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FOURTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT

OF THE

BOARD OF INDIAN COMMISSIONERS

FOR

THE YE^lR 1882.

WASHINGTON:

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE.
18 8 3.

9277

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in 2006 with funding from

Microsoft Corporation

http://www.archive.org/details/14annualreport00unitrich

MESSAGE

FROM THE

PRESIDENT OP THE UNITED STATES,

TRANSMITTING

The annual report of the Board of Indian Commissioners for the year 1882

February 10, 1883. — Referred to the Committee on Indian Affairs and ordered to be

printed.

To the Senate and House of Representatives :

I transmit herewith, for the information of Congress, a copy*of the
report of the Board of Indian Commissioners for the year 1882.

CHESTER A. ARTHTJE.

Executive Mansion, February 10, 1883.

Department of the Interior,

Washington, February 8, 1883.
Sir : I have the honor to submit herewith the annual report of the
Board of Indian Commissioners made to this department in compliance
with the act of Congress, approved May 17, 1882.
Yery respectfully,

H. M. TELLER,

Secretary.
The President.

REPORT

OF THE

BOARD OF INDIAN COMMISSIONERS.

Washington, February 1, 1883.
Sir : The Board of Indian Commissioners, appointed by the Presi-
dent under the act of Congress approved April 10, 1869, have the honor
to submit their fourteenth annual report.

. MEETINGS.

Two meetings of the Board have been held during the year — one in
New York City, in connection with the annual letting of contracts for
Indian supplies, and one in this city, for hearing reports of tlie sev-
eral committees, and for consultation with, the officers of the Interior
Department having Indian affairs in charge, and with the Indian com-
mittees of the two houses of Congress. At the last meeting there
were present, by invitation of the Board, representatives of several re-
ligious societies engaged in mission and school work among the Indians,
and others interested in these objects. The proceedings of the conven-
tion will be found in the appendix, as wrell as the reports of the mission
boards, which show an increase of funds expended and of results ac-
complished.

THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.

Our executive committee continued the supervision of expenditures
in the Indian service and the examination of accounts until June last,
when we were relieved of that duty by the act of Congress approved
May 17, 1882, which provides that —

Hereafter the Commission shall only have power to visit and inspect agencies and
other branches of the Indian service, and to inspect goods purchased for such service,
and the Commissioner of Indian Affairs shall consult with the Commission in the pur-
chase of supplies.

During the period from January 1 to June 5, 1882, the total number
of accounts examined and acted upon was 868, covering the disburse-
ment of $1,725,348.16. The report of the committee is hereto appended.

THE PURCHASING COMMITTEE.

The report of this committee, of which Commissioner Lyon is chair-
man, explains fully the method of purchasing Indian supplies. Mr.
Lyon gives to the department the benent of his long experience in mer-
cantile business, and aids in the selection of competent experts as in-
spectors of goods when delivered at the warehouse. The competition
among bidders last spring was very great, 341 proposals being received

6 REPORT OF THE BOARD OF INDIAN COMMISSIONERS.

and 162 contracts made. Under the present joint management of the
Interior Department and the Board, no favoritism is shown — everything
is done openly and fairly ; and the parties who offer the most suitable
goods, and at the lowest prices, get the contracts. Some years ago we
adopted the plan of following, either in person or by agents, these sup-
plies to the agencies, and inspecting them when received. But this we
can no longer do with the limited means at our disposal.

LEGISLATION.

Through our committee on legislation we have used our influence by
suggestions and recommendations and frequent interviews with com-
mittees and members of Congress to secure the enactment of laws which,
in our judgment, will promote the best interests of the Indians and
peace between them and other citizens. Some of our suggestions have
been favorably received.

ACTS TO PROMOTE EDUCATION.

One measure, which we earnestly urged, and which was passed in
July, is an act to provide additional industrial training schools for Indian
youth, and authorizing the use of unoccupied military barracks for such
purpose. And in this connection we are glad to report increased appro-
priations for education. For the fiscal year ending June 30, 1882, the
amount granted by Congress for this purpose was $411,538. For the
current fiscal year ending June 30, 1883, the appropriations are $539,200.
And the bill now before Congress for the year 1884 provides about
$713,000 for the same purpose. Though much less than the estimates
of the Secretary and the Commissioner, such increase indicates the
trend of public sentiment and of legislation towards an adequate sup-
port of Indian schools.

A school superintendent has also been appointed by authority of
Congress, whose duty is not only to inspect all Indian schools, but also
to report a plan for carrying into effect in the most economical and effi-
cient manner all existing treaty stipulations for the education of In-
dians, with careful estimates of the cost thereof; also a plan and esti-
mates for educating all Indian youths for whom no such provision now
exists. This measure, which we have recommended in former reports,
is a long step forward, and it gives us hope that in the not far distant
future Congress will devise still more liberal things, so that every Indian
child shall have the opportunity of education. We hardly dare to hope
for a large number of such schools as those now in successful operation
at Hampton, Carlisle, and Forest Grove. But these and a few others
which will soon be opened in Nebraska, Kansas, and the Indian Terri-
tory, will educate teachers for a thousand boarding and day schools
which ought at an early day to be organized on the reservations. By
establishing such a system of common schools the question " What will
you do with the young men and women educated in your industrial
schools?" will be solved. All that are fitted for such work could find
occupation in 'eaehing among their own people.

ACTS RELATVG TO INDIAN LANDS.

Another act was passed, for which we made some effort, which pro-
vides for the Eastern Cherokees in North Carolina an agent, and author-

REPORT OF THE BOARD OF INDIAN COMMISSIONERS. 7

izes the Secretary of the Interior to investigate and report to Congress
what, in his opinion, would be an equitable settlement of all matters in
dispute between them and the Western Cherokees. These controver-
sies relate to the avails of land sold by the Cherokees at the time of
their removal west of the Mississippi; they have been long pending,
and have excited much ill feeling. It is hoped that they may soon be
terminated.

An act was passed in August last to provide for the sale of a part of
the reservation of the Omaia Indians in Nebraska. This law we con-
sider very important, because it also provides for the allotment of lands
in severalty to those Indians before any part of their reservation can
be sold, and for the issuing of patents in the name of the allottees,
the lands to be held in trust by the. United States for the period of
twenty-five years. Thus a beginning has been made which we hope
may lead to the adoption of the policy often recommended by this
Board and by the Commissioner of Indian Affairs of giving to all In-
dians a secure title to the lands they improve and use and to the
homes where they live. The general allotment bill embodying this
policy passed the Senate without opposition, but it failed to secure
the approval of the House committee, and has not yet been reported
for consideration. The chairman of that committee and some other
members are in favor of it, but the majority still hold to the old "sen-
timental n theory that Indians cannot adopt the Anglo-Saxon idea
of individual property right; that they will be more prosperous and
will work out a higher civilization by continuing to hold their lands in
common. We do not believe that all Indians should be forced to take
separate homesteads, or that all are ready to receive and improve allot-
ments. But we know that many are ready and anxious to receive secure
titles to their homes, and are capable of taking care of property. Sev-
eral tribes in Oregon and Washington Territory have been waiting long
for the fulfillment of treaties made in 1855, which guaranteed to them
separate homesteads ; the San tees, the Crow Creek, and the Devil's Lake
Indians in Dakota are anxious to have farms of their own. The same
thing is true of the Iowas and the Sac and Fox Indians in Kansas, and
of the Pahutes and Piutes in Nevada. The Peorias and Miamis and
Ottawas, of the Indian Territory, have petitioned Congress to have their
lands allotted and patented. They own these lands, having bought and
paid for them, and we can see no good reason why their petition should
not be granted. We should treat Indians as we treat ourselves, and
give them the right to do what they will with their own. Some, like
many white men, would make poor use of their property, and lose it.
But the policy of giving lands in severalty, so far as it has been tried,
has not been a failure. On the Bad Eiver Eeservation, in Wisconsin,
one hundred and thirty-one patents for 80 acres of land each have been
issued to Indians, and after clearing these lands with great labor the
owners already " realize from their cultivation an income sufficient to
satisfy their needs. The desire to acquire land and to make homes for
themselves is increasing among them." The Plandreau Indians, of Da-
kota, have taken 88 homesteads, under the act of 1875, which they hold
as their individual property. Agent Lightner says of them that —

They are making fair progress in civilization. I am told by their white neighbors
that they are looked upon as reliable persons to doal with ; that they pay their taxes
regularly; that they are opening up their farms^ind are good neighbors; but as a
rule they do not display as much energy in the work as white men. But I know,
from what I see and learn, that they are advancing, and I think they have advanced
rapidly within the last two years. There were some of them who sold out their
claims and left, but this has been a small portion.

8 REPORT OF THE BOARD OF INDIAN COMMISSIONERS.

Our belief is that many other Indians are just as capable as the Flan-
dreau Sioux or the Chippewas of Lake Superior of supporting- them-
selves on farms of their own. And our conviction is unshaken that it
would be wise policy to authorize and instruct the Secretary of the In-
terior to make allotments and issue patents to all Indians who deserve
them, and give evidence of ability and industry. Our conviction is sup-
ported by the testimony of many officers and agents who have had the
best opportunities for observation. We quote from only one. Agent
Parkhurst, of the Lower Brule Agency, Dakota, says, in his last report :

No land allotments have yet been made in this tribe. The land selected by the
Chicago, Milwaukee and Saint Paul Railroad Company has been marked out and the
bounds set. At present the Indians occupy a portion of* that tract. When they are
displaced they must seek a new abiding place. Many have expressed a wish when
this event shall have taken place to go further away from the agency headquarters,
and make a permanent settlement. Could they be assured that the land would be theirs
and their children's, as long "as grass grows and water runs," they would no doubt be
willing to thus settle. The land question is a vexed one that demands some definite
action upon the part of the government to satisfy them. Nominally owners of mill-
ions of acres, they feel that they may be at any time "moved on" at the will of the
whites, and they naturally feel that here they have no "abiding city." This feeling
acts as a check upon their making permanent improvements. No sane white man
would go on, build, houses, break and fence land, plant and surround himself with
the comforts of a home with the knowledge that at any time he might be driven forth
from his improvements and be compelled to rind a new home and start afresh. In my
judgment the greatest obstacle to the permanent improvement of the Indian is the
seemingly persistent manner in which his rights are disregarded by the government.
It would naturally seem that the original owners of the soil (recognized as such by
the United States authorities) should have as much right to a portion of the land that
is undeniably his as i ht* white emigrant or settler who may or may not possess any
other qualification than the accident of color over his red brother.

Those who have met the Indian upon his own soil, and have conversed with himr
must admit that if clothed with the rights of citizenship, made subject to the same
law as the whites, and holding his land by an inalienable title, would be the means of
lifting him from the position he now occupies, and investing him with a new incentive
to upward and onward progress. Let the government, then, recognize his rights, give
him his land forever, making it impossible to drive him out fiom his home, confer
upon him all the rights of citizenship, protect him, and at the same time make him
amenable to law, and treat him no louger as a child or ward, but as a man in the full
acceptance of the term.

REDUCTION OF AGENCIES.

By pursuing with wisdom and vigor this policy of settling individual
Indians on their own lands and requiring them to care for themselves,.
the number of agencies might, within a few years, be greatly redu. ed
and a large saving of expense be effected. We see no reason why
arrangements cannot be made for closing very soon the agencies in New
York, Michigan, Iowa, Nebraska, and Kansas, and some in Wisconsin r
Minnesota, and the Northwest. No one supposes that the reservation
system is to be kept up forever and a race of people kept forever dis-
tinct and perpetually dependent upon the government for support while
occupying vast tracts of fertile land that lies waste and uncultivated..
These lands will soon be needed by emigrants and settlers. Let the
Indians first have all they can use; then, rigidly guarding all their
treaty rights, let them be turned over to the States, to become a part of
the people of the States, with all the rights and duties of freemen and
citizens. We found that the best way to prepare the negro for freedom
was to make him free. So the best way, probably the only way, to-
prepare the Indian for citizenship will be to make him a citizen.

THE INDIAN TERRITORY.

Our secretary has recently visited the Indian Territory, giving special
attention to the schools both in the five civilized tribes and at the

REPORT OF THE BOARD OF INDIAN COMMISSIONERS. V

agencies under the care of the government. His report will be found
in the appendix. The conclusions reached by him after several weeks
of observation and extensive traveling in that country, confirm the
views presented in our report for 1874. We then recommended that a
government be established over the Territory, not inconsistent with
existing treaties, the legislative body to be elected by the people ; that
United States courts, with civil and criminal jurisdiction, be organ-
ized within said Territory as provided in the treaties of 1866; and that
the people have the right to be represented in Congress by a Delegate.
The reasons, which then existed for legislation by Congress for "the
better protection of the rights of persons and property within the
Indian Territory" still exist, and time has added to their force. Such
legislation should no longer be delayed. The number of citizens of the
United States rightfully residing in the Territory and engaged in busi-
ness there has greatly increased, and a large amount of property has-
accumulated in their hands. Many are employed upon the rail-
roads, and in mining operations \ others are trading, or raising stock,,
or cultivating farms. There are also teachers, and ministers, and
physicians, with their families. For all these classes there is no ade-
quate protection. If their lives or property are in danger, and they
often are, as in the case of the recent outbreak in the Creek Nation r
no court exists in all that country to which they can appeal. Nor are
the Indian citizens in much better plight. With several distinct local
governments, each claiming national prerogatives, it is easy for crim-
inals to escape from one "nation" to another, and so avoid punish-
ment. No one of these sovereignties claiming independence's strong
enough to protect itself. Whenever unlawful intruders encroach upon
its borders or intestine disturbances arise, as of late among the Creeks,,
an appeal is at once made for United States troops to keep the peace
and give protection. Such a condition of things ought not to continue.
A government should be devised, which, without violating any treaty
rights, will give to all residents in the. Territory, without distinction of
race, the equal protection of law, and make all citizens of the United
States. Such a measure would contemplate the ultimate abolition of
present tribal relations, the giving of lands in severalty to Indian citi-
zens, and the sale for their benefit of the lands which they will never need
and can never use. Under wise legislation the Indian Territory may
soon become prosperous, and be admitted a strong and wealthy State
into the American Union.

PROGRESS.

Looking over the whole Indian country and reviewing the period since
the peace policy, the policy, of justice and humanity, was inaugurated by
President Grant, we are encouraged by the progress that has been made
both in the management of Indian affairs and by the Indians themselves
in learning and practicing to some extent the arts of civilized life. The
methods of transacting the business of the Indian Office, of purchasing,,
inspecting, and shipping supplies, have greatly improved. Gradual
progress has been made in Indian education. The number of boarding
schools has increased, and in these schools industrial training is receiv-
ing more attention every year. About one-fifth of all the Indian youth
of school age are now attending either boarding or day schools. In in-
dustry and efforts for self-support many Indians are making substantial
progress. This will more plainly appear by contrasting the products of

REPORT OF THE BOARD OF INDIAN COMMISSIONERS.

Indian labor during the years 1868 and 1882, as shown in the following
table made up from the best sources of information attainable :

Acres of land cultivated by Indians

Bushels of wheat raised

Bushels of corn raised

Bushels of oats and barley

Bushels of vegetables

Tons of hay cut

Horses and mules owned

battle owned

Swine owned

Sheep owned

1868.

54,207

126,117

467,363 1

43.976 I

236,926 i

36,216

43, 960

42, 874

29, 890

2,683

1882.

569, 982
673, 933

1, 974, 421
436, 794
643, 945
158,947
244, 624
549, 932
424, 720

1, 304, 730

To this should be added other results of Indian labor, as follows :
About 80,000 cords of wood cut, nearly 5,000,000 feet of lumber sawed,
35,500 pounds of butter and 20,000 pounds of sugar made, robes and
furs sold worth $236,880, and 6,000,000 pounds of cotton raised in the
Indian Territory. At a fair estimate the value of these and other pro-
ducts is not far. from $5,000,000. Such an exhibit proves that the In-
dians, while yet far from fully supporting themselves, are learning the
lesson of self-help, the true foundation of welfare and prosperity.

To these hopeful signs of progress we may add the manifest disposi-
tion of many Senators and Representatives in Congress to legislate
liberal! y,and the greatly improved tone of public opinion, which now
regards Indians not as ravenous beasts, to be hunted and exterminated,
but as men of like passions with ourselves, to be treated as we treat
ourselves, and destined to become one with us, a part of our great
American Christian nation.
Respectfully submitted.

CLINTON B. FISK.

WM. H. LYON.

ORANGE JUDD.

ALBERT K. SMILEY.

GEO. STONEMAN.

WM. McMICHAEL.

JOHN K. BOIES.

WM. T. JOHNSON.

E. WHITTLESEY.
The Hon. the Secretary of the Interior.

APPENDIX

A.
REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.

Washington, January 2, 1883.

Sir : The executive committee have the honor to present the following annual re-
port :

During the period from January 1, 1882, to June 5, 1882, inclusive, we examined,
as required bylaw, 702 claims for annuity goods and supplies purchased under con-
tract and in open market, and for transportation and other services, amounting to
$677,831.60 ; also, 166 cash accounts of agents and inspectors, with vouchers for pur-
chases, pay of employe's, annuity payments and other disbursements at the agencies,
amounting to $1,047,516.56. These claims and accounts, after careful examination,
were all approved, four having been first returned to the Indian Office for correction
or explanation.

RECAPITULATION.

Unsettled claims examined 702, amounting to $677, 831 60

Cash accounts examined 166, amounting to 1, 047, 516 56

Total 1,725,348 16

We also examined and approved, during the same period, 32 contracts for supplies
and services of all kinds, making copies of the same for reference in the examination
of claims.

The act of Congress making appropriations for the expenses of the Indian Depart-
ment, approved May 17, 1882, provides that "hereafter the Commission shall only
have power to visit and inspect agencies and other branches of the Indian service,
and to inspect goods purchased for said service." This act relieved the committee
from the duty imposed by previous legislation of examining accounts, and since
June 5 none have been received from the Indian Office.

In behalf of the executive committee.

E. WHITTLESEY,

Secretary.

Hon. Clinton B. Fisk, Chairman.

REPORT OF THE PURCHASING COMMITTEE.

Sir : The purchasing committee of the Board of Indian Commissioners respectfully
submit the following as their annual report for the year 1882:

Sealed proposals for the annual supplies and annuity goods for the Indian service
were opened and publicly read at the government warehouse, Nos. 65 and 67 Wooster
street, New York, May 23, pursuant to advertisement from the Indian Bureau, in the
presence of Hon. H. Price, Commissioner of Indian Affairs, Hon. J. K. McCammon,
Assistant Attorney-General, representing the Department of the Interior, and the fol-
lowing members of the Board of Indian Commissioners: General Clintou B. Fisk,
General E. Whittlesey, William H. Lyon, Albert K. Smiley, William McMichael, John
K. Boies, William T. Johnson, and Orange Judd ; also a large number of bidders and
several reporters from the city papers.

The competition among bidders was greater than usual, as 341 proposals were re-
ceived— a larger number than at any previous opening during the existence of the
Board .

REPORT OF THE BOARD OF INDIAN COMMISSIONERS

Formerly a few favored bidders were sure to get the contracts, but under the pres-
ent management of Indian affairs tlie parties who offer the most suitable goods for
the service and at tbe lowest prices get the contracts.

After a careful examination of tbe large quantity of samples exhibited, 162 con-
tracts were made for supplies and annuity goods.

INSPECTORS.

Tbe following well-known business men were appointed inspectors, wbo assisted in
making selections of goods of best value from samples furnished, but more particu-
larly to inspect goods when delivered to see that they were equal in every respect
to the samples from which the awards were made, which duty was performed to the
entire satisfaction of your committee :

Mr. Albert Cornell, for dry goods; Mr. Joshua Barnum, for clothing; Mr. Robert
Currier, for boots and shoes ; Mr. D. D. Ives, for hats and caps ; Mr. E. R. Livermore,
for flour; Mr. E, R. Kilburn, for groceries; Mr. J. A. Dreyfus, for coffee and sugar;
Mr. Alexander Forman, for tobacco ; Mr. John DeWild, for harness ; Mr. E. L. Cooper,,
for agricultural implements, stoves, hardware, &c. ; Mr. J. M. Osborn, for wagons;
Mr. John R. Willis, for hardware delivery in New York; Mr. Phineas Ayres, for
paints, oil, and glass ; Prof. E. G. Love, chemist.

The thorough inspection of goods when delivered for several years past has shown
to contractors that it was useless to deliver any goods not fully up in quality to the
samples from which they received their awards. The inspectors report a great im-
provement on the part of the contractors in this respect, as a much less quantity of
goods were rejected on account of not being up to samples than in any previous Year.

Your committee are pleased to report that after persistently urging for several years
past, a change in the material for clothing, from worthless satinet and shoddy to heavy
brown duck and Kentucky jeans, has to a great extent been made. They think they
are safe in saying that it will be of at least ten times the service to the Indians. They
also take great pleasure in calling special attention to the increased quantity of agri-
cultural implements, mechanics' tools, household furniture, cooking utensils, &c,
which have been purchased and sent to the Indians during the past year. In their
judgment these articles, with proper instructions in their use, will do more to civilize
and assist the Indians to become self-supporting than all other purchases combined.
Many of these articles being very bulky were delivered at the place of manufacture,
and were inspected and shipped by Mr. E. L. Cooper, who reports that he visited Ilionr
Auburn, Seneca Falls, Geneva, and Buffalo, N. Y., Toledo, Ohio, Chicago and Quincy,
111., and Kansas City, Mo., and at these places inspected and shipped 16,534 packages,
of various sizes, weighing nearly 2,000,000 pounds. Full particulars will be found in
the annexed abstract of awards, names of contractors, articles and quantity purchased,,
prices paid, and where delivered.

WILLIAM H. LYON,
Chairman of Purchasing Committee.

Hon. Clinton B. Fisk,

Chairman Board of Indian Commissioners.

Abstract of awards made in New York City under advertisement of April 25, 1882.

BACON.

Names.

Quantity.

Price per
pound.

Where delivered.

Pounds.
239, 000
617, 000
2,000
2,500
1,560
6,150

$0 13£
18

Chicago. ,

Sioux City.

Mescalero Agency.

Colorado Kiver Agency.

Pima Agency.

REPORT OP THE BOAED OF INDIAN COMMISSIONERS.

Abstract of awards made in New York City, £c. — Continued.
BARLEY.

Names.

Quantity.

Price per
100 pounds.

Where delivered.

Pounds.
10, 000
5,000
66, 000

$3 25
4 50
3 75

Pima Agency, Ariz.
Colorado River Agency.
San Carlos Agency,

Baker, I. G-

400, 000

3, 000, 000

42, 800

75, 000

2, 800, 000

35, 000
400, 000

55, 200
2, 300, 000
1, 750, 000

1, 200, 000
6, 500, 000

374, 800

60, 000
200, 000

61, 570
6, 500, 000

900, 000

4, 200, 000
200, 000
225, 000

2, 000, 000
800, 000
200, 000
500, 009
300, 000
300, 000
320, 000
900, 000
400, 000

25, 000

40, 000

100, 000

4 20

3 66

5 95

4 20
3 54
3 54

3 54
3 54

3 54

4 15
4 30
4 15
4 09
4 25

Fort Peck, Mont.

Duncan, H. W

Quapaw (school). Ind. Ter.
Uintah Vallev, Utah.

Ft* Iter S. W

Kiowa, Comanche and Wichita, Ind.

Ter.
Pawnee (school), Ind., Ter.

I)o

Ponca, Ind. Ter.

Sac and Fox, Ind. Ter.

Hunter, D

Cheyenne River, Dak.

Merriara, W. R

Crow Creek. Dak.
Lower Brule, Dak.
Rosebud, Dak.
San tee. Nebr.

7 70 Carlisle. Pa.

Murphy, J. T

3 42
3 00

3 84

4 35
3 64

3 50

4 04
4 09

3 8S

4 09
3 43
3 87
3 87
3 87
3 87
3 87

5 25
5 25
5 25

Black feet. Mont '

Kay for, J. C

Newman, E. S

Oburn.W.C

Quapaw, Ind. Ter.

Pine Ridge, Dak.

Yankton, Dak.

Cheyenne and Arapaho, Ind. Ter.

Oakland, Ind. Ter.

Power, T. C

Fort Berthold, Dak.

Shields, W. P

Standing Rock, Dak.

Crow, Mont.

Fort Belknap, Mont.

Slavens, J. W. L

Fort Hall, Idaho.

Ouray, Utah.
Shoshone, Wyo.

Weare, P. B

Whvland, A. E

MESS BEEF.

BEAKS.

McAllister, F. E

Pounds.

40, 000

100, 000

4,300

850

350, 000

$3 89
4 25
8 45
8 75

7 75

New York.

Chicago.

Staab, Z

Navajo, N. Mex.

Whyland, A. E

COFFEE.

McKinnell, J. H.

New York.

REPORT OF THE BOARD OF INDIAN COMMISSIONERS.

Abstract of mcards made hi Xew York Cily, Jjc. — Continued.
CORX.

Xames.

Quantity.

Price per
100 pounds.

Where delivered.

Pounds.

600

25, 000

600

200, 000

750, 000

20, 000

20, OCO

163, 000

50, 000

75, 000

5.000

5,000

20, 000

15, 000

4,380

25, 000

40, 000

$2 25

2 00

2 15

1 95

2 00

1 28

2 08
2 08

2 00
6 00
5 95

3 28
2 95

2 95

3 15
2 65

Bayfield.
Browns Valley.
Duliith.

Caldwell.

Terminus of F. E. and M. V. Railroad.

Felt,G. W

Haywood. R. C

ELountz, "W. J

San tee.
Quapaw.
Cheyenne River.

Power, T. C

Raymond, N

Spiegel berg, L

Staab, Z .1

Fort Belknap.
Fort Peck.
Mescalero.
Pueblo.
Southern Ute.
Jicarilla.

CORN MEAL.

Oavis, A. C ....
Nay lor, J. C...
Newman, A. A.
Power, T. C...

6,000
18, 300
27, 000

2,000

$1 65

1 62$

1 65

6 50

Sioux City.
Quapaw, Did. Ter.
AikansasCity.

FEED.

Barclay, A .

i)o ...

Davis, A. C
Popper, C . .

15, 200

10,000

44, 000

9,000

$2 35 Bayfield.

2 25 Detroit.

1 75 Sioux Citv.

6 00 Uintah Valley.

FLOUR.

Barclay, A

48, 500

$3 50

Bayfield.

32, 000

3 25

Brainerd.

22, 500

3 40

Duluth.

100,000

3 60

Larimore.

Davis. A. C

500, 000

3 40

Long Pine.

Do ,

183, 000

3 10

Sioux City.

360, 000

3 30

Do.

Duncan, H. W

52, 600

2 47$

Quapaw, Ind. Ter.

Goldman & Co

900, 000

5 45

San Carlos, Ariz.

41,220

10, 000

' 10,000

85, 000

4 00

3 64

Haywood, R. C . .

3 64

4 00

Saint Mai vs.

Johnson. G>. H

Detroit

Kiesel. F. J

120,000

2 99

Fort Hall, Idaho.

151,000

60, 330

9,000

3 45
3 79
6 00

Rawlinss.

Xewmann, A. A

Sac and Fox, Ind. Ter.

Popper, C

Uintah Valley.

120, 000

6 15

Ouray, Utah

60, 000

6 15

Uintah Valley, Utah.

Power, T. C

150, 000

6 19

Blackfeet, Mont.

200, 000

4 92

Crow, Mont.

100, 000
350, 000

6 24

Fort Belknap, Mont.

4 89

Fort Peck, Mont,

Raymond. N

120, 000

4 73

Mescalero, X. Mex.

Sheafe. M. W

100, 000

3 07

Chamberlain.

100, 000

3 19

Do.

200, 000-
50, 000

3 33

Do.

Do *....

3 48

Do.

100,000

2 97

Sioux Citv.

100.000

3 09

Do.

