoccos. 

Vitis  Vinif'era,  Am'pelos,  A.  (Enoph'oros. 
The  Grape  vine,  the  Vine.  (F.)  Vigne.  Vine 
leaves  and  the  tendrils  have  an  astringent  taste, 
and  were  formerly  used  in  diarrhoea,  hemor- 
rhage, &c.  The  juice  or  sap,  called  Lad- 
ryma,  has  been  recommended  in  calculous  dis- 
orders and  in  cases  of  chronic  ophthalmia.  The 
juice  of  the  unripe  fruit  is  called  Verjuice,  (q  v.) 
The  Grape,  Uva,  Bolrys,  Staph'yle,  (F.)  Raisin, 
when  ripe,  is  a  wholesome,  delicious  fruit;  and, 
when  dried,  it  forms  the  Uva  passas  majo'res, 
Pass'uleemajores,  Uva passsesole sicca1 ta, Raisins. 
These  are  inodorous;  and  to  the  taste,  subacid- 
ulous,  sweet,  and  mucilaginous.  They  are  de- 
mulcent and  nutritive. 

VITIUM  SCROPHULOSUM,  Scrofula. 

VITRARIA,  Parietaria. 

VITREUS,  Hyaloid. 

VITRINE  AUDITIVE,  (F.)  from  vitrum, 
'  glass,'  End'olymph.  The  fluid  contained  in 
the  membranous  labyrinth  of  the  ear,  so  called 
from  its  resemblance  to  the  vitreous  humour  of 
the  eye. 

VITRIOL,  Ferri  sulphas— v.  Blue,  Cupri  sul- 
phas— v.  Cceruleum,  Cupri  sulphas — v.  Green, 
Ferri  sulphas — v.  Roman,  Cupri  sulphas — v. 
While,  Zinci  sulphas. 

VITRIOLUM  ALBUM,  Zinci  sulphas— v. 
Ammoniacale,  Ammonia  sulphas — v.  Cupri, 
Cupri  sulphas — v.  Cyprium,  Cupri  sulphas — v. 
Ferri,  Ferri  sulphas — v.  Goslariense,  Zinci  sul- 
phas— v.  Viride,  Ferri  sulphas — v.  Martis,  Ferri 
sulphas — v.  Romanum,  Cupri  sulphas — v.  Ve- 
neris, Cupri  sulphas — v.  Zinci,  Zinci  sulphas. 

VITRUM,  Hy'alos,  Glass,  Brancia,  (F.)  Verre, 
from  videre,  '  to  see.'  Glass  coarsely  powdered, 
has  been  sometimes  used  to  remove  specks  of 
the  cornea. 

Powdered  glass  has  been  regarded,  but  erro- 
neously, as  a  poison.  It  acts  only  mechani- 
cally. 

The  saline  scum,  which  swims  on  glass  when 
first  made,  has  been  used  in  tooth  powders.    It 


VITRUM  ANTIMONII 


ro3 


VOMITING 


is  called  Sandiver,  Sel  de  verre,  Glass  Gall,  Fel 
vilri,  &c. 

Vitrum  Antimonii,  see  Antimonii  vitrum — 
v.  Hypoclepticum,  Separatorium— v.  Sublima- 
torium,  Aludel. 

V1TTA,  Dandehtte,  Caul. 

VIV^SECTIO,  Vivisection. 

VIVERRA  CIVETTA,  see  Civetta. 

VIVIP'A RO U S, from vivus,  'alive,' andpario, 
'I  bring  forth.'  An  epithet  applied  to  animals 
whose  young  are  brought  forth  detached,  with- 
out requiring  to  be  hatched,  as  in  the  Oviparous. 
See  Generation. 

VIVISECTION,  Vivisec'tio,  Tivsesec'tio,  from 
vivus, '  alive,'  and seca're, seclum,  'to cut.'  The 
act  of  opening  or  dissecting  living  animals. 

VOCE  DI  PETTO,  see  Voice— v.  di  Testa, 
(I.)  see  Voice. 

VOICE,  Vox,  Audt,  Phone,  (F.)  Voix,  from 
vocare,  '  to  name,  to  call.'  An  appreciable 
sound  produced  by  the  air  when  driven  from 
the  lungs,  throwing  the  inferior  ligaments  of 
the  glottis  into  vibration.  The  function  by 
which  this  is  effected,  has  been  called  Pliona'- 
lion.  It  is  a  function  of  animal  life;  and,  in 
animals,  is  limited  to  the  production  of  the  sim- 
ple or  instind live  voice,  as  well  as  in  the  idiot; 
but,  in  intellectual  man,  becomes  much  more 
complicated  and  articulated, — an  evidence  of 
his  intellectual  superiority. 

Voice,  Artic'clated,  or  Speech,  Logue'la, 
Lalia,  Phrasis,  (F.)  Parole,  Voix  articuke,  is 
the  voice  as  produced  by  the  glottis,  modified 
by  the  motions  of  the  tongue,  lips,  and  other 
parts  of  the  mouth.  Most  physiologists  agree 
in  regarding  the  glottis,  or  the  space  between 
the  thyro-arytenoid  ligaments  plus  the  liga- 
ments themselves,  as  the  part  where  vocal 
sounds  are  formed ;  but  the  mechanism  of  this 
formation  is  a  matter  of  dispute.  The  greater 
part  of  individuals  regard  the  glottis  and  its 
ligaments,  with  the  vocal  tube,  or  the  space 
which  the  sound  has  to  traverse  after  it  is  pro- 
duced in  the  glottis,  as  a  reed  instrument,  like 
the  clarionet,  the  inferior  ligaments  of  the 
glottis  constituting  the  reed.  In  speech,  as 
ordinarily  effected,  the  tongue,  lips,  teeth,  &c. 
are  concerned,  but  there  are  some  authentic 
cases  on  record,  where  it  has  been  accomplished 
after  the  tongue  has  been  removed.  In  such 
cases,  the  articulated  voice  must  have  been 
produced  in  the  glottis  alone,  or  in  it  aided  by 
an  obscure  action  of  the  parts  above  it. 

The  singing  voice  is  not  limited  to  the  larynx ; 
the  pharynx  would  seem  to  be  concerned  also. 
The  notes  that  are  produced  in  the  latter  have 
been  termed  supra-lartjngeal, or  notes  of  the  second 
register.  They  constitute  the  pharyngeal  voice, 
falsetto  or  faucelte  voice  or  voce  di  testa,  (I.) 
The  laryngeal  voice,  or  voice  of  the  first  register, 
is  the  Voce  di  Petto,  (I.) 
Voice,  Bleating,  Egophony— v.  Cavernous, 

Pectoriloquy.  ,„       _         ,  .,        /Tr  v 

Voice,  Convui/sive,  Vox  Convulsiva,  (F.) 
Voix  Convulsive.  A  neurosis  of  the  vo,ce,  com 
sislW  in  the  production  of  discordant  sounds 
"lad  gPrave-which  cannot  be  brought 
to  the  natural  tones  by  any  effort  of  vol.t.on. 
It  seems  to  be  caused  by  disordered  contraction 
of  the  muscles  of  the  larynx. 

VmrF  Falsetto,  see  Voice— v.  uoat  s,  ego- 
phony-v.  Laryngeal,  Laryngophony,  see  Voice 
1  51 


— v.  Pharyngeal,  see  Voice— v.  Tracheal,  La- 
ryngophony. 
VOIE,  Way. 

VOIES  DIGESTIVES,  Ways,  digestive— v. 
Lacrymalcs,  Lachrymal  passages — v.  Premieres 
Ways,  digestive— v.  Secondes,  Ways,  second 
— v.  Urinaires,  Urinary  passages. 

VOILE  DU  PALAIS,  Velum  pendulum  pa- 
lati — v.  Medullaire  inferieure,  Velum  medullare 
inferius — v.  Midullaire  supirieurc,  Valvula 
Vieussenii. 

VOIX,  Voice — v.  ArlicuUe,  Voice  articulated 
— v.  Articulee,  Pectoriloquy — v.  Bourdonnante, 
see  Resonance — v.  Bronchique,  Resonance — v. 
Caverneuse,  Pectoriloquy— v.  Chivrolante,  Ego- 
phony—  v.  Egophonique,  Egophony— v.  de  Poli- 
chinella,  Egophony — v.  Senile,  Egophony — v. 
Tubaire,  see  Resonance. 
VOLA,  Palm. 
VOLATICA,  Lichen. 

VOLATILIZATION,  Volaliliza'tio;  from  vo- 
lare, '  to  fly.'  The  operation  of  reducing  vola- 
tilizable  substances  into  gas  or  vapour. 

VOLSELLA,  Acanthobolos,  Forceps,  Madis- 
terium — v.  Patini,  Valet  a  Putin, 
VOLTAISM,  Galvanism. 
VOLVULUS,  Ileus— v.  Intestinorum,  lntus- 
susceptio. 

VOMENDI  CONAMEN  INANE,  Vomitu- 
rition. 

VOMER,  'a  ploughshare,'  Os  Vo'meris, 
Ara'trum,  Os  maxill'x  superio'ris  undec"imum. 
One  of  the  bones  of  the  face,  so  called  from 
its  resemblance.  It  is  an  azygous  bone,  form- 
ing the  posterior  part  of  the  septum  narium. 
It  is  thin,  flat,  and  quadrilateral;  and  is  articu- 
lated, below,  to  the  superior  maxillary  and  pa- 
latine bones;  and  above,  to  the  sphenoid,  eth- 
moid, and  cornets  of  Bertin.  It  is  developed 
by  a  single  point  of  ossification. 

VOM'ICA,  from  vomere,  '  to  vomit,'  'to  cast 
up.'  (F.)Vomique,  Crachemenl  depus.  A  term 
used  by  some  authors  for  any  encysted  collec- 
tion of  purulent  matter  in  the  interior  of  a  vis- 
cus.  The  acceptation  is  commonly,  however, 
restricted  to  purulent  collections  in  the  lungs, 
encysted  or  not,  which  may  be  discharged  by 
the  mouth,  by  breaking  intc  the  bronchial 
tubes.  Two  kinds  of  vomicae  are  distinguished; 
the  one,  caused  by  the  softening  or  breaking 
down  of  pulmonary  tubercles;  the  other,  of 
much  more  rare  occurrence,  formed  by  a  cir- 
cumscribed abscess  of  the  lungs.  Instead  of 
opening  into  the  bronchia,  the  abscess  is  some- 
times discharged  into  the  cavity  of  the  pleura, 
causing  empyema. 
VOMICINE,  Brucia. 
VOM1QUE,  Vomica. 
VOMIQUIER,  Strychnos  nux  vomica. 
VOMISSEMEJVT,  Vomiting— v.  de  Sang, 
Hajmatemesis. 

VOMIT,  BLACK,  Fever,  yellow— v.  Black, 
Melsena. 

VOMITIF,  Emetic. 
VOMITINE,  Emetine. 

VOMTTING,  Vom'itus,  Evomi"tio,  Ana'tropl, 
Em'esis  Vomi"tio,  Palmus  vom'itus,  JEgritu'do 
ventric'uli,  Puking,  Sickness  of  the  Stomach,  (F.) 
Vomissement,  from  vomere,  '  to  cast  up.'  The 
act  by  which  solids  and  liquids,  contained  in 
the  stomach,  are  ejected  by  the  moutb.  Vomit- 
ing is  the  effect  of  some  special  irritation  of 
the  nerves  of  the  stomach.    It  is  not  accom- 


VOMITING  AT  PLEASURE 


f94      WALTON,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF 


plished  solely  by  the  contraction  of  the  stomach, 
as  was  for  a  long  time  believed.  That  organ, 
indeed,assistsinthe  process; — but  the  main  cause 
is  the  compression  exerted  upon  the  parietesof 
the  viscus  by  the  diaphragm  and  abdominal  mus- 
cles. Vomiting  is  a  symptom  common  to  nu- 
merous diseases.  At  times,  it  is  sympathetic, 
as  in  affections  of  the  kidney,  uterus,  brain,  «fcc. 
At  others,  it  is  symptomatic,  as  in  gastritis,  peri- 
tonitis, &c.  When  very  troublesome,  it  may 
often  be  palliated  by  effervescent  draughts,  aro- 
matics,  sinapisms,  or  blisters  to  the  epigastric 
region,  &c. 

Vomiting  at  Pleasure,  Regurgitation. 

Vomiting  of  Blood,  Hsmatemesis. 

VOMITO  NEGRO,  Fever,  yellow— v.  Piieto, 
Fever,  yellow. 

VOMITORIUM,  Emetic. 

VOMITURITION,  Vomituri"tio,  Emesia, 
Dysemesia,  Vomen'di  cona'men  ina'nS,  Reletting. 
Same  etymon.  Ineffectual  efforts  to  vomit. 
Some  authors  mean,  by  this  term,  a  vomiting 
of  but  little  matter,  or  that  which  is  effected  al- 
most without  effort.  The  first  acceptation  is  the 
most  general. 

VOMITUS,  Vomiting — v.Cruentus,Haemate- 
mesis — v.  Navigantium,  Nausea  marina — v. 
Niger,  Fever,  yellow — v.  Pituitosus,  Blenne- 
mesis — v.  Sanguinis,  Plaematemesis. 

VOUTE,  Vault— v.  Medulla  ire,  Corpus  callo- 
sum — v.  a  Trois  piliers,  Fornix. 

VOX,  Voice — v.  Convulsiva,  Voix  convulsive 
— v.  Rauca,  Raucedo. 

VUE,  Vision— v.  Comic, Myopia — v.  Diurne, 
Hemeralopia — v.  Faible,  Amblyopia — v.Longue, 
Presbytia— v.  Louche,  Strabismus — v.  Nocturne, 
Nyctalopia. 

VULGA,  Vulva. 

VULNERAIRE,   Vulnerary—?;.   Suisse,   see 

VULNERARIUS,  Traumatic. 

VULNERARY,  Vulncra'rius ,■  from  vulnus, 
vulneris,  'a  wound.'  (F.)  Vulntraire.  A  name 
applied  by  the  ancients  to  medicines,  which 
they  considered  capable  of  favouring  the  con- 
Holidation  of  wounds.  The  property  has  been 
ascribed  to  various  plants. 

VULNUS,  Wound — v.  Laceratum,  see  Lace- 
ration— v.  Simplex,  Cut. 


TULTUEUX(F.),  VuUtu/mts.  Corvisart  has 
used  the  expression,  Face  vultucuse,  Fades 
vvltuosa, — for  the  face,  when  it  is  more  florid 
and  swollen  than  in  the  natural  state.  This 
appearance,  which  is  observed  in  active  aneu- 
rism of  the  heart,  according  to  Corvisart,  is 
owing  to  the  afflux  of  blood  into  the  arterial 
capillaries,  and  hence  differs  from  the  livid  and 
swollen  appearance  caused  by  the  accumulation 
of  blood  in  the  venous  capillaries,  constituting 
the  Face  injectde. 

VULTUS,  Face,  Countenance. 

VULVA,  Uterus,  see  Vulva. 

Vulva,  from  valva,  'a  door,'  Hortus,  Cunnvs, 
Puden'dum  mulic'brS,  Clwiros,  Arvum,  Buccu, 
Bulga,  Cadur'cus,  Custos,  Femen,  An'nulus, 
Femur  summum,  Follic'ulus,  Fundus,  Gre'- 
mium,  Hiu'tus,  Lanu'vium,  Navis,  Oppid'ulum, 
Specus,  Virginal,  Vulga ,  Cymba,  8/iltvs,  Clitor'- 
ium,  Os'tium,  Sulcus,  Amp/acaus'tis,  Concha, 
Porcus,  Porta,  Interfemineum,  Mulicbria,  Fossa 
magna  mulie'bris,  Episeion,  Eschara,  Hor' lulus 
cupid'inis,  Bouba'lios,  Byssos,  Cava,  Caver'na, 
De/phys,  Delta,  Fovea,  Gynace'um,  the  female 
pudendum  ,•  the  female  organs  of  Generation, 
(F.)  Vulve.  A  longitudinal  opening  between 
the  projecting  parts  of  the  external  organs  of 
generation  in  the  female,  extending  from  the 
mons  veneris  to  the  perineum,  and  which  is 
called,  also,  Fossa  magna.  Some  anatomists 
mean,  by  this  term,  the  whole  of  the  external 
genital  organs  of  the  female; — mons  veneris; 
labia  majora,  and  the  cleft  or  vestibule  sepa- 
rating them;  the  clitoris:  nymphae;  meatus 
urinarius;  entrance  of  the  vagina;  with  the 
hymen  or  the  carunculse  myrtiformes,  fossa 
naviculars  and  fourchette. 

Vulva,  Fora'men  commune"  ante'rius,  Pier  ad 
infundib'ulum,  Iter  ad  ter'tium  ventric'ulum.  An 
opening  situate  at  the  junction  of  the  optic 
thalami,  and  immediately  beneath  the  anterior 
crus  of  the  fornix. 

VULVA  IRE,  Chenopodium  vulvaria. 

VULVAR,  Vulva'ris,  from  vulva.  That 
which  relates  to  the  vulva.  Chaussier  gives 
this  name  to  the  external  pudic  arteries,  be- 
cause they  are  distributed  to  the  vulva. 

VULVARIA,  Chenopodium  vulvaria. 

VULVE,  Vulva. 

VULVO-UTERINE  CANAL,  Vagina. 


w. 


WAD,  Graphites. 

WAISTCOAT,  STRAIT,  Indu'cula,  (F.)  Ca- 
misole, Gilet  de  force.  A  dress,  used  for  re- 
straining maniacs,  or  those  labouring  under 
violent  delirium.  It  has  long  sleeves,  which 
are  tied  behind  the  body,  so  that  the  arms  can- 
not be  extricated  from  them.  It  ought,  of 
course,  to  be  made  of  very  resisting  materials. 

WAKE-ROBIN,  Arum  maculatum,  Trillium 
latifolium. 

WALKING,  Gressus,  Tnces'sus,  Deam'bula'- 
tio,  Bmbula'lio,  Badisis,  (F.J  La  marclie.  The 
action  by  which  we  change  place,  by  means  of 
a  succession  of  steps  in  the  same  direction.  In 
walking  forwards,  the  centre  of  gravity  is  con- 
stantly altered;  and  a  series  of  small,  parabolic 
curves  is   described  on  the  heads  of  the  thiffh 


bones,  the  extent  of  which  is  regulated  by  voli- 
tion, under  the  guidance  of  vision. 

WALLACHIA,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
There  are  many  excellent  sulphureous  springs 
in  this  country,  especially  those  at  Bobolsch, 
Finceschti,  Sibitschiudi  Suz,  Br'asa,  Otschin, 
Serboneschte,  Kitnpalungi,  Kosia,  and  Olo- 
neschti.  Chalybeate  and  saline  springs  have 
also  been  found  at  Sibitschiudi  Suz— Siller. 

WALLFLOWER,  Cheiranthus  choiri. 

WALLRUE,  Asplenium  ruta  muraria. 

WALNUT,  Juglans  regia— w.  White,  Jug- 
lans  cinerea. 

WALTON,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  A 
mineral  spring  near  Tewkesbury,  in  Glou- 
cestershire, England.  It  is  an  acidulous  cha- 
lybeate. 


WANT 


795 


WATER,  MINERAL 


WANT,  from  past  participle  of  Sax.  >anian, 
■  to  wane;'  'to  fall  away.'  'Need  of  that  which 
is  necessary.'  (F.)  Besoin.  This  word  is  some- 
times used  to  express  the  imperious  necessity 
which  compels  us  to  take  food,  drink,  &c. 
(See  Hunger  and  Thirst.)  In  a  more  general 
sense,  it  means  the  impressions  transmitted  by 
the  organs  to  the  brain,  when  it  is  necessary 
that  they  should  act:  these  wants  are  called 
instinctive  desires  and  internal  sensations  or 
stimuli.  Such  are  the  desires  or  wants  to  eat, 
drink,  void  the  urine,  breathe,  {besoin  de  res- 
pirer,)  &c,  &c. 

Want,  in  the  sense  of  Indigence,  (L.)  Egestas, 
'  Indigentia,  is  the  cause  of  a  number  of  dis- 
eases. 

WARD'S  ESSENCE  FOR  THE  HEAD- 
ACHE, Linimentum  camphorse  compositum. 

WARM  SPRINGS,  see  Virginia,  Mineral 
Waters  of. 

WARN  ERA  CANADENSIS,  Hydrastis  Ca- 
nadensis. 
WART,  Verruca — w.  Corneous,  Cornu. 
WASH,  BLACK,  see  Hydrargyri  submurias 
— w.  Preventive,  Lotion,  Hannay's — w.  White, 
Liquor  plumbi  subacetatis  dilutus. 

WASHERWOMAN'S  SCALL,  Psoriasis 
diffusa. 

WASP,  Vespa,  Sphex.  (F.)  Guepe.  A  genus 
of  gregarious  insects,  like  the  bee  and  the  ant. 
They  are  armed  with  a  sting,  which  pours  a 
poisonous  fluid  into  the  puncture  made  by  it. 
(See  Poisons,  Table  of.)  The  best  application 
is  the  Sp.  ammonias  aromaticus,  or  some  pre- 
paration of  ammonia. 

WASSERBURG,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  Wasserburg  is  a  town  of  Bavaria,  seated 
on  the  Inn,  23  miles  east  of  Munich.  The 
water,  called  also  Aqua  Agalii,  contains  car- 
bonic acid;  carbonates  of  lime  and  magnesia; 
sulphates  of  lime  and  magnesia;  chloride  of 
sodium,  carbonate  of  soda  and  oxide  of  iron. 
WASSERCUR,  Hydrosudotherapeia. 
WATLR,  Sax.  J'steji,  Aqua,  Hydor,  'vSwq, 
.lima,  (F.)  Eau.  Water  was  at  one  time,  re- 
garded as  a  simple  element.  It  is  now  known 
To  consist  of  eight  parts  by  weight  of  oxygen, 
and  one  of  hydrogen.  It  freezes  at  32°,  and 
boils  at  212°,  of  Fahrenheit;  and  is  taken  as  the 
unit  in  all  tables  of  the  specific  gravity  of  solid 
and  liquid  substances.— Water,  as  we  meet 
with  it,  is  very  different  in  its  state  of  purity; 
generally,  it  contains  small  quantities  of  saline 
matter;  at  other  times,  as  in  sea  water  and  mi- 
neral waters,  it  is  largely  impregnated.  The 
characters  of  water,  as  met  with  under  ordinary 
circumstances,  are  well  compared  by  Celsus, 
"Aqua  levissima  pluviulis  est;  dcinde  fontana, 
turn  ex  fi  amine,  turn  ex  puteo:  post  hsec  ex  nive, 
uut  glade:  gravior  his  ex  lacu  gravmima  ex 
pa/ude:'  Pure  water  is  one  of  the  best  diluents 
that  can  be  used.  When  cold  and  especially 
when  iced,  it  is  one  of  the  most  useful  refr.ge- 
r-int«-  ind  in  the  form  of  the  co>l,  tepid,  and 
warm  bath',  it  is  serviceable  in  numerous  dis- 

ea«f"          ««.   Ai*  i  a  Chapelle,  see   Aix-Ia- 
*'-! —    —  — w.  Bar 


Spintus  ca 


— w.  Cinnamon,  strong,  Spiritus  cinnamomi — 
w.  Cure,  Hydrosudotherapeia. 

Water,  Cologne;  a  celebrated  perfume  may 
be  made  of  01.  lavand.,  01.  rosmarin.  aa  f.  Zvij ; 
Essent.  Union,  f.  Kiiss;  01.  cinnam.  gtt.  x;  Alcohol. 
Ovj.     M. 

Water,  Distilled,  Aqua  destilla'ta,  (F.)  Eau 
disiillce,  Holy  water,  is  generally  ordered  in  ex- 
temporaneous prescriptions,  but  is  rarely  used. 
In  some  cases,  however,  it  is  absolutely  neces- 
sary;  as  water,  containing  any  saline  impreg- 
nation— hard  water,  for  example — decomposes 
certain  substances.  Distilled  water  has  been  re- 
commended as  a  diet-drink  in  cancerous  affec- 
tions; and  it  is  used  in  the  religious  ceremonies 
of  the  Catholic  church.  In  the  Pharmacopoeia  of 
the  United  States,  (1842)  it  is  directed  to  be  made 
as  follows.— Take  of  Water,  ten  gallons.  First 
distil  two  pints,  and  throw  them  away;  then 
distil  eight  gallons.  Keep  the  distilled  water 
in  glass  bottles. 

Water,  Epileptic, of  Langids,  Langii  aqua 
epileptica— w.  Fennel,  Aqua  Fceniculi — w.  Flag, 
yellow,  Iris  pseudacorus. 

Water,  Florida,  —  a  celebrated  perfume 
may  be  made  of  01.  bergami  f.  §iv;  Tinct. 
benzoin,  c.  f.  j^ij;  Alcohol,  cong. 

Water,  Oom.ard,  Liquor  plumbi  subaceta- 
tis dilutus— w.  Holy,  Water,  distilled — w.  Ho- 
ney, see  Mel — w.  in  the  Head,  Hydrocephalus 
—  w.  Hungary,  Spiritus  rosmarini — w.  Jags, 
see  Varicella. 

Water,  Lake,  Aqua  ex  lacu,  (F.)  Eau  de  lac, 
is  apt  to  be  impure,  from  decayed  animal  and 
vegetable  matters.  A  great  deal  will,  however, 
depend  upon  the  magnitude  of  the  collection, 
and  the  degree  of  stagnation. 

Water,  Laurel,  see  Prunus  lauro-cerasus — 
w.  Lavender,  Spiritus  lavandulas — w.  Lime,  Li- 
quor calcis — w.  Lime,  compound,  Liquor  calcis 
compositus — w.  Magnesia,  carbonated,  Magne- 
sia, fluid — w.  Magnesia,  aerated,  Magnesia,  fluid. 
Water,  Marsh,  Aqua  paludo'sa,  (F.)  Eau  de 
Marais,  is  the  most  impure  of  all.  It  is  gene- 
rally more  stagnant,  and  of  course  more  loaded 
with  decomposing  animal  and  vegetable  malters. 
Water,  Mineral,  Aqua  minera'lis,  A.salu'- 
bris,  A.  medica'ta,  Fons  saluta'rius,  F.  medico! tits, 
F.  sote'rius,  Aqua  sote'ria,  (F.)  Eau  minerale. 
Water,  holding  in  solution  different  saline  and 
gazeous  substances  in  sufficient  quantity  to  be 
possessed  of  medicinal  properties,  or  of  a  tem- 
perature different  from  that  of  the  ordinary 
springs  of  the  country. 

Mineral  waters  may  be  divided  into  four 
classes: — 1.  Gazeous  or  Acidulous.  2.  Chaly- 
beate. 3.  Saline.  4.  Sulphureous.  These  may 
be  thermal,  or  cold, — natural,  or  artificial.  Many 
of'these  divisions,  however,  run  into  each  other; 
some  of  the  substances,  which  they  hold  dis- 
solved, belonging  to  one  class  as  well  as  to 
another. 

1.  Gazeous,  Acid'ulous  or  Car'honaled  Min'e- 
ral  Waters,  Aqua  miner a 'Its  acid!  id  a:,  (F.)  Eaux 
mineral  cs  gazeuses  ou  acidules.  The  waters, 
referred  to  this  class,  are  those  that  contain  car- 
bonic acid  gas  in  such  quantity  as  to  commu- 
nicate to  it  certain  sensible  qualities.  Waters, 
impregnated  with  free  carbonic  acid,  sparkle 
when  drawn  from  the  spring,  or  when  poured 
into  a  glass.  They  have  a  sharp,  acidulous 
taste;  but  become  vapid  from  exposure  to  the 
air.    Along  with  the  carbonic  acid,  there  are 


WATER 


796 


WATER 


generally  present  portions  of  saline,  earthy  or 
metallic  matter,  chiefly  carbonates  of  lime,  mag- 
nesia, and  iron.  Waters,  highly  impregnated 
with  carbonic  acid  gas,  are  grateful  to  the  sto- 
mach; increase  the  appetite,  and  are  diuretic; 
hence,  their  utility  in  dyspepsia,  hypochondria- 
sis, and  gout.  Their  properties  are,  of  course, 
modified  by  the  saline  matter  that  may  be  also 
contained  in  them.  The  most  celebrated  amongst 
the  acidulous  waters  are  those  of  Bar,  Chatel- 
don,  Saint  Myon,  Mont  d'Or,Langeac,  Seltzer, 
Schlangenbad,  Sultzmatt,  Pyrmont,  Spa,  Carls- 
bad, Cheltenham,  Scarborough,  Saratoga,  Balls- 
ton,  and  the  Sweet  Springs  of  Virginia. 

2.  Ckalyb'eate  or  Ferru'  ginous  Mineral  Wa- 
ters, Aqua,  minera'les  ferrugino'sce,  (F.)  Eaux 
minerales  ferrugineuses,  contain  iron — sulphate, 
chloride  or  carbonate,  generally  the  latter — held 
in  solution  by  an  excess  of  acid.  Chalybeate 
waters  have  a  peculiar  styptic  taste.  They  are 
transparent,  when  taken  from  the  spring;  but, 
when  exposed  for  some  time  to  the  air,  a  pellicle 
forms  on  the  surface,  and  a  deposite  of  the  iron 
takes  place.  Chalybeate  waters  are  used  as 
tonics  in  debility  of  all  kinds;  in  all  cases,  in 
fact,  where  iron  is  considered  to  be  indicated. 
They  are  the  most  numerous  of  all  the  classes 
of  mineral  waters.  In  the  present  Dictionary, 
those  only  are  specified  which  have  some  cele- 
brity; yet  there  are  upwards  of  ninety;  whilst 
there  are  more  than  sixty  of  the  saline,  and 
upwards  of  thirty-five  of  the  sulphureous.  The 
most  celebrated  chalybeates  are  those  of  Tun- 
bridge,  Scarborough,  Spa,  Bussang,  Forges, 
Vichy,  Pyrmont,  Passy,  Provins,  and  Vals. 

3.  Saline  Mineral  Waters,  Jlqux  minerales  sali'- 
nas,  Amna  alcaliza'ta  (Paracelsus,)  (F.)  Eaux 
minerales  salines.  Waters,  holding  in  solution 
different  saline  substances,  in  greater  quantity 
than  the  acidulous  waters.  They  differ  in  pro- 
perties, according  to  the  salts  contained  in  them. 
The  salts  usually  present,  are  sulphates,  chlo- 
rides, and  carbonates;  and  the  bases,  with  which 
the  acids  forming  these  are  combined,  are  soda, 
magnesia,  and  lime.    Saline  mineral  waters  are 


usually  aperient;  and  the  most  noted  are  those 
of  Seltzer,  Sedlitz,  Balaruc,  Bourbonne-les- 
Bain3,  Baden,  Epsom,  Cheltenham,  &c. 

To  this  class  may  also  be  added  Sea  water. 

4.  Sulphu'reous  Mineral  Waters,  Jiqum  mine- 
rales sulphu'reae,-  when  warm,  termed  Theiother- 
mse,  Theother'mae,  Fontes  sulphu'rei  catidi,  (F.) 
Eaux  mindrales  sulfureuses,  Eaux  su/fure'es,  E. 
sulfureuses,  E.  hepatiques,  &c.  These  waters 
owe  their  distinguishing  character  to  an  im- 
pregnation of  sulphuretted  hydrogen,  and  are 
at  once  recognised  by  their  peculiar  fetid  smell, 
resembling  that  of  rotten  eggs.  They  usually 
contain  saline  substances,  which  modify  their 
powers.  From  the  action  of  the  sulphuretted 
hydrogen,  they  are  useful  in  cutaneous  af- 
fections; and,  from  the  combined  action  of 
this  and  the  saline  matter,  they  are  valuable 
agents  in  diseases  of  the  digestive  organs. 
They  are  also  employed  in  cutaneous  eruptions; 
and  the  warm  sulphur  baths  have  been  espe- 
cially celebrated  in  such  cases,  as  well  as  in 
rheumatic  affections.  The  most  renowned  sul- 
phureous waters  are  those  of  Bareges,  Bagneres- 
de-Luchon,  Cauterets,  Bonnes,  Aix  in  Savoy, 
Aix-la-Chapelle,  Enghien,  Harrowgate,  Moffat, 
Virginia  Springs,  &c. 

Some  springs,  as  those  of  Bath,  Buxton,  Dax, 
Matlock,  Warm  and  Hot  Springs  of  Virginia, 
&c,  are  almost  pure  Thermal  Mineral  Waters. 
They  are  valuable  agents  in  rheumatic  affec- 
tions; the  warmth  being  equable  during  the 
whole  period  the  individual  is  immersed  in 
them;  which  cannot  be  the  case  in  the  artificial 
thermal  bath. 

Artificial  Mineral  Waters,  (F.)  Eaux 
minerales  artificielles  ou  factices.  These  are 
imitations  of  the  natural;  and  some  of  them — 
as  the  factitious  Cheltenham  water,  and  Sedlitz 
water — answer  the  purposes  of  the  natural  wa- 
ter tolerably  well.  The  acidulous  and  chaly- 
beate waters  are,  however,  most  easily  imitated. 

The  following  Table  by  Dr.  Pereira  exhibits 
the  composition  of  some  of  the  principal  mine- 
ral waters. 


