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WASHINGTON:
GOVERNMENT PRINTING- OFFICE.
1884.
J6 IND
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ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE
Public Library ;
Kansas City, M'«X
COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
TO THE
SECRETARY. OF THE INTERIOR
FOR
THE YE^LR 1884.
WASHINGTON:
GOVERNMENT PRINTING}- OFFICE,
1884.
4266 IND
\8X1r-
CONTENTS.
Page.
Map ........................... . ............................................. I
Report of Commissioner ....................................................... Ill
PAPERS ACCOMPANYING ANNUAL REPORT.
EEPORTS OF AGENTS:
Arizona :
Colorado River, John W. Clark ......................................... 1
Pima and Maricopa and Papago, A. H. Jackson .................... . ..... 5
San CarJLos, P. P. Wilcox ................................................ 7
California :
Hoopa Valley, Capt. Chas. Porter, U. S. A ............................. .. 9
... Mission, J. G. McCallum ................................................. 12
Round Valley, H. B. Sheldon ............................................ 15
Tule River, C. G. Belknap ......................................... : ..... 17
Colorado :
Southern Ute, "Warren Patten ............... . .................... ._ ..... 18
Dakota :
Cheyenne River, William A. Swan ....................................... 20
Crow Creek and Lower Ernie", John G. Gasmann ......................... 23
Henry E. Gregory, farmer in charge .......................... . ........ 29
Devil's Lake, John W. Cramsie ...... , ................................... 30
. Fort Berthold, Abram J. Gifford ......................................... 35
Pine Ridge, V. T. McGillycuddy ......................................... 36
J. Ashley Thompson, physician ........................................ 211
Rosebud, James G. Wright .............................................. 42
. Sisseton, Benj. W. Thompson ............................................ 49
Standing Rock, James McLaughlin ....................... . ..... _ ........ 52
. Yankton, J. F. Kinney . ................................................. 57
Idaho :
/Fort Hall. A. L. Cook ................................................... 63
Lemhi, John Harries ................................................. ... 65
. Nez Perc6, Charles E. Monteith .......................................... 67
G. L. Deffenbaugh, missionary ........................................ 69
Indian Territory :
- Cheyenne and Arapaho, D. B. Dyer . ..................................... 70
S. S. Haury, missionary ............................................... 77
Kiowa, Comanche, and Wichita, P. B. Hunt ............................. 79
Osage and Raw, L. J. Miles ............ * ................................ 82
Ponca, Pawnee, and Otoe, John W. Scott ............. . .................. 84
Quapaw, W. H. Robb, special agent ..................................... 90
Sac and Fox, Isaac A. Taylor ............................................ 92
Union, John Q. Tufts . ........................... '. ...................... 98
II CONTENTS.
Page.
REPORTS OF AGENTS — Continued.
Iowa :
Sac and Fox, George L. Davenport 100
Kansas :
Pottawatomie and Great Nemaha, H. C. Linn 101
Michigan :
Maekinac, Edw. P. Allen 103
Minnesota :
White Earth, C. P. Luse 103
Montana :
Blackfeet, R. A. Allen.. 106
Crow, H. J. Armstrong 108
Flathead, Peter Ronan Ill
Fort Belknap, W. L. Lincoln 114
Fort Peck, S. E. Snider 116
Nebraska :
Omaha and Winnebago, George W.Wilkinson 117
Santee, Isaiah Lightner „ 120
Alfred L. Riggs, principal normal training school 126
Nevada :
Nevada, Joseph M. McMaster 126
Western Shoshone, John S. Mayhugh 128
New Mexico :
Mescalero and Jicarilla, William H. H. Llewellyn 130
Navajo, John H. Bowman 133
Moquis Pueblo, John H. Bowman 136
Pueblo, Pedro Sanchez 138
New York :
New York, W Peacock 139
North Carolina :
Cherokee, Samuel B. Gibson 140
Oregon :
Grand Ronde, P. B. Sinnott 141
Klaniath, L. M. Nickersou 142
Siletz, F. M. Wadsworth 145
Umatilla, E. J. Sommerville 147
Warm Springs, Alonzo Gesner 150
Texas :
Tonkawa, Lieut. E. Chandler, U. S. A 153
Utah :
Ouray, J. F. Gardner 155
Uintah Valley, Elisha W. Davis 155
Washington Territory :
Colville, Sidney D. Waters 158
James O'Neill, resident farmer 161
Neah Bay, Oliver Wood 162
Quinaielt, Chas. Willoughby 164
Nisqually and S'Kokomish, Edwin Eells 166
G. W. Bell, principal Puyallup school 167
Tulalip, Patrick Buckley 169
Yakama, R. II. Milroy 171
CONTENTS. Ill
Page.
REPORTS OF AGENTS— Continued.
Wisconsin:
Green Bay, D. P. Andrews 177
La Pointo, W. R. Durfee 178
Wyoming :
Shoshone, S. R. Martin 182
Report of Capt. R. H. Pratt, U. S. A., in charge of Indian training school at Car-
lisle, Pa 186
Report of S. C. Armstrong, principal Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute. 189
Report of H. J. Minthorn, superintendent Indian training school at Forest Grove,
Oreg 202
Report of Samuel F. Tappan, superintendent Indian training school at Genoa,
Nebr 207
Report of W. J. Hadley, superintendent training school, Chilocco, Ind. Ter 209
Indian legislation by the second session of the Forty-eighth Congress 213
Tabular statement showing the present liabilities of the United States to Indian
tribes under treaty stipulations 224
Tabular report of the condition of trust-funds 230
Statement of receipts and disbursements on account of sales of Indian lands since
November 1, 1883 235
Statement of disbursements made from appropriations for the Indian service for
the fiscal year ending June 30, 1884 236
Statement of salaries and incidental expenses paid at agencies for the fiscal year
ending June 30, 1884 „ 246
Executive orders relating to Indian reservations 252
Schedule giving names, location, and areas of Indian reservations, and the author-
ity for establishing the same 256
Statistics relating to Indian schools • 266
Table showing population, industries, and sources of subsistence of various Indian
tribes, together with religious and vital statistics 284
Statistics relating to lauds, agricultural improvements, live stock, crops, &c., of
Indians at their respective agencies '. 304
Statistics relating to census of Indians and salaries paid school employe's 322
Table showing prevailing diseases among Indians, number of cases of sickness
treated, &c 338
List of members of the Board of Indian Commissioners, with their post-office ad-
dress 348
List of agencies formerly assigned to religious denominations 348
List of inspectors and special agents 348
List of agents, with their post-office and telegraphic address 349
Abstract of proposals received and contracts awarded for supplies, transportation,
goods, hardware, school books, and medicines for the Indian service 352
ABSTRACT OF RECOMMENDATIONS CONTAINED IN REPORT OF
COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
Page-
Change in manner of mating appropriations so as to allow Department
discretion in their disbursement V
Passage of Indian appropriation act by Congress early in the session V
Law to prevent sale of fire-arms to Indians VII
Law imposing more severe penalty for sale of liquor to Indians VII
Appropriation to pay judges of the court of Indian offenses IX
Passage of bill for allotment of Indian lands in severalty XII
Legislation relative to leasing Indian lands XIII
Legislation making United States law applicable to "crimes committed
by one Indian against the person or property of another" XIV
Establishment of a court in the Indian Territory XV
Extension of penalty for depredations on Indian timber lands to all Indian
lands : XVI
Increase of pay for Indian police XVI
Increase in appropriations for Indian school buildings XXIII
Legislation for the relief of the Mission Indians iu California XXXVII
Amendment of law for punishment of intruders on Indian lands XLII
Appropriation to compensate Chippewa Indians for damage to their reserva-
tions by the construction of reservoirs on the headwaters of the Mis-
sissippi XL VII
Legislation for the settlement of estates of deceased Kickapoo allottees. .. L,
REPORT
OF THE
COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR,
OFFICE OF INDIAN AFFAIRS,
Washington, October 15, 1884.
SIR: I have the honor to submit herewith ray fourth annual report,
and believe that a careful perusal of it will show that along the pathway
of progress in the last twelvemonths some dark spots have been removed
and some bright spots made brighter. More Indians are living in houses
and fewer in tepees than there were one year ago. More are cultivating
the soil and fewer following the chase than when I made my last annual
report. There are more in the carpenter, blacksmith, and other me-
chanical shops, trying to earn an honest living, and fewer at the war
dance, scalp dance, and sun dance than in October, 1883. There are
also several hundred more Indian children in industrial, agricultural,
and mechanical schools, fitting themselves to become useful, intelligent
citizens, than there were twelve months since. During the same period
many Indians have with the proceeds of their own labor purchased im-
proved farm machinery arid agricultural implements, arid are making
praiseworthy efforts to take their places among the independent agri
culturists of the country. Taken altogether, an impartial view of the
situation warrants the belief that some time in the near future it is fair
to presume that, with the aid of such industrial, agricultural, and me-
chanical schools as are now being carried on, the Indian will be able
to care for himself, and be no longer a burden but a help to the Gov-
ernment.
EXPENSE OF INDIAN SERVICE.
1 am not aware that any report from this office has ever shown just
how much the Government contributes from the United Sjtates Treas-
ury to feed and clothe the 200,000 Indians who are its wards, outside
of the five civilized tribes. The public at large finds from the proceed-
ings of Congress and the public press that $5,000,000 in round numbers
have been appropriated for the Indian service, and this gives to each
Indian $25, which, if true, would not enable any person, either white or
Indian, to live very luxuriously, for it is a fraction less than 7 cents a day.
IV REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIKS.
But small as this is, it is by no means the worst feature of the case,
because after deducting from the $5,000,000 the money due the Indians,
and which the Government only holds in trust for them, and then de-
ducting cost of transportation and other legitimate and necessary ex-
penses, it is found, by a careful examination of the accounts, that the
Indians actually get of the money belonging to the Government, to feed
and clothe them, only about $7 per annum per capita, or a fraction less
than 2 cents a day for each Indian. It takes from the Treasury of the
Government $1,000 a year for each soldier in our Army, whose chief
business it is to see that peace is preserved on the frontier, while it
takes from the same source for each Indian only .$7. I make this com-
parison not for the purpose of conveying the idea that the Army appro-
priation is too much, for I do not know that it is, but for the purpose
of showing that the Indian appropriation is too small, because I do
Tcnow that it is, if it is expected to transform the Indians from being
wild roving nomads into peaceable, industrious, and self-supporting cit-
izens in any reasonable time.
Among the items for which more liberal appropriations should be
made, are pay of police, pay of additional farmers, and pay of the officers
who compose the courts of Indian offenses. I am sustained by the best
and highest authority in saying that " there is that scattereth and yet
increaseth, and there is that withholdeth more than is meet, but it
tendeth to poverty." More liberality in paying Indian agents, and
assisting such Indians as need it and show a disposition to help them-
selves would be true economy, and hasten the day when the Indians
would need no pecuniary aid from the Government.
DELIVERY OF GOODS AND SUPPLIES.
One great cause of embarrassment in the management of the affairs
of this Bureau is the failure to make the appropriations for the Indian
service in time, so that deliveries may be made at the distant agencies
within the year for which the appropriations are made, and as a conse-
quence the Indians are as completely deprived of any benefit for that
year as though none had been made. In this connection I call atten-
tion to the fact that after the appropriation bill passes much time is
necessarily consumed before contracts can be let, and after contracts
are awarded from fifteen to thirty days7 time is consumed before bonds
and contracts can be executed and approved. In addition to this many
of the goods purchased, such as clothing, hardware, wagons, &c., have
to be manufactured after contracts are awarded and bonds approved.
It is therefore very evident that unless the Indian appropriation bill
passes early in the session, many of the goods and supplies for the
extreme northwestern agencies cannot possibly reach their destination
within the year for which they are purchased.
The newspapers of the country have been full of complaints for months
past, because certain Indians at the extreme northern agencies were
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS. V
suffering for food, and by inference the cause of this suffering was at-
tributable to neglect on the part of this office; while on the contrary,
the suffering of these Indians for lack of food, was attributable directly
and entirely first, to the fact that the appropriations for them were not
made until three months after the}' should have been made, and sec-
ond, tbat when made, the amount allowed was less than was asked for
by this office, and consequently insufficient for the 'absolute wants of
these Indians. The Blackfeet, Blood and Tiegau Indians, and those at.
Fort Peck and Fort Belkuap agencies, were driven to great straits to
sustain life during the winter and spring of 1883 and 1884, being com-
pelled to kill many of their horses and young stock cattle for food, and
to resort to every possible expedient, such as eating bark, wild roots,
&c., and there is little doubt that many deaths amongst them were the
direct result of lack of food. Throughout their severest trials, however,
I am glad to be able to say that they have been guilty of very few acts
of lawlessness or depredation.
It is evident that owing to the entire disappearance of game and the
inability of these Indians to support themselves for the present by agri-
culture, and in the absence of stock herds old enough and large enough
so that the increase might afford a permanent, even if very limited,
supply, they will be compelled to depend nearly altogether on the Gov-
ernment for food for several years to come. These Indians, notwith-
standing their late sad experience, are cheerfully endeavoring to make
the best of their present opportunities, and are anxious to help them-
selves. Much has been done by them during the past year in digging
irrigating ditches, fencing and breaking fields, building dwelling houses,
&c., and they are, with few exceptions, diligently and patiently strug-
gling for independence ; and there is good reason to hope that with
proper assistance, in a few years each household will own. a team and
have enough land under cultivation, which, with a few stock-cattle, will
be sufficient to make a great majority of them nearly independent. In
view of all thess circumstances, I believe that there has never been a
time in the history of these tribes when judicious assistance and encour-
agement from the Government would have been so beneficial to them
as at present.
I have called attention to these things before, and now do so again,
with the hope that Congress may see the necessity of making appro-
priations for the Indian service as to time and quantity so as to prevent,
in the future, all just complaints of this character.
MANNER OF MAKING APPROPRIATIONS.
In my last annual report I called attention to this matter in the fol-
lowing language:
" Under the present system of making appropriations for the Indian
service, and the rulings of the accounting officers of the Treasury in the
VI REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
settlement of accounts, this office is very much embarrassed, and large
loss of funds is occasioned. Money that might be very advantageously
used if the Department had any power to exercise its discretion in the
matter, now goes back into the Treasury every year to the amount of
hundreds of thousands of dollars, because some change or circumstance
occurs that could not possibly have been foreseen at the time the appro-
priation was made. If the appropriations were made more in bulk, or
so as to allow the Department to use its discretion in their expenditure,
so that any part of an appropriation not needed for the object or purpose
for which it was made, or that could be spared therefrom, could be used
for some other object or purpose in the Indian service, it would aid very
materially the smooth and successful operations of this office; provided
always, however, that no treaty stipulations should in any manner be
interfered with. No one, however well posted in the affairs of the
Indian Office, can by any possibility know exactly what will be needed
at every point for one year in advance, and as a matter of course mem-
bers of Congress cannot be better posted in these matters than those
whose business it is to watch every part of it for three hundred and
sixty-five days in the year. If Congress will fix the amount to be ex-
pended for the Indian service, and leave the Department to distribute
it as the wants of the service seem to require, I am confident it would
be a great improvement on the present manner of doing business.
Under the present system some non- treaty tribes of Indians receive 3
pounds gross of beef per capita each day, and some 2 ounces per capita
each day. If the plan I suggest were adopted this disproportion could
be remedied, while it cannot be remedied under the present system.
" If the manner of making the appropriations for the Indian service
be contrasted with that of the War Department, it will add strength
to the suggestions which I have made. The appropriations for the
War Department for the year 1883, amounting in round numbers to
$25,000,000, were made under less than sixty different heads, leaving,
very properly, as I believe, a large discretion with the Secretary of
War as to their disposal. The appropriation for the Indian service of
about one-fourth that amount is cut up into about two hundred and
sixty separate and distinct appropriations, each one of which must be
used as specially provided, and for no other purpose, although it may
happen that in one place there is an abundance, while in another want
/ind famine may prevail. In other words, the whole War Department,
with all its Bureaus, has only about sixty different appropriations, while
the Indian Bureau alone has its appropriations under two hundred and
sixty different heads. I have thought it my duty to call attention to
this in order that the much-needed change may be made in the manner
of making appropriations for the Indian service."
Congress at the last session, in the direction of this line of policy,
provided in the Indian appropriation bill that " Government property
now on hand," not required at the reservation where it is. might be
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS. VII
used for the benefit of other reservations. This, it will be observed,
only provides for the property which was on hand at the date of the
passage of the act, to wit, on the 4th of July, 1884, but does not author-
ize any apportionment or distribution of goods or supplies purchased
after that date. This does not meet the necessities of the case to which
I referred, and I now again invite attention to this matter and urge the
importance of such legislation as will allow of the distribution of goods
and supplies of all kinds to non-treaty tribes of Indians in such man-
ner as to kind and quantity as in the opinion of the Department may
be calculated to promote the best interests of the service; and I do not
hesitate to assert that the same amount of money disposed of in this
manner will do much more good and give more general satisfaction than
it does on the present plan.
SALE OF ARMS AND AMMUNITION, AND LIQUOR TO INDIANS.
I again call attention to the fact that no law exists to prevent the
sale of arms and ammunition to Indians. This office can and does pre-
vent persons licensed and under bonds as Indian traders from furnish-
ing either arms or ammunition to Indians ; but outside parties furnish
both arms and ammunition, because there is no law to punish them for
so doing. This practice places the Indians in a semi-independent posi-
tion to the Government, which has been productive of much trouble,
and, in some instances, loss of life. I hope, therefore, that Congress
may see the necessity of passing a stringent prohibitory law on this
subject, so that the personal liberty of both whites and Indians may be
interfered with in this particular.
Congress, at the last session, so far responded to my repeated re-
quests for funds to be used in the prosecution of persons who furnish
intoxicating liquor to Indians as to make an appropriation of $5,000
for that purpose. This is one step in the right direction, and the first
one that has been taken upon this particular subject, and it has already
produced good results, one of which is that some of the violators of law
are now in prison. But this is but a step in the commencement of
what should be followed by legislation to make it thoroughly effective.
After the offender has been arrested, tried, and found guilty, the pun-
ishment under the law as it now stands may be, and in many instances
is, so light as to be no terror to the evil doer. When from $100 to $500
have been 'expended in prosecuting a case to conviction of the offender
and then have him fined $1 and imprisoned one day, as has been the case
in some instances, it is very obvious that this worst of all evils in the
Indian country will not be removed, and is so broad a farce as to be
justly ridiculed and despised. The only effectual remedy for this is the
one which I have repeatedly recommended, and that is to make the
penalty not less than $300 fine, and not less than two years' imprisonment.
The law now reads not more than $300, and not more than two years'
imprisonment.
VIII REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
The Indians themselves complain of the Government's allowing
white men to furnish liquor to their people, and in some cases do
all in their power to cure this evil by severely punishing their own
people who indulge in the use of intoxicating liquors. What must an
Indian think of a Government claiming to be governed by the princi-
ples of Christianity, and urging them to abandon their heathenish
practices and adopt the white man's ways, which at the same time
allows the meanest and vilest creatures in the persons of white men to
demoralize and debauch their young men by furnishing them with that
which brutalizes and destroys them ? What is wanted now is a penalty
attached to the law for its violation commensurate with the crime, and
I earnestly request that Congress at its next session will, in addition to
the good work which it has begun by appropriating money for the prosecu-
tion of those who furnish liquor to Indians, also make the penalty for
the violation of the law so severe as to make it dangerous for any one
to violate it.
REMOVALS OF INDIANS.
Crows. — Since my last report was made, the Crow Indians, whose res-
ervation in Montana is estimated to contain 4,713,000 acres, have been
removed from their old location in the western part of the reservation
to the valleys of the Big Horn and the Little Big Horn Eivers. Much
difficulty was experienced in making this removal, from the fact that
Congress only appropriated $10,000 for this purpose, while the bids re-
ceived after advertising twice according to law, for the construction of
the agency buildings, ranged from $43,000 to $70,000. After trying in
vain for months to secure the construction of the necessary buildings
by this means, it was decided to send a special agent on to the ground
selected for the future home of these Indians, and to construct out of the
timber growing there the buildings required. The work intrusted to
this agent, I am glad to say, has apparently been satisfactorily done,
and as a consequence we have to day not only the required- agency
buildings, for which contractors asked from $43,000 to $70,000, but
have also in addition 52 log cabins for Indian dwellings.
During the last year 300 acres of land have been broken for cultiva-
tion at the new agency, about 100 homesteads taken, and more land
cultivated by the Indians than in any previous year of their history.
In addition to this a large number of stock cattle have been purchased
for them, thus placing them a long way in advance of the position oc-
cupied by them one year ago. All this has been done without creating
a deficiency in any branch of the appropriation, and without the viola-
tion of any law or regulation of the Department, and thus a long step
taken in the direction of transforming the " wild Crows of the mountains"
into a peaceable and self-supporting people*.
Not only has this been done, but it has thus been made possible to
add to the public domain at least 3,000,000 acres of this reservation,
leaving still all the land necessary for the use and occupancy of this
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS. IX
tribe of Indians. If this 3,000,000 acres are so disposed of as to give
the Crows some benefit of the proceeds thereof, they will no longer re-
quire any aid from the Government, and thus one fraction of the Indian
problem will have been solved, and an example and incentive given to
other tribes of Indians to do likewise.
Tonkawas. — A small tribe of Tonkawa Indians has for many years
been living in the State of Texas without any reservation or right to
any particular location. Congress for several years has made a small
appropriation for their relief, and in the absence of any authority to ap-
point, or funds to pay an agent, an officer of the Army has been detailed
to look after their interests. The condition of these Indians has not im-
proved, but, on the contrary, has become worse each year. At the last
session of Congress an appropriation of $10,000 was made for the u sup-
port, civilization, and instruction of the Tonkawa Indians, and for their
removal to a reservation in the Indian Territory." Arrangements have
now been made for removing these Indians from Texas to the Iowa
reservation in the Indian Territory, where by treaty stipulations the
Government has the right to place other Indians than the lowas. This
will place these Indians under a regular agent, and on land where they
can legally remain, with an opportunity to make homes for their fami-
lies, and engage in agricultural pursuits, and a chance to avail them-
selves of the advantages of the Government schools in that region.
COURT OF INDIAN OFFENSES.
In my last annual report I had the honor to call your attention to the
" Court of Indian Offenses " which had been established at a few of the
agencies ; and, believing that the organization of this court would be
a practical benefit to the Indian service, and tend materially to the
advancement and civilization of the Indians, I recommended that a
sufficient appropriation be made for the purpose of paying the judges
a reasonable compensation for their services. At every agency where
the court has been established it has been well received, and the decis-
ions of the judges respectfully acquiesced in and quietly and peaceably
enforced. At some of the agencies this court has been instrumental
in abolishing many of the most barbarous and pernicious customs that
have existed among the Indians from time immemorial '; and if properly
encouraged, and the Indians are made to believe that the Government
is honest in its endeavors to promote their welfare and intellectual and
moral advancement, I believe that in a few years polygamy and the
heathenish customs of the sun dance, scalp dance, and war dance will
be entirely abolished.
The reports of the agents of the agencies where this court is organ-
ized indicate very conclusively the beneficial results already accom-
plished. The agent of the Umatilla Agency, Oregon, says that this
court —
Has worked admirably and made a radical change, especially among the young
men of the tribe, for the better, as all disorders or offenses that come before the judges
here are inexorably punished.
X REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
The agent of the Fort Peck Agency, Montana, says that this court —
Has been of practical value to ine. All minor offenses and difficulties that fre-
quently arise, that of necessity must be adjusted, are turned over to the judges of the
court. The Indians are willing to abide by their decision and submit to the penalty
imposed. The decision and authority, coming as it does from their own people, has
the moral tendency to educate them up to the idea of law.
The agent of the Nez Perce" Agency, in Idaho, says :
The court has done a good work during the past year in correcting error and crime.
The following is a list of cases passed upon by said court :
Offenses.
No. of
cases.
Fines
collected.
17
$168 25
Theft
3
25 00
"Wife-beatin <*
2
23 00
Plurality of wives . . .
1
20 00
1
10 00
Contempt of court
I
10 00
4
256 25
Amount of fines imposed and not yet collected, $30.
The agent of the Standing Eock Agency, Dakota, says that he organ-
ized the court of Indian offenses at his agency in October last, and is —
Pleased to state that it has given entire satisfaction. The j udges are good men, who
command respect and have the confidence of the Indians, aud their decisions have
been just and impartial, and have in every case been sustained by public sentiment.
Sessions of this court are held every alternate Saturday, and it aids me materially in
administering the affairs of the agency.
The agent of the Devil's Lake Agency, Dakota, says :
The court of Indian offenses is of great assistance to an agent in keeping the Indians
under proper restraint and enforcing the laws published by the Department for the
punishment of offenses, for without their assistance the facts in the cases would never
be got at. "It takes a thief to catch a thief," and it requires an Indian lawyer to
sift an Indian statement and the evidence of Indian witnesses. Crimes and much
petty trouble are prevented, because the Indians know that the true facts in the case
will be understood and learned by the Indian judges; whereas a white man could be
fooled, as they express it. The system also relieves the agent of much disagreeable
work and odium in connection with the duty of imposing fines or imprisonment upon
offenders. I have divided the reservation into three school districts, and the judge
residing in each district is responsible for the attendance at school of the children in
that district. If these men were under pay the task of keeping children at school
would be a less arduous one. During the year the judges have tried forty-two cases
and passed sentence of imprisonment or fine upon thirty-four offenders.
The agent of the White Earth Agency, Minnesota, says :
The court here has relieved me of many trying cases, and now it would seem as if
it would be impossible to do without them. Their judgment in most cases has been
excellent, and their decisions submitted to without any complaint in most cases.
There are a few lawless persons here that have been able to do as they wished for
many years, and the restraint that this court has been to them has caused some
little dissatisfaction. But it is only a question of time and it will become a perma-
nent fixture and recognized as the only way to settle the little differences among
them. If these judges could be paid a reasonable salary for their time aud services
there would not be any doubt of the continued good results from this court.
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS. XI
The agent of the Sftntee and Flandreaii Agency says that his court
of Indian offenses has tried thirty-three cases during the past year,
and the fines collected have aggregated $56. He thinks the court is
doing good service and is of much benefit to the agency in preventing
and punishing crime.
The agent of the Omaha and Winnebago Agency, Nebraska, says :
The Indian court of offenses has proven efficient and effective in dealing with the
class of disorders which come under its control. It is, however, daily more apparent
that the three judges of this court should be compensated for their services, as they
are frequently called upon to do unpopular things, and, if true to the duties of their
office, often risk personal friendship and help. This is a just reason why they should
be made independent and secure against loss. Another reason is found in the fact
that the judges must be of necessity taken from the more advanced and progressive
people, and such have farms that cannot be left without loss while they are giving
their time to trials. Each convening of the judges costs them a day's time, which
cannot be given without loss. With proper compensation and under proper provis-
ions the duties of the judges could be enlarged and the order and discipline of the
people enhanced.
The three judges of this agency have also joined in a strong appeal
for compensation for their services. They say that they have patiently
investigated every case brought before them, that their authority has
been fully recognized by the whole tribe, and every penalty ordered by
the court has been executed, and that, among other things, polygamy
has been entirely abolished under their administration.
As appears from the above, one great drawback to the successful organ-
ization of this court is the lack of money to pay the judges and other
officers of the court a compensation for their services. Hence many of the
agents have been unable to organize the court, because their best Indians
are unwilling to leave their farms and business occupations when they
know that their only reward may perhaps be a loss of influence and pop-
ularity among the tribe. It is a rare case of unselfish devotion to the
public welfare for a white man to accept an office with responsible duties
attached, unless it is also accompanied with a commensurate salary.
It is not reasonable to expect the Indian to be more unselfish than his
white brother, and hence if it is desired that this court should be con-
tinued, and carried into successful operation, it is absolutely necessary
that some provision be made to pay the officers of the court a reasona-
ble compensation. The judges, in my opinion, should not be asked to
serve for less than $20 per month, and for the payment of this salary
and other necessary expenses an appropriation of $50,000 would be
sufficient. If this amount was appropriated the court could be suc-
cessfully established at every agency where it was found necessary.
The agents would be relieved of a large amount of unnecessary labor and
annoyance, and it would be a matter of economy to the Government in
saving the expense heretofore incurred of suppressing crimes which are
now included in the jurisdiction of the court of Indian offenses. I there-
fore respectfully recommend that Congress be asked for an appropria-
tion of $50,000 for the purpose above mentioned.
XII REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
INDIAN ' HOMESTEAD ENTRIES.
The Indian appropriation act for the current year contains a clause
allowing Indians to avail themselves of the homestead laws without
the payment of fees and commissions on account of entries or proofs,
and appropriates the sum of $1,000 to aid Indians in making selections
of land and the necessary proofs. Under this act several entries have
been made by Indians in Washington Territory who for years have
been in possession of land along the Columbia Eiver. It is believed
that this provision, and your action in directing local officers to refuse
entries of whites upon lands occupied by Indians, as embodied in cir-
cular of the General Land Office dated May 31, 1884, will enable many
Indians to secure titles to their lands.
This clause also provides that all patents for lands under the Indian
homestead act shall be of the legal effect and declare that the United
States*does and will hold the land thus entered for the period of twenty-
five years in trust for the sole use and benefit of the Indian by whom such
entry shall have been made, or in case of his decease, of his widow and
heirs, according to the laws of the State or Territory where such land is
located 5 and that at the expiration of said period the United States will
convey the same by patent to said Indian, or his widow and heirs as
aforesaid, in fee, discharged of said trust and free of all charge or in-
cumbrance whatsoever.
ALLOTMENT OF LANDS IN SEVERALTY AND PATENTS.
During the year 12 certificates of allotments have been issued to the
Indians on the White Earth Reservation, under the treaty with the
Chippewas of the Mississippi concluded March 19, 1867 (16 Stat., 721) j
9 to the Pottawatomies of the Indian Territory, under the act of May
23, 1872 (17 Stat., 159),,the cost of the land to the United States in the
nine Pottawatomie cases having been reimbursed by the allottees ;
12 to the Sioux Indians at the Eosebud Agency, under the sixth article
of the Sioux treaty concluded April 29, 1868 (15 Stat., 637), and 2 to
the Sisseton Indians on Lake Traverse, under the treaty of February
19, 1867 (15 Stat., 505).
Patents have been issued as follows : 78 to the Chippewas of Lake Su-
perior and the Mississippi, on the Lac Court Oreille Reservation, under
the provisions of the third article of the treaty of September 30, 1854
(10 Stat. 1110) ; and 6 to the Sisseton and Wahpeton bands of Sioux,
under the fifth article of the treaty of February 19, 1867 (15 Stat. 505) ;
making the total number of certificates and patents issued 119. Allot-
ments have also been approved by the President in favor of 119 Indians
in Washington Territory, and the issuance of patents to 60 of these
has been authorized. This office has also approved, in addition to the
foregoing, allotments to 102 Indians in Washington Territory, and re-
quested the issuance of patents.
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS. XIII
Several of the agents report that their Indians are earnestly asking
for allotments, which have hitherto been delayed for the want of an ap-
propriation to survey the reservation.
The bill to increase the quantity of land to be allotted the Nez Perce
and Willamette Indians, to which reference was made in my last Annual
Keport, passed the Senate at the last session of Congress, but no action
was taken by the House. The general allotment bill also passed the
Senate in a form generally acceptable to this Office, but received no
action from the House. It is hoped that favorable action may be taken
upon both these bills by the House of Representatives at the next ses-
sion.
SURVEY OF INDIAN RESERVATIONS.
The first appropriation of any consequence in ten years for the survey
of Indian reservations was made at the last session of Congress, when
the sum of $50,000 was appropriated "for survey and subdivision of In-
dian reservations, and defining by surveys the boundaries of reserva-
tions and of lands to be allotted to Indians." The act provides that
$5,000 of this amount, or so much thereof as may be necessary, shall be
used for surveying and defining the boundaries of the ls"avajo Indian
Eeservation. Although the sum appropriated is but half the amount
estimated for, it will do much to relieve the service of one of the most
serious embarrassments with which it has had to contend. It will en-
able this office to rerun and remark the lines of certain reservations
which have heretofore been surveyed, and possibly to inaugurate some
original surveys, so that the work of allotment will probably be con-
tinued during the year to a greater extent than heretofore. It is the in-
tention to use this money where it is most needed, and rely upon Con-
gress for further appropriations to accomplish the surveys in other
places.
The want of a proper definition of reservation boundaries has been
for years, and is still, one of the most fruitful causes of contention and dis-
order known to the Department, and it is to be hoped that the full amount
of my estimate for surveys for the ensuing fiscal year may be provided,
in order that existing disputes may be speedily settled, and a subdi-
vision of lands within the reservations made, wherever required and
deemed advisable, for the settlement of the Indians in individual
homes.
LEASING OF INDIAN LANDS.
Since the date of my last annual report, numerous applications have
been received from parties desirous to lease Indian lands, held by ordinary
occupancy, by tenancy, or by sufferance, mainly for cattle grazing pur-
poses. To all such, answer, based upon Department ruling on the question
in the Fenlon case, April 25, 1883, has been returned that no authority of
law existed for the making of such leases or agreements by the Indians or
by this Department, and that the Department would not approve them.
XIV REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
As a matter of fact, however, some few agreements of the character
mentioned have been entered into by certain Indian tribes on their own
responsibility, from which the Indians are drawing more or less pecu-
niary benefit. These agreements, however, have not received the ap-
proval of the Department for the reasons above stated. It is very de-
sirable that Congress should put this much vexed question upon a
proper basis, so that Indian lands not necessary for other purposes may
be made a source of income to the Indians under such rules and regu-
lations as the Secretary of the Interior may prescribe.
CRIMES AND OFFENSES.
A law is badly wanted for the punishment of crimes and offenses
amongst Indians themselves. In my last annual report I referred to
this subject at considerable length, and pointed out the embarrassment
occasioned this Department by reason of the excepting clause in the
United States Statutes (section 2146), which remits to tribal usages and
customs the punishment of crimes and offenses committed between the
Indians themselves. Outside the five civilized tribes in the Indian Ter-
ritory, who have their own legislatures, courts, and judicial machinery y
and amongst whom life and property are as secure as they are in the
States, the Indian is not amenable to any law for injuries committed on
one of his own race in the Indian country. The result is that the most
brutal and unprovoked murders are committed, and the murderer goe*
" unwhipt of justice."
A notable instance of this is the case of u Crow Dog," who killed the
celebrated Chief " Spotted Tail" on the Sioux reservation, and who
was tried and convicted before the first district court of Dakota, sitting
as a United States court, which held that under the peculiar provisions
of the treaty of 1868 and the agreement of 1877, with the Sioux Indians,
it had jurisdiction of the offense, notwithstanding the general provision
in the statutes. Upon petition for writ of habeas corpus and certio-
rarij the United States Supreme Court held that the statutory excep-
tion was not repealed by the provisions of the treaties, and that the
first district court of Dakota was without jurisdiction to find or try the
indictment against the prisoner; that the conviction and sentence were
void, and that his imprisonment was illegal.* The consequence is that
Crow Dog is at large upon the reservation unpunished.
Another notable case was that of Johnson Foster, a Creek Indian,
who committed a cold-blooded murder upon Eobert Poisal, a civilized
Arapaho, in the Shawnee country in the Indian Territory. The facts
of this case were fully set out in my last report and need not be reca-
pitulated. Here also there was no legal remedy at hand, but the Indi-
ans saved the Government all further trouble in the matter by finally
shooting the murderer down like a wild beast, not, however, until he
*Ex-parte Crow Dog 109, U. S. Reports, 556.
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS. XV
had duplicated his crime by murdering the United States deputy mar-
shal who had him in charge.
Still another and more recent case is that of Spotted Tail, junior, and
Thunder Hawk, who killed White Thunder (all of them Sioux Indians)^
the Kosebud Agency on the Sioux reservation. Under the decision
in the Crow Dog case, this office had no alternative but to reluctantly
order the prisoners, who, in the first instance, had been placed in the
custody of the military, back to the reservation. In regard to this af-
fair the agent reports as follows :
The quietude and monotony of affairs at the agency was broken on the evening of
May 29, by the killing of Chief White Thunder by Spotted Tail (son of the late
Chief Spotted Tail) and an Indian named Thunder Hawk. My information, obtained
principally from Spotted Tail after the fracas, is that White Thunder, feeling aggrieved,,
went to Spotted Tail's camp, and took therefrom seven horses and other propei ty 't
Spotted Tail going to his camp and seeing sornw of his horses dead on the road, he,
with two others, Thunder Hawk and Long Pumpkin, went to and commenced firing
into the camp of White Thunder's friends, during which White Thunder received
two riile shots, one from Spotted Tail in the leg and another from Thunder Hawk in
the breast, from which he soon died. Long Pumpkin was thought to be mortally
wounded ; he has progressed till the present time with prospects of final recovery.
The father of White Thunder was also less seriously wounded, but on account of
extreme age may not recover. Six horses were killed in the affray. The next morn-
ing Spotted Tail and Thunder Hawk answered my summons and appeared before me
for examination. I sent them to Fort Niobrara. They have been kept prisoners at
the fort since that time.
If there is no law to punish or detain offenders of such character in durance, they
should not be returned to the place of their crimes, where the friends and relatives of
the murdered reside, and who stand ready, whenever afflicted with "bad hearts" or
are "mourning," to avenge the offense, endangering the lives of many, and good gov-
ernment of all. I look upon this trouble as an outgrowth of the return to this agency
of " Crow Dog" (the murderer of Chief Spotted Tail, August, 1881), imprisoned, tried,
convicted, and condemned for this crime; afterwards on the decision of the United
States Supreme Court, "that the court had no jurisdiction over Indian offenders
against Indians," he was released and returned here, feeling of more importance than
the highest chief of the nation. His presence from the time of his return has been
the cause of jealousy and heartburning; it has at different times appeared as though
trouble would result from this cause. "White Thunder" had become one of the pro-
gressive men among the Indians; had recently induced a number of his band to leave
the vicinity of the agency to form a new camp where good farms could be made, and
by his example induced them to go to work. His death will be a loss to his people,
as also to the whites, to whom he was a good friend ; his influence was on the side of
good government, law and order.
Other instances may be cited, but enough have been given to show
the necessity for an amendment of the law in this particular. The aver-
age Indian may not be ready for the more complex questions of civil
law, but he is sufficiently capable to discriminate between right and
wrong, and should be taught by the white man's law to respect the per-
sons and property of his race, and that under the same law he himself
is entitled to like protection.
In this connection I desire to call your attention to the importance of
establishing a United States court in. the Indian Territory, in accord-
XVI REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
ance with existing treaties with the civilized tribes, and I cannot better
do so than by quoting from the annual report of the agent at the Fiion
Agency, to which the civilized tribes are attached. He says:
In criminal cases where white men and Indians are the parties, or where both par-
ties are white men, the case is tried by the United States court at Fort Smith, Ark.
About four-fifths of criminal cases tried at that court come from the Indian Territory ;
the long distances witnesses must travel to reach this court makes the administration
of justice not only very expensive to the Government, and to the witnesses who are
compelled to attend, but it is the cause of a large number of crimes committed in the
Territory not being reported ; witnesses cannot afford to travel several times to Fort
Smith, Ark., to prosecute criminals. The fees and mileage will not pay ordinary fare
and necessary expenses of the trip, allowing nothing for the time lost. The business
of the court is transacted as rapidly as possible, but cases are continued from term to
term, and several trips must be made by the witnesses before the case is tried. Crim-
inals take advantage of this state of affairs, and crime is much more prevalent than
if a court was established in the Territory, as the treaty provides and the Indians
desire. The Territory having no friend at court to call attention to these matters,
the Indian Office should do so in the interest of good order and economy.
TIMBER AND OTHER DEPREDATIONS ON INDIAN LANDS.
At the first session of the present Congress a bill (S. 1545) to amend
section 5388 of the Eevised Statutes in relation to timber depredations
so as to apply to all classes of Indian lands, passed the Senate, but was
not reached in the House. This legislation is much required, especially
in the Indian Territory, where depredations are constant, and I would
respectfully recommend that the bill be still further amended, so as to
include coal and other minerals upon Indian lands.
INDIAN POLICE.
In the Indian appropriation bill approved May 27, 1878, provision was
made for organizing an Indian police force, not exceeding 50 officers and
430 privates. During that year a force was organized at 30 different
agencies, and from that day to this the wisdom of Congress in estab-
lishing such a force has been more apparent every year. During the
past year the force has consisted of 784 officers and privates at 48
out of the 60 different agencies, and it is believed that the records of
constabulary organizations throughout the country will not present a
more favorable showing for fidelity, faithfulness, and impartial per-
formance of duty than has been displayed by the Indian police. When
it is borne in mind that a great majority of the cases upon which
they are called to act are offenses committed by their own race against
laws made by a race with which they have not heretofore been in sym-
pathy ; that they are hedged in by rules and regulations which so
abridge the absolute freedom to which they have been accustomed as to
gall and chafe them continually, any infringement of which is promptly
punished; and that many of the regulations established forbid prac-
tices which almost form a part of the very existence of the Indian,
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS. XVII
practices and customs which are to them a religion, and which, if neg-
lected, they believe will result in disaster and death, the impartiality
with which the police have performed the duties devolving upon them
is creditable in the highest degree. It matters not who the offender is,
whether chief of the tribe or a young warrior, Indian or white man, friend
or foe, stranger or one " to the manor born," when ordered to make an
arrest there is no flinching from duty, and it is truly marvelous that so
little friction has occurred in the performance of their duties. One of
the best evidences of their efficiency and adherence to duty is shown
in the fact that out of a force of nearly 800 men only 80 have been dis-
charged from the force during the year for all causes combined.
I cannot conscientiously perform my duty nor do justice to this mer
itorious body of men without again calling attention to their meager
salary, and urging that a more liberal compensation be paid to them.
This office requires that they shall be men of unquestioned energy,
courage, and self-command : be hi vigorous bodily health ; be good
horsemen and good shots with rifle and pistol. They must be well ac-
quainted with the topography of the reservation, and must so inform,
themselves as to the appearance of the cattle, wagons, and other prop-
erty belonging on the reservation as to be able to identify them wherever
found ; must constantly patrol the districts assigned ; must give imme-
diate notice of the arrival of strangers on the reservation; must obtain
all possible information in regard to timber, cattle, and horse-thieves,
squatters, and liquor-sellers in the vicinity, and must vigilantly watch
the movements of all suspicious characters and their associates, and re-
port the same ; must report all marriages, deaths, and cases of severe
sickness or accident; and must perform all the regular duties assigned,
and be ready for special service at any time. They are compelled to
furnish and feed their own horses, many of them keeping several, and
are often on a trail at hard riding for days at a time, all for the low
salary of $8 per month for officers and $5 per month for privates. Of
the 784 men in service the past year only 64 were single men ; all the
others had families averaging five members.
During the year 128 resigned on account of "inadequate salary," and
it is surprising that any accept or retain the position. Congress, at its
last session, recognized the necessity of greater compensation by au-
thorizing one agent to pay $15 per mouth. I earnestly recommend that
the rate of compensation per month be fixed as follows : Officers, $15 ;
sergeants, $12; privates, $10.
GENERAL STATISTICS.
The following tables show: (1) The distribution of population ; (2)
the objects and purposes of the expenditures from appropriations for
the fiscal years ended June 30, 1882, 1883, and 1884.
4266 IND II
XVIII REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
TABLE 1. — Distribution of population.
States and Territories.
Aggregate
nnmber of
agencies.
!|
rji
««*
<*£s
H
Indians not
under control
of agents.
3
18 699
2 46£
California
4
4 738
6 669
I
991
Dakota -
g
39 in
400
3
3 676
600
5
18 334
Indian Territory (five civilized tribes) .
1
64 000
1
354
1
976
Maine
410=
1
9 577
1
5 287
5
*15 333
Nebraska (including 201 attached to Kansas agency, but still living in
Nebraska)
2
3 609
Nevada
2
5 016
3 300
3
30 003
j
5 007
North Carolina
I
3 100
5
4 255
80O
97
290
Utah
2
2,309
390
6
10 846
150'
2
6 628
1 210
1
1 855
892
Total
61
246 794
17 575
Total number in United States, exclusive of those in Alaska 264, 369
* Of these 558 are in charge of a military officer and not on an Indian reservation,
t Indians in charge of a military officer,' and not on a reservation.
TABLE 2. — Objects and purposes of the expenditures from appropriations for the fiscal years
ending June 30, 1882, 1883, and 1884.
Objects and purposes for which the appropriations
have been ex pended.
1882.
1883.
1884.
Amount appropriated
$5, 124, 648 80
$5, 563, 104 13
$5, 291, 985 91
84, 552 77
3,898 18
23,711 64
36, 000 06
1,430 35
15, 749 99
667, 727 02
2, 302, 739 13
210, 581 73
285, 261 16
25, 265 37
14, 180 12
285, 819 36
324, 639 52
8, 345 66
244, 209 18
233, 364 48
12, 947 45
2, 790 76
6, 231 00
75, 975 61
330 00
83, 030 09
7, 290 .05
18, 306 24
34, 136 18
740 75
15, 886 86
534, 352 69
2, 473, 600 81
272, 959 44
323, 966 95
25,161 12
14, 174 22
294, 859 98
265, 801 19
7, 320 94
482, 336 44
145,160 25
13,472 49
3, 648 42
13, 258 77
83, 286 08
60 00
81, 888 53
8, 558 46
19, 187 62
30, 941 04
246 00
15,728 76
371, 073 79
2, 160, 967 92
259, 693 51
285, 148 76
24,803 12
21, 196 88
298, 666 56
254, 853 30
9, 096 48
669, 974 21
92, 130 67
11, 543 45
5, 810 82
21, 111 75
60, 097 08
Purchase and inspection of annuity goods and supplies
Payment of regular employ6s at agencies
To promote civilization among Indians generally,
Incidental expenses of agencies
263, 880 47
496 50
17, 250 00
"~7,'58i'49
13, 988-23
746 09
19, 963 01
21, 902 94
4, 625 95
803 50
4, 809 80
20, 081 78
6,756 31
4, 650 97
40, 387 74
Total amount expended
4, 897, 165 83
5,196,218 84
5, 006, 661 49
187, 095 23
366, 885 29
285, 324 42
EEPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS. XIX
SCHOOLS.
The status of school work among Indians, exclusive of the five civil-
ized tribes, can best be shown by the following comparative statement:
Items.
1883.
1884.
Increase;
3
6
3
610
] 195
585
Boarding schools on or near reservations
79
83
4
4 407
4 935
528
Children placed in various schools through the country
122
579
457
117
126
9
Total number of day pupils •
5 102
5 022
5 139
6 709
1 570
Of the above, 130 boarding pupils and 892 day pupils are in New
York; the day pupils attend the 29 public schools which the State of
New York provides for her Indian population.
Training schools. — The principal educational advance of the year has
been the starting of the three new training-schools referred to in my
last report, at Genoa, Nebr., Chilocco, Ind. Ter., and Lawrence, Kans.,
opened, respectively, in January, February, and September. The re-
ports of the first two are herewith, on pages 207 and 209. The latter is
only just under way, and has now 125 out of the 340 pupils which it will
accommodate. The Chilocco and Genoa schools have made a good
record with their 319 pupils. They have the advantage of both Car-
lisle and Forest Grove in possessing sufficient land, and are giving
special attention to stock-raising and farming. The Chilocco boys have
a herd of 425 cattle, and the Genoa boys have cultivated faithfully 202
acres and raised 6,000 bushels of corn, 2,000 bushels of oats, and 1,200
bushels of vegetables. The nearness of the schools to Indian reserva-
tions greatly reduces cost of transportation, but at the same time it
suggests to the pupils a prompt remedy for homesickness and restive-
ness under restraint. Both schools have been annoyed by runaways,
but it is hoped that serious embarrassment from this quarter need not
be anticipated. Several of the employes of these schools are Carlisle
and Hampton graduates. If Congress had not modified its appropria-
tion and removed the restriction which limited the amount to be ex-
pended in support of these schools to $200 per pupil, including traveling
expenses, they could not have been carried on. To require that the
first expense of an industrial school shall not exceed the lowest sum at
which it has been found possible to continue a school already estab-
lished is unjust and unreasonable. For the current fiscal year only $175
per pupil (exclusive of traveling expenses) is appropriated, and I am at
a loss to see how the schools can complete their first full year on this
allowance.
The other three training schools, at Carlisle, Forest Grove, and Hamp-
ton, have had an uneventful, useful year, with 578, 166, and 132 pupils,
respectively, and a combined average attendance of 693. The detailed
XX REPORT OP THE COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
reports of the schools herewith, 011 pages 186, 202, and 189, are full of in-
terest, and show clearly the painstaking thoroughness with which the
pupils are being trained in the various trades and household industries,
and the zeal and faithfulness with which those engaged in it are devoting
themselves to this work. Of the special work which is undertaken at
Carlisle called "planting out," the superintendent says:
I placed out on farms and ill families during the year, for longer or shorter periods,
44 girls and 173 boys, and have arranged for keeping out about 110 the ensuing win-
ter to attend the public schools where they are located, or to receive private instruc-
tion in the families. This is by far the most important feature of our work.
Eighty-four are reported as excellent workers, 83 as good, 41 as fair, and 9 as lazy.
I established a regulation that all who went out from the school should do so entirely
at the expense of their patrons, and should receive pay according to their ability.
The results have been most satisfactory. The absence from the school has been in
nearly every case a clear saving to the Government of their support during such pe-
riod of absence, and many of the boys and girls, besides supplying themselves with
clothing, have earned and saved considerable sums of money, which I find has a most
excellent influence.
An Indian boy who has earned and saved $25 or $5G is in every way more inanly
and more to be relied upon than one who has nothing; whereas had he received the
same sum as a gratuity the reverse would be the case.
Two years of school training and discipline are necessary to fit a new pupil for this
outing. The rapid progress in English speaking, the skill in hand and head work,
the independence in thought and action pupils so placed gain, all prove that this
method of preparing and dispersing Indian youth is an invaluable means of giving
them the courage and capacity for civilized self-support. An Indian boy placed in a
family and remote from his home (and it is better distant from the school), surrounded
on all sides by hardworking, industrious people, feels at once a stronger desire to do
something for himself than he can be rnnde to feel under any collective system, or in
the best Indian training- school that can be established. His self-respect asserts
itself; he goes to work, behaves himself, and tries in every way to compete with
those about him.
Congress having made its annual failure to appropriate funds with
which to purchase a farm for this school, Captain Pratt has solicited
funds therefor from private parties, and a $20,000 tract, covering 157
acres, has been purchased, on which $13,000 has been paid. Another
tract of equal size is still needed.
The Forest Grove school has kept its buildings full and this year is
crowding in fifty more children in anticipation of being relieved by new
buildings, for which Congress appropriated $20,000. The erection of
buildings is delayed pending the settlement of the permanent location
of the school.
The superintendent of the Hampton school complains justly of the
cutting down of the rate of compensation hitherto allowed that institu-
tion from $167 per pupil to $158.33, and of a new exaction that he shall
pay such part of the transportation of the pupils to and from the school
as exceeds a specified sum, which is one-half the amount asked for that
purpose. Congress has been accustomed to ask private schools to do
work which is worth over $200 per pupil for $167, but it has never be-
fore reduced the amount below that sum. Considering the superior
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS. XXI
training and advantages which Hampton offers, and the large private
donations which she has secured for the furtherance of Indian educa-
tion, I cannot consider this discrimination against her as anything but
a blunder, and one too serious to be allowed to go uncorrected.
General Armstrong says : „
The reduction is arbitrary and uncalled for. It will not seriously hinder the work,
for friends will take it up, but it is humiliating to appeal to private charity to make
good this small economy of Congress. Hampton school has repeatedly asked for
$175, on the ground of fair treatment and the quality of the work done. This reduc-
tion cannot be due to ignorance, but to carelessness or to personal ill-will to the work
in which I and my associates are engaged for the Indian race. In behalf of some of
the constituents of the very legislators who did this injustice, to whom I have applied
to make Up this reduction, I protest against the cutting down of the per capita allow-
ance to Hampton school.
Pupils in various schools in States. — Similar to training-school work is
the education of pupils in various schools throughout the country, which
is assuming noteworthy proportions. Beginning two years ago with
provision for 100 pupils, the appropriations have so increased that
during the last fiscal year 565 Indian youths were placed in 20 schools
located in eleven States, from North Carolina to California. In these
schools farming, trades, and household industries are taught, and solic-
itous care taken of the mental, moral, and physical well-being of the
pupils. As stated in my last report, the compensation allowed by the
law for such admirable work is only $167 per pupil per annum. The
running expenses of such schools, in addition to the first cost of the
outfit in buildings, machinery, tools, &c., is, of course, much greater,
The effect has necessarily been to enlist private benevolence and effort
quite extensively in this work. Thus Government funds have been
supplemented, and new forces have been brought to bear on the uplift-
ing of the Indian. The interest which thus manifests itself in, but can-
not be measured by, money donations is sincere, energetic, and practical.
A few other pupils have been sent away to school, who have been sup-
ported by tribal funds. Seven years ago hardly an Indian child was
receiving any other education than that which could be afforded by a
reservation school. During last year 1,774 were in the training and
other schools above described, and during the coming year the number
will undoubtedly reach 2,200. The Albuquerque school might very
properly be added to this list, and would raise the number to 2,400.
This method of Indian education continued systematically cannot fail
to become a powerful factor in Indian civilization.
Reservation schools. — This special training of Indian youths away from
their homes does not, however, remove, but rather increases, the need
for more vigorous school work on reservations. The mass of the In-
dians are there, and during this school generation at least will remain
there. Whether ten years from now the same sort of work will be
needed depends largely on the schooling given the present generation
XXII REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
of children. If the 2,000 youths of the Fort Peck and Blackfeet Agen-
cies continue to be restricted as now to boarding-school accommoda-
tions for only 80 pupils, no marked intellectual development need be
looked for, and the few children who may be sent away to school from
those tribes, will find on their return that the current of ignorance and
heathenism setting against them is too strong for their unaided resist-
ance. The (statistics of the last year, while far from satisfactory, show
progress both in the quantity and quality of school work done on or
near reservations.
Boarding schools have been established for the first time among the
Yumas, Mescalero Apaches, Pine Eidge Sioux, and the Indians at Fort
Berth old. One additional school each has been given the Indians of
the Cheyenne and ArapahO, and Warm Springs Agencies, and a new
school for the Sioux has been opened at Yankton, Dak. The Yuma,
Fort Berthold, and Cheyenne and Arapaho schools are occupying
vacated military posts, transferred to the Department for this purpose,
Two small boarding schools have closed, and the Eound Valley board-
ing school must be discontinued until the buildings burned during the
year can be replaced. A gain of 627 boarding pupils in the various
schools is encouraging. Industrial work, especially in trades, still
needs more attention. Nineteen of the schools teach carpentering
nine blacksmithiug, five shoemakiug, and three harness-making. Farm-
ing and household industries are added as a matter of course. The
schools have cultivated 1,761 acres, and the crops raised consist of
3,730 bushels wheat, 8,280 bushels oats, 14,723 bushels corn, and 26,348
bushels vegetables. They have also made 1,798 tons of hay, and 5,024
pounds of butter.
Of these boarding schools 23, with 1,011 pupils, are supervised and
largely assisted in their support by religious societies. The cost of
reservation boarding schools to the Government averages $150 per
annum per pupil. This can hardly be considered an extravagant sum
to pay for both the support and education of an Indian child, especially
when, as in the Sioux tribe, the child's support is guaranteed by treaty.
The number of boarding pupils who could be accommodated has been
789 greater than the previous year.
But slight advance has been made in day-school work; although 17
new schools have been opened, others have been discontinued, and 3 have
become boarding schools, so that the entire number for the year is only
128, a net gain of 11. Of these, 30 are New York public schools, and 46,
with 2,173 pupils, are supported wholly or nearly so by religious societies-
The value of day schools among Indian's is proven, and for 60,000 In-
dians their establishment is virtually required by treaty stipulations-
The six district schools, among the Pine Kidge Sioux, will be increased
to eleven if suitable teachers can be secured. It is no easy matter to
find a trustworthy person, having ability as a teacher, who is willing to
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS. XXIII
leave home and friends and settle down in more or less uncomfortable
quarters among a heathen people, and for a small salary devote time
and energy, not only to teaching children a new language, but also to
inspiring and directing the awkward attempts toward civilization of the
the en tire Indian village in which the school is located. The allurement of
a Government salary of $40 or $50 per month will not attract to such work
those who are suited to it, unless they possess a genuine love for humanity
and a desire to labor personally for its elevation. Many such teachers,
especially in the mission day schools, are managing Indian schools at
isolated points, and by toil, hardship, and self-denial have become the
powerful, though often unrecognized lever which is raising to a higher
plane the surrounding Indian community.
The 7,000 Eosebud Sioux have nearly lost faith in the Government
promise of a boarding school. The pledge cannot be redeemed until
Congress gives funds to cover the expense of relocating and removing
the Rosebud Agency, and mean time district day schools are being
established as rapidly and systematically as practicable.
During the past year the total accommodations for boarding pupils
both on and off reservations, in Government buildings, was 5,461, for day
pupils 3,181, making a total of 8,642, or a little over one-sixth of the
entire Indian school population. New York provides for 1,286 day
pupils, and religious societies furnish accommodations for 1,020 board-
ing and 1,346 day pupils, and thus the number of pupils who last year
had no possibility of schooling was reduced to about three-fourths the
whole number. In looking at the educational gain made during the last
few years, the proportions of the work undone should not be lost sight
of, and appropriations must largely increase before this large unschooled
remainder can be cared for.
Some progress is being made toward compulsory education. It has
been successfully tried at four agencies, the compulsion at two taking
the form of withholding rations, and at the others of withholding an-
nuity payments. As soon as a sufficient number of school buildings
are erected in the various agencies for the Sioux, the system can be en-
forced through that entire tribe under the terms of their treaty.
Buildings. — The embarrassment under which the office has labored
for several years — insufficient school buildings — is becoming chronic.
If reports gave the number of boarding pupils for which existing
buildings furnish suitable accommodation, instead of the number which
such buildings are compelled to accommodate, a much smnller showing
would be made. Inspectors condemn the crowded, stifling dormito-
ries which they find, and agents on the other hand deplore the turning
away from school of those who ask for admittance, and they decide
to crowd the children temporarily, in the hope that the new building
or addition for which they have entreated will soon be allowed. Too
often the year goes by without relief and tne whole management,
even the morale of the school, suffers, sometimes seriously. Build-
XXIV REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
ings erected to meet the needs of ten years ago must still be made to
suffice, and others too dilapidated and worthless to be repaired must
still shelter children who therein are expected to become accustomed to
the decencies and comforts of civilization, and to acquire habits of thrift
and enterprise.
Since only $25,000 was appropriated this last year for erection
and repair of school-buildings, no extensive work has, of course,
been done. The Shoshoue, Menomonee, Sissetou, and Siletz buildings,
which were commenced in the previous year, have been completed and
occupied ; also the three new training-school buildings at Lawrence,
Ohilocco, and Genoa : and a building begun some years since at White
Earth, Minn. The flourishing Albuquerque school has moved into
new quarters after three years of waiting in rented buildings, supple-
mented by temporary make-shift additions, put up one after the other
as thefpupils crowded in. This building was intended for 158 pupils,
and the superintendent of the school is asking for the immediate erec-
tion of another building to house the 50 additional pupils who will ask
for admittance this fall, and the 100 others who can easily be obtained.
The $40,000 appropriated this year for buildings will be needed for the
Crow, DeviPs Lake, Wichita, Quinaielt, and Fort Peck buildings, and
repairs and additions at other points, and Albuquerque must wait
another year, as must also nine other places where there are either no
buildings at all or else buildings which need immediate enlargement.
There is no obstacle to progress in Indian education with which this
office has had to contend so great as the want of money to furnish suita-
ble and even decent school buildings. As stated above, if all the Indian
day and boarding school buildings, belonging to Government or other
parties, had been filled, only one-fourth of the Indian school population
would have been provided for. The suffering at Fort Peck and Black-
feet agencies might have been made a golden educational opportunity
for those tribes. Hungry children would need little urging to become
inmates of boarding schools with well-spread tables. There has been
money on hand to buy food for pupils, but none to put up shelters for
them, and ignorance and wretchedness must continue unmodified and
unrelieved.
To add to its other embarrassments, Congress has still further restricted
the office by providing that during this year no Indian boarding-school
building shall cost, including furnishing, over $10,000'. The Chilocco
buildings, for 150 pupils, cost, exclusive of furnishing1, and in a location
where materials are easily accessible, over $20,000, or over $125 per pupil.
A smaller building would somewhat increase the rate per pupil. Three
evils are therefore left open to choice: (1) To limit the number of pupils
to less than 75; (2) to put up a shabby structure, uncomfortable and in-
convenient, and which will require extensive repairing and remodeling
in the near future, and yet will never be what it should be; or (3) to erect
one small building one y#ar and attach another to it during the succeed-
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS. XXV
ng season at some extra cost for changes thereby necessitated. Either
method pursued in private business would be considered inexcusably
shiftless.
CASH PAYMENTS TO INDIANS.
During the past year the cash payments per capita to Indians, be-
ing yearly installments of specific amounts and of interest on the in-
debtedness of the Government to them under treaty stipulations/ &c.,
amounted in round numbers to $443,000. A great part of such pay-
ments are distributed in small sums semi-annually, each member of a
tribe receiving an equal share, so that the whole number of men,
women, and children who directly enjoy the benefits of these payments
is very large.
All appear to be satisfied that justice has been done to them except
the Sacs and Foxes of the Mississippi, who are jointly interested in
certain treaties with the Government, but who are divided into two
bands, one residing in the Indian Territory and the other in Iowa.
The latter band has been dissatisfied for some time back with the re-
spective numbers held by the Government as comprising each band,
and upon which numbers is based the division made yearly of their
joint treaty funds. This cause of complaint, however, is now in pro-
cess of removal by steps which are being taken in pursuance of recent
legislation, the result of a petition of the chiefs and headmen and the
recommendation of the Department, whereby a new and correct cen-
sus of all the original Sacs and Foxes and their descendants at both
places will be taken, and an even per capita share of future payments
will be made to each person found entitled without regard to their place
of residence.
Notwithstanding the fact that the completion of the census of the
Winnebagoes in Wisconsin required by the act of January 18, 1881,
was in charge of a thoroughly competent agent, the work was delayed
owing to the difficulties in the way of obtaining the necessary data in
reference to them on account of their unsettled habits and homeless
condition, and because many of them refused for a long time to give
their own names or the names of the members of their families for en-
rollment, and because it was also found difficult to prevail on many of
them to comply with the requirements of the act by taking up home-
steads or by declaring their intention to do so as soon as they should
receive the money. Therefore it was not until the 20th of October last
that the list could be sent to the Department for approval, and steps
taken toward applying to the Indians the benefits provided for them by
the act. On the 7th of the following November, an installment of one-
fifth of the total amount applicable was placed to the credit of a dis-
bursing agent, to be paid to them as the act provided, and those only
were allowed to draw who had complied with all its requirements. The
wisdom of paying this money in installments, as suggested in my report
XXVI REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
for 1883, only became more apparent by increased familiarity with the
habits and condition of these Indians. Their mere expressed intention
to use the money to enter any land they might select or to improve it
could not be relied upon as being bonafide; but the hope of further
payments induced them to make good use of the first, and as it was
found that, with few exceptions, the money given them was properly
used, another payment of a second one-fifth was made during Febru-
ary, 1884.
As the wording of the act is not plain as to how its benefits were to
be applied, it was believed that the remaining three-fifths of the
money in question could be expended to their greatest advantage in
the purchase of building material, stock, farming utensils, &c., as thus
being more certain to permanently aid them towards independence and
civilization. But this course on trial was not found practicable, for
various reasons, the principal of which was the decided objection of a
great majority of the Indians, and the positive refusal of others, to so
receive it or to make known their wants, many claiming that they had
contracted debts on the strength of their promises to pay from this
source, which they felt bound by honor and interest to pay; so that no
intelligent estimate for the necessary purchases could be arrived at,
nor could the supplies have been properly distributed without the
hearty co operation of the Indians. I was therefore reluctantly com-
pelled to abandon this plan, and since the expiration of the fiscal year
a full share in the final three-fifths has been paid in cash to all who
presented themselves, properly qualified, as required by the act.
Under what this office has reason to believe to be the evil advice and
persuasion of some designing person, who, in connivance with one of the
chiefs of the Wiunebagoes, wishes to handle their money as attorney
(a service entirely unnecessary), a party of these Indians known as Big
Hawk's baud, and numbering about 95, although duly enrolled and
given repeated and timely notice of all the payments, have persistently
refused to present themselves to the disbursing agent, properly quali-
fied, as required by the act, for their shares in the appropriation. As
the date and place of proposed payment was in every case brought
to the notice of all, and every opportunity afforded and much extra
effort made and expense incurred in the endeavor to have all avail them-
selves of the benefits of the act, those who have refused or willfully neg-
lected to so avail themselves are without excuse to claim a further
delay of final action under the act, and have no right to put the whole
tribe to the further expense which would be incurred by making a
special payment to them whenever they may feel disposed to comply
with the law and receive it. I would therefore recommend that the
shares of all whom it can be shown willfully neglected or refused to
comply with the requirements of the act and to receive said shares,
after having had due notice of the dates and places of payment, and
ample time and opportunity to make good their claims, be returned to
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS. XXVII
the general funds of tiie tribe in the United States Treasury, for the
benefit of all.
The Department, in approving the census of these Indians taken as
required by the act of January 18, 1881, and before any payment was
made, authorized the agent, as the work of locating homesteads and
making payments progressed, to add to said census list the names of
any Winnebagoes who might present themselves properly entitled, as
residents of Wisconsin, to enrollment but who had been overlooked in
making up the original list, such new enrollments to be sustained with
sworn proof of the right of the person to enrollment. The agent was
also empowered to strike from said census list the name of any whom
he might discover, on further investigation, were not entitled to enroll-
ment, submitting proof to sustain his action in such cases also. Under
these" circumstances a complete and correct census of all, it is believed,
has been obtained, and also of the Winnebagoes residing in Nebraska,
and steps will now be taken to carry out the third and fourth sections
of the act before referred to, and an equitable adjustment will be made
of the amount due to the Wisconsin Winnebagoes from those residing
in Nebraska, and future annuity payments will be made to both branches
of the tribe accordingly.
The permanent annuity of $1,100 to the Miamis of Eel Eiver and $400
to the Pottawatomies of Huron is so small as hardly to warrant the
expense connected with making annual payments, and the amounts
received by each of the Indians in this way are not sufficient to do
them any particular good. I would therefore recommend that an offer
be made to these Indians of a sum to be paid each tribe at once in lieu
of their annuities.
In making annuity payments two questions often arise which, when
not provided for by treaty or special legislation, are difficult to determine
by this office with assurance of being right and of having acted for the
best interests of the Indians. The first is what degree of white blood
should debar a person from sharing in Indian annuities; and the sec-
ond is whether Indian tribes can drop persons from their rolls whom
they have once adopted in good faith and in accordance with the rules
of the tribe. It would be well if these questions were definitely and
finally settled by legislative action, if possible. I think it would be for
the benefit of all to exclude persons of less than one half Indian blood,
and to retain all who are regularly adopted, if Indians, and to add the
children of such, but to discourage or prohibit any further adoptions
by Indian tribes, especially of whites.
I may be pardoned for repeating my former reference to the difficul-
ties this Department labors under because agents are prohibited by
section 3651 of the Eevised Statutes from paying some banking institu-
tion nearer to the agency than the authorized United States depository,
where the funds may be placed to their credit, a reasonable rate of ex-
change on the agent's official draft for funds to make annuity payments.
XXVIII REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
This is sometimes absolutely necessary, and it is a hardship to the
agent to compel him to bear a loss that he cannot in some instances
avoid.
I again have the gratification, in reporting on the work of a past
year, of being able to point to the fact that, notwithstanding the amount
of money handled in making these payments, and the number of agents
through whose hands it passed, every cent has been faithfully accounted
for.
RAILROAD OPERATIONS IN CONNECTION WITH INDIAN RESERVATIONS.
Under this heading the following operations during the past year
may be noted :
Bad River Reserve, Wisconsin (Milwaukee, Lake Shore and Western
Railway). — Under date of June 26 last authority was granted by the
Department for a preliminary survey upon the Bad Eiver Eeserve,
auxiliary to an extension of their railway from a point on the Montreal
Eiver between the States of Wisconsin and Michigan to Ashland, Wis.
The survey was commenced and the line partially located through the
reserve, but owing to the peculiar character of the country, which pre-
sents many engineering difficulties, the survey has not yet been com-
pleted. In the mean time the railway company, being desirous of tak-
ing advantage of the season in order to a speedy construction of the
road to the Montreal Eiver, applied to the Department for permission
to proceed with the work of construction upon the reservation, offering
to indemnify the Indians in respect of the compensation to be ultimately
determined upon for right of way and damages to private property.
On the 25th August last the necessary authority was granted by the
Department, subject to the consent of the Indians and to the filing of
a bond by the company in the sum of $20,000, conditioned to meet the
requirements of the case. The treaty with the Chippewa Indians (the
LaPointe band of which occupies the Bad Eiver Eeserve) of November
30, 1854 (10 Stat. at Large, 1109) provides for a right of way to rail-
roads through the reserve upon payment of compensation to the In-
dians, who, it may be added, are desirous to have the road built. The
requisite bond has since been given, and the agent has been directed
to allow the work to proceed if the Indians do not object.
DeviVs LaJce Reserve, Dakota (Jamestown and Northern Railroad,
N. P. R. R). — After an investigation by the General Land Office,
as alluded to in my last annual report, the Department decided not
to disturb the western boundary line of this reservation. On the
6th of August, 1883, the agent at Devil's Lake Agency transmitted
the result of the proceedings of a council of the Indians, thereto-
fore authorized to be convened for the purpose of considering the
question of compensation to be paid to them by the railway company
for right of way, &c. The proposition of the Indians was that the
company should pay ten dollars per acre for the land required, and also
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS XXIX
erect a station and a suitable building for the storage of Government
property at a point on the railroad to be designated by the Indian
agent, and that no other buildings or persons, except such station and
warehouse and the necessary employes, should be located or be permit-
ted to reside within the reservation. This proposition was accepted by a
resolution of the board of directors of the railway company October 5,
1883, and by a subsequent resolution, dated December 4, 1883, the pres-
ident of the company was authorized to provide the necessary funds,
amounting to the sum of $1,845, and in behalf of the company to pay
the same into the Department, or otherwise to dispose of the same for
the benefit of the Indians as should be deemed advisable by the De-
partment. On the 8th December, 1883, the company filed in the De-
partment a map of definite location of the road through the reservation,
a distance of seventeen miles, also a plat of station grounds required,
the whole containing an aggregate of 184.5 acres, as verified by the
company's surveyor. The location of the station grounds was duly
approved by the Indian agent. On the 1st March last the president of
the railroad company notified this office that the company had made
provision for the amount of compensation money required by the In-
dians, and in other respects stood ready to carry out their undertaking.
In the in^an time, a doubt having arisen in my mind whether or not
the peculiar wording of the clause relating to railroads in the treaty
with the Sisseton and Wahpeton Indians operated of itself to grant a
general right of way for railroads without further legislation by Con-
gress, I submitted the question for Department adjudication on the
30th April last. On the 2d May the papers were returned to this office,
with instructions to prepare and submit a full history of the case, with
all the papers bearing on the subject and recommendations, for trans-
mission to Congress. The session was, however, at that time, so far
advanced, and the chances of procuring action by Congress in the mat-
ter so remote, that it was deemed advisable to postpone sending up
the papers until the coming session. They will be submitted to the
Department in due season.
Flathead (Jocko) Reserve, Montana, (Northern Pacific Railroad). — The
agreement of September 2, 1882, between the Indians occupying this
reserve and the United States, whereby their title was extinguished to
certain lands of the reservation required for the purposes of the Northern
Pacific Eailroad, the full particulars whereof were given in my last
annual report, was ratified by Congress at its last session in the Indian
appropriation act approved July 4, 1884, with the proviso that —
Nothing herein contained shall be construed as in any wise affecting the relation
between the Government and said railroad company, growing out of the grant of
land made to said company, beyond the right of way provided for in said agreement.
By the same act Congress appropriated the sum of $16,000 (which
had previously been paid into the Treasury by the Northern Pacific
XXX REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
Eailroad Company) for payment to the Indians in accordance with the
terms of said agreement.
Fort Hall Reserve, Idaho ( Utah and Northern Railroad}. — On the 12th of
June last the attorneys for this railroad company filed in the Depart-
ment for approval a map of definite location of the road, also eight
plats of station grounds at various points on the reservation. Upon
examination of said map they were found to beentirely unauthenticated.
They were, therefore, returned to the Department, with a recommenda-
tion that they should be presented in proper shape to entitle them to
consideration.
The attention of the Department was also called to the fact that
notwithstanding the road had been constructed and operated through
the reservation for several years, it did not appear that the Indians
had ever been compensated for the loss of their lands taken for right
of way and station grounds — aggregating over 2,000 acres— -and it was
suggested that inasmuch as there were no treaty provisions authorizing
the building of railroads through the reservation, legislation by Con-
gress would be necessary to confirm the title of the company to the
lands taken, which they claimed to have obtained under special acts
of Congress of March 3, 1873 (17 Stats, at Large, 612), and June 20,
1878 (20 Stats, at Large, 241), but which manifestly related only to
right of way through the public lands of the United States. Under
Department instructions of September 24 last, a full statement of the
matter will be prepared and submitted for presentation to Congress at
the ensuing session for its determination as to whether or not it is the
intention of the acts above mentioned to grant a right of way through
an Indian reservation without compensation to the Indians located
thereon, and for such action as that body may deem advisable.
Indian Territory (Atlantic and Pacific Railroad). — In conformity with
the views expressed by your immediate predecessor in office, March 31,
1882, that the branch road provided for by the act of Congress of July
27, 1866, should not be allowed to cross the country of the Creeks and
Cherokees, but should have its line, so far as those countries are con-
cerned, south of the Canadian and Arkansas Eivers, the Atlantic and
Pacific Eailroad Company, in November last, filed in the Department
an amended map of definite location of such branch road, according to
which the line thereof eastward from the eastern boundary of the Semi-
nole country to Fort Smith, as now surveyed and located, passes south
of the Canadian and Arkansas Eivers, and through lands of the Chick-
asaw and Choctaw Nations respectively, thus correcting the error there-
tofore made by the company in locating its line north of the Canadian,
and bringing the road strictly within the interpretation placed by the
Department in 1870 upon the several treaties and acts of Congress of
1866, providing for an east and west and a north and south railroad
through the Indian Territory. The amended map was accepted by
Department November 28, 1883.
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS. XXXI
Indian Territory (Gulf, Colorado and Santa Fe Railway — Southern-
Kansas Railway}. — At the last session of Congress two acts were passed
granting to the above-mentioned railroads, respectively, a right of way
through the Indian Territory, and for other purposes. The legal right
to thus legislate was based upon the principle of eminent domain in
the Federal Government over the Indian Territory (see House reports-
Nos. 110, 1451, 48th Cong., first session). Both acts received Presiden-
tial approval July 4, 1884. The first mentioned of these acts empowers
the Gulf, Colorado and Santa Fe Kail way Company, a corporation of
the State of Texas, to build and operate a railway, telegraph and tele-
phone line through the Indian Territory —
Beginning at a point to be selected by said railway company on Red River north of"
the northern boundary of Cook County, in the State of Texas, and running thence
by the most practicable route through the Indian Territory to a point on the southern,
boundary of the State of Kansas, the line to be located in sections of twenty-five
miles each, and before work is begun on any section the line thereof is to be approved
by the Secretary of the Interior, with the right to construct, use, and maintain such
tracks, turnouts, sidings, and extensions as said company may deem it to their inter-
est to construct along and upon the right of way and depot grounds hereby granted.
For these purposes the act grants to said railway company a right of
way 100 feet wide through the Indian Territory, and a strip of land
200 feet wide by 3,000 feet long, in addition to the right of way, for
such stations as may be established, not to exceed one station for every
10 miles of road. According to the general route mentioned in the actr
this line will probably run through the Chickasaw country, the so-called
Oklahoma lands, and the Cherokee outlet lands.
The other of these acts invests the Southern Kansas Railway Com-
pany, a corporation of the State of Kansas, with like powers and au-
thorities and with similar limitations as to the quantity of land in the
construction and operation of a railway and telegraph and telephone
line through the Indian Territory —
Beginning at a point on the northern line of said Territory, where an extension of
the Southern Kansas Railway from Winfield in a southerly direction would strike
said line, running thence south in the direction of Denison, in the State of Texas, on
the most practicable route to a point at or near where the Washita River empties
into the Red River, with a branch constructed from a point at or near where Medi-
cine Lodge Creek crosses the northern line of said Territory, and from that point in
a southwesterly direction, crossing Beaver Creek at or near Camp Supply and reach-
ing the west line of said Indian Territory at or near where Wolf Creek crosses the
same, with the right to construct, use, and maintain such tracks, turnouts, and sidings
as said company may deem it to their interest to construct along and upon the right
of way and depot grounds hereby granted.
The main line of this road will probably run through the Cherokee
outlet land west of the Arkansas Eiver ; the lands upon which the
Poncas, Otoes and Missourias, lowas, Kickapoos, and Pottawatomies-
are settled ; a portion of the so-called Oklahoma lands, and the Chick-
asaw country. The branch line will traverse the Cherokee outlet lands-
for its entire length as laid down in the act.
XXXII REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
Provisions are made in both acts for the ascertainment and payment
to the Indians of compensation for property taken from and damages
done to them. Where the company and the respective tribes, or the
company and individual occupants of the land fail to agree, a board of
appraisers is constituted to determine the amount of compensation, and
if a tribe be dissatisfied with the award of the appraisers, such tribe or
occupant has substantially the same resort to the courts of the country
that is allowed to the citizens of a State, whose property, under like
circumstances, is appropriated for public use. The railway companies
are prohibited from selling or leasing any of the lands granted, and
their acceptance of the right of way is made subject to the express
condition that they will neither aid, advise, or assist in any eifort look-
ing toward the changing or extinguishing the present tenure of the
Indians in their lands, nor attempt to secure from the Indian nations
any further grant of land, or its occupancy, than therein provided.
There are many other provisions, for the details of which I refer to the
acts themselves.
The necessity and policy of permitting the construction of additional
railroads through the Indian Territory is stated in the reports of the
House Committee before referred to. Congress is presumed to know
what is best for the interests of the country generally, and it is the
duty of this Office to aid in the execution of the law as it finds it; but,
in closing this subject, I may be permitted to remark that the action of
Congress in regard to these railroads practically overturns the theory
of construction placed by this Department in 1870 upon the intent and
meaning of the several acts of Congress and treaties of 1866, viz, that
there should be but one east and west and but one north and south
road through the Indian Territory, and that any additional roads, with-
out the consent of the Indians, would be a violation of treaty provis-
ions with the Indians, which has ever since governed this Office in its
action upon the general subject. In connection with these acts, I may
call attention to the fact that on the 10th July last the Cherokee dele-
gates filed in the Department a written communication on behalf of
the Cherokee Nation, protesting, for reasons therein assigned, against
any action by the Department looking to the acceptance of any claim
by said railway companies or either of them under said acts of Congress,
respectively, for or in respect of any portion of the right of way thereby
granted, or any other right under said acts to any portion of the Cher-
okee domain or country, until action can be had by the Cherokee
National Council at its approaching session in November next. The
Cherokee Nation insists that its property cannot be taken and given to
a private corporation of any State by Congress, and that the courts of
the country will not sustain such a seizure or violation of the contract
made by the United States in its treaties with the Cherokee Nation.
Indian Territory — Saint Louis and San Francisco Railroad. — In com-
pliance with section 10 of the act of Congress of August 2, 1882, u An
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS. XXXIII
act to grant a right of way for a railroad and telegraph line through
the lands of the Choctaw and Chickasaw Nations of Indians to the Saint
Louis and San Francisco Bail way Company, and for other purposes "
(22 Stats, at Large, 181), the Saint Louis and San Francisco Eailroad
Company filed a map of definite location of its road through the lands
of the Choctaw and Chickasaw Nations in this Department on the 22d
September, 1883.
Nez Perce Reserve (Idaho, Clear Water and Montana Transportation
Company). — In my Annual Keport for 1882 I referred to the hostility
manifested by the Nez Perce Indians to the building of railroads
through their reservation. The Indians, however, having indicated a
desire of reconsidering their action, a council was held by the agent in
the month of April, 1883, but with the same result, the application of
the railroad company for permission to make a preliminary survey be-
ing again defeated. There appearing, however, to be a division of
opinion, and that the adverse majority were dominated by a clique un-
der the leadership of James Lawyer, a would-be head chief of the Nez
Perces, the question was submitted to the Department whether, under
the treaty provisions with the Nez Perces, authorizing the construction
of roads through the reservation under authority of the United States,
the preliminary survey asked for by the company should be permitted,
or the company referred to Congress for legislative action on its behalf.
Under date of October 5, 1883, the Department decided that, considering
the attitude of the Indians, the railway company should be referred to
Congress for such legislation on the subject as might be deemed neces-
sary, and the agent for the Indians was so informed.
Sioux Reserve, Dakota (Chicago, Milwaukee and Saint Paul Rail-
way).— The Department having decided that the location of the three
wagon roads upon this reserve under military authority* had ex-
hausted the rights reserved under the agreement made by the United
States with the Sioux Indians September 26, 1876, ratified by act of
Congress approved February 28, 1877 (19 Statutes at Large, 255), and
that upon general principles, " in all cases where right of way for rail-
roads through Indian reservations is not provided for by treaties or
agreements by the United States with the Indians, Congressional action
is necessary to ratify agreements by railway companies with the In-
dians for such right of way, &c."; and having also directed that the
necessary papers be prepared for submitting the agreements made by
the Chicago, Milwaukee and Saint Paul Railway Company with the
Sioux Indians, referred to in previous Annual Reports of this Office, to
Congress at its next session for action, I had the honor, on the 26th
November, 1883, to submit to the Department a full history of the case,
together with copies of all material papers in connection therewith,
with a draft of a bill to accept and ratify said agreements as made,
* General Orders No. 3, Headquarters Military Division of the Missouri, April 5
1877.
4266 IND III
XXXIV REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
for transmission to Congress for its consideration and action. On the
4th December, 1883, the papers were submitted by the Department
with suitable recommendations to the President, and formed the subject
of Executive message to Congress December 17, 1883 (S. Ex. Doc. No.
20, Forty-eighth Congress, first session). On the 10th January, 1884, Mr.
Dawes, from the Senate Committee on Indian Affairs, reported the bill
(S. 1004) as prepared in this Office, which was read a first and second
time and recommitted to the Committee on Indian Affairs. March 24,
1884, Mr. Dawes, from the same committee, reported the bill with
amendments, and on the 22d April following the bill passed the Senate
and was transmitted to the House, which, however, adjourned without
takitig final action upon it.
The House had previously, March 18, 1884, also favorably reported a
bill (H. E. 5420) for similar purposes (House Eeport No. 829, Forty-
eighth Congress, first session).
Sioux Reserve, Dakota (Dakota Central Railway). — In like manner and
with like preliminaries on the part of this office, Mr. Dawes, from the
Senate Committee on Indian Affairs, on the 12th February, 1884, re-
ported a bill (S. 1496) to accept and ratify the agreements made between
the Sioux Indians and the1 Dakota Central Railway Company (H. E.
]px. Doc. No. 11, 48th Congress, first session), which also was read a
first and second time, and recommitted. March 24, 1884, Mr. Dawes,
from the same committee, reported the bill with amendments, and on
the 22d April following the bill passed the Senate and was transmitted
to the House, which, however, adjourned without taking final action
thereon.
The House had previously (March 18, 1884) also favorably reported
a bill (H. E. 5282) for similar purposes (House Eeport 830, Forty-eighth
Congress, first session).
Sisseton Reserve in Dakota (Chicago, Milwaukee and Saint Paul Rail-
way).— The Indians of this reserve having finally declined to sign the
new agreement, mention of which was made in my last annual report,
upon the ground of some misunderstanding as to the terms of the
original contract, and some doubt existing as to whether, under the
peculiar terms of the treaty (15 Statutes at Large, 506), further legis-
lation by Congress would not in any event be necessary, the matter
was submitted to the Department, which, on the 13th December,
1883, decided that in the present attitude of the Indians the whole ques-
tion should be submitted to Congress for such action as that body
might find to be right and proper, and for decision as to the compensa-
tion to be paid by the railroad company for the use of the land taken
for right of way. On the 22d January, 1884, I had the honor to lay
before the Department a full history of the case, with copies of all cor-
respondence relating thereto, which, on the 29fch January, 1884, was
submitted by the Department to the President, and forms the subject
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS XXXV
of executive message to Congress January 31, 1884 (see House Ex.
Doc. No. 71, Forty-eighth Congress, first session).
Subsequently, the agent for the Sisseton Indians having written this
office transmitting a communication from the chiefs and council, and
requesting authority to make certain amendments in the agreement
which he deemed would cover all objections and meet their views, he
was, under instructions from the Department of the 17th July last,
directed to make such amendments, and thus endeavor to bring the
matter to a final settlement if possible, without further delay so far as
the Department is concerned. In anticipation of this termination to a
protracted and vexatious matter, a bill embodying the necessary legis-
lation will be prepared and submitted for transmission to Congress at
the ensuing session.
Umatilla Reserve, Oregon (Oregon Railway and Navigation Company,
Pendleton and Gentreville Branch). — In my last annual report mention
was made of the terms and conditions upon which the Umatilla In-
dians had consented to the construction of the Pendleton and Centre-
ville Branch road through their reservation. The Oregon Railway and
Navigation Company having signified its acceptance thereof, and filed
the requisite bond, the action of the Indians, as embodied in the mem-
orandum agreement of August 17, 1883, with maps of location, sched-
ule of improvements of individual Indians, and bond of the company,
were approved by the Department April 11, 1884. The quantity of land
taken for right of way and station grounds was 152.79 acres, which at
$5 per acre resulted in a sum of $763.95, and the appraisment of indi-
vidual Indian improvements amounted to $464.50, making a total of
$1,228.45, which has been duly paid to the Department by the Oregon
Railway and Navigation Company for the use of the Indians entitled
thereto.
Walker River Reserve (Carson and Colorado Railroad).— At the last
session of Congress, Mr. Dawes, from the Committee on Indian Affairs,
reported a bill (S. 1583), previously prepared in this office, "to accept
and ratify an agreement made by the Pah-Ute Indians, and granting a
right of way to the Carson and Colorado Railroad Company through
the Walker River Reservation in Nevada." The history of this case
will be found in the annual reports of this office for 1882 and 1883; also
in House Ex. Doc. No. 15, Forty-eighth Congress, first session. The
session again closed without Congressional action on the bill.
SANITARY CONDITION OF THE INDIANS.
The reports of the agency physicians show a total of 73,182 cases
treated during the year. Of this number 68,968 recovered, 1,586 died,
and 2,628 were still under treatment on June 30. While the number
treated is less than last year, the death rate shows a considerable in-
crease, which is doubtless owing largely to the unusually severe winter
and the exposure and suffering incident to living in wigwams and poorly
XXXVI REPORT OF THE COMMJSSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
constructed houses. One of the causes of a high rate of mortality is
the disposition on the part of many of the Indians to rely upon their
native medicine men, and to defer applying to the agency physician until
disease has made such inroads upon their strength that it is impossible
to benefit them by the most skillful treatment. The greatest obstacle
with which physicians in the Indian country have to contend is the al-
most universal belief in spirits prevalent among the Indians. They be-
lieve that all diseases are caused by evil spirits, and that the only sure
way to cure a malady is to employ a medicine man who possesses a
spirit more powerful than the one causing the disease. This belief is fos-
tered and encouraged by the native doctors, who, while they frequently
apply to the white physicians for their own ailments, tell their people that
though "the white man's drugs may be good for white man, they are
poison for Indian." In some of the tribes many of the Indians come to the
physician for medicine and then call in their own doctors, believing
that the rattling of gourds and bones, beating of drums, and singing by
the medicine men are valuable aids to the white man's remedies. Could
the belief in sorcery and evil spirits be overcome, a long stride would
be made in the work of civilization. No one has greater opportunities
in this direction than the agency physician, who, in addition to being
skilled in his profession, should be a man with such qualities of head and
heart as to win and retain the confidence of the Indians under his care.
Owing to the great aversion of the Indians to the knife as a remedial
agent, surgical operations are not of frequent occurrence, and deformi-
ties are quite common.
The physicians almost unanimously recommend that suitable hos-
pital buildings be erected at such agencies as now have none. Small
hospitals could be erected at slight expense, and would without doubt
be a great protection to the agency schools, and would tend to prevent
the spread of contagious and infectious diseases, which are often un-
manageable when scattered through a number of different camps on a
large reservation.
COAL ON THE WHITE MOUNTAIN RESERVATION IN ARIZONA.
By the Indian appropriation act of July 4, 1834, the Secretary of the
Interior was authorized to detail a proper person from the employes of
the Geological Survey, and also to appoint a suitable person not then
in the employ of the Government, to examine and report upon the char-
acter, extent, thickness, and depth of the coal veins on the White Mount-
ain Reservation, the value of the coal per ton on the dump, and the best
method to utilize and dispose of the same, and the sum of $2,500 was
Appropriated for that purpose. Under this authority a Commission
composed of Michael Bannon, of Baltimore, Md., and Charles D. Wai-
cott, a paleontologist in the Geological Survey, was sent to Arizona
to make the required examination and report. Full instructions were
given for their guidance, dated August 8, 1884, approved by the De-
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS. XXXVII
partment August 13, 1884. The report of the Commission has not yet
been rendered.
MISSION INDIANS IN CALIFORNIA.
A bill for the relief of these Indians, embodying substantially the
recommendations of Mrs. Helen Jackson, special agent (except that for
the purchase of certain tracts of land), to which reference was made in
my last annual report, was prepared and submitted to Congress, through
the Department, and passed the Senate at its last session, but was not
acted upon in the House of Representatives. Suits in ejectment have
been brought against the Indians living in the San Jacinto Village, by
the owner of the private grant within which it is situated. The Indians
are defended by Messrs. Brunson and Wells, special counsel employed
by the Department of Justice. These cases have not yet come to trial.
It is hoped that the bill referred to will receive favorable consideration
in the House of Representatives during the coming session.
THE YUMAS IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA.
As was stated in my last annual report, a reservation was established
(July 6, 1883) for the Yuma Indians at the confluence of the Colorado
and Gila Rivers, on the Arizona side, where it was intended they should
be gathered and assisted in agricultural pursuits. Subsequent inves-
tigation, however, disclosed the unsuitableness of the tract selected,
and besides the Indians were found to be opposed to removal there.
Accordingly, by Executive order dated January 9, 1884, the reservation
was restored to the public domain, and a new one established on the
California side, in the extreme southwest corner of the State.
By the same order the Fort Yuma Military Reservation was trans-
ferred to the control of this Department, to be used for Indian purposes,
in connection with the Indian reservation ; and, at the request of the
Department, on the recommendation of this office, the military post
buildings have also been transferred by the War Department for Indian
school purposes. A bill was introduced in Congress at the last session
(H. R. 1661) "to provide for the establishment and maintenance of
an Indian school at Yuma, in Yuma County, Arizona, and to make an
appropriation therefor." It is understood to have been favorably re-
ported by the House committee, but no final action was reached. It
appropriates the sum of $9,000 for the purpose. The Yumas are a very
peaceable and industrious people, and ought to receive some assistance
from the Government.
KLAMATH RIVER INDIANS IN CALIFORNIA.
The work of allotting lands in severalty to the Indians of the Kla-
math River Reservation in California, as directed in Department letter
of March 26, 1883, has been suspended for the present, owing to errors
discovered in the public surveys within the reservation, particulars of
XXXVIII REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
which were reported to the Department in office letter of August 16th
last. Bills have been introduced in the present Congress "to restore
the reservation to the public domain" (S. 813 and H. E. 112 and 7505).
Provision is made therein, however, for the allotment of lands in sev-
eralty to the Indians.
THE TURTLE MOUNTAIN BAND OF CHIPPEWAS IN DAKOTA.
Agreeably with the recommendation contained in my last annual re-
port, a permanent reservation has been made for the Turtle Mountain
band of Chippewas in Dakota. At first townships 162 and 163 north,
range 71 west, were selected, but subsequently township 162 north,
range 70 west, was substituted for township 163 north, range 71 west,
so that the reservation as now existing embraces townships 162 north,
ranges 70 and 71 west. (Executive orders dated March 29, 1884, and
June 3, 1884.) These Indians will need some help for a time, and I
shall ask for a small appropriation for that purpose in the estimates
for the next fiscal year.
COMMISSION TO SIOUX OF DAKOTA.
At the date of my last annual report the work of the Sioux Commis-
sion had reached a point briefly, as follows: Congress having failed to
ratify the agreement negotiated by said Commission under the act of
August 7, 1882, presumably for the reason that it was not executed in
literal compliance with the treaty of April 29, 1868, the Commission
were under instructions to continue negotiations with the Indians, pro-
vision for that purpose having been made in the sundry civil appropri-
ation act of March 3, 1883 (Stat. 22, p. 624), but their final report had
not been submitted to the Department. The attempt to procure the
signatures of three-fourths of the male adult Indians, as required,
proved unsuccessful, and the agreement was returned to the Depart-
ment without change. A full history of the proceedings of the Com-
mission and the causes which led to the failure, is set out in their re-
port to the Department dated December 31, 1883. Said report together
with the agreement and all correspondence between the Department
and any official or other individuals concerning said agreements or the
ratification thereof is printed in Senate Ex. Doc. No. 70, Forty-eighth
Congress, first session, in which form it will be found easy of reference.
It having been represented to the Department that the Sisseton
and Wahpeton and the Yaukton bands of Sioux were desirous of dis-
posing of a limited portion of their respective reservations, the Sioux
Commission were instructed, under date of May 10th last, to visit said
reservations and ascertain if such was the case, and if so to negotiate
with them as to the quantity they would cede, the conditions as to the
price, &c. No report has been received from them up to this date, but
the agent for the Sisseton and Wahpeton bands reports that his Indians
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS. XXXIX
%
are unwilling to part with any of their lands, and that the visit of the
Commission was unsuccessful.
A select committee appointed by the Senate to inquire into the con-
dition of the Indians in Dakota and Montana reported a bill (S. 1755)
" to divide a portion of the reservation of the Sioux Nation of Indians
in Dakota into separate reservations, and to secure the relinquishment
of the Indian title to the remainder," which was amended and passed
the Senate April 16, 1884. In the House the bill was referred to the
Committee on Indian Affairs, and reported back with amendments
May 31, 1884, but no further action was had and it remains on the
calendar.
RIGHT OF INDIANS IN THE INDIAN TERRITORY TO TAX CATTLE AND
PROHIBIT THE ENTRY OF INFECTED CATTLE.
The right of the Indians in the Indian Territory to tax cattle driven
through their lands en route to market, and to prohibit the introduc-
tion of foreign cattle at certain seasons of the year, is a subject of con-
stantly recurring trouble to this office. Conflicts are continually aris-
ing between cattle men and the civilized tribes, most if not all of whom
'have prohibitory laws bearing on the subject.
The Senate Committee on Indian Affairs, in a report made June 22,
1874, upon the petition of citizens of the State of Kansas, remonstrat-
ing against the imposition by the Cherokee Nation of a tax of 10 cents
per head upon cattle driven through their Territory from Texas to
northern markets, was of opinion that the spirit if not the letter of the
law fully justified the Indians in the levy of the tax, and that the De-
partment ought to sustain them in its enforcement so long as it did not
exceed the penalty imposed by the law of June 30, 1834 (section 2117,
Ee vised Statutes), for grazing stock on Indian lands, which is $1 per
head.*
The United States court in the western district of Arkansas (Judge
I. C. Parker), however, takes a different view of the subject, and holds
that a tax imposed by the Creek Nation on cattle passing through their
country is a burden laid upon commerce between the States, the regu-
lation of which belongs to Congress alone. This decision, until over-
ruled, is of course binding upon the Department, but I have thought it
proper to call the attention of the Department to the subject, as it is
one which affords the Indians constant cause of complaint, and not
without show of reason, especially as regards infected cattle. As to
these I believe the bordering States, certainly Kansas and Missouri,
have prohibitory laws, which are rigidly enforced. The Indians, espe-
cially the civilized tribes, who have fine herds of cattle, consider that
they should be similarly protected.
* S. Ex. Doc. No. 74, Forty-fifth Congress, second session.
:XL REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
ATTEMPTED SETTLEMENTS IN THE INDIAN TERRITORY.
In previous reports of this office the attention of the Department has
been repeatedly called to the periodical invasions of certain portions of
the Indian Territory by bodies of United States citizens, under the
leadership of D. L. Payne and others, styling themselves " Oklahoma
Colonists." Recommendations have as repeatedly been made for an
amendment of existing laws relating to trespassers on Indian lands,
so as to make such offenses punishable by imprisonment as well as by
fine. Measures looking to that end have been introduced in Congress
but hitherto have invariably failed to receive the concurrent action of
both Houses. During the present year Payne has again twice sought
to obtain a foothold in the Territory 5 the first time in May last, when,
with a party of about fifty, he endeavored to effect a settlement on the
unoccupied lands south of the Cimarron Elver, from whence they were
dislodged by the military, riot without considerable show of resistance j
and later, in the month of June last, when, with largely increased num-
bers, he established himself on the Cherokee lands south of Hunnewell,
Kans., locating settlements at various points therein, designated as
"Rock Falls" on the Chic-*skia River, " Stafford" or " Pearl City" on
the Bois d?Arc, and at other places along the Arkansas River ; the •
headquarters of the colony being at Rock Falls, four miles south of the
Kansas line.
The official report of Colonel Hatch, commanding the district of Ok-
lahoma, dated 6th August last, states that prior to active operations
he visited the principal rendezvous of the intruders, and explained to
the leaders and people present the object of his mission, reading to them
the President's proclamation of July 31 last, and informing them of the
condition of the Indian lauds, and the necessity of the Government
maintaining the status thereof. Most of the intruders of the better
class, and some others, upon reflection, concluded to move at once. The
leaders, Payne, Cooper, Miller, Couch, Eichelburger, and others were
defiant, and refused to move unless compelled by superior force. On the
7th August such of the intruders as remained at Rock Falls, were, with
their private property, removed from the Territory by the military, with
the exception of Payne and some others, old offenders, who were arrested
and turned over to the civil authorities at Fort Smith. The settlement at
" Stafford City," on the Bois d'Arc, was on the arrival of the military there
found to have been recently evacuated. At Chillott Creek, 1 J miles from
the State line, a small party of " boomers " was found encamped, three
of whom were also arrested as old offenders, and turned over to the
United States marshal. The number of persons engaged in this last
movement was variously estimated at from five hundred to two thou-
sand, and it appears from the official reports to the War Department,
that from 6,000 to 10,000 claims had been located and surveyed on the
Cherokee lands, land in the southern part of Kansas having become so
valuable that men of means, owning large farms had sent to the Okla-
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS. XLI
homa Colony organization parties who were locating claims for them.
A subsequent official report of Colonel Hatch, dated the 22d August
last, conveys the information that nearly all the intruders on the
Cherokee Outlet lands were out of the Territory, and that. probably by
the loth September, the removal of all unauthorized settlers and of the
fences erected by cattle men in Oklahoma proper, as directed by the
Secretary of War, would be completed. Kecommending a proper dis-
position of troops for the protection of the Territory from further inva-
sion, Colonel Hatch remarks :
At many points on the Kansas border are camped parties who say they will move
into the Territory as soon as the troops are moved from it. Payne and the men with
him who are engaged in locating claims will continue to agitate the opening of this
Territory in the same manner as before ; not that they really desire to have the country
settled, but that they may obtain money from the ignorant people deluded into the
purchase of claims and town lots, and from the fees paid on joining what they term
the "Oklahoma Colony."
The payments for surveys, claims, town lots, and initiation fees must in the aggre-
gate have already amounted to the neighborhood of $100,000, all of which has been
divided among the leaders. Should the country be opened to settlers there would be
an end to their profits; hence, in my opinion, Payne and his immediate associates do
not waiitet declared open.
There is no possible excuse for these repeated lawless invasions of the
Indian Territory on the ground (as the invaders hold) that the unoccupied
lands thereof are public lands of the United States, and as such open
to settlement. They are not public lauds in any sense as yet, whatever
disposition may be made of them hereafter. By the terms of the treaty
of 1866 with the Cherokees the United States is empowered to settle
friendly Indians in any part of the Cherokee country west of 96°, in
quantity as therein provided, the boundaries of the districts thus settled
to be distinctly marked and the land conveyed in fee-simple to each
of such tribes so settled, to be held in common or in severalty, as
the United States may decide, the lands thus disposed of to be paid*
for to the Cherokee Nation at such price as may be agreed upon
between the parties in interest, subject to the approval of the Presi-
dent; the Cherokee Nation to retain the right of possession and
jurisdiction over all of said country west of 96° until thus sold and
occupied, after which their jurisdiction and right of possession termi-
nates as to each district thus sold and occupied. It may here be
remarked that, in the exercise of this right of possession and juris-
diction, the Cherokees have, by an act of their national council (ap-
proved by the principal chief), leased said unoccupied lands to the
Cherokee Strip Live Stock Association, for grazing purposes, for a term
of five years, at an annual rental payable to the nation, subject, never-
theless, to the treaty rights reserved to the United States to settle
friendly Indians thereon at any time during the continuance of said
lease. There is no general cession of these lands to the United States,
no surrender by the Cherokees of possession or jurisdiction, until such
time as a certain specified purchaser shall have complied with the terms
XLII REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
of the purchase and entered into possession. Until that event happens
the United States is bound by the terms of the treaty to protect the
Cherokees in their possessory rights to the lands in question. So also •
in regard to the other unoccupied lauds of the Indian Territory — nota-
bly the so-called Oklahoma lands — which have from time to time been
ceded to the United States by various Indian nations or tribes. Here,
again, there is no general cession to the United States, but a cession for
express purposes only, which are clearly limited and denned in the
treaties with the nations or tribes from whom the United States acquired
title, viz, for the settlement of other Indians and freedmen thereon. It
is equally the duty of the Government to maintain the status of these
lands intact.
At the first session of the* present Congress a bill (S. 1545) "to amend
section 2148 of the Eevised Statutes of the United States, in relation to
trespassers on Indian lands," passed the Senate, but was not reached in
the House. This bill prohibits any person from entering Indian lands,
tribal reservations, or lands specially set apart for Indian purposes, with
intent to occupy any such lands or reservation, under a penalty for the
first offense of a fine of not more than $500, or imprisonment at hard
labor for not more than one year, or both, in the discretion of the court;
and for every subsequent offense a fine is imposed of not more than
$1,000, with imprisonment at hard labor for not more than t\\o years.
It also provides for confiscation and forfeiture of the wagons, teams, and
outfit of the intruders, by process in the proper United States courts.
It is manifest that without the passage of some stringent law of this
kind intruders can only be kept out by the troops, and should they at
any time be temporarily withdrawn for any purpose the Territory would
be rapidly overrun.
The construction of the Southern Kansas Kailway and the Gulf, Colo-
rado and Santa F6 Eailway, both of which roads were authorized by
the present Congress at its last session to be built through the Indian
Territory, will doubtless bring with it a miscellaneous population, who,
under cover of the railroads, will attempt to settle the country. In a
recent communication, dated September 8 last, I had the honor to draw
the attention of the Department to this contingency, and to recommend
that the War Department be requested to make such timely disposition
of troops in the Territory as may avert the threatened evil. It is to be
hoped that Congress will not fail to recognize the importance of the
preservation of peace, and the obligation of the Government to protect
the Indians in the Indian Territory in the quiet enjoyment of their right
of person and property, by the early passage at the coining session of
the bill referred to, or some equally comprehensive and efficient measure.
Information reached this office in May last of an attempt by citi-
zens of Texas to colonize the unoccupied lands in the southwest cor-
ner of the Indian Territory, lying west of the North Fork of Bed River,
which lands are claimed by the State of Texas and are involved in the
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS. XLIII
question of the disputed boundary line between Texas and the United
States, in regard to which a bill (H. E. 1565) authorizing the appoint-
ment of a commission to run and mark said boundary line is now pend-
ing before Congress. The matter was on the 2d of June last referred
by the Department to the honorable Secretary of War, with the state-
ment that, in the absence of any definite settlement of the controversy,
the status of the lands must be maintained as Indian country, and re-
questing the service of the military in removing all intruders there-
from. The official reports of the War Department show that the set-
tlers were notified to vacate the lands by the 1st October, 1884, failing
which they would be promptly removed by the troops.
INTRUDERS AND DISPUTED CITIZENSHIP IN THE INDIAN TERRITORY.
By your decision of March 15, 1884, the act of the Choctaw council,
approved October 21, 1882, has been made the basis for determining all
questions relating to intruders and disputed citizenship in that nation.
Under this decision instructions were given Agent Tufts under date of
March 22, 1884, which are hereto appended, together with the act of
the Choctaw council. The method of dealing with these questions thus
adopted leaves their ultimate decision with the Department in accord-
ance with the opinion of the honorable Attorney-General (16 Opinions,
404), and it is believed will produce satisfactory results. No action on
this matter has been taken by the other civilized nations, but the Sen-
ate Committee on Indian Affairs is about to visit the Territory for the
purpose of investigating the subject, among other matters, and it is
presumed will present a report which will enable Congress to reach a
satisfactory solution of the question at the ensuing session.
ACT OF CHOCTAW COUNCIL.
To the General Council :
Your committee to whom was referred that portion of the chief's message referring
to our relations with the United States, would report the following and ask its
adoption: '
Whereas, by the seventh article of the treaty of 1855, the Choctaws are secured
in the unrestricted right of self-government and full jurisdiction over persons and
property within their respective limits, which unrestricted right of self-government
does, and of a right ought to, secure to the Choctaw Government the sole right and
power to hear and determine all applications for a citizenship; and
Whereas great injury has been done the Choctaws in the past by non-citizens, after
they have failed to establish their claims to citizenship according to the Choctaw
law, resorting to Fort Smith and there before a commission and too often by means
of bribed witnesses, and without the Choctaw Government having any representative
present to protect her interest, established claims which are not only detrimental to
the interests of the Choctaws, but are in open violation of the seventh article of the
treaty of 1855, above mentioned ; and
Whereas the Choctaws, in order to quiet all cries of prejudice and partiality against
applicants for citizenship, agree that after an applicant for citizenship has been
refused the right he claimed, and feels aggrieved by such refusal, such applicant may
have a rehearing of his case before the United States Indian agent: Provided, The
agent notify the principal chief of the time and place of all such rehearings, so that
XLIV REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
the Clioctaws may be represented by an attorney, and the Choctaws agree to abide
by the decision of the agent ; and
Whereas there are now in the Choctaw Nation many non-citizens who remain here
year after year with the pretense that they are about to prove their claim to citizen-
ship, it is earnestly requested that the United States Indian agent be required, when
furnished with a list of such persons by the principal chief, to cause them to take
immediate steps to prove their rights to citizenship ; and if they refuse or neglect,
put them out of the Nation : Therefore,
Be it enacted by the general council of the Choctaw Nation assembled, That the Secre-
tary of the Interior is hereby requested to prohibit United States commissioners, at
Fort Smith, Arkansas, or any other place, from taking cognizance of any petition for
the rights of citizenship in the Choctaw Nation, as the Choctaws do not recognize
such persons as citizens, nor will they in the future.
SEC. 2. Be it further enacted, That the Secretary of the Interior is hereby requested
to order the United States Indian agent to hear and determine all applications made
to him to establish claims of citizenship in the Choctaw Nation, and the decision of
such agent shall be final: Provided only, That all such applications shall have been
made to the proper Choctaw tribunal and by it refused, the agent notifying the prin-
cipal chief of the time and place of such rehearing. Then the principal chief shall
appoint some competent Choctaw attorney to represent and defend the interests of
the Choctaw Nation in all such rehearings, and such attorney shall be allowed $5 for
every day he is necessarily engaged, and 10 cents for every mile traveled on a direct
and practicable route going to and returning from such rehearing, to be paid on the
order of the principal chief out of any money in the treasury not otherwise appro-
priated.
SEC. 3. Be it further enacted, That the Secretary of the Interior be further requested
to instruct the United States Indian agent to order all non-citizens now in the nation
to take immediate steps to prove their rights as citizens, and if they refuse or neg-
lect, remove them beyond the limits of the Choctaw Nation.
SEC. 4. Be it further enacted, That the principal chief be requested to send a copy of
this act to the Secretary of the Interior, and one to the United States Indian agent ;
and also that he send a copy to the governor of the Chickasaw Nation, and ask the
concurrence and co-operation of theChickasaws, and that this act take effect and be
in force from and after its passage.
STEPHEN WATKINS,
Chairman Committee on Petitions.
Approved October 21, 1882.
JAMES THOMPSON,
President Senate, Acting Chief pro tern.
INSTRUCTIONS TO AGENT TUFTS.
DEPARTMENT OP THE INTERIOR,
OFFICE OF INDIAN AFFAIRS,
Washington, D. C., March 22, 1884.
JOHN Q. TUFTS, Esq.,
United States Indian Agent, Union Agency, Muskogee, Ind. Ter. :
SIR: I transmit herewith a copy of office report dated March 14, 1884, upon the
question of intruders and disputed citizenship in the Choctaw Nation, and of the de-
cision of the honorable Secretary of the Interior, dated March 15, 1884, concurring
in the recommendation of this Office.
In accordance with this decision you will notify all disputed claimants to citizen-
ship in the Choctaw Nation, whose names are furnished you by the Choctaw authori-
ties, to appear at the next session of the proper tribunal and submit their claims for
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS. XLV
adjudication as provided by the Choctaw laws; that failing to do so they will be
deemed intruders and removed from the Territory; and that any party feeling
aggrieved by the decision of the Choctaw tribunal will be allowed thirty days in
which to appeal to you, at the expiration of that time to be deemed an intruder, if
no appeal be taken.
This notice you will serve upon the parties, either by causing your police to deliver
a written or printed copy, with your signature attached, to the person interested, or
to leave the same at the usual place of abode of such person, at least sixty days prior
to the first day of the session of the council before which he is summoned to appear,
or by sending the same through the mails so that sixty days may elapse between the
receipt of the notice and the commencement of said session.
You will hear all cases of appeal from the decision of the Choctaw authorities, giv-
ing proper notice to the principal chief of the time and place of hearing, receiving
and considering such proper evidence, without distinction as to the race of witnesses,
as may be presented. You will allow the claimants to be represented by counsel, if
they so desire, as well as the nation.
You will hear all cases of appeal as promptly as possible, and submit the evidence
in each case, with your finding thereon, to this office for final adjudication.
All persons finally adjudged to be intruders will be allowed a reasonable time in
which to dispose of their improvements and property before being removed.
Subject to this qualification, all parties, properly notified, failing to appear at the
session of the council for which they are summoned, should at the expiration of said
session be promptly removed ; and any person adjudged to be an intruder by the Choc-
taw authorities failing to appeal within the time prescribed should also be promptly
removed.
In carrying out these instructions you are expected to co-operate with the Choctaw
authorities, under the Choctaw law of October 21, 1882, so far as the same is not mod-
ified by the decision of the Secretary.
Very respectfully, &c.,
H. PRICE,
Commissioner.
FREEDMEN IN THE INDIAN TERRITORY.
Since the date of ray last annual report the act of the Choctaw
Council, approved May 21, 1883, therein referred to, has been held by
you to be a substantial compliance with the terms of the third article
of the treaty of 1866 (14 Stat., 770), and three-fourths of the sum of
$10,000 appropriated for the education of freedmen in the Choctaw and
Chickasaw Nations by the act of May 17, 1882 (22 Stat., 72), has been
paid over to the Choctaw authorities. This question, therefore, may be
regarded as settled, so far as the Choctaw Nation is concerned, while
in the other nations it remains in the condition presented in my last
report. The following is the act of the Choctaw Council referred to:
AN ACT entitled "An act to adopt the freedmen of the Choctaw Nation."
Whereas by the third and fourth articles of the treaty between the United States
and the Choctaw and Chickasaw Nations, concluded April 28, 1866, provision was
made for the adoption of laws, rules, and regulations necessary to give all persons of
African descent resident in said nations at the date of the treaty of Fort Smith, Sep-
tember 13, 1865, and their descendants, formerly held in slavery among said nations,
all the rights, privileges, and immunities, including the right of suffrage, of citizens
of said nations, except in the annuities, moneys, and public domain claimed by or
XLVI REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
belonging to said nations respectively ; and also to give to such persons who were
residents as aforesaid, and their descendants, 40 acres each of the lands of said na-
tions on the same terms as Choctaws and Chickasaws, to be selected on the survey
of said lands; until which said freedmen shall be entitled to as much land as they
may cultivate for the support of themselves and families ; and
Whereas the Choctaw Nation adopted legislation in the form of a memorial to the
United States Government in regard to adopting freedmen to be citizens of the Choc-
taw Nation, which was approved by the principal chief November 2, 1880, setting
forth the status of said freedmen and the inability of the Choctaw Nation to prevail
upon the Chickasaws to adopt any joint plan for adopting said freedmen, and notifying
the United States Government of their willingness to accept said freedmeu as citizens
of the Choctaw Nation in accordance with the third and fourth articles of the treaty
of 1866 as a basis ; and —
Whereas a resolution was passed and approved November 5, 1880, authorizing the
principal chief to submit the aforesaid proposition of the Choctaw Nation to adopt
their freedmen to the United States Government ; and —
Whereas a resolution was passed and approved November 6, 1880, to provide for
the registration of freedmen in the Choctaw Nation, authorizing the principal chief
to appoint three competent persons in each district, citizens of the nation, whose duty
it shall be to register all freedmen referred to in said third article of the treaty of
1866 who desire to become citizens of the nation in accordance with said treaty, and
upon proper notification that the,Governinent of the United States had acted favora-
bly upon the proposition to adopt the freedmen as citizens, to issue his proclamation
notifying all such freedmen as desire to become citizens of the Choctaw Nation to ap-
pear before said commissioner for identification and registration ; and, —
Whereas in the Indian appropriation act of Congress May 17, 1882, it is provided
that either of said tribes may adopt and provide for the freedmen in said tribe in ac-
cordance with said third article: Now, therefore,
Beit enacted by the general council of the Choctaw Nation, That all persons of African
descent resident in the Choctaw Nation at the date of the treaty of Fort Smith, Sep-
tember 13, 1865, and their descendants, formerly held in slavery by the Choctaws of
Chickasaws, are hereby declared to be entitled to and invested with all the rights,
privileges, and immunities, including the right of suffrage, of citizens of the Choctaw
Nation, except in the annuities, moneys and the public domain of the nation.
SEC. 2. Be it 'further enacted. That all said persons of African descent, as aforesaid,
and their descendants, shall be allowed the satoe rights of process, civil and criminal,
in the several courts of this nation as are allowed to Choctaws, and free protection of
persons and property is hereby granted to all such persons.
SEC. 3. Be it further enacted, That all said persons are hereby declared to be enti-
tled to forty acres each of the lauds of the nation, to be selected and held by them
under the same title and upon the same terms as the Choctaws.
SEC. 4. Be it further enacted, That all said persons aforesaid are hereby declared to
be entitled to equal educational privileges and facilities with the Choctaws so far as
neighborhood schools are concerned.
SEC. 5. Be it further enacted, That all said persons as shall elect to remove and do
actually and permanently remove from the nation are hereby declared to be entitled
to one hundred dollars per capita, as provided in said third article of the treaty of
186t>.
SEC. 6. Be it further enacted, That all said persons who shall decline to become citi-
zens of the Choctaw Nation, and who do not elect to remove permanently from the
nation, are hereby declared to be intruders, on the same footing as other citizens of
the United States resident herein, and subject to removal for similar causes.
SEC. 7. Be it further enacted, That intermarriage with such freedmeu of African de-
scent who were formerly held as slaves of the Choctaws, and have become citizens,
shall not confer any rights of citizens in this nation, and all freedmen who have
married or who may hereafter marry freedwomen who have become citizens of the
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS. XLVII
Choctaw Nation are subject to the permit laws, and allowed to remain during good
behavior only.
SEC. 9.. .Be it further enacted, That the national secretary shall furnish a certified
copy of this to the Secretary of the Interior. And this act shall take effect and be
in force from and after its passage.
Approved, May 21, 1883.
J. F. McCURTAIN,
Principal Chief, Choctaw Nation.
CREEK AND SEMINOLE BOUNDARIES.
This subject has been fully discussed in the last three annual reports
of this office. Eecommendation was made the past year for an appro-
priation of $3,000 for the survey of the outboundaries of the 175,000
acres of Creek lands purchased by the United States for the Seininole
Indians. Congress did not see fit to make a separate appropriation for
this specific work, but in the Indian appropriation act, approved July
4, 1884, the sum of $50,000 was appropriated for the survey of Indian
reservations, out of which sum the expenses of the survey to determine
and establish the outboundaries of this purchased tract of land will
be paid.
RESERVOIRS AT THE HEADWATERS OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER.
In addition to what was submitted in my last Annual Keport (page
LVIII) on this subject, to which I invite your attention, I have now to
state that the Commission, consisting of B. Blakey, esq., vice General
Sibley, resigned, ex-Governor W. K. Marshall, and Eev. J. A. Gilfillan,
appointed December 22, 1882, to review a former valuation of damages
to Indians, &c., with a view to a reassessment, if in its judgment the
injury incurred in the construction of reservoirs was greater than the
compensation heretofore allowed, submitted on the 4th of December,
1883, a report of proceedings with the findings or valuations of injury
sustained by the Indians by reason of the construction of these reser-
voirs at Lake Winnibigoshish and Leech Lake, on the headwaters of the
Mississippi River, viz:
Lake Winnibigoshish and Cass Lake:
Injury to personal property $1,936 50
Injury to tribal property • 3,649 58
$5, 586 08
Leech Lake :
Injury to personal property 105 00
Injury to tribal property 1, 075 00
1,180 00
White Earth and Mississippi Chippewas :
Pine cut 3,272 10
10; 038, 18
Annual damages to these Indians :
For rice destroyed at 10 cents per pound 8, 610
For hay destroyed at $28 per ton 9,800
18,410 00
XLVIII REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
Carried forward $18,410 00
Indians at Lake Winnibigoshish and Cass Lake. Annual dam-
age, viz :
Hay $3,640 00
Loss of fish 4,350 00
Loss of cranberries 300 00
Lossof sugar 100 00
8,390 00
26,800 00
Making total damages awarded by the commission outside of
resultant damages, as follows:
Individual property 2,041 50
Tribal property 7,996 68
10,038 18
Total annual damages awarded 26, 800 00
36,838 18
The sum of $10,038.18 being available out of the appropriations
already made, this Office, on the 19th of December, 1883, in a report on
the subject, recommended that an appropriation of $26,800 be made by
Congress as the first installment for the annual damages for the next
fiscal year, and that annually thereafter a similar appropriation be made
to carry into effect the award of the Commission. Congress did not
however, at its last session, make the appropriations recommended.
These Indians have been and are now peaceably disposed and loyal to
the Government. Bishop Whipple, Mr. Blakely, Governor Marshall,
and other prominent citizens of that locality, urge the justness of the
Indian claim, and I concur with their judgment that these Indians have
a just claim upon the Government for full compensation for the injury
sustained by them in the construction of these dams for the improvement
of the navigation of the Mississippi River, the benefits of which inure
solely to the United States. I cannot too strongly press the urgent
necessity for the appropriations recommended. No one can compute
the evil consequences that may arise should Congress ignore its duty
to these Indians by a failure to make the appropriations to carry out
the terms of the aforesaid award.
SALE OF OMAHA LANDS IN NEBRASKA, AND ALLOTMENT OF LANDS
IN SEVERALTY TO OMAHA INDIANS.
The commission appointed to appraise the Omaha Reservation lands
in Nebraska west of the Sioux City and Nebraska Railroad under the
act of August 7, 1882 (Stat. 22, p. 341), submitted their report and
schedule of appraisement under date of October 11, 1883. The appraise-
ment was approved by the Department November 20, 1883, and the
General Laud Office directed to take steps for the disposal of the lands
under the law. By public proclamation, dated March 19, 1884, the
lands were thrown open to settlement from and after April 30, 1884,
at 12 o'clock, noon. The total number of acres appraised and subject
to disposal is 50,157, and the value thereof as appraised, $512,670.24.
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS. XLIX
The schedule, which gives a full description and valuation of the lands
to be sold, has been printed and numerously circulated.
Allotments in severally have been made to the Omahas in accordance
with the provisions of the act aforesaid. Miss A. 0. Fletcher, to whom,
as special agent of the Department, the work was assigned, sub-
mitted her report and schedule of allotments under date of June 25,
1884. The allotments were approved by the Department July 11, 1884,
and by letter of same date the General Laud Office was directed to
issue patents therefor in accordance with section 6 of the act, and to
deliver the same to this office for distribution to the parties severally
entitled thereto. The whole number of allotments made was 954. Ac-
cording to Miss Fletcher's report the total number of acres allotted was
76,809.68, of which 876.60 acres were allotted west of the railroad. The
area of unallotted lands remaining within the reservation east of the
railroad is a little in excess of 55,000 acres.
In regard to the good effect of this allotment, the agent reports as
follows :
The principal event of importance of the past year has been the completion of the
work of allotting to the Indians their lands in severalty, in accordance with the act
of Congress approved August 7, 1882; 75,931 acres were allotted in 954 separate allot-
ments to 1,194 persons. This number includes the wives, they receiving their lands
with their respective husbands. About 55,450 acres remain to be patented to the tribe
according *o the act for the benefit of the children born during the period of the trust
patents.
In the four townships nearest the railroad 326 allotments were taken, showing the
practical appreciation by the people of a near market for their produce. In town-
ship 24, range 7 east of the sixth principal meridian, 105 allotments were made. The
portion of this township lying west of the railroad and unallotted to Indians was
opened last April to white settlement, and was immediately occupied. The unallotted
portion of this township east of the railroad will next year be in the market, and the
Indians located there will be surrounded by white neighbors, and thus be brought in
close contact with civilized people. All the land lying near the white settlements
which skirt the southern portion of the reservation is allotted ; and the Indians, par-
ticularly those who are inclined to be progressive, are seeking rather than avoiding
associations with the white people. This is a good indication. Progress cannot be
made in isolation.
The increasing crops of the Omahas to be marketed make them an important factor
in the prosperity of the growing villages in their vicinity, and the tradesmen in the
villages encourage their efforts. The people seem more and more in earnest to ad_
vancein their farmer's mode of life. The security of their tenure of their land has
had an excellent influence.
The very thorough manner in which the work of allotting those lands was done,
and the practical instructions given them at the same time, have given those people
an impetus which will never be lost. The thanks of every one of these people, and
mine with them, are heartily given to Miss A. C. Fletcher for her noble work. Hence-
forth the land follows descent according to the laws of the State, and the registry
kept by Miss Fletcher will facilitate in securing the proper inheritance. This regis-
try, giving as it does the exact status of the families as they will be recognized by the
Government in the patents, will also render valuable assistance in maintaining the
integrity of the family, a most important matter in the welfare of this people.
4266 IND IV
L REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OP INDIAN AFFAIRS.
Many of the leading men of the Omaha tribe in Nebraska have for
some time favored the idea that the Government give the tribe entire
control of its own affairs, without the interference or expense of an agent
or of agency employes. Since the sale and allotment of a part of their
reservation before referred to, this desire for independence, and their
wish to do away with the expense of a regularly organized agency force,
has increased. Now more than half of these Indians live in comforta-
ble houses; every family in the tribe has land under cultivation in farms
ranging from ten to one hundred acres, and the acreage of tilled land is
increasing every year. They are all moderately well supplied with
stock, and with wagons, plows, and other necessary farming utensils,
which they know how to use and take care of; and they have good
mills, shops, and school-houses, and have been very successful in farm-
ing, so that, with their yearly cash income, they feel that their future
necessities are provided for. The policy I have adopted in dealing with
Indians is to prepare them as soon as possible to take care of them-
selves bj~ civilized pursuits, and to encourage them in self-reliance, and
I therefore looked with favor on this feeling of independence amongst
the Omahas, believing that it was inspired by proper motives.
Therefore, on their request, made in council, I instructed the agent
of the Omahas to discharge all agency employes at the Omaha Agency
on the 30th day of last September, except the school employes and one
person who is to remain there to act as physician and farmer and who
will look after the interests of the Government and the Indians and
keep this office informed of the progress of affairs there, and who will
be retained until his services can be dispensed with. The agent was
further instructed to turn over to the Omaha couucilinen, in trust for
the tribe, the mills, shops, dwellings, school-houses, live stock, and all
public property on the Omaha Reservation, which transfer is no doubt
completed by this time. While this is an experiment, it is believed
that it will prove to be successful, and that the Omahas will demon-
strate the wisdom of the methods now pursued by the Department
looking to the ultimate civilization and independence of all the Indian
tribes.
KICKAPOO ALLOTTEES UNDER TREATY OF 1862.
In my last three annual reports attention was called to the condition
of affairs relative to the estates of deceased and minor allottees under
the provisions of the treaty with the Kickapoo Indians of June 28, 1862
(13 Stat., 623), and to the fact that the treaty contains no provision
whereby female allottees can become citizens and obtain patents for
the lands allotted to them. That matter was submitted to Congress at
its last session for the third time, with the result that the proposed bill
passed the Senate but received no consideration in the House of Rep-
resentatives.
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS. LI
EASTERN CHEROKEES.
In September, 1882, Joseph G. Hester was appointed agent to take a
census and make a list of all tbe Cherokee Indians residing east of the
Mississippi River, as required by an act approved August 7, 1882. To
assist him in this work, I furnished him with eoptes of four previous
lists of this people. One taken by J. C. Mullay as early as 1848, con-
taining the names of all who resided in the State of North Carolina at
the time of the treaty of 1836, and who had not removed West, and ona
taken by D. W. Siler in pursuance of an act approved September 30,
1850, which, it is believed, includes all of these people then residing in
North Carolina, Georgia, Tennessee, and Alabama. This roll was used
by Alfred Chapman, acting for this Department, in the following year,
to make a per capita payment to the Eastern Cherokees, and in doing
so he found it necessary from evidence presented to make a few changes,
so that a copy of the pay-roll made by him was also given to the agent
together with a copy of a list of these people taken by S. H. Swetland
under an act approved July 27, 1868.
In consequence of the wide distribution of these Indians and their
descendants over many States, a great majority living in localities re-
mote from all usual routes of travel, the task proved to be of much
greater magnitude, difficulty, and expense than was at first anticipated,
and it was not until the 5th of last January that it could be com-
pleted and the list submitted. It contains the names of 1,881 members
residing in North Carolina, 758 in Georgia, 213 in Tennessee, 71 in Ala-
bama, 11 in Kentucky, 8 in New Jersey, 5 in Virginia, 3 each in Kan-
sas (at present) and South Carolina, and 1 each in California. Colorado,
and Illinois (at present), making a total membership of 2,956.
It gives the English and Indian names (when they have both), the
age and sex of each, and the residence or post-office address of every
family or single person, together with the relationship of each member
of a family to the head thereof. Reference is also made to the numbers
opposite their names, or the names of their ancestors on the previous
rolls above noted, that they may be identified there, and there are such
marginal references and explanatory notes as special cases seemed to
require. Thus no person's name was enrolled on this list whose name
or the name of whose ancestor does not appear on some one of the pre-
vious lists, and all except forty-seven on the previous lists are accounted
for, either as dead, as having gone west to reside with the Nation in the
Indian Territory, or by enrollment as now residing east of the Missis-
sippi River. These forty-seven persons whose whereabouts could not
be ascertained are believed by their friends and relatives to have either
died, gone west, or to be now known by different names from those under
which they were previously enrolled. A list of the forty-seven names
is given with this census. While the agent was engaged in the work,
various persons presented themselves to him, claiming to be Eastern
L1I REPORT OF THE COMMISSION K.R OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
Cherokees or their descendants, whom he declined to enroll, not believ-
ing the evidence they submitted sufficient to sustain their claims. He
files with the census a list of their names, accompanied by all the papers
and information he had received or could obtain in reference to them,
which may be useful in case any of those so rejected in future claim that
they have been wronged.
The census list, together with all evidence and information available
pertaining to it, was laid before a council of the Eastern Cherokees at
their request (due notice having been given to the Cherokee Nation in
the Indian Territory to be present by delegates if they so desired), and
after having been carefully scrutinized by said council was fully ap-
proved by them. A certificate signed by the council to that effect accom-
panies the list, which list, after having been carefully examined and
compared with the previous rolls in this office, was on my recommenda-
tion approved by the Department on the 4th of last February.
TOWN OF PENDLETON, OREGON — SALE OF UMATILLA RESERVATION
LANDS FOR TOWN PURPOSES.*
Referring to the mention of this subject in my last annual report, I
have to say that the appraisement of the lands referred to in the above
title was completed in the early part of October following, and approved
by the Department under date December 22, 1883. The lauds, which
had been surveyed and laid out into blocks and lots, were offered for
sale at public auction in the town of Pendleton in May last, and nearly
all disposed of.
I have been informally advised by the General Land Office that the
proceeds from the sales will aggregate very much more than the ap-
praised value, which was $24,344.95, not including the Goodwin tract.
More than that amount has already been received on account of cash
entries or first payments, and it is estimated that the second and third
payments will increase this sum by $35,000, so that the total that will
be realized from the sales will probably not be less than $(30,000. A
few lots remain unsold. The Moses E. Goodwin claim referred to in
the second section of the act was appraised at $2.50 per acre ; area,
2,672.01) acres; value, $0,080. The funds arising from the sale of these
lands, after deducting the expenses incidental thereto, are to be placed
in the Treasury to the credit of the Indians of the Umatilla reservation,
and bear interest at the rate of 5 per cent, per annum, and the Secre
tary of the Interior is authorized to expend so much of the principa
and accrued interest as he may see fit in the support of an industrial
school for said Indians on said reservation. .
AGREEMENT WITH CHIEF MOSES.
The agreement with Chief Moses and other Indians of the Columbia
and Colville Reservations, in Washington Territory, entered into July
*Act August 5, 1882. Stat 22, p. 297.
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS. LIII
7, 1883, was ratified and confirmed by a clause in the Indian appropria-
tion act for the current year, and the sura of $85,000 appropriated to
carry the same into effect.
A special agent of this office has been instructed to visit these Indians
for the purpose of fulfilling the stipulations of the agreement so far as
rendered necessary by their compliance with its conditions. He is now
with them in the discharge of that duty.
LOGGING OPERATIONS BY INDIANS AT LA POINTE AGENCY, WISCONSIN.
Under the provisions of the treaty with the Chippewa Indians of Lake
Superior, September 30, 1854 (10 Statutes at Large, 1109), over five hun-
dred Indians have received patents for 80-acre tracts, variously located
on the Lac Court d'Oreilles, Bad River, and Red Cliff reservations, and
restricted against sale, lease, or alienation without consent of the Presi-
dent of the United States. Most of the lands patented are heavily
timbered with pine. The Indians being desirous of turning the timber
to account, authority was on the 28th September, 1882, granted by the
Department for all such patentees to cut and sell the timber from three-
fourths of the tract patented, leaving the remaining one-fourth of the
timber in a compact body, intact for future use for fuel, fencing, &c.
The Indians were not permitted to sell stuinpage, neither were white
crews to be allowed on the reservations to do the work, but the Indians
themselves were to cut and sell, delivered on the bank of a driving
stream, lake, or at mill, as should be agreed upon with the purchaser.
The logs were to be scaled by a competent person approved by the Uni-
ted States Indian agent, and scaling charges were to be paid equally by
the parties to the contract. Payment was to be made to the Indian
owner from time to time during progress of the work, as should be
agreed upon between the contracting parties, final payment to be made
before removal of the logs. The Indians were to be at liberty to make
their own contracts, subject to the approval of the United States Indian
agent and the Commissioner of Indian Affairs. Bonds were required
from the purchasers in a sum sufficient to insure the faithful perform-
ance of the contracts.
During the season of 18S2-'83, forty-two contracts, prepared in ac-
cordance with form approved by the Department November 1, 1882, were
made by individual Indians holding patents for lands on the Lac Court
d'Oreilles, Bad River, and Red Cliff Reserves, variously calling for from
30,000 to 900,000 feet of pine, ranging from $5 to $6.50 per 1,000 feet.
These, with accompanying bonds, were submitted by the agent and ap-
proved by this office. The result of these operations was in the main
very satisfactory, the Indians for the most part coming out considerably
ahead of their contracts, many of them at the close of the season being
in possession of cattle, horses, sleds, household goods, implements, and
in some instances considerable cash balances, independent of supplies
furnished by the contractor.
LIV REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
Daring the season of 1883-'84 the operations were on a more ex-
tended scale, eighty-eight contracts, just double the number in the
previous season, having been entered into and approved, independently
of some cases, where, notwithstanding the vigilance of the agent, logs
had been prepared for market by the Indians without the formality of
a contract. The returns show that during that season over 48,000,000
of feet of timber were cut and banked, ready for delivery by the In-
dians, representing a money value of over $250,000. The result of these
operations showing the net amount cleared by the Indian owners of the
logs may be summarized as follows:
Lac Court d'Oreiiles Reserve :
Cash balances paid to Indians after deducting supplies furnished by con-
tractors $32,460 40
Oxen on hand — value 2, 585 00
Horses on band — value 2, 950 00
Camp outfits— value 4, 640 00
Leaving (as the net result of the contracts made by 46 Indians) 42,641 40
Red Cliff Reserve :
Cash balances paid to Indians after deducting supplies 1, 190 13
Horses, wagons, &c., on hand 918 00
One house and lot 1, 000 00
One house and lot — value not given
(Leaving (as the net result of the contracts made by 5 Indians) 3, 108 13
Bad River Reserve :
Cash balances paid to Indians after deducting supplies (this being the net
result of contracts made by 25 Indians) 18, 448 52
This, it will be observed, is independent of supplies with which the
Indians were furnished and charged by the contractors during the pro-
gress of the work. The figures above given represent only the net gain
of the Indians who made the contracts, while, as a matter of fact, all
the available male adult population of the reserves were engaged in the
work and derived their principal means of support therefrom. In his
report accompanying these statistics, the agent remarks that the log-
ging operations have generally been satisfactory to him, and he be-
lieves profitable to the Indians, both pecuniarily and as a matter of
education, and although he considers that to sell the stumpage directly
to buyers with authority to put in the pine with white crews would
realize more money for the individual Indian owners, he still deems the
present method, with some modifications, the best. By selling the
stumpage, the Indian owners would get their money without labor;
the remainder of the Indians would be left idle ; in a short time the
timber would be cut off and the Indians not having acquired the habit
of labor, and naturally improvident, with money easily acquired, would
be poorer and more dependent than ever. Owing to the want of
knowledge of logging operations, caring for and handling teams, &c.,
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS. LV
by the Indians, the agent was at an early stage of the proceedings au-
thorized to allow the employment of white foremen, cooks, and team-
sters to a limited extent in the lumber camps. He thinks the Indians
have now had sufficient experience to dispense entirely with white la-
bor, and recommends that hereafter white labor of any kind be dis-
pensed with, except allowing a white contractor to employ a man at
his own expense to see that the work is properly done according to
contract. I have been induced to treat this subject at considerable
length on account of the experimental character of the work. It has
so far proved to be an experiment in the right direction, and I there-
fore think the benefit derived by the Indians pecuniarily and as a mat-
ter of practical education should appear on record, as some answer to
the argument that the Indian will not work.
I have the honor to be, sir,
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
H. PRICE,
Commissioner.
The Hon. SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR.
REPORTS OF AGENTS.
COLORADO RIVER AGENCY, ARIZONA,
August 5*0, 1884.
SIR: In accordance with instructions to Indian agents I have the honor to submit
this as my second annual report of the Indians in charge of this agency for the year
ending June 30, 1884.
The three bands of Indians under my jurisdiction are the Mohaves, Chimehuvas, and
Yumas. According to the last census the whole number of Indians among the Mo-
haves and Chirnehuvas was 1,012, and divided as follows: 519 males and 493 females;
or of the Mohaves, 412 males and 390 females; of the Chimehuvas, 107 males and 103
females. I believe from what I have seen and learned of these two tribes that there
has been a slight increase since my last report was made. The Yumas are said to
number nearly 1,200 souls, and are also a very quiet, orderly, good people.
My time while at Fort Yuma was so taken up with the starting 'of a new school
among them that I found it impossible to take the census for this report, but it is
my desire to take a new and complete census of all the tribes of Indians under my
jurisdiction next year.
All the Indians have behaved remarkably well during the past year where they
have had so much to contend with in the loss of their crops, &c. I have not heard
of a single instance of a disturbance of any nature among them.
There is no intemperance among the Mohaves and Chimehuvas, which is a great
blessing. This is owing, in a great measure, to the remote distance the Indians are
located from the white settlements — being 200 miles one way, and nearly 100 in
another direction — places where they only visit when they desire to make purchases
or to secure labor. In all such cases a pass is furnished them by the agent, which
they regard as a good omen, and keeping them from all harm when away from home.
The Yumas are inclined to drink all kinds of liquors, but if caught under its influ-
ence they are immediately arrested by their Chief, Pasqual, and a most severe pun-
ishment inflicted upon them. In ordinary cases, for the first and second offenses, the
Indians are brought from the town of Yuma and placed in the presence of their
chief, who then and there decides what their punishment shall be. In all instances
his decision must be complied with. While at Fort Yuma I witnessed the punish-
ment of one Indian for drunkenness, as follows : The Indian was carried and dragged
over the ground for a distance of nearly two miles after receiving his sentence ; was
then tied to a mesquit tree, wh^re he was obliged to remain tightly bound from 5 p.
m. until sunrise the following morning, when he was released and placed in a position
to receive an additional punishment of thirty lashes. Following this comes a good
lecture from the chief and set free. In this way Pasqual has in a great measure
broken up their desire for drink, and has done more good in that particular than any
Indian chief I ever knew. He also says that he would prefer to see his people all
dead than to be a set of drunkards.
EDUCATION.
Since I took charge of this agency I am gratified to report a very gradual and
steady progress among the pupils. During the month of April last I opened a new
school among the Yumas at the Jaeger Farm, about one mile from Fort Yuma, under
the most favorable auspices, beginning with thirty scholars, and retaining a good
general average during the term. The scholars are very bright and made remarkable
progress for the first quarter. I believe that fully fifty scholars can be secured for the
next term of school, and provision should be made for that number, and also to in-
clude some supplies for the Indians, who are really expecting something from the
Great Father at the next school opening.
The agency school has about fifty scholars with a fair average attendance, as the
reports of the superintendent will show. This is owing in a great measure to the
kind treatment given them and the assurance of better food and raiment than they
4266 IND 1 1
2 REPORTS OF AGENTS IN ARIZONA.
can secure at their homes, although at times the children will disobey the school reg-
ulations and run away to their camps in order to satisfy their appetites for a good
feed of pumpkins, squash, parched corn, and other seeds of which they are very fond.
I have thought it would be better for the agent to secure these articles from the In-
dians in exchange for flour and serve to the scholars once or twice a week, as an
additional inducement to keep them from running away. All the scholars can read,
write, and cipher, as also attend to the general household duties with the aid of the
matron and teachers. Their morals are continually improving, and they are giving
the strongest evidences of the same.
SCHOOL BATHING.
The school bathing is never neglected summer or winter. The children are thor-
oughly and cleanly dressed once a week, with all garments nice, clean, and mended,
in which nearly all the girls are instructed. The sleeping apartments are not so well
ventilated as might be, but are very superior in some respects to those of the poorer
classes in large cities. The sleeping apartments are provided' with a well-filled
double straw mattress for two children, and good pillows with two pairs of double blan-
kets for the same. The children rise every morning promptly at six o'clock and break-
fast at seven, giving them one hour's interval for preparing their toilet and assisting
in the kitchen and dining-room work. School begins at 8 o'clock. Recess at 10.30,
commencing again at 11, and continuing until 12 noon, for dinner. During the
heated term I find it better to have no school in the afternoon, but keep the children
employed in various ways about the agency at almost anything to divert their minds
from being in a school- room. In this I find greater advancement in their studies, and
much better students than heretofore. It is a great wrong to keep the Indian chil-
dren too long in the school-room without recreation of some kind, and it is surpris-
ing to me how well they remain at the agency. They want short school hours with
plenty of diversions and amusements. With this, all Indian schools will prosper.
FARMING INDUSTRY.
But little can be said in favor of such industry here, where there is so little good
laud and poor supply of water to operate with. The soil, being composed of sand and
alkali, with but little earth mixture, eats up a multitude of water before it is gotten
in a state of perfection for the sowing of cereal matter, after which it must be
thoroughly attended to in the irrigation or the crops will be lost. The question
arises, How can this water best be obtained? Various modes have been adopted by
parties, viz, the Rodondo Ditch Company, about 9 miles from Yuma, and the Jaegar
Ditch Company, near the same locality. The extensive Blythe Ditch Company, near
Ehrenberg, also the West & Company's ditch, near same locality, and the agency
ditch, 7 miles in length ; also, various other processes have been tried near the agency,
among which the old Chinese system, and water-wheels worked by the river currents.
All of these projects have failed, after an expenditure of several hundred thousand
dollars. When the water would run in the ditches after their completion it was
found to fill them up very rapidly with sediment, which would again involve great
expense to clean them out, and all have been abandoned. If the Department desires
to teach these people how to farm, something should be done as soon as possible, or
remove them to some place where the advantages are more favorable, and where
they could secure something for their labor.
This year has been disastrous to all the Indians under my charge by the great over-
flow of the Colorado River, submerging all the wheat and corn before it -ripened and
could be secured, thereby depriving them of their last vestige of seed wheat and corn
for planting next fall. I have referred to this matter in my monthly reports, and I
hope the Department will grant their earnest appeal and furnish the small amount
asked for, to wit, 75 bushels of wheat and 58 bushels of cora. This seed ought to be
given them during the month of September, so that they can begin their fall plant-
ing, as is their custom, after a location is decided upon for planting. Very often the
Indians are obliged to seek a new locality for planting, owing to the rise and fall of
the river, which subjects the lands to overflow. What might be a good location this
year might prove worthless next jear, as it may be so covered with sediment as to
be unproductive.
About the same quantity of cereal matter was planted this year as last, and up to
the time of the flood had a very promising outlook ; but all was swept away from
them. Since the water has receded the Indians have been busy planting melons,
pumpkins, squash, and other seeds, and the present outlook promises well for an
abundant crop. If so, this will greatly relieve their wants during the coming win-
ter. Besides this, they seem to be blessed with a good yield of mesquit beans, which
is their staple article of food at all times when the supplies of wheat and corn are
exhausted.
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN ARIZONA. 6
CARP POND.
I believe that a carp pond could be easily constructed for the Indians at some good
point on the reserve. If so, it would go a great ways in relieving their wants, and
would dispense with the issue of any more beef (which, would be a blessing in dis-
guise), as I firmly believe such issues do them no good whatever, and they live in
idleness during this period, watching and waiting for the same. I believe a good
carp pond can be constructed for $1,000 or $1,200, paid in flour at the rate of 50 cents
per diem, which is much better for them than the money, if injudiciously expended.
IRRIGATION.
This is a subject requiring the best of judgment and careful thought, to which I
have paid more interest than anything else, because I firmly believe it is the only
problem which will ultimately make these people pros, erous and happy. In my
judgment there is but one way "to irrigate this vast area of land, or a portion thereof,
and that is to secure an adequate appropriation of $20,000 or $30,000, for that purpose
alone, and then provide the best skilled labor (farmer and mechanic), who could
give a bond for the faithful expenditure of the money under the supervision of the
agent, with necessary tools and. windmills being so constructed as to be run by
oxen or mule power when there was no wind, thus raising the water to run over
small patches of ground. Give to every fifty Indians a windmill complete, with a
man, as before described, capable of teaching the Indians how to use it, for the first
year. Such a man can also be capable of repairing these mills, being satisfied to live
among the Indians, and thereby be able to give continued instructions. This to me is
the most simple method there is to irrigate the lands of this reserve. One or two
persons could probably attend to a dozen of these mills in a circuit, and by this
means the Indians can be brought to live closer together than now, which would be
advantageous. By such a system at least two crops of cereal matter could be raised
here in a season. Water can be had in almost every part of the valley below the
foot-hills, at a depth of from 10 to 12 feet at all seasons of the year. Should the De-
partment think favorably of the matter, I am satisfied it will meet with very grati-
fying results.
RELIGION.
The Sabbath day is spent by the opening of Sabbath-school in the morning with
regular exercises, in which all the teachers engage very earnestly. In the afternoon
there is prayer meeting and pleasant Gospel teaching, singing, &c. In the evening
there is a short lecture or talk, Bible reading, and singing exercises. There is a splen-
did field here for missionary work, and it is to be hoped some one will come and enter
the good work at an early day.
IMPROVEMENTS.
During the past year two new buildings have been erected — one for laundry and
bath-house combined, and one for an engine-house (to take the place of a very old
structure which was about to fall). Both are permanent buildings, and, with the
exception of flooring to the laundry and bath-house, are all complete, with water
supplies from the reservoir, which affords an abundance at all times for all purposes.
GOATS.
I have made many efforts to secure a small band of goats for the school; but the
failure of the cattle contractor to furnish them, as agreed, disappointed me in the
same, and delayed it so long that I could not secure the desired number in this
locality at the prices allowed. Another year they can be obtained if the Department
will allow enough for their purchase and delivery at the agency, costing about $8 per
head.
BASKET-MAKING.
This industry has not been started at the agency for want of securing some good
competent person capable of teaching the art to the Indians. I have made several
attempts to secure such a person, but the inadequacy of the salary allowed for such
services will not justify any one to come here and pay their transportation and living
expenses. I hope that this profitable industry will soon be commenced, which bids
fair of a certain success on account of the materials being provided or grown in great
abundance along the banks of the Colorado River.
4 REPORTS OF AGENTS IN ARIZONA.
AGENCY BUILDINGS.
The buildings, considering their age and the manner of construction, are all in a
fair state of preservation except the roofs, which all require immediate attention.
During the last season's rain not one of the roofs was dry ; in fact, they all leaked
badly, destroying some property and causing the employe's, as well as the children,
much discomfiture and sickness. I would advise the purchase of 100 barrels of lime
and cemeut for the work. If the agent was allowed to procure the said lime by open-
market purchase, I am satisfied a much better article could be secured and at a much
less figure than can be sent here from New York or San Francisco. Aside from the
cost of lime, it will require the services of an experienced person to put it on the
roofs in good shape, which services would cost about $150 more, or $1,250 for the whole
work.
A new school building is needed here, the present structure being unsafe on account
of the walls being made too thin when erected, and are now badly cracked.
INTEMPERANCE.
This degrading vice has no hold on these Indians, who seemingly care nothing for
liquor, while the good chief, Hook-a-row, is constantly advising his people of its evil
influences. The Indians seem to realize that it is time they should bring themselves
to a point of self-support, and are making such an effort a success in a very great
measure, but their progress must necessarily be slow with the means afforded them,
if they succeed at all.
POLICE.
This organization has one officer (a captain) and five privates, being well sustained
during the year, there not being any cause for arrest for any offense whatever. The
fact of the knowledge of its existence, I think, tends in a very great measure to keep
them in good order and subjection.
MACHINERY.
During the month of March last the new steam boiler and pump arrived at the
agency and was soon placed in position. Since then much good has been accomplished
in the school garden, where some of the boys have been instructed in the art of irri-
gation and farming, thus providing some vegetable matter for the tables.
CONDEMNED PROPERTY.
During the year the various properties condemned and ordered sold are still on hand
at the agency, to wit : One old steam engine and boiler and pumping apparatus, and
one mowing machine. There being no purchasers for the same at any price that was
consistent and reasonable, the same reported as not being worth the actual cost of
transportation, they are likely to remain on hand for some time to come.
WAGONS.
The two wagons now in use at the agency are very badly worn, and ought to be
replaced by new ones with extra wide tires for this deep sandy soil, as also four sets
of new double work-harness, and two sets of lighter harness for ambulance team, but
strong so as to. be used for any purpose. These six sets of harnes.3 were included in
last year's supplies, and may be already secured.
BOAT.
I would advise the purchase of a good strong boat for .agency use in crossing the
river for beef and wood supplies. At present there is no boat here suitable for the
work among the Indians, on whom we have had to rely during the past year. A good
boat now here, and inspected by Mr. Ward when at the agency, can be purchased for
the sum of $110, capable of doing all the agency business. It is constructed of the very
best materials, and well adapted for the heavy river currents. It has three sets of
oars and a good sail. I recommend and refer you to Inspector Ward for further in-
formation relative to the same.
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN ARIZONA. O
SUBAGENCY.
I would earnestly recommend that the Yuma Indians be placed under a subagent,
so as to better facilitate and conduct the same. The distance being so great, and this
coupled with the expense of traveling to and from there, assures nae that it would
be equally as cheap to the Department, besides the satisfaction of knowing some
competent person was there to look out for things at all times, and would doubtless
be a saving in various ways. I believe that the physician can also act as subagent
without any additional salary. This office should be filled as soon as possible by a com-
petent physician, in order that care and attention may be given the Indians, who are
badly afflicted with syphilitic diseases. The longer they are neglected the worse it will
be in eradicating the disease. Fort Yuma is a much better point for the agency than,
this is. That locality will save much extra expense annually in transportation alone,
aside from delays and inconveniences in getting to and from the agency by all the
attache's and other members of the Indian service.
PROPERTY DESTROYED.
During the month of June the great flood from the Colorado River completely
destroyed all buildings and corrals on the opposite side of the river. Not a vestige
of them remains, and if again constructed should be built near the agency, on an
elevated piece of ground, where similar overflows could not injure the same.
I believe it would be better to abandon all general issues of beef to the Indians, and
give them instead the same amount in good stock cattle, gentle cows, and bulls, for
breeding purposes. Tbis would doubtless please the Indians better, and will satisfy the
Department whether they are capable of taking care of the same. In this case only
a sufficient number of beeves for school purposes need be sent here. The cattle can
be herded on the agency side of the river, where we have a small stockade or pole
corral already constructed, and with cattle scales attached.
CONCLUSION.
In conclusion, I hereby tender my very grateful thanks for the kind and courteous
treatment which I have always received by the officers connected with the Depart-
ment. My failing health, in this dry, hot climate, will not permit me to continue
much longer in the service'; but I trust that my successor, whoever he may be, will be
better able to continue in the good work, and even more successful than I have been
in the effort to civilize these deserving people and bring them to a full sense of real-
izing what good is being done for them by the Great Father.
I have the honor to be your verv obedient servant,
JOHN W. CLARK,
United States Indian Agent.
The COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
PIMA, MARICOPA, AND PAPAGO AGENCY, ARIZONA,
August 14, 1884.
SIR : I have the honor to submit my second annual report as agent for the Pimar
Maricopa, and Papago Indians of Arizona. There are about 12,700 Indians under the
management of this agency, located on four different reservations, from 40 to 100
miles distant from the agency, with about 6,000 Papagos and the entire tribe of Mari-
copas off the reservations. The former living in what is known as the Dry Lands,
between the Southern Pacific Railroad and the Sonora boundary line, and from Tuc-
son west for 150 miles; while the latter live between the town of Mesa City and the
Salt River Reservation in the Salt River Valley.
The Pimas, numbering about 4,800, have shown decided progress in the matter of
farming and dross ; also as to killing the horses of deceased relatives and friends,
which practice has been nearly abandoned. There are very few that do not wear
citizens' clothes except during the hotter months ; and after a white man has had the
experience of a few months in this climate, with the thermometer ranging from 110°
to 122°, he only wonders why it is that we do not dispose of the garb of a white man
and accept that of the " noble red man." During the past year these Indians have
extended their fields, have cleared more land, raised more grain, and done less
begging than has ever before been known, they knowing full well that all their piti-
ful tales, as related by their so-called chiefs, had had no effect, and that, in fact,
nothing but hard labor would bring them what they had been in the habit of having
b REPORTS OF AGENTS IN ARIZONA.
given them by their Great Father in days past. No wonder that some " sigh for the
days that have gone."
After giving these Indians credit for being friends of the whites, laboring in their
own support, and all the good they are entitled to, we must say that they are a
drunken and a sullen people. During the months of July, August, and September
they gather the fruit of the cactus, which is usually very plentiful, and manufacture
from it their intoxicating drink, " tiswin," when w'hole villages get on a drunk. At
times several villages gather together to the number of from 500 to 2,000 people and
have an annual drunk. During these months there is more or less drunkenness all
the time, caused by drinking the tiswin, while during the other months they go to
the towns of Florence and Tempo, or, boarding freight trains at the stations along
the Southern Pacific Railroad, go to Tucson or Yuma, and come back with whisky,
when they and their particular friends have something very similar to a white man's
"bum."
This riding on trains free of charge, and without a pass from the agent, is one of
the worst curses these Indians have. They not only go to the different towns and
buy liquor, but they sell their women along the railroad to low, degraded whites (and,
unfortunately, this country has a great many such), and some of this class that are
patrons in this traffic bear the honorable title of judge, colonel, or some other title
never earned. During the winter months I succeeded in getting this riding at will
stopped for the time, but I would not have succeeded then had not the officers of the
Southern Pacific Railroad concluded that they had best quarantine against the In-
dians, for fear the people living along their road and their own employes might, from
close contact, become contaminated with that loathsome and dreaded disease, small-
pox, which was raging in every village. And it was only by urging the danger of
spreading the disease that the managers of the road were induced to prohibit the In-
dians riding on trains during the continuance of the disease. No evil to the road re-
sulting through any displeasure of the Indians, the general manager agreed to stop
the Indian travel entirely, provided the honorable Secretary of the Interior would
lend his signature to the recommendation. I promptly forwarded it for that purpose,
but from some unknown cause it died in some of the archives at Washington ; at
least, it is dead to us, for the Indians are riding on trains more than ever. And this
summer, to my knowledge, there have been six killed when drunk by being knocked
off trains and run over. I have thought "seriously about suing the company for dam-
ages for loss of life, and see if that would not induce them to put a stop to it without
any recommendation or action by the Government. However, we want it understood
that for all the trouble that arises from this riding on trains at will, and for the lives
that are lost by it, the fault now lies at Washington, and not here.
During the past eight mouths we have assisted in sending eight men to the peni-
tentiary for selling whisky to Indians, their sentences running from six months with
$50 fine to two years with $50 fine. These are the first cases that have ever been dealt
with in any way in connection with the whisky traffic with these Indians. Three
men have been arrested and are now under bonds for their appearance at court charged
with selling stolen stock to and stealing stock from the Indians; and before this re-
port is read I am in hopes of seeing as many more looking from behind the bars for
committing such offenses.
This year we have raised plenty of hay for the agency animals, and plenty of veg-
etables for all at the agency, notwithstanding the high water in the spring washed
out our dam, filled our irrigating canal for a mile and a half, and took out a flume
across the little Gila. Tbe canal was dug out. The dam was rebuilt only to be
washed out by a second rise in the river. This was the highest water ever known in
this country, and before another crop can be raised the canal must be cleaned
again, the dam rebuilt, and funds sufficient to procure lumber to rebuild the flume
will have to be secured. The work must be done by Indians, ^hey receiving the pay
for it in tools and agricultural implements when authority is obtained.
A good police force at this agency cannot be retained at $5 per month. They are
not that kind of Indians. A good Pima or Pap ago can command a dollar a day, when
they work by the day, or he must work in his field to support his family, and if the
Government does not pay him enough to support his family, he cannot afford to be a
policeman. It seems to me that Congress is expecting more by far of an Indian
policeman than they would of a white man. Rather than take a lazy, trifling man,
that would not work in his field, 1 would rather do without a police force.
The agency boarding school is not what a boarding school should be, nor in my
opinion will it ever be so long as it is located at the agency, and where the children's
parents and friends can visit them every day, and where you are compelled to have
both males and females under the same roof day and night. It is no wonder that the
Indian mothers have a superstition about sending their girls to a boarding school.
White mothers would have the same feeling if they knew all the facts about the dif-
ferent boarding schools. I have made inquiry and find that other boarding schools
have the same trouble that we here have, that of keeping the boys and girls separated,
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN ARIZONA. 7
and keeping them from giving their clothing, bedding, and kitchen furniture to their
friends that come around the agency. If you punish a youth for these offenses he or
she will run away to their people, and you have no authority to force them back. It
has cost $6,000 to" carry on this boarding school the past year. If that amount was
expended for live or six day-schools, paying teachers a good salary, I think the In-
dians would receive more benefit, while the girls would be under the care of their
mothers at night. I am well aware that there are some enthusiastic " cranks " who
will say, "Oh, my! you should have watched them more closely, poor things!" And
to such I want to say, " Round up 75 or 100 fleas in your beautiful homes, and after
feeding them well let them out for exercise two or three times a day, and see if you can
keep track of all of them." After their experience in this direction for a few months
they will then have taken their first lesson and will know something about keeping
track of Indian children on a reservation. My objections do not extend to such
schools as those of Carlisle, Hampton, or Forest Grove, which are removed from agen-
cies and where the buildings are so arranged that the sexes may be kept apart, for of
such schools I am heartily in favor.
We would mention the Papagos more fully, but when we think of the reports that
agents — special agents and inspectors — have been sending in for the last eight or ten
years, and nothing as yet ever coming of them, we conclude that it is a waste of of-
fice material, and economy is the first thing an agent should learn. Therefore we
will content ourself by simply referring those who are interested in agents' reports or
in Papago Indians to our former report and those made by our predecessors, and
when the supply is exhausted the agent for the Papagos, if he is a man of energy,
will be equal to the emergency and have another in waiting.
* * •* * ** *
Respectfully submitted.
A. H. JACKSON,
United States Indian Agent.
The COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
SAN CARLOS AGENCY, ARIZONA, August 15, 1884.
SIR : I have the honor to submit to your consideration my second annual report.
For the first time in the history of this agency, a year of uninterrupted peace, free
from exciting rumors of threatened outbreak, has been realized. Reservation Indians,
who but a little more than a year ago were cause of serious alarm to the people of Ari-
zona and of anxious solicitude to the Government, are now walking in the paths of
peace, with a steady step and advancing rapidly to a condition of comparative civili-
zation. To discuss fully the causes that have led to this changed condition of affairs
would require more space than I can reasonably claim. If it is true, as asserted by
many, that the cause of Indian outbreaks may be traced to bad faith and injustice,
contentment and friendly relations with citizens should be accepted as evidence that
these incentives to hostility do not exist.
Since the date of my last report, substantial progress has been made. In December
of last year 596 cows and 23 bulls were purchased from the best herd of high-grade
cattle in Arizona. The present excellent condition of these cattle is sufficient evi-
dence of careful attention on the part of the Indians to whom they were issued, and
the great natural increase since the purchase was made fully establishes the fruitful-
ness of the cowrs. A careful investigation of several of the more convenient herds,
amounting in the aggregate to 600 cows, including about 400 of the purchase referred
to, discloses the fact that 70 per cent, of the number have calves by their sides, and
many others give evidence of an increase at an early day.
Early in January active operations were commenced in farming, and commendable
zeal was displayed by many of the Indians in the prosecution of the work. Under
the direction of the agency farmer new ditches were taken out, dams constructed and
repaired, fields cleared and plowed, and grain sowed. The quantity of land prepared
for cultivation was largely in excess of any previous year, and "the Indians were
stimulated with high hopes of success. In February and March unusually heavy
rains caused disastrous floods in the Gila and San Carlos Rivers, seriously damaging
many farms and entirely destroying others. The misfortune was quite disheartening
for a time, to the sufferers, but most of them set to work with renewed energy to re-
pair their losses. Every irrigating dam on the reservation had been destroyed, head-
gates were washed away and serious damage done to ditches. Fourteen new dams
have since been constructed across the San Carlos River, a stream averaging about
100 feet in width requiring dams 6 feet high ; and six across the Gila, whose deep
swift waters present at all times a formidable obstacle to work of the character
required. It is highly commendable of the energy and perseverance of the Apaches
8 REPORTS OF AGENTS IN ARIZONA.
that they succeeded, with no other constraint than the moral suasion employed by the
agency farmer and his assistant, in turning sufficient water upon their crops to supply
in most cases all needed irrigation.
The extent and efficiency of the work is shown in the bountiful harvest of barley
and wheat already completed, and in tbe numerous fields of growing corn, that
promise an abundant yield, together with a liberal supply of melons, pumpkins, &c.