2itn, Oo-i

:; :>:>,

D<>.

1 JO. 000

2 8 »

Yankt 'ii.

REPORT OF THE BOARD OF INDIAN COMMISSIONERS.

Abstract of awards made in New York City, <$-c. — Continued.
FLOUR— Continued.

Names.

Quantity.

Price per
100 pounds.

Where delivered.

Slieafe, M. W

Pounds.

100, 000

150, 000

1, 350, 000

115, 000

125, 000

18, 000

1, 200, 000

30, 000

50, 000

42, 000

$3 11

3 25

2 77

5 35

4 90

6 19

3 60

5 60

6 92

7 15

Do.

Slavens. H.C ...

Staab, Z

Arkansas City.

Navajo, N. Mex,
Lone Pine.

Wells, N. W

Wliyland, A. E

HARD BREAD.

Wevl, A.

325, 000

Saint Louis.

HOMINY.

Names.

Quantity.

Price per
pound.

Where delivered.

Acklin, G. M

Pounds.

29, 100

2, 200

850

1,800

9
. 2M

Chicago.

Staab, Z

Navajo (school).

Whyland, A. E

LARD.

Armour, H. O.

Chicago.

OATS.

Names.

Quantity.

Price per
100 pounds,

Where delivered.

Pounds.
8,000
35, 000
60, 000
20, 000
80, 000
25, 000
20, 000
20, 000
10, 000
25, 000
10,000
10, 000
5,000
4,380

$2 75
2 75

2 36

3 92
2 00

2 00
1 55
5 50

3 97
3 90

3 40

4 24

5 24
3 45

Bayfield.

Felt, G. TV...

Terminus of F. E. and M. V. Railroad-

Haywood, R. C

Southern Ute.

Kountz. TV. J

Do j

Crow Creek.

McGannon, J. Gr

Seneca, Mo.

Popper, C

Ouray.

Blackfeet Agency.

Power, T. C

Flathead Agency.
Fort Belknap Agency.
Mescalero Agency.

Raymond, N

Spiegelberg, L

Pueblo Agency.

OAT MEAL.

Acklin, G. M.

4,600

$3 75 Chicago.

REPOKT OF THE BOARD OF INDIAN COMMISSIONERS.

Abstract of awards made in Xew York City, <$-c. — Continued.
PORK.

Karnes

Quantity.

Price per
barrel.

Where delivered.

Armour, H. 0

Davis, A. C

Barrels.
990
258

$20 50
21 75

Chicago.
Sioux City.

RICE.

Karnes.

Quantity.

Price per
pound.

Where delivered.

x Pounds.
-John, G. A 49,000 $0 05$

New York.

SALT.

Names.

R. C.

Barclay, A

Do ..

Do ..
Penlon, E .

Do ..
Haywood,

Kountz, TV. J

McGannon, J. G . .
Miller, William A.

Popper, C

Power, T. C

Raymond, N

Staab, Z

Quantity.

Price per
100 pounds.

Pounds.
3,520
300
4,830
840
4,420 |
6,000
3,500

44,070
1,000
1,000

30, 120
990
4,600
7,300
2,600
9,100
3,880

12, 000

78, 700
2,000
7,000
6,500

15, 400
3, 500
2,000
1,500 I
5,000
4,000
1,300

$2 40
3 50
3 50
1 75
1 58
1 58
1 28.
1 33
1 75

1 75

2 04
1 75

3 96
1 17
1 10

90
1 10
80
70
50
25
25
24
00
50
85
1 60
5 24
7 50

Where delivered.

Bayfield.

Brainerd.

Detroit.

Duluth.

Muskogee.
| Otoe.

Arkansas Citv.

Cauldwell.

Netawaka.

Saint Mary '8.
I Wilcox, Ariz.
I White Cloud.
1 Southern Ute.

Crow Creek.
1 Lower Brule.
I Yankton. Dak.
'■ Seneca, Mo.

Bismarck, Dak.

Sioux City.

Fort Hall.

Ouray.

Uintah Valley.

Cheyenne River Agency.

Port Berthold.

Blackfeet.

Flathead.

Fort Peck.

Mescalero.

Navajo (school).

SUGAR.

Whyland, A. E.

1, 100, 000 $10 49 New York.

TEA.

Names.

Quantity.

Pounds.

Dorman, R. A 3,000

Do 4,730

Montgomery, R. M 1,225

Where delivered.

New York.
Do.
Do.

REPORT OF THE BOARD OF INDIAN COMMISSIONERS.

Abstract of awards made in New York City, $c. — Continued.
TOBACCO.

Names.

Inge, L. D.

Quantity.

Pounds.
48,000

Price per
pound.

Where delivered.

37£! New York.

SMOKING TOBACCO.

Ax, C

2,815

$0 38 New York.

Names.

Cramer, N. J

Do ....

Popper, C ...

Power, T. C .

WHEAT.

Quantity.

Bushels.

100,000

100, 000

6,000

18, 000

Price per
bushel.

$2 68
2 68
5 75
9 40

Where delivered.

Yankton, Dak.
Santee, Nebr.
Uintah, Utah.
.Flathead, Mont.

CLASS No. 1.— MACKINAC BLANKETS.

Names.

Dobson, John

Article.

2£-point gentian, 54 by 56 inches, 6

pounds pairs . .

3-point gentian, 60 by 72 inches, 8

pounds — pairs..

3^-point gentian, 66 by 78 inches, 10

pounds .* pairs . .

2-point green, 42 by 56 inches, 5$ pounds,

pairs

2^-point green, 54 by 66 inches, 6 pounds,

pairs

3-point green, 60 by 72 inches, 8 pounds,

pairs

3^-point green, 66 by 78 inches, 10

pounds pairs . .

2-point indigo blue, 42 by 56 inches, 5£

pounds pairs.

che

Quantity.

2^-poiut indigo blue, 54 by 66 inches,

pounds pairs. .

3-point indigo blue, 60 by 72 inches, 8

pounds pairs. .

3^-point indigo blue, 66 by 78 inches, 10

pouods pairs..

2-point scarlet, 42 by 56 inches, 5£

pounds pairs..

Oo j 2J-point scarlet, 54 by 66 inches, 6

pounds pairs . . i

Do 3-point scarlet, 60 by 72 inches, 8 j

pounds pairs . . I

Do 3|-point scarlet, 66 by 78 inches, 10

pounds pairs . .

605

1,514

1,000

256

725

315

931

2,631

5,270

3,179

310

1,052

1,673

753

Where delivered.

New York

...do

....do

...do

....do

...do

Price.

$4 38
5 84
7 30

3 83*

4 38

5 84
7 30
3 36
3 84

5 12

6 40

3 93f

4 50

6 00

7 50

H. Ex. 77-

18 REPORT OF THE BOARD OF INDIAN COMMISSIONERS.

Abstract of awards made in New Tory City, $-c. — Continued.
CLASS NO. 2.- WOOLEN GOODS.

Names.

Article.

Allen, J. &B

Ashburner, T. A . .
Buckley, W. T ....

Carruth, J. G

Chaffee, E.J

Dobson, John

Hood, Bonbright &
Co.

Jaffray, E. S

Thomas, A

Woolworth.E.B...

Scarfs do/-..

Shawls, V

Skirts

Linsey, plaid yds . .

Hose, women's woolen doz . .

Socks, men's, cotton doz...

Socks, men's, woolen doz . . I

Socks, boys', •••otton, sizes 8 to 10 J. .doz. . '

Cloth, saved list, blue yds..

Cloth, saved list, scarlet yds . .

Flannel, blue twilled yds . .

Mittens, woolen doz . .

Socks, boys' woolen doz . .

Flannel, red twilled yds . .

Sky blue kersey, 22 ounces yds . . '

Yarn, assorted colors. 3-ply lbs. . j

Yarn, gray, 3-ply lbs..

(Quantity.

11,122
6,944

69, 487
2, 062
535
1,822
100
5,650
2, 950

4L940

1,403

25, 165

700

1,211

Where delivered.

New York

...do

. do

..do

...do

..do

...do

Price.

$2 70

1 49
62*

2 65

1 08

2 40
1 10
1 27*

1 27^
34^

2 65

2 00

32Ttf0
1 85

CLASS NO. 3.— COTTON GOODS.

Buckley, W. T

Claflin,H. B...

Hobart, F. B

Hood, Bonbright &
Co.

Jaffray, E. S

Langford, T. H . . . .

Limas, C. C

Mandel, C

Milliken, S. M

Bobbins, B. A

Shedd, W. T .
Tefft, W. E .

Do :

Calico, standard prints, 64 by 64 .. yds.

do yds.

Sheeting, £ brown, heavy yds .

Canton-flannel, brown, heavy yds

Calico, standard prints, 64 by 64 yds.

Cotton, knitting, white lbs .

Cotton-bars, full net weight lbs .

Handkerchiefs, large size doz .

Shirting, calico yds.

Sheeting, £ brown, heavy yds.

Wadding doz .

do doz .

Canvas, for tailor's use doz .

Wicking, candle lbs.

Calico, standard prints, 64 by 64. . .yds.

Denims, blue ; yds .

Drilling, indigo, blue yds.

Drilling, slate yds.

Kentucky jeans do...

Shirting, hickory do. . -

Packing, yarn (cotton waste)' lbs.

Shirting, hickory yds.

Cheviot

Winseys yds .

Bed ticking yds.

Crash, linen yds.

Gingham yds .

Bed quilts doz.

Calico, standard prints, 64 by 64

Packing, hemp lbs.

Packing, yarn (cotton waste) lbs.

Warp, cotton, loom, blue lbs.

Warn, cotton, loom, white lbs.

Handkerchiefs, large, white linen. doz.
Cotton hose, ladie's, scarlet, sizes 8 to

9*, doz

Silesia yds.

Cotton, standard prints, 64 by 64.. yds.

do yds.

Gingham yds.

28, 000 | New York .
28,000 ' ..do

225,025 .

1,000 |.

88,000 j.

173 .

1,900 .

.do

.do.:

-do

1,632 ....do

6, 850

1, 0C0

400

145

40, 000

...do
.. do
.. do
...do
...do
...do
...do

...do
. .do
...do
...do
...do
...do
...do
...do

715
200
185

4:;o

240
140

ooo

395

550 I do

012
350
215
831

000
215
140
150
100
1(10

600

68, 000

8,000

27, 215

...do
....do
...do
....do
....do
....do
... do
....do
... do
... do

...do
...do
... do
....do
....do

$0 05&V

298

85*

20£
21
28*
10*
20
*ik

08,%

09/&

09x8*

10*

09/515

08^a
1 43

02f

12*

24
1 35

3 85
11*
05^o
05&

REPORT OF THE BOARD OF INDIAN COMMISSIONERS.

Abstract of awards made in New York City, $-c. — Continued.
CLASS No. 4.— CLOTHING.

Names.

Article.

King,A i

King,H.W

Numberg, E.
Do

Do.
Do.

Seasongood, L . .
Do

Simons, L. B .

Wallach, H. W .

Wallach, Henry-
Do

Do.
Do.
Do
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.

Do.

Do
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.

Coats.saek, 38 to 46, satinet or Kentucky
jeans

Coats, men's brown duck, unlined, 38
to 46

Pants, men's brown duck, unlined

Blouses, lined, heavy, dark colors

Coats, sack, blue, men's, for police of-
ficers

Coats, sack, sky-blue kersey, f#r officers .

Overcoats, boys', satinet or Kentucky
jean

Pants, men's blue, for police uniforms..

Pants, men's sky-blue kersey, for po-
lice privates

Overcoats, men's sack '..

Pants, men's satinet or Kentucky jeans

Sbirts, calico

Blouses, brown duck, lined, 32 to 46

Blouses, brown duck, unlined, 32 by 46. .

Coats, men's sack, brown duck, lined,
38 to 46

Overalls, brown due k

Overcoats, boys' brown duck, unlined ..

Overcoats, boys' brown duck, lined

Overcoats, me'n'ssack, brown duck, lined j

Overcoats, men's sack, brown duck

Pants, men's brown duck, lined

Suits (»oat, pants, and vest), brown duck,
lined, boys

Suits (jacket and pants), brow4n duck,
lined, boys

Suits (jacket and pants), brown duck,
unlined, boys

Sbirts, gray flannel

Shirts, red flannel

Vests, men's brown duck, lined

Vests, men's brown duck, unlined

Pants, men's blue mackinac

Shirts, men's blue mackinac

Quantity.

5,922

244
1,000
2, 536

814

721
107

954

8, 715

8,060

10,030

1,971

310

250

7,923

336

1,070

274

3, 570

Where delivered

977

311

15, 473

8,193

2, 955

512

214

New York.

..do

. do

..do

..do .

.do

..do

..do ........

.do

..do...

.do

.do..'

.do

-do

.do

CLASS No. 5.-BOOTS AND SHOES.

Claflin, H. B

..gross..
. gross . .
..gross..
..gross..
...doz..
..galls..
...yds..
...doz..

set..

..pairs..
....lbs..
....lbs..
. . doz . .
.boxes..
....lbs..
..pairs..
. pairs..
. pairs . .
. pairs ..;
.pairs.. !
. pairs . .

840

301

2,956

4,853

1
3

118

3,181

139

5, 647

7,000

9,817

New York

$0 50
25

Shoe laces, linen

Shoes, children s Nos. 11 to 13.

Shoes, misses', Nos. 13 to 2

Shoe lasts, assorted sizes

Shoe pegs, assorted sizes

Shoe web, for lining shoes

Sandstones

Boot-trees

Shoe-clamps

Bristles, shoe

Shoe nails, brass

Heel balls

Shoe eyelets

Zinc heel nails

Boots, boys' sizes, 4, 5, and 6 . .

Boots, men's, Nos. 6 to 9

Boots, men's rubber, Nos. 6 to £

Shoes, boys', Nos. 1 to 6

Shoes, mens', Nos. 6 to 9

Shoes, women's, Nos. 3 to 5.,...

Mills, W. B

.. do

...do. .

Bobbins, R. A...
Do

....do

..do

6 00
50

... do

...do

1 12

...do .

3 50

.. do

5 50

.. do

... do

St. John, J

....do

12
1 90

.. do .

2 30

----do

2 85

1 00

Wills, W. B

....do

1 20
80

CLASS No. 6.--HATS AND CAPS.

Corn, S Caps, boys' eassimere, black 3, 617

Do I Caps, men's eassimere ' 5, 060

Foster, J j Hats, boys' wool, black 6, 147

liurlhurt, W. II ... Hats, men's police, black : 1,156

Do Hats, men's wool, black ' 12, 557

REPORT OF THE BOARD OF INDIAN COMMISSIONERS.

Abstract of awards made in Xew York City, <$-c. — Continued.
CLASS No. 7.— NOTIONS.

Names.

Article.

Quantity.

Claflin, H.B

Hobart, F. B

Hood, Bonbright &.
Co.

Bobbins. B. A

Shumway, E. P....
Strasburger, A

Taylor M. S

Buttons, shirt, agate gross.. 1,011

Buttons, vest, horn do 284

Cotton, maitre lbs . . 719

Hooks and eyes, white gross.. lot

Needles, darning gross.. 71

Needles, knitting gross. . 21

Needles, saddlers' doz.. 70

Spool cotton, Nos. 20 to 50 doz. . 4, 496

Tape measures doz . . 8J

Thimbles, closed doz..| 472

Thimbles, open doz . . 159

Thread, linen, No. 30 lbs . . 2, 332

Thread, linen, No. 35 lbs. . 2, 332

Thread, linen, No. 40 lbs.. 2,332

Thread, shoe lbs.. 140J

Twine, sack lbs.. 211

Twine, wrapping lbs.. 178

Pins, brass, No. 2 packs..

411

Pins, brass, No. 3 packs . . 411

Pins, brass, No. 4 packs..; 411

Suspenders pairs. . 6, 414

Buttons, coat, horn gross . . 185

Buttons, pants, metal gross . . 515

Buttons, youths', agate- gross. . 485

Combs, fine, R. H. dressing doz.. 1,381

Gilling twine, No. 30 lbs . 1. 525

Gilling twine, No. 35 lbs . . 413

Gilling twine, No. 40 lbs.. 339

Mirrors. 8 by 10, German plate doz.. 160J

Tape, white', cotton .• pieces . . 2, 732

Buckles, pants ., gross. . 4

Buttons, uniform, brass gross . . 12

Buttons, uniform, brass, small ..gross.. 6

Combs, round, rubber doz . . 10

Needles, sewing-machine doz.. << 38

Twine (seaming-cord) lbs.. 4

Combs, coarse, R. H dressing doz . . 1, 391

Beads, glass bunches . . 2, 130

Needles, sharps M.. 2761

Needles, glovers M. . 69£

Needles, sack doz . . 61

Needles, harness papers . . 36

Gloves, buck, men's No. 1 pairs . . ; 1, 393

New York

...do

..do

...do

.. do

...do

.. do

...do !

...do

...do I

..do

...do

... do |

...do |

--•do j

...do

...do !

--•do

..do |

...do

..do

$0 02i
21
28
6|
90
32

it?

75
85
97
49
21
19

37
47
42
18*
36
12
9
31
70
77
85
3 00

18
5 00
2 50

1 10

2 40
11

4
1 16

CLASS No. 8.— GBOCEBIES.

Acklin, G.M

Hecker,|G.Y.. &Co

Oakley, J. A.

Robbins, R. A

Smith, W.H

Wh viand, A. E...

Allspice, ground lbs . .

Cassia, ground lbs..

Cloves, ground lbs..

Cream tartar lbs. .

Ginger, ground lbs..

Indigo lbs..

Mustard, ground lbs. .

Pepper, ground, black lbs. .

Soap, toilet for (Carlisle school) lbs. .

Baking powder in tins lbs..

Soap lbs . .

Bluing doz. boxes . .

Apples, dried lbs..

Candles, adamautine lbs..

Corn starch lbs..

Peaches, dried lbs..

Sirup in barrels galls . .

Sirup in kegs galls. .

Starch lbs..

CLASS 9.— CROCKERY AND LAMPS.

Claflin, H. B I Lamp-wicks, No. 0 doz.. 128

Do { Lamp-wicks, No. 1 doz..; 287

Do I Lamp-wicks, students, No. 1 doz . . 120

Davenport, "W. "W . I Casters, dinner doz . .] 3

New York $0 01|

....do 02£

....do 05*

....do 11 90

REPORT OF THE BOARD OF INDIAN COMMISSIONERS.

Abstract of awards made in New York City, fyc. — Continued.
CLASS 9.— CROCKERY AND LAMPS— Continued.

Names.

Davenport, W. W

Bobbins, R. A

Shaw, J. M

Woodhouse, J. H

Article.

Crocks, 2 gallon doz.

Crocks, 1 gallon doz .

Crocks, 3-gallon doz.

Cups and saucers, coffee doz.

Cups and saucers, tea doz.

Lamps, glass, burner, and chimney . doz.

Lamp-chimneys, burner No. 0 doz.

Lamp-chimneys, burner No. 1 doz .

Lamp-chimneys, burner No. 2 doz.

Lamp-chimneys, sun-hinge No. 0 ..doz.
Lamp-chimneys, sun-hinge No. 1 ..doz.
Lamp-chimneys, sun-hinge No. 2 ..doz.
Lamp-chimneys for student lamp. .doz.

Lanterns, tin-globe doz .

Pitchers, pint, ironstone doz .

Pitchers, quart, ironstone doz .

Pitchers, water, ironstone doz .

Plates, dinner, ironstone doz .

Plates, pie, ironstone doz.

Plates, sauce, ironstone... ...doz.

Plates, tea, ironstone doz .

Reflectors, lamp : doz.

Tumblers doz .

Washbowls and pitchers doz .

Bowls, gallon, ironstone doz.

Bowls, pint, ironstone doz.

Bowls, quart, ironstone doz .

Lamps, glass, with bracket doz.

Lamps, tin, with burners doz.

Salt sprinklers doz.

Pitchers, molasses doz .

Platters, meat, 13 by 20 inches doz.

Lamps, students, No. 1 doz .

Quantity.

"Where delivered,

'if*

New York . .

...do

9£
2701
881
12

.. do

....do

.. do

....do

117

....do

.. do

....do

28i

....do

58T5Z

....do

23|

....do

246

....do

461

....do

731 ,

....do

....

34^

....do

....

7 7
'T2

...do

....

108

...do

27r55

....do

...do

120

....do

...do

15|

....do

... do

...do

Price.

CLASS No. 10.— FURNITURE AND "WOODEN WARE.

Acklin, G. M

Composite Iron
Works.
Do

Convant, W. N . . .

Con over, C. H

Crane, L. H

Do •

Howell, G. H

Do...!

Hundley, V. G....
Robbin, R. A

Woodhouse, J. H .

Brooms doz . .

Bedsteads, wrought-iron frame, 6 feet

long 4 feet wide. .. . ;

Bedsteads, iron frame, 6 feet long 6 feet

wide

Desks, office each..'

Handles, pick doz..i

Baskets, clothes, large doz . . \

Baskets, measuring one-half bushel . doz . . \

Baskets, one bushel doz . .

Bowls, wooden, chopping doz . .

Chairs, reed-seat doz..

Chairs, wood, solid seat, low back. doz..
Chairs, wood, office, solid seats,

arms doz . .

Desks, school, seats double each..

Desks, school, with seats, single .each..

Handles, hoe doz . .

Handles, plow, left-hand ... doz . . j

Handles, plow, right-hand doz..]

Measures, peck, wood doz . . j

Measures, one-half bushel, wood.. doz..

Wringers, cloths each . .

Bedsteads, wood, 6 by 4 each. . !

Bedsteads, wood, single, 6 by 3. . .each. . j

Handles, ax, hickory doz..

Brooms . ... doz . . !

Clothes-pins gross.. |

Pails, wood, 3 iron hoops ..doz..j

Rolling-pins, 2£ by 13 inches doz..

Washboards doz . .

Washing-machines each 1

Wash tubs, cedar, No. 2 doz. . !

Bureaus, three drawers each . . I

Handles, hay fork doz . . j

Handles, spade doz . . i

Washstauds, wood each . .

200
45
118

Chicago

New York

....do

19
49

Chicago

6TB*

....do

12*

44A
13

....do

...do

....do

2421
188

...do

. . do

...do

231

...do

2 A

. do

...do

....do

702

121

1,5611

219

51
216

211
1791

...do

-- do j

New York

....do !

...do

.. do

...do

154i%
163

...do

.do

65
131
141

....do

22 REPORT OF THE BOARD OF INDIAN COMMISSIONERS.

Abstract of awards made in Neiv York City, $c. — Continued.
CLASS No. 11.— HARNESS, SADDLES, LEATHER, &C.

Names.

Hansell, S. F ..

Peters, George.

Do ..

Article.

Robins, R. A

Woodhouse, J. H

Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.

Chains, halter, with snap, No. 0.. .doz..

Hames, Concord pairs. .

Rings, halter gross . .

"Wax, saddlers' lbs..

"Wax, shoemakers' lbs..

I Bridle-bits, x. c. ring , doz..

| Buckles, collar, 1£ inch pairs . .

| Leather, calfskins lbs . .

: Leather, kip lbs. .

j Wax, saddlers' lbs . .

Wax, shoemakers' lbs . .

! Inks, pints for leather doz. .

Sheep skins doz..

Bags, nose doz . .

Bridle bits, tinned doz. .

Cinchas, hair doz..

Collars, horse, large doz . .

Collars, horse, medium doz . .

Collars, mule doz . .

Harness, double, with breeching ..sets..

Harness, double, without breeching, sets. .

Harness, plow, double :sets . .

Leather, harness lbs. .

Leather, lace sides .

Saddles

Surcingles doz . .

Brushes, horse doz..

Leather, sole, hemlock lbs..

Leather, sole, oak lbs..

Buckles, harness, |-inch gross. .

Buckles, harness, |-inch gross . .

Buckles, harness, £-inch gross . .

Cockeyes, lj-inch doz..

Rings." harness gross. .

Buckles, roller, harness i/inch... gross..

Buckles, roller, harness, 2-inch... gross..

Buckles, roller, harness, 1-inch ..gross..

Buckles, roller, harness, ] £-inch. gross. .

Buckles, trace, 1^-inch pairs..

Buckles, trace, 2-inch pairs . .

: Rings, harness gross. .

do pairs . .

Clips, trace pairs . .

Rings, breeching .' gross . .

Rivets, hame, No. 7 lbs..

Quantity, i Where delivered. Price.

12J
105
10
54
18
40
72
500
500
40
13
8
4
8i

12
61JS

21|
243
189
44
12,486
101
38
9i
18*
1,620
1,880
30
18
6
1
12
31
14*
16*8
24i
104
73

■«*|
6i

300

7 I

io !

New York \

... do

....do

...do

....do

...do

... do

....do

...do

....do

...do

....do

... do....-

....do !

....do

....do.

....do I

...do

...do !

... do

...do I

... do

...do ;

... do

....do !

....do I

---■do

....do I

....do

...do

... do

....do

....do j

do I

...do

....do

....do |

... do

...do

74
1 50
40
15
80
12
90
74
15
15

1 25
7 50

4 50
90

6 50
13 50
13 50
13 50
18 76
15 87
11 22
33
55

9 25

2 88

5 60
23|
32|
75

1 00
88
30
15
48
62J
86

1 16

1 36
10

CLASS No. 12.— MISCELLANEOUS.

Cowles, A. A ! Clocks, 8-dav

Crane, S. H . . .

Howard, E. T.
Robbins, R. A .

Do..

27 ' New York .

A xle grease, cases, 2 dozen boxes each,
doz

Bath-brick doz .

Machines, sewing, domestic-cover, &c.

Bags, grain, 2J-bushel doz..|

Bags, manila paper *...M.. j

Bags, manila paper, 2-pound M. . !

Bags, manila paper, 3-pound M. .

Bags, manila paper, 4-pound M. .

Bags, manila paper, 5*pound M. .

Do I Bags, manila paper, 6-pound M..

Do | Bags, manila paper, 7-pound M. .

Do Bags, manila paper, 8-ponnd M..

Do Bags, manila paper, 10-pound M..

Do j Bags, manila paper, 12-pound M..

Do Bags, manila paper, 14-pound M. .

Do Bags, mauila paper, 16-pound M..

Do '■ Bags, manila paper, 20-pound M..

Do Bags, manila paper, 25-pound M..

Do Beeswax lbs . .

Do Blacking, shoe boxes . .

Do Churns. 10-gallon

Do . Brushes, shoe do/..

Wakeman, H. T... Machines, sewing, Sin ger, cover, &c ..

622

13£

222

3, 000

15, 000

17, 000

15, 000

11, 500

7,000

500

1,000

2,500

500

1, 000

5,500

110

1,329

...do
...do
..do
.. do
...do
...do
.. do
...do
...do
...do
...do
...do
.. do
...do
...do
...do
...do
...do
.. do
. . .-do
.. do
...do
.. do

$2 30

29 50

2 00

1 20

1 50

1 87

2 18

2 55

3 00
3 30
3 60
3 90

5 75

6 23

6 75

7 50

8 25
39

1 80

2 20
21 00

REPORT OF THE BOARD OF INDIAN COMMISSIONERS.

Abstract of awards made in New York City, $g. — Continued.
CLASS No 14.-AGEPOTJLTUEAL IMPLEMENTS.

Names.

Allen. E. H...
Conn, A. B....
Conover, C. H.
Crane, S. H...
Do

Do.

Deere, C. H.

Do.

French

Herendeen, E. W.
King, H

Lamson, A. G

Pearey, J. S . .

Do.

Eobbins, E. A.
Sise, H. F

Wakeman, H. T . .

Do.
Do.

Article.

Quantity.

Seeders, broadcast, hand
Corn-shellers.

Puinps, iron, open top, 3-inch cylinder..

Ox-bows, 2-inch doz..

Eakes, garden, cast-steel, 12 teeth, han-
dled doz..

Eakes, hay, wood, 12 teeth, 2 bows, doz. .