E- 

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water,  nutmeg 


799 


WEIGHTS  AND  MEASURES 


Water,  Nutmeg, Spiritus  myristicse— w.  Par-' 
snep,  creeping,  Sium_w.  Pennyroyal,  spiritu- 
ous    Sp.r.tus    pulegii-w.   Peppermint,    Aqua 
mentliaj  piporitsc-w.  Qualm,  Pyrosis. 

Water,  Ra,n,  jqua  p/MW-0//i5,  {Y\  Eau  de 
plme  when  collected  at  a  distance  from  houses 
or  other  elevated  objects,  is  the  purest  natural 
water  and  has  the  least  specific  gravity.  The 
only  bodies  which  it  usually  holds  in  solution, 
are  carbonic  acid,  and  minute  traces  of  carbo- 
nate of  lime  and  chloride  of  calcium. 

Water,  River,  Aqua  fluviat'ilis,  is  derived 
from  the  conflux  of  numerous  springs  and  rain 
water.     It  is,  generally,  pretty  pure. 

Water,  Rose,  Aqua  roste. 

"Water,  Sea,  Aqua  Mari'na,  Humor  Do/idis, 
(F.)  Euu  de  Mer.  This  contains  chloride  of 
sodium,  magnesium  and  calcium,  and  sulphate 
of  magnesia.  It  is  cathartic  and  forms  the  usual 
glyster  at  sea.  It  makes  an  excellent  tonic  bath; 
superior  in  most  cases — especially  in  scrofula — 
to  the  fresh  water  bath. 

Water,  Seydschutz,  Sedlitz  water. 

Water,  Snow,  Aqua  niva'ta,  (F.)  Eau  de 
neige,  has  usually  been  deemed  unwholesome. 
It  exactly  resembles  rain  water  in  composition, 
and  is  equally  salubrious. 

Water,  Spearmint,  Aqua  menthae  viridis. 

Water,  Spring,  Jlqua  fonta'na,  Hydropegg, 
(F.)  Eau  dcfordaine,  contains,  in  addition  to  the 
substances  detected  in  rain  water,  more  or  less 
sulphate  of  lime.  When  this  is  to  such  an  ex- 
tent as  to  curdle  soap,  the  water  is  said  to  be 
hard;  if  not,  soft.  Hard  water  is,  of  course, 
inferiorto  soft,  for  domestic  and  medicinal  purposes. 

Water,  Styptic,  Sydenham's  solutio  sul- 
phatis  cupri  composita — w.  Tar,  see  Pinus  sylvestris. 

Water,  Well,  Aqua  putea'lis,  (F.)  Eau  dc 
puit,  Eau  de  source,  is  the  same  as  spring  water, 
but  liable  to  impregnation,  owing  to  the  land 
springs  filtering  into  the  wells,  and  conveying 
impurities  into  them. 

Waters,  Distilled,  Aqua  destillatae — w. 
First,  Primitiffl. 

WATTWEILER,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  Wattweiler  is  a  small  town  in  the  depart- 
ment of  Haut-Rhin,  at  the  foot  of  the  Vosges. 
The  waters  are  acidulous  chalybeates,  and  con- 
tain carbonates  of  iron,  lime,  and  soda;  chloride 
of  sodium,  and  free  carbonic  acid. 

WAX,  MYRTLE.  A  wax  obtained  from  the 
fruit  of  Myri'ca  cerif'era.  It  has  been  prescribed 
in  dysentery. 

VVax,  Yellow  and  White,  Cera  flava  et  alba. 

WAXING  KERNELS,  Crescen'tix,  (F.) 
Croissances,  Croissants,  Glandes  de  croissance. 
A  popular  term  for  small  tumours,  formed  by 
an  enlargement  of  the  lymphatic  glands — in 
the  groins  of  children  particularly.  They  have 
been  looked  upon  as  connected  with  the  growth 
of  the  body,— hence  their  name. 

WAY,  Saxon  pres,  Via,  Passage,  Odos  (F.) 
Voie.     A  name  given  to  different  canals. 

WAYS  DIGES'TIVE,  Digestive  Passages, 
Primse  Vise,  (F.)  Voies  digestives,  Premieres  voies, 
are  the  ser'ies'of  hollow  organs  of  digestion, 
composed  of  mouth,  oesophagus,  stomach,  and 
small  and  large  intestines.  The  term  is  often  re- 
stricted to  the  first  three  of  these. 

Ways,   Second,  Second  Passages,   Secunda 
via,  (F.)  Secondes  voies  comprise  the  chyliferous, 
ivmph;itic  and  blood  vessels. 
y  WEAKSIGHTEDNESS,  Asthenopia. 


WEANING,  from  Saxon  penan,  'to  wean,' 
Ablacta'tio,  Apogaluctis'mus,  (F.)  Sevrage.  The 
act  of  depriving  the  infant,  permanently,  of  the 
breast,  in  order  to  feed  it  on  other  and  more 
solid  nourishment. 

Weaning  Brash,  see  Brash,  weaninc. 

WEATHERCOCKS,  Impatiens. 

WEB,  MUSCULAR,  Panniculus  carnosus. 

WEB-EYE,  Caligo. 

WEDGED,  (D.)  w  e  g  g  h  e,  Inclu'sus,  In- 
hxrens,  (F.)  Enclavce.  The  head  of  the  foetus 
is  said  to  be  wedged  in  the  pelvis,  when  it  re- 
mains fixed  notwithstanding  the  uterine  efforts. 

The  condition  is  called  Incunea'tio,  Spheno'sis, 
(F.)  Enclavement.     See  Paragomphosis. 

WEED  IN  THE  B  RE  AST,  Mastodynia 
apostematosa — w.  Dyer's,  Reseda  luleola — w. 
Field,  Anthemis  cotula— w.  Horsefly,  Sophora 
tinctoria — w.  Milk,  Apocynum  androssemifo- 
lium — w.  Soldiers',  Matico — w.  Silver,  Poten- 
tilla  anserina. 

WEIGHT,  from  Saxon  pa^an,  'to  weigh,' 
(F.)  Pesanteur.  A  sensation  of  heaviness  or 
pressure  over  the  whole  body,  or  over  a  part. 
— the  stomach  or  head  for  example. 

WEIGHTS  AND  MEASURES,  Pon'dera  a 
Mensu'rce,  (F.)  Poids  et  Mcsures.  The  impor- 
tance of  possessing  a  uniform  system  of  weights 
and  measures  has  impressed  the  scientific  of 
all  countries,  and  numerous  endeavours  have 
been  made  to  accomplish  the  object.  It  is, 
however,  a  matter  of  considerable  difficult}', 
and  one  not  likely  to  be  attained.  The  new 
French  measures  are  upon  decidedly  the  best 
footing,  but  they  are  not  adopted  out  of  France. 
The  greatest  diversity  prevails  over  Europe  in 
the  measures  both  of  weight  and  capacity. 
Some  of  the  following  tables  will  show,  that 
every  subdivision  of  the  pound,  as  well  as  the 
pound  itself,  differs  in  England  and  in  France 

WEIGHTS. 

Troy  Weight,  as  used  by  the  British  Apothecaries. 


The  pound 
The  ounce 
The  drachm 
The  scruple 
The  grain 


~\ 


("12  ounces. 
j    8  drachms. 
X    )■  contains-^    3  scruples. 
9    1  |  20  grains. 

gr-J  I 

These,  and  the  signs  by  which  they  are  de- 
noted, are  the  same  in  all  the  British  Pharma- 
copoeias, as  well  as  in  the  American. 


Oz. 

12      = 
1      = 


Dr'ms. 
96 


Scrup. 

288 

24 

3 

1 

Poids  de  Mare. 


1     = 


Grs. 

5760 

480 

60 

20 


The  pound    "1  ("16  ounces. 

The  ounce  8  drachms. 

The  drachm  >  contains  {    3  scruples. 
The  scruple  |  24  grains. 

The  grain     J  t. 

Avoirdupois. 
Pound.      Ounces.  Drachms.        Troy  grains, 

lb.  1      =      16         =      256        =  7000 

1         =        16        =  4375 

1        =     27,34375 

The  avoirdupois  drachm  is  sometimes  divided 
into  three  scruples,  and  the  scruple  into  ten 
grains.  The  pound  of  7GS0  grains  avoirdu- 
pois =  7000  grains  troy,  and  hence  1  grain 
troy  =  1.097  grain  avoirdupois. 

The  Poids  de  Marc  is  that  employed  by  the 
French  Pharmaciens,  when  the  new  weights 
are  not. 


WEIGHTS  AND  MEASURES 


800 


The   following  Tables   exhibit  the  relative 
value  of  the  old  French  and  English  weights. 

Poids  de  Marc.         Troy  TVt.  Jlvoird.  Troy  grs. 

Ipd.  (hvre)     =1.31268/4    =1.080143/6=7.5(51 
1  oz.  (ounce.)  =    .984504oz  =1.080143oz  =   472.5625 
1  dr.  (ores.)    =     .954504</r  =  59.0703125 

1  Sr-  =  .820421 


Troy. 

1  pound.     = 
1  ounce.     = 
1  drachm.  = 
1  grain. 

Poids  de  Marc. 
0.76180  lb.     = 
1.01574  once  = 
1.01574  gros  = 

French  grains. 
7561 
585.083 
73.135 
1.219 

Avoirdupois. 
1  pound         = 
1  ounce          = 

Poids  de  Marc. 
0.925803  lb.       = 
0.925803  once.  = 

French  grains 
8532.3 
533.27 

To  convert  French  grains  into  Troy  ) 
grains,  divide  by  f 

Troy  grains  into  French  i 

grains  multiply  by         ) 

— : French  ounces  into  Troy  \ 

ounces,  divide  by  f 

Troy  ounces  into  French  f 

ounces,  multiply  by  ; 
To  convert    French    pounds   (poids} 

de    marc)     into     Troy  j 

pounds,  multiply  by  y 
Troy  pounds  into  French  | 

pounds,  divide  by        J 


1.015734 


Troy  grain. 
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 


French  grain. 
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 


Poids  de  Marc  or 
French  grain. 
1.219 
2.438 
3.657 
4.876 
6.095 
7.314 
8.533 
9.753 
10.972 
Troy  grain. 
0.8233 
1.6406 
2.4609 
3.2812 
4.1015 
4.9218 
5.7421 
6.5624 
7.3827 


New  French  Decimal  Weights. 


Milligramme  = 

Centigramme  = 

Decigramme  = 

Gramme  = 

Decagramme  = 

Hectogramme  = 

Kilogramme  = 

Myriagramme  = 

Comparative    Value 
Pound  and 


Troy  grains. 
.0154 
.1544 
1.5444 
15.4440       lb.  oz.  dr. 
154.4402  =002 
1544.4023  =  031 
15444.0234  =  281 
154440.2344      26     9     6 


gr- 
34.4 
44.4 
24 

0 


Germany 

Amsterdam 

Belgium 

Berne 

Copenhagen 

Florence 

Genoa 

Geneva 

Hamburg 

Lisbon 

London 

Madrid 

Milan 

Monaco 

Naples 

Paris 

Rome 

Stockholm 

United  Slates 

Warsaw 

Venice 

Vienna 


lbs. 

0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 

1 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

1 

0 
0 

0 

1 

0 

1 


of  the   French    Medicinal 
that  of  other  places. 

oz.  dr.  gr. 

15  4  48 

00  0  42 

00  0  42 

00  0  00 

15  3  201 

11  0  5!)    divided  into  12  oz. 
10  5  60        do. 

00  0  18 

15  2  15 

15  7  68 

12  3  12  divided  into  12  oz. 
15  0  16 

9  3  00 

15  2  23 

10  7  54    divided  into  12  oz. 
00  0  00    divided  into  16  oz. 

11  0  50        do.      into  12  oz. 


13  7 

12  3 

10  4 

8  6 

2  2 


12    divided  into  12  oz. 

24 

00 

32 


WEIGHTS  AND  MEASURES 


MEASURES  OF  CAPACITY. 


English  Measure  of  Fluids. 
The  gallon  (congins)         "1  f  8  pints. 

The  pint  (octarius)        O   |  10  fluid  ounces. 

The fiuidounce  f.  5;    {.contains^    8  fluid  drachms. 

The  fluidrachm  f.'%   I  I  CO  minims. 

The  minim  XX^  J  I. 

Proportions  of  the  Apothecaries  and  Wine  Gallon. 

Gal.    Pints.    Fluidoz.    Fluidr.    Minims.    Cub. inches. 
1=8=      128     =     1024    =    61440    =  231 

1    =       16    =      128    =     7680    =    28.875 

1    =  8   =       480    =      1.8047 

1    =         60    =        .2256 

Imperial  Measure,  adopted  by  the  London  College 
in  their  Pharmacopeia  of  1836. 


Gallon.    Pints.     Fluidounces. 

1=8=        160        = 

1    =  20        = 

1        = 


Fluidrachms.  Minims. 

1280        =  76800 

160        =  9600 

8        =  480 

1        =  60 


Comparative    Value  of  the   Proportions   of  the 
Wine  and  Imperial  Gallons. 
Wine.  Imperial. 


Pints. 

Fluidoz. 

Fluidr. 

Minims 

1  gallon          =  6 

13 

2 

23 

1  pint             = 

16 

5 

18 

1  fiuidounce  = 

1 

0 

20 

1  fluidrachm  = 

1 

2i 

Imperial.  Wine. 

Gallon.  Pints.  Fluidoz.  Fluidr.  Minims. 

1  gallon          =1             1             9              5  8 

1  pint              =                 1             3              1  33 

1  fiuidounce  =                                              7  41 

1  fluidrachm  =  58 

French  Measures  of  Capacity. 
English  cubic  inches.        Wine  measure. 


Millilitre 

Centilitre 

Decilitre 

Litre 

Decalitre 

Hectolitre 

Kilolitre 

Myrialitre 


.001028 

:  .610280 

6.102800 

61.028000 

610.280000 

6102.800000 

61028.000000 

610280.000000 


=  10.2318  minims. 

2.7053  fluidrachms. 
3.3816  fluidounces. 
2.1135  pints. 
2.6419  gallons. 


0 

1 

2 

0 

2 

5 

0 

5 

0 

1 

0 

0 

Approximative  comparison  between  the  ancient 
French  Measures  of  capacity,  and  the  new, 
and  conversely. 

Grammes.  Litres.  Decilitres.  Centilitres. 

1  poisson       =    125     or 

I  demi-setier  =   250     or 

1  chopine       =    500      or 

1  pints  =  1000      or 

Grammes,  lbs.  oz  dr.  gr. 

I  centilitres      10    or    0     0    2J    00 

1  den  litre  =    100     or     0      3    2      00 

1  litre        =1000    or    2     0    3     30=  2.113  E.  w.  pis. 

Measures  of  Length. 

Inches. 
I  line,  the  13th  part  of  an  inch. 

3  barley  corns  1.000 
A  palm  or  hand's  breadth  (Scripture  measure)  3.648 
A  hand  (horse  measure)  4.000 
A  span  (Scripture  measure)  10.944 
Afoot  12.000 
A  cubit  (Scripture  measure  for  common  pur- 
poses) 18.000 
A  cubit  (Scripture  measure  for  sacred  pur- 
poses) 21.888 
A  Flemish  ell  27.000 
A  yard  3  ft.  00 
An  English  ell  3  "  09 
A  fathum  or  toisc  6  "  00 

New  French  Measures  of  Length. 
English  inches. 
Millimetre  0.039 

Centimetre  0.393 

Decimetre  3.937  yd.  ft.  inch. 

Metre  39.371        =        1  0  3.37 


WEIGHTS  AND  MEASURES  801  WEST  INDIES,  CLIMATE  OF 


VALCES    OF  THE    GRECIAN,  ROMAN,  AND  ARABIAN 
"WEIGHTS  AND  MEASURES  IN  POIDS  DE  MARC. 

1.  Weights  of  the  Ancient  Greeks. 


lbs.  oz.  dr. 

54     2     5 

14     3 


The  talent 
The  mina 
The  drachm 
The  obolu3 
The  ceration 
The  chalcus 
The  scpton 

2.  Weights  of  the  Ancient  Romans. 

oz.  dr.  gr. 
The  pound  (libra)  10    - 

The  ounce  (uncia) 
The  durlla 
The  sicilicus 
The  sextula 

The  consular  denier,  denarius 
The  imperial  dmier  or  drachm,  drachma 
The  victoriatus 
The  scriptulum  or  scruple 
The  obolus 
The  siliqua 

The  Greeks  divided  their  obolus  into  chalci 
and  lepta:  some   divided  it  into  6  chalci,  and 
each  chalcus  into  7  lepta:  others  into  8  chalci, 
and  every  chalcus  into  8  lepta  or  minuta. 
3.   Weights  said  to  be  of  the  Arabians,  Modem 

Greeks,  and  Latins  of  the  barbarous  periods 

of  the  Middle  Ages. 

The  alchemion 

The  manes  or  ominos 

Sacros,  augbhen,  adar,  assatil 

The  great  or  royal  nut 

The  seztarius  stater 

The  lesser  nut 

Miovanus 

Jlureus,  Mcobolus 

The  hazel  nut,  bendacale,  holca,  alchi,  darchi- 

mi,  atogochilos,  ologinat,  nabach 
The  acorn,  lupine,  Egyptian  or  Syrian  bean, 

the  bachil 
The  Alexandrian  bean  or  tremessis 
The   Greek    bean    or  gramme,  the    kermet, 

gonum,  hanni  gracchus  -1 

The  ring,  cumulus,  seminet,  onolosich,  oho- 

tossat  *J 

The  danic/i  = 

The  kirat,  alkilat,  kararit.  4 

1.   Greek  Measures. 

lbs.  oz,  dr.  gr 
The  melretes 
The  chus,  choa,  congius 
The  zrs(es 
The  ciAyle 
The  tctiarton 
The  oxybaphon 
The  cyathos 
The  cvnche 
The  myst.-on 
The  ch.irna  minor 
The  cochlcarion 

2.  Roman  Measures  of  Capacity. 

lbs.  oz.  dr.  gr. 
The  amphora  or  catfus  •>«    2 

The  xraa  ^ 

The  congius 
The  seztarius 
The  hemina 
The  quaitarius 
The  acetabulum 
The  cyat hus  or  sma/Z  ^/ass 
The  ^o-«/a  or  spoonful 


oz. 

dr. 

gr- 

14 

3 

40 

10 

6 

28 

7 

16 

3 

■14 

3 

44 

2 

50 

2 

39 

2 

14 

1 

11 

42 
30 

84 

4 

3 

(ill 

7 

0 

2 

66 

1 

1 

7 

41 

3 

7 

58 

4 

3 

65 

'J 

1 

69 

1 

4 

DO 

(i 

00 

3 

(III 

2 

00 

1 

00 

3.  Measures  said  to  be  of  the *£^ j*"* «> 
and  Latin  Physicians  of  the  Meddle  Ages. 


^pMal\hafi^-°lhaa8iUnW> 

•Vhn  mlit  or  rndati 

The  hatful  ,/ugillum,  cornusum 

ferial  cuabus 


arnica 
marsh-mallow 
mallow 
fennel  seeds 
aniseed 


1    5    34 


The  lesser  bachates  5  5G 

The  largest  spoonful  4  44 

A  spoonful  1  5-2 

The  colunns  or  reclanarium  1  28 

A  small  spoonful  or  flagirina,  or  cyanes  1  11 

The  smallest  spoonful  or  faluxliel  42 

Besides    the    weights  and    measures  above 
mentioned,  employed  by  the  moderns,  there  are 
modes  of  estimating  the  quantities  of  substances 
by  approximation.     For  example: — 
A  glassful  or  cupful,  ((F.)   Verre)  is  reckoned 

to  contain  4  or  5  fluidounces. 
A  wine  glassful,  1^  ounce  or  two  ounces. 
A  table-spoonful,  ((F.)  Cuiller  a  bouche)  about 

half  an  ounce. 
A  coffee  or  dessert-spoonful,  about  3  drachms. 
A  tea-spoonful,  a  fluidrachm. 
A  handful,  manipulus,-  ((F.)  Poignee.) 
The  Pugillus  is  as  much  as  can  be  held  by  the 
three  fingers.     ((F.)  Pincee.) 
These  last  quantities  are   occasionally   pre- 
scribed   by    the    French    practitioners.     Their 
weights  must,  of  course,  vary,  according  to  the 
article.    The  authors  of  the  Parisian  codex  have 
valued  them,  as  regards  certain  substances. 

oz.  dr. 
A  Manipulus  of  barley  weighs  3    2£ 

"  linseed  1    4 

"  linseed  meal  3    3 

"  drii  d  mallow  leaves  1    3 

"  dried  chicory  leaves  1     0 

'•  flowers  of  the  tilia  1    2J 

dr  scr.  gr. 
A  Pugillus  of  chamomile  floweis  weighs  2 

1  1 

60 
1    61 

2  i 

A  hens  egg,nev/\y  laid,  weighs  about  2  ounces 
and  2  drachms: — when  deprived  of  its  shell,  2 
ounces.  The  ichite  weighs  1  ounce,  2  drachms, 
and  57  grains :  the  yolk,  5  drachms  and  15  grains. 

WELD,  Reseda  luteola. 

WELK,  Gutta  rosea. 

W EM  DING,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
These  waters  are  situate  about  four  leagues 
from  Donawert  in  Bavaria.  They  contain  sul- 
phuretted hydrogen;  carbonates  of  lime,  mag- 
nesia, and  soda;  sulphates  of  lime  and  magne- 
sia; a  little  chloride  of  calcium,  and  oxide  of 
iron;  and  are  much  used  in  asthenic  diseases. 

WEN,  Sax.  pen,  Lu'pia,  Tumour  (q.  v.,)  (F.) 
Loupe.  A  name  given  to  circumscribed,  indo- 
lent tumours,  without  inflammation  or  change 
of  colour  of  the  skin.  They  may  be  met  with 
in  almost  every  part  of  the  body.  Their  mag- 
nitude, as  well  as  nature,  is  very  variable.  The 
term  is  sometimes  given  to  an  encysted  tumour, 
and  to  bronchocele,  (q.  v.) 

WESTERN  ISLANDS,  Azores. 

WEST  INDIES,  (CLIMATE  OF.)  The 
climate  of  the  West  Indies  has  long  been  re- 
garded as  favourable  to  the  consumptive.  In 
confirmed  consumption,  it  appears,  however,  to 
be  positively  injurious.  As  a  prophylactic  for 
those  predisposed  to  consumption,  it  is  generally 
favourable.  The  nature  of  the  patient's  consti- 
tution, in  regard  to  the  effects  of  elevated  tem- 
perature, has  always  to  be  taken  into  account. 
In  diseases,  that  are  benefited  by  warm  climates, 
the  West  Indies  afford  an  appropriate  residence. 
The  islands  in  which  the  invalid  can  best  ob- 
tain all  the  advantages  of  the  climate,  are  Ja- 
maica, Barbadoes,  St.  Vincents,  Antigua,  8t. 
Kitts,  and  Santa  Cruz. 


WHEAT 


802 


WINE 


WHEAT,  Triticum — w.Indian,  Zea  mays— 
V.  Turkey.  Zea  mays. 

WHELK,  Acne— w.  Chin,  Sycosis. 

WHEY,  Serum  lactis—w.  Rennet,  see  Serum 
tactis— w.  Tamarind,  see  Tamarindus. 

WHISKY,  see  Spirit.  A  spirituous  liquor 
obtained  from  oats,  potatoes,  &c.  by  distillation. 

Whiskv  Liver,  Liver,  nutmeg. 

WHISTLING,  Sifflement. 

WHITE,  Flake,  Plumbi  subcarbonas — w. 
Ball,  Cephalanthus  occidentalis — w.  Leaf,  Py- 
rola  maculata,  Spiram  tomentosa — w.  Leg, 
Phlegmatia  dolens — w.  Root,  Angelica  lucida, 
Asclepias  tuberosa — w.  Spanish,  Bismuth,  sub- 
nitrate  of—  w.  Swell  ing,Hydrarthr  us — w.  Swell- 
ing of  lying-in  women,  Phlegmatia  dolens — w. 
Sulphur,  see  Virginia,  Mineral  waters  of — w. 
Weed,  Chrysanthemum  leucanthemum  —  w. 
Wood,  Liriodendron,  Tilia. 

WHITES,  THE,  Leucorrhcca. 

WHITLOW,  Paronychia. 

WHOOPINGCOUGH,  Pertussis. 

WHORLYWORT,  Leptandria  purpurea. 

WHORTLEBERRY,  Vaccinium  myrtillus, 
Vaccinium  vitis  idaea  —  w.  Bears,  Arbutus  uva 
ursi. 

WHORTS,  BLACK,  Vaccinium  myrtillus. 

WIDOW- WAIL,  Cneorum  tricoccum,  Daph- 
ne Alpina. 

WIESBADEN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF, 
see  Wisbaden. 

WIESSAU,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
These  waters  are  situate  about  four  leagues  from 
the  Convent  of  Waldsassen  in  Bavaria.  They 
contain  carbonic  acid;  carbonates  of  lime  and 
magnesia;  chlorides  of  calcium,  magnesium, 
and  aluminum;  carbonate  of  soda,  and  much 
oxide  of  iron.  The  Bavarians  consider  them 
to  resemble  the  waters  of  Pyrmont. 

WILD,  Sax.  pilo,  (D.)  Wild.  An  epithet 
given  to  the  countenance,  when  not  in  harmo- 
ny with  the  condition  of  the  individual,  and  in- 
dicating strong,  mental  emotion.  A  wild  look, 
(F.)  Physionomie  igarie. 

WILDUNGEN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Wildungen  is  situate  a  few  miles  from  Cassel 
in  Germany.  In  its  neighbourhood  are  several 
mineral  springs;  the  chief  of  which,  according 
to  Stucke,  contain  a  bituminous  matter;  chlo- 
ride of  sodium  and  sulphate  of  soda;  carbonate 
and  sulphate  of  lime,  &c.  They  are  used, 
chiefly,  as  refrigerants. 

WILLOW,  Salix— w.  Herb,  common,  Lyth- 
rum  salicaria — w.  Herb,  purple,  Lythrum  sali- 
caria — w.  Red,  Cornus  sericea — w.  Rose,  Cor- 
nus  sericea — w.  Sweet,  Myrica  gale. 

WIND,  Sax.  pine,  Ventus,  An'emos,  (F.)  Vent. 
Winds  exert  considerable  influence  on  the  ani- 
mal economy;  acting  by  their  temperature, 
which  necessarily  modifies  that  of  the  circum- 
ambient air,  as  well  as  by  their  moisture  or 
dryness,  and  by  the  emanations  of  different 
kinds,  which  they  transport  to  greater  or  less 
distances.  The  winds,  which  blow  over  a  con- 
siderable extent  of  country,  are  dry  and  serene: 
those  which  come  from  the  ocean,  are  moist 
and  chilly. 

Wind  Dropsy,  Emphysema — w.  Flower 
Anemone — w.  Pipe,  Trachea — w.  Root,  Ascle- 
pias tuberosa. 

WINDY,  Flatuhn'lus,  Flat'ulent.  (F.)  Yen- 
teux.     That  which  causes  wind  or  flatulence; 


also,  that  which  is  caused  by  wind  or  flatu- 
lence;— as  windy  food,  windy  colic,  &.c. 

WINE,  Sax.  pin,  (G.)  W  e  i  n,  originally, 
perhaps,  from  onog,  CEnos,  Vinum,  (F.)  Yin.  A 
name,  given  by  chymists  to  all  liquors  that 
have  become  spirituous  by  fermentation.  The 
term  is  generally,  however,  restricted  to  the 
fermented  juice  of  the  grape,  or  of  fruits,  the 
product  of  whose  fermentation  resembles,  in 
most  respects,  that  of  the  juice  of  the  grape. 
Wine  is  composed  of  alcohol;  saccharine  mat- 
ter; malic  acid;  tartaric  acid;  bitartrate  of 
potass;  acetic  acid;  an  extractive  colouring 
matter,  more  or  less  bitter,  and  partly  resinous; 
and  sometimes  of  an  aromatic  substance.  The 
extractive  colouring  matter  is  chiefly  met  with 
in  red  wines.  All  these  constituents,  except 
the  alcohol,  are  found  ready  formed  in  the 
grape.  The  alcohol  proceeds  from  the  decom- 
position of  the  saccharine  matter.  A  part  of  the 
acetic  acid  is  also  formed  during  fermentation. 

The  following  Table,  drawn  up  by  Mr. 
Brande,  exhibits  the  quantity  of  spirit  in  differ- 
ent kinds  of  wine  and  liquors.  It  is  proper, 
however,  to  remark,  that  many  of  these  wines 
are  prepared  for  the  London  market,  and  are 
more  brandied  or  "reinforced,"  than  the  same 
varieties  sold  in  the  United  States.  This  is 
strikingly  the  case  with  port.  Dr.  Henderson, 
too,  has  remarked,  that  some  of  the  wines  ana- 
lyzed by  Mr.  Brande,  were  mixed  with  a  con- 
siderable quantity  of  adventitious  alcohol.  Dr. 
Henderson's  additions  and  corrections  have  the 
letter  H.  affixed. 

Proportion  of  Alcohol,  s.  g.  0.825,  in  one 
hundred  parts  by  measure  of  the  follow- 
ING Wines,  and  Malt  and  Spirituous  Li- 
quors. 

1.  Lissa 26.47 

Do I 24.35 

Average,  (a)  25.41 

2.  Raisin  Wine 26.40 

Do 25.77 

Do 23.20 

Average,         25.12 

3.  Marsala 26.03 

Do 25.05 

Average,  (b)  25.09 

4.  Port— average  of  six  kinds 23.48 

Do.— highest 25.83 

Do.— lowest 21.40 

5.  Madeira 24.42 

Do 23.93 

Do.  (Sercial) 21 .45 

Do 19.24 

Average,  22.27 

6.  Currant  Wine 20.55 

7.  Sherry 19.81 

Do ]9.83 

Do 18.79 

Do 18.25 

Average,  19.17 

8.  Teneriffe 19.79 

9.  Colares 19.75 

10.  Lacryma  Christi 19.70 

11.  Conslantia — white 19.75 

red (C)  18.92 

12.  Lisbon 18.94 

13.  Malaga 18.94 

1 4.  Bucellas 18.49 

(a)  15  90  H.        (6)  18-10  II.        (C)  14.50  II. 


WINE 


803    WISBADEN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF 


15. 


16. 

17. 


18. 
19. 


20. 
21. 
22. 
23. 
24. 


25. 


32. 


Red  Madeira 
Do 


22.30 
18.40 
20.35 
18.25 


Cape  Muscat ^  / 

Cape  Madeira !!.'!!!!!!!!  .22  94 

£° .*20!50 

Do 18.11 

n  „7.  Average,  20.51 

Grape  Wine mm\ ]g|j 

Calcavella '/'    "  [  1 9  '20 

Do '.'.'.V.'.'.'.'.'.WAO 

,,._,      .  Average,  18.65 

Vidonia   ,_    .1935 

Alba  Flora **  [°]7,26 

Malaga .17.26 

White  Hermitage 17.43 

Roussillon 19.00 

Do '..'.'.'.'.  ]7. 26 

Average,  18.13 

Claret 17.11 

Do 


Do. 
Do. 


,10.32 


14.08 

12.91 

Average,  (rf)  15.10 

Malmsey  Madeira 16.40 

Lunel 15.52 

Scheraaz  15.52 

Syracuse 15.28 

Saulerne 14.22 

Burgundy 16.60 

Do 15.22 

Do 14.53 

Do 11.95 

Average,  14.57 

Hock 1 4.37 

13.00 


43. 
44. 
45. 
46. 

47. 

48. 
49. 


Do 

Do.  (old  in  cask) 

Average,  12, 

Rudesheimer  (1811) H.  10 

Do (1800) H.  12 

Average,  H.  11 

Johannisberger H.     8 

Nice 14 

Barsac 13 

Tent 13 

Champagne  (still) 13, 

Do (sparkling) 12, 

Do (red) 12 

Do 11 

Average,  12 

Red  Hermitage ..12 

Vin  de  Grave 13 

Do 12 

Average,  13, 

Frontignnc 1" 

Cote  Rotie 12 

Gooseberry  Wine H 

Orange  Wine— average 
of=six  samples  made 
by  a  London  manu- 
facturer   

Tokay  

Elder  Wine •■ 

Rhenish  Wine H 

Cider— highest  average » 

lowest 

Perry— average  of  four  samples 7. 

Mead a 

Ale  (Burton) » 

Do.  (Edinburgh) ° 

Do.  (Dorchester) ; ° 

v  Average,  6, 


(d)  12.91  H. 


50.  Brown  Stout 6.8(7 

51.  London  Porter  (average) 4.20 

Do.     Small  Beer  (average) 1.28 

52.  Brandy ' 53.39 

53.  Rum 53.68 

54.  Gin 51.60 

55.  Scotch  Whisky 54.32 

56.  Irish  do 53.90 

The  only  wine  recommended  in  some  phar- 
macopoeias, is  Sherry,  Vinum,  Vinurn  album 
Hispan'icum.  It  is  a  dry  wine  ;  the  least  varia- 
ble in  its  properties,  and  agrees  best  with  the 
dyspeptic.  Other  wines,  used  officinally  are, 
—  Canary  or  Sack  wine,  Vinum  Canari'ntim, 
Mountain  wine,  Vinum  album  mnnta'num ,-  Teni 
wine,-  Rhenish  wine,  Vinum  Rhena'num ,-  and 
Port  wine, — the  Vinum  rubrurn  Portugal' Hewn. 