The barley sold amounts to 370,000 pounds, for which they received $2.50 per 100
pounds, aggregating the handsome sum of $9,375. At least 25,000 pounds of barley is
still unsold, making a total yield of 400,000 pounds. The quantity of wheat raised
cannot be exactly arrived at as none of it has been sold, being held for home consump-
tion, but it may 'be sai'ely estimated to amount to 50,000 pounds. Of corn the agency
farmer estimates that about 250 acres have been planted, which may be fairly esti-
mated to produce 250,000 pounds. When we consider the fact that tbe agency farmer
has had no police force to assist him in bringing in the indolent, of whom there have
been many, to aid in the work, but has had to rely solely on the voluntary efforts of
the Indians to continuous labor in the fields, it becomes a matter of surprise that so
much has been accomplished. With the aid of an efficient police force under the con-
trol of an agency employe" in full sympathy with the agent, in his endeavor to compel
united action on the part of the Indians, it will be an easy matter to secure greatly
increased production during the next year.
That the Apaches at this agency can be made entirely self-sustaining at an early
period in the future,! have no doubt, but to accomplish this the divided authority
that has worked with so much friction during the past year must be discontinued and
the Indians taught to rely on the agent for instruction, and to render him cheerful
obedience. In my last annual report I called attention to the anomaly of a dual gov-
ernment as it then existed, and the experience of the past year only serves to con-
firm my judgment in that regard. In this connection I earnestly recommend that full
authority be restored to the agent to exercise police control of all the Indians depend-
ent on the agency fur supplies, and charged with the duty of keeping the peace on
the reservation, and preventing the Indians from leaving it except with his consent.
The Indians in the vicinity of the agency are well disposed and easily managed. The
presence of a military officer clothed with such power as is assumed by the captain
commanding at San Carlos under the agreement of July 7, 1863, and backed by a
strong military force, serves only to demoralize the Indians and deprive the agent of
an influence over them that is inseparable from successful management. I therefore
earnestly urge that the agreement above referred to, so far as it applies to the Indians
living peaceably near the agency, and conducting farming operations under the direc-
tions of the agent, be canceled, and that the lawful authority of the agent be re-
stored.
The question of the location of the Indians occupying this reservation within an
area easily accessible to the agent should be settled with as little delay as possible,
so that the different bands may have an allotment of land and be made to feel that
they possess a more secure title to their homes than is vested in the stronger as against
the weaker claimant. Of the 4,500 Indians (not including Chiricahuas) living on the
reservation, about 1,500 have withdrawn from the vicinity of the agfiicy and are lo-
cated in the hill country around Fort Apache and Cibicu, some 50 or 60 miles distant
from this point, where they are living under exclusive military government. If this
condition of affairs is to continue, a line should be drawn between these mountain
bands and those that have elected to remain at the agency, and such a policy adopted
and pursued by the Interior Department to wards the Indians it feeds and clothes, and
who are entirely peaceable and inclined to industry, as will inspire them with respect
for the agent and confidence in his ability to enforce it.
The coal fields near the southern line of the reservation continue to attract general
attention. Of their value little is yet known. If as extensive in area, and as val-
uable in quality as is claimed by their discoverers, and the sanguine speculators who
seek to possess them, every reasonable encouragement should be offered to capital-
ists who may desire to develop them. But if " there are millions in it" for the white
man whose property it is not, the claims of the Indians, whose it is, should be pro-
tected. To do this successfully it will be necessary to retain the present southern
boundary of the reservation, and continue Department jurisdiction over the territory
in which the work of mining may hereafter be conducted. A reasonable royalty
should, in my opinion, be exacted for all the coal taken out, and the proceeds applied
for the benefit of the Indians. To the plan of segregation urged by interested par-
ties, I am unalterably opposed. By such an act the Indians would be deprived of
whatever value may attach to property now admitted to be theirs ; the limits of the
reservation would be circumscribed so as to admit what may soon become a populous
community of whites in close proximity to the agency, with all the allurements of
vice so congenial to the Indian's taste, and which the agent would have no power to
prevent. Mr. Bannon, a commissioner appointed by the Hon. Secretary of the Iii-
rior, under a recent act of Congress, is now on the ground for the purpose of in-
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN CALIFORNIA.
vestigating the whole question, as to the extent and probable value of the coal de-
posit, and should be prepared when he has concluded his investigation to give all
needed information on a subject of which little has heretofore been known.
I have on former occasions opposed the establishment of a school at this agency,
on the ground that the Apaches should first be taught to labor. Having seen them
well advanced on the road of physical industry, I cheerfully recommend the organi-
zation of a school for boys only, at the earliest practicable period, and will give to
it my best efforts to insure success.
During the year four pupils have returned from Hampton school and are now living
on the reservation. Two of them, Tolma and Stagou, have enlisted as military scoutsr
and are serving in that capacity. Robert Mclntosh and William Roberts are now
employe's at the agency as interpreters. All but William Roberts have purchased
squaws and returned to the habits of their people. To be married to a squaw signi-
fies an abandonment of the refinements of civilization, though some of its customs
may still be cherished ; and in this regard these recent converts to Christianity, and
graduates of an excellent institution of learning, are no exception. Boys taken from
the tribe should remain at school until they have mastered the trades in which they
are instructed, so as to be able to construct, complete, whatever they undertake.
No Indian police force has been employed during the year, the service having been
performed by military scouts. I have but now commenced the organization of an
agency fore*1, and have full confidence in its efficiency to perform all the duties of
police among the Indians in the vicinity of the agency, which includes all on the
reservation, except those near Apache under military control. It is not improbable
that conflict will occur between the agency and military scouts if the latter are per-
mitted to remain in service at this place, as I have no power to control their move-
ments; but I cannot conceive the possibility of a long continuance of a policy so
injurious to the service as that now existing, which sustains two establishments for
the performance of one duty.
The health of the Indians has not been affected by any unusual conditions of sick-
ness; the ordinary diseases common to hot climates, miasmatic bottom lands, impure
water and unrestrained license in social life, have prevailed unaided in the work of
extermination.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
P. P. WILCOX,
United States Indian Agent*
The COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
HOOPA VALLEY AGENCY, CALIFORNIA,
August 1, 1884.
SIR : In compliance with your instructions of July 1, 1884, 1 have the honor to sub-
mit the following annual report of affairs at this agency :
The Indians on the Hoopa Valley Reservation have been, during the past year,
peaceful and well-behaved. Their relations with the white population have been
satisfactory. No new or violent quarrels have broken out among themselves. The
two homicidal quarrels, to which reference was made in my last annual report, have
been satisfactorily and peacefully adjusted according to their Indian laws and usages.
The influences of the medicine men are, I think, being to some extent diminished
or counteracted. Every possible effort by every available means has been made to
subserve that end. But whilst some improvement can in that respect be truthfully
reported, much yet remains to be accomplished. The weaknesses, prejudices, and
superstitions, by and upon which the Indian medicine men flourish, are of too long a
growth and are^too deeply rooted to be easily or speedily eradicated.
The morals of the adult Indians remain unchanged in their laxity. They are, how-
ever, far enough advanced in the process of civilization to pay a decent respect to
appearances.
The whisky traffic still continues. I have not heard of many cases of intoxication
among the Indians, but of course all drunkenness is studiously coucealed from my
observation. I hear of Indians having been drunk only when some deed of violence,
which could not be concealed, has been threatened or committed in and through their
drunkenness. A few Indians who were found drunk and quarrelsome were placed in
the guard-house at Fort Gaston, and compelled to work under charge of a sentinel.
This had a wholesome deterrent effect. It has at least caused drunken Indians to be
more circumspect and less demonstrative. Whilst I have good moral grounds for sus-
picion and belief as to where the whisky has been in most of these instances procured,
I have and can obtain no such legal and overwhelming proof as is needed for the con-
viction of the liquor dealers in the civil courts of the country. It is almost impracti-
cable to secure the testimony of Indians as to where they bought or procured whisky.
10 REPORTS OF AGENTS IN CALIFORNIA.
Even when secured and produced in court, Indian testimony, though acknowledged
to be competent, seems to have no weight against the unsupported denial of the
offending liquor seller.
The practical results of Indian education at this ageBcy are far from encouraging.
By practical results I mean such evidences of improvement in appearance, manners,
character, and conduct as it is the aim of all education to create and exhibit. Attend-
ance at the agency school has moderately increased, but the increase is largely, if not
solely, owing to the increased allowance of food granted to the school and to the
measures taken to enforce attendance. It certainly does not denote any increased
respect or enthusiasm for education on the part of either parents or pupils. This fact
is established beyond any peradventure by the other fact that any decrease in the
allowance of food or any relaxation in the measures adopted to enforce attendance is
invariably and immediately followed by a diminution in the number of attending
pupils. Were the food altogether withheld and the enforcing measures removed there
would be no pupils. I consider the continuation of a day school at the agency of ques-
tionable utility. I believe the money and material assistance now devoted to its support
would be more profitablydevoted to the maintenance of an industrial school somewhere
within the circle of civilization, where Indian children, separated from their families
and tribes, would be thoroughly instructed in useful industries suitable to their con-
dition in life ; where they would be surrounded by examples of industry and shown
its advantages; and where above all they would be taught to work and make their
own living, and the necessity of their doing so. At agency schools where the pupils
return every day to their Indian homes, and are subjected to the demoralizing tribal
and family influences, the teacher has to contend not only against the sluggishness
and indifference of the pupils, but also against the baneful examples of tribe and fam-
ily. It is scarcely remarkable that in face of such odds and difficulties mere theoret-
ical instruction fails to create healthy and lasting impressions. The duty of the Gov-
ernment is towards the children exclusively. The adult Indians are ' ' wedded to their
idols."
Clothing and annuity goods continue to be issued to the Indians in proportion to
the amount of work they have done for the reservation or in cultivating lands for
their own support. The children of age to attend school receive their clothing, &c.,
only from the school teacher. Exceptions to these rules are made in favor of the old
and infirm, and of those children who live at too great a distance from the school-
house. This course has been found to work well, although it has caused considerable
dissatisfaction, which still continues among the lazy and 'mendicant portion of the
tribe.
The acreage of laud cultivated by Indians for their own support has been increased.
Every encouragement and assistance possible have been afforded to those who are
found endeavoring, by the occupancy and cultivation of lands, to contribute some-
what to the support of themselves and their families.
On account of the ancient and everlasting family animosities, feuds, and vendet-
tas existing, it has been found impracticable to organize and introduce the system of
an Indian judiciary. For the same reason the organization and employment of an
Indian police force have not been further attempted. Fortunately, during the past
year there has been but little occasion for the services of either Indian judges or
police force.
Considerable time and attention were devoted during the year to the Indians living
•on the Klamath River Reservation. These Indians for upwards of twenty years have
been in the somewhat anomalous condition of being reservation Indians without having
received any of the benefits resulting therefrom. In that time they have neither asked
nor received any aid or assistance from the Government, and even now ask no favors
from it but the simple justice of being guaranteed legal possession of their present
homes, tenements, and possessions. Into making this application they were driven
by the white man's aggressions and his supercilious disregard of the Indian's rights.
Under your instructions allotments of lauds in severally on the reservation were
made in August, 1883. This work would have been completed in June, 1884, when I
visited the reservation for that purpose, but it was found impossible to proceed with-
out the field-notes of the survey, from which the General Land Office map furnished
for my guidance was compiled. There are grave doubts entertained by well-in-
formed parties as to said survey having ever been carefully and thoroughly made.
It is certain that many of the marks and stakes noted on the map cannot be discov-
ered, and that others 'of them are incorrect and misleading. The field-notes were
necessary to identify the marks, &c., to enable the allotments to be described with
accuracy, and to decide with certainty as to the genuineness and accuracy of the
survey. * The map itself is wrong in many places. For this reason the descriptions
of the allotments made and reported to you in August, 1883, are not to be depended
upon, and should be carefully revised before being submitted for Congressional ac-
tion. The troubles that would hereafter arise from any inaccuracies or errors in the
descriptions of Indian allotments cannot be overestimated or ignored. Nothing
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN CALIFORNIA. 11
further should, in my opinion, be done to complete the allotments in severalty until
the reservation itself has been accurately surveyed, marked, and mapped.
The condition of other Indians residing in villages along the Klaraath River, between
the Hoopa and Klamath River Reservations, is one to which the attention of the De-
partment is respectfully invited. Their present condition and the necessity of mak-
ing some provision for their future would eventually be brought forcibly into notice.
In numbers they are quite strong. They are under no control whatsoever. They are
well armed. They are civilized only to the extent of having adopted the clothing
and all the worst vices of the white man. They are but indifferently well-disposed
to the latter. They are evidently not too abundantly supplied with this world's
goods. They work occasionally for white men, but sustain themselves generally by
hunting and fishing. They are in general sullen and suspicious. Any sudden change
in their condition or prospects might make them aggressively hostile. A great change
in their condition and prospects, both as regards their homes and fish, may incidentally
be occasioned by the abandonment of the reservation at the mouth of the Klamath,
and by the influx of white men thereby occasioned. Should the salmon-run on the
Upper Klamath be sensibly diminished by the fisheries at its mouth, and should white
men, disappointed, as they will be, with the resources of the abandoned reservation,
crowd into the adjoining lands, these Indians may become discontented to the extent
of taking to the war-path. Their prospects, just at present, point clearly to gradual
extermination or extinction, which, rapid enough through natural causes, disease,
and their eternal vendettas, would be greatly accelerated by any reduction in their
staple supply of food and by the aggressions of numerous white intruders. Of course
the Indians themselves will before long realize their situation and the prospects, to
Avhich they are not civilized enough to submit without more or less of a struggle. I
would recommend as an initiatory measure that an accurate and comprehensive cen-
sus be made of these Indians, their resources, and possessions.
At various times during the past year investigations have been made of claims pre-
sented by citizens of this section of the country against the United States, for com-
pensation for damages and depredations alleged to have been committed by Indians
from 1860 to 1865. A separate report of each investigation was furnished your office
according to instructions. These investigations, though they pccupied considerable
time and occasioned considerable trouble, were made under such disadvantages as to
be very unsatisfactory and, in my opinion, of little value. In the first place I had no
power to compel, and no funds to pay for, the attendance of witnesses for the United
States, even had any such been procurable. Neither could I afford, had I wished, to
do detective work in hunting up such witnesses. People will not voluntarily come,
forward to testify against the interests of their neighbors and on behalf of the United
States. In the second place, so long a time has elapsed since the depredations were
committed that it is not remarkable if the then residents of the country, other than
those immediately interested, should, as they say, actually retain but vague and in-
distinct recollections of particulars. It follows that my investigations were confined
to the cross-examination of the claimants and their affiants, to ascertaining their gen-
eral reputation for integrity and credibility, and the reasonableness of the prices
charged — time and place considered. No testimony could be adduced to controvert
their statements, and practically only the claimants' side of the controversy was con-
sidered. I was accordingly obliged in every instance to form my conclusions and to
make my recommendations from what may have been a mere plausible presentation
of proof on the part of the claimant, and upon testimony and an ex-parte hearing that
did not exhibit any countervailing evidence. NAs a means to an end, so defective a
method of investigation must prove ineffectual, and is practically useless.
The agency farm has been moderately successful notwithstanding an unusual and
rather backward season. Unexpected and unusual rains in June ruined a part of the
hay crop. The yield of wheatis believed to beatleastequaltotheprevailingstandard.
The acreage in cultivation by the Government on the reservation is not equal to that
of former years, for the reason that there were not enough public animals available
at the plowing season. The horse-power estimated for not having been received, and
the one on hand being unfit for use, old, ricketty, and worn out, the wheat and oat
jcrop must remain stacked in the fields for some time, and thereby run great danger of
being damaged and spoiled by the early fall rains. The animals recently purchased
for the agency were very much needed, and will be of great assistance.
The conduct of the agency employe's has been very good. They have attended strictly
and successfully to their business, and have managed the Indian laborers with tact
and good judgment. It is very much to be regretted that the limited appropriations
for the Indian service do not admit of their salaries being placed on a level with those
prevailing in* other branches of the Government service. The salary of the agency
laborer is ridiculously low considering the responsible and onerous nature of his duties
and the standard of wages prevailing for similar services in the surrounding country.
It is greatly to- the interests of the Government to retain faithful and experienced
12 REPORTS OF AGENTS IN CALIFORNIA.
employes at the agency. The experiment of paid Indian apprentices did not work
sufficiently well at this agency to justify its continuation.
The public buildings at the agency, dwelling-houses, store-rooms, barns, and stables,
are in a very dilapidated and wretched condition. No money or material can be pro-
cured for their repair, renovation, or reconstruction under existing circumstances
without infringing upon the amounts allotted for other equally indispensable pur-
poses. This is extremely bad policy. Buildings will deteriorate. In a few years-
some of the buildings at this agency, which might now with a comparatively trifling
expenditure of money be improved, repaired, and renovated, will tumble down,,
which will render the building of new ones to replace them absolutely necessary, at
great expanse. A very moderate estimate of money, materials, &c., required for the
construction of new and repairs of old buildings at this agency has been submitted..
An office, a store-room, and two new barns and stables are absolutely indispensable.
For an office and a store-room the agency is indebted to the military authorities at
Fort Gaston. Extensive repairs and renovations are necessary in the houses occupied
by the agency physician and farmer, so as to make said houses comfortable and suit-
able for the occupancy of civilized beings. It cannot be the wishes or intentions of
the Government to have its employe's on the remote frontier live in tenements which
would in the East be considered unfit for stables. Neither can the Government expect
its employe's, out of their small salaries, to spend money to keep public buildings in
proper repair and in a habitable condition. The barns and stables which are to be re-
placed will soon tumble down of their own accord. Lumber is being now got out
and prepared for the construction of a suitable store-room at the agency.
Very respectfully,
CHARLES PORTER,
Captain, U. S. A., Acting United States Indian Agent.
The COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
MISSION AGENCY,
San Bernardino, CaL, August 22, 1884.
have
the honor to submit the annual report for the last fiscal year. The Mission Indiana
of Southern California comprise four tribes. Their number, as enumerated by this
agency in 1880, was as follows: Serrano. 381 ; Coahuilla, 778; San Luis Rey, 1,120;
and Dieguenos, 731 ; total, 3,010. No official enumeration has been made since that
date, but it is estimated that the total number has slightly increased.
THEIR LOCATION.
At least two-thirds of the whole number live in San Diego County, nearly all the
remainder in the county of San Bernardino, and a small number in Los Angeles
County. They live in about twenty villages, generally on reservations, the nearest
being about 30 miles and the farthest about 120 miles, by the roads, from this office.
CIVILIZATION.
Most of the older Indians were formerly connected with the California Mission
churches, and then lived in state of civilization. Those missions were broken up
about thirty-five years ago. After that the Indians returned to the mountains and
deserts, and lost much of the civilization so obtained, which our Government has, how-
ever, restored to the old; but the remainder of them have become more civilized than
the old. Most of them are Catholics. Besides Indian many of them speak Spanish,
and about, perhaps, one in fifty speaks English. Most of the men labor in the pur-
suits of civilization, scarcely any depend upon hunting or fishing for support, and
about all wear the costumes of civilized people.
T:TKIR CHARACTER.
They are peaceable and honebt \\ith but few exceptions. The young are generally
ambitious and quick to learn, but not ambitious to provide for the future. They are
much superior in appearance and intelligence to the other California tribes. They
have little self-reliance, very subdued in manner, like people who had been accus-
tomed to bondage or other great wrongs, and the younger portion are very timid.
These Indians show no disposition to resist the policy of the Government, which they
are always anxious to know, and although sometimes not acting upon what is given
as advice, yet always respecting the orders of the Government.
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN CALIFORNIA. 13
RESERVATIONS.
These Indians have about twenty reservations, which include most of their villages,
but several of these villages are within the boundaries of Mexican grants, for which
patents have been issued by our Government, which contain no exceptions in favor
of the Indians living upon them, but all, or nearly all such grants, contained provisos
in favor of such Indians.
One of the grant-holders, about six months since, commenced an ejectment case
against about 100 Indians who reside in their village, called San Jacinto. The special
counsel employed by the Government to defend the rights of the Indians in such land
cases have engaged in the defense, but the case has not been pressed on either side.
In the mean time the Indian defendants remain in peaceable possession, and the
plaintiff by filing his complaint has prevented the bar of the statute of limitations.
Similar complaints will likely be filed against the other Indians living in villages on
such grants during this year to prevent the bar of that statute.
The number of acres in all the reservations can be stated only approximately, as
all lands the title to which had passed from the Government were excepted. Former
annual reports state the aggregate at 152,960 acres, and another small reservation
has since been made. Most of the lands reserved are in the granted limits of the'
Southern Pacific Railroad. It seems evident that the estimate was made by exclud-
ing from the unsurveyed laud in those limits all of what would be odd-numbered
sections (railroad land) if surveyed, treating all such lands as in a state of reserva-
tion. It is safe to say that the total would exceed 200,000 acres. Nine-tenths of this is
practically worthless, rough mountain and desert land; half of the remainder is good
land, having sufficient water and timber, and the remainder would be valuable if
water should be brought upon it ; otherwise it is^ worthless.
AGRICULTURE.
The Indians have not the capital or the enterprise to bring water on such lands.
They are therefore useless to them now, and would likely continue so, at least until
the next generation. At present they do not cultivate an average of one acre in one
hundred of the lands reserved for them Their cultivation is usually confined to a few
fields from one to two acres each, which are connected with their villages.
During the year two more wagons, making now seven in all, and eight large
plows, with the proper harness, were furnished by the Government, which have had
a good effect, and as it seems probable that the number of wagons, plows, and other
agricultural implements requested for this year will be allowed, these will largely in-
crease the number on haud, and the Indians will likely now engage more extensively
in agriculture ; yet they will generally, as heretofore, depend mainly upon employ-
ment by the whites, in which they usually receive good wages. However it may be
elsewhere, here the proximity of the whites, as a rule, is advantageous to the In-
dians. Every honest, intelligent farmer near them is usually their friend, and in
some degree their teacher. The bad whites among these Indians are in a small mi-
nority.
It may be suggested that their village sites on Government lands should be patented
to the Indian bands who live in them, the same as town sites are patented for the
whites who possess them, but, as to the Indians, with the usual restrictions against
alienation. And Indians who desire to engage in agriculture outside of their villages
should be allowed a reasonable time to select their homesteads on the reservations, as
well as outside, under the act of the last session of Congress on that subject. It seems
clear that it is only a question of time when the reservation system in Southern Cali-
fornia will give place to Indian homesteads, and the sooner such homesteads can be
secured the better it will be for the Indians as well as for the whites. In this view
I shall try to have them take homesteads under the act referred to, and on their
reservations, unless instructed to the contrary, as there is very little land left out-
side these reservations that would be suitable for the Indian "homesteads. Unless
such homesteads can be taken on the reservation, the recent act would not likely
benefit these Indians. I would suggest that all the existing Executive orders making re-
serves for these Indians should be so modified as to expressly permit the Indians to take
homesteads, and thus obtain title in severalty on the reservations, in all cases where
no other Indian lives upon or has improvements on the laud so applied for. There
are iiumerout tracts of such lands upon the reservations, and but few outside of them,
and these few so far apart that the Indians would not desire them for that reason.
They dislike to reside outside of their villages, and in taking hftmesteads would seek
to keep as near together as possible.
Furnishing liquor to Indians has been, and still is, the main obstacle to the civil-
ization of that part of these Indians who indulge in intoxicating liquors, but a large
proportion of them do not so indulge, and this proportion is evidently increasing.
14 KEPORTS OF AGENTS IN CALIFORNIA.
Indian drunkenness is decreasing, owing in part to a better public sentiment, and
in part to the successful prosecution, mainly in the local courts, under the State law,
of those furnishing such liquors to these Indians in the past year. In this the agent
had the co-operation of the local officers and juries and the aid of public sentiment,
which were not formerly given, us it seems from the official reports that no convic-
tion could be obtained (formerly) in The local courts. There were about fifteen con-
victions in this county alone in the last half of the year, with punishment averaging
as high as that which was assessed in similar cases in the United States court, in
which the cost to the Government was large, while the local prosecution was with-
out such cost. Yet there are a few of the more serious offenses against saloon-keep-
ers, and those repeatedly convicted in the local courts, which have to be prosecuted
in the United States court at Sau Francisco, under the United States law, which pre-
scribes a higher maximum penalty for such offenses than is prescribed by the State
law. Such were about the only offenses by the whites against the Indians, except
some trespasses upon the reservations.
I learn of very few offenses by the Indians against the whites, and these only of a
trivial nature. Their offenses against each other have not been numerous, and were
usually settled by their own tribunals; but the time has come when all such offenses
should be subject to the jurisdiction of the State courts. The "rules governing the
court of Indian offenses" have never been acted upon in this agency.
SANITARY.
There has been no epidemic among these Indians for several years, and their sani-
tary condition continues to improve ; still among 3,010 Indians the necessity for a
hospital for their sick is always apparent. No such provision has yet been made.
The longevity of the Mission Indians is almost incredible. If what seems to be re-
liable data is such, they have the longest-lived people in the world; nearly 1 per cent,
of them appear to be over one hundred years old. The most important event of the
year to the Indians was the death of their oldest chief, Cabezou, a captain and chief
among them for over one hundred years, and lived, as generally believed, to be one
hundred and forty years old.
EDUCATION.
There were six day schools under this agency in the latter part of the year, a new
school having been started April 1 at Rincon, where it was very much needed, as will
be noticed by the large attendance there. The attendance at the schools generally
was good until the remarkably heavy rains of the last rainy season caused the fall of
two of the school-houses. Authority was granted during the last quarter to rebuild
the fallen school-houses and to build three new ones, but the funds for those purposes
were not received until the last day of the year, and were therefore not available in
time. These authorities have all been renewed for this year, and material is now
being prepared for all five of the new buildings. When completed two additional
teachers will be employed, and there will then be eight schools under the supervision
of this agency.
The boarding and day school started at San Diego the 1st of last March suspended
after two months for want of pupils, the Indian parents not being willing that their
children should go so far away from their homes. The advice of the agent, given as
instructed by the Department, failed to make them willing. Nothing less than a per-
emptory order would avail. Yet such training schools are more needed than any of
the day schools. To have the benefit of them it seems now that the children must
either be removed to such schools at a great distance, or those schools must be estab-
lished so near the Indian villages that the children will feel at home, as now in at-
tending day schools. Although the Indians object to sending their children away,
yet they evidently prefer such schools if located at or near their villages. Every
day's experience confirms the view that above all other kinds of instruction these
Indians need most to be taught to speak our language and such useful occupations
as will enable them to provide for themselves.
The missionary work performed during the year was by the school teachers, with occa-
sional, but few, church services by the Catholics. In view of the wrongs that these
Indians suffered in the years past, they are evidently now more impressed with the
religion of good works than of good professions. In later years their condition has
been much improved in every respect. The teachers arid other employ 6s have gen-
erally performed their duties intelligently and faithfully, and have therefore been
generally retained. •
CITIZENSHIP.
Many of these Indians are of right citizens, although not yet recognized as such,
for the laws of Mexico made no distinction among races as to citizenship. The Indians
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN CALIFORNIA. 15
who were in a condition of civilization when the treaty of 1848 was made were citi-
zens of Mexico, and are, by the terms of that treaty, now citizens of the United States.
The progress made in the last few years indicates that the Mission Indians generally
will before long become a part of the people of this State having and exercising the
rights of citizenship.
The annual statistics are forwarded herewith.
With acknowledgments for numerous courtesies received from the Department, I
remain, verv respectfully, your obedient servant,
J. G. McCALLUM,
United States Indian Agent.
The COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
ROUND VALLEY AGENCY,
Covelo, Cal., September 10, 1884.
SIR: I have the honor herewith to submit my seventh annual report for this
agency.
Our lands, as I reported last year, "are still occupied by settlers and trespassers to
such an extent as greatly to cripple our industries' and discourage the Indians in their
advance towards civilization."
During the past year the Supreme Court dismissed the appeal concerning the swamp
and other lands, thus confirming the title of the settlers to 1,080 acres of the best
valley land, and lying in such separated lots as to cut up our fields badly and deprive
the Indians of a large part of their agricultural lauds.
POPULATION.
There were 599 Indians who received issues during the past quarter, and 635 during
the fourth quarter of 1883. There have been 23 deaths and 29 births. For the first
time in the history of this agency, the births exceed the deaths, showing a gradual im-
provement.
AGRICULTURE.
As stated in former reports, it is impossible to give the Indians sufficient lands to
raise all crops, on account of the occupancy of said lands by others under the shadow
of law ; yet all are furnished with sufficient land for gardens, and are required to
raise their own vegetables, &c.
Many of them raise more than they need for their own use, and sell the surplus to
others. Some have fields of grain, wheat, barley, and oats, but most of the cereals
are raised by a " community of interest," i. e., all able-bodied Indians are required to
assist in the raising of these general crops for the benefit of the wht)le. The Indians
are not paid wages for the work, but receive their rations of beef and flour, with
such clothing as they need.
PRODUCTIONS.
The estimated productions for the year are as follows: For the general supply,
6,000 bushels of wheat, 4,500 bushels of oats, 3,000 bushels of barley, 1,250 bushels of
corn, and 400 tons of hay; by the Indians for themselves, 1,000 bushels of wheat,
1,000 bushels of oats, 500 'bushels of barley, and 80 tons of hay.
Six lots of hops were raised by the Indians, amounting to 6,139 pounds, which sold
for $1,037.69, besides expenses of sale. This year the product of the agency field will
probably be 28,000 pounds, and the Indians 20,000 pounds. They will also have about
500 bushels of corn, 1,200 bushels of potatoes, 5,000 pumpkins, 10,000 melons, 100 bush-
els of onions, 200 bushels of beans, and 50 bushels of turnips. The orchards are loaded
down with apples.
STOCK.
There are 66 horses and mares, one-third of which are unserviceable on account of
age and hard service. Of cattle we have 418, mostly cows and young stock. We
have 10 yoke of cattle, used at the saw-mill and on the ranch. There are 334 hogs,
old and young. The increase in stock has been 3 horse and 1 mule colts, 131 calves,
146 pigs.
MILLS.
The grist-mill has ground 214,010 pounds of grain for the agency, 11,724 pounds
for the Indians, and 208,315 pounds for citizens, which has yielded a revenue to the
16 REPORTS OF AGENTS IN CALIFORNIA.
agency about sufficient to pay the miller's salary. The saw-mill has cut 278,000 feet
of lumber. Much more could be cut if we had funds to pay running expenses, which
we could easily obtain if permitted to sell lumber sufficient therefor.
APPRENTICES.
Apprentices have worked at the various trades, carpentering, blacksmithing, mill-
ing, herding, and office work, and have made some progress.
FINANCIAL.
The agency pays most of its own workmen (all except physician, clerk, and teach-
ers) out of funds raised on the reservation or miscellaneous funds, Class II, and if the
reservation could be cleared of all settlers and trespassers, could in few years be fully
self-supporting.
SANITARY CONDITION.
The sanitary condition of the Indians is still improving, as shown by the excess of
births over deaths the past year. There is still room for great improvement.
EDUCATIONAL.
During July of last year our boarding-school buildings were burned, and thus we
were thrown back to our old day school, with a few boarders whom we wished to keep
from the camps. It is our experience that but little progress can be made in their
education while they are allowed to run in the camp, subject to the taunts and jeers
of the old and the contaminations of the younger and middle aged. There is an in-
creasing desire for education, but most parents are averse to sending their children
away to school.
MISSIONARY WORK.
No missionary was sent to this people last year, and yet regular services have been
maintained most of the year by the agent and employes. It is to be hoped that the
church will send a good missionary who will care for the souls of this people.
CIVILIZATION.
Could these Indians have their lands in severalty, they would (most of them) gladly
undertake to support themselves, with a little assistance in the way of stock and im-
provements. They already do a large share of the work that is done for the people of
this vicinity, and, with the exception of skilled labor in the trades, are capable of
doing most ordinary work under supervision, and some without.
Intoxicants are their bane. They will spend their '• money for that which is not
bread." I have only been able to get evidence against one liquor seller, whose case is
now before the United States district court. By a decision of the superior judge of
this county all Indians, except those under the care of an agent of the United States,
are citizens of the United States, and entitled to purchase liquor or anything any other
-citizens can purchase, and having the liberty to purchase gives the liquor seller the
right to sell to them. This decision is working terrible results in this county.
COURT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
The court of Indian affairs was duly organized and has had a salutary effect upon
the Indians of the agency, but needs to be supplemented by a good police.
FINAL.
This will be my last annual report, as I tendered my resignation the 1st day of May
last, being unwilling longer to submit myself to the annoyances subject to this posi-
tion. I have tried to serve the Government and the Indians for seven years to the
best of my ability. Conscious that I have made mistakes, and have not done as well
•as others might, yet I have done the best I could under the circumstances.
With many thanks for the kind treatment I have received from your office, and
with my best wishes for the prosperity and true civilization of this people, I have the
ihonor to remain, most respectfully, your obedient servant,
H. B. SHELDON,
United States Indian Agent.
The COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN CALIFORNIA. 17
TULE RIVER AGENCY, CALIFORNIA,
August 12, 1884.
SIR: I have the honor herewith to submit my ninth annual report for this agency.
There are within a radius of about 75 miles of this reserve some 600 or 700 Indians,
all of whom could at an early day have been gathered on one reservation. While this
might have incurred greater expense, it certainly would have been more humane and
becoming a wise and Christian Government. This agency was not located until after
the more desirable lands were occupied by whites ; consequently could be nothing but
a poor selection. Although it embraces an area of more than 75 square miles, only
about 250 acres can be utilized for agricultural purposes. Quite a large portion of it
is second-class grazing land, and about one-half entirely worthless.
The Indians, numbering 315 eight years ago, have decreased by death and removal
until now there are only 143 on the census roll. We frequently have almost twice
this number, but not as permanent residents. I have tried to discourage visiting
both among my own Indians and those of the surrounding country; still I am fre-
quently annoyed by the visits of dissolute characters who seem to have no permanent
dwelling place.
Notwithstanding the embarrassment of a rocky and sterile reservation, these In-
dians have been gradually advancing, so that now many of their homes will compare
favorably with their white neighbors. They all occupy board houses, and have their
tillable land fenced, while some of them have, vineyards and orchards, with sufficient
fruit for their families.
AGRICULTURE.
The past season has been an exception to all the years of the last decade. During
the spring and early summer we had so much rain that some of our grain land was
rendered almost worthless. In fact, nearly all of the grain was so overrun with weeds
and grass that it was only suitable for hay. Some of the crops have been gathered
and some I will have to estimate. The yield will be about as follows: 200 bushels
wheat, 200 bushels corn, 100 bushels potatoes. 20 bushels onions, 200 bushels beans,
20 tons melons, 20 tons pumpkins, and 50 tons hay. The agency farm, used exclu-
sively to produce forage for Government teams, yielded 30 tons hay. With our mild
winters, the supply of forage is abundantly ample.
EDUCATION.
During the last fiscal year there has been a day school eight and one-half months.
The average daily attendance during that time was 15-J. The largest attendance
was daring the months of October, November, and December, averaging 20. While
this is an exceedingly difficult field, in connection with agency work on this reser-
vation, I am satisfied it can be made a success. The school closed the 15th of March,
with an average daily attendance for that fractional month of only six pupils. We
know this is not a very " creditable showing," but there were very peculiar circum-
stances, not necessary now to explain, contributing to this result, which we hope in
the future to avoid. We purpose opening the school again the first of next month.
MISSIONARY.
As stated in a previous report, all of the missionary work performed for the benefit
of these Indians has been by the agent and employe's, except an occasional visit of a
Catholic priest. No class of persons are so hard to influence morally as those who
think they are good enough already. That is precisely the condition of these In-
dians. By the example they have in the Mexican population of this country, they are
led to believe that drunkenness is not incompatible with high Christian profession.
This is their great weakness.
INDIAN INDUSTRY.
The most of these Indians are industrious; some of them are good models for their
white neighbors. Every year I can discover more of an inclination toward industrial
habits. Nearly all of the able-bodied Indians of the agency have for a month past
been working in the harvest iields of the adjacent settlements for $2 per day.
The stock which was issued to them last year will in a short time contribute greatly
to their support ; that is, if they are not compelled to kill it to supply their imme-
diate wants. I hope the Government will supply them with beef for a few more
years, so that they will not be temped in that direction.
4266 IND- 2
18 REPORT OF AGENT IN COLORADO.
SANITARY.
I can see a marked improvement in their sanitary condition over that of my first
acquaintance with them, eight years since. Early marriages, insisted upon by the
Catholic priest, though it has somewhat interfered with the interest of the school, has
no doiibt contributed to their sanitary benefit. To the credit of these Indians, it
must be said no half-breed or illegitimate child can be found among them under ten
years of age.
CIVILIZATION.
All that can truthfully be said upon this topic has perhaps been anticipated in the
foregoing statements, and yet I wish to add that the results growing out of the " rules
governing the court of Ind\an offenses" have been most salutary in begetting a con-
viction that any aberration, however trivial, is likely to be noticed, and that a per-
fectly upright, honest course is the only guarantee to true civilization.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
C. G. BELKNAP,
United States Indian Agent.
The COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AGENTS.
SOUTHERN UTE AGENCY, COLORADO,
August 25, 1884.
SIR : I have the honor to submit my third annual report of the condition of affairs at
this agency.
INDIANS.
The Southern Utes number 991. The reservation is situated in Southwestern Colo-
rado, and embraces a strip of country 15 by 120 miles, well watered, and is well
adapted for grazing purposes.
STOCK RAISING.
in the way of horses, is quite extensively carried on by some of the Indians. All have
more or less. They take great pride in accumulating numbers. They take to sheep
raising very well. However, the last year's results of this industry have been dis-
couraging, but I do not nor cannot blame the Indians for their actions. In May,
1883, the Department furnished them with 4,800 ewes. They were well pleased with
the gift, and showed marked interest in caring for them, but, owing to the limited
supply of provisions fur ished them, they were compelled to subsist on the sheep or
starve. They preferred the former, and the result is that not more than 1,500 of the
sheep are now left.
AGRICULTURE.
This is the first time in the history of this agency that the agent could say any-
thing on this subject. These Indians have always opposed any movement which was
made in this direction until last spring, when I succeeded in getting four of the head
men to engage in farming on a small scale. Their number was increased by volunteers
until now there are some 15 Indians interested in farming. There -are only four farms
opened, but this is sufficient for the present year. They have 50 acres of wheat, 40
acres of oats, and 8 acres of potatoes. The prospects for a good crop is very gratify-
ing. The wheat is estimated at 30 bushels per acre (1,500 bushels) ; oats at 40 bushels
per acre (1,600 bushels) ; a large yield of potatoes is a certainty. It is my opinion that
with proper assistance there can be at least 50 Indians farming next year.
WHISKY TRAFFIC.
This is carried on with the Indians, in violation of law, by certain white men in
Durango, to such an extent that at times the situation becomes alarming. On one oc-
casion this summer there were about 35 drunken Indians at the agency. Owing to the
fact that I have no guard-house or place of confinement, they all went unpunished.
REPORT OF AGENT IN COLORADO. 19
POLICE.
This branch of the service at this agency may be called a failure; not but what
there is good material here for Indian police, but because they have no accommo-
dations whatever at the agency. Could suitable quarters be provided, and a full
ration be issued, which would insure their presence here at all times, discipline could
be established and they would doubtless become efficient and be of great service to
the agent.
EDUCATION.
Out of the 27 children sent to Albuquerque Indian school in May, 1883, 3 of that
number have died from sickness. The remaining 24 are making satisfactory progress.
I am authorized to build aschool-hous* here, with a view of establishing a day-school.
This I consider a premature move, as I am certain it will be next to impossible to
secure an attendance. My idea of educating an Indian is to learn him to work and
earn his own living. By doing this he becomes located ; you will know where to find
him. Yon could take his children into a day-school then with some certainty of hav-
ing a regular attendance. With the present condition of afi'airs I consider the estab-
lishment of a day-school will be a failure.
DEPREDATIONS.
Under this head there is a question whether these Indians are guilty or not. Dur-
ing the month of July there was an attack made on Indians by cattle-men about 20
miles west of the reservation line, the cattle-men clain ing the Indians to be Southern
TJtes and having a large number of their horses. The Utes deny the statement, and
say the thieves are renegade Indians, that belong to no agency, of which class of In-
dians about 400 Jive in Utah. However, it would not be surprising if some of the
renegades belonging to this agency (of which there are always more or less in any
tribe) were engaged in the trouble referred to.
SUPPLIES.
The supplies furnished last year were largely deficient for the number of Indians
who received rations. I have 991 Indians on this reservation. About 800 receive ra-
tions every week; the remaining 200 frequent the agency seldom, except to receive
cash annuities or clothing. This visit is made about twice a year. For these 800 In-
diansduringlastyear I was furnished 75,000 poundsof flour, 100,000 pounds of beef, 200
pounds of coffee, and 3,500 poundsof sugar, and am expected to keep them on a reser-
vation where no game to speak of exists. The fact is simply this : it is impossible to
keep starving Indians on a reservation when they can go into the mountains but a
few miles and get plenty of game to subsist on. They will either do that or kill cattle,
which graze on the reservation by the thousand, and the Indians receive no benefit
for the same. The Indians say that before they sent their children to school and
commenced farming they had plenty to eat. I consider the present action on the
part of the Government a reward for depredations. Why ? Because as soon as an
Indian shows a disposition to become civilized the Government cuts off his rations,
and he must either steal or starve.
LEASING LAND.
Last October these Indians leased a portion of their reservation to Mr. Edward
Wheeler, of Fort Lewis, Colo., for grazing purposes, subject to the action of the
Department, and were to receive $10,000 per year in advance for the privilege. This
amount of money equally divided among the Indians, as it would have been had the
lease been approved, would have gone far towards their support. The Department
refused to recognize any agreement of this kind, and of course it went by default.
At the same time there is, and has been since the establishment of this agency, cattle
grazing on the reservation, for which the Indians receive no benefit.
AGENCY BUILDINGS.
This part of my report has been referred to sp often and by so many different in-
spectors, &c., I deem it hardly necessary to make mention of the situation. However,
I will say that the buildings for the storage of supplies and the accommodation of
the agent and his employe's consist of two old log buildings, which are insufficient
for accommodation and comfort of agent and employe's and unsafe for the protection
of supplies. The dwelling-house is overrun with vermin. After repeated efforts I
20
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN DAKOTA.
have been unable to renovate it. Special Agent Lueders and Inspector Gardner have
both reported the situation to the Department. I was informed that if I would make
a detailed statement of what was necessary action would be taken to remedy the
evil. This I did last January, and since that time I have not heard from the Depart-
ment on the subject. By another year the agent will be compelled to vacate the
house, for reasons already stated. I inclose herewith statistical report.
Very respectfully,
WARREN PATTEN,
United States Indian Agent.
The COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
CHEYENNE RIVER AGENCY, DAKOTA TERRITORY,
August 20, 1884.
SIR : In compliance with instructions contained in circular letter from the Office of
Indian Affairs under date of July 1, 1884, I have the honor to submit herewith my
annual report for 1884.
TRIBES AND POPULATION.
The Indians of this agency, comprising 753 families, aggregating 3,144 persons, are
composed of the Blackfeet, Sans Arc, Minneconjou, and Two Kettle bands of Sioux,
and are classified respectively as follows, which classification embraces the number
of children of school-going ages, tabulated in accordance with the recent provision of
Congress :
Name of band.
Number
of fam-
ilies.
Men.
Women.
School children be-
tween 6 and 16
years old.
Children under 6
years old.
Total.
Male.
Female.
Male.
Fema e .
Blackfeet
52
200
325
176
51
214
357
190
71
273
456
273
36
105
190
115
40
108
212
91
10
41
85
44
16
47
82
37
224
788
1 382
750
Sans Arc
Minneconjou
Two Kettle
Total
753
812
1,073
446
451
180
182
3,144
AGRICULTURE.
The Indians of this agency are evincing a rapid and remarkably encouraging ad-
vancement in agricultural and civilized pursuits. Notwithstanding the grass is very
thin and scarce this season, they have cut and stacked about 1,800 tons of hay for use
of their stock during the coming winter. Corn, potatoes, turnips, onions, beans, and
melons have been raised by them during the season with fair success. A large ma-
jority of them are cultivating claims and fields comprising from 1 to 15 acres, part
of which is fenced and nearly^ all of which is in excellent condition.
The«mall farm of 8 acres attached to the boys boarding and industrial school has
been cultivated by the older pupils, under the supervision of the agency farmer and
other employe's, with fair success. They have raised thereon this season corn, pota-
toes, turnips, beans, melons, and pumpkins. The large area of ground occupied by
this agency, stretching from Antelope Creek on the south to the Moreau River on the
north, a distance of about 150 miles, and west from the Missouri River about 125
miles, requires more attention on the part of instructors for the Indians in the method
of farming and agricultural pursuits than the limited number of employe's allowed me
by the Government will admit. The employment of Indian district farmers, now au-
thorized for the coming year, .will materially advance the interests of Indian farmers,
but practical white men engaged for this purpose would be much more advanta-
geous to the Indian and satisfactory in its results.
SANITARY.
The general health of the Indians has been good and there has not been any epi-
demic among them during the year. During part of the past winter measles prevailed
endemically in the boys' boarding and industrial school, and in the Saint John's
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN DAKOTA. lil
boarding school for girls, near the agency, but all the cases were of a very mild nature.
Simple meningitis was observed in one or two camps last summer and the disease is
making its appearance again at the date of this report. The cases treated by the
agency physician have all recovered, but every one of them followed an essentially
chronic course. The total number ot cases treated during the year has been 1,725 ;
number of births, 123 ; number of deaths, 72. Consumption and scrofula, as in years
past, have prevailed largely among these Indians. Eye affections and eczema have
been particularly prevalent. Bronchitis in its acute and chronic forms occupies a
prominent place during the winter and early spring months.
But little success can attend the treatment of these diseases in the habitations'of
the Indian. What is needed at this agency is a suitable hospital, properly constructed
and liberally supplied, wherein can be treated these cases and others so sadly in need
of hospital accommodations. It is believed that a sum of money sufficient to con-
struct and equip a hospital of twenty beds could not be otherwise better expended at
this agency.
INDIAN POLICE.
The police force now consists of one captain, one lientenant, four sergeants, and
sixteen privates, selected from the various bands located through the length of the
agency reservation. They are active, vigilant, and prompt in the exercise of their
position in maintaining order throughout the different Indian camps and in the pro-
tection of the interests of the Government in many ways. They realize fully their
responsibility, merit the consideration and kind attention of the Government, and
should be much better recompensed for their services than the small pittance of $5
per month now allowed them.
A police headquarters and guard-house is greatly needed at this agency for the bet-
ter protection of Government property and punishment of disobedient Indians, in
order to secure enforcement of Departmental and agency orders, and I sincerely trust
that I may be authorized to erect the same at an early date.
TRANSFER OF INDIANS.
Among all Indian agencies there are a number of discontented and dissatisfied In-
dians whose indolent habits prompt a desire on their part continually to seek a change
by constant roaming from one agency to another. In many instances they leave their
home agencies surreptitiously, and upon arriving at another agency importune the
agent to write, soliciting a transfer from their old agency to the one they have for the
present selected as their home. This practice is a constant source of annoyance to an
agent, and results detrimentally to the interests of the Indian and the service. It
necessitates a continual change of the issue rolls, deranges the census reports on which
estimates are based and by which supplies and annuity goods are purchased and dis-
tributed, and finally engenders a feeling of discontent among other Indians, rendering
the M less tractable and obedient. This pernicious practice of transfers should be dis-
countenanced and peremptorily discontinued by Departmental orders.
CIVILIZATION.
In reviewing the progress made by t e Indians at this agency during the past year,
I find good cause for congratulation. The Indians have remained on the reservation
quietly and peaceably. Nearly all have adopted, wholly or in part, the white men's
dress; they are industrious, tractable, and apparently satisfied with their position.
The rapid settlement of whites on the Government lan^s on the east side of the Mis-
souri River, running parallel with the entire length of this reservation, has necessarily
thrown the Indians and whites in closer relationship than is desirable. Numerous
towns and villages have lately sprung up ou the east side of the Missouri River in
which there are always, as in all new settlements on the frontier, a few white men
whose influence with the Indians cannot be otherwise than detrimental, viz, by the
sale of liquor, arms, and fixed ammunition ; by encouraging and hiring Indians to
resume their wild dress and give dances for amusement of whites ; by persuading them
to sell annuity goods issued by the Government, and finally by prostituting their
women. All these are great obstacles in the way of civilization, and requiie constant
and careful watchfulness on the part of the agent.
An element of great evil is the residence of squawmen among the Indians. As a
rule their influence with the Indian is bad and their example pernicious. During the
present year I contemplate removing from this reservation several of thiscla.-s whose
past conduct has merited this action.
There are, I am led to believe, at all agencies a number of Indians who are more
or less dissatisfied, and this agency is no exception to the general rule. Complaints
22 REPORTS OF AGENTS IN DAKOTA.
from this class are as frequent as they are trivial. Neither agent or employe" is ex-
empt from their accusations, and, at times, serious allegations, which, upon careful
investigation by authorized Department officials, is found in nearly every case to be
groundless and unworthy of consideration.
EDUCATION AND MISSIONARY WORK.
Again I have to report the highly satisfactory condition of the schools at this
agency. The boys' boarding and industrial school, under the supervision of Mrs.
Emma C. Swan, has been conducted during the past year with most encouraging suc-
cess. At Saint John's boarding and industrial school for girls, conducted under the
auspices of the Protestant Episcopal Church by Mr. J. F. Kinney, jr., as principal
teacher, assisted by his estimable wife, the progress made by -the pupils during the
past year has been most surprising. The management of these schools merits and re-
ceives the highest encomium, and it affords me gratification in thus according it.
Saint Stephen's mission day school lor boys and girls, situated at Saint Stephen's
mission, 60 miles north of the agency, with Mrs. Matilda A. Swift as teacher, and con-
ducted under the immediate supervision of Rev. Henry Swift, missionary, is giving
entire satisfaction and reflects credit on the management. In connection with the
foregoing schools there is also the boys and girls' day school, situated 60 miles west
of the agency, with Mrs. Cecilia Narcelle as teacher, which is doing well, together
with five day schools, conducted under the supervision of Rev. T. L. Riggs, mission-
ary, all of which are accomplishing much good among the Indian youth.
I herewith incorporate reports from Rev. Henry Swift, missionary of the Protestant
Episcopal Church, and Rev. T. L. Riggs, missionary, which speak in eloquent terms
of the advancement at this agency of education, Christian religion, and the earnest,
noble work of the missionary.
• SAINT STEPHEN'S MISSION,
Cheyenne River Agency, August 13, 1884.
SIB : About 700 Indians all told are under the influence of the Episcopal mission. Services are kept
up regularly at three points. It is intended to begin a new work on Little Moreau Creek, win-re some
twenty families have homesteaded. Ifr is the constant effort of the church to break up Indian cus-
toms, encourage industry, educate, purify the marriage relation in conjunction with and as a part of
its christianizing work. In the sphere of our influences dancing and conjuring have ceased. The
majority have assumed the dress of white people, and almost all are living in houses. Of one hundred
and ten families living in vicinity of Saint Stephen's, in a radius of 30 miles, almost all are scattered at
distances from each other on homesteads, and the greater part have fields of their own ranging from
one to fifteen acres, broken or plowed by themselves, under cultivation. The distance from the
agency being so great they trj^ to earn money and buy what provision they need from neighboring
towns, finding it easier to dp so than to go to the agency every fortnight. By cultivating a piece of
land myself and taking considerable interest in their work, I think they have been spurred to greater
efforts. Many of the women have learned to do housework at the mission, and greater cleanliness and
order and neatness is found in their houses in consequence.
The boarding-school work at Saint John's mission and the day school at Saint Stephen's mission
have been carried on for the past year with encouraging results. ' The instruction has been entirely in
English. In connection with education I have felt the great need there is for systematic industrial
teaching. Children trained in letters for three or five years and then returned to their homes will de-
rive but little benefit and will be of little use to their people, unless in conjunction with their knowl-
edge of books is united a thorough knowledge of every -day work. A girl should be able to wash, iron,
sew, cook, make beds, and do the other parts of housekeeping well and without direction when she
leaves school. A boy should be able to milk, take care of cattle, horses, poultry, plow, plant, culti-
vate, and harvest, besides being handy with tool*, and be able to do such work without direction and
at the proper time. A boarding-school of thirty , half boys and half girls, ranging from ten to sixteen
years, with a farm of, say, 40 acres ami a good-sized laundry and kitchen, with necessary appliances
and competent instructors, would be an element of great good. I would advise that only about three
or four hours be devoted to school and at least six hours be given up every day to work. In conjunc-
tion with the girls' instruction in lat»or there might be a cooking-school and a sewing-school held
once a week for benefit of Indian women adjacent to school. I should like to undertake such an en-
terprise in connection with Saint Stephen's mission, and believe it could be made a success.
Bigamy has been pretty well checked. Indian marriages are, however, frequent; that is, a man
taking a woman, with father's consent, but without any further ceremony, or any bond to hold the
couple together, and, in many cases, after a while the parties may separate and contract new alliances.
Fifty -three, couple have been married by me in the c "lurch, and in every case the parties have remained
true to each other. In the past year there have been 63 infant and 36 adult baptisms, and 36 have been
confirmed. The aggregate attendance at the three stations on Sundays has averaged about one hun-
dred and twenty. Offerings have amounted to $140.
Respectfully,
HENRY SWIFT.
WM. A. SWAN,
United Statet Indian Agent.
DAKOTA MISSION,
Cheyenne River Agency, August 13, 1884.
SlE: During the past year the educational and missionary work of the Dakota mission with the
Indians of the Cheyenne River Agency has, I am happy to report, been honeful and encouraging. We
had planned to do more in some directions than has been accomplished, as, for example, we hoped to
have established an industrial school at Peoria Bottom. The plan to do so, however, is still in hand,
and will, I trust, be carried out at no distant day. We have, indeed, already made something of a
beginning.
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN DAKOTA. 23
The Dakota mission schools are in connection with the Cheyenne River Agency, as follows: 1st. In-
dustrial day school, located at Oahe, in Peoria Bottom, and taught by Miss Collins, of the mission. 2d.
Chantier Bottom day school, on Chantier Bottom, taught by Mrs. Lee, a Teton Sioux, educated by our
mission schools here and at Santee. This school has been in session but a few months of the year, and
will probably be discontinued. 3d. Cheyenne River day school. No. 1, on the Cheyenne River, and
taught by Rev. Isaac Reuuville, a Sissetou Sioux, and native missionary of the Native Missionary So-
ciety. 4th. Cheyenne River day school, No. 2,' also located on the Che> enne River, and taught by Eliza-
beth Winyan, a'Sisseton Sioux. This school has been in session but a few months the past year. We
have recently built a neat school-house at this point. 5th. Cheyenne River day school, Xo. 4, located
on the Cheyenne River, 60 miles from the agency, and taught by Clarance Ward, a Teton Sioux, edu-
cated at the mission schools here and at Santee.
There has aluo been occasional instruction given at the village near the site of old Fort Pierre by
David Lee, a Teton Sioux, educated at our schools. We have provided at this village a substantial
school-house, paid for in part by the Indians themselves, and a permanent school will be established
at this point. There is also a movement at another and smaller village towards securing a school. I
shall eoon have a building erected for them and a school will foDow. Moreover, I have also arranged
for two additional schools on the Cheyenne River, Nos. 2J and 3, for one of which the school-house is
now ready.' One of these additional schools will be taught by a native, already secured, and the other
to be in charge of a white missionary. To summarize : We have had five schools in operation a part or
all of the past year, and we expect to have four more taught during the year to come.
Progress in all our schools has been good, the teachers faithful, and the average attendance much bet -
ter than for past years. Instruction- given by the native teachers is chiefly in the vernacular, though
at three schools English also has been taught. It is a marked fact that when a child can read in nig
own language he is usually far better able to master the difficulties of English speech.
Closely connected with school training we are carrying torward the religions and moral education
of the people. We endeavor to teach them to think, and to think pure thoughts, as well as to read and
•write. Nor have our schools been lacking in effort to promote physical industry and training, if in
nothing more than this— that every native teacher is obliged to plant and care for a small field at hig
station. We have furnished object lessons to enforce precept.
In conclusion I wish to express my hearty appreciation and acknowledgment of the universally
kind and helpful support I have received from your office, and in the one suggestion I have to make
I am assured I shall have your approval and action. My suggestion is this : It is time now to compel
attendance at school. Not alone at Government schools, but with mission schools as well. That an
Indian agent can do this effectually and yet quietly, if he will, requires no argument to prove.
The ration system should be used as an educational lever. When a village has located within reach
of a school affording opportunity, the children of that village should be made to attend or the ration
be forfeited. This is not visionary; it is a fact at some agencies, and should be a fact with us. The
time for fooling in this matter of education is past. We cannot afford to build and furnish schools and
then depend on caprice and slender desire to nil them up. Attendance must be forced.
Very respectfully, yours,
T. L. RIGGS,
Missionary.
WM. A. SWAX,
United States Indian Agent, Cheyenne River Agency.
CONCLUSION.
I have no ambition to indulge in vague speculations and idle theories regarding
the advancement and civilization of the Indian. Paid labor for the adults and gen-
erous education for the young is, in my opinion, the surest means of solving the prob-
lematical question of Indian civilization. The pauperization of Indians is the one
great impediment to their advancement. All able-bodied Indians should be compelled
to work for their subsistence ; reasonable wages should be paid them for their labor,
and, above all other requisites, good faith should be kept with them on the part of
the Government in every particular.
Bearing testimony to the faithfulness and efficiency of my employe's, and thanking
the Department for many official favors,
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
WILLIAM A. SWAN,
United States Indian Agent.
-The COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
CROW CREEK AND LOWER BRULE CONSOLIDATED AGENCY,
Crow Creek Agency, Dak., August 20, "1884.
SIR : In compliance with circular letter from your office, dated Washington, D. C.,
July 1, 1884, I have the honor herewith to transmit my second annual report for the
consolidated agency of Crow Creek and Lower Brule" for the year ending July 31,
1884.
CROW CREEK AGENCY.
The average number of Indians at this agency during the year is about 1,009 ; these
consist almost, entirely of the Lower Yanktonai band of Sioux, there being but a very
few Santees, Brule"s, and Yanktons incorporated with them. There are among them
but 46 half-breeds, and only six white squaw-men.
24 REPORTS OF AGENTS IN DAKOTA.
The census taken in compliance with section 9, act of Congress approved July 4,
1884, is as follows:
Males (14 absent at schools) I 489
Females (21 absent at schools) 609
Number of males above eighteen years of age 258
Number of females above fourteen years of age 359
Number of school children between six and sixteen years 149
Number of school-houses ( 1 unfit for use) ". 2
Number of schools in operation during past year 1
Average attendance at same during school session 30. 33
Number of teachers, and salaries paid during past year 4
Mrs. E. C. Gasmaun, superintendent and matron $600
Miss N. A. King, teacher 600
Miss J. E. Johnson, assistant teacher •__. 300
Mr. Z. Rencountre, assistant teacher 300
Miss H. Louergan, cook 300
The conduct of these people during the past year has been, for Indians, very good;
in fact, I question if a like number of white people can be found where so little crime
has been committed, and where so little restraint of authority has been found neces-
sary, circumstanced as these people are. Not a single case of drunkenness has been
reported; no murders or manslaughters; no fighting or serious contentions; life and
property as safe as among the best-regulated white communities. A few instances of
theft have been reported and punished, and one single case of wife-beating.
Morality.
The Indians are simple children of nature, and many things condemned as immoral
among whites are with them without offence. Vulgarity of speech is very common,
and the presence of women and children seems to have but small restraining influ-
ence. Names are sometimes given that are not pleasant to the ears of polite people ;
and yet I believe I can truly say that these people are a moral people, and live more
in accordance with the knowledge they have of right and wrong than many of their
white neighbors.
Polygamy.
This evil yet exists to f-ome extent among these people ; I believe, however, that
gradually it is diminishing, and will eventually disappear entirely. It is now prin-
cipally confined to the old Indians, and will die with them. The influence of schools
and churches will control the conduct of the rising generation.
Schools.
The school accommodation of this agency is entirely inadequate, there being room
provided for only about 40 children, whereas there are at least 150 children of school
age. About eight months ago I submitted estimates for enlargement of school, so that
I should be able to take care of at least 100 children. No notice has as yet been taken
of my estimates, and I shall be compelled again to open my schools with the same
small number.* This is very discouraging. The hope of the Indian is in the schools.
The old people we can do but little with — induce them to work on their claims, build
houses and stables, take care of their cattle, &c. ; this is about all ; they are simply
Indians, and will, as a general thing, remain what they are while they live. Their
children, on the other hand, are left to us to train, and will be what we make them.
I am aware that great and good work is being done for them at such schools as
Hampton, Carlisle, and others, but the great work is to be done at home, on the res-
ervations. All the children of school age should be in school now, and should have
at least three years of training in our home schools before being sent away. Fiom
these home or agency schools should be selected the brightest, strongest, and most
promising children — boys and girls — for the institutions above referred to and others,
and there be trained to becoit.e teachers in agency schools and shops. It seems to me
a great waste of both money and opporUinity to proceed as we are doing at the present
time, viz, to take utterly untutored children from their Indian homes, transport them at
great expense to far-off Eastern schools, and after keeping them there for, say, three
years, return them to their parents, almost inevitably to relapse into their native condi-
tion. It takes more than three years to educate and train up our own children, who
* Since this report was written the agent has been authorized to enlarge the Crow Creek school build-
ings, and the work is now going on.
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN DAKOTA. 25
begin with a full knowledge of the language in which they are taught ; how can we then
expect, in this short time, to so educate and train an Indian child, who has no knowl-
edge of the language in which instruction is to be conveyed to him, that he shall be
able to withstand the influence of home, of tribe, and of his own natural taste and
tendency I That Indian children are capable of training is beyond question. The re-
sults of the work at Carlisle and Hampton prove this. These institutions, however,
are greatly hampered in their noble work because of the utterly unprepared mate-
rials that*they have to work on. If, then, we are to look for any real permanent
good results from these noble schools, we must begin at home. We must prepare and
select the materials here. In other words, we must have schools here at the agencies
large enough to accommodate all our children of school age and compel them to at-
tend. In making the above statement I am simply recommending the carrying out
of the treaty of 1868, which provides that for every 30 children there shall be a school
house and teacher provided. This, of course, contemplates day schools. It is out of
the question to provide boarding schools for all these children, nor is it desirable.
The day school should be a feeder for the agency boarding school, that again tor the
institutions at the East, or such as are at a distance from the reservations. If such a
system could be carried out vigorously the result would soon prove the wisdom of
the plan.
Farming.
I am pleased to be able to report that this year I can see in this industry improve-
ment over the last. More acres are cultivated, and, as a general thing, the work
better done. It is no longer necessary to argue the benefits of this pursuit ; all are
ready to acknowledge the desirability of it, and many are making laudable efforts to
follow the example of their white neighbors in this respect. The great difficulty
with the Indian is, he seems unable to form habits of regular and persistent labor.
He will work well for a time — plow, plant, and sow the seed — but the long, patient
care of the crop, requiring months of hard work — in this he often fails. His old
migratory habits, too, are hard to overcome and are great hindrances to his success
as a farmer. At the very time when his fields require the greatest, attention, perhaps
some demon of unrest takes possession of him and he must go — go to see a dying
friend or relative perfectly well at that very time ; perhaps to get a pony or to dig
some turnips — any excuse to get away from home and to have a little change. This
spirit of unrest is very damaging to their farming interests and will continue until
the home and farm interests shall be so great as to compel them to remain at home.
As long as the Indians are without domestic animals — cattle, hogs, sheep, and domes-
tic fowls — they will feel free to stay away for a week or two and think it no loss, if
they can only get a worthless pony, though in their abseuce their fields have been
destroyed by cattle and horses or their crops choked to death with weeds. These are
some of the hiudrancos to contend with iu tryiug to induce Indians to become farm-
ers. They are serious aud hard to overcome, and yet year by year we see a little
progress. Individual cases exist here aud there that are examples of what can be
accomplished by regular, persistent labor.
Crops.
The yield this year of wheat and oats, owing to want of rain when most needed,
will not equal that of last year, but as the acreage is greater, the crop, I think, will
be as great at least. Our potato crop has suffered from the potato bug this year for
the first time ; this is greatly to be regretted, as this vegetable is of great value to the
Indians, both as food and as a preventer of disease. The Indian farmer cannot ex-
pect, however, to remain exempt from the ills connected with farming all over the
world ; he must learn to wage war on these enemies of all farmers, aud that the price
of a good crop is not only much sweat of brow, but also "eternal vigilance."
Farming implements.
The question of what kind these should be is of great importance. No doubt there
is much to be said in favor of the simplest kind — the old-fashioned scythe and cradle —
in place of mowing machines, reapers, &c. But on the other hand we are met with
the question, can the average Indian work with them? Is he physically able to
handle the scythe and cradle? My observation of them, for the last ten years and
over, leads me to the conclusion that he is not. Of all the work to be done on a farm
there is nothing so wearisome as the work with cradle aud scythe. For this work, in
times when improved machinery had not come into use among white men, the strong-
est and most robust men were always chosen, and every farmer in the West will tell
you how hard the work was, and how many men there are who now feel the effects of
that kind of labor done in their youth. The suffering and hardship connected with
26 REPORTS OF AGENTS I\ DAKOTA.
farming in the old way drove from that industry — the most important of all indus-
tries— the very best of our young men, and compelled the discovery of labor-saving
machinery, as an absolute necessity, in order to develop the great resources of this
wide country. Then, again, as a matter of economy, I believe the improved labor-
saving machinery will prove the most desirable. The want of skill, and also the want
of muscle, makes the breakage of light implements very great, and although there is
also breakage of improved machinery, yet, taking into account the work accomplished,
I believe the use of the latter to be the most economical. One thing is certain: with
improved machinery, and all the labor-saving inventions of our day and country, to
assist and encourage them, we may hope, in time, to make farmers of our Indians.
Without these aids and encouragements we never can.
Manufacturing.
As yet but little has been done at this agency in the way of manufacturing. The
work done in our shops by Indian apprentices, under the direction of white employe's,
to some extent comes properly under this head. Furniture for the use of the tribe,
such as tables, cupboards, desks, and bedsteads, doors, window frames, &c.,are made
in large numbers, to supply the constant demand for them from Indians who are
making an effort to improve their condition and manner of living. We should have
a tin-shop, a harness-shop, a shoe-shop, and a grist-mill. A large number of boys
from this agency are now being trained to these trades in eastern schools, who will
soon return home. If they find here, on their return, employment in the trades they
have spent years to learn, they will gladly avail themselves of the opportunity, and
thus be kept from idleness and its inseparable companion, vice. The manufactories
above referred to are also called for by the condition of these people. They have
given up the old Indian way of living. The hunt and the war-path are of the past to
them, and in their feeble way they are endeavoring to live like white men, and to live
like white men necessitates the products of such industries as I have referred to above.
Besides these, there should, in time, be established here a cloth manufactory, where by
Indian labor should be fabricated most if not all of the clothing worn by the tribe.
It may be objected to this plan, that most of the articles thus proposed to be manu-
factured on the agency can be purchased at a much less cost from eastern factories ;
this [ grant, but when we take into consideration the value of all these industries to
the Indian, it will readily be seen that the plan proposed is sound. In other words,
if we desire permanently to advance and eventually civilize them, we must furnish
them with industries enough to employ them all, and all the time.
Missionary work.
The Rev. Mr. Hurt and Rev. David Tatiopa (Indian), under the direction of the
Right Rev. Bishop Hare, of the Episcopal Church, have charge of the missionary work
at this agency, and it gives me great pleasure to bear testimony to the good results
of their labor. The Christian Indians are our very best people, both as regards gen-
eral conduct and habits of cleanliness and industry. If day schools could be estab-
lished in the localities where they are greatly needed and urgently called for by the
Indians, they could also be used as houses of worship and other meetings during Sun-
days and week-day evenings, thus reaching, with the good influences of religion
and education, all the settlements of the reservation, now so far removed from the
churches that the people are unable to come to them often. In this connection see
report of Rev. Mr. Burt, herewith.
Police.
The men constituting this body are among the best of the tribe, and are very use-
ful in keeping order and doing such work as they may be called upon to do. Often
they are called from their fields to be absent on duty for days together. Once every
week three of them are sent a distance of 25 miles to bring in the beef-cattle for issue.
Then, again, they are frequently compelled to travel for days together for the pur-
pose of guarding the borders of the reservation from depredations by white men, wood
thieves, hay-cutters, and cattle-herders, who, if not constantly watched, are sure to
commit some lawless act. The force is at all times ready to answer the call of duty
and are of great benefit to the tribe, and should be paid at least double what they
now receive. The present rate of pay is so small that any good and industrious In-
dian can do far better by working on his farm or at one of the trades. It is difficult
and at. times dangerous work that they are compelled to do, and, as a general thing,
by doing it thoroughly the ill-will of the multitude is sure to be their reward. I
therefore most earnestly recommend an increase of their pay.
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN DAKOTA. 27
Reservation survey.
One thing, causing constant anxiety and complaint on the part of the Indians, is
that they do not know where the boundary lines of the reservation are. They have
been accustomed to look upon the whole surrounding country as their property, and
now, when this is being rapidly taken up and settled upon by white men, the
Indian, not knowing where the boundary lines are, is in constant fear lest all his
reservation shall be thus, piece by piece, taken from him. If these boundaries are
not soon plainly marked out, I fear serious trouble may arise between the Indians and
the border settlers. I trust that it is now in the power of the Department to have
this important work done at an early day.
Allotments.
Constant applications are made to me for allotments of land, by Indians who de-
sire to settle upon claims of their own, make improvements, and become property-
holders in several ty. Owing to the fact that I have no surveyor to do the work, I am
compelled to put these applicants off indefinitely, to their great discouragement and
injury, and to my own personal inconvenience and annoyance. If a surveyor is sent
here for the purpose of defining the boundaries of the reservation, he should at the
same time be authorized and instructed to locate all the Indians now desiring thus
to settle themselves upon individual allotments in compliance with the treaty of
1868.
LOWER BRULE AGENCY.
The average number of Indians at his agency during the past year has been 1,432.
They consist almost entirely of the Lower Brule' tribe of Sioux, with the exception of
a few Yauktons and Yanktonais. There are very few half-breeds among them and no
white squaw men. The census as called for by'section 9, act of Congress approved
July 4, 1884, is as follows :
Males 654
Females 770
Number of males above eighteen years of age 315
Number of females abo ve, fourteen years of age 389
Number of school children between six and sixteen years 200
Number of school houses (two unfit for service) 3
Number of schools in operation during past year 1
Average attendance at same during school session 28
Number of teachers and salaries paid during year 4
Mrs. Scott,
Miss H. B. Johnson, )> matrons 480
Mrs. I. Bon,
Mrs. Gordon, )
Mrs. Williams, > laundresses 240
Miss Johnson, )
Miss J. E. Johnson, ? , onn
Miss H.B. Johnson, $cook 30C
Conduct of the tribe.
As a general thing during the past year the people have been quiet and contented.
The only disturbing influences have been the occasional introduction of liquor from
the neighboring white towns and settlements, and the, to them, all absorbing ques-
tion of removal to another reservation.
The former evil has not been of a serious nature, and as parties have been convicted
for the sale of liquor to Indians, I trust in the future the cause of anxiety on this sub-
ject will be lessened. As long, however, as the Indians are so closely surrounded by
white settlers the temptation will remain, and occasional instances will occur of
liquor being smuggled in among them.
On the removal question they are, I think, somewhat divided, the old chiefs and
their followers being the opposers to removal, and the younger ones in favor of it.
In fact the old chiefs are opposed to almost every move proposed by the Government
for the advancement of the tribe, being fearful of losing power with their people by
following the advice of agents or commissioners. Unless these chiefs become more
tractable and obedient I should advocate their displacement, and either the reduction
of the number or advancement to their places of younger and more progressive men.
28 REPORTS OF AGENTS IN DAKOTA.
Arms and ammunition.
The universal carrying of arms, for which there is.no earthly use, is an incentive to
crime among Indians as among white men, and should be discontinued. It is a mat-
ter beyond the control of the agent, there being no law to prevent the sale of rifles,
revolvers, and fixed ammunition to Indians by white men off the reservation.
It is almost impossible for the small force of police allowed this agency — ten men —
to exercise any authority or make any arrests among people thus completely armed,
and when they attempt to do so they do it at the risk of their lives. It is no unusual
thing for an Indian to get a " bad heart," and if fully armed he is tempted to demon-
strate his bravery by shooting at some one. For the sake of safety to white man and
Indian, and particularly for the welfare of the latter, all such arms should be removed,
and a law passed making it a serious crime to sell such arms and ammunition to them
in the future. Considering the universal practice of going thus armed, it is a great
wonder that so few acts of violence occur.
farming.
No allotments of lands in severalty have been made among these Indians; the old
chiefs here again opposing. Most of the people, however, have taken up claims of
an irregular kind, and have built houses and made other improvements; but as no
one can claim anything beyond his little inclosure, farming on a large scale is, there-
fore, not general.
This year, however, quite a number have broken lands and put in crops of wheat
and oats, besides their usual corn and potato patches. Owing to the want of rain,
however, in the early part of the season the crop will be small.
Unless these people can be located on lands in severalty no great advancement in
agriculture can be looked for. The longer this is put oft" the more difficult it will be
to do, no one being willing to give up his home and improvements. Should a removal
be determined upon to a new locality, I would earnestly recommend that the entire
tribe be located at once on their own individual lands.
Stock-raising.
This industry, for the same reasons as mentioned above, has been here greatly re-
tarded. As long as the people live in camps, or closely huddled settlements, it is difficult
for any one, no matter how well disposed, to make a success of stock-raising. Animals
will constantly break into the little, poorly-fenced fields ; destroy crops, and, as aconse-
quence, get injured or killed by the parties who have suffered loss. On the contrary,
where the Indian lives by himself, away from the thickly-settled portions of the.re-
serve, as is the case with Bear with Long Claws, a chief, and Driving Hawk, they are
reasonably successful in this work. These men have now a herd of at least 40 head
of cattle each, raised from one or two cows given them by the Government years ago.
Government boarding schools.
I regret not to be able to report any great progress in this most important work.
Great efforts were made at the opening of the year to fill the school and conduct it
in such a manner as to make it a success. The necessity, however, of a change of
principal and teacher in the latter part of the year caused much disturbance for a
time ; and the removal of a large number of the best jmpils to other schools had a fur-
ther depressing influence. The present principal I believe is bothableand conscien-
tious, and I trust that the next school year will make a great step in advance over the
last.
Here, as at Crow Creek, the accommodations are entirely inadequate. I trust the
estimates I am now making for enlargement will meet with the approval of the De-
partment, and that before another year we shall have room for 100 pupils, at least in
our boarding school. Day schools should also be established, at least two in remote
parts of the reserve, where some practical man could be placed as a teacher, not only
for the children attending school but also for the older people in their farming,
building, and other like works. The influence of such a man, if of the right sort,
would be for great good to the^ people and an aid to the agent in his work of super-
Missionary ivork.
The Rev. Luke C. Walker (Indian), whose report is herewith submitted, has
charge, under the direction of the Rt. Rev. Bishop Hare, of the Episcopal church.
During the year Mr. Walker, with the aid of his young men, made extensive improve-
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN DAKOTA. 29
ments and enlargement of Ms church building, so that it now presents a very pleas-
ant appearance, externally and internally. Large congregations of Indians assem-
ble here on every Lord's day for worship, while the children are also regularly taught
in Sunday school. Mr. Walker, besides his Indian services, both in his church at
the agency and in outlying settlements, conducts regularly an English service for
agency employe's and others. I believe much good has resulted from his work, and
that eventually large numbers of the Indians — particularly of the young — will be di-
rected in their lives and conduct by Christian principles.
Police.
Constant changes in the force have been made during the year, in hopes to find
some parties who should be able to fulfill the duties devolving upon them as police-
men. The present number are, generally speaking, the best I have had so far, and yet
they are not what I could wish them to be. One thing, however, is to be said as their
excuse, in part, for not coming up to the standard : the chiefs and entire tribe are
very much opposed to them, and being but a small body, they are often overawed by
the multitude. The small pay given them is another great hindrance to their effec-
tiveness. The police force should be taken from among the best and most influential
people on the reserve, and this cannot be done at present, owing to the utterly inade-
quate pay given. Men of character are usually also industrious men, and cannot af-
ford to leave their farming, stock-raising, &c., for the paltry sum offered them as
policemen.
EMPLOYES OF THE CONSOLIDATED AGENCY.
Of these I can speak in the highest terms of approval. It requires men of great
patience and tact to be useful employes at an Indian agency. The most of the men
now engaged have been long in the service, and are accustomed to the peculiar peo-
ple with whom they have to deal. Of good moral character themselves, their inter-
course with Indians has upon the latter a constant influence for good.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
JOHN G. GASMANN,
United States Indian Agent,
The COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
LOWER BRULE AGENCY, DAK.,
August 19, 1884.
SIR: In compliance with instructions received from you, I have the honor to sub-
mit this as my report of the condition of the Indians, at this agency. As I assumed
charge in April last, it cannot be expected that I should be able to say much, only
touching upon such matters as have come under my observation. Upon my arrival I
found the Indians busy putting in their crops, and a few had been induced to sow
wheat and oats. I estimate that 500 acres were cultivated by them. Had the weather
been favorable, I think the yield would have been good: .but the last two months it
has been extremely dry, and the drought has, to a certain degree, injured all the crops,
more especially the wheat and oats. I regret this, as those who sowed feel discour-
aged.
During the spring and summer quite a number of the Indians from the different
camps on White River moved to the Little Bend and Medicine Creek, and located on
separate pieces of land, and commenced building houses for themselves. A few of these
have broken some laud, and I had one of the agency teams engaged in plowing for these
Indians as long as it could be spared from the agency proper. I have endeavored to
-encourage any Indian leaving the camps and settling on a separate tract of land, never
mind how small it was, believing that .it would, in the end, better his condition and
induce others to follow his example, and in this way break up the old Indian camps
and the custom of planting in common.
During the past year 50 acres of land have been broken by the Government foi
these Indians, and 60 acres broken by themselves. The 10 yoke of oxen purchased by
the Department arrived here too late to do much in the way of plowing this summer.
I have already asked you to obtain authority to issue these to such Indians as are
willing to use them, and until such authority is granted I shall loan them to any
Indian who will pledge himself to break a certain amount of land.
Thirty-five log-houses have been erected during the year by our Indians, they doing
all the work, excepting the making of the doors and windows, which were made by
the agency carpenter, this being the only expense incurred by the Government.
30 REPORTS OF AGENTS IN DAKOTA.
The school at the agency was maintained ten months during the past year, with an
average attendance of 28 pupils. The Indians for a time seemed to be very reluctant
to send their children to school, which accounts for the small attendance, but of late
they have shown a better disposition in this respect, and I trust tbat when school
opeus in September we shall have no difficulty in obtaining pupils enough to fill it.
The present capacity is ouly 36, which should, in my opinion, be increased, and the
children should be compelled to attend. Under the management of the present prin-
cipal, Mr. Carroll D. Bon, the disciplinehas been good, and the school has improved in
every respect, and I think I am justified in saying that it is now in better condition
than it has ever before been.
Last May sever young men returned from school at Hampton, Va., where they had
been for a year or more. Four of these have been employed in the agency, in the
different shops, and I have had application from others for work, but the funds allowed
by the Department being limited, it has not been within my power to employ any
more. It seems a great pity that no provision is made by the Government, so that
young men and women returning from school in the East can in some way be em-
ployed, and prevented from falling back into the Indian ways. Those who have been
taught trades find it very difficult to obtain work among the Indians, certainly not
enough to furnish them any support, and the consequence is that, with the exception
of the few employed in the agency, they finally drift back to their old ways.
The police force at this agency consisted of 1 captain, 2 sergeants, and 16 privates,
but by a recent order from the Department I regret to say it has been reduced to i
captain, 1 sergeant, and 8 privates; this I regard as being too small a force for an
agency like this where the Indians are so scattered. As now constituted I am unable
to place a policeman in each of the different camps. With one or two exceptions I
have found the police always willing to do such duties as were required of them.
The mission is under the charge of the Rev. Luke C. Walker, of the Protestanfc
'Episcopal Church, who holds services in the church located at the agency every Sun-
day morning in the Dakota language, and in the evening in English ; besides these
services he visits the camps each week. There is no school connected with the mis-
sion. Mr. Walker, who is a full-blood Santee-Sioux Indian, has done much good
among these people, not only in preaching but in the example he sets to them.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
HENRY E. GREGORY,
Clerk in charge.
JOHN G. GASMANN,
United States Indian Agent, Crow Creek and Lower Brule Agency, Dakota.
DEVIL'S LAKE AGENCY, DAKOTA,
September 1, 1884,
Sm : In compliance with circular letter of July 1, 1884, I have the honor to submit
my third annual report of the affairs of the Devil's Lake and Turtle Mountain Res-
ervations.
DEVIL'S LAKE.
THE RESERVATION.
The Devil's Lake Indian Reservation is situated on the south of Devil's Lake, or
Lake Minnewakan, and is described in the treaty with the Indians as follows:
Beginning at the most easterly point of Devil's Lake, thence along the waters of said lake to the most
westerly point of the same, thence on a direct line to the nearest point on the Cheyenne River, thence
down said river to a point opposite the lowest end of " Aspen Island," and thence on a direct line to
the place of beginning.
A portion of this reservation is set apart for the use of the military post of Fort
Totteu.
The reservation contains 230,400 acres of land, divided as follows : 150,000 of good
farm land, 2\),000 timber, and the balance hills, small lakes, and alkaline flats. The
average rainfall for the last ten years is about 18i inches. The number of Indians
on the reservation is 864, who, up to June 30, 1884, drew a small ration. Provisions
have since been issued to the old and destitute only, and will not be issued to able-
bodied Indians in the future.
AGRICULTURE AND INDIAN INDUSTRIES.
There are now 195 heads of families located on individual claims cultivating in the
aggregate 2,480 acres of land, viz, 1,262 acres of wheat, 393 of oats, 69 of corn, 65 of
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN DAKOTA. 31
potatoes, besides about 300 acres of peas, beans, squash, pumpkins, cabbage, turnips,
&c. Six hundred and eighty-three acres of new land have been broken thisyear, princi-
pally on that portion of the reservation lately relinquished by the military under
General Orders No. 4(J of 1883, from the headquarters of the Army, reducing the Fort
Totten Military Reservation. The season hay been good for both grain and vegeta-
bles, and the approximated yield per acre is as follows: Wheat, 20 bushels; oats, 50
bushels; corn, 60 bushels; potatoes, 150 bushels. Beans, peas, turnips, onions, and
other vegetables are in good yield.
We commenced our harvest, which is not vet finished, with 7 Government self-
raking reapers, and 12 self-raking (McCormick's Advance) reapers and 3 self-binders;
the \X McCormick's Advance and 3 self-binders were purchased by the Indians out of
money paid to them by the Government for wood delivered at the schools, and for
wheat purchased of them by the Government to be made into flour for the Turtle
Mountain Chippewas; of the total amount paid them, viz; $1,813, $1,370 was spent
in the purchase of these machines. " Sipto," our best farmer, purchased a self-raker
himself. At my suggestion the Indians formed clubs, and thus Icahtake and his two
sons purchased one ; Insnusapa, his son and neighbor, one, and so on, the largest
contributor having charge of the machine, and the preference of first use. Three
Indians, Wahaeankato, Hehakamanza, and Eampehamani also purchased a McCor-
mick self-binder and have done good work with it both for themselves and neighbors
since harvesting commenced, charging their neighbors 1£ bushels of wheat per acre
for cutting and binding. The Indians are straining every nerve to cut their grain
before it becomes too ripe, but I am afraid some will be wasted by over-ripening.
We could use 10 or 12 more machines to good advantage, as the grain all ripens at
once. It is my intention to have every four or five men own an interest in a ma-
chine, and clubs are already formed to purchase about 20 from the sale of wheat
and down timber.
The Indians are very anxious to know if the Great Father intends to purchase
their wheat again this year for making flour to feed the Chippewas. The Sioux and
Chippewas have been enemies from time immemorial, until a few years ago, and the
Sioux feel proud that they are now able to raise grain to feed their old enemies, and
often speak of it. They informed Inspector Gardner, when here a short time ago, in
proof of their civilization and advancement, that " instead of going on the war-path
to procure Chippewa scalps, we stay at home and till the soil, and furnish, from our
surplus, bread for the Chippewa, for we are instructed by our missionaries of the
black gown to forgive our enemies and love one another, so you can see with your
own eyes that we are farmers and trying to be Christians also."
The down timber of the reservation and dry buffalo bones have furnished the In-
dians quite a source of revenue during the past year, which has been especially ac-
ceptable to those who have not flour enough to last them until their new crop is
ground. The wood is cut at intervals of leisure from farm work, and the bonea
gathered principally by the women and children and disposed of to the traders when
they come to the store to trade. The amount paid these Indians by the trader during
the past year for sundries is as follows : Wood. $1,750 ; freighting, $415 ; hauling hay,
$562.50; 150 tons of buffalo bones, $1,050; peltries, $470; grain, $250; bran, $70;
making a total of $4,567.50. The amount paid them for freighting agency supplier
was 81,570.88.
Each Indian, who has work cattle, is taxed two cords of wood for the use of the
engine at the grist-mill, and as each man delivers his wood the name is taken down
and his grain ground in the order and rotation as the name appears on the list ; thus,
10 bushels each until all are served once round, then 20 bushels, and the third time
round all the grain not wanted by the Indians for seed or to dispose of. There is no
provision or funds allowed to pay a miller, which necessitates the tolling of the grain
at the mill, which has been at the rate of 10 per cent. ; the toll is afterwards ground
and disposed of to the best advantage, and the expense of running the mill paid from
the proceeds. The total receipts from the sale of toll and a little custom work (grind-
ing grain for citizens) amounted during the year to $573.66. A miller was employed
134 days at $3 per day, so, after paving for his services, we had a balance of $17. 66 to
be carried to " miscellaneous funds account." With another wheat stone for the first
reduction of the grain the capacity of the mill will be doubl'ed, which will reduce our
running expenses nearly one-half. Under instructions from the Indian Office, 1 have
requested authority to make certain improvements in the mill, including the purchase
of this wheat stone, and I trust the authority will be received in time to have the
improvements made and the stone put in place, so as to be available for use this fall
when the mill is started up.
To provide a home market for the surplus grain of the reservation, I induced Mr.
Palmer, the trader, to bid for the contract to furnish the flour for the agency and
schools for the present year, which contract he secured, and will purchase the wheat
from those Indians who may have it to spare. The wheat will be ground at the
agency mill, Mr. Palmer paying the usual price per bushel for grinding. This will
32 REPORTS OF AGENTS IN DAKOTA.
secure a better quality of flour for less money than it is possible to get under any or-
dinary contract, as a first-class quality of flour can be made at our mill at a cost of
not more than $2.50 per hundred. There is no good reason why, in a year or so, we
cannot furnish the flour required by the post commissary for the use of troops at the
farrison. The engine at the mill is run by a young Indian who lives close by, and
as charge of the mill the year round ; he has worked in the blacksmith's shop and
at the mill sawing, until he has learned the business pretty thoroughly. We had
one Indian employed in the carpenter shop for some time, but for lack of funds could
not keep him the full year. We have also had a blacksmith's apprentice (Indian), an
assistant farmer (Indian), and a teamster and laborer (Indian). Carpenters are very
much needed to roof Indian houses, but there appears to be no money to pay them.
In the month of June I distributed 10 spans of working mares and 10 yoke of oxen
supplied by the Department. The mares were issued to the most deserving and who
were likely to use them to the best advantage and benefit, both to themselves and
neighbors. The oxen were issued to young men who have been expecting cattle for
some time, but could not be supplied. Ten more yoke would about supply our need
for oxen, as mares are more profitable and desirable, especially for issue to men who
have from 50 to 60 acres broken. The seasons are so short that work must be done in
a hurry, and cattle are too slow. Ten or fifteen spans of mares issued every year
would stimulate the Indians greatly by issuing to those who have or may have the
largest number of acres under cultivation. There are about 15 more farmeis on the
prairie to whom mares should be issued next season, as their farms are sufficiently
large to use horses to good advantage and profit.
AGENCY BUILDINGS.
There are no quarters at this agency fit for an employe" to live in. All the buildings
used as quarters, shops, office and store rooms, except the agent's dwelling and a
small log-house, were put up in 1£67 by the military out of logs as temporary quarters
until the present brick buildings at the garrison were completed. The old log build-
ings were afterwards turned over to the Indian Department for the use of the agency
and have been roofed and patched up year after year until they are now in such a
state of decay and dilapidation that it is impossible to make them habitable or safe,
and some are likely to tumble down any time, especially the storehouse, blacksmith
and carpenter shops, office, and one set of quarters occupied by the Indian assistant
farmer. The side walls are liable to cave in or out at any time, and some accident
may be the result. Many of the logs are so rotten that they can be kicked to pieces.
Plans and estimates were submitted to the Indian Office last year for the number apd
description of buildings for employe's and shops, and I am now informed that but
$4,000 can be allowed during this fiscal year for the construction and repairs at this
agency. I am making efforts so as to make the money go as far as possible, but I
shall only be able to get one set of quarters, office, and probably the carpenter's and
blacksmith's shops built with this small amount. I am afraid, however, that it is
too late now to commence building, and that we will have to be content by getting
the material on the spot to be able to make an early start in the spring.
INDIAN POLICE.
There is nothing new to say on this subject, as the question of an increase of pay,
has been urged and discussed in all its bearings. There is no doubt that the efficiency
of the police force would be improved if the pay was any object, but $5 a month is
not much of an object, and to discharge a man for neglect of duty who only receives
this small remuneration for his services would not be much of a punishment; how-
ever, the/ members of this agency force perform their duties as well as can be expected
under the circumstances.
INDIAN JUDGES.
These men are of great assistance to the agent in keeping the Indians under proper
restraint and enforcing the laws published by the Department for the punishment of
offenses, for without their assistance the facts in the cases would never be got at.
" It takes a thief to catch a thief," and it requires an Indian lawyer to sift an Indian's
statement and the evidence of Indian witnesses. Crimes and much petty trouble are
prevented because the Indians know that the true facts in the case will be understood
and learned by the Indian judges, whereas a white man could be fooled, as they ex-
press it. The'system also relieves the agent of much disagreeable work and odium in
connection with the duty of imposing fines or imprisonment upon offenders.
I have divided the reservation into three school districts, and the judge residing in
such district is responsible for the attendance at school of the children in that district.
If these men were under pay the task of keeping children at school would be a less
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN DAKOTA. 33
arduous one. During the year the judges Lave tried forty-two cases, and passed sen-
tence of imprisonment or tine upon thirty-four offenders; none of the cases were of a
serious nature, but principally arising from disputed claim boundaries and woodlands,
damages by cattle to crops, illicit courtship, and other minor offenses.
MORALS.
The morals of the people are fast improving under the teaching and example of our
missionaries and sisters. Rev. Jerome Hunt, of the Order of St. Benedict, is an elo-
quent preacher in the Sioux language, and under his management a society of St.
Joseph has been organized ; the members provided themselves with scarfs, which they
wear when, on their monthly meetings, they proceed to the church in a body to re-
ceive holy communion. Mrs. Cramsie purchased material and made a banner for the
society, to be used on these occasions, on which is inscribed in the Dakota language
" St. Joseph's Wica Okoda ku ci ye." On these monthly meetings it is truly an edi-
fying and encouraging sight to see men, young and old, who have promised to dis-
card and abandon all Indian habits and customs, banded together with the avowed
purpose of mutual help and brotherly love, and, under the banner of the cross, strug-
gling to elevate themselves and people to a higher and Christian civilization. It is
said by one of the heathen philosophers that the gods can see no sight so sublime as
a poor man struggling with adversity, and may we not hope that the God of Love
will smile in approval and bless and strengthen them in their good purpose and work ?
MISSIONARY WORK.
The following is the report of the missionary in charge:
The greater number of the Indians on the reservation belong to the Catholic church. The mission
is intrusted to the care of the Benedictine Fathers and the Sisters of Charity, or Gray Nuns of Mon-
treal. If missionaries have been successful in truly christianizing the Indians, it has been done to
a great extent on this agency. The tribe of Sioux living here, having formerly been addicted to idol-
atrous worship, superstition, and fantastic dancing, have entirely given up those abominable prac-
tices. They now adhere to the practices of the Christian religion with greater tenacity than they did
to their former mode of worship.
Polygamy is done away with ; marriages are solemnized in the presence of the whole congregation.
Since July, 1883, the marriage ceremonies of the church have been performed over 25 couples; in the
year before 22 marriages were solemnly contracted. The baptisms since last July amount to 94.
The new church now in use was erected last spring at a cost of $800, all the savings of the mission
being used towards its erection and furnishing. The young men, and some of the old, have formed
themselves into a society, the aim of which is to show by example and good conduct that they lead a
good, Christian life, to go around and instruct the ignorant, to visit and help the sick, and from the
funds of their small treasury procure all necessaries for those who are in need, and the aim of said
society is also to stand united in overthrowing all the old Indian practices and rooting out the last
remnants of the traditions of their forefathers. ,
The Sundays are kept here as the Lord's day should be kept. Even during the severe winter months
the native worshipers come in from a distance of twelve or fourteen miles in conveyances, many be-
ing the slow ox team. No profane language is heard, no enmities seem to exist, drunkenness is some-
thing that is not heard of here. All live in mutual harmony, and show the beneficial fruits of a good,
Christian influence.
I inclose also the missionary report of a native missionary, who is laboring with
-earnest and commendable zeal for the material and spiritual welfare of his people.
SURVEY OF THE RESERVATION.
\Ve are now making arrangements with a view to having a portion of the reservation
subdivided into 40-acre tracts where portions of timber and claim boundaries are in
dispute. This will prevent much trouble and annoyance for the agent and at the
same time satisfy the Indians that the Great Father intends to keep faith with them
by giving each man his own piece of laud for himself.
SCHOOL BUILDINGS.
The necessity for a new building to take the place of the one destroyed by fire has
been so often urged and brought to the notice of the Department by myself and
others in special reports that nothing new can be said on the subject.
BOYS' INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL.
Following is the report of Rev. Jerome Hunt, principal teacher of this school:
On September 1, 1883, our school commenced with 24 scholars, but during the month,!! boys were
transferred to an industrial boarding school for boys at Feehanville, 111., and 4 boys from the'sisters'
school to my school. The farm attached to our school consists of 20 acres which is worked by boys
under the direction of the industrial teacher, who instructs and explains the different manners of
42GO IND 3
34 REPORTS OF AGENTS IN DAKOTA.
planting and tending such varieties of vegetables and grain as is usually raised on a farm or garden in
this country. Sufficient vegetables of good quality have been raised for the use of the school during the
coming winter ; the amount and kind of each variety will be found in the Hccompanyiug statistical
report. During the months when farm work is in progress the pupils are principally employed in the
fields and gardens, three hours a day being devoted to study. In the winter six hours are spent in
the school-room (except by those whose turn it is to do out-door work), and the evening devoted to
exercises in vocal and instrumectal music and recitations. Nearly all have made good progress in
learning to read and write English, it being the only language taught or allowed in the school. No
questions are answered or privileges allowed to any scholar unless English is used in making the re-
quest. All the pupils take regular turns in attending the stock, cutting and hauling wood and water
for both schools, and if better school accommodations were had there is no reason that the Indian
youths attending this school, should not, in a tow years, have learned the English language, and be
as industrious and regular in their habits as white children of the same ages in similar institutions.
INDUSTRIAL BOARDING-SCHOOL FOR BOTH SEXES.
This school is for children of both sexes, viz, girls of all school-going ages, and
boys who are yet too young to be sent to the boys' school. It is under the manage-
ment of the Sisterhood of the Order of Grey Nuns of Montreal. The report of the
principal of the school is herewith inclosed.
CONCLUSION.
The Indians are beginning to see and understand the necessity for, and independ-
ence accruing to, themselves by labor, and are doing all in their power, as far as they
know and understand, to better their condition, and if they are not successful it is
through ignorance and not for want of the disposition. They are now in the most
critical period of their existence, being thrown upon their own resources and indus-
try to gain a livelihood. That they do double the amount of work necessary to ac-
complish this end, is a fact, but owing to their ignorance and inexperience in many
important details of farming, and in which, with the limited number of white em-
ploye's (farmers), it has been impossible to give them the proper and necessary instruc-
tions, a good deal of their labor is thrown away.
There should be allowed a good, practical, experienced white farmer to every 25 In-
dian farmers at least. If this could be done a reservation could be conducted as an
extensive Government farm, using the superabundance of Indian muscle intelligently
and with as good results as the other extensive and bonanza wheat and stock farms
of Dakota. I wonder if Mr. Dalrymple, or other managers of large farms in Dakota,
having a thousand people to clothe and feed, would send them into his fields without
first assuring himself that there were good and competent men to see that the work
was done and done properly. Not until an agent can use his own judgment and
have a voice in selecting the number and description of employe's required at his
agency, which he alone knows are most needed and useful, will the advancement of
the Indians be otherwise than slow and up-hill work. The chances are that they
will exist for a time in extreme poverty, with all its entailing vices, especially as we
are now surrounded by settlements and the intercourse with whites will daily in-
crease, and experience has proven that Indian morals and character are not always
elevated by the association.
Profitable employment on the reservation farms will keep the Indians at home, and
instead of idleness, the mother of sin and crime, industry, prosperity, content and
virtue will be the result. It is often said reproachfully that an Indian is lazy and
improvident, and it is so from a white man's standpoint. Our civilization, with its
innumerable branches of industries and honors, stimulates a white man and creates
an ambition which is natural and inbred by his education and inheritance. Hundreds
of years have elapsed in making this progress, step by step, and the same years have
rolled by and made the Indian, under different circumstances and surroundings, of
necessity appear improvident. The actual causes that have produced the .improvi-
dent Indian have ceased to exist, and circumstances render it necessary that the In-
dian, in order to live, shall adopt the habits and customs of civilized man. At best
civilization will be slow and success will depend ultimately upon the amount of in-
struction imparted in the schools and on the farm.
TURTLE MOUNTAIN.
The Turtle Mountain Reservation consists of two townships which form the south-
eastern portion of the mountain, and contain sufficient arable land and also sufficient
timber for the use of the Indians and mixed-bloods. Thirty-one families of renegade
Chippewa Indians are located on the reservation and vicinity ; they are from the res-
ervations in Minnesota and Dakota. There are also about 1,200 mixed-bloods so
located who claim and imagine the Government should feed, clothe, and supply all
their wants. Ten thousand dollars have been expended during the past year for the
benefit of these Indians and half-breeds, in provisions and agricultural implements,
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN DAKOTA. 35
including 20 yoke of work-oxen. A warehouse, at a cost of $400, has been erected,
and a farmer's services engaged for a year to instruct them in farming and care for
the provisions and Government property on the reservation.
If poverty and ignorance in an abject form is to be found in this world, I know of
no better place to seek it than among the half-breeds of Turtle Mountain. With but
few exceptions the half-breeds have lived on the buffalo all their lives, and now that
their means of subsistence have all disappeared, I cannot tell how they are to make a
living without having assistance in the beginning. Fifty thousand dollars' worth of
stock and farming implements would hardly supply their wants, and without it they
will starve or be compelled to steal. Unless generous aid and instruction are fur-
nished these people, the near future wrill see our jails and penitentiaries filled to over-
flowing with their prolific rising generation.
Mixed as the half-breeds and Indians are on the same reservation and locality, I
can see uo prospect of doing any great good for the Indians. Liquor the half-breeds
will and can get, and the liquor might just as well be sold to the Indian, for he can
procure it from the half-breed, and the officials of the Government will be smart in-
deed if they find out how the Indian obtains it or who furnishes it. As the matter
now stands, I can see no other solution of the complicated troubles than by placing
the Indians on the reservations where they belong, in Minnesota, and issuing the
necessary animals and implements to the half-breeds to enable them to make their
own living, and throw open the reservation to settlement; they must then take their
chances with the white man and his laws by u hoeing their own row," every man
for himself.
Father Malo, a missionary priest, has labored hard under great privations and want
to procure assistance for these people. During the last year he has conducted a day
school, under contract with the Department, but what arrangements have been made
for schools there this season I have not been officially informed. I understand, how-
ever, that a contract has been let for a boarding-school, and four Sisters of Mercy IVoin
Rochester, N. Y., engaged to take charge and teach.
I have the honor to be, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
JOHN W. CRAMSIE,
United States Indian Agent.
The COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
UNITED STATES INDIAN SERVICE,
Fort Berthold Agency, Dakota, August 5, 1884.
SIR: In compliance with instructions contained in letter from the honorable Com-
missioner, under date of July 1, 1884, I have the honor to submit this my animal re-
port in reference to the affairs pertaining to this agency. From the fact of my assum-
ing charge of the affairs of this agency on May 1 last, I do not consider that my short
experience warrants my giving an extended recapitulation of the year's work, but
will endeavor to note that which has come under my immediate notice for the^short
time I have been here.
This reservation was set apart by an Executive order as the home of the Arickarees,
Gros Ventres, and Mandau Indians. It is handsomely situated, with the Missouri
River almost equally dividing it, and is composed of some of the most productive
land in Dakota. This area comprises both hills and prairie land, which renders it
particularly adaptable for stock-raising and farming pursuits in general.
There are now 1,204 Indians on the agency records, regularly drawing weekly ra-
tions as follows :
Arickarees 544
Gros Veutres 347
Mandans 311
Total 1,202
In addition to this number, I am informed that there are some 200 Gros Ventres
and Mandan Indians belonging to this agency at Fort Buford, distant 120 miles west
from here, to which place they seceded owing to some difficulty regarding chieftain-
ship. I am told, also, that they are desirous of returning and resuming the same rela-
tions as before.
The Indians this year have had several councils rejoicing over the plenteous crops,
which is due to copious rains which have fallen since planting season, an increase
over last year of 4.22 inches, and which has given them crops never before experienced
on this reservation. The total number of acres actually under cultivation, will, I
think (if actually surveyed), reach 900. During this season 95 Indians have sown
36 REPORTS OF AGENTS IN DAKOTA.
wheat, and 66 have sown oats, showing an increased desire over last year on their
part to be independent and possess grain for themselves. They have sown some
400 acres of wheat, 150 acres of/ oats, 300 acres of corn and potatoes, 25 acres of
beans, which, estimated, will yield some 8,000_bushels of wheat, 6,000 bushels oats,
7,500 bushels potatoes, 6,250 bushels corn, and 375 bushels beans. From reports
brought to us by visitors to, and passers through, the reservation, we have reason to
be pleased and encouraged, for it is their universal expression that our crops are the
finest they have seen. The fact of this year of abundant crops has awakened a desire
in the minds of many of those who have thus far shown no evidence of work, and they
are applying for allotments, that they too may reap the fruits of labor.
Of the three tribes here, the Arickarees I consider the most progressive from what
I have seen, and seem to have a clear idea of what the future will be for those who
pursue an industrious course, and, taking them as a tribe, they are much more indus-
trious than the others, and more faithful to their work. This fact produces more
or less of a strife between the tribes, and the industrious disposition on the part of
the Rees has been very beneficial in bringing the others to see results and benefits of
labor.
While it is a fact that there are many young Gros Ventres roaming about the camp
costumed in the original Indian style, yet I think I can see a healthy growing dispo-
sition to become, as they say, '* white men, "anxious to learn and assume their ways.
Were it not for constant fear of the Canadian Chippewas, who have avowed them-
selves their deadly enemies, and who frequently make raids upon them, stealing their
ponies, and otherwise plundering them in a wholesale manner, they would feel much
more inclined to break away from their close tribal relations and take land in sever-
alty, and become independent farmers, but they still cling to the instructions of their
ancestors, and are huddled together at the village, feeling safe and protected. No-
ticing this development, we have broken 200 acres of prairie land, which will be
allotted to them in 5-acre lots, next spring, which will add forty farmers to our list.
During the mouth of June we sawed for Indian use and repairs 18,041 feet cotton-
wood lumber, and ground 34,020 pounds wheat flour from agency grain, and 20,871
pounds flour raised by Indians.
The boarding-school connected with this agency was opened for the reception of
pupils December 17 last with 24 names on the rolls, preparations having been made
ibr 48. On July 1 we reported 52 pupils, being an excess of 4 of the original prepa-
rations, and has made the quarters rather crowded. We are hoping, however, every
day to be authorized to so enlarge our school building as to accommodate 150 ; in
this event I apprehend no trouble in filling the full complement before another year.
The boys at the school are instructed in farming in all its branches, as well as the
use of carpenter's tools. The girls are taught cooking, sewing, and household duties
in general, and during the short time they have been under instructions show signs
of marked progress. Besides these of our own school, we have two at Hampton Normal
Institute and three at the mission school at Santee, Nebr.
The missionary work here seems progressive. Rev. C. L. Hall, resident missionary,
seems indefatigable in his efforts, and I should think much good must be the result
of his labors. The average attendance at chapel each Sabbath I am told is 53. The
audience is composed of a few whites. The exercises are in both the Indian and
English language.
I hope at the time for submitting my next annual report to be better enabled to
give a more concise and intelligent idea of the affairs under my charge.
All of which is respectfully submitted.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
ABRAM J. GIFFORD,
United States Indian Agent.
The COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
PINE RIDGE AGENCY, DAKOTA,
September 1, 1884.
SIR : I have the honor to submit my sixth annual report as agent for the Indians
of Pine Ridge Agency, Dakota.
There has been an average of 8,300 Indians present and carried on the rolls of the
agency during the past twelve months, of which 7,800 were of the Ogalalla and
mixed Sioux bands, and 500 of the Northern Cheyennes, these latter Indians having
been increased in numbers by the arrival, in September, 1883, of about 360 men, wo-
men, and children from the Cheyenne and Arapaho Agency in the Indian Territory,
which was the last remnant of the Northern Cheyennes — about 1,000 in number-
originally transferred to the Indian Territory from Northern Nebraska, after their
capture in the Sitting Bull campaign in 1876-77.
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN DAKOTA. 37
THE NORTHERN CHEYENNES.
These Indians remain in the non-progressive condition peculiar to them for several
years past. They do not build or live in houses, farm, or send their children to school,
considering themselves in their aboriginal egotism superior to the white man who
works for a living. I have been associated with them more or less for the past eight
years, and can observe no change in them since they surrendered from the war-path
in 1677. During the few years they lived Avith their southern brethren in the Indian
Territory they were a positive detriment to the latter, and now transferred north,
with the hope that they might settle down and change their ways, they prove just as
much of a detriment to the Sioux of Pine Ridge, or the settlers of Montana, killing
cattle when game is scarce, setting fire to the prairie for amusement or mischief, and
showing an utter disregard for past promises of effort on their part to improve their
condition. As a floating population they are here to-day and off for the Yellowstone
region in Montana to-morrow, where, after awhile, tiring of the precarious living to
be picked up hunting or stealing cattle, they return fora time to their Great Father's
store-houses at the agency. Thus they will continue until a forcible expulsion from
Montana no longer affords them asylum there, and a curtailment of rations on the
part of the Government may by stern necessity force them to perform some labor for
their subsistence ; for, reason and theorize as we may, the average Indian requires
a more solid argument than mere talk and advice to make him realize the necessity
of working for a living. To the above there are, of course, a few exceptions, and
they are entirely among the younger men.
THE SIOUX.
In marked contrast to the Cheyennes, the Sioux have progressed in a ratio com-
paring favorably with that of the immediately preceding years, rapidly abandoning
the congregated manner of building their houses in villages, and scattering the same
up and down on the arable lands in the creek bottoms, so that they now occupy about
100 miles of creek bottoms. They have also made great progress in abandoning many
of their old customs, noticeably that of
THE SUN DANCE,
which for the first time in the history of the Ogalalla Sioux and Northern Cheyennes
was not held. The abandonment of such a barbarous and demoralizing ceremony,
antagonistic to civilization and progress, as it has been proved, is a bright and prom-
ising event in the tribe's struggle toward advancement in the white man's ways, and
for this credit and thanks are due the younger element among the tribe, having
encountered in so doing the opposition of the old and non-progressive Indians. It is
to be hoped that a firm stand on the part of the Government in the future will pre-
vent the reappearance of the sun dance.
HOUSE-BUILDING.
This important industry has kept pace with other improvements, and having built
100 new houses in 1882-'83, the Indians have built a corresponding number in 1883-'84,
and they now occupy over 700 comfortable and substantial log buildings, and in ad-
dition to this many of the Indians have torn down, rebuilt, and enlarged the houses
which were the first efforts of constructing white men'sliabitations; also, in many in-
stances, adding comfortable stables and outbuildings, and all of this by their own in-
dividual labor.
STOCK-RAISING.
Stock-raising has succeeded as well as could be expected, many of the better class
of Indians now owning respectable sized herds, breaking in steers for work purposes,
and occasionally selling the increase to neighboring settlers, when in the opinion of
the agent the same is advisable.
There have been a few instances where evil-disposed Indians have, out of spite or
revenge, maimed or killed their neighbors' cattle, but a prompt incarceration in the
agency guard-house at hard labor is rapidly teaching them a respect for other peo-
ple's property. On the annual '* round up," or gathering of cattle, the Pine Ridge In-
dian now works in company with the stockmen of Nebraska and the Black Hills,
assisting each other in gathering and returning their strays, so that where a few
years ago each party preyed on the others' horses and cattle, now the most amicable
feeling prevails, and the Indian is welcome in the settler's house, while the settler is
welcomed when visiting the reservation on business or pleasure. As the future of
38 REPORTS OF AGENTS IN DAKOTA.
the Indian will be his gradual adoption of the white man's ways and absorption into
the general mixed population of the country, their friendly and neighborly intercourse
should be encouraged.
AGRICULTURE.
The Indians' attempts at farming have succeeded better the past year than ever
before, there having been double the acreage under cultivation, and the return in
produce of all kinds has been such as to encourage the hope that in the future, under
more systematic and enlarged efforts, this may prove a valuable and bountiful agri-
cultural region, and the Sioux in farming and stock-raising attain a successful result
in his efforts at self-support.
DISTRICTING THE RESERVATION.
The recent liberality of the Government in appointing three special farmers for this
agency will enable me to adopt a scheme which I have long desired, that of dividing
the reservation into districts, under individual farmers, who will act practically as
subagents in superintending farming, stock-raising, and all improvements in their
separate districts.
Consultation of the accompanying map will show the reservation to be of a nature
and shape very favorable for such arrangement, the settled portion for 40 miles to
the northeast being equally and naturally divided up by the four streams traversing
the region in a northwesterly direction and running parallel to each other, thus form-
ing the four districts of White Clay Creek, Wounded Knee Cre^k, Porcupine Creek,
and Medicine Root Creek, with a population of about 2,000 Indians in each, and with
two day-schools in the White Clay, two in the Wounded Knee, one in the Porcupine,
and one in the Medicine Root district. The farmers residing on and supervising the
work in their respective portions should work great improvement as compared with
the past, where the Indians, through lack of proper instruction, had, to a great ex-
tent, to work out their own salvation.
FREIGHTING.
This industry, as conducted by the Indians, has been equally successful as com-
pnred with the past, there having been over 500 wagons employed in freighting from
the railroad terminus at Valentine, Nebr., from which point they transported about
3,000,000 pounds of Government and traders' freight, earning in cash about $40,000 ;
and, in addition to the above, our Indians have tried the experiment of
FREIGHTING WHITE MEN'S SUPPLIES
to Custer and other towns in the Black Hills, a distance of 200 miles from Valentine,
Nebr., and have succeeded in hauling about 100,000 pounds through, for which they
were paid $2 per hundred, and are now en route to Valentine for a like amount, with
the promise of more in the future. It is gratifying to know that these very Indians,
who but a few years ago desolated the homes of the Black Hills settler, killing their
women and children, are now trusted in hauling in their own wagons valuable sup-
plies for these same settlers, with animals that in former times were war ponies and
are now broken in as draft-horses.
As an instance of the working ability and celerity of these Indians as teamsters, I
will state that on Thursday morning two weeks ago I left the agency with twenty-five
mounted police as a pioneer party and 100 Indian freight wagons, to open up a new
and direct roadjto Rapid City, in the Black Hills, about 100 miles distant, which town
has lately been selected as a flour-delivery point under the new contract. Striking
an old Indian trial, the Indians, by the use of pick and shovels, made a good road,
reaching Rapid City on Saturday evening. We rested over Sunday, loaded up 215,000
pounds of flour on Monday, and leaving Rapid City Tuesday afternoon, arrived with
the loaded train of 100 wagons back a.t the agency Friday morning. I question whether
white men could do better.
SUPPLIES.
The subsistence supplies have been excellent and compare favorably with those
used in the Army, and the prices paid have been low compared with market quota-
tions. The clothing and miscellaneous supplies have been good considering the low
prices paid. Under the contract system a cheap price purchases a cheap article.
Patriotism ana ''the love of the poor heathen" will not induce the contractor to
furnish a better article than the market can afford for the price.
}ine Ridge Agency.
itaofct
884.
Scale of Mit«S.
torarrn by fnul JZrodit .
43*
103*
Zenyitucie Westfror
43'
School .
o Indian houses *>** Settlements.
71 oacts .
H, EX, .„..£._., 2, 48,
Pine Ridge Agency.
Sioux Jridian, JLe&erv&bion,
s
A.
1884.
Scale of Mil«S.
tK>rarrn by Fan I JSrodit .
43
; . REPORTS OF AGENTS IN DAKOTA. 39
CHURCH AND MISSIONARY.
Tho Episcopal Church, under the supervision of its able and experienced bishop,
the Right Rev. William H. Hare, and the immediate management of the Rev. John
Robinson, has made such progress and so increased its converts that an immediate
enlargement of the church edifice has become imperative and will soon be carried out.
The Ogalallas, in their rapidly-changing condition, probably present to-day one of the
most promising fields for missionary labor to be found anywhere, but the difficulty of
securing not only the requisite funds, but people adapted for the work, forms a great
drawback. It is not every Christian who imagines he hears a call to go and teach
and Christianize the aborigines that will make success of the undertaking.
EDUCATION.
During the past year live day-schools have been kept in active operation. The
sixth one, located at the agency, having been discontinued on the opening of the
boarding-school, but as the necessity for increased school facilities immediately at the
agency is great, the day-school will be reopened. The five day schools in operation
kept up an average attendance of from 30 to 40 children each, and their progress was
good.
As soon as the other important work will allow time to attend to the matter five
additional day schools will be erected, as there is a greater demand for them, the only
drawback being the securing of reliable and competent teachers.
To be a successful day-school teacher requires a white person peculiarly adapted
for the position, isolated as their life is in an Indian village, comparatively remote
from other white people, with the task of instructing children in a language of which
they are entirely ignorant, the teacher at the same time ignorant of the language of
the people he is located with, and in addition the race prejudices to overcome on th«
part of the older people.
The question will be asked, Why not employ Indian graduates of our Eastern
schools, educated in the English language, to instruct their benighted people at the
agencies? The answer is, simply for the reason that up to date I have failed to find
an educated Indian or half-breed possessing the requisite amount of backbone, dis-
cipline, and judgment in his composition to fit him to fill successfully the independent
position of teacher in charge of a day-school remote from the agency, and I have tried
several of them. These Indian graduates do well in subordinate positions in board-
ing-schools, in shops, and in outdoor industrial work instructing their people.
The fault is not entirely with them, but largely with their own people, who, imbued
with the " Dennis Kearney" feeling prevalent among the uneducated among all na-
tions, and particularly noticeable with the colored and Indian races, immediately
become jealous of one of their fellows who by his individual efforts and perseverance
has risen above them in their condition of ignorance, and in consequence they will
not submit to the same control or instructions from him as they would from a white
person.
THE BOARDING-SCHOOL.
Our boarding-school opened in December last with 80 children, equally divided
between the sexes, and to date has been a most decided success, under the able and
efficient management of the ladies in charge of the different departments.
In the school no servants have been employed, the entire labor in conducting the
same having been performed by the children, directed and assisted by the ladies in
charge. The teachers and assistants consist of one principal teacher, one assistant
teacher, one matron, one cook or housekeeper, one seamstress, and one laundress.
The above employe's were selected in Chicago with special reference to their having
education sufficient to instruct and direct, and at the same time health and willing-
ness to also labor, and although their work was hard and continuous at the begin-
ning, it is now very much lightened by the children's acquired ability to perform the
various household duties. In connection with the boarding-school a large garden has
been coudiicted during the summer, where the boys have been engaged in outdoor la-
bor, much to their advantage, also tae care of stock.
The school has from the very first, however, proved entirely inadequate in size and
outside appurtenances for industrial work, the extreme limit of the accommodations
being but 80 children, whereas on opening the school over 200 applicants for admit-
tance presented themselves. In consequence of this condition of affairs the de-
partment has very liberally allowed funds sufficient for au enlargement of the build-
ing to a capacity of 250, and the work is now under contract and being performed,
to be completed January next.
In addition to the above, instructions have been received from the department to
make up plans and estimates for industrial shops in connection with the school, to
40 REPORTS OF AGENTS IN DAKOTA.
instruct the boys in shoe and harness making, tailoring, wheelwright, blacksmith,
carpenter, and tin-shop work, which instructions are now being attended to. Con-
sidering the above facts, the school system at Pine Ridge should be a success in the
future, and the only hope for the survival of the Ogalalla Sioux made a certainty by
their rising generation being educated and trained in the road of the white man.
A matter quite noticeable in the diet of the boarding-school was the large amount
of meat required at first to satisfy the naturally carnivorous appetites of the children
and the small amount of flour that sufficed them, and the fact that after a few weeks'
•sojourn in the school and study the amount of beef required diminished, and the
amount of beans, flour, and articles of vegetable diet increased. Does the unaccus-
tomed mental labor act as cause and effect in a meat- eating people?
MEDICINE.
Much good has resulted from the skill and energy of the agency physician, of whose
interesting subreport I would invite a perusal.
In this connection I would strongly urge as aids in the civilization of these people
the appointment of at least two assistant physicians, as it is not to be expected that
the physician with over 8,000 Indians to care for can give them any kind of attention
in their villages scattered put for 40 miles, his whole time being occupied in office
practice or attending the wants of those in the immediate vicinity of the agency.
With the American Indian, as with other savage nations, the native medicine-man
combines the calling of physician, priest, and prophet. He is, above all others, bar-
barism personified, and is through his influence over a superstitious following, one of
the principal obstacles in the way of civilization. Therefore no effort or means should
be neglected to destroy his influence and'himself in his peculiar capacity.
TRADERS.
We have now on the reservation seven white and three full-blood Indian trading
stores, with a probable increase in the future in the number in distant villages.
PUBLIC HIGHWAY.
There was opened during the past year, under the Sioux agreement of 1876, a pub-
lic road through the center of the reservation, running northwest from Valentine,
Nebr., the railroad terminus, down Porcupine Creek to the Black Hills. The opening
of the road naturally, met the strong opposition of some of the Indians, but as the
agreement signed by the Indians provided for it, there was no way of preventing.
There are no doubt objections to the road, but on the other hand it tends to bring
the Indians more or less in contact with civilization and intercourse with the outside
world; a thing they will soon have to come to in any event, and up to date I have
seen no evil resulting.
POLICE.
The Indian police, 50 in number, have been a credit to the agency, and have, if
anything, increased their efficiency over that of former years, and I have yet to note
a case where officer or private has been neglectful of his duty or insubordinate. Of
the 50, one of the non-commissioned officers, acting as sergeant of the guard, with four
privates, is on duty at the agency guard-house day and night for a week, and is then
relieved by a fresh detail, the balance of the force being scattered out on duty at the
villages, each of which is provided with a sergeant in charge.
With this distribution of police over the reserve it is impossible for any conspiracy
to be concocted or trouble arise which cannot be " nipped in the bud," as it is possi-
ble in an emergency to throw the whole force into any district on a day's notice. The
police are simply invaluable; they could not be efficiently replaced by troops, and
the reservation, in the changing condition toward civilization, with an increasing
amount of property at stake, could not be managed without them. The Indian police-
man carries out his orders to a dot, and, unlike many of his white models East, he is
no respecter of persons. The Eastern " philanthropist " or Western cowboy, the Indian
chief or ordinary "buck," is all the same to him in the line of his duty. "Poor Lo,"
as a guardian of the peace, feels that the agent will assume all responsibility. And
all of this he does for the munificent allowance of $5 per month.
THE COURT OF INDIAN OFFENSES.
I regret to report that the court of itself has been a failure, and not from any op-
position on the part of the majority of these Indians to law and order, but from an
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN DAKOTA. 41
inherent defect in the proposed composition of the court, which, in the absence of funds
to employ regular Indian judges, provides that the three senior officers of the police
shall actfin that capacity without extra compensation. As a reply to the proposition
I will but quote the words of Standing Soldier, first lieutenant of police :
Father, we have served the Government and our people faithfully for five years. In protecting life
and property and adopting the white man's ways we have risked our lives and incurred the enmity
of many of our people, and for that service we, as commissioned officers of the police receive but $8
per month and furnish our own horse, while the enlisted private white soldier is paid $15 per month
and is supplied with a horse. Now, to act as judges over our people and condemn them to punish-
ment when necessary will still further endanger our lives and increase their enmity, and we will be
paid nothing in addition therefor, and we do not think that it is well to have the same man that acts
as judge also act as policeman and perform the punishment. They tell me that is not the way the
white man manages his own court. We are still willing to remain as policemen, hoping the Great-
Father will some time give us more pay for our service.
The police declining to serve asjudges, no court has been appointed, butin the absence
of same, the more progressive Indians have organized what they term "a permanent
board of councilinen," made up of delegates from the different villages, electing by reg-
ular ballot " Young- man-afriid-of-his-horses" president, with additional officers. The
board propose to assume general supervision and management for their people, try and
condemn offenders, &c. The scheme has been in operation but a few weeks. They meet
regularly every fortnight, and oftener if necessary. I have already in the agency safe
$10 deposited to the credit of the board by a young Indian, who abandoned his wife
for a handsome girl. He having been found guilty, was fined $10, or thirty days in
the house of correction at hard labor. I expect much good from the movement.
" PROTECTION OF PROPERTY, PERSON, AND LIFE."
In this connection I will invite attention to the following article of the Sioux agree-
ment made between the Sioux tribe of Indians and the United States, September 26,
1876, and ratified by act of Congress February 28, 1877.
ART. 8. The provisions of the said treaty of 1868, except as herein modified, shall continue in full
force, and with the provisions of this agreement, shall apply to any country which may hereafter be
occupied by the said Indians as a home, and Congress shall, by appropriate legislation, secure to them
an orderly government ; they shall be subject to the laws of the United State s, and each individual
shall be protected in his rights of property, person, and life.
Also the two following sections, Rev. U. S. Statutes:
SECT. 2145. Except as to crimes, the punishment of which is expressly provided for in this title, the
general laws of the United States as to crimes committed in any place within the sole and exclusiue
jurisdiction of the United States, except the District of Columbia, shall extend to the Indian country.
SECT. 2146. The preceding section shall not be construed to extend to [crimes committed by one In-
dian against the person or property of another Indian, nortol any Indian committing any ofiense in the
Indian country who has been punished by the local laws of his tribe, or any case where, by treaty '
stipulations, the exclusive jurisdiction over such offenses, is, or may be, secured to the Indian tribes
respectively.
About three years ago, at this agency, a young Indian named Spotted Elk, shot
another Indian named White Cow Walking down in cold blood. The latter Indian
was unarmed. It was undoubtedly. a case of unprovoked murder, and so acknowl-
edged by the Indians. A short time after, Crow Dog killed Spotted Tail at the neigh-
boring Rosebud agency, and other Indians have murdered each other since at that
agency. The offenders were tried and " punished by the local laws of the tribe,"
fined a few head of ponies each, according to the custom of the tribe, and liberated.
The United States marshal, under treaty of 1868 and article 8 of the Sioux agree-
ment of 1876, arrested Crow Dog and Spotted Elk, and brought them before the
United States court at Deadwood, Dak., for trial. Crow Dog was found guilty of
murder, and condemned to be hung. Asa test, the case of Crow Dog was carried up
to the Supreme Court at Washington, and last winter that tribunal ordered his lib-
eration, as, under the above quoted section 2146, Revised Statutes, the court at Dead-
wood had no jurisdiction. The two murderers were set free and permitted to re-
turn to the reservation.
As a consequence, theBrule Sioux chief, White Thunder, the best friend the Gov-
ernment had at Rosebud Agency, was, at that agency, murdered last June by Young
Spotted Tail and Thunder Hawk, and nothing can be done with them, they having
been " punished by the local laws of the tribe," and paid their ponies. More mur-
ders will necessarily follow, there being no fear of the law to prevent the same. An
educated and civilized man, a missionary or teacher, who may have spent years of
his life in the east, acquiring an education to become useful as an instructor to his
people, can, if he be so unfortunate as to have Sioux blood, even in part, in his
veins, be murdered on the reservation any time, and the affair settled with a few
ponies, because, forsooth, it would be a " crime committed by one Indian against an-
other." The above facts form a sad commentary on our solemn promise of protection
to life, person, and property under article 8, agreement of 1876, ratified by act of
42 REPORTS OF AGENTS IN DAKOTA
Congress in February, 1877. Advance in civilization and protection under the law
should go hand in hand.
The reservation generally has been remarkably free from crime, and notwithstand-
ing the opening of the public highway and the rapid settling up of the neighboring
State of Nebraska, intoxication is a thing unknown.
I extend thanks to the employe's generally for assistance rendered and labor per-
formed.
Appreciating the firm support extended to me by the Department, and sincerely
hoping the Secretary of the Interior and Commissioner of Indian Affairs under the
next administration may be as practically successful in the management of the " prob-
lem " as the present incumbents,
I am, very respectfully,
V. T. McGILLYCUDDY,
United States Indian Agtnt.
The COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
ROSEBUD AGENCY, DAKOTA,
August as, 1884.
SIR: I have the honor to present herewith my annual report of the condition of af-
fairs at this agency for the past year in accordance with your instructions.
I am gratified to be able to say that the desire to progress and advance in white
man's ways and follow the wishes of the Great Father, as expressed to me at the time
of my assuming charge two years ago by the chiefs and headmen of the different
bands of Indians at this agency, has been fulfilled to a commendable degree ; cer-
tainly not all that could be desired or perhaps expected from Indians in localities
where the surroundings would have an influence, but under all circumstances consid-
ering previous condition, with the strong influences in the contrary direction, not dis-
appointing. There is an increased inclination to citizens' clothing, more industry, and
a more quiet and respectful demeanor at and about the agency than formerly ; ^if not
less objectionable practices, they are at least kept more private, showing the knowl-
edge of wrong and the desire to keep them from public view. How far this extends
outside among the camps and villages it would be difficult to say. From personal
observation, with other evidence, I am inclined to believe civilization is making pro-
ress among this people, if but by slow degrees.
FARMS AND AGRICULTURE.
In speaking of the progress in agricultural work, it is not to be supposed that farms
among the Indians are referred to or from the white man's standpoint. While there
are some few farms of from 10 to 80 acres each, part of which are cultivated in a cred-
itable manner by Indians of full blood (one at least having 25 acres, and others of 10
acres each of corn that would do credit to white men), with these exceptions the
so-called "farms" of the Indian vary from one-half an acre to 5 acres each. But,
however small, it is a step forward; from these small beginnings larger efforts may
be hoped for. .Many of these "farms" have been commenced the past spring with the
aid and instruction of the agency farmer; also, in some cases the assistance of agency
teams in plowing for those unprovided with teams and tools. Many have been in-
duced to move from sand-hills and unproductive localities, where much the larger
poition of the Indians of this agency are still located, for the only reason that it is
near to wood and water, and not very distant from the commissary or base of supplies.
My effort has .been to induce them to change to more desirable locations, in a few in-
stances with success. New camps have been formed, new "farms" commenced,
where some houses have been built, with a promise of permanency. Corn, potatoes,
and garden-seeds were received and distributed, care being taken to guard against an
improper use being made of them; it is not expected that all were planted, but it is
known that most were.
Fencing wire to the amount of 30,000 pounds was received and issued to those hav-
ing land under cultivation and posts set ready to make the fence, inclosing 1,075
acres. The insufficiency of quantity disappointed many applicants. It is hoped that
an additional supply may be received to fill the wants of all deserving applicants.
Much discouragement occurs to the Indian who is not over careful in protecting his
field, when the crop is destroyed by roving cattle or ponies. Wire for a two- wire
fence was issued; three wires would be more effectual, and in the end economical.
The services of the agency farmer have been appreciated and beneficial, he has
visited the various camps as much as possible, and at all times a welcome visitor;
many have profited by his instruction. The long distance from the agency and the
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN DAKOTA. 43
-camps from each other, with one farmer, necessarily make these visits less frequent,
and the sojourn at the camps shorter than desirable or advantageous. I am recently
advised that three additional farmers are to be appointed for this agency for practical
work and instruction. I consider this a movement in the right direction; with men
adapted to the duty, who will take an interest in the work, good results may be
hoped for. I have no doubt of the Indians appreciating these efforts in their behalf
-and profiting thereby.
Crop returns to the Indians last year were generally good, encouraging many to
enlarge their efforts and others to follow the example. The dry weather of midsum-
mer with severe hail-storms in parts of the reservation, have injured the growing
crop in some sections, causing some discouragement, though not general. Although
this can never be claimed as an agricultural country, as stated in my last report, there
are redeeming qualities in the many small creeks on the bottoms of which good ara-
ble land is found, and is being settled upon by the most enterprising and progressive.
There is a growing inclination to locate and take lands in severalty. Several have
made application and received certificates, an example which many seem inclined to
follow.
In renewing here the suggestions I had the honor to submit in my letter of Feb-
ruary 4 last, I am satisfied that no better plan or inducement can be made to these
people for permanent settlement on the lands at long distances from the agency, and
if followed hope may be entertained for their becoming self-sustaining to some extent
at no very remote period. The great obstacle to overcome with these people is their
roving, unsettled disposition. An Indian will build for himself a log house, plow and
fence a small tract of land. At the expiration of the season, if not before, he will take
the house down, or leave it and everything else, to go to or with his relatives to an-
other locality, and do all the work over again for another season. Few retain the
same tract of laud for more than a single year, breaking the sod for each crop. To
overcome this roving inclination and induce them to become permanent, taking lands
in severalty, I would respectfully recommend the following plan : Select for a band
of these Indians lauds in localities on the different creeks (of which there are several
in the country available for cultivation); build from two to three good, comfortable
houses for the chiefs or headmen (conforming with article 6 of articles of agreement
with Sioux Indians September .26, 1876: * * * "The Government shall, with his
aid, erect a comfortable house on such allotment"), and furnish lumber to others to
enable them to copy from these; select and allot to and fence for each family a tract
of land ; furnish oxen to cultivate the same, and cows for stocking at this camp; build
a school-house, with teacher's residence (as stipulated for in article 5 of above agree-
ment and treaty of Ib6fe), and attach thereto a storehouse, the teacher to be superin-
tendent of the distiict in instructing the young in school and the elders in farming
and all other work, under supervision of the agency farmer, reporting their wants to
the agent.
As an inducement to permanent settlement at these camps at long distances from
the agency, I would recommend that the Indians should be permitted to draw rations
for such period as the distance should warrant ; otherwise that supplies be sent in
bulk to the camps and issued from the storehouse there by the teacher, in weekly
issues, same as now at the agency, informing the Indians located at such camps that
they will be recognized by their homes at that camp, their rations issued to them
there and not elsewhere ; that a removal will forfeit their rights at that locality, and
rations, if issued to them after removal at all, will be at the agency only. By this
plan I a nr assured Indians can be induced to go from barren localities, where it is
impossible to help themselves in the way of cultivating the soil or herding stock, and
where at present the largest number of those belonging to this agency are living.
Since writing the foregoing letter I am more than ever convinced of the practica-
bility and success of the plan, if put into execution, being daily told that the Indians
will go to farniiug.in permanent camps if they can have their rations so as not to have
to spend all their time coming to the agency "for them. Three new camps have been
made ut from 95 to 65 miles distant. Many' have moved to camps already established.
All want rations for longer time than one week, and ask that their beef may be given
to them alive for from one. to thrree months, each camp to herd their cattle till such
time as they require them. The only objection that can be raised to the proposition
would be that, having their wants supplied, they might wander over or off the reser-
vation, or that, being notedly improvident, they would consume what they had and
importune for more before the time had expired for which they had been supplied.
Discretion would have to be used in both cases. The objects and inducements to go
away do not exist as formerly. If improvidence led them to waste or consume their
substance it would not be practiced a second time when they found the supply would
not be renewed till the proper time, so teaching providence for the future, a lesson
much needed, and when practiced will prove one of their greatest benefits.
Agency removal has been spoken of and advised. A location for an Indian agency
could not easily be selected less appropriate, or desirable, than this one. This is the
44 REPORTS OF AGENTS IN DAKOTA.
expressed opinion and surprise of all who visit it; but it is here, and the mistake, if
any, made. Much money has been spent in the construction of buildings and im-
provements, which must be lost, and as much more expended in a new locality, if
changed. While a change of location would be desirable, and certainly pleasant for
all connected therewith, much more good could be accomplished for the Indians by
adopting the plan I have suggested, and by expending the money necessary for re-
moval in the proposed improvements. It would be of little consequence, except as to
convenience, where the agency was situated, if the Indians were located in distant
camps, and were not required to come to the agency for supplies.
STOCK RAISING.
These Indians are giving more attention to stock raising than formerly. Quite a
number now have small herds, a few numbering from 50 to 100 head of cattle ; sev-
eral have saved their beef issues, broken them to work, and have now good-looking
oxen from this saving.
The agency herd of beef cattle, as also those belonging to the Indians, fared well
during the past winter, it being favorable weather till about April, when the most
severe storm of the season prevailed and large numbers of stock died. While our
loss in stock cattle was heavy, it was not so severe as in surrounding herds, which in
some instances were almost annihilated.
Fifty yoke of work oxen were recently issued among the Indians who had made per-
manent settlements. More could have'been distributed to very good advantage. It
was a small number to distribute among so many, and inclined to create dissatisfac-
tion when they knew so many more were given, with wagons, to their neighbors.
The Indians are at all times anxious and ready to earn what they can by freight-
ing. They would be well pleased to be kept constantly at this work. There are five
applications at the office for every load of freight to be hauled. They do this work
faithfully and well. If furnished with the means, and there was the freighting to be
done, the road would show a steady stream of Indian teams. The freight from all
sources (agency and traders) at this agency for the past year has been 2,003,000
pounds, and th.e earnings therefrom $10,050.
SUPPLIES,
Both subsistence and annuity, have been ample and good. The flour might have
been better ; it is hoped the new supply will be. The new contract price is lower,
but this should not imply a poorer quality. Savings in supplies have been made,
whenever practicable, with a proper regard to economy and actual wants. All such
are taken up at intervals and reported in the regular schedules, conforming with re-
ceipts taken for the same. Were these savings itemized, an aggregate large amount
could be shown. So long as returns are made thereof in proper schedules it is not
thought necessary to enumerate the items or value. Five hundred thousand pounds
of beef cattle, value about $20,000, was transferred to Pine Ridge Agency, from my
supply on hand, which will necessitate my calling on the new contract earlier than I
otherwise would. The Indians have had their wants amply provided for until re-
cently. The receipt of new contract supplies being later than usual, has left me
without several articles of constant demand and necessity ; they are now arriving in
time to prevent dissension.
IMPROVEMENTS.
Among the improvements completed during the past year are the enlargement of
the physican's quarters, giving him convenient and comfortable rooms for his family.
A new blacksmith shop has been built, detached from other buildings. This was
taken out of the building in which is the carpenter shop and agency stores, so giving
more security from accident by fire, and at the same time increased storage for tools,
implements, &c., in the shop vacated. A new and commodious cattle corral, with
scale and weigh house, has been constructed — a much needed improvement, appreci-
ated by all. The machinery of the agency saw-mill was sent east, overhauled and
thoroughly repaired, and in part renewed. A wire fence some 30 miles long, at the
folks of Little and Big White Rivers, has been built, forming one side of a cattle
range ; has proven very satisfactory and serviceable. Two school-houses, with teachers'
residences, have been erected at outside camps ; these are convenient and well adapted
to their purpose. The general appearance of the agency proper is improved by needed
repairs.
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN DAKOTA. 45
SCHOOLS AND EDUCATION.
The old dispensary building, converted into a school-house at the agency, was
ready for opening September, 1, 1883. Some delay was occasioned by the teachers en-
gaged declining, from different reasons, when notified. The opening was further de-
layed by the arrival of Captain Pratt to obtain scholars for the Carlisle, Pa., indus-
trial school. On his departure with 48 pupils this school was < pened, on November
5, 188:?, with fair prospects. The room prepared was more than filled with 40 scholars,
and the second room prepared to accommodate 40. This was completed to within
one hour's work on the 29th December, to be occupied on the 31st, when, by the over-
heating of the stove-pipe by a young Indian mechanic working there at the time,
the ceiling boards caught fire. Prompt means were used, and, with little damage, the
fire supposed to be entirely extinguished. Very early next morning the building
was discovered to be in flames beyond control with the means at command; the build-
ing was soon in ruins. It was the oldest and least valuable building on the agency;
was originally brought from Ponca ; had been converted into and used for various
purposes. It is hoped that a new building will soon replace this one destroyed, in
time to commence school at the regular term, or very soon thereafter. Temporary
quarters were prepared in the house of the employe's, with such furniture as was on
hand, and the school continued with fair success till Col. S. F. Tappau, superintend-
ent of the Genoa, Nebr., Indian industrial school (who had been here for pupils for
about six weeks), was ready to leave for his school, on February 15, when most of the
scholars joined his company of 73 boys and girls and went with him. This so far de-
pleted our agency school that few scholars were left. It was some time before the
number was recruited again to a respectable attendance. The number attending the
agency school varied, as stated, from 40 to an average of 20. The irregularity in at-
tendance at agency day schools is proverbial ; this one has not been an exception ;
but if left free from outside influence, I have no hesitancy in saying it would be suc-
cessful and satisfactory.
The mission school of the Catholic Church was opened about January 1, by Rev. F.
M. Craft, who reported an aggregate of 79 scholars ; his three reports averaging 76,
daily atteudence averaging 21. When this school closed, February 20, none of the
children were allowed to attend the agency school. Certainly some corrective influ-
ence should be used to prevent a continuance of this practice; otherwise agency day
schools given entirely into this control. There has been one mission school at Little
Oak Creek, under control of the Episcopal Church, with an attendance of 25, the teacher
holding regular church services ; another at Black Pipe Creek lately commenced with
29 scholars. Both of these promise to be good sites for camp schools.
Oak Creek Camp school was opened February 25, with an attendance of 32, daily
average 25, almost every one of school age within a radius of 3 miles having attended
quite regularly. Night school, three nights per week, has also been held here for older
scholars, with an attendance of 20, certainly showing some interest in education in
this vicinity. Another school-house and teacher's residence has been erected at anew
camp, which is to be opened September 1 next. The expressed desire of the Indians
at the different camps to have schools in their vicinity, the attendance of young and
old, as well as the number sent away to various schools off the reservation, does credit
to these people, who, if left to themselves and their own volition on this subject, would
quite ignore education; but when the advantages to their children are pressed upon
them, and persuasion used, they will comply and send.
There is a decided reluctance to send away to school for many reasons, sickness and
death not the least, and the labor is great necessary to induce them to do so. The in-
variable answer to the request to send away is, "We have been promised for a long
time by the Great Father that we should have a boarding-school at this agency. Why
do we not have it ? Have such a one built here as at other agencies and we will send
our children. We do not want to send our children from home." What answer can
be made to this? I cannot make any, knowing that such promise has been made and
repeated, but not kept. The nearest to its fulfillment is the purchase of part of the ma-
terial three years ago, and which is still held for that purpose ; the holding, as I was told
at the Indian Office, of $15,000 for the building ; the repeated plans (the latest very elab-
orate) ; the selection of a site by a special agent sent expressly for that purpose : the
advertising for bids for building, and the day fixed for letting the contract — where the
matter has rested. Why are the Indians not right in asking, "Why has not this build-
ing been built ?" and " Why has not the oft-repeated promise been fulfilled ?" I am
advised that this is the only agency in the service not provided with a boarding-school,
though it is one of the largest. Why ?
Notwithstanding this reluctance to send their children away, and the difficulty in
persuading them to do so, the record of those sent to the different schools is commend-
able, especially as compared with former years. During my administration of affairs at
this agency, there have been sent off the reservation toVarious schools as follows:
industrial school, Carlisle, Pa., 82; industrial school, Genoa, Nebr., 120; Lincoln In-
46 REPORTS OF AGENTS IN DAKOTA.
stitute, Philadelphia, 11; Catholic school, Yankton, Dak., 20; mission schools, 36 ;
O'Neil, Nebr., 4 ; making a total of those sent away of 273. Add those attending school
on the reservation, making a total of 450 at school during the past two years.
It is expected that authority will be received to build four new camp schools, for
which application has been made, when the number of scholars in attendance at
school it is expected will be largely increased. Could board and lodging be furnished
in the vicinity of the schools, many would attend who are now prevented by distance
•f residence. Many such applications have been made.
HOUSE BUILDING,
to a corninenda.ble degree, has continued. Many of the poorer houses have been
rebuilt, others improved, and new ones erected. There is a notable improvement in
the construction of new houses; many old ones are but poor apologies, while some-
new ones would do credit to the early settlers of our Western country. The sawing
and issue of lumber has been an incentive, and made a marked improvement in build-
ing. One hundred thousand feet of lumber has been made at Government expense
and distributed. In addition to this the Indians have cut, hauled, and had sawed for
their own use over 1,000 logs, largely more than ever before, making over 100,000 feet
of lumber, showing industry and a desire for improvement and comfort in their dwell-
ings. There have been 200 houses improved and built during the past year, and at
present there is a total of 650 houses on this reservation. The aggregate quantity of
lumber sawed at the agency saw-mill this year, including that for Indians from In-
dian logs, is 240,000 feet.
WATER SUPPLY.
No change has been made in supplying the agency with water. I consider the-
present mode as not only expensive, but very unsatisfactory.
At the recent burning of the school building, but for the stillness of the wind materi-
ally greater loss would have been sustained than would cover the expense of perma-
nent water works and give ample protection to all buildings and property. Tile-
building adjacent to the school-house destroyed was in great danger, exciting my
anxiety, without means to protect it or all buildings in the near vicinity, which, with
the high winds prevalent here, might and probably would endanger all buildings on
the agency ; as it was, the situation was critical. I consider it my duty to impress-
upon the authorities the necessity of better protection and security.
DEATH OF WHITE THUNDER.
The quietude and monotony of affairs at the agency were broken on the evening of
May 29 by the killing of chief White Thunder by Spotted Tail (son of the late chief
Spotted Tail) and an Indian named Thunder Hawk. This was the culmination of
an old feud or jealousy between White Thunder and Spotted Tail. Both parties had
been in my office during the forenoon of the <lay of the killing. I had no reason to
suspect any hostile intention on the part of either. My information, obtained princi-
pally from Spotted Tail after the fracas, is that White Thunder, feeling aggrieved,
went to Spotted Tail's camp and took therefrom seven horses and other property.
Spotted Tail going to his camp and seeing some of his horses dead on the road, he,
with two others, Thunder Hawk and Long Pumpkin, went to and commenced firing
into the camp of White Thunder's friends, during which White Thunder received
two rifle shots, one from Spotted Tail, in the leg, and another from Thunder Hawk, in
the breast, from which he soon died. Long Pumpkin was thought to be mortally
wounded. He has progressed till the present time, with prospects of final recovery.
The father of White Thunder was less seriously wounded, but, on account of extreme
age, may not recover. Six horses were killed in the affray. The next morning Spotted
Tail and Thunder Hawk answered my summons and appeared before me for examina-
tion. The above is in substance the result of niy investigation. To guard against
further hostilities and bloodshed I deemed it prudent and proper that these two
should be removed from the vicinity of the agency and the antagonism of the friends
or band of White Thunder (who had not yet reported at the agency). I sent them to
Fort Niobrara, with a request to the commanding officer that they might be detained
in safe-keeping, subject to instructions from the Department. They have been kept
prisoners at the fort since that time, and are still there, on instructions received through
the Indian Office from the War Department " to be detained till further notice.''
Since the time of the killing of White Thunder the bands of these antagonistic chiefs
have met and in their way settled the differences between them, come to amicable terms,
and, as they report to me, made peace. True, no more hostile feeling has*becn made
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN DAKOTA.. 47
manifest, and these men might return without causing further hostilities ; but if there
is no law to punish or detain offenders of such character in durance, they should not
be returned to the place of their crimes, where the friends and relatives of the mur-
dered reside, and who stand ready, whenever afflicted with " bad hearts" or " mourn-
ing," to avenge the offense, endangering the lives of many and good government of
all.
I look upon this trouble as an outgrowth of the return to this agency of Crow Dog
(the murderer of Chief Spotted Tail, August, 1881), imprisoned, tried, convicted, and
condemned for his crime. Afterwards on the decision of the United States Supreme
Court "that the court had no jurisdiction over Indian offenders against Indians," he
was released and returned here, feeling of more importance than the highest chief of
the nation. His presence from the time of his return has been the cause of jealousy
and heart-burnings. It has at different times appeared as though trouble would re-
sult from this cause. White Thunder had become one of the progressive men among;
the Indians, had recently induced a number of his baud to leave the vicinity of the
agency, to form a new camp where good farms could be made, and, by his exarnpler
induced them to go to work. His death will be a loss to his people, as also to the
whites, to whom he was a good friend. His influence was on the side of good gov-
ernment, law, and order.
COUKT OF INDIAN OFFENSES.
The reasons given in nay last report for not nominating judges for a court of Indian
offenses exist now as then. Suitable persons to fulfill such duties as are called for in
the requirements would be difficult, if not impossible, to find among these Indians..
TELEGRAPH.
The circumstances, and the possibility of the repetition, with the excitement in-
separable from such cases as the death of White Thunder, impress the importance
of telegraphic communication. The hope entertained a year ago, from conveisation,
with the authorities at Washington, that authority would be received for the con-
struction of a line of telegraph connecting the agency with Fort Niobrara and Valen-
tine, Nebr. (terminus of Sioux City and Pacific Railroad), there with the Western Union
line, so with Washington and all other points, has so far not been realized. The
importance of such a line cannot be overestimated, and in my opinion it should be
built.
INDIAN POLICE.
The number of this force, reduced a year ago by office orders to 25, has now, by
same authority and my request, been increased to 40 ( within 10 of the original num-
ber at this agency). This will add much to their authority and efficiency ; they have
retained their reputation for attention to duty.
The guard-house built a year ago has served a good purpose for our people. It has
been the preventive more than the cure, without being put to practical use. For
outsiders it has served an excellent refuge for those coming ladeu internally or ex-
ternally with whisky ; on one or two such occasions it has made its existence known
and felt.
MEDICINE.
Dr. F. Grinnell, the agency physician, has fully sustained the reputation brought
with him somewhat over a year ago. He is ever ready to the call of the needy, able
and efficient at all times. Dr. Grinnell reports to me that he has treated 2,143
patients for the fiscal year ending June 30 last, medical and surgical, with 21 deaths.
Among these are a number of very interesting cases, one struck with lightning. He
reports :
A young woman while sitting in her lodge, the bolt taking effect on the left side of the head, burning
the hair for a space of two inches. The track of the bolt, extending down the left side as far as the
knee, was marked by severe contusion, the scars now remaining resembling those of deep burns. The
woman was prostrated by the stroke and considered dead by her friends, but soon exhibited signs of
life ; for some weeks she suffered from paralysis of the left side, but is now convalescent.
A hospital is very much needed. The old, infirm, and many with chronic diseases would be especially
benefited by such provision. A man with gunshot wound, producing comminuted fracture of the
femur, is now lying in a "tepee," with the hot sun pouring in, making it exceedingly uncomfortable
to remain the short time needed to examine the wo :nd. No nurae is provided, and the man is at the
mercy of the few Indians, who cannot be depended upon to wash the wound or wait upon the patient.
It must be evident that such treatment of cases cannot result satisfactorily.
At Fort Niobrara, 35 miles distant, there are provided for a mere handful of soldiers a hospital
48 REPORTS OF AGENTS IN DAKOTA.
nurse, hospital steward, and two physicians, while here, with nearly 8,000 Indians, the Government
provides one physician, who is expected to be his own janitor, nurse, steward, attend his dispensary,
and visit the sick in camp. It is clear, with a sufficient medical service to supply all demands, the
Indians would much more readily forsake their old notions of medicine and adopt those used in civilized
life. Especially would this be the case if they could see their sick properly cared for in a hospital.
I fully concur in Dr. Gritmell's recommendation for a hospital, and consider it would
be one of the best and surest means of bringing the Indians under the management
and treatment of the agency physician, and in cases of epidemic diseases (liable at
any time) indispensable.
MISSIONARY AND CHURCH WORK.
The missionary work of this agency has continued to progress favorably, under the
able and untiring efforts of the Rev. William J. Cleveland, of the Episcopal Church,
who has labored long and acceptably with these Indians, whose patient efforts in their
behalf are shown by constant appeals from all, whether professedly identified with his
church or not. In addition to his church and Sunday-school work at the agency he
has mission stations at Oak Creek and Little Oak Creek, where lay-readers are located,
who have regular services, with Sunday schools. Church buildings at one or both of
these stations are contemplated.
The Roman Catholic Church established a mission at this agency somewhat over a
year ago, under charge of Rev. F. M. Craft, who was subsequently joined by Rev. J.
A. Bushman. Both of these gentlemen have been energetic in their labors, and
erected a building to serve as school-room or chapel until such time as the extended
plan of their building is carried out. It was my painful duty to report to the Depart-
ment some of the teachings and sayings to the Indians of the Rev. Mr. Craft, wherein
he held himself and his church above all civil law or the authority, wishes, or in-
structions of the President, honorable Secretary of the Interior, or any other consti-
tuted authority. Such pernicious doctrine inculcated into the minds of these people
could not but be subversive of all law and order, setting at defiance and ignoring the
authority of the agent. Reports of other acts of Rev. Mr. Craft had previously been
made to the Department by parties in official position visiting the agency, stating
wherein he had used his influence with the Indians to prevent them sending children
to the Indian industrial schools. Upon these reports the order of the honorable Sec-
retary of the Interior was received, through the Office of Indian Affairs, that he (Rev.
Graf ) should be expelled from the reservation and India i country, which was exe-
cuted, and Rev. Mr. Craft ordered away, leaving February '20 last. It is to be hoped
his successor, should one be sent, will entertain different views of civil law, be pos-
sessed of that Christian virtue "charity," entertain and teach more catholic views
on all subjects, religion included. This has been one of the most unpleasant duties of
my experience at this agency, preferring to see and aid every effort in the direction of
Christianity and advancement, and not even in appearance impede any effort from
minister, priest, or layman, whose special duty this is or should be.
CONCLUSION.
While all efforts fall short of what is hoped for or perhaps expected, there is a little
satisfaction in realizing some advancement is made and is apparent. People are
judged, and should be, from the advantages they have enjoyed and the means used
for their advancement, and not from their actual condition alone. The Indians of
this agency should not be an exception to this rule. From the means used for their im-
provement, compared with those of other localities during the past, in the way of
schools, instruction in agriculture, &c. (all of which is stipulated for by treaty, but
which they have not had), they will compare in advancement with others more
favored.
The aboriginal festival of the sun dance was not held here this year. By a strenu-
ous adherence to my decision of last year (when I told the Indians the one then held
must be the last), it was reluctantly yielded. I do not expect it will again be re-
vived. Other objectionable customs will take time and patience to overcome.
Without the aid and assistance of willing, capable, and honest employe's an Indian
agent would have a most unenviable position. To those connected with this agency
my acknowledgments are due and are hereby tendered.
For the courtesies and support received at all times from the Office of Indian Af-
fairs, I beg to return my thanks.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
JAMES G. WRIGHT,
United States Indian Agent.
The COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN DAKOTA. 49
SISSETON AGENCY, DAKOTA,
September 20, 1884.
SIR: I have the honor to submit my annual report for the fiscal year ending June
30, 1884.
This reservation is a triangle of land, lying upon the eastern border of Dakota be-
tween parallels 45° and 46° north latitude, having Lake Traverse as a part of its
eastern boundary, and its southern point touching Lake Ka*npeska. It contains
918,780 acres. The Coteaux de Prairie, a fine range of hills, run from the northwest
corner southeasterly through the reservation. The eastern slope of these hills is gashed
with not less than fifty ravines, each having a stream of spring water in it. The bot-
tom and sides are generally covered with a growth of oak, cottonwood, linden, box-
elder, and ash trees. The prairie east of the Coteaux is a body of very excellent farm-
ing land, as is also the valley of the Little Sioux River near the south end. The
lakes upon the reservation aud bordering it abound in excellent food fishes.
The tribes residing at this agency are parts of the Sissetou and Wahpeton bands
oftheDakotas or Sioux. They are very nearly civilized. They all wear clothing
like the white people and have abandoned almost all the customs of savage life. They
are entirely self-supporting; most of them make their living from their farms. Some
that live around the lakes subsist principally on fish, and do very little farming.
One excellent mark of progress is that a large part of the farm labor is performed by
men. There are a few who persist in the nomadic habits of their wilder state, but
the number is decreasing. Quite a proportion of the people are the opposite of in-
dustrious, aud perform the minimum of labor that will secure a living; in this, how-
ever, they may not differ materially from white men, except perhaps in degree.
The births (63) outnumber the deaths (42) for the year, aud the general health of the
people has been good.
LANDS IN SEVERALTY.
Their lands were allotted in severalty in 1876. At that time the larger part of the
people were really incapable of making a proper selection of lands for farming purposes.
They sought fuel, water, and shelter, and hence huddled into the ravines along the
Coteaux or in the fringes of timber around the lakes. A large number of these allot-
ments do not contain arable lands enough to enable the allottee to cultivate the
fifty acres required before he can receive a patent. Hence the agents have been
trying to induce them to change their locations and, retaining 40 acres of timber, take
120 acres of the rich prairie for cultivation. This movement has been partially suc-
cessful, and quite a number have pushed out from the hills. Several of these have
already received patents and at least twenty more have complied with the condition
and are awaiting surveys to put their applications in form to forward. The stakes
marking the subdivisions have been burned away by prairie fires, and it is necessary
that the settled parts should be restaked in order to enable me to define those new loca-
tions and properly verify the applications for allotments and patents. There have been
six patents issued to members of this tribe during the fiscal year,
LAND AND CROPS,
I estimate the number of acres broken upon the reservation at 5,600. Of this
amount 350 acres have been broken this year. The aggregate amount under cultiva-
tion this year will not exceed 4,500 acres. The crops of wheat and oats have been
good and are all now in stack. Threshing has begun. The amount of wheat raised
is less proportionately than the oats, because it has been customary to issue seed
wheat to many of the Indians each spring. Finding that a promise had been given
not to ask for it this year, I did not ask for nor issue any seed wheat. I assisted them
in some other ways to earn the money to buy it with, but many were content to sow
oats instead because the seed cost less. All of the more thrifty farmers will save
their seed this year.
FARM MACHINERY.
There is a disposition among some of the farmers to imitate one of the failings of
the white farmers around them, viz, to buy expensive farm machinery on credit far
beyond their needs. The result is bad, of course. The rates of interest are ruinous,
and their crops go largely to pay machine notes.
EDUCATION.
The preparations for the education of the children of this tribe are commensurate
with the work to be done; and with the faithful performance of their duties" by the
employe's iu that department, and a willingness on the part of the people to permit
their children to enjoy the great advantages open to them, the entire school popula-
tion should be reached. During the fiscal year the Manual Labor Boarding School
4266 IND 4
50 REPORTS OF AGENTS IN DAKOTA.
building has been doubled in size, adding a fine scbool-room, a commodious dining;
hall, rooms for the girls, play rooms, teachers' rooms, and a hospital ward. The new
part is heated by steam, which in economy of fuel, comfort of the inmates, and re-
duced danger from fire, is a great improvement over the wood-burning furnace and
stoves used in the old part. The old part, which was very much out of repair, has-
been refitted, the broken walls patched and papered, the floors repaired, and the
wood-work inside and out painted, so that the whole building is now clean and new.
The laundry and bakery building is inclosed, and with the completion of this, the
building of a suitable wood-shed and other out-buildings, authorized by your office,
the establishment will be well equipped. Authority was granted in October last for
Euttiug down an artesian well to supply the school with water. Water was found
ite in December at a depth of 135 feet, and later a pump was put in, but the history
of the well has been a chapter of accidents, and it is not yet in. working order. The
cost of the above improvements has been as follows:
New part Manual Labor Boarding School building $8, 074 90
Repairs on old part Manual Labor Boarding School building 593 12
Laundry and bakery to date 428 97
Artesian well and pump 312 61
Steam-heating apparatus 1, 936 00
The Manual Labor Boarding School began its session on the 25th of October, 1883,
and closed June 27, 1884. There were 103 different scholars attending the school.
The average for the whole session was 68^ pupils. The new part of the building waa
not occupied until the middle of December. The cramped quarters up to that time,
and some defects in administration, which were subsequently remedied, detracted
somewhat from the success of the school in the first four months, but later the schol-
ars improved rapidly and the results of the year were very satisfactory.
The trades of harness and shoe making and tailoring were carried on, and seventeen
boys were taught. In the harness and shoe shop, owing to an omission in the annual
estimate, quite a delay occurred on account of a lack of materials. These were sub-
sequently furnished, and the boys showed fair progress at the close of the year. The
girls were duly instructed in making and repairing their own clothing, and were
regularly detailed for service in the kitchen, dining room, and laundry. Prizes were
offered i'or the best kept rooms, both boys and girls, and the progress in personal
cleanliness and the tidy appearance of their rooms was gratifying.
The other schools on the reservation are the Goodwill Mission boarding school and
the Ascension Girls' Boarding School. The Goodwill Mission school had forty-five-
boarders and four day scholars in attendance, and an average of forty boarding and
three day scholars during the year. This school is conducted by the Presbyterian
Board of Home Missions under a contract with your office. It has been supplied with
a new building for a boarding house and girls' dormitory, a large addition to the boysr
dormitory, and a recitation room to the school-house. The school is well equipped,
and does good work in the educational department. During the past year the man-
ual labor for boys was confined principally to working in the garden, cutting wood,
and carrying water. It would be an improvement if more extended farming opera-
tions could be added to the labor department.
The Ascension Girls' boarding school is held in the house of Rev. John B. Renviller
a native pastor, about 6 miles south of the agency. The space is limited, only ac-
commodating fourteen scholars, but the care of the scholars and their development in
all branch* s of education, manual, mental, and moral, is such as to fully justify the con-
tinuance of the school. The average attendance for the year was 13J- pupils. A small
outlay to assist this worthy man and his very capable wife in enlarging their house
would enable them to teach a larger number of scholars with but slight additional
expense to the Government.
BROWN EARTH DAY SCHOOL.
During the year a day school has been supported at the colony of homesteaders in
Grant County, Dakota, known as Brown Earth. The result was an entire failure to
secure any attendance worthy the name of school. I have recently visited the colony
and urged upon them the propriety of sending their children to the boarding schools
upon the reservation.
SCHOLARS FROM CARLISLE.
Six scholars returned from Carlisle at the end of the school year, three boys and
three girls. One of the boys, Moses Livingstone, has since died.
CHURCHES.
There are seven church organizations within the reservation and one at Brown
Earth settlement. Six Presbyterian churches served by native pastors, numbering.
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN DAKOTA. 51
366 communicants. An increase of 1 church and 32 communicants during the year.
One Protestant Episcopal church served by Rev. Edward Ashley, missibnary, with
catechists holding service at two out-stations. This church numbers 38 communicants;
number of baptisms during year, 36. A young man's guild has been organized this
year.
CONSTITUTION AND LAWS.
In January of this year I approved the constitution and laws enacted by this peo-
ple as permitted by article 10 of the treaty concluded with them May 2, 1H67, copies
of which were duly furnished to your office. The code is simple and fragmentary,
but experience will doubtless suggest improvements to their minds. The organiza-
tion provides a justice of the peace and constable for each district, a central court of
five judges, a chief, assistant chief, secretary, treasurer, and attorney. The law-
making power is vested in two bodies — the council, composed of the recognized head
men of the tribe, whose office expires and becomes elective at the end of four years,
and the house of representatives, composed of two delegates from each district, one
of which is elected annually to serve two years. All lawj require the approval of
the chief and the agent before they can become operative.
The legislative bodies convened in February last, and added several statutes to their
code. These laws for the most part had reference to the support and duties of their
newly elected officers, and some municipal regulations. Some which touched upon
white men and their property did not receive the sanction of the agent. The oper-
ation of these laws has been in the main beneficial. Several arrests have been made
and punishments inflicted for drunkenness and bringing intoxicating liquors upon
the reservation. A license from the legal authorities is made a prerequisite to mar-
riage, and divorce is legally defined and granted only for adultery, desertion, and
cruelty. The action of the court in some of these cases has been praiseworthy and
the effect upon the people good.