Scy the-snaths doz . .

Seed drills

Seeders, broadcast, 1-horse

Wheelbarrows, garden

Yokes, ox, large, oiled and painted \

Yokes, ox, medium, oiled and painted...!

Plow-beams for 11-inch plow

Plow-beams for 12-inch plow

Plow-beams for 14-inch plow I

Plow-beams for 12-inch breakers

Plow-beams for 14-inch breakers

Machines, thrashing, 6-horse power. . . .
Corn-planters, hand

Corn-planters, 1-horse

Corn-planters, 2-horse

Cultivators. 2-horse

Fanning-mills

Plows, breaking, 12-inch

Plows, breaking, 14-inch

Plows, shovel, double

Plows, shovel, single

Plows, 7-inch, cast-steel, ^ -horse

Plows, 8-inch, cast-steel, 1-horse

Plows, 9-inch, cast-steel, 1-horse

Plows, 10-inch, cast-steel, 2-horse I

Plows, 11-inch, cast-steel, 2-horse

Plows, 12-inch, cast-steel, 2-horse j

Plows, 14-inch, cast-steel, 2-horse i

Eakes, hay. sulky doz . . I

Machines, threshing, lO.horse power...!

Harrows, 40 teeth

Scythes, grass, assorted, 36 to 40 inches

doz i

Cradles, grain, 5-finger, with scythes.. .
Machines, mowing, 2 dozen knives . .
Machines, mowing 2 dozen knives . .

Machines, mowing, with all fixtures and
1 dozen extra knives

Machines, reaping, 2 dozen extra knives. I

Feed cutters

Eakes, malleable iron, handled, 12-teeth j
doz j

Cultivators, 2-horse I

Pumps, wood

Pump tubing, wood, 18 feet sections,
per foot |

Sickles, No. 3, grain doz..!

Wheelbarrows, all iron doz..

CLASS No. 15.— WAGONS.

Hamby, W. E...

Eosenfield, M...

Studebaker Bros

Wagons, size 2| by 8J

Wagons, size 3

Wagons, size 3fc by 10|

Wagons, size 3

Wagons, size 3£

Wagons, size 3$

Wagons

Wagons, narrow track

Wagons, size 3 J, narrow track.
Wagons, size 3|, wide track . . .
Wagons, size 3J, narrow track.
Wagons, size 3£, wide track . . .

12
15
18
01*

29|
81
98*
8
11
55
326
56

99
126
158

16
8

13 •

27 !

25 I
258
180

85
2

not

10
76
76

Where delivered.

New York

....do

Chicago...
do

....do

...do

....do

Chicago, Kansas

City, or Saint

Louis.

....do

..-.do

....do

....do ;

....do

...do

....do

Chicago

Price.

New York

Chicago

Kansas City,
Sioux City,
Saint Paul
and Omaha.

Chicago

New York

....do

...do

$4 50
5 50
2 10
2 85

4 00

1 75
4 75

47 00
22 00

2 90

3 75
3 25

50
50
58
58
65
360 00
1 00

15 00
33 00
15 00
13 00

12 50

13 50
2 75

2 00

3 90

4 25
4 50
6 50
6 50

8 00

9 00

17 00
427 00

8 50

6 43

18 25
44 00
46 25

44 00

68 00

6 29

2 23
6 50
2 50

07£

2 85
8 20

120

Kansas City . .

....do

Sioux City

....do

San Francisco

....do

...do

....do

$40 00
42 50
47 50
42 00

44 00

45 00
70 50
73 50
77 00
77 50

84 00

85 00

REPORT OF THE BOARD OF INDIAN COMMISSIONERS.

Abstract of awards made in New York City, j-c. — Continued.
CLASS No. 15.— WAGONS-Continued.

Names.

Article.

Quantity. Where delivered.

"Wagons, size 3£, narrow track .
"Wagons, size 3£, wide track . . .

"Wagons, log

Studebaker Bros

Webster, E. A Wagons, size 2|

Do i Wagons, size 3 .

Do ! Wagons, size 3J

Do Wagons, size 3|

Do ( Wagons, size 3£

16
144

12
144

Sioux City .
.do

6 I Chicago
6 I

Price.

Kansas City

Chicago ..!

...do

Sioux Citv

$49 00
49 50
87 50
91 25

38 00

39 00

40 00
42 00
44 00

CLASS No. 16. -PAINTS AND OILS.

Cohn, A.B I

Lawrence, J. J

Michael, J. K

Page, J. S

Do i

Do I

Page, J. S

Do I

Do i

Bobbins, P. A

Do,

Woodhouse, J. H..

Tarnish, copal galls .

Lead, white, pure, best lbs .

Paper, building lbs.

Japan lbs .

Lampblack, in papers lbs.

Lead, red, standard, dry lbs .

Ocher, Rochelle, in oil * lbs .

Paint, roof gallons.

Turpentine in cans, cased do . .

Umber, burnt, in oil, ground., pounds.

Whiting do..

Chinese vermilion do. .

Chrome, yellow, in oil do. .

Coal tar gallons .

Oil. kerosene, 150 fire test do. .

Oil, linseed, raw, in cans 4o . .

Oil, linseed, boiled, in cans do .

Oil. harness, in cans do .

Paper, tarred lbs .

Chinese scarlet, dry lbs .

Drop, black, Japan lbs .

French green lbs .

"Varnish, coach galls.

Headlight oil. in barrels galls.

Oil, lard, good, in cans galls.

Oil, lubricating, mineral, in cans. galls.
Oil, sewing machine hot.

New York $1 15

Chicago 06*

New York 03*

....do 64

....do 08

....do 06|

....do 07

New York $0 73

....do 65

... do 10

...do 01

....do 90

do 15

... do 25

..do 34

....do 68

...do 71

do 75

....do 02|

Carlisle. Pa 19

.. do 22

...do 23

...do.. 2 00

...do 14

. do 99£

....do 18J

..do 05

CLASS No. 17.— TIN AND STAMPED WARE.

Conover, C. H ; Candle molds, stand of 8 molds — doz . . 5

Do | Candlesticks, planished tin, 6-inch doz.. 127$ .

Do I Graters, nutmeg doz.. 3J .

Do | Match safes, Japanned iron doz.. (5

Do Punches, tinners hollow $-inch doz.. 1

Do Punches, tinners, hollow, f-inch . . .doz. . 1$

Do Teapots planished tin 4-pint doz . . 20

Crane, S. H Boilers, wash ix, tin copper-bottomed 8& .

■. doz.

Do Coffee boilers. 4 quart, plain tin .. .doz.. 15 .

Do Coffee mills, side No. 1 doz.. 62H -

Do Dippers, 1 quart, long iron handle .doz.. 316| .

Do Dippers, 2 quart, long iron handle doz . . 52| .

Do Pans, dust, Japan doz.. 14 .

Do Pans, fry, No. 4, wrought iron doz . . 468J . .

Do Scoops, grocer's hand, No. 20 doz..| 2£ .

Do Scoops, grocer's hand, No. 40 doz.. 6|'.

Do Shears, tinner's bench, No. 4 doz.. 3

Do Shears, tinner's hand, No. 7 doz.. 6

Do Shears, tinner's hand, No. 9 doz.. 8

Do Solder lbs.. 407

Digersoll, J. E Cups, pint, stamped tin doz.. 200 :

Do Cups, quart, stamped tin doz.. 250 .

Do Pans, 4 quart, tin stamped doz.. 10© .

Do Pans, 6 quart, tin stamped doz. 200 .

Do Wash basins, stamped tin, 11-inch . doz . . 164 > .

Martin. E. W I Buckets, galvanized iron, 2 gallon. doz. . 75 i

Bobbins, B. A Coffee mills, iron hopper, box No. 3. doz . . 120f2

Do Pans, 1 quart, pudding, stamped ..doz.. 11 lg

Do Pans, 2 quart, pudding, stamped . . doz . . 239TV

Do Pans, dish, 17 quart, stamped doz.. 65|

Do Plates, stamped tin. 9-inch... doz.-j 136

Chicago
...do ...
...do...
...do...
...do...
Chicago
...do ...
...do...

...do

.. do

...do

...do I

...do !

.. do !

...do I

New York I

...do

.. do

. do

Chicago j

...do

$2 35
45
20

1 55
4 20

3 00

2 25
14 40

2 25

4 40
75
85
80

1 55

1 91

2 93
4 20
2 15
1 25

14
40

1 10
90

4 00

2 95
68
90

4 15
35

REPORT OF THE BOARD OF INDIAN COMMISSIONERS.

Abstract of awards made in New York City, Sfc. — Continued.
CLASS No. 17.— TIN AND STAMPED WARE— Continued.

Name.

Article.

Quantity.

Where delivered.

Price.

Roberts, R. A

Plates, stamped tin, 9-inch dinner. doz..

Plates, stamped tin 9- inch pie doz .

Kettles, galvanized iron, stamped 7^qts

838
75
52*

Mil

896

756

New York

. . do . . .

$0 24
24

Shepard, H. W

... do

3 57

....do

Kettles, plain iron stamped, 14 qts.doz.
Kettles, camp (nest of three 7, 14, 11, qts)

iron nest doz..

Kettles, camp( nest of three, 7, 11, and 14

qts) plain iron nest doz..

Kettles, galvanized iron stamped, 11 qts

doz •

Kettles, galvanized iron stamped 14 qts

3 75

...do

1 60

1 30

52i

52J

...do

4 13

....do

4 69

Kettles, plain iron, stamped 7 qts. .doz..
Kettles, plain iron, stamped 11 qts.doz..

Spoons, table, tinned iron doz . .

Spoon s, tea, tinned iron doz . .

101i
101*
1,098
859

....do

2 35

....do

3 25

Strasburger, A

...do

. . do

CLASS No. 18.— STOVES, HOLLOW-WARE, TIN, <fcc.

Cohn, A.B

Crane, S. H

Conover, C. H

Castle, C. H

Kahn, L

Robbins, R. A

...do...
Chicago.

...do...

.do

...do

.. do

...do

Sioux City .

..do

...do

...do
.. do

Caldrons, iron, plain kettle, 20 gallons . . 1 New York

Caldrons, iron, portable, furnace, 20 gal- 3 I do

Ions

Caldrons, iron, portable furnace, 40 gal- ] 8

Elbows, stove-pipe, 5 inch, No. 26 iron I 28

each

Elbows, stove-pipe, 6-inch, No. 26 iron 1,223

each

Elbows, stovepipe, 7-inch, No. 26 iron i 161

each

Polish stove , gross.. 17T7j

Tin, sheet, 10 by 14, IC boxes.. 30

Tin, sheet, 14 by 20, IC boxes. 24

Tin, sheet, 10 by 14, IX boxes. . 37

Tin, sheet, 14 by 20, IX boxes.. 53

Tin, sheet. 14 by 60 boiler, IX. ..boxes.. 5

Zinc, sheet, 36 by 84 No. 9 lbs.., 3,415

Ovens, Dutch, cast iron, 10-inch inside, i 734

Ovens, Dutch, cast-iron, 12-inch inside. | 568

Pipe, stove, 5-inch, No. 26 iron.. joints.. 530

Pipe, stove. 6-inch, No. 26 iron. ..joints. . 6, 060

Pipe, stove, 7-inch, No. 26 iron.. joints.. 913
Stoves, box, heating, wood, 26 inches l

long 68

Stoves, box, heating, wood, 27 inches

long 55

Stoves, box, heating, wood, 32 inches

long 173

Stoves, box, heating, wood, 37 inches

long 42

Stoves, cooking, wood, 6 inch, furniture

complete 46

Stoves, cooking, wood, 7-inch, furniture

complete 57

Stoves, cooking, wood, 8- inch, furniture

complete 402

Stoves, cooking, wood, 9-inch, furniture

complete 56

Stoves, heating, wood, sheet-iron, 32

inches ; . 13

Stoves, cooking, coal, 8 inch, furniture

complete 1

Stoves, cooking, coal, 9-inch, furniture

complete 2

Stoves, heating, coal, 14-inch 2

Stoves, heating, coal, 16-inch . 4

Tin, sheet, IX, 12 by 24 inches, boiler,

boxes 3

Bucket ears, No. 2 gross.. 2

Bucket ears, No. 3 gross . . 4

Bucket ears, No. 4 gross . . 12

Bucket ears, No. 5 gross . . 12

Bucket ears, No. 6 gross .. 6

Bucket, wood gross.. 20

..do...

..do...
...do...
...do...
...do...
.. do...
Chicago.

... do
...do
...do

New York

...do

... do

...do

... do

$2 75
10 00

20 00
10

2 50
6 50
6 50
8 50
8 50
2,5 50
07f
66§
78
15
18
20.

4 25

6 00

9 15
13 00
15 75

19 75

22 25
13 00

20 00

23 00
» 50

12 00

9 75
30
45
55
70
85
50

In addition to the above a large number of awards was made for hardware, me-
chanics' tools, medical supplies, and transportation. *

26 REPORT OF THE BOARD OF INDIAN COMMISSIONERS

C.
REPORT OF E. WHITTLESEY ON THE INDIAN TERRITORY.

Washington, D. C, December 15, 1882.

Silt: In obedience to your instructions, I left this city October 21, and at 4 p.m.
reached Carlisle, Pa., where I remained two days. Captain Pratt had just arrived
from New Mexico with seventeen raw recruits from the Navajo Reservation. The
contrast between them in blankets and paint and the clean, well-dressed, bright young
men who have been in the school a year or two is very striking. In the evening, Sat-
urday, the whole school assembled in the chapel for singing and recitations in English,
and to hear from Captain Pratt an account of his trip to New Mexico and back. The
scholars were orderly and attentive, and presented as fine an appearance as any large
company of children. The number present was nearly 300. Since that time the school
has increased to 380. Sunday morning, •ctober 22, in company with Captain Pratt,
I inspected every room, looking at every boy and girl to see that face and hands
were clean, the dress neat, and shoes blacked ; that the beds were properly made up,
and all articles in their proper places. Then came Sunday-school for the young boys
and the girls, which was opened iu the chapel with the usual service, and then the
classes taken to several recitation rooms by the teachers. The larger boys attend any
Sunday-school in town that they prefer. Sunday afternoon Professor Lippincott, of
Dickinson College, preached a simple sermon to the school in the chapel, and after
supper a social meeting was held, in which several of the older scholars took an active
part. This, I was told, is the usual method of spending Sunday at the Carlisle school.
By such instructions and services moral education keeps pace with intellectual.

On Monday, the 23d, Captain Pratt took 150 of his students, with several teachers,
to the bicentennial at Philadelphia, so that I did not see the full school in their reg-
ular week-day exercises, but I spent the morning examining the workshops and farm
and their products. I found young men at work, under the direction of teachers,
making wagons, harness, tin-ware, shoes, and clothing. They handled their tools
with skill, and seemed ambitious to do good work. The articles made, except those
needed in the school, are all purchased by the government for use at the Indian agen-
cies. During the last year the goods shipped were 13 spring-wagons, 1 buggy, 177
sets of double harness, 160 pairs of shoes, 6,744 articles of tinware, whose value at
government contract price is $5,713.84.

Many of the scholars who had spent the summer iu private families had recently
returned, bringing letters from their employers, which, with but few exceptions, re-
ported well of their good conduct and industry. Some brought in the money they
had earned, and had it deposited to their credit.

The industrial Indian school is no longer an experiment. It is a proved success.
One hundred such schools as this, planted in all the States and Territories, would in
a few years supplant the indolent dependent tribes with an intelligent self-support-
ing people. But a hundred such schools would cost $6,000,000 per jinnum! Yes, and
it would be wise economy to expend $6,000,000 per annum for such a result.

From Carlisle I went to Cleveland, Ohio, by the night train, arriving Tuesday, Oc-
tober 24, where I remained three days to attend the annual meeting of the American
Missionary Association. I served on the committee to which was referred the Indian
school and mission work of the association, and we reported a resolution, which was
adopted, recommending an enlargement of that work amounting to an increase of ex-
penditure of about $20,000 per annum. That end attained, I went on to Chicago,
where I delayed one day to see Commissioner Johnson and invite him to go with me
to the Indian Territory. His public duties forbade his joining me, and I proceeded
via Saint Louis, where I rested Sunday, October 29, and the next day went to Musko-
gee, Indian Territory, arriving at 6 a. m. Tuesday, October 31. Muskogee, destined
to be the capital of a new State, has a population of about 500, nearly all white peo-
ple and negroes. The office of the Union Agency is here in a small building rented
for that purppse, it being more convenient and economical to transact the business in
town than at the government buildings, three or four miles distant. At this agency
no supplies of any kind are issued, but some annuities are paid in money. The prin-
cipal work of the office seems to be hearing and settling controversies and difficulties.
Though the agent has no judicial authority, he acts as arbitrator, and in reality is
sheriff and judge and jury all combined. Agent Tuffts, who has held his position four
years, has gained the confidence of all parties, and very many cases are referred to him
which might be brought before the tribal or "national" courts. But there is great
need of a United States court in the Territory with jurisdiction over criminal and civil
cases between Indians and whites. Now such cases must be tried in Arkansas, and it
is a great hardship to compel witnesses and accusers to travel a longdistance by stage
at great expense of time and money. The result is that many are not tried, and crime
.goes unpunished. The agent being absent on official business when I arrived, I spent

REPORT OF THE BOARD OF INDIAN COMMISSIONERS. 27

the day visiting the schools. In the town I found three, all private schools. The
Harreli International Institute is the largest, and is under the care of the Methodist
Episcopal Church South. It is kept in the Methodist church, with a small annex for
the primary department, and has 70 scholars, I was told, though I could see only 49
present. Nearly all the children are white, but nearly all are Creeks and Cherokees.
The Methodist minister, Mr. Brewer, is the principal teacher, and he has one lady
assistant. I heard some recitations, the most advanced being in physiology. The
school has been in operation only one year and has no facilities for very effective work.
But the mission board or conference propose to build suitable buildings as sooii as
they can raise the requisite funds. The charge for tuition is $2 per month, and by
this the school is supported. I next visited the colored school, taught by Mr. Gregory,
who received his education at Straight University, New Orleans. He had just opened
•the school and had 16 scholars, all in primary studies. The order and the teaching
were good. Mr. Gregory will build up a good, school if he can be supported. He is
paid $1 per month for each scholar and has no aid from the public funds.

The third school in the town is a white school taught by Miss Fulton, and supported
by tuition like the others, the charge being $3 per month. I heard several recita-
tions, one in algebra, which were well couducted. This school is under the care of
the Presbyterian Church, and it is proposed to build up a boarding and day school
and open it to Iudian as well as to white children.

After dinner I drove 7 miles northwest across the Arkansas River to the Tallahassee
Mission, where I met Mrs. Robertson, who has spent her life in teaching the Creeks.
The mission building was burned about two years ago; since that a small boarding
school has been maintained by the Presbyterian Board of Missions, but they propose
to abandon the place and establish a new'mission school among the uncivilized Creeks
about 40 miles west.

Wednesday morning, November 1, 1 took the stage to Fort Gibson, 8 miles northeast,
in the Cherokee country. The road ran over prairie land several miles ; then across
the Arkansas River near the mouth of the Grand or Neosho. Along the river bottom
the lands are very rich, but only here and there a cultivated field. Fort Gibson is
on the Grand River; the military post is on a hill near the village, and has buildings
which would well accommodate an industrial school as large as that at Carlisle. It
has been once or twice abandoned, but just now is occupied by two companies of
United States infantry. Should they be ordered away and the post again abandoned,
the site and buildings could be put to good use by the Interior Department.

I called on Chief Bushyhead, a strong, well-educated Cherokee, who spent eighteen
years in California, and of course learned some lessons of industry and thrift. He
has a comfortable house, a farm of 200 acres, and raises stock. In the town I found
one public school, with 50 names upon the roll and 26 scholars present. The teacher,
Mr. Gibson, from Kansas, seemed well qualified for his work. Nearly all the scholars
are white, though all are Cherokees. All speak English. I asked those who could
speak Cherokee to raise their- hands ; none were raised. The most advanced class
had reached division of decimals ana* could read in the fifth reader. They recited
promptly and well. On the whole, this is a fair common school with a poor house,
and very few of th« modern facilities for teaching. The salary of the teacher is $40
per month, paid from the Cherokee public fund.

After dinner I went on 20 miles east over a very rough road, or trail, to Tahlequah,
the capital of the Cherokee "Nation." (I observed that all citizens emphasized the
word " Nation.") The country is part prairie, part oak timber, and part rocky hills.
On the way I counted 25 houses, nearly all one-room log-huts, some with stone chim-
neys, more with chimneys of sticks and wood. About those houses small fields were
fenced, averaging, perhaps, 15 acres to each. A few larger houses and farms were
occupied by white men, adopted citizens with Cherokee wives, or " renters." I saw
twTo small fields of wheat, some patches of cotton and corn, very badly worked, the
weeds and grass being as high as the cotton. There was no appearance of good farm-
ing, except where white men lived. t

At Tahlequah, a village of about 500 people, is the capital, a brick building with
the various offices of the government, one comfortable hotel kept by an Indian, and
several large stores. On the evening of my arrival I was fortunate in meeting Mr. R.
L. Owen, a bright young man educated at the University of Virginia, .and now secre-
tary of the board of education in the Cherokee "Nation." He informed mo that the
Cherokee school fund, amounting to about $80,000 per annum, provides instruction
for all the Cherokee children (white aud colored children are not admitted to the pub-
lic schools). They have one male and one female seminary, both boarding schools,
free to the younger scholars, and open to all older pupils who pass the examination
and pay $5 per mouth for board and tuition. They have also an orphan asylum with
150 children, and 100 common schools with nearly4,000 pupils. The common school
buildings are furnished by the people, and many of them are rude log huts without
windows, without desks, and having only puncheons, or split logs, for seats. The
teachers are paid from the public fund from $30 to $40 per month. Teachers are ap-

28 REPORT OF THE BOARD OF INDIAN COMMISSIONERS.

pointed by the board of education for a period of one term of five months. Natives
have the preference, and through political influence frequent changes are made and
much favoritism shown. The result is many very poor teachers, and often bitter con-
troversies between parties in the school districts.

On Thursday, November 2, in company with Mr. Owen, I visited the male semi-
nary. The building, situated on a hill a mile and a half from the town, is a large,
plain, brick edifice, with room for 120 scholars. It is much out of repair, and by no
means clean. The dormitory rooms are large, with beds for four or six boys in each.
A little Hampton or Carlisle discipline would greatly improve the appearance of these
room?. The principal teacher, Mr. English, a graduate of Oxford, Eng., had only just
begun his work here, but expressed confidence that he would soon have a good high
school. I found 90 boys present. The advanced "form" were studying Latin, alge-
bra, and geometry. Mr. English said he had 61 in Latin, 45 iu algebra, and 18 in Eu-
clid. He "could coach some of them for college in one year." The day being de-
voted to written examinations, I heaid no classes recite.

We then drove 4 miles to the female seminary. The building is precisely like the
male seminary, but in better condition, and the grounds about it better improved.
Miss Wilson, the principal, is a competent teacher, and maintains very good order.
She had ninety-two names on her roll ; I saw eighty-nine present. They are br ght-
looking girls, well dressed, nearly all white, though all Cherokees. I heard a class
in arithmetic, and four young ladies in algebra ; both recited well. These schools,
taken out of political control and endowed with the funds now used for their support,
the income of which is $23,000 per annum, and placed in charge of some permanent
board, on condition of supplying additional funds and organizing for each an indus-
trial department, might be made much more useful and efficient.

Returning to Tahlequah, I visited the town public school, taught by Mr. Dobson,
with Miss Butler as assistant. On the roll were 100 names ; 41 were present. I heard
several classes, the most advanced in grammar. The scholars seemed to understand
well what they were reciting. The teacher is competent to teach, but gives no at-
tention to order and discipline. Scholars were moving about the room, playing, going
out and in at will.

I next went to the Baptist mission school, in a private dwelling, with small, un-
suitable rooms. It has 60 scholars, some in advanced studies, Latin and geometry.
The principal, Mr. Bacone, is a vigorous, clear-headed man, and when convenient
buildings are built he will make this a good school.

I returned November 3 to Muskogee, stopping at Fort Gibson to call on Hon. Wil-
liam P. Ross, who has a comfortable home and a farm about one mile from the town.
Colonel Rossis a graduate of Princeton College, a lawyer by profession, and a man
of progressive spirit, too progressive to suit the majority of the people.

From interviews with many intelligent people, Indians, and others who have re-
sided long in the country, I received the impression that the Cherokee school system
is far from perfect The money expended, more than $20 per annum for each child of
school age, ought to support good schools for all. But the wretched buildings, the
method of appointing teachers for short terms, resulting in frequent changes — for ex-
ample, iu the male seminary there have been seven principals in three years— and the
political party influence that affects their management: all these things stand in the
way of rapid progress. But in spite of all, the present secretary of the board of edu-
ucation, Mr. Owen, is hopeful of great improvement in the near future. And if the
national council have the wisdom to keep him iu the office which he now holds, I
trust his hopes may be realized.

Saturday, November 4, I spent iu the office of Agent Tuftts, at Muskogee, exam-
ining the latest school reports, but they are too defective and meager to furnish any
satisfactory information.

On Monday I rode with Major Tufi'ts 7 miles to see some colored schools, but found
them closed on account of small-pox in the neighborhood. We passed several small
farms cultivated by colored people. They appear to be the industrious class of this
region. The teams that bring in cotton and corn to market are nearly all driven and
owned by colored people. The testimony of intelligent men here is that the negroes
work while the Indians live by renting lands to white men.

On our return we stopped at the Union Agency buildiugs, on a hill 3£ miles west of
Muskogee. One is a stone building of ten rooms, and one a frame building of six
rooms. There is also a stable, good cisterns, a large garden fenced, and abundance
of good land near by. All these are now unused, the agency office being now more
conveniently located in town, and they would furnish admirable accommodations
for an industrial school for the girls of colored people, of whom about four thousand
live in the Creek country. I at once wrote to the Baptist mission board, and urged
them to open and maintain a first-class school here.

November 7 I left Muscogee, at 7 a. m., for McAlister, 61 miles south. The railroad
runs through a wide prairie, all unbroken. Iu the 61 miles I counted 22 small houses
besides those at the railroad station, a few patches of corn and cotton, and some small

REPORT OF THE BOARD OF INDIAN COMMISSIONERS. 29*

herds of cattle, not more thau 150 head in all. No other use is made of a fertile coun-
try 60 by 20 miles in extent.

At McAlister I visited the Choctaw school, taught by Mr. Ross, a Baptist preacher.
The church is the school-house. It was very dirty and the school in disorder. But
the teacher is an intelligent white Choctaw from Mississippi, and his classes recited
well. He has on his roll 35 names, with an average attendance of 25. I saw 21 pres-
ent, a majority as white as boys and girls in a northern school. The teacher is paid
out of the Choctaw school fund $2 per month for each scholar who attends not less
than fifteen days. Mr. Ross informed me that a teachers' institute had just been
formed from which he hoped great good.

I next visited a colored contract school under the Baptist Home Missionary Society,
about 1 mile from town. This is taught by Mr. Banks, who was educated at Way-
land Seminary, Washington, D. C, a bright man who knows how to teach. His
classes recited well, and by well-put questions he drew out what they understood of
each lesson. The school-house is a neat church painted white, with green window
shutters, a cupola and bell; all furnished by a colored man, "Uncle Billy Yates," who
keeps a restaurant at McAlister. The teacher is paid for teaching and preaching a
salary of $550 per annum.

Procuring a horse, I rode 3 miles to a coal-mining village of about 1,000 people,
many from Pennsylvania, some from England, Scotland, and Wales. A private school
of 100 scholars is maintained here by tuition and by a tax imposed by the mining
company. It is taught by Mr. Lycer, from Pennsylvania, in a new, comfortable
school-house with modern desks and seats. The school was under good discipline,
and would rank as a fair primary and grammar school.