The  wines,  habitually  drunk,  are  almost  in- 
numerable. Those  that  are  sweet,  or  contain  a 
large  portion  of  free,  saccharine  matter,  are 
decidedly  the  least  wholesome  to  the  dyspeptic. 

When  wine  is  good,  and  of  a  proper  age,  it 
is  tonic  and  nutritive;  when  new, flatulent  and 
cathartic,  disagreeing  with  the  stomach  and 
bowels.  In  medicine,  it  is  a  valuable  tonic  in 
the  last  stages  of  typhus,  when  the  skin  is  not 
too  hot  and  dry.  Its  use,  however,  requires 
great  caution ;  and  when  once  commenced 
under  proper  circumstances,  it  cannot  be  sud- 
denly dropped  without  mischief.  It  is,  perhaps, 
the  best  permanent  stimulus  in  the  catalogue 
of  the  materia  medica. 

Wine,  Aminjean,  Aminaeum  vinum — w.  of 
Aloes,  Vinum  aloes — w.  Antimonial,  Vinum 
antimonii  tartarizati — w.  Antiscorbutic,  Vinum 
antiscorbuticum — w.  Aromatic,  Vinum  arorna- 
ticum — w.  Bark,  compound,  Vinum  de  kina 
kini  compositum — w.  Barley,  Cerevisia — w. 
Bitter,  diuretic,  Vinum  diureticum  amarum. 

Wine  Bitters,  Vinum  gentia'neecomp.  The 
formula?  for  these  may  be  various.  The  follow- 
ing is  as  good  and  agreeable  as  any.  (Rad. 
gentian.  Bj,  cort.  aurant.  §x,  sem.  cardam.  cont. 
^iv,  cinnarn.  cort.^'w,  wine,  foreign  or  domestic, 
three  gallons  and  a  half.)    Tonic  and  stomachic, 

Wine,  Cedar,  Cedrinum  vinum — w.  Chian, 
Chium  vinum— w.  of  Colchicum,  Vinum  col- 
chici — w.  of  Colchicum  seed,  Vinum  coichici 
seminis — w.  of  Ergot,  Vinum  ergotae— w.  of 
Gentian,  compound,  Vinum  gentians  composi- 
tum—w.  of  Hellebore,  white,  Vinum  veratri — 
w.  Ipecacuanha,  Vinum  ipecacuanha? — w.  of 
Iron,  Vinum  ferri — w. Medicated,  Vinum  medi- 
cinale— w.  of  Opium,  Vinum  opii — w.  Pullet, 
Poulet,  vin  de—w.  of  Quinia,  Vinum  quiniae 
— w.  Rhubarb,  Vinum  rhej  palmati — w.  Steel, 
Vinum  ferri — w.  Tobacco,  Vinum  tabaci — \v. 
of  Wormwood,  Vinum  absinthites. 

WINTER-BARK  TREE,  Wintera  aromatica 
— w. Berry,  Virginia, Prinos — w. Berry,  whorled, 
Prinos — w.  Bloom,  Hamamelis  Virginiana — w. 
Cough,  Bronchitis,  chronic — w.  Green,  Gaul- 
theria — w.  Green,  round-leaved,  Pyrola. 

WINTERA,  see  Wintera  aromatica. 

Win'tera  Ab.om at' ic a, Drymis  Winteri,  Win- 
ter Bark  Tree.  The  Bark,  Wintera  (Ph.  IT. 
S.)  Cortex  Wintera'nus,  Cortex  Winteranus  Ma- 
gellan'icus,  Cortex  Magcllan'icus,  (F.)  Ecorce  dr. 
Winter,  Cannelle  poivree,  is  very  much  allied  in 
its  properties  to  Canella  alba,  (q.  v.) 

WISBADEN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Wisbaden  is  a  town  of  Germany,  about  G  miles 


WISMUTHUM 


804 


WORMS 


north  of  Mainz,  and  22  west  of  Frankfort.  It 
has  been  long  celebrated  for  its  hot  springs; 
and  is  much  frequented.  There  are  numerous 
cold  and  thermal  springs, — the  former  contain- 
ing sulphohydric  acid;  the  latter  being  saline 
and  acidulous.  The  temperature  of  the  hot 
springs  varies  from  117°  to  1G0°  Fahr. 

WISMUTHUM,  Bismuth. 

WOAD,  Isatis  tinctoria. 

WOLFBANE,  Veratrum  viride. 

WOLFSBANE,  Aconitum. 

WOLFSCLAW,  Lycopodium. 

WOMANHOOD,  Mulieritas. 

WOMB,  Uterus— w.  Falling  down  of  the, 
Prolapsus  uteri — w.  Grain,  Ergot — w.  Lacera- 
tion of  the,  Uterus,  rupture  of  the — w.  Tympa- 
ny of  the,  Physometra. 

WOOD,  BRAZIL,  Ccesalpinia  echinata— w. 
Elk,  Andromeda  arborea — w.  Fernambuco,  Cffi- 
salpinia  echinata — w.  Lice,  Onisci  aselli — w. 
Nicaragua,  see  Caesalpinia — w.  Peach,  see  Cav 
salpinia — w.  Pernambuco,  Cajsalpinia  echinata 
— w.  Sampfen,  Caesalpinia  sappan — w.  Sappan, 
Caesalpinia  sappan — w.  Sorrel,  Oxalis  acetosella 
— w.  Sour,  Andromeda  arborea — w.  Waxen, 
Genista  tinctoria. 

WOODBINE,  COMMON,  Lonicera  pericly- 
menum. 

WOODROOF,  SWEET-SCENTED,  Aspe- 
rula  odorata. 

WOODS,  SUDORIFIC,  (F.)  Bois  sudori- 

jiques.    This  term  is  applied,  collectively,  to  the 

guaiacuin,   sassafras,  china,  and    sarsaparilla; 

which  are  often   used  together  to  form  the  su- 

*dorific  decoction. 

WORM-BARK  TREE,  Geoffraa  inermis— 
w.  Cakes,  Story's,  see  Cakes,  worm,  Story's — 
w.  Disease,  Helminthiasis — w.  Goosefoot,  Che- 
nopodium  anthelminticum — w.  Grass,  peren- 
nial, Spigelia  Marilandica — w.  Guinea,  Dra- 
cunculus. 

Worm  Loz'ences,  Ching's.  Empirical  pre- 
parations, which  consist  of  yellow  and  brown 
lozenges.  The  former  are  directed  to  be  taken 
in  the  evening;  the  latter  on  the  following 
morning.  The  Yellow  Lozenges.  (Sajfron,  ^ss, 
water  Oj;  boil,  and  strain:  and  add  of  white  pa- 
nacea of  mercury  (calomel  washed  in  spirit  of 
wine)  Hrj,  white  sugar  28  lbs,  mucilage  of  gum 
iragacantk,  q.  s.,  to  make  a  mass.  Divide;  so 
that  each  lozenge  may  contain  a  grain  of  the  pa- 
nacea.) The  Brown  Lozenges.  {Panacea  ^vij, 
resin  of  jalap  Ibiijss,  while  sugar  Ibix,  mucilage 
of  gum  tragac.  q.  s.  Each  lozenge  to  contain 
gr.  ss  of  the  panacea.) 

Wokm  Root,  Spigelia  Marilandica — w.  Seed, 
Artemisia  santonica,  Chenopodium  anthelmin- 
ticum— w.  Seed  goosefoot,  Chenopodium  an- 
thelminticum—  w.  Weed,  Corsican,  Corallina 
Corsicana,  Polanisia  graveolens  —  w.  Weed, 
white,  Corallina — w.  Wood,  common,  Artemi- 
sia absinthium — w.  Wood,  creeping,  Artemisia 
rupestris— w.  Wood,  lesser,  Artemisia  Pontica 
— w.  Wood,  Roman,  Artemisia  Pontica — w. 
Wood,  sea,  Artemisia  maritima — w.  Wood, 
silky,  Artemisia  glacialis. 

WORMIA'NA  OSSA,  Ossa  epacfa'lia,  Ossa 
triq'uctra,  Ossa  triangula'ria  Bla'sii,  Cloves  cal- 
va'ria.  (F.)  Os  Wormiens,  Clefs  du  crane,  Os 
c'pachiux,  Os  surnumeraires,  (Oh.)  Os  intcrcales, 
Os  triangulares.  Small  bones,  which  are  some- 
times observable  in  the  sutures  of  the  bones  of 
the  cranium,  of  which  they  form  a  part.    They 


were  called  JVormiana,  from  Olaus  Wormius, 
who  is  said  to  have  first  described  them.  They 
had  been  previously,  however,  mentioned  by 
G.  Andernach,  a  physician  at  Strasburg.  The 
ossa  Wormiana  exist  more  commonly  in  the 
sutures  of  the  vault  of  the  skull;  especially 
in  the  lambdoidal,  sagittal,  and  squamous. 
They  are  uncommon  at  the  base  of  the  skull. 
Their  size  is  very  variable,  and  shape  irregular. 
Their  structure  and  development  are  similar 
to  those  of  the  other  bones  of  the  cranium; 
and,  like  them,  they  are  bounded  by  sutures. 

WORMS,  originally  from(L.)  Vermes,  Intes'- 
tinal  Worms,  Entozo'a,  Entozoa'ria,  Enterozo'u, 
Endozo'a,  Vermes  i?itesli'ni,  Entelminth'  a,Enthel- 
min'thes,  Helmin'thi,  Helminlh'ia  Jllci,  and  H. 
Pod'icis,  (F.)  Vers,  Vers  intestinaux,  Entozoaires. 
Animals,  whose  common  character  is  that  of 
existing  only  in  other  animals  ;  hence  their 
name  entozoa,  from  tvxos,  'within,'  and  twor, 
'animal.'  They  are  met  with,  not  only  in  the 
natural  cavities,  but  even  in  the  tissue  of 
the  organs.  Cuvier,  Rudolphi,  Brera,  Brem- 
ser,  Laennec,  and  others  have  endeavoured 
to  classify  them, — some  according  to  their  shape; 
others,  according  to  their  anatomical  characters. 

The  following  table  exhibits  the  entozoa, 
which  have  been  met  with  in  the  human  body, 
and  their  usual  habitat. 


Entozoa. 
Trichocephalus  dispar,  ") 
Oxyuris  vermicularis,  | 
Ascaris  lumbricoides,  ! 
Bothriocephalus  latus,  j 
Taenia  solium, 
Ditrachyceras  rudis,  J 
Diplosoma  crenata,  } 

Spiroptera  hominis,  > 

Dactylitis  aculeatus,         ) 
Distoma  hepaticum, 
Strongylus  gigas, 
Filaria  oculi, 
Acephalocystis  endogena, 

Echinococcus  hominis,    ? 

Polystoma  pinguicola, 
Filaria  bronchialis, 
Trichina  spiralis,  ) 

Cysticercus  cellulosae,  ) 
Acephalocystis  multifida, 
Filaria  medinensis, 


Where  Found. 


Intestines. 


Urinary  Bladder. 

Gall  bladder. 

Kidney. 

Eye. 

Liver. 

Liver,  Spleen,  and 

Omentum. 
Ovary. 
Bronchial  glands. 

Muscles. 

Brain. 

Cellular  texture. 

The  most  common  of  these  are; — the  Ox- 
yures  vermiculares,  Ascarides  lumbricoides, 
and  Taenia,  which  are  found  in  the  intestines. 
The  origin  of  these  worms  is  extremely  singu- 
lar and  more  favourable  than  any  other  fact  to 
the  hypothesis  of  spontaneous  generation  in 
the  lowest  tribes  of  animated  nature.  They 
certainly  do  not  resemble  any  worms  out  of 
the  body.  They  are  most  commonly  met  with 
in  children  improperly  fed;  but  their  presence 
cannot  be  positively  detected  by  any  symptom, 
except  that  of  the  discharge  of  the  worms 
themselves  in  the  evacuations.  They  may,  of 
course,  give  rise  to  every  kind  of  irritation  in 
the  intestinal  tube,  and  to  sympathetic  distur- 
bance in  most  of  the  other  functions;  but  all 
these  signs  may  be  produced  by  intestinal  irri- 
tation resulting  from  other  causes. 

Anthelmintics  or  vermifuges,  employed,  as  the 
name  imports,  for  their  removal,  may  be  of  two 


WORT 


805 


XIPHOID  LIGAMENT 


kinds— mechanical,  and  true.  To  the  first  class 
--the  mechanical—  belong  Emetics,  Purgatives, 
Mucuna,  powdered  Tin,  &c.  To  the  latter— the 
true  anthelmintics —Turpentine,  Chenopodium 
Mthelminticum,  Pink-rout,  Semina  Santonici, 
&c.  Of  these  the  best  is  turpentine.  See  Oleum 
Terebinthinae.  The  great  object,  however,  is  to 
prevent  their  generation.  This  must  be  done 
by  generous  diet,  fresh  air,  and  tonics  where 
necessary. 

WORT,  Sax.  pype,  Mustum,  Jnfu'sum  Bynes 
seu  Bra'su  seu  Malti,  (F.)  Moid  de  la  Riere.  An 
infusion  of  malt.  This  has  been  recommended 
in  scurvy.  One  measure  of  ground  malt  is 
added  to  three  equal  measures  of  boiling  water. 
The  mixture  must  be  well  stirred,  and  left  to 
stand  covered  three  or  four  hours.  Dose,  one 
to  four  pints,  daily.  It  has,  also,  been  recom- 
mended in  other  cases,  where  a  strong  putre- 
scent disposition  appeared  to  prevail  in  the 
fluids,  as  in  cancerous  and  phagedenic  ulcers. 
It  is  not  now  employed. 

WOUND,  Sax.  pun»,  Vulnus,  Plaga,  Trau- 
ma, Tresis,  Tresis  Vulnus,  Blabe,  Tymma,  (F.) 
Plaie,  Blessure.  A  solution  of  continuity  in 
the  soft  parts,  produced  by  some  mechanical 
agent.     Wounds    present   innumerable   differ- 


ences, as  regards  their  situation;  the  parts  in- 
terested; their  direction;  size;  6hape ;  the  na- 
ture of  the  instrument  or  agent  by  which  they 
are  produced;  their  more  or  less  simple  or 
complex  character,  duration,  &c.  A  wound  is 
called  incised,  (F.)  Coupure,  Incision,  when 
made  by  a  cutting  instrument; — punctured,  (F.) 
Pir/ure,  when  made  by  a  pointed  instrument;  — 
lacerated,  (F.)  Dtchirure,  Plaie  par  arrachement, 
when  the  parts  are  lacerated  or  torn  by  the 
wounding  body  ;  poisoned,  Cellulitis  zenena'la, 
Necusia,  (F.)  Plaie  envenimie,  when  some  viru- 
lent or  venomous  substance  has  been  intro- 
duced;— and  contused,  (F.)  Plaie  contuse,  when 
produced  by  a  blunt  body.  Gunshot  wounds, 
Sclopetopla'gse,  (F.)  Plaies  d'armes  a  feu  ou  d'ar- 
quehusade,  Coup  defeu.  belono-  to  the  last  division. 

WRACK,  BLADDER,  YELLOW,  Fucus 
vesiculosus — w.  Sea,  Fucus  vesiculosus. 

WRENCH,  Sprain. 

WRINKLE,  Sax.  pjuncle,  Ruga,  Rytis,  (F.) 
Ride.  A  furrow  or  fold  in  the  skin  of  the  face, 
forehead,  vagina,  &c. 

WRIST,  Carpus. 

WRIST-DROP.  Paralysis  of  the  muscles 
of  the  forearm,  induced  by  the  poison  of  lead. 

WRONG  HEIR,  Cancellus. 


X. 


XALAPPA,  Convolvulus  jalapa. 

XAN'THIUM,  X.  struma'rium,  Barda'na 
minor,  Lappa  minor,  Lesser  Burdock,  Bunceed, 
Burthistle,  Clothurr,  (F.)  Lampourde,  Petit  Glou- 
teron,  Petite  Bardane.  This  herb,  as  one  of 
its  names  imports,  was  once  esteemed  for  the 
cure  of  scrofula.  The  seeds  have  been  admi- 
nistered in  cutaneous  affections. 

XANTHOPSIA,  from  tav&os,  'yellow,' and 
01//!?,  'vision.'  Yellow  vision, — as  sometimes 
occurs  in  jaundice. 

XANTHORRHIZA,  Xanthorrhiza  apiifolia. 

Xanthorrhi'za  Apiifolia,  Xanthorrhiza, X. 
simplicis' sima,  X.  Marbois'ca,  Zanthorrhiza  tine- 
to'ria,  Yellow  Root,  Parsley-leaved  Yellow  Root 
or  Yellow  wort,  Shrub  yellow  root.  The  root  of 
this  American  plant — Xanthorrhiza,  (Ph.  U.S.) 
is  a  strong  and  pleasant  bitter;  and,  in  the  dose 
of  two  scruples,  sits  easy  upon  the  stomach. 

XANTHOS,  Yellow. 

XANTHOX'YLUM  CLAVA  HER'CULIS, 
Prickly  Ash,  Toothache  Tree,  (F.)  Clavalier  a 
feuilles  de  frene,  Frene  e'pineux.  The  bark— 
Xanthoxylum,  (Ph.  U.  S.)— is  a  very  strong  sti- 
mulant and  powerful  sialogogue.  It  has  been 
given,  internally,  in  rheumatism.  Another  spe- 
cies— Xanthoxylum  fraxinifo' Hum,  Xanthoxylum 
fraxin'eum,  Shrubby  prickly  ash,  Toothache  bush, 


ighly 


lent  colic.  The  fresh  juice,  expressedfrom  he 
roots  of  the  xanthoxylum,  is .said  to  afford  relief 
in  the  dry-bellyache  of  the  West  Indies.  A  de- 
coction of  the  bark  is  sometimes  used  as  a  wash 
to  foul  ulcers. 

XANTICA,  Carminatives. 

VENTOLIN  A,  Artemisia  santonica. 

XERANSIS,  Aiefaction,  Drying. 

XERANTIA,  Siccantia. 


XERA'SIA.  Same  etymon,  from  l^o?,' dry.' 
A  disease  of  the  hairs,  which  become  dry,  cease 
to  grow,  and  resemble  down  covered  with  dust. 
—  Galen. 

XERION,  Catapasma. 

XEROCOLLYR'IUM,  frorrr  tyog,  'dry,'  and 
xokXovQiov,  'a  collyrium;'  Colty'rium siccum.  A 
dry  collyrium. 

XEROMYCTE'RIA,  from  g^o?,  'dry,' and 
fcv*Tr,Q, '  the  nose.'     Dryness  of  the  nose. 

XEROM'YRON,  Unguen'tum  siccum,-  from 
%rtoog,  'dry,'  and  /avoov,  'an  ointment.'  A  dry 
ointment. — Gorroeus. 

XEROPHA'GIA.fromt^of/dry,'  and  (payee, 
'leat.'  Excessive  use  of  dry  aliment.  A  kind 
of  regimen  to  which  the  ancient  athlete  sub- 
jected themselves,  with  the  view  of  increasing 
their  strength. 

XEROPHTHALMIA,  Ophlhal'mia  sicca; 
from  tjjjpo?, '  dry,'  and  ocpdaljuta,  'inflammation 
of  the  eye.'  A  dry  inflammation  of  the  eye, 
without  discharge.     Also,  Lippitudo,  (q.  v.) 

XEROTR1BIA,  see  Friction. 

XIPHODYMUS,  Thoraco-gastrodidymus. 

XIPHOID,  Xipho'i'des,  Ensifor'mis,  from 
$iipos,  'a  sword,'  and  tidoc,  'shape;'  Carti- 
la' go  Xyphoidts,  C.  Xipho'idea,  C.  Ensiformis, 
En'siform  cartilage,  Furcel'la  infe'rior,  Mucro- 
na'tumos,Mucrona'ta  Cartila'go,  Chondros,  (F.; 
Jlppendice  ou  cartilage  xipho'ide,  C.  Mucrone, 
Appendice  sous-slcrnale,  Palette.  The  name  of 
the  appendix  which  terminates  the  sternum 
beneath  ;  and  which  is  so  called  from  some  re- 
semblance to  a  sword. 

Xiphoid  Lig'ament,  Costo-xiphoid  L,  (F.) 
Ligament  xipho'idien  ou  costo-xiphoid ten,  is  a 
small,  very  thin,  ligamentous  fasciculus,  which 
passes  from  the  cartilage  of  prolongation  of 
the  7th  rib  to  the  anterior  surface  of  the  xiphoid 
cartilage,  into  which  it  is  inserted  by  its  fibres 


XIPH0PAGE3 


soc 


ZELOTYPIA 


decussating  with  those  of  the  opposite  ligament. 

XIPHOF'AGES,  Did'ymus  Symphijoepigas'- 
trius;  from  lupog,  'a  sword,'  and  ntjyvvftt,  'I 
fix.'  A  monstrosity,  in  which  twins  are  united 
by  the  epigastrium,  as  in  the  case  of  the  Siamese 
Twins. 

XYLO-ALOES,Agallochum— x.Bak-amum, 


see  Amyris   opobalsamum — x.  Cassia,  Eaurus 
cassia — x.Cinnamomum,  Lauruscinnamomuni. 

XYRIS,  Iris  foetidissima. 

XYSMA.  Rasura,  Scobs. 

XYSMOS.  Rasura. 

XYSTERA,  Raspatorium. 

XYSTOS,  Linteum. 


Y. 


YAM.  This  esculent  root  is  principally  ob- 
tained from  three  species  of  Diosco'rea, — the 
ala'la,  bulbif'era,  and  sati'va.  They  grow  spon- 
taneously in  both  the  Indies,  and  their  roots  are 
eaten  promiscuously ,  as  the  potato  is  with  us. 
Their  taste  is  somewhat  like  the  potato. 

YARD,  Penis. 

YARROW,  COMMON,  Achillea  millefolium. 

YAU  PON,  Ilex  vomitoria. 

YAWNING,  from  Sax.  seonan,  Cliasme,  Chas- 
mos,  Hiu'tus,  Oscita'tio,  Clonus  pandicula'tio 
maxilla' rum,  Gaping,  (F.)  Bafflement*  Yawn- 
ing consists  of  a  deep  inspiration,  with  consi- 
derable separation  of  the  jaws,  executed  slowly 
and  in  an  involuntary  manner,  and  followed  by 
a  prolonged  and  more  or  less  sonorous  expira- 
tion. This  respiratory  movement  is  preceded 
by  a  feeling  of  oppression  in  the  epigastric  re- 
gion, and  in  the  muscles  of  respiration  and 
mastication.  Yawning  has  been  conceived  to 
be  owing  to  torpor  in  the  pulmonary  circulation  ; 
the  causes  producing  it  being  commonly  ennui, 
fatigue,  sleepiness,  monotonous  sounds,  hunger, 
sympathy,  &c.  Yawning  often  precedes  the 
invasion  of  certain  intermittents,  attacks  of 
hysteria,  &cM  and  it  may,  by  its  frequency,  and 
obstinnov.  become  a  true  disease. 

YAWROOT,  Stillingia. 

YAWS,  Frambcesia. 

YEAST.  Yest. 

YELLOW,  Flaws,  Lu'teus,  Xanthos,  from 
past  participle  of  Sax.  seaslan,  'to  burn.'  One 
of  the  seven  primitive  colours. 

Yellow  Ash,  Cladrastis  tinctoria. 

Yellow  Bf.rhv,  Podophyllum  montanum. 

Ykllow  Ligaments,  (F.)  Ligamens  jaunes, 
occupy  the  spaces  between  the  vertebral plates 
(q.  v.,)  from  the  interval,  which  separates  the 
second  vertebra  from  the  third,  to  that  which 
separates  the  last  vertebra  from  the  sacrum. 


They  are  so  called,  in  consequence  of  their 
colour. 

Yellow  Paint,  Hydrastis  Canadensis. 

Yellow  Root,  Jefiersonia  Bartoni. 

Yellow  Root,  Parsley  Leaved,  Xanthor- 
rhiza  apiifolia. 

Yellow  R.oot,  Shrub,  Xanthorrhizaapiifolia. 

Yellowt  Star,  Helenium  autumnale. 

Yellow  Weed,  Ranunculus  acris. 

Yellow  Wood,  Xanthoxylum  fraxineum. 

Yellow  Wort,  Parsley  Leaved,  Xan- 
thorrhiza  apiifolia. 

YELLOWS,  Cypripedium  luteum,  Icterus, 
Ranunculus  acris. 

YERBJ  DEL  SOLDJDJ,  Matico. 

YEST,  Yeast, Sax.  jer^,  from  j-rt,  'a  storm,' 
yr-tis,  'stormy;'  Cerevis'ias  Fer  men' turn,  Spnma 
Uerevisiae,  Barm,  (F.)  Levure,  Levuredc  la  Biere. 
\  The  scum,  which  collects  on  the  surface  of  beer 
whilst  fermenting.  Yest  is  antiseptic  and  tonic. 
It  has  been  much  extolled  in  putrid  fevers, — a 
table  spoonful  being  given  as  a  dose,  in  porter, 
wine,  &c.  It  is,  also,  applied,  in  the  form  of 
cataplasm,  to  foul  ulcers.  In  all  these  cases,  it 
acts  bv  virtue  of  the  generation  of  carbonic  acid  gas. 

YEUX  ARDEJVS,  Ardent  eyes— y.  d'Ecre- 
visse,  Cancrorum  chelae. 

YEW  TREE,  Taxus  baccata. 

YLECH,  Ilech. 

YLIATER,  Ilech. 

YOLK  OF  EGG,  see  Ovum. 

YOUTH,  Adolescence. 

YOPON,  Ilex  vomitoria. 

YPSELOGLOSSUS.  Basio^lossus. 

YRIDES,  Orpiment. 

YSAM'BRA,  Pedigam'bra.  An  ancient  Spa- 
nish poison,  of  which  hellebore  formed  the 
gieatest  part. 

YUCCA,  Jatropha  manihot. 

Y-WER-A,  see  Spirit. 


ZACCHARUM,  Saccharom. 

ZAEL.  Borosail. 

ZAbFRAN,  Crocus. 

ZAM1A  INTEGR1FOLIA,  see  Arrowroot— 
z.  Pumila,  see  Arrowroot. 

ZANNA.  A  kind  of  Armenian  bole,  used  by 
the  ancients  as  a  desiccative.  It  was  also  called 
Zarinit  ha . 

ZANTHORRHIZA  APIIFOLIA,  Xanthor- 
rhiza  npiifolia. 

ZANTHOXYLUM  CLAVA  HERCULIS, 
Xanthoxylum  qlava  Hercnlis. 

ZAPAINIA  NODIFLORA,  Anacoluppa. 

ZARNACHA,  Zanna. 

ZARSA.  Suiilax  sarsaparilla. 

ZARZAPARILLA,  Smilax  sarsaparilla. 


ZEA  MAYS,  Indian  Corn,  Corn.  Turkey 
Wheat,  Maize.,  Mor,  Indian  Wheat,  (F.)  M>:is, 
Grairu  de  Turquie,  Bid  d  hide,  Bid  d  Espugne, 
Bid  d'llalier  Bid  de  Turquie.  A  native  of  Ame- 
rica, and  much  used  over  the  whole  of  the  con- 
tinent, as  an  article  of  diet.  It  is  ground  for  the 
same  purposes  as  wheat,  and  forms  an  excellent 
bread. 

ZEDOARIA,  Ksempferia  rotunda — z.  Longa, 
see  Kocinpferia — z.  Rotunda,  see  Ktsmpferia, 

ZEDOAIRE  BOND,  Ksempferia  rotunda. 

ZEDOARY,  Ksempferia  rotunda. 

ZELOSIS,  Zelotypia. 

ZELOTYP'IA,  from  u^s.'Iove,'  and  tutioc, 
'form,'  'model;'  Zelo'sis.  It  has  been  proposed 
to  apply  this  name  to  the  violent  mental  affec- 


ZEMA 


807 


ZINCUM  BORUSSICUM 


lion  produced  by  the  acknowledged  or  pre- 
sumed infidelity  of  a  beloved  object:  and  to  the 
consequences  of  such  affection ;-melancholy, 
mania,  &c.  •" 

ZEMA,  Decoction. 

ZEN'ICON,  Lsv.x.r.  Ancient  name  of  a 
Keltic  poison,  used  for  poisonino-  arrows 

ZEPHACH,  Peritoneum.       S 

ZERMA,  Zerna. 

ZERNA,  Zerma.  Amongst  the  barbarous 
Latin  writers  it  signified  ulcerated  impetigo, 
Impetigo  vlcera'ta. 

ZER'UMBET,  Cassumuniar. 

ZES1S,  Effervescence. 

ZEST,  see  Citrus  medica. 

Z1BETHUM,  Civetta. 

ZIGNITES.  Zingrites. 

ZINC,  Zineum,  Zinkum,  Spellrum,  Tutenag, 
Zinchum,  Zint,  Stannum  In'dicum.  Perhaps 
formed  etymologicnlly  from  (G.)  Z  i  n,  'Tin.' 
A  metal  obtained  from  calamine  and  blende. 
Its  colour  is  bluish- white;  lustre  of  the  fresh 
surface  considerable,  but  soon  dulled,  from  the 
facility  with  which  it  oxidates;  hard;  texture 
striated.  S.'  G.  7.190.  Melts  at  700°  Fah.; 
burns  with  a  bright  flame  in  a  higher  tempera- 
ture, and  is  volatilized  in  the  form  of  a  white, 
flocculent  oxyd.  Its  use,  in  medicine,  is  in  the 
formation  of  the  following  preparations. 

Zixc,  Butter  of,  Zinci  chloridum — z.  Chlo- 
ride of,  Zinci  chloridum — z.  Ferrohydrocya- 
nate  of,  Zinci  cyanuretuin — z.  Flowers  of,  Zinci 
oxydum — z.  Iodide  of,  see  Iodine — z.  Hydro- 
cyanate  of,  Zinci  cyanuretum — z.  Oxyd  of, 
Zinci  oxydum—  z.  Sulphate  of,  Zinci  Sulphas — 
z.  Valerianate  of,  Zinci  Valerianas. 

ZINCHUM.  Zineum. 

ZINCI  ACETAS,  Ac" elate  of  Zinc.  (Ptutnbi 
occMbj,  zinc,  grunul.  ^ix,  aqvas  destillut.  Oiij. 
Dissolve  the  acetate  of  lead  in  the  water,  and 
filter.  Add  the  zinc  to  the  solution,  and  agitate 
them  occasionally  together,  in  a  stopped  bottle, 
for  five  or  six  hours,  or  until  the  liquid  yields 
no  precipitate,  with  a  solution  of  iodide  of  po- 
tassium. Filter  the  liquor,  evaporate  it  with  a 
moderate  heat  to  one  fifth,  and  set  it  aside  to 
crystallize.  Pour  off  the  liquid,  and  dry  the 
crystals  on  bibulous  paper. 

Should  the  crystals  be  coloured,  dissolve  them 
in  distilled  water,  and  having  heated  the  solu- 
tion, drop  into  it,  while  hot,  a  filtered  solution 
of  chlorinated  lime,  until  it  ceases  to  let  fall 
sesquioxide  of  iron:  filter  the  liquor,  acidulate 
it  with  a  few  drops  of  acetic  acid,  evaporate, 
and  crystallize. — Ph.  U.  S.) 

Frequently  used  as  a  gently  astringent  wash 
in  ophthalmia,  and  other  local  inflammations; 
and  as  an  injection  in  gonorrhoea. 

Zinci  CahbonasImpurus,  Calamina— z.Car- 
bonas  prceparatus,  Calamina  praparata. 

Zinci  Chlo'riucm,  Z.  chlorure'tum,  Zineum 
chlora'tum,  Z.  muriat'icum  {ox y datum,)  Chloride 
or  Chloruret  of  Zinc.  (Zinc,  in  frustulis,  g.jss, 
acid,  nitric,  cretx  prxparat.  aa  ffl,  acid,  muriat. 
q.s.  To  the  zinc,  in  a  porcelain  vessel,  add 
gradually  sufficient  muriatic  acid  to  dissolve  it; 
strain  add  the  nitric  acid,  and  evaporate  to  dry- 
ness '  Dissolve  the  dry  mass  in  water  add  the 
chalk  allow  the  mixture  to  stand  for  24  hours. 
filter.'and  again  evaporate  to  dryness.-^.  U. 
SA |  It  is  very  deliquescent  in  the  air,  forming 
[u'eButurof'Zmc,  Bulif  rum  Zinci. 

Chloride  of  Zinc  is  a  powerful  escharotic. 


Zinci  Chloruhetum,  Z.  chloridum. 
Zinci  Cvanuhk'tum,  Hydrocy'anuS  Zinci7 
Zineum  Cijanogena' turn,  Z.  Bonis' sicum,  Z 
Zooticum,  Hydrocy'anate  of  Zinc.  This  salt  is 
formed  by  adding  sulphate  of  zinc  to  hydrocy- 
anate  of  potassa  so  long  as  any  precipitate  is 
thrown  down.  When  dried  and  calcined  at  a 
low  heat,  the  product  is  a  mixture  of  cyanuret 
of  zinc  and  of  potassium.  It  iias  been  recom- 
mended in  nervous  cardialgia.  Dose,  from  one- 
sixteenth  to  one-twelfth  of  a  grain. 