A district constable assisted by a squad of three men captured and delivered to me,
on the 30th of June, William Bailey, one of the most desperate horse-thieves infest-
ing this part of the country, with two stolen horses in his possession. The Indian
police retained him in custody, although his friends and accomplices were watchful
to procure his escape, until I turned him over to the sheriff of Ransom County, Da-
kota Territory, who had a warrant for his arrest. The Indian police accompanied
the sheriff some 30 miles on his return with the prisoner and he made no effort to es-
cape while they were present. He subsequently disarmed the sheriff and escaped
with one of the stolen horses to the British Possessions. I mention this case in this
connection as showing the value of organization and authority. These horse-thieves
have made this reservation a place of rendezvous for many years, and the Indians
have been afraid to meddle with them.
TRADER.
On the second day of April, 1884, John W. Hines was licensed as trader for this
agency. This being the first trader which the people have had in many years, and
some prejudices existing among them on the subject, certain persons endeavored to
raise an excitement, and if possible frighten all parties into their measures. A firm
and quiet course at the agency soon set the matter at rest, and the store is patronized
freely by all parties.
SIOUX COMMISSIONERS.
On the 26th, 27th, and 28th days of May last the Sioux Commissioners, Hon. Newton
Edmunds, Hon. P. C. Shannon, and Hon. James H. Teller, met the Indians in council,
and presented to them ^ome proposals for purchasing a part of this reservation. The
people, after considering the propositions, decided unanimously, not to sell any part of
their land at present. The reasons for their action, so far as I have been able to gather
them since that time, are : First, and mainly, because they had a short time before this
been informed that their petition to Congress for payment of certain services as scouts
and for relief from the confiscation act had not been successful. They say that until
the United Stated pays what it owes them, they do not wish to make the debt larger.
Second, because in the plan of reducing the reservation presented to them fully two-
thirds of their people would be left out among the whites.
TREE PLANTING.
The annual arbor day appointed by the governor of this Territory was observed by
planting about two hundred trees at the Manual Labor Boardi 1 1 g School and the agency.
BROWN EARTH HOMESTEADERS.
Upon a recent visit to the Brown Earth settlement I found thirty families of Sis-
•eton and Wahpeton people living npon their homestead claims. These claims were
52 REPORTS OF AGENTS IN DAKOTA.
very badly chosen at first and have been almost entirely neglected. Few of them
have more than five acres of land broken, and many of them have not that much under
cultivation. They exist by fishing, hunting, trapping, and selling the wood off of
their claims to white settlers. They are falling behind the Indians of the reservation
in many respects, and I fear are not free from the vice of intemperance.
LOCATION OF AGENCY.
The experience of a year has served to confirm my earlier impression that the loca-
tion of the agency is unfortunate in being so far from the Manual Labor Boarding
School. The education of this people seems to me to be the paramount duty of the
Department and its representatives, and the care and interest of the agent ought to
be increasingly directed to this important part of the service. The carpenter and
blacksmith shops should be filled with school apprentices. These trades are even more
important than those already introduced into the school. But the shops are so far
away as to make it impracticable at present to have the scholars work there. If the
school were so located that the agent could readily visit it in his daily rounds his
presence would be of service, if he is at all a proper man for his office.
If the change of location were approved and made gradually, it would be accom-
plished in a few years without great expense and with small loss. The warehouse,
two dwelling-houses, and one smith shop are all the agency buildings that have any
money value worth considering. Several of the remaining houses are old log cabins,
totally unfit for human habitations in this severe climate.
INDIAN DWELLINGS.
During the fiscal year I have issued 40,000 feet of boards, 10,000 feet of flooring,
6,000 feet of siding, 3,000 feet of scantling, 85,000 shingles, 27 doors, and 65 windows,
for the repair and completion of 77 Indian houses at a cost of about $1,700. An im-
provement of the dwellings of this people is one of their greatest physical needs.
They are mainly housed in small log cabins with earth roofs. During the dry cold
winters these answer the purpose very well ; but as soon as the rains come they are
very little protection. The water runs down into the houses in muddy streams, de-
filing all their clothing and bedding, and rendering the cabins damp and unhealthy.
This state of things drives the people to their lodges and this seems to recall all their,
old roving habits. The issue of lumber should be continued until every family has a
good roof over their head.
SHEEP.
Near the close of the year, 1,470 sheep were received for issue to this tribe. They
are in process of issue now.
WISHKY SELLERS.
Three cases have been prosecuted against whisky sellers during the year. One
man was fined $300 and his place entirely broken up. The other cases failed of con-
viction. With small towns and numerous saloons now surrounding the reservation
it is next to impossible to control the evil entirely, but I am pleased to be able to re-
port a decided temperance sentiment among our best people and a nearly unanimous
feeling among our white neighbors that liquor selling to the Indians must not be
tolerated. I do not, however, lose sight of the fact that "eternal vigilance is the
price " of sobriety among these people.
With many thanks for the kindness and courtesy shown to me from your office,
I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
BENJ. W. THOMPSON,
Indian Agent.
The COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
STANDING ROCK INDIAN AGENCY, DAKOTA,
August 25, 1884.
SIR: I have the honor to submit my annual report for 1884, covering the twelve
mouths from August 1, 1883, to July 31, 1884, and I am pleased to be able to report
that the past year has been one of peace and prosperity among the Indians and of
much satisfaction to myself for the good-will manifested by those under my charge.
The general contentment and steady improvement of the Indians has been very grat-
ifying, and although my duties as agent have been very arduous and salary inad-
equate, which fact our national legislators fail to recognize, yet the satisfactory con-
dition of affairs at the agency have a soothing influence, which recompense only a
laborer in the field among the Indians can fully appreciate.
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN DAKOTA.
53
TRIBES AND POPULATION.
The Indians of this agency, comprising 1,170 families, number 4,721 persons, and are
composed of the Upper and Lower Yanktouais, Hunkpapa, and Blackfeet bands of
Sioux, and, as required by section 9 of the act approved July 4, 1884, making appro-
priations for the Indian service for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1885, the classifica-
tion hereinafter given of the respective bands, taken from the census rolls, carefully
revised up to and including the 31st ultimo, is an accurate census of the Indians at-
tached to this agency; and, as also required by same section, the number of schools
in operation and attendance at each, together with the names of teachers employed
and salaries paid, is given under the head of u schools and educational," which
data is also contained in the statistical reports herewith. The intermarrying
and frequent changes from one band to another make it difficult to determine their
tiue status in this respect, but the present classification is from the enrollment made
July 31, 1884, and is as follows :
Name of band.
Families.
3
M
>£
°g
GO ***
3
ifi
$1
•£
:
iti
i
Females under 14
years.
Total of all ages.
Males between 6
and 16 years.
Females between
6 and 16 years.
bi
a
'I
Is
1§
H
Upper Tanktonais
152
158
223
138
112
631
71
64
135
Lower Y/anktonais
363
357
452
290
248
1 347
130
115
245
Hnnkpapa
475
483
689
417
387
1 976
218
246
464
Blackfeet
160
173
232
132
117
654
71
86
157
Mi^pdhlnn^
20
26
29
28
30
113
16
17
33
Total
1 170
1 197
1 625
1 005
894
4 721
506
528
1 034
AGRICULTURE.
The Indians of this agency occupy what is said to be the best agricultural portion
of the " Great Sioux Reservation," and in seasons such as the present, when there is
sufficient moisture, barley, oats, peas, and wheat, together with corn of early flint
varieties and vegetables of an excellent quality, can be successfully grown. This
section of country, however, is subject to drought, with occasional hot, dry winds,
somewhat similar to the simooms of Arabia, which are here usually of three
days' duration, and which parch everything in their course, and when coming early
in the season, before the crops are matured, as was the case last year, destroy all
cereal and root crops. The present summer, however, has been free from such,
blighting winds or drought and the season has been all that could be desired ; there
has been an abundance of rain throughout the summer, and crops that have been
properly cared for promise bountifully.
Every family of the agency is engaged in cultivating individual fields or garden
patches, and nothing is held in common by them, but it is difficult to have them per-
sist in properly caring for their fields throughout the growing season. They usually
start in very well, but it exhausts our persuasive powers to have them continue to
give the growing crops the care and attention requisite, and with all that could be
done in this direction a number of fields have been neglected by the owners. This
careless indifference, so peculiar to the Indian, is perpetuated by the "free-ration
system," and can only be remedied by compelling all able-bodied Indians to render
an equivalent in labor for the subsistence and clothing issued to them.
The patches and fields, ranging in extent from half an acre to 20 acres each, will
aggregate 1,900 acres planted by Indians, which, with about 100 acres at the board-
ing-schools and agency farm, will approximate 2,000 acres cultivated and in crop this
year, proportioned about as follows: Corn, 1,400 acres; oats, 200 acres; wheat, 40
acres; potatoes, 100 acres; rutabagas, turnips, onions, squash, and other vegetables,
260 acres ; which is an increase of about 25 percent, over last year's cultivation. Hav-
ing not yet completed our harvesting, approximate figures of the amount of products
raised can therefore only be given ; -but an excellent yield is promised, and I believe
the following to be a moderate and fair estimate : Wheat, 550 bushels ; corn, 10,800
bushels; oats, 7,500 bushels ; potatoes, 10,750 bushels; turnips, 5,150 bushels; onions,
565 bushels ; beans, 515 bushels ; together with a large quantity of melons, pumpkins,
squash, &c. ; and the hay cut will approximate 2,600 tons.
The late hostiles or followers of ''Sitting Bull" have been quite industrious, and
have performed their proportionate share of all work done at this agency during the
past year.
54 REPORTS OF AGENTS IN DAKOTA.
CIVILIZATION.
Indians are proverbially slow to abandon their time-honored customs and supersti-
tions or to adopt the white man's civilization, and the Indians of this agency are no
exception to the rule. They are, however, making steady progress, which I believe
will be lasting, as every step is being made a permanent gain. Three years ago the
"tom-tom" (drum) was in constant use, and the sun dance, scalp dance, buffalo dance,
kiss dance, and grass dance, together with a number of feast and spirit dances, were
practiced in all their barbaric grandeur; but all these are now " things of the past,"
the grass dance alone excepted, which dance is their simplest amusement and the least
objectionable of any, and this is only tolerated on Saturday afternoon of each week.
A majority of the Indians have adopted the white man's dress, and in fact all of them
would if they could atford it; but a blanket and " breech-cloth " is less expensive and
more easily obtained. During the present summer over two hundred of the leadimg
young men came into the agency and had their hair cut, which, from an Indian
standpoint, is quite a step towards civilization when they part with iheir long hair
braids.
A large majority of the Indians of this agency are really anxious to better their
condition. They are not lazy, and only need proper assistance to advance more rap-
idly. In this connection I will quote from office circular No. 127, dated May 15, 1884,
•wherein the honorable Secretary of the Interior says that —
" The boy that has seen his father plow, mow, and gather the fruits of the field will do it without
special instruction. Not so with an Indian ; he must be taught to hold the plow, how to prepare and
keep in order his scythe, when to put in and when to harvest his crop, and a thousand things acquired
by farmers' sons by observation must be taught specially to an Indian youth."
This applies directly to every Indian commencing an agricultural life, and to expect
him to succeed without such instructions is absurd, and with the inadequate help at
the disposal of an agent, and the absolute necessity for such practical and skilled in-
structors, is it any wonder that the work of civilization and advancement of the In-
dians is being prolonged f In an interview with the honorable Senate committee, when
they visited this agency in August, 1883, I had the honor to set forth my views as to
the best means of advancing the Indians, and also in several subsequent communica-
tions on the same subject to prominent Eastern gentlemen who are interested in In-
dian civilization, and I will here repeat what I then stated and what I know to be
practical; that in order to give the Indians comfortable homes in the shortest possi-
ble time, and place them on the sure road to prosperity, the best means is to locate a
practical farmer in each Indian settlement, who should have charge of from 50 to 100
families, such instructors to reside in the respective districts, and be with the Indians
daily to instruct and direct them; and it is but reasonable to believe that five years
of such practical instruction would do more towards the agricultural and pastoral
advancement of the Indians, by bringing about better order and method in their work,
than twenty years of the present " hap-hazard " system can possibly effect. The Gov-
ernment would thus be the sooner relieved of the burden of taxation, and humanity
would be correspondingly benefited. The advancement of Indians in agriculture and
stock-raising, with their inherent indifference, is a work of such magnitude that the
ingrafting and leavening process must necessarily be slow, and it is therefore essential
that they be started on the right road and encouraged by such assistance as will make
their labor remunerative. This can only be profitably done, however, by constant
surveillance and patient teaching at their respective homes in their every-day life,
and with 1,170 families (nearly 5,000 Indians), scattered over a territory 70 miles
in length, as at this agency, and with only sufficient employe" help to conduct the
Government affairs of the agency, so seldom are we enabled to do anything in assist-
ing those who are attempting to become agriculturists or stock-raisers, that it results
in their progress being very slow, and unprofitable to tliemselres as well as to the Govern-
ment. I am therefore confident that the employment of practical instructors to reside
among the Indians would be the most economical and humane means by which the
Indians could be benefited, and, owing to the existing need for such instructors, I
would recommend a reduction of the present ration, if necessary, in order to secure
them. And furthermore, in order to compel the indolent and indifferent to assist in
their own support, I would advise the gradual diminution of the "established ration"
until no more would be required; but where Indians are by treaty stipulations en-
titled to certain subsistence I would substitute something more lasting and bene-
ficial, by giving the Indians practical instructors, agricultural implements and neces-
sary tools, and stock cattle as they would learn to use and properly care for them. It
may appear as too unqualified what I here state, but I fully believe that with a
practical farmer residing in each Indian settlement, together with a sufficient number
of schools and school teachers, with education made compulsory, the rising genera-
tion would in ten years become producers, instead of remaining consumers, as the
present pauperizing system is calculated to perpetuate.
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN DAKOTA.
55
SCHOOLS AXD EDUCATIONAL.
There are 1,034 children between the ages of six and sixteen years at this agency,
»nd there have been two Government boarding-schools and one mission day school
-conducted during the past year, as follows:
Industrial farm school, located on the west bank of the Missouri River, 16 miles
south of the agency, which school has a farm of 50 acres under cultivation Connected
with it, and the building ha-* a capacity of 60 pupils. Boys of twelve years of age and
upwards are admitted to this school, and are instructed in general farm work, the
«are of stock, and carpentering. The farm school has been maintained throughout
the year with a full attendance of 68 pupils and an average attendance of 37 for the
•entire 12 months, and the progress of the pupils has been very satisfactory. There
were 14 boys from this school and 16 from the Indian camps transferred to the St.
Mary's Training School at Fehanville, 111., on September 26 last, and 14 more boys
from this school to Fehanville on July 5, and very favorable reports are being re-
ceived from them. There have been 7 teachers employed at the farm school, the
names and salaries being as follows :
Name.
Occupation.
Annual
salary.
Principal teacher
$600 00
E P McFadden
Assistant teacher
500 00
Industrial teacher
480 00
480 00
Placida Schaefer
Cook .... . . ..
360 00
Frances Olen^er ....
Laundress
360 00
Seamstress
360 00
The industrial boarding school, located at the agency, has a capacity of 100 pupils,
where girls of all ages and boys up to twelve years of age are admitted. This school
lias also been maintained throughout the eutireyear, and has done an excellent work,
with a full attendance of 131 pupils and an average attendance of 93 for the past
twelve months. There are 8 teachers employed at this school, their names and salaries
•being as follows:
Name.
Occupation.
A nnual
salary.
Gertrude McDermott ... .
Principal teacher
$600 00
500 00
Rhabama Staub
do
500 00
Scholastica Kundig
Industrial teacher
420 00
Matilde Catany
Matron
480 00
Rose Widour ...
Cook
360 00
360 00
Adelo Kngrster
Laundress
360 00
The American Board of Foreign Missions, under the superintendency of Rev. T. L.
Riggs, of the Dakota Mission, have conducted a day school at Antelopes Settlement,
on Grand River, which school is 32 miles southwest from the agency, where Mr. Riggs
erected a new log building last autumn, at a cost of about $500, and has a native
teacher, Mr. Edwin Phelps, stationed there, who receives a salary of $25 per rnon'h.
from the Board for his services. All instructions in this school are in the Sioux lan-
guage, and the teacher, a full-blood Sioux Indian, is an excellent man and is doing
a good work. There has been a full attendance at this school of 6? pupils, with an
average attendance of 25 during the eight months in which it was in operation ;
making a total of 266 children that have attended school on the reservation attached
to this agency during the year, with an average attendance of 155 for the time which
the schools were maintained.
I have recently built a new day school at the Cannon-ball Settlement, 25 miles
north of agency, which building has a capacity of 60 pupils, with teachers' rooms,
kitchen, and dining room, and which will be opened with two teachers on September
1. It is my intention to give the children attending this school the mid-day meal,
the girls to prepare the meal under the direction of the female teacher, and the boys
to prepare the fuel, and in the summer cultivate a garden, under the direction of the
male teacher, and hope to have at least 300 children in schools the coming year.
My experience is that it is difficult to get Indian children to attend school, and that
56 REPORTS OF AGENTS IN DAKOTA.
they cannot be kept either by love of study or moral suasion, and that compulsion is-
necessary, at least until after they have been at school for some months ; also that
parents do not enforce attendance or assist in having their children placed in school,
the majority o£parents only consenting from fear of the displeasure they may incur
by withholding their children. In conversing with Indians upon the advantages of
education and the necessity for their children to be placed in schools, they usually
coincide, and through policy, when talking with strangers, on or off' their reservation,
they always profess a strong desire to have their children educated, but when school
children are called for, each Indian invariably prefers to see some other person's chil-
dren entered upon the school register, and will tiy to influence his neighbor to send his
children in order to escape sending his own. When our industrial boarding-school
was opened last year, the capacity being one hundred pupils, 1 found it necessary, in or-
der to fill the school, to withhold rations from all children of school-going ages, of
certain bands whose required quota was not furnished ; I was only obliged, however,
to withhold the first ration (fourteen days) until there were twenty-three more children
presented than the building could accommodate, which number we were compelled to
turn away, but I afterwards learned that there was not an orphan child over five years
of age left in the camps after this " conscription," as they were all sent from the re-
spective bands to which they belonged in order to make up the quota called for. The
system worked well, however, and the children have been constant in attendance and
as diligent as could be wished for.
On June 2 there were four Indian girls returned to their homes at this agency from
a three-years' course at the Hampton Normal Institute, and their improvement was
pleasing to their friends and most creditable to the school from which they graduated.
They converse readily in the English language and seem to prefer using it to their
mother tongue, and since returning their deportment has been all that could be desired.
Rev. H. B. Frissell, of Hampton Normal Institute, who accompanied the returned
pupils to their homes, took back with him from this agency eight boys and three girls,
which, with four boys and one girl already there, makes 16 pupils from this agency
now at that school ; but as the three-years' term of the latter five will expire in Octo-
ber next, they are shortly expected to return to their homes.
SANITARY.
The general health of the Indians of this agency has been good during the year,
and the births have exceeded the deaths; yet the number of deaths has been unusu-
ally large, there having been 132 deaths and 167 births. A large percentage of the
deaths was of children under five years of age, and the others were, principally, old
and infirm or scrofulous and consumptive persons. The treatment of the sick at
their homes is very unsatisfactory to a physician and prejudicial to the service, as-
medicines are rarely ever administered by the Indians as prescribed. This can only be
remedied by having a hospital where the sick can be brought for proper care and
treatment, and I would again recommend, as in my former annual reports, the early
construction of a suitable building for that purpose at this agency.
MISSIONARY.
The missionary work at this agency is mainly conducted by the Roman Catholic
Church, under the direction and auspices of Rig'ht Rev. M. Marty, bishop of Dakota,
who, at an expense of about $2,000 annually, maintains the mission here, and who,
exclusive of the sisters employed in the agency schools, has two priests, two Benedict-
ine sisters, and one man-servant engaged in the work. The mission is under the im-
mediate charge of Rev. Claude Ebner, O. S. B.,who resides at the agency, and who,
having been a missionary among the Sioux for the past seven years and a man of ex-
cellent judgment, is well fitted for the work. There are two neat and commodious
chapels on the reservation where services are regularly held, which are usually well
attended, and the pastors report 225 Indian baptisms during the year, of whom 18
were adults. There is also a mission station, conducted at the Grand River by Rev.
T. L. Riggs, of the Dakota mission, who has a native catechist, Mr. Edwin Phelps,
stationed there. Mr. Phelps is a full blood Sisseton Sioux, and an energetic young
man, who is zealously laboring among the Indians of that settlement. The christian-
ization of the adult Indians of this agency, with their pagan superstitions so deeply
rooted, is but very slow, and, notwithstanding that some of them have been under
missionary influences and religious instructions for several years past, yet it will re-
quire some additional years of patient missionary labor to convince the middle-aged
and older persons of the absurdity of their early beliefs, or to bring them to accept
the teachings of Christianity.
COURT OF INDIAN OFFENSES.
I organized the court of Indian offenses in October last by appointing the captain,
lieutenant, and a private of the United States Indian police force (all full-blood In-
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN DAKOTA. 57"
dians) as judges, and I am pleased to state that it has given entire satisfaction. The
judges are good men who command respect and have the confidence of the Indians,
and their decisions have been just and impartial, and have in every case been sus-
tained by public sentiment. I was obliged in the beginning to guard against the
severity of punishment imposed, as they were certain to order some punishment for
every person arrested, going upon the principle that they would not have been
arrested if not guilty of some offense. They now, however, understand this better,
and feel that a responsibility rests upon them, and are more dignified in court, and
very particular to ascertain facts, as also in arriving at conclusions. Sessions of
this court are held every alternate Saturday, and it aids very materially in adminis-
tering the aft'airs of the agency.
INDIAN POLICE.
The police force of this agency, consisting of two officers and thirty privates, are
an excellent body of trustworthy men. They are reliable and attentive to duty, and
exercise a wholesome influence over the reservation. I only regret that they are not
better remunerated for the valuable services which they are rendering the Govern-
ment.
MIGRATORY HABITS.
A great obstacle to the advancement of Indians is their natural propensity to roam..
With the opening of spring every year the desire of many Indians is to be on the move
and to either make a new location or to try some oiher agency, and the large tract
of country held in common by the Indians of the Sioux reservation, comprising five
distinct agencies and all claiming close relationship, affords an excuse for absenting
themselves from their respective agencies from time to time, and such visits are sel-
dom productive of any good, but, on the contrary, detrimental to both visitors and
visited. I would recommend that strict measures be adopted by the Department to-
break up this pernicious migratory habit of the Indians.
AGENCY BUILDINGS.
The agent's residence and agency storehouses are in good condition, but suitable
workshops and new quarters for employe's are very much needed ; in fact, dwellings
for the employe's are absolutely necessary, and I would recommend that at least
four set of suitable quarters be erected at the earliest date practicable for the bet-
ter comfort and health of employe's and their families.
CONCLUSION.
In conclusion, I desire to state that while the Indians under my charge have not
made the "forward march" that I would wish, yet a retrospective glance shows con-
siderable progress, and when it is considered that there are nearly 5,000 Indians at
this agency, many of whom are new beginners (the late hostiles or followers of Sitting
Bull), and undoubtedly the least domesticated of the Sioux bands, and that the most
friendly relations have been maintained throughout the year with both Government
and individuals, I cannot but feel satisfied with the past aud encouraged for the
future.
I also desire to express my appreciation of the liberal support that I have received
from the Department in my administration of affairs of this agency.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
JAMES MCLAUGHLIN,
Indian Agent.
The COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
YANKTON AGENCY, DAKOTA,
August 26, 1884.
SIR: In submitting this my first annual report, I must be allowed to say in ad-
vance that it will fall far short of what an annual report should be, from the fact
that it is not yet four weeks since I relieved Agent Ridpath, by whom, under instruc-
tions addressed to him July 1, 1884, the report more properly should have been made-
I arrived at the agency on the 31st day of July last, and took possession of the
office on the 1st day of August. A new agent, judging from my short experience, ia
always an object of curiosity when he first appears among his Indians. Visits and:
talks must be tolerated to a reasonable extent, even at the sacrifice of much valuable^
time.
58 KEPORTS OF AGENTS IN DAKOTA.
In traveling across the reservation overland, a distance of 15 miles, I was particu-
larly impressed with two things; first, the excellent condition of the crops, the wheat,
•oats, and corn, and the general thrifty appearance of Indian farming; and, second, in
marked contrast, the teepees, and miserable log lints with their dirt roofs. The crops
show commendable progress, but the teepees and huts which the Indians inhabit in
this rigorous climate prove that but little advance has been made towards a bigher
civilization. While an Indian readily learns to cultivate the soil, he is slow in learn-
ing how to build; clings with pertinacity to the "lodge" of his ancestors, and not
until he is taught by contact with the whites does he realize the advantages of a
house, and the still higher blessings of a home. Nor is this strange when we consider
the wild roaming life he and his ancestors have led in the unforgotten past; tbe wil-
derness his home; the teepee his shelter; game his subsistence; war with hereditary
enemies his occupation ; deeds of heroic valor his ambition.
The first step towards civilization has at last, been taken by the Government, by
concentrating the Indians upon reservations. The next step is teaching them the
Art of cultivating the soil — and the next one, the allotment of land in severalty.
Not until the Indians are assured that the identical piece of land on which they are
located is not only allotted to them, but that the title is secured by a written paper or
document from Washington, will they feel much interest in building a house and pro-
viding for home comforts. On this reservation the allotment and title is the absorb-
ing thought among the Indians. They fully understand the importance to them of
owning the land they cultivate and improve. Naturally suspicious and distrustful,
by repeated wrongs and false promises, they are not certain of anything until they
are in full possession of that which they crave. Nor can they comprehend, or be
made to understand, why it should require so long a time to put in their possession
the evidence that they own the land on which they live. This reservation has been
surveyed into township, section, and subdivision lines, but, unfortunately, many of
the mounds, marking the corners, were so imperfectly built that they cannot be
found. This is all that is in the way of issuing allotment certificates. I would re-
spectfully suggest that a surveyor be employed to rebuild these mounds, and that
•each section and quarter-section corner be plainly and permanently marked with a
stone. The lines clearly defined, I would recommend that only such as are located
And have some land in cultivation be allowed certificates. Others should receive them
when tbey make a location and break, say, at least five acres. In no case, in my judg-
ment, should any oue person hold more than one hundred and sixty acres in fee, nor
should he have a title to all of this except upon condition of having a certain num-
ber of acres in cultivation. .The Indian, like the white man, except to a greater extent,
works better when stimulated by the hope of reward. Our countjT and State agri-
•cultural societies offer rewards to the farmer for the products of the soil, the best
horses, cattle, sheep, and hogs, and no oue who has observed the great good which
has resulted from this comparatively modern method for stimulating husbandry will
question the improvements it has wrought in our agricultural districts. This is not
at present practicable upon an Indian reservation. But the principle can be adopted.
Among the Indians on this reservation, as expressed by the head chief "Strike," a
strong title to the land is what every Indian farmer wants. I would therefore re-
spectfully suggest that when an Indian has twenty acres in cultivation a title be
made to him to forty acres, to include the land in cultivation; and when he has forty
acres in cultivation then a title to another forty acres; and when he has eighty acres
in cultivation then a title to his remaining eighty acres. Such time as might seem
just and equitable to the Indian for making these improvements could be prescribed,
with such reasonable penalty in forfeiture as not to work a hardship upon those who
were honestly endeavoring to comply with the conditions.
But, I would further most respectfully suggest, in addition to this incentive to culti-
vate the soil, that the Government add another inducement. To all Indians on this
reservation who shall hereafter plow, and raise a crop of not less than 10 acres, there
shall be issued to him one mower, a most important agricultural implement to the
Indian. When he shall have 20 acres in cultivation there shall be issued to him a
yoke of cattle, aud when he has 40 acres in cultivation there shall be issued to him
a wagon, when he has 80 acres in cultivation there shall be issued to him a reaper, and
when he has 160 acres in cultivation there shall be issued to him a pair of horses and
harness.
The question arises right here, from what fund is all of this property to be purchased
for the farmers of the Yaukton Indians ? This question I will now anssver. But first,
Idesire to say that the ouly hope for the Indians of this reservation is thatthey be made
self-sustaining, and this can only be done through the cultivation of the soil. The soil is
well adapted to successful farming ; corn, wheat, oats, and all of the vegetables raised
in the Western States are growu in Southern Dakota iu yields which invite and en-
tourage the cultivation of the soil. The climate is healthful, the rainfall increasing
with cultivation, so that now a failure of crops from drought is a thing of the past.
JLess rations for the Indians and more farming, more self-reliance, less dependence,
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN DAKOTA. 59
•with more manhood, must be the lesson which they must learn, and this lesson must
the agent continually teach, and his teachings, to he successful, must he supplemented
by the Government.
THE RESERVATION.
By treaty made at Washington between the United States and the Yankton tribe of
Sioux or Dakota Indians, April 19, 1858, and ratified by the Senate February 16, 1859,
the present or Yaukton Indian reservation of 400,000 acres, by certain defined bound-
aries, was set apart for the future home of the Yankton Indians. This reservation
lies for 30 miles along the Missouri River, which here runs nearly east, is watered by
the Choteau River and other small streams, is nearly all arable land, and in all re-
spects for farming purposes and stock raising is not surpassed by any equal number
of acres in Dakota.
By actual accurate survey the reservation contains 431,049 acres. The number of
Indians on the reservation in 1876 was 1,992; in 1877, 2,182; in 1878, 2,112; in 1879,
2,008; in 18-0, 2,019; in 1881, 1,998; in 1882, 1,977; in 1883, 1,950, and in 1884, 1,786.
I give the population of each year for the last eight years to show that the Indians
are not materially increasing nor diminishing, but are about the same each year,
the mortality varying but little from the births. My object in this is to show
that there never can be, judging from the past, any such increase in population as
•will ever require for farming purposes the use of the entire reservation. It is safe to
average the heads of families, and men over eighteen years of age, at 500. If each one
were to receive a location ticker, and eventually a patent to 160 acres of land, there
would only be 80,000 acres of land appropriated for farming. I will add 20,000 acres
to make the estimate entirely on the side of the Indians, and we have but 100,<)00
-acres absorbed in this way, leaving 331,049 acres unappropriated, lying idle, yielding
no revenue to the Indians. It must, not be supposed that the 160 acres to each Indian,
under the most favorable view, will all be cultivated. Nor should it be, as 80 acres
well cultivate d will yield a larger return than 160 acres poorly tilled. Large farms
with poor cultivation should be discouraged. Hence, at least half or more of the
160 acres could be used for pasture and hay land.
The question then arises regarding only the best interests of the Indians of this
reservation, how much if any of the remaining 331,049 acres of the reservation should
be sold for their benefit ? Save as a part of the reservation for future contingencies
and pastoral purposes, another 100,000 acres. The remaining 231,049 acres, if sold,
could be taken from along the north line of the reservation without in any man-
ner interfering with improvements already made, leaving to the reservation the en-
tire river front, and the advantages afforded by Choteau Creek. This 231,049 acres,
at the low price of $3 an acre, would yield to the Indians the handsome sum of $693.147 ;
$600,000 of this should be put at interest at 6 per cent, payable annually, and the
revenue thus secured should go to building school-houses, 'and sustaining district
schools. Who can estimate the great good that $36,000 would accomplish annually
expended in educating the children in books, trades, and useful industries ? This
fund should be saved for this purpose. There still remains $93,147. This could be
used in the purchase of the machinery and stock heretofore mentioned as the reward
to be paid to the Indians for bringing their land into cultivation, and in employing
teachers to instruct them in farming. At least five active young men skilled in
practical farming should be employed on this reservation for six months during the
year, who should stay with the Indians and teach them how to plow, sow, harvest, and
thresh. I do not mean by this that these young men should do the work that the
Indians ought to do, but that they should show them how to do, and how to take care
of their implements. There has been more time and money spent since I have been at
the agency in the repairs of broken mowers, reapers, and threshing machines, used and
nearly ruined by the Indians through their ignorance in not knowing how to use them,
thnn it would have cost to employ competent men to run these machines for them.
With these considerations I cannot but think that a sale of a portion of the reser-
vation for the benefit of the Indians would advance greatly their present and future
welfare. Property /which is, and must remain if retained as part of the reservation,
utterly unproductive, would be made to yield a revenue whereby the people would
be advanced in agriculture, their ambition stimulated, their self-reliance assured, their
•children educated, and their capacity for self-government and citizenship greatly im-
proved. The country throvvn open for settlement by the sale of a part of the reserva-
tion would soon be covered with cultivated fields, and the Indian would soon learn,
from the example set him by his more prosperous white brother, not only how to farm ,
but also the advantages which thrifty tillage brings to the farmer. If the Department
thinks it for the best interest of the Indians on the reservation that a portion of the
land be sold (notwithstanding there is some opposition among the old and less pro-
gressive ones), it could probably be done with the consent of a large majority of the
Indians on the reservation. I have made this matter, and the allotments and title
60 REPORTS OF AGENTS IN DAKOTA.
to lands, perhaps, too prominent in this report, but hope to l>e excused on the ground
that these are the leading subjects in the minds of the thinking Indians of this reser-
vation.
CITIZENSHIP.
It becomes a serious question as to what qualifications, if any, should be attac
before the Indian should be invested with the right of citizenship. Manv of
attached
the
Yanktons, and of full blood, are to-day better qualified to exercise this prerogative
than scores of white men who enjoy the right. Here there is no intemperance, and if
the Indians were allowed to vote, the ballot would not be polluted by that worst of
all * vils, drunkenness. Certainly the aegis of law should be extended over (he reser-
vation, and the Indians should come under the protection of the local government.
Criminals should be punished; and if so, it seems but right that the Indians should
have a voice in electing the men who frame the laws for their protection. In 1867, as
special Indian commissioner appointed by the President to visit the Indians in the
neighborhood of Fort Phil Kearney, and to counsel with them under instructions
from the Secretary of the Interior, in the report I had the honor to submit, I used
the following language in speaking of the hostile Indians who were then at war with
us:
When these are humbled and subdued, let the terms of peace be based upon the condition that they
go upon a reservation, where, until they become self-sustaining, a liberal support should be provided ;
in addition, the Government should furnish them with teachers, farmers, and mechanics, whose duty
it should be to instruct them in Christianity, husbandry, and trade. When sufficiently civilized, con-
fer upon them all the privileges of citizeniship.
Seventeen years have passed since this then startling recommendation was made,
but they have been years of amelioration and progress, with a steady approach to a
higher plane, a better destiny for the "red man." With seventeen years more of like
progress he will become our brother in religion, our equal in political enjoyments.
THE AGENCY INDIANS.
In person the men of my agency are of good physique, rather tall in stature, and
well formed. As a nation they are renowned in history for their deeds of valor in
their numerous wars with other tribes, but boast that they never shed the blood of
the white man. They are peaceable among themselves, seldom have disputes with
each other, and most of them readily conform to the rules prescribed for their govern-
ment. As among white men, all are not good, but I unhesitatingly say, based upon
close observation and daily, contact with them, that there are less idle, worthless
men among them than are found in one of our villages of equal population. Some of
my Indian farmers have inspired me with great respect. In personal dress and ap-
pearance, as also in good sense and pleasant manners, they are the equal of some of
our prominent Western white farmers.
The example of these men is doing much towards abolishing former customs and
bringing their neighbors up to a higher standard. There are a few who still cling to
the blanket, disguise their faces with paint, and adorn^their heads with feathers; but
these men are the leaders and advocates of the Indian dance. My predecessor says
lie found Indian dancing a common recreation on the reservation, and, in order to cur-
tail it, allowed them to meet every Saturday night in a house near the agency, where
they regularly hold their weekly orgies. Here, in feathers and paint, with the jing-
ling of bells and beating of drums, the men dance, recounting their deeds of valor in
speech and song. At last, carried away by frenzied excitement, they at times give
away their property, and occasionally their wives. While the dance is iu progress
the squaws are busily engaged outside in preparing the dog feast, wrhich towards
morning is eaten with much relish, being considered the most toothsome delicacy that
can be set before the uncivilized Indians. These dances are not only opposed to, but
stand in the way of progress. There are comparatively but few who indulge in this
old custom. In my opinion strong measures, if necessary, should be adopted to break
up a custom which is so entirely at variance with progressive industry and civiliza-
tion.
TRIBAL RELATIONS.
These are fast disappearing. Fealty to chiefs no longer exists among the Yankton
Indians of this reservation. While they are divided into bauds with nominal heads
or chiefs, but little attention is paid to their quasi authority. These divisions ought
not to exist, and, if wiped out, another step would be gained for civilization. Farm-
ing is fast individualizing the Indians. Some of the older men of the tribe who have
been prominent chiefs yield a reluctant obedience to the results of agricultural in-
dustry. In proportion as Indians cultivate the soil, gather property, they learn to
think and act for themselves. Their former chiefs, however valuable in war, have -
neither the disposition nor knowledge to aid them in farming. Each man must de-
pend upon his own efforts in planting and raising his crop, and this self-reliance changes
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN DAKOTA. 61
the subservient Indian into an independent man. The most notable chief among the
Yanktons is he whose name stands at the head of those who signed the treaty of 1858,
and who is recognized as head chief— Pa-la-ne-a-pa-pe, "the man that was struck by
the Ree." Old Strike, as he is familiarly called, is supposed to be eighty-four years
old, quite deaf, and nearly blind. In his day he was a great warrior and orator.
Now, bowed down with age and infirmities, he is scarcely the shadow of the once
famous chief. He still manifests a deep interest in the welfare of his people. Com-'
missioners and agents have experienced the force of his logic and acknowledged the
power of his eloquence. Strike dresses in citizen's clothes, and although he does not
belong to the school of progress he has a good heart. His few remaining days ought
to be made as comfortable as possible. This can be done by giving him plenty to eat
and wear.
THE POLICE.
This force consists of fifteen men, selected from among the younger Indians. They
are officered by one captain and two sergeants. They are to the agent what the sheriff
and his deputies are to the court. White men or Indians accused of crime or misde-
meanor on the reservation are brought in by the police and the matter investigated.
They are quite indispensable in the administration of the duties of the office of Indian
.agent.
During the less than four weeks of my official life the police arrested and brought
before me one white man for stealing a horse which was ridden through the agency,
and at once detected and pursued by one of the police — thief captured and by me
turned over to the proper officer, and horse returned to the owner.
At this agency no increase of pay is needed. Four on duty at a time makes the pay
of $5 per month equal to $20 per mouth each. This with his rations and clothing is
ample compensation.
AGRICULTURE.
The Indian farming this year is encouraging. The season has been favorable, and
the yield all that could have been anticipated. The Yanktons are slowly but surely
learning the art of cultivation. Herein lies the solution of the problem of Indian civil-
ization. Industrial schools for the young, practical farming for those of riper years, is
the only road to success. A number of the farms on the reservation I have visited are
worthy of all commendation. Some corn-fields show good tillage, are free from weeds,
and stacks of wheat and oats built by Indians are equal to those built by our white
farmers. It must not be inferred that all of the Indians are good farmers. Some of
the corn-fields show neglect and poor tillage. The weeds have been allowed to grow,
the corn making an unsuccessful struggle in its efforts for supremacy against its natu-
ral enemy. Indians inclined to be lazy, as too many of them are, should be often visited
by the Government farmer and encouraged to work. The reward of a good crop as
the result of persevering labor, and a certain failure as the result of idleness, cannot be
too often nor too forcibly impressed upon them. Under the treaty, self-support must
soon be reached by the Yauktou Indians. This is only possible through agricultural
industry, yet largely to be learned. How to plow, to plant, to cultivate, to sow, to
harvest, to save, so as to produce the largest results, are lessons which must be taught
the Indian by the farmer provided by the Government. In this view this employs'
becomes the most important factor in agency work.
The statistics gathered by the Government farmer and on file in this office show :
Acres of wheat this season, 889 ; corn, 1,287 acres ; oats, 261 acres ; potatoes, 7B£ acres ;
garden, 201 acres. This acreage should be received with many grains of allowance.
My Indians have but a very imperfect idea of what constitutes an acre of land; the
farmer passiug over the reservation could only form a crude estimate of the quantity of
laud in cultivation, found in patches and irregularly shaped fields. His average of 30
bushels of corn to the acre, and 15 bushels of wheat, I am well satisfied is entirely too
liigh. If these statistics can be relied upon, they establish one thing, which is, that
the time is near at hand whan no more flour should be issued to the Indians of this
reservatisn except to the aged, the sick, and infirm. It is also worthy of serious con-
sideration, whether in the near future rations should not be confined to beef only. It
will be many years before the Indians will raise sufficient cattle to supply themselves
with meat, which is their chief food.
1 cannot too strongly recommend to the Department as a leading feature in the
work of the agent at this agency, first, to rn'ake the Government school here more of
an industrial school than a school for learning that which is taught from books, be-
yond the simplest rudiments. The boys should be taught all kinds of farm, garden,
and barn work; how to handle and use the tools with which work is done, and the
girls how to cook, to wash, iron, clean house, and make their own clothing; second,
the agent should pay frequent visits to the Indians who are farming, and, through
his interpreter, give them instructions in their work, stimulate them by his presence
and personal interest in their welfare to better cultivation, and make them understand
62 REPORTS OF AGENTS IN DAKOTA.
that they must learn to provide for themselves and families or go hungry. The agent,
should l>e something more than a mere office man to deal out rations, write orders,
and deride petty quarrels.
At this agency there never has heen any settled policy for any length of time.
During the last seven years an agent's official life has only averaged about eighteen
mouths. While rhese frequent changes have undoubtedly been for good cause, they
have been unfortunate for the Indians, the schools, and progressive agriculture. Each
new agent has his own peculiar ideas for governing Indians, managing the schools,,
and conducting Indian farming. No two probably have the same system for either.
Those who never saw an Indian until they met him on the reservation are generally
the most confident that their plan is the only correct one for their government. The
result is that fatal errors have crept into the service. Frequent changes of agents
are attended with radical changes in management. Promises are made which ought
not to be and can never be fulfilled. These the new agent is expected to carry out.
He cannot do it, and confidence is lost. This is one of the embarrassing features of
this agency.
SCHOOLS.
The Government industrial boarding school at the agency was reasonably well
patronized during the last fiscal year. The highest attendance for any month was 85,
of which 53 were males and 32 females. Average attendance for the year, 64-lI2-. There
were eight teachers and employe's engaged in conducting the school. The industrial
teacher, with the help of his Indian boys, cultivated thirty acres of land. The till-
age and vegetable garden are worthy of praise. Coming to the agency during vaca-
tion, I ana not able to speak of the management of the school, nor the qualifications
of the teachers for their respective places. The school building is large and commo-
dious ; located on an elevation fronting the river, it makes a fine appearance, and
cannot fail to impress the stranger as being a noble contribution by the Government
to the cause of Indian education.
MISSIONARY WORK.
This work among the Indians is full of interest to the Christian and philanthropist-
Indolent, dirty children are gathered into day and Sunday schools, taught to read
Dakota and English, and molded into civilized, Christian boys and girls. The Bible
has been translated into the Dakota language, as have other books adapted to the
understanding of the children and youth. These are taught in day and Sunday
schools. The result has been that quite a number of young men and women have
been turned out of these mission schools who can read and write, and who lead
Christian lives. St. PauPs boarding school, under the general supervision of Bishop
Hare of the Episcopal Church, with Rev. W. E. Jacob as superintendent, and the
Agency Mission day school and White Swan Mission day school, under the care of
Rev. John P. Williamson of the Presbyterian Church, are the three mission schools
at this agency. Each of these denominations have religious services on Sabbath, so
arranged as not to conflict in time. In each of these churches there is religious in-
struction in both English and Dakota languages, Rev. Joseph W. Cook as rector of
the Episcopal church, and Rev. John P. Williamson as pastor of the Presbyterian
church. Both these reverend gentlemen speak the Dakota language fluently. There
is no conflict in their work, but both labor in harmony for the present and future
welfare of the Yankton Indians. Supplemented by the good influences of these de-
voted men, the agent is greatly aided in managing the turbulent spirits of his agency.
The reports of the mission work here show an average attendance of Indian children
and youths for the last fiscal year of 59. Teachers and employe's, 9. The reports also-
ehow that there are 344 Yankton Indians, communicants of the two churches, of which
198 belong to the Episcopal Church, and 146 to the Presbyterian Church. In the
Episcopal Church, males 84, females 114. In the report from the Rev. Mr. William-
son the members are not classified, but it is presumed they are in about the Name
ratio as to sex.
Saint Paul's boarding school and chapel, where the mission work by the Episcopal
Church is done, are models of neatness. The school building and grounds are all
inclosed, trees planted, which, with lawns, walks, and drive-ways, make it the most
attractive feature of the agency. The Bresbyterian building, used for school pur-
poses and divine service, is a plain wooden structure, which with its coat of pure
white paint and tidy interior is a good example for Christian and heathen to follow.
The plain preacher and pure man who holds service in this humble chapel was, a»
was his father, a pioneer in Indian missionary work.
SANITARY CONDITION OF THE INDIANS.
The health of the Indians is generally good. Owing to exposure, poor houses, and a
stupid indifference to the laws of health, there are more pulmonary diseases among;
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN IDAHO. bi>
them than are found in the same latitude among the whites. The disease from which
they suffer most is of a scrofulous character.
During the last fiscal year there were 53 deaths reported, of which 30 were male*
and 23 females; over 5 years of age, 27 males and 22 females; under 5,3 males and 1
female. It is with great difficulty that the exact number of deaths can be ascer-
tained ; so difficult, in fact, that these figures cannot be relied upon. Many Indians-
carefully conceal the deaths of their children, as when ascertained there is one less
in the family to draw rations. It can hardly be supposed that not more than four
.children died during the last year in a population of 1,786. There were 96 births
during the year, of which 55 were males and 41 females.
CENSUS AND SCHOOLS.
There are Indians at this agency, as shown by the census just completed, as follows :
Number of males above Id years of age 456 ; number of females above 14 years of age,
591: school children between the ages of 6 aud 16, 375; total number, including all
ages, 1,786. About 1,000 of these wear citizens' dress.
Number of school-houses at and connected with the agency, 5. Number of schools in
operation, 5. Number of pupils who have attended the White Swan Mission day school
one mouth or more during the year, 43; Agency Mission day school, 42. Number of
pupils attending Saint Paul's boarding school one mouth or more during the year, 45.
The Selwyn day school was in operation but 20 days during the entire year. Total at-
tendance during that time, 17. During its session W. T. Selwyii was employed as
teacher, at a salary of $420 per annum. The Ree day school was in operation 7J
months, with a total attendance one mouth or more of 24. Alfred Smith was em-
ployed as teacher, at a salary of $420 per annum. The industrial boarding school has-
been in operation during the entire year, with a total attendance for one mouth or
more of 85. There were employed in this school during the year :
Name.
Occupation.
Annual
salary.
C.D.Bon (resigned)
Superintendent .
$900
Ed K Dawes
do
900
A nna E. Boone ....
Teacher
600
Ella V. Oviatt
do . .. .
600
John R Winters
4>0
Ella Simpson .
Seamstress
490
Sarah J. Ridpath (resigned)
Matron
' 500
Sarah Bereman
do
500
Alifp f^OHiglf.t'm (resigned) t ^ ...
Cook
360
Rachel Horustra
do
360
JJizzie Whitelatch (resigned)
Laundress
360
Alice Conpleton (resigned)
. do
360
Vfinnif* Bonen
do
360
The total number attending the schools at this agency for one month or more dur-
ing the year is 239.
The Government schools, in consideration of the number of teachers and cost, da
not show as large attendance as they should. More effort will be made in the fut-
ure to impress upon the Indians the obligations they are under by virtue of their
treaty stipulations to send their children to school. The boarding and day school*
should be well filled for nine months in the year, aud as the Indians have obligated
themselves to send their children for this length of time each year, it is believed if
they are properly urged that they will do so. The educational provisions of the treaty-
should be enforced.
I have the honor to be, respectfully, j our obedient servant,
J. F. KINNEY,
Indian Agent.
The COMMISSIONER or INDIAN AFFAIRS.
FORT HALL AGENCY.
Ross Fork, Idaho, Aitgust 20, 1884.
SIR: I have the honor to submit the following annual report for 1884 :
Th s reservation is located in the southeastern part of Idaho Territory, and extends
from Blackfoot River south 60 miles, averaging nearly 40 miles wide'. It contains
1,202,330 acres. By treaty dated May 14, 1*80, the Indians agreed TO cede the south-
ern portion of the reservation, containing about 325,000 acres, to the United States^
'64 REPORTS OF AGENTS IN IDAHO.
This treaty lias not been ratified by Congress. The portion ceded has never been
occupied by the Indians and is not needed by them, except perhaps the northern part
of Marsh Valley, \vhich is claimed by them for farming land. The boundary line of
the part ceded has not been surveyed, and, as described in the treaty in a zigzag course
across the reservation, is not satisfactory to the whites nor Indians. Where this line
would cross Marsh Valley seems to be a disputed point, varying from 2 to 5 miles, and
this uncertainty is the cause of a good deal of anxiety and dissatisfaction. This valley
contains about all of the tillable land on the ceded portion of the reservation. Over
50 families of whites have settled in it during the past 15 years. It is claimed that
the ceded portion would include all these families but 6. A point in this valley could ,
easily be determined for the boundary line, and a straight line east and west from that
point to the east and west boundary of the reservation would be satisfactory to the
whites and Indians, and include all the white settlers in the ceded portion, which
would be very desirable. The Indians would agree, I believe, to this alteration of the
treaty. It would cede 100,000 acres more land which is not needed by them. I ear-
nestly recommend that a new treaty be made that will be more satisfactory to the
parties concerned. This would leave about 800,000 acres of land on the reservation,
most of it grazing land. There would be 7,000 acres woodland, located in the ravines
in the mountains, and about 5,000 acres of tillable land that can be irrigated by the
Indians at small expense.
In the treaty above mentioned the Indians were promised land in severalty. Most
of the Indians are prepared for this and anxious to have allotments made; but before
this can be done the reservation should be surveyed. Each Indian could then be fur-
nished with a homestead. They are frequently told by white men that they will soon
have to leave the reservation to give place to white settlers, and they need the assur-
ance that the allotment of farms and title to the same from the Government would
give them. Greater progress will then be made in agriculture and other civilizing
pursuits. I earnestly recommend that the reservation be surveyed and allotments
made soon as practicable.
Their progress in farming from year to year is apparent to all who visit this agency.
The prospect of having a new flouring-mill and the fine appearance of the crops this
season pleased and encouraged the Indians ; but on July 13 the agency was visited by
the most severe hail-storm ever known here. It destroyed over 100 acres of wheat
and oats belonging to Indians. The crops not injured look well and promise a good
yield. The amount under cultivation is 593 acres, as follows : Wheat, 230 acres ; oats,
265 acres ; barley, 22 acres ; and potatoes, 76 acres. Over 200 acres of this is new laud
broken last spring. Not much wheat was sown on old land this season on account of
its liability to smut. New-land wheat is not so liable. The amount of the crop this
year is estimated at 18,650 bushels, as follows : Wheat, 3,000 bushels ; oats, 8,000
bushels ; barley, 650 bushels ; potatoes, 5,000 bushels ; and turnips, 2,000 bushels.
One thousand tons or more of hay will be put up by the Indians this season. They
sell their hay in stack at $5 per ton. Part of it is hauled off of the reservation by the
purchasers; the balance is fed to stock from the stacks. Their herds of cattle are not
increasing, except in a few individual cases. They number about 580 head of cattle,
mostly cows. No sheep nor hogs are owned by the Indians. They have 2,800 ponies,
more or less. They are moderately supplied with farming tools, which have been
furnished by the Government from time to time, except wagons. Twelve mowing
machines and one reaper have been purchased and paid for by Indians during the past
three years, and many are manifesting considerable desire to acquire property. Six-
teen Indians are building log houses or have built this season.
There is but one school here, which is located at Fort Hall, 18 miles from the agency.
It is an industrial boarding-school. Thirty-eight different pupils have attended the
past year. Thirty-two was the largest attendance for one month. Reading, writing,
arithmetic, and geography were taught in the school-room. Under the supervision
of the teacher, the boys cultivated 8 acres of land; 6 acres of this was in vegetables.
They were also instructed in harness-making and other kinds of manual labor. The
girls were instructed in household work, in mending, cutting, and making clothes,
and seemed to acquire a fair knowledge of their work. Most of the pupils made good
progress during the year. Their deportment was good. There were but few run-
aways, very little sickness, and no deaths. Indians are averse to sending their chil-
dren to school, particularly the Shoshones, because their medicine-men have told them
that the school was "bad medicine, that those who attended it would die;" and most
of them seem to believe this. I have, however, induced one of the medicine-men to
send to school; another has promised to send, and the prospect of a large school the
coming year is more encouraging.
I have not been able to organise the court for the trial of Indian offenses, as no In-
dian would accept the position of judge without pay. But with the assistance of the
Indian police I have been able to prevent and break up most of the practices men-
tioned in the rules, particularly plural marriages and the war and scalp dances among
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN IDAHO. 65
the Baunacks. The influence of the medicine-men against reforms is considerable,
although decreasing.
The Indian police, consisting of eight men, have done good work in arresting horse-
thieves and recovering stolen property, and in assisting in changing the practices and
customs that have prevailed among these Indians.
But few crimes are committed, and I can again report the general good conduct of
these Indians another year. There has heen no drunkenness or quarreling or fight-
ing. They are peaceable and well disposed. Gambling, however, has been almost
universal among them and is not easily broken up, though I am able to report some
progress in that direction.
I regret to report that no missionary work has been done among these poor red men,
except that performed by ministers making occasional visits to the agency. I be-
lieve that the efforts of a missionary stationed among them would soon produce
good results. The Indians are religiously inclined and need to be elevated and Chris-
tianized as much as the people of foreign lands. Most of them seem to have a faint
idea of some standard of morals, and they strive to live as near to that standard as
many white communities do.
Yours, very respectfully,
A. L. COOK,
The COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS. Indian Agent.
LEMHI AGENCY, IDAHO,
August 29, 1884.
SIR : In compliance with instructions received,.! have the honor to submit this my
fourth annual report of the condition of affairs at this agency.
The Lemhi Reservation is situated in theLernhi Valley, midway between two ends.
It is supposed to contain 100 square miles, but until it is proven by actual survey that it
does contain that amount it will remain, as it always has in the minds of those who
are acquainted with the locality, as being considerably overestimated. The executive
order dated February 12, 1875,' concerning this reservation, is as follows :
It is hereby ordered that the tract of country lying within the following-described boundaries, viz,
commencing at a point on the Lemhi River that is due west of a point one mile due south of Fort
Lemhi; thence due east about 3 miles to the crest of the mountain; thence with said mountain in a
southerly direction about 12 miles to a point due east of Yeanum (Y/earian) Bridge on the Lemhi
River; thence west across said bridge and Lemhi River to the crest of the mountain on the west side
of the river; thence with 8nid mountain in a northerly direction to a point due west of the place
of beginning; thence due east to the place of beginning, be, and the same hereby is, withdrawn from
sale and set apart for the exclusive use of the mixed tribes of Shoshone, Bannock, aiid Sheepeater
Indians to be known as the Lemhi Valley Indian Reservation. Said tract of country is estimated to
contain about 100 square miles, and is in lieu of the tract provided for in the third ailicle of an unrati-
fled treaty made and concluded at Virginia City, Montana Territory, on the 24th of September, 1868.
The above has a nice, flowing sound when read aloud ; but as it was intended more
especially for the information of the public, I would suggest that the order be
amended in such a way as to make the reservation lines perfectly clear, and not as
they are, at present, indefinite, imperfect, and with the exception of the starting point
and Yeanum (Yeariau) Bridge, impossible to find. Take for instance the 3 miles east
of the starting point to the crest of the mountain. Now, on the east of the starting
point there is a small ridge of mountains, and a little beyond that is the main range
of the Rockies. The 3- mile line going due east, passing through a narrow canon, will
end about midway between these two ridges of mountains. Then, again, on the line
southward, if it stops at a point due east of Yeanum Bridge it will stop considerably
short of 12 miles. The other points are just about as definite as the ones stated. And
now unless something is done the reservation will dwindle down to about 64 square
miles. The valley on the north and south ends of the reservation has been surveyed,
tlie latter during last spring, and in both instances the survey was carried on to what
is supposed by many to be a part of the reservation. In regard to the reservation
being surveyed, that has been suggested and urged so often as to become rather monot-
onous. I am, however, hopeful that it will be done some time during the present
century.
The land inclosed by the above limits (?) may be divided into two parts, viz, mount-
ain laud and farming land, of which the former has considerably the advantage, being
in the proportion of about 3£ to 1. Where the land is suitable for farming the soil is
good and the supply of water amply sufficient for irrigating purposes. The Indian
farms are located on the banks of the Lemhi River and McDevitt and Old Agency
Creeks, and they are worked by the Indian farmers equally as well and quite as prof-
itably as the same acn-age would be by white men. The amount of land under cul-
tivation has been largely increased this season. Several of our Indians have newly
started in, and are succeeding very well indeed. With more encouragement they will
be stimulated to go on with their farming operations, to enlarge their fields, to
4266 IND 5
66 REPORTS OF AGENTS IN IDAHO.
heighten the point of their ambition and gradually throw off their indolence, indiffer-
ence, and ignorance, and thns by short but firm strides press steadily forward until
they can fully realize the benefits, if not the dignity, of labor.
We have under cultivation on the reservation about 205 acres of oats, wheat, hay,
potatoes, turnips, and smaller vegetables. The crops are not yet gathered. I estimate
them as follows: Oats, 4,200 bushels; wheat, 460 bushels; hay, 33 tons; potatoes, 230
bushels ; turnips, 120 bushels ; and smaller vegetables, 87 bushels.
Four years ago these Indians began to farm, and now there are 33 families engaged
in cultivating 171 acres. This is a very decided gain. They are also much more
civilized as regards dress. The number of those who have adopted citizens' dress in-
stead of the blanket for daily wear is steadily increasing.
I have no police at this agency. The whole force was discharged June 30, 1883, for
incompetency. I believe that these Indians get along better without them, as there
have been fewer depredations committed during the past twelve months than in any
previous year.
There have been no offenses committed by whites against Indians. Two offenses
by Indians against whites, viz, killing young calves out on the range and attempt-
ing to rob the stage. The former case was disposed of by the Indians in council, when
it was decided that the guilty parties (three young "bucks") should remunerate the
owners of the calves, which was immediately done. The latter case occurred about 30
miles from the agency. Jack Grouse, while under the influence of whisky supplied
to him at Spring Mountain, attempted to imitate some of his white brethren, who had
robbed the stage a few days previous. He stopped the stage and struck at the driver,
but was scared off before any robbery was committed. He was arrested by the county
officers next day and sent to the county jail to amuse himself with a buck-saw and
wood-pile for two months. The white man who supplied him with whisky was also
arrested and sentenced to imprisonment for six months in the county jail. Another
white man was sentenced to thirty days for a similar offense. A colored teamster in
the service of a rancher in the valley, who persists in employing him in spite of the
mischief he has wrought among the Indians, has been furnishing the Indians with
whisky occasionally during the last seven years. He was arrested last fall, and al-
though the evidence was strong it was not considered conclusive, and he was discharged
with a caution "not to do it again." Although the more respectable white men in
this valley are anxious to stamp out the cursed liquor traffic as regards the Indians,
still the Chinamen continue to supply them secretly, and so far this year have man-
aged to do so without detection.
There was one case of horse-stealing this spring. The thief was a young Indian
from Wind River who was visiting here at the time. He started for home taking
with him a horse belonging to a member of this tribe, but was overtaken at Eagle
Rock and the horse recovered. These cases are getting fewer every year, and I think
we may in the near /uture be able to show a clean record for the year.
The vice of gambling prevails among these Indians to a great extent. They have
a natural craving for excitement, which they find means of satisfying either in card-
playing, stick-hiding, or horse-racing. One matter that is doing much to retard the
progress of these Indians is the visit every summer of parties of Flathead and Nez
Perec's Indians, who come solely for the purpose of gambling.
The Indians who own wagons are always willing to freight the supplies from Red
Rock, Mont., to the agency. They make the round trip of 140 miles in about five days
over a bad road, and generally with loads averaging 1,050 pounds.
These Indians during the past year have been blessed with very good health.
Number of births, 27 ; deaths, 13.
It is frequently asked, " What are the various religious bodies doing towards the
civilization of the Indians?" I very much fear that in this matter 'tis "Distance
lends enchantment to the view", and so the far-away African, Japanese, or Chinaman
stands a better chance of being converted than the Indian whose country we inhabit
and for whose future as well a present condition we are unmistakably responsible. If
the several religious denominations do not feel like taking hold in right earnest of
what is evidently their duty in regard to this conquered race, I would respectfully
urge, in the interest of the Indians, that missionaries be sent in large numbers to work
in the neighborhood of the several agencies, their efforts to be especially directed to
christianizing the bad white element, whose low moral status acts as a perpetual bar-
rier to the progress of our Indian population.
I am thankful to be able to record the fact that I have just been authorized by the
Department to make arrangements for starting a boarding-school for the Indian chil-
dren of this reservation, and sincerely hope that it may prove a lasting benefit to
them.
In conclusion I beg to tender my sincere thanks to the Department for the prompt
and vigorous help afforded me in my efforts to improve the conditions of these Indians.
I am, sir, yours, most respectfully,
JOHN HARRIES,
The COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS. Indian Agent.
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN IDAHO. 67
NEZ PERCE AGENCY, IDAHO,
August 20, 1884.
SIR : As niy third annual report, I have the honor to submit the following :
STATUS OF THE TRIBE.
As regards any advancement made by the tribe in civilization, I can only repeat
what I stated in my report for last year, namely, "this tribe has reached that point
in civilization where it will not advance until some important change takes place in
the Indian policy." Still the agent finds he has sufficient to do to keep the tribe where
it is. During a visit from an inspector of Indian affairs he remarked that "the Nez
Perec's are as far advanced in civilization, as a tribe, as any one of the five civilized
tribes in the Indian Territory." If such is the case, they should have power granted
them to enact laws for themselves, for use in connection with the "court of Indian
offenses."
There are individual cases where Indians have for the first time taken up and cul-
tivated land this year, and in other instances where they have increased the size of
their farms.
EDUCATION.
There is no doubt but that education will rate as the most important factor in mak-
ing the Indian policy a success. But the instruction given the Indian youth must
partake more of a practical character. The Indian, be he young or old, is more of
an imitator than a student ; hence a practical education is of more benefit to him and
more easily attained than a scholastic education. If he can read and write English
understandingly, and understands the first four rules in arithmetic, he is sufficiently
educated for all practical purposes for generations to come.
There are individual Indians, however, who show a desire to receive a more thorough
education than above indicated, and who have discretion and judgment— such I would
encourage to go up higher — while there are others who would use knowledge to the
detriment of their tribe. Such are only a hindrance to civilization. Both classes
are represented at this agency.
AGRICULTURE.
This tribe has manifested the usual amount of interest in agricultural matters. Ten
Indians have for the first time located upon and are cultivating land this year. The
crops are turning out better than was anticipated, exceeding by far the yield of last
year
COURT OF INDIAN OFFENSES AND POLICE FORCE.
The court has done a good work during the past year in correcting error and crime*
The following is a list of cases passed upon by said court :
Number
of cases.
Offense.
Fines im-
posed and
collected.
17
$168 25
3
Theft
25 00
2
"Wife-beating
23 00
1
Plurality of wives
20 00
1
Disorderly conduct
10 00
\
Contempt of court . ...... ...
10 00
Total
256 25
Amount of fines imposed and not as yet collected, $30.
lam pleased to note your estimate of the service rendered by said court, as also
that of the police force, as indicated in your last annual report, and hope that Congress
has granted your requests by making increased appropriations covering said branch of
the service.
Since I have been at this agency I have not found it necessary to call upon the'mili-
tary to aid me in dealing with any breach of the "intercourse laws" on the part of
whites. The police force has rendered all necessary aid.
Now that Fort Lapwai is practically abandoned— there being but one lieutenant
and ten soldiers left there — my police force should be increased. There is no doubt
but that the presence of the military had a restraining influence over reckless whites
and Indians, and it may be that the absence of the military might embolden such to
commit overt acts that may bring on serious results. With a sufficient police force
68 REPORTS OF AGENTS IN IDAHO.
and power to pursue and arrest offending whites outside the reserve, I can manage
the affairs of the agency without the aid of the military, except in cases of open hos-
tilities.
EMPLOYES.
The service rendered by the employe's is more than satisfactory. For the first time
in the history of this tribe, or agency, I am able to report that I have an apprentice
who can run both grist and saw mills and make as good flour and lumber as the white
em ploy 6 ; but he is not, as yet, able to dress the millstones and put the circular saw in
order. This will require an apprenticeship of one year more, at the expiration of
of which I expect to place said apprentice in charge of the mills at this agency.
REMARKS IN GENERAL.
I transmit herewith reports from the principal teacher in the school, also from the
missionary, Rev. G. L. Deffenbaugh, which will represent the work under their charge
more fully than I can represent the same.
Last tall the Indians hauled all the supplies for this agency from Lewiston, amount-
ing to 46,726 pounds, for which service they were paid $233.62. I purchased from
them and paid therefor for the service at this agency, as follows :
103 cords wood $463 50
22tonshay 330 00
14,525 pounds oats. 264 55
Total 1,058 05
Last fall certain Indians hauled from the Clearwater River to Fort Lapwai 235 cords
of wood and should have received in payment therefor $470, but have received only
$117.05, and that in merchandise. The balance they will lose, because they are In-
dians. The following are the circumstances : The party having the contract to fur-
nish wood for the garrison at Fort Lapwai made arrangements with the sutler at
said point to have the wood hauled; said sutler engaged some Indians to do the
hauling, for which he was to pay them $2 per cord. When the wood was delivered
the contractor drew his money and left the country without settling with the sutler
for the hauling of the wood, on account of which the sutler refuses to pay the Indians
the balance due them, although the sutler stated in a letter to me that they are to t
look to him for their pay. A copy of said letter was furnished the military authori-
ties, the matter was examined into by certain officers at Fort Lapwai, and a report
was made clearing the sutler from all responsibility. At said examination but ong
interested party was present, and after the result of said examination was made known
to said party, as received through the Indian Office by the agent, wherein it was rep-
resented that the said interested party made certain statements, he makes oath before
me that he was misrepresented. Thus, by the action of certain parties, the Indians
in question were defrauded out of over $3.>0. It appears to me that all parties inter-
ested, together with their agents, should have been present at the examination, but
no. invitation was extended.
Renegade Indians from other reserves come in occasionally, also Indians from " White
Bird's band of hostiles." Their presence upon the reserve is detrimental in the ex-
treme. The agent is not allowed to exercise discretionary powers in such cases. If
such characters are to be allowed t > remain upon the reserve they should be obliged
to cast off their blankets, wear citizen's dress and have their hair cut. The most se-
vere punishment that can be inflicted upon a wild Indian is to cut his long hair off.
In this connection I would state that I have authorized the judges of the " court of In-
dian offenses" to conclude their decisions with an order to cut the hair off of male
prisoners when ir is worn long. The result has been very satisfactory.
Power should be given Indian tribes to enact laws regulating offenses against law
and order not covered by the- " rules governing the court of Indian offenses." Horse-
racing, which is frequently accompanied by drunkenness and gambling, should be
stopped. Most of the seventeen cases of drunkenness reported were brought about by
borne-racing. Gambling in various forms is more or less practiced by the wild and
reckless characters. Both vices should be met with summary treatment.
The missionary, Rev. G. L. Deffeubaugh, has devoted his whole time to the spirit-
ual welfare of this people, and his labors are deserving of great credit.
The general health of the tribe has been excellent.
Any pen-on who supposes that an Indian agent's pathway is strewn with roses, and
his surrounding all that could be wished for, is sadly in error; still, with all the per-
plexities, compromising circumstances, charges preferred against him, and many other
unpleasant occurrences calculated to try one's patience in the extreme, the agent still
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN IDAHO. 69
exists and has abundant reason to feel grateful for the kindnesses and courtesies re-
ceived at your hands, and desires to return sincere thanks therefor, and through you to
the Interior Department generally.
I remain, sir, very respectfully,
CHAS. E. MONTEITH,
Indian Agent.
The COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
NEZ PERCE AGENCY, IDAHO,
August 20, 1884.
DEAR SIR : Your oft repeated expressions of sympathy with missionary work among
the Indians encouraged me to act on Agent Monteith's suggestion to send you a re-
port of religous work at this agency.
This is essentially mission ground, as witness yonder white head-stones beneath
that clump of locust trees, marking the graves of Revs. McFarland, Monteith, and
Spalding. The Rev. H. H. Spalding founded this mission in Ib38 and spent thirty odd
years of his life in its service. His name is a household word among this and neigh-
boring tribes. During the few years immediately following his death several min-
isters were connected with the mission for short periods each, and since November,
1878, it has been my privilege to go to and fro over this consecrated ground. My re-
lations with the several agents who have administered affairs of Government here
have been of the most pleasant nature, and I acknowledge indebtedness to them for
their many kindnesses. Our united policy has been, while keeping our work entirely
separate, to be mutually helpful in advancing the people under our care in civil and
religous life.
The present membership (adult) is 447, divided into three church organizations, the
third having been added only a few weeks ago. The original organization was at Ka-
miah, then the Lapwai church was formed out of a portion of its members, and iiow a
third church has been organized consisting of former members of both the other churches
living at the North Fork settlement. At their own expense they built a small frame
house in which they worship. Almost to a man these are a church-going people, and
in reality the houses of worship have long been inadequate in their beating capacity.
It is probable that both houses will soon be enlarged so as to accommodate all who
wish to attend services.
There are few cases of discipline except for conjugal infidelity and gambling in
horse-racing. On commencing the work here I made Christian marriage a condition
to full church membership, and, as was to be expected, for a few years there were a
great many offenders ; but of late it has been necessary to discipline very few per-
sons for breaking marriage vows. In the meantime all church members and many
outsiders, living in conjugal relations, have submitted to the ceremony of Christian
marriage. On the other hand, however, cases of discipline for horse-racing are on the
increase. Six members were suspended last year, but this year there will probably
be fifteen or twenty cases, when all have been considered. The agent has remon-
strated against the practice and I have preached against it, but to little purpose so
long as there is no law prohibiting wild Indians from engaging in it on the reserve.
There are connected with this mission two churches among the Spokanes and one on
the Umatilla reservation, with an aggregate of 211 members. The latter church is
supplied by two Nez Perce" ministers, formerly pupils under the care of Miss S. L.
McBeth. The two sisters, Misses S. L. andK. C. McBeth, one instructing classes of
men, the other laboring among the women, have done a good part in helping this and
neighboring tribes toward a Christian civilization.
The Presbyterian board of foreign missions expends annually something over $3,000
in conducting this mission, mainly in salaries, and in meeting traveling expenses of
native helpers in visiting out-stations and attending the stated meetings of Presby-
tery. The Kamiah people pay their pastor, Rev. Robert Williams, one hundred dol-
lars in addition to the salary he receives from the board.
I could proceed and write'about Sabbath schools, Christmas festivals, July celebra-
tions, and other matters connected with our church work during the year; but, by
the time I have touched on some points of general interest, I fear the limit of my
space will have been reached.
GAMBLING IN HORSE-RACING.
The wild Indians have several different modes of gambling. There is the universal
game of hands (lohmet), which usually has betting connected with it, and the com-
mon game of cards is very generally played for the same purpose. But neither of these
games is engaged in by the better class of Indians; gambling in horse-racing seems to
70 REPORTS OF AGENTS IN INDIAN TERRITORY.
be the most tempting, and it is with that practice we have had the most trouble in
the church. According to my observation there is nothing more demoralizing to the
Indian character excepting, perhaps, drunkenness, with which it is usually accom-
panied. An Indian knows nothing of horse-racing except as connected with betting
or gambling, hence I respectfully recommend that that practice be forbidden on res-
ervations, and that the infraction of the rule be included in the list of offense falling
under the jurisdiction of the Indian courts.
By the way, that " court of Indian offenses" idea is exceedingly timely and wise.
What you need to secure good service and satisfactory results is the payment of a
reasonable salary, with the promise that the term of service shall continue as long as
the incumbent proves capable. I believe in granting a premium to experience and
in making term of office in all departments of State commensurate with the incum-
bent's efficient honorable service. Until such is law and such is practice we will not
attain to any thing like perfection in popular government. Beg pardon for obtruding
my humble opinion on this subject.
In this connection, I wish to commend your good judgment in recommending that
Indians be allowed to make homestead entries without the payment of the usual fees
and commissions prescribed by law. At its last session, I believe Congress did
amend the law, so that Indians can now take up homesteads without cost, the most
gracious bit of legislation that has been ground out for a long time. To the poor
Indian with but at few dollars at most at command, struggling against so many odds
to get a start and make a living, it will prove a great boon. And then it was unjust
to ask him to pay a certain amount of money to secure what he has always considered
his own by the right of prior occupation.
NEZ PERCYS IN THE INDIAN TERRITORY.
In regard to the return of the remnant of Joseph's bands now in the Indian Terri-
tory, I rejoice greatly at the success that has crowned the efforts of my brethren in
the East; yet I am humiliated when I remember that their zeal was not all accord-
ing to knowledge. In recommending the return of all, without distinction, to their
mountain home, they refused to recognize the fact that it is difficult for men and
women to forgive and to forget such hellish treatment as they were subjected to
when their houses were burned, their property destroyed, their husbands and chil-
dren murdered and their wives ravished. Now by a wise provision of the Depart^
ment, I believe it is, those who were known to have committed such deeds are not
to be allowed to return, and so all trouble will probably be avoided.
* * * * * * *
PROPOSED INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL AT KAMIAH.
As to the question of reopening and enlarging the Kamiah school under church au-
spices, I regard it as another case of zeal not according to knowledge. For all prac-
tical purposes the location is too isolated and the expenditure of the same amount of
money in assisting a really needy people would be productive of more satisfactory re-
sults and at the same time be more in accordance with the spirit of philanthropy. It
is natural, of course, that the Kamiah people should desire a school in their midst for
their children, but were the matter properly presented to their minds, they would no
doubi gladly consent to do without, if the funds necessary for establishing their school
should be used in educating Indian children less favored than their own.
Yours, with great respect,
G. L. DEFFENBAUGH,
Missionary.
The COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
CHEYENNE AND ARAPAHO AGENCY, INDIAN TERRITORY,
Darlington, August 9, 1884.
SIR : In compliance with instructions contained in yours of July 1, 1 have the honor
to present this, my first annual report for this agency, but my fifth in the Indian
service. I take pleasure in calling your attention to facts and statistics which have
been gathered here by arduous labors, and patient and careful consideration of mat-
ters of importance since my arrival April 1. It is a far less agreeable though a more
important duty to speak of defects which need to be remedied in order that the labor
and exertions of the Department may be productive of the greatest possible good;
and it will be my aim to give you so far as possible a clear understanding of the
actual condition of affairs here, our wants, and the remedies to apply to correct the
abuses.
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN INDIAN TERRITORY. 71
The most serious difficulty to the advancement of these Indians lies in the lack of
power to control them, and the best results will never be attained until our roving
and lawless Indians are under complete control, and forced, not only to stop depre-
dating, but compelled to keep hands off of such Indians as desire to work. It is the
practice of the "dog soldiers" to compel the attendance of all Indians on their med-
icine making, and on refusal of any one to attend his teepee is cut up, chickens, hogs,
and cattle killed, growing crops destroyed; they rule with an iron hand, and their
will, right or wrong, is absolute law.
We have here 2,366 Arapahoes and 3,905 Cheyennes, making a grand total of 6,271
Indians. Outside of the United States police, a few half-breeds and the Indians em-
ployed in shops or in teaming, all wear blankets, live in teepees, and are uncivilized,
have the manners, ways, customs, superstitions, &c., which have been attached to
their races for generations gone by. There is not one full-blood Indian living in a
house, except as above noted. They idle away their time, and those that have small
patches that they call farms, consisting of from one-quarter of an acre to 10 acres,
abandon their crops on the slightest invitation and go to medicine or a feast, which
keeps them away ofttimes for a month when they are most needed at home. I have
great faith that this state of affairs can be changed ; first, as I stated, they must be
controlled, and those who will work and wish to abandon their old way must be as-
sisted, encouraged, and protected.
They have here over 4,000,000 acres of land, and while it is true that a very large
majority of this land is only fit for grazing purposes it is also true and can very read-
ily be seen that it is not necessary to have a great amount of good farming land for
only 6,000 people, and that a large part of the 4,000,000 acres can be practically worth-
less, for agricultural purposes, and still have sufficient good land for all their wants.
This is undoubtedly true of this country, but the small patches of rich land in the
bottoms are ample and will some day support these people handsomely.
All Indians that I have ever met, I care not how ignorant, know the difference
between right and wrong, and if told that the law is so and so, are as capable of
obeying it as whites, and it is a great calamity to them as well as the Government
that they should be allowed to exist and keep up their old customs and practices,
&c., when a simple act of Congress would so quickly transfer them into law-abiding
citizens. The lower House of Congress, at its last session, struck the key-note to
the tvhole situation, and I am sorry that the Senate could not agree that —
ADJ act which, when done by a citizen of the United States, would be a crime, shall be and is hereby
declared equally a crime when done by any Indian upon or belonging to any Indian reservation, and
such Indian committing such crime shall be subject to the same jurisdiction, and amenable to the same
process that any citizen would be in like case.
This-is not complete enough, but would have been a splendid start in the right di-
rection. They must conform to the will of the Government or take the consequences,
and it is important that this should be made intelligible and significant to them.
The speedy punishment of the Indians who took part in the raid on Horton, and for-
cibly took possession of over 200 ponies in May last, would have gone farther to break
down the power and influence of the worst class of Indians, than all the threats that
an agent could make during the rest of his natural days. In these tribes, like all
communities, there are particularly hard cases, who succeed better in general devil-
ment than most of their friends, because they devote more attention to it, turning all
of their energies in that direction, and bringing themselves to bear on it with an ear-
nestness and assiduity that could not fail to render them prominent. The occurrence
of many such raids will go further to break down the power and influence of the Gov-
ernment, if the guilty parties are left unpunished, than anything that can be done.
These Indians ceased to be useful and became wholly ornamental when they quit
hunting and settled down here to do literally nothing. They should have been from
the start given to understand that they must icork, and the power of the Army should
have been used to see that they did. I imagine that the thousands of hard-working
mechanics, artisans, farmers, and merchants, who pay a large tax and have the best
interest of our whole country at heart, would be surprised if they could pause from
their work and take a fair view of the 6,000 lazy Indians, who daily draw their pound
of flesh, and the blood with it, hides and horns thrown in. At times I get discouraged
when I look over the vast work to be done here, but so far from losing hope, I am
only nerving myself to fresh exertions, and I know the best way to deal with Indians
is, to neither promise nor threaten anything that cannot be carried out, and to deal
with them always in strict justice, treat them as human beings, like ourselves, as
they have much of human nature in their red skins, and are, as I have remarked, as
capable of listening to reason, when the reason is good, as if the color was white.
Resources sustain nothing, but labor sustains everything. This is a good country
for diversified crops, but the importance of agriculture among the Indians has been
overlooked. I hope to organize the labor here so as to be able to produce all the
wheat, corn, sugar cane, vegetables, and fruits required to support these people. I shall
not increase the amount of money expended but shall try hard to get 100 cents' worth
72 REPORTS OF AGENTS IN INDIAN TERRITORY.
of value for every dollar of the people's money expended. Twenty-five good farmers
as industrial teachers with agricultural implements and wire for fencing farms should
be allowed us, for several years, and it seems strange that $300,000 per year can be
secured for the purchase of beef and flour, and that this all-important end to be ac-
complished is so neglected.
AGENCY.
The agency is located on the east side of the Cheyenne and Arapaho Reservation,
within 2-£ miles of Oklahoma, on the north side of the North Canadian River and in the
first bottom which reaches back to the high land some 2 miles away. For miles from
this point the banks of the stream are denuded of timber and there are only such trees
growing around the agency as have been planted in the past few years. The situa-
tion is anything but good, especially when there are so many desirable spots so close
at hand. During the rainy season pools of water stand all over this rich bottom laud,
and with the dirt about the camps, it would be a stretch of imagination to call it
healthy. The climate here is mild, so much so that any one coming from the extreme
north would likely call it summer the year around. The nights are always cool and
comfortable. In the early spring the prairies and canons are covered with beds of
gorgeous flowers, but the Varieties are not so great as are seen in the eastern part of
the Territory. The surface of the country is generally rolling and in some places
almost mountainous, with few streams and less timber, and dreary to look upon, in
March when I first visited it, as the prairies were bare, having been burned off ; but at
this season of the year a drive on fine roads with beautiful and widely extended pla-
teaus upon either side, rich in all the elements of fertility, is a pleasing contrast.
The high prairies only need irrigation, or an increased rainfall, to make them yield
luxuriantly, while the low bottoms can be depended upon to produce bountifully
nearly every year. The reservation embraces 4,297,771 acres, and is bounded on the
north by the Cimarron River and the Cherokee strip, on the west by the Pan Handle of
Texas, on the south partly by the Washitaand Canadian Rivers, with the ninety-eighth
degree west longitude for our eastern line. The above rivers with their tributaries
give ample water for stock on almost all parts of the reservation, and with the ex-
ception of the sand hills, the grass grows most luxuriantly, making ample range for
large herds of horses and cattle.
The scarcity of timber is one of the greatest drawbacks, wo have to contend with,
and one that can only be overcome by the arrival of a railroad. Think of going 15
to 25 miles for logs for the saw-mill, or wood for fuel, for schools and agency use, and
in so sparsely timbered a country. When I say that the military require for their use
alone 1,600 cords per year you can readily appreciate what we are coming to, unless
coal, &c., can be brought in by cheap transportation.
CHEYENNES.
The Cheyennes are said to be the smarter race of the two, but in so short a res-
idence I am not fully prepared to give an opinion. That they are at present further
from civilization I am positive, and that they are insolent, headstrong, domineering
and hard to restrain cannot be questioned. They have never been whipped, and,
boast that they could wipe us out at any time — a matter that should speedily call for
the attention of the Government, as no' considerable progress can be made so long as
this feeling exists and this element rules the actions of the tribe. My hands are
manacled and the dog soldiers rule supreme.
The Indian question is one of great and absorbing interest to our country, and it is
to be devoutly hoped that the Army will be called upon to compel this lawless element
to obey the rules of this office, and exchange their rifles and pistols for agricultural
implements, and settle down to farming, instead of continually riding over the coun-
try and depredating on every one who may come within their reach. It is a dis-
graceful state of affairs, discreditable to our Government, and should not exist an-
other day. Men that can fight as these have can work, and why a few score of young
bucks should be allowed to interrupt public travel, levy tax on herds and freighters,
intimidate, browbeat, and threaten the lives of people quietly passing through the
country, compel the attendance of their own people upon the occasion of the medi-
cine-making, whether they believe in it or not, under penalty of having their tents
cut up, their dogs, horses, cattle, chickens, &c., killed, and create a disturbance at
will, is more than a law-abiding citizen can understand. The relations of these In-
dians to the Government have never been cordial. Nor is it strange at all when we
consider that they have never been made to respect its authority. They are proud of
their own tribe and despise the Arapahoes. Part of their dislike comes no doubt
from the fact that the Arapahoes have stood by the Government when they were hos-
tile. Cheyenne women sometimes marry Arapahoes, but I am told the men never do.
They make medicine several times during the season, which occupies several months
of their valueless time. At the medicine some very extraordinary scenes can be
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN INDIAN TERRITORY. 73
witnessed. For the Buffalo and Sun dances a large number of the braves are selected
on account of their physical strength and endurance ; they strip and paint themselves
to the waist ; some torture themselves and dance until they drop from sheer exhaust-
ion ; not many stand it for more than a day or two without food or water. Their en-
durance is worthy of a better cause.
The idea of a future existence. I believe, is general among these people, but it is said
if one dies by hanging they are forever lost. Their religion will change greatly as
they advance in civilization, but superstitions will cling to them for generations, and
it will be many years before they treat their women other than as slaves.
An Indian does not entertain the idea that girls exist merely to display fine drapery
and look pretty ; they have a decided notion that they were born to labor; and of the
75 acres reported as being under cultivation by full-bloods of this large tribe, hardly
any of it was worked wholly by men. In addition to the above 75 acres, two half-
breeds have farms of 100 acres, and the corn yield will be satisfactory.
AKAPAHOES.
The Arapahoes are generally quite tractable, good-natured, and inclined to be pro-
gressive, but like all Indians, they lack adhesion and zeal and aggressive habits, and
in the tribe there are some who are as bad as the worst Cheyennes ; and while I have
lai d little of our trouble at their door, I have done so because they are generally more
inclined to the right, and if separated from the Cheyennes would, I think, do much
better. Still, some of the depredations reported are traceable directly to them, and
while such reports are in some cases exaggerated, allowing a reasonable margin for
enlargement there is much that I know to be true that needs speedy correction.
The ordinary police work of a great Government like oars ought to be sufficiently
well done to render such scenes as are of weekly occurrence impossible.
Many of these people are insensible to their degradation. Their women possess no
will of their own, and would not be allowed to exercise it if they did. They are sold
at the age of twelve or fourteen years to the man who will give the most for them,
and they at once become his slave. They suffer beatings and general abuse, do nearly
all the work, and enjoy (?) the affections of their liege lord frequently with several
other wives. These remarks apply equally to the Cheyennes, who hold and treat their
women with the same iron law. They bear more affection for their children than
anything else, seldom if ever whipping them; but I am sorry to say that the same feel-
ing is not manifested by the children when grown, who not unfrequently chastise their
old parents.
The full-bloods of this tribe farm in a small way, having planted the past spring 422
acres to corn and garden vegetables ; but I am safe in saying that not more than 100
acres of this will produce anything, owing to the fact that it was abandoned as soon as
planted for the medicine.
The half-breeds have good farms in the Oklahoma country, and will harvest bountiful
crops from about 200 acres of well-tilled land. They all love to boast of their large
farms, and the signs they make to convince me that they are " pushing hard" on the
white man's road are truly wonderful.
The sign language is most expressive, and should be generally used bj all people.
When the military abandoned cantonment, Little Raven, an Arapaho chief, was
given a hospital building, which cost the Government $12,000, for a residence. He
sleeps in it occasionally, but has his tepee in the front yard, where his family lives.
Raven has a farm of 40 acres in the river bottom ; the land is most excellent. In the
early spring he plowed it and planted corn, but at once abandoned it and left to lead
the medicine-making ; the result is not an ear of corn, but a magnificent crop of weeds.
A majority of these Indians profess a desire to farm, but most of them wish to go from
50 to 100 miles away from the agency, rather than locate close by, where I can see
and assist them, and known just what they are doing at all times. It is easily under-
stood why they wish to go so far from any seeming restraint; i. e., if the corn crop
fails the cattle harvest will be good.
FARMING.
The question now agitating the Indians is, shall we go to farming ? My proposed
innovation on their do-nothing every-day life is opposed by the extremely conserva-
tive class, who regard a change of any kind as synonymous with an attack to sub-
vert their people, and they are unable to see anything but ruin and anarchy among
the people in the following of the plow and living in houses, or, as they express it,
getting on the " white man's road." But while this question is assuming so much im-
portance, and promises to be lively and entertaining, there are quite a number who,
if left to do as they please, will make good farms and homes for themselves and families,
while some others cannot be induced under any circumstances to work. If they can
keep body and soul together by obtaining in some shape the results of the labors of
74 REPORTS OF AGENTS IN INDIAN TERRITORY.
others, as they say, they are not ready arid will not be civilized, and^look upon any one
who wishes to advance them in agriculture as their enemy. The lack of rain during
the summer seasons in the past has been a bar to agriculture, but as the country is
undergoing a climatic change as the rainfall is constantly growing greater west, I
am of the opinion that when the seeds are put in at the proper time we will have no
trouble in raising good crops on the bottom-lands, and when the sandy soils demand
rain for the growing crops it will come. It seems that the individual should be con-
tent to leave the future in the hands of God.
CATTLE.
The cattle business under favorable circumstances is a paying business, but it is
questionable if it will pay the Government to enter into it on their own account, and
it is extremely doubtful if these Indians will for many years to come be successful
stock-raisers. They cannot wait for the natural increase, and if they are possessed of
a cow, whenever they are hungry and there are no stray stock handy they at once kill
their own. The idea of these wild beef-eaters raising cattle is out of the question
until they have made further advancement; still, there are a few exceptions, and two
or three full-bloods have small herds started. The experience of the Government
the past year should satisfy most any one that it will not pay to continue the busi-
ness, as out of 801 cows and 25 bulls purchased one year ago but 509 cows and no
bulls could be found this spring, the balance having been killed, it is supposed, by the
Indians, or died from starvation, as they are compelled to subsist entirely on the range
the year round. Seven hundred and fifty of these cows cost $37.50 each and the 25 bulls
cost $98 each ; the 292 cows lost, $37.50 each, cost $9,950 ; the bulls cost $2,450 ; add to
these amounts the actual pro rate per head of cost of herding the same for one year, i.e.,
$740, and we have a net loss of $13,140. The results in some other cases have been
nearly as disastrous, and I am safe in saying that the loss of cattlemen by depreda-
tory Indians on the reservation was the past year not less than $100,000; add to this
the' annual tax received by the Indians of $75,000 for the use of a sparsely occupied
range, and it can readily be seen that the cattle business has other than bright sides.
So general has this practice of depredating become, that I am compelled to note that
a returned Carlisle boy led a party who shot down seven oxen from a train that
was freighting on the western part of the reservation.
Twenty acres are considered necessary for each animal, taking the year through,
as there is such a small per cent, of winter range, and in my opinion it is only a ques-
tion of time when all stock must be provided with feed during the severe winter
weather. The expense attending the management of the cattle business is quite
large, especially during the spring "round-ups," which might be described about as
follows, viz : All cattle on a certain section of country are collected together without
regard to owners, and the different cattlemen interested work extremely hard, work
their horses harder, and nearly kill their cattle in their efforts to separate their vari-
ous brands, as the cattle are kept constantly moving by some one riding through the
herd looking for their particular brand. At one of these "round-ups" in April last I
saw 100 men, and it was said there were about 6,000 cattle that had survived the
severe storms of winter. This manner of wintering stock is nothing less than slow
starvation, a test of stored flesh and vitality against the hard storms until grass
comes again. The skeleton frames of last winter's dead dot the prairies within view
of the agency with sickening frequency. Still, this is in the heart of the great graz-
ing regions of the West, and, until we have a greater rainfall or can irrigate, the
country must in the main remain a paradise to stock-raisers.
The great loss of agency cows and bulls noted above does not include the loss of
beef steers received last January for issue to Indians.
The Cheyeunes and Arapahoes have but 2,318 ponies and mules and but 1,694 cat-
tle—1,000 of the latter belong to a half-breed Cheyenne— which shows these tribes to
be very poor, considering the great number interested.
SANITARY.
The health of these people has been remarkably good, considering their condition
and habits. Their filth and general neglect of health invite disease as a natural
consequence, and if the cholera or any epidemic disease should get a start the mor-
tality would be most fearful. Cleanliness is insisted upon as being next to godliness,
but advice on this subject will be required for years to come. The romance and
beauty is all taken away from an Indian village by a personal visit. The dirt, stag-
nant water, offal from slaughtered beef, &c., the year around, makes a mess of stench
more than a white man can stand. In fact, they select most unwholesome localities
for camps, and it is a wonder that the death-rate is not greater. Syphilis is common
among them, most especially the Arapahoes, who have little regard for virtue. Be
it said to their credit that they are generally temperate, and I have yet to hear of a
full-blood who has been under the influence of liquor.
REPORTS OF AGENTS IX INDIAN TERRITORY.' 75
TRANSPORTATION AND LABOR.
$
I desire to give credit to the Indians when it is due, and it is worthy of note that
they haul their supplies from Kansas, 135 miles away. It is true the Government
pays them liberally for hauling the goods which are purchased wholly for their own
use, but this is a step far in advance of their former life and will lead to better results
in the future. They must be encouraged in this way, and those who show a desire to
help themselves should be assisted in many other ways.
The young men in our shops deserve credit for their perseverance and steady habits,
and they should be paid increased wages as they become proficient in the trades.
We only issue beef and flour to these Indians ; all other supplies are purchased by
them, from sales of beef hides, grazing tax funds, and the pay for their labor in trans-
porting supplies.
The education of the mind makes the training of the hand speedy and easy, and it
can be readily seen that the young men who have been in school and learned to talk
make much more rapid advancement in the shops, on the farm, or in other branches
of work, than those who have not had such advantages. The immediate demands of
these people is a practical knowledge of how to supply their wants, and the transpor-
tation of supplies, coupled with farm work, under competent instruction, is a good
school for them.
EDUCATION AND SCHOOLS.
The two Government schools from April 1 to June 30 were certainly little credit to
teachers, Indians, or any one else connected with the work. They were not more than
half filled, and the children came and went about as they pleased. In the latter part
of June the Arapaho chiefs issued an edict that their schools must be filled up, and the
dog soldiers were called upon to execute it, which they did be it said to their credit,
and for a few days before the close of the term that school had a good attendance. But
the Cheyennes having taken a dislike to the superintendent in charge of their school,
did nothing to build it up, but rather tried to tear it down. Like all other branches
of the agency work, the lack of power to compel the Indians to do as we think best is
fully manifested here.
What I have said of the Government schools, proper will not apply to the two
schools controlled by the Mennonite Society. Their schools, although having a small
number of pupils, have been quite successful; but they want more children than they
can induce to attend, and the necessity for the strong arm of the Government to adopt
compulsory attendance is fully understood.
At no period in our history has the education of the Indian been generally and
earnestly discussed as during the past year, and the failure of schools to confer the
benefits expected has dissatisfied some who are now led to question the advantages of
education, holding it responsible for the sins of ignorance. But the good results from
school training can only be seen where the Government continues to instruct after the
pupils have left school, and I claim that the $1,000 spent on a boy at Carlisle or else-
where is of little value, unless it is followed with an additional expenditure of, say,
$250 per year for at least two years after his return in assisting him in opening and
making a home.
It is desirable that every child should have the benefit of school training, and we
have reached the point that fully warrants the Government in enforcing compulsory
education among these people. Every means have been used to induce them to keep
their children in school, without good results, and thay can have no excuse other than
want of appreciation. If their children were at work and their labor necessary to
keep poverty from the door, the situation would be changed ; but I can see no earthly
excuse for their non-attendance, neither can I see why they should be abandoned
when they leave school. The few good results that I have noticed are due to the per-
sonal energy and benevolence of a few of the. teachers who have manifested unsur-
passed fidelity under most discouraging difficulties.
The heavy drafts for children for Carlisle, Chilocco and other schools, depletes the
agency schools and aside from the discouragement to teachers it is hard to fill the places
of children from the camps.
The industrial branch has been neglected ; but it is my intention to, so far as possi-
ble, follow the wishes of the honorable Secretary Teller, whose views on this subject I
consider as pure and sound as gold.
The average attendance of children at school is as follows :
Cheyenne Indian boarding school 71
Arapaho Indian boarding school 66
Meunouite mission at agency 28
Mennonite mission at cantonment 22
Reports from superintendents of these schools herewith, except Cheyenne— the su-
perintendent having left the service.
76 REPORTS OF AGENTS IN INDIAN TERRITORY.
RETURNED CARLISLE PUPILS.
The Government seems ready and willing to educate the Indians at school ; but after
a boy has been at Carlisle for 'three years he is sent back to the filth and dirt of camp
life with nothing to do or do with. If I could have my own way I would give these
boys a practical education in farming. I would break and fence for them 40 acres of
good land, build thereon a small house, and in other ways assist them to a start in the
world. One energetic farmer as instructor could look after a dozen of them and keep
them going ; the cost would not be great, but the results would be lasting, and in the
end, $^50 that have been spent per year on each one while at school would not be lost.
What 1 would do would cost no more than to continue them in school for two years
longer, and would certainly do much more good, and render what has been done use-
ful instead, as in most cases, a dead loss. It can hardly be expected that the Govern-
ment will furnish all these young men employment when they return from school, as
blacksmiths, tinners, carpenters, harness makers, &c., but they can all engage in agri-
culture, and should, I think, be encouraged to do so. They exercise a most potent
influence with the tribe, the old signifying their approbation and seeming to acqui-
esce in their desire for more knowledge and better homes.
INDIAN POLICE, CRIMES, ETC.
The police force of the agency consists of 40 men, 25 Cheyennes and 15 Arapahoes.
They are not drilled or disciplined, and while some are good men many are practi-
cally worthless and cannot be depended upon in any contest with their own people.
They are only used to prevent the driving of unauthorized cattle over the reserva-
tion, looking for whisky peddlers, and in rounding up whites generally who are on
the reservu on without authority.
The pay of all Indian police is too small, and it would be bettor to reduce the num-
ber by half if the pay could be doubled. They should have two complete uniforms
per year; their ponies should be fed, and full rations for themselves and families
should be issued to them.
The court of Indian offenses has never been established here, and I doubt its practi-
cal workings at the present time.
Few crimes outside of depredations have been reported. A white man was mur-
dered while herding cattle on the range of Robert Bent, a half-blood Cheyenne. It
is supposed that he came upon an Indian while in the act of skinning a beef, and the
Indian, to hide his crime, deliberately and in cold blood shot him.
AGENCY AND OTHER BUILDINGS.
Here at the agency proper are the agent's residence, a one-aud-half story structure
27 by 36, with kitchen attached, 14 by 14; it is in good repair, but the ceilings are too
low, and there is not enough room for a residence of this kind. Eight other resi-
dences for employe's (all out of repair); a physician's office, 16 by 30; a large brick
commissary, 60 by 120, with office in second story, adequate in every respect for the
business of the agency; a blacksmith and carpenter shop of brick, 30 by 85, both
roomy and complete ; a large barn for agency work-teams, which needs repairs ; a
stable and carriage-house at agent's residence^ 21 by 33 ; a saw-mill building, 28 by
96, not in good repair, but sufficient in size for all requirements; a corn-crib, 27 by
33 — this building is nearly rotted down; a boarding-school building for Arapahoes,
60 by 120, much out of repair; a neat little brick laundry; a large brick school build-
ing used by the Menuouites for both Cheyenne and Arapaho children, all of which
are the property of the Government. There are also three large trading stores, with
residences for employe's employed therein; a hotel, a livery stable, and residence, a
printing office, and a neat little cottage belonging to and occupied by the agency in-
terpreter. Two and a half miles to the southeast and across the river is our large cat-
tle corral, 277 by 586, with scales and scale-house, all nearly rotted down and unfit
for use. To the north three miles away, at the Caddo Springs, stands the large Chey-
enne school, on a beautiful hill skirted on the south by a fine natural grove of black-
jack timber. Sixty miles to the northwest, on the bank of the North Canadian, we
have a group of old abandoned buildings formerly occupied by the military, but now
used by the Mennonites for school purposes; all of these buildings are out of repair
and many of them entirely worthless. Very few of the buildings of the Government
and none of the fences are in proper condition, and many additions to the Mission
school buildings are needed to make them convenient and comfortable, and to attain
the best results.
FORT RENO.
Fort Reno is only 1£ miles southwest of the agency, on the south side of the river,
situated on the summit of a gracefully sloping hill. It stands within full view. The
parade ground is in the center of the inclosure and is large enough to make quite a
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN INDIAN TERRITORY. 77
park. The large stone, brick, and frame structures surround it, broad graveled roads
with stone walks lie between the buildings and the grassy square, and on either
side healthy trees are fast growing to beautify the place. The residences of the offi-
cers, fronting as they do the drive about the parade grounds, are of brick and frame.
They are large square structures built in the southern style, with entrances in the
center, and appear large enough for small hotels with wide piazzas. They are beau-
tifully furnished. West of the parade ground a broad road separates the corrals,
wagon and feed lot, and runs south past the immense establishment of the "post
trader." To the west of this and down the slope are the white teepees of the Indian
scouts and their families. This is a splendid little post, fitted as it is, with all the
comforts for six companies, and as we daily hear the bugle's melodies and the boom
from the field piece proclaiming the military day ended, we are reminded by their
thrill that Nation with a big "N " is a reality. Only a little over 200 men are regularly
stationed here, whose duties include scouting in Oklahoma, so at the prevent time
there are less than 150 men at the post. Such a force to compel obedience among six
thousand wild Indians amounts to a farce. One thousand men would be little
enough, and I doubt if there is another place in the United States where they are
needed as much.
MISSIONARIES.
The faithful missionaries among the Indians seem at last to be reaping the reward
of their toils they have been undergoing for the last generation, in seeing a growing
demand all over the country for schools of instruction for Indian youths. The prej-
udice against educating the Indian is fast leaving the minds of both white and red,
and it appears that the labors of many who have devoted their lives to efforts among
this race have succeeded in making a lasting impression. During my short residence
here I have found the Meunonites who are engaged here most earnest and faithful
people, who seem to have but one object in view, i. e., the raising of the Indian to our
civilization. The Presbyterian society have also had a young man here who has ren-
dered valuable service ; but the main purpose of all who accomplish any good here
must be to teach the Indian how to make a living.
In conclusion, let me say that I shall carry out the policy of the Government as far
as possible according to your wishes and with avoidance as far as possible of all com-
plications with the Indians. I must, however, hope that the Government will give
me support, and consideration should I be unable to fill all their expectations. I am
profoundly grateful for the confidence which the Interior Department has reposed
in me, and in the future as in the past, I shall do your bidding, believing that my
transfer from Quapaw Agency is a compliment for faithful services rendered. I ask
your forbearance, trusting it will be extended to me, and hoping that each recur-
ring year I may be able to feel that I have done my duty and advanced the Indians
under my charge,
I am your obedient servant,
D. B. DYER,
United States Indian Agent.
The COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
CANTONMENT, INDIAN TERRITORY,
•August 14, 1884.
D. B. DYER,
United States Indian Agent, Cheyenne and Arapaho Agency, Indian Territory :
DEAR SIR: Upon your verbal request, I herewith respectfully submit a brief report
of the missionary work carried on by the Menuonite Church among the Indians in
your charge.
The school is evidently one of the most effectual means in changing the savage and
wild heathenish life of these Indians to a civilized, quiet, and useful Christian life.
Our school at the agency has had during the past year the desired number of child-
ren, varying between 30 and 36. The school at this place was opened on the 1st of
September, 1884, with 18 children. Our mission at the agency was established es-
pecially for the Arapahoes. The mission work at this plac was begun -with a view
to extend it to both the Arapahoes and the Cheyennes. We had made arrangements
last fall to accommodate not less than 60 children, but the average number during
the year was only '21. The Cheyenues would not agree to send their children to the
same school with the children of the Arapahoes. They were, as they said, awaiting
the construction of a school building for them exclusively, having had the promise
of one.
In our schools we teach above all other things the Christian religion, as with the
acceptance of Christ and his religion the superstition and heathenish customs of these
78 REPORTS OF AGENTS IN INDIAN TERRITORY.
people of themselves fall away, and these being overcome, it will be a matter of little
consequence at all to civilize them, especially so as they are in their way a very re-
ligious people. But doing these, other means in bringing about the great change of
these people are not neglected. The children in our schools are taught the common
English branches, as reading, writing, arithmetic, geography. The majority of them,
especially the younger ones, understand the English language well and speak it freely
among themselves.
The industrial education has not been without success. If there was sufficient
work, the children were kept in the school-room only till noon. During the rest of
the day the boys were put to work in the field and the garden. The girls were taught
to sew, to knit, to mend, and to do other housework. Education in industries is of a
far greater value to these Indians now than literary knowledge. Give to the rising
generation of these tribes a good school-room education only, and then let them return
into camp, and they most probably will be more indolent, more barbarous and savage
even than their ignorant and superstitious parents now are. To encourage them
to work we have given the larger boys the privilege to plant and to cultivate with
our mission teams some corn for themselves. Some have as much as 2 acres each.
Their corn is very good and promises a rich return.
in connection with the mission school at the agency we have cultivated 30 acres ;
the mission school at Cantonment has cultivated 50 acres. Most of the work was
done by the larger boys, under the directions and supervision of the industrial teach-
ers. The value of the crops of corn, oats, potatoes, sorghum, broom-corn, and veg-
etables at both missions amounts to almost $3,000 ; and the expenses of seed and cul-
tivating the fields do not exceed $1,400. Besides this, the children learn to work and
see the benefit of patient labor. More than this even, the camp Indians will learn
to see that their lands, now of almost no value to them, are inexhaustible gold mines,
and they only need to learn how to get the gold out of them.
Another aim in view in our missionary work is to break up the tribal connections
of these people, which will do away with their tribal obligations and customs. To
this end we are making efforts to get individuals to live with their families in houses
at this place, separating themselves from their bands. They oblige themselves to
have no medicine dances at the station, not to take one or more wives to the one
or those they already have, to send their children to school, and to make efforts to start
a farm in order to provide for themselves and their families. There are now six fam-
ilies located in houses with us. Some are not doing well at all ; others are trying to
do the best they can. Several have bought and paid for cooking stoves and make
use of them. One has with our aid fenced 20 acres of land, paid for the wire, and has
broken 4 acres.
A great drawback to these and other Indians, who perhaps wish to abandon their
old ways in order to make a good start in life, are their medicine dances. Whilst I
do not believe that these dances ought to be prohibited by force, as they are dear and
sacred to them, being a part of their religion, though barbarous and in some ways
even cruel it may be, I do, on the other hand, think that protection should be given
those who do not wish to participate in those " medicine dances" any longer, but
•would rather tend to their fields and cattle.
The health in our schools generally has been good. A. few deaths occurred, but the
children that did die were taken in because they were sick, in order to receive proper
care. This has anew shown us the necessity and feasibility of a hospital for the sick
children of schools as well as the sick from camp.
Although the past year has been one of many disappointments and " buried hopes,"
we are not discouraged, knowing that these Indians too are endowed with an intellect
to be enlightened and a soul to be saved by the power of the gospel of Jesus Christ.
And the day will come when they too shall vsee this powerful and regenerating truth,
acknowledging Jesus to be their God and their Saviour.
Thanking you for your unwavering kindness and aid in respect to us and our work,
I am, very respectfully, yours,
S. S. HAURY,
Mennonite Missionary.
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN INDIAN TERRITORY.
79
KlOWA, COMANCHE, AND WlCHITA AGENCY,
Anadarko, Indian Territory, August 28, 1884.
SIR: I have the honor to submit herewith this my seventh annual report of the con-
dition of affairs of this agency.
The following table represents by tribes the number of Indians attached to the
agency :
Tribes.
Males.
Females.
Children
aj
of school
je.
Males.
Females.
Kiowa
528
624
80
81
573
809
76
87
151
157
29
31
TVichitas
98
111
13
16
"W"acoes
19
21
4
5
73
90
10
11
40
39
6
7
271
285
29
31
27
47
6
5
80
85
10
13
Total
1 860
2 268
263
287
The Kiowa, Comanche, and Apache tribes are what are called " blanket Indians," and
are not as far advanced as the other six tribes. The Wichitas, Wacoes, Towaconies,
Caddoes, Keechies, and Delawares have been learning the ways of civilized life for
many years past, and are now almost in a self-supporting condition. They cultivate
the soil, live in houses, and dress in citizen's dress.
The Kiowas, Comanches, and Apaches have, I think, made good progress since
they left the plains, ten years ago, and settled down on their reservation. They have
given up many of their savage customs and adopted many of the ways of civilized
life ; some appear in citizen's dress habitually, and many others occasionally, but, as
no clothing was issued last fall, the number using the dress the past year was less
than the year before. Many of them cultivate the soil and have, well-fenced fields
varying in size from one up to fifty acres. I regret that I cannot report the build-
ing of more houses, very few having been erected during the year. There can be no
doubt that these Indians are gradually learning and adopting the ways of civilized
life.
The Kiowas have danced less this year than usual, and they seem to have given
up their annual medicine dance, for as yet they have said nothing about it. The hold-
ing of this dance has always been a great occasion and considered one of their most
important ceremonies, for they have believed it absolutely necessary to secure their
health, and success in all their undertakings, either at war or in the chase. They
have generally gone out on the plains from forty to sixty miles from the agency and
been absent from five to six weeks. On several occasions, since the buffalo disappeared,
they have suffered very much with hunger while out, and I hope we have heard the
last of the dance.
AGRICULTURE.
We had a late spring, and consequently the Indians did not finish planting their crops
until late in the season. An abundance of rain having fallen, the corn came up well
and grew rapidly until about time to commence throwing out shoots, but at that time
our usual dry weather came on and the late crops suffered so much for want of rain
that the yield will be very light.
A much better report may be expected hereafter of the farming operations of these
Indians, for the care and attention to be given to the work by the additional number
of farmers to be appointed under a late order from your office will add materially to
the result.
PASTURE.
When the heifers and bulls purchased for the Kiowas, Comanches, and Apaches were
delivered at the agency in the month of July of last year, to be held for their common
benefit, there was no inclosed pasture on the reservation in which they could be
placed, and I was compelled to turn them loose on the Washita River. Having re-
ceived permission from your office to build a pasture, I selected the northeast corner
of the Kiowa and Comanche Reservation, and, with the wire furnished, I built a fence
80 REPORTS OF AGENTS IN INDIAN TERRITORY,
on three sides, taking the Washita River as a natural barrier for the fourth or north
side, inclosing land enough to hold these cattle and any others that might be purchased
for the Indians. The north front of the pasture following the tortuous course of the river
is about fifteen ridles in length, in which there are a few intervening spaces that are not
a complete or sufficient barrier, and will require about five thousand pounds of wire to
make them so. As soon as the fence was completed, I had thrown into this pasture all
I could gather of the breeding cattle, and the lour months' supply (1,669 head) of beef
cattle that had been delivered to me in the month of January. Shortly afterwards
fire was in some way set to the grass and it was nearly burned off. I was compelled
to turn the cattle outside, which I very much regretted, for I well knew what would
be the consequences, however active might be the small force of herders in my employ.
It is well known that public property is more likely to be depredated upon than pri-
vate, and cattle running at large with the Government I D brand upon them, and
known to belong to the Indians, would be preyed upon by all classes — by the white,
black, and red man indiscriminately. The result proved my fears to be well founded.
Some animals were found upon which the attempt had been made to burn out the
Government brand.
TROUBLE WITH CATTLE MEN.
Although the Indians have been quiet and generally friendly to the whites during
the year, a few of them have given some trouble to the cattle men who have leased
the grass on the southern and eastern portion of the Cheyenne and Arapaho Reserva-
tion. The Kiowas have claimed that the Cheyenne line should be farther north.
This question of the division line between the two reservations should be settled as
soon as possible, and if it can be done, as was suggested last winter by Agent Miles
and myself, by the military running the lines, it will probably settle it for all time.
The Kiowas have also made some trouble on the western cattle trail by demanding of
drivers beef or money for passing over what they claim as their country.
The affiliated tribes, as is known, laid claim two years ago to that portion of the
reservation assigned to the Cheyennes and Arapahoes by Executive orders in 1869, and
lying between the Canadian River and the Kiowa and Comanche Reservation. Dur-
ing the past year the Caddoes, excited thereto by a designing white man, threatened
to drive out the cattlemen, who have leased these lauds from the Cheyennes for a
term of years, and on one occasion a considerable party of Caddoes, influenced by
him, visited the different ranches and ordered off the cattlemen, burned the grass,
and destroyed soine of the wire fencing.
SQUAW-MEN.
I had been nearly five years in office before I met with the common experience of
a United States Indian Agent's trouble with squaw-men. Having had occasion dur-
ing the year to take action against one of their number, they decided I was not such
an agent as they wished to have, and immediately instituted proceedings by which
they hoped to effect a change. There are some good men among this class who wield
a good influence over the Indians, but there are others whose character and influence
is so bad that it is futile to expect peace as long as they are permitted to remain
among the Indians, aud as some of these last seem to believe that the fact of their
once having cohabited with a squaw secures to them not only the much-cherished
right — "the right to live on an Indian reservation" — but also the right to do pretty
much as they please, some decision is required defining their status ; and certainly, if
they are to be held amenable to law, Indian agents should be supported in all proper
action taken against them.
INDIAN POLICE.
The work done by the police during the year was very satisfactory, and when pro-
vision can be made for quarters, and the proper subsistance of themselves and horses,
that degree of discipline could be enforced from which greater efficiency of the force
•could be attained.
FREIGHTING.
The Indians hauled all the freight, and, except in cold weather, they have done it
•cheerfully aud well. The total amount hauled was 543,071 pounds, nearly all of
which was hauled from Caldwell, Kans., a distance of 150 miles, and for which the
Indians received $7,851.56.
INDIAN LABOR.
I have given employment to as many of those applying for work as the funds
allowed for that purpose would permit. No work has been done for some weeks past
in the mill, where a number of Indians have heretofore been engaged, in consequence
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN INDIAN TERRITORY. 81
of the giving away of the boiler, but employment was found for some in the work
upon the new building erected for agents' quarters, a brick house which has recently
been completed, and which is situated on the south side of the Washita River. This
house has been much needed, for ever since the burning of the Wichita school-house,
when one of the largest dwellings was destroyed, theie has been a want of room for
the accommodation of employe's.
SCHOOLS.
The two Indian schools, the one for the children of the Kiowa, Comanche, and
Apache Indians, and the other for the children of the affiliated tribes of the old Wich-
ita Agency have been in successful operation during the year. The heavy drafts
made upon these schools during the terra to furnish children for the Chilocco school
and others very considerably reduced the number of scholars in attendance. There
was taken from the agency at one time seventy children for the Chilocco school, and
most of these were drawn from the two schools then in session. The Indians having
once brought in their children and filled the schools, they are slow in answering the
call for a new supply to fill the places thus vacated, and as it happened that most of
those furnished for this purpose the last term had not before attended school and the
•weather was very warm, they did not attend regularly.
I regret very much that the work in the Wichita school cannot be conducted the
approaching session in a new building. For two years and a half past the work in
this school has been carried on under very unfavorable circumstances. The build-
ings that have been used were wholly un suited to the purpose, as it has not been
possible under the circumstances to maintain a proper discipline, nor to secure the
comfort of the children. Indeed the buildings were so open that during the coldest
weather in winter there was actual suffering.
A crop of corn and vegetables was planted by the children of each school the past
season, but like the crops generally in this part of the Territory this year, the yield
will be short.
The average number of children attending the two schools during the year was84£.
SANITARY.
The health of the Indians during the year has been good. I think the number of
those who apply for and make use of the white man's medicine is steadily increasing.
Certainly wre have heard much less about their medicine-men the past year than
heretofore. Their influence is still very great, however, and the agency physician
finds it opposing him in all his practice, but especially in those cases that he is called
to treat in the camps, when, as it happens, the patient is subjected to the severe treat-
ment of the Indian doctor at the same time that the agency physician is prescribing
for him. We cannot expect the Indian to have confidence in the white doctor
and his medicine unless he has been reasonably successful in his practice, and how
can we expect him to be successful when his patients are made to pass through the
ordeal the Indian medicine-man imposes upon them, such as the beating of drums,
the ringing, of bells, and howling of Indians, and sometimes the internal application
of some nauseous and hurtful nostrum. I know of no better way to meet this difficulty
than by the building of a
HOSPITAL.
This I have recommended in a former report and I believe has been recommended
by many other agents. Not only would the physician be enabled to treat his patient
more successfully, but every Indian brought from the camp to the hospital would be
thrown directly under civilizing and Christianizing influences.
RELIGIOUS.
The Rev. J. B. Wicks, who for three years past has been laboring as a missionary
among the Indians of this and the Cheyenne Agency, made his home at this agency
during the past year. A neat church building has been erected at the agency, and
services held every Sabbath. The Rev. Mr. Wicks represents the Episcopalians of
the Central diocese of New York, and this church was built by funds contributed by
that Church.
several of the other affiliated tribes.
Very respectfully,
P. B. HUNT,
Indian Agenr.
The COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
4266 IND 6
82 REPORTS OF AGENTS IN INDIAN TERRITORY.
OSAGE AGENCY, INDIAN TERRITORY,
September 1, 1884.
SIR : In compliance with office circular of July 1, 1884, I have the honor to make
my sixth annual report of this agency, located in the Indian Territory and occupied
by the Osages, Kaws, and part of the Qnapaw Indians.
The Osages numbered 1,570 in June, 1884, consisting of 1,215 full bloods and 355
mixed bloods. They are steadily decreasing in numbers, and must continue to do so
until they give up their old customs of religion, pleasures, and dress, as they are at
variance with all general rules of health. They are apparently strong and hearty,
and with proper care of themselves there should be no reason why they should not
be a healthy and prosperous nation.
The Kaws numbered '245 in December, 1883, consisting of 194 full bloods and 51
mixed bloods. The full bloods are fast passing away, with few recruits to fill their
places, while the mixed bloods are steadily increasing, and in a few years, at present
rate, will be in the majority. The Kaws persist in keeping up the old Indian habits
of visiting, much to their disadvantage, as they are always giving and receive but
little.
The Quapaws that reside here came from their reservation by permission, intend-
ing to unite with the Osages. They are semi-civilized, wear citizen's dress of the
poorest quality, have built for themselves huts, and broken small patches of ground
upon which they raise a little corn and vegetables. They work but little, preferring
to dance and gamble, live hard, and as a result are rapidly passing away. I have not
taken a correct census of them the past year, but think they will not exceed 100
alive now.
INDIAN FARMING.
Experience has hot proved that the Indians of this agency will in the near future
become successful farmers. They have put in their usual amount of corn and vege-
tables, and have taken very good care of the crops, will have more than usual, and a
large number of them will have potatoes to use. They enjoy rest, however, and a
few acres is as much as the women care to tend with the little help they get from the
men.
A number of mixed bloods have large farms upon which they raise corn principally,
for which they find a ready market at home from stockmen.
EDUCATION.
The full blood Osages and Kaws are naturally averse to educating their children,
especially the girls, and if they are placed in school it is the result of a large amount
of coaxing or some other incentive. Many of them who talk very nicely about the
benefits of an education will remove their children from school upon the most frivolous
excuses.
Believing that to educate their children was the best possible thing that could be
done for them, I insisted that the Osage council should pass some compulsory law,
and as a result they passed a bill that all children not in school eight months in the
year should lose their annuity, placing the school age at from seven to fourteen years.
As a result of this law the school at Osage filled up rapidly in March and maintained
a steady attendance until the close of the school in June. A large number, however,
were unwilling to believe that the law would be enforced, and about 70 children lost
their annuity at the June payment. At Kaw the Indian office made an even more
strict ruling which secured the attendance of nearly every child for the first half of
the year. Some complaints have been made at both agencies about the instructions,
but the Indians generally have taken the matter in their usual submissive manner.
I am happy at this writing to say that during the last half of the year the rulings
promise to be a grand success, as Indians were notified by the police that schools
would open on September 1, and asking that they bring their children in a day or
two prior to that time. On September 1 we had about 150 at Osage and nearly all of
school age at Kaw. Not only did the Indians bring them in themselves, but in-
structed them to stay, and promising to return them at once should any run away.
It, is undoubtedly a great step forward, and I sincerely hope that none of the advance
taken will be lost.
There has been no missionary stationed here during the year. Services have been
held a number of times by those passing through the agency or visiting temporarily.
Regular religious service has been held on the Sabbath at the schools, attended by
most of the employe's and scholars, and a Sabbath school maintained part of the
year on Bird Creek, 30 miles south of the agency.
The Indians are naturally very religious in their way. The Osages maintain a kind
of religious organization, to support which they will sacrifice anything that they
have. The issues of cattle and the large cash annuities of the past two years have
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN INDIAN TERRITORY. 83
given them means to join this order, and large amounts of stock and merchandise have
been spent for that purpose; even small children have taken the rite of the dove, as
it is called. Many of them see that this custom is making the Indians poor. They
often speak of the matter, but seem wholly under the 'influence of the medicine men,
whose bread and butter largely depend in keeping the Indians interested in these
religious rites. I trust that in the near future they may be induced to accept some-
thing better. There is much need of devoted, active missionary work, those that
can enter the service and master the language, thus enabling them to teach the
Indians in their own tongue, leading them from their superstitious worship of an im-
agiuary great spirit, through prayers and songs to birds and beasts and repetitions of
brave acts, to a knowledge of a real Savior.
At the Osage council, held in January, it was determined by the Indians that all
shops at the agency should be closed on June 30 as free shops. I secured the author-
ity for the employe's then running the shops (all being citizens of the Nation) to con-
tinue to run them, charging the Indians for work done. They have been run in this
manner for two months. They are doing a good business, and all appear satisfied.
Soon after my arrival at this agency in 1878 I was convinced that the entire sys-
tem of issues, both of rations and annuity goods and the system of free shops, was a
disadvantage to the Indians, cultivating iu them habits of indolence, improvidence,
and extravagance, and determined as fast as possible to inaugurate a system whereby
each Indian would realize something of his own expenses, and thus educate him by
practical experience to husband his resources, and at last have succeeded in cutting
off all except the doctor's office, and for mauy reasons I believe it would be best to
dispense with that also, though there are good reasons why it should be maintained
for the present.
The Indians realizing that they were being continually imposed upon by stockmen
allowing their cattle to drift over on to their reservation, and the difficulty of collect-
ing taxes for the same, determined to make some leases along their borders of lands
that were not occupied, both as a means of securing a greater income and as a protec-
tion to the balance of their reservation — the Kavvs leasing the north half of their
reservation, and the Osages making six leases, one on the west, three on the north,
one on the east, and one on the south, in all about 350,000 acres, for the term of ten
years, payable quarterly, in advance, at from 3 cents to 4 cents per acre per annum.
As a result the Raws receive annually about $2,100, whereas under the old system of
charging for grazing the most they ever collected in any one year was $340, results
at Osage being equally favorable. All these leases have been fenced by the parties
securing them.
By authority of the Indian Office wire has been purchased and the balance of the
Kaw Reservation inclosed, so that the Kaws are practically living inside a pasture of
50,000 acres, the police riding the line of fence every few days. In this pasture, agency
and Indian stock are allowed to run at will. Under authority, also, wire has been
purchased, and the leases on Osage Reservation connected near the lines of said re-
serve, except a gap of 6 miles on the east, with the intention of protecting the Indians
in their stock-raising, and preventing the large herds along the borders from drifting
on the reservation. We hope to finish the O.sage fence this fall, which will make in
all about 60 miles of fence belonging to Ossges and Kaws.
The supplies for the agency have grown less year by year as the issues of annuity
goods and rations have been diminished, until now they are confined to what is nec-
essary for the boarding schools.
The transportation was all given to the Kaws during the past year, as they needed
the income.
Thf -nills have been run part of the year with Indian help, cutting lumber to keep
up repairs at agencies and for Indian houses. Twenty-six houses have been built for
the Indians, and many of them are purchasing pine lumber to ceil their houses, thus
making them very comfortable. I think it is better to have them make some per-
sonal investment than to do the work for them, and have encouraged them to expend
a part of their annuity in making their homes more attractive, in fixing up their
houses, and purchasing furniture, &c. A number of them have had wells dug and a
large number have had orchards planted.
During the month of June I personally visited almost every Osage camp while
taking the census, getting as near as possible the amount of laud each had in cultiva-
tion and the kind of crops raised, the kind and number of stock, and endeavoring to
get the correct age of every me'mber of each family, that I might justly carry out the
instructions in reference to the schools. I was often made to exclaim, as I went from
lodge to lodge and saw many with scrofulous sores, undressed, naked, and dirty-faced
children, women broken down with carrying heavy burdens, homes without an evidence
of comfort or refinement, "Rich, yet how poor!" and wondered if even the hoarded
millions that these people possess in common would ever be appreciated by them, or
they use it to really better their condition.
84 REPORTS OF AGENTS IN INDIAN TERRITORY.
While there is much to discourage, yet the past year has noted some progress and!
trust the future may prove it in a more marked degree.
I acknowledge my indebtedness to the Indian Office for their cordial support, and
to the employes at the agency for the harmony that has existed, and to the Indiana
of this agency for their manifest kindness in complying with the requirements of the
office.
Very respectfully, yours,
L. J. MILES,
Indian Agent.
The COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
PONCA, PAWNEE, OTOE AGENCY, INDIAN TERRITORY,
August 15, 1884.
SIR : In compliance with instructions from the Department, I have the honor to sub-
mit my first annual report of affairs on this agency, together with the accompanying
statistics, as required by printed circular dated July 1, 1884.
Before proceeding to speak specifically as to the condition and prospects of the sev-
eral tribes connected with the agency, I desire to present a few general observations
applicable equally to all, and thus avoid the repetition of matters that may be dis-
posed of at once. Having assumed charge of the agency on the 1st of January, 1884,
I can only speak with confidence of what has transpired during the last six or seven
months, and for the same reason I am not under the necessity of presenting "rose
colored statements" to magnify my office, since no very remarkable change in the con-
dition of my charge could be expected in so short a period.
I am pleased to be able to say that the Indians have been remarkably quiet and
peaceable. There has been no outbreak of any kind, no grave crime, no breach of the
peace, and very little intoxication has occurred among any of the tribe. On two oc-
casions I have had notice that some of the Indians had procured liquor, and were
somewhat under the influence of it. I made strenuous exertions to ascertain where
and from whom the liquor was procured, but the Indians are extremely reticent on such
matters and nothing could be learned from them. This is a record that cannot be
equaled in any white community of corresponding numbers. I regard them as more
quiet and peaceable and less disposed to be quarrelsome than any people with whom
I am acquainted. If misunderstandings occur, or disputes arise in regard to the rights
of property, or trespass of stock, the matter is always referred to the agent, and his
decisions are accepted with apparent cheerfulness. Personal encounters or physical
violence are almost unknown among them. The one detestable exception is that they
sometimes mistreat their wives, and even this dastardly crime is rarer than in many
white communities I could name. So far as my limited observation and experience
may be trusted, they are a patient long-suffering race, easily controlled by kindness
and requiring little to make them happy. While these are admirable qualities they
nevertheless have some disadvantages. la many cases they amount to, or rather seem
to be the result of indifference and want of energy, and thus hinder their making that
degree of progress which a less apathetic race would accomplish under like circum-
stances.
These tribes all recognize the fact that they can no longer pursue the path of their
forefathers, but must adopt the white man's way, and they accept the situation with
resignation if not with cheerfulness. They have so completely abandoned the old
way that the passion for the chase, either for amusement or as a means of subsistence
appears to have completely died out. If they cannot hunt buffalo or elk they will
not hunt turkeys or prairie chicken, both of which are abundant, and they never
attempt to take fish, with which their streams abound. Few of them possess or
seem to care for fire-arms; on the other hand they appear really and honestly anx-
ious to adopt the habits and means of livelihood pursued by white men. But here a
much more dificult task confronts them. It is easy enough to give up hunting buffalo
when there are none to be found. It is easy enough to abandon the old road when it
is completely shut up and obliterated, but the entrance to the new path is rugged
and thorny. In entering upon a new course of life so much at variance with all their
ideas, habits, and traditions, many and formidable obstacles stand in their way.
Chief among these is their natural indolence. I think many of them really want to
work, but while the spirit is willing the flesh is weak. They are easily fatigued, and
easily diverted from the business in hand. They will quit the most urgent job on the
slightest provocation or simply to lie in the shade. Regular and systematic work is
what they need to be taught first of all. For this reason I consider it good policy,
and good economy as well, to employ all the Indian labor that can be profitably used
about the agencies. These men acquire habits of sustained and regulated labor, as
well as a knowledge of and skill in the use of tools and implements, and when they go
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN INDIAN TERRITORY. 85
out to make farms of their own experience proves that they succeed much better
than others, and their example benefits those around them.
Another of the obstacles to their progress toward self-support is their inveterate
habit of visiting. When the fit takes them to go off on a visit, they will drop the plow
in the furrow, leave their wheat dead ripe in the field, or the mowing machine in the
swath and go. I have endeavored to effect a change in this particular. Another cus-
tom very much to be deprecated is the practice of wholesale visiting. A party of fifty
or two hundred and fifty from some distant reservation suddenly quarter themselves
-on some one of my tribes and stay there, feasting and dancing, till they have eaten
their hosts out ot house and home and completely exhausted the patience and re-
sources of the agent ; and they leave, taking with them a drove of ponies which their
entertainers for some inscrutable reason feel bound to give them, thus leaving the
tribe which has been the victim of the raid sadly depleted and impoverished.
While these are some of the principal difficulties with which the Indians and those
whose business it is to assist them have to contend, there are many minor drawbacks,
such as their ignorance and thoughtlessness in tlie care and management of horses,
other than their tough little ponies, their inability as a general thing to comprehend
the use and operation of machinery and implements, their improvidence in failing to
provide for the subsistence of their stock in winter, whereby they lose every year nearly
as much, as they gain by natural increase of their little herds, and lastly the entire
inadequacy of the means at their command in the way of work, stock, and tools,
mainly the fault of their own mismanagement, to carry out their farming operations
-as generally and successfully as they should.
These tribes are addicted to certain heathenish customs, which while they do not
particularly interfere with their progress toward self-support, which is the principal
object aimed at, are nevertheless, barbarous and reprehensible, and must be given up
before they can be considered fairly on the road to the civilization and status of the
white man. The sun-dance is one of these. It is practiced only by the Poucas, and
occurs but once a year. It is gradually, I think, losing its more revolting features,
and I hope to be able to suppress it entirely. Plural marriage is allowed in all the
tribes, but it is not practiced to any considerable extent. I do not think in all four
of the tribes under my charge they exceed a dozen cases. The most deplorable of all
these barbarous customs is the selling of girls in marriage; this practice, I think, is
universal. A marriageable girl in a family is considered as much an article of mer-
chandise as a horse or an ox, and is sold to the highest bidder and assumes the mar-
ried state and the duties of maternity when she is a mere child, and often sorely
against her will. An unmarried girl of more than fourteen or fifteen years of age is
not to be found. The elevating and refining influence exerted by young ladies in
white society is unknown among the Indians. The effect is bad in every way. It
cuts short their education at the very point where it would begin to be of some prac-
tical advantage. A girl over fourteen or fifteen years of age is seldom found in the
schools. It breaks them down physically and they become prematurely old ; it de-
grades the woman to a condition little better than slavery; while it does not perhaps,
as before remarked, interfere particularly with their material progress it does in my
opinion hinder more than any other thing the elevation and civilization of the race.
I have mentioned these various hinderances and draw backs. Not as matters of dis-
couragement, or as justifying any relaxation of effort in behalf of the Indians, but
present the true state of the case, to show the nature and extent of the work to be done
and to guard against unreasonable expectations of sudden and great results.
In the direction of teaching these Indians how to provide for their physical wants,
and in the end to become independent of Government aid, very much has been ac-
complished, as the statistics of the several tribes will show. For the improvement of
their social condition and to eradicate their heathenish ideas and customs some other
means than those heretofore in use should be adopted. The agent fully occupied
•with the arduous work of looking after their physical necessities has little leisure for
their moral and spiritual cultivation.
11 Courts of Indian offences," composed of Indians as judges, for the trial and pun-
ishment of offenses arising among their people have been proposed ; no attempt so
far as I know has been heretofore made to organize such courts in connection with this
agency. I have recently taken steps to form such courts in two of the tribes.
In settling the ordinary disputes and misunderstandings that occasionally arise
among the Indians, I think they will be a great help and relief to the agent. As to
their efficiency in preventing or punishing what are technically termed Indian offenses,
such as bigamy, the sun-dance, giving away property at funerals, &c., I am by no
means sanguine. I think it will be difficult to persuade Indian judges to regard'and
punish as crimes acts which they and their people have from time immemorial looked
upon as perfectly proper and right. What is needed is a radical change of sentiment
among the Indians, and this must be effected by moral means. Coercion will never
accomplish it. Here is a missionary field as needy and much more promising than
any that can be found in Asia or Africa, and I would gladly welcome any effort tha.t
86 REPORTS OF AGENTS IN INDIAN TERRITORY.
might be made in this direction and do what lay in my power to promote its success.
The Woman's National Indian Rights Association has during the present summer
inaugurated a movement which I regard as highly important and praiseworthy, by
sending out two ladies to labor among the women of these tribes in teaching them
the arts and economies of domestic life. The education of the Indian woman has
been heretofore entirely neglected, but I feel confident much can be done by an agency
of this kind to improve their surroundings and elevate their condition. One of these
ladies is at Ponca agency and the other at Pawnee. The work, of course, is thus far
in its incipient stages and results are not yet tangible, but the field is wide and
promising and I believe it would be a wise policy on the part of the Government to
appoint, especially at Pouca. a teacher to labor in conjunction with the society, as
there is room enough and ample work for both.
Having thus sketched briefly what to my limited observation seems to be the
general condition of these tribes, and indicated in part what I regard as essential to
their future progress, 1 proceed to note somewhat in detail the present condition of
the several tribes and what has been done by them in the past year, or rather that
portion of it during which they have been under my supervision.
THE PONCAS.
The Ponca Reservation has been fully described in the reports of my predecessors,
and it is needless to repeat the description here. Lying in the valleys of the Arkan-
sas, Salt Fork, and Chikaskia, it is abundantly watered, well timbered, and comprises
a very large percentage of rich bottom land (a little too sandy for this dry, south-
western climate), but capable in ordinary seasons of producing heavy crops of all
common grains and vegetables. Its natural resources are sufficient if properly devel-
oped to make these people independently rich.
The Ponca s divide their attention about equally between farming and stock-raising
and are making fair progress in both. If this season had been as favorable as last
they would have shown a very satisfactory increase, both of acreage cultivated and
production. They are also gradually acquiring small herds of cattle, which, if no
misfortune befalls them, will in a few years place their owners in comfortable circum-
stances. The following statistics present a view of the agricultural operations of this
tribe for the past year, which is as nearly correct as actual count and measurement or
a very careful estimate could make it. Seventy families have been engaged in culti-
vating crops of corn or wheat or both, and most of these have added a variety of field
and garden Vegetables. They have had in cultivation 679 acres, from which they
have raised 2,186 bushels of wheat, 7,725 of corn, and 1,320 of potatoes, 3,100 melons
and 4,000 pumpkins, 15 bushels of onions, 10 bushels of beans, besides a considerable
quantity of peas, cucumbers, radishes, cabbage, &c. The amount of wheat is ascer-
tained by actual measurement; the average yield was a little over 12 bushels to
the acre, which is rather a poor showing for this country. The Indians, howe /er, are
not discouraged and will sow again, and as < xperience teaches them the necessity of
earlier planting and more careful cultivation of the ground they will succeed better.
The corn is still in. the field, but after very careful examination I estimate the aver-
age yield at 15 bushels per acre. It should have been at least 30. The difference is
owing partly to the unfavorable season ; very wet in June when the corn should have
been cultivated, aud excessively dry in July* but more to late planting, failure to get
a good stand, and want of cultivation to the extent that was practicable. The corn
on the agency farm under similar conditions of soil and season will produce 40 bushels
to the acre. This I think is an argument in favor of a well-managed agency farm.
The Indians are not slow to observe the contrast between the heavy crop which here
covers the ground and their own scanty fields, and will be stimulated to greater exer-
*tions in future.
In the matter of stock-raising they are making a very fair start. This branch of
industry, I think, should be encouraged as far as possible. The country is well adapted
to it. It is not to the same extent subject to the vicissitudes of wet and drought as
is general farming, and offers to these people a readier means of competence and self-
support than any other occupation in which they can engage. The Poncas now own
1,003 head of cattle; 246 of these are the increase of the present season. They own
also 54 American horses, 203 ponies, 92 swine, aud 848 domestic fowls. In regard to
the stock-raising the trouble heretofore has been that the Indians made insufficient
provisions for a winter supply of provender and allowed the stock to " rustle " for a
living as best they could during the greater part of the winter. The result was that
they lost every winter nearly as much a^ the increase of the summer. To remedy this
I have encouraged and assisted them as far as possible to put up hay, and I estimate
that they have secured about 686 tons. This is far short of an adequate supply, but
thelack'of rakes and mowing-machines has been a serious drawback; of these last
there are quite a number in the tribe, but most of them are entirely worn out, and
the rest have only been kept going by constant repairing, the whole force in the black-
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN INDIAN TERRITORY. 87
smith-shop having done little else throughout the harvest. On the whole the Poncas
have made a substantial and notable advance over last year, and as they acquire knowl-
edge and experience in civilized pursuits and gradually overcome their constitutional
weariness, they will advance more rapidly in future.
School.
The industrial school has been in successful operation during the year, although the
number in attendance was at no time up to the full capacity of the building. The
number of children of school age in the tribe is 129, and when the new school year
begins I shall see whether the authority of the agent is not sufficient to compel a full
attendance. The work of the school during the past year was quite satisfactory. The
pupils made good, and, in many cases, surprising, progress, and both boys and girls
showed an aptitude and willingness to engage in manual labor in their respective de-
partments, which is highly gratifying and proves the wisdom of beginning with the
children in teaching these people the arts of peace.
The industrial teacher, with the assistance of the boys alone, cultivated 20 acres of
corn and vegetables, and will secure some 400 bushels of corn and 150 bushels of po-
tatoes, besides an abundance of summer vegetables for the use of the school. Twenty
acres of the agency farm were planted to corn by the farmer last spring ; the balance
was assigned to the school and sundry Indians. The crop on this 20 acres, notwith-
standing the somewhat unfavorable season, is very good and will afford plenty of for-
age for agency stock.
Sanitary.
That the Poncas have pretty much given up the employment of their native medi-
cine men is shown by the number of cases treated during the year by the agency phy-
sician. In fact they call upon him in all cases, and for every little ailment. From
the number of cases reported it might seem that they are an unhealthy race, but such
is not the fact. Serious and fatal illness is rare among them. Their sanitary condi-
tion in fact is very good. The births during the year exceeded the deaths by twenty-
three, and contrary to the fact among Indian tribes, the Poncas are gradually in-
creasing in numbers. The location is remarkably healthy, as is shown by the fact
that among the forty white persons on and about the agency no case of illness wor-
thy of mention has occurred during the present summer.
THE PAWNEES.
The following statement of the condition of this tribe furnished by Capt. Rees Pick-
ering, who has been in immediate charge of the agency during tho entire year and
for several years past, is as full and complete as I could hope to make it. I therefore
approve and adopt it as a part of this report :
"The Pawnees now number 1,142 souls, a slight decrease since last annual report.
Hereditary and constitutional diseases are slowly but surely decimating this people.
Aside from these the general health and condition of the tribe has been remarkably
good. The abundant crops of last year furnished them with good and nourishing food
as well as with a limited supply of cash with which their immediate wants were sup-
plied.
" The mode of living adopted by this people has not materially changed within the
past year. Many of them not being able to net breaking done on their allotments lasc
year, they were obliged to remain by the old village farms in order to raise corn and
vegetables, this difficulty is, however, removed in many cases, as breaking was done
the past spring, entirely on allotments to which claimants will remove this fall when
the proper arrangements can be made for their assistance.
" This is one of the best evidences of the breaking up of the village system. J$o new
allotments were assigned the past year, though at the present time there are quite a(
number of parties waiting for the establishment of boundary lines to their claims.*
Heretofore the impracticability of getting material for house building near their claims
or intended homes has been discouraging to them, but the receipt of a new portable
saw-mill has inspired them with fresh hopes and renewed energy, and I can see noth-
ing to hinder the majority of the Pawnees from being located, each family on a home-
stead, in the near future. Those who have settled upon their allotments have, I believe,
in every instance, remained upon them and are working and planning for future im-
provements.
"The result of their agricultural operations will not be so encouraging as that of last
year. An excessive rainfall in the early part of the season followed by exceedingly
dry weather has greatly injured the crops. The corn crop will not average perhaps
more than one-third of that of last year. In some instances, where planting was late
on account of rain, the crop will be almost a total failure. Their stock of vegetables,
squashes, &c., will not be so limited. The yield of wheat was fair in most instances.
88 . REPORTS OF AGENTS IN INDIAN TERRITORY.
Unusual care must be exercised over these people the coming winter in order that
there may not be want among those who have been unfortunate in not raising crops.
" There is no disposition to return to the ration system. Two years' trial without the
weekly ration has undoubtedly resulted in good to this tribe since it became a neces-
sity for them to exercise at least a degree of industry and forethought in providing
the necessaries of life. Agricultural pursuits engage the principal attention of these
Indians, though several members of the tribe have a few head of cattle each, and one
has directed his attention to mercantile pursuits with a fair prospect of success.
" There is need of more implements, particularly mowing-machines and hay-rakes for
Indian use. If open market purchase of such material could be made implements
more suitable for the service than those furnised under estimate could be obtained
and at the time required for use.
"During the past winter the reservation was overrun with range cattle, to the in-
convenience of quite a number of Indian settlers. There being so many miles of open
line exposed, and so great a number of cattle it was impossible to restrain them.
Where damage to Indian property was done by such stock ample compensation was
in nearly all cases made. To avoid any inconvenience from this source in the future,
a majority of the tribe consented to lease, and leased about 150,000 acres of the reser-
vation to responsible parties for a period of five years from June 1, 1884, at an annual
rental of 3 cents per acre payable in advance. The parties leasing have erected a
good and substantial fence along the boundary line of tract so occupied so there need
be no excuse for trespassing stock hereafter. The tract of land leased was entirely
unoccupied excepting by two small settlements to which wire will be furnished with
which to fence all cultivated land. All the Arkansas River bottom within the limits
of the reservation, the Bear Creek and Camp Creek Valleys are not included within
the leased tract and these afford ample room on which to locate every family belonging
to the tribe on the best fanning land ion the reserve.
" Not much building has been done by the Indians during the past year. Now that
the portable saw-rnill is at hand I anticipate a great deal of work in that direction.
The condition of the agency buildings (particularly the employe's cottages) is poor.
Estimates were made at the beginning of the last fiscal year for a reasonable amount
for the erection of a commissary building, three employe's cottages and repair of others.
No action was taken in the premises. The commissary building in particular is a mis-
erable structure, and that any party should be held responsible for supplies therein
stored docs not seem just.
"The in&ustrial school has been well attended and the results have been quite en-
couraging. The building being of limited proportions has generally been filled to the
utmost capacity conducive to the health and comfort of the students. A larger per.
centage of girls were in attendance than during the previous year.
" In October last 19 children were sent to Carlisle and other schools east. Upon the
opening of Chilocco school a delegation of 13 was furnished that institution. While it
is evident a system of compulsory education among the Indians would be advantageous,
such a course would scarcely be necessary here, by reason of limited school accom-
modations. It is positively essential to erect additional school buildings, if the chil-
dren of school age in this tribe are to receive even a partial education.
"The Woman's National Indian Association has recently established a mission at
this agency. There is an abundant field for labor in that direction. The work is
not yet thoroughly systematized. It is hoped much good may result from such labor.
" The Indian police, while they have not been all that could be desired, have been
reasonably effective and have discharged nearly all duties assigned them in a satis-
factory manner. Their services are particularly appreciated in returning children
(absentees) to school.
" The employe" force at the agency has been effective and competent, and I feel that
much is due them for the patience and energy displayed in carrying out instructions
and their faithfulness iu discharge of their duties."
THE OTOES AND MISSOURIAS.
The condition of these Indians appears to have been generally regarded as less
hopeful than that of any other tribe connected with the agency. They had the repu-
tation of being given to" making fair speeches and gorgeous promises without any in-
tention of living up to them and of being lazy and shiftless to a degree beyond that
of most Indians. My experience and observations leads me to conclude that this
estimate of their character is in part at least erroneous. A long course of harsh and
inconsiderate treatment has doubtless rendered them morose and suspicious, and culti-
vated a habit of dissimulation in their intercourse with those about them. But I
think they are on the whole/not different from other Indians, and that when treated
iu u friendly and reasonable way they will respond in a similar sprit.
The principal difficulty I have encountered is in bringing them to a realizing
sense of the necessity of personal exertion for their own support. They appear to
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN INDIAN TERRITORY. 89
think a large amount of money is or will be due them from the sale of their lands,
and that when it is paid them they will be able to live without work. Nevertheless
a respectable number of them have gone to work in good earnest, and are making
considerable progress, while nearly all by constant urging are doing something to-
ward their own support.
Their reservation as an agricultural district is very much inferior to that of the
Poncas adjoining them. There is, however, good laud in the valleys of Red Rock
and other streams sufficient to furnish farms for all that are ever likely to need them,
and the rest is very superior grazing land. If the Otoes could be induced to turn
their attention mainly to stock-raising they might soon become comparatively well
to do. They have as yet done very little in this direction, there being but six head
of cattle o-,vned in the tribe. I am told it would be useless to attempt to assist them
in getting a start, as they would simply kill and eat the stock that might be i.ssued
to them. While this might have been true years ago I have a higher opinion of their
good sense than to suppose they would do so now. But I am not sufficiently ac-
quainted with them to recommend that any such experiment be tried at present.
Their agricultural operations this year have been unfortunate. The severe drought
in July was even more disastrous here than at Ponca, a few miles north. They had
sown no wheat, and their corn is almost a failure. They had under cultivation 500
acres of corn, which will yield not to exceed 10 bushels to the acre, or about 5,000 bushels.
Some 4 acres of potatoes were planted which did better, making an estimated yield
of 2.~0 bushels. Other vegetables were so indifferent as to be scarcely worthy of
mention. They have cut and put up 296 tons of hay, which will be ample provision
for the amount of stock in the tribe which is not large. They own 179 horses, mostly
Indian ponies, 6 head of cattle, and a few swine, sheep, and domestic fowls. This
failure of crops, while it is a thing occasionally to be expected in this locality, is just
now to be regretted as it tends to discourage their efforts in this direction, and make
them more remiss in future. I have endeavored to impress upon them the idea that
two such seasons in succession are not to be expected, and that next year with proper
effort they will no doubt raise large crops.
The agency farm of 12 acres was planted to corn, and, notwithstanding the unfa-
vorable summer, will produce some 350 or3UO bushels. The agency herd is doing well
and now numbers 157 head of cows and stock cattle and will soon furnish a large part
of the be«f required for the Indians.
The industrial school last year was only moderately prosperous. It has been exceed-
ingly difficult to induce these Indians to send their children to school. Promises and
threats and actual force have in turn been tried, but with far from satisfactory re-
sults. I do not despair, however, of being able during the coming year to show a
marked improvement in this respect. Their children are bright and teachable, and
those who attend the school regularly show decided and most encouraging progress.
They also exhibit commendable aptitude for industrial pursuits. The boys under the
direction of the superintendent, cultivated during the summer, two acres of ground,
and raised all the sweet corn, potatoes, turnips, and other vegetables that could be
consumed in the school, besides having the care of six cows which produced some
butter and a bountiful supply of milk.
There has been considerable sickness in this tribe during the year, but I think with
less mortality than in former years. A great majority of the cases have been trivial
attacks which passed off without serious results.
NEZ PERCYS OF JOSEPH'S BAND.
These Indians are in some respects superior to those of any other tribe connected
with the agency. They are unusually bright and intelligent ; nearly one-half of them
are consistent members of the Presbyterian Church. They meet regularly for weekly
services in the school house, and so far as dress, deportment, and propriety of conduct
are concerned they could not be distinguished from an ordinary white congregation.
The entire band, with perhaps one or two exceptions, are quiet, peaceable, and orderly
people. They receive what is provided for them with apparent thankfulness, ask for
nothing more and give no trouble whatever. They are extremely anxious to return
to their own country. They regard themselves as exiles. The climate does not seem
to agree with them, many of them have died, and there is a tinge of melancholy in
their bearing and conversation that is truly pathetic. I think they should be sent
back, as it seems clear they will never take root and prosper in this locality.
The longing to return to their old homes and the unsettled feeling it naturally pro-
duces have no doubt interfered with their progress in farming and improving their
lauds. Nevertheless many of them have made very creditable progress, and have pro-
vided themselves with cozy and comfortable homes, and all seem inclined to work
more or less. They are naturally, I think, more industrious than most Indians. The
•women, especially, are bright and active and exceedingly ingenious in. way of needle
work, embroidery, &c. They manufacture a number of useful articles in a beautiful
90 REPORTS OF AGENTS IN INDIAN TERRITORY.
and tasteful manner, from the sale of which they realize a considerable income during
the year.
Their farming operations during the year have been like those of their neighbors,
rather unfortunate. Like all the others, their corn, till the end of Jane, promised
fairly, but the drought of July almost ruined the crop, and the yield will be very
small. No doubt in this, as in all the other cases, early planting and thorough culti-
vation would have done much to counteract the effect o'f the unfortunate weather, but
it was not possible to induce the Indians to give their fields anything more than the
slipshod cultivation to which they have always been accustomed. They had under
cultivation 135 acres of corn, from which they will probably harvest 675 or 680 bush-
els. They have also raised 60 or 70 bushels of potatoes, and have one or two good
patches of melons. They own 189 horses, 10 mules, and 193 head of cattle. They
were unwilling to undertake the labor of putting up hay under the impression that
they might leave the place and lose the benefit of it. By making an arrangement with
the cattle men in the vicinity to buy their hay in case they had it to sell, I have in-
duced them to go to work and they are getting up a good supply.
The day school was successfully conducted during the year. The Nez Percys seem
anxious to give their children the advantages of education and the children equally
anxious to learn. The school was well attended even in the severest weather of
winter, although some of the pupils had to come every day 2 or 3 miles. The build-
ing used for school purposes was originally built for a shop. It is a mere shell of
native lumber and extremely uncomfortable in cold weather. If these people are
to remain here permanently I would strongly recommend the erection of a suitable
building for the school, and also that it be changed into a boarding-school at least so-
far as to allow the children a midday meal.
The sanitary condition of the tribe, I think, is better than formerly. The mortality
during the year was less than in years past, and this improvement would probably con-
tinue as they become acclimated, and only the more healthy and robust were left.
All the tribes connected with this agency have within the last six or seven mouths
leased their unoccupied lands for grazing purposes, and the lands so leased have been
inclosed with substantial wire fence. The income derived from these leases of lands,
otherwise entirely unproductive, represents a substantial item in the support of the
Indians. The Poncas rereive $1,700 a year; the Pawnees, about $3,700; the Otoes,
$-2,100; and the Nez Percys, $1,000.
In all the tribes the Indians have done all the freighting of supplies required for
their several agencies, and have transacted the business in a very careful and satis-
factory inaimer, no case of loss or damage to goods through their neglect or inattention
having yet come to my knowledge.
The members of the police force on the different reservations have been, as a general
rule, quiet and exemplary in their conduct, and have promptly and efficiently dis-
charged the duties required of them.
Upon the whole, these Indians are making substantial if not rapid progress toward
civilization and self-support, and they will advance in an accelerated ratio as their
stock of knowledge and experience accumulates from year to year, each point gained
enabling them to make a still further advance till, within a shorter period of time than
now seems possible, they will become independent and self sustaining communities.
Very respectfully",
JOHN W. SCOTT,
rutted States Indian Agent.
The COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
QUAPAW AGENCY, INDIAN TERRITORY,
AugustZl, 1884.
SIR: I took charge of this agency June 7, 1884, since which time I have been en-
gaged most of the time in special work away from the agency, and I cannot, therefore,
make as full a report of the mutters here as I would be glad to do.
I have tried to familiarize myself with the needs of the people. Without mention-
ing the eight tribes under my ch;>r.je, specifically and separately, I can say that they
are very much in the same condition. They are all well advanced in civilization,
There are no " blanket" Indians here. All dress in citizen dress.
GOVERNMENT.
I think the first great need of the tribes here is law. They generally understand
that there is no law to punish one Indian for an offense against another Indian in the
Territory, and this exemption from the penalties of law has a demoralizing influence.
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN INDIAN TERRITORY. 91
The tribes are so small that they make scarcely any attempt at making and enforcing
rules of their own, either civil or criminal ; hence if an Indian commits murder, or
assault, ht feels perfectly unconcerned about all punishment by law, except the old
law of renycance. For any of these small tribes, ranging in numbers from fifty to three
hundred and fifty, to make and enforce a rule inflicting the death penalty, would be
much like a family of ten executing the death penalty on one of their number for an
infraction of the family rule. If a trespass is committed against personal property,
the same troubles arise. There is no means of enforcing compensation except perhaps
by an arbitrary rule of the agent, and his means of enforcing such a rule are quite
unsatisfactory.
These people are for the most part intelligent, well-behaved people, desiring to im-
prove and have their children grow up better than they themselves have been. In
illustration, one of the chiefs complained to me of a squaw man in his tribe (one of
the smaller tribes), alleging that he was a quarrelsome fellow and sometimes got drunk,
and that he was wanting to fight with the Indians, &c. ; that on one occasion the
squaw man had attempted to pound this chief with his fists and that the chief had
given him a good pummeling. "Now," he says, " we are not cowards and are strong
enough to combat with him, but we don't want to do it. We don't want to raise our
children that way."
My opinion is that these lands should, with proper restrictions, be allotted and the
laws extended over the country embraced within the jurisdiction of this agency.
MORALS.
The morals of the people are generally good. The great bane of civilization among
the Indians is whisky. If all intoxicants could be kept entirely away there would
be greater progress. It is a curious fact that the great majority of Indians who drink
liquor will suffer almost any punishment rather than reveal where they procured it.
Considering the absence of all law, it is surprising that there is so little crime. The
Avomen are chaste as a rule.
SCHOOLS.
There are three day schools and two industrial boarding schools. I have seen but
little of the working of these, as they have been in vacation for the past two mouths,
but I think they are fairly prosperous from what I know personally, and from the
statistics accompanying this report. The day schools are the Modoc, the Peoria, and
the Miami; the industrial are the Quapaw and the Seneca, &c.
The Quapaw has not been as fruitful in results as I wish it had. I fear the manage-
ment has not been in good hands. I esteem most of the employe's who were there
during the past year, but something is wrong. I have called the attention of Major
Ridparh, who will now succeed me, to this fact, and I make no doubt, from what I
have seen and known of him, that he will be able to bring order out of chaos in this
particular case, and I think he so much desires to serve the Indians as well as the
Government he will give his special attention to this matter.
FARMING.
Many of the Indians have good farms, and most of them engage in farming and
stock-raising to some extent. I think they are steadily gaining in thisrespect. Their
houses are mostly well kept and clean.
INCREASE.
The total number under this agency is about 1,100. There is but little increase.
The Modocs especially complain that they can raise no babies here.
EMPLOYES.
I have found the employe's and the people generally so kind and pleasant and the
deportment so generous and courteous toward me while I have been here that I have
not been anxious to be relieved. If my successor shall find it as pleasant, I shall be
happy indeed.
I submit herewith the statistics as provided in circular of July 1, 1834. .
I have the honor to remain, vour most obedient servant,
W. H. ROBB,
Special Agent in Charge.
The COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
"92 REPORTS OF AGENTS IN INDIAN TERRITORY.
SAC AND Fox AGENCY, INDIAN TERRITORY,
August 11, 1884.
SIR: In obedience to instructions dated July 1, 1884, I have the honor to herewith
transmit my first annual report of the condition of affairs at this agency. I assumed
the duties of this office on the 1st day of April last, relieving J. V. Carter, esq. My
Eredecessor having left no data of the events and changes which have occurred since
is last annual report, mine will he almost entirely from observation and experience
of three months.
I have had very little opportunity for maturing it, for the condition of affairs were
•such that my entire time has been taken up in the work of the office and looking after
the property interests of this agency. It was full seed time when I arrived here ;
scarcely a furrow plowed on either of the four farms under this charge ; 5,200 new
fence rails on the ground; all the fences needing repairs; a large amount of lumber
to be used in the erection of an addition to the Absentee Shawneo school building to
bo freighted from Red Fork, Ind. T., to Shawneetown, Ind. T. ; a car-load of flour at
Muskogee, Ind. T., to be freighted to this point, each a distance of 100 miles, over
roads almost impassable, and at a season of the year when the procuring of teams was
next to an impossibility; the Government cattle scattered over an area of 60 by 100
miles; horses and mules in desperate poor flesh, none of them fit for the service of
gathering cattle, or in condition to do a good day's plowing ; a large annuity payment
to be made to the Sacs and Foxes of the Mississippi; monthly issues to be made to the
Mexican Kickapoos, as well as to the Sac and Fox and Absentee Shawnee manual-
labor schools; the employe's of my predecessor's last quarter to be paid off", some of
whom, on account of change of agents, were restless, and, anticipating a discharge,
resigned their positions. The above, with other matters incident to all agencies, and
my short time in office, prevents me from making such a report as this agency de-
«3rves.
The Sac and Fox Agency consists of four reservations, upon which are settled le-
gally five different tribes of Indians (with a great many Indians of other tribes mixed
among them), viz, the Sacs and Foxes of the Mississippi, the lowas, the Mexican
Kickapoos, the Absentee Shawnees, and the cicizen Pottawatomies.
The population of the different tribes is about as follows:
Sacs and Foxes, as shown by last enrollment 445
lowas, as shown by last enrollment 88
Mexican Kickapoos, as shown by last enrollment 326
Absentee Shawnees, about 7*20
Citizen Pottawatomies, about 500
Other Indians (Otoes, 240 ; Black Bobs, 200 ; other tribes, 140) 580
Total ' 2,659
The agency and Sac and Fox manual-labor school buildings are located within 2|
miles of the east line of the reservation, and a few miles south of the center north and
south. The lands upon which they are located, and contiguous thereto, are almost
wholly worthless for agricultural purposes, boina: very sandy and underlaid with
sand stone, which being very near the surface, a drought of short duration spoils the
crops. With annual fertilizing early gardening will succeed fairly well; also small grains
that mature early would do moderately well for a few crops. From what information
I can gather, the efforts of the Government at this point to prove that agricultural
pursuits were profitable have been a signal failure, caused by injudicious selection
of location. The failure of crops has been as often almost as the planting season.
Tli3 Sac and F-.-X Indians are settled around the agency, on the same class of land,
and consequently their efforts at farming have been similar to those of the Govern-
ment, and as a result they are making less efforts each and every year in that direc-
tion.
The buildings of this agency are in exceedingly poor repair. The needs of a car-
penter and blacksmith shop and a dwelling-house for both the carpenter and clerk
are extremely urgent. The mill building is almost rotted down. The machinery has
not made a revolution for near two years, it being next to impossible to ever put it
in good running shape without a comparatively large expenditure of money, for the
foundation timbers upon which the machinery is bedded are out of level and out of
plumb, the machinery badly rusted, and the boiler not safe. If the mill was in good
repair, the toll from the grain tributary to it would not pay for the fuel that would
be necessary to do the grinding, not taking into account the other necessary expenses
in connection therewith.
Now, while I have urged upon these people the importance of moving on to the good
productive bottom lands on the North Fork Canadian River, which are about the
only good agricultural lands they have on the reservation, where cropping of all
kinds will prove successful, and while some are now looking for locations, I have but
little hope of getting many to settle there, on account of its remoteness from the
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN INDIAN TERRITORY. 93
agency ; but if they would consent to have the mill removed and placed at a suitable
point on the North Fork Canadian River, looking to the accommodation of their own,
people, the Mexican Kickapoos, Absentee Shawnees, Pottawatomies, Seminoles, and
Creeks, the mill could be made self-sustaining, and prove a nucleus for great good to
them. The mill would be in the center of the good agricultural lands of this agency,
and, with a cotton-gin added, it. would encourage the raising of cotton, a lucrative
crop on the bottom lands. As it is now the bread supplies for all are almost entirely
shipped in from the States and sold at high prices, while with a mill properly located
I feel most sure that the people of this agency would produce corn and wheat suffi-
cient to support them, and cotton sufficient to buy their groceries and other neces-
saries.
The reservation of the Sacs and Foxes of the Mississippi embraces about 750 square
miles. The amount of agricultural lands is very small, in my judgment not exceed-
ing 10 per cent. The remaining 90 per cent, is rolling, with a considerable quantity
of scrubby timber, mostly jack and post oak, a very large majority of which is fit for
nothing but fire- wood. This land is fairly watered and affords good summer grazing.
The winter grasses are limited, hardly sufficient to support the stock of the native
residents; consequently the death rate of their ponies and cattle last winter was ex-
ceedingly large, amounting to 35 or 40 per cent. The influx of foreign stock consumed
the winter range, and the result was that all parties lost heavily, which has dis-
couraged the live-stock interests very much.