I then rode on 2 miles farther to see a colored contract school under the African
Methodist Church. I found the house, a rough board structure, but no school. I was
told that the conference had ordered the teacher to another station. The coal mines
at this place are worked by the Osage Company, which pays a royalty to the Choctaw
Nation amounting to about $75 per clay. They take out and ship. 60 car-loads of ex-
cellent coal per day. I saw at the depot three Indians at work handling freight.

At 8 p. m. I went on to Savannah, 20 miles south, and the next morning, November
8, visited a Choctaw school taught by Mr. Kilgore from Iowa. He has 47 names on
his roll, 33 Choctaws, the rest whites. For the Choctaw children he is paid $2 for
each scholar, and for the whites he charges tuition $1.50 per month Mr. Kilgore has
built the school-house of rough boards and furnished it with the best kind of desks
from Chicago at his own expense. The school was opened with Bible reading, 31
scholars being present. I heard classes in reading, spelling, and geography. The
children appeared bright, and recited well. The class in geography were very prompt
in pointing out localities on outline maps. Mr. Kilgore is a competent teacher, and
maintains good order; but the appearance of his, school-room would be much im-
proved by the occasional use of a broom which I saw in the corner.

I went on by rail the same day to Atoka, 35 miles south, and found there a Choc-
taw school taught by Miss Patterson from Washington, D. C. She has 40 names on
her roll, 23 of them Choctaws, and is paid, as in other cases, $2 per month for each
scholar who attends fifteen days. I heard classes in reading, grammar, geography,
and history. The recitations were prompt and correct. Miss Patterson is a good
teacher and works very hard to improve her school. But the system of supporting
the Choctaw schools is every way bad. It destroys discipline; for if a scholar is re-
proved or punished he leaves, and the teacher loses her pay. Then the local board
of directors who appoint the teachers are elected for political party purposes, and
they take very little interest in the school. The building is very poor and shabbily
furnished, not even a chair being provided for the teacher. Nothing else than a mis-
sionary spirit can keep a refined, educated lady in such a position. My visit, Miss
Patterson said, was the first indication of interest or encouragement she had received.

I next visited the colored contract school under the African Methodist Church. The
building is made of rough boards with no desks. The presiding elder, Mr. A. J. Mil-
ler, told me that he sometimes had 80 scholars, but they were very irregular, the
parents feeling no interest in education. I found 1 1 scholars present, all primary, just
beginning to read. The teacher had just been ordered to a new station, and the school
was not fully organized.

At Atoka and Savannah coal mines have recently been opened, and are worked by
the Atoka Company.

I reached Caddo, 10 miles south, the same evening, and November 9th proceeded
by stage, that is, buckboard, to Tishomingo, the capital of the Chickasaw Nation, 35
miles west of Caddo. The road or trail was over a prairie, bounded only by the
horizon, a silent, waste country, with only two houses in all that distance. The next
morning, November 10, I visited the Methodist contract schooT, 2 miles from Tisho-
mingo, to which I walked, as I could find no conveyance. I found a small log house
in the woods, lighted and ventilated by the cracks between the logs, with no desks, the
seats rough boards, 6 inches wide. The teacher is Mr. Talbot, from South Carolina,

30 REPORT OF THE BOARD OF INDIAN COMMISSIONERS.

a well-educate*!, gentlemanly young preacher. He has 15 scholars on his roll; 13
were present. He has no books nor other facilities for making a good school. It is
wrong to put such a man in such a position. It may be a good missionary held, but
not a hopeful field for a government school.

I borrowed the teacher's pony, and rode 2 miles to the male academy, supported
by the Chickasaw Nation at a cost of $9, 000 per annum. The council let it out on
contract to a native. He agrees to furnish board and tuition to 60 boys. Tbe build-
ing is of brick in front, with a long frame extension, the whole much out of repair.
The dormitories are taken care of by the boys (or supposed to be), and all were very
untidy. The school, now numbering 54, is taught by Mr. Perry, from Georgia, with
Mr. Conner, from Illinois, as assistant and music teacher. Mr. Carter, the contractor,
told me I would find his school equal to any high school in the States. I found a fair
common school in a poorly furnished room. I heard several classes, one in arithmetic
and one in Appleton's Fifth Reader recited well. A class just beginning Latin declined
correctly nouns of the first and second declensions. C< nsidering the means furnished,
I think Mr. Perry is doing quite good work. But the general appearance of the
establishment does not commend the plan of conducting boarding-schools by contract.

Returning by stage to Caddo the same evening, as I rode over the lonely, uninhab-
ited prairie, it was hard to realize that I was near the center of a populous band. A
part of the way I had the company of an intelligent Chickasaw farnier. He said he
"had selected good places- for himself and for his children, knowing that a change
must come before long." Other intelligent men, both Indians and whites, expressed
to me the same expectation. Many thinking citizens hope for a change, and are ready
and anxious for the organization of a State government. It will be weak and cow-
ardly statesmanship to put off much longer the Indian Territory problem.

On Saturday, the 11th, we had an experience of a genuine "norther," the mercury
falling from 80° at noon to 30° at night.

On Sunday I had an opportunity to see and to address a well-organized Sunday
school at the Congregational Church, where I found the best church edifice that I
have seen in the Territory.

November 13, remaining at Caddo, I visited four schools: the first, taught by Mrs.
Hotchkin, has 40 scholars on the roll, with an average attendance of 35. I saw 28
present, the severe cold weather keepiug some absent. The school- house is of rough
boards, with two old-fashioned long desks, three rude tables, and one wide board sup-
ported by old shoe boxes. The local directors take no interest in the school, leaving
the teacher to provide fuel and take care of the room. After the opening exercises of
Bible and catechism lessons, I heard classes in readiug, spelling, and geography. The
last class was quite familiar with the geography of the United States. On the whole,
though the order was not perfect, the school is a fair primary school, and Mrs. Hotch-
kin is an earnest and faithful teaclier.

Another school in Caddo is taught by Mr. Faulkner, who has 28 on his roll, 14 being
present. The house is much like that of Mrs. Hotchkin, and the teacher takes care
of it and furnishes the fuel. The school was in good order, and the recitations in read-
ing, spelling, and mental arithmetic fair for beginners.

After some inquiry, I found the African Methodist colored contract school ; that is,
I found the building, but no teacher or scholars. The building is a wretched room,
with no desks, with rough board seats without backs, and abundance of dirt. The
colored population of Caddo is large, and a good school should be organized there.

I next visited a third Choctaw school, taught by Miss Shoop, who has built her own
school-house, a rough board building, with some long plain desks. The floor was cov-
ered with mud, aud the desks besmeared with tallow, the remains of an evening
writing school. Miss Shoop has 29 on her roll ; 19 were present. She, like the other
teachers of Choctaw schools, is paid from the public funds, $2 per month for each
scholar, and collects what she can for white children. The whole system, I repeat, is
loose and bad. Any one who will find or build a room can get a permit from the local
board to open a school. Thus there are three Choctaw schools in this little town,
where there should be one good graded school.

The next day, November 14, I went on by rail to Colbert, 25 miles south, near the
border of Texas. After a walk of 3 miles into the woods I found a Methodist Episco-
pal colored contract school, in a log house, 14 by 16 feet. Some cracks were covered
by shooks. It had no window ; but the teacher, Miss Sweeny, said the people had
promised to makeone. Miss Sweeny is from Kentucky, a well-educated, genteel young
lady, competent to teach. She had 24 on her roll, with an average attendance of 20.
I saw 19 present, all primary scholars, just beginning to read. With a suitable build-
ing, Miss Sweeny would have a good school.

I next visited a Chjekasaw school, taught by Miss Thornton, in the Baptist Church,
a clean, comfortable house, though not provided with desks. Miss Thornton has a
fair primary school, but maintains no discipline or order.

The same evening I returned to Muskogee, where I nut Major Ha worth, the United
States inspector of schools, with whom, and Agent Tuffts, I spent the next day.

REPORT OF THE BOARD OF INDIAN COMMISSIONERS. 31

On Thursday, November 16, in company with Major Hawortff I left Muskogee, and
drove 40 miles west to Okmulgee, the capital of the Creek Nation. On the, way we
saw a few small farms cultivated by colored men. At Okmulgee we met Mr. Perry-
man, the treasurer of the Creek Nation, Mr. Pof ter, the governor's private secretary,
and Mr. Kramer, the United States postmaster. From them we learned that there
are now 30 public schools among the Creeks ; 8 of these for colored children. The
teachers are paid $400 per annum. There is also one Presbyterian and one Methodist
mission school, with about 120 boarding scholars each. For the support of each the
Creek council appropriate $5,600 per annum. There is also a Baptist mission school
of ^0 scholars. In all these the mission boards appoint and pay the superintendents,
matrons, and teachers.

The next day, November 17, we drove on 50 miles to the Sac and Fox agency. The
road ran through an uninhabited country, except a smatll house here and there, occu-
pied by Indians, with a few acres of corn, which our Indian guide said were cultivated
by Creeks; the cultivation seeming to have been confined to planting the corn, and
letting it alone to struggle for life with weeds and grass. The Sac and Fox Indians
are nearly all uncivilized in dress and mode of life. Agent Carter was busy the next
day paying annuities. Every Indian, young and old, received $42.60 interest on funds
in the United States Treasury. This gives to a family of five $213, and about six
months ago they received $53 each, or $265 to a family, making $478 during the year ;
enough to support, them in idleness. They do no work, wear blankets and trinkets,
keep no stock, except ponies, though they have a splendid grazing country all about
them. A few noble exceptions to this statement can be found. Keokuk, one of the
chiefs, an intelligent and good man, dresses like a man, lives in a comfortable two-
story house, works his own farm, and has a herd of about 700 cattle. Some others
are following his example, but nearly all prefer their old style of living in tents of
bark or mats. Their money in the treasury is their greatest curse, and will be until
they are educated to make a better use of it.

On Sunday, the 19th, a snow-storm caused a small attendance at Sunday school and
service in the chapel built here by the Baptist Home Missionary Society, which sup-
ports the missionary, Rev. Wm. Hurd, an Ottawa Indian. The Sunday-school super-
intendent is Mr. Pickett, one of the traders, who exerts a good influence over the In-
dians at this post. At the evening service Keokuk made an earnest address in his own
language. He has taken a bold stand, far in advance of his people, and sets them a
good example of enterprise and right living.

We spent the whole of Monday in the boarding-school. The principal teacher is
Miss Carter, the agent's daughter; the assistant teacher is Miss Beals, from Kansas.
They have 37 names on the roll — 29 boarders and 8 day scholars ; 33 were present.
The school is well governed, and the teaching well done. We heard all the classes.
All the scholars are quite young and all are in primary studies. The chart exercises
and object lessons for beginners were specially interesting. This school is supported
by an appropriation of $5,000 per annum out of the Indian funds. An industrial
teacher and farmer, a matron, a seamstress, and a cook are employed. The boarding-
house will not accommodate decently more than 30 children. The main building is
of soft brick, 48 by 27 feet, with a very poor back building. The kitchen, dining-
room, laundry, and store-room are in the basement. The first floor has rooms for the
employe's and a sewing room. On the second floor are dormitories for the children.
Twelve boys sleep in one room, 24 by 14 feet. To make a good industrial school, the
house should be repaired and enlarged so as to accommodate at least 75 scholars.
Then the school-house, which is a good brick building, would need the addition of a
recitation room. The Sacs have money enough, if they can be persuaded to use it,
to build up a first-class school large enough to educate all their children.

November 21, John Early, Wm. Hurd, and Joseph Wind, Ottawas, consulted me
about the allotment and patenting of their lands in severalty, saying that all the Otta-
was desire it except, perhaps, three or four. They number 122, and have 14,860 acres,,
which they bought in 1868 at $1 per acre. I advised them to send a petition to
Congress, and at their request I drew up the following :

" To the honorable the Senate and the House of Representatives of the United States in Con-
gress assembled :
" We, the undersigned members of the Ottawa tribe of Indians residing upon lands,
in the Indian Territory sold to the said Ottawas by the United States by treaty pro-
claimed October 14, 1868, do hereby respectfully and humbly petition that our lands may
be surveyed, and allotted and patented to the members of our tribe in severalty, with
such restrictions as -to alienation as maybe deemed wise. We were made citizens
of the United States by the treaty of July 28, 1862, and have ever remained loyal
to the Government of the United States. Since our removal to our present home in
the Indian Territory, we have improved our lands and have built houses. But inas-
much as we have no funds or annuities, we are unable to pay the expenses of survey-

32 REPORT OF THE BOARD OF INDIAN COMMISSIONERS.

iug and allotting our^ands. We therefore, humbly pray that this work may be done
at the expense of the United States Government, and by such agents or commissioners
as your honorable body may appoint."

This petition has been signed by 81 of the 122 Ottawas, and forwarded to my care
to be presented to Congress.

At 2 p. m. the same day the Indians desired us to meet them in council. We met
first the Iowas, of whom 89 are living here on the Sac and Fox Reservation. They
came from the Great Nemaha Reservation in Nebraska. They complained that for three
years they were paid no part of the annuities due them, but this year they have been
paid and are content. They want a home in this Territory, and have selected a tract
of land northwest of this place. They say that all the full -blood Iowas in Nebraska
will join them here, but the half-breeds and white men oppose the removal. We
promised to report their wishes, but did not approve their leaving a good home in
Nebraska to encounter the hardships and the unhealthy climate of the Indian Territory.

Then the Sac and Fox chiefs came in and we talked much to them about the neces-
sity of work for their living so as to save their annuities to buy stock and build houses.
We also advised them to give more of their money to enlarge their boarding-school
and to educate all their children. One old chief, Chickakuk, replied, " You tell us
that the game will soon be gone, and advise us to work. Now, in order that we may
get to work soon it would be a good plan Jo kill all the game. So we want you to
tell our agents to get us plenty of guns to shoot the game." Then the old fellow
looked around and winked; as much as to say, " I made a good point then." The
talk continued till 10 o'clock p. m.

November 22 we rode with Agent Carter to Shawneetown, about forty miles south.
On the way nothing of interest occurred except one upset, which did no serious dam-
age. Going a little out of our direct course, we visited the Kickapoo station, where
there is a good school-house, a blacksmith's shop, and a commissary building, but no
Indians. They have moved away, and are living in camps some five to nine miles
distant.

After careful inquiry and consultation with Agent Carter, we decided to recom-
mend the abandonment of this station by transferring the blacksmith to Shawnee-
town, the commissary stores to the Sac and Fox agency, where they can be issued by
the agent, and the discharge of the superintendent of Kickapoo station. We wrote
to that effect to the department, and the change has been ordered, making a large
reduction of expenses.

We reached Shawneetown at 6 p. m., and devoted the next day, November 23, to
examining the boarding-school. The boarding-house is overcrowded, and many ap-
plicants have been refused. The building is too small; the new part, is in good
condition, but the old frame part is very rotten and not worth saving. There are
11 beds for 27 boys in a room where the plastering is off and the roof leaking badly.
The girls sleep in the new and better building, but for 25 girls there are only 9 beds.
The school is taught by Mrs. Wells and her sister, Miss Davis. They have 59
uames on their roll ; 52 were present. The children are all young and in primary
stndies. The teachers are competent and zealous, patient and kind, yet firm in
discipline, preserving good order. They ought to have a better school-house. It is
old and rotten, and, like the boys' dormitory, not worth saving. There is good
nucleus here for a large industrial school. The land near by is fertile, and a few of
the larger boys now work on the farm and some of the girls assist in housekeeping.
The superintendent, Mr. Cox, and his wife, the matron, and all the employe's are
well fitted for their positions. The whole establishment is clean, and as comfortable
as possible, considering the limited accommodations. We agreed to recommend to
the department larger buildings, with room for at least 125 children. The Shawnees
and Pottawatomies will fill it at once. They are a working people, self-supporting,
and doing far better with no annuities than the Sacs with all their money. Several
chiefs called on us for a " talk." We advised them about their schools and their
work. Among them was Peter the Great, chief of the Pottawatomies, who lives in
the south part of the reservation. He said they had 100 children there and want a
school. There is a boarding-school, "The Sacred Heart Mission," but the charge in
that is $160 per annum, and no Pottawatomies are able to send their children there.
Two young men and one young lady applied to us for admission to Hampton or Car-
lisle, offering to pay their own traveling expenses. But those schools are full, and
we advised them to wait till the new school near Arkansas City is organized next
spring.

On our return, November 24, to the Sac and Fox agency we gave our attention to
some troubles which had arisen in connection with the school, and recommended some
changes to settle the difficulties and reduce expenses. These changes have been ap-
proved and adopted by the Commissioner.

November 25 we left Sac and Fox agency for the Pawnee agency, 60 miles north-
west. Owing to heavy roads caused by rain we were obliged to spend the night at

KEPOKT OF THE BOARD OF INDIAN COMMISSIONERS. 33

Whistler's Kaneh, but we reached the agency on the 26th, in time to attend a service
at the boarding-school conducted by Mr. Wilson, the assistant teacher.

We spent the '27th at the school, which has 74 scholars, taught by Mr. Davis, the
superintendent, and by Mr. Wilson. Sixty-two of the scholars are boys, some of them
grown young men ; only 12 are girls, all quite young. The school was opened promptly
at 9 a. to. with singing, Scripture reading, and prayer. Half an hour was then given
to sileut study, after which recitations were heard in reading, spelling, arithmetic,
and geography. The classes appeared well, those under Mr. Davis's instruction espec-
ially well. All are in primary studies, the most advanced class just beginning simple
division and geography. The order was good and the school-rooms clean and com-
fortable. We saw the scholars at dinner, which consisted of soup and bread. The
afternoon school was a repetition of the morning exercises. The Pawnee children do
not appear as bright as some we have seen. They need more simple object lessons.
The school building is a substantial stone edifice. The main school-room is 42 by 30
feet, and has two recitation rooms adjoining. The dining-room is 'Mi by 30 feet, with
cooking stove and cauldron at one end. Meat and vegetables are all cooked together
in the cauldron, the soup being served for dinner and the meat cold for supper and
breakfast. In the rear is a store-room and bakery. Bread is baked twice a week.
On the second floor, besides rooms for the superintendent and other employes, there
is a store-room for clothing, a sewing-room, and one dormitory for boys, 3b' by 40 feet,
in which are 22 beds on old broken iron bedsteads for 62 boys, and a dormitory for
girls, with 9 beds. We have advised some changes by which the girls may be put into
three small rooms and both dormitories given to the boys. The school is supported by
tribal funds at a cost of about $8,000 per an mini. It has a farm of 80 acres, managed
by Mr. Coberlick, an industrious, enterprising man, wlio has a daily detail of the
larger boys to assist him in the work. This year they have cultivated 00 acres, raising
300 bushels of corn, making 300 gallons of sorghum syrup. Half of this should be sold
and the proceeds divided among the boys who work, for their encouragement. If seed
wheat wrere furnished they would raise all the wheat needed in the school, the agency
having now a good flour-mill. The school has also 15 cows, which are milked by the
boys, who also cut the wood. The girls do some sewing and assist in housekeeping,
but none are taught to cook. This agency is now in charge of a competent clerk, Cap-
tain Pickering, but he should have the power and authority of an agent. The con-
solidation of several agencies far apart under one agent is a mistake.

The Pawnees appear to have made no progress since their removal from Nebraska.
The climate has been fatal to them. They numbered about 2,300 when they left Ne-
braska. By the census just taken the number is now 1,160. They seem discouraged.
They do but little work. They cling to their old superstitions. They send their boys
to the boarding-school, but the girls are too valuable as beasts of burden and articles
of merchandise. If the stipulations of our treaty with them wrere rigidly executed,
that is, if school accommodations were provided for all the children and then all
compelled to attend, a change for the better might, in a fewr years, be effected.

On the 28th we went on to the Otoe Agency; arriving there at 2 p. m., we visited
at once the boarding-school taught by Miss Fanny Skiner. She has 53 scholars, all
the Otoe children of school age, 22 boys and 31 girls, but very few of them full-blood
Indians. All are quite young and bright-looking children. The school house is very
neat and comfortable, 30 by 24 feet. The order is excellent, the singing and recitations
good. The primary reading classes were taught from charts (made by the teacher),
each child being called up to point out words, then to read simple sentences. A large
class is thus taught together, and by varying the exercises interest and attention are
kept alive. The most advanced class had reached the fourth reader. Miss Skiner
shows good training in modern methods of teaching, and her school will not suffer in
comparison with good primary schools in the States.

The boarding house is a cheap frame building, comfortable but too small and crowded.
At supper there was not room for all to sit at the tables. The dormitories are too
small; one room 30 by 24 feet has 8 beds for 24 girls; another the same size, has 7
beds for 22 boys. The house is badly planned. The only room where the children
can sit morning and evening, is the dining-room, there being no play or study room.
The only white person in the house at night is the matron, an excellent woman,
whose room is on the lower floor, while all the scholars sleep above with no one to
look after them. We agreed to recommend : First, that an addition be made to the
building for a large dining-room and kitchen on the lowrer floor, aud a separate dor-
mitory for boys on the second floor, or that the house now occupied by the clerk in
charge be used as a boys' boarding-house ; second, that the industrial teacher, who is
not the right man for that position, be discharged and a superintendent be appointed
and required to room in the boarding-house and have charge of the boys at night;
third, that the matron have a room on the same floor with the girls, and near enough
to have constant oversight of them. These changes will much improve the hoarding
establishment.

H. Ex. 77 3

34 REPORT OF THE BOARD OF INDIAN COMMISSIONERS.

The Otoes, like the Pawnees, have a poor, unhealthy country. No family has
escaped chills this season, and during the year the deaths have exceeded the births.

We spent the morning of November 2d in the school, and after dinner drove 15 miles
to the Ponca Agency, the headquarters of Agent Woodin, who has charge now of the
'Pawnees, Otoes, Poneas, and Nez Perces. This agency is well located on the north
bank of Salt Fork, with a reservation of the best laud which I saw in the Territory.
The Indians have comfortable houses, and are making good progress in farming.
They have raised this year 1,954 bushels of wheat, besides larjre quantities of corn
and vegetables. They seem to be contented in their present home.

We examined the next day, November 30. the new Ponca school building,. a brick
edifice 80 feet square. On the lower floor are large school and dining rooms, besides
recitation and reception rooms. On the second door are dormitories sufficient for 70
scholars and for the teachers. The accommodations will be sufficient for all the Ponca
children : and Mr. Standing, who has had much experience in teaching, is on the
ground to superintend the furnishing, and to organize the school on the 1st of Jan-
uary. 1683.

The same evening we drove to the Nez Perces Agency, 1*2 miles north, and met
Archer Sawyer, the Presbyterian preacher; James Reuben, the teacher, and Kns-es-
kiet (Bald-head), one of the chiefs. The latter was the tirst of Joseph's band to throw
off the blanket. He said his past life was bad, but he had learned the better way.
He had worked and raised a crop, and saw that Indians could live like white men.
But the Nez Perces are not happy in the Indian Territory. They suffer much from
the unhealthy climate. Many have died, and some are now sick/ They complained
of their physician as ignorant and inefficient. They long to get back to their mount-
ain home. I reported their condition and wishes to the Senate committee, and Sen-
ator Dawes offered an amendment to the Indian appropriation bill providing for their
return, but it was defeated. Therefore, they must remain another year and be sup-
ported by the government, while in Idaho they would be kindly received by their
people and support themselves.

December 1, after looking at the saw-mill, storehouse, and stable, we visited tne
school taught by James Reuben. He has 3rS names on his roll, and 33 were present,
all Indians. We heard classes in reading, arithmetic, and history. The lessons were
well recited, and the work on the blackboard was quick and accurate. The children
are bright, and have made rapid progress. Two years ago they could not speak a
word of English' now they read and speak and sing well. The school-house, built
in part by the employes, is a plain frame building, 30 by 24 feet, unceiled, and cold.
There are 70 children on the reservation, and more would attend school but for sick-
ness and want of clothing, the annuity goods not having been received.

The same day Ave left for Arkansas City, 35 miles north. On the way we visited the
site chosen by Major Haworth for the new industrial school at Chilocco Creek.
Twelve hundred acres of rolling prairie, bordering upon Kansas, have been set apart
for this purpose. The land is fertile, good for corn and wheat, and all kinds of prod-
uce. Several springs of clear water flow into the creek about 1,000 feet from the site
of the school building. The location is excellent. Supplies can easily be procured
at Arkansas City, five miles distant, and the farms in Southern Kansas will afford
places for vacation work to some of the older students.

On Saturday, December 2, I left Arkansas City at 5 a. m., and after many delays
by failure of trains to connect, I reached Vinita on a freight train at midnight.
Sunday, the 3d, I attended two Sunday-schools, Methodist and Congregational; the
scholars and some of the teachers being Cherokees. The next day, December 4, 1
visited the Worcester Academy, just opened under the care of the American Home
Missionary Society. It is superintended by Mr. Scroggs, the Congregational mission-
ary, and taught by Misses Durham, Webb, and McNair. They have already 43 pupils
and expect a large increase after Christmas. Tuition is charged at the rate of $5 per
term of three months. The school building is a handsome frame house, 40 by 32 feet,
with three rooms on each floor. The citizens of Vinita have given $1,000 towards its-
cost. I heard good recitations in reading, arithmetic, and algebra. When fully
organized this promise to be an excellent academy. The principal teacher, Miss
Durham, is admirably qualified for her position. I also visited the Cherokee public
school, taught by Mr. Adair, with Mrs. Stephens as assistant, both Cherokees. They
have 50 names on their roll, 43 were present, nearly all in primary studies; but one
class had advanced to fractions in arithmetic. The school is a fair common school,
but the building, like other Indian school buildings, is very poor.

At 10 p. m. I took the train for Kansas City; but owing to delays and failures to
connect did not arrive till 10 p. m. December 5. The next morning, December 6, I
proceeded to Lawrence to make some inquiries respecting a proposed industrial school
near that city. The citizens of Lawrence and vicinity have offered to purchase a
tract of land for such a school. I found on consultation with Mayor Bowersock,
Judge Thatcher, and President Marvin of the State University, that the site has not
yet been chosen, nor have the fuuds for its purchase all been raised. But they are
confident of success.

REPORT OF THE BOARD OF INDIAN COMMISSIONERS. 35

I returned to Kansas City the same evening, saw Rev. Timothy Hill, D. D., district
secretary of the Presbyterian Home Mission Board, in relation to a missionary much
heeded among the Otoe and Ponca Indians, and the next morning, December 7, started
for Washington, and arrived December 9, having been absent fifty days.

With some general remarks respecting the condition ami prospects of the Indian
Territory I will bring my report to a close.

The question most frequently asked was. "What do yon think of our country f"
And I learned very soon to reply, "I think your country has vast room and vast possi-
bilities." Its prairies, its forests, its rivers, its coal fields are vast, and these are de-
posits for a great future. When the rich river bottoms produce their maximum of
cotton and corn, when the upland prairies feed herds of cattle instead of devouring
fires, when the forests and swift running streams become power in the hands of
skillful artisans, then the Territory will be one of the prosperous and wealthy
States of the Union. It is making some progress towards that condition. Some of
the people, whites, who have become citizens by marrying Indian wives, half-breeds,
and a few full-blood Indians, are cultivating farms or raising stock and enjoying the
comforts and refinements of civilized life. Bnt many still cling to their old idea that
it is unmanly to work, and live by renting theii»lands to white men. The laws of the
several nations, however, forbid leases for a longer period than one year, and the
result is that no permanent improvements are made, and enterprising, skillful farmers
find but little encouragement to remain in the country. The grazing lands, of vast
extent, are made a source of profit to a few half-breeds or white adopted citizens.
They select a " ranch," and then contract with cattle men to fence and use the sur-
rounding range. In this way several large tracts have already been inclosed, and
projects are now on foot by Texas and Northern companies to fence many thousand
square miles. If this process goes on it is evident that in a short- time the whole Ter-
ritory, except the small part actually occupied by Indians, will be virtually in the
possession of great monopolies. It is not strange .that such a prospect should excite
akirm. At the last session of the Cherokee council, in November, the subject received
earnest attention, and it was enacted "that all fencing of whatever character, done
or that may be done on the Cherokee domain, west of the ninety-sixth meridian, for
the purpose of pasturage by the citizens of the Cherokee Nation or persons claiming
to be citizens of the same, or in the names and on account of such persons by citizens
of the United States, under whatever pretense, are hereby declared to be illegal and
unauthorized." The act further provides for the confiscation and sale of such fences
if not removed by the owners within six months, and for the absolute confiscation of
such materials for fencing as have been taken from lands of the Cherokee Nation.
The law also subjects to taxes all stock grazed on the said lands. The purpose of
the law to break up the monojaoly of the public domain is good, but its terms are so
rigid and sweeping as to arouse hostility, and there is no power in the "Nation" to
execute it. It will be necessary to appeal to the United States for a military force to
expel the " intruders," or let the law lie dead upon the statute book. The discussion
of the subject may be one of the causes that will lead to the change that must come
sooner or later in the government of the Indian Territory.