It  is  chiefly  used  as  a  caustic  ;  one  part  of  the 
chloride  being  mixed  with  4,  3  or  2  parts  of 
flour,  according  to  the  desired  strength,  and  a 
few  diops  of  water  being  added  to  form  a  paste. 

Zinci  Feruohydkocy'anas,  Cyanurc'tum 
Fcrrozin'cicum,  Zineum  Ferrohydrocyan'icum, 
Ferrohydrocyaiiale  of  Zinc.  Made  by  the  mu- 
tual decomposition  of  boiling  hot  solutions  of 
sulphate  of  zinc  and  ferrocyanate  of  potassa. 
It  has  been  recommended  in  the  same  cases  as 
the  last  preparation. 

Zinci  Hvduoctanas,  Zinci  cyanuretum. 

Zinct  Ox'ydum,  Zineum.  calcina'tum,  Oxyd  of 
Zinc,  Flowers  of  Zinc,  Nihil  album,  Luna  Phi- 
losophu'rum,  Nihil  gris'eum,  Pom'pholyx.  Pro- 
cured by  burning  zinc  in  a  long,  deep  crucible, 
placed  so  as  to  collect  the  sublimate.  Also,  in 
the  following  manner:— Zinci  sulph.  1bj.,ammon. 
carbon.  Jsjvjss,  aqux  destillut.  cong.  iij.  Dissolve 
the  sulphate  of  zinc  and  carbonate  of  ammonia 
separately  in  twelve  pints  of  the  distilled  water; 
strain  the  solutions,  and  mix  them.  Wash  the 
precipitate  frequently  with  water,  and  expose 
it  to  a  stiong  heat,  so  as  to  drive  off  the  carbo- 
nic acid. —  Ph.  U.S.  It  is  tonic  and  antispasmo- 
dic; externally,  detergent  and  desiccative.  Em- 
ployed in  epilepsy,  chorea,  &c.  For  its  external 
use,  see  Ung.  Zinci. 

Zinci  Oxydum  Impuiium,  Tutia. 

Zinci  Sulphas,  Sulphate  of  Zinc,  Zineum 
Yitriola'tum,  Vilrio'lum  album,  White  Vitriol,  V, 
Gos/arien's€,  V.  Zinci,  Sulphas  Zin'cicum,  Gilla 
Vitrioli,  Gilla  Thcopluus'ti,  Sal  vomito'rium 
vitrioli,  Chalcart'lhum  album,  White  Copperas, 
Sal  Vitrioli.  (Zinc,  in  frustul.  giv,  acid,  sul- 
phuric. §vj,  aqux  destillut  Oiv.  To  the  zinc 
and  water,  previously  introduced  into  a  glass 
vessel,  add  by  degrees  the  sulphuric  acid,  and, 
when  the  effervescence  shall  have  ceased,  filter 
the  solution  through  paper;  then  boil  it  down 
till  a  pellicle  begins  to  form,  and  set  aside  to 
crystallize. — Ph.  U.  S.)  The  sulphate  of  zinc 
is  inodorous;  taste,  styptic  :  it  is  in  white,  semi- 
transparent,  efflorescent  crystals;  soluble  in 
three  parts  of  water  at  60°.  It  is  emetic,  tonic, 
antispasmodic,  and,  externally,  astringent.  A 
nostrum,  sold  under  the  name — Hnlipertus'sis, 
and,  asits  title  imports,  given  in  hooping  cough, 
contains  this  salt  as  its  chief  ingredient.  It  is 
emetic.  Dose,  as  an  emetic,  gr.  x  to  gss;  as  a 
tonic,  gr.  j  to  ij.  Used  externally  as  a  colly  rium, 
gr.  j  to  water  f  §j- 

ZINCI  VALERIANAS,  Valerianate  of  Zinc. 
A  salt  formed  by  saturating  valerianic  acid  with 
freshly  prepared  carbonate  of  zinc  It  is  in  pure 
white,  pearly  scales,  and  has  been  recommend- 
ed as  a  tonic  in  neuralgic  diseases,  epilepsy,  &c  . 
The  dose  is  one  or  I  wo  grains  several  times  a  day. 

ZINCUM  BORUSSICUM,  Zinci  cyanure- 
tum— z.  Calcinatum,  Zinci  oxydum — z.  Chlora- 
turn,  Zinci  chloridum — z.Cyanogenatum,  Zinci 
cyanuretum — z.    Ferrohydrocyanicum,    Zinci 


ZINGIBER 


808 


ZYTHOS 


ferrohydrocyanas— z.  Iodatum,  see  Iodine— z. 
Muriaticum,  Zinci  chloridum— z.  Vitriolatum, 
Zinci  sulphas— z.  Zooticum,Zinci  cyanuretum. 

ZINGIBER,  Amomum  zingiber — z.  Cassu- 
muniar, see  Cassumuniar  —  z.  Germanicum, 
Arum  rnaculatum—z.  Officinale,  Amomum  zin- 
giber— z.  Zerumbet,  see  Cassumuniar. 

ZINGRITES,  Zigni'tes.  A  stone,  resem- 
bling glass;  to  which  the  ancients  attributed 
marvellous  properties. 

ZINKUM,  Zincum. 

ZINT,  Zincum. 

ZINZIBER,  Amomum  zingiber. 

ZIPHAC,  Peritonamm. 

ZIZA'NIA  AQUATIC  A,  Wild  Rice,-  called 
by  the  Indians,  Menomcnc,  grows  abundantly 
on  the  marshy  margins  of  the  northern  lakes, 
and  waters  of  the  upper  branches  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi. The  grain  resembles  oats.  It  furnishes 
the  northern  savages,  and  the  Canadian  traders 
and  hunters  with  their  annual  supplies  of  grain. 

ZIzIPHUM,  Jujube. 

ZOANTHROTIA,  from  towv,  'an  animal,' 
and  uvdQunzoi,  'a  man.'  A  species  of  mono- 
mania, in  which  the  patient  believes  himself 
transformed  into  an  animal.  Lycanthropia  and 
cy  nan  thropia  belong  to  this  species  of  monomania. 

ZOARA,  Insomnia. 

ZOE,  Life. 

ZOMOS.  Consomme,  Jus. 

ZONA,  Herpes  zoster — z.  Castitatis,  Hymen 
— z.  Ignea,  Herpes  zoster. 

Zona  Pellu'cida.  The  membrane  that  sur- 
rounds the  yolk  in  the  mammalia  is  so  called 
on  account  of  its  thickness,  and  peculiar  trans- 
parency. 

Zona  Serpiginosa,  Herpes  zoster — z.  Vir- 
ginitatis,  Hymen. 

Zona  Tendino'sa.  The  whitish  circle  around 
the  aurieulo-ventricular  orifice  of  the  right  side 
of  the  heart. 

ZONE,  Cingulum. 

ZONULA  CILIARIS,  see  Ciliary,  and  Ci- 
liary zone — z.  Hildani,  Cingulum  flildani — z. 
Zinnii  see  Ciliary. 

ZOOCMEM'ICAL,  Zoochym'ical,  Zoochem'- 
kus  seu  Zoochym'icus.  Appertaining  or  having 
relation  to  animal  chemistry. 

ZOOCHEMY,  Chymistry,  animal. 

ZOOCHYMY,  Chymistry,  animal. 

ZOOG'EN  Y,  Zoogcn'ia,  from  ttaov, '  animal,' 
and  yti  £*•(?, '  generation.'  The  doctrine  of  ani- 
mal formation. 

ZOOGENIUM.  Azote. 

ZOOHEMAT1NE,  Hsematine. 

ZOOMAGNETISMUS,  Magnetism,  animal. 

ZOON,  Animal. 

ZOONOM'IA,from  J>ov, 'animal/  and  vo/j.o?, 
'  law.'  The  laws  which  govern  the  organic 
actions  of  animals  in  general : — Animal  Physio- 
to  <ry,  Zooph  usioktg  "  in . 

ZOOPHYSIOLOGIA,  Zoonomia. 

ZO'OPHYTE,  Zoophytum,  Phytozbon,  Ani- 
mal plant,  from  twov,  'animal,'  and  cpvrov, 
'  plant.'  A  name  given  to  the  lowest  class  of 
animals,  which  seem  to  form  the  transition  be- 
tween the  animal  and  the  vegetable  kingdoms. 

ZOOSIS,  Animation. 

ZOOSPERMES,  Spermatozoa. 

ZOOTOMY,  Zootom'ia,  from  twov,| '  an  ani- 
mal,' and  Tf/zrw,  'I  cut.'     Theriol'omy,  Ana- 


tom'ia  compara'ta,  Comparative  Anatomy.  The 
anatomy  of  animals. 

ZOPYRON,  Fomites. 

ZOSTER,  Herpes  zoster. 

ZOSTER  A  MARINA,  Pila  marina. 

ZOZAR,  Saccharum. 

ZUCARO,  Saccharum. 

ZUCHAR,  Saccharum. 

ZUCHARUM,  Saccharum. 

ZUCHRA,  Saccharum. 

ZULAPHJM,  Julep. 

ZYGOMA,  Make  os. 

ZYGOMATIC,  Zygomat'icus.  That  which 
relates  to  the  zygoma  or  cheek  bone. 

Zygomatic  Fossa  is  the  space  included  be- 
tween the  posterior  margin  of  the  outer  ala  of 
the  pterygoid  process,  and  the  crista  which  de- 
scends from  the  malar  tuberosity  to  the  superior 
alveolar  margin. 

Zygomatic  Muscles  are  two  in  number. 
1.  Zygomat'icus  major,  Zygomuto-labial,  (Ch.,) 
Distort' or  Oris,  (F.)  Muscle  grand  zygornatique, 
which  is  situate  obliquely  at  the  fore  part  and 
sides  of  the  face.  It  is  a  small,  rounded  mus- 
cle; arises  from  the  outer  surface  of  the  os 
mala?,  and  is  inserted  at  the  commissure  of  the 
lips,  which  it  raises  and  draws  outwards.  It 
acts  principally  in  laughing.  2.  Zygomat'- 
icus minor,  Petit  Zygomato-labial,  (Ch.,)  (F.) 
Petit  Zygornatique,  does  not  always  exist.  It  is 
situate  on  the  inner  side  of  the  last ;  arises  from 
the  outer  surface  of  the  os  mala?,  and  is  inserted 
at  the  corner  of  the  mouth,  or  rather  into  the 
upper  lip,  which  it  raises  and  draws  outwards. 

Zygomatic  Process,  Malar  process,  Jugal 
process,  arises  from  the  outer  surface  of  the 
temporal  bone  by  two  roots,  one  of  which  is 
transverse,  {Condyle  du  temporal,  Ch.,)  and  the 
other  longitudinal:  between  them  is  the  gle- 
noid cavity.  The  process  passes  forwards,  and 
is  articulated  with  the  posterior  angle  of  the  os 
mala?,  with  which  it  forms  a  bony  bridge,  called 
the  Zygomatic  arch,  Pars  zygomat'icus,  (F.) 
Arcade  Zygornatique.  The  cavity,  beneath  this 
bridge,  is  sometimes  called  Zygoma. 

Zygomatic  Suture  is  placed  between  the 
zygomatic  parts  of  the  temporal  and  cheek 
bones;  and  slants  obliquely  downwards  and 
backwards. 

ZYGOMATIQUE  GRAND,  Zygomaticus 
major — z.  Petit,  Zygomaticus  minor. 

ZYGOMATO-LABIAL,  Zygomaticus  major 
—2.  Labial,  petit,  Zygomaticus  major — z.Max- 
illaire,  Masseter — z.  Oriculaire,  Anterior  auris. 

ZYGOPHYL'LUM  FAGABO,  (F.)  Faba- 
gelle.  A  Syrian  and  Mauritanic  plant,  pos- 
sessed of  an  acrid  and  bitter  taste.  It  has  ver- 
mifuge properties.  The  Arabs  believe  that  the 
recently  expressed  juice  of  V.  Zygophyllum 
simplex  is  capable  of  removing  specks  from  the 
cornea. 

ZYME,  Ferment. 

ZYMOMA,  Ferment. 

ZYMOSIS,  Fermentation,  see  Zymotic. 

ZYMOTIC,  Zymot'icus,  from  lu^oco,  'to  fer- 
ment.' An  epithet  proposed  by  Mr.  Farr  for 
any  epidemic,  endemic,  or  contagious  affection. 
Zymosis  is  used  by  him  to  signify  such  an  affec- 
tion. 

ZYTHOGALA,  Posset. 

ZYTHOS,  Cerevisia. 


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TO   THE   MEDICAL  PROFESSION. 

The  following  list  embraces  works  on  Medical  and  other  Sciences  issued  by  the  subscrib- 
ers. They  are  to  be  met  with  at  all  the  principal  bookstores  throughout  the  Union,  and  will 
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be  had  on  application,  free  of  postage,  to  the  subscribers,  or  to  any  of  the  medical  book 
sellers  throughout  the  country. 

LEA  &  BLANCHARD,  Philadelphia. 


DICTIONARIES  AND  JOURNALS. 

American  Journal  of*  the  Medical  Sciences,  quar- 
terly, at  $5  a  year. 
Cyclopedia   of  Practical   Medicine,  by  Forbes, 

Tweedie,  &c,  edited  by  Dunglison,  in  4  super 

royal   volumes,  3154  double  columned  pages. 
Dunglison's  Medical   Dictionary,  6lh  ed.,   1   vol. 

imp.Svo.,  804  large  pages,  double  columns. 
Hoblyn's  Dictionary  of  Medical  Terms,  by  Hays, 

1  vol.  large  12mo.,  402  pages,  double  columns. 
Medical  News  and  Library,  monthly  at  $1  a  year. 

ANATOMY. 
Anatomical   Atlas,  by  Smith  and   Horner,  large 

imp.  8vo.,  650  figures. 
Horner's  Special    Anatomy  and  Histology,  7th 

edition,  2  vols.  8vo.,  many  cuts,  1130  pages. 
Horner's    United  States  Dissector,  1   vol.  large 

royal  12mo.,  many  cuts,  444  pages. 
Wilson's  Human  Anatomy,  by  Goddard,  3d  edi- 
tion, 1  vol.  8vo.,  235  wood-cuts,  620  pages. 
Wilson's    Dissector,   or  Practical    and    Surgical 

Anatomy,  with  cuts,  1  vol.  12mo.,  444  pages. 

PHYSIOLOGY. 

Carpenter's  Principles  of  Human  Physiology,  1 

vol.  8vo.,  644  pages,  many  cuts,  2d  edition. 
Carpenter's  Elements,  or  Manual  of  Physiology, 

1  vol.  8vo.,  566  pages,  many  cuts. 
Connection  between  Physiology  and  Intellectual 

Science,   1  vol.  18mo.,  paper,  price  25  cents. 
Dunglison's  Human   Physiology,   6th    edition,  2 

vols.  8vo.,  1350  pages,  and  370  wood-cuts. 
Harrison  on  the  Nerves,  1  vol.  8vo.,  292  pages. 
Midler's  Physiology,  by  Bell,  1  vol.  8vo.,  886  pp. 
Roget's  Outlines  of  Physiology,  8vo.,  516  pages. 
Todd  and  Bowman's  Physiological  Anatomy  and 

Physiology  of  Man,  with  numerous  wood-cuts. 

(Publishing  in  the  Medical  News.) 
PATHOLOGY. 
Andral  onthe  Blood,  1  vol.  small  8vo.,  120  pages. 
Abercrombie  on  the  Stomach,  new  edition,  1  vol. 

Svo.,  320  pages. 
Abercrombie  on  the  Brain,  new  edition,  1  vol. 

8vo.,  324  pages. 
Alison's  Outlines  of  Pathology,  &c,  1  vol.  8vo., 

420  pages. 
Berzelius  on  the  Kidneys  and  Urine,  8vo.,  180  pp. 
Bennet  on  the  Uterus,  1  vol.  12mo.,  146  pages. 
Budd  on  the  Liver,  1  vol.  8vo.,  392  pages,  plates 

and  wood-cuts. 
Billing's  Principles,  1  vol.  8vo.,  304  pages. 
Bird  on  Urinary  Deposits,  8vo.,  228  pages,  cuts. 
Hasse's  Pathological  Anatomy,  8vo.,  379  pages. 
Hope  on  the  Heart,  by  Pennock,  a  new  edition, 

with  plates,  1  vol.  8vo.,  572  pages. 
Hughes  on  the  Lungs  and  Heart,  1  vol.  12tno., 

270  pages,  with  a  plate. 
Philip  on  Protracted  Indigestion,  8vo.,  240  pp. 
Philips  on  Scrofula,  1  vol.  8vo.,  350  pages. 
Prout  on  the  Stomach  and  Renal  Diseases,  1  vol. 

8vo.,  466  pages,  colored  plates. 
Ricord  on  Venereal,  new  ed.,  1  vol.  8vo.,  256  pp. 
Vb'gel's  Pathological   Anatomy   of   the   Human 

Body,   1  vol.  8vo.,  536  pages,  col.  plates. 


Walshe  on  the  Lungs,  1  vol.  12mo.,  310  pages. 
Wilson  on  the  Skin,  1  vol.  Svo.,  370  pages. 
Williams'  Pathology,  or  Principles  of  Medicine, 

1  vol.  8vo.,  384  pages. 
Williams  on  the  Respiratory  Organs,  by  Clyraei 

1  vol.  8vo.,  500  pages. 

PRACTICE  OF  MEDICINE. 
Ashwell  on  the  Diseases  of  Females,  by  Goddard, 

1  vol.  8vo.,  520  pages. 
Benedict's  Compendium  of  Chapman's  Lectures, 

1  vol.  8vo.,  258  pages. 
Chapman  on  Thoracic  and  Abdominal  Viscera, 

&c,  1  vol.  8vo.,  384  pages. 
Chapman  on  Fevers,  Gout,  Dropsy,  &c.  &c,  1  vol. 

8vo.,  450  pages. 
Colombat  de  L'Isere  on  Females,  translated  and 

edited  by  Meigs,  1  vol.  8vo.,  720  pages,  cuts. 
Condie  on  the  Diseases  of  Children,  2d  edition,  1 

vol.  8vo.,  658  pages. 
Churchill  on  the  Diseases  of  Females,  by  Huston, 

4th  edition,  1  vol.  8vo.,604  pages. 
Clymer  and   others  on  Fevers,  a  complete  work 

in  1  vol.  Svo.  600  pages. 
Dewees  on  Children,  9th  ed.,  1  vol.  Svo.,  548  pp. 
Dewees  on  Females,  8th  edition,  1  vol.8vo.,532 

pages,  with  plates. 
Dunglison's  Practice  of  Medicine,  2d  edition,  2 

vols.  8vo.,  1322  pages. 
Esquirol   on   Insanity,  by  Hunt,  8vo.  496  pages. 
Thomson   on  the  Sick  Room,  &c,   1  vol.  large 

12mo.,  360  pages,  cuts. 
Watson's  Principles  and  Practice  of  Physic,  2d 

edition  by  Condie,  1  vol.  8vo.,  1060  large  pages. 

SURGERY. 

Brodie  on  Urinary  Organs,  1  vol.  Svo. ,  214  pages. 

Brodie  on  the  Joints,  1  vol.  8vo.  216  pages. 

Brodie's  Lectures  on  Surgery,  1  vol.  8vo.,  350  pp. 

Chelitis'  System  of  Surgery,  by  South  and  Norris, 
in  3  large  8vo.  vols.,  near  2000  pages,  or  in  17 
parts  at  50  cents  each. 

Cooper  on  Dislocations,  and  Fractures,  1  vol.  Svo. 
500  pages,  many  cuts. 

Cooper  on  Hernia,  1  vol.  imp.  8vo.,  428  pp.,  pl'ts. 

Cooper  on  the  Testis  and  Thymus  Gland,  1  vol. 
imperial  Svo.  many  plates. 

Cooper  on  the  Anatomy  and  Diseases  ofthe  Breast, 
Surgical  Papers,  &c.  Sec,  1  vol.  imp.Svo.,  pl'te. 

Druitt's  Principles  and  Practice  of  Modern  Sur- 
gery, 3d  ed.,  1  vol.  Svo. ,534  pages,  many  cuts. 

Durlacher  on  Corns,  Bunions,  &c.  12mo.,  134  pp. 

Fergusson's  Practical  Surgery,  1  vol.  8vo.,  2d 
edition,  640  pages,  many  cuts. 

Guthrie  on  the  Bladder,  8vo.,  150  pages. 

Harris  on  the  Maxillary  Sinus,  8vo.,  166  pp. 

Jones'  (Wharton)  Ophthalmic  Medicine  and  Sur- 
gery, by  Hays,  1  vol.  royal  12mo.,529  pages, 
many  cuts,  and  plates  plain  or  colored. 

Liston's  Lectures  on  Surgery,  by  Mutter,  1  vol. 
8vo.,  566  pages,  many  cuts. 

Lawrence  on  the  Eye,  by  Hays,  new  edition, 
much  improved,  863  pages,  many  cuts  &  plates. 

Lawrence  on  Ruptures,  1  vol.  Svo.  480  pages. 

Miller's  Principles  of  Surgery ,  1  vol.  8vo.,  526  pj> 


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Miller's  Practice  of  Surgery,  1  vol.  8vo.,  496pp. 
Maury's  Dental  Surgery,  1  vol.  8vo.,  286  pages, 

many  plates  and  cuts. 
Robertson  on  the  Teeth,  1  vol.  8vo.,  230  pp.  pts. 

MATERIA  MEDICA  AND  THERAPEUTICS. 
Dunglison's  Materia  Medica  and  Therapeutics,  a 

new  ed.,  with  cuts,  2  vols.  8vo.,  986  pa<res 
Dunghson  on  New  Remedies,  5th  ed.,  I  vol  8vo 

653  pages.  ' 

Ellis'  Medical  Formulary,  8th  ed.,  much  improv- 
ed, 1  vol.  8vo.,  272  pages. 
Griffith's  Medical  Botany,  a  new  work,  1  large 

vol.  8vo.,  with  over  350  illustrations. 
Pereira's  Materia  Medica  and  Therapeutics,  by 

Carson,   2d   edition,   2  vols.  8vo.,   1580   very 

large  pages,  nearly  300  wood-cuts. 
Royle's  Materia  Medica  and   Therapeutics,  by 

Carson,  1  vol.  8vo.,  689  pages,  many  cuts. 

OBSTETRICS. 

Churchill's  Theory  and  Practice  ofMidwifery,  by 

Huston,  2d  ed.,  1  vol.  8vo.,  520  pp.,  many  cuts. 
Dewees'  System  of  Midwifery,  11th  ed.,  1  vol. 

8vo.  660  pages,  with  plates. 
Rigby's  System  ofMidwifery,  1  vol.  8vo.  492  pp. 
Ramsbotham  on  Parturition,  with  many  plates,  1 

large   vol.  imperial  8vo.,   new   and'  improved 

edition,  520  pages. 

CHEMISTRY  AND  HYGIENE. 
Brighamon  Excitement, &c,  1  vol.  12mo.,  204  pp. 
Dunglison  on  Human  Health, 2d  ed.,8vo.,  464  pp. 
Fowne's  Elementary  Chemistry  for  Students,  ] 

vol.  royal   12mo.,  460  large  pages,  many  cuts. 
Graham's  Elements  of  Chemistry,  1  vol.  8vo.,750 

pages,  many  cuts. 
Griffith's  Chemistry  of  the  Four  Seasons,  1  vol. 

royal  12mo.,  451  pages,  many  cuts. 
Practical  Organic  Chemistry,  18mo.,  paper,  25  cts. 
Simon's  Chemistry  of  Man,  8vo.,  730  pp.,  plates. 

MEDICAL  JURISPRUDENCE,   EDUCATION, 

&c. 
Bartlett's  Philosophy  of  Medicine,  1  vol.  8vo., 
312  pages. 


Dunglison's  Medical  Student,  2d  ed.l2mo., 312  pp. 
Man's  Power  over  himself  to  Prevent  or  Control 

Insanity,  18mo.  paper,  price  25  cents. 
Taylor's  Medical   Jurisprudence,  by  Griffith,    1 

vol.  8vo.,  540  pages. 
Traill'sMedical  Jurisprudence,  1  vol.8vo.  234pp. 

NATURAL  SCIENCE,  &c. 
Arnott's  Elements  of  Physics,  new  edition,  1  vol. 

8vo.,  4S4  pages,  many  cuts. 
Brewster's  Treatise  on  Optics,  1  vol.  12mo.,  423 

pages,  many  cuts. 
Babbage's  "  Fragment,"   1  vol.  8vo.,  250  pages. 
Buckland's  Geology  and  Mineralogy,  2  vols.  8vo., 

with  numerous  plates  and  maps. 
Bridgewater  Treatises,  with   many  plates,  cuts, 

maps,  &c,  7  vols.  8vo.,  3287  pages. 
Carpenter's  Popular  Vegetable  Physiology,  1  vol. 

royal  12mo.,  many  cuts. 
Hale's  Ethnography  and  Philology  of  the  U.  S. 

Exploring  Expedition,  in  1  large  imp.  4to.  vol. 
Herschell'sTreatise  on  Astronomy,  1  vol.  12mo. 

417  pages,  numerous  plates  and  cuts. 
Introduction  to  Vegetable  Physiology,   founded 

on  the  works  of  De  Candolle,  Lindley,  &c., 

18mo.,  paper,  25  cents. 
Kirby  on  Animals,  plates,  1  vol.  8vo.,  520  pages. 
Kirby  and  Spence's  Entomology,  from  6th  Lon- 
don ed.,  1  vol.  8vo.,  600  large  pages;  plates, 

plain  or  colored. 
Philosophy  in  Sport  made  Science  in  Earnest,  1 

vol.  royal  18mo.,  430  pages,  many  cuts. 
Roget's  Animal  and  Vegetable  Physiology,  with 

400  cuts,  2  vols.  Svo.,  872  pages. 
Trimmer's  Geology  and  Mineralogy,  1  vol.  8vo., 

528  pages,  many  cuts. 

VETERINARY  MEDICINE. 

Claterand  Skinner's  Farrier,  1  vol.  12mo.,  220  pp. 
Youatt's  Great  Work  on  the  Horse,  by  Skinner, 

1  vol.  8vo.,  448  pages,  many  cuts. 
Youatt  and  Clater's  Cattle  Doctor,  1  vol.  12mo., 

282  pages,  cuts. 
Youatt  on  the  Dog,  by  Lewis,  1  vol.  demy  Svo., 

403  pages,  beautiful  plates. 


NEW  MEDICAL   AND  SCIENTIFIC  BOOKS. 

Lea  Sf  Blanchard  have  at  press  and  preparing  for  publication  thefolloioing  icorlcs. 

Carpenter's  Comparative  Anatomy  and  Physiology,  revised  by  the  author,  with  beautiful  steel  plates. 

A  New  Work  on  the  Diseases  and  Surgery  of  the  Ear,  with  illustrations. 

Bird's  Natural  Philosophy,  from  a  new  Lond.  ed.,  in  1  vol.  royal  12mo.  with  wood-cuts. 

Youatt  on  the  Pig,  a  new  work  with  beautiful  illustrations  of  all  the  different  varieties. 

Maunder's  Treasury  of  Natural  History,  a  Popular  Dictionary  of  Animated  Nature,  with  illustrations. 

Dana  on  Corals,  imp.  4to.,  with  an  Atlas  of  Maps,  being  vols.  8  and  9  of  the  U.  S.  Ex.  Expedition. 

Churchill  on  theManagementand  more  Important  Diseases  of  Infancy  and  Childhood,  in  1  vol.  Svo. 

Solly  on  the  Human  Brain,  its  Structure,  Physiology  and  Diseases. 

Spooner  on  Sheep,  with  numerous  wood-cuts. 

Malgaigne's  Operative  Surgery,  with  numerous  wood-cuts. 

Quain's  Elements  of  Anatomy,  by  Dr.  Sharpey,  with  many  illustrations. 

De  La  Beche's  new  work  on  Geology,  with  numerous  wood-cuts. 

Southwood  Smith's  Philosophy  of  Health. 

Kane's  Elements  of  Pharmacy,  with  additions,  in  1  vol.  12mo. 

The  Universal  Formulary  and  Pharmacy,  by  R.  E.  Griffith,  M.  D.,  in  1  vol.  8vo. 
An  Analytical  Compend  of  the  Various  Branches  of  Practical  Medicine,  Surgery  Anatomy,  Mid- 
wifery, Diseases  of  Women  and  Children,  MateriaMedica  and  Therapeutics,  Physiology,  Chemistry 
and  Pharmacy,  by  John  Neill,  M.  D.,  and  F.  Gurney  Smith,  M.  D.,  with  numerous  illustrations. 
Taylor's  Manual  of  Toxicology,  in  1  vol.     Metcalf  on  Caloric,  in  one  large  Svo.  volume. 
The  History    Diagnosis  and  Treatment  of  Typhoid,  Typhus,  Bilious  Remittent,  Congestive  and 
Yellow  Fever,  bv  Elisha  Bartlett,  M.  D.,  &c,  being  a  new  and  extended  ed.  of  his  former  work. 
A  Cyclopaedia  of  Anatomy  and  Physiology,  based  on  the  large  work  of  Todd,  in  2  vols,  large  Svo. 
The  Universal  Dispensatory,  with  many  wood-cuts,  in  1  large  8vo.  volume. 
A  New  Work  on  Bandaging,  and  other  Points  of  Minor  Surgery,  in  1  vol.  12mo.,  with  wood-cuts. 
Elements  of  General  Therapeutics,  &c,  by  Alfred  Stille,  M.D.,  in  1  vol.  8vo. 
Coates'  Popular  Medicine,  a  new  edition,  fully  revised  and  brought  up,  in  1  vol.  large  12mo. 
Professor  Meigs'  New  Work  on  Females;  their  Diseases  and  their  Remedies,  in  a  Series  of  Let- 
ters to  his  Class,  in  1  vol.  Svo. 

Together  with  various  other  works. 


LEA  &  BLANCHARD'S  PUBLICATIONS. 


NOW  COMPLETE. 

THE     GREAT     SURGICAL     LIBRARY. 

A  SYSTEM  "OF  SURGERY, 

BY    J.    M.    CHELIUS, 

Doctor  in  Medicine  and  Surgery,  Public  Professor  of  General  and  Ophthalmic  Surgery,  etc.  etc.  in  the  Uni- 
versity of  Heidelberg. 

TRANSLATED  FROM  THE  GERMAN, 

AND  ACCOMPANIED   WITH  ADDITIONAL  NOTES  AJND  OBSERVATIONS, 
BY    JOHN    F.    SOUTH, 

Surgeon  to  St.  Thomas'  Hospital. 

EDITED,  WITH  REFERENCE  TO  AMERICAN  AUTHORITIES, 

BY  GEORGE  W.  NORRIS,  M.  D. 

Now  complete  in  three  large  octavo  volumes  of  over  six  hundred  pages  each,  or  in  17  numbers,  at  fifty  cents. 

This  work  has  been  delayed  beyond  the  time  originally  promised  for  its  completion,  by  the  very  extensive 
additions  of  the  translator.  In  answer  to  numerous  inquiries,  the  publishers  now  have  the  pleasure  to  pre- 
sent it  in  a  perfect  state  to  the  profession,  forming  three  unusually  large  volumes,  bound  in  the  best  manner, 
and  sold  at  a  very  low  price. 

This  excellent  work  was  originally  published  in  Germany,  under  the  unpretending  title  of  "Handbook  to 
the  Author's  Lectures."  In  passing,  however,  through  six  successive  editions,  it  has  gradually  increased 
in  extent  and  importance,  until  it  now  presents  a  complete  view  of  European  Surgery  in  general,  but  more 
especially  of  English  practice,  and  it  is  acknowledged  to  be  well  fitted  to  supply  the  admitted  want  of  a  com- 
plete and  extended  system  of  Surgery  in  all  its  branches,  comprehending  both  the  principles  and  the  prac- 
tice of  this  important  branch  of  the  healing  art.  Since  Benjamin  Bell's  great  work,  first  published  in  1783, 
and  now  almost  obsolete,  no  thorough  and  extended  work  has  appeared  in  the  English  language,  occupying 
the  ground  which  this  is  so  well  calculated  to  cover. 

The  fact  of  this  work  being  carried  to  six  editions  in  Germany,  and  translated  into  no  less  than  eight  lan- 
guages, is  a  sufficient  evidence  of  the  ability  with  which  the  author  has  carried  out  his  arduous  design. 

This  translation  has  been  undertaken  with  the  concurrence  and  sanction  of  Professor  Chelius.  The  trans- 
lator, Mr.  John  F.  South,  appears  to  have  devoted  himself  to  it  with  singular  industry  and  ardor,  and  to  have 
brought  it  up  almost  to  the  very  hour  of  publication  His  notes  and  additions  are  very  numerous,  embodying 
the  results  and  opinions  of  all  the  distinguished  surgeons  of  the  day,  Continental,  English  and  American. 
The  leading  opinions  of  John  Hunter,  on  which  Modern  English  Surgery  has  been  raised,  are  set  forth  ;  the 
results  of  the  recent  microscopical  discoveries,  especially  in  reference  to  inflammation,  will  be  found  here, 
together  with  many  other  practical  observations,  placing  the  work  on  a  level  with  the  present  state  of  Sur- 
gery, and  rendering  it  peculiarly  useful,  both  to  the  student  and  practitioner. 