I find the Sacs and Foxes to be a people of good native intellect generally, but,
with a few exceptions, very much wedded to their old traditions. They are an ex-
tremely cautious and suspicious people ; therefore it takes great patience to accomplish,
desired work, and the faithful fulfilling of all promises to keep their confidence. They
are very peacefully disposed. They draw large annuities, with good economy almost
sufficient to support them. With the poor quality of land they are endeavoring to
cultivate, which gives such poor results, the large annuities they draw semi-annually,
with the privilege of using their credit with the traders for six months ahead on the
strength of their next annuity payment, who wonders that they are not becoming a
more agricultural people ? These conditions would drown the energies of a majority
of the whites. There is nothing that will civilize any one as rapidly as necessity, and
the practice of licensed traders carrying the non-laboring classes on long accounts is
very detrimental, for it encourages them to be idle, it encourages them to be dis-
honest, in short it encourages them in all the evils that are bred by idleness. It
discourages those who are honest and trying to help themselves, lor they see their
neighbors enjoying themselves continuously without labor, and they are neither
naked nor hungry ; they feel confident that a per cent, is added to the goods they pur-
chase to support this idle enjoyment. The Indians who are making efforts to gain
their living by the sweat of their brow, as a rule, are looked upon with a great deal
of suspicion by many of their tribe, and I think this mainly arises from the influence
of ill-designing whites who appeal to their prejudices, thereby getting them to watch
their brother Indians while they are accomplishing their own evil ends.
On the 27th day of June last I paid to these people, as annuity, $25,231.50, being the
sum of $56.70 per capita ; to the chiefs, as chief money, $1,000, or $250 per capil a. This
large payment was anticipated by all the neighboring tribes, and they were here in
force for a general carousing time. The day before payment I called a council of
the chiefs and headmen ; asked their help in having an orderly time during payment,
and to their credit be it said that they all, without an exception, took hold with a
will, and as a result the old residents say it was the most orderly time they ever
witnessed at one of their payments.
I have been making it a point to encourage the chiefs and headmen of this tribe to
interest themselves more in the detail of their tribal business matters. 1 try to be
ready at all times to give them information in regard thereto. They have been study-
ing the nature and origin of their various funds, how they are disbursed, and what
profits as a people they are deriving from their uses. This course seems to have
awakened a new life in them, and the chiefs and headmen are more in harmony now
than they have been for years. I think by treating them as men, and not as wards,
making them feel and carry the responsibility of their own business as far as practi-
cable, will result in much good.
These people are well supplied with a good class of ponies, and a few are engaged
in raising cattle, Chief Keokuk possessing the largest herd of any of the Sacs and
Foxes.
Most of the families have small gardens, the principal products being potatoes of
both varieties (sweet and Irish), beans, and onions. Their early gardens have done
quite well. The dry weather has damaged all late gardening, as well as the corn crop.
From the best information I can gather, the Sacs and Foxes have planted about 400
acres in corn, no wheat, one piece of oats of about 80 acres, which will probably yield
20 bushels per acre. The corn crop, which is on the rolling land, is almost a total
failure from drought;. The part on the bottom lands is promising quite well; with a
94 REPORTS OF AGENTS IN INDIAN TERRITORY.
few seasonable rains will produce 15 bushels per acre. I don't think it safe to average
the present crop at over 5 bushels per acre, which will make the corn production of
this reservation about 2,000 bushels.
IOWAS.
By executive order dated August 15, 1883, the following lands were set apart for
occupancy by the Iowa and other Indians, bounded as follows, to wit". By the Sac and
Fox lands on the east, the Cirnarron River on the north, the Indian meridian on the
west, and the Deep Fork Canadian on the south, containing about' 320 square miles.
These people left their reservation in Nebraska and Kansas some five years ago, and
have undergone many privations and hardships since that time. Not being assured as
to their possessions until the issue of the order above referred to, they made very little
effort to do anything in the way of agricultural pursuits, but since that time their
efforts are commendable. They have planted this year from 2 to 8 acres of corn to
each family, in all probably 80 acres, which will yield about 15 bushels per acre,
making 1,200 bushels. Besides, they all have gardens of potatoes, beans, and onions.
They own neither cattle, hogs, nor poultry, but possess from 3 to 5 head of ponies per
family. They are scantily supplied with agricultural implements.
They are very desirous that their lands in Nebraska and Kansas be sold and the
proceeds of the sale thereof be placed in charge of the United States Treasury on in-
terest, the interest to be paid to them as annuity yearly, except so much as would be
necessary to build them a school-house, lit it out for school purposes, and maintain a
school; also enough to build them a blacksmith and carpentershop and maintain the
same. They are bitterly opposed to allotting any of their lauds in Nebraska to their
iialf-breeds. In support of such opposition they cite the fact that these half-breeds
once received lands by allotment and squandered them, and were taken back into
the tribe, and another allotment, they claim, will be a repetition of the above, They
are very anxious to have all their people settle with them.
There are about 240 Otoes settled among the lowas, and they seem determined to
stay. There are also some Black Bobs and Absentee Shawnees settled among them,
who have some very good improvements, and are making their entire support by farm-
ing, stock-raising, and freighting.
Sometime previous to my taking charge of this agency the lowas entered into a
contract of lease for cattle-grazing with Messrs. C. C. Pickett, a licensed-trader at this
point, and E. B. Towusend, late United States special Indian agent, a copy of which
lease is on file in this office.
MEXICAN KICKAPOOS.
The Mexican Kickapoos now on their reservation number 326 souls, and are located
on a reservation set apart for them by executive order dated August 15, 18S3, which
is bounded as follows: By the Deep Fork Canadian River on the north, the Sac and
Fox lands on the east, the North Fork Canadian River on the south, and by the Indian
meridian on the west, containing about 290 square miles.
The Mexican Kickapoo tribe of Indians is composed of the Kickapoos and Potta-
watomies who left their reservation in Kansas during the late civil war and went to
Mexico, from which fact their name. Their experiences have been varied. They are
the most crafty Indians in this agency, and are very shrewd traders. These Indians
are receiving a limited issue of rations, consisting of the following articles for the fiscal
year ending June 30, 1835: Beef, gross, 30,000 pounds; coffee, 2,000 pounds; flour,
25,000 pounds ; sugar, 3,500 pounds ; and soap, 1,500 pounds.
The.y have given considerable time this year to their gardens and corn crop. Their
early garden, consisting of potatoes, beans, and onions, was good. Their corn is mostly
on bottom land, and promises a yield of about 10 bushels per acre. They have in cul-
tivation about 500 acres, and will probably realize 5,000 bushels. Some of these In-
dians are in favor of receiving agricultural implements from the Government in lieu
of rations, but a majority seem to be opposed to such a change. Could it be success-
fully made it would prove beneficial for them. Among these people are also settled
some of the Absentee Shawnees and Black Bob Shawnees. The Mexican Kickapoos
are well supplied with ponies and partially supplied with agricultural implements.
At Kickapoo Station there is a flimsy-built frame school-house, an old dilapidated
log blacksmith shop, and two old log cabins that are used by the blacksmith and
farmer. Last spring these Indians had the misfortune to lose some of their fencing
by fire, and it was so late in the season that they did not have time to rebuild them.
They seemed desirous to plant corn, so we rented to them the land, about 40 acres,
that the Government farmer had been cultivating heretofore.
They are very strenuously opposed to school. Some of them say they are willing to
.adopt the white man's ways as far as work is concerned, " but school no good."
If the present system of issuing rations to them could be modified so as to issue ra-
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN INDIAN TERRITORY. 95
tions to the old women who are heads of families, for themselves and members of
their families who are too small to labor, and to the aged men in the tribe, and issue
implements to those who are able to labor, I doubt not but it would be of material
help in advancing them greatly in bettering their present condition, and such a
course, I think, would be cheerfully approved by all of them except the drones, and
such a course would force the indolent ones to become self-sustaining.
ABSENTEE SHAWNEES.
The Absentee Shawuees are living on the same reservation with the Pottawatomies,
with the exception of those who left some years ago and settled on the reservations
now occupied by the lowas and Mexican Kickapoos, where they have opened up small
farms and are doing moderately well. There are about 720 Absentee Shawnees under
the charge of this agency, who are entitled to homes on the 30- mile-square tract of
land, as described, upon which the Pottawatomies are now living. They take their
name from the fact of having separated from the Shawnee tribe of Indians long years
ago, and never rejoining them. It is a strong desire with them to live alone ; conse-
quently the opposition to allotting on the same reservation with the Pottawato-
mies, urging that they had settled on these lands long before the Pottawatomies, and
that the laud by right is theirs. The entertaining of the idea by some of the Govern-
ment officials with whom they have had business relations that a dividing line could
be had, by an order from the Indian Department, separating them and the Pottawato-
mies, has had deleterious effects, not only as to allotments but in 'agricultural pur-
suits.
The act of May 23, 1872, which makes provisions for homes for them by allotment
requires pure or mixed Absentee Shawnee blood before they can acquire the benefits
of said act, and from this fact arises largely the opposition to allotment, for among
them are Indians of various tribes who cannot receive allotted homes, whereas if
the land is held in common they pass for Absentee Shawnees, with all their rights and
privileges. This foreign element contains some of the best talent among them, and
it is used in keeping up dissatisfaction, cultivating continuously the old Indian ways.
Some of the Absentee Shawnees will take their allotments so soon as they have an op-
portunity.
These people are engaged in raising hogs, ponies, and cattle, and are the most ex-
tensive agriculturists in this agency. Besides their gardening they will average about
8 acres of corn to the family, which will yield near 9,000 bushels.
POTTAWATOMIES.
•
The Pottawatomie Citizen baud and Absentee Shawnee Indians of this agency
are largely settled on a 30-mile-square tract of land lying next west of the Serainole
Reservation, Indian Territory, and between the North and South Canadian Rivers.
The agricultural lands of this reservation are on the above-named rivers, also on Lit-
tle River, which crosses said reservation in an east and west course near its center;
probably 10 per cent, of good, productive land, the remainder being good for summer
grazing. The Pottawatomies number about 500 souls. They receive no assistance
from the Government whatever in the way of annuities or rations. They are en-
gaged in farming and stock-raising on a small scale. From the best information
I can gather, they have planted, on an average, about 5 acres of corn to the family,
which will probably yield about 10 bushels per acre, making a total yield of about
5,000 bushels. They have small gardens, which have done moderately well.
They are not making the progress that is naturally expected of them for the past
advantages they have had, but I think this is owing largely to the laud troubles
which have been and are existing between them and the Absentee Shawnees, both
parties claiming priority of rights. The wrong impression given by some Govern-
ment officials relative to a dividing line between the Pottawatomies and Absentee
Shawnees, more particularly referred to in the remarks concerning the latter Indians,
has also had a detrimental effect upon these people. The Pottawatomies are, to
a certain extent, nursing the idea that if they can succeed in securing certain moneys
which they claim are due from the Government they can purchase the entire tract,
and thereby rid themselves of the Absentee Shawnees. However, some of thein seem
anxious to take their allotments, in compliance with the law of May 23, 1872, " An
act to provide homes for the Pottawatomies and Absentee Shawnee Indians in the
Indian Territory;" still, there is a speculative element among them who do not seem
to desire the allotting of lands consummated.
There is at this writing no school among them, and no provisions for one in the fu-
ture, that I know of; but when the addition to the Absentee Shawnee school building
is completed, lumber for which is now on the ground, I think there will be room to
accommodate some of them, and the arrangements should be made to that end.
96 REPORTS OF AGENTS IN INDIAN TERRITORY.
SCHOOLS AND SCHOOL BUILDINGS.
There'are three school-houses in this agency, built, I suppose, by the Government,
The school-house, a frame building at Kickapoo Station — and a very flimsy affair it is —
is not now being used for any other purpose than a general storage room and the
place from \vhich monthly issues of rations are made. The Mexican Kickapoos are
very adverse to schools.
The school at Sliawneetown, under tho charge of Thomas W. Alford, an Absentee
Shawnee, is doing as well as could be expected considering the unsettled state of af-
fairs existing among its patrons. The present school building presents the appear-
ance of having been built mainly with a view to profit. The lumber to bo used in
e recting an addition to this building, 36 by 100 feet, two stories, is now on the
ground. When erected, with the necessary repairs on the present building, it will be
a commodious structure, and of capacity sufficient to meet each and every want for
some time.
The school-house and the building used for boarding and sleeping apartments,,
known as the Sac and Fox manual labor school, accommodates about 40 pupils rea-
sonably well. These buildings are built of brick. The boarding house has some
frame additions to it, which seem to be on their last legs, being only a question of a
few years when they will fall from decay. These additions are irreparable and almost
uninhabitable. A very beneficial outlay of money could be made in connection with
this property. The school has been successfully conducted during the past year.
AGENCY HORSES AND MULES.
The horses and mules in use here for agency farming and other general work are
almost useless, none of them being under ten and some of them from twenty to twenty-
five years old. The mules were used in moving these people from Kansas to this
point, and I am info mud were about nine years old at that time. The only horse
stock that can perform a good day's service are two ponies I purchased for cattle pur-
poses.
AGENCY CATTLE.
We have under our care three herd of cattle. The total number receipted for by me
was 261 head, of which 90 head belong to the Sac and Fox manual labor school, 81
head to the Absentee Shawnee manual labor school, and 90 head to the Mexican Kick-
apoos. This interest is a material one, but has been sadly neglected on account of
insufficiency of help. If half the expenditure had have been had in guarding the
cattle interest that has been had on the farms, which have been largely without re-
ward, the result would be astonishing.
While on this point I have the honor to call your attention to certain practices in
connection with the cattle interests here, which are very discouraging to the Indians,
and which cause a financial loss to the Government. Cattlemen gather in here in the
spring and summer months, generally coming in numbers ranging from 25 to 100, for
the purpose of gathering their stock. They round-up all the cattle in a certain
boundary at a certain time and place. The residents are requested to cut out their
branded stock. All uubranded and unmarked stock is then driven off, and if there
should be any branded or marked stock the owner of which is not present or repre-
sented by some neighbor or friend, it, too, is driven away, thereby causing great trouble
and expense in finding them, if ever found. They come at will, go at will, and do
as they please, there being no law to intimidate them, no force for local protection.
Armed generally with two 45-caliber revolvers and a Winchester, they are " nionarchs
of all they survey," and a dispute is studiously avoided by the natives. I have gath-
ered cattle that belong to this agency at a distance of 75 miles, which there can be
no doubt were driven off from round-ups had on or near this range. I have, with
my meager help and the assistance rendered by the native cattlemen, gathered 20
head of cattle which were lost and haven't appeared upon the property roll for some-
time past, and if I had sufficient help I feel almost sure I could return from 20 to 30
head more to the roll. These losses occur by cattle being driven off from round-ups,
the agent not having a sufficient force of men or horses to attend the various cattle
gatherings or to go after the cattle when once driven away, and they as well as their
increase are lost to the Government. Another source of loss: large herds of cattle
are driven through this agency, and any cattle that fall in with them unnoticed are
driven out. Some good practical and stringent regulations on this point would prove
highly satisfactory to these people as well as profitable to the Government. We
have found some cattle with the marks and brands changed which had passed through
several hands.
The cattle losses here by death were very heavy last winter, but more especially
from the Kickapoo herd, which doubtless occurred from an addition to that herd late
n the season, they not having time to become familiar with the range before the win-
i
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN INDIAN TERRITORY. 97
ter season set in ; for this reason the earlier beef or stock cattle which are purchased
for the schools or the Indians can be delivered in the grass season the better.
INDIAN POLICE.
We have no Indian police force. Irregularities that most need correcting are the
acts of a class of men who are a terror to Indians. Minor offenses, such as a police
would tackle, can be managed without their assistance.
FREIGHTING.
During the last year there has been freighted to this agency by the Indians for the
Government 359,286 pounds, all of which has been transported TOO miles, at the rate
of $1 per hundred per 100 miles. It is an extremely difficult matter to get our freight-
ing done, for in the first place there is only one man in the Sac and Fox tribes who
will freight; in the second place those who will freight are the Absentee Shawnees
and Pottawatomies, and it is from 35 to 50 miles from their homes to this point, mak-
ing a drive of from 70 to 100 miles for which they receive no compensation, but are
out the time it takes to drive that distance, besides the expense of their own board
and forage; and in the third place, private parties pay higher rates for freighting
than the Government.
The water- courses which cross this agency from west to east have been a source ef
great delays, some of which have been unfordable for several mouths at a time, and
in that condition several times during the year, especially the North Fork Canadian,
which I can safely say has not been fordable four months altogether during the past
year.
GAMBLING
has grown to a mania among the Indians of this agency, the women at times "taking
a hand." About the time annuity payments are to be made, you see the gamblers
commence gathering from the neighboring tribes, and some come from the States.
Some white men who are married to Indian women are leaders in this vice. They
seem to fully understand that an agent is powerless to stop them from gambling, con-
sequently any and all official notices to prevent gambling and other vices are ridi-
culed by them.
The disreputable class of white men who are allowed to reside in this country on
account of having married among the Indians, and the associates whom they keep
arouud them, do more real harm against civilization and Christianity in one year
than all the Christian ministers in America can counteract in ten years. Still this
class of men goes and comes at will, while the law-abiding white man, whose example
would be profitable, is kept out entirely because of his respect for the laws of his"
country. A good scouring with United States soldiers would be very beneficial.
COURT OF INDIAN OFFENSES.
There has been no Indian court of any kind established here, and they all seem ad-
verse to any and all moves of that character. An act of Congress fixing fines and
penalties for various crimes and offenses committed by one Indian upon the person
or property* of another, triable in the United States Federal court, would settle a
great amount of crime, also the addition of penalties to the law prohibiting white
citizens from residing in this Territory, would greatly assist in getting the Indians
on a better footing every way.
MISSIONARY WORK.
Under this head, as my report, I submit the reports of Revs. Hurr and Elliott, to
wit:
SAC AND Fox AGENCY, INDIAN TERRITORY,
August 6, 1884.
SIP.: In reviewing our missionary work among these Indiana for the past three years, in spite of the
obstacles to be contended with, and almost every description of immorality, I am not at all discouraged,
but will continue in this work if the Lord permits, cherishing the hope that at last the gospel of Christ
may conquer the hearts of our Indians in this agency, ami change their lives and customs. This change
is their only hope of ever bettering their condition either in this life or the one beyond.
There has been a ereat change since last year among the chiefs, or since Agent Taylor took charge
of this agency. They are more united than I ever knew them to be before. When I first came here,
three years ago, the chiefs were greatly divided in their political aft'airs. "We give great credit to our
agent In bringing these Indians together.
Chief Keoknk is the only chief who has adopted fully Christianity and civilization. He has been a
great help to Christian work and in advancing his people in civilization. He deserves sympathy and
a great credit and much encouragement, and I am glad to say that the Indians are more free to express
themselves to each other for their future welfare. The expression of their sentiment in regard to their
progress is still better than what it was last year. I do strongly believe that it will not be long till
these Indians will fully adopt civilization and their school be filled with Sac and Fox children.
I remain, yours,
WILLIAM HURR,
Indian Missionary far the Sac and Fox Indians.
I. A. TAYLOR,
United States Indian Agent.
4266 IND 7
98 REPORTS OF AGENTS IN INDIAN TERRITORY.
SHAWNEETOWN, INDIAN TERRITORY,
August 1, 1884.
Maj. I. A. TAYLOR,
United States Indian Agent,
Sac and Fox Agency, Indian Territory :
SIR : I gladly comply with your request to forward you a report of our missionary work the past year.
Our efforts have been given to the Shawnees, Pottawatomies, and Kickapoos. My personal labors
have been with the two former, and the work with the latter tribe has been done by a missionary
helper. I held religious services at Wagoza twice a month until last April when the permanent set-
tlers had left their homes to transient ones or to none at all, and the Government school was discontinued.
At this place services have been held. in the Government school building, until this summer they have
been held in the grove, and conducted in my absence by a colored Baptist exhorter, or by some mem-
ber of our church.
The Pottawatomies hear the gospel very readily ; the Shawnees are very backward, but few attend-
ing meetings for religious services, and the Kickapoos, though bitterly opposed to civilization and
Christianity, offer less opposition than formerly, and I think that well-directed and energetic work
promises as favorable results among them as any tribe for whom no more has been done.
Preaching services are usually well attended. Two Shawnees, two Pottawatomies, two colored,
three Ottawas, and three whites were added to the church, making in all twelve new members. We
now have a regular church organization, and are ready to build a meeting-house at this place as soon
as we can have a title to land for missionary purposes.
The results for the year have not been as good as we should like, but it is impossible to make much
progress where the Indians are as unsettled as ours have been for more than a year past. I think
prospects are growing better, but we cannot hope to bring these people up to a high state of civiliza-
tion or of Christianity while they are held on reservations and treated as a distinct people. They
would progress much farther and more rapidly if they were given all that belongs to them, required
to take their lands in severalty, and then left to their own resources. This course would arouse their
dormant faculties and make them strong by exercising them.
Respectfully,
FRANKLIN ELLIOTT.
CONCLUSION.
To better the condition of these Indians is a question of considerable time, re-
quiring unbounded patience, intelligent management, the faithful keeping of all
promises, and in all strifes of every description, positive and unequivocal action by
the Government, never making an assertion or giving an instruction, that is not fully
and promptly executed.
The insufficiency of the salaries connected with the Indian service in many instan-
ces, must work great injury to the service, for the talent obtainable at times «s in-
ferior to that of the people whom they are expected to advance, but I am pleased to
say that the present corps of employes at this agency are efficient in their various
positions and working with a will.
My Indian employe's are doing remarkably well. Too much credit cannot be given
the Rev. William Hurr, missionary and United States interpreter, for his zealous
labors in trying to advance his race to a higher standing; the same can be truthfully
said of Thomas W. Alford, principal teacher at Shawneetown.
Very respectfully,
ISAAC A. TAYLOR,
United States Indian Agent.
The COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
UNION AGENCY, INDIAN TERRITORY.
Muskogee, August 29, 1884.
SIR: Incompliance with instructions received, I have the honor to submit, here-
with, my annual report of the condition of affairs at this agency, for the year ending
August 31, 1884.
The Cherokees, Choctaws, Chickasaws, Creeks and Sem moles, composing this
agency, it is estimated number about 65,000, including white and colored adopted
citizens. The number of full- blood Indians is decreasing, while the increased num-
ber of mixed-bloods, and the adopted white and colored citizens make the population
about the same from year to year.
The number of whites is increasing. The cause of this increase is, that the work
done in the country is by whites and not by Indians. The mixed-bloods will work
some, but the full-bloods hardly ever. Under the laws of the country a citizen is en-
titled to all the laud he may have improved. An arrangement is easily made with a
white man who will make a farm for an Indian and give him a portion of the crop
^for the use of his name, and after a few years give him possession of the farm. Thus
it is that more farms mean more white men. The number of whites within this
agency who are laborers for Indians, employe's of railroad companies, licensed traders,
jjieasure seekers, travelers and intruders, must be about 35,000, or half the number
ui Indians.
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN INDIAN TERRITORY. 99
INTRUDERS.
The number of intruders is increasing rapidly, and there being practically no law
to punish for intrusion, it is only a question of time when they will control the coun-
try. The removal of intruders by the troops is a farce of the first water. When com-
plaint is made by the Indian authorities of the presence of intruders, the military is
called upon at once to remove the intruders beyond the limits of this agency. The
troops go to the locality, and if the intruder has not stepped into the woods and out
of sight for a day or two, they arrest and escort him to the State line, and turn him
IOOSP. The intruder takes one or two breaths of State air, and returns to the Terri-
tory and the place from whence the troops took him.
PAYNE.
E. L. Payne, and his followers, to the number of about 800, made their regular
semi-annual settlement on the lands not occupied by the tribes, known as Oklahoma,
and the Cherokee "Strip," in the northwestern part of the Territory. I called on the
military to remove them. The town of Rock Falls consisted of a few rough plank
houses and some tents; it was destroyed, and the boomers removed across the State
line of Kansas. Payne and a few of the leaders who had been removed several times
before, were taken to Fort Smith, Ark., to be turned over to the United States author-
ities for trial. Here again the question of jurisdiction comes up, and at this writing
it is not determined whether he should be tried at Fort Smith, Ark., Fort Scott, Kans.,
Wichita, Kans., or Graham, Tex. It makes little difference where they are tried, the
result will be they will be fined $1,000 each, and will inform the court that they are
dead broke. The court can only turn them loose as it had done before. Payne and
his crowd will be intruding again on the same land within six months. Until a law
shall be enacted to punish by imprisonment for return to the reservation, after hav-
ing been removed, it will be a physical impossibility to comply with the treaties to
"remove and keep out all intruders" from an agency half as large as the State of
New York, with a population of 100,000.
CRIMES.
Congress having failed to enact laws making it a crime to steal coal and timber
from the reservation of the five civilized tribes, large quantities are removed by cit-
izens of adjoining States, for which they pay nothing. This creates ill feeling among
the Indians toward the whites, resulting in some shooting affairs. Whisky is the
cause of three-fourths of the murders in the Territory, and as the number of intruders
and bad characters increase from year to year, the supply of bad whisky is more
plentiful. It conies into the Territory from all directions," by wagons, pack-horses,
railroads, and express, and in all shapes and quantities. The profit in the traffic i»
so enormous that parties will take all chances. The Indian police and marshals do
all that can be done, and arrest hundreds, who are sent to the penitentiary, but the
country is so large and so much of it unoccupied that the whisky peddlers have
ample opportunity to escape. Matters will not improve until the number of marshals
is increased, and appropriation made to pay a large police force of good men to be on
duty all the time.
CREEK MATTER.
In the contested election case in the Creek Nation, the decision by the Department
that Perryman was elected chief, seems to have settled the disturbance, and is ac-
quiesced in by all parties. The state of affairs is such, and those in power in the nation
so utterly helpless, that a few designing men can inaugurate a rebellion on short
notice.
INDIAN POLICE.
There is at this agency an Indian police force of forty men and three officers. This
force is no longer an experiment, and is approved by the best men of the several
nations, and is regarded as a great contribution to the expense of maintaining order
in the country, where about one-third of the people are citizens of the United States,
over whom the courts of the nations can exercise no jurisdiction.
CITIZENSHIP.
The question of citizenship in these nations that has for a long time been before the
Department, as to whether the Indian nations or the Department, shall determine
who are entitled to citizenship in these nations, is one of great importance. A de-
cision cannot be made too soon, and the unsettled condition of this matter is a
source of annovance both to the nations and the claimants.
100 REPORT OP AGENT IN IOWA.
STOCK AND CROPS.
It is estimated that during the last winter, which was severe, not less than 15 per
cent, of the stock died from exposure. No feed is provided, nor care taken of cattle.
The crops of corn, wheat, oats, cotton, and pecans promise an abundant yield.
SCHOOLS.
Each of these nations has a public-school system similar to those of the States, and
holds teachers' institutes at its capital annually. The settlements are so far apart
that schools can be established only at neighborhoods where ten or more scholars can
be got together. The neighborhood builds the house, and the nation furnishes teach-
ers and books. Most of the teachers are educated Indians who teach the English only,
in their schools. In addition to the neighborhood schools each nation has academies
and seminaries, boarding schools for their children only. The Cherokees have two
fine seminaries that have been in successful operation for many years. They are
managed and operated by Cherokees. The Choctaws have three large academies, one
under the management of the Methodist Church South, and the other two by the
Presbyterian Missionary Board. The Chickasaws have four academies conducted by
contractors who are citizens of the Chickasaw Nation. The Semiuoles have two, one
under the management of the Methodist Church South, the other by the Presbyterian
Missionary Board, the nation paying the managers about $80 per annum for each
pupil boarded, clothed, and educated. The Creeks have four seminaries under the
management of the following religious societies : The Methodist Church South, South-
ern Baptist, Presbyterian, and Baptist Home Missionary Societies, the latter for Creek
freedmen.
In addition to the above there are subscription schools. These are schools estab-
lished by private enterprise and students paying tuition, except in cases where indi-
viduals or societies in the State pay tuition for certain students. These schools
receive no support from the nations. Worcester Academy, at Vinita, under the super-
vision of the Congregational Society, erected two years ago by funds subscribed by
citizens of the Cherokee Nation, is one of the best in the Territory, and has an average
of about 100 students. Harrell Institute, at Muskogee, managed by the Methodist
Church South, has about 140 students, and has an progress of erection a fine academy
building. Indian University, at Tahleqnah, managed by the Baptist Home Missionary
Society, is a flourishing school. It will be removed to 'Muskogee as soon as buildings
now iu course of erection are completed. The schools managed by religious societies,
either as pay schools or under contract with the nations, are generally the most suc-
cessful.
RECOMMENDATIONS .
I respectfully recommend that proper steps be taken to secure passage of laws pro-
viding for imprisonment of intruders who return after being removed ; for punishment
for stealing coal and timber from the reservations; for establishing a United States
court within the Territory, as the treaty provides ; for increasing the pay of the
police, and for payment of 'the principal to the Indians who receive per capita pay-
ments.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
JNO. Q. TUFTS,
United States Indian Agent.
The COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
SAC AND Fox AGENCY,
Tama County, Iowa, August 29, 1884.
SIR: I have the honor to submit my sixth annual report of the condition and prog-
ress of the Indians under my charge.
The Fox or Musquakie tribe of Indians, according to the census just made, number
in all 365 persons, and are located in Tarna County, Iowa, where they own 1,340 acres
of land held in trust for them by the governor of the State of Iowa. Individual In-
dians also own 85 acres in their own right. This tract of land is about one- third
timber, and the balance good grazing and farming land, though subject to overflow
iu time of high water.
It is also fenced with wire and boards, and about 235 acres are under cultivation this
year. The estimated yield of the crops will be, of corn, 5,000 bushels ; potatoes, 1,000
bushels; beans, 800 bushels; turnips, 100 bushels; also of pumpkins, squash, melons,
and other vegetables about 100 wagon-loads. This will furnish the tribe all the food
REPORT OF AGKNT IN KANSAS. 101
they need. The Indians have worked very well this season ; they have done a good
deal of plowing, and while a few years since it was a rare thing to see them at work,
it is now no unusual sight to see several working together in one field. They have
a'so made over 500 rods of wire fence, have built one good frame and several bark
houses. The horses and other personal property are valued at about $20,000. With
the sale of furs and horses, together with their annuities, they are well clothed, and
as their crops furnish them with abundance of food they are content and happy.
The conduct of this tribe during the p. .en year has been exceedingly good. They
are a quiet and law-abiding people, and live in harmony with themselves and with
their white neighbors, and there has been but little drinking among them for some time
past.
These Indians have made considerable progress, both in e lucation and civilization,
during the past year. A large number can understand and speak English, and nearly
all of them both read and write in their own language, while there is a much better
feeling manifested in regard to sending their children to school than formerly. The
agency industrial day school, under charge of Miss Allie B. Busby, has been gradu-
ally growing larger, and many obstacles in the way of its success have been overcome.
The women and girls are taught to cut out and make their own garments, some of
whom display a good deal of proficiency in this respect, while many of the children
evince a good deal of interest in learning. The school is well managed, and as Miss
Busby is much liked by the Indians, time alone is needed for her to make the educat-
ing of the children of this tribe a grand success.
Since my last report the health of these Indians has been very good. I have to re-
port only three deaths of grown persons, one of apoplexy, one of old age, and one of
consumption. Two children have also died and ten have been born during the year.
For honesty and truthfulness our Indians stand above the average white man with
the merchants with whom they deal. They give no trouble to the State, and none what-
ever to the General Government, while I, as their agent and friend, cannot refrain
from praising their good conduct, which is so desirable.
I respectfully inclose herewith the statistical information called for.
Very respectfully,
GEO. L. DAVENPORT,
United States Indian Agent.
The COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
POTTAWATOMIE AND GREAT NEMAHA AGENCY,
September 10, 1884.
SIR: In compliance with the requirements of the Department, I have to submit this
Hiy sixth annual report as Indian agent at Pottawatomie and Great Nemaha Agency.
The following table will acquaint you with the number of Indians at this agency •-
Pottawatomies 432
Kickapoos 243
lowas 134
Sac and Fox of Missouri 92
Chippewas and Christians 66
Total 967
It is a rather tiresome task to represent the affairs at this agency again, having
rendered five lengthy annual reports prior to this, which have, I believe, represented
the characters, location, attained civilization, &c., of the Indians of this agency, and
as there cannot be a very great change or advancement in one year at an agency
which has been quietly settled for a number of years, there is therefore but little to
report.
The past year has been fairly prosperous for the Indians ; they have attained an ad-
vanced sta^e of civilization and industry compared with their previous life. They
are industrious and energetic and give evidence of a true desire to engage in some em-
ployment that is sufficiently remunerative to aid in their support. There can be no
doubt whatever that their advancement is of a substantial character, and a portion
of them will become a self-sustaining people in time. There are many Indians at this
agency now who are more than self-sustaining, and a number that are considered
rich.
They have increased their herds of cattle gradually until some individuals have
quite respectable numbers, and are as careful of them as the average white man.
There was issued to the Pottawatomie Indians, to the supporters of their school, from
the Pottawatomie school herd last season twenty-nine head of cattle. The Indians were
very much pleased with the cattle, particularly as they were donated to them from
102 REPORT OF AGENT IN KANSAS.
their school. The statistics attached show a large increase in the number of cattla over
last year's for Pottawatomie Indians. This feature should be as strongly encouraged
as possible, as they, also the Kickapoos and lowas and Fox Indiaus, have resources for
cattle-raising that cannot be surpassed.
These Indians have a great many ponies, particularly the Pottawatomies, who
shipped the past year six car-loads, receiving therefor double compensation, for their
expense and trouble in raising them.
The Pottawatomie Indians have a fine tract of laud of 77,35? acres ; they have more
land than they require for their use from the fact that a portion of this band number-
ing about 280 persons reside in Wisconsin and Iowa. These Indians therefore leased
to T. J. Anderson Company last March a tract for grazing purposes, comprised of the
northeast corner of the reserve, containing about 20,000 acres, for a period of ten years,
to receive a rental of $3,000 per annum, to be paid them semi-aunually as per capita.
The Kickapoos and Pottawatomies particularly are entirely satisfied with their pre-
sent location, and declare an intention to establish permanent homes, but the lowas
and Sac and Fox of the Missouri Indiaus have agitated for two years and over the
subject of removal to the Indian Territory; also th^ Chippewa and Christian Indiaus
have for the past year discussed the same subject. It would, I think, be an advantage
to the Chippewa and Christiau tribe to remove to the Indian Territory. They are
very quarrelsome and dissipated. Living in a thickly settled country, they are con-
stantly in contact with a class of people that is to their disadvantage. They hold
their lauds by allotment, and many complications are arising out of land sales made
v by them, which in many cases require investigations, and there is generally a great
amount of annoyances connected therewith.
This uusettleduess with the tribes above mentioned in regard to removal has to
some extent impeded their progress in agriculture; but they have attended to their
farming with surprising interest. The lowas have broken more prairie, and the Sac
and Fox of Missouri have done more fencing, making pastures, than in any one season
before. The Iowa Indians, with the exception of the use of intoxicating drink, are
unusually thriving, energetic, industrious Indians, all living in houses, many having
50 to 250 acres under cultivation, no patches cultivated by that tribe; they seem to
me to be competent to take care of their own affairs. The Sac and Fox of Missouri In-
dians are not so far advanced as the lowas, having smaller farms, poorer houses, and
showing less energy.
The night following the semi-annual payment made June 27, 1884, to Sac and Fox
of Missouri tribe, their bead chiefj Ko-sho-way, was murdered and his body thrown
into the Nernaha River. I have succeeded in arresting the parties who were impli-
cated in the crime, and hope to punish them in accordance with the law.
RELIGIOUS DANCES.
There has been introduced into the Pottawatomie tribe in the past year a system
of worship which consists principally of dancing and exulting, though, like all semi-
civilized nations, clouded in superstition. Apart from the superstition and consump-
tion of time spent in those dances the moral tendency is very good, as the teaching is
in accordance with the Ten Commandments. They object to sacrament by use of in-
t >xicating drink, and denounce gambling and horse-racing. This religion was intro-
duced by the Chippewas of Wisconsin.
EDUCATION.
We have three industrial boarding-schools in operation. Education should be
compulsory. Many Indians are too indifferent to the interests of their children to
send them to school. Industries ahould be made the strong features of these schools.
The Pottawatomie and Great Nemaha school closed June 30, for two months' vacation,
opening the 1st of September. The progress made the past year has been very satis-
factory, but the attendance has not comprised all the pupils that should attend school.
The Iowa and Sac and Fox of Missouri school was supported by all or nearly all the
pupils of school age, but the Pottawatomie school had in attendance about one-half of
the pupils of the Pottawatomie tribe of school age. The principal reason was that the
boarding-house at the school will not accommodate over 35 pupils, while the school
should have an attendance of about 70 pupils, though if the accommodations had been
sufficient the attendance could not have been brought to the number that ought to
be at school except by compulsion with about one-third. The Kickapoo Indians have
about 50 pupils of school age, which is more than double the attendance. The board-
ing house at that school will accommodate about 30 pupils, which is more than the at-
tendance was the past year. Except in regard to number, the schools have been a
success; the pupils have been taught successfully all the branches necessary to make
them intelligent and prosperous citizens.
Verv respctfully,
H. C. LINN,
Indian Ayent.
The COMMISSIONER OF* I NTH AN AFFAIRS.
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN MICHIGAN AND MINNESOTA. 103
MACKINAC AGENCY, MICHIGAN,
Ypsilanti, September 9, 1884.
SIR: I have the honor herewith to submit my annual report.
During the year I have repaired seven school-houses, and established three new
schools, viz: at Munising and Iroqnois Point, on Lake Superior, and at Hannahville,
in Menomiiiee County. There should be two or three others but for want of Govern-
ment buildings, and I have not deemed it best to ask for them. There are now eleven
schools in the agency, and the percentage of attendance shows a good increase upon
that of 1883.
The Indians are engaged in farming, fishing, lumbering, and miscellaneous work.
The severe weather of the early spring cut off some crops, so that while more acres
have been cultivated, yet the net results in crops are not MO large as in the preceding
year.
1 have by every means induced the Indians to go upon lands, and many have done
so, but more should. The Indian is a good farmer in a small way only, but the set-
tlement of white farmers around him has been a help by way of example. Fishing
has been very poor, and those who have followed that work have obtained a preca-
rious support. Such I have strongly urged to go upon laud, but their love of water
is such that they will not give up their fishing.
In all the schools I have religious teachers who make the moral advancement of
the children a special work by my directions. This instruction is general and not
sectarian, and in most of the settlements the work of the teachers constitutes all the
religious care these people have. They are isolated and too poor to pay anything
either for schools or preaching.
No epidemic has been among them, and the bane of the Indians, drunkenness, has
largely decreased, especially among the Lake Superior Indians.
I have during the year steadily impressed upon the minds of the Indians the fact
that the land, money', tools, &c., supplied them by the Government are not gratuities,
but given in accordance with treaties which will soon be fulfilled, when they must
depend upon themselves. Its effect has been to stimulate many, especially the young,
to get laud and prevent those owning land from parting with it for a trifle, as has
been the case in former years. I counted it very important that they should well un-
derstand this and shall continue to urge it.
I have allotted several thousand acres of land during the year, and there are thoua-
auds of acres yet to be given when parties shall have arrived at the proper age.
The objects kept in view this year were to encourage individual industry, especially
by raking laud, make the schools more efficient, the attendance larger, and generally
to teach these Indians to care for themselves and get houses and homes for their chil-
dren. I have succeeded partially, and hope for beiter results iu the same direction.
Very respectfully,
EDWARD P. ALLEN,
Indian Agent.
The COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
WHITE EARTH, MINN., September, 1, 1884.
SIR: In compliance with instructions contained in office circular of July 1, 1884,
I have the honor to submit this my third annual report of affairs at this agency.
The White Earth Reservation is 36 miles square; the west one-third is prairie in-
terspersed with numerous lakes and groves of oak and poplar. The remainder is a
deuse wilderness of almost every variety of hard wood and pine. Probably no more
beautiful country can be found in the northwest.
There are located in this reserve about 1,800 Chippewa Indians, divided into the
Mississippi, Otter Tail, and Pembina bauds. These Indians have made rapid advance-
ment iu civilization, and the time is not far distant when they will be self-supporting.
As game and fish are becoming scarce and the support of the Government diminishing
every year, they are fast realizing the necessity of cultivating their lands and relying
upon themselves. The industrious white men whose farms adjoin the reservation,
and with whom they come in contact frequently, have also inspired them with a desire
to become good farmers
While it is evident that all the Indians are making steady advancement towards
civilization, it is to the young we must look for permanent improvement, and through
the schools the greatest benefit can be accomplished. The new school-building is now
ready for occupancy and will accommodate 145 pupils. While the building itself is
almost complete in its arrangements, it needs yet the verandas, which can be used
for fire-escapes, and cisterns. But the lack of outside buildings will be much felt the
coming winter.
104 REPORT OF AGENT IN MINNESOTA.
How shall we use to the best advantage our old school-building ? It is large and
commodious, and I would recommend its use for the teaching of different branches of
industry, as carpenters, shoe makers, &c., if funds could be secured for that pur-
pose. Our large boys could be taught those things here in connection with this
school as well or better in my opinion than in schools farther removed.
MISSIONARY WOKK.
The missionary work here in both churches is now, as it has been for yearn, a matter
ef great encouragement. The faithful laborers in this field evince an untiring zeal
in the welfare of these people. The Rev. Mr. Gilfillan, whose life is devoted to themr
has not only ministered to their spiritual wants, but gave with an open hand at the
"seed sowing," and God grant that he may reap the harvest.
SANITARY CONDITION.
I regard this as a very healthy country, having plenty of very pure air and free
from malaria. The sanitary condition of the Indians improves slowly year by year
as they become accustomed to the ways of civilized life, and have more and better
food and use more care in their protection from exposure.
THE COURT OF INDIAN OFFENSES.
While I have selected three good men as judges of the court of Indian offenses for
this reservation, I have not been able to find suitable persons both at Red Lake and
Leech Lake to be competent judges and such as are necessary for that position. The
court here has relieved me of many trying cases, and now it would seem as if it would
be impossible to do without them. Their judgment in most cases has been excellent
and their decisions submitted to without any complaint in most cases. There are a
few lawless persons here that have been able to do as they wished for many years,
and the restraint that this court has been around them has caused some little dis-
satisfaction. But it is only a question of time and it will become a permanent fix-
ture and recognized as the only way to settle the little differences among them. If
these judges could be paid a reasonable salary for their time and services, there would
not be any doubt of the continued good results from this court.
RED LAKE.
Civilization and education.
That there is progress in this direction is manifest, though not uniformly so. The
exceptions are the band on the north shore of the eastern half of the South Lake and
the band located at the confluence of Red Lake River and Thief River, which bauds
are far behind the rest of the* tribe. The position of the former being a somewhat
isolated and not easily accessible one, and the latter being at a distance of 65 miles
from the overseer's headquarters, they have cultivated a spirit of seclusiveuess, and
have neither had nor desired the advantages of either school or church. The differ-
ence between them and the other five bands of the tribe is marked and is an em-
phatic argument in favor of educational and religious opportunities. It is strongly
suggested, therefore, that if the present system of Government fostering is to be main-
tained for a series of years, schools should be established and attendance made com-
pulsory in these two bands. A system of compulsion must be brought to bear upon
both parents and children — upon the former to compel their consent, and upon the lat-
ter to compel their attendance. This would hold good with all the schools if they are
to be made a positive success.
Agriculture.
There is improvement here also, slow but perceptible. The peculiar social standard
of the race, which assigns to the woman all the drudgery except only the care aud
use of horses and cattle, is a drawback just here, in that the woman can only plant
and cultivate what the man is disposed to plow for her, and her poor tired-born' lord
of creation is usually disposed to plow but very little and to break less. Had the
women the handling of the cattle and plows, I apprehend there would be a greater
growth of crops and a larger supply of food raised. I would not be understood to-
believe in, much less to recommend, any change that should tend to increase the bur-
•dens of the women, but I allude to the fact as an explanation in part of the little
progress made in this direction.
The introduction of wheat this season may initiate the solving of the problem of
self-support. If the crop shall happen to be a good one. and the coartse flonr which
REPORT OF AGENT IN MINNESOTA. . 105
only can be ground in the mill here, shall prove palatable, there will be a disposition,
created to repeat on a larger scale the planting of that grain in future. But so far
as can be at present learned, the yield will be small, owing to the fact that the sow-
ing was accomplished during an unusually dry spell.
The prospect for corn is good, provided the frosts hold off long enough for it to-
ripen. Of potatoes there bids fair to be a large yield, and of other vegetables there
will be a goodly supply for the amount of seed sown.
Logging,
A new industry to the Indian — that of getting out logs from fallen timber — which
resulted in the cutting of 9,313 logs, at a scaling of 1,338,470 feet, the gross proceeds
for which were $fi,681.75, an average of about $5 per 1,000 feet. The result was not
what had been predicted and hoped. Unfamiliarity with the work, inexperience in
camp economies, and the low price obtained for the logs combined to make the enter-
prise an unprofitable one. Believing that the former two obstacles will not exist in
a future venture, and that the Government will interpose to insure them fair prices-
for the logs hereafter, the Indians of Red Lake are very generally disposed to try their
luck again in the same direction. It is modestly submitted that either or both of the
two following plans would better satisfy the Indians than would the adoption of the
course pursued last year, namely :
First. Let it be officially announced at as early a date as possible that the Indians
are authorized to cut logs and that the agent or his representative is ready to make
contracts with lumber manufacturers for the cutting of specified amounts, said con-
tracts contemplating the advance to the Indians of $3 or more per 1,000 feet to enable
them to obtain camp supplies, and a settlement to be made at the end of the seasou
in accordance with scaling rendered by a Government scalar ; or,
Second. Let the Government, furnish, or guarantee for, needed camp supplies, and
at the end of the cutting season, while the w&ter is high, permit the Indians to drive
their own logs and sell them through the agent or his representative, in boom, at
such points on the Red Lake River as shall insure the best prices. In either case, let
the Government appoint a competent logger as superintendent of all the camps, whose
duty it shall be to go from camp to camp to direct the work, and whose incentive to
faithful performance of his part shall be a stipulated percentage per 1,000 feet of all
the logs cut and sold.
Intemperance.
Attention is called to the fact that while this evil is unknown among six of the seven
bands on the Red Lake Reservation, that at Thief River is becoming notoriously ad-
dicted to it. Drunkenness is of common occurrence, and gives evidence of the eva-
sion of the law on the part of liquor sellers.
Nelson bill.
This is not well understood by the Indians. Nevertheless, they are very generally
in favor of it, under the impression that somehow it is to create a fund for their
benefit and give them support without labor.
LEECH LAKE.
These Indians, better known as the Pillager tribe, number about 1,200 souls, and are
located in small villages at several poiuts around the lake, and garden on a small
scale, living mostly by hunting, fishing, berry picking, &c. They gather wild
rice and make large quantities of sugar each in their season. Rice and fish are the
staples on which they live from one season to the other. They are industrious in all
their pursuits and their small gardens of potatoes and corn are growing finely.
If Leech Lake Reservation is to be the permanent home of these Indians, lots of 40-
acres of land should be surveyed and some provision should be made whereby each
family could cultivate it and know where they mast live to be on their own land.
•This should be the same with the Indians at Cass Lake and Winnibigoshish Lake.
CASS LAKE AND WINNIBIGOSHISH LAKE.
These Indians number 442 souls and are located on the above-named lakes, about
25 miles equal distance each from Leech Lake Agency. The remnant of Shokak ke-
shig and Mo so moe bands that survived the small-pox epidemic of the winter of 1882
and '83, numbering 68 souls, live at the outlet of the Mississippi River. These Indians,
though not suffering from want, are in a more deplorable condition than any under my
supervision. They have no gardens and their only hope is a favorable rice-gathering
seasou and a good catch of fish. They live in bark lodges in the vicinity of the dam,,
now almost completed, built by the Government for reservoir purposes.
106 REPORTS OF AGENTS IN MONTANA.
At Raven's Point on this lake there are II families, all having fine gardens. These
few families feel no anxiety, as they will have plenty the coming winter. These In-
dians all speak in favor of moving to White Earth 'Reservation, if the Government
would make some provision for them, as they say they will have no home when the
reservoir is full.
MILLE LAC.
The Mille Lac Indians, numbering 950 souls and included within the supervision of
this agency, are living on their old reservation ceded to the Government in 1863. The
right granted them to occupy the land unmolested during good behavior has been, in
my opinion, the source of all the evil that has arisen in that ever-dissatisfied and much
to be pitied community of Indians. Living 130 miles from tha agency, where no funds
can be lawfully expended for them, and being estranged from the beneficial influence
of missionaries and teachers, without the aid extended to other Indians living at es-
tablished agencies and under the immediate care of the agent, is it surprising that
the condition of such Indians should be taken advantage of by designing and pre-
tended friends (?) who misrepresent to the State executive and through him to the au*
thorities of the Indian Department the condition of such Indians ?
WHITE OAK POINT.
The Indians commonly called the Sandy Lake bands number about 580 souls. They
are still living on the same reservation which they ceded to the Government in 1863.
They roam all over the country from Aitkins on the Northern Pacific Railroad to
White Oak Point, which place they were removed to in 1863 and to which place they
have a great antipathy.
GULL LAKE.
The Gull Lake band numbers 106 persons. They occupy the country around Gull
Lake and vicinity. These Indians never complied with the order for their removal in
1868 to White Earth Reservation.
I would rec immend the removal of the Mille Lac, Sandy Lake, and Gull Lake bands
to White Earth Reserve, and, with the aid of the Government, settle them perma-
nently where they could receive benefit from the Government through the appropria-
tions made by Congress from time to time in aid of their advancement towards civil-
ization. Their condition at the present time is a deplorable one. Still adhering to
their nomadic propensities, while the country is filling very rapidly by the hardy
pioneers of civilization, the time is not far distant when the inevitable conclusion
must be arrived at, namely, will the Government allow the Indians to roam at will over
the whole country, committing depredations against the property of the white settlers,
without taking immediate action to remove them on their own reservations, or will
they compel the settlers to take the matter in their own hands for their protection ?
Under the circumstances, I would state that owing to the scattered condition of the
several bands of Chippewa Indians belonging to this agency, covering an area of 300
miles in length by about 150 miles in width, and the modes of travel being difficult
and precarious, it is almost impossible for the agent to exercise the lawful and pater-
nal care which the condition of these Indians require, or to rectify any clerical error
which may transpire during ti e payment of annuities withoiit waiting until another
year passes and another payment takes place, to meet the parties whose presence is
necessary to correct errors which may have been made and exceptions requiring im-
mediate explanation. These are additional arguments in favor of the removal of these
Indians to White Earth Reservation.
Respectfully, yours.
C. P. LUSE,
United States Indian Agent.
The COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
BLACKFEET AGENCY, MONTANA,
August 14, 1884.
SIR: In response to official circular I herewith submit my first annual report of af-
fairs at this agency. As I assumed charge April 1, 1884, this report, as far as made
from my own knowledge, can cover but a few months.
CONDITION OF INDIANS.
When I entered upon the duties of agent I found the Indians in a deplorable condi-
tion. Their supplies had been limited and many of them were gradually dying of
starvation. I visited a large number of their tents and cabins the second day after
they had received their weekly rations, looked through them carefully and found no
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN MONTANA. 107
provisions, except in two instances. All bore marks of suffering from lack of food,
but the little children seemed to have suffered most; they were so emaciated that it
did not seem possible for ihem to live long, and many of them have since passed away.
To feed these Indians, about ^,300 in number, from April 1 to June 30, I had 19,080
pounds bacon, 44,700 pounds beef, and 64,565 pounds flour, being only 1| ouncesbacon,
3£ ounces beef, and less than 5 ounces flour per day for each individual. I had no
beans, rice, hominy, salt, nor any other articles of food, except sugar, tea, and coffee
(of which I had only enough for the sick and infirm) to give them, the supply of such
articles having been exhausted before this time, nor have I yet received any. In the
fore part of May I was reduced to such a strait that I was compelled to issue over
2.000 pounds of bacon which had been condemned by a board of survey the past
winter, but which I found not to be in as bad condition a~s had been supposed. In
the latter part of June and fore part of July, so great was their distitution that the
Indians stripped the bark frem the saplings that grow along the creeks and ate the
inner portion to appease their gnawing hunger. The buffalo, on which these people
formerly subsisted, is now extinct, and they will be compelled to rely upon the food
furnished them by the Government, until they can be taught to support themselves by
civilized pursuits.
AGRICULTURAL.
As early in the spring as the condition of the ground permitted, such of the employe's
as could be spared from other duties were set to work putting in the crops on the
agency farm and the patches of the Indians. The Indians were furnished with plows,
as far as the supply on hand would reach, and were aided and instructed in prepar-
ing their ground and putting in the seed. I gave about 5,000 pounds of potatoes to
the Indians for planting but many of them were eaten instead of planted, and, con-
sequently, the potato patches are few and small. Also oats, carrot, rutabaga, par-
snip, turnip, and other seeds were furnished and instructions given as to their use.
About the time the growing vegetables needed weeding, hoeing, &c., the Indians from
the north commenced making raids upon the Piegans, stealing their horses, and the
latter tribe left their villages and settled down in tents near the stockade, where they
remained until within the past two weeks. Thus their crops were neglected and but
little will be realized by them for the seed and labor expended in planting. I find
t^-iese people willing to work, but they must be shown how and furnished with imple-
ments. They have little patience in waiting for growing crops, and will have until
they are better fed. They commence eating potatoes, turnips, &.c., as soon as they
are large enough to be found, an<1 thus destroy the crop without getting much benefit
from it. This, however, is not to be wondered at when fcheir destitute condition is taken
into consideration. The crops on the agency farm of forty-six acres look remarkably
well at present, and, should nothing interfere between now and the gathering, will
yield bountifully. The season has been an unusually wet one, so irrigation has been
rasorted to but little. The hay crop is light, but of good quality.
POLICE.
It is not with much pride that I can speak of this force as it has been in the past,
but rapid improvement is being made and it will not be long until the police force
at this agency will compare favorably with that at any other. It was the habit of
members of the force to go on duty wrrapped in their blankets and wearing pants, or
with leggings instead of pants, or dressed in any peculiar style they saw fit to adopt.
This custom has been broken up and they now appear in uniform.
Early in the second quarter of this year (1884) I informed the policemen that their
terms of service would expire on the 30th of June, and that after that time I would
require all policemen to have their hair cut; that I would require no man to cut his
hair, but would not appoint any on the police force who did not. Of course they
were much dissatisfied with this at first, but, when the appointed time arrived,
nearly all the old members submitted their hair to the shears (and there were numer-
ous applicants for the places of those who did not), thus greatly improving the ap-
pearance of the force and getting rid of much filth.
COURTS.
Upon taking charge of this agency I found no court organized under the "Rules
Governing the Court of Indian Offenses," and I have deferred the organization of
such court until I should become sufficiently acquainted with the leading members
of the tribe to act intelligently in the premises. In all cases of dispute in regard to
property, &c., among the Indians, I have had the matters referred to arbitrators, and
their decisions have in every case seemed to me just, and, as a rule, have satisfied
the disputants.
108 REPORTS OF AGENTS IN MONTANA.
SCHOOLS.
No boarding-school has been in operation the past year. The day school has been
fair, and the children seem to be considerably interested.. Most of them do not learn
rapidly, but there are a few bright exceptions to that rule. As soon as supplies for
the current year arrive and a superintendent and matron can be secured, a boarding-
school will be opened.
REQUIREMENTS.
If these Indians are to be civilized and made of any use to themselves or anybody
else, certain things must be done for them. The land upon which they live requires
irrigation, in order to produce anything but grass. To farm they must have compe-
tent instructors, for they are utterly ignorant of this branch of industry. To have
strength to farm they must be fed. They should be located in bands, a good farm
fenced for each baud, the farm subdivided into sections for families, and an assistant
farmer provided for each farm, who should be required to live with the band and su-
perintend the working of the farm, the making of hay, the cutting of wood in sum-
mer for use in winter, and all other such work. Strong teams should be provided to
break up the ground, for the Indian ponies are unable to do it. For a few years a
sufficient supply of food should be furnished, that they would not be forced by hunger
to interfere with the growing crops, or the cattle herd provided for them. If any
families refused to work, not feeling the necessity for it on account of getting from
the Government enough for present needs, they should be denied supplies until they
do work. If such a course were adopted with this tribe I feel confident that they
would become self-sustaining in a very few years.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
R. A. ALLEN,
Indian Agent.
The COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
CBOW AGENCY, MONTANA,
August 31, 1884.
SIR : I have the honor to submit my third annual report of affairs at this agency.
I am very glad to be able to report some progress since my last report. The first two
years of my service I consider were almost thrown away. Itistrue we made some efforts
to get the Crows to farm a little in the agency field'at the old agency, but no effort
was made to get them to take up homesteads and settle down as they should, for the
reason that it was useless to do so until we should get the agency removed to that
part of the reservation where the permanent homes of the Indians were to be, or at
least, where we thought they ought to be. And it took us two years to get the mat-
ter decided. I do not say this from any disposition to find fault,' or complain, because
of the long time it required to get the ageucy moved, or to get it settled that the
agency would be moved. Nobody was to be blamed in that matter. The Govern-
ment had expended a considerable sum of money at the old agency and the Depart-
ment of the Interior was opposed to abandoning those buildings to go to ruin (as they
certainly will unless the property gets into the hands of private parties), until it w;i*
clearly shown that the proposed new location was so much superior to the old as to
justify the erection of new agency buildings ; and further, that the sole object in try-
ing to get the agency moved was to get the Indians located in that part of their res-
ervation where their permanent homes should be by reason of its being so much more
favorable for agricultural pursuits. So it was not until after I had been in the serv-
ice more than two years that I was able to begin to place the Indians upon their sep-
arate homesteads. The latter part of last year and the first part of the present were
spent in merely devising means to subsist the Crows, and in taking care of the Gov-
ernment property.
The allowance of subsistence supplies for this agency, for the fiscal year ending June
30, 1884, was very much reduced below what it had been the previous year. The quan-
tity of flour was reduced almost one-half and the beef just one-half. At the same time,
the game in the surrounding country had disappeared very rapidly, which made it the
more necessary that the allowance of supplies should be increased rather than dimin-
ished. The problem was a very simple one. I had to feed a certain number of peo-
ple for a period of fifty-two weeks and was allowed enough subsistence supplies to
feed them but sixteen or seventeen weeks. The unfortunate result of cutting down
our subsistence supplies before the Government had performed its duty in the matter
of removing the Indians to that portion of their reservation most favorable for agri-
culture, so that they might settle down upon their permanent homes and do something
for themselves, was that we were compelled to slaughter a large part of the stock cat-
tlese nt to us from the States the latter part of October, 1883.
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN MONTANA. 109
In the matter of subsisting the Indians the Government has done for years just the
.reverse of what should have been done. During all the years previous to 1879 or
1880 the appropriations for subsistence alone for the Crows was quite large, three
times greater, for instance, than since those years. But during all those years pre-
vious to 1880 the Indians did not need any subsistence supplies scarcely. The prairies
afforded an abundance of the kind of food the Indians preferred to any thing the white
man possessed, as well as pelts more than sufficient to enable them to purchase all
the clothing they wanted. Consequently it is plain that nearly all the thousands
and hundreds of thousands of dollars appropriated during a space of ten or twelve
years for the purchase of subsistence supplies for the Crows were just so many thou-
sands thrown away, or worse than thrown away. The money should have been saved,
or rather not appropriated, until now, when the game is extinct and the Indians need
a little assistance while they are beginning to settle down upon their homesteads.
But when a bill is introduced in Congress making an appropriation for the subsist-
ence of these Indians it is quite natural and right that the members of that honorable
body should inquire into the matter, and they tind that there have been so many thou-
sands appropriated, and concludeand say it is time these appropriations should be re-
duced or cease entirely. The fact is the Crows need, and ought to have, and will
have to have, about two-thirds the established ration for this year and fully one-half
the ration for next year.
We worried over the problem of subsisting the Crows (being also troubled some-
what by doubts as to whether or not the new agency would be built, all bids having'
been rejected on account of being too high) during the first part of the present year,
but having obtained additional supplies, and having received assurance that the new
agercy would be erected, we began moving the Indians to the valleys of the Little
and Big Horn Rivers, 120 to 140 miles east from the old agency, the first week in April.
As we could not subsist the entire tribe at the new location on account of having no
warehouse, there being also no reason for moving all at one time, our plan was to
move every Indian who had ever tried to farm or who had ever worked for the agency
in any way for wages. This included about one-third of the entire Crow people; and
the other two-thirds were left at the old agency, in charge of C. H. Barstow, clerk
and acting agent, with instructions to get as many as possible to farm in the agency
field, each having a separate patch of ground assigned him. I am glad to be able to
report that Mr. Barstow has succeeded in carrying out this part of our plan much
better than I expected he would. He succeeded in getting more than a hundred In-
dians to work on the agency farm. Nearly all were Indians who had never tried to
farm before, and the large field was as clean and nice as any in Montana.
We arrived at the new location on the Little Horn on the 14th of April; put up a
temporary warehouse 16 by 32 feet ; assigned the Indians to the cabins that had been
built the previous sumnier^by Special Agent Mil burn (as far as they would go around) ;
directed other families where to settle down and farm, each upon its separate home-
stead, promising to aid them in building cabins as soon as possible ; issued out farming
implements (to those only who had houses) and seeds, as I had been authorized to do,
and felt that I had just then, after two years' service, made a beginning. I think the
beginning is a good one ; that the foundation is well laid. I see every day that this
portion of the reservation is so much superior to that in the vicinity of the old agency
that we are justified in the removal and the expense of building a new agency, and
I rejoice that the work is going on notwithstanding the cost. We are now engaged
in moving the remainder of the tribe and all the Government property to this location,
Special Agent Milbnrn having gotten the new buildings nearly completed. We have
succeeded so well in spreading the Indians out and placing them upon their home-
steads that we cannot help rejoicing, and we wonder that any agent should ever
attempt to do anything with his Indians in any other way.
Nearly a hundred homesteads have been taken up this season, the first season it has
been attempted, only sixty being cultivated, however, on account of not being able to
get the sod broken on the rest until after the planting season had passed. Fifty-two
cabins have been built by Special Agent Milburn on these homesteads last summer
and the present season, and we shall build more ourselves, with the aid of the Indiana,
this fall. The sixty farms that were cultivated were supposed to have five acres each,
but there were only a few that were entirely planted, as we had not enough seed of
any kind. I issued for seed over 24,000 pounds potatoes, 7,800 pounds wheat, some
corn, and an assortment of garden seeds, mostly root crops, to each farm. Nearly all
the gardens are good, many are very good, and some are as good as I have seen on sod
ground. Many of the Indians were late planting. The wheat, which should have
been the earliest crop planted, was the latest, on account of the seed not reaching us,
and we feared it would not make a crop at all; but it is very good — much of it is ex-
cellent. The corn has matured, pumpkins and melons have yielded bountifully, but
Jiave not grown as large as they should for want of water, and this too notwithstand-
ing the season has been unusually favorable.
The soil is light and sandy, and although there has been a much greater fall of rain
110 REPORTS OF AGENTS IN MONTANA.
than usual and at more seasonable times, the ground soon dries off. I have noticed
that after every rain a brisk wind has blown, and taken a large part of the moisture
up again into the atmosphere. The usual season here is w« t in the spring and until
the early summer; after that time no rain at all ; and if it had been so this Keason the
yield for our farms and gardens would have been very light. We must have irrigat-
ing ditches. Without them our farming operations must be a partial failure nearly
every year and almost an entire failure one-half of the years. Our potatoes thi»
season are not half the size, and of course not nearly so good to eat as they would
have been if they could have been Hooded twice in the early part of July/ I have
now received authority from the honorable Commissioner of Indian Affairs to employ
an engineer to locate these ditches and make estimates of cost of same, wilh a view,
I presume, of letting contracts this fall yet, in order that the work may go on as early
in the spring as the ground will permit. It will cost a considerable sum of money, but
it is the right thing to do ; just what any man would do if it was his own business
and he had : he means to do it with. The Crows have the means, and it is much moie
important that their moneys be expended in ways that will benefit them, provided
alw-ays they get full value for it, than it is to hoard their moneys and pay it out to
them in small annual payments, which do them little or no good, but, on the* contrary,,
only teach them to be dependent on the Government and to live in idleness. The
irrigating ditches will be a permanent improvement which will always do the Crows
great good. They ought to be made before the dry season begins next summer, and
probably will. The Indians will be very glad to have their moneys expended in this
way.
In all the work we have had on our hands this season we have felt the greatest need
for more help, but could not have it because of the law which limits the amount an
agent may pay out in any one year for labor of all kinds. We at the front feel the in-
convenience, and I may say the wrong, this law does to the service. We have an
immense amount of work to do here. In addition to my regular force of employe's I
should have had 20 men from the 1st of April until the the last of October. We have
a great deal more work on our hands than we can do; and the consequence of not
having a sufficient force is that we are behind with our work all the while, and are
not able to do the work we do as it should be done. Sometimes when I have given
the employe's a certain piece of work to do, something still more important will come
UD and they have to leave the first job unfinished. The Indians are not pushed for-
ward nearly so rapidly as they might and should be. They come to us nearly every
day for assistance and instruction which we are unable to give them, and they could all
be'made to do a great deal more in a summer than they now do if I had enough em-
ploy 6s so that I could have a man stop at each Indian farm half an hour nearly every
day and tell the Indian what and how to do, and make them do it. If we layout
work for an Indian for a week in advance, and go back expecting to find it done,
we are in most instances disappointed; but if we tell them each day what to do, it
is nearly always done. They need to have some one to boss them all the while,
and if they could have an overseer for every 20 or 25 lodges during the summer season,
it would be a very good thing and produce the best results to the service. There are
so many more Indians to be shown how to do things than there are employe's to show
them that they sometimes have to wait a week or two weeks after they come to us
for assistance before we can give io to them, and this is very discouraging to the In-
dians. As an illustration, the Indians have about 56 patches of wheat, each one to
two acres, nearly all ready to be harvested the same week, and I have had but one
employe" to attend to this work. The rest of my employes are taking care of our
herd of cattle, making hay, and moving the Government property down from the old
agency. It is the first time the Crows have ever tried to cultivate wheat, and they
know nothing at all about thrashing and harvesting it. Much of it will be lost, I fear.
It teaches or encourages the Indians to be shiftless, I think, to manage their work in
this way. They get an idea that the agent does not care much for them. It will not
be much better next season, for, although the agent will have all his employes here
with him, the old agency being abandoned by that time, yet there will be two or three
times as many Indians to be instructed, so that we will be pushed all through the
season. It would be very much better and more economical to have a large force for
two or three years (during the summers only), and have the work pushed forward and
done as it should be, than to have it drag on, and push the agent and all his employe's,
and then not be well done, as must be the case when there is so much to do and such
a limited force to do it. I shall endeavor to have at least 10 ?neu in addition to my
regular force during the planting season next summer.
The figures on the table of statistics are estimated as far as the yield from the Indian
farms are concerned, and they are unsatisfactory, for the reason that it is difficult
to estimate the yield from an Indian's farm. When the Indians are on short rations,
as they have been all the summer, it is impossible to keep them from eating their grow-
ing crops long before they mature.
When I look back over the past six months I find one especial reason for rejoicing-.
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN MONTANA. Ill
and that is the promptness with which the honorable Commissioner has granted me
authority to do the several things and make the purchases I have felt were necessary
to be made. In nearly every instance there has been no delay, and this fact has been
a very great help to us in our work.
Our school is small, but everybody who has visited it must admit that it is a good
one. It is small principally because \ve have had no building that we could use as a
dormitory. The children have been too much crowded in the quarters they have oc-
cupied. During the year we have sent eleven students to Carlisle, making nineteen
in all, of which live have been returned to us.
Now, in regard to the future of these people. They seem to be in earnest in their
desire to settle down upon their permanent homesteads. Three or four years ago they
would have pulled up any stakes that might have been set to mark the boundaries of
their farms or of any survey. Now they come to us and ask us to write their names
on stakes for them to put down where they want their homes, or else ask us to go
with them and show them where it would be best to locate. Three or four years ago
if an Indian had been killed by a white man the agent would have had to do a great
deal of talking and perhaps make the Indians some presents to keep them from retal-
iating. A short time ago when one of the Crows was killed by the sheriff at Miles
City we expected to have had some trouble with his brother, who is a very irritable
man, but all that he asked for when he came to the office was that we go with him
and help him locate his home and promise to assist him to build his house as soon as
possible.
I believe that we ought to proceed at once to select the homestead for each head
of a family, and that it should be patented to him as soon as selected, even though
he may not take possession immediately. Merely proposing this matter, and talk-
ing about it with the Indians, and getting them to talk about it among themselves
will push them forward immensely, I am sure. If the Government will have a settled
policy in dealing with these Indians during the next three or four years, and expend
their'moneys in helping them in every possible way that is right in itself to establish
themselves upon their homestead, they will make considerable progress. But they
will still be a long way off from a civilized life for many years nnless the Government
can be induced to discontinue the reservation system and adopt a policy that will be
right and just and will bring the Indians, all Indians, more in contact with civiliza-
tion as we understand it.
I believe the Government should adopt a more vigorous policy with the Indian peo-
ple. I can see no reason why a strong Government like ours should not govern and
control them and compel each one to settle down and stay in one place, his own home-
stead, wear the white man's clothing, labor for his own support, and send his children
to school. I can see no reason why, our Government should permit such a state of af-
fairs as that good and true men and women should come to an Indian agency and
labor honestly and earnestly for three or four or a dozen years trying to coax or per-
suade the Indians to forsake their heathenish life and adopt the white man's manner
of living, and then go away feeling that they have thrown away, almost, the best years
of their lives. The truth is the Indians hate the white man's life in their hearts, and
will not adopt it until driven by necessity.
It would be an act of mercy for the Government to drive them to it in the next
three or four years, rather than allow the work to drag on for a generation and then
not be thoroughly done.
*****««
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
H. J. ARMSTRONG,
Indian Agent.
The COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
FLATHEAD AGENCY, MONTANA,
August 12, 18W4.
SIR : In submitting my eighth annual report it is gratifying to be able to state,
without fear of successful contradiction, that the Indians of this reservation have
steadily advanced during the past year in all the civilized pursuits which are neces-
sary to a self-reliant and self-sustaining community, and in reply to the signified dis-
belief and sneering remark contained in last year's" report of a certain agent, that "it
is interesting to read agents' reports of how their good Indians love to work, and how
they are rapidly becoming self -sustaining, &c.," I may be pardoned if I quote a para-
graph from the report of the subcommittee of the special committee of the United
States Senate appointed to visit the Indian tribes in Northern Montana last summer,
and it, I think, ought to go far to silence in an effectual manner the implied " fling"
at representations made to you from agencies, of the condition of which the writer
112 REPORTS OF AGENTS IN MONTANA.
referred to has evidently no conception. Alluding to this reservation, the following
remarks are to be found in the report :
The general condition of these Indiana, however, is so good that we feel justified in reporting th.it
in a very few years they will be as useful aud prosperous a community as any in the far West. They
are kindly, intelligent, and anxious to learn. Their relations with Major Ronan, the agent, are of tho
most satisfactory character, and, more than all, they appreciate largely the new order of things and
the necessity of self-support by honest industry. Many of them are cutting wood for the railroad,
and many cut logs and haul them to the agency saw-mill to procure lumber tor their houses. In no
tribe is there such an opportunity for testing fully the capability of the Indian for the modes and arts
of civilized life, and t heir progress so far demonstrates that this unfortunate people have a future other
than barbarism or ultimate extinction.
As germane to the above statement, I will here mention that within the last two
months there were delivered at the agency saw-mill by male members of fifteen In-
dian families 379 pine logs, which were cut, loaded, and hauled by the Indians with
their own teams, and were sawed into 128,000 feet of lumber of various dimensions,
suitable for the erection of dwellings and outhouses, the only assistance furnished
by the Government being the loan of trucks and logging chains and the services of
the agency sawyer. This lumber has now been hauled off, and has been carefully
piled upoa the farms of the owners, where it will remain until after harvest, when
these same Indians will construct with their own labor and by their own ingenuity
the buildings for which it is intended, assisted by a very little aid from the agency
in the way of glass, nails, hinges, and, in some of the more helpless cases, doors and
aashes, and this in addition to 18 new dwelling-houses, which have already during
the year been put up on this reservation by the Indians and for the Indians. I would
also add that the surroundings of these houses and others of longer standing — the
vegetable gardens aud waving grain, the latter of which is now beginning to fall
before the grain-cradle wielded by stalwart Indian arms, as well as before not a
few reaping machines run by Indians in their own fields and paid for by Indian toil
and thrift — to my mind tell a story of advancing civilization which cannot be success-
fully jeered at.
Such are facts in this case, and for many who cannot be personally cognizant of
them I am proud to have in at least their partial support the evidence of the eminent
statesmen who composed the committee aforesaid. Still there are doubters and
doubters, and for those I have still an argument left — a fact which incredulity can
neither overcome nor even combat. In the list of appropriations for Indians for the
fiscal year l883-'84 those who run may read :
For subsistence and civilization of the Flatheads and other confederated tribes, including pay of
employes, $13,000.
That this munificent sum was not exceeded can be verified at your office. There-
fore it will be evident that had the amount expanded in their behalf been equally
distributed among the 1,700 Indians of this reservation, each would have been bene-
fited to the extent of nearly $8. It is unnecessary to explain that a wagon, for in-
stance, valued, let us say, at $80, could not well be distributed in ten equal parts ;
and that when one Indian, of necessity, became the recipient of the vehicle the portions
of the appropriation assigned others were correspondingly reduced, nor will it be re-
quisite to prove that even had each received the full sum of $8 the amount would
scarcely suffice during a twelvemonth for " subsistence and civilization." I shall
therefore allow the fact itself to work its own way toward a proof that the Indians of
the Flathead Reservation are rapidly learning to work according to the methods of
the white man, which, indeed, is about the only manner they now have of supporting
themselves, and that they are " rapidly becoming," if they may not already be con-
sidered, " self -sustaining," &c.
Again, in connection with the Indian schools of this reservation, in order that I
may escape any accusation of originating rose-colored statements regarding them, I
wyi quote from the committee report already made use of:
The schools have now 100 scholars, about equally divided between the two sexes, and the Govern-
ment pays $100 annually for the board, tuition, and clothing of each scholar to the number of 80. The
boys and girls are in separate houses, the former under a corps of five teachers (three fathers aud two
iav brothers) and the girls under three sisters and two half-sisters, Father Van Gorp being at the head
of the institution. The children are taught reading and writing, arithmetic, grammar, and geography,
and their recitations, all in the English language, are equal to those of white children in the States of
the same age. The mission has a saw and grist mill and planing and shingle machine, worked by the
boys, several hundred head of cattle and horses, and 300 acres of land belonging to the mission, culti-
vated successfully by the male scholars, the product being sufficient to furnish enough wheat and oats
and vegetables for all purposes. The girls are also taught by the sisters, besides the branches we have
mentioned, music, sewing, embroidery, and housekeeping. Fora time the school was only for females
and the result was that the young women, after being educated, married ignorant half-breeds or Indiana
and, unable to withstand the ridicule of their companions, relapsed into a barbarism worse, if possible,
than that of the husband and tribe. Now, after the establishment of the department for males tho
yonng people, when they leave school, intermarry, and each couple becomes a nucleus for civilization
and religion in the neighborhood where they make their home, the fathers and agent assisting them in
building a house and preparing thi-ir little farm for raising a crop. We cannot sufficiently commend
this admirable school and we do not envy the man who can see only a mercenary object or any but the
highest and purest motives which cau actuate humanity In the self-sacrificing devotion of the noble
men and women, fitted by talents and accomplishments of the highest order to adorn any walk in life
who are devoting their lives to the education of these Indian children.
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN MONTANA. 113
On this topic I will pnly further add that the beneficial results of those schools are
now still more apparent than when the above report was written, nearly a year ago ;
that two new and commodious school-houses, described in my last annual report as in
course of erection, have lately been completed and are of the greatest credit to the
reservation, and that by recent contracts entered into by your Department the num-
ber of scholars which may be paid for by Government funds has been increased to 100,
and it is to be hoped that hereafter Congress will grant such appropriations as will
enable an increase to be made from year to year of the number of scholars at this as
well as every other boarding-school for Indian children.
Referring to the subject of crime, I desire to say that while I am too practical a
believer in the " survival of the fittest," and have suffered too many annoyances per-
sonally from objectionable traits of the Indian character to permit of my being much
of a sentimentalist on the Indian question, 1 still am prepared to indorse what I have
hitherto reported, viz, that, upon this reservation at least, the behavior of Indians
will compare favorably with the conduct of any community of a like size in any lo-
cality of which I have any knowledge ; and here permit me to intrude the remark
that what little success I may be accredited with in my treatment of these people is,
to a great extent, I believe, due to my readiness to admit that even " red devils," like
others, are not so bad as they are painted. Indians are extremely good judges of the
feelings of others ; they are naturally thoroughly independent, and full of, if not
pride, at least vanity. It is by no means strange that such characters (compara-
tively easily led. but almost impossible to drive) should meet contempt with aversion
and dislike with hatred.
With this digression I will proceed to state that while crimes here are of rare occur-
rence, I consider that they, with offenses of a nature less grave, might be easily re-
duced by the enactment of laws rendering Indians amenable to the same regulations
and penalties as those to which their white neighbors are obliged to submit. I know,
and I regret that it is so, that in this opinion I am at variance with some of the
brightest minds of our legislators ;• with men who have a true friendship and a Chris-
tian sympathy for a race much in need of their powerful aid; but I feel compelled
to record my belief that their efforts in this particular are misdirected, and with this
view I can find many of our best Indians who coincide. It has been the policy (I be-
lieve, a good one) of the Government to abolish tribal relations and annul the power
of the chiefs, but by these means the unruly spirits of the tribes were heretofore con-
trolled, and when such means are destroyed we should be prepared to offer something
better as a substitute.
True, the establishment of Indian courts has been proposed and may be of great serv-
ice, but it can hardly be expected that such tribunals would deal out capital punish-
ment for capital crimes, or take very severe views of thefts of horses from supposed
enemies. In fact, the transition from an autocratic to a republican form of govern-
ment is too sudden. We have deprived these people of their pillars, and should be
prepared to support them. We treat them as children, and should be prepared to
protect, guide, and control them. I repeat, and with emphasis, that, while guided
and controlled they should also be protected, for, while many of the headmen have
expressed their desire that their rebellious brethren be made to succumb to the white
man's laws, they have also expressed a fear that such laws would be enforced in dif-
ferent manners as against the red and the white man ; a fear, which I regret to say,
knowledge and experience do not tend to allay. It has been urged that Indians should
not be punished for breaking laws they do not understand, but I would submit that
all Indians, at least all of whom I have any knowledge, have codes of morals not at all
dissimilar to our ten commandments. Their consciences are pretty fair guides as to
what is right and as to what is wrong, and it will be found that a good Indian among
Indians would be considered a pretty good man in any community. Our penalties for
crimes and methods of punishment are doubtless somewhat different, but, when not
already known, I have no doubt that a couple of mouths would be sufficient to con-
vey to" the tribes, at least of which 1 write, a clear understanding thereof. I have
three murderers roaming at will on this reservation, who, having escaped the ven-
geance of relatives of the slain, know full well they have no other punishment to fear,
and yet as fully know that white men in their position would be liable to be hanged.
While, therefore, not presuming to suggest, I still hope that some code, a simple one
if necessary, will be enacted through which the lawless natives of Indian reservations
may be held in check. That with the clear understanding of many of the people of
their immunity from punishment their crimes should be so few is the highest evidence
in favor of their behavior and dispositions.
I will only further touch, and that slightly, upon my endeavors, directed by the honor-
able Secretary of the Interior and yourself, to have the Flatheads, now residents of
the Bitter Root Valley, remove to this reservation. The visit to Washington during
the current year of a delegation from that band is too recent an occurrence to re-
quire recital here. Suffice it to say that, in the face of Chief Charles' determined op-
position, and notwithstanding the proverbial Indian love for the soil of his nativity,
4266 IND 8
114 REPORTS OF AGENTS IN MONTANA.
I have, as has been fully reported to you, induced the heads< of twenty families to
agree upon a removal, upon* the condition that they will be* aided in establishing
themselves in their new homes (appropriations therefor having already been granted),
and that they will enjoy in the future the protecting arm of the Government, In order
that this aid and the necessary accompanying supervision may be rendered efficiently
and economically, it is absolutely requisite that the agency be removed from its pres-
ent position on the verge of the reservation to a more central one, within a reasonable
distance of where these people will require to locate; but this subject was fully dealt
with in my report of February 14, 1884. That such removal of the families mentioned
will only be the conimencement of the iinmigratiou hither of the great majority, if not
of the whole band, I firmly believe, and to this end I expect to direct my exertions.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
PETER RONAN,
Indian Agent.
The COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
FORT BELKNAP AGENCY,
August 22, 1884.
SIR : I have the honor to herewith hand you my fifth annnal report of the Indian
service at this agency.
I hardly think it necessary to indicate here the boundaries or extent of this reser-
vation, as that has been done for the past five years, and there has been no change in
reservation boundaries.
The number of Indians remains substantially the same as at the date of my last re-
port, with probably a small increase of births over .deaths.
What can I say of the morals of these Indians ? According to their own standard
they are quite a moral people, but if compared with the requirements of white civili-
zation they fall far short, and might shock the more sensitive. Yet this people are,
all in all, considering the situation, a fairly moral people. They possess a high ap-
preciation of anything lhat has an element of superstition, hence they cling with
great tenacity to many of the old usages of the race, and of course it will take many
rears of contact with whites and faithful teachings to eradicate those old superstitious
Their associations with the whites has been pleasant, and for the past year they
have had but little intercourse with lawless white men, who have been such a fearful
influence among them in former years.
There has been less whisky among them than in former years, the more perhaps
from the fact that they are so poor that it does not pay to bring it among them, and
from another fact, that the most of that class of whites have been run out of the coun-
try; and perhaps it will be well to mention right here that in nine cases out often a
man that will sell whisky to Indians will be also a horse-thief, if his wants appear to
compel it, and the depredations of these gentry became so frequent and bold that
nothing in the shape of horse-flesh was safe. The situation became so serious that
finally a body of vigilautes was formed, composed principally of cowboys, and they
proceeded to clean up the Muscle-shell country, and also the wood yards on the Mis-
souri River, with the result, as far as heard from, of thirty horse thieves hung and shot
and the rest of the suspicioned characters have skipped the country. In this case the
cowboys are entitled to great praise, and have the good will of all worthy citizens.
In the matter of Indian labor I am pleased to mark a decided advance. Even with
the Gros Ventres, who never before showed any disposition or adaptability to per-
form manual labor, this season has seen an entire change ; the efforts of all, both chiefs
and others, appear to be directed toward a different view of the labor question, from
what it was of old, when labor was held to be degrading. Among the Assinaboinea,
those who held to old superstitions the most tenaciously have been compelled to yield
to the advancing tide. So that to-day there is hardly an able-bodied Atssinaboine
but what will respond when called upon to assist us. They have done their share in
plowing, planting, and hoeing ; also in harvesting and haying, and all their allottmeuta
of laud show good attention and as a result will well repay them for their labors.
Many of them will put up hay for themselves, something, except in two or threo
instances, unknown before at this agency.
They (both Gros Ventres and Assinaboines) have built large numbers of houses in
the past twelve months, at least 150 houses, and generally they are pretty comforta-
ble buildings.
It will cause a serious demand for stoves, as everyone of them seems to be very am-
bitious to own a stove. They keep the inside of their houses quite clean and tidy,
but thoy keep them so terribly hot, especially in cold weather, that it would soon
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN MONTANA. . 115
make a white man sick. And I am inclined to think that the ehange from their old
semi-frozen state to such intensely warm quarters will tend to introduce more sick-
ness than formerly.
My police force are moderately effective in small matters; in fact the instances of
horse stealing, and other crimes of a similar nature have become so rare that there is
but little for them to do except in keeping order in their own camps.
In sanitary matters the agency physician reports the average number of Indiana
entitled to treatment at 1,850, the number that have in some manner been treated as
995; of this number 14 have died, 12 of which died from chronic incurable diseases.
Both tribes suffer severely from venereal diseases, contracted some years ago, and now
appearing as a constitutional disease, affecting the lungs and throat especially, and
this is and will continue to be the cause of a large majority of the deaths among this
people. The general health of these Inians is good, and improves from year to year,
and in time I believe this people will outgrow their present tainted condition, and
become a fairly healthy race.
The supplies furnished them the past year were not sufficient for their needs, and
but for the additional amount furnished later in the year much suffering would have
most certainly ensued ; and as the appropriation for the current year is, I suppose,
about the same, it is apparent that the same state of things will exist as came to pass
last year. And right here I desire to say that from all points this Indian question
appears to be an anomalous one, and outside of the influences that would govern in
similar situations with other races. lam happily able to say that none of my In-
dians have starved to death, but it has been only by the most rigid economy and by
keeping them 011 short rations that such a calamity has been averted. But I have it
from parties who have been on the ground that at other agencies in Montana many
have actually starved to death.
Now, I charge that all the fault in these matters lies at the door of Congress. Thou-
sands and thousands of dollars are appropriated every year for matters of doubtful
propriety, and at the same time only starvation appropriations are made where most
needed, namely, for the starving Indians on our northern borders; and during all the
time these unhappy people have been under the fostering care of our Government
our wise Congress has appropriated lands, money, and legislation upon railroads,
rivers, and harbors, public buildings, and monuments to the dead, and during which
time thousands of the nation's wealth have been expended in charity to the starving
of other lands, while within our own borders men, women, and children have been
in a state of starvation, in actual want of sufficient to sustain life, and all this in the
interest of economy. I believe the nation paid, and dearly, too, for the great crime of
slavery, and I believe that a just God will exact the tribute for our treatment of the
Indian race. " The mills of the gods grind slowly, but they grind exceeding fine." Is
it any wonder, then, in view of these facts, that, instead of becoming Christian citi-
zens they become soured, and commit outrages on the stockman's cattle, and, at
times, other and greater outrages? Let the white man put himself in their place, and
I venture to assert that they would commit a thousand fold more depredations than
does the Indian. I shall do my best to pull my Indians through the year on the
amount appropriated, but it looks like a disagreeable job. It is not pleasant to be
importuned, day after day, by hordes of half-fed women and children for something
more to eat, and not have it in your power to alleviate their suffering.
But, fortunately, by their labors they have produced sufficient to supply their im-
mediate wants; as far as potatoes, corn, turnips, &c., are concerned, they will have
plenty. The Indians have worked diligently and well on their farms, those thathave
them, and the result is a fine crop. But unfortunately many of them have no farms
and hence no crop. And while upon this subject I wish to reiterate former statements
in regard to the breaking of land. My Indians could just as well have tilled 600 to
800 acres of land as well as the 300 acres they have cultivated. The white employes
have broken every spring all they could, but it was but a tithe of what was needed.
It would seem to be a wise scheme to break up for them all the land they can till,
as that is directly in the line of our efforts toward making them self supporting.
On the whole a careful survey of the field indicates rapid advancement in certain
directions, more clearly in respect to agriculture, and I assert that in a few years, with
such assistance as the Government should most certainly afford them, these Indians
will become largely self-sustaining. Also, in the way of horse stealing, from being a
marauding and horse stealing race, six years ago, they are now a quiet and orderly
people. No stolen horses have been brought in for a twelve mouth, and I fully be-
lieve that their days of horse stealing are past forever. It begins to look as though there
was a future for this people.
The school has been fairly well attended, and the attendance has been quite uni-
form and regular, and the progress made has been quite apparent. With better fa-
cilities the progress would be more marked. I trust the time will soon come when the
agency building will be put upon a permanent basis, and that then a boarding school
will be one of the first objects to be taken under consideration.
116 REPORTS OF AGENTS IN MONTANA.
The buildings of the present agency (with the exception of those built by nie) are
in a terribly tumbledown condition, and our living houses are to a certain degree
actually dangerous. I trust that measures will be taken at an early day to build new
buildings, that, if not pretty, will at least be safe.
There has been no missionary work here with the exception of a stay of a week or
two of a Catholic priest. They, the Catholics, intend to establish a priest here at an
early day. I think it would be well for the denomination under whose supervision
this agency is supposed to be to take some steps towards carrying out the work that
has been allotedto them.
I am, sir, most respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. L. LINCOLN,
Indian Agent.
The COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
FORT PECK AGENCY, MONTANA,
August 25, 1884.
SIR : 1 have the honor to submit herewith my second annual report.
The year has been one of poverty and plenty. During the early part of the year
the limited supplies that I was allowed to issue to the Indians (in the absence of game
and a total failure of the crops) was insufficient; to keep them from feeling the pangs of
hunger to some extent. During the greater part of the winter I had four large cal-
drons in which I had a soup made and issued to the old, the sick, and little children.
The Assinaboines at Wolf Point killed quite a number of their horses to subsist upon.
It is difficult to ascertain the exact number of horses killed and eaten. When an In-
dian killed his own horse he sold the hide. When an Indian killed a horse owned by
some one else the hide was usually destroyed. The traders purchased in all thirty-
four horse hides. The newspaper reports as to the starving condition of the Indians
at Fort Peck Agency were greatly exaggerated, written by parties that either did not
know the facts or were not responsible for what they wrote. During the latter part
of the winter and early spring the mortuary statistics show an increase over the pre-
vious months owing to this fact, disease (mostly syphilis, congenital and tertiary)
preying upon the system, an insufficient amount of nourishing food, the long continu-
ous cold weather, and not starvation alone, the cause of so many deaths over previous
months.
WORK PERFORMED BY THE INDIANS.
The Indians have cut and hauled, a distance of 4 miles, logs for 200,000 feet of
lumber for agency use, cut and sold 500 cords of wood, built for themselves 175 log
houses, gathered and sold 150 tons of buffalo bones, and made 250 tons of hay.
AGRICULTURE.
Owing to the limited supply of farm and garden seed furnished only 600 acres of
land was planted and cultivated by the Indians. Having a fair amount of rain-fall
we now have an abundant harvest, especially of corn.
WORK ON IRRIGATING DITCH.
April 1 we commenced work on two irrigating ditches, one at Wolf Point, the other
at Poplar Creek. At Wolf Point we constructed a dam 500 feet long, and made a ditch
890 rods long, 3-^ feet wide, 2 feet deep. At Poplar Creek we constructed a dam 300
feet long. The ditch is 8 miles long, 6 feet wide, 2£ feet deep. We now have 6 miles
of running water in the ditch, covering several hundred acres of good, arable land
before it reaches the Missouri River bottom, where we have several thousand acres in
one body of the very best soil. We have yet to construct an aqueduct across Poplar
Creek before the main ditch will be complete. The entire work was performed by
the Indians, with the assistance of agency employ6s as superintendents, the Indians
working at the rate of 50 cents per day. For four days out of six they were paid in
supplies ; the remaining two days they were paid in cash. The actual cash outlay
for the excavation was less than 8 cents per cubic yard. The Government seldom
makes a better investment for the Indians toward self-support than it did when it
assisted them in putting this irrigating ditch in operation. Every acre of ground
covered by the ditch is worth now $25. The Indians were not slow to take hold of
the pick and shovel and go to work when they once learned that if they wanted
anything to eat they must work and earn it like white men. They are proud of their
successful enterprise and are hopeful as to their future success in agricultural pursuits.
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN NEBRASKA. 117
EDUCATION.
The facilities of educating this people are not equal to the demand, hundreds of
dirty, ragged boys and girls running wild in camp, growing up in ignorance and
vice, that ought to be in school, but there is no provision made for them. If they are
wards of the Government the Government ought to provide for this great need. It is
an injustice to the Indian child to permit it to grow up in ignorance. The Assina-
boiues at Wolf Point have long asked for a boarding school for their children. They
have a mission day-school, taught by Rev. G. W. Wood, supported by the Presbyte-
rian Board of Foreign Missions, who has worked hard for the best interests of those
people, and met with fair success. Rev. P. O. Mathews, an educated Indian, has
charge of the ^Government day-school, and has more pupils than can be accommo-
dated. In connection with the school Mr. Mathews has planted and cultivated 10
acres of ground, teaching the boys how to help themselves when out of school. At
Poplar Creek there is a mission day-school, taught by Miss Dickson and Miss McCreight,
under the supervision of Rev. M. E. Chapin. Presbyterian missionary. The school
has been well attended, and many of the scholars show a proficiency in the Dakota, in
which they are taught. The industrial boarding school, conducted by Rev. I. T.
Miller, has been well attended, more than could be well cared for. A new corps of
teachers throughout, some of them young and inexperienced, could not hope to be
as successful as teachers of experience and adapted to the work.
At Deer Tail's, 7 miles from the agency, a mission day-school was conducted by
Joseph Rogers, an Indian teacher, who made a success in his work. Also, -\t Lower
Box Elder, a mission day-school was taught by Robert Hopkins, an Indian man of
good standing among the Indians as well as the whites.
COURT OF INDIAN OFFENSES
has been of practical value to me. All minor offenses and difficulties that frequently
arise that of necessity must be adjusted are turned over to the judges of the court.
The Indians are willing to abide by their decisions and submit to the penalty im-
posed. The decision and authority, coming as it does from their own people, has the
moral tendency to educate them up to the idea of law. The punishment is usuallj
in proportion to the offense or turpitude of the crime committed.
THE SUN DANCE
is a thing of the past. The Indians have lived as happy without one this year as in
former years with it.
The outlook for this people is a very promising one. They have worked as never
before, and will continue in this way since their subsistence depends upon their labor.
Very respectfully,
S. E. SNIDER,
Indian Agent.
The COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
OMAHA AND WINNEBAGO AGENCY, NEBRASKA.,
September 6, 1884,
SIR : In compliance with instructions received from your office I have the honor to
submit my third annual report of this agency for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1884.
LOCATION.
This reservation, occupied by two separate tribes, the Omahas and Wiunebagoea, is
located in the eastern part of the State of Nebraska, and is known on the maps of
the State as " Blackbird " County. The Winnehagoes occupy the northern part of the
reservation and the Omahas the southern part. The eastern part of the reservation,
bordering on the Missouri River, is rough and broken by high bluffs and deep ravines.
Back of this range of bluffs lie the valleys of the Omaha, Blackbird, and Logan Creeks.
These valleys with the intervening table land form as fine farming land as there is
in any country, adapted to all kinds ot cereals, vegetables, and fruits for which
Nebraska is fast becoming famous.
118 REPORTS OF AGENTS IN NEBRASKA.
OMAHAS.
The Omahas are a steady, sober, and industrious people, whose greatest desire is to
secure permanent homes for themselves and their posterity. They are peculiarly at-
tached to their homes. For two hundred years or more this has been their home,
never leaving it except when driven away by other tribes or for the purpose of laying
in their yearly supply of buffalo meat. On the summit of every bluff lie whitening
in the sun the bones of their ancestors, aud on these bluffs they, too, hope some day
to lie with them.
The principal event of importance of the past year has been the completion of thg
work of allotting to the Indians their lands in severalty. In accordance with the act
of Congress approved August 7, 1882, 75,981 acres were allotted in 954 {separate allot-
ments to 1,194 persons. This number includes the wives, they receiving their lauds
with their respective husbands. About 55,450 acres remain to be patented to the
tribe, according to the act, for the benefit of the children born during the period of
the trust patents.
In the four townships nearest the railroad 326 allotments were taken, showing the
practical appreciation by the people of a near market for their produce. In Town-
ship 24, Range 7 East, of the Sixth Principal Meridian, 105 allotments were made.
The portion of* this township lying west of the railroad and unallotted to Indians was
opened last April to white settlement, and was immediately occupied. The unallotted
portion of this township east of the railroad will next year be in the market, and the
Indians located there will be surrounded by white neighbors, and thus be brought in
close contact with civilized people. All the land lying near the white settlements
which skirt the southern portion of the reservation is allotted, and the Indians, par-
ticularly those who are inclined to be progressive, are seeking rather than avoiding
associations with the white people. This is a good indication. Progress cannot be
made in isolation. The increasing crops of the Omahas to be marketed make them
an important factor in the prosperity of the growing villages in their vicinity, and
the tradesmen in the villages encourage their efforts. The people seem more and
more in earnest to advance in their farmers' mode of life. The security of their tenure
of their land has had an excellent influence.
The very thorough manner in which the work of allotting those lauds was done,
and the practical instructions given them at the same time, has given those people an
impetus which will never be lost. The thanks of every one of these people, and mine
with them, are heartily given Miss A. C. Fletcher for her noble work. Henceforth
the land follows descent according to the laws of the State, and the registry kept by
Miss Fletcher will facilitate in securing the proper inheritance. This registry, giv-
ing as it does the exact status of the families as they will be recognized by the Gov-
ernment in the patents, will also render valuable assistance in maintaining' the integ-
rity of the family, a most important matter in the welfare of this people.
The increasing prosperity of the people and their contact with the white settle-
ments makes the necessity of law as between Indians, and white men and Indians, of
rave importance. The Indian court of offenses has proven efficient and effective in
ealing with the class of disorders which came under its control. It is, however,
gra
dea
daily more apparent that the three judges of this court should be compensated for
their services, as they are frequently called upon to do unpopular things, and if true
to the duties of their office often risk personal friendship and help. This is a just
reason why they should be made independent and secure against loss. Another
reason is found in the fact that the judges must be of necessity taken from the more
advanced and progressive people, and such have farms that cannot be left without
loss while they are giving their time to trials. Each convening of the judges costs
them a day's time, which cannot be given without loss. With proper compensation
and under proper provisions the duties of the judges could be enlarged and the order
and discipline of the people enhanced.
Another step taken by these people at this time, which indicates a determination to
march on to independence, is the closing of their shops as tribal institutions. They
believe they are ready for the discipline of paying for their own work. If they can
succeed in this way it is undoubtedly educational in its tendency, as it necessitates
forethought in providing and retaining the means necessary for paying the carpenter
and blacksmith for their work; and if they succeed in this they will see the necessity
for forethought aud preparation in other matters, and that is the beginning of econ-
omy and thrift, which solves the whole problem for them of self-support. The Omahas
are a determined and progressive people, and in a very hopeful condition.
WINNEBAGOES.
The Winnebagoes are in many respects as different from the Omahas as a Gypsy from
a German. They seem to be by nature and practice a wandering and nomadic people.
Some of them are continually on the move aud embrace in their travels all the
•ountry from Minnesota to Kansas. They are always active, energetic, aud indus-
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN NEBRASKA. 1 1 9
trious, quick-witted, full of expedients in case of emergency or accident, and sharp
at a bargain. Many of them are good farmers and occupy their farms at all seasons.
Others occupy their farms during crop season and then put their children in school
and take the remainder of their family to the timber for the winter, where they en-
gage in chopping and logging until seed time comes again. They fully understand
the value of their labor and drive close bargains with their employers. They, as a
tribe, prefer to be day laborers rather than farmers. Seed time and harvest are too
far apart for them, and they prefer the quicker returns of the laborer, even at the ex-
pense of the greater profit.
They have never been the subject of persistent missionary labor, and as a conse-
quence are disposed to gamble and take a drink when occasion offers, and have more
faith in the teachings of their medicine men than in Gospel teachings. Most of them
speak English, wear citizens' clothes, and when on the reservation live in houses and
send their children to school.
The Winnebagoes were so unfortunate as to have money due them from laud sold
in Minnesota, and have, therefore, been the victims of political scheming and inju-
dicious Congressional interference. The bill passed by Congress in 1881, dividing
their money annuity between the Wisconsin and Nebraska Indians, in violation of
the spirit of their treaties, was unfortunate for them, as it tends to keep them floating
between the payments in Wisconsin and on this reservation.
The act of Congress approved August -7, 188*2, providing for the sale of the unoccu-
pied portion of the Omaha Reservation, after allotting to each person a homestead,
hag created a desire among the Winuebagoes to do likewise. I think this a move in
the right direction. Small reservations are decidedly the best for the Indians. It is
only the isolated condition of large reservations that aifords shelter and protec-
tion to those objectionable characters who demoralize Indians. These people cannot
be brought too near to good settlers. The opinion prevails in some places in the East
that Western people are not proper associates for Indians. I wish to state that the
settlers surrounding these reservations are sober, industrious, intelligent, and frugal
farmers, and in all these respects will compare favorably with rural communities in
any of the States. People are not all good about these reservations, but I hear that
the same may be said even of Boston. The past fiscal year has been ar year of progress
with these Indians, and of a character that will result in great good in the future.
EDUCATIONAL.
The industrial boarding schools at both agencies are in a flourishing condition, and
are doing good work. The attendance has been satisfactory throughout the year,
that of the Winnebago school being larger than ever before.
The industrial part of the education consists of farm and garden work, care of stock,
and the general chores about the house for the boys, while the girls are taught house-
keeping, laundry work, cooking and baking, and sewing, both hand and machine.
Some of the larger girls can cut and fit clothing for both sexes. All the girls' cloth-
ing and a greater part of the boys' is manufactured at the schools. We cannot at
these schools teach the different trades as they are taught at Carlisle and Hampton ;
still something ought to be done in the way of teaching the use of carpenters' tools.
A small work-shop should be fitted up, and there every boy should be taught the use
of the saw, square, and plane. These boys should have a practical farmer's education.
The management of the schools is the same at both agencies. Two councilmen are
appointed school inspectors for a term of one month. They visit the schools once each
week, and by this means all the council have become interested in the schools and
anxious to secure better attendance. To these men the parents state their grievances,
real or imaginary, and they lay the matter before the superintendent and an explana-
tion follows, and in nearly every case everything is adjustable harmoniously. Com-
pulsory attendance has been practiced to a limited extent during the year, and I am
satisfied that this is the only true waj to educate the Indian. In this way every case
may be reached. I have moved very cautiously in this matter, so as to create no vio-
lent prejudices against it, but so far as we have gone in the matter it has met my
fullest Qxpectations.
Quite a number of the children are being educated at Carlisle, Hampton, and Hough-
ton, Iowa. This is 'the true way to educate the Indian youth. I think those schools
should supplement the work of the agency schools, and the children taken should be
selected from the brightest and healthiest in attendance here.
The school in charge of the Board of Missions of the Presbyterian Church, known as
" Omaha Mission," is doing a good work. The attendance during the past year has
not been as large as it should be, owing to'the fact that no boys were admitted. I
think this a mistake. Provision should be made whereby they may take a limited
number of boys under the age of ten years. This would increase the attendance and
Bsefulness of the school and give better satisfaction to the Indians, especially to the
•hurch party, who regard this school as their own, and naturally wish that their boys
should by educated in their church school.
120
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN NEBRASKA.
STATISTICAL.
The number of Wiunebago Indians on this reservation is 1,205. Number of males
above eighteen years of age, 351. Number of females above fourteen years of age, 422.
Number of school children between the age of six and sixteen, 240. There is one
school-house at Winnebago Agency. The names of the school employes are as follows,
yiz:
Name.
Office.
Aimual
salary.
Charles H. Potter
Superintendent
$700
Maria Potter
Matron
400
Josephine H. Babbitt
Teacher
500
Elizabeth Winkhaus
400
Mary M Myers
300
Bosabolle Richmond .
Cook
300
300
The number of Omahas on this reservation is 1,167. Number of males over eighteen
years of age, 279. Number of females above fourteen years of age, 337. Number of
school children between the ages of six and sixteen, 303. There are two school-
houses on the Omaha Reserve, one known as the Omaha industrial boarding-school
and the other as the Omaha mission. The employe's at the Omaha mission are as
follows :
Name,
Office.
Mrs.M. C. Wade Superintendent
Marguerite La Flesche Teacher
Miss M. C. Fetter | Industrial teacher. . .
Miss M.L. Burns | Matron
Ella Blessing Laundress
Elma Taylor Cook
$250
200
250
25«
160
160
The employe's at the Omaha industrial boarding school are as follows, viz: v
Name.
Office.
Annual
salary.
"William C. McBeath
Superin tendent
$700
Mary McBeath
400
Clara Nicklin
500
Victoria Hull .... ..
Assistant teacher
390
Clementine Warner
Seamstress
300
Ella Dearing
300
Jane Johnson .......
Cook
300
Very respectfully,
The COMMISSIONER OP INDIAN AFFAIRS.
GEO. W. WILKINSON,
V. S. Indian Agent.
CONSOLIDATED SANTEE, FLANDREAU, AND PONCA AGENCY,
NEBRASKA AND DAKOTA,
August 14, 1884.
RESPECTED FRIEND : In accordance with instructions I submit this, rny eighth an-
nual report of affairs at this agency for the past year.
SANTEE AGENCY
is situated on the southwest side of the Missouri River, Townships Nos. 31, 32, and 33,
Ranges 4 and 5 West, in Knox County, Nebraska, and contains near 115,000 acres of land,
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN NEBRASKA.
121
a majority of which is bluff laud suitable only for grazing. The laud along and at
the heads of the streams is desirable for farming. The agency buildings are situated
on the north edge of the reservation, near the Missouri River, nearly opposite Spring-
field, Dak., which is our nearest railroad point (about 4 miles) from which we have a
daily mail. Yankton, Dak., is 30 miles east, Bazille Mills and Creighton 22 and 25
miles south, and Niobrara City 14 miles southwest. These are all good business places
which the Santees visit to dispose of their farm products and purchase their neces-
sary supplies in addition to those that they get .from the trader at the agency.
POPULATION.
The Sautees came here June 11, 18fi6, numbering about 1,350 souls; since then there
bas been a gradual decrease until this time, they now number 806. Some went to
Flandreau, others to Minnesota, and quite a number died from the small-pox in 1873.
For the last seven years they have remained about the same in number ; some go away,
others come to take their places; the last year there were 34 births and 37 deaths.
RATIONS.
The issue of rations has been discontinued to all except children who attend schoo
and about 50 old and infirm persons. Seven years ago I issued sugar, coffte, beef, Hour,
beans, rice, pork, &c., to all the tribe at the close of each week, giving them about
enough to live upon without much labor. This had to be changed, the rations were
gradually withdrawn, and pressure brought to bear to have them commence to labor,
and it could not be done all at once; little by little the work was accomplished, so
that no special suffering was known.
MANNER OF LIVING.
The Indians have gradually come from the dug-out to log and frame houses. They
are well supplied with horses, oxen, wagons, and farming implements. They have also
been supplied with heifers, but quite a number of them have neglected to care for them,
and they have perished, or the Indians violated instructions by disposing of them to
get a little cash, and the cattle would be gone before the agent would know of it. In
this way many of them have improperly gotten away from the agency. They all wear
citizen's dress ; generally live, work, and act like white people. They can do their
plowing, planting, sowing, reaping, mowing, gathering, and thrashing without the
special aid of the white man.
COMPARATIVE STATEMENT.
In order to bring some of the facts
subsistence to the tribe and the result
plainly before you, I will compare the issue of
from labor in 1878 and 1884 :
Issue of subsistence.
1878.
1884.
Difference.
Bacon . . ..
pounds.
19,486
514, 430
4,018
783
84, 183
18, 703
430, 248
4,018
2, 483
110,425$
2,900
1,575
6,520
,7,718
520
do
Beans
...do...
Coffee
do....
3,765
137, 393
2,900
1,611
6, 520
9,960
520
1,282
16, 967 J
"36
Flour
do
Hominy
do
Rice
do ..
Soap
do
Sugar
do ..
2,242
Tobacco
do
The sum of which difference, taken at the contract prices delivered at the agency,
would be $25,727, or $36 per capita, leaving the school children out of the calcula-
tion.
Results fro'» labor.
1878, 1884.
Land under cultivation
acres . .
1, 000 3, 357
200
Barley raised
bushels
IMax raised
do ..
840
Wheat raised
do
800 12, 500
9, 000 17, 500
500 19, 550
1, 800 10, 500
800 2, 700
257 487
Corn raised
do ...
Oata raised *
do
Potatoes raised
do .
Hay cut
Cattle owned .. ..
number
122 REPORTS OF AGENTS IN NEBRASKA.
Farming implements in use at the agency ar« as follows: 75 breaking plows, 134
cross-plows, 189 wagons, 28 mowing, 25 combined, and 10 reaping machines, 22 horse-
rakes, and 3 thrashing machines, besides numerous small implements and tools.
HOW TO HELP THE INDIANS.
From the above you can see that the rations have been decreased, the acreage and
products from labor have been increased. This requires time, patience, perseverance,
and labor, and can best be brought about by energetic practical Christian work, and
in doing this we lind that we have not only got to contend with and convince the
Indians themselves, but we have to strive with the ideas of people who may wish to
do good but are often a hindrance and a drawback to the Indian work. It is all right
for philanthropic people to assist in the Indian work ; so long as they act as auxiliaries
to the Department and its agents they may do much good in assisting officers and
Indians, but the trouble often is that they forget who the responsible persons are,
and, as irresponsible parties, wish to take the lead and have the responsible officers act
as assistance to them. I have been amused upon the receipt of letters of inquiry from
persons in the East, who wish to get up a lecture on the Indian or Indian policy.
They have never seen an Indian, anfl know nothing about the working of the Depart-
ment, and ask for information. Yet they are willing to display their ignorance among
uninformed people by making unkind assertions, as taken from newspapers, against
the Department and its agents about their dealing with and work among the Indians.
Then there are others who visit the agencies, many of whom are very acceptable ; some
of them come with words of comfort and kind advice, which brightens our pathway
and helps us along ; others come as critics and they feel that they must create some
great reform, and they go to work to make the change, and in doing this they come
in contact with the responsible parties whose duty it is to see that the law is properly
executed, and then the contention commences, and the individual, Department, or
policy is generally attacked, and time occupied that should be applied to a better
purpose. It is one of the easiest things in the world for a person to get up a disturb-
ance on au Indian agency. The agent is honestly required to withdraw the rations
and make them work. This causes an unpleasant feeling in the stomach, and they
will rally around any one who they think will fill them up and bring them back to
easier times.
THE GENERAL CONDITION,
habits, and disposition of the Indians are good. They have come from a life of depend-
ency to one of independence, acquiring habits of industry instead of idleness, with a
disposition to try to make their own living and not depend upon the Government for
all tha't they need ; yet they never refuse to take what-they can get and have a dispo-
sition to ask for many things that they should get for themselves. They are very
regular in attending church on Sunday, generally live in peace with their neighbors,
and comply with their word. True, there are exceptions to this, yet not any more so,
and I think not as much so as, among white people. They need the continuation of a
straightforward, honest pressure being brought to bear upon them to push them for-
ward in civilization, the same as the enforcement of the laws of our land to restrict in-
dividuals from committing crime.
LAND AND CITIZENSHIP.
The Santees are having their land allotted to them under the latter part of article
6 of the Sioux treaty of 1868, which requires that they must have previously occupied
the land for three years and made improvements thereon to the value of $200 ; they
then get a patent for 160 acres of land ; 127 have received their application papers
from me, but I think they have not all yet been filed in the land office. Under this
law they become citizens ppon the receipt of their patents. Although a number of
their papers have been filed in thr land office more Ibhan a year ago there have been
no patents received by any of the Indians, but we live in hopes and all are doing welL
I think the Department should act upon this subject so that the Indian is not required
to wait twenty-five years before he can become a citizen. The law says : " and any In-
dian or Indians receiving a patent for land under the foregoing provisions shall there-
by and from thenceforth become and be a citizen of the United States." The patent
should be placed at once in the Indian's hand with the restriction clause printed upon
it, or, if the Department wishes to hold the patents, then a notice should be sent tt>
the applicant, notifying him that a patent has been issued for him ; this would en-
title him to his citizenship. They would then come under the laws of the land and
could vote — (for Blaine and Logan).
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN NEBRASKA. 123
MISSIONS AND SCHOOLS.
There are two missions at Santee — the Protestant Episcopal and the American Mis-
sionary Association. The Episcopal mission met with quite a loss on the morning of
February 17, Ib84, in haviug-the principal buildings of the mission destroyed by fire,
consisting of church and school buildings, together with dwelling-house, sustaining
a loss of $10,000. Saint Mary's school of 35 girls was closed by this fire, which was
much to be regretted, for it was one of our best and most successful schools, and it
was quite a loss to have it discontinued. Amelia Ives was principal, Mary S. Fran-
cis was the teacher, and Sister Mary, as we called her, was their missionary compan-
ion ; they all have our true sympathy on account of their loss, and they are greatly
missed among us as kind friends and workers. The mission is being rebuilt, but not
so extensive as before. When this church is finished they will have three churches
in which services are held by William W. Fowler and native ministers. This mission
also has a boarding school for both sexes at Springfield, Dak ., called Hope school,
nnder the care of Mrs. E. E. Knapp. They accommodate about 24 scholars ; they are
doing a good work ; teach the English language entire. I witnessed the examination
at the close of the school in June last. The children spoke the English language well
and answered the questions promptly and did great credit to themselves and teach-
ers. The mission is putting up new buildings for this school and by next year their
school facilities Avill be much improved.
GOVERNMENT SCHOOLS.
The Government industrial school is taught by Samuel H. Seccombe. There has
been in attendance during the year 84 scholars— 55 male and 29 female— the largest
number that has ever been at the school in one year. The children are more easily
governed than formerly; have less disciplining to do ; have had only one or two cases
where we .were obliged io resort to stronger measures than moral suasion or tempo-
rary confinement. \Ve think the Indian child is more easily governed than his white
brother. There has been less running away from school this year than ever before.
There has been a steady improvement in the use of the English language. All the
children except some who came this year talk English in all their conversation, in
school and out. The girls talk English more distinctly than the boys, which, we be-
lieve, comes from the fact that the girls are kept more directly under the influence of
their teachers in the house than the boys can be outside. The boys have exhibited
more interest in the industrial work of the school this year than usual ; this has been
quite noticeable in the garden work ; they took hold and worked with a will, and they
have a good garden, the best they ever had. We think if Indian children have a
proper incentive for work they will not be found far behind the white in their will-
ingness to labor. We feel that all the children have made good advancement in their
studies. Our greatest source of encouragement was in the success we have met with
in overcoming the natural timidity of the children and getting them to speak up loud
and distinct in their classes and school exercises, which was a fact very noticeable in
the closing exercises of the school. With but few exceptions I could hear them recite
their pieces distinctly.
AMERICAN MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION.
Last, but not least, among the good school and mission work going on here is that
of the above association under the general supervision of Rev. Alfred L. Riggs.
Of his work and the gradual permanent progress that is being made I feel that I can-
not so express it that the public will fully comprehend. The Indian work has been a
lifelong work with Mr. Riggs, also of his father, Stephen R. Riggs, before him, who,
I regret to say, left us within the last year for higher fields of labor and rest. This
mission has 21 persons employed as teachers and missionaries ; they have 13 buildings
connected with the school and school work ; number of children attending school dur-
ing the year, 144. School was continued ten and a half months ; average attendance
during ten months, 99. They have a blacksmith shop, carpenter shop, shoemaker
shop, farm, and brick-yard in connection with their school. The Government has
paid this school about $8,000 during the year for the education of Indian children.
The mission furnished all the subsistence, &c., for the children, and they have ex-
pended more than $8,000 for the permanent improvement of the school buildings. The
foundation is being laid here for a lasting benefit to the Sioux Nation in Christianity,
education, and industrial training. I could dwell at length upon the good work of
this mission but will not occupy more space in my report, but respectfully call your
attention to a report which Mr. Riggs kindly handed me and I ask that it be printed
with other reports.
124 REPORTS OF AGENTS IN NEBRASKA.
BUILDINGS.
For the industrial school at Sautee are 1 building with accommodation for 45 pupils
and the employe's, 1 building for laundry and store-room, 1 for woodshed and carpen-
ter shop, 1 barn and 1 pig pen. Other agency buildings are, 4 dwellings occupied by
agent, physician, superintendent, and clerk; 3 dwellings (2 rooms each), and 2 old
log-houses occupied by Indian employes, saw mill, grist mill, 3 workshops, warehouse,
offices for agent and physician, 4 stables, 1 granary, and 10 minor outbuildings. These
are generally in good repair, fairly accommodating the work that is being carried on.
More room and better accommodation is needed, particularly in the blacksmithing
department. Other improvements could be made and profitably utilized in the serv-
ice. The grist mill is now closed on account of the engine giving out, which we hope
to have replaced soon by a hew one, as correspondence is now being carried on with
the Department in regard to it.
COURT OF INDIAN OFFENSES.
The rules governing Indian offenses have been in operation during the year. The
court is composed of three judges selected from the police force, who are, Antoine J.
Campbell, John White, and George Redowl ; they hold regular sessions once and twice
a month. There have been 33 cases before them during the year, as follows, viz : 2
cases damage to property, 1 drunkenness, 1 disputed title to personal property, 3 tak-
ing up and selling stray hogs, 4 living together without due form of marriage, 1 de-
serting wife, 2 abusing wife, 1 bastardy, 1 breach of promise, 1 family trouble, 13
gambling (moccasin game), 1 harlotry, and 2 assault and battery. Amount of fines
imposed and paid in : 12 fines, $1 each, $12 ; 2 fines, $2 each, $4 : 5 fines, $5 each, $25 ;
and 1 fine, $15 — total, $56. We think the court is doing good service and cf much
benefit to the agency in preventing and punishing crime.
FLANDREAU AGENCY.
The Flandreau Indians are a part of the Santees who left Santee Agency and took
up Indian homesteads along the Sioux River, Flandreau, Moody County, Dakota, 140
miles north of Santee ; they number at this time about 250 persons ; they are recog-
nized citizens, and live in peace with their neighbors. They have lived there near ten
years, and I am told that during that time not one of the Indians has been accused
or arrested for stealing. They are honest and make good citizens, but do not display
the energy generally seen among white people, although this we believe has been very
much overcome within the last lew years. Some of the most shiftless have sold out
and left while the better class who have remained are applying themselves more to
their farms, &c They have two churches conducted by native ministers, and the
Indians are very regular in attending the services. They have been assisted by the
Government in various ways so that they have a good supply of farming implements,
cattle, &c. They have a school-house in which a day school is taught by a man em-
ployed by the Government, making a free school for them. The Government has built
twenty houses for them during the year. They are becoming more permanently lo-
cated and doing better, and a larger proportion of them have kept their laud and are
remaining as permanent settlers than you will find among the same number of fron-
tier white people who first settled the country. The country around Flaudreau is well
settled up, a railroad runs through the county, and their lands are valuable. These
Indians deserve credit, should be encouraged, but not assisted too much.
THE PONCA INDIANS
under my care are a part of the Ponca Indians of Indian Territory, who were removed
from here in 1877, but came back under Chief Standing Bear. They number about
170 persons, are located on the north side of the Running- Water or Niobrara River, 15
miles from Santee, they have log-houses and stables, are cultivating the ground, and
making an honest living supporting themselves. I am now building twenty houses
for them, to be paid for from a special appropriation of $5,000 for said purpose. They
have had issued to them horses, cattle, farming implements, &c., by the Government,
so that they are all well supplied. They have a school -house, warehouse, blacksmith-
shop, and two dwelling-houses as agency buildings. Samuel Sullivan is their super-
intendent and does their blacksmithing, wagon-making, and looks after their general
work. I expect to e;i ploy a teacher and start a day school in a short time, and also
have some religious services among them.
GENERAL REMARKS.
All the Indians under my care are kindly treated by the Government and respected
by the people with whom they come in contact, and all have cause for thankfulness.
I have now been here nearly eight years ; have two more to servo under my present
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN NEBRASKA. 125
appointment, but I do not feel that I can remain. True, this appears, to a certain
extent, like a second home to me ; the Indians call the agent father, and a number of
these people do appear to me as my children. They come to me for advice upon all
subjects, and I have become more or less attached to them, and as we know each
other's ways, we get along without much trouble ; but I feel at present that I have given
enough of my life to this work, and that in justice to myself and family I should leave
and retire from public work, and devote the balance of my life to the interest of my wife
and children in a quiet home, where I hope to be of use as a Christian citizen of the
United States. In retiring from this, my responsible position, I wish to extend my
thanks to the officers of the Department for kindness extended to me as an official
during the time of my service. I know there has been much improvement in the In-
dian work since I entered the service ; there is room for more. The agent should be
better paid, so that such men as the service demands could be had. It requires good,
energetic persons to act as agents, such men as are of use and can find employment at
a good salary anywhere. I think the manner of making accounts, &c., should be
simplified ; there is too much red tape. Officers' accounts should be more promptly
examined administratively. I think Indian agents are unjustly and unkindly criti-
cised. In the first place, as soon as an appointment is made and the name comes be-
fore the public, a great many people are ready to look upon it as the name of a dis-
honest person ; they should remember that the agent is required to give a heavy bond,
and is held strictly responsible for his actions under said bond. In order to advance
the Indians in civilization the agent is justly required to bring a pressure to bear that
is in opposition to the general inclination of the Indian, and in this way often incurs
their displeasure. The agent is expected to have great forethought, for his acts are
all examined with afterthought. The Indians lay their grievances before the inspect-
ors, and the agents are generally criticised.
The agent is expected to entertain the inspector at his house (so I am told), and if
he sleeps a little long in the morning and the agent's business requires him to eat
breakfast before the inspector rises the agent may expect to be scolded for thus eat-
ing at his own table ; and if the agent's wife does not make the coffee to suit or the
eggs are a little too soft or too hard she may expect to receive a short remark. They
can get angry and swear or scold around in general ; this is all right for them, but the
agent must not do this. He must work all the week, go to church on Sunday, see that
•his children keep very quiet, do not go outside of the yard to play on account of the
bad example. The agent must be affable and courteous at all times, no matter how
much he has on his mind. In fact the agent must be a model man, and such men are
expected to be had and serve for the small pay allowed for Indian agents. Then there
is the missionary, who feels it his duty to look after some of the agency business, and
if he is not allowed to go on, no matter if it does interfere with some one else, he takea
offense at the interruption, and then the agent, who has given bonds to honestly per-
form the duties of his office and is responsible for the acts of his employe's and the-
work of the agency in general, is censured, and he who would dare to go against such
a would-be God-l'ike missionary apostle must be put down. I am glad to say the
above is not true of all inspectors nor all missionaries, but it is true of a few of them,
and the agents need to be protected from such. I believe the Indian Department has
as honest officers as any Department of the Government ; that they have more labor
to perform, heavier responsibilities, less pay, and less thanks from the general public
for what they do than any other set of public men.
THE OLD AND INFIRM.
I find that I have omitted one very important subject, that of caring for the old,
infirm, and blind people. At present we issue subsistence to about 50 of them at the
end of each week in such quantities as allowed. What I issue is insufficient to sus-
tain life, and it is eaten up in a day or two; themselves, and, perhaps, a friend will
call and assist to dispose of it, then the persons thus partly assisted must depend upon
getting food for the, balance of the week the best they can. This is not as it should
be, and at present I can see no better way for me to take care of them under the system
by which they are now supplied. Many of them come to my house, sit down on the
floor and beg for food, and I find my wife conducting an alms-house at her own ex-
pense. There should be an institution established here and supported by the Govern-
ment for these poor people to come to and get the necessaries of life, to have it as a
home if they wished it, or as a place for them to come and get their meals, and issue
no rations except at this house, the same as to school children. In this way the ra-
tions could be properly applied and given only to those for whom they are intended,
the poor, infirm, blind, and old, who actually require direct aid.
With a desire that the Indian Department may continue to improve and advance
the Indian so that he may grow in civilization and become a part of our nation, I re-
main thy friend,
ISAIAH LIGHTNER,
United States Indian Agent
The COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
126 REPORTS OF AGENTS IN NEVADA.
SANTEE AGENCY, NEBRASKA,
A uyust 15, 1884.
DEAR SIR : In forwarding my statistical report for the school year now closed, I
will call attention to a few points : First, the attendance has been remarkably regu-
lar. From the first of November to the last of June the average does not vary but
10.6. And among the boarding pupils the month of June shows the largest number
for the year. The total largest average is in March. When we began work here
fourteen years ago, and for some time afterward, the larger number stayed onlj
during the three winter months. There has been like steady progress in the grade
of the studies pursued and the proficiency in them. Very gratifying is the advance
in speaking English and in English composition, and this has been accomplished
without loss from the co-ordinate use of the native language in the school-room. In
the boarding halls the English is the predominant language.
Our industrial department has taken quite a step ahead during the year. The
farm has been enlarged and a commodious barn has been built 26 by 60 feet. The
carpenter shop has been enlarged, to double the size formerly, and a blacksmith
shop has been built and fitted out with five forges, so that since January last the three
shops, blacksmith, carpenter, and shoeshop, gave daily instruction to thirty young
men and boys. Besides this, we have kept many employed on the farm and in the
miscellaneous work around; and in the spring by your favor we took charge of the
brick yard, and ten of our young men had industrial training there. Our object has
been to give the fundamental ideas of industrial occupations rather than to make
accomplished tradesmen. And yet the work we exhibited at the National Educa-
tional Convention at Madison, Wis., won great praise for its excellence. The hand-
stitching of the shoes was as good as machine work, and there was no better forging
work exhibited from any of the older industrial schools than that of our Indian boys.
Last fall we began the building of a large diniug-hall for the use of the whole school,
and having capacity to seat 200 pupils. A good deal of work on this has been done
by our pupils, digging for the basement, tending the masons, and also on the carpen-
ter work. The industrial training of the girls and young women has been carried
•on much the same as before and with great efficiency.
The help that we have in our work from native assistants ia worth noticing. Three
men and one young woman have served as teachers in the school room, and two other
young women have served in the industrial training department, all with very valu-
able results.
This normal training school sustains such a relation to the whole Dakota nation
that it is a sort of an educational barometer, and we find an increasing number
throughout the Indian country who are intent on gaining an education, not only for
their own advancement in knowledge, but that they may become the instructors of
their people.' This is a most hopeful sign. For even though very many more of the
best white teachers ought to be employed in the education of the Indians, yet before
the work can be successful as a whole, we must raise up a strong corps of teachers
from among the Indians themselves, who, though they may have less scholarly equip-
ments, have the greater advantage of sympathy. From the condition of the educa-
tional and religious work among this people as well as from their progress in civil
institution and their building of civilized homes, there is ground for great encourage-
ment.
It is with great regret that I learn that you are about to resign your official respon-
sibilities here and retire from the place you have so long and so acceptably held. I
ahould feel that we ought to demur at your decision had you not fairly earned the
right to rest from your unremitting labors for the advancement of this people. And
it is right and fitting that I should bear testimony to the good work that has been
going on among this people during all the years you have had the oversight of them,
.and for which the credit in large measure belongs to your faithful labors.
I am, yours respectfully,
ALFRED L. RIGGS,
Principal Santee Normal Training School.
Maj. ISAIAH LIGHTNER,
United Slates Indian Agent, Santee Agency, Nebraska.
NEVADA AGENCY, NEVADA,
A ugust 15,1884.
SIR : Two tribes of Indians, the Pah-Utes and the Pi-Utes, and their reservations,
are embraced in the Nevada Agency. These Indians have acquired very many of th«
habits of the whites. They wear citizens clothes except only when too poor and un-
able to get them. They largely work for the whites in nearly every department of
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN NEVADA. 127
labor. They make efforts to secure homes for themselves and are willing to work
hard to attain that end. Quite a number are fair workmen at carpentering, at black-
smithing, horseshoeing, irrigating, building ditches, fences, stables, and small fram«
houses; at least one-half the men can talk English sufficiently to be understood in
ordinary work. They have done a large amount of the farm labor in Mason Valley,
Huinboldt Valley, Surprise VaJley, and the other neighboring valleys this season.
Many are good herders and receive good wages from white men for herding cattle and
sheep. Quite a number have places that they live on outside the reservation and get
their living by working for the whites, as do laborers elsewhere, appearing no differ-
ent but in color from white laborers. Others have pieces of land that they and their
relatives cultivate and make a living, and nonae surplus which they divide with their
relations who have done the work of raising this surplus but which they seem to think
theyi have no title to.
On the Pyramid Lake Reservation there has been constructed irrigating works
that have made available four times the amount of land that could formerly be cul-
tivated, and during the past year about double the acreage formerly cultivated has
been put in ; and although not all harvested, yet enough has been already harvested to
show that the crop is double what has been raised for years, if not double what was
ever raised on this reservation. On the Walker River Reservation it is similar,
double the number of families farming over last yearand more than double the crops.
The very high water has caused great labor at both reservations to keep the irrigating
works in repair, and they need much more work to repair them solidly. But the
temporary repairs have been sufficient to keep the water running, as the crops show,
and now there is sufficient and plenty running to waste. But the repairs are needed
to secure it, that a succeeding high water shall not again do so much damage. In the
Humbolt Valley the dam made and used by the whites washed out and they could
not and did not repair it. This is mentioned to show the difficulties met and over-
come by the Indians this spring.
A number of new ranches were allotted and the Indians partially fenced and brok*
the land and put in such crops as they could, while those who made a start last year
have good crops this year, and now the great difficulty is to find laud for those who
want to farm.
Besides farming their fisheries are valuable. The trout from the Truckec and Pyra-
mid Lake are justly celebrated, and more than 70,000 pounds were shipped last season
at an average price of 6 cents where caught, making $4,200 besides what the Indians
kept for their own use. The Walker Lake fishery is as valuable for food to the In-
dians but not so salable.
The day-school at Walker River was more prosperous last year and part of the tim«
was overflowing full. The Indians showed an increased desire to have their children
attend and to learn white men's talk and ways. At the boarding school at Pyramid
Lake there was a sickness broke out similar to the previous year, and it ;vas more dif-
ficult to secure a full attendance, but by earnest endeavor it was accomplished and
the school filled. The scholars showed good progress. The boys built fences, cut
wood, helped carry water, scrub and tidy up the school and school grounds. The
girls made 136 articles, undergarments, bedticks, sheets, sun-bonnets, aprons, dresses,
&c., and some of them — two in particular, Mary and Cogie — excellent cooks, can
make as nice white bread as can be found in a white family. Some few learned read-
ing, &c., pretty well in school, but all the girls seemed to like the industrial part of
school life the best, while some of the boys learned as fast as white scholars would,
and can write a neat letter, that would be taken for that of a white person.
The effect of the police at this agency in suppressing outbreaks has been almost
perfect; only two arrests were made last year, one for drunkenness and one for steal-
ing horses. No other cases came to the knowledge of the agent that seemed to need
locking up. Several were sent for and reprimanded for little things, and warned
against a repetition. No case of stealing clothing or of wife-beating was reported
during the last year, which is very different from what was the state of affairs three
years ago, before the police were appointed, It certainly seems that the police havo
at this agency proved one of the most efficient aids, if not the most efficient aid, to
the civilization of these Indians, and to secure their respect for law.
One thing that they (the Indians) do not just understand is why the trespassers are
not removed from the reservation. The agent has informed them that the whole mat-
ter has been referred to Washington, and that soldiers have been promised to re-
move them. But the soldiers fail to come, and they think the law is all for the whiU
man and none for the Indian.
They bury their dead two ways, the more civilized after the custom of the whites,
while many still adhere to their old tribal ways.
They have, during the past year, besides working their farms, fencing, digging
brush, &c., performed all the public labor necessary on the reservation, assisted and
directed by the employe's, with no extra charge to the Government for their services ;
that is, receiving their rations while doing this work, and earning the tools, &c., sent
128 REPORTS OF AGENTS IN NEVADA.
by the Government for their use. This labor includes building fence around fields for
agency and school use, digging ditches aggregating 12 miles, strengthening and. re-
pairing main ditch and dam, putting in flumes and boxes, building roads and freight-
ing from Wads worth to agency headquarters, 18 miles, goods and supplies, lumber,
nails, &c., for agency and school use, aggregating 144,300 pounds. Certainly they
are trying to do something.
Very respectfully,
JOSEPH M. McMASTER,
Indian Agent.
The COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
WESTERN SHOSHONE AGENCY,
September 8, 1884.
SIR: I have the honor to herewith submit my third annual report for your consider-
ation, touching all of the operations of the Indians and white employes during the
past year.
The general health of the Indians has been good, notwithstanding we have had no-
physician. Whatever medicines have been used have been administered by myself; I
have only used well-known and simple remedies. The total number of deaths during
the past year have been eleven, consisting of six men and two women, and three
children, being a fraction over 4 per cent, of the entire Indian population on the
reservation. The births during the same period are fifteen.
IMPROVEMENTS.
The work of improvement in a general way has not been so great during the past
year as the year preceding it, ior the reason we have not erected any new buildings.
But the general farm improvements have been more extensive than heretofore. We
have had to clean out and to a great extent rebuild all of our irrigating ditches. In
some places they were filled up with ea<rth and debris during the past winter, by rea-
son of rain and storm, and high-water during the spring. The same causes have in
many places washed away our irrigating dams, almost entirely. When it is remem-
bered that the rain and storm of the past winter did not entirely cease until the 24th
of June it will be seen that while we had a great deal of work to do in making repairs
upon our irrigating ditches and rebuilding our dams, with the almost insurmountable
obstacle of high-water to contend with. Nevertheless we succeeded in making these
repairs, and rebuilding 2|miles of new wire fence, planting posts 6 feet apart with
two strands of wire. To make the fence more complete and eifective against horses
and cattle we excavated a ditch along the line of the new fence on the outside; the
ditch is about 2| feet deep, and 30 inches wide at the top and 20 inches at the bottom.
In addition to this we have repaired all of the old fence on that portion of the res-
ervation known as Harris's place by replacing new posts in about half of the places
where the old posts had become rotten. I also added one strand more of wire to this
fence, as all of the public travel passing this way with stock go on the east side of
thio fence. We have also laid out and done considerable excavation work upon a
mountain road leading to some timber about 5 miles from agency buildings. The
Indians have themselves erected two new log houses for winter residences, seven
new corrals for cattle and horses, which was necessary for the cattlo distributed to>
them this summer. These with other farm improvements have kept our Indians un-
usually busy during the past season.
The only white employe's since last January have been a blacksmith, clerk, and
fanner. Since the 30th of June I have had no white farmer, substituting two intel-
ligent Indians in lieu thereof. The Indians have, cut, cured, and stacked for them-
selves about twenty ricks of hay which I estimate will aggregate from 190 to 200 tons.
We have plowed and sown about 250 acres of barley and wheat. While the crop is-
much better than the one of last year, yet it is not a full crop for the reason a great
deal was overflowed after it was sown, in consequence of high water. I estimate the
number of acres damaged by overflow equal to about 35 acres' leaving about 215 acres.
As we have not gathered our crop as yet I am unable to determine what number of
tons of wheat and barley we shall be able to realize. The grasshoppers have de-
stroyed from 8 to 10 acres of wheat and about the same number acres of barley, prin-
cipally on the east side of the river. All of the principal families or lodges of this
reservation laid out and planted gardens during the past spring, consisting of potatoes,
cabbage, corn, beets, rutabagas, turnips, peas, radishes, onions, parsnips, &c., the
seed being furnished by the Government. Notwithstanding the gardens have been
damaged some by grasshoppers they may be regarded as a success and much superior
to all othereiforts heretofore.
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN NEVADA. 129
THE DAY SCHOOL
was closed on the 15th day of last May in consequence of the teacher resigning on
account of ill health; and the chicken-pox appearing among the children, 110 school
has been reopened since, but hope to be able to reopen a day school at an early day.
POLICE COURT.
We have not given this institution, as yet, a fair trial so as to enable us to pro-
nounce it a success or a failure. Our Indians during the past year have been so very
peaceable and industrious and not committing a single misdemeanor of such a char-
acter as to come within the scope and purposes of the Indian court. I have, however,
kept up the organization of the court, and occasionally called them together, and
through the interpreter have explained to them the objects and purposes of their or-
ganization and duties.
POLICE FORCE,
like our police court, have not been very active during the past year for the reason
that peace and good order has prevailed upon the reservation. Nevertheless they
have always been prompt in reporting deaths, births, or the presence of any white
intruders upon any part of the reservation, and always appear on the Sabbath at
Sunday school, neat and clean, in their police uniform. The fact that we have a
police force in an organized state and on the alert has produced general peace and
good order.
There has not been a single case of drunkenness on the reservation, or at Mountain
City, situated one mile and a half «ast of the east line from the reservation, but I re-
gret to say there is considerable drunkeness and debauchery among the Indians, par-
ticularly the females, along the line of the Central Pacific Railroad, also at Tuscarra, a
mining town 65 miles west of the reservation. In a majority of the cases where liquor
had been sold to Indians it was as usual traced to the Chinese quarters and houses
of ill- fame, but. as no positive proof could be procured to fasten it upon the guilty
parties each case had to be dronped. The local authorities have done their best to
prevent this traffic but have only succeeded in one case, that of a lewd white woman,
who was charged with the crime, arrested, convicted, and sent to the county jail for
a period of sixty days under the laws of the State. I most earnestly urge on your
honorable Department that some steps be taken at as early day as p'ossible to abate
this crying 'evil. These Indians should be removed from the line ot the railroad and
mining towns to some other localities, or, more properly speaking, upon their respect-
ive reservations. The young Indian children being brought up among these evil in-
fluences and surroundings will only result in fit subjects for the penitentiary or the
gallows. They learn to steal, swear, drink whisky, fight, gamble, and murder. The
half-breeds raised in this way have all the bad traits of the Indian and white man
combined, and are possessed of a low and vicious cunning. Their hunting and fish-
ing grounds are all about gone, and being too lazy to work hence they congregate
around small mining and railroad towns.
These people are virtually destroying themselves, and the Government of the United
States is responsible for the condition of aifairs, for the reason that the country has
been settled up by the whites and what would go have been placed on reservations
where they have been fed. An Indian is less capable of working on half allowance
than a white man would be, yet the Government expects him to perform labor on
three pounds of flour a week, and two pounds of beef per week, and one pound of
bacon, alternating beef and bacon — that is, the week they get beef they don't get
bacon ; with one-fifth coffee, one-fourth of sugar, and three-fourths of beans per week.
No man that lives can work on that small amount per week. The result of this serui-
starvation is fast destroying these people on the reservations. If they were properly
fed they would soon be civilized, for they then would abandon the chase for sustenance.
The two conditions of food, if I may be allowed to use the term, one civilized and one
uncivilized, are antagonistic to their physical improvement and health and to the pur-
pose the Government has in view. I only mean those who remain upon the reserva-
tion and work and endeavor to learn the arts of industry. It may be said that although
the amount above mentioned is not sufficient, yet this quantity, added to the game,
wild fruits, and berries that can be procured, would be an abundance. The answer
to this kind of important argument is that the game, fish, wild fruits, are about ex"-
hausted, the former by the white man and the latter by the numerous herd of cattle and
bands of horses who roam over the mountains and plains. But the most cogent reason
against this policy of half feeding is that while the Indian is hunting his ranch work
is neglected, and he soon acquires a taste for the wild mountain life and the work of
civilization and progress in the arts of industry are retarded, if not retrograded. You
4266 IND 9
130 REPORTS OF AGENTS IN NEW MEXICO.
•aunot harmonize these two conditions of life. The result is almost a total failure of
the purposes of the Government.
If Congress would be governed by the wise recommendation of the honorable Inte-
rior Department in connection with the honorable Commissioner of Indian Affairs the
present heterogeneous system (if I may be allowed to use the expression) would give
way to a more sensible, liberal, and humane policy, that would give peace and con-
tentment to the Indian, and soon Christianize and civilize him so that he would be
able to maintain himself and family. This condition of affairs has not been brought
about by the policy of your honorable Department, but wholly by the penurious and
insignificant appropriations made by Congress. The average Congressman knows no
more about the wants of the Indians necessary to his civilization than the average
Piute or Shoshone knows about constitutional law.
REMOVAL TO FORT HALL.
The Indians of this reservation feel very much pleased with the. decision of your
honorable Department against their removal from this reservation to Fort Hall, and
allowing them to remain, notwithstanding the strong recommendation of Inspector
Benedict and Special Agent Beede to effect their removal. The decision of your De-
partment was a just and humane one, and I do sincerely hope they will be allowed to
remain upon this reservation until they shall have become qualified to support a home
for themselves and children. Captain Sam, Captain Charley, and Captain George,
mud Captain Buck, with other headmen of this tribe, have frequently requested me
during the past summer that when I have a big paper talk with the big chief at
Washington that I say to him on their behalf "That they heap like Duck Valley ;.
they no like go away from Duck Valley ; they all born around Duck Valley and Hum-
boldt country ; they like to stay and die .at Duck Valley; they no like Fort Hall ; too-
many white men there; they no like the Bannocks; they steal their horses; they no
»abe Fort Hall Mountains to hunt and its rivers to fish. They no want to go away
from here at all ; they hope big chief at Washington bring no soldiers to drive them
away, but hope he will help them and be their friend, and by and by they will be
able to take care of themselves, and be no further trouble and expense to their Great
Father. All they ask is that white man leave them alone, and not remove them any
more, as they have been already removed twice." I do hope this simple little appeal
to a just, generous, and powerful Government will be heeded, and these poor Indians-
be let alone. I can bear testimony to their industrious habits and peaceable dispo-
sition. These people are strongly attached to the land of their birth and to the hunt-
ing-grounds and home of their fathers, whose graves are scattered from the snowy-
capped peaks of the Buneau to the Goshute. Humboldt, and Tybo ranges.
During a residence of some thirty years upon this coast, I can safely and conscien-
tiously say that I have never come in contact with more docile or industrious In-
dians than those at this agency, particularly that portion of the tribe located and
known as the Shoshone proper, from their present advanced civilization in the arts
of industry. I have no doubt but a majority of the Indians of this reservation
will within three or four years more be able and willing to sever their tribal relations,,
and be prepared to receive and locate upon a small portion or parcel of the public
laud. This subject is often a matter of discussion among these Indians themselves,
and all of them that are advanced in civilization look forward to the time when they
•hall be able to receive from the Government an allotment of land to establish a home
for themselves and their children, and receive a paper talk (as they put it) from the-
Government that the laud is theirs, and no white man can drive them away.
Total population remaining permanently on this reservation is about 300.
All of which is respectfully submitted.
Very respectfully,
JOHN S. MAYHUGH,
Indian Agent, Western Shohone Agency, Nevada.
The COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
UNITED STATES INDIAN SERVICE,
MESCALERO AND JICARILLA AGENCY,
South Fork, N. M., Aug. 15, 1884.
SIR: In response to your circular, dated July 1, last, I have the honor to transmit
iny annual report and accompanying statistics :
This being my fourth annual report, I am in a position to state, with exactness, the
actual condition of the Indians of this reservation ; and in compliance with your re-
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN NEW MEXICO. 131
q neat, as contained in said circular letter, will present a report divested of all rose
coloring :
THE JICARILLA APACHES
who occupied a reservation at Amargo, on the Colorado line in north New Mexico,
were removed to this agency under instruction from your office, based on an act of
Congress consolidating the Jicarilla and Mescalero Apaches. The following from my
letter to you of date October 9, 1883, will explain the manner of removal and a few
facts in connection therewith :
The removal commenced on the 20th of August, 1883 ; the tribe arrived at Santa F6
on the 2d of September, a distance of 140 miles from Amargo. From Sante F6 we
crossed over to the Rio Pecos, striking that stream at San Jose, traveling down the
Rio Pecos as far as Fort Sumner, distance of 125 miles, arriving at the latter point on
September 20, At San Jose' the small-pox broke out among the Indians, and during
the march to Fort Sumner six deaths occurred. It had been intended to continue the
march down the Rio Pecos from Fort Sumner to Roswell, and thence to the right
across the plains to the Rio Hondo, thence up the latter stream to the Rio Rindoso,
and on to the reservation so as to be always in reach of water for the stock. But this
line of march was not carried out, for on the 22d of September, when near Fort Sum-
ner, the Indians became alarmed on account of the small-pox among them, and, in
consequence, broke across the country to the Capitan Mountains in the direction of
Fort Stanton. The wagons and other out-fit followed and overtook most of the Indi-
ans at a spring on the east side of the mountains, some 30 miles from Fort Stanton.
The distance from Fort Sumner to Fort Stantou is 137 miles, and from the last-named
point to the Carizo 40 miles, where the last issue of rations was made to the Jicarillas
on October 5, the total distance thus traveled by the tribe from Amargo to their
present location being 502 miles, and the total number of days consumed in the re-
moval of the tribe hither being forty-seven, not including the time required Cor the,
preparation. Thus far I find that the majority of the Jicarillas are pleased with the
change of location. Chief Huarito and his baud, who objected to the removal from
the start, are still discontented and dissatisfied.
The fact is that the Jicarillas, as a tribe, are a restless shiftless, lot of people. For
years they have roamed over the northern part of the Territory engaged principally
in visiting Mexican plazas, trading off their goods, and drinking poor whisky. They
are, as a class, confirmed drunkards, and never miss an opportunity to lay "in a sup-
ply of liquor ; they are also skilled in the manufacture of tiawin, their favorite strong
drink. I have called the Indians together, and in council informed them that they
must confine themselves to the reservation. I expect much trouble for some time to
come in my effort to introduce law and order amongst them. The good example of
the Mescaleros, who are now a temperance people, will aid in bringing about a better
condition of affairs. While at Amargo, where they had to go off the reservation to
winter their stock, there was some excuse for their going beyond the lines; but here
no such necessity for going beyond the boundaries exists, as the reservation has upon
it good and sufficient grazing for their stock and an abundance of good water. These
advantages, together with a healthful climate and aid and subsistence from the Gov-
•rnment, give them no cause for dissatisfaction.
GENERAL NOTES.
The band of Huarito still continues discontented. It is not so much on account of
their being removed from their former homes, as the fact of the restraint placed upon
them here. The trouble with this man Huarito is that he desires to continually pose
as a big chief, and requires that much talk in council be allowed him. He is opposed
to education, to stock-raising, and to all advancement in civilizaion. San Pablo is the
principal chief of the Jicarillas. San Juan continues to hold the position of principal
chief of the Mescaleros.
The report of the agency physician, Dr. M. J. O'Rourke, gives a good idea of the
sanitary condition of the two tribes. He says :
Xo malignant epidemic has prevailed, and while numbers have applied daily for treatment and many
have desired me to visit their camps, all, with but few exceptions, were suffering from simple diseases,
requiring very little treatment. A little tea and sugar is considered the great panacea for all their ills. A
number of deaths have been reported, but I am inclined to think that more deaths have occurred than are
reported. It is impossible to be accurate in these reports, owing to the tribes being so far removed
from the observation of the physician, and they are loth to report the deaths through superstition or
perhaps because they do not wish to reduce their already short rations by one — a likely reason. I am
informed by the issue clerk that they do not fail to report a birth in order, I presume, to add one more
to the number on their ration ticket.
From my experience compared with the statistics and reports of my predecessors in this department
I am happy to state that the confidence of the Indians in the treatment of the agency physician is vastly
increased, while in some oases they still cling to the advice and treatment of their own medicine m;m
132 REPORTS OF AGENTS IN NEW MEXICO.
I find that the medicine man is losing confidence in himself, as he frequently applies for assistance,
and in all cases abandons the patient to my care and expresses a willingness to minister to the wants
of the sick according to my directions.
With regard to the immorality anrtlewdness and consequent diseases so frequently reported as exist-
ing among the Indians, 1 have tailed so far to find the Met*calero and Jicarilla Apache tribes suffering
from any of the diseases consequent on those evil practices. I do not think there is much immorality
among them. The diseases which prevail to some extent, Mich as scrofula and other blood diseases, ace
due more to their want of knowledge of sanitary law, and the use of improperly prepared food, and, in
some cases, from want of sufticii-nt food of any kind. The health and peace of the Indian depends
largely on the promptness with which he receives his rations, and a good deal on the quantity. I have
noticed this especially during the Inst month when, not through any fault of the agent or his employes,
rations have not been issued regularly.
It is my opinion that by a continuance of the policy now being carried out energetically with the In-
dians of this agency, to wit, the fulfillment to the letter of all that is due them from the Government,
encouraging them in industrial pursuits, and especially in usiugevery means afforded in the education
of the youth, in a few years the Indians will be self-supporting. The war-path and depredations com-
mitted on the white man will be a thing of the past.
AGRICULTURE AND STOCK.
The farming operations have been fairly successful, and the following exhibit shows
the quantity of land now under cultivation, viz :
Acres.
Mescaleros :
San Juan's band on the Rio Tularosa 225
Nautzilas band on the Rio Tularosa 85
Nantogolinje band on Three Rivers, 35 miles distant 150
Jicarillas :
San Pablo's band on the Rio Talarosa 60
Huarito's and Augustin's band on Cariso Creek 15
Juan Julian's band at Three Rivers 55
A total of 590 acres in crops this season. The crops consist principally of corn ; po-
tatoes, pumpkins, and vegetables are also raised. All the cultivated laud is under a
good wire-ience. San Juan's band have constructed a new irrigating ditch 2 miles
in length, which carries water to a large tract of land. The Government has been at
no expense for this ditch, except to the extent of about 3,000 ft- et of lumber to carry
the water across canons. One hundred and sixty-six acres of new land was broken
up for the Indians this summer under authority from your office. San Juan's band
have about 1,000 acres under fence, which includes grazing and all their cultivated
lands. This fencing has all been done by the Indians under the instruction of the
farmer. They can and will work when necessity compels them, and compulsion of
some sort must be resorted to to teach them to labor steadily and become self-sup-
porting.
The stock owned by the Indians consists of, Jicarilla : Horses, 2,500; cows, 250;
Mescaleros: Horses, 500; cows, 250. The cows were furnished under contract by
your office last spring, and it is the first attempt at stock-growing by these Indians.
THE RESERVATION.
The troubles in connection with the disputes over the valuable lands on Three
Rivers, situated on this reservation, and which I reported on in detail in my last
annual reporr, have been finally settled to the satisfaction of the Indians. Under
orders from the honorable Secretary of the Interior, Special Examiner John B. Tread-
well examined the lines and found that the Indians were entitled to the lands in dis-
pute. The result has been to strengthen the confidence of the Indians in the inten-
tion of the Government to protect them in their rights. No other encroachments on
the Indian lauds have since then occurred. The exterior lines of the reservation are
now permanently fixed in accordance with executive order of March 29^ 1883.
The two tribes of Indians have a sufficient quantity of land for .agricultural and
stock-raising purposes, aggregating 472,:'>20 acres, and consisting principally of moun-
tains and small valleys, well watered and portions of it well timbered. Last winter,
while I was in Washington with a delegation of the principal men of my Indians,
they urgently requested that something be done to permanently secure these lands
to the tribe -by title. They urged this point strongly. That portion of the Jicarilla
Indians who are contented here, and who number about three-fourths of the entire
tribe say that it is a waste of time for them to make permanent improvements so long
as they have no guarantee of being allowed to remain here, and can regard the land as
their own ; that they might be moved again at any time, at the will of the Govern-
ment. The fact that this last move from Amargo to this reserve is the fifth one within
fifteen years rather demonstrates the truth of the sayings of these people. When
individual Indians open up farms and continue their cultivation by their own labor
such lands should be made secure to them in their possessory rights, even to the ex-
tent of giving them titles or patents therefor.
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN NEW MEXICO. 133
CIVILIZATION.
The " court of Indian offenses," organized during the year, has not been put in opera-
tion up to this date. The object of the court is a good one, and later on will be a success.
The Indians still adhere to the custom of burning the entire camp equipage, clothing,
and lodge of the family wherein a death occurs, and moving the whole camp on every
such occasion. This custom must be broken up by scattering the lodges before they
will adopt the habit of living in houses. Dr. Agnew of the Board of Indian Commis-
sioners, recently visited this agency. He gave it as his opinion that with the present
filthy habits of life of these Indians it was well for their health, and a preventive of
the spread of disease, that they should move camp often. In cases where I refused
to issue canvas for a new lodge to families who had burned their all in consequence
of a death, good, neat substantial lodges of poles were built, better adapted for resi-
dence than the canvas tents. The issue of duck for tents should be discontinued
gradually.
The Indian police force has done effective and satisfactory work. Indeed I do not
believe that these Indians could be managed and kept under control without their
assistance. It is due to them and their loyalty to the Government that the drunken
habits of the tribes have been broken up. Information received directly from them
has led to the arrest of several criminals. The pay of the police is too small, and this
is a source of discontent with them. They are frequently called upon to perform
duties requiring their services for a week or more continuously, and on such occasions
are compelled to expend money for subsistence for themselves and their horses.
SCHOOL WORK.
The boarding school has been in operation but four months. It has accommoda-
tions for 15 scholars, and is now full. A teacher, matron, and cook are the employe's.
It is the intention to put up an addition sufficient to make room for about 40 children.
Thus far the results have been satisfactory. The children are generally* very apt and
learn quickly.
CONCLUSION.
I am under obligations to the Indian Office and the Department for courteous treat-
ment and prompt aid whenever it could be given. The supplies for the present fiscal
year not being contracted for until late in July, on account of the failure of Congress
to make appropriations, has made it very disagreeable to myself, the employe's, and
the Indians. The latter were loud in their complaints.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. H. H. LLEWELLYN,
Indian Agent.
The COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
NAVAJO AGENCY, September 3, 1884.
SIR : I have the honor to snbmty for your consideration my first annual report of
affairs at the Navajo Agency for the year ending August 31, 1884.
I assumed charge of this agency July 1 of the present year, and although I have
been over a great portion of the "desert" set apart for their reservation since that
time, I have not had either the time or means to gather all the information that would
be necessary to render you a full and complete report, such as could be given by an
agent who should only have a few hundred Indians under his charge, for I beg you
will remember that there now are (supposed to be) at least 17,000 Navajos; that they
have not only a large reservation (such as it is), but according to the terms of their
treaty are allowed to scatter over a good portion of the adjoining three Territories,
and as they do not get either rations or cash annuities issued to -them, and are of a
very roving disposition, and as the proper means have not been at the disposal of the
agents here, for some years there has apparently been no accurate census taken, and
therefore a good many of my statistics, as I suppose were those of my predecessors,
are partly conjectures. They are, however, as accurate as can be rendered with the
means at my coa,mand.
This reservation is about my ideal of a desert ; and although very large, it might
have been much larger without covering any land of the least value. It is merely a
space on the map of so many degrees and parallels. Three-fourths of it is about as
valuable for stock grazing as that many acres of clear sky. As there are no running
streams it can only be irrigated with buckets. Nearly all the water is bad, alkali.
The valleys are composed of sand formed by wash and errosion ; no soil worthy of the
134 REPORTS OF AGENTS IN NEW MEXICO.
name; about three-fourths of the entire tract is covered by rock and barren mesas.
Where springs of water do exist the water has usually found a channel through the
debris under the surface and is lost there.
Still these Indians manage to eke out an existence. They are patient and indus-
trious workers. Nearly every family has a small patch of corn somewhere, and
although they may move their camp every month in the year, they always manage to
put in a little crop and return at intervals to cultivate it. Corn, mutton, and goat
flesh is their chief food. There is no game or fish on the reservation. They generally
exchange their wool and pelts for calico, flour, sugar, coffee, and leather.
The first article they use for clothing, both sexes wearing calico suits the year
round. The men wear calico pants and shirts (no underclothing) in the summer, and
the same costume, with the addition of a blanket, in the winter, and the greater part
of them live at an elevation of more than 7,000 feet.
They own a great many sheep and goats, about the same number of each, all of a
very poor and degenerate quality. They also own a great many ponies; and, accord-
ing to their custom, the women own and principally care for the sheep, and the men
own and control the ponies. The horses do not seem to be of much benefit to them,
but only serve as a method of designating the financial importance of their owners,
and to furnish the means for the purchase of wives. Many of the Indians own as
many as 300 or 400 horses. I am told that one Indian owns 800 head. They, of course,
do not use, or even break, but a small part of these. They do not apparently try to
speculate with them in any other way, or to improve the breed, or exchange them
for anything of value to supply either their needs or desires.
Their luxuries are flour, coffee, and sugar, the leather they use to make saddles,
leggins, and soles for their sheep-skin moccasins.
They live in miserable huts, generally made of stone or brush, very low, with one
whole side left entirely open for the smoke to escape through.' They usually manage
to build all their residences as far as possible from both wood and water— why I do
not know.
They make a great many blankets. Only a few are experts at it. However, some
of them are very nice, and I am told are frequently sold for as much as $100. They
keep the common ones for their own use. I think they manufacture about 10 per cent,
of all their wool into blankets and sashes, besides buying a good deal of "bayeta"
(an imported woolen cloth), which they tear into strips and use in their manufacture.
They card their own wool, spin it into yarn with a stick, and weave with a frame
made of four rough poles tied together at the corners; and so fine is some of this work
in texture that they will hold water over night as well as rubber blankets.
These Indians, unlike most other tribes, share the work about equally with the
squaws. They do not consider it disgraceful to labor, and are very good workers.
If the Navajos were not the best-natured Indians on the continent they would cause
lots of trouble, for they are continually told by their Ute neighbors on the north, as
well as by the Apaches on the south, that the only way to get any help from the
United States is to go on the war-path and then be hired to quit. Mr. Apache says,
"Look at me; I did all the injury that I could, for years, to the whites; see now
how they reward me for promising not to do so any more." The Ute says, " We
killed our agent and one belonging to the Navajos ; we have kept the good people of
Colorado, as well as others, in dread for years. Come over and see them pay us, our
wives and babies, a good many dollars in cash each year, just because they are afraid
of us. Go and kill a few women and children ; then you will be noticed and remem-
beaed ; ' Uncle Sam ' has forgotten you." It is hard for a poor Indian who has never
seen much of this world to understand why the distinction is made, and I am frank
to confess that it puzzles me to know why it is so. The treaty stipulations, condi-
tions, reservations, and all other things are exactly similar, only that the Navajos
are industrious and peaceable, and the others are not.
The Indian police here are very efficient, and were it not for them it would be hard
to manage these Indians, scattered over so vast an area as they are, wandering about
continually, mingling with the white settlers, and with every opportunity to procure
whisky, and subject to all other demoralizing influences, which are numerous here,
as in most other similar localities, and yet I venture the assertion that there is less
crime committed by these seventeen thousand people, heathens as they are, and unre-
strained by any moral sense of right, than in a community of equal size anywhere in
the civilized East. Since I have been here I have never seen an Indian intoxicated,
and I have heard of but one theft of importance enough to be ranked as grand lar-
ceny, and but few offenses that would even be rated as misdemeanors, and yet the
agent and these fifteen Navajos are all the power that is or can be used to prevent
lawlessness and crime.
These people are really without any political organization of their own, for although
they have (alleged) chiefs, these "potentates" do not amount to much. The head
chief, " Ganado-muncho," is seventy-five years old, very feeble in body and antiquated
in his ideas, although inclined to be friendly to the whites, and fair in all things, and
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN NEW MEXICO. 135
•a good talker; but his hand has grown too weak and palsied to control his people as
well as a younger, more progressive and vigorous man might.
The second chief, u Manuelito," was once a great and good chief, one who led
in war and whose voice was heard in council, but he has become a drunkard, and
little more than a common beggar. Has lost most of his former influence and power.
I wish some means could be devised to place a strong, young, and progressive man at
the helm to advise them and look after their interests.
SCHOOL.
The agency school for the past two years, has not been a success. My predecessor
•tells me that this was mostly owing to his inability to procure competent employe's
to conduct it, and that those who were here in that capacity were continually quar-
reling among themselves. The superintendent (Mr. Logan) told me that during the
time he had charge of this school (seven months) he did not believe there was one
single day when all of the school employe's were on speaking terms with all of their co-
laborers, that the children would come and remain a day or two, get some clothes,
then run away back to their " hogans." But few attended regularly ; consequently,
the school did but little real good.
I have adopted the plan of having one of the " police" in attendance, and if any
of the children leave now without proper permission he promptly brings them back.
I also make it a test of worthiness with Indian parents to send and keep their chil-
dren in the school here, and have secured new employe's, with one exception. I will
at least guarantee that there will be more harmomy and union of effort as well as effi-
ciency among the school employe's. I will also use every effort to increase the num-
ber of pupils, and to improve it in all other ways. We have a good school building,
and this is the only one among all of this people ; therefore, I feel that it should be
well attended, and shall use all of the power which you have given me to that end,
and I feel quite confident that this term of our school will be a comparatively suc-
cessful one.
The poor condition of the public buildings here has been so often complained of to
you, that I do not care to say much about them now ; but they are very poor. Still,
as you have led me to believe that you would allow the expenditure of $5,000 during
the present season for the construction of a new store-house, and for repairs to the
buildings now here, with this I think we can make them quite safe and comfort-
able for a while.
I am told by competent judges, men who have known these Indians for years, that
they have made more progress in dress and in their general way of living in the last
year than they did in the five years preceding this. They all wear clothes that cover
them in some way now, and have recently begun to build themselves houses under
your authority. I have given all of those who were ready to build the necessary-
window and door casings, &c. There are now about twenty-five houses in process of
construction, and I believe that at least fifty good snug little houses will be built
and occupied by them during the present season. Three months ago there was not
on this entire reservation oiie single house or cabin built or occupied by any member
of this tribe. In my opinion the most essential thing to do in order to elevate these
people is to induce them to build better places of abode ; they will then become less
nomadic in their habits, and that alone will create a desire to "accumulate," to im-
prove their conditions and surroundings, and to better their stock. They should be
induced to raise fewer and better horses and to speculate with them, better and
fewer sheep and goats and to take better care of these.
There is not the slightest danger of these people going to war, or ever making a
general outbreak; they are essentially peaceable, and have too much stock to go on
the war-path, even if that were their nature.