A vague expectation of a coming change seems to prevail to a considerable extent
in all parts of the Territory. One party fears it, preferring to let things remain as
they are. Another party hopes for it, being discontented with their present condi-
tion. This progressive party lacks leaders strong and wise enough to devise and
formulate a plan that shall meet the wants and promote the best interests of all.
One thing is clear: the new order of things must include the abandonment of com-
munism and seclusion. Great progress and improvement cannot.be expected without
individual ownership of the soil. A permanent home, and a right to all the valine
that labor may give to it, form the great incentive to effort and enterprise. The
Indian needs that incentive as much as the white man. The citizens of the Indian
Territory need it now to lift them to a higher plane of civilization. When every
head of a family and every adult Indian shall have received a title to all the land
he can use for cultivation or pasturage, there will be left a vast domain, the avails of
which can be expended for public improvements, for the construction of roads and
bridges, and for education. But this public domain has no real value so long as the
policy of seclusion is maintained. It offers a tempting field for the operations of
timber thieves and cattle men on its borders, and many thousands of white men,
some of the worst class, criminals and refugees from justice, have already crept into
the Territory. What is needed is a government strong enough to protect the public
property from depredation as well as to secure the personal rights of the citizens ; a
government extending over the whole Territory in place of several national coun-
cils, each too weak to enforce its laws, and having no common bond of union. The
organization of such a government, which might be initiated by an enabling act of
Congress in strict accordance with the treaties of 1806, would contemplate and lead
early to the admission of the Territory into the Union as a State. Its unoccupied '
lands would be offered for sale to hardy, industrious settlers, who would improve the

36 REPORT OF THE BOARD OF INDIAN COMMISSIONERS.

soil and develop the resources, and make the now unproductive waste the home of a
■wealthy, prosperous people. Such a people mingling with the Indians would teach
by example lessons of thrift and industry and enterprise. They would improve the
system of puhlic education, and the children of all classes, growing up together and
taught in the same schools, would in the end become one people.

The Indian Teriitory cannot always remain in seclusion, impeding commerce from
ocean to ocean. The rapid growth of ihe country will ere long demand that it fall
into line and join in the march of human progress.
Reaper tfullv,

E. WHITTLESEY,

Secretary.
Hon. Clinton B. Fisk,

Chairman.

D.— REPORTS OF RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES.

The amounts expended during the last year by the several religious .societies for
education and missions, so far as reported, are as follows:

Baptist Home Missionary Society $2, §51 Do"

Congregational Foreign Mission Board 20, 596 59

Congregational Americau Missionary Association 2,020 00

Protestant Episcopal Missionary Society „ 41 , 660 44

Presbyterian Foreign Mission Board 23, 786 70

Presbvterian Home Mission Board 51, 540 00

Friends, Orthodox 8, 025 37

Several societies have not reported.

AMERICAN BAPTIST HOME MISSION SOCIETY.

In the/Indian Territory 12 missionaries have been *uder appointment, 9 of whom
are natives. They report 58 baptisms, and an attendance of 896 members in their
churches, and also 1,148 attending the Sunday-schools under their care. Over 100
have been gathered into the churches, about two-thirds by baptism. The board has
aimed to develop the contributions of the churches toward the support of their pas-
tors by the proffer of a small amount on condition that they raise a given sum for the
same purpose.

Through the generosity of a lady, whose gift secured the erection of a chapel at
Tahlequah a year ago, another chapel like it is in process of erection, and another
soon to be begun.

The " Indian University" at Tablequah reports an attendance of 69, among whom
are four students for the ministry. A change of location has been deemed desirable,
in order that the institution may be more easily accessible to students from all sec-
tions of the Territory. This is the more important, as this school for higher Christ-
ian education is established, not for one nation, but for all the Indian nations and
tribes. Last fall the Creek council passed an act granting permission to this society,
through trustees appointed, to found "an Indian university which shall be to the
Indian Territory, as nearly as practicable, all that State universities are to the several
States in which they are located, and shall be open to the reception of students from
the Creek Nation, and other Indian tribes or nations." A board of trustees is named
and their powers* detiued with this special provision: "All the acts being subject to
the approval of the executive board of the American Baptist Home Mission Society,
so long as the said university derives any of its support from said society." Theo-
logical instruction may be given to those desiring it. The use of sufficient land for
industrial purposes is granted. A beautiful site has been selected about midway be-
tween Muskogee aud Fort Gibson. The enterprise now a waits a generous patron who
will erect suitable buildings for instruction and the reception of students. Properly
conducted this school will mark the beginning of better things for the Indians of the
Territory aud of the country at large. It is expected that the aid of other nations
, will be given towards its support and success. The latest statistics (somewhat im-
perfect) give 100 Baptist churches, 92 ordained ministers, and 6,100 members in the
Territory.

REPORT OP THE BOARD OF INDIAN COMMISSIONERS. 37

Rev. Wm. Hard has labored with acceptance at the Sac and Fox Agency, where a
parsonage has been erected for his use.

A missionary has been appointed to Wadsworth, Nev., to devote a part of his time
to religions work among the Indians on the reservations in that vicinity. At Pyra-
mid Lake, the Indians, according to their promise, if the remains of the beloved
agent Spencer were buried there, have adopted the civilized mode of burial at the
agency.

The attention of the government has been called to the long-neglected but noble
and peaceable tribe of Yuma Indians in Arizona, for whom it is hoped something may
soon be done.

The board of the North Pacific coast have requested the board of this society to
engage in missionary work in Alaska, where an Indian population of 00,000 have been
neglected by the government and by most of the missionary societies of the country
since the purchase of that country from Russia. To this appeal the board could not
make a favorable response, but it is hoped that the day is not remote when this can
be done. Special facilities for communication with Alaska are now afforded, and the
Baptists of this country should not longer rest under the reproach of neglecting these
pagans in our own borders.

The following report of the committee on Indian missions was read at the annual
meeting by T. J. Morgan, D. D., New York:

" Your committee to whom was referred the subject of our mission- work among the
Indians, beg leave to report as follows:

"1. The so-called 'Indian problem/ that is, the question of what shall be done
with the red man, involving as it does the welfare, if not the very existence, of over
three hundred thousand of the descendants of those who once held undisputed sway
over this whole vast continent, and involving likewise the peace and prosperity of
our Western borders and the honor of our national name, is one that calls upon states-
men and philanthropists alike for a speedy and wise solution.

u2. The vast influx of foreign immigration, and the steady progress of this great
tide into the Western wilds, narrowing more and more the realms of the savage, forces
upon us as a nation the necessity of either destroying the Indian or of incorporating
him into our national life.

"3. It is a matter of congratulation that the public sentiment of the country has
steadily resisted and thwarted the efforts so persistently made to subject the Indians
to the entire control of the War Department, and has so cordially favored the so-called
peace policy, which looks to the ultimate civilizing and christianizing of these wards
of the nation.

"4. That there is a growing conviction of the feasibility of accomplishing this
great end is evidenced by the widespread public interest in the matter, by the en-
larged contributions for schools and missions among them from the -various religious
denominations throughout the country, and by the increased facilities for training
the younger Indians in the knowledge of books and the arts of civilized life, which
are now afforded by the general government.

<lf>. That it is possible to civilize and christianize the Indian is shown beyond all
cavil by what has already been accomplished among the civilized tribes in the Indian
Territory, by the schools at Hampton, Carlisle, and Forest Grove, and by the success
of the various teachers and missionaries at work among them.

"If it should be said ihat this work is slow, painful, costly, and discouraging, it
should be remembered that it took a thousand years to convert and civilize the sav-
ages of Northern Europe.

"6. Your committee would therefore urge upon this society, which has already
borne an honorable part in this great work, and whose missions to-day are so full of
promise, that they take no steps backward. We earnestly recommend: 1. The en-
largement and more thorough equipment of our Indian school at Tahlequah. 2. The
sending of missionaries as soon as practicable to labor among the Indians of Alaska.

"7. Your committee would respectfully invite attention to the able report on this
subject, presented and adopted at Indianapolis, and published in the proceedings of
this society for 1881." ,

Dr. H. L. Wayland, Philadelphia, presented the following address to the President,
the Senate and the House of Representatives of the United States:

"To the President, and to the Senate and House of Eepresentatii'es of the United States:

"The American Baptist Home Mission Society begs leave respectfully and most
earnestly to represent as follows:

"That the conduct of the American nation toward the Indians has been marked
by a series of broken treaties, of wrongs inflicted, leading to needless and wicked
wars, in which our success has brought only shame and guilt. That at the present
moment thousands of Indians are in danger of starving because of the failure of Con-
gress to make appropriations for the supplies which have been promised to the In-

38 REPORT OF THE BOARD OF INDIAN COMMISSIONERS.

dians, and which formed part of the consideration for which they ceded their lands;
and the officials of the United States are calling for troops to prevent the Indians
from leaving their reservations in quest of food and to compel them to starve quietly ;
and this situation is the forerunner of massacres, the guilt of which will be upon the
nation.

"We therefore most earnestly request your hodies promptly to make the appropria-
tions demanded hy justice, hy humanity, and by the national honor. We also repre-
sent that the Indians ought not longer to be kept in. a position of dependence and
tutelage, and that it is time that the wards of the nation became of age. We there-
fore urge that they be no longer pauperized, but be enabled and encouraged to be
self-supporting; that they be supplied with the implements of labor and with cattle;
that their lands be given to them in severalty and he made inalienable for twenty
years; that they be made citizens of the United States, and that the Indian Territory
be constituted a State."

The address was adopted, and the chairman was requested to send it, duly signed,
to the President, the Senate aud the House of Representatives, and also to the Sec-e-
tarv of the Interior.

MISSIONARY SOCIETY OF THE PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH.

[Tenth annual report of the missionary bishop of Xiobrara.]
STATE OF THE MISSION.

I will not report in detail of the different parts of the field, for the work has been
the past year substantially the same in character as in former years. It has gone on
with unabated usefulness, and there has been decided progress; and yet at most of the
stations it has not been marked by any event of especial note.

SISSETON MISSION.

At one of our convocations, that held in 1877, we were all touched by the appear-
ance of a travel- worn band of deputies, who had come some ten day's journey to urge
the claims of their people upon the church. They had heard of its work. They knew
something of its ways, and, with a persistency which could hardly be resisted, they
urged their plea that they no longer be neglected. The government was at that time,
however, holding the several missionary societies to the tacit bargain that they would
not undertake work on reserves which had been committed to the special care of an-
other religious body, and for this reason, as well as others, among them the want of
funds, a favorable reply could not be given the petitioners. In the spring of 1881,
however, in answer to repeated messages from the Indians, I had an interview with
the agent, avIio expressed the opinion that the establishment of our mission among
the people who had not been reached as yet by the gospel was much to be desired;
the authorities of the Congregationalist mission raised no objection, and the govern-
ment authorized the inception of our work, and gave the agent authority to set aside
a piece of land for the use of the mission.

A memorial gift of $500 from a lady in Lowell, Mass., afforded me a basis on which
to appeal to others. Answers came from the Woman's Auxiliary of Rhode Island,
from a lady of Saint James' church, Philadelphia, from a lady in Washington, and
from others. And on my visit to the field, ten months after the missionary's settle-
ment there, I had the happiness of finding house and church erected and in use, every
vestige of building material cleaned up by the indefatigable industry of the mission-
ary, and planted on a gentle slope carpeted by the greenest grass of June, and look-
ing for miles and miles over a beautiful valley, two as neat and tasteful structures
as one could wish to see, and all within the sum of $2,200.

The congregations are good, the mis>ionary has baptized 3 adults and 21 infants,
presented 6 persons for confirmation, and has found it necessary to begin work at two
out-stations, to meet the needs of the people.

SITTING BULL'S BAND.

The celebrated war-chief Sitting Bull, and some fifty of the leading spirits of his
party, 150 souls in all, were brought down to Fort Randall last August, as prisoners
of war, and encamped under military custody near the post, aud within 15 mil. s of
Saint Paul's schdbl. After some delay I succeeded in gaining permission from the
proper authorities to receive 5 of the children (3 boys, 1 of them Sitting Bull's own
son, and 2 girls) into our schools. They fell into the ways of the schools with wonder-
ful alacrity, and made decided progress. One of the girls had been injured by a fall,

REPORT OF THE BOARD OF INDIAN COMMISSIONERS. 39

as was afterward discovered; the malady made rapid progress, and, though she was
most tenderly nursed and, notwithstanding her sufferings, was singularly happy and
-content ; she died about the last of June. The other four went to their people to spend
their vacation, and, as wre have learned, have had much that was pleasant to tell them
of school life.

The people have been in monthly expectation of removal to some permanent loca-
tion, hut such services as it has been possible to give them have been held among
them by a catechist under the direction of the Rev. Mr. Cook.

Our boarding-schools have met the past year with an unusual measure of success.
The average number at Saint Paul's has been 40, the average number at Saint Mary's
has been 35, the average number at Saint John's has been 30, the average number at
Hope school has been 25, the average number at Mr. Fowler's has been 6.

Although quite a number of applicants for admission were refused, all the schools
have been overcrowded, and had serious general illness broken out in any one of them,
the officers would have been embarrassed, perhaps, to have dealt with the evil, hut it
was imposssble to reject some of those who put in a plea for admission after the schools
were comfortably filled, so peculiar in certain cases seemed their claims, or so earn-
est, their plea.

The scholars have conducted themselves with commendable propriety, and have
manifested on the whole a desire to learn, which has made it a pleasure to teach them.

In the three elements which ought to rank of the very first importance in boarding-
schools for the Indian population, viz, moral and religious tone, conversational use
of the English language, and the practical knowledge of the useful industries of the
house and farm, these schools are worthy of warmest commendation. The measure
of success which they have reached in these things could not have been achieved but
for the unwearied patience, desire to excel, and love of the work which have marked
their respective officers and teachers. May their labors be graciously accepted and
.rewarded by Him from love of whom they sprang.

FRIENDS, OTHORDOX.

To the Board of Indian Gommisaloners :

The Associated Executive Committee of Friends on Indian Affairs report:

There have been three agents in office the past year who were nominated by this
•committee, viz, John D. Miles, of the Cheyenne and Arapahoe Agency ; L. J. Miles, of
the Osage Agency ; and Jacob V. Carter, of the Sac and Fox Agency. Superintendents
have been supplied, and also the teachers, wholly or in part, to six government board-
ing-schools and to two day-schools, also to another day-school, partly sustained by
funds from the Indians, partly by those of the committee.

A building has just been erected in connection with White's Manual Labor Institute,
•of Wabash Indians, to accommodate 20 Indian youths. To these a training in farm-
ing and stock raising, and household work for the girls will be given, besides school
and religious instruction. The cost of the build ng and furnishing it was $3,350.

Friends of Philadelphia sustain an excellent boarding-school at Tunesassa, Catta-
raugus County, New York, for Seneca Indians, at which 5*8 pupils (23 girls and 5 hoys)
have had a good training in industry and sc'hool knowledge. The expense for the
fiscal year was $2,775.37.

Five missionaries have been engaged within four agencies, and there are 150 mem-
bers of the congregations under their care, an increase of 42 over last year's report.

Quapaw Agency. — The health of the Modocs has continued to be better than for some
years after their removal to the Indian Territory ; they number96. Their day-school
has been under good teachers; enrollment, 18/ One Modoc is at Carlisle. A night-
school has been kept open for adults with very good results. The Modocs improve in
the farming of their fields or patches; they have had 300 acres in corn, besides some
potatoes, vegetables, &c. They now occupy small houses.

The Wyandotte, Seneca, and Shawnee boarding-school has had 126 pupils enrolled ;
-average attendance, 86. The management of the school has been excellent and prog-
ress of the pupils good. Supplies sent to the school and to aged Indians ; support of
missionary, $950.

Mission stations and schools have been kept up at Blue Jacket station and at two
•other points in the Cherokee country for Shawnees. The schools have been partly
sustained by Cherokee funds.

Sac and Fox Agency.— Two government boarding-schools, one for Sac and Fox In-
dians, the other for absentee Shawnees, and a day-school for Pottawatomies have been
supplied with efficient teachers. A missionary has a congregation of 28 members
among the Pottawatomies. Aid seut> $950. The Indians of this agency steadily in-
crease in their farming and stock raising, although the progress is slow."

Osage Agency. — An epidemic of measles, folio wed by one of small-pox, occurred during

40 REPORT OF THE BOARD OF INDIAN COMMISSIONERS.

tlie past year among the Osages, and they have not only lest manymeinbers of the
tribe thereby, hnt it has interfered with their industries. The attendance at their
boarding-school has also been much reduced by these causes. Yet, over 90 houses-
have been built since last report, and all but a few, who decline to settle down in
houses, would have been supplied with them but for the sickness. Nearly every
family now has a held and they raise sufficient corn and vegetables for the winter.
They have taken better care of their cattle than formerly, have had more stock cattle
issued to them from their own funds, have hauled all their government supplies, and
have had no rations issued since the close of the last tiscal year, June 30, 1882. Lately
they have built corn-cribs and stables, and have whitewashed many of their houses..
Arrangements have been made to set out peach and other fruit trees for them this
spring, and hope springs up that a brighter year is before them.

The Kairs. — Are steadily decreasing from constitutional diseases. Their boarding
school has had 81 enrolled and an average attendance of 57. In some respects the
Kaws are doing better than a few years since. A missionary has labored among the
Osages the past year.

Cheyenne and Arapuhoe Agency. — John D. Miles, agent. There are 3.940 Cheycnnes
and 2,098 A rapa hoes. The band of Northern Cheyennes are. likely to be returned, at
their earnest request, to their former home in Dakota. This will be doing th- -in jus-
tice, and a constant cause ot u use tt lenient among the Indians of the agency will be
re" oved.

During the past year the Cheyennes and Arapahoes have transported in wag- ns of
their own 2,000,000 pounds of freight for themselves and ihe agency, ami about 400,000
pounds f • r traders and other parties, and have hauled and chopped 500 cor«!s of
wood. They constantly ask for more work of like kind.

Their crops last year were a 'otal failure from drought, a'd as this has been the
almost constant experience for ten years pasr,ic is evident that herding must be their
chief resource.

Agent Miles recommended that for them ; he government should expend sM.OOO-
in stock cattle, to be put in charge of an experienced cattle man, who should employ
the young men trained at the reservation schools and at Carlisle as herders; that
meanwhile, as the game is nearly all gone, the families of the tribes should be settled
in houses near the rivers, so that they can raise a little corn ami vegetables; that
wheu the herd shall have become sufficiently large, and a number of Indians have
become expert as herders, a portion of it should be is- tied to*those Indians who have
proved themselves trustworthy, and they required to subsist themselves from its in-
crease.

But this proposal was not acceptable to the department, and a contract has recently
been made with certain white men, who lease 3,000,000 acres of the teserve at 2 cents
per annum per acre, one-half to be paid in money and one-half in stock. The con-
tractors are to employ Indians, and expect to surround their territory by a wire fence,
which, with any other improvements, is to revert to the Indians at the expiration of
the lease.

The reservations occupied by the Cheyennes and Arapahoes have only been assigned
by Executive orders which have not been confirmed by Congress, and this is a source
of uncertainty as to their future.

There are two boarding schools. The Cbe\enne boarding school has been well
managed. There have been 134 pupils enrolled during the year, 80 males and 54 fe-
males. Average attendance, 114 ; 83 read and write English intelligibly; 58 studied
geography ; 00 were in the hist four rules of arithmetic and 14 beyond them. There are
25 girls and 40 boys who can foim shott, easy seuteuces in English, so as to be under-
stood by anyone. Their behavior has been good. The boys cut and drew all the
wood for ihe school, ami farmed 20 acres of ground, in corn, sorghum, millet, potatoes,
and vegetables. 'I he corn, owing to drought, produced only fodder, which was prop-
erly cut by the boys and fed to 10 cows, the pnqterty ot the school, and which were
also milked and tended by them.

The girls have done housework of all kinds, cut and sewed the rags for 60 yards of
carpet, &c.

The. pupils have been carefully taught in the Bible daily, and at the Bible school
on Firstdays, where about 50 camp Indians also attend. W. J. Hadley writes: " L
confidently believe that a number of our children have accepted Christ as their
Savior, and are willing to follow him to the best of their knowledge."

The Arapahoe school has had 122 pupils enrolled. As the Arapahoes have a Men-
nonite missionary stationed among them, the su| erintendent now in charge of the
school is of that denomination; 73 children are at Cailisle, and 2 at Lawrence, being
educated. Some children have been put out among good Christian families in Kansas.

Ervin S. Taber acted as a missionary among the Cheyennes for a part of the past
year, and is now superintendent of the Cheyenne boarding school.
' On behalf of the committee.

JAMES E RHOADS, Clerk.

Philadelphia, Sccondmonth 12, 1882.

BfiPORT OF THE BOARD OF INDIAN COMMISSIONERS. 41

FRIENDS.

To the Hoard of Indian Commissioners, Washington City: ^

Respected Friends: The Society of Friends have to report of their labors in be-
half of the Indians for the past year, as follows:

During the early spring the Great Nemaha Agency in Nebraska, and the Pottawat-
omie agency in Kansas, were consolidated, and H. C. Linn, former agent of the Pot-
tawatoinies, was appointed agent of the combined agency, thus relieving the Friends
of the care of the Great Nemaha Agency and its Indians.

The only Indians now under the care of the Society of Friends are those of the com-
bined Santee and Flandreau Indians, and a band of abont 160 Poncas in Dakota, who
have been placed under the care of the agent at Santee.

Levi K. Brown, a member of our committee on Indian affairs, visited the Santee
agency, also the.Poncas in Dakota, during the past summer. He spent some days
with those engaged in agriculture, and made a very satisfactory report of the condi-
tion and progress of these tribes in civilization.

Isaiah Lightner, agent at Santee, also gives us an encouraging report . He states the
Indians have cultivated this year (547 acres to wheat, ^2 acres to oats, 1,586 to corn,
212 to flax, and 78 to potatoes. The season has been favorable and their crops are all
good, and all are greatly encouraged. He gives us data to show the great improve-
ment made by these Indians in agriculture during the past ten years, which is truly
encouraging.

At a convention of delegates representing our Society, recently held in Baltimore,
the prevailing sentiment seemed to be that under existing circumstances, Friends
could best aid the Indians by the establishment of a manual labor school for the
education of their children at some point in one of the Western States. A committee
was also continued to endeavor to procure the passage of an act, allotting lands in
severalty to Indians and securing them permanent titles to the same, inalienable for
a term of years.

On behalf of the executive committee on Indian affairs.

RICHARD T. BENTLEY.
LEVI K. BROWN.
CYKUS BLACKBURN.

Washington City, Fir»tmonth 16. 1S8S.

AMERICAN MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION.

THE INDIANS.

Though the Indian once had the continent to himself, he yet seems to be "the man
without a country." And the Christian missions which have sought to identify him
with his native land have with him been driven along before the advancing tide of
the white man's migration. So has it been from the days of Jonathan Edwards, John
Eliot, and David Brainard down to these times of the Riggses and Williamsons. The
Indian missions of this association have fared in the same way, those at Northfield,.
Mich., ami those at Cass Lake and Red Lake, Minn., which w.ere served by some fif-
teen missionaries, among them Revs. S. G. Right, J. B. Bardwell, ami A. Barnard.
Of these the venerable Mr. Wright still abides in the service, being now at Leech
Lake. Returning this year to his held, he writes: "We were very happy to find the
little company of earnest, devoted Christians, whom we left two years before, still
faithfully pursuing their work for God. They are truly the salt of the earth, burning
lights in this great darkness, the spiritual power in the place." Again he says: "I
wish I could attend the annual meeting. I should love to give the friends a short his-
tory of the conversion and rich Christian experience of numbers of those around us."
Our church at S'Kokomish, Washington Territory, Rev. Myron Eells, pastor, during
the year has swarmed, seven of its members having taken letters to unite with four
other Christians of the Clallam Indians to form a Congregational Church at James-
town. One infant was baptized. A half-dozen white neighbors came in and com-
muned with them. Mr. Eells says that the services were held in Chinook, Clallam,.
English, Chinook translated into Clallam, and English translated into Clallam, a Pen-
tecostal gift of tongues. The work of the mother church has been more encouraging
this year than the last. Five have united with the church on profession of faith. The
service of the agents at the S'Kokomish, Fort Berthold, and Sisseton agencies has
been about as usual in routine and in outcome. The work that is now going on at the
Hampton Institute in the educational and industrial training of 89 young Indians of
both sexes is truly encouraging; not only as to its immediate accomplishment, but as

42 REPORT OF THE BOARD OF INDIAN COMMISSIONERS.

to its future bearings upon the welfare of the Indians, and upon the Indian question
itself. At the last commencement, the Indian classes claimed their full share of at-
tention, and showed an improvement in the general character of the pupils over last
year. One noteo!. speech was made by an Indian youth. Rev. Bartend, referring to
that speech in his address, said : "Two hundred and fifty years ago there came float-
ing into this beautiful harbor vessels from the old country. What was their object ?
What was their hope i The prayer that arose froin their decks was this : ' God give
us strength that we may educate and Christianize the Indian.' William and Mary
■College, now almost ready to perish, is the monument of their endeavor. They did
not see the answer to their prayer. God works in His own way, in His own time,
with His own men. Could they see what we to-day behold, they would say, as do we,
speed on. God speed this glorious school." Although the association, which founded
and developed the Hampton, has surrendered its control to a board, yet besides aiding
in the support of the pastor, who cares for the three races, associated in the one
-church of the place, it jlso makes a special appropriation toward tke Indian depart-
ment of the Institute, xhe association will be ready to co operate with the govern-
ment under its new appropriation, using some of its own institutions for the instruc-
tion and training of Indian youth. It has been proposed that the association take up
a new mission among a neglected tribe iu the deep Northwest. General Armstrong,
by his recent tour among the several Indian tribes of that region, has been able to
make judicious suggestions which will be duly considered.

We make the following brief extract from the report of Indian education at Hamp-
ton, Va. :

"There are at present 81 Indians in the school — 27 girls and 54 boys ; 7 have beeu
returned during the year to their homes for ill-health, 1 has died, and 2 have left for
other reasons; 47, more than half of the number at the school, are Sioux, from Da-
kota Territory, the tribe for whom Hampton's previous work has chiefly been done.
Five more Indian students are expected soon.

"The distinguishing feature of this year has been the return to their homes iu the fall
of a party of 30 — 25 boys and 5 girls — after three years' training, and the reception
of a new party of 45 — 31 boys and 14 girls — gathered from the same agencies.

"The effect upon the school of the return of these scholars to Dakota has been of
great value. The remaining scholars have faced the fact of their own returu. They
watch the reports from Dakota with interest, and seem to be stimulated by the fail-
ures, as well as by the successes, of their former comrades.

"The more accurate knowledge of Indian life, gained by those who took the party
back, has been valuable, from the light thrown on the work to be done, and the moral
effect produced upon the scholars, who are now certain that the conditions of their
■old life are known.