The  labors  of  the  English  translator  have  been  so  numerous  and  important,  that  there  is  but  little  which 
remains  to  be  supplied  by  the  American  editor.  Dr.  G.  W.  Norris  has  consented,  however,  to  superintend 
the  passage  of  the  work|  through  the  press,  and  supply  whatever  may  have  been  omitted  in  relation  to  the 
Surgical  Literature  of  this  country. 

The  Medical  Press  and  profession,  both  in  England  and  in  this  country,  have  joined  in 
praise  of  this  great  work,as  being  more  complete  than  any  other,  and  as  affording  a  complete 
library  of  reference,  equally  suited  to  the  practitioner  and  to  the  student. 

"  We  strongly  recommend  all  surgical  practitioners  and  students,  who  have  not  yet  looked  into  this  work, 
to  provide  themselves  with  it  without  delay,  and  study  its  pages  diligently  and  deliberately." — The  Edin- 
burgh Medical  and  Surgical  Journal. 

"Judging  from  a  single  number  only  of  this  work,  we  have  no  hesitation  in  saying  that,  if  the  remaining 
portions  correspond  at  all  with  the  first,  it  will  be  by  far  the  most  complete  and  scientific  System  of  Surgery 
in  the  English  language.  We  have,  indeed,  seen  no  work  which  so  nearly  comes  up  to  our  idea  of  what 
such  a  production  should  be,  both  as  a  practical  guide  and  as  a  work  of  reference,  as  this;  and  the  fact  that 
it  has  passed  through  six  editions  in  Germany,  and  been  translated  into  seven  languages,  is  sufficiently.con- 
vincing  proof  of  its  value.  It  is  methodical  and  concise,  clear  and  accurate,  omitting  all  minor  details  and 
fruitless  speculations,  it  gives  us  all  the  information  we  want  in  the  shortest  and  simplest  form." — The  New 
York  Journal  of  Medicine. 

"  Nor  do  these  parts,  in  any  degree,  fall  short  of  their  predecessors,  in  the  copiousness  and  value  of  their 
details.  The  work  certainly  forms  an  almost  unique  curiosity  in  medical  literature,  in  the  fact  that  the 
notes  occupy  a  larger  portion  of  the  volume  than  the  original  matter,  an  arrangement  which  is  constantly 
appearing  to  render  the  text  subsidiary  to  its  illustrations  Still  this  singularity  of  manner  does  not  at  all 
detract  from  the  value  of  the  matter  thus  disposed." — The  London  Medical  Gazette. 

'•This  work  has  long  been  the  chief  text-book  on  Surgery  in  the  principal  schools  of  Germany,  and  the 
publication  of  five  editions  of  it  in  the  original  and  of  translations  into  no  less  than  eight  foreign  languages, 
shows  the  high  estimation  in  which  it  is  held.  As  a  systematic  work  on  Surgery  it  has  merits  of  a  high  order. 
It  is  methodical  and  concise — and  on  the  whole  clear  and  accurate.  The  most  necessary  information  is 
conveyed  in  the  shortest  and  simplest  form.  Minor  details  and  fruitless  speculations  are  avoided.  It  is  in 
fact,  essentially  a  practical  book.  This  work  was  first  published  nearly  twenty  years  ago.  and  its  solid  and 
permanent  reputation  has  no  doubt  led  Mr.  South  to  undertake  the  present  translation  of  the  latest  edition 
of  it,  which,  we  are  informed,  is  still  passing  through  the  press  in  Germany.  We  should  have  felt  at  a  loss 
to  select  any  one  better  qualified  for  the  task  than  the  translator  of  Otto's  Compendium  of  Human  and  Com- 
parative Pathological  Anatomy— a  surgeon  to  a  large  hospital  whose  industry  and  opportunities  have 
enabled  him  to  keep  pace  with  the  improvements  of  his  time."  —  The  Medico-Chirurgical  Review. 

'•  Although  Great  Britain  can  boast  of  some  of  the  most  skillful  surgeons,  both  among.her  past  and  her  present 
professors  of  that  branch  of  medical  science,  no  work  professing  to  be  a  complete  system  of  Surgery  has  been 
published  in  the  British  dominions  since  that  of  Benjamin  Bell,  now  more  than  half  a  century  old. 

"  This  omission  in  English  medical  literature  is  fully  and  satisfactorily  supplied  by  the  translation  of  Profes- 
sor Chelius's  System  of  Surgery  by  agentleman  excellently  fitted  for  the  task,  both  by  his  extensive  reading, 
and  the  opportunities  of  practical  experience  which  he  has  enjoyed  for  years  as  surgeon  toone  of  our  largest 
metropolitan  hospitals.  The  fact  of  Professor  Chelius's  work  having  been  translated  into  seven  languages  is 
sufficient  proof  of  the  estimation  in  which  it  is  held  by  our  continental  brethren,  and  the  English  Edition, 
now  in  course  of  publication,  loses  none  of  the  value  of  the  original  from  the  treatment  received  at  the  hands 
of  its  translator.  The  notes  and  additions  of  Professor  South  are  numerous,  and  contain  the  opinions  result- 
ing from  his  vast  experience,  and  from  that  of  his  colleague.'  —  The  Medical  Times. 

■'It  ably  maintains  the  character  formerly  given,  of  being  the 'most  learned  and  complete  systematic 
treatise  now  extant  The  descriptions  of  surgical  diseases,  and  indeed  the  whole  of  the  pathological  depart- 
ment, are  most  valuable." — The  Edinburgh  Medical  and  Surgical  Journal. 

fr3"  Persons  wishing  this  work  sent  to  them  by  mail,  in  parts,  can  remit  Ten  Dollars,  for 
which  a  set  will  be  sent  by  the  publishers,  free  of  postage,  together  with  a  copy  of  "The 
Medical  News  and  Library"  for  one  year. 


LEA  &  BLANCHARD'S  PUBLICATIONS. 


rh       ;  CHELIUS'S  SURGERY,  CONTINUED. 

thecoemPnlZ8e„HS  a"?eX  a.  Very  condensed  ^mmary  of  the  contents  of  Chelius's  Surgery,  showing 
the  complete  and  systematic  manner  in  which  the  whole  subject  is  divided  and  treated. 


I.  Division.— Of  Inflammation. 

1.  Of  inflammation  in  general. 

2.  Of  some  peculiar  kinds  of  inflammation. 

a.  Of  erysipelas;  6.  Of  burns  ;  c.  Of  frost- 

™  •  *        '"  d'  0f  boils  5  e-  Of  carbuncle. 

3.  Of  inflammation  in  some  special  organs. 

a.  Of  inflammation  of  the  tonsils  ;  6.  Of  the 
parotid  gland  ;  c.  Of  the  breasts  ;  d.  Of 
the  urethra  ;  e.  Of  the  testicle  ;  /.  Of  the 
muscles  of  the  loins;  g.  Of  the  nail 
joints  ;  h.  Of  the  joints,  viz. 

a.  Of  the  synovial  membrane  ;  b.  Of  the  car- 
tilages ;  c.  Of  the  joint-ends  of  the  bones, 
viz.,  aa.  in  the  hip-joint;  bb.  in  the 
shoulder-joint ;  cc.  in  the  knee-joint ; 
and  so  on. 

II.  Division. — Diseases  which  consist  in  a  dis- 
turbance of  physical  connexion. 

I.  Fresh  solutions  of  continuity. 

a.  Wounds  ;  b.  Fractures. 

II.  Old  solutions, 

A.  Which  do  not  suppurate,  viz. 

a.  False  joints  ;  b.  Hare-lip  ;  c.  Cleft  in 
the  soft  palate  ;  d.  Old  rupture  of 
the  female  perineum. 

B.  Which  do  suppurate,  viz. 
i.  Ulcers. 

1.  In  general. 

2.  In  particular. 

a.  Atonic  ;  b.  Scorbutic  ;  c.  Scrofulous  ; 
d.  Gouty  ;  e.  Impetiginous  ;  /.  Vene- 
real ;  g.  Bony  ulcers  or  caries, 
ii.  Fistulas. 

a.  Salivary  fistula  ;  b.  Biliary  fistula  ;  c.  Faecal 
fistula  and  artificial  anus;  d.  Anal  fistula ; 
e.  Urinary  fistula. 
in.  Solutions  of  continuity  by  changed  position  of 
parts. 
1.  Dislocations;  2.  Ruptures  ;  3.  Prolapses; 
4.  Distortions. 
IV.  Solutions  of  continuity  by  unnatural  distention. 
1.  In  the  arteries,  aneurisms  ;  2.  In  the  veins, 
varices  ;  3.  In  the  capillary-vascular  sys- 
tem, teleangiectasis. 

III.  Division. — Diseases  dependent  on  the  unna- 

tural adhesion  of  parts. 
1.  Anchylosis  of  the  joint-ends  of  bones  ;  2.  Grow- 
ing together  and  narrowing  of  the  aperture 
of  the  nostrils;  3.  Unnatural  adhesion  of  the 
tongue ;  4.  Adhesion  of  the  gums  to  the 
cheeks;  5.  Narrowing  of  the  oesophagus  ;  6. 
Closing  and  narrowing  of  the  rectum  ;  7. 
Growing  together  and  narrowing  of  the  pre- 
puce; 8.  Narrowing  and  closing  of  the  ure- 
thra; 9.  Closing  and  narrowing  of  the  vagina 
and  of  the  mouth  of  the  womb. 


IV.  Division. — Foreign  bodies. 


1.  Foreign  bodies  introduced  externally  into  our 

organism. 
a.  Into  the  nose  ;  b.  Into  the  mouth  ;  c.  Into 
the  gullet  and  intestinal  canal  ;  d.  Into 
the  wind-pipe. 

2.  Foreign  bodies  formed  in  our  organism  by  the 

retention  of  natural  products. 
a.  Retentions  in  their  proper  cavities  and 
receptacles. 

a.  Ranula;  b.  Retention  of  urine;  c. 
Retention  of  the  foetus  in  the  womb 
or  in  the  cavity  of  the  belly,  (Caesa- 
rean  operation,  section  of  the  pubic 
symphysis,  section  of  the  belly.) 
B.  Extravasation  external  to  the  proper  cavi- 
ties or  receptacles. 

a.  Blood  swellings  on  the  heads  of  new- 
born children;  b.  Haematocele;  c. 
Collections  of  blood  in  joints. 

3.  Foreign  bodies  resulting  from  the  accumulation 

of  unnatural  secreted  fluids, 
a.  Lymphatic  swellings  ;  6.  Dropsy  of  joints  ; 
c.  Dropsy  of  the  bursa;  mucosae  ;  d.  Wa- 
ter in  the  head,  spina  bifida;  e.  Water 
in  the  chest  and  empyema;  /.  Dropsy 
of  the  pericardium  ;  g.  Dropsy  of  the 
belly;  A.  Dropsy  of  the  ovary;  i.  Hy- 
drocele. 

4.  Foreign  bodies  produced  from  the  concretion  of 

secreted  fluids. 

V.  Division. — Diseases  which  consist  in  the  de- 
generation of  organic  parts,  or  in  the  produc- 
tion of  new  structures. 

1.  Enlargement  of  the  tongue;  2.  Bronchocele  ; 
3.  Enlarged  clitoris;  4.  Warts;  5.  Bunions; 
6.  Horny  growths ;  7.  Bony  growths  ;  8.  Fun- 
gus of  the  dura  mater;  9.  Fatty  swellings; 
10.  Encysted  swellings;  11.  Cartilaginous 
bodies  in  joints  ;  12.  Sarcoma;  13.  Medul- 
lary fungus  ;  14.  Polypus  ;  15.  Cancer. 

VI.  Division. — Loss  of  organic  parts. 

1 .  Organic  replacement  of  already  lost  parrs,  es- 

pecially  of  the  face,  according  to  the  TagJia- 
cotian  and  Indian  melhods. 

2.  Mechanical  replacement :  Application   of  arti- 

ficial limbs,  and  so  on. 

VII.  Division. — Superfluity  of  organic  parts. 

VIII.  Division. — Display  of  the  elementary  ma- 
nagement of  surgical  operations. 

General  surgical  operations  :  Bleeding,  cupping, 
application  of  issues,  introduction  ofsetons, 
amputations,  resections,  and  so  on. 


DRUTTT'S  SURGERY.    Mew  Edition- --Now  Ready,  1847, 

THE  PRINCIPLES  AND  PRACTICE  OF  MODERN  SURGERY. 

By    ROBERT    DRUITT,    Surgeon. 

THIRD  AMERICAN  FROM  THE  THIRD  LONDON  EDITION 

Illustrated  with  one  hundred  and  fifty-three  wood  engravings. 

WITH  NOTES  AND  COMMENTS, 

BY  JOSHUA  B.  FLINT,  M.  D..  M.  M.,  S.  S.,  &c.  &c. 

In  One  very  neat  Octavo  Volume  of  about  Five  Hundred  and  Fifty  Pages. 

In  presenting  this  work  to  the  American  profession  for  the  third  time,  but  little  need  be  said  to  solicit  for 
it  a  co"'inualion  o(  ,he  favor  wil1'  vvhlch  ll  has  ljeen  received.  The  merits  which  have  procured  it  this 
favor  its  clearness,  conciseness,  and  its  excellent  arrangement,  will  continue  to  render  it  the  favorite  text- 
hook  of  the  student  who  wishes  in  a  moderate  space  a  compcnd  of  the  principles  and  practice  of  Surgery 

''This  work  merits  our  warmest  commendations,  and  we  strongly  recommend  it  to  young  surgeons  as  an 
admirable  digest  oi  the  principles  and  practice  of  modern  Surgery."— Medical  Gazetu. 


LEA  &  BLANCHARD'S  PUBLICATIONS. 


NOW  READY. 


BOYLE'S  MATERIA  MEDICA. 


MATERIA  MEDICA  AMD  THERAPEUTICS; 

INCLUDING  THE  PREPARATIONS  OF  THE  PHARMACOPOEIAS  OF  LONDON, 
EDINBURGH,  DUBLIN,  AND  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 

WITH    MANY    NEW    MEDICINES. 

BY  J.  FORBES  ROYLE,  M.D.,  F.  R.  S., 

Late  of  the  Medical  Staff  in  the  Bengal  Army,  Professor  of  Materia  Medica  and  Therapeutics,  King's  Col- 
lege, London,  &.c.  &c. 

EDITED  BY  JOSEPH  CARSON,  M.D., 

Professor  of  Materia  Medica  in  the  Philadelphia  College  of  Pharmacy,  &c.  &c. 

WITH  NINETY-EIGHT  ILLUSTRATIONS. 

|0~  See  Specimen  of  the  Cut*,  but  not  of  the  Paper  or  Working;  on  next  Page, 

In  one  large  octavo  volume  of  about  700  page*. 
Being  one  of  the  most  beautiful  Medical  works  published  in  this  Country. 

The  want  has  been  felt  nnd  expressed  for  some  time,  of  a  text-book  on  Materia  Medica,  which 
should  occupy  a  place  between  the  encyclopaedic  works,  such  as  Pereira,  and  the  smaller  treatises 
which  present  but  a  meagre  outline  of  the  science.  It  has  been  the  aim  of  the  author  of  the 
present  work  to  fill  this  vacancy,  and  by  the  use  of  method  and  condensation,  he  has  been  enabled 
to  present  a  volume  to  the  student,  which  will  be  found  to  contain  what  is  necessary  in  a  complete 
and  thorough  text-book  of  the  science,  encumbered  with  few  unnecessary  details.  The  editor, 
Dr.  Carson,  has  added  whatever  was  wanted  to  adapt  it  to  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States, 
and  it  is  confidently  recommended  to  the  student  and  practitioner  of  medicine,  as  one  of  the  best 
text-books  on  the  subject,  now  before  the  profession. — Great  care  has  been  taken  in  its  mechanical 
execution. 

"  Dr.  Royle's  manual,  while  it  has  the  convenience  of  being  in  a  portable  form,  contains  as  much 
matter  as  would  fill  two  octavo  volumes  in  large  type.  Our  readers  will  judge,  from  the  remarks 
■which  we  have  already  made,  that  we  think  highly  of  this  work.  The  subject  is  well  treated,  the 
matter  practical  and  well  arranged,  and  we  do  not  hesitate  to  recommend  it  as  a  most  useful 
volume  to  the  student  and  practitioner.  It  is  a  good  specimen  of  typography,  and  the  engravings 
are  well  executed." — Medical  Gazette. 

In  regard  to  the  yet  more  essential  constituent,  the  literary  portion  of  the  work,  no  one  who  is 
acquainted  with  the  former  productions  of  Dr.  Royle,  will  doubt  that  the  author  has  discharged  his 
duties  with  the  same  skill  as  the  artist.  The  work  is,  indeed,  a  most  valuable  one,  and  will  fill  up 
an  important  gap  that  existed  between  Dr.  Pereira's  most  learned  and  complete  system  of  materia 
medica,  and  the  class  of  productions  at  the  other  extreme,  which  are  necessarily  imperfect  from 
their  small  extent.  Such  a  work  as  this  does  not  admit  of  analysis  and  scarcely  of  detailed  critical 
examination.  It  would,  however,  be  injustice  to  the  learned  author  not  to  state  that,  in  addition 
to  what  former  works  on  the  subject  necessarily  contained,  the  reader  will  find  here  not  a  little 
that  is  either  original,  or  introduced  for  the  first  time,  more  especially  in  the  details  of  botany  and 
natural  history,  and  in  what  may  be  termed  the  archaeology  of  drugs. — The  British  and  Foreign 
Medical  Review. 

Of  the  various  works  that  have  from  time  to  time  appeared  on  materia  medica  on  the  plan  of  the 
one  before  us,  there  is  none  more  deserving  of  commendation.  From  the  examination  which  we 
have  given,  accuracy  and  perspicuity  seem  to  characterize  it  throughout,  as  a  text  book  of  refer- 
ence to  the  student  of  medicine,  and  especially  of  pharmacy  in  its  application  to  medicine,  none 
could  be  better. 

We  think  that  every  one  who  can  afford  it  should  possess  this  excellent  work,  the  value  of  which 
has  been  greatly  enhanced  by  the  additions  of  Dr.  Carson,  than  whom  no  one  is  more  competent 
lo  estimate  it  correctly,  and  to  make  such  additions  as  may  adapt  it  for  American  service. — The 
Medical  Examiner. 

We  have  sufficiently  extended  our  notice  of  the  manual  of  materia  medica  and  therapeutics,  to 
show  that  it  possesses  great  merit,  which  will  be  a  pretty  sure  guarantee  of  its  acceptableness  to 
the  profession.  The  department  of  materia  medica  is  now  so  extended,  that  the  treatises  recently 
issued  from  the  press,  partake  of  the  nature  of  cyclopaedias.  To  the  student,  whether  of  pharmacy 
solely  or  medicine,  an  extended  manual  as  the  present  cannot  but  be  regarded  with  favor. — The 
American  Journal  of  Pharmacy. 

We  cannot,  however,  conclude  without  expressing  our  warm  approbation  of  the  volume  as  a 
whole.  It  will  certainly  not  detract  from  the  author's  high  reputation. — The  Medico- Chirurgical 
Review. 


SPECIMEN   OF   CUTS  IN 


ROYLE'S 

MATERIA  MEDICA  AND  THERAPEUTICS 


g 

H 

> 
•-3 

> 


7  ^ilS^ 


Sin  » 


10  LEA  &  BLANCHARD'S  PUBLICATIONS. 


CHURCHILL'S  MIDWIFERY. 

ON  THE  THEORY  AND  PRACTICE  OF  MIDWIFERY, 

BY  FLEETWOOD  CHURCHILL,  M.  D.,  M.R.I.  A., 

Lxentiate  of  the  College  of  Physicians  in  Ireland  ;  Physician  to  the  Western  Lying-in-Hospual ;  Lecturer  on 
Midwifery,  &c,  in  the  Richmond  Hospital  Medical  School,  &c.  &.C. 

WITH   NOTES  AND  ADDITIONS, 
BY  ROBERT  HUSTON,  M.U., 

Professor  of  Materia  Medica  and  General  Therapeutics,  and  formerly  of  Obstetrics  and  the  Disease  of  Wo- 
men and  Children  111  the  Jefferson  Medical  College  of  Philadelphia;  President  of  the  Philadelphia 
Medical  Society,  &c.  &c. 
SECOND  AMERICAN  EDITION. 
WITH  ONE  HUNDRED  AND  TWENTY-EIGHT  IIXUSTRATIONS, 

Engraved  by   Gilbert  from  Drawings  by  Bagg  and  others. 

In  one  beautiful  octavo  volume. 
Tn  this  age  of  books,  when  much  is  written  in  every  department  of  the  science  of  medicine,  it  is  a  matter  of 
no  small  moment  to  the  student,  winch  of  the  many  he  shall  choose  for  his  study  in  pupilage,  and  guide  in 
practice.  In  no  department  is  the  choice  more  difficult  than  in  that  of  midwifery  ;  many  excellent  and  truly 
valuable  treatises  in  this  department  of  medicine  have,  within  a  few  years  past,  been  written;  of  this  character 
are  those  of  Dewees,  Velpeau.  Meigs  and  Rgby,  with  due  respect  to  the  authors  of  the  works  just  cited,  we  are 
compelled  to  admit,  that  to  Mr.  Churchill  has  been  reserved  the  honor  of  presenting  to  the  profession  one  more 
particularly  adapted  to  the  want  and  use  of  students,  a  work  rich  in  statistics— clear  in  practice — and  free  in 
style— possessing  no  small  claims  to  our  confidence. —  The  New  York  Journal  of  Medicine. 

WILLIAMS'  PATHOLOGY. 

PRINCIPLES    OF   MEDICINE, 

COMPRISING 

GENERAL  PATHOLOGY  AND  THERAPEUTICS, 

AKI)  A  GENERAL  VIEW   OF 

ETIOLOGY,  NOSOLOGY,  SEMEIOLOGY,  DIAGNOSIS  AND  PROGNOSIS. 
BY  CHARLES  J.  B.  WILLIAMS,  M.D.,  F.R.S., 

Fellow  of  the  Royal  College  of  Physicians,  &c. 

WITH   NOTES  AND   ADDITIONS, 

BY  MEREDITH  CLYMER,  M.  D.,  &c. 

In  one  volume,  octavo. 

P  E  R  E  I  R  A '  S   MATERIA    M  E  D  I  C  A  . 

Willi  nearly  Three  Hundred  Engravings  on  Wood. 

A  NEW    EDITION,  LATELY  PUBLISHED. 

THE  ELEMENTS  OF 

MATERIA  MEDICA  AND  THERAPEUTICS, 

COMPREHENDING 

THE  NATURAL  HISTORY,  PREPARATION,  PROPERTIES,  COMPO- 
SITION, EFFECTS  AND  USES  OF  MEDICINES. 
BY  JONATHAN  PEREIRA,  M.D.,  F.R.S.  and  L.S. 

Member  of  the  Society  of  Pharmacy  of  Paris;  Examiner  in  Materia  Medica  and  Pharmacy  of  the  University 
of  London;  Lecturer  on  Materia  Medica  at  the  London  Hospital.  &c  &<:. 
Second  American,  from  the  last  London  Edition,  enlarged  and  improved. 

WITH  NOTES  AND  ADDITIONS  BY  JOSEPH  CARSON,  M.D. 

In  two  volumes,  octavo,  containing  Fifteen  Hundred  very  large  pages,  illustrated  by  Two  Hundred  and 

Seventy-five  Wood-cuts. 
This  encyclopaedia  of  materia  medica.  for  such  it  may  justly  be  entitled,  gives  the  fullest  and  most  ample  ex- 

Fosilion  of  materia  medica  and  its  associate  branches  of  any  work  hitherto  published  in  the  English  language. 
l  abounds  in  research  and  erudition:  its  statements  of  facts  are  clear  and  methodically  arranged,  while  us 
therapeutical  explanations  are  philosophical,  and  in  accordance  with  sound  cluneal  experience.  It  is  equally 
adapted  as  a  text-book  for  students,  or  a  work  of  reference  for  the  advanced  practitioner,  and  no  one  can 
consult  its  pages  without  profit..  The  editor  has  performed  his  task  with  much  ability  and  judgment.  In  the 
first  American  edition,  lie  adopted  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States,  and  the  formula;  set  forth  in  that 
standard  authority;  in  the  present  he  has  introduced  an  account  of  substances  that  have  recently  attracted  at- 
tention by  their  therapeutic  employment,  together  with  the  mode  of  forming  the  characters  and  uses  of  new 
pharmaceutic  preparations,  and  the  details  of  more  elaborate  and  particular  chemical  investigations,  with 
respect  to  the  nature  of  previously  known  and  already  described  elementary  principles— all  the  important 
indigenous  medicines  of  the  United  States  heretofore  known,  are  also  described.  The  work,  however,  is  too 
well  known  to  need  any  further  remark.  We  have  no  doubt  it  will  have  a  circulation  commensurate  with  its 
extraordinary  merits.—  The  New  York  Journal  of  Medicine. 

"  An  Encyclopaedia  of  knowledge  in  that  department  of  medical  science— by  the  common  consent  of  the  pro- 
fession the  most  elaborate  and  scientific  Treatise  on  Materia  Medica  in  our  language."—  Western  Journal  of 
Medicine  and  Surgery. 


LEA  &  BLANCHARD'S  PUBLICATIONS.  11 

WILSON'S  ANATOMY.    New  Edition— Now  Ready,  1847. 

A   SYSTEM    OF    HUMAN   ANATOMY, 
GENERAL   AND  SPECIAL. 

BY  ERASMUS  WILSON,  M.D., 

Lecturer  on  Anatomy,  London. 
THIRD  AMERICAN  FROM  THE  LAST  LONDON  EDITION. 

EDITED  BY  P.  B.  GODDARD,  A.M.,  M.D., 

Professor  of  Anatomy  in  the  Franklin  Medical  College  of  Philadelphia. 

WITH  TWO  HUNDRED  AND  THIRTY-FIVE  ILLUSTRATIONS  BY  GILBERT. 

Mn  one  beautiful  octavo  volume  of  over  SIX  HVJVltREB  J^arg-e  Paget, 

Strongly  Bound  and  sold  at  a  low  price. 

Since  the  publication  of  the  second  American  edition  of  this  work,  the  author  has  issued  a  new 
edition  in  London,  in  which  he  has  carefully  brought  up  his  work  to  a  level  with  the  most  advanced 
science  of  the  day.  All  the  elementary  chapters  have  been  re-written,  and  such  alterations  made 
through  the  body  of  the  work,  by  the  introduction  of  all  new  facts  of  interest,  illustrated  by  appro- 
priate engravings,  as  much  increase  its  value.  The  present  edition  is  a  careful  and  exact  reprint 
of  the  English  volume,  with  the  addition  of  such  other  illustrations  as  were  deemed  necessary  to  a 
more  complete  elucidation  of  the  text ;  and  the  insertion  of  such  of  the  notes  appended  to  the  last 
American  edition  as  had  not  been  adopted  by  the  author  and  embodied  in  his  text;  together  with 
such  additional  information  as  appeared  calculated  to  enhance  the  value  of  the  work.  It  may  also 
be  stated  that  the  utmost  care  has  been  taken  in  the  revision  of  the  letter-press,  and  in  obtaining 
clear  and  distinct  impressions  of  the  accompanying  cuts. 

It  will  thus  be  seen,  that  every  effort  has  been  used  to  render  this  text-book  worthy  of  a  con- 
tinuance of  the  great  favor  with  which  it  has  been  everywhere  received.  Professors  desirous  of 
adopting  it  for  their  classes  may  rely  on  being  always  able  to  procure  editions  brought  up  to  the 
day. 

This  book  is  well  known  for  the  beauty  and  accuracy  of  its  mechanical  execution.  The  present 
edition  is  an  improvement  over  the  last,  both  in  the  number  and  clearness  of  its  embellishments; 
it  is  bound  in  the  best  manner  in  strong  sheep,  and  is  sold  at  a  price  which  renders  it  accessible 
to  all. 


CONDIE  ON  CHILDREN.— New  Edition,  1847. 
A  PRACTICAl7TREATISE  ON 
THE     DISEASES     OF     CHILDREN. 

BY  D.  FRANCIS  CONDIE,  M.  D, 

Fellow  of  the  College  of  Physicians,  Member  of  the  American  Philosophical  Society,  &c. 
In  one  large  octavo  volume. 
irj.  Tne  publishers  would  particularly  call  the  attention  of  the  profession  to  an  examination  of  this  book. 
In  the  preparation  of  a  new  edition  of  the  present  treatise,  every  part  of  the  work  has  been  subjected  to  a 
rareful  revision'  several  portions  have  been 'entirely  rewritten:   while,   throughout,  numerous  additions 
have  been  made   comprising  all  the  more  important  facts,  in  reference  to  the  nature,  diagnosis,  and  treat- 
ment of  the  diseases  of  infancy  and  childhood,  that  have  been  developed  since  the  appearance  of  the  first 
"rti   „n      T,  i«  with  some  confidence  that  the  author  presents  this  edition  as  embracing  a  full  and  connected 
view  of  the  actual  state  of  the  pathology  and  therapeutics  of  those  affections  which  most  usually  occur  be- 

tWTn?s  workTs^emglmroduced,  as  a  text-book,  very  extensively  throughout  the  Union. 

CHURCHILL  ON  FEMALES.    New  Edition,  1847.— Now  Ready. 

THE  DISEASEToF  FEMALES, 

INCLUDING  THOSE  OF 

PREGNANCY  AND    CHILDBED. 

BY  FLEETWOOD   CHURCHILL,  M   D, 

Author  of  "Theory  and  Practice  of  Midwifery."  &c.  &c. 

FOURTH  AMERICAN,  FROM  THE  SECOND  LONDON  EDITION,  WITH  ILLUSTRATIONS. 

EDITED,    WITH    NOTES, 

BY    ROBERT     M.      HUSTON,    M.D.,  4c.4c. 
In  one  volume,  8vo. 

•j    „i„  r.r  iv,,^»  options  of  this  valuable  work,  stamp  it  so  emphatically  with  the  approbation  of  the 
Tlie  rapid  sale  othreeeo  i«         publishers  in  presenting  a  fourth  deem  it  merely  necessary  to  observe, 
profession  otiiiscoumry.u  .       ^^  ^  deficiencies  which  may  have  existed  in  former 

gS^S  bring  the  ^  fully  up  to  the  date  of  publication. 


12  LEA   &  BLANCHARD'S   PUBLICATIONS. 

LIBRARY  OF  OPHTHALMIC  MEDICINE  AND  SURGERY. 
Brought   up  to  1847. 

A  TREATISE  ON  THEllSEASES  OF  THE  EYE. 

BY    W.    LAWRENCE,    F.R.S., 

Surgeon  Extraordinary  to  the  Queen,  Surgeon  to  St.  Bartholomew's  Hospital,  &c.  &c. 
A     NEW     EDITION, 

With  many  Modifications  and  Additions,  and  the  Introduction  of  nearly  two  hundred  Illustrations. 

BY     ISAAC     HA  YS,    M.  D., 

Surgeon  to  Wills'  Hospital,  Physician  to  the  Philadelphia  Orphan  Asylum,  &c.  &c. 

In  one  very  large  octavo  volume  of  near  900  pages,  with  twelve  plates  and  numerous  wood-cuts  through 

the  text. 

This  is  among  the  largest  and  most  complete  works  on  this  interesting  and  difficult  branch  of  Medica 
Science. 

The  early  call  for  a  new  edition  of  this  work,  confirms  the  opinion  expressed  by  the  editor  of  its  great 
value,  and  has  stimulated  him  to  renewed  exertions  to  increase  its  usefulness  to  practitioners,  by  incorporat-' 
mg  in  it  the  recent  improvements  in  Ophthalmic  Practice.  In  availing  himself,  as  he  has  freely  done,  of 
the  observations  and  discoveries  of  his  fc llow-laborers  in  the  same  field,  the  editor  has  endeavored  to  do  so 
with  entire  fairness,  always  awarding  to  others  what  justly  belongs  to  them.  Among  the  additions  which 
have  been  made,  may  be  noticed,— the  descriptions  of  several  affections  not  treated  of  in  the  original. — an 
account  of  the  catoptric  examination  of  the  eye.  and  of  its  employment  as  a  means  of  diagnosis.— one  hun- 
dred and  seventy-six  illustrations,  some  of  them  trom  original  drawings,— and  a  very  full  index.  There  have 
also  been  introduced  in  the  several  chapters  on  the  more  important  diseases,  the  results  of  the  editor's  ex- 
perience in  regard  to  their  treatment,  derived  from  more  than  a  (juarterof  acentury'sdevotiou  to  the  subject, 
during  all  of  which  period  he  has  been  attached  to  some  public  institution  for  the  treatmentof  diseases  of  the 
eye. 

"  We  think  there  are  few  medical  works  which  could  be  so  generally  acceptable  as  this  one  will  be  to  the 
profession  on  this  side  of  the  Atlantic.  The  want  of  a  scientific  and  comprehensive  treatise  on  Diseases 
of  the  Kye,  has  been  much  deplored.  That  want  is  now  well  supplied.  The  reputation  of  Mr.  Lawrence 
as  an  Oculist  has  been  long  since  fully  established;  his  great  merit  consists  in  the  clearness  of  his  style 
and  the  very  practical  tenor  of  his  work.  The  value  of  the  present  beautiful  edition  is  greatly  enhanced, 
by  the  important  additions  made  by  the  editor.  Dr.  Hays  has,  for  nearly  a  quarter  of  a  century,  been  con- 
nected with  public  institutions  for  the  treatment  of  Diseases  of  the  Eye,  and  few  men  have  made  better  im- 
provement than  he  has,  of  such  extensive  opportunities  of  acquiring  a  thorough  knowledge  of  the  subject. 
The  wood-cuts  are  executed  with  great  accuracy  and  beauty,  and  no  man,  who  pretends  to  treat  diseases 
of  the  eye,  should  be  without  this  work."— Lancet. 