During the past year no crime of any importance has been committed, with one ex-
ception. During the month of March four of these Indians killed two prospectors,
Walcott and McNally. This was done about QOO miles from here and near the north-
west corner of their reserve. The guilty Indians were members of a band who seldom
came to the agency, and of which but little was known. Ihave succeeded in effecting
the arrest of three of the guilty ones, and they are now in prison awaiting trial. The
remaining criminal has left his people, and I have been unable as yet to find him. The
object of this crime seems to have been a desire of revenge for some real or fancied
wrong done to one of these Indians by some other white man years before.
These Indians practice polygamy to a great extent. Their*marriages are not very
ceremonious; the "wooer" simply turns over the required number of horses, (this
seems to be about the only use they make of most of their horses) and takes his bride
no matter how many others he may already have. They seem to possess no more
idea of virtue ; to them it simply represents a market value.
The Navajos still hold some slaves. They are the descendants of war captives,
Utes, Apaches, Moquis, Mexicans, &c., but their condition is nearly the same as that
136 REPORTS OF AGENTS IN NEW MEXICO.
of their masters, and as they know'no better, could not subsist in any other way, are
in no way fitted to be* free. I cannot see how it would be possible 'to liberate them.
Mr. Riordan, while agent here, brought some of them away from their owners and set
them free. They immediately took the shortest trail back to the "hogaus" of their
masters, and are there now. In my judgment the only way they could be free would
be to take them away entirely, confine them, and subsist them at public expense.
In, conclusion I believe if this tribe is allowed a fair proportion of the money appro-
priated by Congress, by improving their water facilities and the quality of their stock
that they will make as long a stride toward civilization and self-support as any tribe
under your charge. They are, I believe, the largest tribe on any one reservation in
the United States, have the most arid and barren reserve, are the hardest workers,
the most patient and peaceable, and I hope that the Government will reward them
as they deserve.
Herewith I submit my statistical report as required.
Very respectfully,
JOHN H. BOWMAN,
Indian Agent.
The COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
NAVAJO AGENCY, NEW MEXICO,
September 9, 1884.
SIR: In compliance with the Congressional act which combined the Maquis
Agency with that of the Navajos, I submit the following additions to my annual re-
port of the Indians under my charge :
In accordance with the system of nomenclature devised by the Smithsonian Insti-
tute, I have designated these Indians as " Makis." They term themselves and their
accestors " Hapitus," yet they have become widely and historically known as Makis
and good-naturedly recognize themselves under that name. It originated with the
Spaniards under " Caranaclo," who first explored this country in 1540, at that time oc-
cupied by the ancestors of the modern Pueblo Indians. The Spaniards halted at the
first stone-built village they encountered on their route from Mexico. The story of
this march defines the direction as northeast from the Gulf of California. It is evi-
dent from the data contained in that story that the first villages of stone houses ly-
ing on their way were the famous "seven cities of Cibala," the vicinity of which is
now marked by the comparatively modern village of "Zuni." The "Cibalas" told
the Spaniards of their nearest neighbors, dwelling about 75 miles northwest,
called "A-mo-kiui," just as the Zunis call the "Makis" to-day. The Spaniards,,
journying toward there A-mo-kini, made inquiry of the intervening bands of Navajos,
,who described the country as Tu-se-au — the Rocky Mountains ; hence, until quite re-
cently, this locality bore the corrupted aboriginal designation which, under the
phonetic spelling of the Spaniards, appears upon the early maps as the " Maquis vil-
lages " of the province of " Tusayan.''
The "Maquis" are the remaining remnant of the Western branch of the early house*
"building race, which once occupied the southwestern table lauds and canons of South-
ern Utah and Colorado and the adjoining portions of New Mexico and Arizona from
the south side of the San Juan River. They now occupy seven villages of stone-
built houses situated upon these " mesa mountains," jutting out from the level sand-
stone measures overspreading this area. These display the original plau of their vil-
lage structure — terraced houses of several stories, fronting upon a court, the ground story
approached by a ladder, and entered by a scuttle-hole through the roof. Windows
were originally only inserted above the ground story in the form of loop-holes and em-
brasures; the doorways are universally small, and* practicable chimneys are only of
recent innovation. The stones composing the walls are rudely dressed and unevenly
laid, but are plastered with adobe mud. The interior walls of the rooms are smoothly
plastered, and, in many instances, whitewashed with a clayey gypsum. The compart-
ments are small and badly ventilated, but well kept. That their villages have dwindle*!
in size is evident by the ruined walls and traces of the foundations of former struct-
ures yet to be seen in all the villages. They are weather-beaten, dingy, and filthy;
but their elevation and open exposure to eveiy current of air has preserved their
inhabitants.
Approximately, their location ma.y be stated as 90 miles from the junction of the San
Juan and the Colorado Rivers (south) and about 75 east from the point where the
Little Colorado River joins its larger namesake. Three of these villages are upon the
pvint of the first or most eastern "mesa." Seven miles farther west are three other
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN NEW MEXICO. 137
villages, similarly situated, upon what is locally termed the second "mesa," and about
8 miles still farther west is the village of "Orabi."
The level summits of these " mesas." upon which the villages are built, is about 600
feet above the surrounding sanely valleys, and in these latter they cultivate gardens
of corn and vegetables to the extent of about six or seven thousand acres. They pro-
duce Indian corn and the class of vegetables common to the Indian kitchen garden —
beans, squashes, melons, and peppers. In the sheltered nooks of the "mesa" are
clumps of peach and apricot trees, which bear most delicious fruit. To an insignifi-
cant, extent they also cultivate wheat, cotton, and tobacco.
Of the domestic arts they are conversant with pottery, spinning, and weaving and
basket-making, and produce many beautiful productions of these various pursuits.
The " Maquis," in common with all other branchesof the Pueblo race, are mild and
inoffensive, although their traditions tell of endless vindictive feuds among themselves,
prosecuted with the most relentless cruelty. Indeed, the decay of the race may be
traced, through their legends, to the exhaustion of their resources during ages of in-
temicine warfare. None of their modern productions equal those of their early ancestors,
either in architecture or in their fictile or textile production. Many traits of these
people denote their descent from a race inured to toil and distresses. Only an ancestry
to which such a struggling life was common could have transmitted the patient care-
worn expression of face so characteristic of the "Moki." But their social bearings
leave a happy recollection upon the mind of the observer. Their hearty hand-shake
and cordial greeting upon the trail is in cheerful contrast to the stolid indifference of
their nomadic neighbors.
Economic habits are also manifest. They make provision against famine by storing
a reserve supply of food sufficient for a year or two. Their conservative nature is
also manifest in their persistent clinging to their inconvenient homes on the rocky
mesa, and in the continued observances of all the ceremonial festivals as prescribed
by their religious traditions. Still they assimilate more readily with a higher civi-
lization than any of the nomadic tribes, because they have had for ages the advan-
tage of dwelling in fixed habitations.
The Moki agriculture consists in the occasional occurrence of wide cornfields, culti-
vated by arude system with both hoe and " dibble," usually producing bountiful crops,
but this culture is closely confined to the near vicinity of the inhabited mesas. They,
however, maintain a few outlying " ancestral " gardens and peach orchards, always
near some spring within a few miles of their villages. These limited tracts are all of
the Moqiii Reservation which they themselves make any use of.
Quite frequently trifling quarrels arise bet ween members of these two tribes; these are
usually caused by careless herding of the young Navajos, who allow their herds to over-
run these outlying Moki gardens. The Navajos are almost invariably the aggressors.
These are the most serious difficulties that these two tribes have had for years. Dur-
ing a recent visit to them I invested one of the most prudent of my Navajo police
with special authority concerning these affairs, and anticipate no further trouble from
this source. The best of good feeling generally exists between these tribes; they
constantly mingle together at festivals, dances, feasts, &c. The Moki gathers and
stores his crops with a nicety and care unknown to the careless Navajo. He barters
his surplus melons and peaches with his old pastoral neighbors for their mutton, for
the Maki herds are small, although they are now increasing. A few of the principal
men are beginning to gather herds of cattle. I submit herewith a report of their gen-
eral resources of stock, &c.
They manifest an earnest desire to educate their children. After a careful estimate
with some of the most thoughtful of their headmen, I am assured that out of their
population of 1,920 they will furnish at least two hundred and fifty scholars of suitable
age for schooling. I think with proper encouragement they would maintain a school
and keep it well filled with their children, and I believe the Government should do
something for them in this way during the present year. It is true the Government
has no building which could be used for that purpose, nor are there any in the vicinity
of their villages, but Mr. Thomas V. Reams, of Reams Canon, has kindly offered to
place at my disposal a comfortable building adjoining his trading post, about 12 miles
on this side of the villages, easily accessible and centrally located for them as well as
for the use of the western Navajos, and could be used for both as an experimental
school. It would be but a trifling cost to start and conduct it. It must, however, be
borne in mind that this locality is 75 miles from this agency. Reams Canon is 12
miles east from the Moki village. The children being removed to school at this place
it would preserve them from the annoyance and interruption of daily visits from par-
ents and relatives.
I have been given to understand that the attention of the proper authorities has
already been drawn to the adaptability of Mr. Reams's property as an industrial
school. The houses are well and substantially built of stone, are numerous and com-
modious, and well planned are surrounded with well-cultivated gardens, producing
the more nutritive class of vegetables, hitherto unknown to these Indians, but which
138 REPORTS OF AGENTS IN NEW MEXICO.
must convey to them mauy practical ideas and suggestions of improvements. The
place is well calculated in every way for an Indian school, where industry, books, and
•stock care could be done to advantage.
The lives of these people are as a rule uneventful ; they are determined to live in
peace and harmony with every body; no one ever heard of their committing a crime
or a depredation of any kind, or trying to injure the person or property of any white
man, since the advent of the Spaniards. They have no cornbativeness, not near
•enough to maintain their own rights; still they are contented, happy, and satisfied
with themselves, know nothing of the world, believe themselves to be the main part
of it, are appreciative and pleasant. It is a pleasure to deal with them, but they are a
" queer" "old people," odd, antique, seem to belong to some age beyond the flood;
their future is hard to foretell. One thing, however, is certain : the race is doomed to
extinction unless some stronger blood is injected. Communal manner of living, con-
sequent intermarriage, has dwarfed their power and impaired their vitality.
There have been no employe's at this agency, or rather among these people, during
the past year. They have received nothing from the Government in the way of auuuitie*
•or rations, and they do not ask for much now. I believe they were remembered by
last Congress and given a small appropriation; this they will want invested — hoes,
plows, harness, seeds, perhaps a couple of wagons, and some cook stoves. They will
not ask for clothes or rations, but I believe they should be furnished with a farmer, a
good practical man, who could teach school "while he was resting." They will also
need a physician. These two will constitute the entire necessary pay-rolls for them.
In conclusion, I sincerely hope that you will interest yourself in the establishment
of a school for them, believing that if you do so they will give it their hearty sup-
port and keep it full. If their little ones could be educated what stores of interesting
legends of the dead past they could give to the world from the traditions of their race.
I submit herewith, the statistical report as per instructions.
Very respectfully,
JOHN H. BOWMAN,
Indian Agent.
The COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
THE PUEBLO INDIAN AGENCY,
Santa F6, N. Mex., August 1884.
SIR: Pursuant to instructions received from your office, dated July 1, 1884, 1 have
"the honor to forward the second annual report of this agency for the fiscal year end-
ing June 30, 1884.
My experience of about thirty years among the Indians, as also that which I have
acquired during my short administration as their agent, furnishes me some knowledge
to form an idea of their true character, habits, and inclinations, and thus, recommend
measures which, in my humble opinion, may tend to teach them the true art of living,
thinking, and acting.
I am, indeed, extremely sorry to state that these Pueblos, with but two exceptions,
*. e., Laguna and Isleta, the former by the introduction of some whites who are busi-
ness, well-to-do, honest men, as also by the school that has been kept in their midst,
which has greatly contributed to their good, and in the latter by the enterprising
spirit of its children, are debased and idiotized by the effects of ignorance, indolence,
and superstition, to which they abandon themselves to excess. They never think of
their future nor that of their children. They do not think of their children, because
for these Indians their family is simply the consequence of the union of the sexes, and
by no means the basis of future societies. As regards the actual society of the whites,
instead of identifying themselves with it, they hate and fear it, because it attacks
their superstition, loathes their vices, and punishes them for, their crimes. Tothisin-
•digenous race the conquests of civilization are unknown and the law of progress utterly
void. Resigned as they are in their condition, they prefer to be the slaves of ignorance
Tather than crime in contact with the white race; hence the reason why they avoid
educating their children. They are afraid that the light of intelligence might make
them give up their habits and customs, become ashamed of their abjection, and side
with those whom they consider as the cause of their misfortunes since they were
•conquered.
Their children, in their conception, are not those dear beings that nature gives man
to perpetuate his species and contribute to his happiness; they are an element of ma-
terial life, and in the course of time the fuel to their brutal passions. Many an Indian
hires his children to the whites in the capacity of servants, not that they may thus
contribute to the current expenses of his family, not that they may be useful to them-
selves, but that with the exiguous product of their work they may encourage and help
to keep up their father's odious vice of inebriety. I reckon there are, more or less,
REPORT OF AGENT IN NEW YORK. 139
fifteen hundred boys and girls in the nineteen Pueblos, who attend no school, but
are growing in idleness, in indolence, in superstition, and amusing themselves with
the most obscene and repugnant dances, to the eyes of a civilized society; and this
they call a "sacred tradition " that they must carry on to their posterity untouched.
Shall an American Congress be willing to tolerate any longer such a state of things
among their poor Indians ? And will it, even in the presence of these facts, assume
such a slow gait as will not insure the happiness of these Pueblos for a whole genera-
tion to come ?
This gloomy and truly sad picture, but true, has a way of being avoided by declar-
ing by law that the education of the Indian youth is obligatory for every one of them
between the ages of eight and eighteen years, under correctional pain ; otherwise this
matter will ever be a question of time and money, a burden which the people may
not be willing in all probability to carry on their backs all the days of their life.
Compulsory and industrial education, as I said before, among the Indians, is what we
mostly need to improve the poor condition they lie in, after having traversed through
three distinct governments. So long as absolute discretion is given to indolent parents
to abandon the education of their children, so long as the law in this particular re-
spect is not compulsory, just so long will the Government and the people be unguar-
anteed in the noble end they have proposed to themselves, i. e., the civilization and
education of the Indian. The boys and girls that return from the Carlisle school, as
well as those who attend the Albuquerque school, are the pride of every man that ap-
preciates education and desires the welfare of these Indians; but when they return
home they have to join hands with the agent, and thus deal with the gross ignorance
so deeply rooted in th°ir people.
Juan B. Lucero and Jose" P. Abeytia, natives of Isleta, have two of their children
attending school here at the Christian Brothers' College, at their own expense. These
boys are progressing very rapidly.
There are three day schools under this agency, supported partly by the Govern-
ment and partly by the Presbyterian Board of Home Missions. These schools make
some progress. The teachers are able, honest, and energetic, and avail themselves
of every means in their power to obtain a regular attendance. Their noble efforts,
however, are not appreciated by the Indians, who show such indifference— enough to
make anybody despair. This, and the little or no application in their youth, goes to
show very palpably that the system of local schools among these Pueblos is not the
best.
In this connection experience teaches that the best way is to take the brood out of
the nest and send it to a place where, while they learn letters, they are also taught
better habits and a thoroughly different way of living. This I believe to be, in my
humble opinion, the shortest and surest way to educate these Indians and to save
them from the fatality of their former connections. Therefore J very respectfully
recommend this measure.
Some one of my predecessors has said that these Indians are independent, and that
their councils for the administration of justice are composed of wise»men. I ask the
American people what independence can there be in men whose true picture I have
depicted above ? It is only the civilized, educated, and energetic man that is inde-
pendent. What wisdom is there in men who for centuries have lived among civilized
people and are not yet ashamed to go naked ?
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
PEDRO SANCHEZ,
Indian Agent.
The COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
NEW YORK INDIAN AGENCY,
Gowanda, September 22, 1884.
SIR : I have the honor to submit herewith my first annual report of the New York
Agency.
Owing to the delay in the furnishing of annuity funds, I have only visited two of
the reservations (the Cattaraugus and Allegany) under my charge, and my report
must necessarily be a very incomplete one.
The thirty-one schools in this agency being under State superintendence, it is only
by courtesy that I get reports from them. I have received twenty-two that show
fair progress. The Thomas Asylum, for orphan Indian children on the Cattaraugus
Reservation, under the present superintendent, Mr. Van Valkenburg, and his wife
as matron, is one of the best institutions of the kind in the State, and is doing a great
work in civilizing the Indians of New York. The girls from the institution find
homes, and are in great demand as domestics in the adjoining villages. The boys
are instructed in farming and in the rudiments of some mechanical occupations, and
140 REPORT OF AGENT IN NORTH CAROLINA.
were it not for the curse to the red man — whisky and. hard cider — would become useful
citizens.
I would earnestly urge that legislation be had so that hard cider be placed by the
United States statutes among the list of intoxicants. There is, I believe, hundreds
of barrels of hard cider sold every year to the Senecas, on the Cattaraugus Reserva-
tion alone, and under the present decisions of the United States courts it is almost
impossible to stop it.
The season of 1883 being a cold, wet one the corn did not ripen and was a complete
failure; consequently there was a great deal of suffering on the Allegany, Cattarau-
gus, and Tonawauda Reservations, but through the energetic work of the Rev. Mr.
Tripp, the missionary in charge on the Cattaraugus Reservation, assisted by his wife,
and the hearty co-operation of Mrs. Laura Wright, the venerable widow of the late
Asher Wright, who has spent her life among the Senecas, there was no actual starva-
tion. Through the assistance of benevolent friends, especially in Buffalo, seed-corn
was furnished, and the present season promises an abundant harvest.
The Indians under my charge are making fair progress. They are improving their
farms and stock. Their cattle and horses will compare favorably with their white
neighbors.
The financial affairs of the Senecas of Cattaraugus and Allegany Reservations are
in a bankrupt condition. The funds received from lauds leased are squandered by
the councilors in useless legislation, and are largely used in bribery and corruption,
and have been the principal cause of the election litigation for the past year.
The nation is in debt thousands of dollars, their orders selling at 50 per cent, dis-
count, and there is no prospect of their paying their debts, unless there is some change
in the manner of collecting rents and accounting for moneys received. I would rec-
ommend that the collecting of rents be taken out of the hands of the Indians entirely ;
but to do so will require additional legislation, i. e., an amendment of the act of
February 19, 1875, as that act makes it the duty of the treasurer of the Seneca Nation
to collect the rents in the villages on the Allegany Reservation.
Verv respectfully,
W. PEACOCK,
Indian Agent.
The COMMISSIONED OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
NORTH CAROLINA CHEROKEE AGENCY,
Nantahala, N. C., Septembers, 1884.
SIR : In accordance to your order I beg leave to submit this my second annual re-
port.
I am of the opiflion that the Indians of this agency are not going backwards, but
are advancing slowly towards that civilization so much desired by their friends. The
customs peculiar to the Indian are now almost things of the past as regards the North
Carolina Cherokees; though at times some of them are induced and persuaded by
white men to have an Indian dance or ball play, but in these things they get no en-
couragement from their head men.
A large majority of these people are firm believers in the Christian religion. The
schools, conducted by the Society of Friends for these people, have been quite suc-
cessful during the last year, and so far as I have been able to judge the Cherokee
children in the boarding schools at Henderson ville, N. C., and at other points have
all made considerable progress, and will, no doubt, be a great advantage to their peo-
ple in the future.
The grain crop raised by these Indians this year is hardly a full crop, but this is on
account of the unfavorable season more than the lack of industry. Yet I assure you
that if this people could get to believe that they must make their living by honest
toil, and the expectation of almost fabulous amounts of money from the Government
was eradicated from their minds many of them would do better than they are now
doing; and in my humble opinion the sooner the North Carolina Cherokee gets his
dues from the Government, be it much or little, and is made to know that the world
owes him a living provided he will go to work and make it, then he will begin to
move alongside his white brother.
The greatest annoyance to this people is the unsettled and complicated condition
of their titles to portions of their lands which have been entered and settled by white
men, and so far we have been unable to get up title papers sufficient to eject them.
There has been some sickness and a few deaths among this people during the last
year, but no serious epidemic has prevailed among them. This people are much in
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN OREGON. 1 41
meed of a good physician, as there are none among them, and man y of them are un-
able to pay doctor's bills and consequently they get but little medical treatment.
The statistical report, so far as I have been able to make it, is inclosed herewith.
For the courtesies extended towards me from your Department during the last year
I shall ever feel grateful.
I ani your obedient servant.
SAM. B. GIBSON,
Agent North Carolina CheroJcees.
The COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
GRANDE RONDE AGENCY. OREGON,
August 19, 1884.
SIR : In conformity with instructions from the Department, I have the honor to sub-
mit this my thirteenth annual report.
The Indians of this agency for the past year have been peaceable, quiet, and as a
rule, industrious. These Indians no longer live, two or more families huddled to-
gether in one hut, as they once did. But each individual family lives in their own
liouse, upon the small tract of laud allotted to them, which they cultivate and im-
prove to the best of their ability, and in a manner that would do credit to any com-
munity. All of the Indians of this agency wear citizens' dress, and make a commend-
able effort to conform to the customs of life and mode of living of the white people
with whom they sometimes work. Many of them are experts in the management of
farm machinery and frequently get jobs through harvest from whites outside the
reserve. A few of them own threshers, reapers, and mowers, which they run at their
own expense and for their own benefit. These Indians are purely an agricultural and
stock-raising people. There are a few head of young horses on the reserve, owned by
Indians that are as good as any in the country. Their small bauds of cattle are of
such quality that they are sought by the Portland and Salem markets. If a good
young stallion for breeding purposes could be allowed these Indians the result would
be that the pony would be, in a few years, replaced by a good serviceable farm horse.
I feel confident that when the laud embraced in this reservation is surveyed and
allotted to the Indians, as contemplated by the letter of the honorable Commissioner
of Indian Affairs to the honorable Secretary of the Interior, under date of 16th No-
vember, 1883, that they will by their industry improve the same, and by their frugality
and economy soon become an important element in the community.
The yield and quality of the Indians' crops will be much better this than last year.
The condition of, and operations at, this agency for the year past has not materially
-changed from former years, but gradually improve each year. The mechanics in the
shops and the miller and sawyer have all been busy in their respective positions dur-
ing the entire year. The agricultural pursuits of these Indians require the constant
employment of one blacksmith and one carpenter to keep the Indians' plows, harrows,
wagons, and other farm implements in repair, thereby assisting them in sowing and
harvesting their crop. From the mills they are aided to the extent of having their
grain ground into flour, and such saw-logs as they may cut and haul to the mill sawed
into lumber, with which they build houses, barns, fences, and otherwise improve their
farms.
The agency physician is quite busy all the time attending to the sick, as the influ-
ence of the native medicine man is a thing of the past. The sick are at once reported
to the physician ; he informs me that the efforts made by the Indians to follow his
instructions in the manner of attending the sick wrill compare favorably with that of
white people.
The school at this agency is this, as it was last, year under the management of the
Catholic Sisters of the Benedictine Order, whose efficiency and untiring zeal in the
work is resulting in much good to the Indians in general, and to their pupils espe-
cially. I have every reason to believe that the school will continue to increase in num-
ber of pupils in attendance and efficiency of the work accomplished.
The missionary work of this agency is under the supervision of Rev. Father Croquet,
who has devoted his entire time and energies for the spiritual and moral benefit of
the Indians of this agency. Each year the reverend father makes frequent pastoral
visits to the Indians on the coast, and also to those of his faith who are residents of
Siletz Agency, for the last twenty-two years.
I respectfully call attention to the condition of the public building at this agency.
With but two exceptions, the buildings for use of the service at this agency are by
reason of decay unfit for the purposes for which they were originally designed. The
•dwelling houses for employe's, shop, and barns are almost untenable. Attention is
respectfully called to my estimate of funds, and letter of transmission dated 8th Janu-
ary, 1884, in reference to the subject of public buildings at this agency.
142 REPORTS OF AGENTS IN OREGON.
I would again invite attention to the necessity of making a special appropriation
for Grande Ronde Agency. The practice of appropriating a specific sum for Siletz and
Grande Ronde Agencies results, as a rule, in this agency receiving about 25 per cent, of
the appropriation. If the appropriations shall be made for these two agencies in the
future as in the past, a consolidation would be the proper thing to' do — have one in-
stead of two agencies.
COURT OF INDIAN OFFENSES, POLICE, ETC.
The rules governing the court of Indian offenses have been enforced. I cannot see
that the Indians have been benefited by the establishment of this court, as there has
been a well-organized civil government at this agency for the last ten or twelve years,
consisting of legislature elected by the Indians as well as court and court officers, all
elected by the Indians. This additional court, without any compensation being
allowed by the Department for pay of judges and officers, under these circumstances
the judges hold court with great reluctance.
No police officers have been appointed at this agency. Nor are police officers neces-
sary, as I have not at any time had any trouble to maintain peace and order without
their aid.
Statistics herewith transmitted.
I am, very respectfully,
P. B. SINNOTT,
Indian Agent ~
The COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
KLAMATH AGENCY,
Klamath County, Oregon, August 16, 1884.
SIR : In compliance with instructions from your office, I have the honor to here-
with submit my sixth annual report of Indian affairs at this agency.
REVIEW OF THE YEAR.
Nothing of unusual importance has occurred during the year, except the falling of
Williamson River bridge, a wooden structure of trestle-work having a stretch of
about 240 feet. Fortunately, this falling of the bridge took place in September when
the water was only about 12 feet deep. As the old bridge was built by the Govern-
ment and was on the Indian reservation, the county authorities did not feel under
obligations to rebuild it, and in fact were hardly able to do so. At the same time
the interests of the military at Fort Klamath as well as those of the reservation re-
quired that a new and more permanent structure be built as speedily as possible.
Through the joint labors of the fort and of the agency, the agency furnishing all the
material and all the labor except the skillful labor needed, a very good and solid
bridge, resting upon several wooden structures filled with rock, was built under the
immediate supervision of Capt. G. H. Burton, of Fort Klamath, Oreg. Over 120 men
worked two weeks each, many of them also furnishing their teams to draw materials
during the entire time of their work. About 30,000 feet of lumber was used in the
construction of this bridge, besides a large amount of unhewn logs and stringers for
the planking to rest upon.
The success attending the building of this Williamson River bridge in the vicinity
of the agency, and the pride which the agency Indians justly felt in its completion
and fine appearance, aroused in the minds of the Yainax Indians a desire to rebuild
a bridge in that vicinity, over Sprague River, which had been swept away by a flood
a few years since. For this purpose, during the winter, and while the snow was on
the ground, they cut and drew from the neighboring forests to the river's bank a
large amount of timber and material for a more permanent structure than the old
one. Owing to the unusually high water during the spring and summer, there has
as yet been no opportunity to use this material. Before winter again sets in, we
hope to be able to have another bridge which will be a credit to the energy and pub-
lic spirit of our Indians.
The completion of the new school boarding house begun last year at the agency,
and the opening of an enlarged school on the 1st of February, 1884, was an event of
unusual interest to the Indians residing on this part of the reservation. This build-
ing, which is on an average 40 feet wide and 90 feet long, with two full stories of
about 12 feet in height each, is a very fine structure and presents an imposing ap-
pearance. The Indians and Indian children are very proud of this building.
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN OREGON. 14$
THE BOARDING SCHOOLS.
The average number of pupils in attendance during the entire year at the agency
and at the Yainax schools has been over 100 ; and since the 1st day of February lastr
at which time the agency school was enlarged, about 120. Though this number may
be considered a good average for an Indian population of about 1,000, yet I am satis-
fied that there has been no time during the year when the number of pupils might
not have been easily increased to 200. Three hours of each day are devoted to school-
room exercises, and five hours to labor and industrial pursuits. The progress of the
pupils in both of these departments of effort has been very satisfactory. The girls
are taught all that pertains to housekeeping and making and repairing school cloth-
ing, and the boys the various kinds of farm-work. Several of them have also been
detailed to work in the saw-mill, the blacksmith shop, the carpenter shop, and in the
ihoe shop. All these pupils are to be commended for habits of industry and of neat-
ness.
I have heretofore been encouraged to hope that authority and funds will be afforded,
for an enlargement of the. school at Yainax and for further improvement of the school
buildings at the agency. Though no such authority has reached this office, yet I
am hopefully looking for it every day. It will be a great disappointment to the In-
dians in the vicinity of Yainax if, after they have cut and hauled the logs to the
•aw-mill to make the lumber, furnished men to help saw it and to take care of it,
drawn about 40,000 feet of it a distance of 40 miles over a rough road to the place of
building, their expectations of having an increase of at least 20 pupils should not
be realized. Should the authority to' go forward in this work come soon, I shall make
every effort in my power and use all the available time before winter is fully upon us-
to so far complete the work to be done as to open the school on the 1st of November
with two teachers' departments and 60 pupils in attendance.
INDIAN POLICE.
All of our policemen are poor men, and are likely to remain so while they retain or
•ontinue 10 hold the positions named. All but one of them have families who are de-
pendent upon them for a living.
Under these considerations I have not thought it best to hold them to as rigid a
performance of their duties as I otherwise would have done. When there has been a
considerable number of Indians employed to do outside work, such as cutting and
hauling wood or hay for the military and others, I have allowed one or more of these
policemen to take charge of them and work with them for a compensation. I have
also pursued the same course in regard to parties who have done freighting for the
military and for others. Had it not been for such timely aid afforded them I would
have had no policemen on duty at this time. Even with these favors, with the ut-
most industry and economy, they barely subsist from year to year. They have all
been very active in duty and very useful and beneficial to the service.
THE COURT OF INDIAN OFFENSES.
The best and most intelligent Indians are really unfitted for the position of judges.
They are apt to have their prejudices, and from their very limited legal knowledge, to-
make mistakes. The Indians are well aware of this, and almost unanimously prefer to
have all law cases submitted to the agent. While they are progressive, they are not
fond of frequent or radical changes. It required a struggle for them to give up their
allegiance to their chiefs in all law matters and to submit to have their cases decided
by the Indian agent. This, however, was finally done, and the authority of the agent
as representing the Government was fully established. Then came the police system
with an employe" at its head as chief, the agent being ultimate authority to whom an
appeal could be made. It was some time before they yielded cheerful obedience to police
regulations and to police authority. They could not understand how an employe" could
take the place of an agent and try their law cases. When the court of Indian offenses
was established the change was so radical that it was hard for them to comprehend its
necessity or its requirements. Having been taught that the Government was supreme,
and that it had a right to change old regulations and laws and to make new ones, they,
however, accepted it as a matter of necessity. Our judges are the most intelligent
and the best men we have for the position, but It has taken considerable time and
effort to teach them that they are not to prejudge a case and that they are not to-
hunt up cases for trial. Still, they have done quite well, and are continually improv-
ing. I have no doubt that each year will add to their fitness for the position which
they occupy, and the disposition of the people to respect their authority and to regard,
them with favor.
144 REPORTS OF AGENTS IN OREGON.
AGRICULTURE.
The experiences of the past year, like those of preceding years, have not been favor-
able to the raising of grain and vegetables except in a few favored and sheltered lo-
calities. These failures have been owing, as heretofore, to the frostiness and dryuess
of our summer climates. Our school gardens were so succesfful last year, the summer
being unusually warm, that several acres were put into vegetables this year in the
vicinity of the boarding school. During the month of June there were severe frosts
which destroyed all but the hardiest vegetables, and even these were soon eaten by
the ground squirrels, which were this year unusually numerous. The only results of
the labors of our pupils in gardening this year will 'be from 4,000 to 5,000 pounds of
potatoes which were raised about 13 miles from the ageucy upon a little patch of
moist land bordering upon the lake and sheltered by a range of mountains on the
east. These mountains on the east and the lake on the west so moderate the temper-
ature as to make the raising of vegetables quite certain on some 2 or 3 acres of
good land. This land, however, is too limited in extent and too far from the school
to be of any avail except for the raising of potatoes and turnips. Even here the
squirrels are becoming numerous, and may hereafter interfere with the raising of
cabbages and turnips.
It is in this vicinity that there lies that body of about 2,000 acres of good land for
.agricultural purposes, provided it can be irrigated from Sprague River, which is some
4 or 5 miles distant. In my last year's report I referred to this land, and to the prac-
ticability of constructing an irrigating ditch ot some miles in extent. Further in-
vestigation has shown that this ditch will have to be somewhat circuitous in order
io get around a projecting mountain, and hence will need to be some 6 miles in length.
They will need aid from the'Governmeut to make such a ditch, but how much I can-
not now estimate. The value of such a body of land divided into small farms would
be very great to the Indians in this vicinity. It would furnish them with steady em-
ployment, and also furnish them with much of the grains, and all the vegetables and
fruits needed.
FREIGHTING.
Last year these Indians earned about $3,000 in freighting for outside parties. This
year their earnings in this direction have been about $5,500. The great difficulties
they labor under in their efforts is, the want of larger, stronger, and more manage-
able horses. Some of them have succeeded in getting tolerably good American
horses. Three of them have managed to purchase good American stallions, and
are thus slowly improving their work animals. The recent purchase of 11 good
young stallions, to be issued to such of them as are most trustworthy, will also be a
great benefit to them, and will, no doubt, in a few years materially improve their
breed of horses. The wagons which have been bought for them during the last three
•or four years have been too light, and built of poor timber. Larger and stronger
wagons have been estimated for but have never been bought. Those they have, be>-
ing too light to use with 4 or 6 horses, are continually breaking and needing repairs.
PROGRESS IX CIVILIZATION.
This is clearly seen by all visitors or persons passing through the reservation. They
invariably express their surprise at the work that has been done and is still being
carried forward. They see many well-built houses and many well-fenced ranches,
as well as a considerable number of horses of American breeding, and a large number
of as fine-looking cattle as can be found in any part of the State. They see a people
who are industrious, energetic, and as temperate as any that can be anywhere found,
and who have discarded their old modes of dress, their Indian dances, their Indian doc-
tors, and the old modes ot living and of burying their dead. Their burial services
are orderly, and their burial outfits are fully equal to the average ones among the
whites. During the last two or three years I have not known a burial where the
coffin has not been covered with a good quality of black cloth or velvet, and where
the trimmings have not been equally good.
As a supplement to what I have written and as pertinent to this part of rny report,
I have copied the introductory part of the report of Rev. T. F. Royal to the Oregon an-
nual conference as a missionary and teacher in our agency boarding school. He savs :
The Indians of this reservation having been formerly assigned by the Government to the care of the
Methodist Episcopal Church, have had superior advantages for several years. Faithful men of God
as agents and wisely chosen employe* have toil.id and .sacrificed in laying deep and broad foundation
work for their Christian civilization. Tribal relations, polygamv, wife-beating, and slavery, the "In-
dian doctors' " superstitions, the heathen dances and orgies, and all forms of idolatry and pairau prej-
udice against Christianity seem to be thoroughly broken up. Instead of these an intense desire for the
arts of civilization and a knowledge of the facts aud'e^perieuces of Mmstiauity has been created ;
respect for the General Government, a high regard for law, and the true spirit of loyalty have been.
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN OREGON. 145
inspired, and the fundamental lesson of wisdom, "the fear of the Lord," has been carefully inculcated
and quite generally received. Of many an Indian here it may he truthfully said, he is "a devout
man, and one that fears God with all his house, which giveth much alms to the people, and prays to
God always ; " and when assembled here in great numbers in their church their solemn, anxious appear-
ance seems to express what Cornelius did in words, " Now, therefore, are we all present before God, to
hear all things that are commanded thee of God." A few individuals give evidence that God hath also
granted to them repentance unto life. The masses, however, are still groping in darkness, with the
growing conviction " that they should seek the Lord, if haply they might feel after him, and find him."
SANITARY CONDITION.
Under this head I do uot think that I can do better than to quote the language of
our agency physician, given in a report just received from him concerning the sani-
tary condition of these Indians.
In this report he says :
The position of agency physician on a reservation such as this, where the Indians have entirely aban-
doned their native medicine men, is one of considerable responsibility and anxiety. Haying laid aside
all efforts of their own, however simple or ineffectual they may have been toward the curing of disease,
they now depend entirely on the physician, expecting him to act also in the capacity of a nurse.
The very best thing the Government can do for these Indians, in order to further their advancement
in this direction, is to furnish suitable hospital accommodations at the agency for the benefit of the
school pupils, and of a few other persons whose cases could only be properly treated at such a place.
"While the children are being instructed in school branches and in.various 'industrial pursuits, they
have no proper conception of the art of caring for or nursing the sick. With good hospital arrange-
ments in connection with the boarding schools, quite a number of pupils could be instructed yearly as
nurses of the sick. The death rate among these Indians during the past year has been large, being:
nearly if not quite equal to the number of births. The majority of deaths have arisen from consump-
tion or from lung complications which have followed the whooping-cough, which was prevalent last
winter. These cases of consumption were mainly among young persons and were the result of a syph-
ilitic taint, inherited from their parents, who about twenty or more years ago came in contact with a low
class of early white settlers and with a degraded soldiery. This constitutional taint has proved, and will
still prove, a serious hindrance to the physical welfare of these Indians. It is only by these Indians,
being freed from the polluting influence of immoral men for one or two generations, and placed entirely
under the care and influence of men of high moral and humanitarian views, that we can hope to see
them grow up into a nation of hearty moral and intelligent people.
Very respectfully,
LINUS M. NICKERSON,
Indian Agent*.
The COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS,
SILETZ INDIAN AGENCY, OREGON,
Augmt 20, 188C
SIR: I have the honor to submit my annual report for the year 1884.
AGRICULTURE.
This has been a peculiar season. The first part of the season was dry and cold ;
was bad for gardens, also for crops. The grain turned yellow. Later came rains
that put the crops ahead so that the yield will be better than last year. What I said
last year in regard to land is true now with the feeling intensified. The Department
has kindly given us some work in the line of surveying.
There is a marked improvement in some directions in regard to settling on the farm
and making homes for themselves. I am very much encouraged in this matter.
The crop of hay is secured, but not in as fine condition as last season. Rains fell
and fogs came so that part of the hay was damaged somewhat. I am still of the^
opinion that good wheat can be raised here, and that we could save to these Indians,
the price of the flour that we buy abroad, if we could get them started ; and the money
to purchase the right kind of seed is wanted.
Number of acres under fence, 3,000; under cultivation, 1,350; new land broken. 100
acres ; new fence and old repaired, 2,000 rods. Some lands classed under cultivation
is in pasturage, making the actual land plowed and sown, also in hay, about 1,000
acres. Average yield of oats, 35 bushels ; hay, 2£ tons ; wheat, 20 bushels ; potatoes,
250 : giving of us oats 22,130 bushels ; wheat, 875 ; potatoes, 26,350 bushels. Of course
these figures are approximated, as at this writing there is no possible way to get an
accurate account of these things.
TRANSPORTATION.
There is a prospect of better transportation facilities. A railroad line is building
from the heart of the valley to the ocean, and will come to Toledo, 8 miles from us.
As soon as that is built there will be a line of steamers plying between our port and
4266 IND 10
146 REPORTS OF AGENTS JN OREGON.
43an Francisco, and also Portland and Yaquina. We have to have our supplies sent to
us earlier. They did not reach us till midwinter this last year and we were greatly
inconvenienced by it. One matter connected with the railroad is a constant annoy-
.ance, and in mentioning it brings me to the police affairs.
I have trouble with the low tramps about whisky, and they tamper with my police
:as well as others. I am happy to say that my captain, appointed a year ago, is faith-
ful to me, and makes an efficient officer. I have to weed out the force occasionally.
Some few are faithful and true. We are just now making some changes.
SANITARY.
I am satisfied that the health of the Indians, taking them altogether, is far better
than it was a year ago. Number of births, 28 ; deaths, 31 recorded ; but I am satisfied
that these figures are not correct, so far as births are concerned. I think there are
more births. Number receiving medical treatment during the year 550, but very many
of these cases were of no moment.
Buildings are not in as bad a condition as one year ago. Thanks to a generous ad-
ministration, we have a good, commodious boarding-house and school-house, furnished
from top to bottom. The long- talked of Alsea houses are now built. By dint of
Sashing, we got them built in time to secure the money allowed us for the purpose.
ur mill needs repairing, and some new buildings put up for agent and employe's.
We need. also a new barn, but these we hope to secure in then ear future. I have said
from the first that lumber was the great desideratum.
EMPLOYES.
With one or two exceptions they have done good service, many of them doing as
•good service as could be asked for; in fact, no person in any position could have better
^service than I had from most of my employds. Most of the exceptions are in the police
force. The teachers I have changed.
Educational work is the great object now. After getting our school-buildings and
getting them furnished we feel that this work is paramount to all other work, and we
have planned to make this year tell ou this line. We .have taken new land for the
school gardens. We have a new school barn ; we have a herd of cows for the school;
•we have a fine lot of brood sows, some chickens, &c., for the school ; we are getting
into shape to drive ahead. Some changes in the employe's, and the help given us by
the Department, will place us on better footing for the future than in the past, and
we shall try to merit your approbation. The work of this year, comparatively speak-
ing, has been preparatory.
Up to this time there have been no children gone from this agency to the Forest
Grove training school, but I have been in correspondence with the superintendent,
-and I expect him here in a few days to take several of them to that institution, where
they can have better advantages in industrial traiuing. We have not the means and
app'urtenances to instruct in trades that the Forest Grove school has, and in this con-
nection I am highly gratified to find a strong desire on the part of leading men among
this people to send their children both to Forest Grove and to our own school.
The church work, under the supervision of the Rev, J. S. McCain, an accredited
minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church, is being looked after energetically, and
we hope to see our church matters overhauled, worked over, and where thistles and
brambles now grow we hope and expect to see roses blooming.
CONCLUSION.
This year, past and gone foiever, with all of its trials, joys, and sorrows, has been
one of hard, unremitting toil. I have gone at every call, night and day, visited the
eick and dying, given of my own means, and when I say this of myself, I can truly
say the same of most of my employes. We have built a new boarding and school-
house, nine houses for the Alsea's, refenced the Government farm, looked after the
whole reservation in such a mariner as that I can without egotism say that I am firmly
of the opinion that the agency is in better condition than one year ago. I have made
three several trips to the Salmon River country. I have made several allotments of
lands to the Indians there. I find that these Indians have been sadly neglected.
Some Tilamook and Nestucca Indians who were induced to come upon the reserve by
Hon. Benj. Simpson under instructions from the Government, have not had the fulfill-
ment of those promises. I intend soon to bring this matter fully before you.
I have looked out a road along the coast connecting that part of the reserve with
Newport at Yaquina Bay. I find that if we had the matter of $1,000 we could build
a road that would give us a market for ail that country and would assist us very much
in inducing our young men to settle that part of the reserve. We need the road.
, REPORTS OF AGENTS IN OREGON. 147
I have not yet instituted the court of Indian offenses, but shall do so in the near
future, as I am now satisfied that there is but little hope of getting any unity of ac-
tion in governing themselves, nor is there patience enough to wait for the results.
Many thanks are due the Commissioner and his assistants for the uniform courtesy
and kindness received from them. In fact, nothing that I have asked for has been
denied me during the year, and I, as an agent, and all connected with me in this
work, feel deeply grateful.
Very respectfully,
F. M. WADSWORTH,
Indian Agent.
The COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
UNITED STATES INDIAN SERVICE,
UMATILLA AGENCY, OREGON,
August 7, 1884.
SIR: In compliance with circular of July 1, 1884, from the Indian Office, I have
the honor to submit my annual report for the years 1883-'84.
This reservation consists of about 268,000 acres of land, situated in Umatilla County,
in the eastern part of the State of Oregon, and through which flows the Umatilla
River, a beautiful stream abounding in fish of nearly every variety. The reserva-
tion is also watered by numerous streams, tributaries of the Umatilla, such as Wild-
Horse, Birch, Butter, Cottonwood, Meacham, and McKay Creeks, and numerous
springs of the purest water ; and in those portions of the reserve where these streams
are not convenient irrigation is easily obtained with but little labor.
About one-fourth of this land consists of timber for building and fuel purposes, and
the supply of the latter is ample for many years to come, but the trees suitable for
building purposes, where the Government saw and shingle mills are located at present
(mouth of Meacham Creek), will, after this season, be about exhausted, and it will be
necessary to move said mill to some other suitable point, as there are vast amounts of
good building material at other places on the reserve which will last a long time.
The Indians who are located here consist of the Walla-Walla, Cayuse, and Uma-
tilla tribes, together with about one hundred and sixty half-breeds or mixed bloods,
principally belonging to the Walla- Walla tribe, and as the latter people have been
principally raised and educated among the whites they are a good acquisition here,
and show directly to the full-blooded Indians the advantages and benefits of civiliza-
tion. As a general rule, however, all of those people are civilized, having lived so
long surrounded on all sides by the white race (thirty years), and the great majority, if
not all, are perfectly well able to enter civilization and take good care of themselves.
In consequence of the large immigration of persons to this country from the East-
ern States, which iis increasing every year, almost every piece of land of any value
in Umatilla County has been located on, and lots of people are awaiting the time
when those Indians here will have their lauds in severalty, so that they may have a
chance to have the balance of the lands thrown open for settlement ; and indeed it
is very natural that this should be so, as the arable land (which is about one-half) is
amongst the finest in Oregon, or indeed in any other State of the Union.
A majority of the Indians here would, I think, be much pleased and satisfied to
have their lands in severalty, properly surveyed, &c., but before this can be done the
whole reservation must be resurveyed, as the old landmarks of the boundaries of the
Moody survey are nearly all obliterated, and constant disputes as to the exact bound-
ary lines are taking place, and always will, until this matter is settled beyond all dis-
pute.
The Indians are, in my opinion, civilized as much as ever they will be.. They are
self-supporting and cost the Government but little beyond giving them a small sup-
ply of agricultural implements, axes, rakes, hoes, scythes, grain-cradles, &c., and
keeping their wagons and plows in repair and helping them to build their houses, which
with my small number of employe's (three) I try to do as much as possible. I am pleased
to be able to state that there is a great improvement within the past year amongst
the Indians, nearly all of whom are now and have been busily employed in fencing,
and doing all kinds of farming work, and it is very seldom you will see any adult In-
dian doing nothing, or loafing around on this reservation.
There are now under fence 13,000 acres, and about 12,000 acres under cultivation.
This includes the farms of the mixed-bloods, who reside principally on Wild Horse and
vicinity, and the estimated crops this season will amount to 40,000 bushels of wheat
and about 23,000 bushels of corn, barley, and oats, besides a large amount of cereals of
all kinds, melons, squash, pumpkins, potatoes, &c., nearly three times as much as ever
148 REPORTS OF AGENTS IN OREGON.
before ; so that their condition with but few exceptions is remarkably good. Although
the crickets caused serious damage to several farms on the Too-to- willow (southwest
of agency), also at the school and agency gardens — yet at the larger part of the res-
ervation they were not found, fortunately. In fact, the Indians are more and more
impressed every day with the necessity of working for their own living, and being
independent of all assistance from the Government, except in certain cases, and if
they keep on as they have been doing, they will soon be entirely independent. My
employe's have helped to put up six houses for them, and they themselves have put
up about seven others ; all materials paid for by themselves as well as the expenses
of cutting the logs and sawing the lumber and 'shingles. Nearly all of the families
want houses, and they are now engaged in getting out logs, preparatory to the saw-
ing of the lumber at the mill, and so soon as they get through with their harvesting
will no doubt commence building.
The 640 acres authorized to be sold to Pendleton, for the enlargement of that town,
per act of Congress of August 5, 1862, was sold in town lots after survey and being
appraised by the duly appointed commissioners, at public auction in May last. The
amount realized I have not learned officially, but I know the lots, or most of them,
were sold at a good price.
The institution of the police court for the trial and punishment of Indian oifeuses
on reservations, as per instructions of March 3, 1883, has worked admirably and made
a radical change, especially among the young men of the tribes, for the better, as all
disorders or offenses that come before the judges here are inexorably punished, and
the police force are active and zealous in suppressing all disorders, and reporting
such cases as might require the action of the court, which cases I am glad to say are
not many, and the principal ones, as usual, caused by whisky.
There have been during the past year some half dozen of whites, 4 Indians, and 1
Chinaman sent to Portland for trial before the United States district court for selling
or disposing of liquor to Indians; but as they all plead " guilty " and give the usual
excuse of ignorance of the law, the punishments awarded are but slight and tend
more to the encouragement of this business than its suppression and makes the mat-
ter a mere farce, but a very expensive one for the Government, as every person sent
from Pendleton to Portland for trial costs the Government nearly $100, whereas the
fines are usually but from $5 to $25. As I have before reported, as well as, indeed, as
the honorable Commissioner himself in his annual reports, the only way to at all sup-
press this most nefarious traffic is to punish on conviction, the full penalty allowed
by law in every case, as this plea of " guilty " or ignorance of the law, so far as this
vicinity is concerned, is all nonsense, as I am confident that there is not a single person
of any intelligence, of whatever race or color, in this vicinity, but what well knows
they are committing a serious offense against the laws of the United States whenever
they either sell or give liquor to an Indian on or oif the reservation. Until the se-
verest penalty is imposed for this offense it is useless to try and stop it. In fact, as
you so ably state in your last annual report, all of those Indians should be under the
jurisdiction of the laws of the State in which they reside, both for protection and
otherwise ; and it is my impression that both the whites and the Indians would be far
better satisfied than they are now. I am pleased to be able to state that this vice of
drunkenness is not increasing here, as, in almost every instance, it is the same per-
sons, and a very small number, too, who are guilty of this offense. The greater part
of the Indians do not indulge in this vice.
The Oregon Railway and Navigation Company's road from Pendletou to Center-
ville, as per right of way and contract with the Indians, forwarded September 4, 1883,
has been completed some time ago and the terms of the agreement faithfully complied
with on both sides. In fact, the employe's of the road audthe Indians get along in the
most friendly manner together. The officers of the company rigidly exact the observ-
ance of the intercourse laws and faithfully comply in all respects with the terms of
their contract. As was to be expected, some cattle and horses have been killed and
otherwise injured on the road, but they have all been promptly settled for and in a
satisfactory manner to all parties concerned.
One of the Indian policemen, named William, was shot and killed by white men on
the 13th of May last (duly reported at that time), and, from the evidence adduced,
without cause. The men, whose names are Anderson and Bamhart, were held by the
examining justice at Pendleton without bail to appear before the grand jury of Uma-
tilla County at the June term of the State district court, but notwithstanding the fact
that the grand jury found a true bill against both for murder in the first degree, yet
at their trial before the district court at Pendleton, as I expected, they were ac-
quitted. As the crime was committed on the reservation those men were immedi-
ately rearrested by the United States marshal and taken to Portland before the United
States district judge, who at once placed them under $5,' '00 bonds each to appear before
his court for trial at the next term, which, I understand, is in October. The bonds
were furnished. The Indians were much excited at first, but now appear very reti
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN OREGOX. 149
cent, on the subject, doubtless awaiting the action of the United States authorities in
the premises. William, the murdered man, was one of the very best Indians here,
well known to the merchants and other persons in Pendleton for his integrity, sobriety,
and other good qualities; but since the Bannock war of 1878 the prejudice against
Indians here is very great, although it has never been satisfactorily proven that any
of the Indians of this reservation were engaged with the hostilesat that time, but, on
the contrary, a large number were engaged and had several fights with the hostiles
on behalf ot the whites.
The customs of the scalp, or sun dances, or other barbarous rites that used to be
observed, are no longer known here ; and the occupation of the so-called medicine
men is a thing of the past. Every Indian (or nearly so) who is sick or unwell, goes
now to the agency physician for medicine and treatment, which shows a good deal
of progress among them, to s iy the least.
The boarding school established here, and in operation since January, 18S3, has
been very successful, and the progress made by the children, under the able efforts
of the teachers, very satisfactory and gratifying. The school has now 72 scholars
(34 boys and 38 girls), and their attainments in reading, writing, English speaking,
geography, history, &c., as well as plain and fancy sewing, knitting, and all kinds
of household work, suitable to their age, have been rapid. At the examination held
at the school June ^9 last, previous to the annual vacation, and which was attended
by a great many of our most prominent citizens, ladies and gentlemen, all expressed
themselves not only as well pleased but greatly astonished at the proficiency displayed
by the pupils of both sexes, especially in so short a time ; and the question of civilizing
the coming race of these Indians is 110 longer problematical.
Thanks to the generous munificence of the Department, the school is amply pro-
vided with everything sufficient for a sound, practical education, the children are
well and comfortably clothed, and the provisions furnished are of a superior quality.
The main building is now thoroughly renovated and painted throughout; also an addi-
tion of a good dining room and kitchen has been put up last spring, and there is now
under construction a bath and wash house and wood shed, all of which has been au-
thorized and approved by the Department. • The health of the children has been good,
and every effort has been and will continue to be made by every person concerned to
improve and teach them all the elements of a proper civilization, in accordance with
the noble and generous policy of our Government.
There have been fourteen deaths during the year, including one suicide (which
seldom occurs), and one homicide, reported above ; the rest wore mostly cases of a
chronic character of long standing, a few of which are still on hand, and always will
be most probably, particularly among the old people. The general health of the res-
ervation, however, has been good.
The seeds for planting purposes purchased for the agency and school were duly dis-
tributed, and very fortunately of those for the agency I distributed* a good many to
some of the poorer Indians, and with good results, as the crickets did not trouble their
little farms this season — as they did the agency and school gardens as well as the
Too to-willow farms, causing serious damage.
I have forwarded during the year a large number of depredations claims arising
from the Indian war of 1878, and some of 1855-'56, and recommended them (except
one) for favorable action after a strict compliance to the best of my ability with the
rules and regulations furnished me on the subject.
In January last the agency blacksmith shop was partly destroyed by fire, the loss,
however, consisted but of 250 bushels of charcoal, among which the fire accident-
ally took place, as all the iron, steel, tools, &c., were saved, owing to the exertions
of ourselves and some Indians who happened to be at the agency at the time. There
are no arrangements here of any account against fire, and although it is hardly pos-
sible to be more careful about "fire than we are, yet it is possible that such a thing
might occur, and more particularly so at the school-house, which might (if such
should unfortunately happen) prove very serious. I will forward to the Department
in a short time some recommendations on this subject for the action of the Depart-
ment.
In conclusion I beg to express my thanks to the honorable Commissioner and all
other officers of the Department for the promptness and courtesy extended to me in
all my official transactions, as also for valuable advice and instructions in the per-
formance of official duty. I also have to express my thanks to Hon. J. F. Watson
United States district attorney, for valuable advice and assistance in regard to In-
dian matters.
Statistics of agency and school are herewith respectfully iuclosed.
I have the honor to be, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
E. J. SOMMERVILLE,
Indian Agent.
The COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
150 REPORTS OF AGENTS IN OREGON.
WARM SPRINGS AGENCY, OREGON,
August 15, 1864.
SIR : I have the honor to make my first annual report, as directed in your circular
letter dated July 1, 1884.
On assuming- my duties as agent, on the ^d of last March, I found that the public
property showed unmistakable signs of age and decay, and all needing repairs very
much, the progress of which I find to be very slow, in consequence of a lack of a
sufficient number of employe's to successfully carry on the agency work, much less
to make very rapid advancement in improvements. All the buildings are old and
arranged with a seeming view to being inconvenient. The farm (if it would be
proper to call it a farm) is located some three miles from the agency; inclosed with
only an apology for a^ fence; the ground foul with cockle, and other noxious plants;
and in this connection it atfords fiie pleasure to say that, in very many instances, the
Indians have risen far above the Government, in both buildings and in farming, show-
ing clearly that if the Government will only teach by precept and example rather
than by words, that the people here will soon become civilized, and sufficiently in-
formed in regard to the laws and fundamental principles of our Government, to be-
come citizens, and tfrus relieve the Government of their care and especial protection ;
a thing certainly much to be desired by all those who have the interest of the Gov-
ernment, as well as of the Indian at heart.
SCHOOLS.
In regard to schools, I would say that when I came here I found one school in sue"
cessful operation at Sin-e-ma-sho, in so far as the means at the hands of the teach"
ers would admit. On June 6 I started a boarding school at this place, the de-
mands of the Indians being so great for another school, although the buildings were
totally unfit for a school of any kind, much less a boarding school. The buildings
occupied are in a very poor state of repair, and as I had not the means to repair them
1 was compelled to use them as the best that could be done. Some of the windows
were broken out entirely, sash and all, and I was compelled to board them up, as
there was no material here for repairing any kind of buildings. The furniture was
very primitive in its make-up, more so than the people that are to be taught, and un-
less there are new school houses built and furnished, the schools at, this agency must
be discontinued, a thing much to be deplored, inasmuch as the Indians are very anx-
ious to have their children taught at least a fair English education. They look
forward to the day when their children will have an education and have a sufficient
knowledge of our laws andcustoins to become citizens; for they regard our people as
being great and wise in all things; and could they only attain to that degree of intel-
ligence and civilization that we hav reached, they regard it as all that they would
need to complete their happiuess and prosperity, which is natural, there being a
wide difference in our modes and success in life and their own. And they are firm be-
lievers in education, as the only channel through which they can reach to that degree
of civilization that we as a nation have risen to. Their children compare favorably
with the white children in school, so far as books go, and they are much easier gov-
erned, but more indoleut when it coine.s to physical labor than the white children.
In fact some of them are rather inclined to indolence when it comes to other work,
other than their studies in school, and this is one of the defects that the teacher has
to constantly guard against. And in this connection I would remark that I regard
it as absolutely necessary that almost the whole energies of the Government, in so far
as they relate to the Indians, should be directed toward schools and agriculture, with
a moderate degree of attention to the trades.
But, however, I think unless there can be good schools established and maintained
here, with good, comfortable, and convenient buildings for such schools, with compe-
tent and a sufficient number of teachers and assistants, it is almost a waste of time
and money to carry on an agency school, for, while the child is getting his education he
naturally falls into the way of half doing things in conformity with his surroundings;
i. e., "anything is good enough," which seems to have been the motto here in the past,
judging from the Government buildings. My remarks can only be appreciated by
viewing our surroundings. There are now two schools established at this agency,
and nearly half the children of school age upon this reservation attend these schools.
What children attend do so without any compulsion or persuasion, and more have
voluntarily come in than could be accommodated comfortably. I think there is no
doubt but what over three-fourths of the children would come to school, with their
own or their parents' free volition, could we only provide for them; but as it is they
cannot be provided for; hence may go without any opportunity to get an education.
CIVILIZATION.
The Indians here seem to be growing steadily but slowly into civilized habits.
Nearly all have adopted some of the habits of the whites, while a majority have taken
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN OREGON. 151
quite a decided step toward the modes and habits of our own people, and especially
the young who have attended school show a decided preference for the customs be-
longing to civilization, but, of course, are held back somewhat by the prejudices of
the old people. The latter are, as a rule, conservative and "stand by their time -hon-
ored customs aud principles," as handed down to them by tradition ; but this class will
soon pass away, aud the young who are, or at least should be, educated will take the
places of their parents, and intelligence will rule instead of superstition.
MORALS.
As to the morals of the Indians upon this reservation, they will compare favorably
with other agencies, and in fact would compare rather favorably with many commu-
nities among civilized races. There is scarcely any drunkenness upon the reserva-
tion and but little theft. They are, as a rule, peaceful, and try to observe the laws of
the reservation, as well as the laws of the State when they are off the reservation..
They seem to think it a duty to be law-abiding, showing conclusively that they have?
had good moral training in the past.
MEDICINE MEN.
One of the greatest hindrances to the advancement of the Indian here is the medf-
ciue man, who opposes everything that is likely to elevate the people. He is ex-
tremely conservative; he is tyrannical, indolent, worthless, aud dishonest. He only
studies how he may deceive his people so as to gain a living without earning it ; and
he succeeds only too well in his pretended necromancy. And either through fear, ig-
norance, or superstition there are none but what admit his power to cure or kill at
will. It is perfectly natural for all when sick to hunt relief, and the Indians, like our
own people, are continually catching at every quack nostrum that is presented tov
them that claims to benefit the patient. The magnetic healer, or the patent nostrum-
vender, live and thrive in the midst of people who have attained to the highest de-
gree of intelligence. Then it is not to be wondered at that the Indian, who is very
superstitious, should be a firm believer in their doctors and naturally look to them*
for relief when sick. Only by education and the dissemination of knowledge can the-
medicine man be deprived of his influence among the Indians.
AGRICULTURE.
Next in importance to education to the Indian is agriculture. Without it all else*
would be comparatively useless. It will not only keep up civilization, but it is one
of the greatest auxiliaries to its promotion, and the benefits to be derived by the In-
dian from husbandry are many fold, even though it be in the most simple form.. When
the Indian sees a small tract of land by cultivation yielding himself and family a good
living he naturally arrives at the conclusion that the ways of his savage life are not
as good as the ways of his more fortunate white neighbor. He sees that the new way
always insures himself and those depending upon him a sure living from a small piece
of land, while by his old way it took many hundreds of acres for his support, and that
support only meager at the best ; he longs for a change that will better his condition,
and only wants the knowledge how to make the change to at once do it. The In-
dians on this reservation have made very fair progress in farming, some raising a
surplus, others enough to supply their own wants, while quite a number only raise
but a few bushels of grain, &c., and still a class that do not make any pretensions at
farming at all. This reservation, taken as a whole, is not well adapted to farming;
is much better for grazing purposes than for farming, but there is enough farming-
land here for all to have a home, if they desire it, and most of them do, so far as I
know. I would regard it as wisdom to encourage farming as much as possible, and
allot the Indians lands in severalty, so that each one would feel that he was living;
upon his own place, and not only his, but that which is to be his children's after Mm,
and they would reap the fruits of his labor.
RELIGIOUS WORK.
There is a church organization at this agency. The religious work, as far as I ana
informed, has been mainly carried on by my predecessor, Capt. John Smith, assisted
by some of his employe's. Agent Smith died January 18, 1884, after a protracted ill-
ness. He left this agency on account of ill health early last fall, never to return,
leaving in charge his clerk, who had been here with him over six years, and who car-
ried on the religious work at this agency after the agent left, and also since his death.
Sabbath services were also held regularly at Sin-e-ma-sho, conducted by one of the
152 REPORTS OF AGENTS IN OREGON.
teachers. The religious teachings of the past, I find are not forgotten, and though
lie through whose instrumentality a church was organized, and whose efforts kept it
up, and increased its membership, has passed away, yet his influence still lives. His
long service here and earnest work, in trying to elevate and Christianize these Indians,
will ever be remembered.
STATISTICAL.
A brief summary of the statistics accompanying this report gives the following
iigures :
There are as near as can be determined 819 Indians belonging to this reservation ;
males, 392 ; females, 427. During the year ending July 31, there were 40 births and
25 deaths, giving a gain of 15 over last, year's report, as far as births and deaths are
•concerned ; but there is a loss of 5 by removal, and these were Piutes. Of the differ-
ent tribes occupying this reservation thereare, then, Warm Springs* 427; Wascoes,261 ;
'Temnoes, 74 ; John Days, 52 ; Piutes, 5. There are 80 adults and youths who can
read. There is one church building and 63 church members, Indians, and 4 white.
!No contributions have been made during the year from any religious societies or other
parties. Nearly all the Indians wear citizens' dress, and all do more or less.
Of lands cultivated, I estimate 2,000 acres, but owing to very hot weather early in
the season a part of the grain sown was destroyed, so that I estimate only 4,000 bush-
els wheat ; 1,000 bushels oats ; 200 bushels corn, and other grain in smaller quantities.
Of stock I estimate (5,000 horses ; 500 head of cattle, and 350 of sheep. There was
^33,000 feet of lumber sawed, but only 5 houses were built, owing to the want of car-
penters, and the limited supply of nails, &c. I think fully ten-sixteenths of their
subsistence was obtained by labor in civilized pursuits, and six-sixteenths by fishing,
hunting, &c.
An industrial and boarding school was maintained at the Sin-e-ma-sho Valley for
eleven and a half months, or up to the 18th ultimo. Total number of scholars attend-
ing one month or more during the year, was 38. Average attendance, 26£f . Largest
average one month, was 34-^, and was in March last. The day school at this agency
was discontinued June 30, 1883, and was reorganized as a boarding school June 6,
present year. Whole number of scholars attending one month or more was 33. Av-
erage attendance, 27-£. Largest average one month, was 28|| in July last. At the
present time both schools are having a vacation until the 1st of September.
COURT OF INDIAN OFFENSES.
This court has been organized, but not fully, and the sessions have been rather ir-
regular. It does not seem to be well adapted to Indians situated, and as much civi-
lized, as are these. In my judgment it would be better to adopt the criminal code of
the several states and Territories wherein reservations are situated, and try all cases
by such laws. One hindrance here is the absence of a good jail. It may not be often
needed, but it is an important factor in dealing with refractory offenders.
SUPPLEMENTARY TREATY.
I find on record what purports 1o be a supplementary treaty with the confederated
tribes and bands in Middle Oregon and the United States, executed November 15,
1865, on the part of the Government by Superintendent of Indian Affairs J. W. Peret
Huntington, and on the part of the Indians by the headmen, as Mark, Kuckup, Billy
-Chinook, ard others, which is beyond a doubt a forgery on the part of .the Govern-
ment in so far as it relates to the Indians ever relinquishing their right to the fish-
eries on the Columbia River; and as a matter of justice to the Indians, as well as to
the Government, the matter should be made right and satisfactory to the Indians as
soon as possible, for as it now stands it is very unsatisfactory to them ; and I would
not deem it the part of wisdom to in any way shake their faith in the belief that the
Government will do them justice, for when once you have lost the confidence of the In-
dian it is difficult to get along with him or to do business. As both the agents that pre-
ceded me, Captain Mitchell and the late Captain Smith, have called the attention of the
Government to the alleged supplementary treaty, I hope that now some attention
will be given to the matter. All the Indians say emphatically that when the treaty
was read to them no mention was made as to their giving up the right to fish. All
that was said was that they were to agree not to leave the reservation without get-
ting passes, and, as an inducement for them to agree to this, they were promised 30
head of oxen and 100 blankets, and they agreed to this. The 30 oxen, I presume,
represented the $3,000 mentioned in this treaty, and the blankets, &c., the $500; in
all, $3,500. They received the cattle, &c., as stipulated, but never knew until a few
days ago that the treaty made mention of any definite sum of money. The fact is
they were wilfully and wickedly deceived.
REPORT OF AGENT IN TEXAS. 153
AGENCY BUILDINGS.
Perhaps out of charity for the former agents at this agency, I should refrain from
making any further mention of the public buildings here. In. appearauce there is
nothing to commend them. The dwelling-houses for the employes are old and com-
paratively worthless and badly in need of repairs, if it is the intention to have them
occupied for some years to come. It is but justice to my immediate predecessor, Cap-
tain Smith, to say 'that he called attention to their condition several years ago, but
he had not since that time been furnished with the means to keep them in repair and
at the same time make new improvements, while some of those who preceded him
who had ample help and funds at their command to erect good substantial buildings
made no adequate showing for the means furnished them, only on paper as it appears,
by giving rose-colored reports to the Government of the extensive improvements
made at this agency, when in fact there is nothing to show that the funds were
judiciously expended and for the greatest good of the Indians.
<
FARMING IMPLEMENTS.
The implements used here in farming as a rule are very inferior, and in most in-
stances worn out. As to labor-saving machinery, there is but one mower on the reser-
vation, and that is the private property of an Indian. They cut their grain as a rule
with the ordinary mowing scythe, or old-fashioned grain cradle, while some have to
use the old reaping hook. The plows, when new, are not such as would sell among
farmer's in this vicinity, not being considered a good plow for working our soil. Some
use harrows with wooden teeth, while others, more fortunate, use iron-tooth harrows.
There is no machinery of any kind tha1 will clean grain lit for sowing, in consequence
of which the land has became very foul, so much so that a crop can scarcely be raised
except on the newest lands Hence the necessity for the Government, to remedy the
many defects in the present system of farming, furnishing the Indians with better im-
plements to work with.
As farming is now carried on it is at best only a drudgery, and it is only the Indian's
wants and desires that keeps him on the farm. Agriculture is one of the great civil-
izers of men, and it certainly will be the part of wisdom on the part of the Govern-
ment to make more liberal expenditures in the future than it has in the past ; for as
soon as the Indian becomes self-reliant and self supporting it relieves the Govern-
ment from any further care, so far as he is concerned ; and instead of being an ex-
pense he becomes a tax payer au-1 a citizen, a thing that the Government and the
agent should try to bring about at as early a date as possible.
CAPT. JOHN SMITH.
In making my annual report, it would hardly be complete did I not make some
more mention of the late agent, Capt. John Smith, who had charge of this agency
almost continuously for the last twenty years previous to my taking charge of the
same. He labored honestly and faithfully in discharging his duties. One of his great-
est desires in life seemed to be to elevate* and civilize the Indians under his care, and
he never tired or faltered by the wayside in carrying out his purposes. He taught
not only by precept, but by the example of his e very-day life, what was right for them
to follow and imitate, and warned them of the evils around them, and admonished
them to ever do right. Thus for the last twenty years of his eventful life he had
been doing his greatest work, faithfully discharging his many duties, and at last, in a
ripe old age, he gave up this life, with the consciousness of having done all things
well, the Indians feeling that they had lost one of their truest friends, and the Gov-
ernment may well feel that it has lost a faithful and honest officer.
Respectfullv submitted,
ALONZO GESNER,
Indian Agent.
The COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
TONKAWA SPECIAL AGENCY, FORT GRIFFIN, TEXAS,
August 9, 1884.
SIR: In compliance with instructions received from your office, I have the honor to
submit the following as my annual report of the affairs at, this agency.
The Indians under my charge consist of 78 Tonkawas and 19 Lipans. These two
tribes are so intermixed that, for all purposes of this report, they may be considered
as belonging to one tribe. Between these Indians and the whites there exists the most
154 REPORT OF AGENT IN TEXAS.
cordial relation, the latter well remembering of what inestimable value were the Ton-
kawas during the troubles with the Comanches and Kiowas, only a few years since.
Not a single case of difficulty between the Indians and whites has come under rny ob-
servation since I took charge here nearly three years ago.
During the mouth of December, at several different times, the Indians suffered the
loss of thirteen ponies in all, five of which were recovered, and there is strong prob-
ability of more being recovered soon. This place being only about 100 miles from the
border of the Indian Territory, it is easy for thieves to steal ponies and get them across
the line almost before the the theft is discovered. The last raid which was made the
thieves secured six ponies, but beiugclosely pursued by the Indians and deputy sheriff
they were forced to abandon the stolen stock in order to make good their own escape.
The liquor traffic with my Indians I consider entirely broken up, not a single cane
of drunkenness having come to my knowledge for more than a year. In this good work
I have been ably seconded by the county sheriff and his deputies. Threecases against
whites for selling liquor to Indians, continued from last year, were tried before the
United States district court for the northern district o£ Texas, at Graham, Tex., at the
February term, but the prosecution failed to convict, simply because Indian testimony,
on which we had principally to rely, was not considered of any weight by the jury.
Nevertheless these prosecutions have had a salutary effect upon the violators of the
law, as it brought them to a comprehension of the fact that they were subjecting
themselves to a prosecution, even if there was a small chance of their conviction.
The Indians have, on a limited scale, tried farming again this summer, but the re-
sult is a total failure, as has been the case every year since I have been here. In the
spring everything gave promise of a bountiful yield, but the dry weather coming on
in J.uue completely ruined every prospect. It is abundantly proven that neither
white man nor Indian can make a success of farming in this country so long as the
climate remains as it is present.
The Tonkawas and Lipans have been occupying lands belonging to private parties,
and it has been through the kindness of those parties that the Indians were allowed
to remain here. Were the Indians going to remain here another year it would be abso-
lutely necessary that the Indian Department provide them with'land,. either leased or
purchased.
The buildings occupied by the agent, for public purposes, have been rented from
private parties, at reasonable rates.
For the support, civilization and instruction of the Tonkawa Indians, for the fiscal
year ending June 30, 1884, there was appropriated by Congress the sum of $3,000.
This amount was hardly sufficient to keep the Indians from actual want, aside from
the other objects for which the money was intended. In this part of Texas game is
very scarce, and these Indians are forced to depend almost entirely upon the Govern-
ment for their subsistence. By hunting and working at odd jobs they have managed
to clothe themselves after a fashion, but the fashion is rather a poor one.
In the way of schools I presume this agency is behind every other agency in the
United States, and I am forced to report no progress in this important direction.
It has been expected for the past two years that a change in the location of these
Indians would be made, and now, I am pleased to say, there is every reason to believe
that the time is near at hand when the long-desired change is to take place. Active
preparations are being made for their removal from this place to the Quapaw Reser-
vation, in the Indian Territory, and there I trust they may have the same advantages
as to schools and churches as other tribes not half so deserving have had for years
past. Had the Tonkawas followed in the footsteps of their neighbors, the Comanches
and Kiowas, and taken up arms against the whites, instead of assisting the whites
against their red brethren, they, too, might be enjoying the advantages of a good res-
ervation, large herds of cattle, and, in short, all the advantages enjoyed by the Co-
rnanches, who formerly roamed over the immense plains of this portion of Texas, kill-
ing the defenseless whites and driving off their stock. On the contrary the Tonka-
was, on account of affiliating with the white settlers and United States soldiers, suf-
fered a loss of about 400 men, women, and children at the hands of the Comanches
and Kiowas. Having no reservation, they are forced to depend upon the miserable
pittance granted them by a generous (?) Government, a sum hardly sufficient to keep
soul and body together. I trust that the time of their deliverance is at hand, and on
their new reservation in the Indian Territory they may be dealt with in a manner
worthy of the great service they have rendered their country.
I have not found it necessary to organize a court of Indian offenses at this agency,
but I satisfied myself that was impracticable. The principal difficulty I encountered
was to find persons suitable for the position who were willing to sit in judgment on
their fellows, especially when there is no salary attached to the office and when
there is great chance of incurring the enmity of members of the tribe. None of the
offenses characterized as Indian offenses have been committed at this agency, to my
knowledge, since the orders relating thereto have been promulgated.
The health of the Indians at this agency this year has been better than for any pre-
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN UTAH. 155
vious year within my knowledge. Four deaths have taken place and three births.
There "being no physician here authorized to treat the sick, they are forced to rely
upon their own medicine men, and, to do the latter justice, they sometimes perform
seemingly wonderful cures by means of their medicines. There is a slight increase in
the number of ponies, cattle,' and poultry over the number reported last year, but the
gain was not as great as it might have been had the Indians possessed a fixed place
of abode. Before the time comes again for the report of the condition of these In-
dians I trust a change will have taken place for the better.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
ELIAS CHANDLER,
Second Lieutenant Sixteenth Infantry, Acting Indian Agent.
The COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
OURAY INDIAN AGENCY, UTAH TERRITORY,
August 10, 1884.
SIR : In compliance with instructions contained in circular from office of Indian
Affairs dated July 1, 1884, I have the honor to submit the following as my first an-
nual report :
I assumed charge of this agency on the 15th day of November, 1883, relieving my
predecessor, J. F. Minniss, since which time I have endeavored to perform the duties
of the office in accordance with instructions received.
The agency is located at the junction of Green and White Rivers, near the western
line of the reservation, about 35 miles southeast of Fort Thornburgh and 160 miles
from Green River City, Wyo., the nearest railroad station.
The Indians belonging to this agency are known as the Tabequache band of IT tea
and number, as shown by the last census, taken January, 1884, 652 males and 598
females — 1,250 in all. They are remarkably peaceful, quiet, and temperate in their
habits. I have never seen one of them under the influence of intoxicating liquors
since I came among them.
This spring 1 succeeded in getting 23 of my Indians to commence farming in a small
-way, 11 on Dnchesne and 12 on White River, and with the assistance of the agency em-
ploye's broke up and planted about 118 acres in wheat, oats, corn, potatoes, and gar-
den truck. Just after they had all planted and in good shape the flood came and
destroyed everything on the White River farms ; the crops on the Duchesne, however,
promise well.
The buildings at this agency are all of a temporary character, built of rouud logs
with mud roofs, insufficient for proper storage and quarters for agents and employe's.
No schools have been established at this agency or missionary work been performed
during the year.
There has been no crime committed on this reservation during the year punishable
by law.
The sanitary condition of these Indians is good. During the past year there have
been 13 deaths and 32 births reported. There are only three cases of venereal disease
among them and they are of longstanding.
A new survey of this reservation is very much needed in order to settle beyond dis-
pute the boundary line. This unsettled question is a source of constant difficulty be-
tween the Indians and the whites, especially upon the eastern boundaries.
The unparalleled severity of the past winter and the floods this spring and summer
have told heavily on the stock cattle on this reservation, many of them having
been drowned. I estimate the loss at from 20 to 25 per cent.
The annual statistical report of the agency is herewith inclosed.
Very respectfully,
J. F. GARDNER,
Indian Agent.
The COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
UINTAH VALLEY AGENCY, UTAH TERRITORY,
August 21, 1884.
SIR : In compliance with Department instructions I have the honor to submit the
following as my second annual report of affairs pertaining to this agency and the
Indians under my charge.
156 REPORTS OF AGENTS IN UTAH.
A careful census of these Indians was taken early in January, which has been
changed as births and deaths occurred. The complete census is as follows :
White River Utes:
Men over 18 years 149
Women over 14 years 160
Boys between 6 and 16 years 76
Girls between 6 and 16 years 59
Boys under 6 years 43
Girls under 6 years 44
531
Uintah Utes :
Men over 18 years 143
Women over 14 years 157
Boys between 6 and 16 years 71
Girls between 6 and 16 years 54
Boys under 6 years 55
Girls under 6 years 48
528
Total 1,059
While we have had to contend with innay difficulties, incident to the growth and
development of the country around the reservation, the increased facilities to obtain
intoxicating drinks, the attractions of gambling and horse-racing in the neighboring
settlements, I am pleased to be able to report steady progress in civilization, kind
disposition of the Indians toward the agent and his employe's, and withal a successful
year.
FARMING AND AGRICULTURE.
Comparing my accompanying statistical report with previous ones, it will be ob-
served that the Indians have more land under cultivation than ever before. They
have tilled about 265 acres, planted to oats, wheat, and potatoes, a little corn, and
some garden vegetables. In previous years they have used the agency teams to do
a large part of their plowing ; this season they did all their farm work with their
own teams. The past was a very severe winter ; the spring was fully six weeks
backward. Cereals are usually planted in March ; this year very little sowing could
be done before May. The Indians were discouraged and did not take hold of farm
work with much- enthusiasm. Feeling confident that the season would be too short
to mature wheat, I advised them to sow oats instead. Their oats will be their
principal crop. I anticipate the real reason of this is in the fact that many cattle
and ponies died last winter from starvation on account of unusually severe weather.
The Indians are now harvesting their oats. We estimate that they will have 3,900
bushels of oats. The wheat crop, not yet harvested, will probably fall a little under
2,000 bushels, and they may have 1,000 bushels of potatoes. Our reaper was out of
repair, so cradles and sickles were issued to the Indians and they have cut most of
their grain themselves. My farmer has superintended most of their work. Their
farms are for the most part located on the river bottoms, 5 to 10 miles from the
agency. It is impossible for one farmer to do them justice, much of his time being
consumed in going and coming.
The Indians have built 4,000 rods of good pole fence during the year. They have
made a good road, 8 miles long, into the Uiutah Canon over which they haul their
wood and logs. The employe's put up about 50 tons of hay for agency use and the
Indians have made as much more. The Indians are expected to pay for their hay in
work in the hay-field. It is safe to estimate that these Indians raise one-third of
their subsistence supplies; one-third they obtain from the chase, and one-third is
issued to them in Government rations. Each year witnesses an increase in the num-
ber that would be self-sustaining if they were* thrown upon their own resources. I
observe that the more thrifty are the most persistent in drawing their little portions
of flour, sugar, and coffee, and they would be the first to rebel if supplies were cut
off. I am convinced that far better results would be accomplished by employing
more practical farmers, more mechanics and artisans, and curtailing the subsistence
supplies.
STOCK.
Four or five Uintahs own a large per cent of all Indian cattle on the reservatio
However, a number have purchased one, two, or three cows during the year, for the
most part exchanging ponies for them. The old White River herd has dwindled down
to about 150 head. Such a small herd is of no practical use to au agency. Much
good would be accomplished by adding a few hundred heifers to the herd and dis-
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN UTAH. 157
tributing all among the Indians. This purchase could be made with funds, " removal
and support of confederated bands of Utes," of which there is a balance to the credit
of these Indians. They take excellent care of the cattle they have. I have never
known them to kill their cows or young stock except in extreme cases. I have im-
pressed upon them in council and personally the utter uselessuess of their ponies and
the great profit in raising cattle. I believe they only need to be started.
SCHOOL.
The agency boarding school did not open till the 19th of November. It was main-
tained till the last of June with an average attendance of 19 pupils. The employe's
consisted of a teacher, matron, and cook. The cost of each pupil, including salaries of
teachers, has been $108.83. The expense of the school has been entirely sustained by
the Department. The pupils made gratifying progress during the short time school
was in session. They had regular hours for work. The boys in the autumn and
winter cut all the wood for the school-room and kitchen and in the spring they
were taught gardening. The girls were taught sewing, washing, cooking, and gen-
eral housework. I regret that no industrial shops are connected with the school. I
do not expect to make scholars out of these children, but I do hope to teach them
habits of industry and carefulness. They possess bright minds, but the new pupils
are not able to speak a word of English and being constantly thrown in contact with
their home associates they naturally acquire it slowly. Great results can be reached
only by sending the Indian youth to Eastern industrial schools, where they will he
entirely free from tribal relations.
DRUNKENNESS.
We have been greatly annoyed during the year by drunken Indiana. I first adopted
the plan of putting the drunken Indians in jail. This was not a permanent relief.
The latter part of May I employed two Indian detectives who succeeded in obtaining
evidence against a white man of Ashley, Utah. He was arrested, but being able to
secure bonds was let loose, and began immediately to sell whisky again. He was
again arrested the latter part of June and taken to jail at Salt Lake City forthe action
of the grand jury in September. Since that time I have not seen an intoxicated In-
dian. The Indians will all drink if they can get whisky. In a drunken row in June
one of our policemen was shot and killed, and another Indian severely wounded. On
several different occasions Indians have been fined for drunkenness and disturbing the
peace.
POLICE FORCE.
Our police force numbers 7 in all — 1 officer and 6 sergeants and privates. They
are not as efficient as I could wish. The salary is so inconsiderable that it is not pos-
sible to secure the best men. Their intentions are good ; they will do anything if
told, but they are not aggressive. /
LAND IN SEVERALTY.
In several of my monthly reports during the year I have given my views upon the
question of having the arable land of the reservation sectioned and surveyed and al-
lotted to the Indians. The question of boundary lines between Indian farms is con-
stantly arising. This matter cannot be satisfactorily adjusted till the land is defined
by metes and bounds in actual survey. The natural jealousy between these two tribes
of Indians aggravates the matter. When the White River Utes were brought to this
reservation three years ago the Uintahs occupied all the best lands either for farms or
pasturage. Believing theirs a prior right they were reluctant to yield to the White
Rivers. If the lands were surveyed we would feel justified in confining each Indian
to his treaty rights, and not allow him to roam over four or five times as much as he
can properly care for. If lands were allotted to the Indians with the assurance that
they would be the rightful owners after a period of years, they would be stimulated
to make improvements, build houses and barns, fences and ditches. I do not pretend
to say that the majority of these Indians are far enough advanced to receive land in
severalty. but some of them are. Such a measure will be a practical solution of many
difficulties. It is an inevitable consequence, and the sooner the good work is begun
the better. The Indians will gradualfy avail themselves of the opportunity of acquir-
ing titles to their land.
FREIGHTING.
These Indians hauled with their own teams 87, 201 pounds of Government supplies
from the railroad terminus at Park City to the agency. The distance is about 150
miles. For this work they were paid $'2,180.02.
158 REPORTS OF AGENTS IN WASHINGTON TERRITORY.
HABITS AND CONDITION.
These Indians cannot be classed with the so-called civilized tribes. For the most
part they live in " wickeups." Several houses have been built for them, but they
are soon abandoned and used only as granaries or storehouses Most of them dress
in blankets and leggins. Their children are brought up in squalor and filth ; very
little attention being paid to the boys, none to the girls. Whenever dirt and rubbish
accumulates in such quantities as to make ingress and egress difficult, they seek
other places to pitch their tents. The above is true of the majority of these Indians,
though it cannot be said of all. They are honest and virtuous in their social rela-
tions. There are not over half a dozen mixed bloods in the tribe. They are fond of
gambling and horse-racing. It is always possible to find some gambling whenever
there is any money among them.
MISSIONARY WORK AND RELIGION.
No missionary work has been done during the year. We have no churches, no
preachers, and no Sabbath-schools. The only training of this kind the Indians have
is what they get in the school.
Most of these Indians are Mormons. Nothing else could be expected, surrounded
as they are on all sides by the "latter.day saints." I am told they find hearty
sympathizers in the Mormons in all their little troubles with Gentiles. The
Indians apparently accept the Mormon religion, not because they have any profound
religious convictions, but because the polygamy of the Mormons suits their tastes.
I will say this, that the influence of the Mormons in encouraging the Indians in agri-
culture has always been good.
11 Medicine men" still retain a strong hold upon most of the Indians, though it
is evident that their power is waning. A few years ago no white man was permitted
to attend the burial of an Indian ; they are now frequently invited to be present at
the funeral. The practice still obtains among them of killing ponies, burying
blankets, robes, and presents with their dead. They used to destroy all the prop-
erty of the deceased ; much of it is preserved now. Our only hope is in educating
the young ; the old men will never outgrow these superstitions.
SANITARY.
These Indians are strong and healthy. Little or no constitutional disease exists
among them. They are learning to have great confidence in white men's medicine,
and patronize the agency physician more than ever.
In conclusion, the chiefs of these two tribes, having confidence in the Department,
have worked in harmony with the agent to carry out your instructions. The Indians
must depend upon the courtesy of the Government for several years to come, but
they are on the right road to become independent. The reservation is ample for all
their present needs ; it affords abundant facilities for farming, grazing, hunting,
and fishing. The Indians only require encouragement to develop its resources.
Respectfully submitted,
ELISHA W. DAVIS,
Indian Agent.
Per FRANK PIERCE,
Clerk in charge.
The COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
COLVILLE INDIAN AGENCY, WASHINGTON TERRITORY,
August 12, 1884.
RESPECTED SIR: I have the honor to silbmit this my first annual report on the con-
dition of the Indians intrusted to my care. There are three reservations, the Colville,
addition to the Colville (Spokan), and Cceur d'Ale"ne, on which aud the adjacent country
are located the Colvilles, Lakes, Okanagaus, Methows, Nespilums, SanPuells, Spokans,
Calispels, and Coeur d' Alines, in all making nearly 4,000 Indians.
I assumed charge of affairs October 23, 1883, relieving John A. Simms, a faithful
officer who has done much for these Indians. I found the employe" force so much re-
duced in numbers as to render the service nearly ineffective, no interpreter even being
allowed, and how an agent could get along here without one is more than I could con-
ceive. But, thanks to the Department, an interpreter was allowed in March, for with
the continued press of land business nothing could be doue without one.
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN WASHINGTON TERRITORY. 159
In December I had the pleasure of a visit from United States Indian Inspector Henry
Ward and Special Indian Agent Cyrus Beede, gentlemen who have the good of the
Indian at heart, I believe. They visited our schools and gave the teachers some
valuable advice.
CONDITION.
I write of the Spokau Indians first, who are living in the vicinity of Spokan Falls.
A lamentable condition of affairs exists among them. They were living in peace along
the banks of the Little Spokan River, cultivating small patches of land sufficient for
their needs, until the whites came in and gradually took their lands from them (they
failing to enter their homesteads), until uosv some 50 families are wandering here and
there. Unwilling to go to the reserve, they prefer to hang around the town of Spokan
Falls and be supported in their miserable laziness by the drudgery and prostitution of
their wives and daughters. Disreputable whites who sell them whisky are easily
found by them, and until of late intoxication has been very frequent. An estimate
of the cost of removing them to the Cceur d'Ale'ne Reserve (where they could soon
become prosperous and thrifty') was submitted in due time at the first session of the
present Congress, but for some reason failed. They should be removed at once to
some reserve without any sentiment in the matter, as the life they are now living can
end only in death and misery to them.
The Okanagaus depend more on the raising of stock than on the products of the
soil for support, and are in the main doing well.
The Colvilles, Lakes, and the Spokaus of Whistlepoosum's band are making an
earnest effort to support themselves, and by so doing have received much encourage-
ment from me during the past year.
The Calispels still retain many of their wild ways, and are cultivating the soil only
in a small way. A few of them in the vicinity of the agency are making some prog-
ress, and are not opposed to accepting a knowledge of the " white man's" way.
Of the Methows, San Puells, and Nespilumsbut little can be said. They are peace-
fully living on and cultivating the soil in a small way where they have been located
so many years.
The last tribe to come under this notice is the Cceur d'Ale'ne, who, by the testi-
mony of the Jesuit Fathers, were accounted the most cruel and barbarous of the tribes
of the great Northwest are now the most civilized, receiving nothing from the Gov-
ernment, only the support of their schools. They are, step by step, taking the lead
over even their white neighbors. Their farming implements are of the latest and
most approved kinds, and the instructions from the lips of their resident farmer,
James O'Neill, have been well received and carefully carried out. I respectfully call
your attention to the accompanying report of the resident farmer, showing them to
have raised 45,000 bushels wheat, 35,000 bushels oats, 10,000 bushels potatoes, &c.
Owning over 6,000 head of horses, 2,500 cattle, 4,900 swine, in the enjoyment of two
excellent schools, they may be classed as among the fortunate ones of earth. For
this happy state of things the Government can thank the missionaries who have faith-
fully labored among them, and their able instructor, Resident Farmer James O'Neill ;
and in this connection I would respectfully recommend that a comfortable dwelling
and stable be erected on the reserve for him during this year.
TRESPASSERS.
The mining excitement in the Cceur d'Ale'ne Mountains attracted many people to
the vicinity of the Cceur d'Ale'ne Reserve, and as a consequence the attention of the
agent has been called many times to that reserve to stop the cutting of trees for lum-
ber and other purposes. The people passing over the reserve have not interfered with
the Indians. For the benefit of the Government and the adjacent settlers living near
the reserve there is great need of placing monuments in reasonable proximity to each
other defining the lines of survey of this reserve, so that settlers will not encroach
thereon and cause trouble among the Indians.
CRIME.
I found on my arrival that several murders had been committed on and off the re-
serve, and the murderers still in the country. I sought at once to correct this evil,
and instructed the chiefs to arrest and punish the guilty. As a result of my endeavors
they arrested Theodore, who murdered Francois, and as a result of the trial before
his chief and headmen he was found guilty and executed. Previous to his death, in
a speech to the assembled Indians of his tribe, he warned them of the direful effects
of whisky, pointing to his death as a dreadful warning to them to shun forever the
drunkard's way. Through the able co-operation of Lieutenant-Colonel Merriam,
'commandant at Fort Spokan, who caused the arrest of Michel, who murdered Shafer,
160 REPORTS OF AGENTS IN WASHINGTON TERRITORY.
Smoolraool, who murdered a squaw on the Columbia, and some horse-thieves (all
awaiting trial), the reserve is comparatively free of cut-throats. The chiefs have one
other case on trial a Lake, who murdered an Okanagan Indian, and if satisfactory
evidence of his guilt exists he will be hung. The last week in July, at the fishery
on the Spokan, an Indian was stabbed by a drunken Indian, who in turn was killed
by the brother of him who was stabbed. The affair was settled by payment of nine
head of horses.
GAMBLING.
Gambling is a vice much indulged in by some of the Indians of this agency. I
have had a conference with Tonasket, Seltice, Victor, Ka-to-lo, Or-a-pac-kau, and
Whistlepoosum, principal chiefs, and they have each promised to try to reform their
people in this respect. On one of my visits to the Cceur d' Ale"ne Reserve I had occa-
sion to send from that reserve some 70 white men who came to participate with the
Indians in gambling and horse-racing. Seltice informed me that every year bands of
renegade Palouse, Cayuse and Nez Perce" Indians came on his reserve for the purpose
of gambling, &c., saying white men who came with them furnished them liquor, set-
ting his people a bad example. I finally sent the renegades, some 350, off the reserve,
ordering them to mend their ways before paying a visit to Cceur d' Ale~ue again. No
matter how vigilant an agent may be, bands will stray away from the reservation.
These two evils, gambling and drinking, have existed since man was first created, and
never can be eradicated from among the Indians until the whites cease to encourage
them in their pernicious practices.
SANITARY.
The health of the Indians is good, no very serious illness being reported by the
agency physician. During last winter the measles made sad havoc among the chil-
dren, and many, from the want of proper care and attention, died. At one time, at
the Colville girls' school, 27 were sick; but owing to that loving care and devotion of
the Sisters not a case was lost. The medicine men are seldom consulted by the In-
dians.
INDIAN HOMESTEADS.
It has been my pleasure to enter, under the act of March 3, 1884, several home-
steads outside the reservation limits, and in my efforts to locate the Indians on these
claims I have been ably seconded by your office and the local land office at Spokan
Falls. The place of birth is as dear and cherished a spot to him as is the home of the
white man, and an Indian should be protected in his rights to that home. All honor
to the authors and promoters of the amendment to the Indian appropriation bill
giving the Indian a chance to secure his 160 acres of land without the payment of
fees or commissons.
EDUCATION.
There are four schools connected with this agency, two located at the Colville
Catholic mission and two on the Cceur d' Ale"ne Reservation. They are supported by
the Government under contract with the honorable Commissioner of Indian Affairs and
the Bureau of Catholic Indian missions. These schools are industrial boarding schools,
the only schools which can be a success among the Indians, I believe. During the
months from November to April a day school was maintained at the Mission, near
Spokan Falls (average 20 Indian pupils) under care of Father Cataldo. I have seen
the schools increase at Cceur d' Ale"ne from 65 to 104, and I hope before the fiscal year
expires to see them numbering 120. I believe Cosur d' Ale"ne to be the model Indian
school of the Pacific coast. The schools at Colville were retarded somewhat during
the winter by sickness, but through the efforts of the Sisters they are now in a pros-
perous condition. The annual exhibitions were attended by many whites and Indi-
ans and much praise can be awarded the Sisters and teachers for the pains taking
care that has brought these schools up to the high degree of excellence they have
attained. A new school building has been erected and another is in course of erec-
tion at Cosur d' A16ne for the schools. Much hard work has been undergone and
money spent by the Jesuit Fathers to erect these buildings for sjchool purposes, and
they ought to be (partly at least) reimbursed by the Government. I am a Protestant,
but I must testify to the unswerving love and devotion that the Jesuits have for
these schools. How much labor is expended by them in rescuing these children from,
the vices and miseries of the camp will perhaps never be known, but in the end they
will receive the mandate " come up higher."
MISSIONARY WORK.
The religious instruction these Indians receive is from the lips of the Jesuit Fathers,
who for the past forty years have been performing their labor of love — they call it
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN WASHINGTON TERRITORY. 161
their simple duty — among the Indians of the great Northwest, aiding the Government
much in preserving peaceful relations towards the whites, restraining the natural
vi n<licti veness of the savage, teaching them that the only u trail" to follow, to meet
with success in this life, is the white man's path. Their untiring devotion and ear-
nest zeal for the elevation and welfare of the Indian is great, and is seen at every
step the agent takes in his visits among the tribes of this agency. Their work exhibits
a thoroughness plainly perceptible.
CIVILIZATION.
In the ratification of the agreement between the honorable Secretary of the Interior
and Moses, Tonasket, and others, providing for the erection of mills, school buildings,
and the furnishing of agricultural implements, I see only the hand of justice. Money
spent for the education and civilization of Indians is well spent, no matter if in the
eyes of some it may appear to be extravagance. We who are toilers in the field know
that it is spent in a noble cause.
The Indians of this agency have nearly all adopted the dress of the whites, with
the exception of those who lead a nomadic life. I have felt it to be the agent's duty
to go among the Indians of his agency and familiarize himself with their manners
and customs, and in doing this it has been a labor of love. I have tried in my feeble
way to teach them that the only source of contenlment and happiness lay in leaving
off their bad habits of gambling and drinking, and to take up the plow-handles and
go to work, to be men, to educate their children in our industrial schools, preparing
them for the battle of life. As it is hard to break from habits, so is it hard for an
Indian to quit his nomadic way of living. Civilization has been cruel to the Indian
in some respects. It has brought in its onward march that terrible curse to the red
men, whisky, and its blight is always upon us.
My greatest trouble and anxiety has been with the Indians of the vicinity of Spokau
Falls. Five prosecutions of liquor sellers have been successfully undertaken, and in
all cases a heavy fine was imposed. One of the parties is serving his sentence in the
penitentiary.
CONCLUSION.
In conclusion, I would urge the recommendation made so often by my predecessor,
the urgent necessity of agency buildings being erected at some locality convenient to
the Indians on the Colville Reserve. Much need exists for a farmer to help these
Indians, and encouragement is of much account to the Indian. Give the Indian his
land in severalty, extend the United States laws over him, compel him to send his
children to school, and we shall be far on the road toward solving this Indian prob-
lem. The report of Resident Farmer O'Neill and the statistics required are herewith
appended.
Very respectfully, vour obedient servant,
SIDNEY D. WATERS,
Indian Agent.
The COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
COLVILLE INDIAN AGENCY, WASHINGTON TERRITORY,
July 26, 1884.
DEAR SIR: I have the honor herewith to hand you the report of the farming oper-
ations of the Coeur d'Ale"ne Indians. The rapid progress they are making, and the
great interest manifested by them in their farm work, in their fences, cultivation, in
improving the breed of their horses and cattle, and in fact in all things to make their
farming a success, is commendable. It was feared in the early spring that the great
rush to the Coaur d'Ale"ue gold mines would cause considerable tresspassing upon
their reserve, but happily so many other routes were opened to them that there were
but few crossing the reserve, and now it has nearly ceased.
In anticipation of the great demand for their farm products, large quantities of
wheat and oats were sown last spring and more potatoes than usual planted. Upon
the reserve there are about eighty-four inclosures ; some of them including the smaller
farms of a few. These inclosures will average more than 200 acres each. Some of
the leading farmers, however, have larger bodies of laud inclosed. Regis and his
brother have about 2 miles square ; Aeneas, between 400 and 500 acres ; Leo, 250 acres;
Peter and Sebastian and Charles Louis have each about 1| miles square. All of these
farms are well cultivated, fences well built, some few with post and board fences.
During the plowing season, Saltise, head chief, had two whites with sulky plows
working for him, as did also Regis Basil, Bartelmy and Marcella ; Alexi and Louis
4266 IND 11
162 REPORTS OF AGENTS IN WASHINGTON TERRITORY.
had each one white man with sulky plow. Saltise, Pat, Basil,' and two others have
each self-binders machines. Regis, Aeneas, Bartelmy, Alexi, Louis, Camille, and
Augustine have each combined reapers and mowers. Most of them have sulky horse-
rakes. Saltise, Stallatn, Aeueas, Fidele, Pierre, Peter, and one other have each spring
wagons for from four to six persons, costing them an average of $130 each.
Their crops this season bid fair to be large, say nearly or quite 45,000 bushels of
wheat and 35,000 bushels of oats, and 10,000 bushels of potatoes.
There is still some dissatisfaction in regard to the boundary line surveyed by the
deputy Uni ted States surveyor last fall ; the monuments and marks along the line not
being as definitely defined as they ought to be, both whites and Indians locating the
line as occasion requires to suit themselves. Many of the white settlers living at a
distance of 40 to 60 miles have to depend upon the borders of the reservation for their
necessary fuel and fencing material.
Much praise is due the Fathers of the De Smet Mission for the valuable advice and
assistance they have given these Indians since they began their systematic course of
farming in 1875 and 1876.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
JAMES O'NEIL,
Resident Farmer, Cceurd'Alene Reserve.
Hon. SIDNEY D. WATERS,
United States Indian Agent.
NEAFI BAY AGENCY, WASHINGTON TERRITORY,
August 11, 1884.
SIR : I have the honor to submit the following report of affairs at this agency, for
the fiscal year ending June 30, 1884. Since my last annual report there have been no
important changes in the condition of these Indians, nor can it truthfully be said
that they are rapidly attaining a high standard in morals and civilization. There is,
however, a gradual improvement among all that are susceptible of improvement,
but, in my opinion, years of care, toil, and instruction will be required to bring them
to a full and complete knowledge of civilization and qualify them to participate in
such business transactions as are necessary to be self-supporting in civilized habits
and pursuits. The idea expressed by some members of Congress during the last ses-
sion that there was no perceptible improvement in the status of the Indians is not
borne out by facts that are easily seen by any one familar with the Indian service,
and the honorable gentlemen in making such expressions were evidently ignorant of
the subject or governed by the opinion, often expressed by worthless, idle, dissolute, or
mercenary people, that the only good Indians were dead ones. There are a few old In-
dians of both sexes that adhere with the greatest tenacity to their ancient heathen-
ish rites and superstitious and all efforts to induce them to adopt and practice civ-
ilized habits have failed. But there is a gradual improvement among the younger
adults, and the improvement among those who have attended school is very marked.
There are no skilled mechanics at this agency to instruct the boys, and to employ ap-
prentices without some one competent to instruct them would be a waste of time
and money.
The teacher, in addition to his duties in the school, superintends the out-door work
of the scholars, such as gardening, farm work, cutting wood, and any mechanical
work they are capable of doing, and in this labor the boys are becoming quite pro-
ficient. In addition to their school lessons the girls are taught general housework,
cutting and making garments for the scholars, and some of the older ones are a credit
to their sex. Under the supervision of the matron and assistant teachers they have cul-
tivated quite an extensive flower garden in which they take great delight. Strangers
visiting it have expressed surprise and gratification to see such evidences of good
taste and refinement as this floral display indicates. The full number of scholars
borne on the school register at the Neah Bay industrial school is 59, and the largest
monthly attendance is 57. The yearly average attendance is 52, and the full nu tu-
ber of school age in the Makah tribe is 82. Fully one-third of these Indians live 11
and 15 miles from the agency, and I have not thought it advisable to take children
under ten years of age from the distant villages. All living within a reasonable dis-
tance are in attendance, except four or five that are physically disqualified. The
salaries of teachers and school employe's was $2,520, and all other expense, including
food, clothing, lights, fuel, and $500 expended in repairs on school buildings, was
$2,711.75 making the total expenditure for school purposes $5,731.75. The school
buildings as now arranged will accomodate 75 scholars very comfortably, and I am
confident of having about that number in school if means are provided to feed, clothe,
and care for them. Not being yet advised of the number of school employe's and
their compensation and the amount of funds for school purposes allowed this agency
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN WASHINGTON TERRITORY. 163
f
or the next fiscal year, I am not prepared to state ko\v much of an increase there
will be. Liberal compensation encourages employe's to make the greatest possible
progress, but a niggardly compensation corresponding with the salary of agents has
a depressing inlluence.
Under instructions from the Indian Office I organized a day school at the Quillehute
village, 35 miles south of the agency, on the 27th of November, 1883, and the result has
more than justified my expectations. The total number of children of school age at
that village is 54, and there has been an average attendance of 36, and the total num-
ber attending and borne on the school register is 40. This is all that can possibly be
accommodated in the building. I have arranged to have the building enlarged "this
season so as to accommodate the full number of school age, the work to be done before
the expiration of the first year's lease. It will be borne in mind that the Quillehute
village is not on the reservation and the building occupied by the school is leased, at
an annual rental of $50, and the rent has been paid up to- and including November 26,
1884, from incidental funds, Class II. From that date the annual rental will be $75,
if the building is completed by that time. The teacher's salary is $500 per annum,
and he has been paid $'<i91.66 from date of commencing service to June 30, 1884, and
$85.91 has been paid for lumber and repairs on the buildings, and supplies for the
school, making the total cost of the school for seven months $377.57. This school has
made good progress. None of the children had ever been inside a school-room before,
and now all know the alphabet. Others spell in words of one and two syllables, and
some of the brighter ones read very well in words of two syllables, and have learned
to sing several pieces quite creditably. The short history of this school completely
refutes the statement made by honorable gentlemen in the last session of Congress,
that it is a useless expenditure of money to attempt educating Indian children in a
day school.
The census of the Indians belonging to this agency shows an increase of 17 in the
past year, Makahs, 3 ; Quillehutes, 14. The increase is made by the return of three
Makahs, who were absent when the last census was taken, and there were three fam-
ilies of Quillehutes, living up the river of that name, whose names I failed to get at
the time the census was taken last year.
There is no increase in numbers by an excess of births over deaths, and my obser-
vation, in seven years that I have been among them, shows that there is a slight ex-
cess of deaths over births. The past year the births among these Indians were 14, and
the deaths 15. This may not be exactly correct, but it is as near as can be ascertained
by the agency physician, the Indian police, and myself, and we are particular to get
all the information possible. The number of cases attended by the agency physician
is the same as last year, but there are not so many deaths. This change for the bet-
ter I attribute to improvement in their sanitary habits.
As stated in former reports, the lands occupied by these Indians are almost worth-
less for agriculture. Where susceptible of cultivation the soil is thin and sandy, and
must be fertilized every year to produce a crop ; consequently very little farming is
done, as the statistics accompanying this report will show. There are a few hundred
acres of ti-ie lands that, afford excellent grazing during the summer and the greater
portion of the winter, and nearly all the hay for the agency and the Indians is grown
on these lands, but oats, wheat, barley, and vegetables natural to this climate can-
not be successfully raised. The ocean tides overflow nearly all of it in winter, and it
is always very wet in summer.
These Indians, however, are not dependent on agriculture for subsistence. The
sea is their great harvest field, and from it the industrious ones derive a fair income.
During the past year they have realized fully $25,000 fro-m the sale of seal skins, fish,
and oils, and it is a rare thing to find a healthy Indian without a goodly supply of fish
prepared for food. Those who do not raise vegetables enough for family use usually
go up the sound during the hop-picking season, work for the hop raisers until the
crop is gathered, then work for the farmers until the fall harvesting is done. From
the proceeds of their labors they usually return home with their canoes laden with
flour, sugar, potatoes, and other vegetables. It is a rare thing to find an Indian be-
longing to this agency who has not a reasonable supply of food on hand for his simple
wants, unless it is a sick one or one too old to work, and these are f urn ished from the
agency supplies.
During the past two years the Protestant Episcopal Church has taken some interest
in the affairs of this agency. Mr. Bell, the former teacher, and Mr. Buckwood, the
present one, are authorized missionaries of that church, and they have done what they
could to teach and inculcate a reliance on that Higher Power that rules and governs
all. Rt. Rev. Bishop Paddock, D. D., of this diocese, has visited us twice to give
such counsel, aid, and encouragement as he deemed necessary, and has baptised twelve
of the older scholars and confirmed five, and the Episcopal Church at Cleveland, Ohio,
sent some substantial gifts that were distributed to the scholars on Christmas. Rev.
Alfred M. Able, of Lebanon, Pa., has also sent a liberal supply of leaflets and mag-
164 REPORTS OF AGENTS IN WASHINGTON TERRITORY
azines for the Sabbath school. These attentions and efforts have materially aided in
the advancement of these Indians, and they are fully appreciated.
The amount heretofore allowed for the pavment of employe's at this agency is too
small to admit of employing other than Indians, and as they have but a limited knowl-
edge of mechanism or farming the agent is compelled to supervise and assist in all the
agency work, and this adds very materially to the labor and care of the agent, and he
should be compensated accordingly. I am aware that the Indian Office made a vigor-
ous effort to have the pay of agents increased to a reasonable amount, but the wisdom
of the nation assembled in Congress assumed to know more of Indian affairs and the
Indian service than those who have had years of experience ; and being troubled with
a disease that might be aptly termed spasmodic economy, they failed to see where any
good would result in paying a reasonable salary for faithful service performed among
the Indians, and indicated by their action that an Indian agent ought to deny himself
and family all the comforts of civilized life, be clothed in a blanket, and conform to
Indian habits and customs instead of trying to civilize and enlighten those placed in
his charge. Their estimation of the services performed by agents is appreciated at
its true value.
I transmit statistics for the agency, and regret that I cannot truthfully make a bet-
ter showing, but the facts will not admit of it, and rose-colored statements are not
wanted.
Very respectfully, yours,
OLIVER WOOD,
Indian Agent.
The COMMISSIONER OP INDIAN AFFAIRS.
QUINAIELT AGENCY, WASHINGTON TERRITORY,
July 26, 1884.
SIR: In compliance with instructions contained in circular letter, dated July 1, I
have the honor to submit my first annual report of this agency.
THE AGENCY.
This agency is situated 30 miles north of Grey's Harbor, and is only accessible by
way of the ocean beach at low water. The Indians belonging to this agency are scat-
tered over a large tract of country, and it is almost impossible to ascertain the num-
ber belonging thereto. At Quinaielt village there are 70 persons, old and young;
while at two localities on the Quinaielt River, distant from Quinaielt village '2$ and
5 miles respectively, there are 36, making a total of 106 persons residing at the agency
village and along the river. During the summer months none but the old people re-
main at the village. The younger portion of the tribe are then employed in various
ways on the Chehalis and Columbia Rivers.
I arrived at Quinaielt village December 8. The unpainted, unwhitewashed, and
dilapidated appearance of the buildings, surrounded as they were by old and weather-
beaten fences, produced a most painful and disheartening impression. The small area
of laud under cultivation was occupied to a great extent by stumps. The gale that
inundated the village soon after my arrival, washing in a large deposit of pebbles
from the sea-shore upon the inclosnres of the Indians, covering their fences and
sweeping away a large part of the natural breakwater formed by logs that had hith-
erto remained undisturbed for many years, filled us with reasonable apprehensions
concerning our safety during the winter to come. As soon after my arrival as the
weather would permit, I began removing the stumps from the inclosures to afford a
larger extent of ground for crops.
Of the buildings at this agency nothing can be favorably reported. They are em-
phatically a disgrace to the service, and are no credit to my predecessor, who was for
six years in charge. The two new dwellings erected in 188:2 are mere barns, affording
very imperfect protection from the storms of winter, and are unworthy the names of
dwellings. I sincerely hope that the Department will authorize the erection of new
school and agency buildings at the Anderson House. This will remove the school
from the heart of an Indian camp, whose near neighborhood is a drawback to its
progress in many ways. The construction of the school and agency buildings is such
that entirely new constructions from the ground up are required, and they can be
erected at the Anderson House at a less cost than at the present location, also saving
the annual expense of keeping the mountain road open during the winter mouths.
BOARDING SCHOOL.
The school has thus far been well attended. The teacher, L. LefeVre, has labored
faithfully to advance his pupils in their studies. Some of the older ones have under
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN WASHINGTON TERRITORY. 165
his instruction given proofs of very marked progress, while the younger scholars are
constantly adding to their knowledge of English. The school buildings are ill
adapted to their uses, and a boarding-school discipline has not been previously main-
tained with regard to keeping the children as much as possible from the Indian
ranches. Five school children have died since the 1st of December, all from
inherited and incurable diseases.
EMPLOYES.
The employe's have been attentive in their various departments, some accustoming
the boys of the school to the use of agricultural inplements as far as possible, while
the matron and cook have instructed the girls in their household duties.
AGRICULTURAL AND OTHER PURSUITS.
The area of ground cultivated by the Indians on the river bottoms has not been
affected by the dry season, and the yield will be as great as in former rears, while
those living at the agency village and planting on higher ground will not realize suf-
ficient to carry them through the winter. The boys of the school, assisted by the
teamster, have broken 2£ acres of river bottom land, and planted it in potatoes. I
estimate that the yield will not be far from 500 bushels. Their turnip and carrot
patches, as well as the hay fields, will not yield as much as usual, on account of hav-
ing been overflowed by salt water during the winter months, and the dry ness of the
summer weather.
In May last I visited the Shoalwater Bay Indians. Their reserve is worthless for
agricultural purposes. It is, in fact, nothing but a sand-flat, almost destitute of veg-
etation. These Indians seem quite industrious and earn their livelihood by oystering
and fishing, and working in logging camps and saw-mills. This baud of Indians is
very anxious to have a school established in their village.
AGENCY SCHOOL HERD.
In May last, acting by authority, I purchased 11 head of stock cattle, to be known
as the agency school herd. They arrived at the agency June 3, in fine condition,
thus supplj ing a long-felt necessity.
POLICE.
The force consists of four members ; one sergeant and three privates. They have
rendered good service, and have been the means of counteracting the gambling and
drinking propensities of their brethren, by reporting at once any case of the kind
coming to their knowledge. I have solicited from the Department an increase of the
force, and rations for the whole force, as their present pay is inadequate to the service
rendered. While on duty they miss many a chance of earning a few dollars, and their
pay should be greater in consideration of the extent of country over which they have
to travel constantly in the discharge of their duties.
TRADER.
There is at present no trader at this agency. Isolated as it is, this is a great incon-
venience to the Indians, while, at the same time, the amount of ready money in cir-
culation among them, and their own exorbitant demands while trading, furnish
little inducement to new comers. All arrangements had been made by the former
trader, Mr. J. W. Hume, for starting a cannery here, but the price demanded by the
Indians for their salmon was too great to leave any margin for profit, and the enter-
prise was abandoned. The trader removed his goods, as the store alone was not
profitable.
CIVILIZATION.
It cannot be said that these Indians have made any very marked progress during
the past few years. The older ones, and many of the younger, retain their old super-
stitions, especially with regard to the power of their medicine man. They believe
that he has absolute control of their diseases and can cure any sickness that any In-
dian may have. Professing this belief, they fail to explain why the medicine man is
not always successful. He is also believed to have the power of casting an evil spell
upon those who do not obey his wishes, causing them to waste away and die.
As a tribe, these Indians are peaceable and easily governed.
166 REPORTS OF AGENTS IN WASHINGTON TERRITORY.
MISSIONARY WORK.
No missionary is stationed here. The Episcopal service is read and the school chil"
dren are instructed in the catechism. A box of Christinas gifts for the school children
of this agency was kindly sent them last December by the Episcopal Sunday-school
class of Miss Grebe, from Los Angeles, Cal.
STATISTICS.
I have been unable in many instances to furnish the Department with exact statis-
tics. Some of them are taken from the report of 1882.
Very respectfully,
CHARLES WILLOUGHBY,
Indian Agent.
The COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
NlSQUALLY AND S'KOKOMISH AGENCY,
New Tacoma, Wash., August 21, 1824.
SIR: I have the lionor to submit herewith my fourteenth annual report, giving an
account of the progress made and the present condition of atfairs at this agency.
About the middle of last year I moved the headquarters from Tulalip to the Puy-
allup Reservation. During the month of September is the usual annual vacation for
all of my schools, and also the great hop-picking season for this section of the coun-
try. Large numbers of Indians from all parts of the surrounding country, aggre-
gating several thousand, assembled in the Puyallup Valley and vicinity to pick hops,
trade horses, contract marriages, collect debts, and enjoy a general recreation as well
as engage in a profitable employment. The gathering, together of such a large con-
course of Indians entails many heavy duties on the Indian police, as the temptation
to drink and practice other vices is great. Owing to the vigilance of the police and
the general good disposition of the Indians but comparatively few excesses occurred,
and these generally of misdemeanors rather than crimes.
Early in October my several schools reconvened, the total attendance numbering
about 135, which has been increased during the year to upwards of 175.
During the month of November I had the Nisqually Reservation reallotted and the
descriptions of the several claims forwarded to the Department for patents, the claims
taken on this reservation numbering thirty. This reservation is about 20 miles dis-
tant from headquarters, and has uo white employe" residing on it. It has all been
fenced by the Indians, and is a valuable range for stock, of which they have consider-
able. The only Government employe" here is an Indian police private, who not only
looks after the police regulations of the reservation, but on the Sabbath conducts
religious services in the little chapel built by the Indians with the aid and under the
auspices of the Presbyterian Board of Missions. The children of this reservation at-
tend the Puyallup and Chehalis boarding schools.
During the mouth of December I visited the Squakson Reservation, which is situ-
ated on and comprises a small island about 5 miles from headquarters. Here I also
reallotted the lands to actual residents, and forwarded the descriptions to the De-
partment for patents. Twenty-three heads of families took claims. The land here is
mostly poor and covered with a heavy growth of timber, making it very difficult for
them to do much in the way of farming. Their children of school age are divided
between the Chehalis and S'Kokomish schools.
In January I had the S'Kokomish Reservation reallotted and the descriptions for-
warded to the number of 50. The boarding school at this reservation has for the
past year numbered about 40 scholars most of the time, and has increased in attend-
ance about 20 per cent, in the last twelve months.
In February and March the land on the Puyallup Reservation was reallotted to the
Puyallup Indians. One hundred and sixty-seven took claims, and have made suffi-
cient improvements to entitle them to patents. This is much the finest and most val-
uable reservation attached to the agency, and correspondingly excites the cupidity
of the average white man. The Indians, however, are entitled to great praise for
their enterprise and industry. Their advancement and the development of their laud
has kept pace with the onward rush of improvement made by their white neighbors,
and have merited and received the commendation of strangers from the East who
have visited the reserve. The boarding school here is well attended, and numbers 75
scholars. The general good order, discipline, system, and thorough training of the
scholars of this school has placed it in a high rank even when compared with the
white schools. The credit of this is mainly due to the fidelity and ability of the head
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN WASHINGTON TERRITORY. 167
teacher, Mr. G. W. Bell, who, with his estimable wife, has spent nearly five years of
continuous service in the Indian schools of this agency, and who will soon terminate his
connection with the service, much to the regret of his associates ami scholars. The
school buildings here were much improved during the winter, and are now a credit to
the Department.
Chehalis Reservation is about 60 miles distant from the agency headquarters. Not
being a treaty reservation, there is no authority of law for granting these Indians
patents for their allotments. Consequently, nothing has been done in this way for
them during the past year. There is a good boarding school here with an average
attendance for the past year of 40 scholars. The location is very eligible and healthy.
The premises have been kept very neat and tidy, and the order and system in the
management of the school have been excellent.
Early in January I succeeded in organizing the day school at Jamestown. The
attendance has been fair and the progress good. These Indians are all tax-payers,
and own laud purchased with their own earnings from white settlers. They com-
pare very favorably with their white neighbors in industry and morality.
The health of the Indians has been fair, and although many have died, and in some
localities their number is decreasing, they do not diminish as rapidly as is generally
supposed.
Both of the physicians employed at this agency belong to the homeopathic school.
It has been an experiment whether that practice was adapted to the Indians, but the
success of these two gentlemen during the past year would indicate that it does well
for them.
Three missionaries — two white and one Indian — have labored for the spiritual wel-
fare of the Indians at this agency with fair success. They belong to the Congrega-
tional and Presbyterian denominations. The good order and morality prevalent
among the Indians is largely due to their efforts.
As has been seen, there are five reservations connected with this agency. On these
are kept up three boarding schools and one day school, with an average attendance of
175 scholars. Beside this there are perhaps 50 more children who have been sent to
the Indian training school at Forest Grove, Oreg. Twenty-five left here a few days
ago. Efforts made in this way for the benefit of the Indians will surely accomplish
much good in the hereafter, if not immediately. With the Indians well settled on
their homes, having good titles thereto, and their children well trained in good schools,
the best results are to be expected, and the Indian problem soon to become a thing of
the past.
I take great pleasure in acknowledging the courtesy and kindness with which I
have been treated by my superiors and the faithfulness and industry of my employe's.
Above all, our thanks are due to the Giver of all good for the gratifying condition
in which the affairs of this agency are at the present time.
I have the honor to be. very respectfullv, your obedient servant,
EDWIN EELLS,
Indian Agent.
The COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
PUYALLUP INDIAN RESERVATION, WASHINGTON TERRITORY,
August 1, 1884.
DEAR SIR : I have the honor to submit my report as principal of the Puyallup indus-
trial school, detailing its operations and facts of importance therewith connected, for
the year ending at this date.
As you are aware, the school buildings are conveniently located on the agency farm,
and within sight of, being less than 3 miles distant, from, the Northern Pacific Rail-
road headquarters, in the city of Tacoma. Though neither expensive nor extensive,
they form quite an attractive feature of the scenery hereabouts to eastern visitors
philanthropically inclined, and interested, as all good citizens should be, in a wise
and Christian solution of the Indian problem. Numbers of such persons have visited
our school. All have seemed to be well pleased, and many have so expressed them-
selves. But of these facts and many others you are so well aware that I need not
waste time in detailing them.
SCHOOL.
I reported last year 65 pupils in actual attendance. Eighteen of those have gradu-
ated, or have been excused from the school for various good and sufficient reasons.
Their places have been more than supplied by 28 others, who have entered in their
stead. The total number of pupils now under my supervision is 75, and these exhaust
the capacity of our buildings. Of the pupils 61 are full-blooded Indians, to wit, 39 boys
and 24 girls. The remaining 12, viz., 5 boys and 7 girls, are half-cast children.
168 REPORTS OF AGENTS IN WASHINGTON TERRITORY.
GRADED.
The school is graded into two departments, each under care of a teacher, and hav-
ing separate rooms. All the pupils are required to be in their respective school-rooms
four hours every forenoon, viz, from 8 until 12 o'clock. The smaller children spend
two hours each afternoon in the school-room under care of the assistant teacher.
All pupils spend one hour each evening in study, namely, from 6.30 to 7.30 o'clock,
the girls in their own study-room and the boys iii one of the school-rooms. At half
past 7 they are summoned to the large school-room, and half an hour is spent in sing-
ing, which many of the children enjoy very much. At the close of this exercise a
portion of scripture is read and prayer offered, which ends the duties of the day, and
the pupils retire for the night.
On Saturdays the smaller boys are divided into two divisions, each in charge of
•one of the larger boys, and detailed to scrub school- rooms, boys' dormitory, aud clean
the yard. They work from 8 o'clock a. m. to 3 p. m., allowing one hour at noon.
Afterward they bathe aud change their clothing.
On Sundays the pupils are required to attend services in the Presbyterian mission
•church, to which most of the tribe belong. This building is situated only about 100
yards from the school-house. Dinner is served at 1.30 p. in., and at 3 o'clock the
children repair to the school room and an hour is spent in Sunday-school exercises.
An hour every Sunday evening is also spent in singing, scripture reading, and
prayer.
INDUSTRIAL INSTRUCTION.
During the afternoons the larger boys are under the supervision of the industrial
instructor, whose duty it is to initate them into the secrets of manual labor, practical
farming, &c. The girls are at the same time under care of the matron, who pays at-
tention to their physical and moral development. She also arranges the details of the
several departments of industry connected with the boarding house. Some are sent to
the sewing-room, where they are instructed by the seamstress in the art of making and
mending clothes for both sexes ; several of the larger girls use the sewing machine with
ease and skill. Others are sent to the kitchen and laundry, where they are taught the
duties of those departments, by Mrs. C. M. Haunan, who will not allow the children
under her care to put the meals on the tables half cooked or in any other way than in
most perfect order. The ordinary bill of fare is according to the schedule prepared
by the department, plus milk and vegetables raised on the school farm. The details
are so arranged as to give every girl an opportunity to learn the different forms of
household service.
FARM.
We have 20| acres of land under the plow, besides a hay meadow, from which 60
tons of hay have been cut this season. We have 13 acres in oats. 4 acres of potatoes,
and 4£ acres of carrots, cabbage, beets, and other vegetables.
ANIMALS.
We have 6 horses belonging to the Government on this reserve, 12 cows, 2 oxen, 1
bull, 7 yearlings, and 10 calves.
In concluding this report, which I expect shall be my last, as you have my resigna-
tion in hand, it will not be out of place for me to say that the progress of the older
Indians of the Payallup tribe, during the past few years, has been almost as marked
in their homes and throughout the whole reservation as has been that of the pupils
in the industrial school.
The Indian problem is being rapidly solved among the Puyallups. Comfortable
and tidy homes, substantial barns and fences, clearings so extensive as to show much
labor, and hundreds of tons of hay, with large crops of grain aud vegetables, plows,
wagons, mowers, &c., all bought and paid for by the Indians, together with a church
well tilled with devout worshipers on the Holy Sabbath, give evidence of Christian
civilization of a very gratifying character. Should this tribe progress in the future
as during the past ten years it will not be long ere they can assume all the responsi-
bilities of intelligent American citizens. Such a desirable consummation would be much
hastened by the securing of regular titles in fee simple of the homesteads on which
they reside'. I sincerely hope that your laudable efforts towards this end may be
speedly crowned with success.
With grateful memories of all your past kindness, and prayers for the continued
progress of that good work in which we have been colaborers for so many years.
Respectfully submitted.
G. W. BELL,
Teacher Puyallup Indian School.
JEo WIN EELLS, Esq.,
United States Agent, NisquaUt/t S'Kokomish, and other Indian Tribes.
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN WASHINGTON TERRITORY. 169
UNITED STATES INDIAN SERVICE, TULALIP AGENCY,
Tnlalip, H'axh., August, 1884.
SIR: In compliance with instructions contained in your circular letter of July 1,
1834, I have the honor to forward this my second annual report.
This agency comprises live different reservations described as follows :
The Tulalip Reservation, which istbe largest of the five, con tains 22,490 square acres
or about thirty-six sections on the northeastern shore of Port Gardner and north of
the month of the Snohomish River. Including Tu'alip Bay and Quiltsehda Creek, nine-
tenths of the lands thus described are covered with a heavy growth of fir and cedar
timber, except where it has been logged in former years. The remaining one-tenth
is mostly under cultivation. The population are estimated at 500, and many of these
are absent from the reservation the greater part of the year; a great many of the
young men find remunerative employment in the saw-mills and logging camps. Those
who remain continually on the reservation give their attention to farming, but it is
not carried on very extensively. The leading industry is the cutting of cord- wood
and 3,500 cords have been sold this year to the steamers at $2.50 per cord. With the
money thus procured the Indians are enabled to purchase for themselves and families
many of the necessaries of life. The majority of them dress well, and many, espe-
cially those who have been educated in the schools at Tulalip, keep their houses
clean and have them neatly furnished. During the past year 94 allotments in sev-
eralty have been made to these Indians.
The Swinomish Reservation, situated about 25 miles north of Tulalip Reservation
and occupying the peninsula on the northeast of Fidalgo Island, contains an area of
7,195 acres. This reservation is about two-thirds timber land ; the remaining one-
third is excellent farming laud especially the tide land on Swiuomish Slough ; 300
acres of this is diked, but until the present year none of it has been cultivated
owing to the difficulty of plowing it and turning the heavy sod with which it is cov-
ered. The Indians with the assistance of the farmer have this year plowed and sowed
in oats 45 acres of this laud; it is well atfcended'to, and an abundant crop is antici-
pated. Besides this they have worked faithfully repairing the dike, ditching, build-
ing fences, and have realized quite a revenue from the sale of cord-wood to the
steamers. The Swiuomish Indians number 175; about three-fourths of these earn a
living by civilized pursuits, the remaining one-fourth by fishing and hunting; during
the past year forty-five allotments in severalty have been made to these Indians.
The Lurnmi Reservation, situated 75 miles north of Tulalip, contains an area of
12,312 acres, three-fourths of which is excellent agricultural land. The Lummis
number 275, are a proud people, being both industrious and intelligent; 75 of them
have received their allotments in severalty. They are a home-loving people, and give
their attention entirely to farming. Many of them have excellent farms, good dwell-
ing houses and barns, and every family has cattle, horses, hogs and poultry. They
raise large quantities of grain, hay, and all the garden vegetables, and during the
last year have made 1,200 pounds of good butter.
The Madison Reservation, situated 50 miles south of Tulalip afc Madison Head, con-
tains an area of 7,284 acres, and this is covered with a heavy growth of fir and cedar
timber, which makes it very difficult to clear for agricultural purposes; therefore
very little farming is done on this reservation. The Madison Indians number 150,
and support themselves by working in the mills and logging camps ; also by fishing,
hunting, and gathering berries, which they dry in large quantities for winter use.
The Muckleshoot Reservation is situated on White River, 70 miles south of Tulalip,
and contains an area of 3,367 acres of very good farming and grazing land. No real
division of laud has been alloted to these Indians in severalty, but it is fenced into
small tracts and each family has control of all within their respective inclosures;
about 2,000 acres are thus inclosed and much of it is well tilled and promises an
abundant yield. The Muckleshoot Indians number 85 ; they are well advanced in
civilization and many speak English uuderstancungly ; they all wear citizen's dress,
and several of them have good homes and plenty of stock.
AGENCY.
The Tulalip Agency, beautifully located on Tulalip Bay, is the headquarters of the
agent and employes. The agency buildings comprise the agent's house, five houses
for employ es, the store-house, in which the goods and supplies for the Indians are
kept, one store which is occupied by the trader, one store-house on wharf, one barn,
and the saw-mill. They are all wooden frame buildings and all except the store are
very old, therefore requiring a great deal of work to keep them in repair. The agency
mill is run by water-power supplied by a creek which runs through the reservation,
and has a sawing capacity of 1,000 feet of lumber per day ; there is also a planer and
matcher attached. At this mill is sawed, planed, and matched all the lumber made
at the agency for building and repairs; also that used by the Indians for building
their houses. -
170 REPORTS OF AGENTS IN WASHINGTON TERRITORY.
The agency wharf has been rebuilt during the last year. The piles were got out by
the Indians and the lumber and sills were all sawed at the agency mill. One hundred
and two piles were driven, capped, and planked for $4.50 each; therefore, by an ex-
penditure of $459, we have an excellent wharf.
EMPLOYES.
The employe's allowed this agency are 5 in number, as follows : physician, clerk,
millwright, sawyer, and farmer.
The millwright keeps the mill in order and does all the carpenter work, repairing,
&c. The sawyer, who is a half-breed, runs the mill aud does the blacksmith work.
POLICE.
The police force, consisting of 9 privates and 1 officer, have been very efficient in
making arrests and prompt in reporting all cases of misdemeanor and other unusual
occurences on the different reservations under their supervision.
SCHOOLS.
The agricultural and industrial boarding schools located at Tulalip Reservation,
about 1 mile south of the Tulalip Agency, are composed of children from the five differ-
ent reservations herein described. These schools are maintained by a Government
contract under the management of the Sisters of Charity, who receive $25 per quarter
for the boarding, clothing, and tuition of each child. The school buildings are 6 in
number, 3 for the male and 3 for the female department. They are all wooden, frame,
or box buildings ; 4 of them are quite old, having been built since 1865, and are much
in need of repair.
SCHOOL EMPLOYES.
The school employ6s are 8 in number, 2 male teachers and 6 Sisters of Charity ; they
are all competent and well qualified for their various duties, taking a great interest
in their work and sparing neither pains nor trouble to advance the general welfare of
the children nuder their care, audit can be truly said thai a more zealous, energetic,
and efficient force of teachers cannot be found.
MALE SCHOOL.
Fifty-five boys have been in attendance during the past year. The school hours
are from 8 to 11.30 a. in. and from 1 to 3 p. m., and instructions are given by the in-
dustrial teacher from 3 to 5.30 p. m. each day. The school exercises consist of prayer,
reading, writing, spelling, arithmetic, grammar, composition, history of the United
States, book-keeping, and familiar science. The manual labor taught is type-setting,
attending to live stock, procuring and chopping fuel, gardening, farming, and car-
penter work. The system of teaching is the same as that adopted by the leading
schools of the Territory and the progress made by the pupils is astonishingly great,
comparing very favorably with that made by white children. I have taken great
interest in these schools,- and after careful examination I must report that they are in
every way well conducted, the pupils making extraordinary progress, and the amount
of good done them by the instructions they receive in these various branches of in-
dustry can scarcely be overrated.
FEMALE SCHOOL.
Forty-five girls have been in attendance during the past year; the hours for school
and the manner of instructing is the same as that of the boys. This school in its
various departments is really a model for neatness and good order. The organization
and discipline of the house are so complete and perfect that the pupils cannot help
but learn well and profit by it. The industries taught are general housework, wash-
ing, ironing, mending clothes, cutting out and making garments, gardening, dairy
work, crochet, braiding, embroidering, and different kinds of fancy work. The teach-
ers are in every way competent, and the example and instructions of six intelligent
zealous women cannot but produce a great impression on the minds of the children,
to whom they devote their untiring attention. The girls' school at Tulalip is consid-
ered a model school throughout this part of the Territory, receiving the greatest praise
from those who have had the pleasure of visiting it.
The good done the Indian people by this school is incalculably great.. With the
church, the school is the great civilizing element and those who have been brought
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN WASHINGTON TERRITORY. 171
up in both form the better class among our Indians. Their houses are neater and bet-
ter furnished, their partners and children are better dressed, their gardens better cul-
tivated; they attend church regularly and are industrious and well behaved.
RELIGION.
These Indians with a few exceptions belong to the Roman Catholic Church and are
very sincere and devout in the performance of their religious duties. During the
past year 141 of them were baptized, 52 confirmed, 38 received first communion, and 40
marriage ceremonies were performed. Their pastor, Rev. J. B. Boulet, works with
untiring zeal and perseverance to advance their spiritual welfare. He visits from
time to time the various reservations, upon each of which is a neat little church; his
spare moments are devoted to the publication of a neat little monthly paper, dedicated
to the advancement of the Indian youth ; it contains much good advice and pleasant
reading and is highly valued by the Indians. It has quite a large circulation, and as
at least one Indian in each family can read, it accomplishes much good, and I find
that education and Christianity promote the most healthy and permanent progress to-
wards civilization.
Verv respectfully,
PATRICK BUCKLEY,
Indian Agent.
The COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
YAKAMA AGENCY, FORT SIMCOE, WASH.,
August 15, 1884.
SIR: In accordance with the requirements of your circular letter of July 1, 1884,
I respectfully submit the following as my second annual report as United States
agent for the Indians of this agency.
YAKAMA RESERVATION.
This reservation is 60 by 40 miles in extent and contains over 800,000 acres of land,
about one-third of which is arable, and a large part of this arable land is the richest
in Washington Territory. All of the lands of this reservation not arable are mount-
ainous and hilly and afford excellent pasturage, and most of the mountain lauds
are well timbered with pine and fir. The reservation is comparatively well watered.
It is bounded on the northeast by the Yakama River, and on the north by the Ahtan-
num, a branch of the Yakama. The Satus, Topnish and Simcoe Creeks all head in
the mountains on the west side of the reservation and run east through the reserva-
tion 50 miles or more, and empty into the Yakama. The Simcoe and Topnish unite
about 20 miles before reaching the Yakama. The Satus, Topuish, and Simcoe have
all rich valleys with low bench lands between, all tiraberless prairie lands. Much of
the valley land is covered with rye grass and the bench lands with bunch grass and
sage brush.
PRODUCTIONS.
Wheat, oats, barley and ry e grow luxuriantly on the arable lands when properly
put in and attended to. Also potatoes, turnips, beets,' and other root crops produce
abundantly when rightly cultivated. A corn crop cannot be depended on except for
small table corn. Fruit, such as apples, pears, plums, cherries, and all small fruits,
can be produced in abundance by proper attention. Wild hay, such as rye and prairie
grass is so abundant that but little attention has been given to raising tiinotby hay,
but it succeeds well where it has been tried. The seasons are usually so dry that irri-
gation is necessary to successful farming on this reservation, though not much atten-
tion as yet has been given by the Indians to irrigation. In the low valley lands the
usual crops mature well without irrigation, but on the sage brush lauds when re-
duced to cultivation irrigation is indispensable to successful farming.
CROPS, THIS SEASON,
have not been as good as usual on accouutofthe early and continuous dry weather.
I have had cut and stacked for use of the Department stock 445 tons of hay. There
have been harvested and thrashed for the Department J,986 bushels of wheat, 588
bushels of oats, and 345 bushels of barley. None of the root crops have yet been
gathered except for daily use; but from appearances the Department potato crop will
172 REPORTS OF AGENTS IN WASHINGTON TERRITORY.
amount to about 1,500 bushels, besides turnips, carrots, beets, cabbages, squashes, &c.,
as per statistics herewith inclosed. The crops raised by the Indian farmers of this
reservation are short for the reason stated, but will be sufficient for their subsistence,
supplemented by many with wild roots, berries, fish, game, &c. As but a small por-
tion of the grain raised by our Indian farmers has yet been thrashed, the amount of
the same can only be estimated from observation as follows: Wheat, 15,000 bushels;
oats, 18,000 bushels; barley, 3,500 bushels ; hay, 3,000 tons; potatoes, 10,000 bushels;
turnips, 6,OOU bushels; carrots, 5,000 bushels; cabbages, 20,000 head; melons, 500
tons; squashes and pumpkins, 800 tons.
CONDITION, HABITS, AND DISPOSITON.
The condition of the Indians of this agency is various, the most advanced in civ-
ilization among them being about up to a level of the lower class of the civilized
among the whites. This advanced class of the civilized among the Indians of this
agency is not more than one-tenth of the whole. From this class they graduate down
in civilization to the lowest barbarism, which lowest barbarian class embraces fully
one-third or perhaps half of the Indians belonging to this agency. The greater part
of this lower class are non-residents of the reservation and seldom even visit the res-
ervation, and have no fixed homes, but like wild animals go wherever they can ob-
tain a subsistence with the least exertion and most securely. They are lazy and in-
dolent, have retained all the vices of their savage ancestors and absorbed largely the
grosser vices of the whites. They mostly encamp in the vicinity of the Columbia
River, whose abundant supply of salmon has always afforded them an unfailing source
of subsistence. But this supply is being rapidly diminished by the avaricious hordes
of white fishermen on the Lower Columbia with their improved methods of catching
fish. The habits of the Indians of this agency, like their condition, are various.
Industry is an acquired habit, not natural to any human being. Want is the parent
of industry. Persons driven to industry to satisfy want of some kind for years, ac-
quire the habit of industry, which in time becomes second nature. The wants of
civilized man being animal, moral, and intellectual, are innumerable, and drive him
to ceaseless industry to satisfy them. The lower order of Indians bning on the ani-
mal plane, have only animal wants, which are few and easily satisfied, hence they
are not driven thereby with sufficient continuity to create habits of industry. Civ-
ilization increases wants which drive to industry. The higher order of Indians hav-
ing a taste of civilization, have more wants than the lower order and acquire habits
of industry more or less, in efforts to satisfy their wants.
The disposition of these Indians is uniformly peaceable. Surrounded as they see
themselves by white men with their railroads and telegraphs and rapidly increasing
numbers, they will never again attempt war as they did twenty-nine years ago, in
the infancy of the white settlements, and got badly whipped then, so they will never
again go on the war-path against the white man.
PROGRESS MADE.
Civilization is a plant of very slow growth, especially during the struggling period
while starting from barbarism. With the Indian it is very difficult to make the start
and emerge from the barbarism of his ancestors deeply incrusted in the rude habits,
superstitions, and veneration of many centuries. Therefore it requires microscopic
powers of observation to detect the amount of progress made by auy Indian tribe in
one year. The Indians of this agency are not retrograding, that is certain, and as
nothing in nature stands still, this is conclusive proof that some progress has been
made during the year, especially among those who have heretofore broken loose from
their primitive barbarism. Their wants are increasing and they are making efforts
to satisfy these wants, and are becoming industrious in such efforts. They want more
comfortable houses and outbuildings. They want wagons, hacks, buggies, threshing,
mowing, and reaping machines, and better farming implements, &c. But the sure
approach of civilization can only come to Indians by the rising generation through
INDUSTRIAL BOARDING SCHOOLS.
There is but one on this reservation, though the fifth article of the treaty by these
Indians with the Government, ratified over twenty-five years ago, stipulated that
they should have established within one year after the ratification of the treaty two
schools, &c. But this is but one of the hundreds of broken promises by our Govern-
ment to Indians. The one industrial boarding school which I found here has been
improved considerably in many respects, both by additions to the number of Indian
pupils, which have been increased to over 150, and by a commodious addition to the
boarding house building, by which the dining room, kitchen, and laundry accommo-
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN WASHINGTON TERRITORY. 173
dations have been adequately enlarged. The additional bnildiugs to the boarding
house and school buildings authoiized by tbe Department have not yet been com-
pleted, but are in forward process of construction. If all Indian children of school
age belonging to this agency on and off the reservation were gathered up there would
be in the neighborhood of 500 of them. It is my desire to make provision for and
gather these children into the school here as fast as means will permit, as properly
conducted schools are the only hope and the only avenues through which our Indians
can pass from barbarism to our degree of civilization. Our Government has greatly
erred in not providing ample means and power for running all Indian children through
civilizing mills — Indian boarding schools.
A MISTAKEN AND PERNICIOUS POLICY.
Congress, at its last session, made provision for giving Indians homesteads free of
any charge, and inalienable for twenty-five years. In other words the Government,
after purchasing and paying the Indians for the public lands, now donates back to
them all of these lauds they choose to take. This policy is most pernicious to the In-
dians of this agency and unjust to the whites in the surrounding country. Nearly all
Indians of this agency who have made a start from barbarism reside on this reserva-
tion, and are making efforts, more or less successful, to support themselves by agri-
culture and stock-raising. The lazy, indolent, vicious, anti-civilization portion of
the Indians of this agency — the largest half — live off tbe reservation, with no fixed
homes, subsist mostly on fish supplemented by wild roots and berries, steal from the
whites and prostitute their women for gain, and many of them are addicted to drunk-
enness and gambling. An Army officer, a Major MacMurray, has been going around
among this outside vicious class of Indians for some weeks recently, armed with plats
and maps from different United States land offices of the districts embracing lands
along the Columbia^River, and showing these Indians the vacant United States lauds,
and advising them of their rights to take said lands gratis; that, upon taking or
accepting a homestead, they would be released from the control of the agent and
from surveillance of the Indian police, and could not be forced to go on the reserva-
tion or required to send their children to school; and upon accepting a hoinetead it
could not be taken from them by debt, taxes, or otherwise for twenty -five years.
This premium of privileges and immunities held out to this wild, lawless class to
accept 160- acre homesteads has and is proving so tempting to these wild outside as
well as inside Indians that they are rapidly condescending to accept homesteads
under the fostering care and direction of said major. But no improvements will ever
be made upon more than one in fifty of such homesteads beyond occasional pitching
a tent thereon, and in some cases a little patch fenced by brush or poles cultivated in
vegetables by the women. Said policy of inducing Indians to accept homesteads on
the public lands is grossly unjust to the whites for the following reasons : When these
Indians made their treaty in 1855 they reserved over 800,000 acres in this reservation
for themselves. About one-third of this reservation is splendid agricultural land.
Not more than one-tenth of the agricultural laud has been settled and occupied by
the Indians, so that this fine body of land which is free to all Indians and always has
been, and is held exclusively for their use, and no white man dare take or can ac-
quire a foot of it without the consent of the Indians and of the Government, is left
mostly unoccupied by the Indians of this agency; and the Government, instead of
requiring them to come on this reservation and take homesteads that belong to them
only, and where they are protected from the rapacity and vices of the white man, and
their children schooled, clothed, and boarded gratis, is now giving them homesteads
outside of lands they had sold to the white men and been paid for, and thus depriv-
ing the increasing tide of white immigrants of their right to take homesteads where
they have a right to, and on lauds that, in nine cases out of ten, are greatly inferior
in quality to the unoccupied arable lauds on this reservation, all of which white men
would gobble up by homesteads in one month if permitted to do so.
As before remarked, the greater portion of the Indians belonging to this agency who
are non-residents of this reservation are wild anti-civilization Indians. They nearly
all are known as drummers, dreamers, or pumpummers who have a wild superstitious
belief, in which they are very fanatical, that renders them unalterably opposed to the
white man's ways. They believe that if they will continue faithful to the old habits
and beliefs of their ancestors, that the Great Spirit will in the near future suddenly
bring to life all Indians who have died for the last thousand years or more, and will
enable the Indians to at once expel or exterminate all the whites and have the whole
country to themselves the same as before the white man came. They have rude
drums and meet in crowds ou Sundays and indulge in drumming and wild, fanatical
dances, and the old men make speeches to them, telling them of the good old times of
long ago, and of the good time coming if they will continue faithful to the ways of
their ancestors, &c. They are therefore strongly opposed to letting their children
come to school and do all they can to counteract in their minds the teachings of the
174 REPORTS OF AGENTS IN WASHINGTON TERRITORY.
school, of the employes and of Christianity. I have therefore frequently had to use
the Indian police in bringing their children to school. This is the class of Indians
among whom Major MacMurray has been making a pilgrimage in a four-mule ambu-
lance, driver, interpreter, and a young engineer. I am informed that these Indians
regard the major as a deliverer. They easily arrange to get squaw-men or other vi-
cions whites to enable them to obtain from the United States land offices the desired
homestead papers, which papers have a much greater value with the holders than
the lands therein named, as said papers constitute charters to freedom from agency
control and constraint.
These Indians are thus obtaining homesteads, or rather occasional stopping places,
among the white settlers, to whom they become nuisances and constant sources of
annoyance. As every Indian man and woman have more or less ponies which subsist
as they can by pasturage, summer and winter, and ofren break fences to get feed, and
every Indian family has a lot of dogs which often subsist at the expense of neighbor-
ing sheep, pigs, and chickens, and as these people move about on horseback much of
their time, they are opposed to having their way obstructed or to being turned aside
by the white man's fences, and will take the trouble to throw down but never to put
up fences in their way. I frequently get letters from white settlers complaining of
Indian trespassers and asking me to have them removed to their reservation, where
there are hundreds of thousands of acres of the finest pasture and arable lands unoc-
cupied. But, of course, under the policy of the Government I can do nothing for such
complaints, the just grounds for which will be greatly increased by gratis homesteads
to Indians. Thn fact that there is an ample sufficiency of rich, arable lauds in the
reservation to atford homesteads for three times as many Indians as belong to this
agency, including Moses's band, which belongs here by treaty, and that whites are
excluded from these lands, most of which are not and never will be used by Indians,
and the fact that hundreds of Indians of this agency are being induced to accept
homesteads outside among the whites, which few of them will ever cultivate and
which will be withheld from white men for twenty-five years, is an unjust and a dog-
in-the-manger policy that is and will prove a prolific source of trouble.
CONFLICT OF DEPARTMENTS.
I have understood that the Indians of this agency were wholly under my charge as
officer of the Indian Bureau of the Interior Department, and that all complaints by
Indians of this agency to the Government must pass through me as such officer, and
that in my official acts I am amenable only to officers of the Interior Department,
and that no officer of the War Department has any legal right to hear complaints of
Indians of this agency, or to examine into such complaints, or into my official conduct
or that of any employe" of this agency. But either I have been mistaken in my un-
derstanding of these matters, or an officer of the War Department has usurped authority
wholly outside of that Department. On the 23d of July, Major MacMurray arrived
here with his retinue, after visiting camps of non-resident Indians of this agency on
the Columbia River and appointing a council to be held on this reservation 24 miles
from the agency on the Yakama River with the outside bands of anti-civilization In-
dians and those who stop on the reservation that are opposed to progress. The fact
that he had appointed said council on the reservation was carefully concealed from
my knowledge while he was here. And in order to disarm suspicion in my mind he
stated in my presence through his interpreter to the Wild Dreamer Indian, at whose
camp he had appointed his council, that he would stop at his camp on his way to
Yakima City and look at his farm. I knew nothing of his council of some days with
Indians of this agency till it was over. He had a newspaper reporter with him from
Yakima City, and I see by his principal speech as published in one of the Yakima 'Jity
papers that he expressed himself much pleased to meet Smohoily, the great chief and
high priest of the Dreamers, with so many of his people who had not been on the res-
ervation before for years ;, that General Miles had heard many complaints from In-
dians belonging to this agency of wrongs by white people, both off and on the reser-
vation, and had sent him (Major MacMurray) to investigate these matters, although
he did not show me any authority from either General Miles or the War Department.
He further said that General Miles sent him to tell the Indians about their rights to
take homesteads on Government lands without the payment of any fees, &c. ; that
General Miles advised that old Indians take homsteadn on reservations where they
can be helped and protected, but that young men should take hornsteads among the
whites so as to learn white man's ways and to hasten to take homesteads before the
laud is all gone, &c. The anti-civilization Indians of this agency are thus taught and
encouraged to look to officers of the War instead of the Interior Department for ad-
vice, protection, and direction, and to refuse to obey or respect the authority of the
agent. The Government should place the Indians wholly under the authority of the
War or under that of the Interior Department. This mixing of the authorities of two
Departments over them is unwise and pernicious.
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN WASHINGTON TERRITORY. 175
THE INDIAN POLICE.
The Iiidiau police of this agency continue to prove very useful and efficient. They
are prompt in their obedience of all orders given, and in the performance of all duties
assigned them. From my observation of Indian police, I feel very sure that if better
paid and more efficient laws and regulations were enacted defining their powers and
duties both on and off their respective reservations, that they could be everywhere
safely relied on to preserve order and peace among their people.
The pay allowed is too small to always obtain voluntarily the best and most ener-
getic meii among them, and there is no law or authoritative regulation giving or recog-
nizing their official power outside of their respective reservations. This is unjust to
agents and a gross neglect. Of necessity agents have to assume the responsibility of
ordering their police to pursue and arrest lawless and refractory Indians outside res-
ervations. Should agents fail to assume this responsibility, and each recognize the
boundary of his reservation as the limit of his authority over his Indians, it would be
disastrous to his control and to iiood order. I speak from experience ; hardly a week
passes that I do not have to send some of my police beyond the boundary of this res-
ervation frequently many miles, and sometimes across theColumbia River into Oregon.
When I send them outside the reservation I always give them a written order nam-
ing the Indian to be arrested, the offense committed, &c., and requesting the civil
authorities of the county to assist the police when necessary. The authority of my
police to make such arrests has never been successfully resisted, but has been several
times questioned, and I of course have been unable to refer to any law or order giv-
ing me this assumed authority. But, as before stated, it was and is a choice between
assuming said authority or abandoning the control of the lawless and refractory In-
dians of this agency, who by simply crossing the line of the reservation could defy
my authority.
PIUTES.
According to the report of my predecessor, Rev. J. H. Wilbur, for 1879 (see report
of Commissioner Indian Affairs, p. 158), the Piutes, to the number of 543, were brought
to this agency as prisoners by the military on the 2d of February of that year. But
they have never been contented here, and commenced stealing away soon after they
were brought here. By the census of 1880, they only numbered 472. From the time
of their arrival they continued to draw rations weekly. Their language and that of
the Indians of this agency are totally dissimilar, and there has never been any frater-
nization or good feeling between them and the native Indians of this agency ; and I
have been unable to induce any of them to take homes in severally. About 300
of them left last summer, leaving only two bauds, that of Paddy Cap and Oitz.
Paddy, with his band of about 50, left in the forepart of June last for the Duck Val-
ley Reservation on the line between Idaho and Nevada, and Oitz's band of about 70
left on the 15th instant for the Warm Spring Reservation in Oregon, except about 20,
who are to remain till after hop-picking. This disposes of the Piute element of this
geucy. I had over 20 of their children in school here, but let them go with their
parents.
FISHERIES.
Fish has in time past been the main item of subsistence of the Indians of this re-
gion, and in their treaty they were careful to reserve the exclusive right to all fish-
eries on and adjoining their reservation, and the right of free access to all their other
accustomed fisheries in common with the whites. The last-named right was invaded
by a white man on the Columbia River above the Dalles a few miles, in this Territory,
who fenced up and excluded the Indians from access to two of their oldest and most
important fisheries. After trying in vain by reason to obtain for the Indians free ac-
cess to said fisheries, I had to resort to law, and applied through the United States
attorney for this Territory to the judge of the courts for this district for, and obtained,
a temporary injunction till the next term of court, when it will be tried and the in-
junction made permanent if the treaty is regarded as the highest law of the land.
LAND IN SEVERALTY.
That separate and permanent family homes with sure titles to homesteads is one
among the most important factors in progressive civilization, is so self-evident to
thinking minds that it needs no argument. My views on this point were fully ex-
pressed in my annual report for 1872. (See Report of Commissioner of Indian Af-
fairs for 1872, pages 329 and 330. ) But I am unable to assign and designate homesteads
on this reservation to Indians for the reason that the imperfectly marked lines and cor-
ners of land surveys on this reservation have become entirely obliterated. The arable
lands of this reservation are all either prairie or sage brush lands, so that there are no
176 REPORTS OF AGENTS IN WASHINGTON TERRITORY.
trees by which to mark lines or corners, and if corners were ever marked by the contract
surveyors such marks have entirely disappeared. Frequent disputes about bounda-
ries of farms and claims come to me for settlement, but for the reason that there are
no visible lines or corners I have had to postpone the settlement of all such conflict-
ing claims till a resurvey of these lauds can be made and corners permanently estab-
lished and marked. I trust that funds for obtaining such a resurvey will be speedily
allowed iis I have repeatedly requested.
JUDICIARY.
The judiciary system and reservation autonomy established by me in the early part
of last year, consisting of three reservation judges, a clerk of the court, and five jus-
tices of the peace for the judiciary, and three reservation commissioners, a reserva-
tion treasurer, and eight road supervisors in completion of the reservation autonomy
as fully set forth in my last annual report (see Report Commissioner Indian Affairs for
1881, pages 153 and 154), continues to work satisfactorily and is improving in efficiency
and in the esteem of all Indians who favor civilization. Elections were held in the
five justice of the peace districts of this reservation 011 the first Monday of April last
for the election of justices of the peace, and resulted in the re-election of three of the
former justices of the peace and two new ones. Elections for justices of the peace
are annual. I have heretofore appointed the three judges of the reservation court
and the clerk of the court, the three reservation commissioners and reservation treas-
urer, and1 the commissioners appointed the road supervisors at their spring term. I
have informed the Indians that at the time of the general Territorial election next
fall they are also to hold an election for three judges, a clerk of the court, three com-
missioners, a treasurer, and a prosecuting attorney for the reservation. This election
will be on the 10th of November next. The reservation commissioners hold four ses-
sions each year, and the reservation court two terms each year. The Territorial code
is taken as the guide as near as possible in the duties of the court, clerk, justices of
the peace, commissioners, treasurer and prosecuting attorney. Policemen perform the
duties of sheriff and constable for the court and justices of the peac.j.
MILLS.
The agency grist-mill 7 miles north of the agency is old and badly worn out. The
dam, too, has become rotten, and requires much patching to hold water. The mill is
at one side of the valley and out of the settled part. The Indians are anxious to have
this mill moved, or rather a new mill built about 15 miles southeast of the present
mill in a much more central part of the reservation where a stronger and more dura-
ble water-power can be had from the Topnish Creek, and they consented to the con-
tinuance of pasturage of stock by white men on the reservation on condition that the
proceeds of such pasturage be applied to building a mill at this central site. The
water-power at the old mill on the upper Sirncoe Creek becomes very weak in dry
seasons, only sufficient to grind a few hours each day, and if it continued there the
building and dam will have to be entirely renewed soon. The ageucy steam saw-mill
14 mils south of the agency is also old and nearly worn out, and needs a new build-
"ing, and mostly new machinery. The timber, too, for saw logs in the vicinity of the
mill has been cut off for miles away. This mill, too, should be moved to a site more
convenient to timber and more accessible to settlements on the reservation.
NEEDED LEGISLATION BY CONGRESS.
Our national laws in relation to Indians is a hotch-potch of incongruous acts by nearly
every Congress since the organization of our Government, and much needs revision,
or rather the enactment of a new code defining the powers and duties of inspectors,
of agents, and of the Indian police; creating an Indian judiciary system, aud defin-
ing the powers and duties of its officers ; fixing a practical and common-sense business
system of settling accounts between agents and the Government. But above all the
enactment of a law by which an Indian can become a citizen of the United States. We
have naturalization laws by which a foreigner, however ignorant, can acquire all the
rights and privileges of a citizen in a few years after his arrival in the United States,
but there is no law by which a full-blooded Indian, though born aud raised in the
United States, can acquire the full rights of a citizen. The privilege of taking home-
steads on public lands has been extended to Indians, but this does not confer the
right to vote, hold office, or to purchase any alcoholic beverage — a right so highly
prized by many of our citizens both native and foreign born. By the code of this
Territory it is made a criminal offense, punishable by fine not to exceed $500 and im-
prisonment not to exceed three mouths, to induce or offer to induce an Indian to vote.
(See Code Washington Territory for 1881, page 178, sec. 910.) By the same code it is a
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN WISCONSIN. 177
criminal offense, punishable by a fine of not less than $25, " to sell, barter, give, or in
any manner dispose of any wines, spirituous liquors, ale, beer, porter, cider, or any
other intoxicating beverage to any Indian or Indians," &c. (See Code Washington
Territory for 18bl, page 183, sec. 942.) If the pro visions of this section were extended to
all persons without regard " to race, color," &c., it would be much more just and ben-
eficial.
The wholesale provision in the Indian appropriation act approved July 4, 1884. giving
homesteads on public lands to all Indians gratis who will accept them without regard
to whether any such Indians have free access to homesteads on Indian reservations
containing arable lauds as good or better than they can obtain on the public lands, is
the. offspring of more sentimentalism than good sense, and for reasons stated is unjust
to whites, and, in most cases, of no benefit to Indians. Said provision should be
amended by a proviso that no Indian be permitted to take a homestead on public
lands while there are arable lauds equally as good on the reservation of his tribe uii^
occupied and free to him.
Very respectfully.
R. H. MILROY,
Indian Agent.
The COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
GREEN BAY AGENCY,
Keshena, Wis., September 1, 1884.
SIR: la compliance with your instructions I have the honor to submit my second
annual report of affairs at this agency. The Oneida, Stockbridge, and Menomoiiee
tribes comprise the Indians under the supervision of this agency.
THE ONEIDAS.
The Oneidas reside upon their reserve near Green Bay, in Brown County, Wisconsin.
They are comparatively self-sustaining, and receive only $1,000 per annum from the
Government under treaty stipulations besides being furnished six day-school teachers
without cost to the tribe. Referring to the report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs
for the year 1865, it will be seen that the Oneidas then numbered by the then last
census 1,064, while in December last the annuity pay-roll shows that the tribe num-
bers 1,628, an increase of 564, or nearly one-third of the present number of the tribe.
Farming is the principal avocation of these people and the present season they are
blessed with a bountiful harvest.
Laws. — The most intelligent class of these Indians realize the need of the enactment
of a simple code of laws for their government, to be well executed, for they now live
virtually without laws of their own; and owing to this fact the domestic relations of
many of the members of the tribe are considerably mixed. There being no tribunal
authorized to dissolve the marriage relations in proper cases, or which in fact does ex-
ercise that power, the practice is that when the bonds of matrimony become intolera-
ble to either party the aggrieved party deserts the other, and in many cases takes to
himself or herself another mate at one clear jump without the usual steps of divorce
and a second marriage ceremony, and in the relation so constituted rear families.
Some of the members of this tribe the last year have been clamorous for an allot-
ment of their lands in severalty, but thus far the efforts made in that direction have
been unsuccessful from the fact that the members have been unable to agree upon a
division. Now the lands are held in common and each member of the tribe selects
such an amount of the public domain not already appropriated as he or she can culti-
vate or improve and holds the same as long as desirable. The improvements made
upon the lands so held are sold and transferred among all the members of the tribe the
same as personal estate.
Schools. — Six day schools are now carried on to accommodate the children of this
tribe at their reservation, besides accommodations for about 50 pupils at the Menomo-
nee industrial boarding school, but all these accommodations are insufficient to pro-
vide for the children of this tribe, owing to the fact that the parents and guardians
of these children are scattered over a reserve of nearly three townships of land in ex-
tent, and in many cases are too far situate from the school-house to attend, and in
other cases the children are provided with an insufficient amount of clpthing to pro-
tect them from the inclemency of the weather. Knowing that only a limited number
of Oueida children could be accommodated at the Menomonee industrial boarding
school, I gave a preference first to the orphans, and second to those children without
a father or without a mother, and it was found that a larger number of these classes
existed than could be accommodated who were willing and desirous of attending the
school and presented themselves at the opening of schools for admission. A full quota
4266 IND 12
178 REPORTS OF AGENTS IN WISCONSIN.
for Carlisle was readily found in this tribe which has not before had a representative
there.
The language spoken. — A mistake has clearly been made in the earlier reports of this
tribe as to their speaking- the English language, for at this time it will be found that
nearly the whole of the tribe speak the Oneida dialect at home and when conversing
with each other, and their children are reared to hear scarcely any other spoken lan-
guage, except when at school, which renders their school progress slow with this double
burden.
THE STOCKBRIDGE TRIBE.
There is but a remnant of this tribe remaining, numbering only 136, several divis"
ions of the tribe having been made, and a part each time becoming citizens. Under
th'e existing laws of the State of Wisconsin nearly all the male portion of this tribe
over twenty-one years of age are qualified electors, and I am unable to see any reason
why the whole tribe should not become citizens and their tribal relations abandoned,
and they brought under the influence and control of the laws of the State, but leav-
ing their lands held in trust by the Government and exempt from taxation for a lim-
ited period ; and I am inclined to the opinion that such a course would have a bene-
ficial effect upon the morals of the members of this tribe and greatly improve their
present condition.
THE MENOMONEES.