"The new party was carefully selected, and has proved of excellent material. Its
members are, for the most part, physically strong. There are many minds among
them surprisingly quick and retentive, and, in general, a determined, patient, and
earnest, spirit characterizes both their work and their study. They have made better
progress in the school-room than any previous party."

Mr. Frissell, the pastor, adds:

" We have kept up two Indian meetings during the week, in which a verse of the
Bible is read in English by one of the students, then by all who can read English in
•concert, then by one in Dakota. Then it is explained. After trying several ways,
this seemed to be the most satisfactory. Prayers are offered in Dakota, in Arizona,
and in English by students.

" A meeting is kept up by the English-speaking students among themselves in order
to fit them to take part when they go back to their homes.

" Our communion on Sunday was very interesting. There were added to the church
four colored students and three Indian boys. These three are representatives of three
•different tribes. One of them was an Apache. He came to us sixteen months ago with
no knowledge of Christ, and none of God, with the exception of what he had gained
from an old medicine mam He told me that God was like the wind that came in at
one window and went out at the other. He has been very earnest in his study of the
Bible and has come to my study night after night when he had had a hard day's work*
and an evening study hour that he might read the Bible with me. Not long ago he told
me he wished to pray in meeting, and asked me if I would write out what he wanted
to say. So I took my pen, and after long pauses he told me what he wanted to say
to God. I wrote it down just as he gave it to me. He has carried it away to learn
so that he may take part in our weekly meeting in English. The other two boys have
come to me twice before and asked to joiu the church, but I have told them to wait.
But now it seemed as though they could wait uo longer, and they were glad to profess
their faith iu Christ."

S'KOKOMISH AGENCY.

On the 1st of July, 1881, all the workingmen employed at this agency for the last
fifteen or twentv vears were dismissed bv order of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs,

REPORT OF THE BOARD OF INDIAN COMMISSIONERS. 43

and their places tilled by Indians, young men who had grown up at the agency, at-
tended its schools, worked in its shops as apprentices, and were thus prepared to take
the white men's places. The ageu t writes : " The experiment, for such it may he con-
sidered, has proved measurably successtul. The young men have performed their
duties with fair success. Taking* all the circumstances into consideration, they have
done as well as the same number of white boys would have done of similar age,
education, and surroundings." This indicates the advance which these Indians have
made in the past ten or twelve years. »

The church at S'Kokomish numbers 31. The average attendance at Sabbath school
is 47, on church prayer meetings 30, on other prayer meetings among the Indians,. 36 ; on
public worship, 67. Families under pastoral care, 52. Total contributions for benev-
olence $451.05. A church of eleven members was organized at Jamestown, April
30. Here the average attendance on Sabbath school is 35 ; on public worship, 50;
on prayer meetings, 25 ; families under pastoral care, 40. There has been consider-
able religious interest among the Indians. The Indians on other reservations have
been more interested than usual, and intercourse with these has caused a similar in-
terest here. Then the most severe sickness which has visited the reservation since
my residence here came upon us last winter, and awakened serious attention in the
minds of many. This additional interest has caused increased work, so that I now
hold prayer meetings ar two logging camps regularly. Some of our young people are
taking hold of the work, and at times conduct meetings with the Iudians during my
necessary absence.

New hymns have been made in the Twana and Clallam languages, the native lan-
guages of the Indians. Hitherto, we have used hynms in the Chinook language,
which is generally understood by most of the Indians, yet it is by no means so good
a language to convey religious truth as the native languages.

FORT BERTHOLD AGENCY.

[From the agout'.s report. |

The number of Indians engaged in doing farm work is constantly increasing.
In issuing wagons last fall, I required that each man receiving a wagon should farm
five acres of laud for himself, or forfeit his wagon. All, with one exception, com-
plied with this condition. Agency Indians farmed this year 832 acres; they pre-
pared the ground in the spring under the direction of my farmer in excellent manner,
and sowed 146 acres of wheat, irom which I estimate a yield, from two days' thresh-
ing now in progress, of 2,600 bushels of very good quality. This is the first effort
of my Indians in raising wheat, and they are greatly elated with their success, and
many are already asking for more land for next spring sowing. This improvement
in farming by the Indians is gratifying to myself, as twro years ago an Indian
rarely cultivated to exceed from one-half to three-quarters of an acre; uow some
have cultivated this year 20 acres, others from 4 to 12, and ask for more land for next
year. Twenty Indian men, heads of families, have consented to go this fall 22 miles
west of the agency, build houses, and remain to farm 133 acres of land which I have
had broken this summer.

These Indians are peaceable and friendly; many would assume the position of citi-
zens and compare favorably with the average white man if they could have lands in
severalty ami the protection of law. During May and June last I had doming gear-
ing put in position in the agency mill for grinding wheat raised at this agency last
year, and manufactured 44,000 pounds of flour of good quality: there were also sawn
during the year at the agency saw- mill 20,812' feet of lumber.'

SISSETON AGENCY.
[From the agent's report.'
The changes most noted here are in the mode of dress, the work performed, the
treatment by the men of their wives and children. The estimated amount of wheat
raised in 1878 was 12,000 bushels. In 1869 I put forth all the efforts I could, and it
resulted in 17,000 bushels ; in 1880 it was 25,0<»0 bushels ; last year 40,000, and this year
it wi 11 reach 50,000. When I came here to take charge of this people they had issued to
them 25 or 30 percent, of all.the food they needed from the warehouse. * Now nothing
as issued in this way except to the schools and the apprentices. The number of ma-
chines the Indians have bought for themselves is large ; reapers and mower combined
in the last four years, about 60 ; sulky plows, 2; funning mils, 20 ; horse-rakes, 6 ; and
one man has a twin binder-reaper, and this year he cut grain for whites, just off the
reserve. At least ten of our young men have purchased a part of the material to
build themselves houses, and one or two have furnished all the material.

LEECH LAKE, MINNESOTA.
[From'report, of Eev. S. G. Wright. 1
Twenty-seven children were boarded and clothed about eight mouths of the year,
and 15 attended very regularly as day scholars. The text books used were elemen-

44 REPORT OF THE BOARD OF INDIAN COMMISSIONERS

tary speller, model reader, first, second and third reader*, mental arithmetic. Several
of the most advanced pupils are also familiar with the four ground principles of writ-
ten arithmetic. Nearly all made good progress in their studies. There is no lack of
ability in the Indian child to comprehend any branch of learning. The only obstacle
in his way is that all his knowledge of books mint be acquired through a strange
language. The lessons most he explained all through the second and third years of
his schooling in his own tongue; otherwise he gets no new ideas from his hooks,
though he may read and spell and write ever so well. I explain the meaning of the
words they spell, and translate the lessons read in the different readers. Much relig-
ious instruction is given in the school-room and in the morning and evening worship.
I returned to this place a year ago, after being absent about two years, and was very
happy to find the little company of earnest, devoted Christians whom we left still
faithfully pursuing their work for God.

.SPOKANE FALLS, WASHINGTON TERRITORY.
[From report of Rev. H. T. Cowley.]

With hut few exceptions I have held services twice every Sabbath for worship and
scriptural instruction, and on Thursdays and Saturdays are the regular prayer and
conference meetings. In the day school, I teach the scholars, of whom there are 16,
singing and Biblical history. The celebration of the Lord's Supper is greatly hon-
ored among these people, and, as I find it to be a means of spiritual help to all the
tribe, the occasions are monthly and diligently attended. The number ordinarily
present at religious services is from 25 to 40, but on communion seasons from 75 to 150.

The committee on Indian missions would report :

"First. That the work of this association among the Indians — a work so small that
the expenditure for it is only about one fifth that for the Chinese in America — ha»
been prospered during the past year. The blessing of the Master rests upon it, and
our thanksgiving and prayers should be stimulated thereby.

" Second. We heartily approve of its plan to combine au industrial with a literary
education, that the boys and girls may take the lead in Christian arts as in Christian
culture. Yet the experiment of trainiug them in schools far from home should be
carefully watched, lest theie he formed a gulf of separation between the tribe and
its educated youth, a gulf so deep that those returning from Hampton shall, through
social longings, lapse into the customs of their fathers, or else shall stand aloof from
their people in cultured isolation. We should subordinate individual advancement
to tribal advantage ; the benefit of the few to that of the many ; and for this pur-
pose schools are being established nearer home. Hence we recommend the careful
study of the results of the experiment.

11 Third. We would earnestly press* the evangelistic work among the Indians.
They are to stay with us. They are soon to be of us, citizens with us of this Repub-
lic. So much is written in the providence of God. To educate them is n«»t enough.
The Federal Government is increasingly engaged in this. But its Commissioner of
Indian Affairs, the Hon. H. Price, in his forthcoming report, says: 'Civilization is a
plant of exceeding slow growth unless supplemented by Christian teaching and influ-
ence.' ' In no otht r manner and by no other means, in my judgment, can our Indian
population be so speedily and permaneu ly reclaimed from barbarism, idolatry, and
savage life as by the educational and missionary -operations of the Christian people of
our country.' Christianized education is the watchword, the vitalizing of all the
truth of God with the love and spirit of God. This means more than schools; it
means Christian schools and Christian churches. For th-s very work this association
has been ordained of God, and it should enlarge its work to the demands of the hour.
The proposed exchange with the American Board means, for this society, enlarge-
ment. The rapid progress of the Indian towards citizenship demands enlargement.
God calls this association to enlarge its Indian missions that it may prepare both
the negro and the Indian for citizenship and God.

" Fourth. We believe that the welfare of the Indian demands the abolition of both
tribal and reservation relations, the allotment of their lands in severalty, their amen-
ability to State and Federal laws and courts. And while we recognize with gratitude
the past attempts of our national government in these directions, we need to press
upon Congress the duty of renewing its endeavors and enlarging its appropriations
for schools, that it may speedily turn these wards into industrious citizens. And for
this end we would recommend that a committee of nine be appointed by this associa-
tion to memorialize Congress to place the Indiau by the side of the negro and other
citizens in the right to buy, own, and sell property, real and personal, to work at
what he pleases, and live where he pleases, to have the same standing before the law,
to vote and hold office, in short to possess all the rights and obligations of citizens of
the Republic."

On motion, the report was adopted.

REPORT OF THE BOARD OF INDIAN COMMISSIONERS 45

AMERICAN BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS FOR FOREIGN MISSIONS.

The condition of the Dakota Mission, as a whole during the year, has been favor-
able to active effort in the fields occupied. Our opportunities never have been better
than now; wbile as missionary fields the older stations are coming to be able to go
somewhat alone, they are furnishing Christian workers for the newer fields. The
recent gathering in of Sitting Bull's people opens a wide field. At Standing Rock wo
should be ready to preacb and teacb solvation ; not only ready afar off, but ready on
the ground, and doing our Lord's work. Then with the increased number of Indians
at Cheyenne River Agency comes larger opportunity than heretofore.

FORT BERTIIOLD STATION.

"July 1, 1881, found us," writes Mr. Hall, " with a new chapel and a bell, the gift
of the Broadway Tabernacle Church of New York City, and with an increased gather-
ing on the Sabbath. Six of our Indian youth who had been under religious instruction
here, united with the church at Hampton, where they were attending school. During
.my absence of three mouths at Devil's Lake, Miss Pike and Miss Ward kept up Sab-
bath meetings, with the assistance of Major Kaufman, the United States agent at
Fort Birthold. At Devil's Lake I succeeded in getting the church members together,
and in putting up a log chapel. October 7, Captain Browne brought back from Hamp-
ton seven children, who had spent three years there, and took with him on returning
six other children, making nineteen in all who have gone there. Nine children have
been sent to the school at Santee, to stay three years from November 8, 1881. The re-
turn of the seven youths from Hampton had a marked effect upon the Indians in
making them feel the advantages of an English education and the benevolent inten-
tions of our people.

11 From October to May the attendance at our Sabbath services averaged forty-two.
Three languages are used more or less in giving Bible lessons and explaining the
hymns, which were mainly in the English language. There were three m eetiugs Sun-
day, and one other during the week. A day school was kept up from September to
May, and an evening school from November to April. The scholars were uearly all
Mandans and Gros Ventres, only a few Rees attending either our school or that of the
government. The average for the nine months was twenty ; children attending a few
days at a time made the total number enrolled sixty. Better work was done than
the year before, when the number of scholars and the teaching force were greater.

"In addition, the ladies had a sewing school once a week or oftener, visited the
sick, and aided those who came to the house for help and advice. I kept up my work
of putting portions of the gospel into the native language, and believe much seed
was sown. We have evidence of a greater interest in our work, and of a kindlier
feeling towards us on the part of the people. We hoped to organize a church with
four of the Christian Indians who had returned from Hampton, but were prevented,
because three of them fell back into the prevailing sin of these Indians, and the fourth
went 70 miles away to live. Two very promising Christian girls still remain at Hamp-
ton, and we hope after a few years they will do efficient missionary work among their
people. We have like hope of some who have gone to our Santee school."

FORT SULLY STATION.

Rev. Thomas L. Riggs reports the general progress of the work good. The Iudians
now classed at Cheyenne River Agency he says, number about 4,000, about 1,300 of
them are of the late hostiles. "Our people are widely scattered and are becoming
more so each year. Their farms extend along the Missouri, 50 miles down and 60 miles
up the river, and also out on the Bad River; while on the Cheyenne River settlements
have been made 75 miles distant from the agency. The present tendency, especially
on the part of the wild element, is away from the Missouri, out on the Cheyenne River.

''Constant changes in population make steady effort among the people very diffi-
cult. The station at Chanlier Bottom, for instance, fairly well equipped, is likely to
be useless, as the people have gone away.

"What we have attempted to do has been twofold: (1.) To reach new points for
work. (2 ) To develop the ground already occupied. The schools have been moder-
ately attended, in some cases giving a good deal of encouragement. The January
enrollment was 102 pupils, with an average attendance of 45; February gave us 134,
and an average of 64; March, 164, and an average of 86. Previous to January the
schools were smaller, aud from March to the middle of May, when they closed, there
was a steady decrease. Four schools have been in operation all winter: one on the
Cheyenne River, one at Chantier Bottom, aud two at Peoria Bottom. During the
latter part of the winter there has been an additional school on the Cheyenne River.

46 REPORT OF THE BOARD OF INDIAN COMMISSIONERS.

Most gratifying of all. perhaps, lias been the school for grown women, a few children
also attending on Peoria Bottom.

"The development of Christian character in the church has had steady growth, and
there has. appeared a pleasing readiness to assume the duties and responsibilities of
Christian life on the part of our church members. The Shiloh Church has now, June
30, 18-42, a membership of 34, l5J males and 12 women. Two have been added during
the year on professing faith in the Saviour; two have died. Four infant children of
the church have also died. There have been six baptisms, two of adults and four of
infants. Growth in giving for the support of the gospel has greatly pleased us.
Together with the funds raised by the Woman's Missionary Society, an aggregate of
$165.56 has been collected and used as directed by the church ; of this $60" have been
given to the native missionary society. Since January 1, 1882, $33 50 have been col-
lected and paid to a native pastor. Stephen Yellow Hawk was elected by the church
to preach the tirst three months, and David Lee for the second, both meu doing their
work well and giving proof of earnest stndy aud thought. For the half year remaining-
the church has elected Stephen Yellow Hawk to supply the pulpit, and an effort is to
be made to raise $50 for such service. In the main the working of this movement ha*
been in the hands of the church members. There has been some steady opposition to
it; however, I think a good start is made. In addition, voluntary contributions were
made during the winter of wood for heating the chapel.

" Besides holding and developing the work already in hand, we have endeavored to
reach out more effectively to the more heathen element. Pastors Renville and Hop-
kins have had occasional preaching services away from their stations. Misses Collins
and Irvine have spent a portion of the winter at the station on the Cheyenne River.
A new station for school and preaching has been started on the Cheyenne above the
other station. At least four more such stations should be established'. The Standing
Rock enterprise suffered by not being begun earlier in the winter. As it was, a mis-
sionary teacher, a good man. with his wife, spent three months in the Hunkpapa.
camp/ Spending the greater part of these three months with them, I could see a
great opportunity for earnest, continued work. A missionary family should be put
there at the earliest opportunity. There is great need, and there is great hope in such
a movement. We cannot expect a native helper to do his best work alone.'

"To us of the Fort Sully station the comiug of the visiting committee of the board
was a most pleasing experience. That this visit may prove to be but the beginning
of a revolution in our Dakota work, a revolution which shall stir up men's souls
everywhere for Christ and bring these Indians into His kingdom speedily, is my desire
and prayer/'

SANTEE AGENCY STATION.

The church numbers the same as last year ; though there have been several addi-
tions, other names disappear from the rolls. There has been a gratifying increase in
contributions, the total being $292.87, which is nearly $2.25 for each resident member.
The amount secured for pastor's salary was $100; for missions, $101.57; for relief of
the sick and other purposes, $91.30. The missionaries who are connected with the
church of course assisted in these contributions. The pastors aud elders made a
thorough visitation of the congregation, during the winter, and looked up the scat-
tered members. Regular services have been held at Bazil Creek every Sunday, and
the communion has been administered there at the same time as at the home church.
The young men of that out-station started a Sabbath evening prayer- meeting, antl
kept it up until summer.

Rev. A. L. Riggs reports the number of boarding scholars in attendance in the Nor-
mal Training School as H7. and of day scholars 11. making a total of 98; advanced
scholars sent away, 7 : in the Theological Institute, held during the week of the an-
nual mission meeting, 34. "Of the 98 students reported, 43 are from other agencies. "
"The grade of scholarship," says Mr. Riggs, " steadily improves. In much it is, of
course, far behind that of the schools of old settled communities with whife scholars.
But measuring from their own stand-point, these scholars have made remarkable
progress. The industrial instruction in the four "homes "and in shop and field has
been carried on satisfactorily. The shoe-shop has more than fulfilled our expecta-
tions. The religious training of our scholars is the controlling idea. The idea of each
of these separate "homes" is to have in them so many Christian homes where the law
aud love of God shall be an atmosphere favoring their inmates' growth as children of
Christ, and leading them to know Him, and the Lord has blessed these efforts and
given results far beyond our imperfect labors."

SISSETON AGENCY STATION.

The special report from this station has not yet come to hand. The number re-
ceived to the churches exceeds by one-third the number received the year before,
which is one indication of prosperity. Some of the pastors have been doing mission-

REPORT OF THE BOARD OF INDTAN COMMISSIONERS. £1

ary work outside of their congregations, and while these labors have been greatly
blessed, there have been conversions also in their congregations during their absence.
The contributions for various purposes, especially for the native Indian Missionary
Society, have been very gratifying. The Goodwill congregation have completed a>
new and. commodious meeting-house. The number of scholars in the mission board-
ing-school has been larger than during the previous year.

From its organization, the American Board of Foreign Missions planned for work
among the North Americau Indians, and has continued it to this day. Within two
and seventy years more than twenty tribes have shared its labors: Cherokees, Choc-
taws, Chickasaws, Creeks, Osages, Chippewas or Ojibways, Ottawas, Wyandottes,,
Munsees, Senecas, Tnscaroras, Cayugas, Onondagas, Stockbridges, Pawnees, Siouxr
Nez Perce's, Flatheads, Kayuses, Cahnewagas or Iroquois, aud Abenaquis. From
tirst to last, up to 1877, the board had expended on the heathen at home more than as
million and a quarter of dollars, supported among them more than a thousand mis-
sionaries and teachers, and organized more than fifty Christian churches, into which
had been gathered between four and five thousand communicants. The first great
successes of the board, in the establishment of schools and churches and conversion©
of souls, were in our Indian missions. While the work dragged slowly in the East,
and it was doubtful whether our missionaries could gain foothold in Asia, the deepest
interest of the Christian public in the new Board of Missions was awakened and sus-
tained by thrilling narratives of heroic sacrifices of Indian missionaries, and wonder-
ful movements of divine grace in Indian converts. Samuel Worcester, the first sec-
retary of the American Board, made his grave in the Indian country. Jeremiah-
Evarts, the second secretary, displayed his marvelous abilities in pleading for Indian
rights aud managing Indian missions. Elias Cornelius, the third secretary, poured
out his soul in the most tender strains of his eloquence when preaching to the Indians
sermons which were blessed to the conversion of many. The first converts gathered
into churches in the history of the board, and the largest number for a long period,,
were Indian converts. The interest now manifested by men in high places in Indian
industrial education bears no comparison in proportion to the enthusiasm of that
early period, when men traveled hundreds of miles through the wilderness to visit
the grand missionary stations of the American Board in Northern Georgia, where the
Indians were taught farming, blacksmithing, and wagon-making, and where South-
ern rivers were first dammed and water-power was utilized for grist-mills and saw-
mills. The Secretary of War of the United States placed funds at the disposal of the
board. General Andrew Jackson, in command of the United States troops, visited
the Indians and urged them to support the Mission School. President Monroe, in his-
tour through the South, pushed through the woods and appeared suddenly one morn-
ing among the toiling missionaries, to their amazement, for everything was in undress;
he inspected their schools and asked about their work, and when they showed a plan
for a modest inexpensive new building, he told them to put up a finer structure, of
brick, and in the most substantial manner, and he would see that it was paid for.

Despite all disappointments, aud notwithstanding the fading away of ancient
tribes, that is a bright page of history on which is recorded what the Holy Spirit of
God has done for the Indians of this country through the American Board of Foreiga
Missions.

BOARD OF HOME MISSIONS OF THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH.

THE INDIANS.

Special interest has also been awakened in the condition and wants of the Indian
tribes. The labors of the General Assembly's Commission have undoubtedly done-
much in giving from to public opinion by having obtained a clear conception of what it
was necessary to do, and then by distinctly making known their views to the Presi-
dent and both houses of Congress, and thereafter to the people at large.

The government seems determined to give better opportunities and furnish better
facilities for the education of the Indian children, and a better chance for Indians to
learn the white man's ways and how to earn their daily bread. Our work among the
Indians has been continued and enlarged during the year, but we have not been able
to do all we intended, because we have found it impossible to find suitable teachers-
and superintendents for the schools.

INDIAN TERRITORY.

The Indian Territory constitutes a most important, most difficult, but most inter-
esting mission field. The difficulties are many, but will be readily understood when
the statement is made that about thirty different languages are spoken ; that the*

48 REPORT OF THE BOARD OF INDIAN* COMMISSIONERS.

greater part of the population is Indian, with white men and negroes living among
them, and frequently intermarrying with them ; that society rauges all the way from
the savage Indian, with a blanket tor his dress and paganism for his religion, to men
of culture and collegiate education, and earnest Christianity for their religion.

In this Territory are five regularly organized Indian governments, entirely inde-
pendent of each other, and within certain limits independent of the United States
Government. It will be necessary, for a good understanding of this work, to look at
each of these and some others separately.

The Cherokees have been under direct Christian influence for more than fifty years,
and are probably at the head of all the Indians of the continent in civilization.' We
have now three organized churches among them, with two missionaries ; it would be
well to add one more.

The Creeks have within their territory three churches, but one of them, that of Musco-
gee, is mainly a white man's church. They have two missionaries and one ordained
native minister.

The Seminoles are but a small tribe, and closely related to the Creeks io language
and character. With them is a church, a missionary, and one ordained native. Both
the Creeks and the Seminoles are under the care of the Foreign Board, with the ex-
ception of the missionary at Muscogee.

The Choctaws wrere once sufficiently under the care of the Presbyterian Church to
have a Presbytery and some sixteen churches. This Presbytery and its churches are
now a part of the Southern Church, but they are greatly neglected and run down, and
the Southern Church is doing nothing whatever for them. There are indications
which show that many of the former missionaries are ready to return, and the Choc-
taws are anxious to place their highest educational institution under the care of the
Presbyterian Church. Some three or four men should be sent into that country at
once.

The Chickasaws are well advanced hi civilization. A large number of white people
are residing among them, and they are now left nearly destitute of all religious in-
struction ; one man should be seut them at once.

From these civilized Indians we turn to smaller and less important tribes. The
Raws are a remnant fast fading away ; the full bloods will all soon be gone. But we
have a church of some twenty members among them which needs care, and may thus
live and grow for the half-breeds and white men who will occupy that country.

The Poncas have had a large share of public attention. They are a pagan people,
but we have a good missionary among them who is devoting his time to them and the
Kaws.

The Nez Perce's are a most deeply interesting people. Prisoners, and homesick
often uuto death, they have listened to the Gospel as no other Indians in the Territory
have ever done. A church of ninety-three members, full-blood Indians, has been
recently formed, and is now under the care of an ordained native minister. South
of the Poncas are the Pawnees, a pagan tribe, with no missionary of any name among
them. A few sermons have been preached to them by our men, and they have ap-
pealed to us to care for them.

It is now probable that the Otoes residing in Nebraska will soon be removed and
located between the Poncas and the Pawnees. They are a semi-civilized people, with
aorae men of education and wealth among them, and some who are Presbyterians who
have been educated in Highland University. It would seem quite important that
they be taken under the care of the Presbyterian Church. The present indications
are that we shall have access to all that Indian population, and the prospect for doing
good is very fair. ,

An important question arises here in connection with this mission wrork, which is
the question of schools. Iu the past history of mission work there nearly all the suc-
cess has been in some way connected with the work in the schools, and to-day these
people are more anxious for schools under the care of the church than for preaching.
The Choctaws offer to place their largest school, the Spencer Academy, under the care
of the Foreign Board. The Tallahassee school building was burned last winter, and
will be rebuilt some distance back in the interior.

Many of the warmest friends of Indian education and advancement think it very
desirable to build a school-house and establish a school of high order for Indian girls,
near Muscogee, and have it under the direct control of the Presbyterian Church.

The government is now building a large school-house amoug the Poncas, and it is
hoped that the school may be placed under the care of one of our men.

The Nez Percds also greatly desire and greatly need a school, and nothing could be
done that would benefit them more.

The other scattered tribes do not directly appeal to us, but would be open to us if
we had men to send among them. This is especially true of the Sac and Fox and
Pottawatomie tribes.

REPORT OF THE BOARD OP INDIAN COMMISSIONERS. 4^

HOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS OF THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH.

MISSIONS AMONG THE INDIANS.

The general outline of missionary work in these missions continues as heretofore,
consisting mainly of preaching and teaching.

In the case of the mission to the Senecas, the oldest of our Indian missions, the time
must be near at hand when whatever is doue for them by the church at large should
be done on the usual basis of Presbyterian action, and the agency of the Board for
them be happily ended. This result must be kept in view; probably it might soon
take place. They are now a Christianized people for the most part, and so far ad-
vanced in civilization, at least many of them, as to compare favorably with many of
the white people in their neighborhood. Could they but own their land in severalty
by permanent tenure, instead of occupying it in common by a title not perfected,
their condition would be much better; indeed, this is the urgent thing in their con-
dition. The Board earnestly wishes that the friends of these Indians in Western New
York may soon adopt such measures, through the legislature and the courts, if prac-
ticable, as will secure to them the undisturbed possession of their land by a title in
fee. Thus the. risk of their relapsing from their present condition and becoming a
burden to the commonwealth would be removed, and they would stand on the same
footing with other citizens in all respects.