JONES  ON  THE  EYE,    Now  Ready, 

THE  PRINCIPLES~AND  PRACTICE 
OF  OPHTHALMIC  MEDICINE  AND  SURGERY. 

By  T.  WHARTON  JONES,  F.R.S.,  &c.  &c. 

■WITH    ONE    HUNDRED    AND    TEN    ILLUSTRATIONS. 

EDITED  BY  ISAAC  HAYS,  M.  D.,  &c. 

In  One  very  neat  Volume,  large  royal  12mo.,  with  Four  Plates,  plain  or  colored,  and  Ninety- 
eight  well  executed  Wood-cuts. 

This  volume  will  be  found  to  occupy  a  place  hitherto  unfilled  in  this  department  of  medical  science. 
The  aim  of  the  author  has  been  to  produce  a  work  which  should,  in  a  moderate  compass,  be  suffi- 
cient to  serve  both  as  a  convenient  text-book  for  students  and  as  a  book  of  reference  for  practitioners, 
suitable  for  those  who  do  not  desire  to  possess  the  larger  and  encyclopaedic  treatises,  such  as 
Lawrence's.  Thus,  by  great  attention  to  conciseness  of  expression,  a  strict  adherence  to  arrange- 
ment, and  the  aid  of  numerous  pictorial  illustrations,  he  has  been  enabled  to  embody  in  it  the  prin- 
ciples of  ophthalmic  medicine,  and  to  point  out  their  practical  application  more  fully  than  has 
been  done  in  any  other  publication  of  the  same  size.  The  execution  of  the  work  will  be  found 
to  correspond  with  its  merit.  The  illustrations  have  been  engraved  and  printed  with  care,  and  the 
whole  is  confidently  presented  as  in  every  way  worthy  the  attention  of  the  profession. 

"  We  are  confident  that  the  reader  will  find,  on  perusal,  that  the  execution  of  the  work  amply  fulfils  the 
promise  of  the  preface,  and  sustains,  in  every  point,  the  already  high  reputation  of  the  author  as  an  ophthal- 
mic surgeon,  as  well  as  a  physiologist  and  pathologist.  The  book  is  evidently  the  result  of  much  labor  and 
research,  and  has  been  written  with  the  greatest  care  and  attention  ;  it  possesses  that  best  quality  which  a 
general  work,  like  a  system,  or  manual,  can  show,  viz :— the  quality  of  having  all  the  materials  whenceso- 
ever  derived,  so  thoroughly  wrought  up,  and  digested  in  the  author's  mind,  as  to  come  forth  with  the  freshness 
and  impressiveness  of  an  original  production.  We  regret  that  we  have  received  the  book  at  so  late  a  period 
as  precludes  our  giving  more  than  a  mere  notice  of  it,  as  although  essentially  and  necessarily  a  compilation, 
it  contains  many  things  which  we  should  he  glad  to  reproduce  in  our  pages,  whether  in  the  shape  of  new 
pathological  views,  of  old  errors  corrected,  or  of  sound  principles  of  practice  in  doubtful  cases  clearly  laid 
down.  But  we  dare  say  most  of  our  readers  will  shortly  have  an  opportunity  of  seeing  these  in  their  original 
locality,  as  we  entertain  little  doubt  that  this  book  will  become  what  its  author  hoped  it  might  become,  a 
manual  for  daily  reference  and  consultation  by  the  student  and  the  general  practitioner.  The  work  is 
marked  by  that  correctness,  clearness  and  precision  of  style  which  distinguish  all  the  productions  of  thr 
learned  author.''—  Tht  British  and  Foreign  Medical  Review. 


LEA  &   BLANCIIARD'S  PUBLICATIONS.  13 


NEW  AND  COMPLETE  MEDICAL  BOTANY. 

NOW    READY. 

medicalIotany, 

OR,  A  DESCRIPTION  OF  ALL  THE  MORE  IMPORTANT  PLANTS  USED  IN 

MEDICINE,    AND    OF    THEIR    PROPERTIES,    USES    AND 

MODES  OF  ADMINISTRATION. 

BY  R.  EGLESFELD  GRIFFITH,  M.D.    &c.  &c. 

In  one  large  octavo  volume. 

With  about  three  hundred  and  fifty  Illustrations  on  Wood. 
Specimens  of  the  Cuts  are  annexed,  but  not  so  well  printed  as  in  the  work,  nor  on  as  good  paper. 

This  work  is  intended  to  supply  a  want  long  felt  in  this  country,  of  some  treatise  present- 
ing correct  systematic  descriptions  of  medicinal  plants,  accompanied  by  representations  of 
the  most  important  of  them,  and  furnished  at  a  price  so  moderate  as  to  render  it  generally 
accessible  and  useful.  In  the  arrangement,  the  author  has  treated  more  fully  of  those 
plants  which  are  known  to  be  of  the' greatest  importance;  and  more  especially  of  such  as 
are  of  native  origin;  while  others,  rarely  used,  are  briefly  noticed,  or  mentioned  only  by 
name.  In  all  cases,  the  technical  descriptions  are  drawn  up  in  accordance  with  the  existing 
state  of  botanical  knowledge,  and  in  order  that  these  maybe  fully  appreciated,  even  by  those 
not  proficients  in  the  science,  an  Introduction  has  been  prepared,  containing  a  concise  view 
of  Vegetable  Physiology,  and  the  Anatomy  and  Chemistry  of  Plants.  Besides  this,  a  very 
copious  Glossary  of  botanical  terms  has  been  appended,  together  with  a  most  complete 
Index,  giving  not  only  the  scientific  but  also  the  common  names  of  the  species  noticed  in 
it.  It  will  thus  be  seen  that  the  work  presents  a  view  not  only  of  the  properties  and  medical 
virtues  of  the  various  species  of  the  vegetable  world,  but  also  of  their  organization,  compo- 
sition and  classification. 

To  the  student,  who  is  really  anxious  to  study  Botany  for  those  great  purposes  which  ren- 
der it  so  necessary  for  the  advancement  of  Medical  Science,  and  who  has  been  obliged  to 
rest  satisfied  with  such  imperfect  knowledge  as  can  be  obtained  from  the  different  treatises 
on  the  Materia  Medica,  the  present  work  will  be  of  great  utility  as  a  text-book  and  guide  in 
his  researches,  as  it  presents  in  a  condensed  form,  all  that  is  at  present  known  respecting 
those  vegetable  substances  which  are  employed  to  alleviate  suffering  and  to  minister  to  the 
wants  of  man.  It  will  also  be  found  extremely  convenient  to  practitioners  through  the 
country,  who  are  anxious  to  obtain  a  knowledge  of  the  medicinal  plants  occurring  in  their 
vicinity,  and  who  are  unwilling  to  procure  the  scarce  and  high-priced  works  which  are  at 
present  the  only  ones  accessible  on  this  important  branch  of  medical  knowledge. 

Great  care  has  been  taken  to  render  the  mechanical  execution  satisfactory. 

NOW     PREPARING, 
AND     TO     BE     READY     BY    AUGUST    NEXT, 

AN  ANALYTICAL  COMPEND  OF  THE  VARIOUS  BRANCHES  OF 

PRACTICAL  MEDICINE,  SO^OEeY,  ANATOMY, 

MIDWIFERY,  DISEASES  OF  WOMEN  AND  CHILDREN, 
Jflattria  Jfledica  anil  Therapeutics,  Physiology, 

©SIH MERUIT   MD    IFKIAIJIA©?, 

BY  JOHN  NEILL,  M.D, 

Demonstrator  of  Anatomy  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  and 

F.    GURNEY    SMITH,    M.D., 

Lecturer  on  Physiology  in  the  Philadelphia  Association  for  Medical  Instruction. 
T    make  one  large  royal  Duodecimo  volume,  with  numerous  Illustrations  on  Wood. 
Tf   s  the  intention  of  the  publishers  to  pnge  this  work  in  such  a  way,  that  it  can  be  done  up  in 
'  te  divisions    and  in  paper  to  go  by  mail;  no  one  division  will  cost  over  50  cents,  thus  pre- 
8ePtiWJ  separate  MANUALS  on  the  various  branches  of  medicine,  and  at  a  very  low  price. 

■    c  .  ■■•••  .    jt-** 


SPECIMEN  OF  THE  ILLUSTRATIONS  IN 

GRIFFITH'S   MEDICAL   BOTANY. 


LEA  &  BLANCHARD'S  PUBLICATIONS.  15 

THFgSeat  medical  library. 
the  cyclop/edia  of  practical  medicine; 

COMPRISING  TREATISES  ON  THE 

NATURE  AND  TREATMENT  OF  DISEASES, 

MATERIA  MEDICA  AND  THERAPEUTICS, 

DISEASES  OE  WOMEN  AND  CHILDREN, 
MEDICAL  JURISPRUDENCE,  &c.  &c. 

EDITED  BT 

JOHN  FORBES,  M.  D.,  F.R.S., 
ALEXANDER   TWEEDIE,   M.D.,   F.R.S., 

AND 

JOHN   CONOLLY,   M.D. 

REVISED,  WITH  ADDITIONS, 

By  ROBLEY  DUNGLISON,  M.  D. 

THIS  WORK  IS  NOW  COMPLETE,  AND  FORMS 

FOUR  LARGE  SUPER-ROYAL,  OCTAVO  VOLUMES. 

CONTAINING  THIRTY-TWO  HUNDRED  AND  FIFTY-FOUR 

UNUSUALLY  LARGE  PAGES  IN  DOUBLE  COLUMNS, 

PRINTED  ON  GOOD  PAPER,  WITH  A  NEW  AND  CLEAR  TYPE. 

THE  WHOLE  WELL  AND  STRONGLY  BOUND, 

WITH  RAISED  BANDS  AND  DOUBLE  TITLES. 

Or,  to  he  had  in  twenty-four  parts,  at  Fifty  Cents  each. 

For  a  list  of  Articles  and  Authors,  together  with  opinions  of  the  press,  see  Supplement  to  the  No- 
vember number  of  the  Medical  News  and  Library  for  1845. 

This  work  having  been  completed  and  placed  before  the  profession,  has 
been  steadily  advancing  in  favor  with  all  classes  of  physicians.  The  nu- 
merous advantages  which  it  combines,  beyond  those  of  any  other  work  ;  the 
weight  which  each  article  carries  with  it,  as  being  the  production  of  some 
physician  of  acknowledged  reputation  who  has  devoted  himself  especially 
to  the  subject  confided  to  him;  the  great  diversity  of  topics  treated  of;  the 
compendiousness  with  which  everything  of  importance  is  digested  into  a 
comparatively  small  space  ;  the  manner  in  which  it  has  been  brought  up 
to  the  day  everything  necessary  to  the  American  practitioner  having  been 
added  by  Dr.  Dunglison  ;  the  neatness  of  its  mechanical  execution;  and 
the  extremely  low  price  at  which  it  is  afforded,  combine  to  render  it  one  of 
the  most  attractive  works  now  before  the  profession.  As  a  book  for  con- 
stant and  reliable  reference,  it  presents  advantages  which  are  shared  by  no 
other  work  of  the  kind.  To  country  practitioners,  especially,  it  is  abso- 
lutelv  invaluable,  comprising  in  a  moderate  space,  and  trifling  cost,  the 
matter  for  which  they  would  have  to  accumulate  libraries,  when  removed 
from  public  collections.  The  steady  and  increasing  demand  with  which 
it  has  been  favored  since  its  completion,  shows  that  its  merits  have  been 
appreciated,  and  that  it  is  now  universally  considered  as  the 

LIBRARY  FOR  CONSULTATION  AND  REFERENCE. 


a  rxabnifzceivt  and  cheap  work. 

SMITH  &  HORNER'S  ANATOMICAL  ATLAS, 

Just  Published,  Price  Five  Dollars  in  Parts. 


AN 

ANATOMICAL    ATLAS 

ILLUSTRATIVE  OF  THE  STRUCTURE  OF  THE  HUMAN  BODY. 

BY  HENRY  H.  SMITH,  M.D., 

Fellow  of  the  College  of  Physicians,  $c. 
UNDER  THE  SUPERVISION  OF 

WILLIAM  E.  HORNER,  M.  D., 

Professor  of  Anatomy  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania. 

In  One  la'rge  Volume,  Imperial  Octavo. 

This  work  is  but  just  completed,  hnving  been  delayed  over  the  time  inlended  by  the  great  difficulty  in  giving 
to  the  illustrations  the  desired  finish  and  perfection.     It  consists  of  five  pans,  whose  contents  are  as  follows: 

Part     I.  The  Hones  and  Ligaments,  with  one  hundred  and  thirty  engravings. 

Part   II.  The  Muscular  and  Dermoid  Systems,  witli  ninety-one  engravings. 

Part  III.  The  Organs  of  Digestion  and  Generation,  with  one  hundred  and  ninety-one  engravings. 

Part  IV.  The  Organs  of  Respiration  and  Circulation,  with  ninety-eight  engravings. 

Part   V.  The  Nervous  System  and  the  Senses,  with  one  hundred  and  twenty-six  engravings. 
Forming  altogether  a  complete  System  of  Anatomical  Plates,  of  nearly 

SIX   HUNDRED   AND   FIFTY   FIGURES, 
executed  in  the  best  style  of  art,  and  making  one  iarge  imperial  octavo  volume.    Those  who  do  not  want  it  in 
parts  can  have  the  work  bound  in  extra  cloth  or  sheep  at  an  extra  cost. 

This  work  possesses  novelty  both  in  the  design  and  the  execution.  It  is  the  first  attempt  to  apply  engraving 
on  wood,  on  a  large  scale,  to  the  illustration  of  human  anatomy,  and  the  beauty  of  the  parts  issued  induces  the 
publishers  to  flatter  themselves  with  the  hope  of  the  perfect  success  of  their  undertaking.  The  plan  of  the 
work  is  at  once  novel  and  convenient.  Each  page  is  perfect  in  itself,  the  references  being  immediately  under 
the  figures,  so  that  the  eye  takes  in  the  whole  at  a  glance,  and  obviates  the  necessity  of  continual  reference 
backwards  and  forwards.  The  cuts  are  selected  from  the  best  and  most  accurate  sources ;  and,  where  neces- 
sary, original  drawings  have  been  made  from  the  admirable  Anatomical  Collection  of  the  University  of  Penn 
sylvania.  It  embraces  all  the  late  beautiful  discoveries  arising  from  the  use  of  the  microscope  in  tiie  investi- 
gation of  the  minute  structure  of  the  tissues. 

In  the  getting  up  of  this  very  complete  work,  the  publishers  have  spared  neither  p^ins  nor  expense,  and  they 
now  present  it  to  the  profession,  with  the  full  confidence  that  it  will  be  deemed  all  that  is  wanted  in  a  scientific 
and  arlistical  point  of  view,  while,  at  the  same  tune,  its  very  low  price  places  it  within  the  reach  of  all. 

It  is  particularly  adapted  to  supply  llie  place  of  skeletons  or  subjects,  as  the  profession  will  see  by  cxamini?ig  the  list 
of  plates 


"  These  figures  are  well  selected,  and  present  n  complete  and  accurate  representation  of  that  wonderful  fabric, 
the  human  body.  The  plan  of  this  Alias,  which  renders  it  so  peculiarly  convenient  for  the  student,  and  its 
superb  arlistical  execution,  have  been  already  pointed  out.  We  must  congratulate  the  student  upon  the 
completion  of  this  atlas,  as  it  is  the  most  convenient  work  of  the  kind  that  iias  yet  appeared;  and,  we  must 
add.  the  very  beautiful  manner  in  which  it  is  'got  up'  is  so  creditable  to  the  country  as  to  be  flattering  to  our 
national  pride." — American  Medical  Journal. 

"This  is  an  exquisite  volume,  and  a  beautiful  specimen  of  art.  We  have  numerous  Anatomical  Atlases, 
but  we  will  venture  to  say  that  none  equal  it  in  cheapness,  and  none  surpass  it  in  faithfulness  and  spirit.  AA'e 
strongly  recommend  to  our  friends,  both  urban  and  suburban,  the  purchase  of  this  excellent  work,  for  which 
both  editor  and  publisher  deserve  the  thanks  of  the  profession."— Medical  Examiner. 

•'We  would  stronglv  recommend  it,  not  only  to  the  student,  but  also  to  the  working  practitioner,  who, 
although  grown  rusty  in  the  toils  of  his  harness  still  has  the  desire,  and  often  the  necessity,  of  refreshing  his 
knowledge  in  this  fundamental  part  of  the  science  of  medicine." — New  York  Journal  of  Medicine  and  Surg. 

"The  plan  of  this  Atlas  is  admirable,  and  its  execution  superior  to  any  thing  of  the  kind  before  published  in 
this  country.  Il  is  a  real  labour-saving  alfair,  and  we  regard  its  publication  as  the  greulest  boon  that  could  be 
conferred  on  the  student  of  anatomy.  It  will  be  equally  valuable  to  the  practitioner,  by  affording  him  an  easy 
means  of  recalling  the  details  learned  in  the  dissecting  room,  and  which  are  soon  forgotten." — American  Medi- 
cal Journal. 

"It  is  a  beautiful  as  well  as  particularly  useful  design,  which  should  be  extensively  patronized  by  physicians, 
surgeons  and  medical  students." — Boston  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal. 

"It  has  been  the  aim  or  the  author  of  the  Atlas  to  comprise  in  it  the  valuable  points  of  all  previous  works,  to 
embrace  the  latest  microscopical  observations  on  the  anatomy  of  the  tissues,  and  by  placing  it  at  a  moderate 
price  to  enable  all  to  acquire  it  who  may  need  its  assistance  hi  the  dissecting  or  operating  room,  or  other  field 
of  practice." — Wlster*  Journal  of  Med.  and  Surgery. 

"These  numbers  complete  the  series  of  this  beautiful  work,  which  fully  merits  the  praise  bestowed  upon  the 
earlier  numbers.  We  regard  all  ihe  engravings  as  possessing  an  accuracy  only  equalled  by  their  beauty, 
and  cordially  recommend  the  work  to  all  engaged  in  the  study  of  anatomy." — New  York  Journal  of ' Muticine 
and  Surgery. 

"A  more  elegant  work  than  the  one  before  us  could  not  easily  be  placed  by  a  physician  upon  the  table  of 
his  student.* — Western  Journal  of  Medicine  and  Surgery. 

"AVe  were  much  pleased  with  Part  I,  but  the  Second  Part  gratifies  us  still  more,  both  as  regards  the  attract- 
ive nature  of  the  subject,  (The  Dermoid  and  Muscular  Systems.)  and  the  beautiful  arlistical  execution  of  the 
.llustrations.  \Ve  have  here  delineated  the  most  accurate  microscopic  views  of  some  of  the  tissues,  as,  for 
Instance,  the  cellular  and  adipose  tissues,  the  epidermis,  rete  mueosum  and  cutis  vera,  the  sebaceous  and 
perspiratory  organs  of  the  skin,  the  perspiralory  glands  and  ha.rsof  the  skin,  and  the  hair  and  nails.  Then 
follows  the  'general  anatomy  of  the  muscles,  and.  lastly,  their  separate  delineations.  We  would  recommend 
this  Anatomical  Atlas  looiir  readers  in  the  very  strongest  terms." — New  York  Journal  of  Medicine  and  Sur- 
geru. 


LEA  &  BLANCHARD'S  PUBLICATIONS.  1? 


NEW  EDITION. 

SPECIAL  ANATOMY"  AND   HISTOLOGY. 

BY  WILLIAM  E.  HORNER,  M.D., 

PROFESSOB.  OF  ANATOMY  IN  THE  UNIVERSITY  OS  PENNSYLVANIA,  &C,  &C. 

Seventh  edition. 

With  many  improvements  and  additions.    In  two  octavo  volumes,  with  illustrations  on 

wood. 

This  standard  work  has  been  so  long  before  the  profession,  and  has  been  so  extensively 
used,  that,  in  announcing  the  new  edition,  it  is  only  necessary  to  state,  that  it  has  under- 
gone a  most  careful  revision  ;  the  author  has  introduced  many  illustrations  relating  to  Mi- 
croscopical Anatomy,  and  has  added  a  large  amount  of  text  on  those  various  points  of 
investigation  that  are  rapidly  advancing  and  attracting  so  much  attention.  This  new  edition 
has  been  arranged  to  refer  conveniently  to  the  illustrations  in  Smith  and  Horner's  Anato- 
mical Atlas. 

"The  name  of  Professor  Horner  is  a  sufficient  voucher  for  the  fidelity  and  accuracy  of 
any  work  on  anatomy,  but  if  any  further  evidence  could  be  required  of  the  value  of  the  pre- 
sent publication,  it  is  afforded  by  the  fact  of  its  having  reached  a  seventh  edition.  It  is 
altogether  unnecessary  now  to  inquire  into  the  particular  merits  of  a  work  which  has  been 
so  long  before  the  profession,  and  is  so  well  known  as  the  present  one,  but  in  announcing  a 
new  edition,  it  is  proper  to  state  that  it  has  undergone  several  modifications,  and  has  been 
much  extended,  so  as  to  place  it  on  a  level  with  the  existing  advanced  stale  of  anatomy. — 
The  histological  portion  has  been  remodelled  and  rewritten  since  the  last  edition;  numerous 
wood  cuts  have  been  introduced,  and  specific  references  are  made  throughout  the  work  to 
the  beautiful  figures  in  the  Anatomical  Atlas,  by  Dr.  H.  H.  Smith." — The  American  Medical 
Journal,  for  January,  1847. 


HORNS  R'SJDISSBCTOR. 

THE  UNITED  STATES  DISSECTOR, 

BEING  A   NEW  EDITION,  WITH   EXTENSIVE   MODIFICATIONS, 
AND  ALMOST  REWRITTEN,  OF 

«UORJVEU>8  PRACTICAL,  J^TO^TIV' 

IN  ONE  VERY  NEAT  VOLUME,  ROYAL  12mo. 
With  many  Illustrations  on  Wood. 

The  numerous  alterations  and  additions  which  this  work  has  undergone,  the  improve- 
ments which  have  been  made  in  it,  and  the  numerous  wood-cuts  which  have  been  intro- 
duced, render  it  almost  a  new  work.  .,  . 

It  is  the  standard  work  for  the  Students  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania. 

Some  such  guide-book  as  the  above  is  indispensable  to  the  student  in  he  dissecting  room, 
and  this  prepared  by  one  of  the  most  accurate  of  our  anatomists,  may  claim  to  combine  as 
manv  adJanta-es  J  any  other  extant.  It  has  been  so  favorably  received  that  the  pub  ish- 
?rs  have  issued  the  fourth  edition,  which  comes  forth  embellished  by  various  wood  cuts.- 
The  codV for  which  we  are  indebted  to  the  publishers,  although  received  by  us  a  fortnight 
sin« T.ves  p  oof  in  its  appearance  that  it  has  already  seen  service  at  the  dissecting  table, 
whe";  studen^have  found  it  a  valuable  guide.-  The  Western  Journal  of  Medicine  and  Sur- 

gery-  . 

HOPE  ON  THE  HEART.     N  EW_EDITION,  JUST  PUBLISHED. 

A  TREATISE  ON  THE  DISEASES 

OF   TRIE   HEART   AND   GKEAT   VESSELS, 

AND  ON  THE  AFFECTIONS  WHICH  MAY  BE  MISTAKEN  FOR  THEM. 

■  •      .1         „     >=  „ip«r  nf  the  Physiology  of  the  Heart's  Action  and  Sounds  as  demonstrated  by  his  ex- 

Compnsmg  the  "Jj^^^SES  Sounds  in  1830  and  on  .he  Sounds  in  1834-5. 

BY  J.  HOPE,  M.  D,  F.  R.  S  ,  &c.  &c. 

Second  American  from  the  third  London  edition.    With  Notes  and  a  Detail  of  Recent  Experiments. 

BY  C.  W.  PENNOCK,  M.D.,  &c. 

In  one  octavo  volume  of  nearly  six  hundred  pages  wiih    thographic  plates. 


18 LEA  &,  BLANCHARD'S  PUBLICATIONS. 

WORKSTbyI^ROFESSOR  W.  P.  DEWEEST 

NEW    EDITIONS. 

DEWEES^MIDWIFERY. 

A  COMPREHENSIVE  SYSTEM  OF  MIDWIFERY. 

CHIEFLY  DESIGNED    TO  FACILITATE  THE  INQUIRIES  OF  THOSE  WHO  MAY  BE  PUR- 
SUING THIS  BRANCH  OF  STUDY. 
ILLUSTRATED  BY  OCCASIONAL  CASES  AND  MANY  ENGRAVINGS. 
Eleventh  Edition,  with  the  Author's  last  Improvements  and  Corrections. 

BY  WILLIAM  P.  DEWEES,  M.D., 

LATE  PROFESSOR  OF  MIDWIFERY  IN  THE  UNIVERSITY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA,  ETC. 
In  one  volume,  octavo. 
"  That  this  work,  notwithstanding  the  length  of  time  it  has  been  before  the  profession,  and  the  numerous  treat- 
ises that  have  appeared  since  it  was  written,  should  have  still  maintained  its  ground,  and  passed  to  edition  after 
edition,  is  sufficient  proof  that  in  it  the  practical  talents  of  the  author  were  fully  placed  before  the  profes- 
sion. Of  the  book  itself  it  would  be  superfluous  to  speak,  having  been  so  long  and  so  favorably  known  through- 
out the  country  as  to  have  become  identified  with  American  Obstetrical  Science. 

DEWEES  ON  FEMALES. 

A  TREATISE  ON  THE  "DISEASES  OF  FEMALES, 

BY  WILLIAM  P.  DEWEES,  M.D.,  &c, 

LATE  PROFESSOR  OF  MIDWIFERY  IN  THE  UNIVERSITY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA,  ETC. 

EIGHTH  EDITION, 
With  the  Author's  last  Improvements  and  Corrections. 

In  one  octavo  volume,  with  plates. 

D  E  WEES    ON    CHILDR  E  N. 

A  TREATISE  ON  THE 

PHYSICAL  AND  MEDICAL  TREATMENT  OF  CHILDREN, 

BY  WILLIAM  P.  DEWEES,  M.D., 

LATE  PROFESSOR  OF  MIDWIFERY  IN  THE  UNIVERSITY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA,  ETC.  ETC. 

NINTH    EDITION. 

In  one  volume  octavo. 

This  edition  embodies  the  notes  and  additions  prepared  by  Dr.  Dewees  before  his  death,  and  will  be  fonnd 
much  improved. 

The  objects  of  this  work  are,  1st.  to  teach  those  who  have  the  charge  of  children,  either  as  parent  or  guardian, 
the  most  approved  methods  of  securing  and  improving  their  physical  powers.  This  is  attempted  by  pointing 
out  the  duties  which  the  parent  or  the  guardian  owes  for  this  purpose,  to  this  interesting  but  helpless  class  of 
beings,  and  the  manner  by  which  their  duties  shall  be  fulfilled.  And  2d,  to  render  available  a  long  experience 
to  those  objects  of  our  affection  when  they  become  diseased.  In  attempting  this,  the  author  has  avoided  as 
much  as  possible,  "technicality,"  and  has  given,  if  he  does  not  flatter  himself  too  much  to  each  disease  of 
which  he  treats,  its  appropriate  and  designating  characters,  with  a  fidelity  that  will  prevent  any  two  being 
confounded  together,  with  the  best  mode  of  treating  them,  that  either  his  own  experience  or  that  of  others  has 
suggested. 

Physicians  cannot  too  strongly  recommend  the  use  of  this  book  in  all  families. 

ASHWELL  ON  THE  DISEASES  OF  FEMALES. 

A  PRACTICAL  TREATISE  ON  THE 

DISEASES  PECULIAR  TO  WOMEN. 

ILLUSTRATED  BY  CASES 
DERIVED    FROM    HSPOITAL   AND    PRIVATE    PRACTICE. 

By  SAMUEL  ASHWELL,  M.D., 

Member  of  the  Royal  College  of  Physicians;  Obstetric  Physician  and  Lecturer  to  Guy's  Hospital,  &c. 

Edited  by  PAUL  BECK  GODDARD,  M.  D. 

The  whole  complete  in  one  large  octavo  volume. 
"  The  most  able,  and  certainly  the  most  standard  and  practical  work  on  female  diseases  that  we 
have  yet  seen." — Medico-Chirurgical  Review. 


LEA  &  BLANCHARD'S  PUBLICATIONS.  19 


WATSON'S  PRACTICE  OF  PHYSIC. 

NEW    EDITION    BY   CONDIE. 
LECTURES    ON    THE 

PRINCIPLES  AND  PRACTICE  OF  PHYSIC. 

DELIVERED  AT  KING'S  COLLEGE,  LONDON, 

By  THOMAS  WATSON,  M.D.,  &c.  &c. 
Second  American,  from  the  Second  London  Edition. 

REVISED,  WITH  ADDITIONS, 

BY   D.   FRANCIS   CONDIE,   M.  D., 

Author  of  a  work  on  the  "Diseases  of  Children,"  &c. 

In  One  Octavo  Volume 
Of  nearly  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  Large  Pages,  strongly  bound  with  raised  bands. 
The  rapid  sale  of  the  first  edition  of  this  work  is  an  evidence  of  its  merits,  and  of  its  general  favor  with  the 
American  practitioner.  To  commend  it  still  more  strongly  to  the  profession,  the  publishers  have  gone  to  a 
great  expense  in  preparing  this  edition  with  larger  type,  finer  paper,  and  stronger  binding  with  raised  bands. 
It  is  edited  with  reference  particularly  to  American  practice,  by  Dr.  Condie;  and  with  these  numerous  im- 
provements the  price  is  still  kept  so  low  as  to  be  within  the  reach  of  all,  and  to  render  it  among  the  cheapest 
•works  ottered.to  the  profession.  It  has  been  received  with  the  utmost  favor  by  the  medical  press,  both  of  this 
country  and  of  England,  a  few  of  the  notices  of  which,  together  with  a  letter  from  Professor  Chapman,  are 
submitted.  r        ' 

Philadelphia,  September  27th,  1844. 
Watson's  Practice  of  Physic,  in  my  opinion,  is  among  the  most  comprehen- 
sive works  on  the  subject  extant,  replete  with  curious  and  important  matter,  and 
written  with  great  perspicuity  and  felicity  of  manner.  As  calculated  to  do  much 
good,  I  cordially  recommend  it  to  that  portion  of  the  profession  in  this  country 
who  may  be  influenced  by  my  judgment. 

N.  CHAPMAN,  M.D., 

Professor  of  the  Practice  and  Theory  of  Medicine  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania. 

"We  know  of  no  work  better  calculated  for  being  placed  in  the  hands  of  the  student,  and  for  a  text-book,  and 
as  such  we  are  sure  it  will  be  very  extensively  adopted.  On  every  important  point  the  author  seems  to  have 
posted  up  his  knowledge  to  the  day." — American  MedicalJournal. 

One  of  the  most  practically  useful  books  that  ever  was  presented  to  the  student — indeed  a  more  admirable 
summary  of  general  and  special  pathology,  and  of  the  application  of  therapeutics  to  diseases,  we  are  free  to 
say  has  not  appeared  for  very  many  years.  The  lecturer  proceeds  through  the  whole  classification  of  human 
ills,  acapite  adcalcem,  showing  at  every  step  an  extensive  knowledge  of  his  subject,  with  the  ability  of  commu- 
nicating his  precise  ideas  in  a  style  remarkable  for  its  clearness  and  simplicity." — N.  Y  Journal  of  Medi- 
cine and  Surgery. 

"  We  are  free  to  state  that  a  careful  examination  of  this  volume  has  satisfied  us  that  it  merits  all  the  com- 
mendation bestowed  on  it  in  this  country  and  at  home.  It  is  a  work  adapted  to  the  wants  of  young  practi- 
tioners, combining  as  it  does,  sound  principles  and  substantial  practice.  It  is  not  too  much  to  say  that  it  is  a 
representative  of  the  actual  slate  of  medicine  as  taught  and  practised  by  the  most  eminent  physicians  of  the 
present  day,  and  as  such  we  would  advise  everyone  about  embarking  in  the  practice  of  physic  to  provide  him- 
self with  a  copy  of  it." — Western  Journal  of  Medicine  and  Surgery. 


VOGEL'S   PATHOLOGICAL  ANATOMY. 

THE 

PATHOLOGICAL  ANATOMY  OE  THE  HUMAN  BODY. 

By  JULIUS  VOGEL,  M.D.,  &c. 

TRANSLATED  FROM  THE  GERMAN,  WITH  ADDITIONS, 

By  GEORGE  E.  DAY,  M.D.,  &c. 

JrllustratetJ  &»  uptoarTis  of  ®ne  7i}imT>reTj  33 lain  antt  Colore*  Hnjjrabfngs. 

In  One  neat  Octavo  Volume. 