The Menomonee tribe now numbers about 1400, and they reside on their reserve in
Shawano County, Wisconsin. They are engaged in lumbering winters, and to some
extent in farming in the summer season. An increased interest in the agricultural
Eursuit is observable, but this is far from what could be desired. Two years ago the
arming pursuit was almost wholly abandoned. The Indians having become distracted
by the glittering prizes they fancied they saw in the lumbering enterprise, turned dis-
gusted from the plow and field, and it has taken all the influence I have been able to
bring to bear upon them for the last two seasons to even get them back to the point
where they then were when they commenced lumbering. The farms of those who
pretend to farm will not exceed 4 acres in extent on an average, and as yet there
seems to be no great desire to increase their acres or labors in that direction. The
condition of this tribe at the present time will not compare favorably in an agricult-
ural point of view with its status twenty-five years ago. Five hundred dollars were
expended in procuring potatoes, beans, and seed-oats last spring for this tribe, and dis-
tributed among its numbers, and in many cases the potatoes and beans were eaten
by those who received the same, and the oats fed to their stock, and in some cases
the fields were abandoned after being planted or sowed.
Lumbering. — Last winter this tribe cut and put in about 4,500,000 feet of pine saw
logs, cut from dead and down timber, but the prices for which it was sold were so
low that it barely covered the expense of putting it in, and the-logs were found to be
a drug upon the log market when offered for sale. The experiment of keeping over
the logs cut the year previous fora better price than was offered last summer proved
to be a sad mistake and a clear loss to the lumbermen of about $6,000.
Standing green pine, — It is estimated that the Menomonees have about 300,000,000
feet of standing green pine, which would sell for $5 per thousand feet standing, net-
ting a sum total of $1,500,000. This pine, if sold and the funds placed at interest, would
make the tribe self-sustaining financially, and render any further appropriations by
Congress out of the United States Treasury unnecessary for the support and civiliza-
tion of this tribe and the expense of all necessary schools for its children. This pine
is exposed to damage and destruction by fires and other casualties, and the harvest
is ripe, and I would urge upon Congress and the authorities that active measures be
at once taken to save this fortune of the Menomonees and insure it against possible
loss, and render this tribe independent of the financial support of our Government.
At the present speed the lumbermen of this tribe are making cutting logs, it will take
them fifty years to make this pine into logs and put them in, and will be a hand-to-
mouth affair all through and the proceeds used up as fast as received, and the whole
fortune gone at last and the operators forced to seek other fields of labor.
Boarding schools. — The boarding schools now in operation upon the Menomonee
Reserve are ample to accommodate all the children and are tolerably well attended.
D. P. ANDREWS,
Indian Agent.
The COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
LA POINTE AGENCY,
Ashland, Wis., August 19, 1884.
SIR: In compliance with Department instructions, I have the honor to submit my
fourth annual report of the condition of this agency.
The agency comprises nine different reservations, located at remote points in Minne-
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN WISCONSIN. 179
sota and Wisconsin, occupied by the tribes known as Chippewas of Lake Superior,
and Bois Fortes, the former being located upon the Lac Court Oreilles, Lac du Flam-
beau, Bad River, and Red Cliff Reservations in Wisconsin, and the Fon du Lac and
Grand Portage Reservations in Minnesota; the latter upon the Bois Forte, Vermillion
Lake, aud Deer Creek Reservations, in the northern part of Minnesota.
Of these Indians the Bois Forte Band, numbering 700, only, are still in receipt of
payments under their treaty, the treaties with the Chippewas of Lake Superior having
expired. The annual payment to the Bois Forte Indians consists of $3,500 in money,
and $7,500 in provisions, clothing, and other supplies. These Indians are also fnruished
with a blacksmith and necessary shop supplies, a farmer, and a school-teacher and
assistant. Their location having been hitherto at a great distance from any white set-
tlements they are less advanced in civilization than the occupants of the other reser-
vations in the agency. Their chief support is obtained from hunting and fishing, and
they have almost exclusive occupation of a large tract of country outside their reser-
vation. This territory being dotted with small lakes abounding in fish and game there
has been less inducement to them to cultivate the soil, yet many of them are devoting
some attention to farming, and the acreage under cultivation, though small in amount
as yet, is steadily increasing; some of their younger men have found employment in
the development of the recently opened iron mines in the vicinity of the Vermillion
Lake Reservation, and are said to be industrious and reliable workmen. With the
approach of white settlements to their country comes the great curse of the Indian,
the whisky seller, aud I regret to have to state that drunkenness is rapidly increasing
among them. The school established at Vermillioii Lake has been well attended by
the children of the families located in that vicinity, and the teacher reports good
progress and a desire to improve among the pupils. The Bois Forte Reservation proper,
situated upon Net Lake in Saint Louis County, Minnesota, I have not been able to
visit since having charge of this agency, owing to its distance, the difficulty of reach-
ing it, and the multiplicity of my duties.
The Bad River. Reservation is situated in Ashland County, Wisconsin, with a shore
line of about 30 miles upon Lake Superior, embracing the outlets of three important
rivers, the Bad, White, and Kakagon. The Bad River is navigable by steamer to the
village of Odauah, the chief settlement of the Indians, about 5 miles from the lake.
At this point are located the Government farmer and blacksmith, the Presbyterian and
Catholic missions aud schools. These schools are well attended by the smaller chil-
dren, and religious services are more generally attended than is usually the case
among white communities.
Permission having been given by the honorable Secretary of the Interior for the
cutting and felling by the Indians of a portion of the pine upon their patented lands,
the work to be done under the supervision of the agent by the Indians, and the sales
to be approved by the honorable Commissioner of Indian affairs and the agent, this
has become the principal winter industry of the Indians, and has resulted in fur-
nishing them with a comfortable subsistence for all, and the acquisition of consider-
able sums by parties owning well-timbered lands. The use of the money so apquired
has not been nor could it be expected that in all cases it would be judicious, but a
marked improvement in the homes and surroundings of the Indians is apparrent, as
resulting from this source. The Indians upou this reservation are well advanced in
civilization, are industrious, self-supporting, and intelligent.
I have, during the past year, delivered to heads of families upon this reservation
20 patents conveying title to 80 acres of land each, in addition to the 124 delivered
during the previous year. The entire reservation is heavily timbered and many of
these patented tracts are unimproved from the fact that there are no roads leading
to them, and the Indians much prefer living in the village of Odanah. When urged
to settle upon aud improve their lauds, they give as an excuse for non-compliance
the impossibility of their children attending school when located at such a distance,
and the difficulty of transporting supplies with which to make the necessary clear-
ings and improvements. The Milwaukee, Lake Shore aud Western Railway are
now making a preliminary survey through this reservation preparatory to the exten-
sion of their road to Ashland, Wis., which will open up a valuable portion of the
reservation, making a market for the timber and other products, and furnishing em-
ployment for the young men.
This reservation covers an area of 124,333 acres; the number of Indians of the band
appearing upon my rolls as having received annuities during the past year is 472, or
about one-half the entire number of the band.
The Red Cliff Reservation, situated in Bayfield County, Wisconsin, has an area of four
sections of land, all of which is owned in fee by the Indians inhabiting it, in tracts of
80 acres for each head of a family. The members of this band are nearly all of mixed
blood, are self-suppprting, deriving their subsistence from the products of their small
clearings, from fishing, lumbering, and labor in the mills and lumber camps in the
vicinity. They have been in former years recognized as citizens bv the local officers,
have been permitted to vote, to hold town and county offices, and should be formally
180 REPORTS OF AGENTS IN WISCONSIN.
admitted as citizens of the United States. There are no Government employe's upon
this reservation. Annuity distributions have been made in payment for labor and to
the poor during the past year to 214 persons of this band. Many of its members
reside permanently in Bay field and La Pointe, where they support themselves by
their own industry. The day-school upon this reservation, supported by the Catholic
Mission is well attended, and the progress of the pupils is very satisfactory. The
Catholic order of Saint Francis have also built a church upon the reservation, where
the religious services are well attended.
Lac Court Oreilles Reservation, situated in Sawyer County, Wisconsin, has an area
of 69,13(5 acres, and the number of Indians appearing on my rolls as having received
annuities during the past year is 1,041. The reservation, like all in this agency, is
heavily timbered, and much labor is required to clear the land for farming purposes ;
the amount of land under cultivation is, therefore, limited, but a gradual increase of
acreage cultivated is apparent from year to year.
The pine, timber upon the reservation is of large amount, and of good quality. Dur-
ing the past winter nearly every able-bodied man upon the reservation has been en-
gaged in lumbering operations, the amount cut and sold exceeding 30,000,000 feet,
board measure. The result of these operations has been to distribute a large amount
of money among them, aud but few communities in the State are in a more prosperous
condition than the members of this band.
A large part of the soil upon the reservation is of good quality for farming pur-
poses, and the crops raised find a ready market. This band appears to be making
more rapid progress in civilization than any other in the agency. The principal draw-
back to their progress is the facility with which whisky can be procured at the various
villages on the outskirts of the reservation. I have spared no exertion to break up
this villainous traffic, but my success has not been what I could have desired. Dur-
ing the past year I have delivered to members of this band 77 patents, covering 80
acres of laud each, in addition to the 188 reported during the previous year. There
are employed upon this reservation by the Government, for the assistance and in-
struction of the Indians, a farmer and a school teacher aud assistant. There are also
upon the reservation two schools supported by the Presbyterian Board of Foreign
Missions and one by Catholic missions.
The business of this reservation is sufficiently important to occupy the whole time
of a resident agent, aud an earnest man could,'! believe, accomplish most satisfactory
results, the Indians being intelligent, energetic, and anxious to reach a higher state
of civilization. Mr. Pero, the Government farmer employed here, is an active, ener-
getic man, aud I have been forced to rely on him almost entirely for the work neces-
sary to be done here, and although the task is too much for any one man, I have ever
found him willing and anxious to render every assistance in his power to contribute
to the welfare of the Indians under his charge.
The Lao du Flambeau Reservation, situated in Lincoln County, Wisconsin, upon
Flambeau Lake, headwaters of the river of that name, contains 69,824 acres of land,
mostly heavily timbered ; the number of Indians upon this reservation receiving an-
nuities during the past year was 511. No Government employe's have ever been lo-
cated here, and the Indians have made but little progress in the habits of civilized
life. No allotments have been made of lands in severalty, nor do I think it advisable
at present that there should be.
An appropriation has been made for the employment of a teacher for the current
fiscal year. I have not as yet been able to secure the services of a proper person for
the position nor to erect the necessary buildings. The road to this reservation is im-
passable for teams in summer, and I may not be able to get in the necessary material
until the ground freezes. I shall, however, make every exertion to have the school
started at the earliest possible time, and hope with this assistance to be able to show
some improvement in the condition of this band during the coming year.
These Indians support themselves principally by hunting, fishing, and labor in the
lumber camps upon the Flambeau River; they cultivate small patches, principally of
corn; the early frost of last year ruined this crop and caused some suffering among
them from scarcity of provisions. I gave employment to a number of them in cutting
a road through the reservation to connect with the lumbering roads leading to the
Wisconsin Central Railroad, paying for the labor in provisions.
Over this road I expect to be able to transport the annuity goods and supplies during
the present winter, making the distribution for the first time upon the reservation.
The annuity distribution has hitherto been made at a point upon the railroad about
30 miles from the reservation, and the benefit derived from the distribution has been
counterbalanced by the drunkenness and debauchery which has usually succeeded.
I have had arrested and punished many parties engaged in selling whisky to these
Indians, but unprincipled parties can always be found to act as go-betweens, pur-
chasing from the rum shops and carrying to'the Indians, and although some of these
have also been punished, the great majority escape detection. Making the distribu-
tion upon the reservation has hitherto been impossible, owing to the limited amount
REPORTS OF AGENTS IN WISCONSIN. 181
of transportation fund allowed. This season I hope to do so, thus avoiding the loss and
the drunkenness which lias been attendant upon previous occasions.
During the month of June last an epidemic of diptheria in a malignant form broke
out in the Indian village upon the reservation, and upwards of thirty deaths occur-
red, principally among children, from this cause. Having no Government physician
at the agency, at my request Drs. Harrison, of this place, and Thompson, of Lincoln
County, visited the reservation. Arriving at the Indian village they found that the
Indians had dispersed to distant points upon the reservation, and that the disease
had abated. Finding no cases at that time, they gave the Indians such sanitary
advice as was necessary in case of another outbreak of the disease and returned.
Since that time I have heard of no recurrence of the disease.
The Fon dn Lac Reservation is situated upon the west bank of the Saint Louis River,
in Carlton County, Minnesota. It contains an area of 100,121 acres, and the number
of Indians enrolled and who received annuity distributions during the past year was
403. No employe's have been located upon this reservation for many years until
within the past year, when a farmer and teacher have been employed. The lauds
upon this reservation have been hitherto held in common, but during the past year
many of the Indians selected tracts which they desire alloted to them, and are mak-
ing improvements upon their claims. There is a considerable amount of pine and
other valuable timber upon this reservation, and much of the land is of excellent
quality for agricultural purposes and could be easily cleared. The Indians of this
band support themselves from the products of their' gardens, from the employment
they receive from manufactories adjoining the reservation and partly from hunting
and fishing. The attendance upon the school is somewhat irregular, and chiefly by
very young children, but their progress is very favorably reported by their teacher.
Quite a number of this band who have hitherto resided "entirely off the reservation,
where they could find employment, have returned during the past year, made selec-
tions of laud which they desire allotted to them, and erected comfortable houses upon
their claims; these houses are built of hewn logs, the roof and floors being made ol
lumber furnished by the Government.
The Grand Portage Reservation is located upon the north shore of Lake Superior,
near the Canadian boundary. It has an area of 51,W40 acres, and 258 members of the
band were enrolled and received annuities during the past year. The land comprised
in this reservation, so far as it has come under my observation, is rocky and sterile,
and of very littln value. Most of the Indians of the band are scattered at various
points in the surrounding country, wherever they can find employment, very few of
them remaining permanently upon the reservation. There is employed upon this
reservation a Government teacher, but the attendance of the school is small and ir-
regular. Owing to the isolation of this baud and the teacher being the only white
man in that vicinity from whom any information can be obtained regarding theircir-
cumstances, and the expense of retaining him being moderate ($480 per annum), I
have continued to recommend his employment, though the results in an educational
point of view would hardly seem to warrant the employment of a teacher.
In general I regret to say that I cannot note a very marked improvement in the
Indians of this agency. Upon the reservations where logging has been carried on
there is an improvement in the comfort of their dwellings, in the matter of dress, and
to some extent in the acreage brought under cultivation, but among the community
in general there appears an apathy and want of ambition which gives me little encour-
agement. In a few cases the money so acquired has been invested to good advantage
in permanent and substantial improvements, but many of them seem indisposed to do
further work until the proceeds of the past winter have been expended. It is impos-
sible for me, situated as the reservations are at distant points from the agency, to
exercise much personal influence upon them. I can ouly visit once for a few days
during the year some of the reservations, and the others infrequently and for but short
periods.
The curse of the whole race and the great drawback to their advancement is the
facility with which they can procure whisky. I have neglected no opportunity to
prosecute any parties against whom I could bring evidence who were engaged in this
nefarious business, but there is a large class of men upon the outskirts of civilization
without principle or character who readily act as middlemen between the Indian and
whisky seller for a commission, and by them the Indian is robbed and debased, and
efforts t<> improve his condition are rendered unavailing. Although I would not en-
courage I should readily overlook a little lynch law, executed by the Indians them-
selves upon this class of miscreants.
There has been no suffering for the necessaries of life among any of the bands of
this agency. There has been no unusual amount of sickness among them, except in
the case of the Lac du Flambeau band above noted.
Of the educational progress made I cannot speak decidedly from personal obser-
vation ; the attendance upon the schools is chiefly by children under ten years of
age and is not regular and continuous. I do not know that in their present condi-
182 REPORT OF AGENT IN WYOMING TERRITORY.
tion better results can be obtained at reservation schools. In conversation with the
Indians they seem to realize the importance of obtaining an education for their chil-
dren, but it finally seems to be left optional with the children themselves whether
they shall attend or not, no compulsion being used to secure regularity of attendance.
There have been 110 serious acts of criminality among them come to rny notice, the
only disturbance* being caused by intoxication.
Returning thanks for the kindness with which my requests for assistance have
always been met by the Department, and regretting that I cannot make a more rose-
colored report of progress, I remain, very respectfully,
W. R. DURFEE,
Indian Agent.
The COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
SHOSHONE AGENCY, WYOMING TERRITORY,
August 15, 1884.
SIR: I have the honor to submit my first annual report as agent of the Shosbone
and Arapaho Indians, located up<»n this reservation.
I assumed charge on the 19th day of February of this year, the weather inclem-
ent and very severe, thermometer registering 35°, making it almost impossible to
properly examine the stock of merchandise and farming machinery for which I had
to give niy receipt. I found most of the annuity goods in order, with the exception
of machinery and farming implements. All the farming machinery is of ancient de-
sign, heavy, broken, and unfit for use. There being no possible way of housing the
large farming machines, such as threshers, mowers, rakes, plows, and wagons, they
have for years stood the summer's sun and winter's storm, until at the present time
the only service they are fit for is to show the rising generation the immense strides
the American mechanic has made in improving labor-saving machinery. Under
some of the former administrations an Indian agency was the depository of goods as
useless to an Indian as a Greek dictionary, and the consequence is that I find the
little warehouse-room I have clogged up with material utterly worthless in this coun-
try and in quantities sufficient to supply the whole Territory.
Subsistence, the article the Indians needed most, was almost exhausted, and it was
necessary for me to at once curtail the issue of rations, and had it not been for your
kind and prompt action in giving me authority to purchase flour and beef in open
market, my Indians must have starved or left the reservation to commit depredations
on cattle roaming the hills. Such acts, I am happy to state, have been avoided, and I
can safely say that my 2,000 Indians, classed as wild, roving, and uncivilized, are as
peaceable, orderly, law-abiding men as can be found in any new territory. No nation
on the face of the globe can furnish 2,000 people who will submit quietly to beipg-
confined between unknown lines and starved to death while cattle can be had for the
killing. My Indians have done it; not a complaint has reached me of their having
killed any white man's cattle.
FARMING.
The Indians on this reservation have, until the last year or two, been living in a
land of plenty ; were provided by a kind Providence with food suitable to their wants.
The mountains were full of bison, elk, deer, bear, and antelope. The antelope grazed
in the valleys in herds of thousands, almost as tame as domestic cattle. While meat
was at the door of the tepee it was useless to ask the Indian to farm, especially as he
had no fondness for the food of the white man. Now the inevitable is coming to
pass — the wholesale slaughter of animals for their skins has driven tbe few surviving
to the fastnesses of the mountain, and days and months of laborious toil poorly re-
ward the Indian for the privation he has suffered.
Some of them have listened to advice and reason, and broken small patches of
ground which they have fenced in a rude way, for timber is scarce in this country,
and have planted oats, potatoes, and garden truck. Some few planted wheat, but at
the time wheat should have been planted they were in a starving condition, and, pre-
ferring the bird in hand to two in the bush, put the grain where they thought it
would do the most good. No people more fully obey the injunction of the Bible,
"Take no thought ot the morrow what ye shall eat." In raising garden truck some
are very successful, and bring their produce to the agency and post for sale. I issued
for planting 5,500 pounds of wheat, 18,600 pounds of potatoes, 3,700 pounds of oats,
besides a quantity of garden seed. I issued and loaned 40 wagons, 24 plows, 12 har-
rows, 30 hoes, and 40 rakes. Unfortunately the Indian, like many white men, starts
out with good intention, but, lacking stability of purpose, falls by the wayside. He
REPORT OF AGENT IN WYOMING TERRITORY. 183
who has been in the habit of gathering the fruit of his labor at the crack of his rifle
finds it tedious waiting for the maturing of his crops. Let us not despair. The arts
of civilization cannot be learned in a day. Where two plant this year four will next,
and at this geometrical progression we will solve the Indian problem.
The employe force has been kept very busy making and repairing fences and ditches,
cutting and hauling hay for agency use and the use of the school, also in cutting hay
for Indians who had taken care of meadow land. We cut it for them with machine.
They rake, stack, and haul to market for sale. Some of them will realize as much as
$150. We have in enough oats for agency stock — say about 20 acres. We have a 300-
acre field fenced. I am told that at one time most of it was broken. I can only say
that it has gone back to a state of nature ; some few acres are in use by Indians, and
the school has planted some potatoes in it. It was the intention to give this field to
Indians for their farms, but they will not use it, preferring to select small patches of
bottom land which can be easy'irrigated, and where they can congregate in family
bands. The area of this reservation embraces about 30 by 50 miles, in which the
Indian can locate to suit his fancy. They are thus so scattered that it is next to im-
possible to render them much assistance in faiming.
STOCK ANIMALS.
I have 8 yoke of oxen, which, until the present time, have been roaming at large as
I had 110 use for them. I am now utilizing them in hauling wood for the school,
which will require 50 cords of wood and 50 tons of coal. I would gladly turn them in
as beef and invest the value in two spans of good work-horses. I have one pair of
mules in fair condition, one first-class horse and one not so good, and a fair pair of
horses that I have loaned to the school.
INDIAN ANIMALS.
Until recently the Indian cared only for his ponies. The Wind River Valley is a
fine grass country, and they raise thousands of small horses. Their stock is gradually
improving by a better grade of horses, brought in from Utah by the Utes who ex-
change them for buffalo robes. They are just beginning, when too late, to appreciate
the value of cattle. The cattle given to the Shoshones a few years ago, on the ced-
ing back to the Government a portion of their reservation, have been mostly stolen
orsold to the white men livingon ornearthe reservation, for afew dollars, whilst those
given to the Arapahoes a few years ago for stock cattle have been eaten up or gobbled
up by the cattlemen of the neighborhood. It is no uncommon sight to see a white
man's cow with a half dozen calves, while the Indian cow has none. If when the cat-
tle were given them they had been branded U. S. they could not have sold them, and
the only loss would have been those killed for beef. They are now seeing their error,
and a few are gathering up the remmants that remain and putting their private
brand upon them. Blackcoal, Arapaho chief, has probably 50 head in his herd;
Washakie, Shoshone chief, about a dozen. For the benefit of our common country,
as well as for the Indians, I think it would be wise policy to purchase and loan to
the five heads of each tribe ten good-sized stallions, branding them U. S. ; they would
not be lost or stolen, and a breed of horses would be raised that for hardiness and en-
durance could not be surpassed.
AGENCY BUILDINGS
consist of seven buildings for dwellings, which were built by contract fourteen years
ago for the sum of $13,000. They are log houses, one story high, two rooms front, and
kitchen back ; one warehouse built of stone ; carpenter shop and blacksmith shop
under one roof, frame. A room attached to the shop makes a home for the black-
smith and family. There is a log house, formerly used as school and church, which
is now used by the school as a store- house for tools and sleeping department for em-
ploye's. There is a frame building, under one roof, receipted for as one grist mill and
one saw-mill; the inclosed part of it is used for a warehouse, the saw-mill and grist-
mill are only " on the papers." An office and council room is needed. The agent's
house has just been put in habitable order by the expenditure of foOO, and as the
Department has granted me |l,20u to spend on agency buildings I trust that before
winter the buildings will be shingled so that my employe's can live in them without
the necessity of oil-cloth clothing. Our stable is an old stockade, covered with straw,
but with thermometer at 40° it is little better protection to our stock than the open
prairie.
184 REPORT OF AGENT IN WYOMING TERRITORY.
EMPLOYES
all work harinoniotisly together. I have seen no necessity of any change in the list
as handed to me by'my predecessor. My blacksmith resigned, having found that he
could make better wages, and I had some difficulty in finding a suitable one to take
his place. By authority I employed a harness-maker for two months to repair har-
ness. As we have a large amount of harness it was money well spent. My carpenter
and smith are kept busy repairing one hundred old wagons so that they can be used
for freighting. The farmer and assistant have all they can attend to. We have put up
about 50 tons of hay for agency stock and for the school stock. By authority granted
I have three men employed for three months to haul wood and coal. No one here con-
fines himself to any particular line of duty, but knows that when labor is required he
must be ready to give an assisting hand. The wages allowed by the Government are
far below what should be paid for competent employe's.
INDIAN POLICE
consists of chief of police and six privates. I have had occasion to make but one
change in this department. One private was discharged because he was too lazy to
draw anything but his salary and rations. They can be depended upon to do what
they are ordered to do, and if sent out to bring in a suspected party they will bring
him in at any cost. Although I believe the Department pretends to furnish them with
pistols arid badges for their protection, none have been received at this agency. The
pay of $5 per month for man and horse cannot be considered an extravagance on the
part of the Government. Having no lock-up, the only punishment I can inflict is
to cut off rations, but as the Department has most effectually done that, the threat
has lost its terror.
TRANSPORTATION.
All the supplies for this agency are transported from Rawlins here by Indians; the
distance is 150 miles. During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1884, they have trans-
ported with their own teams 310,000 pounds of freight and have received in payment
for freighting the sum of $3,500. The freighting was promptly done without loss,
and teams and freight brought in in good order.
MILLS.
I have on the ground a first-class 30-horse engine and boilers. They have not been
put in position, for want of funds. The machinery of an old saw-mill was hauled
by my predecessor 15 miles into the mountains. As there is but little timber where
it is and a doubtful supply of water, and as it takes the better part of a day to reach
it with teams, I have not thought it policy to spend any money to put it in running
order.
/
FURS AND ROBES.
Furs and robes are getting very scarce, as will be seen by the following table:
Year.
Kind of furs and robes.
Number.
Average
value.
1882
Buffalo robes
2 400
*$6 50
1883
do
1 500
*7 00
1884
do
500
*7 50
1883
Deer and elk
weighinc* 9 000 pounds
4 500
t7 15
1884
Deer and elk,
weighing 12,000 pounds . . .. .
6 000
155
t
* Each. t Per pound.
Other furs, say, amount to $1,000.
It will be seen that as the buffalo died out attention was turned to deer and elk,
and as the buffalo dropped from 2,400 to 500 in two years we can easily see the fate
of the deer and elk. They will be killed off faster than the buffalo, for the reason
that they are now being killed for food as well as hide. Then what is to become of
the poor'lndiari. When they had the meat of 2,400 buffaloes the Government gave
them 1,200,000 pounds of beef. When but 1,500 buffaloes their beef was reduced to
750,000 pounds, and when but 500 buffaloes was all they could kill I am reduced to
525,000 pounds of beef. I do not believe they will be able to kill 200 buffaloes this
coming season. What they are to live on God only knows, and he won't tell.
REPORT OF AGENT IN WYOMING TERRITORY. 185
CIVILIZATION.
Civilization of these Indians is advancing slowiy. The number that wear clothing
is greatly on the increase, and a majority of them wear some piece of white people's
clothing. Most of the males prefer leggins to pantaloons, ami will often cut the seat
out of new pants to convert them into leggius. They do not like to live in houses, for
the reason that they soon become infested with vermin and full of filth. A tepee
they can move when the filth becomes unbearable to an Indian, but a house they can-
not move. When it is remembered that but a few years have elapsed since these
Indians were bloody-thirsty savages their improvement gives very promising encour-
agement. If the Government will use a wise policy and furnish them sufficient sub-
sistence, so as to prevent the necessity of their taking their whole family with them
when they go hunting, they would soon learn to enjoy the comforts of domestic life
and be absent only long enough to furnish meat for the family at home. There is no
use of talking religion or endeavoring to civilize an empty stomach. It can't be done.
SANITARY.
The sanitary condition of the Indians on this reservation has been very good. Dur-
ing the past year the number of deaths reported have been thirty-one (31). But one
new case of venereal disease has presented itself for treatment; the chronic cases are
doing well ; death has lessened the number. The Indian comes freely to the agency
physician, and their faith in the potency of his treatment is rapidly gaining strength.
While the Indian medicine men still practice their ways among the Indians, they
would be of little use and but little sought for were a hospital built at the agency
where they could receive constant treatment. Our school is growing rapidly, and it
may be well to consider the propriety of erecting a suitable building where, in the
case of fever or contagious disease, the invalid can be removed to it for the safety of
others.
NEW SCHOOL-HOUSE.
The new school-house is built of adobe, and is — feet front and — feet deep — main
building with two wings, one — feet, and the other, in which is the dining-room,
kitchen, and laundry, is — feet deep. The building was built by contract for the
sum of $11,000, and when handed over to me ou April 9 of this year, the contract be-
ing complied with, the building was not painted, there were no steps, and are none
to-day to reach the outside doors, which are 2 feet from the ground, no outhouses of
any description, no closets, shelving, or cupboards, nothing but the walls and roof.
In'this incomplete building we have 40 children, and expect to have 70 in a few
weeks.
SCHOOLS.
The progress made by the scholars in their studies has been on the whole satisfac
tory. They write a good hand and are apt at figures. Some of them have advanced
as far as fractions in arithmetic, but in the more important subjects of reading and
speaking English they have not made the progress they should have done. The con-
duct during school hours is remarkably good; they are quite diligent and painstak-
ing. It would, I think, be difficult to find in a civilized community better behaved
children.
Of their industrial work I can speak highly. They are willing and obedient, ready
at all times to follow their instructor and to do what they are able to do. On the
school farm about two and a half acres have been planted with potatoes and three
acres sown with wheat, The potatoes have not done well. They will average about
half a crop. The grain looks better and may make a fair yield. Fifteen tons of hay
have been stacked, a cellar dug, fuel for the summer months, and poles for corrals
hauled a distance of 7 miles ; a considerable quantity of dirt and de"bris has been
carted from the school grounds, all of which work the boys helped in doing, The
school has the use of a pair of horses belonging to the agency, and is the owner of 7
dairy cows and calves. The average attendance during the year was 16 boys and 2
girls. Until recently we could accommodate no more. The Shoshoues have been
averse to sending their children to school, but this week they have sent us 16, which
swells our number to 40 boarders. More are expected in a few weeks. With our
spacious building we can conveniently accommodate 80 scholars.
In giving thanks to the Department for its prompt and generous response to my
many wants, I promise to so manage the affairs of this agency that the .best interest
of the service and the welfare of the Indian. shall at all times be the object in view.
I have the honor to be, most respectfully, yours truly,
S. R. MARTIN, Agent.
The COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
186
REPORT OF CARLISLE SCHOOL.
INDIAN INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL, CARLISLE BARRACKS,
September 12, 1884.
SIR : I have the honor to transmit herewith my fifth annual report.
The following table of statistics shows the population for the period of report:
Connected
with school
at date of
last report.
New pupils
received.
Total.
Returned
to agencies.
Died.
Remained
at school.
Total
Boys.
Girls.
Boys. Girls.
Boys.
Girls.
Boys.
Girls,
Boys.
Girls.
Apaches
3
17
1
26
10
10
2
10
47
9
5
9
57
45
1
1
9
50
18
1
19
11
2
7
10
6 ' 56
9 27
1
10 | 29
11
4 6
""'"i" 14
Arapahoes
8
1
Caddoes
Cheyennes
11
""is
8
2
4
1
49
13
23
8
19
1
1
15
1
8
1
3
5
1
9
"".>
1
Comanches
Creeks
Chippewas
8
Crows
8
i
5
6
Delawares
Gros Ventr6s
1
3
4
1
3
1
5
1
1
1
lowas
2
i
1
i
7
|
1
2
1
3
4
I
1 4
4
1
Kaws
Keechies
Kiowas ....
2
1
3
5
2
8
3
4
J2
9
5
30
34
4
9
31
4
31
1
2
82
41
6
2
1
1
2
1
1 ! 3
1 ! 2
Menomouees
5
3
1
2
2
Miarais
1
i
" i
2
1
2
1
Modocs
2
10
4
3
20
20
2
1
8
4
2
2
1
2
10
14
2
...„
Navajos
4
2
3
1
13
1
4
2
2
8
1
6
4
6
3 i 7
Nez Perc6s
2
2
Northern Arapahoes
Omahas
2
5
10
1
19
7
1
4 i 23
4 11
2 i 3
1 1 1
e ; 22
2
Osages
Ottawas
3
10
" ~5
9
Onondagas
4
7
Pawnees
16
2
10
Pueblos
11
1
1
10
8
2
7
i
5 15
Pottawatornies .........
1
21
45
24
1 2
20 65
7 31
Sioux Rosebud
23
26
3
11
0
3
2
27
6
5
8
3
10
2
3
2
Sioux, Pine Ridge
Sioux Sisseton
Seminoles
2 2
2
2
2
2
Towaconies
1
1
1
"Wichitas
4
3
2
o
7
4
3
4
4
2
2 4
239
122
139
69 ' 569
100
94
2
4
276
93 369
PLANTING OUT.
Of this number I placed out on farms and in families during the year, for longer or
shorter periods, 44 girls and 173 boys, and have arranged for keeping out about 110
the ensuing winter, to attend the public schools where they are located, or to receive
private instruction in the families. This is by far the most important feature of our
work, and, to rny mind, points the way to a practical solution of the difficulties and
antagonisms separating our Indian from our other peoples, convincing both races of
the true character and capacity of the other. Of the fl7 placed out last year, 90
were reported as excellent in conduct, 63 as good, 46 as fair, and only 18 as bad; 84
are reported as excellent workers, 83 as good, 41 as fair, and 9 as lazy.
I established a regulation that all who went out from the school should do so in-
tirely at the expense of their patrons, and should receive pay according to their
ability. The results have been most satisfactory. The absence from the school has
been in nearly every case a clear saving to the Government of their support during
such period of absence, and many of the boys and girls, besides supplying themselves
with clothing, have earned and saved considerable sums of money, which, I find, has
a most excellent influence. An Indian boy who has earned and saved $25 or $50 is,
in every way, more manly and more to be relied upon than one who has nothing ;
whereas, had he received the same sum as a gratuity the reverse would be the case.
Necessarily we have to send out the most advanced and best students. Those re-
turned to their homes, added to the accessions made to the school during the year,
REPORT OF CARLISLE SCHOOL. 187
unfortunately limited the number competent to be placed out. Two years of school
training and discipline are necessary to fit a new pupil for this outing. The rapid
progress in English speaking, the skill in hand and head work, the independence in
thought and action pupils so placed gain, all prove that this method of preparing and
dispersing Indian youth is an invaluable means of giving them the courage and ca-
pacity for civilized self-support. An Indian boy, placed in a family remote from his
home (and it is better distant from the school), surrounded on all sides by hard-work-
ing, industrious people, feels at once a stronger desire to do something for him-
self than he can be made to feel under any collective system, or in the best Indian
training school that can he established. His self-respect asserts itself ; he goes to
work, behaves himself, and tries in every way to compete with those about him.
For the time he in a measure forgets the things that are behind and pushes on
towards a better life.
There is, however, one drawback to the success of this or any other method that
may be established which applies to those belonging to ration and annuity tribes.
We find from the course of thought among those belonging to such tribes that there
is constantly before them the inevitable future of a return to their homes, and to
food without labor. So long as they return to their tribes to be fed, or are forced to
fall back into homes of filth and degradation to be ruled by. blind, ignorant, and su-
perstitious parents, the Government by such methods, to some extent destroys that
which it builds. It is to be hoped that the day is not far distant when the reserva-
tion for every Indian within the United States shall only be bounded by the Atlantic
and Pacific Oceans, British America, and the Gulf of Mexico, and when the system
of maintaining tribes and separate peoples will be abandoned, and the Indian, no
less than the negro, shall be an unrestricted citizen. The boy learns to swim by go-
ing into the water; the Indian will become civilized by mixing with civilization.
There can, certainly, be no duty resting on the General Government to educate these
people to tribal life and perpetuate petty nationalities. It seems plain to me, that
every educational effort of the Government should urge these people into association
and competition with the other people of the country, and teach them that it is more
honorable to be an American citizen than to remain a Comanche or a Sioux. From
our experience there is no great difficulty in preparing young Indians to live among
and become a part of civilized people ; but the system of educating in tribes and
tribal schools leaves the Onondagas Onondagas still, notwithstanding their reserva-
tion has been for more than a century in the heart of our greatest State.
TRANSFERS TO OTHER SCHOOLS.
Eight of the pupils shown in our tables to have been returned were transferred to
schools in the West as employe's— 5 to Genoa, Nebr., and 3 to the Navajo Agency,
New Mexico. Most satisfactory reports continue to be received from those sent to
Genoa. At the Navajo Agency the results were not so good, and their services are
now terminated. Injustice, however, to the youth sent to this agency, it should be
stated that the surrounding circumstances, more than any fault on their part,
brought their service to an end. Others who went home have been employed both
in the schools at the agencies and at the new schools away from agencies.
At the instance of the Department, I transferred on the 3d January, 1884, 27 girls
to Lincoln Institution at Philadelphia.
SANITARY CONDITION.
The general health of the school has been better than in any previous year. Very
few cases of acute disease of malignant character occurred. Four girls and two boys
died, all from disease of long standing. Thirty-six weresent home on account of fail-
ing health or mental weakness. A number of these have died. An epidemic of mumps
passed through the school in November, December, and January ; there were 116
cases ; all recovered without any serious complications resulting. Our greatest
trouble is tubercular disease and scrofula, these being the diseases most prevalent
among Indians. Our best health results have been among those placed out in fami-
lies. Nearly every pupil so placed added increased health to the other gains.
INDUSTRIAL WORK.
We have continued the system of one-half of each day in the school-room and the
other half at work in the shops. I reaffirm all statements I have made in former re-
ports in regard to the advantages of industrial training and the aptness of Indian pu-
pils. During the year our workshops have been much enlarged and improved through
the liberality of a friend of the school. Still we have not the shop-room to meet the
188 REPORT OF CARLISLE SCHOOL.
wants of such a large number. In accordance with a suggestion from the honorable
Secretary of the Interior, I gave opportunities for out and family experience to nearly
all our apprentices during vacation. Very few of our apprentices fail to come for-
ward to comparative proficiency in their trades when continued the ordinary ap-
prenticeship period. The trades and industries taught are the same as last year and
the years previous, i. e. for the boys, agriculture, carpentering, blacksmithing, and
wagon-making, painting, shoemaking, harness-making, tailoring, tin-smithing, print-
ing, and baking ; for the girls, sewing, cooking, and general household work."
SCHOOL-ROOM WORK.
In regard to school-room work I have nothing to add to the full and favorable report
of last year. The same system has been continued with the same marked success.
Your authority to hold until the end of the term pupils whose school period had
expired before the close of the school year has, in a measure, overcome the difficulty
of freqneut disturbances by the changes complained of last year. In the future it
will be better to have all changes of returning to agencies and bringing in new pupils
occur during vacation.
Desiring to give our students the fullest advantage of our planting-out system, I
this year omitted the annual public examination exercises.
FARM.
Last year and the two previous years I urged the importance of a farm for the
school. It is quite inexplicable that such an important aid in the work should be so
many times denied by the Government. As I was not willing to wait longer, I ap-
plied to friends of the school and purchased a farm containing 157 acres, at a cost of
$20,000, vesting the title in a board of trustees. I have received sufficient donations
to pay |13,000 upon the price ; but this farm is inadequate for our needs. We should
have at least 400 acres of good land. We could th«m manage a large herd of cows
and supply ourselves with abundance of milk, which is the best food to counteract
the diseases to which our students are most subject. I hope the means may be pro-
vided to give us more land.
DONATIONS.
The friends of the school have very greatly multiplied in number during the year,
and the donations have largely increased in amount. The total sum given to us dur-
ing the year is $16,509.25, the larger part of which went to make payments on the
farm. But for this material support from an interested public, our work would have
been much crippled.
PUBLIC INTEREST.
The different church organizations in the town of Carlisle have continued and in-
creased their interest in the welfare of the school, and by their church helps have
very greatly aided in advancing the highest interests of the students. Of those pres-
ent at the school during the year 88 are members of the Episcopalian, Methodist,
Presbyterian', Lutheran Evangelical, and Catholic churches in Carlisle, who cordially
welcome our pupils into church fellowship. The students are divided among the sev-
eral churches for Sunday-school instruction, and by these several means are brought
into relations with the best classes of the community. I feet it a most pleasant duty
to bring to your notice, in this official manner, the pastors, rectors, and priests, and
the Sunday-school workers who have given such valuable aid and support to our
cause. I also desire to commend the employes of the school, who have, early and
late, been faithful in the performance of their several duties.
NEW PUPILS AND VISITS BY CHIEFS, ETC.
One of the notable additions to the school during the year was a party of 52 Apache
youth from the San Carlos Reservation, Arizona, a number of whom were from the re-
cently captured Chiricahua band. This whole party has proved exceptionally iudus-
trious, dutiful, and apt. The fact that these Apaches and so many other of the wilder
tribes are committing their children to 'our care to be educated ought to arouse un-
limited confidence on the part of our own people and the Government in their desire
to become civilized, and lead to our fullest response with ample means for this pur-
pose.
A number of parties of chiefs and leading men from different tribes have visited the
school during the year. They all expressed the greatest satisfaction and gratitude to
the Government for giving their children such advantages, and urged the children
to improve their opportunities.
REPORT OF HAMPTON SCHOOL. 189
.DISCIPLINE.
We have continued the system of trial of offenses by courts composed of the stu-
dents, with the same satisfactory results as previously reported.
In conclusion, I reiterate the sentiments of my second annual report — that for
1880-'81. To be successful in the work of Indian education we must undertake to edu-
cate all the children ; to give a veneering of education to a small minority, or to boys
alone, only breeds failure. Among Indians, as well as whites, public opinion controls,
and the majority controls that opinion. It is not the fear that we may educate the
children away from sympathy with their former savagery that should influence us ;
but rather we should fear that we may fall short of getting enough of education and
training into the particular subject to enable him to stand and compete in civilized
life. The city of Philadelphia supports schools and gives education to 105,000 chil-
dren to maintain its civilization. Is it not criminal for the United States to promise
and then neglect to give to its 50,000 Indian children the education which the Gov-
ernment, in its treaties with them, says " will insure, their civilization?" If the free-
dom of citizenship is to be their lot, then the surroundings and experiences of freedom
and good citizenship during education will best equip them. More than three-fourths
of the children are still out of school. The apathy of the Government in meeting its
self-imposed obligation to the Indians in school matters, by providing such meager
school privileges, would indicate that it has no especial desire to civilize or save them.
With great respect, your obedient servant,
R. H. PRATT,
Captain Tenth Cavalry, Superintendent.
The COMMISSIONER OP INDIAN AFFAIRS.
HAMPTON NORMAL AND AGRICULTURAL INSTITUTE,
Hampton, Fa., September 1, 1884.
SIR : I have the honor to make the following report on the work for Indians at this
institute for the past year.
INTRODUCTORY.
It has become a part of Hampton's duty to supply an object lesson on the capacity
for improvement of the two races with whom it is dealing. From February till May
and during July and August the school is visited constantly by thousands of guests,
representing all sections of the country, from the neighboring winter and summer-
resorts, especially from the Hygeia Hotel, 2-J- miles distant. I think valuable im-
pressions have been made and a better sentiment regarding both races created; the
Indians having, however, been the chief objects of curiosity.
The elevation of the negro is merely a matter of time and effort ; to this end nothing
has proved more favorable than his position as an American citizen. An equal ca-
pacity has been shown by the Indian, but the most important condition of progress,
citizenship, has, for him, not yet been created. That is the turning point.
The question is no longer, can the Indian be civilized ? but rather, what be-
comes of the civilized Indian? The best answer we can give is, that of over 100
trained Indians, chiefly Sioux, who since 1881 have returned from Hampton to their
homes, not over 12 have wholly relapsed to Indian ways; not one has become a
bad character. Most of them are doing well, and some very well. Their success de-
pends largely on the agent's interest in and care for them. They were, at last re-
ports, employed as follows :
BOYS.
Teaching in Government schools • 4
Assisting in Government school 1
Clerks at agency Government schools 2
Interpreter at agency Government school , 1
Working at trades in Government schools 9
Employe's in Government schools 4
Attending school at Government schools 3
Working on their own or parents' farms 9
Cutting cord wood 2
Young boys at home behaving well 4
Unemployed and adrift 5
Returned to Hampton for more education 5
190 REPORT OF HAMPTON SCHOOL.
GIRLS.
Assisting in girls' school '. 1
Attending girls' school 3
At home doing well 4
Married well 2
Unemployed and adrift | 2
Returned to Hampton for more education 2
Died since return, both sexes 8
71
The above is the record after from one to three years' stay at home.
On the 1st of June, 1884, Rev. Mr. Frissell, chaplain of the school, took back to their
homes 35 Indians, as follows :
To Arizona 5
To Indian Territory 4
To Dakota 26
At least three-fourths of these are now well situated and at work, although it is
too soon to claim success for them. The above figures do not include the 17 who came
in 1878, under Captain Pratt's care, from Saint Augustine, Fla., most of whom have
turned out well; nor about a dozen who have been sent back on account of ill health
or bad conduct, who improved very little at this school. I refer you to the report of
Rev. J. J. Gravatt, below, for recent and satisfactory information in regard to re-
turned Indians.
Tbe Indian agent has great power ; he is looked upon and addressed as the " Father,"
and when competent, and faithful men are appointed, there is little danger of the re-
lapse of students, in spite of the evil which surrounds them. Last year we were, by
the aid of friends, able to add a little to the salaries at certain of the agencies where
the pay is so small that competent men cannot aiford to remain at the positions ; and we
have especially to thank Majors Gassman, McLaughlin, and Swan, of the Sioux Res-
ervation, for their earnest efforts to hold up our returned students; we desire, also, to
acknowledge co-operation from other quarters. " The difference in the condition of
Indians at the different agencies," said an experienced observer, "is the difference in
their agents." The wisdom of supporting a good executive force is practically denied
by Congress, where, rather than in the Indian Department, the obstacles to Indian
progress are found. The latter, well informed and in earnest, asks for what the In-
dians need ; the former, as a whole ignorant or indifferent, refuses or reduces the
needed grant. It is, therefore, most important that private aid to agents be, if pos-
sible, continued. We cannot overrate the importance of competent agents to the
Indian youth whom we educate and send borne. Here they go with the current ; there
against it; the danger is serious; their difficulties are hard to overrate. Our Hampton
policy has been to concentrate effort upon a few agencies or tribes, that they might
be fairly leavened with intelligent trained youth, who will gradually take their place
as leaders.
There has been much to encourage but some ground of complaint. Friends have
supplied all needed buildings and outfit, also the scholarships for which we have
asked to provide requisite tuition or cost of education. The number now aided by
Government is 120 instead of 100 as last year, and the rate $158.33 per annum instead
of $167 as heretofore ; which covers the cost of board and clothing. The school last
year had 20 Indians solely at private charges, and has always provided for more than
the number aided by the Government. At this writing there are 132 United States
Indians on its rolls, 12 more than the Government provides for ; 24 of them are spend-
ing the summer with farmers in Berkshire County, Massachusetts, to return in Octo-
ber. Our efforts hereafter, as before, will be directed chiefly to the Sioux and to
training selected married couples.
I cannot but refer to the reduction of the annual allowance from the Government
(from $167 to $158.33) as arbitrary and 'uncalled for. It will not seriously hinder the
work, for friends will take it up, but it is humiliating to appeal to private charity to
make good this small economy of Congress. The Government Indian schools at Car-
lisle, Pa., Genoa, Nebr., at Forest Grove, Oreg., at Lawrence, Kans., and at Chilocco,
Ind. Ter., are each allowed this year at the rate of $175 per annum for each Indian in
attendance, and the Lincoln school for Indians in Philadelphia, a private affair, is
granted $167 apiece exclusive of transportation in all cases. Hampton school, also a
private institution, has repeatedly asked for $175 on the ground of fair treatment and
the quality of the work done. You have always cordially approved its application,
and earnest personal effort with the committees in Congress has been made to get it,
resulting, however, in a decreased allowance. This reduction to $158.33 for Hampton
(exclusive of transportation) cannot be due to ignorance, but to carelessness or toper-
REPORT OF HAMPTON SCHOOL. 191
sonal ill-will to the work iu •which I and my associates are engaged for the Indian race.
I ask your attention to the matter. This action does not, I believe, represent the
popular feeling to the Hampton school. What has it done to be so discriminated
against ? An individual acting as the Government has done would deserve con-
tempt.
Perhaps Hampton's aid from private sources has caused the reduction ; if so, \vhy
should the Indian be* turned from a full treasury upon the overloaded charity fund
of the country, which, in these hard times, has nothing to spare. On behalf of some
of the constituents of the very legislators who did this injustice, to whom I have ap-
plied to make up the reduction, I protest against the cutting down of the per capita
allowance to Hampton's school, even though the total appropriation for the current
year is increased by the increased number provided for; other schools are not treated
so. I have a right' to resent this reduction as an additional tax on my own personal
energies, already strained. Is it not a shame for our public men to practically compel
the good people of the land to give more than they believe is fair and right ? They
have been glad to supplement Government aid, having contributed nobly to Carlisle
and other public and to private institutions for Indians, as well as to Hampton, which
latter they have supplied with land, outfit, and buildings at a cost of over $50,000,
besides paying from the first a part of the annual expense of each Indian. Individual
charity has, since 1878, given for the Indian work at Hampton over $80,000, more
than the entire United States appropriation in the same time. Is this a reason for
Government's giving Hampton Institute less than it gives to others for educating In-
dians, or a good excuse for insufficient traveling expenses ?— less than usual on that
score being allowed.
Since 1872 the Hampton Institute has done the work of a State agricultural college
for the Commonwealth of Virginia, whose legislators have always made just and satis-
factory provision, exceeding in their liberality the strict provision of the national
act granting its land, in their desire to do well for the black race. I trust this report
may fall into the hands of Senators and Representatives from Virginia as well as from
other States, and that they will see that the work for the red race in this State is no
longer discriminated against. I respectfully request for the third time, sir, 'that the
Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute be hereafter allowed the usual rate, $175
apiece per annum for each Indian and $40 (if needed) for traveling expenses.
TRAINING THE HAND — INDIAN INDUSTRIES — BOYS' WORK.
The training shop (Mr. J. H. McDowell in charge). — This includes carpenters, tin-
smiths, harness-makers, and painters, as follows, it being understood that in all ex-
cept Government work colored apprentices have taken part : Thirteen Indians, with
one journeyman assistant, have this year assisted in putting up a gymnasium, 50 by 125
feet, with bowling-alley annex 16 by 70 feet, new engine-house, &c., 32 by 52 feet,
two new cottages for Indian families each 12 by 24 feet, with 8 by 12-foot kitchen.
Alterations, additions, and repair of buildings, the manufacture of a quantity of school
and house furniture, have, with buildings, kept the force constantly busy. Five In-
dian apprentices to tinsmith's trade, under a journeyman instructor, have made over
13,000 pieces of tinware for the Government Indian service, and assisted in putting
on 22,000 feet of tin roofing, in doing all manufacturing and repairs for the school,
much of that for the Hygeia Hotel, and some for the local trade. Three Indians, un-
der a journeyman instructor, have during the year made for the Government (Indian
service) 98 double sets of wagon harness, 100 double sets plough harness, and assisted
in making 15 sets of fine harness, and in doing all repairs for the school and some
for the neighborhood. Two Indians, under a journeyman teacher, have assisted in
painting all the new buildings, and in doing a large amount of repainting, kalso-
mining, and glazing.
There has been in the training shops a marked improvement over the preceding
year, both in the quantity and quality of the work done, a decidedly better spirit,
and increased interest, with less complaint. This is largely due to the more constant
employment. The fewer the breaks the more contented the boys. Twenty-three In-
dian boys are employed, of whom eleven work all day and attend night school, the
rest, being in the Indian or normal classes, can only give three days in the week to
work. The above report covers the school term which ended in June, 1884, since
which time 8 of the boys of the department have returned to their homes, while of
the arrivals of June 28, 11 have been assigned to me, as follows : Carpenter shop, 7 ;
harness shop, 2; tin shop, 1. Two of the carpenters have been on the sick-list since
July 5 ; the others have done better in their respective shops than any who have pre-
ceded them.
The shoe shop (Mr. E. F. Coolidge, in charge). — This shop employs 11 Indians ; they
are, for the third year, manufacturing 2,000 pairs men's brogan shoes for the Govern-
ment, to be issued to Indians in the West ; will make this year for the school and for
custom work their share of a total of 500 pairs, while they assist annually in the re-
192 REPORT OF HAMPTON SCHOOL.
pairing at least 1,600 pairs. This work of the shop has been well tested, is gaining
confidence, and finer kinds of shoes are called for than before. School officers and
teachers often purchase these. A good serviceable shoe for girls is made at $'2 a pair,
which is becoming popular among the young women, long outwearing " store" shoes.
For the boys, an English Balmoral at $'2.25 is made, and is the regulation shoe ; cus-
tom-made, it costs $3. The boys are doing better this year than ever. Instead of
working half and studying half the day, five of the seven Irfdians have applied to
work all day and study nights, in order to learn more of the trade — a good sign. Since
June 1 two of the Indian boys in the department have been returned to their homes,
one of them to take a position in a shoe shop ; and five more have been apprenticed
here.
Wheelwright and blacksmith shops (Mr. Albert Howe, farm manager, in charge). —
In these are 6 Indians working half days and studying the other half. The work has
been very satisfactory. Several complete one-horse carts have been made by a Sioux
two years from wild life.
The printing office (Mr. C. W. Betts, in charge).— There are employed 4 Indian boys.
The Southern Workman, Alumni Journal (monthlies), and African Repository (quar-
terly), and the little monthly paper of the Indian deb ;.ting society, the composition,
type-setting, make-up, &c., of which are wholly done by Indians, are printed here.
An Indian graduate of the school, James Murie, who learned the printer's trade here,
is setting type on the New Era, an excellent little monthly gotten up in the Indian
school at Pawnee Agency.
Indian boys on the farm. — Mr. George Davis, assistant farm manager, says: "It is
surprising how well the Indian boys have gotten along on the farm this year. The
anxiety as to what kind of work they should do seems to have worn away, or has dis-
appeared in some way or other. They have got to a point where they are willing, and
see that it is right for them to do whatever is given them to do. When they are given
a hoe, shovel, or spade, it is taken and the work, when it is done, shows that they have
tried to do it as they were told. Not one of them has said this year when they were
told fco take hold of a plow, 1 1 don't want to plow.' They have taken the plow and
done very well. No fault can be found about their turning out for work. There has
never been a year in which the boys have worked with so little dissatisfaction, both
among themselves and with those who have had the care of them. Strict discipline
has not been resorted to at all. I have been asked often by outsiders how the Indians
worked, and if they were not hard to manage. I have said in both cases that they
work very well for Indians, and are not very hard to manage. Some of them work
as well as any boys. Of the 10 boys on the farm only 4 are large enough to plow.
They have gotten quite a drill in that. The little boys in winter stay in the barn and
help to take care of the cattle. They have done very well at that."
GIRLS' WORK.
I cannot do better than to quote in full the reports of the teachers in charge of In-*
dian girls at Hampton, for the last, school year, adding at the same time the report
relating to the "little boys," who are under the care of a matron. Not only is the
labor done by Indian gif Is reported upon here, but also the whole internal economy
of their life. On the Indian girl, as upon women everywhere, depends the virtue, the
true value of the red or of any race. We have done our best to create opportunities
for them. Many have done well since returning home to their people.
Indian sewing school. — Since the report of 18d3 was issued there have been several
changes in our band of Indian girls, which, of course, affect our sewing classes.
Five in June returned to their western homes, fourteen went to Massachusetts to learn
housework, and our little Arizona girl, after weeks of suffering, left us for the "bright
mansions above." The 19 who remained were very busy during the summer morn-
ings sewing for themselves and preparing outfits for the 12 girls who were expected
during the fall. Two who then came were girls who went home in June, but re-
turned to graduate, one bringing with her five little Winnebago girls and a boy of
seven. The other five were Sioux girls. Nine more have since arrived, and in addi-
tion we have the two busy boys of two and two and a half years who are prominent
members of both the morning and afternoon classes. Their mothers show great im-
provement in making their clothes, and several " Mother Hubbard" aprons and dresses
have been the result of watching how some of the little white visitors were dressed.
One of the little girls, on being handed a new garment to make, remarked that when
she first came she thought that when "that work" was done we would stop, but it
seemed as though we kept sewing, and there was no end. As the result of all these
stitchea we have 648 articles. When we consider that 9 of the girls are in the normal
school, and are only able to help themselves after school hours, and more than half
of the remainder are quite young we think a large amount has been done. More of
the garments have been cut by the girls themselves than ever before. Last spring
we received, through the kindness of two northern ladies, a good " Domestic " machine,
REPORT OF HAMPTON SCHOOL. 193
which has been a great help. Several of the girls have learned to use it. Since last
October, 2 girls who returned with the party of 6 from Massachusetts, have assisted
in the sewing room preparing themselves for positions in some school among their
own people. On May 26, 13 girls left for their homes in the West. Some of them
went because their time had expired, and others because their health would not war-
rant their remaining. In June, 7 left for northern homes during the summer, thus
reducing our number to 27.
But the hours of vacation were not to be idle ones, for word came to prepare for a
party which was to arrive on June 25. Of these new comers 7 girls came into our
classes, all Sioux, from Dakota. On August2Mr. La Flesche brought in his party 6 Omaha
girls from Nebraska, making our number 40, larger than ever before during vacation.
But the willing hearts and hands of these already here helped soon to place our new
friends on a comfortable basis, and they are ready in turn to assist in preparing for
more who are expected and in getting off those whose time expires in October, and
who will, then go westward to scatter, we hope, some of the good seed we have tried
to sow in their hearts Only one person outside the school has been employed to
help, and we have much to encourage us in the progress made. (Mrs. Lucy A.
Seymour.)
Girl's housework (Lovey Mayo in charge). — When the Indian girls moved into their
new quarters, more than a year ago, the school was undergoing so many changes that
it was difficult to obtain everything necessary to keep the new building in good run-
ning order. In fact we were so overwhelmed by th« improvements then made that
we scarcely knew what we really did want or how to use what we already had. Be-
sides, a large portion of the girls were not only strangers to us, but to the English
language, the new building, and the efforts needed to be put forth for the good of the
whole. In the face of this we began our first year's work in Winona Lodge. The
present year began under much more favorable circumstances than the last. One of
the greatest advantages connected with our Indian work is, that there is no tine
when all the girls are perfectly new. When oue set returns to their homes and a
new set comes there are always some who have had a little experience in the man-
agement of affairs, and can lend a helping hand in working the new girls into the
regular routine of business. On the arrival of new girls the old girls are required to
give up their former room-mates and take new ones. They show their charges about
the room work, and, almost before they are aware of it, their work has had the effect
to force the newcomers to accept the rules observed by them. At 6 o'clock every
morning (except.Sunday) the Indian girls form into line in the hall on the first floor,
and, after answering to their names, march in order to breakfast. Immediately after
breakfast they meet in the study-room for a second roll-call and to hear direct ions for
their morning's work. From here they go at once to their rooms and get their brooms,
brushes, and dust-pans, and report in the hall and different corridors to put them in
order. After this is done they return to their rooms and get them ready for inspec-
tion. At 8 o'clock the girls who have the care of the teachers' rooms begin their
work. By this time the school bell rings, and they are obliged to hurry over to the
opening exercises of the school. Evidently there 'is not much time for' extra work.
The unusual prevalence of mumps this term has made the housework in many re-
spects harder than ever before. There have been as many as 7 girls in the hospital
at one time. Of course their part of the work had to be done, so the well girls have
been continually called upon to do what has been almost too much for them. I think,
however, in spite of disadvantages, that the work this term has been more effectual
than ever before.
Girls' cooking class (M. L. Dewey in charge).— The cooking classes have been held
either in Virginia Hall or in Winoua, whichever was most convenient at the time.
There is prospect of a room being arranged expressly for the lessons, which will be
a decided improvement. The Indian girls have had an advantage over the colored
girls in these lessons. They began before the others, and afterward were excused
from other duties to come in the morning, and being bright and fresh, accomplished
more real work. The lessons have included only a few of the simplest dishes, but
each one has a thorough knowledge of these. All enter heartily, even the youngest,
into all the details, and are delighted with the results.
Laundry (Geor^ie Washington in charge). — The work in this department is very
much improved since last term. We have begun this year with the thought of get-
ting the work done well, and in less time, and have no reason so far to feel discour-
aged, yet there is plenty of room for improvement. These girls, besides spending most
of their time in school, have to keep Winona in order, so have to be pushed very hard
to get their washing and ironing done. One can't well hurry a large Indian girl to
advantage, because she will get stubborn and won't work well. It is generally ac-
cording to a girl's feeling, when her turn comes to wash, whether or no she gets
through early ; if she feels like working it will soon be done in order ; if the oppo-
site she will take as long again to get it done. We have quite a number of little girls
this term and their work in the laundry is very much better than that of any children
4266 IND 13
194 REPORT OF HAMPTON SCHOOL.
i
I have ever seen. Sometimes, after getting these little girls started at their washing,
[ leave them to finish alone. They like the idea very much of being trusted to work
by themselves, and will hurry to get the laundry in order before my return. When
•cleaning day comes, which is in the latter part of the week, I often hear them say,
•" you always tell us to do everything ; you never tell big girls to do anything." This
anay be true in one way, because we haven't as many "big girls" as little ones.
Another reason is, the little girls do so much better and more willingly than the " big
girls'" *nd make less complaint of being tired. Three years at Hampton is short time
to give these children the training they need, for I think the best missionary that
will ever return to the West will be a girl who has spent six or seven terms at
Hampton. When a new set of girls arrive they are put in the laundry to wash with
eome <?lder girls who can speak the same language. In this way they soon learn to
imitate, which they can do almost as well as the Chinese. The large girls who are
well and strong are called upon every week to wash for sick girls. This is not an
•easy thing to do, but they have responded very well. Every Friday after school the
girl* report in the little chapel in Winona, with the week's washing ; here the clothes
are inspected by our lady principal; if they are washed, ironed, and mended well the
girls are marked five. It is very interesting to see each one coming in with a bundle
of white clothes; still more so to watch how anxious every little girl is to have five;
•what a disappointed expression she wears if she fails. Looking back at the homes
from which some of these girls come, the length of time they have been with us, and
the improvement they have made4 one can't help feeling encouraged to go on assist-
ing them, hoping to reap in due season if we faint not.
Hospital and diet kitchen (Ada J. Porter, nurse). — The large sunny hospital room,
with pretty engravings on the wall, three beds made up with snow-white counter-
panes, nice soft feather pillows, and other furniture in the room to correspond, makes
a very pleasant picture, and is a convenient place for girls when sick. They are very
patient, very seldom fretful, and always ready to do what is best for them. The girls
who are well help about the care of the sick. It is surprising to see how many there
are ready to stay with them, and help take care of them. When one is asked, in the
presence of a number of girls, to sit with the sick, several will say, "Let me", " I want
to," or " You never let me take care of sick girls." They are ready to do for one an-
other. The health of the Indian girls has been excellent this year. No very serious
illness has occurred ; the cases have been as follows :
Sore throat, 6; measles, 5; mumps, 19; malarial fever, 1. They all recovered, and
look back with pleasure on their hospital experience.
Closely connected with the hospital and its work is the diet kitchen, with its four
communicating rooms. One large sunny room has three windows;, these are filled
with plants. A long table, which will seat twenty-two persons, stands in the center
of the room. When the table is set with pretty brown figured dishes, bright spoons,
and knives and forks, it looks very inviting. This room is called the dining-room.
It is only used for the students who are sick, but who are still able to get out of their
rooms for meals. They look very cheerful and happy while partaking of the food
that is prepared specially for them. A little room out of the dining-room is used for
preparing and sending out meals to those who are not able to leave their rooms. Two
rooms out of this are used for kitchen and store-rooms. The four neatly-kept rooms
make a very pleasant and convenient place for preparing food for the sick. The av-
orage number of meals served a day has been 85.
PHYSICIAN'S REPORT.
From October till June. — Two deaths from phthisis have occurred among the older
Indian boys. The Indian girls have shared in the epidemic of sore throat and mumps,
but with this exception their general health has been good. Only one case of fever
has occurred among them. Three have suffered from serious enlargement and inflam-
mation of the cervical lymphatic glands, and 2 from phlyctenular ophthalmia. Two
have had pneumonia, and 1 gastric ulcer. In considering the health of this school as
compared with others it is fair to say that the industrial system involves necessarily
exposure of the students in all weathers, and while in the main it is an advantage,
increasing the physical stamina of the mass of students, in the individual cases it, no
doubt, makes way for sickness. There have been, however, very few cases which
could be traced directly to any unusual exposure.
For summer months.— The health of the Indians, both boys and girls, has been re-
markably good. No acute cases of illness have occurred among them, and the condi-
tion of those suffering from chronic diseases has been very favorable. Excepting for
a day or two at a time, none have been confined to the house. The thirteen Omahas
eent early in August arrived in very good physical condition, with the exception of
a tendency in two of the boys to incurable disease of the eyes ; two more suffering
with mumps, from which; however, they speedily recovered. One of the girls had
tumors in the lobes of her ears, which have been removed, and she has much improved
REPORT OF HAMPTON SCHOOL. 195
in appearance. Twelve of those brought to us in June proved to have incurable
pulmonary disease. These, with several others who have been here for a longer time,
and three cases of chronic eye trouble, should be removed to their homes on account
of physical disability.
THE LITTLE BOYS.
•
Division A of the "Wigivam ;" (Irene H. Stausbury in charge.) — Division A has been,
during the school year, the home of 11 little boys. The wisdom of the plan of placing
the small boys under special care is still clearly demonstrated by the improvement
they continue to make in conduct and appearance. The excellent discipline of my
predecessor and the good habits they formed under her training have made them
easy to control. Moral suasion is the only force I have found necessary to use, for
they have a strong sense of justice, and when convinced they have done wrong, es-
pecially if it is pointed out to them by some bible truth, they try not to commit the
same fault again. Appealing to their honor has been successful. I have not known
of one instance where a boy sent to his room for punishment has left it, though the
door was open, until he received permission. In character and disposition they com-
pare favorably with their civilized brothers , but, unlike them, they take very little
pleasure in being read to unless the scory is founded on fact. " Is it true ? " is always
the first question asked ; and if the reply is in the negative they seldom want to hear
it. They enjoy most of all the " Story of the Bible," which their kind Sunday-school
teacher reads to them on Sunday evening, especially that part which refers to the
Old Testament. With the exception of two cases of mumps, and one of threatened
lung trouble (which soon disappeared under the skillful treatment it received), there
has been no serious case of sickness among them.
There were three new arrivals in the fall, two from Dakota (Sioux) and one Wiiine-
bago. The first mentioned have had ranch trouble with their eyes, and the fortitude
with which they have borne severe treatment would do credit to those of older years.
The little Winuebago (eight years old) knew not a word of English on his arrival ex-
cept "Yes, sir," which he replied to every question asked him, thus affording his small
companions great amusement, especially when they asked him, as they frequently
did, how old he was. Though he has not been here six months he understands what
is said to him, and can say whole sentences in reply. In June two returned to their
homes, one to Arizona the other to Dakota. This latter is reported as having already
begun to instruct his father in " Hampton" methods of agriculture. In August two
arrived from Omaha, and, with this exception, no changes have occurred during the
summer mouths. The health report has been remarkably good, and a general im-
Erovement makes the work encouraging. It has become evident that the two little
ioux, mentioned above as suffering from disease of the eyes, are incurable, and they
will therefore be returned to their homes at the earliest opportunity.
TRAINING THE HEAD AND HEART.
Indian classes; school life. — I am glad to let those who have done the work in this
department speak for themselves, beginning .with Miss Richards, who is at the head
of the Indian school work at Hampton Institute. Her report is of a more general
character than the rest.
During the past year 18 Indians have returned to the West, and 4 have died at
school. In September a party of 20 arrived from Dakota, largely from Lower Brul6
and Crow Creek Agencies, where the agent is in full sympathy with Hampton and its
work, and ready to render efficient aid. In October 2 Onondagas from New York ar-
rived, and in November 1 Pawnee from Indian Territory, and 6 Winnebagoes from
Nebraska, the latter coming with a Hampton girl who had spent the summer at home.
In April 9 Sioux girls were brought from Crow Creek by Rev. Mr. Gravatt. In June
Rev. Mr. Frissell took from Hampton 35, returning on July 1 with 3*2, from different
agencies in Dakota. Of those whom he took back a very good report has been given.
Two are teaching, 4 are assisting in schools, 7 went directly to work at their trades;
some are helping their parents, and others visiting or waiting for something to do.
None, so far as we know at present, have done anything unworthy. Two or three ex-
pect to return in October and finish their school course. In July Alex. Peters a
Menomonee, who has been here at school four years, was sent to the Lawrence Indian
school to take a position as teacher of blacksmith's trade. A letter recently from the
principal, Dr. Marvin, speaks of him in the highest terms. On August the 2d Frank
LaFlesche, an Indian employe" at Washington, arrived with 13 Omahas, from Nebras-
ka, 6 boys and 5 girls, and one married couple. Many others were anxious to come ;
one young man wishing to make it his bridal trip. The number now connected with
the school is 132, 55 girls and 77 boys. Fourteen have been in Massachusetts one year,
and 10 are spending the summer in Massachusetts and Connecticut.
196 REPORT OF 'HAMPTON SCHOOL.
With the exception of an epidemic of mumps the health of the school, during the
greater part of the year, has been very good. Winoua has continued to exert its
healthful influence over the girls, in stimulating them to habits of neatness and in-
dustry, as they strive to keep their pleasant home fresh and sweet, and to make its-
sunny rooms as pretty and tasteful as possible. It was a happy thought of their
teacher last summer to appoint some of the older girls captains over squads of little
ones. They kept order in their corridors, superintended their young charges in the
laundry, taught them in Sunday-school, and in various ways tried to be real Wiuona,
true " elder sisters." The system has been continued in a measure throughout the
year, and at the morning roll-call, on returning from breakfast, each captain answers
for her company. The arrival of neAv girls at once lifts those who have been here
longer to a higher plane, and nothing seems more quickly to develop in them a sweet
womanliness than to have a feeling of responsibility and care over some shy, awk-
ward new-comer, who clings to the shelter of her bright shawl with almost as much
tenacity as an Oriental to her veil, or one of the little waifs who toil so cautiously,
though by no means silently, up and down the long, strange stairway, in those instru-
ments of torture called "shoes." If only a true Christ-like spirit of loving help-
fulness can take root in the hearts of these Indian girls we may surely hope it will
bear fruit when they return to their people.
Winona has been bereft during the later part of the year of her whose unwearying
devotion and love to her Indian children had so taxed her strength as to render nec-
essary a long rest, but the inspiration of her words and example remains with them
still, and they look forward with hope of her return.
Jn the wigwam, or Indian cottage,*the older boys have been thrown more than ever
before upon their own responsibility, and in the main have stood up bravely under
this test of their manliness. The quiet and order they have maintained, and the
friendly interest they have shown in the new boys have been very encouraging. At
night, after study hour is over, one of their own number calls the roll and conducts
family prayers. A debating society is held Saturday evening, when even the strangers,
whose English oratory consists of a brief sentence or two, painfully learned an4 re-
cited, are encouraged to take part. Once a month the meeting of this society is at
Wiuona, when the girls share in the exercises by songs and recitations.
The little boys' home has been a favored spot in the wigwam. These small braves
are not warranted noiseless, any more than their white brothers, but it has been pleas-
ant to note their growing courtesy, thoughtfulness, and earnestness.
An encouraging feature of the year has been the large number of Indian boys wha
have asked to become work students and attend the night classes, thus voluntarily
assuming an amount of steady labor which would seem to annihilate the theory that
the red man is too lazy to work.
The homes for the two Omaha families which have sprung up within a stone's throw
of Winona, are its first off-shoots. These furnish an effective object lesson to the stu-
dents, and teach them how comfortable and attractive a house can be put up at small
expense. At the same time they also give such an insight, it is hoped, into true home-
keeping as cannot fail to do good.
Hampton's Massachusetts Ai
tampion's Massachusetts Annex has proved a valuable help. At the close of last
summer a party of ten boys and nine girls was left behind, to remain through the
winter, and for the most part the plan has worked very well. A winter in a thrifty
New England farm-house must be in strange contrast to life on a Western reservation,
and such an atmosphere seems mentally, as well as physically, invigorating. The
outlook for the future of the pupils has perceptibly brightened. Some former students,
after standing fire at the West for one or more years, have returned to take up their
work in the class-room and shop with frevsh zeal and interest. New industrial schools
are opening in Kansas, Nebraska, and elsewhere which call loudly for Indian helpers,
graduates of Hampton and Carlisle. Girls as well as boys are needed, and the former
can no longer think sadly, "Nothing for us to do."
The Indians who have remained here during the summer, work all the morning, go
to school from 1 to 2.30, and work again from 3 to 6 p. m. Ten work all day and at-
tend night school. There has been almost no sickness except in chronic cases, and
both work and school have gone on with unusual cheerfulness. The drawing, mod-
eling, and carving classes furnish a healthful diversion and are much appreciated.
After supper all are allowed to mingle on the lawn until 7.45, when the bell summons
the night students to school, the Indian girls to family prayers, and the smallest boys
to bed. At 9 o'clock the next grade of small boys assemble to have prayers with ari
older Indian boy, and retire, though seldom to sleep. After night school is over, an
Indian boy rings a little bell, calls the roll, and has prayers in the boys' assembly
room. There is no more hopeful sight on the place than this room, crowded voluntarily
every evening with boys who sit in perfect silence and respect, while one of their own
number conducts the service, reviews the events of the day, reproving faults or com
mending virtues, as the case maybe. The Indian, like the negro, has to learn to
respect the authority of superiors of his own race. This lesson has been strongly
REPORT OF HAMPTON SCHOOL. 197
taught, and we hope iu great measure learned, here this summer. The discipline of
the Indians has been in the hands of Indian officers, and in the only two difficult cases
we have had has proved a marked success.
REPORTS ON INDIAN CLASSES.
Breaking ground (Cora J. Folsom). — The Indian's first lesson in English, though it
may seem a simple thing, is in reality a subject for much study and tact, especially if
the" teacher has no ludiau words to aid her. A class of boys and girls from eight
to twenty-five years of age, ignorant of every rule of school or society, sits mute
before you. The .sad, homesick faces do not look encouraging. Everything is new
and strange to them. The boys' heads feel bare without the long braids, and the
new clothes are not easy and Homelike. They do not understand one word of your
language, nor you of theirs, perhaps, but they are watching you, every look and
motion. You smile and say "Good morning;" they return the smile in a hopeless
kind of way, but not the "good morning." By a series of home-made signs, which
they are quick to interpret, they are made to understand that they are to repeat
your greeting, and you are rewarded with a gruff or timid " Good nionink," and
thus another gate is opened to the " white man's road." They are soon taught to suit
the action to the word, and "stand up," "sit down," " walk softly," " speak louder,"
or " march ont." The next step is to teach them to pronounce and write their own
names, usually the interpretation of the Indian, if that is unpronounceable. Then
comes a long list of objects to be taught in or about the school-room, cottage, or dining-
room, and then a list, not so long, of every-day articles of food and the proper manner
of asking for it at table. When easily-obtained objects, colors, and motions are ex-
hausted, the object-teaching cards are brought into use and are a great help and de-
light to the pupil. He glories in being able to name every object with appropriate
adjective, from the blue sky above to the green grass beneath. He is amused to learn
that rakes have teeth, that fingers have nails, and that tables have legs, and not at all
pleased with the English mode of spelling some very common and otherwise easy
words. If he has previously learned to read and write in his own language, as many
have who come from the mission schools, it is a great help to him ; and if the teacher
is able to give the Indian for a new English word, it is of greater assistance still.
From the first he is required to explain pictures, write sentences, tell stories, and in
every way encouraged to use the English language as much as possible. Letter writ-
ing, too, is a thing that must claim his early attention, both for his own sake and for
that of tbe friends at home, who are always anxious to hear from their children and
interested to mark their improvement.
From the newly anived there are all grades of English pupils, to those who have
been studying grammar one year, or are iu the regular normal department.
First division in English (Helen W. Ludlow). — I have found this class very interest-
ing ; bright, quick, and of excellent spirit. The number being so small — only eight —
it has been possible, and a great pleasure, to give special attention to each one. The
two girls, being so small a minority, have been more shy and rather harder to manage,
but, on the whole, all have done well and made good progress. For the first two or
three years nothing like technical grammar is taught to the Indians. After that time,
when they have become somewhat fluent in speaking and reading, and understand
all that is usually said to them, it is a help to them — as it is to any of us who learn a
foreign language — to learn something of its construction. The verbs, in this as in
other languages, are the most troublesome part, and a drill in the verbs has been the
principal work of the year in this division. If they enter the regular junior class of
the normal school, as we hope they will next year, they will go over tHe same ground
a second time, which will not be too much, and with a degree of confidence which
they will need in beginning to work with their English-speaking associates.
To keep these restless, slightly disciplined pupils, some of them mere children,
steadily at work upon anything so dry as a drill iu verbs generally is, has required
some tievice. By turning it into a sort of game, and not demanding very severe order,
I have succeeded beyond my own expectations. To the active imagination of my In-
dian pupils the English verb will ever hereafter appear, I -suppose, under a somewhat
military aspect. Its " principal parts" we know as " chiefs;" the different modes,
as so many reservations, in which each chief has a certain number of bands (tenses)
that follow him. These bauds are numbered as companies, doing valiant service in
support of the King's English — or the President's American. For many weeks com-
pany drill progressed with unflagging interest and patience. To marshal a company
on the black board for inspection, send it marching into the ears of the audience, and
finally to set one or more of its members to work, building sentences, was fun enough
for a long time. Battalion drill was proudly gone through at last, and after that
height was attained iu our system of tactics, to save time, each company is represented
198 REPORT OF HAMPTON SCHOOL.
by its first sergeant — in other words, each tense by its first person — and they are able
to put a very neat synopsis of any verb npou the board, calling upon each other in
turn for the tenses, and modes, in'successive order or skipping about ; writing all in
sentences, and changing these into various forms, interrogative, passive, &c.
After having done this one day one of the small boys looked at me rather reproach-
fully and said, " The junior boys laugh at us; they say we shall 'have to learn a differ-
ent way next year. They don't say chiefs — they say principal parts."
Before I could reply, Ashley, a member of the class, who, after three years at Hamp-
ton, had some experience in teaching in the mission school at Crow Creek, came to
my rescue.
"That's all the same. In my country they call the chiefs 'principal men,' all the
same." ,
"And they say 'mode', not 'reservation'," persisted the aggrieved one.
My champion was ready for him : "That is to make it easy — to make us under-
stand."
I told them if they liked it any better they could always now say "mode" and "prin-
cipal part"; but they seldom avail themselves of the permission, and an assurance
from Miss Sherman, teacher of the junior grammar classes, who was invited to inspect
their work, that none of her juniors could do better, has made them more comfortable
as to rival criticism.
They are now required to bring me every day a few sentences written in the form
of a letter. These are read and criticised in the class with especial reference to the
verbs. It is seldom that a mistake in one cannot be detected and corrected by some
member of the class when the sentence is put upon the board. They are also encour-
aged to talk in the class, to tell me what they have seen, &c., and to correct their
own mistakes if they make any. The improvement, both in writing and speaking,
has been sufficient to convince me that the drill has been labor well spent.
First division in arithmetic (Caroline K. Knowles.)— The divisions in arithmetic range
all the way from those learning to count to the classes in fractions. They all show
ambition and evidently enjoy mathematics as long as they are not required to give
analysis, but that includes English, and they find it very hard to express themselves
in our language. They work rapidly when they once get an insight into a method.
The new Indians, in October, had for their first lesson one in arithmetic, at: dsoou learned
to count, to recognize and to form figures. We used for objects colored balls, shells,
blocks, marbles, and bright papers, and taught the combinations of number as far as
25 by distributing objects to the class and having the pupils give to each other until
the required number was obtained.
The first really hard step for them was learning to reduce numbers to higher de-
nominations. Much was taught by signs. They worked well and so better prepared
themselves for the harder work of subtraction. Here we used little bundles of straws
tied up in clusters of ten each. They have made fair progress in multiplication.
They also learned to tell time by blackboard clocks and were much intereste'l in so
doing. It is all slow work, but when scholars are so good the teacher's labor is
greatly lessened. The next higher division are working well in multiplication, di-
vision, and analysis, and are very interesting classes. They are showing much pride
in the neatness as well as correctness of their work. Many of them are very quick
and often vie with each other in the amount of class work they can accomplish. The
second division is composed of young men who are in earnest and are faithfully work-
ing their way in analysis, factors, and fractions. The highest class may well be
proud of their record for the year. They are studying hard, hoping to enter arithme-
tic classes in the academic department next fall.
Geography (Elaine Goodale). — Earth knowledge, or the study of geography, seems to
have a particular fascination for the Indian mind. As the ancients in drawing maps
located each his little country in the center of the known world, so it is with these
children. Unhesitatingly they place "buffalo" among the tierce wild animals of
India ; decline to believe that an Arab steed is equal to an Indian pony ; and after du-
tifully proclaiming that the Himalayas are the highest mountains in the world, in-
stantly add, " but not so high as the Rocky Mountains! " Indeed, while they seize
so readily upon stories of strange things and new ways, and delight in what Herbert
Spencer might call the "descriptive sociology" of geography, it is not easy to give
them clear ideas of the relative importance of places and people. I suppose that must
come later.
The second division have this year taken up Swinton's " Geographical Reader,"
•with intense satisfaction to themselves and some real benefit, although it has been
largely supplemented by oral teaching. Such phrases in it as " These celebrated
cities are said to have been more magnificent than any now in existence," while try-
ing their powers of utterance, appear wonderfully to sustain their self-respect and aid
them in rait-ing, as one of their number has said, *'• too much big words out of natural
order." In studying about the countries of Europe and touching on some of the
older civilizations it has been found almost impossible to give them an idea of great
REPORT OF HAMPTON SCHOOL. 199
pictures and statues except as " graven images," arid splendid architecture can be
done scant justice to as " big houses." It is in descriptions of striking natural feat-
ures, of unknown products, and above all of the appearance, characteristics, dress,,
and customs of various peoples that we meet with a delightful appreciation.
With the children of the third division the lesson has been entirely oral, with vari-
ations in the shape of map studies, blackboard exercises, and writing an occasional
" composition" on the country last visited. Many are the devices resorted to, to-
hold the attention and fetter the memory ; pictures are shown which they afterwards
describe, and stories told which they are required to repeat in their own words. One*
day each child was addressed as "our friend the German," Frenchman, Chinaman,,
or what not, and expected to tell us as much as he could about the land of his adop-
tion. " What will you be?" I inquired of one promising youth. "Indian savage.'7
was the concise reply. After the others had recited, I turned to the " savage" and re-
quested an account of his western home. "Ugh" — the characteristic unspellable*
sound— "I no talk English!"
History. (Henrietta S. Lathrop). — The Indian students in United States history have*
shown an unflagging interest in their lessons throughout the year and have uncon-
sciously been a most interesting study in themselves, as their characteristics were
brought out in the discussion of various questions. Beginning with the discovery of
the New World, they have followed the story of the colonies through the Indian warn
and the struggle for independence, fighting every battle with the utmost zest until it
becomes a question how far it is wise to excite their too ready enthusiasm for war.
The bright spots in the sad story of their race have been emphasized as far as possible,
and all due credit carefully given them for their skill and artifice in warfare, witb
such success that the reason given for each defeat of the Americans came to be, " Oh,
too much drill. They no fight behind trees like Indians." They are great hero-wor-
shipers, these Sioux boys and girls, and invariably the hero is the bravest man, and
the man who outwits his enemies. Even their favorite Ethan Allen was indignantly
called " coward!" for sparing the life of an Englishman, and all argument on the sub-
ject failed to restore him to his former popularity.
Of course, even with these more advanced classes, the main difficulty in the teach-
ing, in fact the only one, has been the imperfect knowledge of English ; it being some-
times found that after a lesson has been very smoothly read some simple word which
seemed to need no explanation has proved a stumbling-block. For instance, Dorches-
ter Heights was supposed to be a man, because it "commanded the city of Boston.
But with the aid of numerous pictures and anecdotes, and of the molding-board,
where battle-fields have been modeled and pasteboard troops and paper flags ma-
neuvered, it may be hoped that this has not been a serious drawback in their faithful
and persevering study.
CHRISTIAN WORK FOR INDIANS.
In his last annual report, Rev. H. B. Frissell, chaplain of the institute, says : "Al-
most every teacher in the institute is also a teacher in the Sunday-school, the Indiara
teachers taking the Indian classes, of which" Rev. Mr. Gravatt acts as superintendent.
In order to give unity to the religious teaching of the week, the subject for study in
the international series of Sunday-school lessons has been made the subject of the
prayer meeting during the week; still other aspects of the same subject have been
presented in the daily readings which have been used at morning prayers, and in the
Sunday morning meeting, the afternoon sermon taking up the same subject. In this,
way one subject has been pressed home upon the minds of the students during the*
entire week, and more accomplished than if the shot had been scattered. The Sun-
day school is the center of the religious life of the school, and the teachers represent-
ing five different denominations, become responsible for the religious training of the
students.''
Of the religious work among the Indians from Episcopal agencies, the Rev. J. J.
Gravatt, rector of Saint John's Episcopal Church, Hampton, writes as follows: "I am.
glad to make a hopeful report of the religious work with Indians. They attend
service as usual in Saint John's church, where it may be their forefathers worshiped.
I have held regular services for them at the school on Sunday afternoon and Thurs-
day evenings. I gratefully acknowledge the valuable assistance of the teachers of
the Sunday-school Sunday afternoon exercises. It is a great comfort to me, and an
incalculable help to the Indians. The spirit has been good throughout the year.
Three were confirmed by Bishop Randolph in February last, and three have joined
the school chapel. We have abundant cause for thanksgiving to God for his bless-
ings, and can only say, 'Not unto us, O Lord, not unto us, but unto thy name give
glory.' "
Mr. Gravatt in March last visited several of the Western agencies, and from the re-
port presented by him on his return I quote as follows : "Since my visit to Dakota
last March I feel greatly encouraged about the Indian work. Many of them are more
200 REPORT OF HAMPTON SCHOOL.
advanced in civilization than I had expected. They are plowing the land and sow-
ing seed ; they are raising cattle and poultry. I found more houses and fewer tepees
than I expected. Some of the children at Hampton have good homes to return to.
We held three services on Sunday with large congregations. The Hampton children,
as a rule, are doing well. Lezedo Rencontre has married an educated Indian woman
and both are employed at the agency school. Every one speaks well of them. Sam-
uel Fourstar, who was here for a short time only, has a good record. Samuel Brown
is doing well at his trade (shoemaker) and is teaching it to others at Saint Paul's
school, Yankton Agency. David Simmons has worked steadily and faithfully at the
issue house as clerk. He is commended by all. Maggie Goulet is employed by a white
family at the agency ana is doing well. She wanted to return to Hampton. Frank
Yellowbird has married a bright, nice-looking Indian woman, and brought her to see
me. Frank conducted religious services at the agency during the absence of the
missionary.
George Deloria, who was here about two years and was sent home on account
of ill heal' h, has returned to Indian ways. He came to see me in company with other
Hampton boys, but before coining removed his blanket, put on citizen's clothes, and
tucked his long hair under his coat collar. After an earnest talk with him in the
presence of the missionary and one of the Hampton boys, he promised to have his
hair cut and to start afresh on the white man's road. Several have thus lapsed, but I
am sure It is not permanent. No good work is lost ; we have a hold upon them and can
influence them for better things by following them up."
AN OFFICER'S TESTIMONY.
Lieut. George Le Roy Brown, United States Army, late commandant of cadets at
this institution, has seen six years' service among tne Sioux tribes, whose children
are being educated here, and is highly competent to testify in regard to the facts of
which he writes. I submit the following extracts from his last annual report, dated
June 30, 1884 :
On the 18th clay of June, 1883, in compliance with the instructions of the principal, General Armstrong,
I left Hampton in charge of a party of twelve Indian youths, who were to be returned to their homes
in Dakota Territory. Having performed this duty, I was directed to look up ex-students, visit the
parents of the students, and to return to Hampton about the last of September, with twenty Indian
youths.
On arriving at their homes, the boys had no difficulty in obtaining remunerative employment. Re-
visiting one of the agencies in September, I was informed that one, who had been returned in June, on
account of the physical disability of his father (who had been badly frozen during the previous .winter),
had earned since his return several hundred dollars, furnishing hay to freighters to the Black Hills.
This is an exceptional case, but I was agreeably surprised to find that all the boys who had been re-
turned home from Hampton bad done better than I had expected. The majority had decidedly im-
proved and not one had gone back to Indian ways. They have shown a strong 'inclination to work,
earn money, and improve. The three years' course at Hampton is too short a time to accomplish the
best results. A number of the leading Indians are recognizing this, and requested me to keep their
children as long as I thought best. I brought back to Hampton three of the boys who had been re-
turned two years previous after a three years' course; one had assisted in teaching at the agency
school for a year, and was employed, at the time of my visit, as a laborer at the agency at $20 a month ;
another had been employed for nearly two years as assistant teacher at the agency' school, and the
third had been employed, off and on. at the agency as laborer. They were at different agencies ; all
had improved since leaving Hampton, but were anxious to receive a better training. Altogether, the
outlook for the boys was very encouraging. The Indians readily acquiesce in the new 'departure
taken and independent spirit shown by returned Indian boys.
Only one of the girls who returned home in June received employment, and two returned to Hamp-
ton in the autumn! lu the crude state of society at an Indian agency in the West there is little chance
for educated Indian girls to obtain remunerative employment, and the matrimonial intriguing of grand-,
mothers, mothers, and aunts is apt to seriously interfere with the further advancement of return id In-
dian girls. The Indian agent, or as the Indians call him, "the father," will he found an indispensable
factor in the problem of how to insure the complete development of returned Indian girls into useful
womanhood. Perhaps "agency boarding schools" may be advantageously used as retreats for the, girls
until suitable employment or acceptable suitors can be found. Burdened with a savage and cruel hus-
band, further development of the returned Indian girl in Christian and civilized ways, must necessa-
rily be practically slow, if not impossible. I was deeply impressed last summer while visiting an In-
dian o imp. On approaching the camp I noticed a young woman with a child in her arms steal swiftly
away among the bushes, evidently desiring to avoid notice. I thought little of it at the time, but be-
fore leaving the camp I saw her again, and in spite of her sad appearance I knew her to he a \oung
girl who had returned, three years before, from a school in the States At the time of her return she was
a bright and interesting girl of sixteen, could read, write and speak English well, and seemed well
trained in housework. She helped in the agency school for some months afthr her return, but married
badly.
I know an Indian agent, a sterling good man, who required young men who desired to marry Indian
school girls, to have a comfortable house, five acres of land under cultivation, a yoke of cattle, a cow,
and a good character for industry and sobriety, before he would consent to the girls marrying them.
This may be considered somewhat arbitrary, but the result fully justified it. The Indian is accus-
tomed to the idea of purchasing a wife, and the requirement did not seem to him unreasonable ; besides,
as the agent wisely aided the young couples after marriage, this method of obtaining a wife became
fashionable among the better class of young men. The ultimate success of the.work of Eastern schools
in tht! education of Indian youth, appears to me to hinge upon Indian agents, to whose care said
youths must be returned after their school life is over, and upon the concentration of the work. Each
student should be carefully followed up after his or her return home, and helped in every way, encour-
aged on all sides, and stimulated to do good work.
REPORT OF HAMPTON SCHOOL. 201
In forwarding to you the above reports of teachers and others I have given in every
case their unbiased opinions, believing that such an aggregation of opinions is likely
to present the fairest possible views of the work accomplished and the present situa-
tion. While called on to report directly on the work of the Hampton school for In-
dians, I take the liberty of making in addition some general remarks. The policy of
education, the success of which is only a question of time and of well-directed effort,
is but a part of the programme to be carried out. The conditions of civilized life are
to be created, the most important of which is to settle the red men upon lands of
their own, which shall be made inalienable for a period of not less than twenty-five
years. The Indian, when his tribal relation is broken and he has become the owner
of the land he lives on and cultivates, will have reached the goal of citizenship, and
gained the right- to vote. To accomplish this e-id there is needed, first, legislation : sec-
ond, executive force to carry the legislation into effect. Proper measures were discussed
at the last Congress, and there is hope of favorable action during the next session, but
this is the easiest part of the work to be done.
When the way to citizenship is opened the wretched routine of life at the agencies
must of necessity be changed, and the Indians who are now merely herded or corralled
must be scattered in decent cabins on homesteads of their own. Then will there be
needed an amount of executive ability not to be found on most of the reservations.
A dozen or two out of the sixty Indian agents will be the right men for such work, and
while some of the rest may do" fairly well it is probable that weakness and inefficiency
may bring to naught much of the good contemplated by legislative enactment. As In-
dian agents are now paid they are as good men as we have a right to expect them to be.
First-class men will enter the service only when suitable salaries are paid. To change
the whoie morale of our Indian population is no easy task, is not to be accomplished in
five or ten years, or even many more, and it will require a skill and watchful care for
which small provision has as yet been made. Neither laws nor appropriations are the
vital forces in the settlement of the Indian question. First, and above all, men are
needed. The Indian agent who is addressed as " Father " should stand before the In-
dian as the embodiment of a better life, as his guide to and the representative of higher
things; but when he represents only weakness or corruption, progress is impossible.
That but few of these agents are the men they should be is bad enough, but worse
still is the fact that when they do attempt reform they are often thwarted. One in-
stance of this, is the law which prohibits at any agency a pay-roll of over $10,000;
well enough at the smaller places, but an obstacle at the larger ones ; making im-
possible, among other needed things, a corps of assistant farmers, at the rate of about
one to a hundred families, who should push and lead Indians to practical farming and
independence. Possible self-support of many tribes has been impossible for want of
means.
As yet the only permanent personal factor in the civilization of the red man is the
representative of private interest or charity. Civil-service reform cannot yet prevent
a probable revolution in men, ideas, and policy with every change of parties. Recog-
nizing this tact, those in charge of Indian affairs should, I think, ally their work at
every possible point with this permanent force, even should it involve some difficul-
ties and annoyances. When the power which is supreme to-day may be changed to-
morrow, there is a weak point which to me seems most serious, and I believe that it
is too little consider, d by the authorities.
A partial remedy would, I think, be the appointment of a few carefully selected
Army officers, should they consent to act, at some of the agencies, retaining in the
service the best civilians, for they cannot be spared. There is in the Army a fund of
experience and high administrative ability, combined with a noble philanthropy,
which should be drawn upon for the needs of the Indian cause. Not that all officers
are suited to this work; not that any overturn of the present system is needed, but
that the best possible men should be selected wherever they can be found, from the
Army or from civil life, the former being more likely to be permanent, and that the
Indian Office should be administered by a man of the highest ability and standing,
who should havt; full control and direction of its management; not as he is now, a
subordinate with clerical rather than discretionary duties. The great need of the
Indian is manhood, and this, by weak, inefficient, or dishonest management, has been
made to most of them impossible. A work of vastly increased vigor and efficiency
is needed for the red race.
Unquestionably the gr«-at majority of Indians must be educated where they live;
of their 35,000 youth not over 5,000 are likely to be taught away from their homes.
Would to God that all of them could have the chance. But those who go to the va-
rious schools in the East should have every facility, the best teachers and appliances
for instruction, which is impossible under the meager allowance of Congress for the
purpose. No one advantage that the schools in the States offer is greater than that
which has been incorporated by Captain Pratt into the Carlisle system, viz, the scat-
tering of these children of nature among the best class of farmers, where they learn
civilization by living in it. There is no way like this. Hampton has for five years
202 REPORT OF FOREST GROVE SCHOOL.
sent an annual delegation to Berkshire County, Massachusetts, with excellent results.
As object lessons these schools in the East have been of as much value perhaps to the
white race as to the red, for they have done ranch to break down the old and false
ideas of the incapacity and bad disposition of the Indian, and have laid the founda-
tion of good work for the entire race. It should never be forgotten how much is due
to the energy and self-sacrifice of Capt. R. H. Pratt, United States Army, who sowed
the seeds of the present work while in charge of Indian prisoners at Fort Marion, Flor-
ida, whom he led up to changed lives, and in some instances, to Christian manhood,
by this rare gift of sanctified common sense.
I am, sir, respectfully yours,
S. C. ARMSTRONG,
Principal,
The COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
UNITED STATES INDIAN SERVICE,
TRAINING SCHOOL FOR INDIAN YOUTH,
Forest Grove, Oreg. , August 13, 1884.
In accordance with instructions from your office dated July 1, 1884, 1 herewith sub-
mit the annual report of this school. Forest Grove Indian training school is located
at Forest Grove, Oreg., 26 miles west of Portland, Oreg. It was organized February
25, 1880, and 14 boys and 4 girls were brought from Puyallup Agency on Puget Sound
and placed in a small, rough, temporary building situated upon a lot of 4 acres of land
belonging to the Pacific University. Other buildings have been added and more
children brought, until at the present time there are 10 buildings and 190 children.
The present buildings have been erected by the Indian boys, the material being
purchased with money saved from the regular appropriation, but it is now understood
that an appropriation has been made by Congress during its last session for the
construction of more commodious and permanent buildings. And in anticipation of
this event several very liberal offers have been made by people of different parts of
Oregon and Washington Territory to donate land for a building site and farm for tbe
school. These offers compiise tracts containing from 20 to 800 acres, but no action
has yet been taken in the matter by the Government.
Up to the present time the lot above mentioned (which has recently been donated
to the Government for the use of the school) and 9 acres adjoining is all the land that
has been constantly occupied by the school. Other land has been rented from time
to time for farming and other purposes, and in this way the need of a farm has been
largely supplied. Tbe rent has been paid out of tie crop and the profits have been
very encouraging.
The attendance at the school during the past year has been very encouraging, the
average being above the number allowed by the appropriation for the support of the
school. The appropriation for the present fiscal year admits of a larger number than,
for last year, giving us an /opportunity to test tbe present popularity of the school
with the Indians. The first agency visited (Puyallup) furnished us 25 children, 15
of them being girls. Should other agencies contribute in the same proportion to the
number of Indians at each agency, we would get from the agencies in Oregon and
Washington Territory alone 500 children. If we should add to this number children
who wish to come but cannot get the consent of their parents, it would be largely in-
creased. But not all agencies are so fortunate as Puyallup Agency in having an agent
who sends from a small agency more children than any other agency and at the same
time keeps up three flourishing. boarding schools within his own agency. But alto-
gether the interest in the school has largely increased during the past year among
Indians, and if all of the children were allowed to come that wish to come, and are
encouraged to come by their parents, the school would be entirely inadequate to
accommodate them.
Various circumstances have contributed to this increase of popularity, but it is
mainly due to the manifest improvement in the children themselves. Last summer
some children were returned to their parents at Warm Springs Agency after having
been at this school for three years. An eye-witness thus describes the meeting of the
parents and children : One old man who had parted with his boy of fifteen three years,
before, with many injunctions to work hard and study hard and be a good boy, was there
to meet the lad. He looked all around and asked for his boy, while at the same time-
the latter was looking around for his father. Neither knew the other. So well had
the boy obeyed his father's injunctions that he had risen to the position of first ser-
geant among the boys. He was tall and straight and his hair cut short and neatly
parted. His well fitting new suit of clothes altogether quite transformed him from
the half-grown lad of three years ago in his dirty blanket with long uncombed hair
coming down over his forehead and cut off" square just above his eyes. On the other
Ihe Indian boys who came up from the Forest Grove training school a few days ago for the purpose
building a church on the Indian reservation are getting on nicely with their Avork. * * The
REPORT OF FOREST GROVE SCHOOL. 203
hand the father in expectation of meeting his son, who he fondly hoped was now
almost like a white man, and not wanting his boy to feel ashamed of his old Indian
father, had cut off his own long hair and bought himself a new suit of clothes, and his
appearance, too, was changed almost as much as that of the boy's ; only the hole in
his nose and the holes in his ears told of old superstitions and barbarous habits.
All else spoke of an awakening to a realization of nobler aims and better purposes.
The following from the Tribune, a paperpublished in Pendletou, Oreg., shows that
no one more than the white people adjoining an Indian reservation notice the im-
provement in the children.
The
of buil
building is to be 20 by 40, was planned by the boys, and they are doing the work without any assist-
ance and are doing it well. The manner in which they go about their work and in the handling of
tools show that they have had careful training, and would convince those, no matter how strongly
prejudiced they may be against the education and training of the Indian, that the training school at
Forest Grove is an institution that should be kept up.
We have now in the school 100 pupils that have been here but little more than one
year. The improvement they have made is remarkable ; but what is more encouraging
to us is to notice equally marked improvement during the same length of time in
those who have been here four years. They seem to grow in their appreciation of
civilization and to have developed a faith in their own powers and to have had aroused
in them an ambition to take a hand in the active life of this age that seems to trans-
form their whole being. The stolidity and uuimpressibility of the Indian character
seems to have been shaken off, and their very faces seem to look different.
About one third 6f the positions of regular employe's have been filled in this school
during the past year by Indians, and they have given good satisfaction. All of the
agencies from which children were sent to this school when it was first organized
have now one or more employe's who have attended this school, and we have had nu-
merous and urgent applications for persons to fill other places — more than we could
supply, from the fact that we had not a sufficient number of pupils old enough to
assume so much responsibility. Several persons formerly pupils of this school have
been elected to office by the Indians since they have returned to their homes; two
have been elected chiefs. I have informed myself in regard to the history of 27 pupils
who have left this sceool, having remained for three years in the school and having
now been at home one year, and find that 10 have been engaged in farming, 5 have
been employed in agency schools, 5 have been engaged in lumbering on Puget Sound,
2 have worked at the shoemaking trade,! at carpentering; I has been an interpreter,
1 a clerk in a store, and 2 had no regular employment, being young boys. All had re-
tained their civilized habits, and nearly all had worked continuously.
During the past year the following new industries have been added to those pre-
viously taught in the school : Harness-making, printing, coopering, tinsmithiug, and
a boys' laundry. All are not yet fully equipped, on account of lack of shop room.
Formerly the laundrying for the whole school was done by the girls and a Chinaman.
The Chinaman struck for higher wages and an Indian boy was put in his place, and
it was found that he did equally well; since which time the number of boys in the
boys' laundry has been increased to five, and they now do about two-thirds of the
washing for the whole school.
A printing office on a small scale has been furnished by the boys and girls, and a
small paper, The Indian Citizen, is edited and published by two of the Indian boys.
Its circulation among the Indians on the coast and among others who are interested
in the subject of Indian education is quite extensive, and is steadily increasing.
Every department of the school is insufficiently equipped. The farmer has no farm,
the shoe shop is too small, as is also the carpenter shop, and there are no other shops,
except as we hire or borrow. There are only two school-rooms for 200 children. The
dining-room and dormitories are crowded, but notwithstanding all disadvantages the
school has accomplished much more during the past year than ever before, as will be
seen by comparing the various reports below with those of last year.
FARMER'S REPORT.
I have the honor to submit the following report of the land farmed and 'produce
raised at this school. Cultivated 156 acres and raised :
30 tons hay '. $300 00
100 tons straw 300 00
1,000 bushels potatoes 400 00
100 bushels peas 80 00
50 bushels radishes 20 00
50 bushels beans 50 00
500 bushels turnips 100 00
3,000 bushels carrots 600 00
204 REPORT OF FOREST GROVE SCHOOL.
€00 bushels beets $160 00
1,000 beads cabbage 50 00
1,000 squash 40 00
1,000 pumpkins 30 00
200 bushels corn 200 00
1,000 watermelons 50 00
50 bushels tomatoes 15 00
2,395 00
Increase in stock by purchase and otherwise, 19 cattle and 7 horses 900 00
Increase in value of farm machinery bought, made, &c 900 00
3, 195 00
<D. E. Brewer, farmer, Indian.)
SHOE SHOP.
Annual report of shoe shop for the year beginning July 1, 1883, and ending June 30, 1884.
377 pairs shoes made, at an estimated value of $1, 246 25
€7 pairs boots made, at an estimated value of „. 401 00
Repairing, at an estimated value of 201 00
1,84825
All shoes furnished the children have been made in the school shop.
BLACKSMITH SHOP.
I would respectfully report that the following amount of work has been done in the
blacksmith shop daring the year ending June 30, 1884 :
Amount of job work done outside of school $425 70
Ironing 8 lumber wagons 440 00
Ironing 2 buckboards , 70 00
Ironing one hack (50 00
Job work done for school 141 50
1,137 20
I would also report that we have also done about one month's work on the farm. I
have during the past year been able to work the boys under my care to a better ad-
vantage and have made better progress than before on account of having new work
{wagons, &c.) to employ'them upon. (W. S. Hudson, blacksmith )
WAGON AND CARPENTER SHOP.
Herewith you will find a report of buildings and wagons constructed at the school
during the year ending June 30, 1884 :
2 hospital buildings, 16 by 30 $600
1 shoe shop, 18 by 32 200
] barn, 40 by 75 1,000
1 granary, 10 by 12 50
9 lumber wagons 600
% buckboards 270
1 hack 125
2, 845
(L. Bronson, carpenter and wagon shop.)
MATRON'S REPORT.
Of the 78 girls in the school I can say they are obedient and respectful, doing their
work well and cheerfully, and are especially interested in learning anything new.
They seem to have a high appreciation of their advantages and opportunities, and
often speak of how much good they will be able to do their people when they return
to their homes. Most of the older girls are professed Christians. The work of the
school is divided into several departments ; the girls working in each department
REPORT OF FOREST GROVE SCHOOL. 205
three months at a time, thereby receiving during their stay in the school a thorough
drill in all of the departments. There have been many improvements made during
the past year in the methods employed in the school. The girls are divided into com-
panies with officers and are drilled in marching and calisthenics.' (Maggie Zuglis,.
matron.)
COOK'S REPORT.
The work of the kitchen is done by a detail of 10 girls, all working until 8.30 a. m.,.
when 5 of them go into the sewing rooms. Another detail does the work in the after-
noon. The girls who get the breakfast get up at 4 o'clock a. 'in. to begin their work*
They seem contented and happy about their work, and do their work well. A sep-
arate detail of 9 girls do the dining-room work, some of them are quite small, and all
are in charge of a large girl. (Katie Brewer, cook, Indian.)
REPORT OF LAUNDRESS.
I have 14 girls under my charge. They show a great deal of interest in the work
that they have to do. They are willing to do what they are told to do. They do*
their work just as well as any white person in this school. Among other things they
can starch and iron white shirts very well. Whatever they undertake they learn it
clear through. I would not be ashamed to have the people from Washington to see
this laundry any day, for they keep it clean all through the week. I am an Indian
myself, so perhaps my report is not as good as other reports. (S. J. Pitt, laundress.)
REPORTS OF SEAMSTRESSES.
Sewing room No. 2. — I have under my charge 8 girls. I find them quick to learn,,
obedient, and industrious. They sew both by hand and with machines. During the
year ending June 30, 1884, they have made among other things, 13 coats, 157 pair
pants, 108 skirts, 84 pairs overalls, 62 jumpers, 12 pairs drawers, 40 bedticks, 64
sheets, 54 towels, 10 aprons, 16 night-dresses, 18 shirts. (Anna Fairchild.)
Sewing room No. 1. — I am an Indian and have not had much experience, but I have
learned the work of this department and am trying to help the girls by imparting
what I know. We have used in this room 6,201 yards of goods and have made the
following : 164 dresses, 45 skirts, 196 aprons, 70 underwaists, 27 pillow-cases, 59 win-
dow curtains, 68 night-dresses. 18 bedticks, 12 cloaks, 24 towels, 73 sheets, 192 shirts,.
110 chemises, 279 pair drawers. I have from 13 to 16 girls in my charge, 2 can cut
and fit dresses, 8 can do ordinary cutting, all are anxious to learn. (Lillie Pitt, In-
dian.)
Sewing-room No. 3. — We do the patching and mending in our room. The girls in
our room are all small. There are 14 girls in our room. (Emma Kahama, Indian
girl, fourteen years old. )
REPORT OF BOYS' LAUNDRY.
All of the boys' washing, except white shirts, is done in this laundry ; also all bed-
clothing used in the school. Five boys work in this laundry ; they do the ironing;
too. (John W. Adams, laundryman, Indian.)
REPORT OF DISCIPLINARIAN.
First call in the morning for the boys is at 5 o'clock, a. m. ; then the boys get up.
and make their beds and put their rooms in order. The second bugle at 5.30 is for
roll-call, when the boys all fall in line and answer to their names. Third call is for
breakfast at 6.30. Breakfast is over at 7, and every boy goes directly from the dining-
room to his work and remains until 11.30, when they are excused and get ready for
dinner. Dinner is over at 1 p. m., and all go to work again until 5, then comes sup-
per ; after supper drill for fifteen minutes. Then play until 7. 15 : then roll-call and
prayers ; and the last call is at 8.30, when all are to be in bed and lights out. We
have now over 100 boys ; some are out among the farmers during vacation. (David
E. Brewer, Indian.)
REPORT OF PRINCIPAL EDUCATIONAL DEPARTMENT.
Coming into the school about the middle of September, 1883, I found the pupils
more advanced but less thoroughly graded than I expected. A year's experience has
shown me that to grade a school of this kind is not an easy task. The same difficulties-
206 REPORT OF FOREST GROVE SCHOOL.
arise here that are mentioned by teachers of other schools of similar character. The
frequent addition of new pupils from reservations and agency schools at various
stages of advancement, together with the fact that the school-room work cannot be
wholly independent of the industrial training, are among the obstacles. Considering
the many difficulties under which, they labored, the condition in which I found the
school reflects the greatest credit upon former teachers. Throughout the year a con-
tinued effort has been made to perfect the grading of the school, and much has been
accomplished in that direction, though not all that is desired. An attempt has also
been made to establish a fixed course of study, and to make the objects to be attained
in the several grades more definite than they have been heretofore. The ultimate
object kept in view is to teach Indian children to speak, to read, and to write the
English language correctly and understandiugly, and to give them, so far as possible,
the rudiments of an English education. Where pupils are capable and solicitous of
taking up branches in advance of the work laid out for them, they will be encouraged
to do so.
Two advanced pupils during the last year have been studying physiology, and
mastered it without difficulty. At the begining of the year a lack of proper text-
books and a supply of others compelled the advanced class to take up physical
geography (Monteith's), which was considered a doubtful alternative at that stage of
their advancement. By going slowly and reviewing at intervals the work gone over,
they experienced but little difficulty with it, and at the end of eight months passed a
very satisfactory examination in most of the subjects embraced. This and kindred
studies interest them greatly, and promote their desire for knowledge. Experience
has shown that it is not wise to undertake a great deal, but rather to make thorough
work of a little. As a rule, the children are found to be bright and intelligent and
anxious to learn.
The greatest obstacle to their advancement is the lack of the knowledge of our lan-
guage. To teach them correct English is certainly the first and most important step
in their education, and to derive the full benefit of English teaching they must be
taught not only to speak and to read and to write English, but also to think English.
When this is accomplished, they will compare favorably with other children in ability
to make rapid advancement.
This school is just now entering upon the fifth year of its existence. Heretofore
there have been but four grades in the school. The fourth grade will now become
the fifth, the third the fourth, the second the third, and the first the second ; and the
first grade will be composed of new recruits, part of whom have just arrived, and a
few already here, who are not ready for second-grade work. The plan of work for
the fifth grade is not yet completed ; but it is the intention to give them such instruc-
tion as shall tend to fix firmly in their minds what they have already learned, and
prepare them, as far as possible, to give to their people the benefit of their knowledge
when they return to them.
During the past year considerable advancement was made by the entire school. Ex-
aminations were had at the end of each quarter, which were written as far as practi-
cable. The result of these examinations, taken in conjunction with the class studying
of the pupils, was made a basis for grading the school , and the good effects were ap-
parent in many respects. The pupils became not only eager to maintain their stand-
ing, but desirous to excel in the careful preparations of their papers and in the credits
received. The papers of the last examination show a marked improvement over those
of the first. Many of those of the advanced class were almost faultless as to neatness,
spelling, and the use of capital letters.
Considerable attention has been given to writing and reading original composition,
to declamations and recitations, and with the greatest benefit. Two public exhibi-
tions were given by the children during the year, both of which elicited many ex-
pressions of surprise and commendation. The last was at the close of the school year,
and was given by a literary society organized and conducted by the pupils of the ad-
vanced grade. White children of similar ages and much better opportunities might
well be proud of as successful an attempt. Literary societies, sociables, band of hope,
Sunday-school, and religious meetings, all conducted by the children, afford opportu-
nities for them to become familiar with those duties in lifedn which it is hoped they
will take the lead when they return to their people.
Inadequate school-rooms have been a hindrance in the past, but we look forward to
a time in the near future when this hindrance will be removed. All things consid-
ered, the school is in a prosperous condition and bids fair to do more and better work
the coming year than ever before. (W. V. Coffin.)
REPORT OF ASSISTANT TEACHER.
I have been employed as assistant teacher in this school for seven months. The
school, although not 'thoroughly graded, was last year divided into four divisions or
grades of which I had charge of the two lower, the children being in school only half
REPORT OF GENOA SCHOOL. 207
the day and working the other half; I had one grade in the forenoon and the other
in the afternoon. I have found the children apt and eager to learn, their average be-
ing as good as that of white children. In the" first or primary grade we use Appleton's
First Reader and Monroe's Reading Charts. They are also given instructions in oral
arithmetic and in writing. In the second grade are used Appleton's Second Reader,
Robinson's Primary Arithmetic, Monteith's First Lessons in Geography, Watson's
Complete Speller, and the Spencerian system of copy books. All the children speak
the Eugligh language, and understand quite readily. In the first grade are enrolled
34 pupils and in the second grade 41 pupils, 8 of whom were advanced from the first
grade at the end of the third quarter. (Minnie Un thank.)
PHYSICIAN'S REPORT.
In regard to the sanitary condition of the school for the past year I have to say
that the general health of the school has been good. A large majority of the case's
treated have been such as common sore eyes, sore throat, colds, and other slight ail-
ments. But few serious cases of illness have occurred, and but two deaths. Ten
children were returned to their homes during the year on account of poor health.
Eight of the ten were the victims of inherited consumptional disease. The two were
the result of consumption.
Near the beginning of the year a building 20 by 24 feet was erected for a boys' hos-
pital, and a little later another, of the same size, for a girls' hospital. Previous to the
erection of these buildings, the overcrowded condition of the school made it very
difficult to take proper care of the sick. Since their erection it has been possible to
give the best of care in almost every respect, and to this fact is largely due the small-
ness of the number of cases of serious sickness.
The present location of the school buildings, considered from a sanitary stand-point,
is not a good one, for two very important reasons; the first is, the drainage is very
poor, and cannot be bettered without considerable expense; the second is, that the
water supply is totally inadequate to the needs of the school. Of the four wells on the
f rounds all fail during the dry season, and it becomes necessary to haul water from
to 1 mile, which, for so large a number, is not a small task. If the water furnished
by the wells was sufficient in quantity, the drainage and the location of the wells are
such that eventually the water in the wells will be so contaminated as to prove a
fruitful source of disease Now that the number of children in school is increased
from 150 to 200, if the location of the school buildings is not changed immediate
action should be taken to improve the drainage and to furnish the school with an
abundant supply of fresh water. (W. V. Coffin. )
Yours respectfully,
H. J. MINTHORN, Superintendent.
The COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL FOR INDIAN YOUTH,
Genoa, Platle County, Nebraska, August 20, 1884.
SIR : I have the honor to report the opening of this school on the 20th of February,
1884, with 71 pupils from the Rosebud Agency, Dakota. On the 24th of the same month
18 arrived from the Yankton agency, Dakota. March 1, 27 ; March 20, 13 ; April 17,
5, and July 17, 2, all from the Rosebud Agency, joined the school; making an aggre-
gate of 136. One not accepted, and sent back ; 2 have since died ; 1 removed to
another school; 3 have run away, and not yet brought back, leaving 129; 89 boys
and 40 girls attending school. Their ages range from seven to twenty-two years.
A few over eighteen were admitted by permission of the Indian Office.
INDIAN EMPLOYES.
Have had 7, 2 boys, and 5 girls, from the Indian training school at Carlisle, Pa.
One of the boys was discharged for insubordination ; the other is now employed as
laborer and disciplinarian. One of the young ladies resigned. 2 are assistant cooks, 1
assistant seamstress, and 1 assistant laundress ; all of whom are competent and faith-
ful in their several duties.
BUILDINGS.
The school building is of brick. The main portion, formerly used for school pur-
poses by the Pawnee Indians, is 110 by 45 feet, three floors, with' wings recently added
crossing each end, each 80 by 20 feet, four floors. Basement occupied as a'diuing-
208 REPORT OF GENOA SCHOOL.
room, kitchens, pantry, boys and girls' assembly and wash room, commissary and
store rooms; first floor, four school-rooms^ one dormitory, office, reception-room, and
officers' rooms; second floor, sewing-room, infirmary, four dorn itories, teachers', em-
ploye's', and store rooms; third floor to wings, dormitories — all designed to accom-
modate 150 pupils and the officers and employes.
A carpenter shop has been built, 20 by 30 feet, one and a half stories; the upper
story is used for storage of goods; it was constructed of wood by the Indian boysj
a log cabin, 18 by 30 feet, two floors, occupied by the school farmer and his family, to
which additions have been made and fitted up as a temporary laundry. These with a
corn-crib, sheds for stock, and the necessary out-buildings comprise all the buildings,
excepting four sheds and tool and store house at the brick-yard.
THE FARM.
The school farm consists of half a section (320 acres) of land, a rich soil lying
nearly level upon the first and second benches, east of and adjoining the town of
Geno.-. A railroad crosses the farm from east to west, a few hundred feet in front of
the school building. About 20 acres are used as school grounds, roads, &c., leaving
300 acres for farming purposes. The farmer reports that the Indian boys did all
of the work, under his direction (except the sowing of the oats), clearing the land
of weeds and stubble ; plowing, harrowing, planting, cultivating, harvesting, and
stacking of the oats ; 130 acres of corn, 30 acres of it prepared, planted, and culti-
vated the old-time way — marking, dropping of the seed, covering, and cultivating
with hoes — as a means of instruction. The balance was done with a corn-planter
and double (horse) cultivators, the boys caring for and driving the teams. The corn
was cultivated six times to kill out a rank growth of weeds with which the farm was
overrun as the result of long neglect. Now a large crop is promised of corn, esti-
mated yield 6,000 bushels; 45 acres were sown to oats, cut and stacked, estimated
yield 2,000 bushels ; 10 acres potatoes, 7 acres beans, 10 acres garden vegetables, 40
acres hay land, and the balance pasture.
The boys have not only taken care of the horses and mules (4 span), but have herded
the cows (16 head,) milked most of them morning and evening, and fed the pigs (24
head).
In farming these boys have from the first manifested much interest, industry, and
aptitude, doing their work well. They have also set out 3,500 fruit trees and 3,500
vines and plants, and in every way given evidence of their adaptability to such work.
Even the smallest of the boys, from eight to ten years of age, have been employed
dropping seed, pulling weeds, and gathering the small vegetables.
CARPENTRY.
The school carpenter has had from 5 to 7 apprentices. With them he has built a
shop, sheds for the cattle and brick-yard, out-buildings, fences ; made all necessary re-
pairs and improvements upon the buildings, furniture, tables, benches, &c. The car-
penter, as well as the farmer, is instructed to do none of the work it is possible for
the boys to do ; to take all the time necessary to show and instruct the pupils in all
matters pertaining to his department. In this work the boys have exhibited inge-
nnuity, interest, and industry, and promise to become good workmen.
THE BRICK- YARD
but recently started ; at first was somewhat disappointed in consequence of the In-
dian boys failing to do the work required. They seemed indiiferent and wanting in
strength, and broke down, compelling the employment of white labor. But now they
are doing better and promise to do as well in this occupation as they have in other.
Brick are needed to build a laundry, requiring for this purpose nearly 300,000 brick ;
cisterns and buildings are also needed. Besides, in the manufacture of brick the
pupils are instructed in an important industry ; it can be made a source of income to
the school. Have completed one kiln containing 80,000, which was injured by a se-
vere storm of wind and rain, yet we have 50,000 merchantable brick selling at the
yard for $10 and $12 a thousand. Another kiln, containing 250,000, will be ready for
delivery by the 10th or 15th of September. Another, of the same number of brick, by
the 20th or 30th of October, which will secure the completion of the laundry building
before winter.
GENERAL HOUSEWORK.
The matron reports the general household work as performed by Indian girls, either
as pupils or employe's. A Sioux girl, who had previous to coming here attended only
reservation schools where housework was not taught, came here a pupil and is now
REPORT OF CHILOCCO SCHOOL. 209
employed as dining-room director, having 13 girls in charge who are detailed each
one to a table. She in a very quiet and matronly manner teaches her girls to place
food upon the table in order and with neatness, to wash their dishes and reset the
table, sweeping and cleaning that portion of the dining-room they occupy, and caring
for the implements they use, teaching them to become housekeepers.
Girls are also regularly detailed to care for the dormitories in their wing of the school
building, the sitting and other rooms, this detail being under the supervision of the
assistant matron. The boys, beiug in another wing of the building, care for the rooms
specially theirs.
The laundry is in charge of a white woman, assisted by an Indian girl who is from
the Carlisle school. All the washing and ironing for the pupils is done at the laun-
dry, and six girls are detailed daily to assist in the work, 3 for the mornings and 3
for the afternoons, thus securing attendance at school half of each day, as it is our
design that labor and study shall move hand in hand.
The same order of detail prevails in the seamstress or sewing room, a change being
made each month in all, that each girl may become proficient in every department of
labor. The small girls belonging to the primary department of the school, having
only a short session in the school-room each half day, are sent on leaving it to the
sewing room, where they are taught to hemstitch and darn, and are most of them
very expert. All the mending for the school is done by the girls, also all the making
of the garments for the girls and some of the boys. The outer garments aud flannel
shirts for most of the boys are sent to us ready-made, but before issue they are re-
sewed to make strong and more durable.
PHYSICIAN'S REPORT.
The school physician reports that the health of the pupils has been very good since
the opening of the school. There have been no acute diseases of a contagious nat-
ure. Although two epidemics of measles have been in the town and some cases in
close proximity, there have been no cases among the pupils. Two have died from con-
sumption, one at the school and the other after returning to his home at the agency.
The physician attributes the good health of the pupils to the strict sanitary meas-
ures carried out.
THE SCHOOL-ROOM.
The most important part of this work is tnat of the teachers in the school-room,
educating the youth, and inasmuch as the opening of the school is of so recent a date,
and the necessity of first teaching the pupils the English language, not only to un-
derstand it but to use it in their converse with each other, there is but little to re-
port after so short a period — six months only, one month's vacation, leaving five
mouths for tuition ; and as the pupils attend school but half of each day, the term of
instruction is reduced to two and a half months. Therefore progress during that
time, while marked and encouraging, still finds the scholars, most of them, in the
primary methods of instruction, consisting of the objective study of language, writ-
ing words, phrases, and sentences upon slates and blackboards, counting, writing
and reading numbers, drawing, modeling in clay, reading, reciting, singing, kinder-
garten occupation, &c. It may be considered unfortunate that all of the pupils are
of the Sioux Indian Nation, and all speak the Dakota tongue, which renders the ac-
quiring of another language much more difficult than if children of other tribes who
do not iinderstand Dakota were a part of the school.
Respectfully,
SAMUEL F. TAPPAN,
Superintenden t.
The COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
INDIAN INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL, CHILOCCO, INDIAN TERRITORY
(via ARKANSAS CITY, KANS.), July 15, 1884.
SIR : I have the honor herewith to submit the first annual report of Chilocco Indian
industrial school for the fractional year commencing January 15, 18rf4, and ending
June 30, 1884. Enrollments, males, 130; females, 56. Average attendance,
4266 IND 14
210 REPORT OF CHILOCCO SCHOOL.
Our school opened up, at the time referred to above, under very unfavorable cir
cumstances, the weather being very cold and inclement, and the children having to
be transported so far across the plains in wagons, and at considerable expense to the
Government; but under the careful management of Mr. Frank Maltby, who was at
the time employed as clerk and industrial teacher for the school, there was brought
from the Kiowa, Comauche, and Wichita Agency, and from the Cheyenne and Arapaho
Agency, 1^3 children, without any great suffering or any sickness being contracted,
although they passed through a " norther" of two days' duration, causing a delay of
that length of time. From other agencies we received other pupils until our num-
bers reached that referred to above.
We have been visited quite often by parents of the children and by chiefs of the
different tribes, who invariably express themselves as wrell pleased with the school
and its prospects, and pledge themselves to work for the school and its interests; es-
pecially those of the Southwest said to me, " When you want more children let us
,knowr, and you shall have all you want.'' The future 'may decide as to the sincerity
of their expressions.
Some of our larger pupils have been somewhat discouraged on account of not hav-
ing the necessary accommodations for learning trades, as they had expected when
they came, causing discontent with some, and a few returned without permission to
the agencies; but since your order to agents to return such as left the school without
permission we have had no further trouble in that direction, and if proper arrange-
ments are made in the way of shops, &c., I think no difficulty will be had in keeping
the children well contented.
For the most part, the pupils have engaged in the work of opening up the farms,
fencing, digging sewers, &c., very willingly, and, considering1 their experience, have
done well; and with a prospect of a little ^pay next year tfiey will enter upon their
work with more zeal than ever before. We had not the children long enough for any
of them to learn any one thing sufficiently well to do it without some help. Some of
the girls could, with a little help, cut and make plain garments, and could render some
assistance in laundry and kitchen. I find, however, that in their first lessons they
are much more liable to break tools they work with or dishes they use than after they
have had some training. Our garden has been of considerable benefit to the school,
notwithstanding it has been partially destroyed by stock which are running at large
in this part of the Territory. Our pumpkins and squashes planted on the newly
broken ground promise wrell ; also the millet is looking well; seed-corn will not pro-
duce very much; melons and cucumbers look nicely — latter ready for use. The
trouble we have had with trespassing stock will be avoided soon by our fence being
put up.
The children have made commendable progress in all branches of study they have
undertaken. We find a less number of dull children among these children than
among an equal number of whites.
Our Sunday exercises consist of Sunday-school at 10. 30 o'clock a. m. and preaching
each alternate Sunday by some of the ministers from the city ; we also have each
evening through the wreek, in addition to the regular study hour, a time for devotional
exercises, singing, &c.
The stock interests have only begun, having just received cattle under modified
contract of H. C. Slavens, and 18 high grade polled Angus and Galloway bulls bought
in open market from Mr. Blacksheve, of Kansas. One of the latter has since died;
the others are all doing nicely, and are being cared for by the boys, with the assist-
ance of Mr. R. A. Muusou, an irregular employd.
As an experiment we have given permission for some of the children to visit their
parents during vacation, with the promise to return at the beginning of the school
year without expense to the Government.
The sanitary condition of the school has been very good, considering the fact that
the greater part of our children were sent to us without the proper medical examina-
tions. We have lost but two by death the past year, one Cheyenne girl and one Caddo
boy. In receiving children in future we hope to be able to exercise more care and
have them properly examined before admitting them.
Our limited number of apprentices are doing well ; four in the bakery, and five at the
carpenter's trade, and three are learning painting. With the same progress through
another year that has been made in the past, wre will be able to do our own baking
without the aid of a white baker. Our carpenters show7 an aptness for their work and
are learning rapidly. The painters have been at work on some of the out-buildings,
doing well for beginners. I think that the prevailing and oft-repeated idea " that on
account of the close proximity to the agencies it will be impossible to make Chilocco
a success " is already proven to be an erroneous idea. There is no reason why she may
not, under careful management, take her place in the front as an educational institu-
tion for Indian children.
REPORT OF PHYSICIAN, PINE RIDGE AGENCY. 211
Statistical reports have been forwarded.
Acknowledging the kindness I have received from officers of the Indian Department
and thanks to our kind Father above for his blessings upon us,
I aui your obedient servant,
W. J. HADLEY,
Superintendent.
The COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
PINE RIDGE AGENCY, DAK.,
August 20, 1884.
SIR : Complying with your instructions, I have the honor to submit my annual report
for the year ending June 30, 1884, pertaining to the health and sanitary condition of
this agency.
1881-82.
1882-'83.
188.V84.
2 015
3 611
5 013
Total deaths .
36
98
190
Total births
21
92
63
A large ratio of mortality* was among young children, attributable to exposure and
the harsh practices of their relatives, a majority of whom have not the remotest idea
of the indispensable nursing and ordinary hygiene; hence it is, many reliable pre-
scriptions fail to benefit and they return to their medicine men. Many of the other
deaths were those whose illness were not reported at all, or until after their medicine
men or women had failed, and who were then usually so exhausted that little could
be done for them. Regarding the births, it is very probable many are never reported
to the agency police, a death ; however, on account of its impressiveness or display,
can more easily be ascertained ; it is my opinion the two about balance.
On the whole I am certain these Indians are steadily gaining confidence in the rem-
edies of the white man, calling for them more frequently each succeeding year. Though
it is also evident they are wedded to the pernicious influence of the medicine men, so
often are these empirics met with in my daily rounds, that a brief s >journ here would
impress one with a belief that they were nearly all — men and women — of that voca-
tion. Sometimes I fancy the mystic creatures (generally of middle age, rarely old
men) are tolerated through fear of their conjury. Under such circumstances it is
occasionally my pleasure to administer the medicine to the sick person, nolens volens,
training as guides, is dangerous guess work, which, therefore, would make any one
and, through the interpreter, kindly explain that doctoring, without education and
of them as qualified as another. The gradual decline of their vitiating dances, an
improvement in their improperly prepared food, and insufficient clothing, and the
rapid adoption of log-houses for domiciles should soon show a decreased death rate.
It is here noticeable that contrary to a common belief, East, the Indians, though of
hardy origin, do not enjoy immunity from sickness any more than other races. Their
maladies range from simple constipation to "misery all over." Tubercular diseases,
diseases of the digestive system, of the respiratory organs, of the eye, and of the
skin (the latter in great variety), of more or less gravity, are presented daily for treat-
ment. With some I am able to apply routine treatment, though, in most instances,
after the medicine is once theirs, nothing more is heard from them for months, if ever,
so little do they appreciate the necessity of systematic treatment. No doubt some of
the crude drugs applied for were for combining with their own medicinal herbs. No
case of syphilis and only three of gonorrhea among full-bloods have been treated
during the year. Still births, plural births, difficult parturition, and suicides not
infrequently occur here, though not as often as among the whites.
The efficiency of this branch of the service would be promoted here by one of the
following auxiliaries: an apothecary, an assistant physician, or limited hospital ac-
commodations—about 10 beds — for such of the sick or injured who come from great
distances (furthest Indian village 40 miles) to the agency for treatment, and have to
return forthwith without receiving material benefit in one visit, because at present
there is no provision for shelter and sustenance of the sick.
It is a source of gratification to know that notwithstanding the unfavorable phys-
ical auspices with which the large boarding-school opened — an epidemic of chicken-
pox and many sick from sudden change of habit — no death has yet occurred there,
and now the health of the children continues remarkably good.
212 REPORT OF PHYSICIAN, PINE RIDGE AGENCY.
Our location for healthfulness could hardly be excelled, being entirely exempt from
malaria and the more malignant zymotics, located on an extensive, elevated prairie,
visited by strong, dry winds, and abundant atmospheric electricity contribute to clean-
liness of the villages. The agency proper, besides being thoroughly drained, sup-
plied with sewerage and garbage holes, is carefully policed as frequently as necessary.
The medical supplies sent here for the dispensary are of good quality and quantity,
though there are several preparations, such as aloes, tr. belladonna, tr. gentian, po-
rous-plasters, &c., that could be utilized if allowed on requisition. Also several
minor surgical instruments, not on hand, are needed for emergencies in such a large
community.
Very respectfully,
J. ASHLEY THOMPSON, M. D.,
Dr. V. T. McGiLLicUDDY, Agent. Agency Physician.
INDIAN LEGISLATION PASSED DURING THE FIRST SESSION
OF THE FORTY-EIGHTH CONGRESS.
PUBLIC ACTS.
CHAP. 50.— An act to repeal section eight of an act entitled "An act to accept and May 14, 1884.
ratify the agreement submitted by the confederated bands of Ute Indians in Colo- _ ,
rado'for the sale of their reservation in said State, and for other purposes, and to I v OL> M> P- »J
make the necessary appropriations for carrying out the same," approved June fif-
teenth, eighteen hundred and eighty.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United 21 Stat.. 20t.
States of America in Congress assembled, That section eight of an act en- Restoration of
titled "An act to accept and ratify the agreement submitted by the ute Indian re£
confederated bauds of Ute Indians in Colorado for the sale of their res- ervation, Colora-
ervation in said State, and for other purposes, and to make the ueces- do, to public do-
sary appropriations for carrying out the same," approved June fifteenth, main-
eighteen hundred and eighty, be, and the same is hereby, repealed ;
and that the lands referred to in said section are hereby restored to the
public domain.
Approved, May 14, 1884.
CHAP. 177.— An act to grant to the Gulf, Colorado and Santa F6 Railway Company
a right of way through the Indian Territory, and for other purposes. July 4, 1884.
[Vol. 23, p. 69.)
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United
States of America in Congress assembled, That the Gulf, Colorado and Eight of way-
Santa F6 Railway Company, a corporation created under and by virtue for railway, tele-
of the laws of the State of Texas, be, and the same is hereby, invested S^aph, and tele-
and empowered with the right of locating, constructing, owning, equip- & oToVa (fo
ping, operating, using and maintaining a railway, telegraph, and tel- Santa F6 Rail-
ephone line through the Indian Territory, beginning at a point to be se- way Co. through
lected by said railway company on Red River, north of the northern * n«ian Terri-
boundary of Cook County, in the State of Texas, and running thence °ry>
by the most practicable route through the Indian Territory to a point
on the southern boundary of the State of Kansas, the line to be located
in sections of twenty-five miles each and before work is begun on any
section the line thereof is to be approved by the Secretary of the In-
terior with the right to construct, use, and maintain such tracks, turn- Route to heap-
outs, sidings, aud extensions as said company may deem it to their proved by Secore-
interest to construct along and upon the right of way and depot grounds tar? of Interior.
hereby granted.
SEC. '2. That a right of way one hundred feet in width through said
Indian Territory is hereby granted to the Gulf, Colorado and Santa F6 Grant of land*
Railway Company, and a strip of land two hundred feet in width, with for stations.
alergth of three thousand feet in addition to the right of way, is granted
for such stations as may be established, but such grant shall be allowed
but once for every ten miles of the road, no portion of which shall be
sold or leased by the company with the right to use such additional
ground where there are heavy cuts or tills as may be necessary for the
construction and maintenance of the road bed, not exceeding one hun-
dred feet in width on each side of said right of way or as much thereof
as may be included in said cut or fill. Provided, That no more than Proviso,
said addition of laud shall be taken for any one station. Provided Proviso.
further, That no part of the lands herein granted shall be used except
in such manner and for such purposes only as shall be riecesssary for
the construction and convenient operation of said railroad, telegraph
and telephone line and when any portion thereof shall cease to be so
used such portion shall revert to the nation or tribe of Indians from
•which the same shall have been taken.
213
214 INDIAN LEGISLATION.
Compensation SKC. 3. That before said railway shall be constructed through any
orproperty, <fcc. iau(ls h^ Dy individual occupants, according to the laws, customs, and
usages of any of the Indian nations or tribes through which it may be
constructed, full compensation shall be made to such occupants for all
property to be taken or damage done by reason of the construction of
such railway. In case of failure to make amicable settlement with any
occupant, such compensation shall be determined by the appraisment
Eeferees in case of three disinterested referees to be appointed by the President who
ent. before entering upon the duties of their appointment shall take and
subscribe before competent authority an oath that they will faithfully
Oath. and impartially discharge the duties of their appointment which oath
duly certified shall be returned with their award. In ease the referees
canuot agree, then any two of them are authorized to make the award.
Either party being dissatisfied with the finding of the referees shall
to the court? P uave the right within ninety days after the making of the award and
notice of the same, to appeal by original petition to the courts, where
the case shall be tried de novo. When proceedings have been com-
menced in court, the railway company shall pay double the amount of
the award into court to abide the judgment thereof, and then have the
Compensation right to enter upon the property sought to be condemned and proceed
ofreferees. with the construction of the railroad. Each of said referees shall re-
ceive for his services the sum of four dollars per day for each day they
Fees of wit- are engaged in the trial of any case submitted to them under this act,
nesses. with mileage at five cents per mile. Witnesses shall receive the usual
Costs, <fcc. fees allowed by the courts of said nations. Costs including compensa-
tion of the referees, shall be made a part of the award and be paid by
such railroad company.
Freight rates. SEC. 4. That said railway company shall not charge the inhabitants of
said Territory a greater rate of freight than the rate authorized by the
laws of the State of Texas for services or transportation of the same
kind, provided that passenger rates on said railway shall not exceed
Passenger three cents per mile. Congress hereby reserves the right to regulate
the charges for freight and passengers on said railway and messages on
said telegraph and telephone lines until a State Government or Govern-
ments shall exist in said territory, within the limits of which said
railway or a part thereof shall be located ; and then such State Gov-
ernment or Governments shall be authorized to fix and regulate the
cost of transportation of persons and freights within their respective
limits, by said railway, but Congress expressly reserves the right to fix
and regulate at all times the cost of such transportation by said- rail-
way or said company, whenever such transportation shall extend from
one State into another, or shall extend into more than one State.
Provided however that the rates of such transportation of passengers
Hates for car- l°cal or interstate shall not exceed those above expressed andprovided
rying U.S. mails, fur tier, That said railway company shall carry the mail at such prices
as Congress may by law provide and until such rate is fixed by law the
Postmaster-General n ay fix the rate of compensation.
Payments per ^ECT 5< That said railway company shall pay to the Secretary of the
mile of railroad Interior, for the benefit of the particular nations or tribes through
constructed. whose lands said railway may be located, the sum of fifty dollars in ad-
dition to compensation provided for by this act for property taken or
damage done by the construction of the railway for each mile of railway
that it may construct in said Territory, said payments to be made in
instalments of five hundred dollars as each ten miles of road is graded.
Said company shall also pay, as long as said Territory is owned and oc-
cupied by the Indians, to the Secretary of the Interior, the sum of fifteen
a dollars per annum for each mile of railway it shall construct in the said
tericrto^isl-ib- Territory. The money paid to the Secretary of the Interior under the
ute proceeds, &c. provisions of this act shall be apportioned by him, in accordance with
the laws and treaties now in force among the different nations and
tribes, according to the number of miles of railway that may be con-
structed by said rail <vay company through their lands : Provided, That
Add 't' 1 ^on«re88 shall have the right, so long as said lands are occupied and
taxes. possessed by said nations and tribes, to impose such additional taxes
upon said railroad as it may deem just and proper for their benefit ;
Proviso Provided further, That if the general council of either of the nations
or tribes through whose lands said railway may be located shall
within four mouths after the filing of maps of definite location as set
forth in section six of this act, dissent from the allowances provided for
in this section, and shall certify the same to the Secretary of the Inte-
INDIAN LEGISLATION. 215
Compensation rior, then all compensation to be paid to such dissenting nation or tribe
ia ^how^aid* uucler tue provisions of this act shall be determined as provided in sec-
' tion three for the determination of the compensation to be paid to the
individual occupant of lauds, with the right of appeal to the courts npon
Proviso. the same terms, conditions, and requirements, as herein provided : Pro-
vided further, That the amount awarded or adjudged to be paid by said
railway company for said dissenting nation or tribe shall be in lieu of
the compensation that said nation or tribe would be entitled to receive
Congress may under the provisions of this section. Nothing in this act shall be con-
impose taxes. strued to prohibit Congress from imposing taxes upon said railway, nor
any Territory or State hereafter formed, through which said railway
shall have been established from exercising the like power as to such
Right to imme- part of said railway as may lie within its limits. Said railway company
diat? survey and 8hall have the right to survey and locate its railway immediately after
location of road. the pM8age of ^ act
Map of route to SEC. 6. That said company shall cause maps showing the general
be filed, &c. route of its located line through said Territory to be filed in the office
of the Secretary of the Interior, and also to be filed ia the office of the
principal chief of each of the nations or tribes through whose lands
said railway may be located ; and after the filing of said maps no claim
for a subsequent settlement and improvement upon the right of way
shown by said maps shall be valid as against said company: Provided,
That when a map showing any portion of said railway company's lo-
cated line is filed as herein provided for, said company shall commence
Gradi «•• h gra(1ing said located line within six months thereafter or such location
to commenced en shall be void as to any occupant thereof.
. * SEC. 7. The officers, servants and employees of said company, neces-
ploveea to residue 8arv to tne construction, operation and management of said road and
on lands, &c. telegraph and telephone lines shall be allowed to reside, while so en-
gaged upon said right of way, but subject to the provisions of the In-
dian intercourse laws and such rules and regulations as may be estab-
lished by the Secretary of the Interior, in accordance with said inter-
course laws.
What courts to SEC. &- Tnat tlie United States circuit and district courts for the
have concurrent northern district of Texas, the western district of Arkansas, the dis-
jarisdiction, &c. trict of Kansas, and such other courts as may be authorized by Con-
gress shall have, without reference to the amount in controversy, con-
current jurisdiction overall controversies arising between said Gulf,
Colorado and Santa F6 Railway Company, and the nations and tribes
through whose territory said railway shall be constructed. Said courts
shall have like jurisdiction, without reference to the amount in con-
troversy, over all controversies arising between the inhabitants of said
nations or tribes and said railway company ; and the civil jurisdiction
of said courts is hereby extended within the limits of said Indian Ter-
ritory, without distinction as to citizenship of the parties, so far as
may be necessary to carry otut the provisions of this act.
SEC. 9. That said railway company shall build at least one hundred
f .. , miles of its railway in said Territory within. three years after the pas-
Ac!???* fallureto 8aSe of tuis act« 0* this grant shall be forfeited as to that portion not
build road. built, that said railroad company shall construct and maintain con-
Bridge s and^11113^-) a^ roa^ an(l highway crossings, and necessary bridges, over
road and highway said railway wherever said roads and highways do now or may here-
crossings. after cross said railways right of way, or may be by the proper author-
ities laid out across the same.
Conditions of SEC. 10. That the said Gulf, Colorado and Santa F6 Railway Corn-
acceptance ot pany shall accept this right of way upon express condition, binding
grant; proviso, upon itself, its successors and assigns, that they will neither aid, ad-
vise, nor assist in any eifort looking toward the changing or extin-
guishing the present tenure of the Indians in their lands, and will not
attempt to secure from the Indian nations any further grant of land,
or its occupancy, than is hereinbefore provided: Provided: That any
violation of the condition mentioned in this section shall operate as a
forfeiture of all the rights and privileges of said railway company
under this act.
Mortgages, <fcc., SECTION 11. All mortgages executed by said Railway Company con-
to be recorded in veyiug any portion of its railroad, with its franchises, that may be
Department of In- constructed in said Indian Territory, shall be recorded in the Depart-
ment of the Interior, and the record thereof shall be evidence and no-
tice of their execution and shall convey all rights and property of said
company as therein expressed.
SEC. !•<£. Congress may, at any time amend, add to alter or repeal this act.
Approved, July 4, 1884.
216 INDIAN LEGISLATION.
July 4, 1884. CHAP. 179.— An act to grant the right of way through the Indian Territory to the
Southern Kansas Railway Company and for other purposes.
[Vol. 23, p. 73.]
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United
fo?railwav Sf- State* °f America in Congress assembled, That the Southern Kansas Rail-
graph, and tele- way Company, a corporation created under and by virtue of the laws
phone lines to of the State of Kansas, be, and the K<ame is hereby, invested and em-
Southern Kansas powered with the right of locating, constructing, owning, equipping,
ny tSoughmin- °Perating> using, and maintaining a railway and telegraph and ~tele-
dian Territory, phone line through the Indian Territory, beginning at a point on the
R . northern line of said Territory where an extension of the Southern
Kansas Railway from Win field in a southerly direction would strike
said line, running thence south in the direction of Denuison, in the
State of Texas, on the most practicable route, to a point at or near
where the Washita River empties into the Red River, witli a branch
consti ucted from a point at or near where said main line crosses the
northern line of said Territory, westwardly along or near the northern
line of said Territory, to a point at or neai where Medicine Lodge Creek
crosses the northern line of said Territory, and from that point in a
southwesterly direction, crossing Beaver Creek at or near Camp Supply,
and reaching the west line of said Indian Territory at or near where
Wolf Creek crosses the same, with the right to construct, use, and
maintain such tracks, turnouts and sidings as said company may deem
it to their interest to construct along and upon the right of way and
depot grounds hereby granted.
Land grant for SEC. 2. That a right of way one hundred feet in width through said
stations, etc. Indian Territory is hereby granted for said main line and branch to the
Southern Kansas Railway Company, and a strip of laud two hundred.
feet in width with a length of three thousand feet in addition to right
of way is granted for stations for every ten miles of road, no portion
of which shall be sold or leased by the company with the right to use
such additional ground where there are heavy cuts or fills as may be
necessary for the construction and maintenance of the road-bed not
exceeding one hundred feet in width on each side of said right of wjay
Proviso. or as much thereof as may be included in said cut or fill: Provided,
That no more than said addition of laud shall be taken for any one
station : Provided further, That no part of the lands herein granted
shall be used except in such manner and for such purposes only as shall
be necessary for the construction and convenient operation of said rail-
Reversion of road, telegraph and telephone lines, and when any portion thereof shall
land, when. cease to be so used, such portion shall revert to the nation or tribe of
Indians from which the same shall have been taken.
Compensation SEC. 3. That before said railway shall be constructed through any
to individual oc- lanas held by individual occupants according to the laws, customs, and
usages of any of the Indian nations or tribes through which it may be
constructed, full compensation shall be made to such occupants for all
property to be taken or damage done by reason of the construction of
such railway. In case of failure to make amicable settlement with any
Referees in occupant, such compensation shall be determined by the appraisement
cases of disagree- of three disinterested referees, to be appointed by the President, who.
before entering upon the duties of their appointment shall take and
Oath. subscribe, before competent authority, an oath that they will faithfully
and impartially discharge the duties of their appointment, which oath,
duly certified, shall be returned with their award. In case the referees
cannot agree, then any two of them are authorized to make the award,
Either party being dissatisfied with the finding of the referees shall
have the right, within ninety days after the making of the award and
Right of appeal notice of the same, to appeal by original petition to the courts, where
to the courts. the case shall be tried de novo, When proceedings have been com-
menced in court, the railway company shall pay double the amount of
Award, etc. the award into court to abide the judgment thereof, and then have the
right to enter upon the property sought to be condemned, and proceed
Compensation with the construction of the railroad, Each 6f said referees shall re-
of referees. ceive for their services the sum of four dollars per day for each day
they are engaged in the trial of any case submitted to them under this
Fees of wit- act, with mileage at five cents per mile, Witnesses shall receive the
nesses. usual fees allowed by the courts of said nations, costs, including com-
pensation of the referees shall be made a part of the award, and be
paid by such railroad company,
INDIAN LEGISLATION. 217
SEC. 4. That said railroad company shall not charge the inhabitants
of said Territory a greater rate of freight than the rate authorized by Freight rates ;
the laws of the State of Kansas for services or transportation of the same Promso-
kind ; Provided : that passenger rates on said railway shall not exceed Passenger
three cents per mile. Congress hereby reserves the right to regulate ra4?-s% t f P
the charges for freight and passengers on said railway and messages On £ to ^gulSe
said telegraph and telephone lines, until a State government or goveru- Charges for trans-
ments shall exist in said Territory, within the limits of which said rail- portation, etc. ,
way or a part thereof shall be located ; and then such State government reserved ; pro-
or governments shall be authorized to fix and regulate the cost of trans- mt
portations of persons and freights within their respective limits by said
railway ; but Congress expressly reserves the right to fix and regulate
at all times the cost of such transportation by said railway or said com-
pany whenever such transportation shall extend from one State into
another, or shall extend into more than one State : Provided ho'wever,
That the rate of such transportation of passengers, local or interstate,
shall not exceed the rate above expressed, And provided further, That Carrying of
said railway company shall carry the mail at such prices as Congress mails.
may by law provide : and until such rate is fixed by law the Postmaster-
General may fix the rate of compensation,
SEC. 5. That said railway company shall pay to the Secretary of the Damages.
Interior, for the benefit of the particular nations or tribes through whose
lands said main line and branch maybe located the sum of fifty dollars,
in addition to compensation provided for in this act for property taken
and damages done by the construction of the railway for each mile of
railway that it may construct in said Territory, said payments to be made
in installments of five hundred dollars as each ten miles of road is
graded, Said company shall also pay, so long as said Territory is owned
and occupied by the Indians, to the Secretary of the Interior the sum
of fifteen dollars per annum for each mile of railway it shall construct
in the said Territory. The money paid to the Secretary of the Interior
under the provisions of thif3 act shall be apportioned by him, in accord- Apportionment
ance with the laws and treaties now in force among the different nations of moneys, &c.
and tribes according to the number of miles of railway that may be con-
structed by said railway company through their lands : Provided, That Proviso.
Congress shall have the right, so long as said lands are occupied and
possessed by said nations and tribes, to impose such additional taxes Additional
upon said railroad as it may deem just and proper for their benefit: Pro- taxes.
videdfurther, That if the general counsel of either of the nations or tribes Proviso.
through whose lands said railway may be located shall within four
months after the filing of maps of definite location, as set forth in sec-
tion six of this act, dissent from the allowances provided for in this sec-
tion, and shall certify the same to the Secretary of the Interior, then all
compensation to be paid to such dissenting nation or tribe under the Compensation
provisions of this act shall be determined as provided in section three for lands, how
for the determination of the compensation to be paid to the individual pa
occupant of lands with the right of appeal to the courts upon the same
terms, conditions, and requirements as therein provided : Provided fur- Proviso,
ther, That the amount awarded or adjudged to be paid by said railway Award in lieu
company for said dissenting nation or tribe shall be in lieu of the com- of compensation,
peusation that said nation or tribe would be entitled to receive under
the provisions of this section, Nothing in this act shall be construed
to prohibit Congress from imposing taxes upon said railway, nor any Congress may
Territory or State hereafter formed through which said railway shall impose taxes, etc.
have been established from exercising the like power as to such part of Right to imme-
said railway as may lie within its limits, Said railway company shall diateT survey and
have the right to survey and locate its railway immediately after the location,
passage of this act.
SEC. 6. That this company shall cause maps showing the route of its Maps^of route,
located lines through said Territory to be filed in the office of the Sec- &c-> to °e flle<L
retary of the Interior, and also to be filed in the office of the principal
chief of each of the nations or tribes through whose lands said railway
may be located ; and after the filing of said maps no claim for a subse- Subsequent
queut settlement and improvement upon the right of way shown by claims not valid,
said maps shall be valid as against said company: Provided, That when Proviso.
a map showing auv portion of said railway company's located line is
filed as herein provided for, said company shall commence grading said Grading, when
located line within six months thereafter or such location shall be void to commence,
and said location shall be approved by the Secretary of the Interior in Approval of
sections of twenty five miles before construction of any such section Secretary of In-
shall be begun,
218 INDIAN LEGISLATION.
Rightof offl- SEC. 7. The officers, servants and employe's of said company necessary
side ^>a IstnSa to t'^16 constr"ction and management of said road shall be allowed to
granted. reside, while so engaged upon such right of way, but subject to the
provisions of the Indian intercourse laws and such rules and regulations
as may be established by the Secretary of the Interior in accordance
with said intercourse laws.
SKC' 8' T.hat. the United States circuit and district courts for the
jurisdiction. northern district of Texas, the western district of Arkansas, and the
district of Kansas, and such other courts as may be authorized by Con-
gress, shall have, without reference to the amount in controversy, con-
current jurisdiction over all controversies arising between said South-
ern Kansas Railway Company and the nations and tribes through
whose territory said railway shall be constructed, Said courts shall
have like jurisdiction, without reference to the amount in controversy,
over all controversies arising between the inhabitants of said nations or
Civil jurisdic- tribes and said rail way company ; and the civil jurisdiction of said courts
Extended &°curts ^ hereby extended within the limits of said Indian Territory, without
distinction as to citizenship of the parties, so far as may be necessary
to carry out the provisions of this act,
Lands forfeit- SEC. 9. That said railway company shall build at least one hundred
h MHF fallure touiiles of its railway in said Territory within three years after the pas-
sage of this act, or this grant shall be forfeited as to that portion not
Bridges and huilt, that said railroad company shall construct and maintain continu-
road and high- a^J all road and highway crossings, and necessary bridges, over said
way crossings, railway whereever said roads and highways do no-V or may hereafter
cross said railway's right of way, or may be by the proper authorities
laid out across the same.
Conditions of SEC. 10. That the said Southern Kansas Railway Company shall ac-
&r cutptance ofcept this right of way upon the expressed condition, binding upon
itself, its successors and assigns, that they will neither aid, advise, nor
assist in any effort looking towards the changing or extinguishing the
present tenure of the Indians in their land, and will not attempt to se-
cure from the Indian nations any further grant of land or its occupancy
than is hereinbefore provided : Provided, That any violation of the con-
dition mentioned in this section shall operate as a forfeiture of all the
rights and privileges of said railway company under this act.
Mortgages, SEC. 11. All mortgages executed by said railway company conveying
ed^n^ntlriorDe- any Portion of its railroad, with its franchises, that may be constructed
partment. " in said Indian Territory, shall be recorded in the Department of the
Interior, and the record thereof shall be evidence and notice of their
execution, and shall convey all rights and property of said company as
therein expressed.
SEC. 12. Congress may, at any time, amend, add to, alter or repeal
this act.
Approved, July 4, 1884.
July 4, 1884. CHAP. 180.— An act making appropriations for the current and contingent expenses
r ', OQ ITT of the Indian Department, and for fulfilling treaty stipulations with various Indian
r 01. 66, p. /o.j Bribes, forthe year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty-five, and for
other purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United
Indian appro- States of America in Congress assembled, That the following sums be, and
enXn° June"7 30r tliey are hereby, appropriated, out of any money in the Treasury not
1885. ° ' otherwise appropriated, for the purpose of paying the current and con-
tingent expenses of the Indian Department, and fulfilling treaty stipu-
lations with the various Indian tribes, namely :
###*••*#*
[Vol. 23, p. 79.] COLTJMBIAS AND COLVILLES.
Columbias and For the purpose of carrying into effect the agreement entered into at
Colvilles. the city of Washington on the seventh day of July, eighteen hundred
Agreement of and eighty-three, between the Secretary of the Interior and the Corn-
July 7, 1883 ac- jinis8i(raer of Indian Affairs and Chief Moses and other Indians of the
and confirmed. Columbia and Colville reservations, in Washington Territory, which
agreement is hereby accepted, ratified, and confirmed, including all ex-
A * t' ponses incident thereto, eighty-five thousand dollars, or so much thereof
PP. pl L0n- as may be required therefor, to be immediately available: Provided,
«o. •, Tb.at Sarsopkin and the Indians now residing on said Columbia reser-
INDIAN LEGISLATION. 219
vation shall elect within one year from the passage of this act whether
they will remain upon said reservation on the terms therein stipulated
or remove to the Colville reservation : And provided further, That in case Proviso.
said Indians so elect to remain on said Columbia Reservation the Sec-
retary of the Interior shall cause the quantity of land therein stipulated
to be'allowed them to be selected in as compact form as possible, the
same when so selected to be held for the exclusive use and occupation
of said Indians, and the remainder of said reservation to be thereupon
restored to the public domain, and shall be disposed of to actual settlers
.under the homestead laws only, except such portion thereof as may
properly be subject to sale under the laws relating to the entry of tim-
ber lands and of mineral lands, the entry of which shall be governed
by the laws now in force concerning the entry of such lands.
KICKAPOOS. [Vol. 23, p. 81.]
This amount, to enable the President of the United States to carry
out the provisions of the third article of the treaty made with the Kicka- 13 Stat., 623.
poo Indians dated June twenty-eight, eighteen hundred and sixty-two,
to be paid as provided in said treaty, and under such rules as the Sec-
retary of the Interior may prescribe, to eleven Kickapoo Indians who
have become citizens of the United States, such sum as may be their
proportion of the one hundred thousand dollars provided for said tribe
for education and other beneficial purposes pertreaty of May eighteenth,
eighteen hundred and fifty- four, not exceeding three thousand seven 10 Stat., 1078.
hundred and sixteen dollars and twenty-one cents; and the Secretary
of the Interior is directed to pay also to the said eleven Kickapoos their
proportion of the tribal funds held in trust by the United States, and
on deposit in the United States Treasury.
[Vol. 23, p. 88.]
Three thousand dollars or so much thereof as may be necessary to en- Survey of por-
able the President to cause to be surveyed such portion of the Puyal- tionof Puyallup
lup reservation in Washington Territory into lots as he may deem* ad- Washington Ter-
visable and direct, and the same assign to such individual Indians or ritory, into lota,
families of such reservation as are willing to avail themselves of the priv- &c.
ilege and will locate on the same as permanent homes in accordance
with the terms of article six of the treaty made on December twenty-
sixth, eighteen hundred and fifty-four, and ratified by the Senate March
third, eighteen hundred and fifty-five.
[Vol. 23, p. 89.]
To enable the Secretary of the Interior to establish the Turtle Mount- Turtle Mount-
ain band of Chippewasiu permanent homes on homesteads, and to pur- ain band of Chip-
chase stock, implements, and other necessaries, five thousand dollars. pewa8'
That the lands acquired from the White Oak Point and Mille Lac Certain lands
bands of Chippewa Indians on the White Earth Reservation, in Minue- on Wnit.e Earth
sota, by the treaty proclaimed March twentieth, eighteen hundred and germed, &cD
sixty-five shall not be patented or disposed of in any manner until fur- 13 Stat., 693.
ther legislation bv Congress.
* •**»#* [Vol. 23, p. 89.]
To enable the Secretary of the Interior to pay to the Flathead, Koo- Payment to
tenay, and Lower Pend d'Oreilles Indians in Montana Territory for the Flath®nJ Lower
right of way to the Northern Pacific Railroad Company over and pgj'd nd'OreiUes
through their reservation, sixteen thousand dollars, to be paid in ac- Indians, &c.
cordance with an agreement made between said tribes and the United
States on September second, eighteen hundred and eighty-two, and be-
ing the sum paid to the United States by the Northern Pacific Railroad
Company in part payment for said right of way which agreement is
hereby ratified: Provided, That nothing herein shall be construed as in Proviso.
anywise affecting the relation between the Government and said Rail-
road Company growing out of the grant of land made to said company
beyond the right of way provided for in said agreement.
For support and civilization of Carlos's band of Flathead Indians, to Carlos'a band
be expended under the direction of the Secretary of the Interior for of Flatheada.
those of said Indians who remain in Bitter Root Valley, as well as for
those who remove to the Jocko reservation, twenty-one thousand dol-
lars, to be immediately available.
***** [Vol. 23, p. 90.]
For support and civilization of Joseph's band of Nez Perce Indians in Joseph's band
the Indian Territory, twenty thousand dollars; and of this amount a of Nez Perces-
220 INDIAN LEGISLATION.
sum not exceeding one thousand six hundred and twenty-five dollars
Payment tomav *)e Pa^> under the direction of the Secretary of the Interior to
James Reuben. James Reuben, for expenses incurred by him in taking thirty-three Nez
Perce Indians from the Indian Territory to Idaho ; and the Secretary
Removal of of tne Interior is authorized to expend the balance of this appropria-
tes Perces. tion for the removal of the Nez Perce Indians now in the Indian Terri-
tory to some other location, if he deems it proper so to do, and for their
support at such uew location.
[Vol. 23, p. 94.]
Sale of cattle, _.,
conditions of; That where Indians are in possession or control of cattle or their in»
penalty for viola- crease which have been purchased by the Government such cattle shall
tion of terms of no^ be 8Ojd. ^o anv person not a member of the tribe to which the own-
ers of the cattle belong or to any citizen of the United States whether
intermarried with the Indians or not except with the consent in writ-
ing of the agent of the tribe to which the owner or possessor of the cat-
tle belongs. And all sales made in violation of this provision shall be
void and the offending purchaser on conviction thereof shall be fined
not less than five hundred dollars and imprisoned not less than six
months.
####•¥##
of persons selling For detecting and prosecuting persons who sell or barter, or donate
liquors to In- or furnish in any manner whatsoever, liquors, wines, beer, or any In-
dians upon reser- toxi eating beverage whatsoever to Indians upon or belonging to any
VaR10S. 2139, 373. Indian reservation, five thousand dollars. And no part of section
R! S. 2140J 37s! twenty-one hundred and thirty-nine or of section twenty-one hundred
and forty of the Revised Statutes shall be a bar to the prosecution of
any officer, soldier, sutler or storekeeper, attache', or employe" of the
Army of the United States who shall barter, donate, or furnish in any
manner whatsoever liquors, wines, beer, or any intoxicating beverage
whatsoever to any Indian.