The Chippewa boarding-school has but a nominal existence, for the reason given
in the last report. It will be discontinued if scholars cannot be obtained from other
reservations. The Omaha boarding-school is prospering, and an evening school
has been opened with much encouragement. Among the Wiunebagoes, Mr. Martin
was persuaded by the Indian agent, with the consent of the Board, to take charge
of the government school for a time; but his connection with it ended April 1, and
his time will all be given to the work of the mission. The Creeks are rebuild-
ing the boarding-school, so long under the Board's charge, at Tallahassee, placing
the new building at Wealaka, where they are erecting a large and haudsome
school-house. It will cost over $20,000, and will be ready for its scholars in a few
months. In the mean time, 25 boys are taught at Tallahassee, in the outbuildings
that escaped the fire, which were made available for school use. Mrs. Robertson, Mrs.
Craig, and Miss Green will be welcomed at Wealaka when the school is reopened
there, under the superintendence of Mr. Loughridge. The Seminole school has en-
joyed unusual favor among the Indians, and every vacant place in it is now filled ; more
would gladly enter if there were room. Deep religious interest was evident among
the scholars, and several are rejoicing in hope. The Choctaw boarding-school for
boys and young men under eighteen, known as Spencer Academy, and formerly under
the care of the Board, has been again taken under its charge, and the Rev. O. P.
Stark appointed as its superintendent. It had been conducted for several years by
the Southern Presbyterian Board, but relinquished by it some time previously. As a
new building in a different location was considered highly desirable, measures were
taken for its erection by the Choctaw trustees. The school will be reopened in a few
mouths when this building is completed. In the mean time Mr. Stark finds much good
work waiting for him in preaching the Gospel at neighboring places. The Omaha,
school is in part supported by the government. In both the Creek and the Choctaw
schools the expense for the board of the scholars is defrayed by the Indian councils>.
and also the Seminole school in a great degree. The government and the coimr:ii funds
thus used are reported to the proper officials with vouchers, and are not brought into
the accounts of the treasurer of the Board. The Dakota schools of the older part of
the mission make very satisfactory reports. At Poplar Creek peculiar difficulties stand
in the way, owing to the wild condition of most of the Indians; but a beginning has
been made which gives hopes of progress. The Nez Perce" schools, under the instruc-
tion of the Misses McBeth, are both doing a noble work for that tribe of Indians; for
particulars reference is made to the missionary periodicals.

In the Seneca schools, which are connected with the common-school system of the
State of New York, complaint is made that teachers are sometimes appointed through
the influence of politicians — a danger to which State schools are too often liable. In
no mission have better results been gained than in the men's and women's schools for the
Nez Perce's at Kamiah — as witness the ordained minister and licentiate preachers, all
of whom were educated largely by Miss S. L. McBeth, so that they passed satisfac-
tory examinations in the presbytery, and are now men of useful promise, not merely
in their own tribe, but likely to carry the Gospel to other tribes. The women under
Miss K. C. McBeth's instruction are likely to be fully equal if not superior to the men
in their own sphere.

These brief notices of the educational work of the missions, imperfect as they are,
will show that a good, even a great work is quietly going forward. Its happy results
will be abuudautly manifest iu after years.

H. Ex. 77 4

50 REPORT OF THE BOARD OF INDIAN COMMISSIONERS.

JOURNAL OF THE TWELFTH ANNUAL CONFERENCE WITH REPRESENTA-
TIVES OF MISSIONARY BOARDS.

Washington, January 16, 1882.

The conference of the Board of Indian Commissioners with the representatives of
religious societies engaged in missionary work among Indians convened at 10 a. m.
in the office of the Board of Indian Connnissiontrs. There were present Commis-
sioners Clinton B. Fish, William H. Lyon, John K. Boies, William McMichael, Alhert
K. Smiley, and E. Whittlesey; Rev. Henry Kendall, D.D., secretary of the Board of
Home Missions of the Presbyterian Chinch ; Rev. M. E. Strieby, D.d!, secretary of the
American Missionary Association; Richard T. Bently, of the Society of Friends; J.
M. Gregory, LL D., superintendent of education for the Baptist Home Mission Society;
Hon. John Eaton, Commissioner of Education : Rev. J. C. Lowiie, D.D., secretary
Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church; Rev. C. C. Painter, Rev. Rush
R. Shippen, J. T. Johnson, R. M. Wolf, R. B. Ross, Cheivkee delegates; and J. M.
Haworth, superintendent of Indian schools. The meeting was called to order by the
chairman of the Board, Clinton B. Fisk, and opened with prayer by Rev. Henry
Kendall.

General Fisk. I believe most of those present are entirely familiar with the order
of these meetings. We come to our fourteenth annual meeting of this Board, and it
has been the custom to devote the morning session to receiving the reports of the re-
ligious bodies who are doing work among the different Indian tribes, and confer with
each other respecting the work done during the past year. We will give this first hour
to the friends here representing different denominations. Mr. Johnson conies to us,
for the first time, from the Indian Rights Association, whose headquarters are iu Phila-
delphia; and I understand that organization is doing a good work, and extending
such information as may be useful among the people at large. We will follow the
usual custom and hear what our friends have to say.

Dr. Strieby. The American Missionary Association has heretofore had a small
pert ion of the work among the Indians, but we have arranged to greatly enlarge our
work the next year. I have no specific report to make, because there are matters of
detail w hich have not yet been entirely settled, and, besides the information we have
given in our published annual report, I have nothing more to say.

Mr. Bently. I am exceedingly glad to meet you all again. I was appointed in
1869, from our society, with some ten or twelve others, to this Indian work, and I
now stand here the sole member left from those then appointed. We now have but
few of the agencies we formerly had. I have a few statistics here; if you will allow
me, I will read them. They are in comparison with our work of 1872 and that of
1882. Our Indians had under cultivation, in 1872, 450 acres of ground; in 1882 they
had 2,5% acres. In 1872 they raised about 1,000 bushels of wheat; and in 1882 they
raised 7,000 bushels. In 1872 they raised 3,000 bushels of corn ; and in 1882 they had
raised 30,000 bushels. In 1872 they had not raised any oats, but in 1882 they raised
2,800 bushels. In 1872 they raised 3,000 bushels of potatoes, and in 1882, 6,240 bush-
els, and a great many other products. This, I think, is certainly very encouraging.

General Fisk. Now you have but one agency?

Mr. Bently. That is all.

General Fisk. Had you other agencies formerly?

Mr. Bently. Yes, sir; but gradually they slipped away from us.

Gem ral Fjsk. Dr. Striebv, who are the agents now under your control?

Dr STRIEBY. We have a. lew of the agents now that we formerly had.

Gci'U'td Fisk. You have had no occasion during the year to nominate any agents?

Dr ' -i Mi- BY AVe have had no encouragement from the Secretary of the Interior to
do aiivl hino of that sort, and we have taken no interest in the matter.

Di Kendall. We have enlarged our work somewhat during the past year. We
have" set to work two married converts, a man and his wife, and another one has gone
into one of the volunteer positions. Our expenses in the last year have been greatly
increased and we have gone into debt in putting up a new school. \* e have a mis-
^narv iu Washington Territory.; we have nothing to do with the schools there. In
Nevada we had a school among the Western Shoshones; we have given that up be-
eaiise it seemed impossible to keep the children together. Mr .Price says the teacher
cause "seemeu ' 1 , T l man in the country. We have abandoned tho

5S* SmoSglePiSSS S transferred the t.acher to the Navajo Agency;
we were instructed to do this by Inspector Howard. I «fkn ^^^^
liim if there was any improvement in the school, and he said, I think there is no
a ubt biit whltit was a good thing to be done." We entered upon this school work
« h o two vearsago, and we rented the building for two years, and now we have
reXVu for a TbfrS year and have added to it very great improvements. We have
about v no hundred pupils and a most accomplished superintendent.

REPORT OF THE BOARD OF INDIAN COMMISSIONERS. 51

General Whittlesey. Where is this school?

Dr. Kendall. At the Navajo Agency.

General Fisk. What is the scope of that school?

Dr. Kendall. It is to teach the plain industries of civilization. It is a little diffi-
cult there, as the plot of ground has been bought for the new building two miles
away. But our superintendent hired a piece of land last year where the boys worked,
and took some of the prizes at the Industrial Exposition for products which they
themselves raised. In the Indian Territory we have somewhat increased our work.
We have started a school at Muscogee ; one among the Poncas. We have a preacher
and teacher among the Nez Perce's in Idaho, and we have done some work among the
old tribes in Michigan. We have assisted in sending some children to the Carlisle
School from the Navajo Agency. Captain Pratt wrote that he had no funds to pay
the expenses of these children to the school, and our society paid for them.

General Fisk. That was very good missionary work.

Dr. Kendall. We have abandoned the school at the Uintah Valley Agency. We
tried it two years without success, and had very great confidence in the agent, Mr.
Critchlow. He is an excellent man. We sent him a inau who had been among the
Western Shoshoues, but they had a quarrel among themselves and we told him that
if he could not live with the agent without quarreling he must not stay at the agency.
We have a successful school at Albuquerque, and hope to have an industrial school
there for three hundred scholars. That is about all.

General Fisk. Have you had occasion to have any correspondence with the Secre-
tary of the Interior touching the nomination of agents?

Dr. Kendall. I have not. A part of my business here is to talk with him about
Thomas; should he be removed and a Roman Catholic appointed, then I do not think
that we can maintain a school in New Mexico.

Dr. Gregory. I am sorry to say that I am not prepared to make any statement to
you. I have just reached this city from Chicago, and have not received from Dr.
Morehouse any instructions. My work is a very recent one, and my time is very much
occupied among the departments.

General Fisk. Will Mr. Johnson give a few statements in regard to his work?

Mr. Johnson. We are a new organization. Our president is Hon. Wayne Mc-
Veagh; Hon. George M. Dallas, vice-president; Effingham B. Morris and Herbert
Welsh, secretaries. Many prominent gentlemen in Philadelphia are members of the
association. Our labors so far have been very small. We have had some meetings,
and it is proposed to hold a public meeting the latter part of this month and have
General Armstrong and Bishop Hare, from Nebraska, present to give us some remarks
upon Indian education and the right policy to he pursued. Our idea is, of course,
not to do anything out of harmony with tin? department, but to help in the work
of civilization. We propose to urge the giving of lands in severalty to Indians,
and to work for the advancement of education. We shall keep up correspondence
with the agencies, and uphold the hands of good agents, who are often unjustly
assailed. One of the first matters that attracts our attention is the commission
to treat with the Sioux for the cession of a part of their lands. We wish to know
what their present treaty rights are. In general our object is to raise the tone of
public opinion and to excite public feeling on behalf of the Indians by means of pub-
lic meetings and through the press. You may be interested to know that we had
Captain Pratt with us at the bi-centennial with 150 children. It was my duty to
make arrangements for the visit, and I must say that it was rather difficult to obtain
quarters for so many at once, but I finally succeeded. They came on and made a very
interesting spectacle. The contrast between the students and the newly-arrived
Navajoes attracted much attention. One of these Navajoes was a son of a chief, and
after being provided with supper, consisting of oyster soup, it was noticed tha the
had drank the soup and left the oysters in his plate, and being asked why he did that
he replied that he did not like to eat small animals. They were asked what they
thought of the city, and said they never thought there were such houses all piled one
upon the other, and so many white people on the face of the earth. The impression
of the visit was good, and gave a new interest to the cause of education among the
great multitude of strangers then in Philadelphia.

General Fisk. Your association is endeavoring to do what this Board has been trying
to do for the last ten years. Dr. Reid, of our Methodist Board, is now in India, and
it was not possible for Dr.' Fowler to leave home, and as a member of that society I
may say that the object we had in view has been somewhat discouraged by the way
in which matters have been done at the department. I learn the Secretary does not
indorse the policy heretofore pursued, and will not in the future consult the religious
bodies to fill any vacancy occurring, but if they have any advice to give he will be
very glad to receive it. I will read you a letter from Dr. Reid, in which he expresses
himself as being very much discouraged. The occasion of the letter was the resigna-
tion of Father Wilbur. The letter is as follows:

52 REPORT OF THE BOARD OF INDIAN COMMISSIONERS.

Mission Rooms, July 31, 1882.

Sir : My associate, Rev. C. H. Fowler, D. D., addressed you a letter on the 20th of
June last, nominating, as was our custom under your predecessors in office, Rev. W.
H. Brockway for the Indian agency in Michigan, made vacant hy the death of Agent
Lee. I have since seen in the newspapers the nomination of General Milroy for the
agency at Yakama, and Isuppose the Indian agency in Michigan to have hcen tilled by
some other person than Mr. Brockway.

Allow me. therefore, most respectfully to address you with a view to ascertaining
precisely what the department may wish from this society. This is important for
several reasons :

First. That Methodist applicants whose papers are here on file (they having under-
stood that the initiative was always with the religious societies) might, if they
pleased, transfer these papers to your department.

Second. That we might be relieved of the anxiety and correspondence entailed by
our relations hitherto sustained to the department, if our nomination is to have no
bearing on the question of appointment.

Third. That the public might be advertised that we are relieved of all responsi-
bility in connection with the Indian agencies that have been supposed to be under our
supervision.

There are other minor reasons which I need not mention here.

Suffer me most respectfully to state to you that it was at the earnest solicitation of
the government that this society consented to have any part in wrhat has been called
the peace policy. Our work among the Indians has in former years been very exten-
sive, and we had expended large sums of money in Indian work in various parts of
the country, but the action of the government in repeated cases ruptured our work,
scattered our schools and our churches, antagonized our ministers to each other on
questions respecting the true policy of the tribe, &c. We are aware that no right to
nominate could be conveyed to us ; that the agent must be an officer of the govern-
ment, and that our relation was somewhat anomalous, but we hesitated chiefly be-
cause we believed that the public would, in the end, expect more of us than we could
possibly accomplish Your records will show that we only yielded with extreme re-
luctance and in deference to the wishes of President Grant and the Department of the
Interior.

We never have had a desire to supply any man with any place which the govern-
ment has had to hestow, nor will the society^ express the slightest wish in this direc-
tion for any man as agent The request of the government that we should nominate
for vacancies occurring in certain agencies has never been withdrawn, and we have
not supposed that the change of administration, without such withdrawal, relieved
us of the responsibility. But if our nominations are not to be respected at all as nom-
inations, we feel that the department ought to relieve us entirely of responsibility in
the premises.

You will permit us to say that the progress in civilization and the diminution of
Indian wars and ravages, and the smaller degree by far of dishonesties that have
marked the peace policy as contrasted with that which preceded it, have made us glad
to bear the burden which the department imposed upon us. Yakama Indian agency
is a most illustrious example. Under the administration of an agent nominated by
this society, deeply devoted to his work, often assailed and as often fully vindicated,
these Indians have proceeded from their blanket condition to one of quite advanced
civilization. An informal allotment of lands in severalty, the erection of homes, the
raising of crops, the education of the children, the founding of schools, the building
of churches, aud the employment of several natives as preachers of the gospel, all at-
test the remarkable character of our successes at Yakama. The Methodist church has
great interests there, and it seems to us that we could have been profitably consulted
with respect to the agent to be appointed. All honor to the veteran soldier who now
fills the place, but, from indications, I apprehend that much which has been done
will be scattered to the winds by agitations that must unavoidably ensue, or, by the
want of interest on the part of the agent in the great schemes that we hadin progress,
Yakama may enter into circumstances in which the policy of the government maybe
ruinous to the great civilizing and Christianizing work of the church.

We present these thoughts most respectfully, but most gravely, because the heart
of the church is concerned in the matter. I write you thus after an informal consul-
tation with a limited number of members of the board of managers, because the board
has suspended its session for a month.

I shall await yourresponse to this communication with great anxiety, and will com-
municate the same to the board, of which I am secretary.
I am, sir, most respectful Iv, A'ours,

J. M. REID,
Cm-responding Set retc ry.
Hon. H. M. Teller,

Secretary of the Interior, Waihinglon, D. C.

REPORT OF THE BOARD OF INDIAN COMMISSIONERS. 53

The Secretary of the Interior made the following reply to Dr. Reid's letter:

Department of the Interior,

Washington, August 5, 1882.

Dear Sir: I have your letter of the 31st ultimo, concerning the policy of this de-
partment with reference to the appointment of Indian agents. On taking charge of
the Department of the Interior, I announced that I should not consult the religious
bodies who had heretofore been allowed to name the persons to be appointed Indian
agents.

I have been for many years a careful, and, I think I may say, conscientious ob-
server of the Indian policy of the government. It has been my fortune to live in a
section of the country peopled largely by the so-called wards of the government. I
have had many opportunities to observe the workings of what you are pleased to call
the peace policy of the government, and the system of appointment of agents by the
religions bodies of the land. I know no reason why government officials should be
selected for one class of government employment by religious bodies and not for all.
The Iudiau agent is the business manager of the Indians and the government, and
while it is desirable that he should be a man of Christian character, it is also de-
sirable that he should be a good business man, and he must have other qualities be-
sides goodness of heart. Since the religious bodies have been allowed to select agents,
some of the grossest frauds have been perpetrated on the Indians and the government
known in the history of Indian Affairs. The frequent changes made in these appoint-
ments is sufficient evidence that mistakes were frequent, and my own observation has
convinced me that no benefit accrued to the service by this method of selection. You
say if your nominations are not respected the department ought to relieve you of
responsibility. You are correct in that, and I do not think there is any disposition to
hold the church organization to any degree responsible for the conduct of the Indian
Office. You speak of theYakama Indian agency. Father Wilbur resigned his office,
and General Milroy, who is reported to have been a good soldier, and who is a good
man, was appointed his successor. I think the appointment was a good one.

It is true that the Methodist Church has great interest in the care of Indian civili-
zation and education, not only at Yakima, but at other points, and it is not impossible
that it might have been profitable to have consulted your Board as well as other
church bodies. But the Iudian Office appeared to be well informed as to the charac-
ter of General Milroy for the position, as he had been in the Indian service for some
time, and as it is the policy of the department to make the selections for Indian agents
in the same manner as the other officials are selected, I did not consider it necessary
to make inquiries of your Board. I shall bejdeased, however, at any time, to receive
any suggestions from your Board concerning any questions upon which you may have
information not possessed by this department.

I trust you will not think I am moved to take this course because of any hostility
to your church or other religious bodies. I believe it to be the duty of the general
government to provide the means and take the proper steps to secure as speedily as
possible the civilization and the education of the Indians, and I do not believe that
the government has discharge its duty when it shall have made its appropriations
and then turned the matter over to the churches of the land to deal with as their
different interests may dictate. The agent will be responsible in a great degree to
the power that appoints him, and if in effect the religious bodies make the appoint-
ment, the agent will, in the nature of things, owe fealty to that body and not to the
government, and in his efforts will be controlled, not by what is the policy of the
government, but by the policy of the church organization. The civilization of the
Indians is not a small work, and it is large enough for the government to take hold
of it, aud unity of action among its officials charged with the great undertaking is
indispensable to success, which cannot, in my judgment, be had under the former
system.

You mention the peace policy of the government as if it was connected with and de-
pendent on the system of selecting agents. I do not think there is any connection
between the two. I do not know what you mean by the peace policy of the govern-
ment, and therefore I am unable to say whether I agree with you on that point or
not. If, however, you mean that peace is better than war, and that civilization and
labor are better for the Indian than his past and present condition, I agree with you.
Still, we might differ as to the method to be pursued to accomplish the desirable ob-
ject of civilizing the Indians. I believe in doing exact justice to the Indian and
the white man alike; to punish with certainty and promptness all outrages commit-
ted on the Indian by the white man, and the keeping and maintaining on our part of
all the treaties so far as the changed condition of affairs will allow. On the other hand,
I would punish with equal certainty and promptness all outrages committed by the
Indians on the \s hite people of the border. I would disarm the Indian and compel
him to abandon his nomadic habits, supplying him with means of subsistence until
lie shall be able to take care of himself, and in the meantime I would put as many of

54 REPORT OF THE BOARD OF INDIAN COMMISSIONERS.

the Indian children as possible under the influence of good men and women in labor
schools. If this can be* done, we may in a few years dispense with the large appro-
priations we are now making for the Indians, and avoid the repetition of the dis-
graceful scenes so recently enacted in the Territory of Arizona, which, if not speedily
arrested, will result in the destruction of the Indians of that section of the country.
Very respectfully,

H. M. TELLER.
Rev. Dr. J. M. Reid,

Corresponding Secretary of the Missionary Society

of the Methodist Episcopal Church, New York City.

General Fisk. After receiving this communication, we considered ourselves mus-
tered out of service, and since this time we have had no correspondence with the Sec-
retary.

Dr. Kendall. I want to ask if the Methodist Church or any other church has any
such arrangement as we have ? We have schools partly supported by the govern-
ment.

General Fisk. I think nearly all of the denominations have.

Dr. Kendall. Would not that necessitate correspondence with the department ?

General Fisk. I said we have had none touching agents.

Mr. Bently. I want to ask if the Commissioner and the Secretary are in accord in
this matter? •

General Fisk. You notice in the Commissioner's last report he says: " One very
important auxiliary in trangforming men from savage to civilized life is the influence
brought to bear upon them through the labors of Christian men and women as edu-
cators and missionaries. This, I think, has been forcibly illustrated and clearly
demonstrated among the different Indian tribes by the missionary labors of the vari-
ous religious societies in the last few years. Civilization is a plant of exceeding slow
growth, unless supplemented by Christian teaching and influences. I am decidedly
of the opinion that a liberal encouragement by the government to all religious de-
nominations to extend their educational and missionary operations among the In-
dians would be of immense benefit. I find that during the year there has been ex-
pended in cash by the different religious societies for regular educational and mis-
sionary purposes among the Indians the sum of $216,680, and doubtless much more
which was not reported through the regular channels. This is just so much money
saved to the government, which is an item of some importance, but insignificant in
comparison with the healthy influences created by the men and women who have
gone among the Indians, not for personal pecuniary benefit, but for the higher and
nobler purpose of helping these untutored and uncivilized people to a higher plane of
existence. In no other manner and by no other means, in my judgment, can our In-
dian population be so speedily and permanently reclaimed from barbarism, idolatry,
and savage life as by the educational and missionary operations of the Christian
people of our country. This kind of teaching will educate them to be sober, indus-
trious, self-reliant, and to respect the rights of others; and my deliberate opinion is
that it is not only the interest but the duty of the government to aid and encourage
these efforts in the most liberal manner. No money spent for the civilization of the
Indian will return a better dividend than that spent in this way. In urging this point
I do not wish to be understood as claiming that all the good people are inside the
churches and all the bad ones outside ; but a little observation, I think, will convince
any one that a very large proportion of those who sacrifice time and money for the
good of others is found inside of some Christian organization. If we expect to stop
sun dances, snake worship, and other debasing forms of superstition and idolatry
among Indians, we must teach them some better way. This, with liberal appropria-
tions by the government for the establishment of industrial schools, where the thou-
sands of Indian children now roaming wild shall be taught to speak the English
language and earn their own living, will accomplish what is so much desired, to wit,
the conversion of the wild roving Indian into an industrious, peaceable, and law-
abiding citizen."

This is very strongly in favor of the religious societies, and I think with Commis-
sioner Price that no money spent for civilization will return a better dividend than
among the Indians. Still the position taken by the Secretary is very strong. I do
not know why we should nominate one class of government officers and have them
appointed, rather than others.

Commissioner Eaton, the Commissioner of Education, who has all the tribes in his
care, we are glad to welcome with us this morning.

Commissioner Eaton. I did not come in to talk, but to listen. I have no responsi-
bility or authority in this matter ; but I have been in the way of collecting informa-
tion, and my duties have very close relations to the movement in respect to the In-
dians. I have been listening with great interest to what has been said. You, of
course, understand, after all your experience in this matter, that the movement has.

REPORT OF THE BOARD OF INDIAN COMMISSIONERS. 5")

been a compromise of average forces ; that is about all we get in this life. Yours has
been one useful force, and there has been a great variety of forces. Now, there seems
to me a general agreement that out of this union of forces the result is vastly differ-
ent from what it was when these organizations were instituted. Now, if I understand
the question before you, I have very clear views with reference to the. position of the
Secretary. I have no special information to communicate, yet in my incidental rela-
tion to the department, and to the general subject of education, I have seen the Sec-
retary is in a position to be easily misrepresented. I have had occasion to speak with
him directly in many ways upon Indian matters, and I can most emphatically state
that I never saw any disinclination to treat respectfully your recommendations. His
view of his own duty is clear, and yet he does not intend to ignore any facts that you
may bring to his attention. And he is very anxious that all the great moral forces
which have co-operated to this great change. shall still be active, and he is very much
displeased that his estimates for money with which to increase educational work have
been materially cut down in Congress. While the early action of your forces was
needed to overcome the corruption that existed in Indian affairs, now the special
reason for consulting religious bodies has passed away, and largely by reason of your
organized action. Then comes the question of denominations; conflicts have arisen
between them.

General Fisk. There are some denominations here which we know have had no
conflict with other denominations. There have been, ever since this policy was
adopted, certain conflicts along the "border, not very large, but still some between
Catholicism and Protestantism.

Commissioner Eaton. I am very glad there has been so little. It is, perhaps, sur-
prising that there has not been more. The Secretary says that he is goiug to appoint
agents without consulting any of the religious societies, but he does not want any
slackening of your endeavors to make the service honest and efficient, only he wants
to give the denominations a free opportunity to work in their own way. Now, I
should regret, as I see the situation, to see any slackening of endeavor in this matter.
Here are these people to be transferred from the life of savages to that of civilization.
It seems to me that the government has commenced a noble work. Now, I want to
say that all you have done as churches and as a moral influence in these various ways
has been very much appreciated. I have had another aim in view, namely, that every
local administration should take up the subject of education, and treat the Indian and
provide for every Indian child as they would for others. Now, if by your continual
movement of these forces you can accomplish this thing, you will have welluigh
realized the end. I say, and have said here before, that it has been my belief that
you were producing this result, and I believe that by the visits you have paid here
you have helped to bring it about. To-day or yesterday, the House, by a vote of 129
to 20, determined to consider a bill on national education. If it is successful it will
place all the children of men liviug in these weak States that are applying in agony
for education under instruction.

Dr. Shippen. Mr. Chairman, I can only say that we have been in sympathy with
your great interest. I wish it had been in my power to do as much as I have desired
to do. I think the work that has been accomplished at Hampton has been a good
work. There are Unitarian people who are very generous, and I think it the spirit of
our people not to care so much for the sectarian Work, but to do anything that results,
in advancing a good cause. I have received a letter from the secretary of our society,
Mr. Reynolds, who now holds the position I formerly held. It is a personal letter,
but I do not think it any injustice to him to lay it before you. The letter is as fol-
lows :

Rooms of the American Unitarian Association,

7 Tremont Place, Boston,. Mass., January 10, 1883.
My Dear Mr. Shippen: Will you attend the meeting of the Board of Indian Com-
missioners on the 16th? I cannot. As to doing anything, I see no prospect that the
United States will ever build the school-houses which it was stipulated should be built
when the Utes were stripped of Ouray's fertile valley and sent to their place of exile.
I add one extract from Mr. Price's letter and another from Mr. Minnis. It is hard to
find a man to go, but would I have a right to spend money on such a prospect ? Mr.
Price says, November 3, 1882: "I am obliged to say that there is no room at the Ute
agency for the accommodation of a teacher, and there cannot be until new buildings
are erected. * * * There are so many agency buildings needed that I doubt if the
school building will be iinished until fall."

Let me remark, this school was due eighteen months ago. He adds, "If your mis-
sionary is depending on that for accommodations, it will not be worth while for him to
go to the reservation until late in the summer. Will it not be better for your society
to erect a small building for his use? You could arrange to have the work do.i ■; ear.y
in the season. Such a building would furnish permanent headquarters for yo.ir mis-
sionary among the Utes, and it would be more advantageous to your mission to have

IjG REPORT OF THE BOARD OF INDIAN COMMISSIONERS.

a house of its own than to depend upon the government school building for the pur-
pose."

Now, Brother Shippen, I greatly respect Mr. Price, hut I never read this paragraph,
into which he was driven by his inability to give any sure hope of anything in a near
future, without laughing.

1st. If the government in eighteen months cannot succeed in erecting proper build-
ings with its own agent and workmen on the spot, how can I, with nobody to take
charge, say from 7 Fremont Place let a building arise 2,500 miles off, and have it do
so. Of course the only way would be to send a missionary out and let him see to it.
But how send him if there is no shelter for him ? And how build it if the workmen
there arc unable to build what the government needs ?