Tn  our  last  number  we  gave  a  pretty  full  analysis  of  the  original  of  this  very  valuable  work,  to  which  we 
•n  "t  refer  the  reader  We  have  only  to  add  here  our  opinion  that  the  translator  has  performed  his  task  in  an 
excellent  manner,  and  has  enriched  the  work  with  many  valuable  additions.—  The  British  and  Foreign  Medical 

It'ifTdecidedly  the  best  work  on  the  subject  of  which  it  treats  in  the  English  language,  and  Dr.  Day,  whose 
translation  is  well  executed,  has  enhanced  its  value  by  a  judicious  selection  of  the  most  important  figures  from 
the  atlas,  which  are  neatly  engraved—  The  London  Medical  Gazette. 


20  LEA.   &   BLANCHARD'S   PUBLICATIONS. 


A  NEW  EDITION  OF  TIIE  GREAT 

MEDINA  L_L  E  Z  I  0  0  IT . 

A   Dictionary  of 

MEDICAL     SCIENCE, 

CONTAINING  A  CONCISE  ACCOUNT   OF  THE  VARIOUS  SUBJECTS  AND  TERMS;   WITH  THE 
FRENCH    AND   OTHER  SVNONVMES:    NOTICES   OF  CLIMATES  AND  OF  CELE- 
BRATED MINERAL  WATERS;  FORMULAE  FOR  VARIOUS  OFFICINAL 
AND  EMPIRICAL  PREPARATIONS,  &c. 

BY  ROBLEY  DUNGLISON,  M.  D., 

PROFESSOR  OF  THE  INSTITUTES  OF  MEDICINE,  ETC.  IN  JEFFERSON  MEDICAL  COLLEGE,  PHILADELPHIA. 

Sixth  edition,  revised  and  greatly  enlarged.    In  one  royal  octavo  volume  of  over  800  very  large  pages, 
double  columns.     Strongly  hound  in  the  best  leather,  raised  bands. 

"The  most  complete  medical  dictionary  in  the  English  language."—  Wtstem  Lancet. 

"  We  think  that  'the  auibor's  anxious  wish  to  render  the  work  a  satisfactory  and  desirahle— if  not  indispen- 
sable— Lexicon,  in  which  the  student  may  search  without  disappointment  for  every  term  that  has  been 
legitimated  in  the  nomenclature  of  the  science,'  has  been  fully  accomplished.  Such  a  work  is  much  needed 
by  all  medical  students  and  young  physicians,  and  will  doubtless  continue  in  extensive  demand.  It  is  a 
lasting  monument  of  the  industry  and  literary  attainments  of  the  author,  who  has  long  occupied  the  highest 
rank  among  the  medical  teachers  of  America  " — The  New  Orleans  Medical  and  Surgical  Journal. 

*"The  simple  announcement  of  the  fact  that  Dr.  Dunglison's  Dictionary  has  reached  a  sixth  edition,  is  almost 
as  high  praise  as  could  be  bestowed  upon  it  by  an  elaborate  notice.  It  is  one  of  those  standard  works  that  have 
been  '  weighed  in  the  balance  and  (not)  been  found  wanting  '  It  has  stood  the  test  of  experience,  and  the  fre- 
quent calls  for  new  editions,  prove  conclusively  that  it  is  held  by  the  profession  and  by  students  in  the  highest 
estimation.  The  present  edition  is  not  a  mere  reprint  of  former  ones;  the  author  has  for  some  time  been 
laboriously  engaged  in  revising  and  making  such  alterations  and  additions  as  are  required  by  the  rapid  pro- 
gress of  our  science,  and  the  introduction  of  new  terms  into  out  vocabulary.  In  proof  of  this  it  is  stated  '  that 
the  present  edition  comprises  nearly  two  thousand  five  hundred  subjects  and  terms  not  contained  in  the  last. 
Many  of  these  had  been  introduced  into  medical  terminology  in  consequence  of  the  progress  of  the  science, 
and  others  had  escaped  notice  in  previous  revisions.'  We  think  that  the  earnest  wish  of  the  author  has  been 
accomplished;  and  that  he  has  succeeded  in  rendering  the  work  'a  satisfactory  and  desirable— if  not  indis- 
pensable—Lexicon,  in  which  the  student  may  search,  without  disappointment,  for  every  term  that  has  been 
legitimaied  m  the  nomenclature  of  the  science.'  This  desideratum  he  has  been  enabled  to  attempt  in  suc- 
cessive editions,  by  reason  of  the  work  not  being  stereotyped  ;  and  the  present  edition  certainly  offers  stronger 
claims  to  the  attention  of  the  practitioner  and  student,  than  any  of  its  predecessors.  The  work  is  got  up  in 
the  usual  good  taste  of  the  publishers,  and  we  recommend  it  in  full  confidence  to  all  who  have  not  yet  supplied 
themselves  with  so  indispensable  an  addition  to  their  libraries."—  The  Nero  York  Journal  of  Medicine. 

A  NEW  EDITION  OF  DUNGLISON'S  HUMAN  PHYSIOLOGY. 

HUMAN   PHYSIOLOGY, 

WITH  THREE  HUNDRED  AND  SEVENTY  ILLUSTRATIONS. 
BY  ROBLEY  DUNGLISON,  M.D., 

PROFESSOR  OF  THE  INSTITUTES  OF  MEDICINE  IN  THE  JEFFERSON  MEDICAL  COLLEGE,  PHILADELPHIA,  ETC., ETC. 

Sixth  edition,  greatly  improved. — In  two  large  octavo  volumes,  containing  nearly  1350  pages. 
"  It  is  but  necessary  for  the  Author  to  say,  that  all  the  cares  that  were  bestowed  on  the  preparation  of  the 
fifth  edition  have  been  extended  to  the  sixth,  and  even  to  a  greater  amount.  Nothing  of  importance  that  has 
been  recorded  since  its  publication,  has,  he  believes,  escaped  his  attention.  Upwards  of  seventy  illustrations 
have  been  added  ;  and  many  of  the  former  cuts  have  been  replaced  by  others.  The  work,  he  trusts,  will  be 
found  entirely  on  a  level  with  the  existing  advanced  state  of  physiological  science." 

In  mechanical  and  artistical  execution,  this  edition  is  far  in  advance  of  any  former  one. 
The  illustrations  have  been  subjected  to  a  thorough  revision,  many  have  been  rejected  and 
their  places  supplied  with  superior  ones,  while  numerous  new  wood-cuts  have  been  added 
wherever  perspicuity  or  novelty  seemed  to  require  them. 

.  "Those  who  have  been  accustomed  to  consult  the  former  editions  of  this  work,  know  with  how  much 
care  and  accuracy  every  fact  and  opinion  of  weight,  on  the  various  subjects  embraced  in  a  treatise  on 
Physiology,  are  collected  and  arranged,  so  as  to  present  the  latest  and  best  account  of  the  science  To  such 
we  need  hardly  say,  that,  in  this  respect,  the  present  edition  is  not  less  distinguished  than  those  which  have 
preceded  it.  In  the  two  years  and  a  half  which  have  elapsed  since  the  last  or  fifth  edition  appeared,  nothing 
of  consequence  that  has  been  recorded  seems  to  have  been  omitted.  Upwards  of  seventy  illustrations  have 
been  added,  and  many  of  the  former  cuts  have  been  replaced  by  others  of  better  execution.  These  mostly 
represent  the  minute  structures  as  seen  through  the  microscope  and  are  necessary  for  a  proper  comprehension 
of  the  modern  discoveries  in  this  department  " — The  Medical  Examiner. 

The  "  Human  Physiology"  of  Professor  Dunglison  has  long  since  taken  rank  as  one  of  the  medical  classics 
in  our  language.  Edition  after  edition  has  been  issued,  each  more  perfect  than  the  last,  till  now  we  have  the 
sixth,  with  upwards  of  seventy  new  illustrations.  To  say  that  it  is  by  far  the  best  text-book  of  physiology  ever 
published  in  this  country,  is  but  echoing  the  general  voice  of  the  profession.  It  is  simple  and  concise  in  style, 
clear  in  illustration,  and  altogether  on  a  level  with  the  existing  advanced  state  of  physiological  science.  The 
additions  to  the  present  edition  are  extremely  numerous  and  valuable;  scarcely  a  fact  worth  naming  which 
has  a  bearing  upon  the  subject  seems  to  have  been  omitted.  All  the  recent  writers  on  physiology,  both  in  the 
French  German  and  English  languages,  have  been  consulted  and  freely  used,  and  the  facts  lately  revealed 
through  the  agency  of  organic  chemistry  and  the  microscope  have  received  a  due  share  of  attention.  As  it  is, 
we  cordially  recommend  the  work  as  in  ihe  highest  degree  indispensable  both  to  students  and  practitioners 
of  medicine.— New  York  Journal  of  Medicine. 

The  most  full  and  complete  system  of  physiology  in  our  language.—  Western  Lancet. 


LEA  &  BLANCHARD'S  PUBLICATIONS.  21 

DUNGLISON'S  THERAPEUTICS. 

NEW  AND  MUCH  IMPROVED   EDITION. 

GENERAL  THERAPEUTICS  AND  MATERIA  MEDICA. 

With  One  Hundred  and  Twenty  Illustrations. 

ADAPTED  FOR  A  MEDICAL  TEXT-BOOK. 

BY  ROBLEY  DUNGLISON,  M.D., 

Professor  of  Institutes  of  Medicine,  &o.  in  Jefferson  Medical  College;  Late  Professor  of  Materia  Medica,  &C. 
in  the  Universities  ol  Virginia  and  Maryland,  and  in  Jefferson  Medical  College. 

Third  Edition,  Revised  and  Improved,  in  two  octavo  volumes,  well  bound. 

In  this  edition  much  improvement  will  be  found  over  the  former  ones  The  author  has  subjected  it  to  a  tho- 
rough revision,  and  has  endeavored  to  so  modify  the  work  as  10  make  it  a  more  complete  and  exact  exponent 
of  the  present  state  of  knowledge  on  the  imporiant  subjects  of  which  it  treats.  The  favor  with  which  the  former 
editions  were  received,  demanded  that  the  present  should  be  rendered  still  more  worthy  of  the  patronage  of  the 
profession,  and  this  alteration  will  be  found  not  only  in  the  matterof  the  volumes,  but  also  in  the  numerous 
illustrations  introduced  and  the  general  improvement  in  the  appearance  of  the  work. 

"This  is  a  revised  and  improved  edition  of  the  author's  celebrated  book,  entitled  '  General  Therapeutics;'  an 
account  of  the  different  articles  of  the  Materia  Medica  having  been  incorporated  with  it.  The  work  has,  in 
fact,  been  entirely  remodelled,  so  that  it  is  now  the  most  complete  and  satisfactory  exponent  of  the  existing  state 
ofTherapeutical  Science,  within  the  moderate  limns  ol  a  text-book,  of  any  hitherto  published.  V\  hat  gives  the 
work  a  superior  value,  in  our  judgment,  is  ihe  happy  blending  of  Therapeutics  and  Materia  Medica  as  they  are, 
or  ought  to  be  taught  in  all  our  medical  schools;  going  no  farther  inio  the  nature  and  commercial  history  of 
drugs,  than  is  indispensable  for  the  medical  student.  This  gives  to  the  treatise  a  clinical  and  practical  charac- 
ter, calculated  to  benefit  in  ihe  highest  degree,  both  students  and  practitioners.  We  shall  adopt  it  as  a  text- 
book for  our  classes,  while  pursuing  this  branch  of  medicine,  and  shall  be  happy  to  learn  that  it  has  been 
adopted  as  such,  in  allofour  medical  institutions" — The  N   Y.  Journal  of  Medicine. 

"Our  junior  brethren  in  America  will  find  in  these  volumes  of  Professor  Dungbson,  a  'Thesaurus  Medica- 
MINUM,' more  valuable  than  a  large  purse  of  gold."—  London  Medico-Chirvrgical  Review. 

DUNGLISON  ON  NEW  REMEDIES. 

NEW   EDITION,   BROUGHT   UP  TO  OCTOBER  1846. 

NEW    REMEDIES. 

BY  ROBLEY  DUNGLISON,   M.D.,  &c.  &c. 

Fifth  edition,  with  extensive  additions.  In  one  neat  octavo  volume. 
The  numerous  valuable  therapeutical  agents  which  have  of  late  years  been  introduced  into  the  Materia 
Medica.  render  it  a  difficult  matter  for  the  practitioner  to  keep  up  with  the  advancement  of  the  science,  espe- 
cially as  the  descriptions  of  them  are  difficult  of  access,  being  scattered  so  widely  through  transactions  of 
learned  societies,  journals,  monographs.  &c.  &c.  To  obviate  this  difficulty  and  to  place  within  reach  of  the 
profession This  important  informant  in  a  compendious  form,  is  the  object  of  the  present  volume,  and  the  num- 
ber  of 'edition*  through  which  it  has  passed  show  that  its  utility  has  not  been  underrated. 
b%^:uinrhast°k?n  particular  car?  that  this  edit**,  shall  S^^SS^^ZXSOSS^Z 


T^MsTs'oTv^^ 

adKKu^ 

the  doses,  mode  of  administration  tce.^-The  Med,cal  Exammer.  


OR  AIDS  TO  THE  STUDY  OF  MEDICINE. 

A  REVISED  AND  MODIFIED  EDITION. 

BY    ROBLEY    DUNGLISON,    M.  D. 

In  one  neat  12mo.  volume. 

HlTivfAN    HEALTH; 

SEASONS,   fOy^R POREA L  AND  INTELLECTUAL  PURSUITS,  &c.  &c, 
SLEEI,  m«»0\J  HEALTHY  MAN:  CONSTITUTING 

ELEMENTS    OF    HYGIENE. 
BY  ROBLEY  DUNGLISON,  M.D. 

A  New  Edition  with  many  Modifications  and  Additions.     In  one  Volume,  8vo. 


22  LEA   &  BLANCHARD'S   PUBLICATIONS. 

AMEKICAN    PRACTICE    OF    MEDICINE. 

BY     PROFESSOR    DUNGLISON. 
SECOND   EDITION,    MUCH   IMPROVED. 

THE  PRACTICE  OF  MEDICINE; 

A     TREATISE     ON 

SPECIAL   PATHOLOGY    AND    THERAPEUTICS. 

SECOND  EDITION. 

By  ROBLEY  DUNGLISON,  M.  D. 

Professor  of  the  Institutes  of  Medicine  in  the  Jefferson  Medical  College;  Lecturer  on  Clinical  Medicine,  8[C 

In  Two  large  Octavo  Volumes  of  over  Thirteen  Hundred  Pages. 

The  Publishers  annex  a  condensed  statement  of  the  Contents: 

Diseases  ef  the  Mouth,  Tongue,  Teeth,  Gums,  Velum  Palati  and  Uvula,  Pharynx  and 
Oesophagus,  Stomach,  Intestines,  Peritoneum,  Morbid  Productions  in  the  Peritoneum  and 
Intestines— Diseases  of  the  Larynx  and  Trachea,  Bronchia  and  Lungs,  Pleura,  Asphyxia, 
Morbid  Conditions  of  the  Blood,  Diseases  of  the  Heart  and  Membranes,  Arteries,  Veins, 
Intermediate  or  Capillary  Vessels.— Spleen,  Thyroid  Gland,  Thymus  Gland  and  Supra 
Renal  Capsules,  Mesenteric  Glands.— Salivary  Glands,  Pancreas,  Biliary  Apparatus,  Kidney, 
Ureter,  Urinary  Bladder.— Diseases  of  the  Skin,  Exanthematous,  Vesicular,  Bullar,  Pustular, 
Papular,  Squamous,  Tuberculous,  Maculae,  Syphilides.— Organic  Diseases  of  the  Nervous 
Centres,  Neuroses,  Nerves.— Diseases  of  the  Eye,  Ear,  Nose.— Diseases  of  the  Male  and 
Female  Organs  of  Reproduction.— Fever.— Intermittent,  Remittent,  Continued,  Eruptive, 
Arthritic,  Cachectic,  Scrofulous,  Scorbutic,  Chlorotic,  Rhachitic,  Hydropic  and  Cancerous. 

Notwithstanding  the  numerous  and  attractive  works  which  have  of  late  been  issued  on  the  Practice  of 
Physic,  these  volumes  keep  their  place  as  a  standard  text-book  for  the  student,  and  manual  of  reference  tor 
the  practitioner.  The  care  with  which  the  author  embodies  everything  of  value  from  all  sources,  the  industry 
with  which  all  discoveries  of  interest  or  importance  are  summed  up  in  succeeding  editions,  the  excellent 
order  and  system  which  is  everywhere  manifested,  and  the  clear  and  intelligible  style  m  which  his  thoughts 
are  presented,  render  his  works  universal  favorites  with  the  profession.  ...  .  e    .        a 

"In  the  volumes  before  us,  Dr.  Dunglison  has  proved  that  his  acquaintance  with  the  present  facts  ana 
doctrines,  wheresoever  originating,  is  most  extensive  and  intimate,  and  the  judgment,  skill,  and  impartiali  y 
with  which  the  materials  of  the  work  have  been  collected,  weighed,  arranged,  and  exposed  are  strikingly 
manifested  in  every  chapter.  Great  care  is  everywhere  taken  to  indicate  the  source  of  information,  ana 
under  the  head  of  treatment,  formulae  of  the  most  appropriate  remedies  are  everywhere  introduced.  In  con- 
clusion, we  congratulate  the  students  and  junior  practitioners  of  America  on  possessing  in  the  present 
volumes  a  work  of  standard  merit,  to  which  they  may  confidently  refer  in  their  doubts  and  difficulties.  — 
Brit,  and  For.  Med.  Rev.  .  ,     ,.  .         ,~        ,•     _,.  __._v 

"Since  the  foregoing  observations  were  written,  we  have  received  a  second  edition  of  Dunglison  3  worK, 
a  sufficient  indication  of  the  high  character  it  has  already  attained  in  America,  and  justly  yarned.* -«»«• 

"  In  the  short  space  of  two  years,  a  second  edition  of  Dr.  Dunghson's  Treatise  on  Special  Pathology  and 
Therapeulics  has  been  called  for.  and  is  now  before  the  public  in  the  neat  and  tasteful  dress  in  which  Lea 
Sc  Blauchard  issue  all  their  valuable  publications.  We  do  not  notice  the  fact  for  the  purpose  of  passing  any 
studied  eulogy  upon  this  work,  which  is  now  too  well  known  to  the  profession  to  need  the  commendation  of 

lh"AcuSrsory  examination  will  satisfy  any  one,  that  great  labor  has  been  bestowed  upon  these  volumes 
and  on  a  careful  perusal  it  will  be  seen  that  they  exhibit  the  present  state  of  our  kn™^  .rneJa"vhe* 
special  pathology  and  therapeutics.  The  work  is  justly  a  great  favorite  with  «»d?n,8„of  ™^,rctimeJ  ^rho^ 
exigencies  the  Teamed  author  seems  especially  to  have  consulted  in  its  preparation."-  Western  Jour,    of 

M<-  Thlsfs^work  which  must  at  once  demand  a  respectful  consideration  from  the  profession,  emanating  as 


embracing  much  important  matte 


Ilassc's  rathological  Anatomy. 

AN  ANATOMICAL  DESCRIPTION  OF  TIIE  DISEASES  OF  TIIE 
ORGANS  OP  CIRCULATION  AND  RESPIRATION. 

BY  CHARLES  EWALD  HASSE, 
Professor  of  Pathology  and  Clinical  Medicine  in  the  University  of  Zurich,  $c. 

Translated  and  edited  by  W.  E.  Swaine,  M.  D.,  &e. 
In  one  octavo  volume.    A  new  work,  just  ready— October,  1846. 


LEA   &  BLANCHARD'S  PUBLICATIONS.  23 


BRODIE'S   SURGICAL  WORKS. 


CLINICAL  LECTURES  ON  SURGERY, 

DELIVERED   AT    ST.   GEORGE'S   HOSPITAL 

By  Sir  BENJAMIN  BROD1E,  Bart.,  V.P.  R.S., 

SERJEANT  SURGEON  TO  THE  QUEEN,  ETC.  ETC. 

IN  ONE  NEAT  OCTAVO  VOLUME. 

"  It  would  not  be  easy  to  find  in  the  same  compass  more  useful  matter  than  is  embraced  in  each 
of  these  discourses,  or  indeed  in  this  volume.  We  the  less  regret  the  limited  extracts  we  have  it 
in  our  power  to  make  from  it,  because  we  feel  sure  that  it  will  in  a  short  time  find  its  way  into  all 
the  medical  libraries  in  the  country." — The  Western  Journal  of  Medicine  and  Surgery. 

LECTURES 
ON   THE  DISEASES   OF   THE  URINARY  ORGANS. 

SECOND  AMERICAN  FROM  THE  THIRD  LONDON  EDITION. 

WITH  ALTERATIONS  AND  ADDITIONS. 

In  One  Small  Octavo  Volume,  Cloth. 

This  work  has  been  entirely  revised  throughout,  some  of  the  author's  views  have  been  modified, 
and  a  considerable  proportion  of  new  matter  has  been  added,  among  which  is  a  lecture  on  the 
Operation  of  Lithotomy. 


PATHOLOGICAL  AND  SURGICAL  OBSERVATIONS 
FROM  THE  FOURTH  LONDON  EDITION. 

tXUil)  tt)c  QVutljor's  Alterations  anb  Qlboitions. 

In  One  Small  Octavo  Volume,  Cloth. 

"To  both  the  practical  physician  and  the  student,  then,  this  little  volume  will  be  one  of  much  service,  inas- 
much as  we  have  here  a  condensed  view  of  these  complicated  subjects  thoroughly  investigated  by  the  aid  of 
the  light  afforded  by  modern  Pathological  Surgery."— JV.  Y.  Journal  of  Medicine. 

J)5"  These  three  works  can  be  had  bound  together,  forming  a  large  volume  of 
BRODIE'S  SURGICAL  WORKS. 


MILLER'S   SURGICAL  WORKS. 

THE  PRINCIPLES  OF  SURGERY. 

BY  JAMES  MILLER,  F.R.S.E.,  F.R.C.S.E., 

Professor  of  Surgery  in  the  University  of  Edinburg,  &c. 
In  one  neat  octavo  volume,  to  match  the  Author's  volume  on  "  Practice." 
"  We  feel  no  hesitation  in  expressing  our  opinion  that  it  presents  the  philosophy  of  the  science 
more  fully  and  clearly  than  any  other  work  in  the  language  with  which  we  are  acquainted.''—  Phi- 
ladelphia Medical  Examiner.  


LATELY    PUBLISHED. 

THE  PRACTICE  OF  SURGERY. 

BY  JAMES  MILLER, 

Professor  of  Surgery  in  the  University  of  Edinburg. 
In  one  neat  octavo  volume. 
This  work  is  printed  and  bound  to  match  the  «  Principles  of  Surgery,"  by  Professor  Miller,  lately 
led  by  L.  &  B.     Either  volume  may  be  had  separately. 


ith  the  preceding  one,  forms  a  complete  text-book  of  surgery,  and  has  been  under- 

11  f  .         /*    i    ■         :i_  \   1.1.,. U    «<*    ».!■«     •*,.«    mr.iln.--ll  v    mfYirmorl     in    th*i 


7,.  ...  more  romnletc  and  elaDoraie  worssui  reiercuuc  «mui  mc  r„.Coo.„„  .«, .-  r„»»^=o.„..  .„, 
aside  the  more ^tompiu  volumes  form,  together,  a  more  complete  text-book 

^X^T^io^ChVLen  heretofore  offered  to  the  student."-^.  Northern  Journal 
of  Medicine. 


24  LEA  &   BLANCHARD'S   PUBLICATIONS. 


CARPENTER'S  MEW  "WORK. 

A  MANUAL,  OR  ELEMENTS   OF  PHYSIOLOGY, 

IJrCLUDIJVG   PHYSIOLOGICAL    JtJTATOJfllT, 

FOR  THE  USE  OF  THE  MEDICAL  STUDENT. 

BY  WILLIAM  B.  CARPENTER,  M.  D.,  F.R.S., 

FULLERIAK  PROFESSOR  OF  PHYSIOLOGY  IN  THE  ROYAL  INSTITUTION  OF  GREAT  BRITAIN,  ETC. 

With  one  hundred  and  eighty  illustrations.    In  one  octavo  volume  of  566  pages.    Elegantly  printed  to  match 
his  "  Principles  of  Human  Physiology." 
This  work  though  but  a  very  short  time  published,  has  attracted  much  attention  from  all  engaged  in- teach- 
ing theTcience  of  med  cine,  and  has  been  adopted  as  a  text-book  by  many  schools  throughout  the  cou    ry_ 
Tl  clearness  and  conciseness  with  which  all  the  latest  investigations  are :«nc,.e     render^  .P^J«g 
well  suited  for  those  commencing  the  study  of  medicine.    It  is  gm^y  MnUfed  with  '>«"»'«'  J~    , 
gravings,  and  is  confidently  presented  as  among  the    best  elementary  text-books  on  Physiology 

gThe  merits  of  this  work  are  of  so  high  an  order,  and  its.  arrangement  and  discussion  ofmJJeeW  »  admi- 
rably adapted  to    the  wants  of  students,  that  we  unhesitatingly  commend  it  to  their  «™>rahle '  »°1'"-       u 
work  studied  first,  and  then  followed  by  the  more  elaborate  treatise  of  Dung  ison,  or  Muller,  or  others  ot  similar 
character,  is  decidedly  the  best  course  for  the  student  of  physiology  -1  he  Western  Lancet. 

CARPENTER'S  HUMAN  PHYSIOLOGY. 

PRINCIPLES  OF  HUMAN  PHYSIOLOGY, 

WITH  THEIR  CHIEF  APPLICATIONS  TO 

PATHOLOGY,    HYGIENE,   AND    FORENSIC    MEDICINE. 
BY  WILLIAM  B.  CARPENTER,  M.  D.,  F.  R.  S.,  &c. 

Second  American,  from  a  New  and  Revised  London  Edition. 

WITH  NOTES  AND  ADDITIONS, 

BY  MEREDITH  CLYMER,  M.  D.,  &c. 

With  Two  Hundred  and  Sixteen   Wood-cut*  and  other  Illustrations. 

In  one  octavo  volume,  of  about  650  closely  and  beautifully  printed  pages. 
The  very  rapid  sale  of  a  large  impression  of  the  first  edition  is  an  evidence  ol !  the  ™.f  J|*«'  *'*  v.?  ™7^ 
work  and  that  ,t  has  been  duly  appreciated  by  the  profession  of  this  country      I^e  puWi^liera  ^pe  tlxAt  iho 

present  edition  will  be  found  still  more  worthy  of  approbation,  not  only  from  the  additions  of  the  author  and 
editor,  but  also  from  its  superior  execution,  and  the  abundance  of  us  illustrations,  r^o  less  thl an  e  g  il>-hve 
wood-cuts  and  another  lithographic  plate  will  be  found  to  have  been  added,  affording  the  most  matenal  assist 

an"  We  have  much  satisfaction  in  declaring  our  opinion  that  this  work  is  the  best  ^"f^^ 
Biology  in  our  own  language,  and  the  best  adapted  for  the  student  existing  in  any  language.  '- Medico- Uururgi- 

CalAZ  wofkis"? Iw  stands  is  the  only  Treatise  on  Physiology  in  the  English,  language .which  exhibits :  a 
clear  and  connected,  and  comprehensive  view  of  the  present  condition  of  that  science."- London  and  Mm 
burgh  Monthly  Journal. 

SUPPLEMENT  TO  THE  ENCYCLOPEDIA  AMERICANA,  IIP  TO  THE  YEAR  1847. 

ENCYCLOPEDIA  AMERICANA-Supplementary  Vol. 
A  POPULAR  DICTIONARY 

OF  ARTS,  SCIENCES,  LITERATURE.  HISTORY,  POLITICS  AND 

BIOGRAPHY. 

VOL.    XIV. 

Edited  by  HENRY  VETHAKE,  LL.D., 

Vice-Provost  and  Professor  of  Mathematics  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  Author  of  "A  Treatise  on  Poli- 
tical Economy." 

In  One  large  Octavo  Volume  of  over  Six  Hundred  and  Fifty  double  columned  pages. 

The  numerous  subscribers  who  have  been  waiting  the  completion  of  this  volume  can  now  perfect 
their  sets,  and  all  who  want  a  Register  of  the  Events  of  the  last  Fifteen  Years,  for  the  Whole 
World,  particularly  embracing  interesting  scientific  investigations  and  discoveries,  can  obtain  this 
volume  separately,  price  Two  Dollars  uncut  in  cloth,  or  Two  Dollars  and  Fifty  Cents  in  leather, 
to  match  the  styles  in  which  the  publishers  have  been  selling  sets. 

Subscribers  in  the  large  cities  can  be  supplied  on  application  at  any  of  the  principal  bookstores  ; 
and  persons  residing  in  the  country  can  have  their  sets  matched  by  sending  a  volume  in  charge  of 
friends  visiting  the  city. 

Complete  sets  furnished  at  very  low  prices  in  various  bindings.  .,.,.■       »    i.    •      n- 

"The  Conversations  Lexicon  (Encyclopaedia  Americana)  has  become  a  household  book  in  all  the  intelli- 
gent families  in  America,  and  is  undoubtedly  the  best  depository  of  biographical,  historical,  geographical  and 
Political  information  of  that  kind  which  discriminating  readers  require.  There  is  in  dMWwem  volume  much 
matter  purely  Tcientific,  which  was  all  the  more  acceptable  to  us  that  it  was  unexpecled.»-SiM.ma»rt  Journal. 


LEA  &  BLANCHARD'S  PUBLICATIONS.  25 


FOWNES'  CHEMISTRY  FOR  STUDENTS. 

ELEMENTARY- CHEMISTRY. 

THEORETICAL  AND  PRACTICAL. 
BY  GEORGE  FOWNES,  Ph.  D., 

Chemical  Lecturer  in  the  Middlesex  Hospital  Medical  School,  &c.  &c. 

With  Numerous  Illustrations.    Edited,  with  Additions, 
BY  ROBERT  BRIDGES,  M.  D., 

Professor  of  General  and  Pharmaceutical  Chemistry  in  the  Philadelphia  College  of  Pharmacy,  &c.  &c. 
In  one  large  duodecimo  volume,  sheep  or  extra  cloth. 
Though  this  work  has  been  so  recently  published,  it  has  already  been  adopted  as  a  text-book  by  many  of  the 
Medical  Institutions  ihroughout  the  country.  As  a  work  for  the  first  class  student,  and  as  an  introduction  to 
the  larger  systems  of  Chemistry,  such  as  Graham's,  there  has  been  but  one  opinion  expressed  concerning  it, 
and  it  may  now  be  considered  as 

THE  TEXT-BOOK  FOR  THE  CHEMICAL  STUDEJTT. 

An  admirable  exposition  of  the  present  stale  of  chemical  science,  simply  and  clearly  written,  and  display- 
ing a  thorough  practical  knowledge  of  its  details,  as  well  as  a  profound  acquaintance  with  its  principles.  The 
illustrations,  and  the  whole  gelting-up  of  the  book,  merit  our  highest  praise."- British  and  Foreign  Medical 
Review.  ° 

"  Remarkable  for  its  clearness,  and  the  most  concise  and  perspicuous  work  of  the  kind  we  have  seen,  admi- 
rably calculated  to  prepare  the  student  for  the  more  elaborate  treatises." — Pharmaceutical  Journal. 

This  work  of  Fownes,  while  not  enlarging  on  the  subject  as  much  as  Graham,  is  far  more  lucid  and  expanded, 
than  the  usual  small  introductory  works.  Persons  using  it  may  rely  upon  its  being  kept  up  to  the  day  by  fre- 
quent revisions. 

GRAHAM'S   CHEMISTRY. 

THE   ELEMENTS~~OF   CHEMISTRY. 

INCLUDING   THE    APPLICATION   OF   THE   SCIENCE  TO  THE   ARTS. 
With  Numerous  Illustrations. 

Br  THOMAS  GRAHAM,  F.  R.  S.  L.  and  E.  D., 
Professor  of  Chemistry  in  University  College,  London,  &c.  &c. 

WITH  NOTES  AND  ADDITIONS, 

Br  ROBERT  BRIDGES,  M.  D.,  &c.  &c. 

In  one  volume  octavo. 


SIMON'S    CHEMISTRY   OF    MAN. 

ANIMAL   CHEMISTRY, 

WITH  REFERENCE  TO  THE  PHYSIOLOGY  AND  PATHOLOGY  OF  MAN. 
BY  DR.  J.  FRANZ  SIMON. 

TRANSLATED  AND    EDITED  BY 

GEORGE  E.  DAY,  M.  A.  &  L.  M:  Cantab.,  &c. 
With  plates.     In  one  octavo  volume,  of  over  seven  hundred  pages ,  sheep,  or  in  two  parts,  boards. 

This  important  work  is  now  complete  and  may  be  had  in  one  large  octavo  volume.  Those  who  obtained  the 
first  part  can  procure  the  second  separate. 