[Vol.23, p. 95.] # * * • * » *
tat., 199. por the purp0ge Of enabling the Secretary of the Interior to continue
to carry out the provisions of the act of June fifteenth, eighteen hun-
Sale of TJte In- dred and eighty, " ratifying the agreement submitted by the confed-
riain f^servation, erated bands of Ute Indians in Colorado for the sale of their reserva-
lorado. tion in said State, and for other purposes, and to make the necessary
appropriations for carrying out the same," five thousand dollars, or so
much thereof as may be necessary, to be taken from moneys appropri-
. . ated by said act and remaining unexpended
aSSSn «f Tuat tne Secretary of the Interior is authorized to detail a proper
fjA«iniinftT'10D OI /» i -i T m j* A* **i * • * t* ' i i
coal on White person or persons from the employees of the Geological Survey and to
Mountain Indian also appoint a suitable person not now in the employ of the Govern-
reservation, Ari- ment which said persons shall constitute a commission who shall un-
der the direction of the Secretary proceed to examine and report upon
the character, extent, thickness, and depth of each vein, the value of
the coal per ton on the dump, and the best method to utilize the same,
and to report their opinions as to the best method of disposing thereof
within thermits of the White Mountain Indian reservation in the Ter-
ritory of Arizona, and the result of said investigation to the Secretary
and by him transmitted to Congress, and for the compensation and ex-
penses of the member of the commission not of the Geological Survey
and for the expenses of examination and investigation 011 the ground
two thousand five hundred dollars.
Seminole In- To enable the Seminole Indians now in Florida to obtain homesteads
dians, F nda. upon the pub]ic lands, and to establish themselves thereon, six thou-
sand dollars.
[Vol. 23, p. 96.] * # . * * * * *
Provisions of That such Indians as may now be located on public lauds, or as may,
made ap licable under the direction of the Secretary of the Interior, or otherwise, here-
to Indians, etc. after, so locate may avail themselves of the provisions of the homestead
laws as fully and to the same extent as may now be done by citizens of
the United States; and to aid such Indians in making selections of
homesteads and the necessary proofs at the proper land offices, one
„ thousand dollars, or so much thereof as may be necessary, is hereby
misshfn sft>rC(en" aPProPriated ; but no fees or commissions shall be charged on account
tries excluded, of said entries or proofs. All patents therefor shall be of the legal
Lands to be effect, and declare that the United States does and will hold the laud
held in trust, thus entered for the period of twenty-five years, in trust for the sole
etc., by U. S. U8e and benefit of the Indian by whom such entry shall have been
INDIAN LEGISLATION. 221
made, or, in case of his decease, of his widow and heirs according to
the laws of the State or Territory where such land is located, and that
at the expiration of said period the United States will convey the same
by patent to said Indian, or his widow and heirs as aforesaid, in fee,
discharged of said trust and free of all charge or incumbrance whatso-
ever.
[Vol. 23, p. 97.]
SEC. 4. * * * And provided fitrther, That the Secretary of the In-
terior, under the direction of the President, may use any sums appro-
priated in this act for subsistence, and not absolutely necessary for that
purpose, for the purchase of stock cattle for the benefit of the tribe for
which such appropriation is made, or for the assistance of such Indians
to become farmers, and shall report to Congress, at its next session
thereafter, an account of his action under this provision.
[Vol. 23, p. 98.1
SEC. 9. That hereafter each Indian agent be required, in his annual Indian agents
report, to submit a census of the Indians at his agency or upon the res- to mfjke annual
ervation under his charge, the number of males above eighteen years reportu
of age, the number of females above fourteen years of age, the number
of school children between the ages of six and sixteen years, the uum-
be r of 83hool-houses at his agency, the number of schools in operation
an d the attendance at each, and the names of teachers employed, and
.salaries paid such teachers.
SEC. 10. That no part of the expenses of the public lands service Proceeds of
shall be deducted from the proceeds of Indian lands sold through the f^ &<? * & t
' °
<
General Land Office, except as authorized by the treaty or agreement applicable'to e°x-
providing for the disposition of the lands. penseR of public
SEC. 11. That at any of the Indian reservations where there is now Sa?e8of Govern-
on hand Government property not required for the use and benefit of men t property on
the Indians at said reservations the Secretary of the Interior is hereby Indian reserva-
authorized to move such property to other Indian reservations where tions; disposal of
it may be required, or to sell it and apply the proceeds of the same in pr
the purchase of such articles as may be needed for the use of the In-
dians for whom said property was purchased; and he shall make re-
port of his action hereunder to the next session of Congress thereafter.
Approved, July 4, 1884.
CHAP. 332.— An act making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Gov- July 7, 1884.
ernment for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty-five,
and for other purpose. [Vol. 23, p. 194. ]
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States Appropriations.
of America in Congress assembled, That the following sums be, and the Sundry civil ex-
same are hereby, appropriated for the objects hereinafter expressed for pen
the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty-five,
namely :
******* [Vol. 23 p. 212.]
INDIAN AFFAIRS.
For this amount, to pay the Creek Nation of Indians for one hundred Creek Nation
and fifty-one thousand eight hundred and seventy and forty-eight hun- of Indians.
dredths acres of land, being the amount taken by the United States in
excess of the estimate made in the third article of the treaty with said *4 Stat., 786.
Indians proclaimed August eleventh, eighteen hundred and sixty-six,
at thirty cents per acre, forty-five thousand five hundred and sixty-one
dollars in full payment for said land.
To pay amount found due N. J. Smith, as per certificate of Second K. J. Smith,
Comptroller numbered eighteen hundred and forty -eight, dated June payment to.
ninth, eighteen hundred and eighty four, under appropriation made by
the act of August fifteenth, eighteen hundred and seventy-six, for 19 Stat., 197.
" payment of indebtedness incurred by Silas H. Sweetland," one hun-
dred dollars.
[Vol. 23, p. 227.1
Approved, July 7, 1884.
222
INDIAN LEGISLATION.
Mar. 20, 1884.
PRIVATE ACTS.
CHAP. 13.— An act for the relief Louisa Boddy.
Relief of.
Be it enacted ~by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States
Loiiisa Boddy. of America in Congress assembled, That the Secretary of the Treasury
be, and he is hereby, authorized and directed, out of any money in
the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, to pay to Louisa Boddy, of
County, State of Oregon, the sum of five thousand four hun-
dred dollars, in full settlement of her claim agaiust the Government for
depredations committed and property taken and destroyed by the Modoc
Indians on or about November twenty-ninth, anno Domini eighteen
hundred and seventy-two.
Approved, March 20th, 1884.
May 7, 1884.
CHAP. 42.— An act to adjust tlie accounts of John B. Monteith, deceased.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States
John B. Mon- of America in Congress assembled, That the Secretary of the Treasury
teith, deceased. ^^ ami he js hereby, authorized and directed in the settlement of the
accounts^ Indian accounts of John B. Monteith, deceased, late Indian agent at
the Lapwai Indian Agency, in the Territory of Idaho, for the Nez Perce
Indians, to allow him, or the administrator or executor of his estate,
the sum of eight hundred and seventy-five dollars and seventy-five
cents, which amount has been heretofore disallowed him in the settle-
ment of his accounts in the Indian service ; and which sum for that
purpose is hereby appropriated out of any money in the Treasury not
otherwise appropriated.
Approved, May 7, 1884.
June 12, 1884.
CHAP. 90.— An act for the relief of I. L. Burchard.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United
States of America in Congress assembled, That the proper accounting
officers of the Treasury, in the settlement of the accounts of I. L.
Keliefof Burchard, late Indian agent of Round Valley Indian Reservation, in
the State of California, are hereby authorized to adjust and settle the
same upon the principles of justice and equity, and to award him credit
for disbursements honestly made, and for payments made in good faith
wrhere such payments have inured to the benefit of the Government or
the Indians.
Approved, June 12, 1884.
July 1, 1884.
PROCLAMATION.
No. 5.
BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.
A PROCLAMATION.
Preamble.
Whereas it is alleged that certain persons have within the territory
and jurisdiction of the United States begun and set on foot prepara-
tions for an organized and forcible possession of, and settlement upon,
the lands of what is known as the Oklahoma lands, in the Indian Ter-
ritory, which Territory is designated, recognized and described by the
treaties and laws of the United States and by the executive authorities
as Indian country, and as such is subject to occupation by Indian tribes
only ; and
Whereas the laws of the United States provide for the removal of all
INDIAN LEGISLATION. 223
persons residing or being found in said Indian Territory without ex-
press permission of the Interior Department :
Now, therefore, for the purpose of properly protecting the interests Warning to set-
of the Indian nations and tribes in said Territory, and that settlers tiers, etc., Indian.
may not be induced to go into a country, at great expense to themselves, Territory,
•where they cannot be allowed to remain, I, Chester A. Arthur, Presi-
dent of the United States, do admonish and warn all such persons so
intending or preparing to remove upon said lands or into said Territory
against any attempt to so remove or settle upon any of the lands o-f
said Territory ; and I do further warn and notify any and all such per-
sons who do so offend, that they will be speedily arid immediately re-
moved therefrom by the proper officers of the Interior Department, and
if necessary, the aid and assistance of the military forces of the United
States will be invoked to remove all such intruders from the said In-
dian Territory.
In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand and caused the
seal of the United States to be affixed.
Done at the city of Washington this first day of July, in the year of
our Lord one thousand eight hundred and eighty-four, and
[SEAL.] of the Independence of the tfnited States the one hundred
and eighth.
CHESTER A. ARTHUR. Sign<al!ureek
By the President :
FREDK. T. FRELINGHUYSEX,
Secretary of Slate.
224
PRESENT LIABILITIES TO INDIAN TRIBES.
•eai4tnun« ^aaiiBouad
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PRESENT LIABILITIES TO INDIAN TRIBES.
225
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226
PRESENT LIABILITIES TO INDIAN TRIBES.
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PRESENT LIABILITIES TO INDIAN TRIBES.
227
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228
PRESENT LIABILITIES TO INDIAN TRIBES.
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S :§.
Treaty of July 20, 1831
August 3, 1795 ; Septembe
August 3, 1795 ; May 10, 1
Fifteen installments
mated at $11,500 eac
Estimated .
PRESENT LIABILITIES TO INDIAN TRIBES.
229
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For the purchase of clothing
and children, thirty instal
Pay of physician, carpenter
engineer, farmer, and blac
Permanent annuities in clotl
Purchase of clothing for n
children.
Blacksmith, and for iron anc
For such articles as may be <
sary by the Secretary of
persons roaming.
Physician, five teachers, cs
engineer, farmer, and blac
Purchase of rations, &c., s
agreement of September 2
P:IA- of blflp.ksTnith
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230
TRUST FUNDS AND TRUST LANDS.
TRUST FUNDS AND TRUST LANDS.
The following statements show the transactions in the Indian trust funds and trust
lands during the year ending Octoher 31, 1884.
Statements A, B, C, D, E, F, and G show in detail the various stocks, funds in the
Treasury to the credit of various tribes, and collections of interest.
Following these statements is a consolidation of all interest collected, and a state-
ment of interest appropriated by Congress on non -paying State stocks for the fiscal
year ending June 30, 1884.
A statement also will be found showing the transactions arising on account of
moneys derived from the sales of Indian lands, all being sufficiently in detail to enable
a proper understanding of the subject.
A.— List of names of Indian tribes for whom stock is held in trust by the Secretary of the
Interior (Treasurer of the United States custodian'), showing the amount standing to the
eredit of each tribe, the annual interest, the date of treaty or law under which the in-
vestment was made, and the amount of abstracted bonds for which Congress has made
no appropriation, and the annual interest on the same.
Tribe.
Treaty or act.
Statutes
at Large.
Amount of
stock.
Annual in-
terest.
Amount of
abstracted
bonds.
Annual
interest.
Vol.
Page.
Cherokee national fund
Cherokee school fund 5
Cherokee orphan fund <
Chiekasaw national fund. <
Chickasaw incompetents ..
Dec. 29, 1885
Feb. 27, 1819
Dec. 29, 1835
Dec. 29, 1 835
Feb. 14, 1873
Oct. 20. 1872 .
May 24, 1834
June 20, 1878
May 24, 1834
Jan. 17, 1837
May 6,1854
May 17, 1854
Mar. 6,1864
May 30, 1854
Feb. 23, 1867
Feb. 23, 1867
Sept. 3,1836
Mar. 28, 1836
Sept. 26, 1833
7
7
7
7
17
7
7
};
10
10
12
10
15
15
7
7
7
478
195
478
478
462
381
450
450
605
1048
1069
1171
1082
519
519
506
491
431
$541, 638 56
\ 75, 854 28
)
| 22, 223 26
I 347, 016 83|
2, 000 00
450, 000 00
189, 283 90
| 55, 000 00
| 77, 300 00
20, 700 00
19, 000 00
4, 000 00
4, 000 00
$31, 378 31
4, 621 26
1, 333 40
20. 321 01
100 00
27, 000 00
11, 887 03
3, 520 00
4, 801 00
1, 449 00
950 00
230 00
200 00
$68, 000 00
15, 000 00
$4, 080 00
900 00
Delaware general fund
lowas I
Kaskaskias, Peorias, &c. <
XLaskaskias, &c., school fund
Ottawas and Chippewas
Pottawatomies, education . .
Total . .
*1, 000 00
1, 808, 016 83}
107, 791 01
84, 000 00
4, 980 00
"No interest appropriated on a $1,000 abstracted bond. .
SECURITIES HELD FOR INVESTED TRIBAL FUNDS.
231
SECURITIES HELD FOR INVESTED TRIBAL FUNDS.
B. — Statement of stock account, exhibiting in detail the securities in which the funds of fach
tribe are invested and now on hand, the annual interest on the same, an'd the amount of ab-
stracted bonds not provided for by Congress.
Stocks.
1
0
A
7
6
6
6
6
6
5
6
6
Original
amount.
Amount of
abstracted
bonds not
provided
for by
Congress.
Amount on
hand.
Annual
interest.
CHEROKEE NATIONAL FUND.
State of Florida
$13, 000 00
11, 000 00
50, 000 00
41, 000 00
118, 000 00
5,000 00
125, 000 00
90, 000 00
156, 638 56
$13, 000 00
11, 000 00
$910 00
660 00
"$50," 666" 66'
13, 000 00
'"s.ooo'oo"
State of Missouri «.
28,000 00
118, 000 00
1, 680 00
7, 080 00
State of South Carolina '
State of -Tennessee .
125, 000 00
90, 000 00
156, 638 56
6, 250 00
5, 400 00
9, 398 31
State of Virginia
United States issue to Union Pacific Railroad,
Total
609, 638 56
68, 000 00
541, 638 56
31, 378 31
CHEROKEE SCHOOL FUND.
State of Florida
7
6
6
6
6
6
6
7,000 00
2,000 00
21, 000 00
1, 000 00
7, 000 00
1, 000 00
51, 854 28
7, 000 00
2, 000 00
13, 000 00
1, 000 00
490 00
120 00
780 00
60 00
State of North Carolina
8, 000 00
State of South Carolina
7, 000 00
State of Virginia (Chesapeake and Ohio Canal
1, 000 00
51, 854 28
60 00
3, 111 26
United States issue to Union Pacific Railroad,
Total
90, 854 28
15, 000 00
75, 854 28
4, 621 26
* CHEROKEE ORPHANS' FUND.
United States issue to Union Pacific Railroad,
fi
22 223 26
1, 333 40
CHICKASAW NATIONAL FUND.
6
•
168, 000 00
8, 350 17
104, 000 00
66, 666 66f
10, 080 00
501 01
6,240 00
3, 500 00
State of Maryland
6
6
State of Tennessee
<u
Total . .
347, 016 83f 20, 321 01
CHICKASAW INCOMPETENTS.
Siate of Indiana
»>
'
2, 000 00
100 00
CHOCTAW GENERAL FUND.
6
450, 000 00
27,000 00
3, 710 00
5, 220 00
2, 957 03
DELAWARE GENERAL FUND.
State of Florida
7
53, 000 00
87, 000 00
49, 283 90
State of North Carolina
6
United States issue to Union Pacific Railroad,
eastern division ....
6
Total . . . ...
189, 283 90
11, 887 03
IOWAS.
State of Florida . .
7
22, 000 00
9,000 00
21, 000 00
3, 000 00
1, 540 00
540 00
1, 260 00
180 .00
State of Louisiana
6
State of North Carolina
6
State of South C arolina
fi
Total
— 1
55, 000 00 | 3, 520 00
232 STOCKS HELD BY TREASURER OF UNITED STATES.
B. — Statement of stock account, <$°c. — Continued.
Stocks.
Per cent.
Original
amount.
Amount of
abstracted
bonds not
provided
for by
Congress.
Amount on
hand.
Annual
interest.
KASKASKIAS, PEORIA6, ETC.
State of Florida
7
$16 300 00
$1 141 00
State of Louisiana ... ....
G
15 000 00
900 00
State of North Carolina
6
43,000 00
2, 580 00
State of South Carolina
6
3 000 00
180 00
Total
77, 300 00
4, 801 00
KASKASKIAS, PBORIA8, ETC., SCHOOL FUND.
State of Florida
7
20 700 00
1,449 00
MENOMONEES.
State of Tennessee . ..
*i
19 000 00
950 00
OTTAWAS AND CHD?PEWA8.
«>
»
1,000 00
50 00
State of Virginia (Chesapeake and Ohio Canal
Company) ...
fi
3,000 00'
180 00
Total ..
4,000 00
230 00
POTTAW ATOMIES— EDUCATION.
State of Indiana
5
4 000 00
200 00
C. — Statement of stocks held by the Treasurer of the United States as custodian for the various
Indian tribes, showing the amount now on hand; also abstracted bonds, for which Congress
has made no appropriation. *
Stocks.
Per
cent.
Amount on
hand.
Amount of
abstracted
bonds.
State of Arkansas . ..... ... ...
6
$168 000 00
State of Florida
7
132 000 00
5
6 000 00
$1 000 00
State of Louisiana . .
6
37*000 00
State of Maryland
6
8 350 17
State of Missouri
6
50, 000 00
State of North Carolina.
6
192 000 00
21,000 00
State of South Carolina
6
125 000 00
State of Tennessee .
6
104 000 00
12, 000 00
5
145 000 00
State of Tennessee
5i
66 666 66f
State of Virginia
6
544 000 00
United States issue to Union Pacific Railroad eastern division
6
280 000 00
Total
1 808 016 83f
84 000 00
FUNDS HELD IN TRUST IX LIEU OF INVESTMENT. 233
D. — Stalement of funds held in Intsl l>y tlie Government in lieu of investment.
. Date of
Tribes and fund. ""^ST**
or treaties.
Statutes at Large.
Amount in the
United States
Treasury.
Annual
interest at
4 and 5 per
cent.
Vol.
Page.
Sec.
Choctaws <
Jan. 20,1825
June 22, 1855
Sept. 27, 1830
Apr. 1,1880
Apr. 1,1880
Aug. 7,1856
June 14, 1866
July 15, 1870
June 5,1872
Apr. 1, 18*0
Apr. 1,1880
Apr. 1,1880
Apr. 1,1880
Apr. 1, 1880
Apr. 1.1880
Apr. 1,1880
Apr. 1,1880
May 7,1854
Apr. 1,1880
June 14, 1846
Apr. 1,1880
Apr. 1,1880
Apr. 1,1880
May 1«,1854
Apr. 1,1880
Apr. 1,1880
Apr. 1,1880
June 5,1854
June 2, 1825
Apr. 1,1880
July 15, 1870
May 9,1872
June 16, 1880
Apr. 1,1880
Apr. 1,1880
Aug. 15, 1876
Mar. 3,1881
June 5, 1846
June 17, 1846
Apr. 1,1880
Apr. 1,1880
Apr. 1,1880
Oct. 2,1837
Oct. 11,1842
Apr. 1,1880
Oct. 21,1837
Apr. 1,1880
Aug. 7,1858
May 21,1866
June 27, 1846
Apr. 1,1880
Apr. 1,1880
Apr. 1,1880
May 10, 1854
Apr. 1,1880
July 3,1882
Apr. 1,1880
Feb. 6,1871
Apr. 29, 1874
June 15, 1880
Nov. 1,1837
July 15, 1870
j
j
21
11
14
16
17
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
10
21
9
21
21
21
10
21
21
21
10
7
21
16
17
21
21
21
19
21
'.'
21
21
7
7
21
7
21
11
14
9
21
21
21
10
21
22
21
16
18
21
7
16
236
614
337
70
70
701
786
362
228
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
1071
70
842
70
70
70
1079
70
70
70
1094
242
70
362
91
291
70
70
208
422
854
70
70
70
541
596
70
543
70
702
757
35
70
70
70
1056
70
149
70
405
41
204
546
355
9
J
| $390, 257 92
1, 608 04
49, 472 70
3, 689 00
200, 000 00
675, 168 00
| 724, 137 41
64, 147 17
427, 242 20
228, 835 43
457, 903 72
959, 678 82
42, 560 36
673, 894 64
11, 000 00
57, 500 00
116,543 37
200, 000 00
27, 174 41
2, 700 92
20, 711 97
89, 864 88
128,571 78
20, 000 00
134, 039 38
21,884 81
69, 120 00
1
I 4, 034, 799 34
119, 911 53
16, 956 25
219, 503 45
70,000 00
230, 064 20
89, 618 57
72, 993 93
17,482 07
200, 000 00
800, 000 00
55, 058 21
157, 400 00
21, 659 12
500, 000 00
70, 000 00
118,050 00
40, 979 60
15, 140 42
86, 950 00
40, 000 00
1, 985 65
6, 000 00
9, 079 12
75, 886 04
500,000 00
1, 250, 000 00
804,909 17
78, 340 41
819,512 89
80 40
2, 473 63
184 45
10, 000 00
33, 758 40
36, 206 87
3, 207 36
21,362 10
11,441 77
22, 895 18
47,983 94
2, 128 01
33, 694 72
550 00
2, 875 00
5, 827 16
10, 000 00
1, 358 72
135 04
1, 035 59
4, 493 24
6, 428 58
1, 000 00
6, 701 97
1, 094 24
3, 456 00
201,739 96
5, 995 57
847 81
10, 975 17
3, 500 00
11, 503 21
4, 480 95
3, 649 70
874 10
10, 000 00
40,000 00
2, 752 91
7, 870 00
1, 082 96
25, 000 00
3, 500 00
5, 902 50
2, 048 98
757, 02
4, 347 50
2, 000 00
99 28
300 00
453 95
3, 794 30
25, 000 00
50, 000 00
40, 245 45
3, 917 02
Choctaw orphan fund . . .
Creeks .
3
Cherokees
Cherokee asylum fund
Cherokee national fund .
Cherokee school fund
Chickasaw national fund
Chippewa and Christian Indians fund..
Delaware general fund
lowas
9
""a"
Iowa fund
Kansas
Kansas school fund
Kaskaskias, Peorias, Weas, and Pianke-
1 shaws fund
Kaska&kias, Peorias, Weas, and Pianke-
Kickapoos . ...
0
L'Anse and Vieux de Sert Chippewa
Menomonee fund
Miaiuies of Kansas
. 3
6
Osa^es
Osage fund •£
12
2
Osa^e school fund
Otoes and Missourias
7
Ponca fund
Pottawatomies ?
Pottawatomies educational fund
Sac and Fox of the Mississippi £
2
2
Sac and Fox of the Mississippi fand
Sac and Fox of the Missouri
2
8
3
2-3
Senecas of New York
Seneca fund
Senecas (Tonawanda band) fund
Shawnees
3
Shawnee fund
Shoshone and Bannock fund .
2
Eastern Shawnee fund
Stockbrid°re consolidated fund
TJte five per cent, fund
2
5
4
TJte four per cent fund ....
W^nnebagoes <
Amount of four and five per cent, funds,
as above stated, held by the Govern-
ment in lieu of investment
15, 500, 474 01
Amount of annual interest
763, 123 61
The changes in the statement of funds held in lieu of investment are accounted for
as follows, viz :
This fund Has been increased by —
The proceeds of sale of Choctaw orphan reservation $1, 608 04
The proceeds of sale of Osage trust lands 468,744 01
Total increase
470,352 05
234
INTEREST COLLECTED ON BONDS.
This fund has been decreased by —
Payment to Kickapoo citizens
3,716 21
Net increase 466, 6315 84
Add amount reported in statement D, November 1, 1883... 15,033,838 17
Total as before stated 15, 500, 474 01
E. — Interest collected on United States bonds.
Fund or tribe.
Face
of bonds.
Period for which interest was collected.
Interest.
Cherokee national fund
$156 638 56
July 1 1883 to January 1 1884
$4 699 16
156 638 56
January 1 1884 to July 1 ' 1884
4' 699 16
Cherokee school fund
51 854 28
July 1 1883 to January 1 1884
9,398~32
1 555 63
51,854 28
January 1 1884 to July 1 1884
1 555 63
3,m~26
Cherokee orphan fund .. ...
22,223 26
July 1 1883 to January 1 1884
666 70
22,223 26
January 1 1884 to July 1, 1884
666 70
1,333~40
Delaware general fund .
49,283 90
July 1 1883 to January 1 1884
1 478 51
49 283 90
January 1 1884 to July 1 1884
1 478 51
2, 957 02
F. — Interest collected on certain State bonds, the interest on ivhich is regularly paid.
Fund or tribe.
Face
of bonds.
Period for
which interest
is. regularly paid.
Amount
collected.
Maryland 6 per cent, bonds.
$8 350 17
July 1 188
3 to July 1 18£
4
*$485 34
*Less State tax, $15.66.
G. — Collection of interest made since November 1, 1883, falling due since July 1, 1883.
o
_o ^
1
Period.
£
$*
<n
fS
•c °
I
a *
»T3
IS!
•a
0
P
s\\
1
§
From—
To—
*
a
111
•9
O
Chickasaw incompetents
Pottawatomies, education
$100 00
200 00
July 1, 1883
July 1, 1883
July 1, 1884
July 1, 1884
$2, 000
4,000
Indiana
$K 0 00
200 00
Indiana
Total
300 00
6,000
300 00
Recapitulation of interest collected, as per tables hereinbefore given.
Interest on United States bonds (Table E) $16,800 00
Interest on paying State stocks (Table F) 485 34
Interest collected on paying bonds due since July 1, 1883 (Table G) 300 00
Total interest collected during the time specified, and carried to the credit of trust-
fond interest due various Indian tribes 17, 585 34
RECEIPTS FROM SALES OF INDIAN LANDS.
235
Statement of appropriations made l)y Congress for the year ending June 30, 1884, on non-
paying stocks held in trust by the Secretary of the Interior for various Indian tribes.
Bonds.
Per cent.
Principal.
Annual in-
terest ap-
propriated.
6
$168 000 00
$10 680 00
Florida
7
i:$2 ooo oo
9 240 00
Xortti Carolina
6
192 000 00
11 520 00
South Carolina ...
6
125 000 00
7 500 00
Tennessee
6
104,000 00
6,240 00
Tennessee
5i
66 666 66f
3 500 00
Tennessee
5
145,000 00
7,250 00
Virginia
6
544 000 00
32 640 00
Lousiana
6
37,000 00
2 220 00
Total amount appropriated
90 190 00
The receipts and disbursements since November 1, 1883, as shown by the books of
the Indian Office, on account of sales of Indian lands, are exhibited in the following
statement :
Appropriations.
Acts and treaties.
On hand
November 1,
1883.
Amount re-
ceived dur-
ing year.
Disbursed
during
the year.
On hand
November 1,
1884.
Proceeds of Sioux Reser-
vations in Minnesota
and Dakota.
Fulfilling treaty with
Cherokees, proceeds of
lands.
Fulfilling treaty with
Cherokees, proceeds of
school lands.
Fulfilling treaty with Kan-
sas, proceeds of lands.
Fulfilling treaty with Mi-
amies, of Kansas, pro-
ceeds of lands.
Fulfilling treaty with
Oraahas, proceeds of
lands.
Fulfilling treaty with
Osages, proceeds of trust
lands.
Fulfilling treaty with
Osages, proceeds of
ceded lands.
Proceeds of New York In-
dian lands in Kansas.
Fulfilling treaty with Pot-
tawatomies, proceeds of
lands.
Fulfilling treaty with Win-
uebagoes, proceeds of
lands.
On account of claims of
settlers on Round Val-
ley Indian Reservation
in California.
Fulfilling treaty with
Cherokees, proceeds of
Osage diminished re-
serve lands in Kansas.
Fulfilling treaty with Sacs
and Foxes of Missouri,
proceeds of lands.
Fulfilling treaty with
Shawnees, proceeds of
lands.
Fulfilling treaty with
Otoes and Missourias,
proceeds of lands.
Fulfilling treaty with
Pawnees.
Total
12 Stat., 819, act
March 3, 1863.
Cherokee strip
129, 947 80
41, 250 65
40, 000 00
88, 697 15
40, 000, 00
Treaties of Feb. 27,
1819, and Dec. 29,
1835.
Article 4, treaty of
Oct. 5, 1859,' 12
Stat., 1112.
Act of March 3, 1872.
Act of July 31, 1872.
2d art. treaty Sept.
29, 1865, 2 sec., act
July 15, 1870.
1st article treaty
Sept. 29, 1865.
Acts of Feh. 19,1873,
and June 23, 1874.
Treaty Feb. 27, 1867,
15 Stat,, 532.
2d art, treaty 1859,
act Feb. 2, 1863.
Act March 3, 1873,
17 Stat., 633.
Transfer for sale of
lands to Osages.
Treaty Mar. 6,1861,
12 Stat., 1171, act
August 15, 1876.
Acts April 7, 1869,
and Jan. 11, 1875.
Act of August 15,
1876.
Act of April 10, 1876.
...
860 34
32,203 18
579 24
712 26
3, 266, 055 33
300, 000 00
4, 058 06
32, 584 94
20, 621 61
594 37
724, 137 41
17, 500 03
1, 270 56
219, 503 45
169, 229 46
860 34
32, 203 18
4
13, 213 84
712 26
3, 734, 799 34
300, 000 00
4, 058 06
32, 584 94
20, 621 61
594 37
724, 137 41
16, 447 64
1, 270 56
219, 503 45
169, 229 46
14, 392 17
1, 757 57
468, 744 01
f-
1, 052 39
4, 919, 858 04
523, 136 18
84, 060 61
5, 358, 933 61
236
DISBURSEMENTS OF APPROPRIATIONS.
Statement of disbursements made from the appropriations for the
Heads of appropriations.
Amount appropriated.
OBJECTS AND PURPOSES FOR WHICH THE AP-
PROPRIATIONS HAVE BEEN EXPENDED.
Pay of Indian agents.
4
1
I
%
£
Pay of interpreters.
Buildings at agencies,
and repairs.
Vaccination of Indians.
Grand total
Dollars.
5, 291, 985 91
Dollars.
81, 888 53
Dollars.
8, 558 46
Dollars.
19, 187 62
Dollars.
30, 941 04
Dolls. |
246 00
Fulfilling treaties with—
Apaches, Kiowas, and Comanches
30, 000 00
Chevennes and Arapahoes
20, 000 00
3, 000 00
14, 100 00
Chippewas Boise Forte band
Chippewas of the Mississippi
Chippewas, Pillager and Lake "Winne-
21, 000 00
22, 666 66
30, 032 89
69, 968 40
30,000 00
1, 038 00
Creeks
Crows
lowas
2 875 00
10, 000 00
4, 679 05
Kickapoos
Miamies of Eel River
1, 100 00
1, 768 29
10, 000 00
18,456 00
5,000 00
Omahas - - - . ....
Osao'es
431 35
Otoes and Missourias
Pawnees --
30, 000 00
8, 000 00
20, 647 65
Pottawatomies
400 00
1,000 00
51, 000 00
7, 870 00
28, 500 00
3, 690 00
11, 902 50
5, 000 00
1, 030 00
Sac and Fox of the Mississippi ....
1 '
Senecas of New York
1
Shoshones
11, 000 00
Six Nations of New York
4, 500 00
25, 000 00
44, 162 47
1 481 43
Winnebagoes
103 50
Support of (treaties) —
Apaches, Kiowas, and Comanches, 1884.
22, 700 00
20 600 00
Chippewas of the Mississippi, 1884
4,000 00
Chippewas, Pillager and Lake Winne-
bao'oshish bands 1884
2, 500 00
75, 000 00
6, 100 00
3, 000 00
»
5 158 52
Klamaths and Modocs 1884
1
Molels, 1884
Nez Perces 1884
3, 500 00
53, 000 00
17, 100 00
29, 500 00
1, 060 00
200 00
29, 437 00
1 737 300 00
Northern Cheyennes and Arapahoes,
1884
„,
Pawuees 1884
Poncas 1884
Sac and Fox of Missouri 1884
Sioux of different tribes, including San-
2, 032 56
Sioux Yankton tribe 1884
45, 000 00
720 00
73, 020 00
413,000 00
38, 000 00
15, 000 00
35, 000 00
15,000 00
'"\
TJtes confederated band 1884
90 00
Support of (gratuity) —
Arapahoes, Cheyennes, Apaches, Ki-
owas, Comanches, and "Wichitas, 1884.
Arickarees, Gros Ventres, and Man-
dans 1884
Blackfeet, Bloods, and Piegans, 1884 . . .
ChiDoewas of Lake Superior ..
DISBURSEMENTS OF APPROPRIATIONS. 237
Indian Department for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1884.
OBJECTS AND PURPOSES FOE WHICH THE APPROPRIATIONS HAVE BEEN EXPENDED.
^ •
—J 1?
si 1
I! S
I5 1
a 3
Subsistence supplies.
Agricultural and mis-
cellaneous supplies.
Expenses of transpor-
tation and storage.
Purchase and inspec-
tion of annuity
goods and supplies.
Advertising expenses
and telegraphing.
Payments of annuities
in money.
Pay of regular em-
ploy 6s at agencies.
r
Dollars. Dottars. \ Dollars.
15, 728 76j 371, 073 791 2, 160, 967 92
Dollars.
259, 693 51
Dollars.
285, 148 76
Dollars.
24, 803 12
Dollars.
21, 196 88
Dollars.
298, 666 56
Dollars.
254, 853 30
j
3, 000 00
3,497 90
19, 176 00
10, 730 00
30, 032 89
69, 968 40
2, 969 70! 2, 183 95
863 39
1, 000 00
103 27
5, 183 72
966 42
449 64
1, 320 00
f>9 81 404 21
156 74 708 00
8 03 418 49
7973
243 33
1,456 43
1, 123 33
100 00
" 613 42
3, 836 25
sis ie
962 50
::::::'::::::::;:::::;::;;
273 46 1, 033 60
183 30 1 2, 937 09
1, 570 00
90 00
15, 000 00
311 39 1. 761 49
498 72 9. 594 81
663 50
1, 667 61
31 80
1, 846 91
971 32
3, 409 75
1, 426 65
384 55
14,980 17
19, 538 05
400 00
675 00
220 00
439 93
303 68 399 88
590 38
67 16
40, 905 94
7,801 10
28, 500 00
1, 580 00
11 712 00
3, f29 75
300 00
12 61
5, 000 OOi
498 16 125 01
17 33' 3, 329 68
188 16: 3, 293 84
289 58' 8, 890 73
375 24 5, 598 40
3, 123 90
1,584 13
18 00
1, 525 25
2, 894 57
928 36
4, 146 52
30 00
"i," 021 20
4, 000 00
6, 618 84
15, 000 00
14, 000 00
1
""iee'ii "ii.'ooo'oo
19 04
43, 622 21
16 22
733 69
5, 882 85
2,406 09
2, 895 75
1,374 86
2, 089 78
92 77
10, 834 79
S4, 906 31
2, 315 22
118 00
568 60
128 41
2, 903 86
4, 340 09
4, 513 20
166 68
434 18
4, 739 42: 13, 406 34
16, 500 80
205, 885 00
1, 546 84
1,160,504 64
39, 233 23
7,413 85
46,713 52
1, 425 00
706 31
11,210 95
2, 945 42
105, 680 13
1, 000 00
29, 351 06
249 48
1, 745 06
377 35
118 13
90 25
68 80
19, 150 57
35, 374 09 3, 876 50
387, 797 78' 2, 400 88
21, 334 79 2, 045 25
8, 282 45 4, 769 42
22, 120 93 1, 426 67
3, 744 20 1, 728 40
6, 370 41
5,563 88
1, 780 00
5, 999 38
4, 800 69
4, 105 26
l,799-53
238
DISBUKSEMENTS OF APPROPRIATIONS.
Statement of disbursements made from the appropriations for the Indian
Heads of appropriations.
OBJECTS AND PURPOSES FOR WHICH THE AP-
PROPRIATIONS HAVE BEEN EXPENDED.
Pay of temporary em-
ployes at agencies.
Support of schools.
HI
i§y
Ijli
Traveling expenses of
Indian agents.
Traveling expenses of
special agents.
Incidental expenses
of agencies.
Grand total
Dolls.
9, C96 48
Dollars. ! Dollars^
669,974 21; 92,130 67
Dollars.
11, 543 45
Dolls.
5, 810 82
Dollars.
21,111 75
Fulfilling treaties with—
Apaches, Kiowas, and Comanches
Cheyennes and Arapahoes
Chickasaws
Chippewas, Boise Forte band
1,679 69
Chippewas of the Mississippi
Chippewas, Pillager and Lake Winne-
bagoshish band
350 00
546 84
Choctaws
Creeks
Crows
lowas
1, 055 94
133 00
250 00
202 33
Kansas
Kickapoos . . .
880 23
Miamies of Eel River
Miamies of Kansas .
870 12
723 60
2, 757 49
53 07
190 20
3 25
Omahas
1, 910 54
Osages
Otoes and Missourias .
157 62
Poncas
Pottawatomies
i
Pottawatomies of Huron
Quapaws
780 00
411 75
Sac and Fox of the Mississippi ....
75 00
Sac and Fox of the Missouri
Seminoles
Senecas
180 00
Senecas of New York
Shawnees
Sbawnees, Eastern
Shoshones..,.
342 13
102 96
Six Nations of New York
Sioux Yankton tribe
77 00
2, 220 00
1, 579 67
2, 327 32
3 25
121 25
W^innebagoes
N 1,536 78
1, 081 16
1,421 72
Support of (treaties)—
Apaches, Kiowas, and Comanches, 1884.
Cheyennes and Arapahoes, 1884
492 83
600 00
3, 816 47
1, 349 94
Chippewas of the Mississippi 1884
Chippewas, Pillager and Lake "Winne-
bagoshish bands, 1884
Crows
720 29
1, 249 99
2, 654 11
136 52
1, 018 16
10, 056 78
10 10
75 00
Klamaths and Modocs 1884
280 00
57 92
Molels 1884
Nez Perces, 1884
85 00
274 50
1, 903 97
2, 215 94
Northern Cheyennes and Arapahoes,
1884 '
173 00
Pawnees 1884
249 32
52 80
Poncas 1884
Quapaws, 1884
Sac and Fox of Missouri 1884
166 00
2, 020 00
32, 170 56
Shoshon^s and Bannocks 1884
85 00
237 10
953 25
41, 256 59
450 81
Sioux of different tribes, including San-
tee Sioux of Nebraska 1884
Sioux, Yaukton tribe, 1884
Utah s Tabequache band 1884
Utes, confederated band, 1884
609 91
440 87
19 50
640 22! 236 46
538 83 1, 766 33
318 17 689 00
ort of (gratuity)—
Arapahoes, Cheyennes, Apaches, Ki-
owas, Comanches, and Wichitas, 1884.
Arickaiees, Gros Ventres, and Man-
dans 1884
86 01
Assinaboines in Montana 1884 . .
Blackfeet Bloods and Pie^ans 1884
466 57
118 63
131 00
423 42
Chirmewas of Lake Superior . . .
> 224 18 ...
'• A large portion of this balance will be required to meet outstanding liabilities on account
DISBURSEMENTS OF APPROPRIATIONS.
239
Department for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1884 — Continued.
OBJECTS AND PURPOSES FOR WHICH THE APPROPRIATIONS HAVE BEEX
EXPENDED.
Total amount expended from
each appropriation.
Balance unexpended.
Pay of Indian police,
scouts, and equip-
ments.
Stock for Indians.
Survey of Indian res-
ervations.
in
[ill
!*H
nil
*i3r3 t*
wit
Agricultural improve-
ments.
Miscellaneous.
In hands of agents.
Dollars.
60, 097 08
Dollars.
263, 880 47
Dollars.
496 50
Dollars.
17, 250 00
Dollars.
7, 581 49
Dollars.
13, 988 23
Dollars.
746 09
Dollars.
5, 006, 661 49
Dollars.
* 285, 324 42
30, 000 00
L'O, 000 00
30, 000 00
20, 000 00
3, 000 00
12, 194 63
20, 214 00
19, 649 89
30, 032 89
69. 968 40
30, 000 00
2, 076 02
9, 544 29
3, 563 99
962 50
870 12
9,] 28 09
18, 278 84
4, 764 88
28, 863 07
6, 587 31
20, 597 60
400 00
1 000 00
1, 905 37
786 00
3, 016 77
30,000 00
798 9&
455 71
1, 115 06
137 50
898 17
871 91
177 16
235 12
1, 136 93
1, 412 69
50 05
3, 000 00
136 87
496 50
....
2, 647 00
::::::::::
....
46, 256 31
7, 868 26
28, 500 00
2, 060 00
11, 724 61
5, 000 00
623 17
8, 500 13
4, 428 36
18,115 43
19, 207 06
22, 700 00
20, 535 75
3, 816 47
2, 102 67
70, 999 87
6, 100 00
2, 654 11
3, 117 27
52, 518 61
16, 668 07
27, 788 58
295 09
166 00
28, 519 74
1, 703, 297 17
44, 928 04
706 31
72, 473 18
404, 233 75
37, 592 36
14, 950 00
34, 340 06
12. 907 85
4, 743 6&
1 74
1, 630 00
177 89
406 83
2, 499 87
71 64
6, 884 57
24, 955 41
122 00
64 25
183 53
397 33
4, 000 13
345 89
382 73
481 39
431 93.
1, 711 42
764 91
34 00
917 26
34, 002 83
71 9&
13 69
546 82
8, 766 25
407 64
50 00
659 94
2. 092 15-
1, 098 00
750 00
70, 932 36
2, 819 00
953 33
4, 634 90
1, 035 00
4, 750 00
4,794 00
788 00
of the fiscal year ending June 30, 1884, claims on account of which have not yet been settled.
240
DISBURSEMENTS OF APPROPRIATIONS.
Statement of disbursements made from the appropriations for the Indian
Heads of appropriations.
Amount appropriated.
OBJECTS AND PURPOSES FOK WHICH THE AP-
PROPRIATIONS HAVE BEEN EXPENDED.
Pay of Indian agents.
Pay of special agents.
Pay of interpreters.
1
u
51
I
1
Vaccination of Indians.
-
Support of (gratuity)—
Chippewas of Red Lake and Pembina,
1884
Chippewas, Turtle Mountain band, 1884.
Chippewas on White Earth Reserva-
tion
Dollars.
15, 000 00
9, 000 00
8, 000 00
7 000 00
Dollars.
Dollars.
Dollars.
Dollars.
286 ~91
67 05
Dolls,
Confederated tribes and bands in Middle
Oregon 1884
D'Waruish and other allied tribes in
Washington, 1884
8, 000 00
13, 000 00
18, 000 00
5, 000 00
Flathead and other confederated tribes,
1884
306 00
Gros Ventres in Montana 1884
Kansas Indians, 1884
Kickapoos, 1884
6, 000 00
5, 000 00
5, 000 00
5, 000 00
30 000 00
Makahs 1884
|
Modocs in the Indian Territory, 1884 . . .
Navajoes. 1884
Nez Perces of Joseph band, 1884 20 nnn nn
1
Quiuaielts and Quillehutes 1884
5, 000 00
15, 000 00
8, 000 00
8, 000 00
5, 000 00
Shoshones in Wyoming, 1884 . .
Sioux of Lake Traverse 1884
Sioux of Devil's Lake 1884
S'Klallams, 1884
Tonkawas at Fort Griffin, Texas, 1884..
Walla- Walla, Cayuse, and TJmatilla
tribes 1884
3, 000 00
8, 000 00
20, 000 00
300, 000 00
18 nnn nn
Yakainas and other Indians 1884
Indians in Arizona and New Mexico.
1884
Indians of Central Superintendency
....
Indians of Fort Hall Reservation, 1884 . . ; 20, 000 00
Indians of Fort Peck Agency, 1884 70. 000 00
.......
Indians of Klamath Agency, 1884
Indians of Lernhi Agency
6, 000 00
19, 000 00
22, 000 00
29, 000 00
22, 000 00
10,000 00
Incidental expenses Indian service in —
Arizona 1884
California, 1884
Oregon 1884
Utah, 1884
Washington, 1864
15, 000 00
1, 500 00
1, 500 00
5 000 00
Wyoming 1884
Colorado 1884
Dakota, 1884
Idaho 1884
1, 000 00
5, 000 00
13, 000 00
5 000 00
Montana, 1884
Nevada 1884
New Mexico, 1884
30 83
Pay of—
Indian agents 1884
89,400 00
20, 000 00
15, 000 00
3, 000 00
70, 000 00
20 000 00
81, 888 53
Interpreters 1884
19, 187 62
Indian inspectors 1884
Indian school superintendent, 1884.
Indian police 1884
Buildings at agencies and repairs 1884
,
19, 297 29
Consolidating Indian agencies, 1884
Contingencies Indian Department, 1884
Stock cattle or sheep lor Indian tribes, 1884.
Stock cattle for industrial schools, 1884
Support of—
Indian schools 1884 *
10, 000 00
40,500 00
50, 000 00
20, 000 00
400, 000 00
20, 000 00
68, 500 00
30. 000 00
8, 558 46
617 60
Indinn schools near Arkansas City, 1884
"Indian schools near Carlisle, Pa
Indian schools, Forest Grove, Oreg..
1884 . .
DISBURSEMENTS OF APPROPRIATIONS. 241
Department for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1884 — Continued.
OBJECTS AND PURPOSES FOR WHICH THE APPROPRIATIONS HAVE BEEN EXPENDED.
Medicines and medical
supplies.
Annuity goods.
Subsistence supplies.
Agricultural and mis-
cellaneous supplies.
Expenses of transpor-
tation and storage.
Purchase and inspec-
tion of annuity goods
and supplies.
Advertising expenses
and telegraphing.
Payments of annuities
in money.
ij
*3 bo
!!
r-
Dollars.
165 94
Dollars.
2 176 17
Dollars.
1 598 05
Dollars.
2 324 26
DoUars.
DoUars.
Dollars.
Dollars.
Dollars.
3,295 00
3* 908 00
1 640 33
120 00
259 72
349 25
487 84
1 259 83
2, 538 25
176 06
255 00
2 984 19
900 00
161 62
410 00
500 00
2 403 67
3 086 73
161 52
2 000 00
658 06
4 353 45
4 231 87
118 12
4 000 00
10 5>?8 53
*473 05
2 681 19
35 00
36 94
424 27
1 669 50
67 96
3 041 75
582 94
1 249 50
43 95
113 46
1 845 00
241 96
450 00
142 62
484 39
1 692 38
16 ^9
691 90
899 55
557 43
776 74
150 63
120 20
1 659 88
9 034 78
3 668 48
399 94
2 700 00
10*484 61
319 45
2, 087 97
68 75
678 20
862 65
1 363 03
87 46
13 963 88
780 80
548 97
440 62
3 532 40
2 307 32
810 98
3 778 70
387 84
1 441 18
1 709 45
2 960 55
335 53
2 030 95
3 775 82
204 24
4 300 00
6 821 25
5,604 18
452 06
25 955 68
207 635 93
8 481 98
11,998 31
292 27
865 49
2, 267 36
7,934 92
170 46
15 000 00
3 817 96
250 00
43 35
39 648 00
17 118 22
8, 239 58
342 91
450 00
1 644 17
1 615 00
142 65
10 000 00
4 237 57
3,454 64
437 58
6 881 16
4 250 40
6,494 99
569 66
4 805 44
10 207 89
8 252 57
391 75
717 81
4*378 04
5 496 67
117 73
3 280 41
1, 784 01
2,665 67
465 17
1 670 39
5 038 86
627 00
1 296 00
1,275 00
59 50
4, 515 75
2. 057 31
5, 324 10
166 21
193 15
70 64
1 800 00
5 380 40
121 64
17 15
599 25
793 15
8, 830 20
...
4266 IN]
242
DISBURSEMENTS OF APPROPRIATIONS.
Statement of disbursements made from the appropriations for the Indian
Heads of appropriations.
OBJECTS AND PURPOSES FOB WHICH THE APPROPRIA-
TIONS HAVE BEEN EXPENDED.
Pay of temporary em-
ployed at agencies.
Support of schools.
To promote civiliza-
tion among Indians
generally, including
Indian labor.
Traveling expenses of
Indian agents.
<s
l!
If
£3
•S o
P
H
Incidental expenses of
agencies.
Support of (gratuity)—
Chippewas of Red Lake and Pembina,
1884
Dollars.
Dollars.
431 14
Dollars.
494 94
Dollars.
Dollars.
Dollars.
10 00
Chippewas, Turtle Mountain band, 1884.
Chippewas on White Earth Reservation.
Confederated tribes and bands in Middle
Oregon , 1884
146 73
859 00
1, 554 50
D'Wamish and other allied tribes in
"Washington, 1884
407 60
887 45
52 50
110 00
Flathead and other confederated tribes,
1884
Gros Ventres in Montana 1884
180 3*6
99 10
Kansas Indians 1884
541 50
2, 010 66
4004
424 36
1, 270 17
117 81
6, 364 35
1, 833 70
167 21
Kickapoos 1884
..........
Makahs 1884
370 00
163 20
Menomonees, 1884
509 99
276 00
486 00
604 74
324 67
167 86
1,861 87
Modocs in the Indian Territory, 1884...
Navajoes 1884
752 33
1, 016 40
10 50
Nez Percys of Joseph's band, 1884
Quinaielts and Quillehutes 1884
Shoshones in Wyoming, 1884
Sioux of Lake Traverse, 1884
1, 247 15
423 00
145 50
39 45
300 00
485 00
6 50
Sioux of Devil's Lake 1884 . . .
195 00
S'Klallams, 1884
526 60
Tonkawas at fort Griffin, Texas, 1884..
Walla- Walla, Cayuse, and TJmatilla
tribes, 1884
500 00
529 01
1, 079 42
270 79
104 36
241 54
184 50
60 00
1, 470 25
457 95
Takamas and other Indians, 1884
218 95
726 50
75 00
2, 237 17
2, 858 10
826 55
Indians in Arizona and New Mexico,
1884
Indians of Central Superintendency
Indians of Fort Hall Reservation, 1884 . .
Indians of Fort Peck Agency 1884
2, 517 00
428 92
458 50
496 27
255 00
2, 476 18
287 12
Indians of Klamath Agency, 1884
Indians of T,fyrnhi A £PTioy ,,--..-.....
127 68
21 76
23 76
210 00
535 00
740 00
269 64
1, 260 47
1, 092 44
1, 932 12
420 78
264 40
1, 688 48
371 32
1, 187 39
. 301 75
973 16
Incidental expenses Indian service in—
Arizona, 1884
526 30
250 60
429 19
305 10
1, 280 35
133 61
1, 084 14
1, 215 65
146 00
445 40
80 50
1, 216 44
California 1884
Oregon 1884
104 50
374 09
413 73
Utah 1884
Washington 1884
1, 719 00
790 25
Wyoming 1884
Colorado 1884
24 00
Dakota 1884
362 00
Idaho 1884
Montana 1884
221 75
388 63
Nevada 1884
New Mexico 1884
4 00
5 00
Pay of—
Indian agents, 1884
Interpreters 1884
Indian inspectors 1884 -
Indian school superintendent 1884
Indian police 1 884
Consolidating Indian agencies 1884
Contingencies Indian Department, 1884
Stock cattle or sheep for Indian tribes, 1884.
Stock cattle for industrial schools, 1884 . .
1, 055 67
30 35
2, 406 65
4, 430 17
5, 810 82
3, 695 74
15, 214 25
344, 018 21
20, 000 00
68, 500 00
30, 000 00
Support of—
Indian schools, 1884
Indian schools near Arkansas City, 1884.
Indian schools near Carlisle Pa
Indian schools, Forest Grove, Oreg..
1884...
DISBURSEMENTS OF APPROPRIATIONS.
Department for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1884 — Continued.
243
OBJECTS AND PURPOSES FOR WHICH THE APPROPRIATIONS HAVE BEEN
EXPENDED.
Total amount expended from
each appropriation.
Balance unexpended.
Pay of Indian police,
scouts, and equip-
ments.
Stock to Indians.
Survey of Indian res-
ervations.
*d
|{
Agricultural improve-
ments.
4
In hands of agents.
IDottars.
Dollars.
4/377 00
Dollars.
Dollars.
Dollars.
Dollars.
Dollars.
Dollars.
14, 872 50
8, 886 91
7, 747 07
5, 869 75
7, 022 12
12, 708 35
17, 981 19
4, 984 18
4, 982 19
2, 796 77
4, 954 71
4, 836 02
29, 738 17
18, 440 91
3, 297 30
15, 000 00
7, 931 01
8, 000 00
4, 334 27
3, 000 00
6, 826 80
19, 974 80
297, 191 73
13, 150 33
19, 342 78
68, 136 81
5, 966 00
18, 956 04
19, 851 46
25, 698 06
15, 938 98
9, 619 45
13, 368 70
554 39
1, 399 54
3, 905 13
517 32
4, 425 54
12, 793 16
4, 469 10
81, 888 53
19, 187 62
14, 250 00
3, 000 CO
60, 097 08
19, 297 29
5, 380 40
37, 931 66
49, 495 94
15, 230 25
344, 152 40
20, 000 00
68, 500 00
30, 000 00
Dollars.
127 50
113 09
252 93
1, 130 25
977 88
291 65
18 81
15 82
1, 017 81
2, 203 23
45 29
163 98
261 83
1, 559 09
1, 702 70
2, 931 67
1, 232 00
54740
1, 500 00
2, 615 00
3, 870 12
68 99
117 20
665 73
1, 173 20
25 20
2, 808 27
4, 849 67
657 22
1, 863 19
34 00
43 96
2, 148 54
3, 301 94
6, 061 02
380 55
LTO1 30
945 61
100 46
1, 094 87
482 68
574 46
206 84
530 90
7, 511 47
812 38
750 00
34, 831 50
1, 702 00
160 00
42 00
1, 485 00
3 00
1, 063 50
31 55
442 82
22 95
35 88
27 00
12 00
57 62
8 66
9 67
14, 250 00
3, 000 00
60, 097 08
9, 902 92
702 71
4, 619 60
2, 568 34
504 06
4, 769 75
55,847 60
; :::::::;::
964 81
49, 495 94
16 00
134 19
244
DISBURSEMENTS OF APPROPRIATIONS.
Statement of disbursements made from the appropriations for the Indian
OBJECTS AND PURPOSES FOR WHICH THE AP-
PROPRIATIONS HAVE BEEN EXPENDED.
I
4
I
1
6
$
'3
1
Heads of appropriations.
i
s
1
f*
1!
?
1
1
1
^
I!
1
§
o
•s
*o
?s §
.9
|
e?
>l
fr
1
§
•<
PH
PM
S
w
t>
Dollars.
Dollars.
Dollars.
Dollars.
Dollars.
DoZfe.
Support of—
Indian schools Genoa Nebr 1884
20 000 00
Indian children at Hampton School,
Virginia 1884
16, 700 00
75 000 00
Indian children at schools in States 1884
25, 000 00
Telegraphing and purchase of Indian sup-
plies
46, 000 00
275, 000 00
800 00
246 00
DISBURSEMENTS OF APPROPRIATIONS.
Department for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1884 — Continued.
245
OBJECTS AND PURPOSES FOR WHICH THE APPROPRIATIONS HAVE BEEN
a
EXPENDED.
£
III
"gl
.
1 >> •
EC
8
!•&
%££
Ida
•I
,
|1
1
i|
•9flS
H
a
PI .
jt !
§
1
•£* &
r-3 Ox,
C3 CD
p bC
*5
-*-1 PH
M
!«
!<s1
Jfg>
^ a
RU
£
1-
§
|
ig
IflS
•| 3
«H 00
-g
§1
§
3
§2 "9 o 5
S^
0
*®
o
I
§
ssa
11
t>J
S"2
s
1
H
PH
5
OH
(^ft
CO
H
23
Dollars.
DoKar*.
Dollars.
Dollars.
Dollars.
Dollars.
Dollars.
DoKar*
Dollars.
19 251 54
19 251 54
748 46
16 213 84
16 213 84
486 16
59 481 66
59 481 66
15 518 34
14 399 24
14 399 24
10 600 76
24 803 12
21 196 88
46 000 00
255 797 70
255* 797 70
19 202 30
246 00
554 00
246
DISBURSEMENTS OF APPROPRIATIONS.
Statement of the salaries and incidental expenses paid at each agency in the Indian service
number of Indians
Names of agencies.
State or Terri-
tory.
Number
of In-
dians at
each
agency.
Appropriations from which salaries of employes
and incidental expenses of agencies have been
paid.
Grand total
243 304
Colorado River
Arizona......
1 025
Incidental expenses Indian service in Arizona
Pima and Maricopa
...do
12 674
1884.
.. . do
San Carlos
....do
5 000
do
Contingencies Indian Department, 1 884
Hoopa Valley
California
509
Support of Indians of Arizona and New Mex-
ico, 1884.
Incidental expenses Indian service in Califor-
nia, 1884.
Incidental expenses Indian service in Oregon.
1884.
Contingencies Indian Department, 1884 ...
Mission
....do
2 947
Incidental expenses Indian service in Califor-
Bound Valley
...do
599
nia, 1884.
do
Tule River
....do
683
do
Southern Ute
Colorado
991
Cheyenne River
Dakota
3 144
Support of confederated bands of Utes, 1884
Incidental expenses Indian service in Dakota
Crow Creek and Lower
....do
2 522
1884.
Support of Sioux of different tribes, including
Saiitee Sioux of Nebraska, 1884.
Contingencies Indian Department, 1884
Brule.
Devil's Lake
do
864
Incidental expenses Indian service in Dakota,
1884.
Support of Sioux of different tribes, including
Santee Sioux of Nebraska, 1884.
1884.
Support of Sioux of Devil's Lake, 1884
Fort Berthold
...do
1 202
Support of Chippewas, Turtle Mountain band,
1884.
Pine Ridge .*..
...do
8 350
1884.
Support of Arickarees, Gros Ventres, and Man-
dans, 1884.
Incidental expenses Indian service in Dakota
...do
7 948
1884.
Support of Sioux of different tribes, including
Santee Sioux of Nebraska, 1884.
Incidental expenses Indian service in Dakota
Si sse ton ...
.. do
1 479
1884.
Support of Sioux of different tribes, including
Santee Sioux of Nebraska, 1884.
Support of Sioux of Lake Traverse 1884
Standing Rock
...do
4,721
Incidental expenses Indian service in Dakota,
Yankton
do *
1 950
Support of Sioux of different tribes, including
Santee Sioux of Nebraska, 1884.
1884.
Fulfilling treaty with Sioux Yankton tribe
Support of Sioux Yankton tribe 1884
Fort Hall
Idaho
1 552
1884.
Support of Indians of Fort Hall Reservation,
1884.
Support of Shosliones and Bannocks 1884
Lemhi ..
do
814
Nez Perc6
...do
1 910
1884.
Support of Indians of Lemhi Agency, 1884
1884.
Support of Nez Perc6s 1884
Cheyenne and Arapa-
Indian Territory
6 271
ho.
Support of Cheyennes and Arapahoes, 1884
Support of Arapahoes, Cheyennes, Apaches,
Kiowas, Comanches, and Wichitas, 1884.
SALARIES AND INCIDENTAL EXPENSES AT AGENCIES. 247
during tlie year ending June 30, 1884, showing the appropriations from which paid and the
at each agency.
INCIDENTAL E
XPENSES.
PAY OF E
MPLOYE8.
Traveling
-expenses of
agents.
Office rent,
fuel, light,
and sta-
tionery.
Forage
and stable
expenses.
Miscella-
neous.
Total of
incidental
expenses.
Regular.
Temporary.
Total pay
of
employ6s.
$10, 425 62
$5, 933 86
$7,986 77
$6, 288 25
$30, 634 50
$261, 152 86
$5, 499 33
$266, 652 19
203 25
210 00
413 25
3 100 CO
3 100 00
154 55
450 00
9 50
614 05
3 394 99
3 394 99
168 50
31 50
493 79
100 00
650 00
60 00
1 503 79
6 799 19
6,799 19
7 50
4 280 00
4,280 00
177 94
206 70
392 14
124 15
41 60
85 32
86 35
337 42
905 00
905 00
6 75
6 75
1 872 52
1 872 52
46 50
5 50
52 00
771 85
771 85
575 70
220 75
70 65
8,67 10
3 918 48
3 918 48
200 00
50 00
446 00
168 13
864 13
6 415 81
6 415 81
499 50
499 50
4 50
90 60
78 75
207 92
381 77
11 883 00
11 883 00
212 75
161 61
485 00
859 36
3 778 70
195 00
4 093 70
'120 oo
103 15
295 96
176 52
86 01
661 64
5 563 88
19 50
5 583 38
190 50
355 00
226 65
572 15
9 284 45
9 284 45
191 34
500 00
691 34
7 630 07
218 35
7,848 42
87 16
97 00
300 00
484 16
3 532 40
3 532 40
99 15
33 00
60 00
223 50
415 65
7 724 89
7, 724 89
94 10
644 00
29 04
3 25
4 146 52
77 00
770 39
1 425 00
5 648 52
3 50
6 00
250 00
9 50
3 363 85
3 613 85
26 50
11 67
375 00
160 05
573 22
3 454 64
3 454 64
116 00
170 00
183 65
•
83 25
120 00
1 200 00
672 90
2, 895 75
4, 095 75
137 84
68 00
1 025 27
4 021 20
492 83
205 84
440 87
5 980 17
248
DISBURSEMENTS OF APPROPRIATIONS.
Statement of the salaries and incidental expenses paid at each agency in
Names of agencies.
State or Terri-
tory.
Number
of In-
dians at
each
agency.
Appropriations from which salaries of employes
and incidental expenses of agencies have been
paid.
Kiowa, Comanche, and
Wichita.
Osage
Indian Territory
.do
Ponca, Pawnee, and
Otoe.
.do
4,127
1,965
2,263
Quapaw
.do
Sac and Fox
.do
Union
Sac and Fox
Pottawat o ni i e and
Great Nemaha.
Mackinac....
White Earth
...do
Iowa
Michigan..
Minnesota .
Blackfeet.
Montana.
Crow
.do
Flathead.
.do
Fort Belknap .
Fort Peck . .
....do
.do
Santee and Flandrean. .
Omaha and Winnebago .
Nebraska.
...do
2,659
64, 000
354
1,176
10, 577
5,287
2,300
3,226
1,734
2,150
5,365
1,230
2, 372
Contingencies Indian Department, 1884 .........
Support of Apaches, Kiowas, and Comanches,
1884.
Contingencies Indian Department, 1884 .........
Fulfilling treaty with Osages ...................
Support of Kansas Indians, 1884 ..... ..........
Contingencies Indian Department, 1884 .........
Suppoit of Poncas, 1884 ........................
Support of Pawnees, 1884 .................. ____
Support of Nez Perc6 of Joseph's band, 1884. ..
Support of Indians of Central Superintendency,
1884.
Contingencies Indian Department, 1884 .........
Fulfilling treaty with Eastern Shawnees .......
Fulfilling treaty with Senecas ..................
Support of Modocs in Indian Territory, 1884. . . .
Support of Quapaws, 1884 ......................
Support of Indians of Central Superintendent,
1884.
Contingencies Indian Department, 1884 .........
Support of Kickapoos, 1884 .....................
Support of Indians of Central Superintendency,
1884.
Fulfilling treaty with Sacs and Foxes of the
Mississippi.
Contingencies Indian Department, 1884 ........
Contingencies Indian Department, 1884 .........
Fulfilling treaty with Sacs and Foxes of the
Mississippi.
Contingencies Indian Department, 1884 .........
Fulfilling treaty with Pottawatomies ...........
Fulfilling treaty with Kickapoos ...............
Fulfilling treaty with lowas ....................
Contingencies Indian Department, 1884 .........
Buildings at agencies and repairs, 1884
Support of Chippewas of Lake Superior, 1884 .
Contingencies Indian Department, 1884
Fulfilling treaty with Chippewas, Pillagers, and
Lake Winnebagoshish bands.
Support of Chippewas of Red Lake and Pern-
bina, 1884.
Support of Chippewas of White Earth Reser-
vation, 1884.
Support of Chippewas, Pillagers, and Lake
Winnebagoshish bands, 1884.
Contingencies Indian Department, 1884 .......
Incidental expenses Indian service in Montana,
1884.
Support of Blackfeet, Bloods, and Piegans, 1884 .
Contingencies Indian Department, 1884 .........
Incidental expenses Indian service in Montana,
1884.
Fulfilling treaty with Crows ....................
Incidental expenses Indian service in Montana,
1884.
Contingencies Indian Department, 1884 .........
Support of Flatheads and other confederated
tribes, 1884.
Incidental expenses Indian service in Montana,
1884.
Support of Gros Ventres in Montana, 1884 ......
Support of Assinaboines in Montana, 1884 ......
Incidental expenses Indian service in Montana,
Contingencies Indian Department, 1884
Support of Indians of Fort Peck Agency, 1884..
Contingencies Indian Department, 1884
Support of Poncas, 1884
Support of Sioux of different tribes, including
Santee Sioux of Nebraska, 1884.
Contingencies Indian Department, 1884
Fulfilling treaty with Omahas
Fulfilling treaty with Winnebagoes
SALARIES AND INCIDENTAL EXPENSES AT AGENCIES. 249
the Indian service during the year ending June 30, 1884, <f c. — Continued.
INCIDENTAL E
XPEN8E8.
PAY OF I
SMPLOY£S
Traveling
expenses of
agents.
Office rent,
fuel, light,
and station-
ery.
Forage
and stable
expenses.
Miscella-
neous.
Total of
incidental
expenses.
Regular.
Temporary.
Total pay
of
employes.
$92 00
$13 75
$1 200 00
$105 75
6 618 84
$7 818 84
297 78
96 40
90 00
$82 25
77 18
553 61
1 669 50
1 759 50-
148 30
29 55
$50 00
3 610 00
249 32
4.340 00
10 50
2 095 97
487 67
2,100 00
12 145 9T
56 14
29 90
125 01
300 00
461 74
125 01
45 00
182 95
31 50
345 49
3,484 92
4, 496 68
94 11
'52 15
1 249 50
2 350 00
$75 00
146 26
2 459 75
6 134 25
192 05
55 00
32 00
155 65
66 40
47 40
469 10
1, 590 00
226 67
1, 816 67
79 40
700 00
700 00
149 00
20 00
4 00
345 00
465 00
173 00
30 00
840 OC
266 48
32 10
77 35
360 00
2 00
300 00
675 93
700 00
1 062 00
356 70
434 72
1 880 00
1 320 00
3 295 00
94 45
350 00
102 90
2 538 25
1 338 77
733 69
9 766 94
37 70
293 70
2 00
131 00
464 40
5 999 38
5 999 38
60 00
60 90
675 30
600 00
260 00
1 056 20
5 882 85
6 482 85
90 80
236 90
110 00
437 70
4 231 87
4 231 87
200 00
675 00
.
2 681 19
200 00
1 780 00
5 136 19
150 00
160 09
14 00
87 50
184 62
15 00
611 21
8 239 58
8 239 58
50 33
903 21
38 25
88 58
3 775 30
18 75
4 697 26
5 75
1 570 00
121 25
127 00
2. 220 00
30 00
3. 820 00-
250
DISBURSEMENTS OF APPROPRIATIONS.
Statement of the salaries and incidental expenses paid at each agency in
Names of agencies.
State or Terri-
tory.
Number
of In-
dians at
each
agency.
Appropriations from which salaries of employes
and incidental expenses of agencies have been
paid.
Nevada
Nevada
4,180
836
1,790
17, 200
9,200
5,119
686
1,023
997
730
819
97
1,250
1,059
3,620
760
1,671
490
1,185
3,120
3,036
3,592
1,855
Incidental expenses Indian service in Nevada,
1884.
. -do
"Western Shoshone
do . .
New Mexico —
do
Navajo
Incidental expenses Indian service in New
Mexico, 1884.
Support of Indians of Arizona and New Mex-
ico, 1884.
Pueblo
do
Incidental expenses Indian service in New
Mexico, 1884.
Support of Navajoes 1884
Incidental expenses Indian service in New
Mexico, 1884.
Buildings at agencies and repairs 1884
New York . . .
New York
Grande Hondo
Oregon
Incidental expenses Indian service in Oregon,
1884.
do
Klamath
do
Siletz
do
Support of Klamaths and Modocs, 1884
Support of Indians of Klamath Agency, 1884 ...
Incidental expenses Indian service in Oregon,
1884.
do
Umatilla
do
Warm Springs ...
do
Support of Walla Walla, Cayuse, and Umatilla
tribes, 1884.
Incidental expenses Indian service in Oregon,
1884.
Contingencies Indian Department 1884
Tonkawa
Texas
Support of confederated tribes and bands in
Middle Oregon, 1884.
Contingencies Indian Department, 1884 .. ...
On ray
Utah
do
Uintah Valley
do ... .
Incidental expenses Indian service in Utah, 1884.
Support of confederated bands of Utes, 1884
Support of Utah's Tabequache band 1884
Incidental expenses Indian service in Utah, 1884.
Contingencies Indian Department, 1884
Colville
Washington Ter-
ritory.
do
Support of confederated bands of Utes, 1884
Incidental expenses Indian service in Washing-
ton, 1884.
Buildings at agencies and repairs, 1884
Neah Bay
Incidental expenses Indian service in Washing-
ton, 1884.
Support of Makahs 1884
NisquaUy and S'Ko-
komish.
Quimaielt
do
Support of Sklallams 1884
do
Incidental expenses Indian service in Washing-
ton, 1884.
do
Tulalip
do
Support of Quinaielts and Quillehutes, 1884
Incidental expenses Indian service in Washing-
ton, 1884.
Support of D'Wamish and other allied tribes,
1884.
Incidental expenses Indian service in Washing-
ton, 1884.
Support of Yakamas and other Indians, 1884
Contingencies Indian Department 1884
Yakama
do
Green Bay
Wisconsin
LaPointe "
....do
Contingencies Indian Department, 1884
Shoshone
Wyoming
Support of Chippewas of Lake Superior, 1884. ..
Fulfilling treaty with Chippewas of Boise Fort
band.
Buildings at agencies and repairs 1884 ...
Incidental expenses Indian service in Wyoming,
1884.
Support of northern Cheyennes and Arapahoes,
1884.
Support of Shoshones and Bannocks, 1884
Payments to employ6s at several of the agencies were made from permanent funds belonging to
SALARIES AND INCIDENTAL EXPENSES AT AGENCIES. 251
the Indian service during the year ending June 30, 1884, ^-o. — Continued.
INCIDENTAL I
.XPENSES.
PAY OF E
MPLOYE6.
Traveling
expenses of
agents.
Office rent,
fuel, light,
and sta-
tionery.
Forage
and stable
expenses.
Miscella-
neous.
Total of
incidental
expenses.
Regular.
Temporary.
Total
pay of
employes.
$52 50
$196 00
$10 00
$258 50
$3 240 00
$3, 240 00
28 00
$31 00
72 75
131 75
2 084 10
2,084 10
193 50
239 00
87 50
70 50
87 50
562 50
10 25
1, 250 75
5, 199 12
$725 50
5, 924 62
150 00
542 54
508 00
58 82
977 40
39 00
2 275 76
3 668 48
752 33
4,420 81
135 25
50 00
600 00
119 21
88 80
993 26
1, 800 00
4 00
1, 804 00
158 96
10 50
169 46
255 43
39 00
294 43
395 00
395 00
1, 650 00
1, 650 00
19 00
52 00
57 92
2 406 09
128 92
1, 615 00
4,021 09
141 10
118 97
15 20
275 27
3,846 67
32 50
3, 879 17
45 00
91 50
184 50
321 00
3 775 82
3 775 82
91 15
42 00
81 80
450 00
214 95
900 00
1, 350 00
22 80
183 00
240 00
2 66
448 46
* ''20 75
1 50
155 10
497 44
308 72
294 09
200 00
4 390 40
609 91
1 074 79
706 31
6 309 43
150 00
2 356 95
80 00
150 00
150 00
450 00
I 752 07
4 189 02
383 58
19 00
2, 838 86
288 75
691 33
2 838 86
263 85
60 95
365 58
324 80
1 845 00
2 210 58
6 50
1 709 45
392 6°
30 00
359 12
2 200 00
147 50
4 056 95
110 00
25 60
135 60
1 363 03
1 363 03
110 40
52 50
162 90
3 087 73
3,087 73
89 90
89 90
5 604 18
218 95
5 823 13
98 83
58 20
105 00
262 03
1 692 38
1 692 3S
471 47
22 50
118 72
176 00
10 00
272 03
4 100 69
1 000 00
480 00
1 374 72
5 276 69
83 61
54 00
3 053 86
173 00
137 61
4 200 00
85 00
7 511 86
the Indians, and not from current appropriations, and therefore do not appear on this statement.
252 EXECUTIVE ORDERS RELATING TO INDIAN RESERVES*
EXECUTIVE ORDERS ESTABLISHING. RESTORING, OR DEFINING EXIST
ING INDIAN RESERVATIONS, INCLUDING CERTAIN MILITARY AND IN-
DUSTRIAL SCHOOL RESERVATIONS, NOT HERETOFORE PUBLISHED.
ARIZONA.
Gila River Reserve.
EXECUTIVE MANSION, November 15, 1883.
It is hereby ordered that the tract of country in the Territory of Arizona embraced
within the following-described boundaries, which covers and adds to the present res-
ervation as set apart by act of Congress approved February 28, 1859 (11 Stats. 401),
and Executive orders dated August 31, 1876, June 14, 1879, and May 5, 1882, viz :
beginning at a point in the middle of Salt River 4 miles east from the intersection of
said river with the Gila River, being the northeast corner of the Executive addition
of June 14, 1879; thence southeasterly along the boundary line of said Executive ad-
dition to the township line between townships 1 and 2 south, range 2 east of the Gila
and Salt River meridian ; thence east on the township lines between townships 1 and
2 south to the northeast corner of township 2 south, range 4 east ; thence south on
the range line between ranges 4 and 5 east to the southeast corner of township 2
south, range 4 east ; thence east on the township lines between townships 2 and 3
south to the northeast corner of township 3 south, range 6 east ; thence south on the
range line between ranges 6 and 7 east to the southeast corner of township 3 south,
range 6 east ; thence east on the township lines between townships 3 and 4 south to the
quarter-section corner on the north boundary of section 3, township 4 south, range 8
east; thence south through the middle of sections 3, 10, 15, 22, 27, and 34, in town-
ship 4 south, range 8 east, and seeiion 3, in township 5 south, range 8 east, to the
northeast corner of the present reservation as established by Executive order dated
August 31, 1876, being the northeast corner of the southwest quarter of section 3,
township 5 south, range 8 east; thence following the boundary line of said reserva-
tion southwest and north to the northeast corner of section 2, township 5 soufch,
range 7 ease ; thence south on the section lines to the southeast corner of section 11,
in township 5 south, range 7 east ; thence west on the section lines through ranges 7,
6, and 5 east to the southwest corner of section 7, township 5 south, range 5 east j
thence north on the range line between ranges 4 and 5 east to the northwest corner
of section 18, township 4 south, range 5 east; thence west on the section lines through
ranges 4, 3, and 2 east to the southwest corner of section 7, township 4 south, range
2 east; thence north on the range line between ranges 1 and 2 east to the northwest
corner of section 19, in township 2 south, range 2 east; thence west on the section
lines through range 1 east to the southwest corner of section 18, township 2 south,
range 1 east, on the Gila and Salt River meridian ; thence north on the Gila and Salt
River meridian to a point in the Gila River opposite the middle of the mouth of Salt
River; thence up the middle of Salt River to the place of beginning, as approxi-
mately represented on the accompanying diagram, be, and the same is hereby, with-
drawn from sale and settlement and set apart for the use and occupancy of the Pirna
and Maricopa Indians : Provided, however, That any tract or tracts of land included
within the foregoing-described boundaries the title of which has passed out of the
United States Government, or to which valid homestead or pre-emption rights have
attached under the laws of the United States prior to the date of this order, are
hereby excluded from the reservation hereby made.
CHESTER A. ARTHUR.
Navajo Reserve.
EXECUTIVE MANSION,
Washington, D. C., May 17, 1884.
It is hereby ordered that the following-described lands in the Territories of Arizona
and Utah be, and the same are, withheld from sale and settlement and set apart as a
reservation for Indian purposes, viz :
Beginning on the 110th degree of west longitude at 36 degrees and 30 minutes north
latitude (the same being the northeast corner of the Moqui Indian Reservation);
thence due west to the lllth degree 30 minutes west longitude ; thence due north to
the middle of the channel of the Colorado River ; thence up and along the middle of
the^chaonel of said river to its intersection with the San Juan River ; thence up and
along the middle channel of San Juan River to west bomidary of Colorado (32 degrees
west longitude, Washington meridian); thence due south to the thirty-seventh par-
allel north latitude ; thence west along said parallel to the 110th degree of west lon-
gitude ; thence due south to place of beginning : Provided, That any tract or tracts
within the region of country described as aforesaid which are settled upon or occu-
pied, or to which valid rights have attached under existing laws of the United States
prior to date of this order, are hereby excluded from this reservation.
CHESTER A. ARTHUR.
EXECUTIVE ORDERS RELATING TO INDIAN RESERVES. 253
CALIFORNIA.
Yuma Reserve.
EXECUTIVE MANSION, January 9, 1884.
In lieu of an Executive order dated July 6, 1883, setting apart certain lands iii
the Territory of Arizona as a reservation for the Yuma Indians, which order is hereby
canceled, it is hereby ordered that the following-described tract of country in the
State of California, except so much thereof as is embraced within the Fort Yuma
military reservation, viz, beginning at a point in the middle of the channel of the Col-
orado River due east of the meander corner to sections 19 and 30, township 15 south,
range 24 east, San Bernardino meridian ; thence west on the line between sections 19
and 30 to the range line between townships 23 and 24 east ; thence continuing west on
the section line to a point which, when surveyed, will. be the cornerto sections 22,23,
26, and 27, in township 15 south, range 21 east; thence south on the line bet ween sections
26 and 2? in township 15 south, range 21 east, and continuing south on the section lines
to the intersection of the international boundary, being the corner to fractional sections
34 and 35, in township 16 south, range 21 east; thence easterly on the international
boundary to the middle of the channel of the Colorado River; thence up said river,
in the middle of the channel thereof, to the place of beginning, be, and the same is
hereby, withdrawn from settlement and sale and set apart as a reservation for the
Yuma and such other Indians as the Secretary of the Interior may see fit to settle
thereon: Provided, hoivever, That any tract or tracts included within the foregoing-
described boundaries to which valid rights have attached under the laws of the
United States are hereby excluded out of the reservation hereby made.
It is also hereby ordered that the Fort Yuma military reservation before men-
tioned be, and the same is hereby, transferred to the control of the Department of the
Interior, to be used for Indian purposes in connection with the Indian reservation es-
tablished by this or<ler, said military reservation having been abandoned by the War
Department for military purposes.
CHESTER A. ARTHUR.
DAKOTA.
Great Sioux Reserve.
EXECUTIVE MANSION, March 20, 1884.
It is hereby ordered that the lands embraced within the three existing Executive
additions to the Great Sioux Reservation, in Dakota, east of the Missouri River, viz,
the one opposite the Standing Rock Agency, the one opposite the mouth of Grand
River and the site of the old Grand River Agency, and the one opposite the mouth of
Big Cheyenne River and the Cheyenne River Agency, be, and the same are hereby,
restored to the mass of the public domain, the same being no longer needed for the
purpose for which they were withdrawn from sale and settlement.
CHESTER A. ARTHUR.
Turtle Mountain Reserve.
EXECUTIVE MANSION, March 29, 1884.
It is hereby ordered that the tract of country in the Territory of Dakota withdrawn
from sale and settlement and set apart for the use and occupancy of the Turtle Mount-
ain band of Chippewa Indians by Executive order dated December 21, 18H2, except
townships 162 and 163 north, range 71 west, be, and the same is hereby, restored to
the mass of the public domain.
CHESTER A. ARTHUR.
EXECUTIVE MANSION, June 3, 1884.
The Executive order dated March 29, 1884, whereby certain lands in the Territory
of Dakota previously set apart for the use and occupancy of the Turtle Mountain
band of Chippewa Indians were, with the exception of townships 162 and 163 north,
range 71 west, restored to the mass of the public domain, is hereby amended so as to
substitute township 162 north, range 70 west, for township 163 north, range 71 west,
the purpose and eifect of such amendment being to withdraw from sale and settle-
ment and set apart for the use and occupancy of said Indians said township 162 north,
range 70 west, in lieu of township 163 north, range 71 west, which last-mentioned
township is thereby restored to the mass of the public domain.
CHESTER A. ARTHUR.
254 EXECUTIVE ORDERS RELATING TO INDIAN RESERVES.
INDIAN TERRITORY.
Chilocco Industrial School Reserve.
EXECUTIVE MANSION, July 12, 1884.
It is hereby ordered that the following-described tracts of country in the Indian
Territory, viz, sections 13, 14, 15, 16, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, and the east half of
sections 17, 20, and 29, all in township No. 29 north, range No. 2 east of the Indian
meridian, be, and the same are hereby, reserved and set apart for the settlement of
such friendly Indians belonging within the Indian Territory as have been or who
may hereafter be educated at the Chilocco Indian Industrial School in said Territory.
CHESTER A. ARTHUR.
Fort Reno Military Reserve.
WAR DEPARTMENT,
To the PRESIDENT : Washington City, July 17, 1883.
SIR: Upon recommendation of the post commander, concurred in by the command-
ing general Department of the Missouri and the Lieut eiiant-Geueral, I have the
honor to request that the following-described tract of land in the Indian Territory,
located within the limits of the Cheyenne and Arapaho Indian Reservation, created
by Executive order dated August 10, 1869, be duly declared and set apart by the
Executive as a military reservation for the post of Fort Reno, viz :
Beginning at the northwest corner of section 28, township 13 north, range 8 west
of the Indian meridian, and running thence east to the North Fork of the Canadian
River; thence down this stream to the range line between ranges 7 and 8 west of
the Indian meridian ; thence south on said range line to the southeast corner of sec-
tion 36, township 13 north, range 8 west of the Indian meridian ; thence east to the
northeast corner of township 12 north, range 8 west of the Indian meridian ; thence
south to the southeast corner of section 12 of said township; thence west to the
southwest corner of section 9 of said township ; thence north to the northwest corner
of section 4 of said township ; thence west to the southwest corner of section 33, town-
ship 13 northsrauge 8 west of the Indian meridian ; thence north to the point of begin-
ning, containing an area of about 14f square miles, or 9,493 acres.
A sketch showing the proposed reservation is inclosed herewith, and the Interior
Department reports that there is no objection on the part of the Indian Office to the
setting apart for military purposes exclusively of the tract of land herein described.
I have the honor to be, sir, with great respect, &c.,
ROBERT T. LINCOLN,
Secretary of War.
EXECUTIVE MANSION, Washington, July 17, 1883.
The within request is approved, and the reservation is made and proclaimed accord-
ingly.
The Secretary of the Interior will cause the same to be noted in the General Land
Office.
CHESTER A. ARTHUR.
Fort Supply Military Reserve.
WAR DEPARTMENT,
To the PRESIDENT : Washington City, January, 10, 1883.
SIR: I have the honor, upon the recommendation of the commanding general De-
partment of the Missouri, concurred in by the Lieuteuaut-General and approved by
the General of the Army, to request that the United States military reservation of
Fort Supply, Indian Territory, originally declared by Executive order dated April
18, 1882, as announced in General Orders No. 14, of May 10, 1882, from department
headquarters, may be enlarged, for the purpose of supplying the post with water and
timber, by the addition of the following-described tracts of land adjacent thereto, viz :
The south half of township 25 north, range 22 west, and the southwest quarter of
township 25 north, range 21 west, in the Indian Territory.
It has been ascertained from the Interior Department that no objection will be in-
terposed to the enlargement of the reservation in question as herein indicated.
The Commissioner of Indian Affairs, however, with the concurrence of the Secre-
tary of the Interior, recommends that a proviso be inserted in the order making the
proposed addition, so as to cover the entire reservation, "that whenever any por-
tion of the land so set apart may be required by the Secretary of the Interior for In-
dian purposes the same shall be abandoned by the military, upon notice to that effect
to the Secretary of War."
I have the honor to be, sir, with great respect, &c.,
ROBERT T. LINCOLN,
Secretary of War.
EXECUTIVE ORDERS RELATING TO INDIAN RESERVES. 255
EXECUTIVE MANSION,
Washington, January 17, 1883.
The within, request is approved, and the enlargement of the reservation is made and
proclaimed accordingly : Provided, That whenever any portion of the land set apart for
this post may be required by the Secretary of the Interior for Indian purposes the
same shall be relinquished by the military, upon notice to that eifect to the Secretary
of War ; and the Executive order of April 18, 1882, is modified to this extent.
The Secretary of the Interior will cause the same to be noted in the General Land
Office. CHESTER A. ARTHUR.
NEW MEXICO.
Jicarilla Reserve.
EXECUTIVE MANSION, May 14, 1884.
It is hereby ordered that the tract of country in the Territory of New Mexico set
apart as a reservation for the Jicarilla Apache Indians by Executive order dated
~ jpteraber 21, 1880, be, and the same hereby is, restored to the public domain.
CHESTER A. ARTHUR.
Navajo Reserve.
EXECUTIVE MANSION,
Washington, May 17, 1884.
It is hereby ordered that the Executive order dated January 6, 1880, adding certain?
lands to the Navajo Reservation, in New Mexico and Arizona Territories, be, and the
same is hereby, amended so as to exempt from its operation and exclude from said
reservation all those portions of townships 29 north, ranges 14, 15, and 16 west of the
New Mexico principal meridian, south of the San Juan Riyer, in the Territory of
New Mexico. CHESTER A. ARTHUR.
Pueblo Industrial School Reserve.
EXECUTIVE MANSION, October 3, 1884.
It is hereby ordered that the following described tract of land in the county of Ber-
nalillo and Territory of New Mexico, viz, all that certain piece, parcel, or tract of
land situate, lying, and being in the county of Bernalillo and Terr.tory of New Mexico
bounded on the north by lands of J. K. Basye, on the east by lands of Diego Garcia
and Miguel Antonio Martin and others, on the south by lands of the Jesuit fathers,
and on the west by lands of the Jesuit fathers, said tract being more particularly
bounded and described as follows, to wit : Beginning at a stake at the northwest cor-
ner of the lands formerly owned by John H. McMinn and running thence north four
degrees and fifty-three minutes ^4° 53') west, seven hundred and thirty-one and seven-
tenths (731.7) feet, to a stake at the northwest corner of the land hereby conveyed;
thence north eighty-four degrees and fifty- two minutes (84° 52') east, two thousand
three hundred and twenty and seven-tenths (2,320.7) feet, to a stake at the northeast
corner of the land hereby conveyed ; thence south three degrees and forty-five min-
utes (3° 45') east, seven hundred and twenty and four -tenths (720.4) feet, to a stake;
thence south seven degrees and thirty minutes (7° 30') west, seven hundred and
ninety-three (793) feet, to a stake at the southeast corner of the laud hereby conveyed ;
thence north eighty-five degrees and fifty minutes (85° 50') west, one hundred and
eighty-four and six-tenths (184.6) feet, to a stake; thence north eighty-seven degrees
and forty-two minutes (87° 42') west, six hundred and fifteen (615) feet, to a stake ;•
thence north eighty-one degrees and fifty-two minutes (81° 52') west, two hundred
and three (203) feet, to a stake; thence north seventy-eight degrees and forty -four
minutes (78° 44') west, two hundred and twenty-four (224) feet, to a stake; thence
north seventy-three degrees and nineteen minutes (73° 19') west, one hundred and
seventy-six and four-tenths (176.4) feet, to a stake; thence north seventy degrees and
fourteen minutes (70° 14') west, two hundred and thirty-four (234) feet, to a stake;
thence north seventy-eight degrees arid thirty-eight minutes (78° 38') west, five hun-
dred and sixty-seven and seven-tenths (567. 7) feet, to a stake at the southwest corner
of the land hereby conveyed; and thence north six degrees and eight minutes (6° 8')
west, two hundred and thirty-four and four-tenths (234.4) feet, to the point and place
of beginning, containing sixty-five and seventy-nine one-hundredths (65.79) acres
more or less ; which said tract of land was conveyed to the United States of America
by a certain deed of conveyance bearing date the 7th day of June, A. D. 1882, from
Elias S. Clark, of the town of Albuquerque, in the county and Territory aforesaid, as
a site for an industrial school for Pueblo and other Indians, and the erection thereon
of suitable buildings and other improvements for such purposes, be, and the same
hereby is, reserved and set apart for Indian purposes.
CHESTER A. ARTHUR.
INDIAN RESERVATIONS, AREAS, AND
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258 INDIAN RESERVATIONS, AREAS, AND HOW ESTABLISHED.
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264 INDIAN RESERVATIONS, AREAS, AND HOW ESTABLISHED.
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INDIAN RESERVATIONS, AREAS, AND HOW ESTABLISHED. 265
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266
STATISTICS OF INDIAN SCHOOLS.
Table of statistics relating
Name of agency and school.
School population.
Number
who can be
accommo-
dated in
schools.
Number
attending
school one
month or
more dur-
ing the
year.
Average attendance.
Largest average monthly
attendance.
Number of months school
was in session.
Cost of
maintaining
schools.
Number of teachers and
employe's. |
Number of acres cultivated
by school. j
Boarding.
1
bio
o
«
1
Ji
H
To religious
societies.
ARIZONA.
Colorado River Agency
213
Agency boarding ...
70
*>?
44
25
50
28
9
3
$6, 146
1,633
6
3
25
30
Pima, Maricopa.andPapago Ag'y
Agfliif.y boarding
3,030
90
7?,
54
16
72
22
8
3
6,402
232
6
1
60
Papaco dav
22
34
CALIFORNIA.
54
Agency day
60
42
17
31
11
720
1
....
Mission Agency
650
Protrero day . ........
36
26
29
29
46
32
41
15
21
13
33
22
33
19
29
19
39
30
36
10
10
10
10
10
3
600
690
720
720
600
180
1
San Jacinto day
40
-
1
1
1
1
Coahuilla day
50
Aqua Cali ente day
50
45
Temecula day
Rincon day . ...
46
1
Bound Valley Agency
91
Agency day
51
51
36
41
8
1,292
2
Tule River Agency . . .
18
Agency day ....
50
24
16
24
8}
526
1
DAKOTA.
Cheyenne River Agency
897
Mission Industrial day
25
17
37
23
56
29
31
33
7
8
7
18
12
19
33
32
17
30
28
10
11
11
25
14
31
36
43
23
35
37
9
6
2
5
5
9
10
10
9
10
10
$671
178
77
180
113
3,690
2
1
1
1
1
5
3
1
p
4
16
8
«3
3
Mission day No 1
25
Mission day No. 2
25
Mission day No 4
25
Mission day, Chantier Bottom
Agency Boys' and Girls' day
No. 1.
Saint John's girls' boarding
25
40
450
1,810
5,185
450
3,697
3,295
35
50
25
36
45
Agency boys' boarding
Saint Stephen's day
140
Crow Creek Agency :
Crow Creek boarding
149
200
174
40
36
41
43
Lower Brule boarding
Devil's Lake Agency
Agency industrial boarding .
Boys' industrial boarding
30
88
70
16
40
80
17
55
10
10
6
7,611
2,650
600
10
4
2
10
20
5
18
M
Saint John's mission day at
Turtle Mountain.
Fort Berthold Agency ...
60
60
175
Fort Stevenson boarding
48
52
41
13
52
24
6i
9i
63, 148
10
33
Mission day
60
100
945
Pine Ridge Agency
1,625
Agency boarding
80
90
78
59
17
35
83
96
27
47
7
12
5
8
5,880
480
113
365
7
2
2
2
5
Medicine Root Creek day
45
129
43
52
300
200
1 "Ct
St. Andrew's day
45
White Bird day
45
a From Report of 1883.
b Other items of expense have not been reported.
STATISTICS OF INDIAN SCPIOOLS.
267
to Indian education.
Produce raised
(bushels).
Melons and pumpkins.
Tons of hay.
Stock owned.
Number of pounds of butter
made.
Number of Indians who can
read.
Number who have learned
to read during the year.
Industries taught.
O
a .
"6
f
i
2
®
>
!i
® 3
ea
w
<D
O
1
I
Domestic
fowls.
48
10
Housework and sewing.
Do.
Farming, blacksmithing,
general housework and
sewing.
Sewing.
Gardening and general
housework.
General housework, and
sewing.
General housework, sew-
ing, ued dairying.
Domestic work and farm-
ing.
General housework, sew-
ing, and farming.
Farming, housekeeping,
sewing, and dairying.
Sewing and general house-
work.
Farming.
Gardening.
Housework, sewing, farm-
ing, and shoe-making.
Housework, sewing, and
gardening.
Gardening, sewing, and
housework.
House-building, farming,
and sewing.
Sewing.
Honse-building, farming,
and sewing.
20
6
100
16
11
2
150 50
i
76
36
2
650
160
75
50
100
230
155
1,200
700
30
2
5
?,
....
100
100
20
20
179
185
100
50
169
91
172
19
40
20
200
100
300
200
696
278
134
28
4
30
10
20
\
1
100
50
25
800
985
75
50
4
9
100
40
25
95
300
•
268
STATISTICS OF INDIAN SCHOOLS.
Table of statistics relating to
Name of agency and school.
School population.
Number
who can be
accommo-
dated in
schools.
Number
attending
school one
month or
more dur-
ing the
year.
Average attendance.
ot,». *>. j Largest average monthly
attendance.
Number of months school
was in session.
Cost of
maintaining
schools.
Number of teachers and
employes.
Number of acres cultivated
by school.
fcJD
a
i
Boarding.
fl
To Govern-
ment.
To religious
societies.
D A KOT A— C ontinued.
Pine Ridge Agency — Continued.
Wounded Knee day
45
60
51
57
37
38
46
12
12
4
$1, 080
645
344
2
2
2
Ogalalla dav
45
A gency day
45
....
Rosebud Agency
1,853
St. Matthew's Mission day. . .
30
29
35
32
40
51
11
16
25
25
20
21
6
16
30
32
30
51
\
3
$10
200
1
1
1
1
1
• •
St. Mark's Mission day
35
Oak Creek day
34
313
517
Agency day ...
40
"356
St. Ann's Mission day
60
St. Mark's night
Standing Rock Agency
1,034
Dakota Mission day
40
67
25
93
37
37
110
53
8
12
12
800
1
8
7
1
5
50
Industrial boarding
100
60
131
68
10, 565
6,046
Industrial farm boarding. . . .
Sisseton Agency
344
Agency boarding
Goodwill Mission boarding . .
130
50
14
10
103
45
14
4
68
43
14
86
49
14
9
7
10
10, 541
3,146
1,234
2,117
10
7
9
25
3
Ascension girls' boarding . . .
Tankton Agency
Yankton hoardings
Selwyn day
100
"'26'
20
45
VI
24
41
14
13
39
64
18
10
45
14
16
45
85
23
14
5
12
1,707
34
267
1,588
8,942
1,193
10
28
Reo day
1
St. Paul's boarding
Agency boarding
40
75
45
85
7,000
7
8
1
1
5
30
White Swan Mission day
40
43
42
175
300
Mission day
30
IDAHO.
Fort Hall Agency
a285
Agency boarding
60
38
22
32
10
3,201
4 8
Nez Perc6 Agency
350
W Oman's day .....
all
a8
58
19
...
11
11
53
10
66
72
30
21
16
58
11
83
87
36
28
8
9
9
10
10
10
10
600
600
1
7
1
12
12
5
9
...
15
25
20
35
47
Agency Boarding and Indus-
trial.
Men's day
60
8,639
INDIAN TERRITORY.
Cheyenne and Arapaho Agency :
Arapaho boarding
532
765
100
100
40
60
9,407
10, 143
1,887
1,583
Cheyenne boarding
Mennonite boarding at ag'y.
Mennonite boarding at can-
tonment
QO
\1
2,314
3,429
37
Kiowaf Comanche, and Wichita
Agency . .
550
Kiowa and Comanche board-
120
70
144
46
&L
53
31
ocated
76
37
at 3
10
10
ranli
9,102
5,876
ton, Da
12
11
24
22
Wichita boarding
a^From last year's Report.
k.
STATISTICS OF INDIAN SCHOOLS.
269
Indian education — Continued.
Produce raised
(bushels).
Melons and pumpkins.
Tons of hay.
Stock owned.
Number of pounds of butter
made.
Number of Indians who can
read.
Number who have learned
to read during the year.
Industries taught.
1
I*
O
Vegetables.
jj
&
Cattle.
<D
ft
It
02
Domestic
fowls.
House-building, farming,
and sewing.
Do.
Do.
Sewing.
Gardening.
General housework, sew-
ing, dairying, and gar-
dening.
Farming, care of stock,
dairying, and carpenter-
ing.
Harness and shoe making,
tailoring, farming, sew-
ing, knitting, and house-
work.
Farming, care of stock,
sewing, and housework.
Sewing, and housework.
Gardening and farming.
Farming.
Farming, sewing, and
housework.
Farming, harness-making,
and sewing.
Sewing, knitting, and
baking.
Gardening, farming, fence-
building, sewing, and
general housework.
General house work, farm-
ing, and gardening.
Farming and house work.
Farming, domestic work,
dairying, &c.
Farming, domestic work,
dairying, and sewing.
General housework, sew-
ing, farming, and attend-
ing cows.
Do.
100
20
.
I
210
70
25
40
260
33
6
10
25
2
360
720
150
200
4
7
3
10
90
50
100
200
{C80oJ
4
"479
«30
300
520
234
50
20
2
2
7
6
100
70
680
25
640
700
50
5
3
20
200
340
45
4
2
10
12
9
7
200
100
295
25
19
9
15
35
502
18
2
4
170
30
200
c50
915
1,000
47
4
36
600
60
8
20
32
105
3
4
4
6
6
204
225
12
22
1,000
1,120
c5
89
81
60
500
8
25
4
19
45
35
150
625
248
38
270
200
108
59
500
66
53
c Wheat.
270
STATISTICS OF INDIAN SCHOOLS.
Tdlrte of statistic* relating to
Name of agency and school.
School population.
Nui
who
acco
dat€
sch
1
nber
jan be
nmio-
d in
ools.
Number
attending
school one
month or
more dur-
ing the
year.
6
1
CIS
B
!
Largest average monthly
attendance.
Number of months school
was in session.
Cost of
maintaining
schools.
1
00
t-t
0)
0} k*s
-*-> O
•si
<D
h
a>
,Q
a
a
ft
Number of acres cultivated
by school.
i
1 Boarding.
>>
eS
ft
To Govern-
ment.
l|
1>3
fl
£°»
INDIAN TERRITORY— Continued.
318
Osage boarding
150
60
139
57
......
72
45
21
75
52
44
83
51
15
22
35
123
53
29
92
63
54
96
61
16
27
38
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
$8, 914
6,097
3,722
9,670
7,520
815
7,337
5, 223
493
581
729
14
9
5
13
7
48
40
2
30
20
Ponca, Pawnnee and Otoe Ag'y :
44
325
129
35
70
80
80
50
106
<)?,
Ponca boarding
Nez Perc6 day
50
15
95
88
54
Quapaw Agency :
Seneca, Shawnee and Wyan-
dotte boarding
180
15
12
100
100
10
7
1
1
70
15
30
30
56
15
26
38
26
35
1
....
370
Absentee Shawnee boarding.
Sac and Fox boarding
50
40
62
\f>
38
33
14
35
44
43
20
35
10
10
7
10
3
8
9
9
9
12
9
9
12
9
9
10
?
a8
10
10
10
10
8
7
6,081
4,962
380
8
7
1
30
10
20
<ffi
20
Sacred Heart Mission board-
70
Union Agency :
Choctaw :
Armstrong Orphan
39
(&>
(e)
I
(6)
$l,100d
2,630
059
\
....
Fifty-seven day
Cherokee :
Worcester Academy
Male Seminary
•;:::
150
200
l,800a
103
110
l,124a
70
100
90
\
e!4, 000
elO, 000
ell, 000
e37, 000
08, 970
012, 600
07, 605
(76, 840
050, 000
hi, 800
7*2, 131
ahl, 500
i3, 500
il, 325
i5, 600
il, 000
3
9
9
11
103
2
2
2
2
12
2
100
Female Seminary
Orphan Asylum
200
175
6,000
104
175
61
6
4,300
95
160
2,500
54
54
35
40
61
"44"
46
Chickasaw :
Male Academy
60
60
60
Blooinfield Academy
45
/J9
Wah-pa-mucka Academy
Eight day
45
"240"
46
"240"
8
Seminole :
50
-I9
39
60
40
61
3,855
2,856
1,400
2,400
1,200
1,000
1,700
1.000
5
6
a6
4
10
2
8
4
2
5
4
50
60
ioo|
140 j
i
W^ewoka boarding . .
70
79
Six day
a250
"vl
a!38
Creek :
Tallahasse Mission
boarding.
Wealaka Manual Labor
boarding.
Asbury Manual Labor
boarding.
Levering Manual Labor
boarding.
Presbyterian Industrial
boarding and day.
Pit,t,sbur£rk Mission dav .
50
49
90
40
92
40
40
50
100
65
111
45
50
125
80
134
84
120
111
14
60
50
17
33
85
a From Report of 1883. c Supported by Choctaw Nation.
6 Supported in part by Choctaw Nation and in part d For buildings,
by religious societies. ePaid by Cherokee Nation.
STATISTICS OF INDIAN SCHOOLS.
Indian education — Continued.
271
Produce raised
(bushels).
Melons and pumpkins.
I
•
H
Stock owned.
Number of pounds of butter
made.
Number of Indians who can
read.
Number who have learned
to read during the year.
Industries taught.
O
:!
1
ja
1
t>
P
W
4?
"cS
O
oJ
1
0
?*
gl
265
40
General housework, sew-
ing, and farm work.
Do.
Farming, care of stock,
housework, sewing.
Do.
Farming, gardening,
housework, and sewing.
Farming, housework. '
Farming and general
housework.
Farming, dairying, sew-
ing, housework.
Farming, dairying, and
sewing.
Industrial drawing.
Gardening.
Domestic work and sew-
ing.
Housework, sewing, and
general farm work.
\
i
Housekeeping and sewing.
Gardening, sewing, and
housework.
Farming, carpentering,
sewing, and housekeep-
ing-
Farming, housekeeping,
and sewing.
Farming and housekeep-
ing.
Farming, housework, and
sewing.
Housekeeping.
Sewingr.
2,290
1,200
10
400
400
150
200
104
100
30
11
50
7
194
38
33
rtS3
53
45
21
50
35
200
175
217
100
50
4
rt48
12
700
200
300
112
95
200
100
80
50
4
3
52
12
9
21
370
17
24
40
9
2
2
8
72
210
2
40
200
10
20
31
40
18
25
15
4
5
100
125
20
20
25
20
10
10
2
2,000
2
4
™
(/)
50
.
6
165
150
150
20
154
260
165
70
30
4
30
10
50
200
800
1,200
1,500
J420
1,500
15
30
22
2
6
4
5
2
25
6
175
40
100
30
150
50
150
200
500
240
200
135
330
90
100
/Xot reported.
#Paid by Chickasaw Nation.
h Paid by Seminole Nation,
i Paid by Creek Nation.
j Wheat.
272
STATISTICS OF INDIAN SCHOOLS.
Table of statistics relating to
Name of agency and school.
School population.
Number
who can be
accommo-
dated in
schools.
Number
attending
school one
month or
more dur-
ing the
year.
Average attendance.
£5,0 M 1 Largest average monthh
«' M ° attendance.
Number of months school
was in session.
Cost of
maintaining
schools.
to 1 Number of teachers and
®°> *- employes.
; ; 1 Number of acres cultivated
; ; M 1 by school.
Boarding.
i
40
1
s
Ij
0
H
co
l|
&s
11
SS
INDIAN TERRITORY— Continued.
Creek — Continued.
Muskogee Mission board-
ing and day.
Harrell Institute . - .
60
20
65
335
7
10
10
(a)
$2, 400
>
22
120
500
Twenty-nine day
800
$12,200?
IOWA.
Sac and Fox Agency
65
•
50
27
12
28
17
23
10
15
31
22
26
12
9
10
12
10
5
600
3,935
2,895
3,804
1
7
5
6
1
100$
(
35
*
KANSAS.
Pottawatomie and Great Ne-
maha:
Iowa and Sac and Fox board-
in or .... ...
40
51
70
16
1,019
50
30
30
•>fi
14
Pottawatomie boarding
Chippewa and Munsee day. .
MICHIGAN.
16
25
15
(a)
-
21
21
21
30
25
33
40
29
31
21
45
28
12
9
20
16
16
30
13
17
18
16
18
57
30
27
27
17
35
20
27
13
12
27
19
18
32
16
26
20
20
18
72
45
29
30
19
50
24
30
5
9
9
10
9
10
10
10
6
9
i
10
10
6
8
4
6
i"
125
400
426
400
400
473
443
576
378
320
16
4,234
30
50
20
45
....
Naubetung day
40
(a)
Middle Village day
30
40
30
-----
1
6
1
\
4
Jj'Anse day
20
20
....
MINNESOTA.
White Earth Agency :
White Earth boarding
483
80
20
120
125
White Earth Mission day
51
20
19
54
35
37
30
324
150
40
25
10
40
43
41
2,290
2,561
68
4
1
1
1
1
4
(a)
30
""l2
Buffalo River day
50
80
Rice River day
118
60
40
MONTANA.
500
Blackfeet day
20
100
95
72
118
10
1,260
2
....
715
16
20
26
22
25
27
12
3 012
3
2
400
100
150
50
53
*>9
50
59
53
59
12
12
3,000
5,000
3,000
3,000
8
9
170
28
i Not reported.
b Paid by Creek Nation.
STATISTICS OF INDIAN SCHOOLS.
273
Indian education — Continued,
Produce raised
(bushels).
Melons and pumpkins.
Tons of hay.
Stock owned.
'
Number of pounds of butter
made.
Number of Indians who can
read.
Number who have learned
to read during the year.
Industries taught.
0
nS
|
P
O
Vegetables.
I
K
®
«
fe
w
Domestic
fowls.
Domestic work.
Sewing.
5Farmwork and house-
} work.
Farm work, housework,
and sewing.
Farming and housework.
Sewing.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Sewing and bookbinding.
Sewing.
Farming, attending stock,
and general housework,
and sewing.
Sewing.
Cutting wood and house-
work.
General housework, sew-
ing, and gardening.
*
Farmwork, housework,
and sewing.
Gardening, carpentering,
and blacksmithing, &o.
i Dairying, housework.
1 sewing, knitting, and
( gardening.
200
20
c539
1,100
700
<?180
800
J260
226
143
42
160
225
50
45
90
50
4
2
5
18
43
21
13
7
11
200
125
250
155
78
365
35
5,055
24
10
14
4
105
11
}130
602
30
11
305
25
Q
22
50
118
4
4
*
16
14
42
30
30
122
300
200
160
30
n
6
J600
(-96
)319
731
^229
40
40
100
5
400
300
4266 IND 18
c "Wheat.
274
STATISTICS OF INDIAN SCHOOLS.
Table of statistics relating to
Name of agency and school.
School population.
Nui
who <
acco
dat
sch
W)
PI
1
nber
:an be
nino-
jdin
ools.
j Number
attending
school one
month or
more dur-
ing the
year.
Average attendance.
Largest average monthly
attendance.
Number of months school
was in session.
Cost of
maintaining
schools.
a
M
•
E
£
11
*t
*l
1
ft
Number of acres cultivated
by school. |
!
£
p
Boarding.
£
P
To govern-
ment.
To religious
societies.
MONTANA— Continued.
300
*
16
28
15
20
10 ; $600
• i l"Ii
Fort Peck Agency . -
1, 115
j
Wolf Point day
40
60
40
40
40
69
69
40
40
25
4
55
34
30
23
18
66
43
29
65
69
63
35
34
22
69
60
37
88
8
9
8
8
8
10
10
10
10
795
i
2
1
1
1
6
7
7
7
10
40
20
31
30
Presbvterian Mission day
$860
340
667
320
Deer Tails day
Wolf Point Mission day
Box Elder Mission day
Agency boarding
60
60
60
10
69
09
10,479
6,072
2,836
8,465
NEBRASKA.
Omaha andWinnebago Agency:
Omaha boarding
303
Omaha Mission boarding
49
2,014
Winnebago boarding
246
636
170
80
no
Santee and Flandreau Agency . .
Agency boarding
45
35
5
84
34
52
31
40
24
7
21
67
33
45
26
7
35
10i
6
10J
10
5i
9
4,383
642
472
1,062
133
1,000
7
8
21
4
1
1
21
15
(a)
Saint Mary's girls boardingc
2,000
16J37"
2,580
360
Normal training boarding
120
24
6
20
<Z24
30
8
25
Hope boarding
Episcopal boys' boarding.
Flandreau day
65
50
54
NEVADA.
500
Pyramid Lake boarding
"Walker River day
42
30
42
30
29
23
42
30
9
3,274
728
3
3
M
Agency day °
40
34
33
34
10i
727
1
....
NEW MEXICO.
Mescalero and Jicarilla Agency.
Agency boardin"* and day
425
15
17 32
f/18
\ 10
/32
11
*%
450
i
4,000
A gftnr.y boarding ,,,,.,
100
24
19
23
7
3,705
7
....
Pueblo Agency 1 600
75'
90
45
95
27
19
28
115
16
20
22
20
18
20
30
51
25
39
134
18
25
25
24
20
24
30
10
10
10
10
8
8
(a)
8
8
8
10
720
720
720
15, 720
fc275
£350
fc370
£370
&340
&375
880
400
400
8,982
2
1
3
13
1
13
Laguna day
100
Zuni day
100
Albuquerque boarding - -
200
147
NEW YORK.
Allegany'fdistrict No. 1, day..
Allegany, district No. 2, day..
Allegany, district No. 3, day. .
Alleganv, district No. 5, day. .
Allegany, district No. 6, day..
Allegany, district No. 7, day. .
Allegany, Tunesassa boarding .
i275
13°
35
50
50
45
35
35
30
22
35
33
30
25
28
.......
1
1
1
....
1
1
1,100
5
160
a Not reported.
fcPoncas.
cBnildings burned and school closed February 17.
dNinety-five other boarding pupils who attended
this school are accounted for under another head.
STATISTICS OF INDIAN SCHOOLS.
275
Indian education — Continued.
Produce raised
(bushels).
Melons and pumpkins.
Tons of hay.
Stock owned.
Number of pounds of butter
made.
Number of Indians who can
read.
Number who have learned
to read during the year.
Industries taught.
1
«
:5i
jj
Vegetables.
'O
II
Is
Cattle.
®
p
'£
02
Domestic
fowls.
12
Cutting wood and farm-
ing.
Housework, sewing, dai-
rying and farming,
Farming, care of stock,
sewing, and housework.
Do.
Do.
Farming, gardening,
housekeeping, and sew-
ing.
General housework, sew-
ing, knitting, and gar-
dening.
Blacksmith ing, sewing,
housework, farming,
capentering, brick-ma-
king, and shoemaking.
Gardening and general
housework.
Cutting wood.
Carpentering, farming,
sewing, and housework.
Cutting wood, cooking,
and sewing.
Cutting wood.
Housework.
Sewing, housework.
Sewing and knitting.
Farming, plastering,
brick-making, carpen-
tering, sewing, house-
work.
$ Farm ing, sewing, house-
) work.
1
i
76
20
(a)
J20
(a)
560
2
2
3
2
9
19
4
9
14
19
17
19
175
25
800
600
300
240
180
100
110
610
375
16
65
60
450
325
450
3
2
2
1
17
4
11
2
20
15
100
150
50
140
(a)
600
43
3
150
28
10
7
5
80
300
25
2
20
12
10
25
6
8
CflO
150
25
4
26
75
•350
i20
200
5150J
I 400
^390
500
50
3
16
8
50
1,200
e$8,127 of this amount expended for buildings.
/Day school ; afterwards a boarding school.
g Forty-four sheep.
ft Supported by State of New York.
iFrom Report 1883.
j Wheat.
276
STATISTICS OF INDIAN SCHOOLS.
Table of statistics relating to
Name of agency and school.
3i
a
1
Number
who can be
accommo-
dated in
schools.
Number
attending
school one
mouth Gi-
ro ore dur-
ing the
year.
<D
«
1
J_
28
16
25
623
15
18
18
15
20
100
16
16
14
16
12
30
18
30
25
30
12
625
622
%
1
<B.
® °
fcJC ^
P
1
30
18
30
636
20
20
20
18
24
100
17
26
22
16
14
35
20
34
28
34
12
630
626
1
11
11
nf
^
|
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
12
10
10
10
P
8
8
8
8
8
68
68
Cost of
maintaining
schools.
Number of teachers and
employes.
Number of acres cultivated
by school.
Boarding.
1
Boarding.
!
To Govern-
ment.
To religious
societies
NEW YORK— Continued.
Cattarangus, district No. 1, day
Cattaraugus, district No. 2, day
Cattaraugus, district No. 3, day
Cattaraugus, district No. 5, day
Cattaruugus, district No. 6, day
Cattaraugus, district No. 7, day
Cattaraugus, district No. 8, day
Cattaraugus, district No. 9, day
Cattaraugus, district No.10, day
Thomas Orphan Asylum
c41
287
139
62
120
6100
UOO
!;;;
40
40
40
40
40
35
35
40
40
""28"
30
30
36
35
55
40
45
45
55
40
C670
J665
ioo
36
23
37
639
25
24
27
21
38
74"
32
29
18
15
40
26
40
35
40
15
650
630
o$290
o290
0290
0275
o275
0275
0275
0275
o275
lO.OOOa
a278
0278
0278
0190
a!88
a245
a!60
0255
0255
o3()5
a290
6o263
6a263
1
1
1
....
1
5
1
50
Tonawanda, district No. 1, day )
Tonawanda, district No. 2, day >
Tonawanda, district No. 3, day )
Oneirta district No. 1 day
.:::::
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
j^
---•
Oneida, district No. 2, day J
Onondaga, district No. 1, day. . .
Onondaga, Episcopal, day
Saint Regis, district No. I, day )
Saint Regis, district No. 2, day. V
Saint Regis, district No. 3, day. )
Cornplanter district No 1 day
Tuscarora, district No. 1, day . .
Tuscarora, district No. 2, day . .
NORTH CAROLINA.
Eastern Cherokee Agency . ...
6110
450
------
61
61
....
50
50
40
25
40
38
40
45
14
24
19
23
24
18
27
21
30
32
7
7
7
10
7
1 1,960
($147
150
{ 150
436
I 116
1
1
1
2
1
Big Cove day
Robbinsville day
~" Cherokee day
50
50
'.'..
Macedonia day . .
OREGON.
Grande Ronde Agency
125
Agency boarding
70
30
43
4
40
43
12
4,621
250
4
JClamath Agency
261
80
93
63
38
79
40
10
10
8,000
4,500
9
3
4
10
Yainax boarding
40
d?
Siletz Agency
125
Agency boarding
94
f>6
46
49
10
4,299
6
3
95
Agency^boarding
75
79
65
72
10
8,940
8
20
W^arm Springs Agency
150
Warm Springs boarding
30
30
20
38
33
27
28
34
29
Hi
2
3,839
584
4
3
8
Agency boarding
UTAH.
Uintah Agency
260
Agency boarding
30
10
28
19
24
7
2, 065
3
1
a Supported by State of New York.
6 From report 1883.
cCayugas.
STATISTICS OF INDIAN SCHOOLS.
277
Indian education— Continued.
Produce raised
(bushels).
Melons and pumpkins.
Tons of hay.
Stock owned.
Number of pounds of butter
made.
Number of Indians who can
read.
Number who have learned
to read during the year.
Industries taught.
i
T3
2*
I1
1
>
i!
1 Cattle.
1
Domestic
fowls.
c75
'575
o3
20
Farming, broom-making,
sewing, knitting, house-
work.
Carpentering,blacksmith-
ing, farming, housework,
and sawing.
Sawing lumber, black -
smithing, carpentering,
shoemaking, farming,
housework , sewin g, knit-
ting, and dairying.
Care of stock, farming,
housework, sewing,
knitting, and dairying.
Farming, attending stock,
sewing, and housework.
Farming, sewing, knit-
ting, and housework.
Carpentering, farm ing,
sewing, and housework.
Carpentering.blacksmith-
ing, sewing, and house-
work.
Gardening, housework,
and sewing.
:::
1,000
800
685
250
12
""3
7
6
225
100
120
V1206
10
4
10
&5
i
200
1,000
15
40
70
60
89
4
2
11
150
151
41
d83
80
100
2
2
50
33
180
(d)
289
i
135
10
(e)
15
12
36
50
42
12
" 6
66
100
6
9
20
80
10
138
5
11
11
4
25
5
54
«)
60
dMost of the garden produce was destroyed by frost.
e Not reported.
278
STATISTICS OF INDIAN SCHOOLS.
Table of siatistics relating to
Name of agency and school.
School population.
Number
who can be
accommo-
dated in
schools.
Number
attending
school one
month or
more dur-
ing the
year.
Average attendance.
Largest average monthly
attendance.
Number of months school
was in session.
Cost of
maintaining
schools.
Number of teachers and
employes.
Number of acres cultivated
by school.
I
I
1
1
To Govern-
ment.
To religious
societies.
WASHINGTON.
750
70
60
100
75
110
19
39
13
30
45
40
20
19
36
50
56
20
12
10
12
12
6
$1, 258
3,349
2,641
3,908
$926
580
«6,250
(&)
4
6
11
9
80
175
Colville girls' boarding
Coeur d' Alene girls' boarding.
Cceur d' Alene boys' boarding .
Spokane day
53
57
20
25
N/eah Bay A genoy
142
Agency boarding
60
f>9
52
36
57
38
10i
7
5,732
388
5
1
3
i
Quillehute day "
40
40
Qninaielt Agency
50
Agency boarding ~.
30
?3
23
25
9
3,024
3
4*
Nisqually and S'Kokomish Ag'cy
Jamestown day
c52
36
30
26
21
40
64
40
26
46
74
42
6
10
10
10
660
5,623
8,617
5,837
1
5
8
8
40
80
30
Chehalis boarding >
Pyallup boarding
17
78
25
247
50
25
48
53
80
S'Kokomish boarding
48
Tulalip Agency .
Boys' boarding )
500
100
100
68
100
11
6,856
8
10
Girls' boarding 5
Yakama Agency
Agency boarding
WISCONSIN.
Green Bay Agency :
Menomonee boarding
Oneida East day
350
3<>0
200
100
30
40
158
65
34
43
34
26
27
25
86
138
'
39
14
21
18
21
12
11
45
158
63
28
31
27
22
16
17
61
10
10
10
10
10
2
9
10
10
7,848
4,173
300
450
300
50
275
450
450
9
8
1
20
10
Oneida West No. 1, day
....
Oneida West No 2 day
25
30
....
Oneida West No. 3 day
Cornelius day
25
"W
Stockbridge day
30
50
Hobart Ch. Mission day
60
La Pointe Agency
i50
Bayfleld day
140
123
52
38
21
49
43
48
21
57
23
53
22
15
12
22
20
28
13
9
10
68
27
25
17
24
25
28
16
32
19
10
10
9
5
2
10
9£
8
12
(b)
(&)
(6)
<&>
450
2,200
3
1
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
dSO
Red Cliff day
60
60
1,178
Lac Court d'Oreilles day
Pahquauhwong day
150
24
24
....
Round Lake day
35
Bad River Mission day
110
45
50
....
Odanah Mission day
"eoo"
803
480
Fon d ii Lac day
45
125
47
::::
30
50
40
---•
Vermillion Lake (Bois Fort)
day.
Grand Portage day
a Most of this is for the support of a mission with which the school is connected.
6 Not reported.
STATISTICS OF INDIAN SCHOOLS.
Indian education — Continued.
279
Produce raised
(bushels).
Melons and pumpkins.
t
i
H
Stock owned.
Number of pounds of butter
made.
Number of Indians who can
read.
Number who have learned
to read during the year.
:
Industries taught.
1
'd
rt .
•j?
•a
|l
Vegetables.
|l
w
| Cattle.
<D
|
'£
02
Domestic
fowls.
300
90
Carpentering, gardening,
farming, &c,
Cooking, housework, gar-
dening, and sewing.
5Housework, sewing, and
1 knitting.
^Painting, glazing, carpen
( tering, and farming.
Fannwork, carpentering,
• sewing, and housework.
Gardening and cutting
wood.
Gardening, use of carpen-
ters' tools, housework,
and sewing.
(Housework,carpentering,
) and farmwork.
(Farming, carpentering,
1 and shoemaking.
Housework, farming, car-
pentering and black-
smithing.
c Farmin g. carpentering,
? type-setting, sewing,
f and housework.
Farming, blacksmithing,
carpenter and wagon
making, harness mak-
ing, sewing, housekeep-
ing.
Gardening, housework,
sewing.
Knitting, sewing, and
fancy work.
Fancy work, knitting, and
sewing.
Gardening and house-
work.
Sewing and knitting.
Farming.
Sewing and housework.
•-{
500 el .6o
300 \ 163
1,6006^,00
2,500 F3°
4
20
10
60
20
100
24
150
150
300
65
63
18
360
45
32
1 160
U
"62
40
33
107
48
131
19
12
8
20
13
28
e!5?
450 $
<?50?
3005
100
850
1,525
900
20
40
50
6
3
25
32
24
350
5
288
6
11
15
75
300
350
50
60
25
4,750
507
300
100
2
12
4
350
800
50
70
75
4
165
80
15
25
1
250
15
166
1,285
60
2
9
2
30
65
50
44
18
42
12
c Belonging to Squakson and Nisqually Reservation.
d Cultivated by mission with Indian help.
e Wheat.
280
STATISTICS OF INDIAN SCHOOLS.
Table]pf statistics relating to
Number
Number
attending
3
1
1
1
who can be
school one
a
1
Cost of
>
accommo-
dated in
month or
more dur-
d
a .
3§
maintaining
schools.
0)
43
"3 .
g
schools.
ing the
CB
*'a
"S i
Name of agency and school.
1
year.
'd
""•3
•0
S w
3
a
^
•
o Fi
CS *
O
fee
ti
as
^
° s
0,0
Ji—t
5
g>
1
^
||
1
g
|
e?
§
£
1
|
s
p
II
a
p
CO
W
Q
M
p
.•«
H
H
«
WYOMING.
1
Shoshone Agencv ---
407
80
20
36
§
16
97
114 *4 S73
g
51
PENNSYLVANIA.
Carlisle Training School
400
578
421
472
10
74, 093
$16, 509
35
155
VIRGINIA.
Hampton Normal and Agricult-
ural Institute.
140
132
120
132
10
16, 700
9,800
14
20
OREGON.
Forest Grove Indian Training
150
166
152
155
12
30 447
15
156
NEBRASKA.
150
133
85
107
g
19 303d
16
202
INDIAN TERRITORY.
Chilocco industrial boarding
150
18R
169
179
5i
19,996d
113
15
15
a "Wheat. & From Report of 1883.
c Indian pupils work with other pupils on school farm of 100 acres ; no separate record kept of pro-
duce raised by Indian labor or of stock used for benefit of Indians.
STATISTICS OF INDIAN SCHOOLS.
281
Indian education — Continued.
1
§
•8 .
C tj
Produce raised
(bushels).
|
Stock owned.
,£>
0
o
•
'^ <B
g
^ •
a, .
j5 W)
1
H
11
* fl
^'S
Industries taught.
S&
S
1
-O
CO
a
j?
o
li
6
?»
S^
•3
1
•s
1
?•§
ll
*J
1
£
"c
i
£s
53
.9
^
S«
s
p
So
S-S
O
3
H
w
0
p
fc
fc
i2*
9
3
.
a75
60
15
2
14
....
19
Farming, fencing, dairy-
ing, sewing, housework.
750
1 30o£
820
28
9
30
500
528 j 692
"Wagon-making, harness,
making, painting, print
ing, tinning, ahoemak'
mg, carpentering, tail-
oring, baking, farming,
sewing, housework, &o.
(c)
(c)
(c)
(e)
(e)
80
3, 200
400
25
7
10
166
60
Houshold work carpen-
tering, wagon-making,
shoemaking, black-
smithing. printing, and
farming.
6,000
2,000
1,200
50
6
oo
18
/ _\
(e)
Sewing housework farm-
ing, carpentering, brick-
making, care of stock.
20
107
55
15
425
(e)
(e)
Farming, painting, car-
pentering, housework,
sewing, dairying.
dA. large part of this sum was used in fitting up the building and in other expenditures preliminary
to opening the school.
0 Not reported.
282
STATISTICS OF INDIAN SCHOOLS
AGGREGATE OF FOREGOING TABLE.
1
*«
cf!o"ifT ttTtfft-'aT cTafoo as'e^fof <N~Tjr,-r<N"'ad' r-TecT r-T i-T o" T-T?o~cD~
CO Ift t^ —> ^ <N ,-( CO rH
a An under estimate, several tribes not being reported.
6 Only partially reported.
it
11
1 i"5 § I!*
^^ ::::::::::::: : : : : ::::::
§"?0~ tO INlrf"
C<l
*
)n or near
ther res-
rvations.
| pSi
.-gTt-T rfu? rT
TJ
If
• ^Tod-rH-
S-
, c
is
rr-T r-T
,g ;
:
e during the year
ing the year
;
3ligious societies, $21,541
P
I
: <-•
'S
& il
p4
3
1
jg
population, exclusive of five civilized tn
r who can be accommoflated in boarding
r who can be accommodated in day schi
r of boardin g schools
r of day schools
r of pupils attending boarding schools 01
r of pupils attending day schools one me
e attendance
i average monthly attendance
maintaining schools :
Government '.
religious societies
Stateof New York
r of Indians who can read
r who have learned to read during the y
r of acres cultivated by school children .
r of bushels of corn raised
r of bushels of wheat raised . .
r of bushels of oats raised . .
r of bushels of vegetables raised
r of melons and pumpkins raised ....
r of bushels of fruit raised
hay cut
of butter made
of cheese made
wned :
ses ...
;3
2
:h
Domestic fowls
Five civilized tribes:
Number who can be accommodated in schot
Number of boardin »• schools. . .
Number of dav schools...
Number of pupils attending boarding schoo
Number of pupils attending day schools . . .
Cost of maintaining schools— to' Five Natior
llllHI gl-jpsss J i|| ^
SJ.8®||,2|
284 POPULATION, SOURCES OF SUBSISTENCE,
Table of statistics relating to population, industries, and sources of subsistence of
Name of agency and tribe.
Population.
Number of
Indians who
wear citizens'
dress.
Number of Indians who can speak
English.
1
1
1
«M
O
1
*
Number of
Indian families
engaged—
|
4
&
A
In agriculture.
In civilized pursuits.
ARIZONA.
Colorado River Agency.
Mohave
813
212
4.800
574
7,300
3,600
225
{ 800
1,300
374
50
48
80
960
C 115
1 1,260
750
20
Pima, Maricopa and Papago Agency,
Pirna
3,500
200
7,300
I
25
} 20
4
PEDaffO
San Carlos Agency.
White Mountain Apache
10
Chiricahua
500
300
Apache Yuma
Apache Tonto
1
Apache Mohave .. . .
600
a620
a930
a700
a214
509
318
731
778
1,120
154
165
32
215
Indians in Arizona not under an agent.
Hualapai
BoDTtai
|
CALIFORNIA.
Hoopa Valley Agency.
Hoopa
509
1 2, 400
1
I 599
143
200
100
500
70
11
150
76
36
80
200
a75
27
135
100
a29
2
Mission Agency.
Serran os
500
Dieguenos . . ...
Coanuila
San Luis Key
Round Valley Agency.
Concou .
Little Lake
Red Wood
Ukle
Wylackie
Potter Valley
10
23
143
0540
a!2
al93
Pitt River
Tule River Agency.
Tule and Tejon
Wichumni, Keweah, and King's River . . .
Indians in California not under an agent, (a
Indian s in —
El Dorado County
Mendocino County
ol, 240
al, 037
rom Rep
oF
ort for 1883.
RELIGIOUS AND VITAL STATISTICS.
285
various Indian tribes, together with religious and vital statistics.
Number of male Indians who un-
dertake manual labor in civilized
pursuits.
Per cent, of
subsistence ob-
tained by —
Number of Indian apprentices.
Number of Indians who have allot-
ments
Number of houses occupied by
Indians.
Number of houses built for Indians
during the year.
Number of houses built by Indians
during the year.
Religious.
Vital.
1 Number of church buildings.
Number of missionaries.
Amount con-
tributed by re-
ligious societies.
Number of Indians who have
received medical treatment
during the year.
tj 1 Number of births.
1
17
Indian labor in civilized
pursuits.
Hunting, fishing, root-
gathering, <fec.
Issue of Government
rations.
For education.
For other purposes.
5 400
> 75
2,400
287
3,650
J 33
100
100
100
30
50
17
1
449
1
2
6
764
16
4
10
60
1 817
31
165
600
0150
62
33
98
84
50
33
1
8
25
34
1
8
25
2
136
40
114
39
7
310
900
6
100
29
7
S
50
23
7
14
1
135
17
3
60
286
POPULATION, SOURCES OF SUBSISTENCE,
Table of statistics relating to population, industries, and sources of subsistence of
Name of agency and tribe.
Population.
Number of
Indians who
wear citizens'
dress.
NunVber of Indians who can speak
English.
Number of Indians who can read.
Numl
Indian
enga
i
'p
<3
bC
05
5
1 Mil
In civilized pursuits. 1 £2,
Wholly.
«j
1
3*
CALIFORNIA— Continued.
Indians in California, <&c. — Continued.
Indians in —
o47
al57
a2l
a330
a353
a224
a!62
a339
a522
a508
a91
a64
a!2
a272
a98
a774
a64
a!9
«22
a4
a!5
a!8
a32
a39
991
224
788
1,382
750
1,098
1,424
V 864
544
347
311
7,800
500
•
Nevada County ,
Klamaths —
COLORADO.
Southern Ute Agency.
Muache, Capote, and "Weeminuche Utes . .
DAKOTA.
Cheyenne River Agency.
Blackfeet Sioux
75
1 2, 500
150
138
864
I 250
| 800
400
644
948
100
24
125.
9
16
3
35
200
24
650
169
91
172
100
100
4
650
200
168
195
230
900
450
21
22
10
30
100 •
Two Kettle Sioux . ......... -.
Crow Creek and Lower Brule Agency.
Devils Lake Agency.
Cut Head Sioux
150
3,200
Fort Berthold Agency.
Mandan
Pine Ridge Agency.
Ogalaila Sioux
Northern Chevenne. . -
a From report 1883.
RELIGIOUS AND VITAL STATISTICS.
287
various Indian tribes, together with religious and vital statistics — Continued.
Number of male Indians who un-
dertake manual labor in civilized
pursuits.
Per cent, of
subsistence ob-
tained by-
r Number of Indian apprentices.
1
Number of Indians who have allot-
ments.
Number of houses occupied by
Indians.
Number of houses built for Indians
during the year.
Number of houses built by Indians
during the year.
Religious.
Vital.
1 Number of church buildings.
Number of missionaries.
Amount con-
tributed by re-
ligious societies.
Number of Indians who have
received medical treatment
during the year.
Number of births.
Number of deaths.
Indian labor in civilized
pursuits.
ll
it
I
Issue of Government
rations.
For education.
"'
For other purposes.
z
15
800
850
337
205
400
1,800
' 100
1
490
206
253
207
220
.
725
303
1,725
1,024
539
551
906
5,013
35
123
59
12
40.
10
63
27
72
35
11
42
43
100
20
25
15
85
10
9
10
5
70
66
75
10
100
75
1
14
17
1
2
100
300
241
1
150
37
35
33
6
175
5
3
4
2
1
1
3
2
2
$5, 038
$2,716
836
1
2
945
500
124
288 POPULATION, SOURCES OF SUBSISTENCE,
Table of statistics relating to population, industries, and sources of subsistence of
Name of agency and tribe.
£
Number of
Indians who
wear citizens'
dress.
Number of Indians who can speak
English.
0
A
*
"Q
a
H
*H
0
1
1
to
Number of
Indian families
engaged —
l
i
*
a
^
In agriculture.
•
In civilized pursuits.
DAKOTA— Continued.
Rosebud Agency.
Brule Sioux No. 1
2,102
1,493
1,558
1,161
453
429
184
568
•7,948
75
100
900
100
Brule Sioux No 2
Loafer Sioux
Two Kettle Sioux
Northern Sioux ... ..
Bulldosi' Sioux
Mi-xWl Sinn-r i
Sisseton Agency.
Sisseton and W^ahpeton Sioux
Standing Rock Ageney.
Lower Yanktounais Sioux
1,347
631
654
1,976
113
1,950
0400
I
462
1,090
814
1,310
600
3,905
2.366
I 1,500
875
3,221
725
75
320
210
680
1,140
450
10
300
Upper Yanktonnais Sioux
Blackfeet Sioux . . .
TJncapapa Sioux
Mixed Mood of above bands
Yankton Agency.
Yank ton Sioux
Indians in Dakota not under an agent.
Turtle Mountain baud of Pembina Chip-
pewa
IDAHO.
Fort Hall Agency.
Bannack
200
40
1,010
110
70
280
45
16
270
19
1
170
230
33
315
18
50
Shoshone .
Lemhi Agency.
Shoshone Bannack and Sheepeater
Nez Perce Agency.
Nez Perce
Indians in Idaho not under an agent.
INDIAN TERRITORY.
Cheyenne and Arapaho Agency.
Cheyenne
315
323
3,590
2.043
225
262
225
204
81
96
277
131
Aranaho...
a From Keport for 1883.
RELIGIOUS AND VITAL STATISTICS.
289
various Indian tribes, together with religious and vital statistics — Continued.
P s
Per cent,
subsistenc
tained b}
of
sob-
1
Pi
1
•3
!
1
Number of Indians who have allot-
ments.
Number of houses occupied by
Indians.
Number of houses built for Indians
during the year.
Number of houses built by Indians
during the year.
Religious. Yital.
Number of male Indians wh
dertake manual labor in civ
pursuits.
Number of church buildings.
Number of missionaries.
Amount con-
tributed by re-
igious societies.
«H|
Ml
00
•3
1
45
42
132
53
Indian labor in civilized
pursuits.
g .
1
Issue of Government
rations.
For education.
For other purposes.
Number of Indiz
have received
treatment during
Number of births.
700
25
75
20
50
5
25
10
70
2
17
4
650
77
200
3
5
2
5
5
3
4
5
1
$560
$3,255
1,726
2,000
1,898
2,143
3,000
1,450
1,287
63
167
96
1,500
400
-70
50
6
5
480
360
80
10
800
9,233
295
330
50
35
95
30
15
5
20
50
1
17
16
356
200
500
52
27
46
13:
2
198
4
3
3
1,200
2,200
532
491
50
50
50
50
10
3
5
7
1
2
3
$5,743
4266 IND 19
290 POPULATION, SOURCES OF SUBSISTENCE,
Table of statistics relating to population, industries, and sources of subsistence of
Name of agency and tribe.
Population.
Number of
Indians who
wear citizens'
dress.
Number of Indians who can speak
English.
Number of Indians who can read.
Number of
Indian families
engaged—
>>
1
1
a
In agriculture.
In civilized pursuits.
INDIAN TERRITORY— Continued.
Kiowa, Comanche, and Wichita Agency.
lOowa
1,152
1,382
308
209
40
163
79
165
74
555
1,570
245
150
274
1,142
560
287
225
284
71
60
140
94
53
122
445
720
500
326
88
340
240
6,000
18, 000
23, 000
14, 000
3,000
354
Report,
• 325
i~
9
100
18
23
225
284
71
60
140
94
53
122
^ 500
)
6,000
18, 000
23, 000
14, 000
3, 000
10
1883.
650
295
265
300
120
132
350
475
39
(a)
10
14
145
250
65
46
98
60
20
120
1,000
65, 000
612, 000
618, 000
610, 000
6800
250
248
265
33
(a)
53
45
79
175
19
40
72
24
17
97
210
(c)
790
500
40
200
70
95
11
20
12
2
10
30
11
2
300
61,500
64, 500
63, 800
63, 000
6800
75
given.
32
50
Wichita
Wacoe
Towaconie
Kerchiw
Penetheka Conianche ... ...
Caddo
Osage Agency.
Kaw
3
Ponca -
Nez Perc6
Quapaw Agency.
Seneca
1
5
3
Wyandotte •
Eastern Shawnee .
Miimis (Western)
Peoria
1
Modoc
Ottawa
Sac and Fox Agency.
400
20
6200
6250
6300
6250
617
Absentee Shawnee *"*
Pottawatomie (citizen)
Iowa . *
Mokohoko band Sac and Fox wandering in
Otoe
Union Agency.
Chickasaw . .. . .
Choctaw
Creek
200
IOWA.
Sac and Fox Agency.
200
cNol
a Unknown. l>
RELIGIOUS AND VITAL STATISTICS.
various Indian tribes, together with religious and vital statistics — Continued.
291
Number of male Indians who un-
dertake manual labor in civilized
pursuits.
Per cent, of
subsistence ob-
tained by —
Number of Indian apprentices.
Number of Indians who have allot-
ments.
£
j
1
ll
tt
— —
V
!
ft
Number of houses built for Indians
during the year.
Number of houses built by Indians
during the year.
Religious.
Vital.
Number of church buildings.
1
I
<3
!
&
i
Amount con-
tributed by re-
ligious societies.
Number of Indians who have
received medical treatment
during the j'ear.
«
1
o
1
fc
27
106
22
58
41
7
4
3
3
4
3
6
2
3
90
4
CM
O
1
fc
Indian labor in civilized
pursuits.
,£
!k
1!
•
tas
£&
§
w
Issue of Government
rations.
For education.
Forotherpurposes.
825
800
10
(a)
6
75
12
2
3
1
10
31
9
2
100
20
100
50
75
50
25
100
100
100
100
100
50
100
100
5J
100
100
100
100
100
75
5
75
2
3
1
21
380
6
1
1
1,925
719
625
1.805
532
416
190
210
44
40
110
90
40
85
500
80
172
13
72
18
5
6
6
6
6
7
8
4
6
60
23
5*0
4
(at
5
20
50
75
4
4
60
80
60
83
18
193
40
36
49
47
29
27
30
300
61, 250
64, 000
65, 000
63, 000
61, 000
645
""i»"
2
i
(d)
(e)
2
1
2
1
1
(/)
50
7
2
1
1
22
1
1
1
620
640
664
645
69
2
3
615
624
634
615
65
?,
(/)
25
25
100
65, 000
--"'-
1
$1, 200
3,700
8,700
6,711
64, 500
5
25
7
10
•
dFuiuU to erect church building, amount not stated.
rch building, amount not stated. e Supply of clothing and booke.
/Contributions of books and papers for Sunday school.
292 POPULATION, SOURCES OF SUBSISTENCE,
Table of statistics relating to population, industries, and sources of subsistence of
N ame of agency and tribe.
Population.
Number of
Indians who
wear citizens'
dress.
Number of Indians who can speak
English.
n3
•
£
I
o
o
1
i
H
O
0>
,Q
a
3
fc
Number of
Indian families
engaged —
£
a
M
In agriculture.
In civilized pursuits.
KANSAS.
Pottawatomie and Great Nemaha Agency.
Pottawatomie .
432
243
66
92
143
77
2,500
1,000
6,000
948
601
214
1,069
1,479
82
894
2,300
3,226
133
986
615
1,150
1,000
1,195
3,542
423
205
205
164
66
18
80
77
1 9, 500
V 1, 638
100
\ 400
120
70
280
210
54
56
120
50
4,000
297
30
18
165
78
35
34
105
55
5,000
305
40
22
101
86
Chippewa and Munsee
Sac and .Fox of Missouri
35
30
40
15
6
400
122
200
300
Iowa
MICHIGAN.
Mackinac Agency.
Pottawatomie of Huron
8
900
35
Chippewa of Saginaw, Swan Creek, and
Black River
Chippewa of Lake Superior
125
969
1,161
Ottawa and Chippewa
MINNESOTA.
White Earth Agency.
Mississippi Chippewa
Otter Tail Pillager Chippewa
Pembina Chippewa
Red Lake Chippewa
Pillager Chippewa Leech Lake
Mississippi Chippewa ...
Mississippi Chippewa at Mille Lac
MONTANA.
Slackfeet Agency.
Piegans
10
60
\ 400
} 75
[ 400
1
2,290
140
1,100
100
800
8
42
250
16
42
160
12
76
40
236
93
100
875
Grow Agency.
Crows
Flathead Agency.
Hatheads ... .
40
Pend d'Oreilles
"Koot'PTlftiS
Fort Belknap Agency.
Gross Yentre
.Assinaboinfli
40
Fort Peck Agency.
Assinaboine
Tanctonais Sioux
San tee Sioux
Ogallalla and Teton Sioux . .
RELIGIOUS AND VITAL STATISTICS.
293
various Indian tribes, together ivith religious and vital statistics — Continued.
Number of male Indians who un-
dertake manual labor in civilized
pursuits.
Per cent, of
subsistence ob-
tained by-
Number of Indian apprentices.
Number of Indians who have allot-
ments.
Number of houses occupied by
Indians.
Number of houses built for Indians
during the year.
Number of houses built by Indians
during the year.
•
Religious.
Vital.
Number of church buildings.
Number of missionaries.
0>-*s
Amount con- | a §
Iributedbyre- •* 8
ligious societies. \s H
f £
*.££ 1 Number of births.
Number of deaths.
Indian labor in civilized
pursuits.
Hunting, fishing, root-
gathenug, &c.
Issue of Government
rations.
For education.
I
1
Number of Indians
received medical t
during the year.
101
70
75
75
25
25
124
76
4
240
170
26
9
40
a
i
35
15
25
4,000
211
300
100
45
80
100
70
40
67
121
55
20
11
30
20
2,500
230
25
20
6
10
2
5
8
2
6
2,500
37
30
60
25
75
200
27
4
6
4
2
5
4
$1,000
6,792
1,029
-
1
2
$72
1,306
1,015
50
19
16
8
41
17
15
8
121
3
3
250
500
360
250
400
18
10
75
67
75
15
20
22
67
70
3
33
25
3
4
60
200
52
152
150
240
32
50
5
1
19
90
150
1,615
1 600
46
247
1
2
6,000
342
900
2,422
96
35
200
60
26
410
3
5
3,387
1,450
294 POPULATION, SOURCES OF SUBSISTENCE,
Table of statistics relating to population, industries, and sources of subsistence of
Name of agency and tribe.
Population.
Number of
Indians who
wear citizens'
dress.
Number of Indians who can speak
English.
Number of Indians who can read.
Number of
Indian families
engaged—
j>>
I
£
In agriculture.
In civilized pursuits.
NEBRASKA.
Santee and Flandreau Agency.
Ponca
174
806
250
1,205
1, 167
3,580
600
836
a3, 300
900
890
17, 200
ol, 813
9,200
793
86
all
1,310
45
166
04
a!4
172
80
298
al
70
937
557
419
42
3,100
a Repor
87
806
250
600
300
1 4, 000
87
10
200
6
350
350
800
75
10
375
150
110
175
28
25
35
186
50
300
240
110
30
" *16
150
10
80
21
Santee Sioux
Santee Sioux at Flandreau
Winnebago and Omaha Agency.
'Winnebacro •• •
300
150
180
NEVADA.
Nevada Agency.
Pi-Ute . . .
Pah-TJte
Western Shoshone Agency.
Indians wandering in Nevada
a2, 750
I *
400
NEW MEXICO.
Mescalero and Jicarilla Agency.
Mescalero Apache
1,786
10, 000
12
50
20
25
432
3,200
1,300
Navajo Agency.
Navajo . . ..
Pueblo Agency.
Pueblo . . .
175
V 890
1 1,539
172
80
V 371
a937
557
| 461
3,100
t, 1883.
9,025
75
600
900
172
d50
230
a700
300
300
2, 600
150
350
650
100
a20
120
225
200
1,000
1,000
179
200
20
a25
alOO
a!35
125
100
310
500
15
50
NEW YORK.
New York Agency.
Allegany Reserve s Onondaga
( Tonawanda
{Seneca
Onandaga
Tuscarora
Tonawanda
Oneida Reserve Oneida
Cornplanter Reserve Seneca
C Onondaga
(Oneida
Saint Regis Saint Regis
Tonawanda Reserve Toiiawanda band
of Seneca
Tuscarora Reserve . . . . { Tuscarora
15
} Onondaga
NORTH CAROLINA.
Eastern Cherokee in North Carolina, Geor-
RELIGIOUS AND VITAL STATISTICS.
295
various Indian tribes, together with religious and vital statistics — Continued.
o'g
P §
o3
Per cent, of
subsistence ob-
tained by —
Number of Indian apprentices.
Number of Indians who have allot-
ments.
fei
pfl
3
•&
3
W
§
ii
I!
"8
1
£ .
Number of houses built for Indians
during the year.
Number of houses built by Indians
during the year.
Religious.
Vital.
Number of male Indians wh
dertake manual labor in civ
pursuits.
MU,M 1 Number of church buildings.
Number of missionaries.
Amount con-
tributed by re-
ligious societies.
Number of Indians who have
received medical treatment
during the year.
00
JS
g
3
CfH
0
1
p
£•
4
34
8
73
61
180
15
1
<M
1
&
1
37
9
18
12
140
11
Indian labor in civilized
pursuits.
^>
£4
§g
«'C
<B
n
*«
p
w
Issue of Government
rations.
For education.
For other purposes.
85
162
119
300
250
900
70
100
93
95
98
95
75
30
195
48
150
150
14
12
5
• 7
'3
2
1
89
553
700
302
266
1,187
2
5
2
5
20
25
5
6
6
6
1
]27
250
300
300
600
$21, 077
$4, 340
20
2
1
20
3
3
1
1
2,014
5
75
50
100
25
25
1
250
2,000
150
600
25
400
4,700
20
342
ol, 900
208
250
35
a20
95
a!26
130
108
310
Located i
20
1
6,000
a250
450
a45
a25
a!50
a200
196
100
500
95
90
90
100
0100
100
alOO
90
95
98
4
10
10
1
10
10
100
|
5
10
19
1
3
1
ID
1
1
1
100
100
a465
400
36
54
3
06
10
200
46
61
5
08
12
1,100
10
1
4
2
a2
3
30
10
5
2
10
n Aris
2
5
10
ona.
2
2
8
1
75
50
18
6
32
8
....
989
i]
296 POPULATION, SOURCES OF SUBSISTENCE,
Tablt of statistics relating to population, industries, and sources of subsistence of
Name of agency and tribe.
Population.
Number of
Indians who
wear citizens'
dress.
Number of Indians who can speak
English.
Number ot [Indians who can read.
Number of
Endian families,
engaged—
!
I
In agriculture.
In civilized pursuits.
OREGON.
Grand Ronde Agency.
Clackama . .
54
63
131
438
707
«98
a55
a68
a83
a73
a20
al!4
a40
a33
a37
a44
a46
a53
a40
a37
a53
a18
a85
240
340
150
427
261
74
52
5
a800
19
78
a 290
I 686
{ 1, 023
• 997
\ 200
I 700
600
595
600
150
40
70
151
135
42
80
200
120
120
400
140
3
150
£0
200
75
Remnants of other tribes ......
Klamath Agency.
Klamath . . .
Modoc
Snake
Siletz Agency.
Alsea
Chasta Costa
Chetco
Tootootna
Coos
TJmpqua
Coquill
Euchre
Galise Creek
530
119
Joshua
Klamath
Sixes
Neztucca
Rogue River
Salmon River ...
Siuslaw
Umatilla Agency.
Walla Walla
Cayuse
Umatilla
Warm Springs Agency.
Warm Spring
Wasco
Tenino
John Day
Pi-Ute
Indians in Oregon not under an Agent.a
TEXAS.
Tonkawa Special Agency.
Lipan
1
97
60
1
12
Tonkawa ,
Indians in Texas not under an Agent.
Alabama, Cushatta, and Muskokee . . .
a Report, 1883.
RELIGIOUS AND VITAL STATISTICS.
various Indian tribes, together with religious and vital statistics — Continued.
297
Number of male Indians who un-
dertake manual labor in civilized
pursuits.
Per cent, of
subsistence ob-
tained by-
Number of Indian apprentices.
Number of Indians who have allot-
ments.
Number of houses occupied by
Indians.
Number of houses built for Indians
during the year.
Number of houses built by Indians
during the year.
Religious.
Vital.
«
be
_B
2
'3
,5
|
1
0
1
j_
2
1
1
1
%
1
0
4
Amount con-
tributed by re-
ligious societies.
Number of Indians who have
received medical treatm ent
during the year.
1 Number of births.
1 Number of deaths.
Indian labor in civilized
pursuits.
1
« C
II
1
Issue of Government
rations.
For education.
For other purposes.
320
270
200
150
200
100
67
C2i
75
62J
2
2
1
686
201
136
182
29
100
40
10
23
5
5
$250
$875
30
12*
25
37*
3
25
363
550
400
1,049
40
28
20
40
38
31
14
25
300
9
6
1
1
2
50
50
3
4
298 POPULATION, SOURCES OF SUBSISTENCE,
Table of statistics relating to population, industries, and sources of subsistence of
Name of agency and tribe.
Population.
Number of
Indians who
wear citizens'
dress.
Number of Indians who can speak
English.
Number of Indians who can read.
Number of
Indian families
engaged—
f
A
In agriculture.
In civilized pursuits.
UTAH.
Ouray Agency.
TJte
1,250
528
531
a 134
a 256
670
333
330
400
315
685
400
487
510
250
106
84
64
120
116
565
142
205
128
401
230
500
150
85
175
275
3.120
10
I *
1,240
1,035
6
56
32
102
2
67
Uintah Valley Agency.
TTintah Ute
25
White River Ute
Indians in Utah not under an agent, (a)
Pah-Vant
Goship Ute
WASHINGTON.
Oolville Agency.
Colville
3,120
487
j 400
I 490
565
142
205
128
401
230
400
110
60
125
200
1.400
500
400
250
75
40
375
135
85
52
75
124
80
70
30
40
50
350
300
85
63
34
107
33
43
19
40
48
40
15
20
15
40
350
700
120
100
80
148
45
60
16
45
40
50
25
15
30
. 60
400
550
55
100
95
41
Lake
O'Kanagan
San Poel
Spokane
Calispel
CoBur d'A16ne
Nedh Bay Agency.
Makah
360
Quillehute
Quinaielt Agency.
Quinaielt
Qneet
Hoh
Chehalis and Gray's Harbor
Shoalwater Bay. -". ........
Nisqually and S'Kokomish Agency.
Pnyallup
Cbehalia
15
10
Squaxin
S'Klallamta.
S'Kokomian
Tulalip Agency.
Tulalip
100
40
25
50
75
1.100
50
20
5
20
40
Madison
Muckleshoot ......
Swinomish
I/ammi
Yakama Agency.
Takama, Klikitat, Pisquouse, Wenatsha-
pam. Seapcat. Pi-Ute. and others ...
a Report, 1883.
KELIGIOUS AND VITAL STATISTICS.
299
various Indian tribes, together with religious and vital statislics — Continued.
Number of male Indians who un-
dertake manual labor in civilized
pursuits.
Per cent, of
subsistence ob-
tained by-
1
1
a
.5
1
Indians who have allot-
ments.
£
"tt
&
"p.
p
il
5 5
r^M
houses In i It for Indians
irinu the year.
houses built Vy Indians
irin'i the year.
Religious.
Vital.
Number of church H'.iildinps.
1 Number of missionaries.
Aivount con-
1ii'.; :icd by re-
li^ioi. 6 societies.
Number of Indians who have
received medical tT'eatment
during the year.
rf
x
."5
IQ
<s
1
fc
32
36
Number of deaths.
Indian labor in civilited
pursuits.
5*
£ 1?
oc P
*n *£
E
«3
a es
r
w
Government
ions.
For education.
For other purposes.
f ft
0
'o'V
Number of
di
1
<D
1
e
J5
£
8
0
ft
Numbei
2
173
25
33J
75
33i
6
164
390
13
28
33*
12
1,250
175
200
177
195
66
75
50
75
62
200
75
35
100
150
90
100
75
75
95
100
88
88
83
100
75
75
75
75
75
90
10
35
28
18
500
130
34
51
254
35
35
26
61
38
65
25
15
40
75
800
148
20
7
6
2
12
3
$80
1,500
300
276
23
14
18
15
25
15
5
150
10
71
510
142
8
8
46
3
5
5
2
"i"
2
1
J
1,175
(255
i 70
29
21
4
7
6
16
3
12
4
5
10
5
10
4
13
12
28
12
25
3
"~5
10
12
12
17
>"
26
15
4
4
i
i
100
284
250
75
30
12
50
4
40
120
1
$10
641
12J
ill
11!
10
12i
12i
12|
•----•
2
3
8
10
100
i
i
i
i
4
3
3
3
I
8
100
200
500
600
300
POPULATION, SOURCES OF SUBSISTENCE,
Table of statistics relating to population, industries, and sources of subsistence of
Name of agency and tribe.
Population.
Number of
Indians who
wear citizens'
dress.
Number of Indians who can speak
English.
Number of Indians who can read.
Number of
Indian families
engaged—
>»
I
£
In agriculture.
In civilized pursuits.
WASHINGTON— Continued.
Indians in Washington Territory not under
an agent.
Moses' band on Columbia Reservation
WISCONSIN.
Green Say Agency.
Oneida
a!50
1,500
136
1,400
214
500
1,041
403
258
665
511
a930
«280
890
965
a892
a410
1,500
136
1,200
214
400
850
215
258
250
500
800
136
250
175
250
520
45
75
800
75
350
165
250
80
65
44
50
200
a30
175
Stockbridge - .......
200
25
La Point Agency.
Chi ppewa at Red Cliff .. .......
Chippewa at Bad River
100
191
135
135
30
25
20
10
22
22
Chippewa at Fond da Lac
415
11
Chippewa at Lac du Flambeau ..........
25
Indians in Wisconsin not under an agent.
Pottawatomie (Prairie band)
WYOMING.
Shoshone Agency.
| 100
400
15
9
20
10
Northern Araptiho . . .
MISCELLANEOUS.
Miami and Seminole in Indiana and Florida.
a Report, 1883.
RELIGIOUS AND VITAL STATISTICS.
301
various Indian tribes, together with religious and vital statistics — Continued.
Number of male Indians who un-
dertake manual labor in civilized
pursuits.
Per cent, of
subsistence ob-
tained by-
Number of Indian apprentices.
Number of Indians who have allot-
ments.
Number of houses occupied by
Indians.
Number of houses bnilt for Indians
during the year.
Number of houses built by Indians
during the year.
Keligious.
Vital.
Number of church buildings.
Number of missionaries.
Amount con-
tributed by re-
ligious societies.
Number of Indian s who have
received medical treatment
during the year.
Number of births.
1 Number of deaths.
Indian labor in civilized
pursuits.
-g
* o
**
33
3
£5 tiC
w
Issue of Government
rations.
For education.
For other p urposes.
775
65
703
100
100
75
100
300
30
200
102
102
152
2
16
10
10
2
1
1
86
4
78
20
2
30
26
10
17
12
62
6
62
13
27
50
8
7
12
22
25
3
9
\
500
4
40
200
157
40
8
50
13
1
2
2
1
1
1
5
2
200
157
34
130
50
125
95
85
95
50
40
50
5
15
5
50
60
50
12
$525
20
2
5
1
100
5
50
45
4
1
1
3,000
659
27
31
302 POPULATION, SOURCES OF SUBSISTENCE, ETC.
RECAPITULATION,
dumber of Indians in the United States exclusive of those in Alaska 264,369
Five civilized tribes in Indian Territory :
Number of Indiana who wear citizens' dress 64,000
Number of Indiaus who can speak English enough for ordinary conversation 45, 800
Number of families engaged in agriculture 13, 600
Number of families engaged in civilized pursuits 1, 017
Number of male Indians who undertake manual labor in civilized pursuits 9, 500
Number of houses occupied by Indians 14, 250
Number of church buildings ' 178
Number of missionaries 93
Other Indian tribes :
Number of Indians who wear citizens' dress wholly 82, 642
Number of Indians who wear citizens' dress in part 56, 012
Number of Indians who can speak English enough for ordinary conversation 25, 394
Number of Indians who can read 18,185
•Number of Indian families engaged in agriculture 24,451
Number of Indian families engaged in civilized pursuits 6,750
Number of male Indians who undertake manual labor in civilized pursuits 47, 553
Number of Indian apprentices, on reservations, 392; at Carlisle and Forest Grove, 231. 623
Number of Indians who have allotments 8, 278
Number of houses occupied by Indians 14,824
Number of houses built for Indians during the year 292
Number of houses built by Indians during the year ], 975
Number of church buildings 147
Number of missionaries 129
Number of Indians who have received medical treatment during the year 53, 774
Number of births , 4,069
Number of deaths . 3,787
Number of Indians killed during the year by Indians 29
Number of Indians killed during the year by whites 9
Number of white persons killed during the year by Indians 1
Number of Indian criminals punished during the year 403
Number of crimes against Indians committed by whites 73
Number of whites punished for crimes against Indians 11
Number of whisky sellers prosecuted during the year 200
Number of Indians killed by accident 10
Number of pounds of freight transported by Indian teams II, 337, 853
Amount earned thereby $74, 782 96
Amount contributed for education by religious societies $79, 259 00
Amount contributed for other purposes by religious societies $36, 288 00
304 STATISTICS OF STOCK OWNED, ACREAGE CULTIVATED,
Table showing agricultural improvements, stock, productions,
Name of agency and
tribe.
Lands.
Produce raised
"
Number of acres in reserve.
Number of acres tillable.
Number whites unlawfully
on reserve.
Number of acres occupied
by white intruders.
Number
acres culti-
vated
during the
year.
Number
acres
broken
during
the year.
Number of acres under
fence.
Bushels of wheat.
Bushels of corn.
By Government.
By Indians.
By Government.
By Indians.
ARIZONA.
Colorado River Agency.
Mohave ?
1300, 800
1181, 120
i?0, 080
12, 528, 000
180, 000
ill, 000
18, 000
1,600
10, 000
1900
C J900
i 1140
12, 000
1,250
300
1,000
6 500
}
j
600
125
330, 000
10, 000
4,000
1, 000
200
100
750
1,000
200
1,500
400
200
16, 000
275
Chemehuevis >
Pima, Maricopa, and
Papago Agency.
Pima ?
[
!>"
60
2,000
" i
12, 000
1,250
300
1,000
Maricopa 3
{
500
San Carlos Agency.
San Carlos, Mohave
Apache, Tuma
Apache, Tonto
Apache, White
Mountain Apache,
and Chiricahna as
4,464
10, 000
50
600
500
200
Moquis Pueblo Agency.
Moquis Pueblo 2
CALIFORNIA.
Hoopa Valley Agency.
Hoopa
189, 572
1152, 960
1102, 118
148, 551
il, 094, 400
131, 728, 640
1 From Re
250
150
2,600
520
220
110
1,000
000 pou
20
50
2,600
20
150
2,100
2,440
1,000
300
1,100
aiscd.
Mission Agency.
Seranos, Coahuilla
San Luis Key,
140
Bound Valley Agency.
Potter Valley, Ukie,
"Wylackie, Concow,
Little Lake, Red-
wood, Pitt River. ..
Tule River Agency.
Tule Tejon
12, 000
1250
18, 000
125, 000
port of 188
14
1,200
30
COLORADO.
Southern TJte Agency.
Muache, Capote, Wee-
110
udsl
460
lops r
DAKOTA.
Cheyenne River Agency.
Two Kettle, Sans Arc,
Mineconjou, and
Blackfeet Sioux
20
-'20,
6,000
3.
CROPS, AND OTHER RESULTS OF INDIAN LABOR. 305
and sources of subsistence of the different Indian tribes.
during the year by In- j
Uians.
Other results of Indian labor.
Stock owned by Indians.
>f oatg and barley.
4
§
J
jf vegetables.
1
ej
f butter made.
Feet of lumber sawed.
Cords of wood cut.
Kods of fencing made.
Value of robes and furs sold.
Horses.