2d. What possible use for a missionary when he is in no position to do anything in
the way of instruction ? Shall he use Sunday morning aud preach to an attentive and
thrilled copper-colored audience an eloquent sermon in the Ute tongue ? Of course no
one we should choose out would be philologist and orator enough for that.

3d. Then as to the idea of a permanent building, when I remember that the present
reservation is the third that the tribe have been sentto within a dozen years, and that
the old buildings have been left behind to rot, permanent seems just the word we
ought to use about buildings.

I turn for comfort to Mr. Minniss, and here I have it : "I would say there can be
nothing done here until spring in the way of missionary work, and there is no build-
ing tit for school purposes." To my inquiry whether, not being able to educate there,
we might not be able to send pupils to Hampton or Carlisle, he adds, " I do not think
there can be at present any of my Indians induced to let their children go to Hampton
or Carlisle. Next year there will be a chance, and if I remain here I will do all in my
power to make it pleasant and agreeable to any one you may send.'" That is all a
kindly disposed agent can say.

So year after year the most earnestly disposed person at this headquarters beats his
head against the more than adamantine walls of government cbangcableness and
dilatoriness. I refer to something wider than the department of the Indian Commis-
sioner, for I expect he is as powerless as we. Please go aud tell the best story you can.
Very truly,

G. REYNOLDS.

General Fisk. Mr. Haworth, the government inspector of schools, is with us, and we
should be glad to have a few words from him.

Inspector Haworth. Gentlemen, as said by Commissioner Eaton, I did not come
intotalk, but to listen. Ilikeany kind of a meeting where there isliberty. My work,as
has been suggested, is directly for the inspection of schools, hence it would be out of my
place to say anything about the appointment of agents. My observations in the
school work, to which I have been giving some special attention recently, were that none
but the best persons should be employed at the schools, and I may say here, in refer-
ence to the position of the Secretary, that in my conferences with him on that subject
he has always expressed to me the wish that the very best men should be em-
ployed in the schools. And I am satisfied that he is wholly interested in having the
schools conducted on the very best possible plans. When called here by the Secretary
of the Interior with reference to my appointment, I felt that it was due both to him
and myself, looking at it from my humble Christian stand-point, to state frankly re-
conviction. The Secretary then appointed me to the position. In looking over the
statistics in relation to the work done during the last ten years in educating the In-
dians, I find them very encouraging. When you go back of 1870, you had 2,068
children in the schools, and that number has increased in 1882 to 7,000. Such an
increase as that certainly cannot be otherwise than encouraging, and I believe that
the statistics show that there are now, outside of the five tribes in the Indian Territory
and New York, about 11,000 who can read and write. These numbers I have had occa-
sion to hunt up within the last few days. I can simply say that my observation is
that where a Christian influence is exerted the intellectual education is above that
where Christianity does not exert itself in the school.

General Fisk. Mr. Haworth, how extensively have you traveled since your appoint-
ment ?

Inspector Haworth. I have only traveled through the Indian Territory. I visited
Fort Riley, in Kansas and some other places with reference to locating Indian schools.

Mr. McMichael. Mr. Haworth, what do you think of the plan of sending the
children to the Carlisle training school?

Inspector Haworth. I think it an excellent plan. The longer you keep them there,
the better for them.

Mr. McMichael. What do you think of the children when they go back to their
homes ; how do they employ themselves ?

Inspector Haworth. Unless they can obtain employment among the agencies, some
of them will take up their old habits of living, but the majority of them manage to
obtain some kind of employment. Of course there are some exceptions, principally

REPORT OF THE BOARD OF INDIAN COMMISSIONER. 57

because they pan not get work to do; but those educated will exert a good influence.
An Indian is the most sensitive man in the world. I have never met any people so
sensitive. I gave an Indian chief a suit of clothes costing $50, and better than what
1 had on. He immediately put them'on, but when he appeared before his people they
all laughed at him, and he cut the sleeves oitt of the coat ; but still they laughed at
him, and then he returned and cut the legs out of the pants, and wore them in that
way, saying that he could stand the rest. That is simply an illustration of their
peculiarities.

General Fisk. Mr. Haworth, have we not more to hope for from the establishment
of boarding schools I

Inspector Haworth. I -think they are the most important. You take the Chey-
ennes and Arapahoes — there are 1,900 school children in those tribes — and say you
scud ^00 of the children away to boarding schools, and you have. 1,700 children
left to be educated at home. Persons who are familiar with the Indians know that
there is nothing in their whole life so important as the moment they give up the
children to go to school. I was the first one who gave the Kiowas and Comanches a
school. They came just as though they were comiug to a funeral, and they looked
very sorrowful. Now every member of the tribe feels the influence of the school. I
have recommended the establishing of a system of semi-boarding schools at the agen-
cies; for instance, let it be conducted by two persons, a man and his wife; let the man
be assistant farmer to the agency and look after the interest of the farms in that im-
mediate neighborhood ; let his wife act as matron, and let her go around among the
homes of the Indians and teach them how to take care of themselves. I think that
perhaps six or seven hundred dollars would build such a house as I would put up, and
I would make a one-half day school, and have the dinner prepared by the girls of the
schools. I think that something of that kind would be a great benefit.

Commissioner Eaton. Here is one of the matters that I had in mind. I believe the
churches made a very great mistake in sending'out a single teacher who did not un-
derstand the industrial side of education, and that that policy is now coming into the
administration of Indian affairs.

Dr. Strieby. What is the exact thing that should be done ?

Commissioner Eaton. My idea is this, as you ask me directly, that it is to co-oper-
ate in every way for the education of all the Indian children.

Dr. Strieby. I was going to ask if Inspector Haworth would state a little more
plainly what his duty is.

Inspector Haworth. Well, my position at the present time is the inspector of
schools. The position is rather a peculiar one. I was appointed an inspector, and the
act creating the office requires the inspection of all the schools, and to report to the
Secretary the most feasible methods of education. I have suggested some changes. I
have visited, in company with General Whittlesey, most of the schools in the Indian
Territory, and I believe our visit has done good.

Dr. Kendall. Why are two industrial schools to be located so near each other as
Lawrence and Arkansas City?

Inspector Haworth. Lawrence is a good point ; very accessible. Many friends of
Indians are there and the school will be under good influences.

Mr. Smiley. Who makes your appointment ?

Inspector Haworth. I believe the Secretary of the Interior and the President. I
believe the position is one that would be a benefit to the schools, whether under my
direction or one better qualified.

General Fisk. Mr. Painter is in this city looking after the great national bill appro-
priating a large sum of money to the cause of education, and we will be glad of a
few remarks from him.

Mr. Painter. One of the best bills that was ever introduced was introduced by
Mr. Teller. It would probably be interesting to know that last year the Secretary
went three different times to the Capitol to have the appropriations for this purpose in-
creased. He is in entire sympathy with every effort you have at heart. A great many
Congressmen are holding back, and desiring to see the drift of the tide. It was very
interesting to see them standing, yesterday, to see which way the drift went. I saw
two or three members of the House afterwards, and they said they thought that the
measure would pass. But it is regarded as a new movement ; that when the govern-
ment takes this matter of general education in hand, it will be the beginning of a
new era. On the whole, judging from what I have seen in both houses, the outlook
is hopeful.

Mr. McMichael. Mr. Chairman, we have heard from Commissioner Eaton about
what is called the peace policy and its result, and that the Secretary has taken his
stand as it is recorded in that letter to Dr. Reid, and now are the Christian churches
to discontinue their work ? I think that the religious bodies should consider, in view
of the change of affairs, how their work can be best accomplished. The interest
taken by the churches is because of its practical charity. Now here is this Indian
question, the great national question. As I understaud it, certain churches have cer-
tain agencies, and the result, has been great improvement under their care, so that
while there have been differences of opinion among the various churches, yet they

58 REPORT OF THE BOARD OF INDIAN COMMISSIONERS.

have presented an entire harmony upon the general subject of Christian charity. I
believe what Commissioner Eaton says, that because the churches are deprived of its
nominations is no reason why they should cease in their great work. I would like to
see it go on. The practical question is, in what way can it best be done I Are the
churches to keep up the schools? Is each denomination to have certain ageucies for
missionary work ?

Dr. Kendall. If you will allow me, I will answer some. of those questions. Sup-
pose you go into New Mexico, where the whole population is one of the most bigoted
people; you take away our agent who is in favor of the schools, and put in his place
a Roman Catholic, I believe that our schools would die. But where there is as much
independence among the people as there is in Utah, the Indians are more easily han-
dled, and possibly we might manage to keep up our schools.

Mr. McMichael. Doctor, suppose the specific work is .taken away from you, how
would you continue your schools?

Dr. Kendall. We could continue our schools in New Mexico if we could get the
children, but if we could not get them we would be compelled to give them up.

Commissioner Eaton. You should not propose to withdraw your forces, but to im-
prove every opportunity that opens. Although the Secretary may not agree with you
as denominations or churches, he will hear you on any subject on which you have
any information. If there is any agent trying to crush out a school, I believe he will
hear you on the subject aud give it his utmost attention. I believe as Mr. McMichae 1
has said, that you, standing firm, are going to be the great co-operative force.

Mr. Smiley. It looks to me that much progress is being made in the matter of edu-
cation; we are having more liberal appropriations than we ever had before. I think
there is a great movement in the right direction going on. If the government will
keep on in this direction, furnish means, put moral men in as teachers, our aims are
attained. I rejoice to hear that Secretary Teller is in earnest about this. I do not
feel hurt at his taking away the nomination of agents ; the way is still open for re-
ligious work.

Mr. McMichael. Inspector Haworth, do you inspect church schools ?

Inspector Haworth. All schools that are aided by the government are under my
inspection, the Omaha school for instance. I think it would be a great calamity for
the churches to withdraw from this field.

Dr. Strieby. Certainly there has been a gre*it improvement in the last 15 years in
the management of Indian affairs. If the bill now before Congress making provision
for general education passes, it will give a great prospect for the future interest of the
Indian. Now, suppose this Board drops out of existence, how are the united efforts
of the Christian forces to be aggregated for future movement? How shall unity of
action be preserved? Then each denomination will do the best it can ; it will have its
own intercourse with the department ; there will be perhaps more or less of collision.
Is there anything that can be done by us as a body ? It is a question of very great
interest. There seems to be a call for something. I am rather surprised that the
Secretary does not know of the peace policy.

General Fisk. I suppose it is not certain that this Board will drop out, but there is
an indication in that direction. The Board has, as you are aware, had a large work
to perform; they have been fought from time to time by people who want us out
of the way. An immense amount of goods is purchased and consigned to the agencies,
and heretofore we have assisted in accounting for these goods by examining the proper
vouchers. The business department of the Indian service is conducted honestly. Mr.
Lyon has given to it his forty years' experience. The present Congress has hardly
given us money enough to pay office expenses. Speaking for one of the large denomi-
nations, I know that we shall do our utmost to keep the forces at the frout in spite of
any obstacle that may come across our pathway. We do believe that the Secretary
should consult the denominations in reference to appointing agents. I should think it
would be well for the representatives of the religious bodies to go by themselves and
have a consultation with the Secretary and talk with him about it.

Commissioner Eaton. If you let go there is danger of bad influences.

General Fisk. Certainly, the tide of corruption that would come into the Indian
service would be perfectly fearful. I believe to-day we have got a good class of con-
tractors. It used to be the case that three or four men would sell you everything in
New York, and, as Mr. Lyon says to-day, we have over three hundred different bidders
for supplies, and the identical piece of Kentucky jeans that is purchased in New York
is followed until it reaches the agency to see that they get what is bought for them.
The religious bodies who have co-operated so faithfully with us in this work should
have a talk with the Secretary.

Commissioner Eaton. I think that is the best thing to be done.

Inspector Haworth. I want to say with reference to that conference with the
Secretary, that I think it is a very important matter. I had the other day a confer-
ence with him in company with Dr. Rhoades. He gave us a free talk upon educa-
tional matters, aud I came out quite fully impressed with his views on Indian affairs.

Dr. Strieby. Mr. Chairman, I think it would be a delicate matter for us to go

REPORT OF THE BOARD OF INDIAN COMMISSIONERS. 59

before the Secretary to say anything about the question of agencies at this time, but
this question of the continuance of this Board, I think, should be laid before him. If
he has not the facts as to the great importance of the Board, I think they should be-
laid before him, and that we should go together.

Commissioner Eaton. I was feeling precisely as Dr. Strieby has expressed himself,,
and then, with reference to the appropriations for the Commission, I had thought
that the Secretary should be informed of the great importance of retaining the Board
in its existence. Now, if these representatives will formulate a resolution upon this
matter, I have no doubt it may be respectfully referred to the conference committees of
both houses.

Dr. Gregory. It seems to me very important that the central power should be
preserved.

General Fisk. Gentlemen, what is your intention?

Dr. Strieby. I move, Mr. Chairman, that the religious denominations here repre-
sented and the Commissioners have an interview with Secretary Teller and see what
can be done.

The motion was carried, and the assembly adjourned to meet at the Interior Depart-
ment at 3 o'clock.

In accordance with this vote, the convention called upon the Secretary of the Inte-
rior, who explained fully his plan for the education of Indian youth, and expressed
the hope that Congress would grant sufficient means for this purpose. In reply to a
question by Dr. Kendall, he said that it would not be considered impertinent in
any secretary of a mission board to recommend a suitable person for appointment as
Indian agent. In reply to Dr. Strieby he expressed his earnest desire that the-churches
should continue their Indian mission and school work, and co-operate with the gov-
ernment in the education of Indian youth until Congress shall make sufficient ap-
propriations to carry on that work efficiently. And as to the value of the Bpard of
Indian Commissioners, he said he thought that Board had rendered good service. But
he referred to Commissioner Price who had just come in as having had more experience
in that matter. Mr. Price said that all who knew anything about the Board are in
favor of its continuance, and that those who do not know anything about it are gener-
ally opposed to it. He added that when he was in Congress he made a little talk
in favor of the Board. He believed in it then, and since he had become more familiar
with the business of it he knew he was right, and knew that the Board was of im-
mense benefit to the Indian service, not only in assisting in the letting of contracts,
but in visiting agencies and acting in the capacity of inspectors without pay, except
as to their traveling expenses. Doubtless this Board have made some mistakes. So
long as human nature remains as it is, men will continue to make mistakes. He was
afraid of the man who says he never makes any. "My opinion is," he said in closing,
"that Congress can make no greater mistake than to abolish this Board, and I have
said to some of those gentlemen to-day that whether their expenses are paid or not, I
hope they will continue to render their services in these matters for the good of the
country."

The interview with the Secretary was continued about an hour, and all were pleased
by his courteous reception and frank statements.

The convention reassembled at half past seven in the evening.

General Fisk. "VVe should like to hear a few words from Dr. Lowrie.

Dr. Lowrie. In thinking this matter over last evening and to-day one subject seems
to me important. You are all aware that you can obtain no title to land, and if
buildings are erected by the missionary boards, as is necessary, otherwise the work
could not go on, we have no secure possession. We have, in the branch that I am
connected with, the foreign missionary department, spent money in two or more
cases at a great loss in putting up buildings on ground where we could get no title,
and I suppose there are a great many such cases in ail the denominations. When
money is expended in this way I think it would be practicable for the government to
reimburse these societies for the money spent in putting up buildings from the money
received from the sale of the land. An example happened last year among the Win-
nebagoes ; there was no place where our teacher could live ; we talked the matter up
and agreed to put up a house, the Indian Bureau having no authority for building
such houses. That reservation may in a few years cease to be a reservation, and then,
unless some such rule is adopted, our expenditure will have been so much money lost.
I suppose that is just the case of all our missionary boards. Our work has been sub-
jected to a change in the Chippewa mission, owing to the fact that the Indians have
advanced somewhat. They are beginning to learn the worth of a day. The result
is we could not get any of them to stay with us; our boarding school was very much
embarrassed. We applied to the Commissioner to send us some scholars from those
outside of the reservations. We have two good teachers there, and they could be
kept there at small expense ; but he replied that he had no funds to pay for trans-
porting scholars to school. Our building there would accommodate 70 or 80 scholars.
Elsewhere our Indian work is doing well. The new building among the Creeks is
under full way. The Seminole school is in a very prosperous condition, and, as far

60 REPORT OF THE BOARD OF INDIAN COMMISSIONERS.

as I can learn, everything is going on well. A very remarkable ease happened near
the Seminole school; two ladies, sisters, are carrying on a school for men and hoys,
and teaching them in the English text-books. Now, two or three of them are ordained
ministers, and others are coming forward with rapid progress. One of them is in the
service of the Home Mission Board down in Kansas.

General Fisk. Doctor, don't you think the Spokanes ought to go back to the Nez
Percys Reservation ?

Dr. Lowrie. I think they should.

Dr. Strieb y. The condition of the Spokane Reservation is very bad ; the title to land
could not be had there, and they are a little bit of a remnant"; they should bo sent
back with their kindred.

General Fisk. Could not that consolidation now be brought about ?

Dr. Lowrie. I think it would be better for them.

Mr. McMichael. Dr. Strieby, what is your experience about the consolidation of In-
dian agencies ? I understand there are some sixty agencies.

Dr. Strieby. We have had less experience than some others.

Dr. Lowrie. It would be expedient in some cases, but it would depend very much
upon circumstances. That subject was up some years ago before this Board.

General Fisk. The Indians, as a rule, are opposed to it.

Inspector Ha worth. I believe the object of consolidating is to make the cost less.
But take White Earth, Red Lake, aud Leach Lake Agencies ; they have been consoli-
dated. They are 150 miles apart. The agent cannot visit his reservations more than
once a year, and, of course, can exert no influence upon the Indians. Real consolida-
tion would sooner be effected and at less expense by having an agent at each.

Dr. Lowrie. I suppose it would be wise for the department to reconsider the ques-
tion of consolidations.

Mr. Smiley. Mr. Chairman, cannot this body, by some effort, secure a larger appro-
priation for education ? It seems the Secretary has been trying to urge this matter,
and it seems to me he needs help. Two millions of dollars per annum is none too
large for this purpose. I suggest that we appoint a committee to meet the confer-
ence committee, and urge upon them a larger appropriation. The moral feeling of the
country would sustain it.

Inspector Ha worth. General Whittlesey and I went to see Senator Dawes upon
this subject, and he said that he would stand by the sum specified.

Mr. Smiley. My idea was not any particular sum. A year or two ago they thought
$^00,000 an extravagant sum, and now they give $400,000.

Dr. Lowrie. Mr. Chairman, I do not feel quite prepared to concur with these views
in all respects. I believe the boarding schools are the best schools. But we are over-
looking too much the idea of common-school education. That feature of the plan
has greatly fallen in the background. My fear is that we are overlooking the cardi-
nal idea of common-school education, and aiming at an education which could not be
sustained. Nobody would think of advocating that the schoolchildren of the States
should all be educated in boarding schools. It is said that common schools are a fail-
ure, and it must be admitted that the common schools have not been quite so good as
they should have been. The reason is that the teachers have not understood the In-
dian languages; of course the schools must teach English, but that can be done well
only by teachers who know the Indian language. I know a case of a very conscien-
tious and goodwToman, a capable teacher, who went among one of the tribes and carried
on a school perhaps for a year, and the scholars could read and write very well, but
they did not understand a word of what they had learned; it resulted from the fact
that this lady had no knowledge whatever of the Indian language, and the Indian
children had no kuowledge of the English language. Now, suppose she had been ac-
quainted with both languages, then she could have taught them much easier than
with only one language. My experience has brought me to the conclusion that the
day has come to change the character of the schools. Many Indian young men and
women could now be employed as teachers and conduct common schools. This plan
is much more simple and less expensive than boarding schools.

Mr. McMichael. I should like to see Mr. Smiley's idea carried out. The results
already accomplished have been largely through the influence of the churches. Last
year an impression was made by the committee of the Presbyterian Church. Although
we may differ with the Secretary in some things, yet his general efforts are the same
as ours ; he wants to see the young Indians educated. I second Mr. Smiley's motion
that this body should go before the conference committee.

Dr. Strieby. The idea of Mr. Smiley as to the committee to be appointed is^ good
one. I think if there were four or five, and each have a distinct thing to say, it
would be better than for all of us to go. I favor a committee of five to be appointed
^o urge upon the committee of conference a larger educational fund and the continu-
ance of the Board of Indian Commissioners.

The motion of Mr. Smiley was carried, and the chairman (Clinton B. Fisk), Dr.
Strieby, Mr. Smiley, General Whittlesey, and Dr. Kendall were appointed the com-
mittee. The conference then, at 9.30 p.m,, adjourned.

MEMBERS OF THE BOARD OF INDIAN COMMISSIONERS, WITH THEIR
POST-OFFICE ADDRESS.

Clinton B. Fisk, chairman, 15 Broad street, New York City.

E. Whittlesey, secretary, New York avenue, corner Fifteenth street, Washington,
D. C.

Orange Judd, 751 Broadway, New York City.
W. H. Lyon, 483 Broadway, New York City.
Albert K. Smiley, New Paltz, N. Y.
George Stoneman, San Gabriel, Cal.
William McMichael, Philadelphia, Pa.
John K. Boies, Hudson, Mich.
William T. Johnson, Chicago, 111.

LIST OF INDIAN AGENCIES FORMERLY ASSIGNED TO THE SEVERAL
RELIGIOUS DENOMINATIONS.

Friends. — Santee, in Nebraska, Otoe and Pawnee, in the Indian Territory. Barclay
White, Mount Holly, N. J.

Friends. — Cheyenne and Arapaho, Kiowa, Comanche and Wichita, Osage, and Sac
and Fox, in the Indian Territory, James E. Ehoades, Germantown, Philadelphia, Pa.

Methodist. — Hoqpa Valley, Round Valley, and Tale River, in California; Yakama,
Neah Bay and Quinaielt, in Washington Territory; Klamath and Siletz, in Oregon;
Blackfeet, Crow, and Fort Peck, in Montana ; Fort Hall and Lemhi, in Idaho ; and
Mackinac, in Michigan. Rev. Dr. J. M. Eeid, secretary Missionary Society Methodist
Episcopal Church, 805 Broadway, New York City.

Catholic. — Tulalip and Colville, in Washington Territory; Grande Ronde and
Umatilla, in Oregon; Flathead in Montana; and Standing Rock and Devil's Lake, in
Dakota. Charles Ewing, Catholic Commissioner, Washington, D. C.

Baptist. — Union (Cherokees, Creeks, Choctaws, Chickasaws, and Seminoles), in the
Indian Territory, and Nevada, in Nevada. Bev. Dr. H. L. Morehouse, secretary Ameri -
can Baptist Home Missionary Society, No. 28 Astor House Offices, New York City.

Presbyterian.— Navajo, Mescalero Apache, and Pueblo, in New Mexico; Nez
Perce's, in Idaho; and Uintah Valley, in Utah. Bev. Dr. J. C. Lowrie, secretary Board
of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church, 23 Centre Street, New York City.

Congregational. — Green Bay and La Pointe, in Wisconsin; Sisseton and Fort
Berthold, in Dakota; and S'Kokomish, in Washington Territory. Bev. Dr. M. E.
Slrieby, sewetary American Missionary Association, 56 Beade street, New York City.

Protestant Episcopal. — White Earth, in Minnesota; Crow Creek, Lower Brul6,
Cheyenne River, Yankton, Rosebud, aud Pine Ridge, in Dakota; Ponca, iu Indian
Territory; and Shoshone, in Wyomiug. Bev. A. T. Twing, secretary Board of Missions
of the Protestant Episcopal Church, 22 Bible House, New York City.

Unitarian. — Ouray Agency, iu Utah. Bev. G. Reynolds, secretary American Unitarian
Association, 7 Tremont Place, Boston.

United Presbyterian. — Warm Springs, in Oregon. Bev. John G. Brown, D. D.,
secretary Home Mission Board United Presbyterian Church, Pittsburgh, Pa.

Evangelical Lutheran. — Southern Ute, in Colorado, and Mission, in California.
Rev. J. G. Butler, Washington, D. C.

REPORT OF THE BOARD OF INDIAN COMMISSIONERS.

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INDEX.

Page.

Acts to promote education 6

relating to Indian lands 6

Agencies, reduction of 8

Agency, Fort Berthold 43

Leech Lake 43

Lowe '• Brul6 8

Nez Perce" 34

Otoe 33

Pawnee 32

Ponca 34

Sac and Fox .• 31

San tee 46

Sisseton 43, 46

Union 26

Agricultural implements 23

American Board 45

Baptist Home Mission Society .. 36

Missionary Association 41

Annuities, Sac and Fox 31

Appendix » 11

Arkansas City 34

Arthur, President 3

Atoka, Ind. T 29

Bacon 12

Baptist Missions * 36

Barley 13

Beans 13

Beef 13

Bentley, Richard T : 41,50

Blackhurn, Cyrus 41

Blankets 17

Board of Indian Commissioners, report of 5

Boies, John K 10

Boots and shoes 19

Bread, hard 15

Brown, Levi R 41

Caddo, Ind. T 29

Carlisle school 26

Carter, Agent 31,32

Cherokee schools 29

Chickasaw and Choctaw schools 30, 34

Clothing 19

Coffee 13

Committee, executive 5,

purchasing 5

Conference, annual 50

Corn 14

Corn-meal 14

Cotton goods 18

Crockery and lamps 20

Eaton, Commissioner - , 54

Education 6

Executive committee 5

report of 11

Feed 14

Fisk, Clinton B 10,50,51

Flour 14

H. Ex. 77 5

66 INDEX.

Page.

Fort Berthold Agency 43

Station ' 45

Fort Sully Station 45

Furniture and wooden ware 14

Gregory, J. M 51

Groceries 20

Hard bread 15

Harness, leather, &c 22

Hats and caps 19

Haworth, J. M 31,56

Hominy 15

Indian lands 6, 7

Territory 8

report on 26

condition of „ 35

Johnson, J. Topliff 51

Johnson, William T 10

Journal of annual conference 50

Judd, Orange 10

Kendall, Henry 50, 51

Lands, Indian 6

Lard 15

Lawrence, Kans 34

Leech Lake Agency 43

Lightner, Agent 7

Lower Brule" Agency 8

Lowrie, J. C 59

Lyon, William H 10,12

Mackinac blankets : 17

McAlister, Ind. T 29

McMichael, William 10,56,57

Miscellaneous articles 22

Missionary Society, Baptist * 36

Episcopal 38

Congregational 41 , 45

Friends 39,41

Presbyterian 47, 49

Nez Perce" Agency 34

Notions 20

Oatmeal 15

Oats 15

Omaha Indians 7

Ottawa Indians 31

petition of 31

Paints and oils 1 24

Parkhurst, Agent : 8

Pawnee Agency 32

Painter, C. C . 59

Ponca Agency - - - • 34

Pork 16

Pratt, Captain 26

Progress 9

Protestant Episcopal Mission 38

Purchasing committee 5

report of 11

Redaction of agencies 8

Report of the board 5

executive committee 11

purchasing committee 11

E. Whittlesey 26

Religious societies - 36

Reid, J. M., letter of 52

Reynolds, G., letter of 55

Rhoades, James E 40

Rice 16

Salt 16

Savannah, I. T 29

Santee" Station 46

Sac and Fox Agency 31

INDEX. 67

Page.

Schools, Carlisle 26

Cherokee 32

Choctaw and Chickasaw 28

Chilocco 34

Nez Perce" 34

Pawnee and Otoe 33

Shawnee . 32

Sac and Fox 31.

superintendent of 6

Shippen, Rush R 55

Sisseton Agency 43

Smiley, Albert K 10, 60

Spokane Falls 44

Stoneman, George 10

Stoves, &c 29

Strieby, M. E 50

Sugar' .' 16

Talequah, I. T 27

Tea 16

Teller, Secretary 3

letter of 53

Territory, Indian 6, 7, 8, 47

condition of 35

Tin ware 24

Tishomingo, I. T 30

Tobacco 17

Union Agency 26

Wagons 23

Wheat 17

Whittlesey, E 10, 11, 36

report of 26

Woolen goods 18

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