"  No  treatise  on  physiological  chemistry  approaches,  in  fulness  and  accuracy  of  detail,  the  work  which 
stands  at  the  head  ol this  article.  It  is  the  production  of  a  man  of  true  German  assiduity,  who  has  added  to  his 
own  researches  the  results  of  the  labors  of  nearly  every  other  inquirer  in  this  interesting  branch  of  science — 
The  death  of  such  a  laborer,  which  is  mentioned  in  the  preface  to  the  work  as  having  occurred  prematurely  in 
1842,  is  indeed  a  calamity  to  science.  He  had  hardly  reached  the  middle  term  of  life,  and  yet  had  made  himself 
known  all  over  Europe,  and  in  our  country,  where  his  name  has  been  familiar  for  several  years  as  among  the 
most  successful  of  the  cultivators  of  the  Chemistry  of  Man  ....  It  is  a  vast  repository  of  facts  to  which  the 
teacher  and  student  may  refer  with  equal  satisfaction."  —  The  Western  Journal  of  Medicine  and  Surgery. 

"The  merits  of  the  work  are  so  universally  known  and  acknowledged,  as  to  need  no  further  commendation 
at  our  hands."— JV.  Y.  Journal  of  Medicine  and  Surgery 

THE  CHEMISTR^DF  THE  FOUR  SEASONS— A  NEW  WORK. 
THE  CHEMISTRY  OF  THE  FOUR  SEASONS, 

SPRING,  SUMMER,  AUTUMN  AND  WINTER. 

-      4W   1WAV    PRINCIPALLY   CONCERNING    NATURAL    PHENOMENA    ADMITTING    OF 
IT  I  I  STKATION  BY  CHEMICAL  SCIENCE.  AND  ILLUSTRATING  PASSAGES 
1XjiJ  OP  SCRIPTURE 

BY  THOMAS  GRIFFITHS, 

Professor  of  Chemistry  in  the  Medical  College  of  St.  Bartholomew's  Hospital,  &c. 
In  One  very  neat  Volume,  royal  12mo.,  of  Four  Hundred  and  Fifty  large  Pages,  extra  cloth,  illus- 
trated with  numerous  Wood-cuts. 
«  We  would  especially  recommend  it  to  youths  commencing  the  study  of  medicine,  both  as  an  incentive  to 
.v.   •    iTimr-il  curiosity  and  an  introduction  lo  several  of  those  branches  of  science  which  will  necessarily  soon 
'   i,„ir  -i„„„,,nn      We  would  nonce  further,  and  with  commendation,  that  a  sound  and  rational  natural 
?h°Sv   ■ Unread through  the  whole  Work»-The  British  and  Foreign  Medical  Rtvieio 

"This  inieresune  and  attractive  volume  is  designed  to  illustrate  by  easy  and  familiar  experiments,  and  in 
nnnular  laniruasre  many  of  the  phenomena  going  on  in  the  realm  of  nature  through  the  ever-varying  year,  and 
in  exemplify  ami  'explain  many  beautiful  scriptural  allusions  involving  the  play  of  chemical  and  philosophical 
Hws  Nor  has  the  eifted  author  failed  in  accomplishing  his  laudable  purpose.  His  agreeable  style,  the  cor- 
rectness of  his  phllogODhical  views,  and  especially  the  high  moral  and  religious  bearing  of  his  work,  cannot 
but  secure  for  him  the  coimneiuUiion  and  patronage  of  the  intelligent  and  virtuous."— Southern  Medical  and 
Surgical  Journal. 


26  LEA   &  BLANCHARD'S  PUBLICATIONS. 

LECTURES  ON  THE  OPERATIONS  OF  SURGERY. 

AND  ON  ' 

DISEASES  AND  ACCIDENTS  REQUIRING  OPERATIONS, 

DELIVERED   AT   UNIVERSITY    COLLEGE,   LONDON. 
BY  ROBERT  LISTON,  Esq.,  F.  R.  S.,  &c. 

EDITED,     WITH     NUMEROUS     ALTERATIONS     AND     ADDITIONS, 

BY  T.  D.  MUTTER,  M.  D., 

Professor  of  Surgery  in  the  Jefferson  Medical  College,  Philadelphia. 

In  One  Large  and  Beautifully  Printed  Oetavo  Volume. 

WITH  TWO  HUNDRED  AND  SIXTEEN  ILLUSTRATIONS  ON  WOOD. 

More  than  one-third  of  this  volume  is  by  Professor  Mutter,  embodying  elaborate  treatises  on 
Plastic  Operations,  Staphyloraphy,  Club-Foot,  Diseases  of  the  Eye,  Deformities  from  Burns,  &C.&C. 


A.  SYSTEM  OT  PRACTICAL  STTHCtEIIY. 

BY  WILLIAM  FERGUSSON,  F.  R.  S.  E. 

SECOND   AMERICAN   EDITION,   REVISED   AND  IMPROVED. 

Wiih  Two  Hundred  and  Fifty-two  Illustrations  from  Drawings  by  Bagg,  Engraved  by  Gilbert, 

With  Notes  and  Additional  Illustrations, 

BY    GEORGE    W.    NORRIS.M.    D.,  &c. 

In  one  beautiful  octavo  volume  of  six  hundred  and  forty  large  pages. 


THE  PRINCIPLES  AND  PRACTICE  OF 

OBSTETRIC  MEDICINE  AND  SURGERY, 

IN  REFERENCE  TO  THE  PROCESS  OF  PARTl'RITION. 

ILLUSTRATED   BY 

One  hundred  and  forty-eight  large  JFigureg  on  55  Lithographic  Plate*, 

BY  FRANCIS  H.  RAMSBOTHAM,  M.D.,  &c. 

A  NEW  EDITION,  FROM  THE  ENLARGED  AND  REVISED  LONDON  EDITION. 

In  one  large  imperial  octavo  volume,  well  bound. 

Philadelphia,  August  6th,  1845. 
Messrs.  Lea.  &  Bla.ncha.rd. 

Gentlemen  :— I  have  looked  over  the  proofs  of  Ramsbotham  on  Human  Parturition,  with  its  important  im- 
provements, from  the  new  London  edition. 

This  Work  needs  no  commendation  from  me,  receiving,  as  it  does,  the  unanimous  recommendation  of  the 
British  periodical  press,  as  the  standard  work  on  Midwifery ;  "  chaste  in  language,  classical  in  composition, 
happy  in  point  of  arrangement,  and  abounding  in  most  interesting  illustrations." 

To  the  American  public,  therefore,  it  is  most  valuable — from  its  intrinsic  undoubted  excellence,  and  as  being 
the  best  authorized  exponent  of  British  Midwifery.  Its  circulation  will,  I  trust,  be  extensive  throughout  our 
country. 

There  is,  however,  a  portion  of  Obstetric  Science  to  which  sufficient  attention,  it  appears  to  me,  has  not  been 
paid.  Through  you,  I  have  promised  to  the  public  a  work  on  this  subject,  and  although  the  continued  occupa- 
tion of  my  time  and  thoughts  in  the  duties  of  a  teacher  and  practitioner  have,  as  yet  prevented  the  fulfilment  of 
the  promise,  the  day,  I  trust,  is  not  distant,  when,  under  the  hope  of  being  useful,  I  shall  prepare  an  account  of 
the  Mechanism  of  Labor,  illustrated  by  suitable  engravings,  which  may  be  regarded  as  an  addendum  to  the 
standard  works  of  Ramsbotham,  and  our  own  Dewees. 

Very  respectfully,  yours, 

HUGH  L.  HODGE,  M.D., 
Professor  of  Obstetrics,  fyc.  8,-c,  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania. 


PROFESSOR  CHAPMAN'S' WORKS  ON  PRACTICE. 

A  COMPENDIUM  OF  LECTURES  ON  THE 

THEORY   AND    PRACTICE  OF    MEDICINE. 

DELIVERED   BY  PROFESSOR  CHAPMAN  IN  THE  UNIVERSITY  OF  PENNSYL- 
VANIA.   PREPARED,  WITH   PERMISSION,  FROM  DR.  CHAPMAN'S  MA- 
NUSCRIPTS, AND  PUBLISHED  WITH  HIS  APPROBATION, 
By  N.  D.  BENEDICT,  M.  D.    In  one  very  neat  octavo  volume. 

IHr  This  work  contains  the  diseases  not  treated  of  in  the  two  following. 


LECTURES  ON  THE  MORE  IMPORTANT  DISEASES  OF  THE 

THORACIC  AND  ABDOMINAL  VISCERA. 

Delivered  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  by  N.  Chapman,  M.  D.,  Professor  of  the  Theory 
and  Practice  of  Medicine,  &c.    In  one  volume,  octavo. 

LECTURES  ON  THE  MORE  IMPORTANT 

ERUPTIVE  FEVERS,  HEMORRHAGES  AND  DROPSIES, 

AND  ON  GOUT  AND  RHEUMATISM, 

Delivered  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  by  N.  Chapman,  M.  D.,  Professor  of  the  Theory 
and  Practice  of  Medicine,  &c.  &c.    In  one  neat  octavo  volume. 


LEA  &  BLANCHARD'S  PUBLICATIONS.  27 

A  NEW^VIEDICAL  DICTIONARY. 

In  one  Volume,  large  12mo.,  now  ready,  at  a  low  price. 


A  DICTIONARY  OF 

THE    TERMS    USED    IN    MEDICINE 

AND 

THE    COLLATERAL    SCIENCES; 

BY  RICHARD  D.  HOBLYN,  A.  M.,  Oxon. 

FIRST    AMERICAN,    FROM    THE    SECOND    LONDON    EDITION. 

REVISED,  WITH  NUMEROUS  ADDITIONS, 

BY  ISAAC  HAYS,  M.  D., 

Editor  of  the  American  Journal  of  the  Medical  Sciences. 

A  NEW  AND  COMPLETE  WORK  ON  FEVERS. 

FEVERS; 

THEIR  DIAGNOSIS,  PATHOLOGY  AND  TREATMENT. 

PREPARED  AND  EDITED  WITH  LARGE  ADDITIONS, 
FROM  THE  ESSAYS  ON  FEVER  IN 

TWEEDIE'S  LIBRARY  OF  PRACTICAL  MEDICINE, 
BY  MEREDITH  CLYMER,  M.  D., 

Professor  of  the  Principles  and  Practice  of  Medicine  in  Franklin  Medical  College,  Philadelphia  ; 

Consulting  Physician  to  the  Philadelphia  Hospital ;  Fellow  of  the  College  of  Physicians,  <$-c.  $-c. 

In  one  octavo  volume  of  600  pnges. 

THE  SURGICAL  WORKS  OF  SIR  ASTLEY  COOPER. 

THE  ANATOMY  AND  SURGICAL  TREATMENT  OF 

AIBBOMUHAIL    H  IE  3S  H  H  A » 

B*   SIR  ASTLEY  COOPER,  BART. 

Edited  by  C.  ASTON  KEY,  Surgeon  to  Guy's  Hospital,  &c. 
In  one  large  imperial  8vo.  volume,  with  over  130  Lithographic  Figures. 

ON  THE  STRTJCTlU^^  TESTIS. 

Illustrated  by  120  Figures.    From  the  Second  London  Edition. 

BY  BRANSBY  B.  COOPER,  Esq. 

AND  ALSO  ON  THE  ANATOMY  OF  THE  THYMUS  GLAND. 

Illustrated  by  fifty-seven  Figures. 
The  two  works  together  in  one  beautiful  imperial  octavo  volume,  illustrated  with  twenty-nine  plates. 

ANATOMY  AND   DISEASES  OF  THE  BREAST,  &c. 

"^    .  Nir,  uc-ATTTTFTTT    VOI  UME  CONTAINS  THE  ANATOMY  OF  THE  BREAST 
THIS  LARGE  AND  BEAUTIFUL  VOLLM^tUN^ a  1ry    gla  ILLUSTRA- 

THE    COMl'ARATIVE^iau^  jjiSEASES  OF  THE  BREAST; 

AnH  Twcntv-five  Miscellaneous  Surgical  Papers,  now  first  published  in  a  collected  form. 

BY  SIR  ASTLEY  COOPER,  Bart.,  F.  R.  S.,  &c. 

The  whole  in  one  large  imperial  octavo  volume,  illustrated  with  two  hundred  and  fifty-two  figures. 

A  TREATISE ^TdISLOCAtToNS  AND  FRACTURES  OF  THE  JOINTS. 

By  Sik  ASTLEY  COOPER.  Bart.,  F.  R.  S.,  Sergeant  Surgeon  to  the  King,  &c. 
A  New  Edition  much  enlarged; 
Edited  by  BRANSBY  COOPER,  F.  R.  S..  Surgeon  to  Guy's  Hospital. 
With  additional  observations  from  Professor  JOHN  C.  WARREN,  of  Boston. 

t-  .;,,<„  on  Wood,  after  designs  by  Bagg,  a  Memoir  and  a  splendid  Portrait  of  Sir  Astley 

With  numerous  Engravings  on      oou,       ^  one°octa*vo  vc0|ume. 


28  LEA   &  BLANCHARD'S   PUBLICATIONS. 


OTHER    WORKS 

IN 

VARIOUS  DEPARTMENTS 

OF 

MEDICINE   AND  SURGERY, 

PUBLISHED 

BY    LEA    &   BLANC  HARD. 

AMERICAN  JOURNAL  OF  THE  MEDIC  AL~SCIENCES.  Edited  by  Isaac  Hays,  M.D. 
Published  quarterly  at  $5  00  per  annum. 

ANDRAL  ON  THE  BLOOD.  Pathological  Haematology ;  an  Essay  on  the  Blood  in  Dis- 
ease.   Translated  by  J.  F.  Meigs  and  Alfred  Stille.     In  one  octavo  volume,  cloth. 

ARNOTT'S  PHYSICS.  The  Elements  of  Physics  in  plain  or  non-technical  language.  A 
New  Edition.     Edited  by  Isaac  Hays,  M.  D.     In  1  vol.  8vo.,  sheep,  with  176  wood-cuts. 

ABERCROMBIE  ON  THE  STOMACH.  Pathological  and  Practical  Researches  on  Dis- 
eases of  the  Stomach,  Intestinal  Canal,  &c.     Fourth  Edition.    In  1  vol.  8vo.,  sheep. 

ABERCROMBIE  ON  THE  BRAIN.  Pathological  and  Practical  Researches  on  the  Dis- 
eases of  the  Brain  and  Spinal  Cord.     A  New  Edition.     In  one  octavo  volume,  sheep. 

ALISON'S  PATHOLOGY.  Outlines  of  Pathology  and  Practice  of  Medicine.  In  three 
parts,  containing  Preliminary  Observations,  Inflammatory  and  Febrile  Diseases,  and 
Chronic  or  Non-Febrile  Diseases.     In  one  neat  octavo  volume,  sheep. 

BENNET'S  PRACTICAL  TREATISE  ON  INFLAMMATION,  ULCERATION  AND 
INDURATION  OF  THE  NECK  OF  THE  UTERUS.  In  one  small  12mo.  volume, 
cloth. 

BIRD  ON  URINARY  DEPOSITS.  Urinary  Deposits,  their  Diagnosis,  Pathology  and  The- 
rapeutical Indications.     In  one  neat  octavo  volume,  cloth,  with  numerous  wood-cuts. 

BERZELIUS  ON  THE  KIDNEYS  AND  URINE,  in  1  vol.  8vo.,  cloth. 

BUCKLAND'S  GEOLOGY.  Geology  and  Mineralogy,  with  reference  to  Natural  Theology. 
A  Bridgewater  Treatise.     In  two  octavo  volumes,  with  numerous  maps,  plates,  &c. 

BUDD  ON  DISEASES  OF  THE  LIVER.  In  one  octavo  volume,  sheep,  with  beautiful 
colored  plates  and  numerous  wood  cuts. 

BRIDGEWATER  TREATISES.  The  whole  complete  in  7  vols.  8vo.,  containing  Roget's 
Animal  and  Vegetable  Physiology,  in  2  vols.,  with  many  cuts;  Kirby  on  the  History, 
Habits  and  Instinct  of  Animals,  1  vol.  with  plates  ;  Prouton  Chemistry  ;  Chalmers  on  the 
Moral  Condition  of  Man  ;  Whewell  on  Astronomy  ;  Bell  on  the  Hand ;  Kidd  on  the  Phy- 
sical Condition  of  Man  ;  and  Buckland's  Geology,  2  vols.,  with  many  plates  and  maps. 

BARTLETT'S  PHILOSOPHY  OF  MEDICINE.  Essay  on  the  Philosophy  of  Medical 
Science.    In  two  Parts.    One  neat  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth. 

BRIGHAM  ON  MIND,  &c.  The  Influence  of  Mental  Excitement  and  Mental  Cultivation 
on  Health.    In  one  neat  12mo.  volume,  extra  cloth. 

BILLING'S  PRINCIPLES  OF  MEDICINE.  The  First  Principles  of  Medicine.  From  the 
Fourth  London  Edition.     In  one  octavo  volume,  cloth. 

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LEA   &  BLANCHARD'S  PUBLICATIONS.  29 

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numerous  Cuts. 


30  LEA  &  BLANCHARD'S  PUBLICATIONS. 

A  TREATISE  ON  THE  DISEASES  OF~FEMALES,  ~ 

AND  ON  THE  SPECIAL  HYGIENE  OF  THEIR  SEX. 

WITH  NUMEROUS  WOOD-CUTS. 
BY     COLOMBAT     DE     L'ISERE,  M.  D., 

Chevalier  of  the  Legion  of  Honor  ;  late  Surgeon  to  the  Hospital  of  the  Rue  de  Valois,  devoted  to  the 

Diseases  of  Females,  <$-c.  fyc. 

TRANSLATED,  WITH  MANY  NOTES  AND  ADDITIONS, 

BY  C.  D.  MEIGS,  M.  D., 

Professor  of  Obstetrics  and  Diseases  of  Women  and  Children  in  the  Jefferson  Medical  College,  c$-c.  S[C. 
In  one  large  volume,  8vo. 

YOUJ1TT   OJY  THE   BOG. 

THE  "DOG. 

BY  WILLIAM  YOUATT. 

WITH  NUMEROUS  AND  BEAUTIFUL  ILLUSTRATIONS. 

EDITED  BY  E.  J.  LEWIS,  M.  D.,  &c.  &c. 

In  One  beautifully  printed  Volume,  Crown  Octavo,  with  Twenty, four  Plates,  done  up  in  richcrim- 

son  extra  cloth. 
"  With  this  explanation  of  his  connection  with  the  work  he  leaves  it,  in  the  hope  that  it  may 
prove  of  value  to  the  sportsman  from  its  immediate  relation  to  his  stirring  pursuits;  to  the  general 
reader  from  the  large  amount  of  curious  information  collected  in  its  pages;  and  to  the  MEDICAL 
STUDENT  from  the  light  it  sheds  on  the  PATHOLOGY  AND  DISEASES  of  the  dog,  by  which  he 
will  be  surprised  to  learn  how  many  ills  that  animal  shares  in  common  with  the  human  race." — 
Editor's  Preface. 


LANDRETH'S  J0HNS0N'S_GARDENERS'  DICTIONARY. 

JUST  READY. 

A  DICTIONARY  OF  MODERN  GARDENING. 

BY  GEORGE  WILLIAM  JOHNSON,  Esa., 

Fellow  of  the  Horticultural  Society  of  India,  &c.  &c. 
With   One   Hundred   and   Eighty   Wood-Cuts. 

EDITED,  WITH  NUMEROUS  ADDITIONS, 

BY  DAVID  LANDRETH,  of  Philadelphia. 

In  the  American  edition,  many  modifications  and  additions  have  been  made,  so  as  to  render  the  work  a  com- 
plete and  satisfactory  book  of  reference  upon  every  subject  connected  with  modern  gardening  in  its  most  ex- 
tended sense;  while  great  care  has  been  exercised  in  adapting  it  to  the  practice  of  every  section  of  this  country. 

Numerous  wood-cut  illustrations  have  been  added,  and  the  publishers  present  a  beautiful  volume  of  near 
650  pages,  in  a  clear  but  small  type,  well  done  up  in  extra  cloth,  and  at  a  very  low  price.  Such  a  work  has 
long  been  needed  by  the  many  persons  who  cannot  afford  to  purchase  the  large  expensive  work  of  Loudon. 

Sold  by  all  Booksellers,  Nurserymen  and  Seedsmen  in  the  United  States. 
CONTENTS    OF    THE 

AMERICAN  JOURNAL  OF  THE  MEDICAL  SCIENCES, 

For  Jipril,  1847. 

Memoirs  and  Cases.— Art.  I.  History  of  seven  cases  of  Pseudo-membranous  Laryngitis,  or  True  Croup. 
By  J.  F.  Meigs,  M.  D.  II.  Poisonous  Properties  of  the  Sulphate  of  Quinine.  By  Wm.  O.  Baldwin,  M.  D.  III! 
Removal  of  the  Superior  Maxilla  for  a  tumour  of  the  antrum;  Apparent  cure.  Return  of  the  disease.  Second 
operation.  Sequel.  By  J.  Marion  Sims,  M.  D.  [With  a  wood-cut.]  IV.  Laceration  of  the  Perineum.  By  John 
P.  Mettauer,  M.  D.  V.  Report  of  Cases  treated  in  Cincinnati  Commercial  Hospital.  By  John  P.  Harrison 
M.  D.  VI.  Surgical  Cases.  By  Geo.  C.  Blackman,  M.  D.  [With  a  wood-cut.]  VII.  Cases  of  Paralysis' 
peculiar  to  the  Insane.  By  Pliny  Earle,  M.  D.  VIII.  Contributions  to  Pathology;  being  a  Report  of  Fatal 
Cases  taken  from  the  records  of  the  U.  S.  Naval  Hospital,  New  York.  By  W.  S.  W.  Ruschenber°-er  M  D 
IX.  Case  of  Hydrops  Pericardii  suddenly  formed,  with  Remarks.  By  S.  Jackson,  M.  D.  X.  Case°of  Tuber- 
cles in  the  pericardium,  vena  cava,  columnae  carneae,  pleura,  lungs,  liver,  &c,  with  Meningitis.  By  J  D 
Trask,  M.  D.    XI.  On  letting  Blood  from  the  Jugular  in  the  Diseases  of  Children.    By  Charles  C.  Hildreth' 

Review.— XII.  Lectures  on  Subjects  connected  with  Clinical  Medicine ;  comprising  Diseases  of  the 
Heart.    By  P.  M.  Latham,  M.  D. 

Bibliographic  ax  Notices.— XIII.  Green  on  Diseases  of  the  Air  Passages.  XIV.  Condie  on  the  Diseases  of 
Children.  Second  edition.  XV.  Royle's  Materia  Medica  and  Therapeutics.  Edited  by  Carson.  XVI  Voeel's 
Pathological  Anatomy  of  the  Human  Body.  Translated,  with  additions,  by  George  E.  Day.  XVIl'  Trans 
actions  of  the  College  of  Physicians  of  Philadelphia.  From  September  to  November,  1846  inclusive 
XVIII.  Wharton  Jones  on  the  Principles  and  Practice  of  Ophthalmic  Medicine  and  Surgery  '  Edited  bv 
Isaac  Hays,  M.  D.  XIX.  Wood  on  the  Practice  of  Medicine.  XX.  Wernher's  Manual  of  General  and 
Special  Surgery.  XXI.  Baumgarten's  Surgical  Almanac  for  the  years  1844  and  1845.  XXII  Wilson's 
System  of  Human  Anatomy,  General  and  Special.  Third  American  from  the  third  London  edition  Edited 
by  Paul  B.  Goddard,  M.  D.  XXIII.  Von  Behr's  Handbook  of  Human  Anatomy,  General  SDecial  and 
Topographical.    Translated  by  John  Birkett.  "  '  &Pecial  and 


LEA  &  BLANCHARD'S  PUBLICATIONS.  31 


Contents  of  the  Medical  Journal  Continued. 

QUARTERLY    RETROSPECT, 
A  SUMMARY  OF  THE  IMPROVEMENTS  AND  DISCOVERIES  IN  THE  MEDICAL  SCIENCES. 

olFfoctsS1o{Ti^cl^a^AlV°V^I'J'H^Sl0hOG11-1-  Q««*ett  on  Intimate  Structure  of  Bone.  2.  Meckel 
death  from  tn^i,mhV  B»^ht  on the  Properties  of  the  Bile.  4.  Bainbriggeon  Supplementary  Spleen, 
contents  of  he  P^,a^g  ?'aC|d  1,"  «)«e»upme  P°sltlon-  5-  Robinson  on  the  Nature  and  Source  of  the 
M r  v™  i  v 'Ta°h-  6"  Prf ■  B'scl'"ff^  'he  Absorption  of  Narcotic  Poisons  by  the  Lymphatics. 
mWe  of  f'otwlnm  »^  harmacy.-7.  Battley  on  Syrup  of  Iodide  and  Chloride  of  Iron.  8.  Record  on  Bro- 
S^itn  w  iff  ft, 8u^»lule  for  the  Iodide.  9.  Voilltmier  on  Santonine.  10.  Guibourt  on  the  changes 
of  Morphia  on  Children     TmCtUre  °f  Iodlne  «'"»«#*■  in  keeping.    U.  Mellon  on  the  Action  of  the  Acetate 

»„h1™«««^OL05iY  ^Therapeutics  and  Practical  Medicine.-12.  Bennett  on  Anormal  Nutrition 
«f  ,h*  wtarf  °1VhS<Blood-  _13-  ;{»5to»<»'  Acute  Spinal  Myelitis.  14.  Boston  on  Curability  of  Hypertrophy 
of  the  Heart.  15  Crisp  on  Rupture  of  the  left  Ventricle  of  the  Heart.  16.  Francis  on  Aneurism  of  the  Basi- 
J Al  y-Ri  i  L X,ow6ord  s  Observations  on  Sudden  deaths,  probably  dependent  on  Diseases  of  the  Heart 
and  large  Blood-vessels.  IS.  Carson  on  Obliteration  of  the  Vena  Cava  Descendens.  19.  Thompson  on 
Treatment  of  Chronic  Bronchitis  and  Bronchial  Asthma.  20.  Miihlbauer's  Microscopic  Researches  on  the 
Absorption  of  Pus  21.  Bnquet  on  Mercurial  Ointment  in  Variola.  22.  Bell  on  Rupture  of  Lateral  Sinus  of 
Dura  Mater  23  Watts  on  Tubercles  in  Bones.  24.  Gendrin  on  Hysterical  Affections.  25.  Cottereau's 
Remedy  for  Toothache.  26  Prof.  Trousseau  on  Anatomy  of  Pneumonia  in  Infants.  27.  Volz  on  Hooping 
Cough  an  Exanthemata.  28.  Crisp  on  Infantile  Pleurisy.  29.  Youl  on  Abscess  of  the  Brain  in  a  Child.  3o! 
Trousseau  on  the  Employment  ot  Nux  Vomica  in  the  Treatment  of  St.  Vitus'  Dance 
Surgical  Pathology  and  Therapeutics  and  Operative  Surgery.— 31.  Prof.  Syme  on  Amputation  at 


Moore  on  Gunshot  wound  of  the  Lung,  where  the  ball  lodged  fifty  years.  38.  On  the  Employment  of  Iodide 
of  Potassium  in  the  Treatment  of  Syphilis.  39.  Application  of  ice  in  the  treatment  of  injuries.  40.  Lenoir  on 
Ununited  Fracture  successfully  treated  by  Acupuncturation.  41.  Prof.  Syme  on  Amputation  of  the  Thigh. 
42.  Curling's  Case  of  Fatal  Internal  Strangulation  caused  by  a  cord  prolonged  from  a  Diverticulum  of  the 
Ileum.  43.  Golding  Bird  and  John  Hilton  on  Case  of  Internal  Strangulation  of  Intestine  relieved  by  Opera- 
tion. 44.  Fergusson  on  Strangulated  Congenital  Hernia  in  an  infant  seventeen  days  old,  requiring  opera- 
tion. 45.  Guersant,  Jr.,  on  Surgical  Treatment  of  Croup.  46.  Geoghegan  on  Partial  Amputation  of  the  Foot. 
47.  Report  of  a  Committee  of  the  Surgical  Society  of  Ireland,  relative  to  the  use  and  efTects  of  Sulphuric 
Ether. 

Ophthalmology.— 48.  Prof.  Jacob  on  Foreign  Bodies  in  the  Eye.  49.  Dixon's  Remarkable  Case  of  Injury 
of  the  Eye.  50.  Szokals/ci  on  Obscurations  of  the  Cornea  in  their  Histological  relations  with  reference  to  the 
Practice  of  Ophthalmic  Surgery.    51.  Berncastle  on  Amauro  sis  from  Hydatid  Cyst  in  the  Brain. 

Midwifery.— 52.  Robiquet  on  Remarkable  case  of  spontaneous  rupture  of  the  Uterus  during  labour — Re- 
covery. 53.  Le  Chaptois'1  Case  of  Vaginal  Entero-hysterocele  reduced  by  taxis,  and  maintained  in  place 
by  the  introduction  of  sponges  in  the  Vagina.  54.  Kuhne  on  Rupture  of  the  Uterus— abdominal  section- 
recovery.  55.  Czajewski  on  Wound  of  the  Gravid  Uterus — premature  delivery — peritonitis— recovery.  56. 
Bennett  on  Inflammatory  Ulceration  of  the  Cervix  Uteri  during  Pregnancy,  and  on  its  Influence  as  a  Cause 
of  Abortion.  57.  Ccesarian  Operation  performed  by  Mr.  Skey,  at  St.  Bartholomew's  Hospital,  the  patient 
being  rendered  insensible  by  ether.  58.  Pochhammer  on  Congenital  protrusion  of  the  Liver  through  the 
umbilical  ring.  59.  Ccesarian  Section.  60.  Roux  on  Lacerated  Perineum.  61.  Depaul  on  Asphyxia  neona- 
torum.   62.  Klenclce  on  Diet  in  Infancy. 

Medical  Jurisprudence  and  Toxicology. — 63.  Taylor  on  Contested  identity  determined  by  the  teeth. 
64.  Blake  on  Poisons.  G5.  Delirium  Tremens  in  an  Infant.  66.  Hamilton  on  the  Echites  Suberecta.  67. 
Dupasquier  on  Vapours  of  Phosphorus,  Lucifer  Matches.  68.  Thompson  on  the  mode  of  testing  the  presence 
of  minute  quantities  of  Alcohol.  69.  Invalidity  of  a  Contract  made  by  a  Lunatic.  70.  Procuring  of  Abortion. 
71.  Lepage's  Case  of  Poisoning  by  Arsenic  relieved  by  the  use  of  Magnesia.  72.  Sale  of  Poisonous  Sub- 
stances. 

Medical  Education.— 73.  The  Edinburgh  Statutes  regarding  the  Degree.    74.  Medical  Organization  in 

Foreign  Correspondence.— Letters  to  the  Editor  from  London.    Sulphuric  Ether  in  Surgical  Operations 

American  Intelligence— Original  Communications. — Parkman's  Anatomical  Anomaly.  Tyler's  Ante- 
version  of  the  Womb  with  adhesion  of  Os  Uteri  to  bo4y  of  4th  Lumbar  Vertebra,  &c. 

Domestic  Summary  —Beck  on  Effects  of  Mercury  on  the  Young  Subject.  Brainard  on  Amputation  for 
Scrofulous  Diseases  of  the  Joints.  Baker  on  Case  of  Vicarious  Menstruation  from  an  Ulcer  on  the  right 
Mamma.  Allen  on  Singular  case  of  laceration  of  the  Broad  Ligaments.  WLean  on  Blindness  caused  by 
the  use  < 
Bodi 

of  hrHhpves°rai)roper'on'tne Tcauseof  thet!irculat'ionof  the  Blood.  Little  on  Ischuria  Renalis.  Hogan  on 
St™M,nin,»  in  Chorea  Deaderick  on  Excision  of  the  Inferior  Maxillary  Bone  for  Osteo-Sarcoma.  Cain  on 
Imnprfoiate  Prepuce  Couper  on  Medical  Schools  of  the  United  States.  Warren  on  Inhalation  of  Ether. 
^/rwM  on  Absence  of  one  Kidney.    Brainard  on  Dislocation  of  the  Elbow.     Gilman  on  Presentation  of 


^     T    mL— nroiaDsed  Cord,- cord  not  pulsating,  yet  child  born  alive.    National  Medical  Convention. 
Kfi--"". .  fi'vit'nnal  Medical  Convention.    Arrangements  for  the  Meeting  of  the  National  Medical  Con- 


Burwell  on  Absence  < 

D^etTeL'rJ'Na^^rMed.carConvention.    Arrangements  for  the 

venUon     Resignation  of  Professor  Warren.    New  Medical  Books. 

LEA  &  BLANCHARD,  Philadelphia. 


THE   TERMS   ARE 

„      ■l    *ir  j  „„t  iA„rn!,i  and  the  Medical  News,  if  paid  for  in  advance,  (owing  to  the  time  of 
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le  first  of  July, 

ivance,  -      One  Dollar 


Five  Dollars. 
rstofJuly,  Five  Dollars 


1848,  together 

man's  Physiology. 

m    Philadelphia,  May,  1847 


and  the  News  for  1847  and 
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32  LEA  &  BLANCHARD'S  PUBLICATIONS. 


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EDITED  BY  ISAAC  HAYS,  M.  D., 

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It  will  thus  be  seen  that  subscribers  obtain  about  FIFTEEN  HUNDRED  large  sized  and  solid  octavo 
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1969 


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Full text of "Medical lexicon : a dictionary of medical science : containing a concise account of the various subjects and terms, with the French and other synonymes : notices of climate, and of celebrated mineral waters : formulae for various officinal and empirical preparations, etc."

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