1
O
4
.a
i
OJ
f
i
Domestic fowls*
Bushels
Bushels
Bushels
Tons of
Pounds e
200
50
20
10
300
150
85
25
14, 000
1,800
20,500
5,000
500
125
1,580
110
2
1
4
"i25
100
1,000
10
11
150
40
4,000
11, 000
25U
5,000
1,500
2 000
9,000
250
2,200
1,000
200
3,500
2,000
250
25
730
449
50
150
4,800
50
50
8,000
8,000
500
2,600
1,000
250
200
7,000
500
150
81
200
160
250
1,062
3
I500
500
4,000
1,160
500
1,500
160
100
1,350
120
1,200
5,000
)6lN
40
200
80
50
20
1,800
D
200
100, 200
250
1,000
300
$1, 000 00
6,550
1,500
600
200
200
100
42(
50
2,151
400
278, 000
80
3,000
2,200
10
50
1,600
1,350
100
12, 000 00
3,500
-20
306 STATISTICS OF STOCK OWNED, ACREAGE CULTIVATED,
Table showing agricultural improvements, stock, productions, and
Lands.
Produce raised
<>
t
^s
Kumber
Number | £
F
.
1
.£
acres culti-
acres
I'd
*
2
1
§• .
vated
broken
c
p
Name of agency and
tribe.
M
1
«|
§|
during the
year.
during
the year.
1
0!
g
-is
1-^
4*
a
-g
!§
1
a
o
1
cS
*
^^r-
's.-S
0
d
E
i
a
93
§
'o5^
P
^
o
1
to
1
a
IIs
1
CJ
1
(H
I
1
1
1
"a
i
1
j3
0
P
C3
h^
>-s
0
rj
D
fc
m
f2!
M
w
w
M
rn
w
D AKOT A— C ontinued.
Crow Creek and Lower
Brule Agency.
Lower Yanktonnais
Sioux
J620, 312
^00, 000 fi
31
839
239
733
5 200
a. son
Lower Brnl6 Sioux
64, 000
25
500
"56
60
425
' 750 1, 200
Devils Lake Agency.
Sisseton, Wahpeton,
and Cuthead Sioux. .
J230, 400
U50, 000
30
2,472
683
1,000
25, 240
3,940
fort Berthold Agency.
Arickaree, Gros Yen-
tre, and Mandan
12, 912, 000
»50, 000
5
.....
20| 870
200
785
8,000
6,250
Tine Ridge Agency.
Ogallalla Sioux and
jJTorth Cheyenne
75
20
345
20
325
9, 000
97
900
Hosebud Agency.
Horthern Brul6, Loaf-
er, Wahzahzah, Two
Kettle, and Bull Dog
Sioux .
1,300
20
580
1, 800
2,500
Sisseton Agency.
Sisseton and Wahpe-
ton Sioux ...
iQlg, 780
r!4, 000
40
4,500
10
350
Standing Rock Agency.
Upper and Lower
Yanktonnais, TJnca-
papa, and Blackfeet
Sioux
100
1,900
500
2,000
450
10, 000
Tankton Agency.
3TstQlitoii Sioux
1430, 405
'25, 000
20
2,696
260
480
13, 000
38, 600
IDAHO.
Fort Hall Agency.
Shoshene and Ban-
sack
U, 202, 330
'10, 000
300
33
598
210
1,400
3,000
15
Lemhi Agency.
Shoshon®, Bannack,
and Sheepeater .....
16, 400
»500
34
171
4
74
700
460
4
Nez PercJ Agency.
IKez Perc6 . ...
!746, 651
1300, ooo
15
5. 200
150
7. 450
30. 000
3,500
'From Eeportfor 1883.
CROPS, AND OTHER RESULTS OF INDIAN LABOR 307
sources of subsistence of the different Indian tribes — Continued.
during the year by In-
dians.
Other results of Indian labor.
Stock owned by Indians.
|
tfH
0
1
05
"3
PP
Bushels of vegetables.
Tons of hay cut.
Pounds of butter made.
1
I
Cords of wood cut.
Kods of fencing made.
Value of robes and furs sold.
Horses.
3
£
0
cc
p
I
P,
<D
1
Domestic fowls.
4,650
1,750
19, 758
€.000
200
100
300
4, 000
10, 400
8, 650
3,500
8,000
40
50
800
375
2,600
1,700
20, 850
7,500
6,250
3,400
400
25,500
4,150
7,500
395
10, 300
1,200
750
1,620
400
3,500
2,500
80
2,000
1,000
13
700
50
600
527
900
650
5,000
900
1,420
2,000
$100 00
365 00
600 00
3, 697 00
6, 000 00
2, 000 00
550
427
40
475
7,500
4,500
10
5
1,000
121
390
64
5,500
2,500
32
60
13
1,500
750
408
25
1,500
2,000
879
50, 000
18, 041
60, 000
240, 000
•
8
125
30
1,000
19, 200
100
300
100
5
500
2ft
200
500
100
200
150
1,000
1,000
1,000
500
500
100
1,200
500
450
18, 000 00
255 00
1, 400 00
275 00
300 00
2,000
711
2,800
1,200
14, 000
10
23
1,500
799
580
29
4,000
200
235
2,000
1,800
500
30
4,000
18, 000
13, 000
90,000
250
3,500
308 STATISTICS OF STOCK OWNED, ACREAGE CULTIVATED,
Table showing agricultural improvements, stock, productions, and
Name of agency and
tribe.
Lands.
Produce raised
Number of acres in reserve.
®
i
Q
1
fc
Number of whites unlaw-
fully on reserve.
Number of acres occupied
by white intruders.
Number
acres culti-
vated
during the
year.
Number
acres
broken
during
the year.
Number of acres under
fence.
Bushels of wheat.
8
«
1
By Government.
By Indians.
M
By Indians.
INDIAN TERRITORY.
Cheyenne and Arapa-
ho Agency.
14,297,771
13, 712, 503
»1, 570, 196
1101,894
1283, 02(
130, ooo
1346, 000
188, 000
""56,666
20
45
« 175
\ 622
3,500
7,851
679
1,850
504
137
1,467
"63
23
18
7,604
250
850
4,050
10, 755
1,058
400
1,279
40
2,400
6,000
4,500
1,140
3,300
8, 000
12, 000
135,<W
7,725
8,000
5,034
684
30, 000
4,000
35, 000
10, 500
4,000
28, 000
300
2,000
20, 200
1, 000, 000
2(K), 000
200, 000
175, 000
40, 000
5,000
Kiowa, Oomanche, and
Wichita Agency.
Kiowa, Comanche,
Apache, Wichita,
and affiliated bands .
Otage Agency.
Osage, Kaw, and Qua-
100
14
66
35
40
12
20
4,470
2,186
1,167
Ponca, Pawnee, ano
Otoe Agency.
Ponca
68
25
34
190 711
4,600
3,000
500
Quapaw Agency.
151, 958
150, 301
14, 040
121, 406
114, 860
156, 685
113, 048
il, 055, 544
15, 031, 351
13, 215, 49.
16, 688, 000
J4, (550. 925
1200, 000
il. 272
29, 958
40, 000
2,500
14, 000
10, 860
42, 000
6,088
1120, 000
J2, 500, 000
'1,000, 000
!3, 000, 000
2, 300, 000
170, ooo
1200
"MTi'im >
»
1, 550
14
48
Peoria 5
<
1, 800
480
1, 950
1,000
480
1,000
....
Modoc
Wyandotte
100
....
2(
2, 600
7,050
14, 640
1, 220
2,600
300, 000
100, 000
250, 000
200, 00(
40, 000
1.38C
9,000
1, 000
1, 600
3,000
125, 000
40, 000
80, 000
25, 000
10, 000
...
40
Eastern Shawnee
Sac and Fox Agency.
Sac and Fox of the
Mississippi, Iowa,
Absentee Shawnee,
Mexican Kickapoo,
and 1'ottawatoniie .
Union Agency.
17
150
60
2, 500
1,000
2,000
1,000
70
2,430
inn non
. 90. 000
....
130, 000
Chic ka saw
Semiiiole
IOWA.
Sac and Fox Agency.
Sac and Fox . .
235
1C
iFrom Report for 1883.
CROPS, AND OTHER RESULTS OF INDIAN LABOR. 309
sources of subsistence of the different Indian tribes — Continued.
during the year by In-
dians.
Other results of Indian labor.
Stock owned by Indiana.
Bushels of oats and barley.
Bushels of beans.
1
>
*s
1
&
Tons of hay cut.
Pounds of butter made.
Feet of lumber sawed.
Cords of wood cut.
Eods of fencing made.
Value of robes and furs sold.
Horses.
Mules.
Cattle.
o
a
*
02
!
OQ
Domestic fowls.
246
580
925
2,025
1, 335
200
250
90
1,040
550
750
325
1,600
312
155
608
1,150
150
200
20
4,000
686
100
296
300
500
1,200
500
100
500
1,000
420
250
280
75, 000
550
860
360
250
200
225
110
100
275
350
200
200
200
30
200
250
40
300
320
$90 00
120 00
1,263
1,017
9,500
3,443
254
20
16
225
350
2
8
*"io
6
2
10
3
9
1
""5
100
10, 000
10,000
5,000
1,500
70
1,179
515
7,200
9,772
1,008
250
6
193
250
300
800
88
450
200
30
75
6,800
250, 000
150, 000
170, 000
100, 000
40, 000
125
32
3,500
10, 789
92
150
16
150
330
6,000
848
4,000
130
600
16
50
10
450
15
165
350
45
50
99, 098
150, 000
70, 000
38, 959
13, 860
100, 000
2,460
200
1,300
"ioo'oo
25 00
179
189
140
125
312
60
150
40
30
48
4,800
25 000
3
1,700
1,000
14, 000
20
1,200
1,000
175
600
2,000
2,500
400
50
2,000
5,000
50
1,000
1,000
, 2l1
500
100
900
400
70
350
1,200
150, 000
50, 000
200, 000
120, 000
10, 000
40
2,000
1,000
1,800
700
3,000
2,000
300
500
900
400
"56," 666
15, 000
""56
20
10
50
5
15
18
40
20 00
3,000
2,400
" 3," 000
90
200, 000
30, 000
50, 000
30, 000
3,000
500
2,000
20
200
500
205
"~25 66
10 00
2, 500 00
"16," 666
""20
50, 000
10, 000
12, 000
8, 000
1,000
20, 000
20, 000
18, 000
4,000
600
800
1.100
80
200
1.000
500
310 STATISTICS OF STOCK OWNED, ACREAGE CULTIVATED,
Table shoiving agricultural improvements, stock, productions, and
Name of agency and
tribe.
Lands.
Produce raised
L
a
1
o
M
0
1
Number of acres tillable.
Number of whites unlaw-
fully on reserve.
Number of acres occupied
by white intruders.
Number
acres culti-
vated
during the
year.
Number
acres
broken
during
the year.
Number of acres under
fence.
•
Bushels of wheat.
Bushels of corn.
By Government.
'
By Indians.
• ; By Government.
By Indians.
KANSAS.
Pottawatomie and
Great Nemaha Ag'y.
Pottawatomie
177, 358
120, 273
116, 000
18, 014
14, 395
[ »66, 322
j
129, 119
HO, 136
U4, 500
17, 500
14, ooo
»65, 000
2,650
2,225
1 749
300
'456
3,000
2,500
4,900
2,900
1,220
2,000
120
500
250
4,500
1,500
200
8,000
300
70, 000
60, 000
55, 000
29, 000
9,930
15, 000
200
2,459
6,000
3,912
Kickapoo
....
Iowa
Sac and Fox of the
Missouri
Chippewa and Munsee
MICHIGAN.
Mackinac Agency.
Chippewa. of Saginaw,
Swan Creek, Black
River, ('hippewa of
Lake Superior, re-
siding on L ' A n s e
and Ontonagon Res-
ervation, and at
Munsing, Iroquois
Point, and various
other places
"~94
"790
980
479
4,000
75
....
35
500
Ottawa and Chippewa,
residing in Chippe-
wa, Mackinac, Che-
boygan, Delta, Em-
met, C harlevoix,
Leelenaw, Antrim,
Manistee, Grand
Traverse, Oceana,
Mason, Kent, Otta-
wa, and Muskegon
Counties ...
Pottawatomie
MINNESOTA.
White Earth Agency.
Chippewa at Leech
1414, 440
13, 200, 000
il, 091, 523
P21, 651, 200
14, 713, 000
il, 433, 600
1,000
114
300
4,583
10
340
2,500
Chippewa at Red Lake
Chippewa at White
Earth
25
5
10
6
50
935
1C
3,000
1,350
10, 615
266
500
j 3, 700
680
35, 304
MONTANA.
Blackfeet Agency.
Blackfeet, Blood, and
J2, 000, OOC
n, ooo, ooo
1400, ooo
Crow Agency;
Mountain and River
12
1,12
535
600
c 3, eoo
<18, 000
( 3, 000
500
37
430
60
Flathead Agency.
Flathead )
Pend d'Oreille J
Kootenai >
1 From Report for 1883.
CROPS, AND OTHER RESULTS OF INDIAN LABOR.
sources of subsistence of the different Indian tribes — Continued.
311
during the year by In-
diiana.
Other results of Indian labor.
Stock owned by Indians.
Bushels of oats and barley.
Bushels of beans.
i
!
1
•s
•
!
n
3,375
1,475
7,900
790
800
19, 200
625
4,600
3,250
28,284
250
Tons of hay cut.
Pounds of butter made.
Feet of lumber sawed.
Cords of wood cut.
Hods of fencing made.
Value of robes and furs sold.
Horses.
i
1
6
1
t
1
Jj
02
Domestic fowls.
3,000
8,000
1,500
1,600
610
15, 800
150
250
150
500
7,000
2,000
900
1,500
60
200
25
500
300
4,545
800
250
400
600
300
230
260
110
6,500
900
1, 600'
4,500
1 300
1,600
360
230
90
32
600
Q
. 17
""12
8
1,900
450
360
900
168
1,000
10
13
128
1,115
2'?2S
1,400
950
120
2,000
30
20
100
573
80
"ieo
4,50«
809
2,008
68«
1,000
500
100
20, 000
100
220
210
6,000
280
300
1.00C
3,000
40
10, 000 00
500
20
30, 000
50, 000
75, 000
48, 537
5, 000 00
2,391 26
2, 482 60
500 00
1, 100 00
5, 000 00
150
42
374
1,100
9,000
( 700
& 300
I 40C
8
5
250
i;;ir..
60
631
900
7,817
390
6,780
2,500
3
2f
2,473
25
34, 961
100
10,545
75
10
100
3C
2,150
1,420
8,170
, 2,490
71
12C
85(
14(
420
400
6,000
100
2,500
1.85C
2, 50C
160)
700
) 200)
460, 000
200
800
150
200
20
312 STATISTICS OF STOCK OWNED, ACREAGE CULTIVATED,
Table showing agricultural improvements, stock, productions, and
Name of agency and
tribe.
Lands.
Produce raised
Number of acres in reserve.
Number of acres tillable.
Number whites unlawfully
on reserve.
1 Number of acres occupied
by white intruders.
Number
acres culti-
vated
during the
year.
Number
acres
broken
during
the year.
Number of acres under
fence.
Bushels of wheat.
Bushels of corn.
-M
a
as
jjj
O
fr
By Indians.
By Government.
By Indians.
MONTANA— -Cont'd.
Fort Bellcnap Agency.
Gros Ventre and As-
10
8
50
60
20
30
250
540
6,700
2,000
( 1, 000
< 191
1 3, 357
600
250
} m
15, 000
25, 000
5,500
1
10
10
300
900
1,000
2,500
300
1,000
50, 000
14, 000
4,000
500
17, 500
50
8,350
220, 000
30, 000
4,000
Fort Peck Agency.
Assinaboine.Ogallalla,
Santee, Teton, and
Tanktonnais Sioux .
NEBRASKA.
Omaha and Winnebago
Agency.
Omaha
12, 000
3,000
1,200
1, 736^
12, 500
600
2,166
1143, 225
'lOO, 844
»115, 076
J322, 000
^IS, 815
ll, 000
»243, 200
»472, 320
'307, 200
!5, 468, 160
1906, 845
1140, 000
^100, 000
139, 400
15, 000
n, ooo
»!, 000
....
700
50
50
33J
Winnebago
Santee and Flandreau
Agency.
Flandreau (S ant eel
Sioux) (
Poncas of Dakota . . I
Santee Sioux J
};<
300
15
166
344
70
12
34
2,000
300
925
3,000
650
1,200
2,500
5,500
th of fii
NEVADA.
Nevada Agency.
Pah-Ute (Pyramid
Lake)....
Pah-Ute (Walker
River)
Pi-Ute (Moapa River).
Western Shoshone
Agency.
Shoshone and Gosh
Ute
NEW MEXICO.
ITeiealero and Jicarilla
Agency.
Mescal oro Apache
Jicarilla Apache
Navajo Agency.
21, 000
29, 000
3,500
h sold.
16, 000
132, 025
Pueblo Agency.
Pueblo
NEW YORK.
New York Agency.
Seneca, Onondago, and
Cayugaon Cattarau-
1 From Report for 1883.
* 840 pounds of flax raised.
£4,200 wor
CROPS, AND OTHER RESULTS OF INDIAN LABOR.
sources of subsistence of the different Indian tribes — Continued.
313
during the year by In-
diana.
Other results of Indian labor.
Stock owned by Indians.
BuHhels of oats and barley.
Bushels of beans.
Bushels of vegetables.
Tons of hay cut.
Pounds of butter made.
Feet of lumber sawed.
g
o
T)
«M
O
1
Kods of fencing made.
Value of robes and furs sold.
W*
Mules.
!
0
o5
a
1
;|
i
Domestic fowls.
250
15
50
1,000
600
725
900
13, 000
7,500
4,000
600
11, 150
960
270
1,600
800
6,000
16, 650
»84
25
300
1,500
300
700
500
2,700
400
200
100
500
400
400
300
320
$2, 000 00
1,200
1,800
1,600
900
70
200, 000
100, 000
50, 000
1
25
10
10
700
100
100
91
487
55
176
500
300
3,000
500
rflsh
4,000
500
3,500
687
19, 750
2,500
1,500
300
1,200
300
50
44
497
300
1,600
500
800
100
20
165
86
397
600
520
3,000
35, 000
6,000
250
,200 w
4
8
15
100
75
200
4
orth ol
500
600
(8)
100
<«)
600
400
43
250
200
2,500
1,500
1.
4,000
800
800
5
6,400
500
250 00
75 00
1, 000 00
500 00
3, 000 00
500 00
'*
2,138
200
1,598
300
500
1,000
1,500
61
50
100
2,000
1,000
50
1,000,000
20, 000
5 000
3,000
120
1,200
3poun
600
dsof fla
500
1,200
sold.
x raise
314 STATISTICS OF STOCK OWNED, ACREAGE CULTIVATED,
Table showing agricultural improvements, stock, productions, and
Name of agency and
tribe.
Lands.
Produce raised
1
I
S
.a
0
1
Number of acres tillable.
"d
|
1|
,0
a
&
Number of acres occupied
by white intruders.
Number
acres culti-
vated
during the
year.
Number
acres
broken
during
the year.
Number of acres tinder
fence.
1
f
OB
1
1
.2
By Government.
4
H
1
a
.0
o
M
M.
NEW YORK— Cont'd.
New fork Agency —
Continued.
Seneca and Oneida on
Tonawanda Reser-
vation
> 86, 366
J65, 211
'61, 440
»1, 056, 000
^25, 000
'268, 800
1 4Q4t 000
o report re
30, 350
5,000
10, 000
!20, 000
J2, 000
U50, 000
'1, 600
ceived.
105
80
850
700
...<
. . • .
25
4,000
5,200
200
3,500
400
4,000
5,200
200
3,500
2,500
2,500
800
250
3,000
7,500
6,000
1,500
450
6,000
Onondaga and Oneida
on Onondaga Reser-
vation
Seneca and Onondaga
on Allegany Reser-
Oneida on Oneida Res-
ervation
....
Tuscarora and Onon-
daga on Tuscarora
Reservation
Saint Regis on Saint
Regis Reservation*.
NORTH CAROLINA.
Eastern Cherokee
Special Agency.
Eastern Cherokee
OREGON.
Qrand Ronde Agency.
Molel, Clackama,
Rogue River, Wa-
pato, Umpqua, and
2,000
3,125
60
973
11, 990
! 2,000
iFrc
2,000
4,000
25, 000
2,600
13, 000
2,600
1883.
3,000
11,500
120
875
40, 000
4,000
10,000
25
10
18
20
m R
695
60
3,000
100
eport
Klainath Agency.
Klamath, Modoc, and
Yahooskin Snake. . .
Siletz Agency.
Rogue River, Tootoo-
tenay, and others . . .
Umatilla Agency.
Caynse, Umatilla, and
Walla Walla
12
45
10
20
5,000
900
Warm Spring t Agency.
Tenino, Warm
Springs, Wasco,
John Day, and Pi-
Ute
*B
CROPS, AND OTHER RESULTS OF INDIAN LABOR. 315
sources of subsistence of the different Indian tribes — Continued.
during the year by In-
dians.
Other results of Indian labor.
Stock owned by Indians.
Bushels of oats »nd barley.
Bushels of beans.
Bushels of vegetables.
1
1
o
03
Pounds of butter made.
i
PI
CM
O
1
Cords of wood cut.
8
1
1
1
s
1
0
0>
5
4
W
I
6
©
a
1
03
§*
C
&
1
1
a, 500
1,500
1,500
150
2,500
500
400
500
50
250
8,925
5,675
8,250
1,075
5,675
900
750
900
50
1,000
1,000
600
500
150
800
1,000
1,200
1,500
100
150
100
$200 00
300
145
120
150
15
185
150
350
40
150
350
400
600
75
175
650
650
750
500
50f
1,000
65
7,000
16, 040
250
22,130
18, 000
1,070
800
18
2,700
12, 000
50
28, 125
5,750
1,160
400
2,100
600
100 00
1, 600 00
1, 500 00
250 00
350
840
3,800
152
6,000
6,000
2
16
12
15
10
2,100
730
1,500
178
500
500
2,500
418
300
100
3,000
620
1,200
671
400
300
1,500
2,000
438
900
50
160, 000
800, 000
228, 540
37, 000
233, 500
3,100
4,800
500
2,000
25
2,125
3,000
2,401
16,000
1,500
20
50
3
144
360
30
38
500
350
500
25
1, 000 00
316 STATISTICS OF STOCK OWNED, ACREAGE CULTIVATED,
Table showing agricultural improvements, stock, productions, and
Name of agency and
tribe.
Lands.
Produce raised
Number of acres in reserve.
Number of acres tillable.
Number whites unlawfully
on reserve.
Number of acres occupied
by white intruders.
Number
acres culti-
vated
during the
year.
Number
acres
broken
during
the year.
Number of acres under
fence.
Bushels of wheat.
Bushels of corn.
1
1
o
By Indians.
By Government.
By Indians.
TEXAS.
Tonka w a Special
Agency.
Lipan and Tonkawa
3
104
259
14, 000
3
UTAH.
Ouray Agency.
Ute
il, 912, 320
12, 039, 040
12, 953, 600
J736, 320
123, 040
1224, 000
1335
118, 062
14, 717
14
6
108
10
58
1,400
900
15
23
570
105
50
2
100
25
118
420
20, 000
15, 920
100
15
2,127
650
300
160
100
2,000
55, 000
45, 000
75
300
1,000
200
TJintah Valley Agency.
TJintah Ute, and
"White Kiver Ute . . .
WASHINGTON.
Oolville Agency.
Colville, Calispel, Me-
thow, San Poel, Spo-
kane, Lake, and
O' Kana^an
1320, ooo
| uo.ooo
'150
110, 000
H2
il, 200
1300
Cceur d' Alene
•
25
8
10
5,040
50
42
927
300
280
65
300
75
100
180
55
75
10, 000
10
5
Neah Bay Agency.
Makah and Quill ehute
Quinaielt Agency.
Qninaielt, Queet, Hoh,
Chehalis, and Gray's
Harbor..
Shoal "Water Bay
Nisqualbi S'Kokomish
Agency.
Puyallup .....
1,848
950
100
250
175
60
Nisqually
S'Klallams
S'Kokomish or Twana
Chehalis
»li 494
I '52, 648
1
[> 800,000
'800
1350
1150
il, 000
130, 000
30
40
175
Squaxin .....
Tulalip Agency.
Tulalip
'.'.'.'.
10
15
45
5
10
250
2,000
2,000
1,500
700
3,500
22, 000
Mnc'kleghoot
...
Madison
"
Li in mi
450
15, 000
1,000
Takama Agency.
Bannack, Kamiltpah,
Klikatat, Klinquit,
Kowassayee, Oche-
chole, Palouse, Pi-
Utes, .Seap-cat, Si-
ay wa, Shyick, Skin-
pah, Wenatspham,
Yakama. ...
1,200
i From Report 1883.
CROPS, AND OTHER RESULTS OF INDIAN LABOR.
tources of subsistence of the different Indian tribes — Continued.
317
during the year by In-
dians.
Other results of Indian labor.
Stock owned by Indians.
f oats and barley.
<D
f vegetables.
4
0
O
>>
f butter made.
Feet of lumber sawed.
Cords of wood cut.
Kods of fencing made.
Value of robes and furs sold.
00
w
Mules.
.2
0
i
f
i
Domestic fowls.
Bushels o
Bushels o
Bushels o
Tons of h
Pounds o
145
5,000
5,260
8,500
6,750
56
80
473
180
150
1
10
220
8
14
175
2,000
8,000
2,500
40
80
517
165
200
80
120
104
200
53
120
44
600
3,000
134
300
3,900
40,400
35, 000
150
330
1,000
10
300
200
1,070
17, 800
14, 600
2,100
4,510
28, 291
4,825
3,150
1,500
1,875
261
50
2,000
500
60
10
1,242
100
150
125
175
•
20, 000
60
2,000
250
300
4,000
3,500
2,500
$4, 000 00
1, 000 00
20, 000 00
300 00
2,000
1,200
5,400
4,900
3,500
2,800
150
8
150
325
8
4,740
6,648
J.700
400
150
900
70
150
1,780
4,050
740
2,000
21, 500
375
75
75
2,080
325
300
5
746
206
300
40
75
65
250
30
100
50
1,500
50
247
125
50
1,943
650
500
150
195
250
600
300
200
200
1,200
2,400
75
50
708
1,100
300
70
150
50
100
48
200
61
50
11
250
8,000
1,250
665
530
550
8,250
26, 000
300
200
60
100
900
3,000
200
60, 580
3,500
125
50
200
75
150
2,000
75 00
35 00
50 00
40 00
130 00
*
$1, 000 00
30
13
25
500
100
75
650
100
2,000
1,500
2
20
200
730
300
500, 000
50
318 STATISTICS OF STOCK OWNED, ACREAGE CULTIVATED,
Table showing agricultural improvements, stock, productions, and
Lands.
Produce raised
I
®
|
1
Number
acres culti-
Number
acres
1
3
«tH
vated
broken
Name of agency and
d
-1
1,
00 g
during the
year.
during
the year.
§
I
« ft
J
-^
rt ®
®
jj
1
§
•^s
*®
§
|
«MJj
|
§
D
,0
g
O
1
£ rt
r
g
ll
I
a
I
1
p
£
!
05
1
fc
fc
3
*
3
M
i
&
W
a
PP
i
WISCONSIN.
Green Bay Agency.
31 680
2 000
110
1 600
2 000
200
1 000
Oneida
65 540
5 000
3,500
100
3 500
5 000
9n nnn
Stockbridge
11, 520
330
220
220
150! 4nn
La Pointe Agency.
Chippewa at Bed Cliff.
Chippewaat Bad River
ChippewaatLacCourte
1
20
750
5
5
15
600
2,000
20
200
d'Oreilles
425
75
425
Chippewa at Lac de
Flambeau
10
50
Chippewa at Fond du
Lac
j> 537,836
2,075
46
21
46
5
64
Chippewa at Grand
25
25
Chippewaat Bois Fort,
including Vermillion
Lake
,
20
100
WYOMING.
Shoshone Agency.
Shoshone
I
20
50
....
25
400
41
25
Northern Arapaho
5
CROPS, AND OTHER RESULTS OF INDIAN LABOR.
sources of subsistence of the different Indian tribes— Continued.
319
during the year by In-
diana.
Other results of Indian labor.
Stock owned by Indians.
Bushels of oats and barley.
Bushels of beans.
Bushels of vegetables.
Tons of hay cut.
Pounds of butter made.
Feet of lumber sawed.
Cords of wood cut.
Eoda of fencing made.
Value of robes and furs sold.
Horses.
Mules.
1
o
q
02
1
£
02
1
400
2,200
23, 000
2,000
100
600
300
100
300
3,350
8,300
1,175
2,110
7,359
1 600
400
500
50
60
300
55, 000
•350
2,000
500 00
100 00
100 00
400
300
50
28
73
50
250
350
50
30
156
60
300
550
100
6
1,000
300
200
800
500
500
112
300
65
300
150
150
;600
[300
100
1
75
600 00
50 00
3, 125 00
340 00
1,600 00
8,000 00
12, 000 00
18
15
500
16
990
600
1,000
180
773
357
55
6
27
18
310
10
200
20
1,000
55, ooo
& 000
10
6
40
120
1
50
10
320
STATISTICS OF INDIAN LABOR, ETC.
RECAPITULATION.
Number of acres in Indian reservations 123,740,789
Number of acres tillable 9,016,815
Number of acres occupied by white intruders 3,760
Number of acres cultivated by the Government during the year 4, 120
Number of acres cultivated by the Indians during the year 229, 768
Number of acres broken by the Government during the year 1, 450
Number of acres broken by the Indians during the year 26
Number of rods of fencing made during the year 154
Number of whites unlawfully on reserve
,840
950
By Govern-
ment
By Indians.
Total.
Produce raised during the year.
WTieat ...
...bushels
10 361
*823 299
833 660
do
11 295
984 318
995 613
Oats and barley . .
. do
26 033
455 526
481 559
do
13 619
497 597
511 216
Beans
do
26 447
26 447
Hay, cut
Hops
tons...
4,476
28 000
71, 828
20 000
76, 304
48 000
Butter made
do
1 450
42 621
44 071
Stock owned.
Horses
2 128
235 534
237 662
Mules . .
199
3 405
3 604
Cattle
8,728
103, 324
112, 052
Swioe
309
67 835
68 144
Sheep
I, 029, 869
1 029 869
Other results of Indian labor during the year.
Maple sugar made .» pounds.. 205,000
Wool produced do 700, 000
Wild rice raised bushels.. 1,400
Berries sold do ... 500
Lumber sawed .feet.. 4,416, 935
81, '
Woodcut cords.
Ri >bes and furs sold value.
Blankets manufactured do...
Pish sold do...
Snake-root gathered do...
,625
$140, 675
$30, 000
$4, 200
$15, 600
Five civilized tribes in Indian Territory.
Number of acres in reservations 19,785,771
Number of acres tillable. 8,870.000
Number of acres under cultivation 320,000
Number of acres under fence 890, 000
Number of bushels of wheat raised 280,000
Number of bushels of corn raised 1, 6 15, 000
Number of bushels of oats and barley raised
Number of horses owned
Number of mules owned
Number of cattle owned
Number of swiue owned
Number of sheep owned
Number of whites unlawfully on reserve
313, 000
87, 000
26, 570
710,000
530, 000
81,000
650, 000
*By error in last report the number of bushels of wheat raised by Indians was reported as 1,811,362
bushels instead of 811,362.
CROPS, AND OTHER RESULTS OF INDIAN LABOR.
321
Comparative statement, showing increase in Indian productions and property made in five
years.
Indians, exclusive of five civilized tribes.
1880.
1881.
1882.
1883.
1884.
dumber of acres cultivated
168, 340
205, 367
199, 982
210 272
229 768
Bushels of wheat raised . ...
408 812
451 479
493 933
al 811 362
823 299
604 103
517 642
849 421
999 496
984 318
Bushels of oats and barley raised
224 899
343 444
317 294
374 670
455 5?6
Bushels of vegetables raised
375, 843
488 792
516 995
6478 318
6497 597
Feet of lumber sawed
4 025 612
4 766 679
4 743 111
8 951 987
4, 416 935
211 981
188 402
184 486
206 738
235 534
Number of cattle owned
78 939
80 684
94 932
97 216
103 324
Number of swine owned
40 381
43 913
39 220
36 676
67 835
Number of sheep'owned
864 216
977 017
cl 268 283
d\ 174 660
1 029 869
Number of houses occupied
12 507
12 893
14 607
15 390
16 764
Number of Indian houses built during the
year .....
1,639
1 409
1 597
1 108
2 367
Number of Indian apprentices who have
been learning trades
358
*
456
617
582
623
Five civilized tribes :
Number of acres cultivated
314 398
348 000
370 000
400 000
320 000
336 424
105 000
180 000
245 000
280 000
Bushels of corn raised
2 346 042
616 000
1 125, 000
1 255 000
1 615 000
Bushels of oats and barley raised
Pounds of cotton raised
124, 568
elQ 800
74, 300
119, 500
/6 050 000
202, 000
/5 900 000
313, 000
Num ber of horses owned ...
61, 453
64 600
50 500
78 500
87 000
Number of mules owned
5 138
6 150
5 460
33 070
26 570
Number of cattle owned .. .....
297, 040
370 000
455 000
600 000
710 000
Number of swine owned
400 282
455 000
385 500
466 000
530 000
Number of sheep owned ...... ...
34 034
33 400
36* 450
46 000
81 000
a By error amount of wheat raised in 1883 was reported as 1,811,362 bushels. It should have been
311,362 bushels.
6 Exclusive of large quantities of melons and pumpkins.
« Includes goats at Navajo Agency.
d The loss in sheep caused by the severity of the winter.
e Bales.
/Pounds.
4266 IND 21
CENSUS OF INDIANS AND
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SALARIES OF SCHOOL EMPLOYES.
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334
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CENSUS OF INDIANS A.ND
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SALARIES OF SCHOOL EMPLOYES.
337
42G6 IND-
338
MEDICAL STATISTICS.
Consolidated report of sick and wounded in the United
Name and location of agency.
Miasmatic diseases.
Typhoid fever.
Typhus fever.
I Typho-malarial fever.
_, ! Remittent fever.
w 1
1
1
.2
a
rt
is
A.
8
1
.2
e
ej
1
Quartan intermittent fever.
^
1
a
1
0>
a
1
be
§
I
'O
I
79
32
Chronic diarrhoea.
1
§
CO
0
g
5
9
Chronic dysentery.
rt
|
&
ft
tJC
1
1
f
W
Pyajmia.
Small-poz.
1
1
....
^
1
::i2
1
""i
14
1
65
17
11
6
....
....
907
33
1
Hoopa Valley Cal
i
i
90
1
3
4
15
5
o
Round Valley Cal
0
11
16
<|
1
Southern Dte Colo . . .............
24
19
Devil's Lake Dak
6
2
1
1
96
1
Fort Berthold Dak
1
87
5
7
Crow Creek Dak
3
14
19
1
Lower Bnile Dak
15
35
Pine Ridge Dak
1
3
176
35
3
5
156
1
Sisseton ' Dak
7
1
6
Standing Rock Dak
102
Yank ton Dak
53
106
86
18
Fort Hall Idaho
3
0
1
. 88
1,029
1,858
53
36
148
468
194
128
106
713
10
72
"8
22
7
1
""i
i
""3
28
637
128
24
27
51
88
49
15
""i
2
227
116
14
6
3
87
10
" i
i
2
42
ii
12
io
60
..
71
141
2
37
48
4
69
3
4
1,304
31
5
303
124
484
120
Kiowa, Comanche, and Wichita, Ind. T .
Osage Ind T ...
--
Kaw Ind T
2
Ponoa Ind T
Pawnee Ind T .
Otoe Ind. T
Oakland Ind T
Quapaw Ind T . ......
7
95
83
428
6
12
2
40
204
6
$
Sac and .Kox Ind T
1
i
85
1
....
"R
1'
j
q
Red Lake Minn
1
69
71
White Earth Minn
9
i
Blackf'eet Mont
9
30
1
29
2
Flathead, Mont
Fort Belknap Mont
2
....
20
1
4
24
1
27
8
5
15
3
1
9
4 !.
Fort Peck Mont
°0
3
8
119
2
90
4
46
60
29
Santee and Flandreau, Nebr
3
2
7
11
42
313
2
....
73
61
1
5
13
Navajo N Mex
11
4
9
43
47
82
15
11
23
1
2
Pueblo N. Mex
5
1
1
5
26
1
New York N T
g
1
17
18
4
2
33
3
8
19
2
2
1
8
1
2
10
9
1 ..
Siletz Ore**
40
8
39
I
11
1
"i
7
1
29
6
q
17
2
a
TJintah Valley' Utah
5
71
5
11
q
1
1
1
96
Neah Bay Wash ..
1
1
5
2
1
Nisqually Wash
1
5
1?
Quinaielt Wash
1
2
3
S'Kokomish Wash
10
2
3
g
1
Tulalip Wash
7
5
2
4
Takiim:« Wash
21
62
29
173
11
5
1
16
...
1
1
Green Bav Wis
g
3
24
•{
7
5
39
1
Carlisle Trainin"1 School Pa
2
10
9
1
MEDICAL STATISTICS.
339
States Indian service for the year ending June 30, 1884.
Miasmatic diseases.
Enthetic diseases.
Dietic dis-
eases.
Diathetic diseases.
Chicken-pox.
Measles.
~
Q
a
09
"5
.2
"So
1
5
I
9
13
jq
*
0
o
1
'3.
-
.a
b£
M
a
I
*
Cerebro-spiiial meningitis.
J
5
•r.
£
"o
t
1
i.
_•=
0
Primary syphilis.
Constitutional syphilis.
ct
8
o
O
•j
1
s
I
ej
'5
3:
C
J
Strict ure of urethra (gonorrhoeal).
5
Other diseases of this older.
d
5l
'
t
~
r
Inebriation.
•5
3
Other diseases of this order.
Acute rheumatism.
Chronic rheumatism.
Anosmia.
Dropsy (when not a mere symptom
of disease of heart, liver, or kid-
neys).
J
Tumors.
Dry gangrene.
24
.-
5
4
16
8
7
15
17
4
2
9
^
15
10
18
15
6
5
1
3 ..
2
2
52
9
j
496
33
18
15
23
3
3
71
18
8
10
1
2
1
1
14
0
1
o
12
^
2 ..
4
*.
-•
1
25
i
5
1
7
3
8
4
2
,
11
44
'9
4
1 ...
....
--
1
1
1
21
15
5
8
•IT
P
4
1
14
9
K)
73
7
?7
3
1
41
1
56
4
1
',
o
2
1 2
1 ..
1 ..
2 ..
1 ..
2
97
59
11
187
19
27
42
2
3
11
117
4
17
1
2
5
1
1
1
....
18
"*'.'.'.'.
•-
....
10
14
4
3
35
30
~2
64
1
1
""i
-4
30
11
2
5
--
--
--
1
1
--
2
10
2
2
4
7
5
1
21
3
3
141
44
17
5
36
130
18
14
216
83
10
4
2
•"-
15
148
103
' 5
16
1
17
3
4
7
8
57
1
10
15
29
73
"o
1
l
--
1
9
i
1
3
-•
. 65
1 11
1
j
5
j.
a
3
1
1
3
4
.a
1
74
1
1
38
5
14
"i
13
> «-H co, co «n »r
21
1°
2
2
24
89
2
5
6
11
18
8
1
2
4
12
iA
6
!
"i
1
3
--
2
1
S
1
--
17 14
-•
20
39
14
3
101
24
16
1!»
>J7
193
1
20
1
1
1
1
4
o
.. 1
io
1
3
1°7
9
1
....
"9
1
3
11
1
2
134
14
4
3
4..
8
1
4
o
1
1
SI
2
5
2
3
i
467
....
1
1
12
it
1
33
90
20
83
37
1
10
8
9
11
1
10
42
2
2
159
37
32
M
8
4
3
59
4
5
2
1
1
-
2
3
12
1
"36
2
4
86
34
8....
6
8
1
1
38
4
4
3 1
9
18
0 1 r>
.. Ill
7
69
13
69
74
76
104
1
21
16
32
5
4
32
14
5
4
1
81
1
43
8
8
92
a
.. 93
3 1
2
3
1
3
1
4
1
1
28
2
2
5
q
--
-7
146
R
3
7
4
18
1
10
11
.1
41
4
4
2
11
7
--
2
2
....
7
1
B4
1
1
1
1 ..
14
3
3
oq
10
14
10
2
6
2
9
7
9 104
12
1
1
1
IfiT
"1!
9
1 ..
2 ....
4
2
1
12
4
51
"i
11
....
--
24
1
1
1
25
3
26
15
10
4
6
1
5
2
1
1
fi
3
6
....
1
"i
1
40
3
11
4
2
19
3
9
4
3
6
28
47
28
37
"7
1
2
.. 10
1
14
14
7
i
--
143
....
-•
3
r.
1
7
23
5
1
2 .
1
1
116
5
1°
10
1
1 ..
23 ....
1
1
1
1
340
MEDICAL STATISTICS.
Consolidated report of sick and wounded, United States
Name and location of agency.
Tubercular
diseases.
Parasitic diseases.
Diseases of the nervous
system.
Consumption.
Scrofula.
Other diseases of this order.
H
Tape-worms.
Lumbrocoid worms.
Ascarides.
Other diseases of this order".
Apoplexy.
Convulsions.
Chorea.
Epilepsy.
Headache.
>>
1
5
Colorado River, Ariz
1
14
9
1
1
Pima and Maricopa Ariz
6
27
Papago Ariz
1
1
San Carlos Ariz .
1
g
1
79
Hoopa Valley Cal
6
4
5
10
4
12
3
1
1
1
5
27
.„.
Round Valley Cal
4
1
Southern Ute, Colo ,
Cheyenne River Dak .
71
17
3
10
9
14
30
16
69
112
79
10
12
17
15
95
34
19
131
116
4
1
10
6
16
132
56
6
1
135
3
""2
3
9
5
1
1
73
10
Devil's Lake Dak
1
"~1
:::s
8
53
26
21
71
49
99
Fort Bert hold Dak
13
Crow Creek Dak
2
57
11
....
Lower Brule Dak
1
Pine Ridge Dak
1
11
....
1
6
1
5
1
7
5
121
124
Rosebud Dak
Sisseton, Dak
Standing Rock Dak
15
13
54
Yanktoii Dak
5
67
1
5
1
6
....
Fort Hail Idaho
11
Nez Perce Idaho
16
120
10
85
107
149
14
g
1
10
1
560
10
299
45
1
Kiowa, Comanche, and Wichita, Ind. T.
Osage, Ind. T
7
9
9
1
Kaw Ind T
3
6
1
3
Ponca Ind T
•
g
Pawnee, Ind. T
12
18
Otoe Ind T
5
1
1
Oakland Ind T .
1
10
21
11
47
1
18
13
3
1
Sac and Fox Ind T
94
1
28
23
r
Mackinac Mich
4
3
8
rj
10
10
51
24
1
4
1
Leech Lake Minn
Red Lake Minn
--
1
....
5
8
12
5
1
15
White Earth Minn
14
Blackfeet Mont
14
34
1
g
rt
3
2
...
ifi
....
Crow Mont
Flathead Mont
8
10
37
20
34
47
1
4
2
1
Fort Belkuap Mont
7
117
1
Fort Peck Mont -
44
2
1
11
1
1
1
Omaha and Winneba^o Nebr
24
23
g
23
17
25
14
22
5
4
120
....
Nevada Xev
Navajo "N Mex
2
1
4
4
17
6
5
6
2
1
8
11
i
8
11
O
10
9
91
1
4
Pueblo N' Mex
1
New York N. Y . .
2
....
6
1
1
2
9
Klamath Oreg
Siletz Oreg . .
5
g
4
i
"Warm Springs Ore.f
1
37
m
1
TJintah Valley' Utah
1
1
1
13
Ourav Utsih
4
,,
Colvi'lle Wash
4
10
g
Neah Biy Wash
G
8
(i
1
0
23
f
,
Nisquallv Wash
•
1
Quinaielt ' Wash
S'Kokomish Wash
3
1
12
Tulalip Wash
18
9
5
«
17
67
11
....
S
1
1
13
1
3
6
9
1
Green Bay Wis
2
1
10
13
....
Shoshone Wyo
4
1
2
7
34
Forest Grove' School Ore0"
4fl3
13 29
Carlisle Trainin<r School *Pa
1
19
Genoa Industrial School Nebr
5
MEDICAL STATISTICS.
Indian service, for year ending June 30, 1884— Continued.
341
iseases of the nerv-
ous system.
Diseases of
the eye.
Of the
ear.
Diseases of the organs
of circulation.
Diseases of the respiratory
organs.
; | Inflammation of the membranes of
; 1 the brain.
I
"-
E.
oo
9
5
=
5
r^
Neuralgia.
£
Sunstroke.
Other diseases of this order.
Conjunctivitis.
X
|
o
A main osis.
( itlier diseases of tllis order.
i
B.
0
Inflammation ol the internal ear.
•SS,)!l|i:.)(T
•5
i.
3
£
-
0
3:
J
§
\
i
*_
c
3.
"~
~
~
>H
•inniiutjoonno 10 nommirnimnT
A
3
H.
Valvular disease of heart.
-
.S
q
5
E
<^
Phlebitis.
Varicose veins.
Otlipr diseaseH of this order.
Asthma.
Catarrh.
Acute bronchitis.
Chronic bronchitis.
X
^t
o
3
~c3
s
3
3
M
Inflammation of lungs.
Inflammation ot pleura.
\
jz
—
c
f
1 Other diseases of this order.
• !-• 1
1
13
55
1
1
.
..
15
91
4
"l
.
• '
>
i-
5
3
1
1
3
. '.. -
- 2 50
- 1 ..
13
1
6
14
4
9
5
4
5
1
8
"is
22
6
t
26
46
Q
2
19
42
69
17
i
i
"4
2
"i
i
3
8
is
it;
31
50
i
326
21
50
67
38
161
79
77
119
26
126
162
75
'2
6
2
4
» i
'
1
2
1
5
4
2
1 g
44
...
35
4
e
i
]
7
1
11
4
5
6
2
9
31
9
4
6
•2
2
6
2
2
6
2
....
-5
L, t
1 76
K
187
58
97
599
119
12
i
1
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i
i
1
10
6
l 2
•
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1 1 94
....
5
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rt
2
4
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57
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- 5 10
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o
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12
284
8
42
133
11
9
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1
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1
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211
301
17
157
1,199
585
7
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435
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134
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- . . 363
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i
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77
58
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194
61
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10
52
S
....
50
. 4 12
£
4
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i
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"i
i
73
161
g
2
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. 1 5
- 2 3
1
87
127
84
2
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120
141
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105
144
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75
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91
If
5
16
37
7
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194
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281
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43
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174
f
',
197
20
48
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l
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15
4
142
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1
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18
lOfc
24
3S
34
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1
6
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7
2
2
22
l
40
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13
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e
ii
4
5
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&
i
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2:
1°
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10
11
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t
6
c
i
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s
1 1
1
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1 5C
5.. 4£
- 1 1
^
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1
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j
]
1
13
, i
1 j
1
342
MEDICAL STATISTICS.
Consolidated report of sick and wounded, United States
Name and location of agency.
Diseases of the digestive organs.
.2
§
~
o
~rt
S4
1
Cholera morbus.
Dyspepsia.
Inflammation of stomach.
Inflammation of bowels.
Inflammation of peritoneum.
Ascites.
Hemorrhage from stomach.
Hemorrhage from bowels.
Fistula in auo.
r.
£
S
Prolapsus ani.
d
5
z
^
~.
=
Acute inflammation of liver.
Colorado River, Ariz
9
5
42
g
2
1
Pima and Maricopa Ariz
13
1
1
Papago Ariz
San Carlos, Ariz
22
7
4
60
1
4'
1
9
Hoo pa Valley Cal
13
j
Round Valley Cal
5
164
1
2
2
....
1
1
--
0
4
Cheveune River, Oak
6
8
13
98
37
-n
1
1
1
Devil's Lake Dak
41
14
1
1
0
Fort Berthold, Dak
Crow Creek Dak
1
27
140
103
£
10
1
1
2
Lower Brule, Dak
2
I
1
:!4
Pine Ridge, Dak
222
IS
27
70
4
39
127
10
57
386
34
27
870
857
60
1
301
24
g
IS
Rosebud Dak
2
q
1
o] ^
Sisseton, Dak
9
1
Standing Rock Dak
I
,
Yank tou, Dak
74
271
r
4
j
Fort Hall Idaho
Nez Pert-e Idaho
"7
129
1
|
Cheyenne and Arapahoe, Ind. T
Kiowa, Comanche, and Wichita, Ind. T.
Osage Ind. T
162
126
9
6
....
22
....
--
....
....
1
1
2
1
1
1
c
Kaw lud T
1
1
Pon- a lud T
11
3
Pawnee, lud. T
Otoe, lud. T
1
1
Oakland, lud. T
Quapaw Ind T
4
1
1
r
9
2
3
2
1
1
Sac and Fox Ind T
7
9
34
11
1
1
1
Mackinac, Mich *
t)
1
4
Leech Lake Minn
I
A
Red Lake, Minn ....
34
18
87
36
204
30
133
579
43
1
1
White Earth, Minn
....
24
30
5
1
1
is
Blaekfeet Mont
16
2
...
....
Crow, Mont
FlatUead Mont
7
o
2
4
Fort Belknap, Mont
2
28
26
2
12
Fort Peck Mont
10
1
1
I
n
2
I
2
Omaha and Winneba^o Nebr
.r)
3
Santee and Flandreau, Nebr
29
6
8
184
32
188
161
3
2
4
4
5
Nevada Nev
Navajn, N. Mex
41
1
59
83
1
....
....
1
....
2
3
1
1
3
1
IJ
"i
Mescalero N Mex
Pueblo, N. Mex
" j
New York N Y
7
59
4
1
1
1
Klamath Ore"" .
9
5
5
12
1
]
Silt'tx. Oreg
6
3
5
1
3
3
-1
i
"i
i
-Umatilla Oiv
1
"Warm Springs, Oreg
112
1
1
5
Grand Ronde, Ore"
<r>
i
TJintah Valley Utah
14
4
19
11
6
2
1
Ourav, Utah
^
2
Colvillc Wash . .
36
2
Noah Uay Wash
4
6
15
1
5
2
2
2
NisqimUy Wash
1
10
1
3
1
3
7
8
2
9
8
30
104
48
86
1
Quinaielt, Wash
1
1
S'Kokotuish Wash
1
30
42
4
2
"2
1
1
Tulalip, Wash
....
--
Yakatmi Wash
Given Bav, Wis
14
6
12
29
g
5
1
1
Sho.shone Wvo
1
1
Forest Grove School Ore<T
Carlisle Trainin«r School Pa
7
Geuoa Industrial School Nebr
1
2
....
1
1
MEDICAL STATISTICS.
Indian service, for year ending June 30, 1884 — Continued.
34
iseases of the di-
gestive organs.
Diseases of the urinary and genital
organs.
Diseases of the
bones and joints.
Diseases of the integ
umentary system.
Cirrhosis of liver.
Dropsy from hepatic disease.
j
•3
1
"3
|
5
Inflammation of the spleen.
Enlarged spleen.
jj
1
.2
0
00
1
B
O
Inflammation of kidneys.
Hright's disease.
Diabetes.
5
Calculus.
Inflammation of bladder.
Incontinence of urine.
Retention of urine.
Inflammation of testicle (not gon-
orrhreal).
Hydrocele.
Varicocele.
Hysteria.
Prolapsus uten.
Disease of uterus.
Other diseases of this order.
Inflammation of periosteum.
Inflammation of bones.
Caries.
Necrosis.
Inflammation of joints.
Anchylosis.
Othei- diseases of this order.
Abscess.
i
o
a
3
d
i
i
w
p
11
29
: ; 1 Whitlow.
| Skin disease (not including syphi-
SS.JL lit*c 8^i° affections or itch).
--
1
....
3
1
2
^
„
1
4
^
7
1
1
1
7
1
1
15
•»
g
'i
HI
2
1
1
1
65
4
37
40
2
4
1
-,
o
9
Q
.
5
s
1
2
1
1
.,
(I
1
I
1
8
2
1
8
4
1
--
1
4
3
,1
4
A
1
--
65
11
1
3
6
1
1
1
5
»;
5
6
4
1
158
13
9
1
1
1
.
B
-
1
12
12
20
3
2
4
1
1
1
38
5
18
20
1
3
"i
""i
15
29
21
583
215
9
1
1
2
166
8
•,
g
4
1
1
3
1
22
g
2
q
•>
-, 1
1
3
11
•{
17
11
2
1
1
g
11
Q
1
1
•-,
9
11
§
fl
r,
2
163
6
Ifi
337
7
1
1
1
'">•>
1
2
1
.
8
1
2
1
1
,
I
10
1
2
1
?
2
7
1
M
285
689
9
11
i
1
1
1
1
2
4
1
g
1
2
6
1
3
1
ft
j
1
10
1
3
1
1
7
1
•jo
n
26
1
.,
1
1
1 1
--
1
12
1
1
1
.)
,j
15
5
1
4
i
10
27
1
1
1
n
1
14
59
58
58
5
I
1
1
fi
j
2
3
46
1
6
1
so
9
17
2
4
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
9
3
1
2fl
i
4
1
*
1
1
27
1
17
13
22
3
121
i
•)
9
9
8
q
i
31
21
2
i
i
""i
1
44
""2
.. 1
4
-i
9
9
a
2
2
10
2;
4
29
--
1
1
1
2
1
3
5
1
2
2
1
7
8
2
9
2
1
-7
2
r,
1
(.
.).)
g
.,
0 •
,1
4
1
1
0
•""
-
*,
•>
Q! o
5
68
1
n
j
(i
7
9
51 2
1
1
1
1
9
1
1
1
1
1
1
63
8
•'
1
i\
1
4
9
i
1
1
i
2
5
1
1
7
1
1
4
1
1
2
2
1
--
5
3
7
9
2
2
1
...
3
--
--
4
1
9
0
f> 1
1
g
1
•>
1
^
1) 1
1
12
5
22
7
19
40
5
1
y
i
1
..: 2
4
2
3
2
1
11
3
1
"i
2
4
7
2'.'
5
4
""i
1
. . 7
1
4
1
1
1
x
"i
1
••
1
3
1
--
•-
8
3
4
--
'i
"i
--
i
1
1
1
1
i
5
p
--
--
-•
1
1
1
2
7
a
2
....
1
....
8
2
1
!
344
MEDICAL STATISTICS.
Consolidated report of sick and wounded, United States
Name and location of agency.
3 | Burns and scalds.
Wounds, injuries, and accidents.
35 | Bruises.
rt
1
0
"c
a
o
1
Drowning.
1
-Z
10
c
P
| Frost-bite.
Simple fracture (not gunshot).
Compound fracture (not gunshot).
Gunshot wound.
Incised wound. .
rt*.to Lacerated wound.
& ^ Punctured wound.
Poisoning.
I
Other diseases of this order.
Homicide.
| Suicide.
Colorado River, Ariz
3
13
Pima and Maricopa, Ariz
()
I4'
1
1
Papago, Ariz
1
1
2
San Carlos, Ariz
1
9
3
19
4
Hoopa Valley, Cal
1
0
2
1
j
1
"7
1
1
1
3
....
.".".".
Round Valley, Cal
Southern Ute, Colo
4
21
1
--
21
1
14
2
1
3
,
Cheyenne River, Dak
•>')
fl
m
£
.2
6
5
q
1
i
2
17
6
6
"2"
10
5
Devil's Lake Dak
8
8
Fort Berthold, Dak
3
....
1
...
Crow Creek, Dak
1
\
')
7
'2
Lower Brul6. Dak
B
0
0->
g
24
6
2
4
16
3
12
1
3
5
1
"2"
2
....
Pine Ridge; Dak
Rosebud, Dak
Sisseton, Dak
10
16
V.}
14
r.:;
10
4
5
18
0
3
1
3
....
6
1
1
....
Standing Rock, Dak
1ri
1 r}
10
Yankton. Dak
11
s
1
0
1
"i
1
5
3
1
1
....
Fort Hall, Idaho
(i
1
1
1
1
1
-
Nez Perc4, Idaho
i
g
1
1
4
Cheyenne and Arapaho, Ind. T
40
61
•1
3
97
'i
10
5
1
Kiowa, Comanche, and Wichita, Ind. T.
Osage. Ind. T
g
i
3
....
1
2
1
2
1
"2
3
1
....
....
Kaw, Jnd. T
n
Ponca, Ind. T
1
1
....
....
....
Pawnee, Ind. T
4
1
1
Otoe,Ind.T
1
Oakland, Ind. T
1
5
Quapaw, Ind. T
B
1
1
1
3
2
1
1
2
1
4
3
2
0
Sac and Fox, Ind. T
^
i
1
5
2
2
1
Mackinac, Mich
,.
Leech Lake, Minn
2
Red Lake, Minn
o
2
1
1
1
2
1
5
9
31
2
"7"
3
1
8
2
I
White Earth Minn ....
\
"•fi
in
1
1
2
2
4
1
Blackfeet, Mont
1'!
Crow, Mont
^
17
7
1
Flathearl, Mont
0
2
1
Fort Belknap, Mont
^
1
1
Fort Peck Mont
if'
1fi
16
1
16
3
1
2
1
7
2
1
....
1
Omaha and Winnebago, Nebr
Santee and Flandreau, Nebr
Nevada, Nev
7
B
20
>•>
8
3
9
5
12
31
17
5
8
1
....
....
Navajo, N. Mex
/I
°7
10
1
14
1
10
20
Mescalero, N. Mex
g
1
2
Pueblo, N. Mex
7
B
1
New York, N. Y
B
1
Klamath, Oreg
^
')
1
2
16
2
1
Siletz, Oreg
r,
17
1
Umatilla, Ore^
,1
j
W^arm Springs, Oreg
2
g
3
1
2
6
Grande Ronde Oreg . .
1
1
Uintah Valley, Utah
10
5
14
4
:i
"i
5
6
1
4
3
1
3
6
g
Ourav Utah
--
1
2
3
2
....
....
....
...
Colville, Wash
Neah Bay, Wash
7
2
•i
9
^
1
Nisquallv, Wash
0
0
1
j
3
12
9
5
1
3
5
6
2
1
4
1
5
...
...
Qninaielt Wash
5
^
8
5
--
1
....
....
1
S'Kokomish, Wash.
Tulalip, Wash
4
4
14
1
1
Yakama, Wash
Green Bay, Wis
10
21
i
11
2
2
...
3
11
10
Shoshone, Wyo
Forest Grove School, Oreg
12
33
V
8
4
3
2
13
2
7
2
2
Carlisle Trainin^ School Pa
o
1
1
3
3
Genoa Industrial School, Nebr
1
')
1
MEDICAL STATISTICS.
345
Indian service, for year ending June 30, 1884 — Continued.
Taken sick
or wounded
Remaining last report.
1
3
1
S
1
r£
0
Died.
Total deaths.
Recovered.
Remaining under treatment June 30, '84.
Vaccinated.
Births.
Males.
•
,2
"3
a
S
ft
Ag
ovt
yet
i
ed
r5
irs.
at
<u
^
Ac
UIHI
ye$
1
8
ced
•r5
irs.
1
1
|
1
1
"3
£
£
2
1
02
I
i
a
1
X
c
"3
•
£
"3
S
(g
7
1
»3
a
M
r2
^3
"3
W
1
£
244
583
12
846
165
345
578
185
873
279
515
549
360
2,819
1,238
270
803
2.117
206
474
5,286
4,075
278
450
276
747
261
161
360
1, 395
199
49
818
693
622
838
154
432
713
260
606
742
1,101
360
295
178
203
311
49
466
74
267
104
434
78
162
171
180
288
605
262
582
77
230
71
218
263
12
994
121
211
469
118
674
245
418
447
240
1,583
915
137
690
1,371
57
420
4.356
3,318
168
224
249
1, 029
252
199
302
1,220
148
40
506
613
518
919
128
535
598
289
638
538
1,023
291
214
229
160
303
57
404
93
157
44
429
66
128
116
131
193
425
215
180
62
184
35
42
9
"146
60
34
44
1
62
33
71
60
504
855
24
1,986
352
590
1,091
304
1, 609
557
1.004
1,056
600
4,522
2, 153
453
1,594
3,631
272
936
9, fe72
7,393
464
706
546
1,801
523
363
664
2,663
358
89
5
4
7
1
2
6
2
4
16
15
239
568
12
818
163
349
563
176
799
249
502
535
328
2,872
1,147
257
705
2,116
179
450
5,230
4,048
276
437
280
713
265
150
337
1,344
193
23
803
679
605
838
141
425
616
249
589
736
1,112
349
257
177
192
298
41
458
71
244
99
419
70
162
165
179
293
598
259
581
91
226
67
215
248
10
966
114
214
462
119
594
225
384
437
213
1, 623
8^0
34
24
2
171
65
22
38
3
156
49
76
51
48
12
163
24
211
114
45
48
102
28
6
30
5
52
21
10
17
505
60
10
5
2
9
I
23
13
13
14
7
3
9
14
31
24
1
10
83
2
8
11
1
18
2
2
13
14
9
7
2
1
14
4
18
9
18
8
2
2
7
8
29
15
2
8
97
3
6
9
1
12
5
5
13
11
3
1
6
1
1
4
1
7
5
4
9
"3
5
5
9
2
8
2
1
1
"l2
7
7
2
2
7
2
5
2
2
31
10
5
28
6
60
34
M
11
15
23
32
71
43
3
27
242
8
17
22
4
32
9
7
49
42
14
3
17
12
42
1
18
18
172
8
45
29
5
12
21
3
37
28
7
15
6
7
10
19
15
15
11
8
17
11
7
9
2
4
1
_
3 3
1
5
1
1
....
16
3
75
23
6
33
9
28
24
36
84
56
13
9
46
14
6
15
5
35
31
26
80
40
27
12
117
37
10
47
12
51
38
48
164
81
2
....
4
....
"i
2
11
15
11
13
2
i
2
3
2
i
"3
i
120
46
101
145
9
42
230
140
607
1,360
45
411
4,298
3,309
165
217
257
1,004
247
185
278
1, 213
140
21
494
602
488
916
109
528
483
275
614
532
1, 022
282
190
233
135
288
50
391
91
155
38
420
«0
114
106
126
196
434
195
182
68
171
27
5
35
2
2
2
2
1
1
4
27
1
1
...
1
5
115
4
4
5
12
3
4
2
13
26
13
4
104
2
3
7
11
2
6
5
15
24
4
7
219
5
5
5
23
4
10
7
10
32
10
2
....
2
7
is'
17
7
18
32
21
25
10
3
2
48
11
11
9
2
12
8
"2"
"2
9
1
"*2
33
1
8
2
64
11
42
21
105
33
2
16
1
111
17-
37
12
85
16
42
26
13
45
27
10
5
18
9
48
8
19
5
8
9
40
63
15
7
25
11
11
92
28
"2
5
71
1,335
1,398
1,168
1,757
284
972
,382
549
1,285
,309
2, 224
659
510
439
377
659
125
874
173
424
156
906
155
310
287
321
515
1,083
524
787
168
426
106
10
V 6
14
"e
7
68
4
16
13
1
3
8
2-
12
11
4
4
4
2
7
8
7
6
4
1
8
3
1
7
....
1
4
4
17
12
6
49
2
14
11
4
6
7
1
11
10
3
9
1
1
3
4
5
3
6
3
8
5
2
2
2
3
3
"2
*3
22
1
7
3
11
8
3
7
7
-3
5
6
16
11
8
13
2
i
6
6
9
2
53
23
55
50
19
56
93
37
110
9
3
i
2
1
41
29
100
8
1
32
14
45
19
4
6
2
3
1
3
33
4
7
9
...
2
"i
"i
4
"i
"2
5
5
9
2
10
14
6
9
21
11
9
7
12
5
9
13
6
14
15
24
9
17
20
17
22
1
2
2
10
15
1
1
1
1
~2
2
....
2
1
1
1
1
3
"§"
1
6
*2
"2"
3
6
8
43
9
20
9
4
3
5
2
3
2
13
4
4
2
1
1
2
10
34
53
47
25
29
12
1
28
22
50
...
12
16
27
i
....
....
48
18
....
346
MEDICAL STATISTICS.
Aggregate of foregoing table.
CLASS I.— ZYMOTIC DIS-
EASES.
Order 1.— MIASMATIC DISEASES.
Typhoid fever 136
Typhus fever 1
Typh'.-malarial fever 117
Eemittent fever 846
Quotidian intermittent
fever 3, 722
Tertian intermittent fever 5, 210
Quartan intermittent fever 150
Congestive intermittent
fever 17
Acute diarrhoea 3,568
Chronic diarrhoea 57
Acute dysentery 1, 033
Chronic dysentery 8
Erysipelas ' 243
-Hospital gangrene 2
Pyiemia 5
-Small-pox 12
Varioloid 2
€hicken-pox 118
•rMeasies 437
^Scarlet fever 26
Mumps 308
Tonsillitis (quinsy) 1, 167
-'Diphtheria 98
Epidemic catarrh (influen-
za) 2,221
"Whooping cough 391
€erebio-spinal meningitis. 24
Other diseases of this order 305
Order 2.— ENTHETIC DISEASES.
Primary svphilis 409
Constitutional syphilis 565
Gonoir;;cea 900
«- Gonoi rlueal orcliitis 20
Gonorrhreal ophthalmia... 31
Stricture of urethra (gon-
or hceal) 16
Bite ols>-i pent 4
Other diseases of this order 38
Order 3.— DIETIC DISEASES.
Starvation 6
Scurvy 22
Purpura 3
Inebriation 1
Delirium tremens 3
Other diseases ot this order 7
CLASS II —CONSTITUTION-
AL DISEASES.
Order 1.— DIATHETIC DISEASES.
Acute rheumatism 2,70)
Chronic rheumatism 7i{4
Atnemii 295
Dropsy (when not a mere
symptom of disease of
heart, liver, or kidneys) . 46
Cancer 4
Tumors : 39
Dr? gangrene 3
Other diseases of this order 191
Order 2.— TUBERCULAR DIS-
EASES.
Consumption
817
Scrofula 1,503
Other diseases of this order 3
CLASS III.— PARASITIC DIS-
EASES.
Itch 817
Tape-worms 190
Lumbrieoid worms 741
Ascarides 374
Other diseases of this order 74
CLASS IV.— LOCAL DIS-
EASES.
Order 1.— DISEASES OF THE NER-
VOUS SYSTEM.
Apoplexy 3
Convulsions 138
Chorea 31
Epilepsy 33
Headache 1, 304
Insanity 6
Inflammation of the brain. 25
Inflammation of the mem-
branes of the brain 9
Inflammation of the spinal
cord 12
Neuralgia 1,614
Paralysis 63
Sunstioke 5
Other diseases of this order 355
Order 2.— DISEASES OF THE EYE.
Conjunctivitis 7,272
Irilis 85
Catai act 26
Aiuaurosis 6
Other diseases of this order 258
Order 3.— DISEASES OF THE EAR.
Otorrhrea 437
Inflammation of the inter-
nal ear 177
Deafness 29
Other diseases of this order 105
Order 4.— DISEASES OF THE OR-
GANS OF CIRCULATION.
Inflammation of pericardi-
um 4
Inflammation of endocar-
dium 1
Hypertrophy of heart 10
Valvular disease of heart . 31
Dropsy from htart disease 3
Aneurism 2
Ptilrbitis 1
Varicose veins 5
Other diseases of this order 18
Order 5. — DISEASES OF THE
RKSFIRATORY ORGANS.
Order 6. — DISEASES OF THE DI-
GESTIVE ORGANS.
Colic 1,106
Constipation 4,996
Cholera raorbus 293
Dyspepsia 1,385
Inflammation of stomach... 202
Inflammation of bowels. . . 59
Inflammation of peritone-
um 12
Ascites . . . 33
Haemorrhage from stom-
ach 27
Hemorrhage from bowels . 12
Fistula in auo 4
Piles 67
Prolapsus ani 7
Inguinal hernia 12
Acute inflammation of
liver 65
Chronic inflammation of
liver 9
Cirrhosis of liver 1
Dropsy from hepatic dis-
ease 4
Jaundice 33
biliary calculi 1
Inflammation of the spleen 1
Enlarged spleen 50
Other diseases of this order 662
Order 7.— DISEASES OF THE URI-
NARY AND GENITAL ORGANS.
Inflammation of kidneys . . 72
Bright'* disease 7
Diabetes 3
Gravel 8
Calculus 4
Inflammation of bladder .. 68
Incontinence of urine 43
Retention of urine 91
Inflammation of testicle
(not gonorrhceal) 19
I Hydrocele 6
Varicocele 7
Hysteria 31
Prol ipsus uteri 17
Disease of uti-rus 122
Other diseases of this order 233
Order 8.— DISEASES OF THE
BONES AND JOINTS.
Inflammation of perioste-
um 22
Inflammation of bones 1
j Caries 47
| Necrosis 12
j Inflammation of joints 69
Anchylosis 3
Other diseases of this order 16
Order 9.— DISEASES OF THE IN-
TEGUMENTARY SYSTEM.
Asthma 44 Abscess..
Catarrh. 2, G13 Boil
Acute bronchitis 6, '201 J Carbuncle
542
17
Chronic bronchitis 232
Inflammation ot larynx . . . 703
Inflammation of lungs 642
Inflammation of pleura . . . 151
Dropsy of the chest 1
Other diseases of this order 844
UJoer
Whitlow
Skin diseases (not includ-
ing syphilitic skin affec-
tions or itch) ..3,1
Other diseases of this order
MEDICAL STATISTICS.
Aggregate of foregoing table — Continued.
347
CLASS V VIOLENT DIS-
Drowninf
8
EASES AND DEATHS.
Sprains
327
Lacerated wound 190
Dislocation
21
Order 1. — WOUNDS INJURIES,
Frost-bite
104
Poisouin<r 51
AND ACCIDENTS.
Simple fracture (not gun-
shot) . ...
83
Other diseases of this order 18
Burns and scalds 490
Order 2 HOMICIDE 6
Bruises .. . 602
gunshot)
4
Concussion of the brain 5
Gunshot wound ...........
44
Order 3. — SUICIDE 2
GRAND TOTALS.
Kemaining under treatment from last year 2, 229
Taken sick and wounded during year : males, 39,424 ; females, 31,529 70, 953
Recovered: males, 38,412; females, 30,556 ."... 68,968
Deaths: males over 5 years, 610 ; under 5 years, 546* 1, 156
Deaths: females over 5 years, 211 ; under 5 years, 219* 430
Births: Indians, 1,535; half-breeds, 145; white, 32* 1,712
Births: males, 919; females, 793 1,712
Vaccinated: successfully, 601; unsuccessfully, 85 686
Remaining under treatment June 30 2, 688
* This table shows only births and deaths reported by agency physicians. For births and deaths as
reported by agents, including agencies where there are no physicians, see table, pages 284 to 302.
348 ADDRESSES OF COMMISSIONERS AND OTHERS
MEMBERS OF THE BOARD OF INDIAN COMMISSIONERS, WITH THEIR
POST-OFFICE ADDRESSES.
Clinton B. Fisk, chairman, 3 Broad street, New York City.
E. Whittlesey, secretary, New York ave., cor. Fifteenth street, Washington, D. C.
Orange Judd, 153 Monroe street, Chicago, 111.
W. H. Lyon, 483 Broadway, New York City.
Albert K. Smiley, New Paltz, N. Y.
William McMichael, 265 Broadway, New York City.
John K. Boies, Hudson, Mich.
William T. Johnson, Chicago, 111.
Merrill E. Gates, New Brunswick, N. J.
C. R. Aguew, 226 Madison avenue, New York City.
LIST OF INDIAN AGENCIES FORMERLY ASSIGNED TO THE SEVERAL
RELIGIOUS DENOMINATIONS,
FRIENDS. — Santee, Nebraska, Otoe and Pawnee, in the Indian Territory. Levi K.
Brown, Goshen, Lancaster County, Pa.
FRIENDS. — Cheyenne and Arapaho, Kiowa, Comanche and Wichita, Osage, and Sac
and Fox, in the Indian Territory. James E. Rhoades, 1316 Filbert street, Philadelphia,
Pa.
METHODIST. — Hoopa Valley, Round Valley, and Tule River, in California ; Yakania,
Neah Bay, and Quinaielt, in Washington Territory; Klamath and Siletz, in Oregon;
Blackfeet, Crow, and Fort Peck, iii Montana; Fort Hall and Lemhi, in Idaho; and
Mackinac, in Michigan. Rev. Dr. J. M. Reid, secretary Missionary Society Methodist
Episcopal Church, 805 Broadway, New York City.
CATHOLIC. — Tulalip and Colville, in Washington Territory; Grande Ronde and
Umatilia, in Oregon; Flathead, in Montana; .and Standing Rock and Devil's Lake,
in Dakota. John MuUan, Catholic Commissioner, 1101 G street, Washington, D. C.
BAPTIST. — Union (Cherokees, Creeks, Choctaws, Chickasaws, and Seminoles), in
the Indian Territory, and Nevada, in Nevada. Rev. Dr. H. L. Morehouse, secretary
American Baptist Home Missionary Society, Temple Court, Beekman street, New York City.
PRESBYTERIAN. — Navajo, Mescalero Apache, and Pueblo, in New Mexico; Nez
Perc6s, in Idaho ; and Uintah Valley, in Utah. Rev. Dr. J. C. Lowrie, secretary Board of
Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church, 23 Centre street, New York City. Rev. H.
Kendall, D. D., secretary Board Home Missions Presbyterian Church, 23 Centre street, New
York City.
CONGREGATIONAL. — Green Bay and La Pointe, in Wisconsin; Sisseton and Fort
Berthold, in Dakota; and S'Kokomish, in Washington Territory. Rev. Dr. M. E.
Slritby, secretary American Missionary Association, 56 Reade street, New York City.
PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL. — White Earth, in Minnesota; Crow Creek, Lower Brule",
Cheyenne River, Yankton. Rosebud, and Pine Ridge, in Dakota; Pouca, in Indian
Territory ; and Shoshone, in Wyoming. Rev. G. F. Flichtner, secretary Board of Missions
of the Protestant Episcopal Church, 22 Bible House, New York City.
UNITARIAN. — Ouray Agency, in Utah. Rev. G. Reynolds, secretary American Uni-
tarian Association, 7 Tremont Place, Boston.
UNITED PRESBYTERIAN. — Warm Springs, in Oregon. Rev. John G. Brown, D. D.,
secretary Home Mission Board United Presbyterian Church, Pittsburgh, Pa.
EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN. — Southern Ute, in Colorado, and Mission, in California.
Rev. J. G. Butler, Washington, D. C.
INSPECTORS AND SPECIAL AGENTS.
Indian inspectors:
ROBERT S. GARDNER ...Clarksburg, W. Va.
GEORGE B. ANDERSON Boonville, N. Y.
SAMUEL S. BENEDICT Guilford, Kans.
HENRY WARD Leadville, Colo.
WILLIAM A. NEWELL Newark, N. J.
Superintendent of Indian schools :
JAMES M. HAWORTH Olathe, Kans.
Special Indian agents at large:
P. H. FOLSOM Washington, D. C.
GEORGE R. MILBURN Washington, D. C.
CYRUS BEKDE ; Oskaloosa, Iowa.
CHARLES H. DICKSON Washington, D. C.
W. H. ROBB Leon, Iowa.
ADDRESSES OF AGENTS.
349
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350
ADDRESSES OF AGENTS.
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cqoft<pt(fH oco ^iP- i<?5w
ADDRESSES OF AGENTS.
351
.. Gowanda, DT Y.
-- Sheridan, Oreg.
.. Ashland, Oreg.
.. Corvallis, Orog.
.. Pendleton, Oreg., via Umatilla, Oreg.
.. The Dalles, Oreg.
. . Fort Thornburgh, Utah, via Carter Station, Wyo.
. Green River City, Wyo.
.. Spokane Falls, Wash.
.. Port Towusend, Wash,
's Olympia, Wash.
-- New Tacomah, Wash.
.. Seattle Wash.
. . The Dalles, Oreg.
.. Clintonville, Wis.
.. Ashland, Wis.
. . Fort Washakie, Wyo.
.. Carlisle, Pa.
.. Hampton, Va.
TTrtT-aaf dTK-cra, n,.«rr
.- Genoa, Nebr.
.. Chilocco, Ind. T., via Arkansas City, Kam.
. . Lawrence, Kans.
j j
: : : : :
ii
f]|:-j j
;
j j
; ;
. . Gowanda, Cataraugus County, N. Y
.. Nan tahala, Swain County, N. C
-. Grande Ronde, Polk County, Oreg
-. Klamath Agency, Klamath County, Oreg ...
.. Toledo, Beiitont ouutv, Oreg
-. Pendletou, Umatilla County, Orog
. . Warm Springs, Crook County, Oreg
.. Ouray Agency, Utah, via Green River City,
-. Uintah Valley Agency, White Rocks, Utah .
. . Chewelah, Stevens County, Wash
-. Neah Bay, Clallam County, Wash
-. Quiiiaielt Agency, Chehali's County, Wash.,
Point.
.. Tacoma, Wash
.. Tulalip. Suohomish County, Wash
Fort Simcoe, Yakima County, Wash
.. Keshena, Shawano County, Wis
. . Ashland, Ashland County, Wis
.. Shoshone Agency, Fremont County, Wyo...
.. Carlisle, Pa
.. Hampton, Va
. Forest Grove. Oi «<r . .
Genoa, Nebr
. . Chilocco, Ind. T., via Arkansas City, Kans. .
.. Lawrence, Kans
CO
* |
William Peacock ..
3
PQ
to
||||I
Jas. F. Gardner
E. W.Davis
S.D. Waters...
Oliver Wood
Chas. Willoughby .
Edwin Eells
Patrick Buckley...
Robert H.Milroy..
D. P. Andrews
Win. R. Duriee....
S. R.Martin
Capt. R. H. Pratt, U
S. C. Armstrong...
W, V. Coffin...
1
jj
: : : -3 :
3
11 2 a
U
B
: : : : :
\ '
: : : a
; ;
§§
l-ll
||
NEW YORK
New York
NOHTH CAKOL
Eastern Cherokee
OHEGON.
Grande Ronde . . .
Klamath
Siletz
Umatilla
Warm Springs...
UTAH.
Ouray
Uiutah Valley . . .
WASHINGTON TEU
i So §
• • • ^ ^
: ^ Z? |
,2 :a .2 "3 a, 2 '
*-3 _, c3 3 l£ -3
;>-3.3 yjs^
0^3 •- 3 :3
use? £H(*
Green Bay
LaPoiute
WYOMING.
Shoshone
INDIAN TRAINING
DUSTIilAL, SCH(
Carlisle Training
Hampton Normi
Agiicultuial In
Fon-st Grove TJ
School.
Genoa ludustrial
Chilocco Iiulustria
Haskell Institute
352
PROPOSALS RECEIVED AND CONTRACTS AWARDED
Abstract of proposals received and contracts awarded in New York City, under
[NOTE.— Figures in large type denote the
BEEF.
Points of delivery.
1
Qnantity awarded.
H. C. Slavens.
G. T. Newman.
Wm. Cunningham.
Wm. C. Oburn.
H. B. Denman.
John Volz.
W. S. Woods.
M. C. Connors.
Agencies.
Colorado River, Ariz . . .
Pounds.
75, 000
Pounds.
a$6 27
San Carlos Ariz
2 500 000
3,OOO,OOO
c4 27
$363
$3 98
$3 98
$3 90
Southern Tito Colo
150 000
(Z4 88
a3 97
1,750 000
$4 39
750 000
e$4 49
Crow Creek, Dak
750 000
4 60
c4 49
Devil's Lake Dak
47 000
Fort Berth old, Dak
200 000
'
Lower Brnle, Dak
1 250 000
3 98
Pine Ridge Dak
6 500 000
Rosebud Dak
6 000 000
4 22
Sisscton Dak
75 000
75000
$484
p3 48
Standing Rock Dak
3 500 000
Yankton Dak
700 000
ai 70
Fort Hall Idaho
150 000
<?4 90
Lemhi Idaho
100 000
iZ4 90
Cheyenne and Arapa-
5 500 000
6,OOO,OOO
«3 80
a3 4O
4 05
ho, Ind. T.
Kiowa Comanche, and
3 750 000
4,OOO,OOO
a3 80
a3 55
4 09
Wichita, Ind. T.
Otoo (school), Ind. T
10 000
a4 50
o3 64
Otoe (annuity) Ind. T
100 000
a4 50
a4 20
a4 20
Pawnee (.school) Ind T
45 000
a4 50
o3 64
a4 20
Ponca Ind T
280 000
a4 50
03 64
a4 20
Ponca (Oakland) Ind T"
200 000
a4 50
03 64
" Net,
a Monthly delivery.
6 One delivery. /
c A s required.
d Monthly deliveries for winter and spring; balance as required.
e No delivery later than December 1.
/ All required from July 1 to December 1, to be delivered every 30 days, and on or before November 1.
a Monthly till October, then all to be received.
h Two deliveries between July 1 and October 1.
t 80,000 pounds to be delivered at Crow Creek on or before July 20; balance before October 1.
As required until October 1, then delivery of all that will be taken.
FOR BEEF FOR INDIAN SERVICE.
353
advertisement of April 23, 1884, for furnishing supplies for the Indian service.
rates at which contracts have been awarded.]
BEEF.
W. K. Merriam.
1 J. L. Fyffe. '
1
H. B. Wynn.
1
ft
M
P
02
-0
W. B. Jordan.
GO
02
W
I*
B. D. Hunter.
|
Thos. B. Tomb.
1
'5
6
£
Wm. E. Hughes.
J. H. Bothwell.
Levi Wilson.
jt
•
/$3 97
i$3 69
h3 77
g3 88
a4 72
$a498
£3 97
*$14 50
*«
$6 94
64 17
£93 93
«4 99
/409
a3 69
A3 77
93 88
a4 72
-
...
o$625
03 77
p$442
$3 65
05 39
/3 77
4 49 64 85
a5 601
64 71
487
/3 94
3 94
«$4£
$5 93
K3 97
5 14
4 07
$4 80
a4 98
4 59
$3 64
3 69
$3 71
3 71
I
k Delivery not later than October 1 of whole amount.
m One delivery not later than October 15.
n Delivery in 'October or November, or either month.
o Monthly delivery from July 1 to December 1.
p As required to October ] , then monthly to June 1 ; then as required.
q Monthly deliveries after October 1.
r Monthly till November 1.
* All required from July 1 to January 1 ; monthly after October 1.
t Deliver not later than October 1.
u Monthly between June 30 and December 31.
4266 IND 23
354
PROPOSALS RECEIVED AND CONTRACTS AWARDED
Abstract of proposals received and contracts awarded in New York City, under
[NOTE.— Figures iu large type denote the
BEEF— Continued.
Points of delivery.
Quantity offered.
Quantity awarded.
>
J—
55
d
W
J. G. McGannon.
W.B.Jordan.
H. W. Duncan.
B. L. Naylor.
R. S. Ford.
1
d
H
J, H. Hurlburt.
Agencies.
Quapaw Ind T
Lbs.
15, 330
25,000
13, 000
20, 400
30, 000
300, 000
Pounds.
15,330
35,000
13,000
20,400
a$450
a450
a450
a450
c450
$3 97
3 97
68 50
68 50
$3 49$
Sac and Fox, Ind. T
Blackfeet, Mont
3 49£
6$8 50
68 50
d$4 37i
d5 62i
di 62J
d5 33^
e$449
/6 24
e3 98
/4 94
e4 98
/G 37
800, 000
250, 000
400, 000
60, 000
30, 000
17, 000
700, 000
300, 000
175, 000
650, 000
53, 000
150, 000
55, 720
a4 78
/t$3 93
C488
Fort Peck Mont
i$5 00
6 44
611 50
611 50
Santee (school) Nebr
•
00,000
Nevada Nev
Mescalero, N. Mex r
Ouray, Utah
Uintah Valley Utah.
700,000
g4 27
04 90
04 90
04 90
/4 50
i
535,000
Chilocco school, Nebr
Carlisle school Pa
15O,OOO
55,720
Genoa school, Nebr
a Monthly delivery.
6 Net.
o Delivered not oftener than once a month, from November to May ; as required for balance.
d Monthly between June 30 and December 31.
eOne delivery, about October 16.
FOR BEEF FOR INDIAN SERVICE.
advertisement of April 23, 1884, for fwrmxhing supplies, ^-c.— Continued,
rates at which contracts have been awarded.]
BEEF— Continued.
355
jri
J. H. Kothwell.
J. H. Flowers.
Bernhard Bade.
C. B. Stone.
Gr. T. Newman.
S. M. Brunswick.
J.H.Biley.
.=
D
H
ri
E. Amoretti.
Morrison & Hart-
zel.
I
PH"
W. C. Koehler.
S3 OO
;joo
6$6 75
/'<» OO
67 75
66 OO
<
$7 95
$8 92
£7 24
-
$0 14
f&Z 87
$3 73
$3 «<2
Jv
6$0 06
fQQ
fi65 19
f&423^
;4 00
$8 25
6$i4 75
8 95
/Monthly delivery, as per advertisement.
g Monthly delivery for winter and spring months ; balance as required.
A Two deliveries, between July 1 and October 15.
iTwo deliveries, last. one not later than October 15.
7 As ordered by agent until October 1, then all delivered.
356 PROPOSALS RECEIVED AND CONTRACTS AWARDED
Abstract of proposals received and contracts awarded in Washington, D. C., under
[NOTE.— Figures iii largo type denote the
BEEF.
Points of delivery.
Quantity offered.
Quantity awarded.
I
A. H. Wnder.
M. C. Conners.
C. D. Woolworth.
W. S. Woods.
C>
1
Q
W. B. Jordan.
Agencies.
Colorado River, Ariz . . .
Southern Ute, Colo
Cheyenne River, Dak . .
Crow Creek, Dak
Pounds.
75, 000
150, 000
1, 750, 000
750, 000
200, 000
1, 250, 500
6, 500, 000
220, 000
6, 000, 000
3, 500, 000
700, 000
53, 000
110, 000
45, 000
280, 000
200, 000
30, 000
150, OOD
100, 000
300, 000
800, 000
400, 000
250, 000
400, 000
17, 000
175, 000
300, 000
Pounds.
92,500
140,000
2,000,000
800,000
1,550,OOO
7,OOO,OOO
Dolls.
a5 17
a3 97
63 83
63 83
Dolls.
Dotts.
Dotts
DolU
Dolls.
Dolls.
Dolls
c3 59 (23 62}
ei 99
5 42
/5 22
g3 74
h3 62}
i3 76}
ji 93
w463
i3 61}
ji 89
li 98
kl 24
Fort Berthold, Dak....
Lower Brul6, Dak
Pine Ridge, Dak*
63 73
c3 59
n3 23
ki 75
fo 42
ft3 62£
pi 70
93 44
Rosebud, Dak
6,666,606
4,000,000
70O,OOO
53,OOO
11O,OOO
45,000
280,OOO
2OO,OOO
30,000
250,000
15O,OOO
4OO,OOO
800,OOO
63 63 v3 23
ki 86
63 83 c3 7O
63 73
pi 42
9337}
Standing Rock, Dak ...
YanktonDak
£3 83}
J5 19}
z3 54}
ji 66
/443
Chilocco School, Ind. T .
Otoe, Ind. T
63 43
63 43
a3 33
nil 43
nil 53
a3 97
a3 97
'3 37}
ki 05
'3 37}
ki 05
'3 37}
ki 05
Pawnee Ind. T
Ponca, Ind. T
Oakland, Ind. T
Sac and Fox, I. T
Fort Hall Idaho
Lemhi, Idaho
Blaekfeet, Mont
Crow, Mont
43 97
Fort Belknap, Mont
Fort Peck, Mont
Nevada, if ev ......
35O,OOO
500,000
2O,OOO
£ 400,OOO|
kQ 43
li 98
Uintah Valley, Utah ....
Ouray Utah
a4 i7
a4 17
* Also offered by E. Storm in monthly deliveries at $4.70 per 100 pounds.
a Delivered in reasonable time.
& Delivered October 1st.
c Monthly as required to October 1st ; balance on or before October 15th.
d Monthly until October.
e Monthly deliveries ; spring deliveries to average 750 pounds.
/Delivered as required.
0 As heretofore in fall of year.
h One delivery first 15 days September.
1 Monthly till October 1st, then aU ; first delivery about August 1st.
j Monthly delivery ; spring delivery 700 pounds average.
A; Monthly delivery.
I One delivery not' later than September or October 15th.
m One delivery not later than October or before August.
n Monthly delivery to January 1st.
o Net, delivery for January, February, March and April.
^Delivered as required to October 1st; then monthly to May 1st; balance as required.
FOR BEEF FOR INDIAN SERVICE.
357
advertisement of June 3, 1884, for furnishing beef for the Indian service.
rates at which contracts have been awarded.]
BEEF.
1
d
Fi
Levi Wilson.
R. M. Powers.
hi
fc
N.Hansen.
H. B. Wynn.
W. H. K. Montgom-
ery.
E. S. Ford.
R P. Walker.
E. S. Newman.
I
£
Doll
§ J. H. Hurlburt.
J? 1
E. Griswold.
|
M
d
M
Boward Miller.
A.N.Mnrdock.
Chas. Popper.
bb
ft
0
Z>oKs
Dote.
Dolls.
Dolls
Dotts.
Dotts
Dotts
Dotts.
DoK*
Dotts.
Dolls.
Doll
Doll
Dolls
Dolls
M 71*
«484
o7 50
•
r4 65
N
*3 53
t3 73
«3 62
r4 65-
*5 09
c3 92
*3 53
«3 73
M 39
w4 00
x5 37
4 22
63 97
/4 77
«65
4 174
y346|
4 17i
2/346
4 m
3 46
ci 58
*5 97
23 82
M 77
6 42
k6 17
04 67
34 19
5 47
M 73
63 87
63 93
M 34
c4 94
i-6 38
&4 87
6 52
0493
m6 43
&6 93
0543
«4 19
13J
13
460
/4 75
*590
£5 90
'"T"
q As required to October 1st.
r Average price.
* Monthly delivery for July, August;and September ; remainder from October 1st to October 20th.
t Monthly from July to October 20th, then to deliver amount required for November and December,
January, February and March ; balance monthly.
u Delivered as required to Noveinbtr 1st ; balance one delivery.
v Monthly delivery to October 1st ; between October and October 15th sufficient to last till June 1,
1885, and balance when called for after June 1, 1885.
w One delivery on or before November 1st.
x Monthly delivery not less than 100,000 pounds ; commence not later than August 1st.
y One delivery between September 15th and October 15th.
z Two deliveries in August and October.
1 One delivery not later than September 15th.
2 Two deliveries— first as required ; second about October 15th.
• Two deliveries on or before November l»t.
« Delivery October 15th.
8 One delivery, August to October.
6 One delivery, when called for.
358
PROPOSALS RECEIVED AND CONTRACTS AWARDED
Abstract of proposals received and contracts awarded in New York City, under
[NOTE.— Figures in large type denote the rates at which contract have been awarded ;
BACON. (" Short, clear sides," winter cured, sound,
1
1
1
ID
1
1
.
a
1 i
Points of delivery.
?
c3
®
.2
1
§
%
I
3
"1
c8
&
N
«1
£
1
& "
^
a
2
02
I
z*
6
te
PH
C?
3
tsj
E3
£
W
&
^
Agencies.
Lbs.
Pounds.
Dol
Dol,
Dolls.
Dolls.
Dolls.
Dol
Dol
Doll<t
Dolls
Mescalero N.Mex
2,000
6,660
2,000
17 00
17 00
16 75
17 73
16 73
Navajo and school, N. Mex. . .
Pima school N. Mex
19 00
Cities.
\
Chicago HI
200 000
75 OOO
9 3O
8 50
9 40
130, 000
9 50
Bismarck Dak
100 000
10 60
Kansas City Mo
529, 270
5O,OOO
9 5O
60 000
9 87i
Kansas City or Omaha
100, 000
9 53
Lawrence school Kans
13, 600
200 000
Sioux City Iowa
360,OOO
8 50
9 47
9 58
Saint Louis Mo
529 270
8 50
Valentine, Nebr
250! 000
Wadsworth Nev
6,000
BARLEY.
Agencies.
Colorado Kiver Ariz
10 000
1O,OOO
4 75
25 000
35,OOO
Pima Ariz
20 000
2O,OOO
2 70
San Carlos Ariz
50* 000
5O,OOO
3 43
BEANS. (Good merchantable quality,
1 300
1 3OO
9 00
1 200
l,'.iOO
7 SO
25* 000
25,OOO
8 42
Cities.
Bismarck Valentine Cham-
193 020
berlain, and Yankton.
Chicago 111
193 000
3 R5
193, 020
27 500
63 000
106 000
6O,OOO
31 000
Kansas City
193 020
27 500
193 000
4 45
129 000
198 621
120 §00
193 020
4 15
193 000
4 00
I
a Delivered during December, January, February, or March.
FOR BACON, BARLEY, AND BEANS FOR INDIAN SERVICE. 359
advertisement of April 23, 1884, for furnishing supplies, $~c. — Continued,
awards were made on comparison of samples which accompanied bids.]
sweet, merchantable, and put up in gunnies.)
John Volz.
W. C. Bartle.
1
g
d
E. Griswold.
1
^4
*
W. S. Maxwell.
Edward Lynes.
J. D. Kittenhouse.
Chas. Phillips and
A. J. Wakefield.
Isaac Leiberman.
1
3
d
1-3
Walter Strange.
S. B. Wing.
£
0
H. Crohen.
DoUs.
Dolls.
Dotts.
DoU*.
Dolls.
Dolls.
Dotts.
DoUs.
Dolls.
Dolls.
Dolls.
Dolls.
Dolls.
Dolls.
Dolls.
10 00
9 23
11 16
18 00
BARLEY.
4 79
9 97
3 34
347
3 60
4 49
3 00
3 19
3 29
2 70
365
3 74
2 74
2 90
sound and clean, and put up in double bags.)
9 94 ..
8 98
8 24
649
.
4 25
4 34
7 10
3 62f
3 54
-
4 34
7 00
3 75
3 59
3 70
i
360
PROPOSALS RECEIVED AND CONTRACTS AWARDED
Abstract of proposals received and contracts awarded in New York City, under
[NOTE. — Figures iii large type denote the rates at which contracts have been awarded ;
BEANS.— Continued.
1
•g
1
si
«
g
cj
•d
1
1
0
rt
i
p
a
9
a
^
o
3
Points of delivery.
Quantity
r
\
d
1
ti
I
fi
1
w
Numa Re
Z. Staab.
|
1
h4
1
John Art
Cities.
Pounds.
Pounds.
New York
193 020 -- - -
&4 34
$3 50
27,500
al ool
35 000
SfcS K4.
15, 000
7 75
22 000
3 62
6,000
3 44
200, 000
$3 77
3 74
3 69
.•Tfc> OOO
3 66
3 37
3 18
Saint Louis Mo
193 000
3 874
$3 70
4 20
COFFEE. (Sound and clean, and
jigr«ncies.
Mescalero N Mex
10 000
Cts.
15 77&
$0 19
Cts.
Navajo and school,
N M
2 700
17
Ouray Utah
5 000
22i
Pueblo N Mex
120
$0 15J
Uintah Valley,
Utah
4 000
221
Cities.
Brooklyn, N. Y....
450, 000
$10 49
2 000
10 77
New York N. Y
443 475
10 12*
443,475
10 37£
T^adsworth Nev
1 300
CORN. (Full whole grain, weighing not less than
Agencies.
Cheyenne River,
Dak
20 000
Dol.
Crow Creek Dak
20 000
2O,OOO
Crow, present lo-
10 000
10 ooo
Crow, new loca-
tion Mont
10 000
10,000
Fort Peck Mont
20 000
20,000
Meacalero N Mex
20 000
20,000
2 64
4 20
•
4 23
9 000
0,000
4 30
Pueblo ' N. Mex
10* 000
8 790
8,8OO
2 17
Santee Nebr
25 000
25, OOO
Sisseton Station,
Dak
9 500
9,5OO
Cities.
Arkansas City,
IviUlH
20 000
117* 300
117,3OO
Caldwell Kans
100 000
Detroit Minn
2 000
2,OOO
Lawrence Kans
24 000
24,OOO
20 000
Seneca, Mo....
20 000
2O.OOO
Valentine Nebr
500 000
3OO,OO<>
300 000
200 000
100 000
a For Colorado River School, San Carlos Agency, Navajo Agency and school.
FOR BEANS, COFFEE, AND CORN FOR INDIAN SERVICE. 361
advertisement of April 23, 1884, for furnishing supplies, <pc. — Continued,
awards were made on comparison of samples which accompanied bids.]
BE ANS— Continued.
»
1
i
1
§
1
ti
.2
fl
ri
. E. Whylti
§a
Poo
0^
Wallace.
Griswold
0
1
d
W
43
S3
d
1
i
d
f
{
I
Ps
ri
«1
^
Hi
H
<1
<1
H
0
W
*
h?
HJ
H
*
delivered in strong, double sacks.)
Cts.
152
$10 12J
$9 98
$9 11
$9 75
1O 47
9 94
10 00
10 79
10 99
10 37i
$0 18
56 pounds to the bushel, delivered in gunnies.)
$1 55
1
$160
3 87
2 99
$1 73
3 69
2 3-3
$2 91
3 00
$3 74
4 94
3 74
1 40
1 2O
1 63
1 69
1 34
91
1 44
1 79
98
1 34
1 64
$125
1 40
$1 33
$150
$1O8
i 33
1 29
$1 36
1 41
1 43
362
PROPOSALS RECEIVED AND CONTRACTS AWARDED
Abstract of proposals received avid contracts awarded in New York City, undet
f NOTE.— Figures in large type denote the rates at which contracts have been awarded
CORKMEAL.
-d
1
a
.
J>
•
y
«y
s
>i
.
"S
Points of delivery.
|
|
1
r/5
!
!
4
1
1
1
§
•
o
ft)
02
w
n
1
§
<§»
5
H
F
S3
tq
£
od
Agencies.
Pounds.
Pounds.
Dol.
Dol.
DoZ.
DoZ.
7)oZ.
DoZ.
7)o)!.
Dol.
Cheyenne River, Dak
2,000
2 OOO
2 ***£
Devil's Lake, Dak
700
2 99
Lower Brnle. Dak
500
5OO
1 99
2 00
Mescalero N. Mex
75 000
75,OOO
4 83
3 97
4 25
324
3 47
Navajo school, N. Mex
11, 000
11,OOO
4 73
4 75
7 00
Standing Rock, Dak
5,000
2 34
Sisseton Station, Dak
4,300
4,3OO
2 24
Cities.
Arkansas City, Kans
3 500
3,500
1 30
Chicago, Ills .".'
143, 370
Kansas City, Mo
143, 370
5,700
1 39
1 45
120, 000
Lawrence Kans
19 000
19,000
1 34
Omaha, Nebr
143, 000
1O,6OO
Seneca, Mo
4,280
4,280
Saint Louis, Mo
143, 000
Wadsworth, Nev
4,000
4,OOO
FLOUR. (Straight full stock, of good sound wheat, 60 pounds of wheat
Agencies.
Blackfeet Mont
240, 000
300, 000
100, 000
40, 000
15, 000
20, 000
60, 000
55, 000
300, 000
100, 000
63,*700
5,000
58,700
150, 000
160, 000
100, 000
500, 000
200, 000
100, 000
200, 000
38, 300
18, 300
20 000
305,200
400,OOO
4 94
Cheyenne River, Dak
Colorado River, Ariz
Crow, Mont
55,000
'/300.000
500,000
a249
62 97
2 78
3 23
Crow Creek, Dak
2 60
Devil's Lake, Dak
Fort Belknap, Mont
Fort Berthold Dak
"5,666
58,70O
150,000
160,000
100,000
500,000
4 82
3 19
Fort Hall, Idaho
Fort Peck, Mont
Lower Brnl6, Dak
Mescalero, N. Mex
Navajo N Mex
3 32
2 78
2 60
200,000
38,300
5 97
4 58
5 12
4 94
Navajo (school), N. Mex
543
543
4 93
4 93
i
a Present location. 6 New location.
FOR CORNMEAL AND FLOUR FOR INDIAN SERVICE.
advertisement of April 23, 1884, for furnishing supplies, $c.— Continued,
awards were made on comparison of samples which accompanied bids.]
COKNMEAL.
363
i
1
d
w
Lafayette Hominy 1
Mills Company.
1
*c
ti
J. G. McGannon.
D. Treadway.
4
a
OJ
w
M
E. Griswold.
.s
p
u
«i
A. Keys.
H. Franklin.
Frank Palmer.
L. Zeckendorf.
E. Lynes.
W. S. Maxwell.
C. B. Stone.
1
4)
M
^>
ri
F.L.Benesse.
Dol.
DoZ.
DoZ.
DoZ.
DoZ.
Z>oZ.
Dol.
Dot
Dol
DoZ.
Dol
Dol
DoZ.
Dol
Dol
DoL
DoZ.
2 35
1 74
1 10
] SO
1 62*
1 62|
i so
to he ground down to 42 pounds of flour ; delirorod in 8-onnce osnahurgs.)
3 89
2 65
2 74
-
2 79
2 99
6 ?3
6 R3
6 58
6 78
7 10
6 ?3
•
5 94
6 24
6 58
ft 97
4 74
02 59
6 63
a2 50
62 93
&a 75
2 55
2 51
2 74
3 25
2 61
2 49
3 64
2 85
3 98
3 05
... .
:i 00
3 45
2 95
3 45
2 50
2 49
2 54
2 59
2 74
4 44
2 79
4 74
5 40
364 PROPOSALS RECEIVED AND CONTRACTS AWARDED
Abstract of proposals received and contracts awarded in New York City, under
f NOTE.— Figures in large type denote the rates at which contracts have been awarded;
FLOUR— Continued.
Points of delivery.
Quantity offered.
Quantity awarded-
83
I
d
<i
T. C. Power.
L. H. Maxfield.
E. D. Comings.
C. H. Searing.
H. C. Slavens.
A
1
f
W
4J
1
f
6
Dol.
oj
1
£
ri
Agencies.
Ouray Utah
Pounds.
100, 000
21, 000
800, 000
750, 000
75, 000
500, 000
200, 000
100, 000
40, 000
40, 000
40, 000
1, 241, 500
500, 000
1, 056, 000
200 000
Pounds.
1OO,OOO
21,OOO
Dol.
Dol.
Dol.
Dol.
Dol.
Dol.
Dol.
Dol.
5 50
Pima (school), Ariz
Pine Ridge Dak
4 63
44
64
San Carlos Ariz
750,000
75,OOO
500,OOO
5 14
4 21
84
96
24
Southern Ute, Colo
Standing Rock, Dak ....
TTintah Valley, Utah ....
Yankton, Dak
<* 75
2 99
SO,OOO
40,000
40,000
1,941,500
550
2 50
2 6O
2 69
2 95
Cities.
Ashland "Wis
2 99
2 85
Arkansas City, Kans . . .
Bismarck Dak
9 O4
2 27
2 72
2 65
Brainerd Minn .... .
319, 000
500, 000
17, 500
1 000 000
2 69
2 73
2 75
2 80
2 74
2 80
2 63
3 65
17,500
2 70
Caldwell Kans
2 37
Detroit Minn
43 030
2 69
2 85
Duluth "Minn
46, 000
5,000
2,380
14, 000
22, 500
59, 700
75, 000
98, 000
40, 000
100, 000
100, 000
400, 000
150, 000
49, 000
40, 000
63, 700
2 63
2 59
2 59
2 59
2 74
2 85
2 50
51,000
23,500
59,700
2 35
2 73
2 44
Lawrence Kans
98,OOO
£ 39
Park City Utah
...
3 00
3 00
Provo City, Utah
Rapid City Dak
1
4OO,OOO
850,000
49,000
' 50,OOO
3 10
2 96
3 00
Red Fork Ind T
2 67
Red Rock Mont
3 50
Rockford Dak
3 25
2 99
FOR FLOUR FOR INDIAN SERVICE.
advertisement of April 23, 1884, for furnishing supplies, #c. — Continued-
awards were made on comparison of samples which accompanied bids.]
FLOUR-Continued.
365
U)
ft
hi
ft*
Fred Walsen.
W. N. Dusenberry.
1
H
ft
H. Franklin.
"W. S. Fanshawe.
2
OB «H
1
I
i
s
I
J. D. Eittenhonse.
W. S. Maxwell.
6
1
03
W
C)
L. Zeckendorf.
L. Johnson.
1
I
6
W
Dol
Dol
Dol.
4 15
Dol.
DoZ.
Dol
Dol
DoZ.
a*
Dol
Dol.
JW.
Dol.
DoZ.
DoZ.
DoZ.
3 47
DoZ.
4 00
DoZ.
4 39
4 i«J
4 19
4 40
5 03
3 88
3 46
4 74
4 24
4 33
3 83|
4 88
4 74
3 45
0 9«>
4 83
5 12
3 60
3 09
3 40
4 15
3 OO
4 00
2 49
2 40
3 72
3 25
....
3 25
3 10
2 45
?, 65
2 46
.">" «><e
4 10
2 15
2 23
2 29
2 34
2 44
249
PROPOSALS RECEIVED AND CONTRACTS AWARDED
Abstract of proposals received and contracts awarded in Neiv York City, under
[NOTE.— Figures in large type deiiote the rates at which contracts have been awarded ;
FLOUR— Continued.
Points of delivery.
1
cS
a
>
1
1
•
1
.3
|
i
0)
1
ig
Sj
a
X
O
1
fc
^
i
q
8
g
|
OS
0
W
P
o
^
^
^
^
frj
*
S
A
W
6
125
^
^
<i
02
Cities.
Pounds.
Pounds.
Seneca, Mo
Sioux City, Iowa —
50, 310
300, 000
366,000
$2*75
$2 42
$2 56
$2 O7
2 16
100 000
2 50
160, 000
2 60
200, 000
2 70
2 24
2 34
2 43
500, 000
2 21
2 41
Valentine, Kobr .....
700, 000
700,000
$2 46
$2 47
2 57
200, 000
$2 54
2 59
2 63
700 000
2 73
*2 58
$2 61
2 56
?, 49
Vennillion Lake,
Minn
22 500
$6 00
Wads worth, Nev
Tankton, Dak
35, 000
500, 000
4*6,666
6 35
FEED. (Clear corn and oats, fresh
Agencies.
Cheyenne River, Dak
15, 000
15,OOO
1 75
Crow Creek Dak .
10 000
1O,OOO
• 1 60
Lower Brul6, Dak . . .
10, 000
1O,OOO
1 60
Cities.
Ashland Wis
14 000
I I,OOO
Brain erd Minn
14, 000
14,OOO
Dnluth Minn
8 000
8,OOO
Kansas City Mo
81 000
1O,OOO
Lawrence, )( a n s
10, 000
HARD BREAD. (Best quality used by Army,
Kansas City Kans
193 500
Omaha, Neor
193, 500
::::::::::::
Sioux City Iowa
193 500
Saint Louis Mo
193 500
193,500
"Wadsworth Nev
1 000
HOMTNT. (Good merchantable quality,
Agency.
Navajo Ag'y N Mex
1 200
Cities.
Chicago HI
42 980
•
2 25
Kansas City Mo
42 980
2 15
40 000
2 24
Sioux City. Iowa
42, 980
2 40
Saint Louis Mo
42 980
39,OOO
Saint Paul, Minn
42, 980
2 25
FOR FLOUR, FEED, HARD BREAD, AND HOMINY.
advertise ent of April 23, 1884, for furnishing supplies, <$~c. — Continued.
awards were made on comparison of samples which accompanied bids.]
FLOTJE^Continued .
367
Fremont Milling
Company.
M
B
d
H. B. Wynn.
T. C. Power.
|
1
IN
fee
1
ft
d
S.L. North.
1
s
D. Treadway.
W. H. Smith.
F. L. Sommer.
p
Corle C. & C. Co.
J. Garneau.jr.
$2 65
$6 1O
$5 90
$2 03
2 23
ground, of good sound grain.)
$2 19
2 09
$1 5O
2 09
1 50
9 49
2 1O
9 09
$1 OO
$1 30
furnished in strong boxes, ready for shipment.)
$3 87
$3 60
$3 50
$3 45
3 62J
$3 45
7 50
3 70
3 95
sound and clean, put up in double bags.)
$650
1 87i$l 90
368 PROPOSALS RECEIVED AND CONTRACTS AWARDED
Abstract of proposals received and contracts awarded in New York City, under.
I NOTE.— Figures in large type denote the rates at which contracts have been awarded ;
LARD. (" Prime steam," in tin cans
|
1
%
1
*
Points of delivery.
1
fe
1
i
1
1
1
f
W)
1
>
•-3
i
i
5
!
I
.2
P<
P<
1
i
9
§
o
0
H
w
cc
^
ao
o
w
0s
0*
O
«
P
^
^
^
W
0
Cities.
Pounds.
Pounds.
Chicago, Ills
19, 235
$9 50
$q no
19 235
9 25
Kansas City Mo ... .
9 000
19,235
$S5O
9 67^
Sioux City Iowa
19, 235
9 50
19 235
$10 37£
$10 25
10 75
Saint Paul, Minn
19, 235
9 25
!Xavajo school N Mex
50C
$16 50
$17 00
OATS. (Bright and clean, well sacked, and to
5 000
$1 44
3 200
3.3OO
$12O
20 000
a 0,000
1 44
1 24
Park City' Utah
20 000
Provo City TJtah
20 000
Kapid City, Dak
60 000
Seneca Mo
20 000
20,000
1 44
Valentine Uebr
60 000
00,000
TVadsworth Nev
2 000
Agencies.
Black feet Mont
10 000
10,000
Crow (present location),
Mont
2£ 000
Crow (new location),
Mont
25 000
25,000
Cheyenne River, Dak,
50 000
5O,OOO
Crow Creek Dak
10 000
1O,OOO
Lower Brule Dak
30 000
3O,OOO
5 000
5,OOO
$4 73
3 74
4 67
2 000
2,OOO
Flat head Mont
20 000
2O,OOO
Fort Belknap Mont
20 000
2O,OOO
Fort Peck Mont
90 000
2O,OOO
Santee Neb
24 000
24,OOO
Sisseten Dak
30, 000
3O,OOO
Southern Ute Colo
21 900
2 95
Uintah Valley Utah
20 000
26,600
FOR LARD AND OATS FOR INDIAN SERVICE.
advertisement of April, 23 1884, for furnishing supplies, <f-c.— Continued.
awards were made on comparison of samples which accompanied bids.]
ff 5 and 10 pounds net each.)
369
weigh not less than 32 pounds to the hushel.)
91 50
1 75
$129
$1 55
I 20 1 44
$1 55
$1 50
$1 45 $1 55
$460
$349
2 74
2 94
1 69
1 64
1 64
2 14
a 33
1 64
1 GO
...
...j...
1 4O
1 55
$187£
1 87i
1 49
1 43
$369
$464
$415
a sr
3 64
1 98
1 39
1 39
"150
145
1 60
1 63
1 69
":::
$3 95
i»
3 95
$3 50 $5 00
4266 IND 24
370 PROPOSALS RECEIVED AND CONTRACTS AWARDED FOR
Abstract of proposals received and contracts awarded in New Tork City, under
[NOTE.— Figures in large type denote the rates at which contracts have been awarded;
OATMEAL.
Points of delivery.
Cities
Pounds. Pounds
Chicago, 111 9,815
Kansas City, Mo 9,815
Saint Louis, Mo 9,815 5,815
PORK.
Sorrels. "Barrels.
Chicago, 111 706 128 $17 OO $1435;
100 $17 00
17 25
17 00
200J 17 50
206 17 75
Kansas City, Mo 706| 198 i$15 9O
Saint Louis, Mo 706' $17 00 14 35,....
Saint Paul, Minn 100 14O 17 5O I
120 1775
200| 18 00
206J 18 50j
I ; i i
RICE. (Good quality
Pounds. Pounds.
Chicago, 111 177,900 $5 65
Kansas City, Mo 177,900
New York.' 177,900 177,9OO 537 $492
Sioux City, Iowa 177,900 6 00
Saint Louis, Mo 177,900
Saint Paul, Minn 177,900 600
Wadsworth, Nev 800
Agencies.
Colorado River (school), Ariz . 1, 000
Mescalero, N. Mex 5, 000
Navajo, S. Mex 500
Navajo (school), N. Mex 700
San Carlos, Ariz 5, OOOj
SUGAR. (Granulated, in douhle hags of ahout 150
Cities.
Ignacio, Colo „,„„«,
New York 842,200; 842,2OO
S&mt Louis, Mo 842,200
Wadeworth, Nev 2,500
Agencis.
Mescalpro, N. Mex . . 10, 000,
Navajo, N. Mex ! 2,500
Navajo (school), N. Mex | 2, 600;
Quvay, Utah ! 10,000;
Pueblo, N. Mex I 240
Uintah Valley, Utah I 8, 000
OATMEAL, PORK, RICE, AND SUGAR FOR INDIAN SERVICE. 371
advertisement of April 23, 1884, for furnishing supplies, j-c.— Continued.
awards were made on comparison of samples which accompanied bids.]
OATMEAL.
i : ' i ' j
^ I
A. E. Whyl
L. Wallace.
1
1 ll i -1
H o ^ ; « 35 N
ft : w £ fc Ni ^
1
*
w
d
L. Johnson.
1
3^3
o -e
1 1
S HJ
i
$3 00 |2 90
2 90
•
$586*4 $3 °5
3 00
3 10
i
:
PORK.
delivered in double bags.)
1
•
$5 14 $5 12*
$5 04
$5 37*
560
550*
6 37i
$6 50
$8 00
|
r
. $12 50
$10 75
$14 00
13 00
13 00 *
10 50
i
pounds each ; or coffee "A" in ordinary sized barrels.)
i
$13 25
$6 58
$7 55
i
87 24
*
6 83
7 49
7 62
$7 30
7 45
7 60
$17 00
•
.
$12 95
$12 00
12 00
$15 47
$ii 85
i
i
15 47
372 PROPOSALS RECEIVED AND CONTRACTS AWARDED FOR
Abstract of proposals received and contracts awarded in New York City, under
[NOTE.— Figures in large type denote the rates at which contracts have been
SALT. (Good quality,
Points of delivery.
£5
§
i .
i
1
OP
bb
W
0
E.D. Comings.
.£
^
d
J. G. McGannon.
4
1
w
f
D. Treadway.
1
0
H
E. Griswold.
1
Cities.
Pounds.
24, 800
221, 465
2,800
3,900
6,240
221,465
221,465
2,150
55, 000
1,000
Pounds.
34,800
$120
Bismarck, Dak
$6 80
Dakota City, Nebr
$i 35
1 20
Seneca, Mo
6,340
13.000
$100
Saint Louis, Mo
$6 55 $0 62i
Sioux City, Iowa
65
Sisseton Station, Dak
2,2OO
$140
Valentine, Nebr
1 23
Wadsworth, Nev
1,OOO
$roo
Agencies.
2,250
750
2,000
2,000
5,000
3,000
4,000
2,500
3,000
3,000
5,000
1,900
500
30, 000
2, 000
20, 000
4,000
12, 000
3,000
Blackfeet, Mont
2,OOO
2,OOO
4 75
3 50
1 89
4 25
Crow Mont
Devil's Lake, Dak
Fort Belknap, Mont
3,OOO
4,000
2,500
5,000
3,000
5,000
1,90O
Fort Berthold, Dak
1 98
Fort Hall, Idaho
Fort Peck, Mont
2 24
1 4O
Lower Brule, Dak
Mescalero, N. Mex
Ufa va jo and school, N. Mex. .
Pinia school Ariz
4 40
5 00
San Carlos, Ariz
30,OOO
2,OOO
2O,000
4,000
3 51
Saute" Nebr
1 4O
Standing Rock, Dak
TJintah Valley, Utah
1 64
1 3O
Yankton Dak
1 35
1 40
TEA. (Oolong, superior to
Mescalero Agency, IT. Mex .
200
Cities.
7,365
7,365
New York or Saint Louis . . .
7,365
$0 26
Wadsworth, Nev
90
28
30
$0 40
TOBACCO. (Navy plug, light color, uniform leaf, sweetened
New York
500
500
Saint Louis Mo 9
5OO
$0 33
37
"WHEAT. (No. 1, spring or winter, sound, sweet, and clean, weighing not
Agencies.
Flathead Agency, Mont —
Pima Agency, N. Mex
20, 000
20, 000
2O,OOO
20,000
$2 98
;
SALT, TEA, TOBACCO, AND WHEAT FOR INDIAN SERVICE. 373
advertisement of April 23, 1884, for furnishing supplies, #c.— Continued,
awarded; awards were made on comparison of samples which accompanied bids.]
packed in strong barrels.)
L. ZeekundorJ'.
W. S. Maxwell.
C. Popper.
A
02
£
^
I
N
t
I
1-3
*
E. Lynes.
L. Johnson.
A. E. Whyland.
L. Wallace.
G. M. Acklin.
•«
Phillips & Wake-
field.
J. D. Eittenhouse.
H. C. Slavens.
$7 00
$695
$7 24
$4 6 b
$4 65
$4 44
46O
ti 00
3 22
4 25
$3 53
3 49
5 00
$41O
fine trade classification.)
$0 65
$024
28
31
!$0 23
26
$025
24
with best licorice and crushed sugar only enough for preservation.)
$0 35
3t
38
46
:-ss than 60 pounds to the bushels, put up in strong 2J-bushel single sacks.)
$297
$° 65
$3 73
$2 70
$199
$3 66
374
PROPOSALS RECEIVED AND CONTRACTS AWARDED
Abstract of proposals received and contracts awarded in New York City, under
[NOTE.— Figures in large type denote the
From .............. . .
New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore.
To-
L. Zeckendorf.
H. C. Slavens.
C. B. Stone.
R. C. Haywood.
0
ft
1
H
A. B. Havens.
03
8)
ft
H
i
fi
p
H
Casa Grande, Ariz
&$6 53
ac$6 39
c9 66
c7 47
d$5 90
68 98
/6 79
d8 00
69 05
dC* 90
gS 60
dS 35
0*7 5O
$785
10 90
7 18
$5 89
Colorado River, Ariz
San Carlos, Ariz
el 15
7 30
8 05
9 92
0$679
Colton Cal
Hoopa Valley, Cal
Round Valley, Cal
Sail Francisco Cal
Tulare Cal ....
Southern Ute, Cal
ac6 GO
7 24
a$7 74
Bismarck Dak
741 13
M 50
hi 35
hi 25
al 43
al 60
Til 55
hi 1O
hi 75
Til 30
al 35
al 70
1 30
Til 30
al 30
a4O
a$l 23
al 23
al 43
al 45
a2 41
al 75
al 68
al 25
al 68
al 46
al 45
a2 00
no I 63
nol 56
nol 56
an75
8 90
Chamberlain, Dak
al 62
Cheyenne River Dak
Crow Creek, Dak
Devil's Lake Dak
Flaudreau Dak
Fort Berthold, Dak
Fort Pierre Dak
Fort Stevenson, Dak
Lower Brul6 Dak
Eockford Dak
Sisseton, Dak
Standing Rock Dak
Yankton Agency, Dak
Yankton Dak
ai 4*9
Chicago 111
8 50
Ro^s Fork Idaho
Musko^ee Ind. T
2 48
2 74
1 75
1 7O
q2 64
Red Fork Ind T
Sioux City Iowa . .
a70
noS4
acl 86
acl 86
acl 63
acl 73
acl 73
acl 67
2 34
2 34
1 88
1 75
1 60
q2 73
q2 73
o2 10
?244
q2 44
q2 20
Caldwell Kans
2 34
2 24
Silver Lake Kans
White Cloud Kans
2 34
al 4O
al 60
al 00
a3 75
aral 60
anl 85'
anl 50
an5 OOi
Detroit Minn
Duluth Minn
Vermillion Lake Minn
adl 25
ql 64
a All rail.
b Delivered in 60 days.
c Usual running time freight lines.
d Delivered in 30 days.
e Delivered in 65 days.
/ Delivered in 80 days.
g Delivered in 90 days.
h Rail and river ; freight to be shipped before
close of navigation.
i From New York only.
k During navigation ; no river risks.
FOR TRANSPORTATION FOR INDIAN SERVICE.
375
advertisement of April 23, 1884, for fwrnisliing transportation for the Indian service.
rates at which contracts have been awarded.!
Xew York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, j Saint Paul.
Sioux City.
£
>
^
H
d
h>
*»
N
6
•j
>
H
H
ti
F. P. Schiff baner.
«
*®
^
^
E. D. Comings.
T. C. Power.
i
H
ti
i
«
N
T. C. Power.
EH
ti
I
0
^
&$O 53
Al 00
Al 05
Al 05
al OO
al 25
Al 15
A60
Al 10
Al 00
a60
al 00
90
J98
al 00
a35
no$0 97
nol 25
nol 30
wol 30
anl 60
awl 60
nol O5
nol 40
nol 05
nol 30
an70
anl 25
nol 15
nol 50
nol 50
A$0 65 no$6 94
!A75 no50
A65 no70
hi 5 no60
al 6O «/i2 10
a75; ara75
hi 45' wol 35
ft60| «o70
M 40 nol 35
A75i no60
al 10 a/i 1 1O
al 4O; anl 50
75 nol 00
A79 no60
a25 ?io60
a'iii 65
il 65
il 36
o$O SO
nol 00
100
a$O4O
a-eo
*55
$1 40
1 30
t$l 68
Z$0 75
245
ail 65
a?5
a35
1 75
11 15
al 38
iifcl 80
a-6o
1 20
M 30
'itiob
M5 Z40
zi'eo
wnl 57
*fcl 60
fltsb
£95
ai*0
A^5
M5
ai20
Z75
.
ail 25
43
$dp44
<2$6 9O
«
a6O no75
ol 79
prl 86
djp!24
I
;;::"T : ::::
'
a79
a9O
a35
a2 OO
al 00
an95
anl 20
an50
an4 65
al 15
al 25
a95
a2 50
a60
anl 50
anl 75
anl 15
ano 00
^..
*
d>99
•
I All rail to Missouri ; unavoidable accidents
on Missouri excepted; during navigation
on Missouri.
m Rail to Pierre ; thence boat.
n Delivered within reasonable time.
o All rail to Missouri during navigation. Xot
responsible for unavoidable river accidents ;
if responsible, 5 cents per 100 extra.
p Kail and water.
rail; usual time rail routes, at least 80
miles per day.
rDelivered in 40 days.
376 PROPOSALS RECEIVED AND CONTRACTS AWARDED
Abstract of proposals received and contracts awarded in JVeiw York City, unJe?
[NOTE.— Figures in large type denote ih<
From ....
New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore,
To—
A. B. Havens.
H. C. Slavens.
1
o
P
R
H*
K. C. Haywood.
i
0
tf
c
i
I
d
H
!
a
d
hi
^
£
|zq
I
M
d
K. C. Morohouse.
Seneca Mo
ac$2 10
ad$l 62
ad5 12
$2 24
$140
Arlee Mont
a$440
a2 90
ft6 17
/<7$4 59
fg%39
&64
fga 50
fg3 22
fgS 64
*7594
(7350
/fl-222
</235
flr305
Billings Mont
Black feet Mont
Coal Banks Mont . . .
Crow (old) Mont
ad4 63
ad* 63
a3 45
«355
Crow (new) Mont
Fort Belknap Mont
Fort Benton Mont
Fort Peck, Mont
1
i$2 35
Glendive Mont
«2 45
a3 67
i
Helena Mont .......
Red Rock Mont
e$695
Stillwater Mont
!
a9 45
al 10
al 95
g2 65
a/1 O2
Dakota City, Nebr
i
a/$159
a/190
Genoa Nebr
u
e3 85
Niobrara JiTebr
0140
0140
Santfe Nebr
ai 70
i
Sidney ISTebr
a3 85
ac2 54
e350
Valentine, Jf ebr
al 70
ajASl 35
«jZ15O
Elko Nev
e800
e80O
W^idflworth Nev
Las Crutes, N. Mex . .
Las Vegas, 1ST. Mex . .
Manuelito, N. Mex . . .
ac5 70
m5 40
ac7 20
5 48
448
7 48
7 28
7 90
553
600
aa"6 12
ad677
ad5 69
Navajo N Mex
Santa Fe,K Mex
Carlisle Pa
ac5 40
494
Henrietta Tex
m3 20
m3 20
2 24
2 94
19O
199
Wichita Falls, Tex. . .
Ouvay Utah
adS 30
Park' City Utah
e575
«575
e575
Provo City Utah
Salt Lake Utah
Uiutah Valley, Utah . .
ad83O
Ashland Wis
al 1O
al%5
of 2 24
a/2 24
Clintonville Wis
"Rawlins Wyo
e5 50
Lewiston Idaho
f8 90
Forest Grove, Oreg . . .
•
Pendleton Oreg
The Dalles Oreg
Sheridan Oreg
Toledo Oreg
Gray's Harbor W^ash
Kinney's Station,
Wash
NewTicoma W^ash
Port Townsend, Wash
Puyallup Reservation,
,
Spokane Falls, Wash.
Tenino Wash
/r 90
Tulalip Wash
Union City Wash
I
a All rail.
o Usual time of rail routes, at least 80 miles per day.
d Usual running time of freight lines.
e Delivered within 30 days.
/Delivered within reasonable time.
g All rail to Missouri during navigation. No re
sponsibility for unavoidable river accidents; if
responsible, 5 cents per 100 extra.
ft All rail, and rail and river. Freight must be
shipped before close of navigation.
FOR TRANSPORTATION FOR INDIAN SERVICE.
377
advertisement of April 23, 1884, for furnishing transportation, #c. — Contiuued.
rates at which contracts have been awarded
Xew York, Philadelphia,
and Baltimore.
Saint Paul.
Sioux City.
C. V,. Stono.
L. Spiogelberg.
W. Spiegelberg.
E. A.Ilobbins.
E. D. Comings.
.
1
d
H
K. C. Morehouso.
C. B. Stone.
E. D. Comings.
o
1
d
H
i
p
i-s
K. C. Morehouse.
1
^
d
o$4 00
a2 00
h5 60
^400
fgi ^5
/i/505
/ fl« 75
/ g* 6«
/ff3 04
f (7534
/0290
/5i«»
/0175
/^305
a$4 40
a2 60
&6 15
/^435
/ fl« 35
/0535
/i/300
/^335
/g354
/^584
/?34O
/flr2 12
/^335
fgSSS
a2 90
a375
a3 55
a3 90
i$160
al 85
a3 25
a2 35
a3 65
ai"S5
a60
<zl9O
/flr2 00
a/80
a235
a25
al90
fg2 50
a/35
/<7l4O
fgi- 40
/f7 5*6
/^50
.
a!35
a75
<#£$100
ajkl$0 6O
a$085
lo$7 75
ri$743
a<Z790
nl 23
nS 43
O 55
.
alOO
a!75
a/ 1 75
af 2 25
al25
a!75
a/ 2 00
af 2 49
8 50
80O
1190
800
r 50
750
1000
930
850
6OO
6OO
700
8 5C
700
800
900
$850
800
1190
800
750
75O
1000
930
850
!
6OO
6OO
70O
85O
700
8OO
900
i
i
i All rail to Missouri ; unavoidable accidents on ZFrom Philadelphia and Baltimore.
Missouri excepted; during navigation on Mis- w All rail, usual time rail routes, at least 80 miies
souri River. per day.
n Delivered in 30 to 60 days.
7 Delivered in 45 days.
k From New York only.
378
PROPOSALS RECEIVED AND CONTRACTS AWARDED
Abstract of proposals received and contracts awarded in New Tork City, under
[NOTE.— Figures in large type denote the
Chicago.
To-
L. Zeckendorf.
H. C. Slavens.
9
tt
6
E. C. Haywood.
E. C. Kerens.
1
Pi
d Ariz
fc$6 43
ac$5 54
ac9 36
ac6 87
d$5 90
&8 98
/6 79
dS 00
&9 05
d6 9O
g8 6O
d5 25
(17 5O
. $7 75
10 80
6 84
.$5 50
el 05
6 95
7 3O
9 15
#$649
Colton Gal
Round Valley Cai
Tulare Cal • -•-
ac6 36
7 24
Chamberlain Dak
Crow Creek Dak .. --•
Devil's Lake Dak
i
Tort Berthold Dak
Fort Pierre Dak
Fort Stevenson, Dak
Lower Ernie Dak
Rockford Dak
Sisseton Dak -
Yankton Agency Dak
Tankton, Dak
Ross Fork Idaho
Muskogee Ii\d. T . .
2 32
2 54
1 25
1 13
Red Fork Ind T
Sioux City Iowa ..... .
A rkansas City, Kans
acl 46
acl 46
acl 33
acl 43
acl 43
1 94
1 94
1 68
2 14
2 04
2 14
1 50
1 48
Caldwell Kans
Lawrence Kans -
"NTetawaka Sans
SilveB Lake Kans
"White Cloud Kans
acl 33
Brainerd Minn
Detroit Minn
Dnluth Minn
Vermillion Lake, Minn
a All rail.
b Delivered in 60 days.
c Usual running time freight lines,
d Delivered in 30 days.
e Delivered in 65 days.
/ Delivered in 80 days.
a Delivered in 90 days.
h Usual time for all rail rates, not less than 80 miles per day.
FOR TRANSPORTATION FOR INDIAN SERVICE.
379
advertisement of April 23, 1884, for furnish ing transportation, $-c. — Continued,
rates at which contracts have been awarded.]
Chicago
San Fi-an-
cisco.
i
gj
H
So
o
p
1
d
H
I
d
hS
1
F. P. Schiffbauer.
1 1
t/^.i ',)(>
63 9O
/C OO
i>:{ s.5
J-J OO
ji 9O
«2 iiO
o/i$7 29
''SO SO
^•$^1 97
ah79
' a$O 6O
il 00
7*93
1 00
7*1 27
2$O 95
*m$l 34
1 00
•g-
.7*1 10
Z8O
al 12
aJc2 09
\
al OO
al 30
aM 40
il 25
jkl 49
11 35
mnl 10
i6O
j*l 05
a*l 00
il 4O
j*l 49
nl 00
il 00
jkl 10
Z75
al OO
ail 10
al 4O
a*l 65
?i9O
1 00
?'*! 30
Zl 20
*ol 33
«8O
il 05
jkl 20
a74
a65
al 00
jkl 20
f?s<j 6O 4 OO
ah2 30
a4O
9*75
(th2 09
'
CA/S| 3O
ah2 09
opl 34
ahl 25
!
ahl 60
.
ahl 60
aM 45
al 16
*1 25
al 25
a*l 50
a6O
O*l 15
a2 5O
a*4 65
ahl 00
J(JQ
i Rail and river ; freight to be shipped before close of navigation.
7 All rail to Missoor dnring navigation. Not responsible for unavoidable river accidents ; if respon
sible, 5 cents per 100 extra.
A; Delivered within reasonable time.
I All rail to Missouri ; unavoidable accidents on Missouri excepted ; during navigation on Missouri
in. From New York only.
n During navigation ; no river risk.
o Rail to Pierre ; thence boat.
p Delivered in 40 days.
380
PROPOSALS RECEIVED AND CONTRACTS AWARDED
Abstract of proposals received and contracts awarded in New York City, under
[NOTE. — Figures in large type denote the
Prom.
Chicago.
To—
Seneca, Mo
Arlee, Mont
Billings, Mont
Blackleet, Mont
Coal Banks, Mont . . .
Crow (old), Mont ....
Crow (new), Mont . . .
Fort Belknap, Mont ,
Fort Benton, Mont . .
Fort Peck, Mont ....
Glendive, Mont
Helena, Mont
Red Rock, Mont
Stillwater, Mont
Dakota City, Nebr. . .
Genoa, Nebr
Niobrara, Nebr
Santee, Nebr
Sidney, Nebr
Valentine, Nebr
Elko, Nev . .
ac$l 33
ae4 72
ac4 13
ac4 13
I
O
$2 04
Wadsworth, Nev
Las Graces, N. Mex
Las Vegas, N. Mex
Manuelito, N. Mex
Mescalero, N. Mex ac5 82 I
Navajo, N. Mex I ac6 42
Santa Fe, N. Mex
Henrietta, Tex
Wichita Falls, Tex
Ouray,TTtah
Park City, Utah
Provo City, Utah I
Salt Lake, Utah
Uintah Valley, Utah I ac7 92
Ashland, Wis \
Clintonville, Wis I
Eawlins.Wyo I
Lewiston, Idaho I
Forest Grove, Oreg j
Klamath, Oreg
Pendleton, Oreg
The Dalles, Oreg |
Sheridan, Oreg j
Toledo, Oreg !
Gray's Harbor, "Wash
Kiuney's Station, Wash
New Tacoma, "Wash
Port Townsend, Wash
Puyallup Reservation, Wash
Spokane Falls, Wash
Tenino, Wash ,
Tulalip, Wash
Union City, Wash
$1 23 i
a3 30
abl 89
5 28
4 28
7 28
7 08
7 80
ac5 39 I.. 4 74
! 204
! , 2 64
92
g%8 50
hS 00
mil 90
nS OO
h7 5O
h7 50
olO 00
o9 20
8 50
/,<<» 00
//« 00
m oo
8 50
7 00
nS OO
»9 00
5 25
abS 30
aJA 70 .
4 97 , a66 90 '
5 95
1 75
I 75
&4 60
abl 95
fl62 95
a All rail.
l> Usual time rail routes, at least 80 miles per day.
c Usual running time freight lines.
d All rail to Missouri during navigation. No responsibility for unavoidable river accidents ; if re-
sponsible, 5 cents per 100 extra.
e Delivered in reasonable time.
/ All rail to Missouri ; unavoidable accidents on Missouri excepted during navigation on Missouri.
g Delivered in 80 days.
FOR TRANSPORTATION FOR INDIAN SERVICE.
381
advertisement of April 23, 1834, for furnishing transportation, $c. — Continued,
rates at which contracts hsve been awarded.]
Chicago.
San Fran-
cisco.
.
K. 1). Coinings.
1
d
H
J. C. McVay.
George W. Felt.
£
1
M
fc
K. C. Morehouse.
L. Spiegelberg.
W. Spiegelberg.
C. B. Stone.
a$4 10
de$4 24
a'2 60
de2 O9
«5 85
deS 34
de'3 2O
a3 15
de% 92
•i 1O
de3 34
de5 64
de3 2O
del 92
f'$i 90
a2 10
de2 O5
a3 35
de3 35
r/6 7O
a<j 15
de2 35
a75
ae99
ae$l 25
al 71
ael 56
#3 85
del 1O
al 20
del 1O
o3 50
al 36
cthikQO 85
e (W)
0$4 OO
(78 OO
«4 OO
$7 60
Z$7 43
ac7 75
11 23
ft> 43
g5 50
o-5 5O
//5 5O
a5S
ael 99
a76
ael 99
:;;
^5 25
e8 90
g-i OO
A3 7O
7 OO
4 OO
3 OO
3 7O
4 9O
4 4O
4 9O
95
95
1 SO
ei 9O
4 6O
3 25
3 4O
3 85
^ Delivered in 45 days.
i From New York only.
A; From Philadelphia and Baltimore.
I Delivered in 30 to 60 days,
m Delivered in 120 days.
n Delivered in 60 days.
o Delivered in 100 davs.
382 PROPOSALS RECEIVED AND CONTRACTS AWARDED
Abstract of proposals received and contracts awarded in New York City, under
[NOTE.— Figures in large type denote the
To—
L. Zeckendorf.
1
0
W
M
M
P
B. C. Haywood.
*
M
d
rf
o$6 43
6c$5 84
d$5 90
$7 75
Si.l 4O
bd 36
aS 98
10 80
el 05
bo6 87
/6 79
6 84
6 80
d8 00
y 15
Hoopa'Vallev Cal
a9O5
9 08
Redding Cal -
d69O
Round v alley Cal
a86O
;/5 25
Tulare Cal
i/r so
Southern TJte Colo
Z>c626
7 24
Bismarck Dak .. •-
Devil's Lake Dak
Flandreau Dak ........
Fort Berthold Dak
Fort Pierre Dak .. .....
Lower Brul6 Dak
Rockford Dak
Sisseton Dak
Yankton Dak
Chicago 111
Muskogee Ind T
2 32
1 15
Red Fork Ind T
2 54
98
Sioux City, Iowa
6cl 34
1 94
1 20
C aid well Kans
bcl 34
1 94
1 18
bcl 23
1 68
bcl 33
2 14
bcl 33
2 04
White Cloud Kans
6cl 43
2 14
Brainerd Minn
...
Detroit Minn
Duluth Minn
Vermillion I/ake Minn
.
Kansas City Mo
::::
1 23
2 04
98
a Delivered in 60 days.
6 All rail
c "Usual running time freight lines.
d Delivered in 30 days.
e Delivered in 65 days.
/ Delivered in 80 days.
g Delivered in 90 days.
h "Usual time for all-rail routes not less than 80 miles per day.
FOR TRANSPORTATION FOR INDIAN SERVICE.
383
advertiswnent of April 23, 1884, for furnishing transportation, ^c.— Continued,
rates at which contracts have been awarded. ]
Saint Louis.
« 8,
1 1
i a 1
£ « P
H <i | H
1
M S.
I *
^ a
o ^
H O
|
GO
1 E
^ -3
^ s
5^ h'
1
'/!*6 49
i
Wi$7 38
i SO 9O
jjfc$l 55
6A1 55 il 1O
jifcl 15
; | 10
jkl 55 A;Z$1 68
il 1O
jkl 45
i
&1 25
6ifc2 45
7>1 4O
6fcl 75 '
il 65
jjfcl 68
il 1O
ifcl 35 bkl 38
il 6O
?A-1 68
il 2O
jkl 4u
51 fo
6fcl 40
&1 55
bfc2 00
«. 1 39
jkl 55 fcml 68
i99
jkl 45
61 24 &1 1O
jfcl 45
•">»>
8 90
&$669
6M 75
6ft95 66O
jkl 00
&A1 89
ftngl 2O
&A1 89
b?il 27
5^1 24
Z>£69
,/, 1 30
•"'/'! 3O
o/«l 19
51 2O
fcl 40
61 35
bkl 65 :
!
bl OO
tH 50
62 75
&Jfc5 00
&M 00
6(i54
i 6M 30
i Rail and river freight to be shipped before close of navigation.
j All rail to Missouri ; during navigation not responsible
sible, 5 cents per 100 extra.
k Delivered in reasonable time.
I From New York only.
in Rail to Pierre, thence boat.
n Delivered in 40 days.
for unavoidable river accidents ; if respon-
184 PROPOSALS RECEIVED AND CONTRACTS AWARDED
Abstract of proposals received and contracts awarded in Xeic York City, under
[NOTE. — Figures in large type denote the
To.-
L. Zeckendorf.
H. C. Slavens.
A
d
R. C. Hay wood.
R. O. Kerens.
o$6 23
6c$5 34
d$5 50
$7 55
4j/5 •?•>
Colorado River Ariz
bc8 83
«8 5S
10 60
e6 70
6c6 62
/6 49
6 71
6 50
Colt on Cal
dS 00
7 15
Hoopa Valley Cal
&9 05
S $6
Redding Cat '
(76 9O
Round Valley, Cal
r/S 6O
San Francisco Cal
d5 25
Tulare Cal
ciy 50
Southern TJte, Colo
bcs'ys
6 99
Bismarck, Dak
Chamberlain, Dak
Crow Creek, Dak
Devil's Lake, Dak
Flandreau Dak
Fort Berthold, Dak
Fort Pierre Dak
Fort Stevenson Dak
Lowei1 Brul6, Dak
Rockford Dak . . . -
Sisseton Dak
Standing Rock Dak
Yankton Agency, Dak
Lewiston Idaho
8 5O
Ross Fork Idaho
Muskogee Ind T
2 32
1 O5
Red Fork Ind. T ,.
2 54
1 3O
Sioux City Iowa 1
Arkansas City Kans
bnl 08
1 54
1 18
Caldwell, Kans
6cl 08
1 54
1 15
Lawrence Kans
6c50
98
jS^etawaka, Kans
6c74
1 98
Silver Lake Kans
bc78
1 88
White Cloud Kans
6c85
1 98
Detroit Minn
V
Vermill'ion Lake, Minn
Seneca, Mo
&cl 33
2 04
1 1O
a Delivered in 60 days.
6 All rail.
c Usual running time freight lines.
d Delivered in 30 days.
e Delivered in 65 days.
/Delivered in 80 days.
a Delivered in 90 days.
h Usual time for rail routes, not less than 80 miles per day.
FOR TRANSPORTATION FOR INDIAN SERVICE.
385
advertisement of April 23, 1884, for furnishing transportation, ^-c.— Continued.
rates at -which contracts have been awarded.]
Kansas City.
I
1
ri
A. B. Havens.
E. D. Comings.
I
6
H
George W. Felt.
1
i
Ij
S^
F.P.Schiffbauer.
£$639
;i$6 38
i$l 25
jk$l 55
bhl 40
il 1O
111 15
il 4O
jfcl 55
kl$l 68
il 4O
jkl 45
61 4O
6ifc2 45
61 75
Wfcl 75
il 85
/AJ 68
il 65
jfcl 35
6M 38
il 70
jA- 1 68
il£O
jfcl 40
61 25
6Jfcl 40
61 65
6)t2 00
1 3O
jkl 55
)b»l 68
ilO5
jkl 45
61 1O
JM 45
di$6 6O
bhl 75
6/155
660
jkl 00
bhl 35
&n$O 89
bhl 35
no99
6MO
6dl9
6fc65
bhCtS
MOB
61 9O
bl SO
61 9O
63 OO
6M 20
i Rail and river ; freight to be shipped before close of navigation.
j All rail to Missouii; during navigation not responsible for unavoidable river accidents; if respon-
sible, 5 cents per 100 extra.
k Delivered in reasonable time.
I From K^ew York only.
m Rail to Pierre, thence boat.
n Delivered in 40 days.
o Rail and water.
4266 IND 25
386 PROPOSALS RECEIVED AND CONTRACTS AWARDED
Abstract of proposals rewired and contracts awarded in New York Cily, under
[NOTE.— Figures in large type denote the
From
Saint Louis
To-
H. C. Slavens.
C. B. Stone.
R. C. Haywood.
R. C. Kerens.
A. B. Havens.
Arlf>e Mont . - -
db $5 12
'
Black feet Mont
Coal Banks Mont
06 4 43
aft 4 43
Fort Ben ton* Mont
Fort Peck Mont
Red Rock Mont
Dakota City Nebr
Niobrara Nebr
Santee Nebr
Sidney Nebr
a $3 2O
Valentine Nebr
agl 90
Elko Nev
Wads worth Nev
Las Cruces N Mex
$5 28
$51O
ag5 25
Las Vegas N Mex
428
ar/4 90
Manuelito *N Mex
7 28
47O
agG 90
ab 5 72
7 08
5 85
Navajo N Mex
ab 5 92
7 80
Santa F6 M" Mex
ab 5 99
4 74
ff-r/4 4O
Henrietta Tex
2 04
1 55
ao2 45
Wichita Falls Tex
2 64
1 5O
a#2 45
Ouray Utah
ab 7 82
Park City Utah
Provo City Utah
Salt Lake Utah
Uintah Valley Utah
ab 7 82
Ashland Wis . ...
Clintonville, Wis
Rawlins W^yo
/$8 5O
Forest Grove Oreg
J8 OO
Xlam.ith Oreg
I'll 90
m8 OO
The Dalles Oreg
j7 5O
Sheridan Oreg
j7 5O
Toledo Oreg
n 1O OO
Gray's Harbor Wash •
n9 2O
Kinney's Station Wash
c8 5O
New Tacoma Wash
/«» OO
Port Townsend Wash
';<» oo
/y oo
Spokane Falls W^ash
78 50
Tenino Wash
-,i oo
Tulalip W^ash
m8 OO
Union City Wash
m9 OO
a All rail.
& Usual running time of freight lines.
cAll rail to Missouri; during navigation not responsible for unavoidable river accidents; if re-
sponsible, 5 cents per 100 extra.
d Delivered in reasonable time.
e All rail and rail and river. Freight must be shipped before close of navigation.
/Delivered in 30 days.
g Usual time of rail routes ; at least 80 miles per day.
FOR TRANSPORTATION FOR INDIAN SERVICE. 387
advertisement of April 23, 1884, for furnishing transportation, #c.— Continued,
rates at which contracts have been awarded.]
Saint Louis.
E. D. Comings.
1
q
H
I
£
1
P
$
ti
o
d
M
L. Spiegelberg.
W. Spiegelberg.
a $4 60
cd $4 25
a 3 00
cd2 1O
eG 27
cd5 64
cd 3 5O
a3 75
cd2 99
a 4 10
cd3 34
cd5 64
•••/.•{ 2O
cd 1 93
a2 40
cd2 35
a 3 75
erf 3 65
/$6 7O
a2 75
cd » 65
a9O
ad I 32
ad$l 52
al 90
adl 6O
/3 85
cdl 3O
al 30
cdl 3O
/3 50
al 70
ahijfyl 25
/8 OO
/8 OO
a^$7 60
t$7 43
aft 7 75
j7 23
Jfc6 43
/5 5O
/5 5O
/5 5O
a 88
ad2 24
alOO
ad 2 49
/5 25
d8 90
dr 9O
A From New York only.
i Fiora. Philadelphia and Baltimore.
j Delivered in 45 days.
k Delivered in 30 to 60 days.
I Delivered in 120 days.
m Delivered in 60 days.
n Delivered in 100 days.
388 PROPOSALS RECEIVED AND CONTRACTS AWARDED
Abstract of proposals received and contracts awarded in New York City, under
[NOTE.— Figures in large type denote the
From
Kansas City
To—
H. C. Slavens.
C.B. Stone.
R. C. Haywood.
R. C. Kerens.
A. B. Havens.
Arlee, Mont
a&$5 12
Billings, Mont
Blackfeet, Mont
Coal Banks, Mont
Crow (old), Mont
a&4 33
Crow (new), Mont
a&4 33
Fort Belknap, Mont
Fort Benton, Mont
Fort Peck, Mont
Glendive, Mont
Helena, Mont
Bed Rock, Mont
Still water, Mont
Dakota City, Nebr
Genoa, Neb'r
Niobrara, Nebr
Santee, Xebr
Sidney, Ncbr
a $9 65
Valentine, Nebr
agl 45
Elko, Nev
Wadsworth, Nev
Las Cruces, N. Mex
$4 98
$5 00
a 17 4 4O
Las Vegas, N. Mex
3 98
a// 3 4O
Manuelito, N. Mex
6 98
47O
aq5 40
Mescaiero, N. Mex
ab 5 99
6 78
75 60
Navajo, N. Mex .
ab 5 89
7 60
Santa Fe. N. Mex
a 4 89
4 64
a#3 5O
Henrietta, Tex
1 84
1 4O
a<jr2 45
"Wichita Falls, Tex
2 44
1 4O
ag2 45
Onray, Utah
ab 7 39
Park City, Utah
Provo City, Utah
Salt Lake, Utah
Uintah Valley, Utah ....
a&7 39
Ashland, Wis
Clintonville, Wis
Kawlins, Wvo
Lewiston, Idaho
/$8 5O
Forest Grove, Oreg
•/' s OO
Klaraath, Oreg
211 9O
Pendleton, Ore"
m 8 OO
The Dalles, Oreg
jV 5O
Sheridan, Oreg
i7 5O
Toledo, Ort-g
n 1O OO
Gray's Harbor, Wash
n9 9O
Kinnev's Station, Wash
o S 5O
New Tacoiua, Wash
/'<» OO
Port Townsend, Wash
";«» oo
Puj-allup Reservation, Wash
';7 OO
Spokane Falls, Wash
";s 5O
Tenino, Wash
'; 7 OO
Tulalip, Wash
//' S OO
Union City, Wash
m9 OO
a All rail.
6 Usual running time of freight lines.
c All rail and river and rail. Freight must be shipped before close of navigation.
dAll lail to Missouri; during navigation no responsibility for unavoidable river accidents ; if re-
sponsible, 5 cents per 100 extra.
e Delivered in reasonable time.
/ Delivered in 30 days.
g Usual time of rail routes ; at least 80 miles per day.
h From New York only.
FOR TRANSPORTATION FOR INDIAN SERVICE. 389
advertisement of April 23, 1884, for furnishing transportation, <fc. — Continued,
rates at -which contracts have been awarded.]
Kansas City.
E. D. Comings.
£
•
1
0
H
4
1
1*
§
Q
d
*S
N
M
»q
K. C. Morehonse.
L. Spiegelberg.
"W. Spiegelberg.
1
a $4 6O
a 3 OO
c6 27
a 3 90
rfe 82 99
o4 10
de3 34
de5 64
del 92
a 2 55
a 3 75
,-"S(i 7O
a2 75
rt 1 OO
ae$l 59
al 9O
ael 90
f3 85
del 3O
al 50
del 3O
/3 50
al 70
<//*) 80> 85
V's oo
Vs oo
a $7 35
A; $7 43
a&7 50
i7 23
£6 43
/5 5O
/5 5O
/5 5O
al 25
al 25
f 5 25
i From Philadelphia and Baltimore,
j Delivered in 45 days.
k Delivered in 30 to 60 days.
I Delivered in 120 days.
in Delivered in 60 days.
n Delivered in 100 days.
o Delivered in 90 days.
390 PROPOSALS RECEIVED AND CONTRACTS AWARDED
Abstract of proposals received and contracts awarded in New York City, under
[NOTE.— Figures in large type denote the
From
Bismarck.
Yankton.
Chamberlain.
To-
1
u
H
I
d
^
CO
H
^
i
d
H
I
N
H
*
>j
1
c
l-j
i
H
ti
I
0
H
Bismarck Dak . . .
$1 3O
50
80
70
$O 75
$1 00
Chamberlain Dak
$1 00
75
1 00
«0 35
50
$O 5O
50
$0 75
45
4O
25
60
35
Crow Creek Dak
Devil's Lake Dak
Flandreau Dak
35
60
4O
Fort Berthold Dak .
35
75
35
$0 35
50
1 65
70
1 65
135
35
1 4O
40
140
30
Fort Pierre Dak
1 00
6O
70
45
40 25
Rockford Dak
Sisseton, Dak
1
Standing Rock Dak
40
1 00
1 OO
30
34
7O
1 00
60
75
55
35
80
50
50
Yank! on Agency Dak
3O
Yank ton Dak
Ross Fork Idaho
Fioux City, Iowa
1 3O
6O
50
Arlee Mont
Blackfeet Mont
ab-i 5*5
«a oo
<r£ 12
a2 52
a4 M
«'* 40
al 25
al 75
cm 55
Coal Banks Mont
300
Crow (old) Mont
Crow (now), Mont
Fort Belknap Mont
Fort Peck Mont
c75
1
1 6O
Glendive Mont ...
r
Red Rock Mont
Stillwator, M ont
a&20O
Dakota City Nebr
Genoa Nebr
Niobrara, Nebr
a&lOO
abl OO
4O
40
50
5O
Santee Nebr
Sidney, Nebr
Valentine Nebr
Mescalero N. Mex
Elko, Nev
Wadsworth Nev
Klamath, Oreg
Ouray Utah
Park City, Utah ...
ProvoCity, Utah
Salt Lake, Utah
Uintah, Utah
Rawlins, ~Wyo
a All rail to Missouri.
& Delivered in reasonable time.
FOR TRANSPORTATION FOR INDIAN SERVICE.
391
advertisement of April 23, 1884, for furnishing transportation, $c.— Continued,
rates at which contracts have been awarded.]
Fort Pierre.
Omaha.
Salt
Lake.
Park
City.
Las Cruces.
Las
Vegas.
Red-
ding.
•j
H
H
K
I!
•
&
o
PH
d
H
^j
1
£
C
d
EH
'3
£:
£
K. C. Morehouse.
1
^
6
E. D. Comings.
9
I
1
d
W
i
<s
>
rt
OQ
d
W
|
«'
M
fc
R. C. Ilaywood.
R. C. Haywood.
g
PQ
d
SOliO
35
30
30
$0 75
50
50
35
I
:•:: :::
$0 40
i
i
1 25
1 25
35
50
i
i
50
6O
65
80
80
60
I
$565
70
$040
$450
5 50
325
3 50
384
600
. i
6cst 75
I
I
i
!
'"I
5 65
j
I
;;;:;:
200
6c "80
&c 80
......
3OO
i
$6 80
$0 85
i
SI 15
$1 80
$380
800
8OO
i
i
1
i
$5OO
$3 98 $3 98
500
500
500
398
398
465
|
c All rail to Missouri. Accidents to Missouri exceptcd during navigation on Missouri.
392
PROPOSALS RECEIVED AND CONTRACTS AWARDE
Abstract of proposals received and contracts awarded in New York City, under
fNOTE.— Figures in large type denote the rates at which contracts have been awarded ;
'S
a
|
1
1
§
4
fl
§
$
I
1
1
0
g
g
Pi
w
W
i
tt
i
Class 1.
£
H
w
1
H
3
1
BLANKETS — ALL WOOL, MACKINAC.
1
1
Points of delivery.
0
E
c3
£
|
|
i.
jj
|
1
4
'-3
|
N
^ 8
H
N
N
IH
1
i
k
|
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^
k
K
^
G?
9
fc
*
1
fi
s
£
}S
2-point, indigo blue, 42 x 56 in., 5J
Ibs pairs
1 500
71O
$0 58
$2 88$
$0 68
$2 62*
60
62
2i-point, indigo blue, 54 x 66 in., 6
IDS pairs
5 500
5,447
58
3 30
AC
3 OO
60
62
3-point, indigo blue, 60 x 72 in., 8
Ibs pairs
15, 000
13,150
58
60
4 40
68
4 OO
62
CLASS 2. -WOOLEN GOODS.
Cassimere, medium weight, dark
2 800
2,71O
1 3O
1 65
$1 00
$1 30
$2 50
1 40
1 12*
1 40
1 50
1 21
9 000
34
1 45
5 865
Cloth, saved list blue do . .
4,000
800
2 25
1 20
1 10
1 15
Cloth saved list scarlet do
3,000
33 000
700
1 2O
33J
1 15
Flannel blue twilled do
31.82
33
31. 95) 42
34,000
Flannel red twilled do
22 OOC
24,235
31.82
34
25
35
31.95
31.43
33.45
32i
FOR BLANKETS AND WOOLEN GOODS FOR INDIAN SERVICE. 393
advertisement of April 23, 1884, for furnishing goods for 1he Indian service.
awards were made on comparison of samples with which each bid was accompanied.]
j
,
§
ti
ti
a
a
£
fe
H
i
i
s
o
1
1
^
1
1
§
J
3
I
4
H»
H
w
w
<i
d «i
a
ri
w
>j
Q
A
ri
i
ed
M
^
Hi H
i
iil
w
OQ
pq
Points of delivery.
Now York.
1
1
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
CLASS 2.— WOOLEN GOODS.
$1 24
$1 374
063
$0 07.49
$0 07|
$0 07J
$0 06A
$0 08.65
$0 09$
$0 08$
07}
1O
08.35
24\
40
24.37
25.24
25.45
26.35
26.95
27.72
26}
to 30
32*
$0 27$
29&
31
$0 29
30
$6 30. 45
26.37
27.85
28.71
31|
33
31
27.87
28.45
29.70
32
30. 2 '
29.45
30.69
35
31*
33!
38
24.37
3O1
28 71
261
27$
26i
29
30 45
25.24
25.45
29.70
to 284
rt>
29.25
31
30
26.37
27.87
31*
30.69
.311
33
32
35
30.24
38
394
PROPOSALS RECEIVED AND CONTRACTS AWARDED
Abstract of proposals received and contracts awarded in New York City, under
[NOTE.— Figures in large type denote rates at which contracts have been awarded ;
j
s,
1
i
,g
fr
Class 2— Continued.
N
H
1
&
ti
Pi
S. B. Brown
H. B. Claflir
K. Bishop.
5
&'
H
o
8
<3
hi
W. Whitesi
I
O
d
t-3
Gr. A. Town
WOOLEN GOODS — con-
tinued.
i
1
Points of delivery.
o
&
a
i
i
1
1
I
1
1
M
£
1
^
iS
1
|
(§
<§
9
1
i
i
I.
£
as
K
1
1
jS
fc
•
^
Os.
Cts.
Dotts.
Cts.
DoZ.
Cfef.
Ctn.
DoK«.
f»ir.
J>oZte.
Hose, children's, wool-
en medium .....doz
1,400
1,274
1 78
1 79
1 86
1 89
Hose, misses', woolen,
300
7 -IS
1 57
2 17
Hose, women's, woolen,
medium ......doz.
2 000
2 28
1 SS
1,818
2 36
? 53
2 50
2 55
2 56
2 65
2 68
Linsey, plaid yds.
65, 000
2O,OOO
49,88O
11*
13/4
lOJft 12*
*®
.10
12i<&
is^fc
ill*
i^
Mittens, woolen, me-
800
623
2 48
13T^
5O
2 54
2 60
2 65
2 75
2 85
Scarfs small doz
300
4O4
Scarfs large ... doz
650
6214
Shawls 10-4
10 000
9,693
1 23
1 12
1 23
240
1 25
1 32i
1 32i
1 24
1 42J
1 48
1 17
1 29
i
1 33
a 539 offered.
6 100 dozen offered. c 1,000 dozen offered.
d 300 dozen offered.
FOR WOOLEN GOODS FOR INDIAN SERVICE.
395
advertisement of April 23, 1884, for goods for the Indian service — Continued,
awards were made on comparison of samples with which each bid was accompanied.]
51
Points of delivery.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
1°
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
Dotts.
Cts.
Cts.
Cts.
Dolls.
Dott.
Dotts.
c2 35
245
d247
3 70
Ott.
Dotts.
Dolls.
1 95
2 25
Dol.
1 60
1 90
2 50
2 60
285
Dott.
Dol
Dol.
Dol
Dott.
Dott.
1 00
1 23
1 474.
1 75
2 00
2 25
1 00
1 23
1 474.
175
2 00
2 25
Dott.
90
1 10
1 30
1 52J
1 75
2 05
90
1 10
1 30
1 524.
175
2 05
246
02 90
7i2 45
3 50
3 75
•
2 24
•as
32
.09
12*
e2 75
1 37
1 45
1 60
1 75
1 95
205
2 60
1 60
2 00
2 10
2 40
2 50
3 20
1 12
1 60
2 OO
3 20
3 624
475
62 00
6400
65 50
6625
2 65
2 00
2 25
2 50
2 75
3 00
3 25
^ 60
124
1 49
1 25
3 90
4 30
4 65
500
550
a!90
250
1 38
276
1 50
170
1 25
L 25
138J
127
1 18
132J
1 30
1 34
1 35
1 41
e 900 dozen offered. /43.000 yards offered. g 120 dozen offered. h 141 dozen offered.
396
PROPOSALS RECEIVED AND CONTRACTS AWARDED
Abstract of proposals received and contracts awarded in New York City, under
[NOTE.— Figures in large type denote the rates at which contracts have been awarded;
Class 2— Continued.
WOOLEN GOODS — continued.
Quantity offered.
Quantity awarded.
W. E. Tefft.
J. B. Woodruff.
M. Lippman.
Aug. Thomas.
L. C. Wanamaker.
E. B. Woolworth.
Points of delivery.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
Skirts balmoral .. ..
7,500
200
1,300
550
200
2,200
2,000
400
100
50
1,500
10
$0 33J
41|
70
$0 47
53
59
67
«
Socks, boys', cotton, heavy, mixed ..doz.
Socks, boys', woolen, infidirntn , -do -
6,839
$0 90
94i
$0 90
751
1,11O
891
558
Socks, men's, cotton, heavy, mixed .do..
72
86
87
1 02
1 08
1 11
1 14
1 20
90
96
1 08
1 26
1 41
1 74
2 07
J)7
Socks, men's, woolen, medium do. .
Winsey s yds
1 98$
$183
1,564
1,635
Yarn assorted colors, 3-ply Ibs
$065
70
8O
60
ro
Yarn, gray, 3-ply do.
585
Additional for Carlisle school.
Cloth, black, beaver, 6-4 yds
261
5O
1,300
10
Sky-blue kersey, 22-ounce .... ...... do.
1 35
Mittens, woolen, boys', assorted sizes. doz
1 45
1 55
1 33
FOR WOOLEN GOODS FOR INDIAN SERVICE.
397
advertisement of April 23, 1884, for goods for the Indian service— Continued,
awards were made on comparison of samples with which each bid \»as accompanied.]
M
Points of delivery.
J
.
.
.
s
J
J
New Yorl
NewYorl
New Yorl
NewYor]
NewYor]
NewYor]
NewYorl
Id
i1
NewYor]
NewYor]
NewYor]
NewYor]
NewYor]
$0 57
$0 52
$0 56}
$0 43
$0 72
64
56
75
81
92
79
82
85
95
$0 70
92
75
1 52
1 70
$1 10
1 00
1 774
1 70
1 13
$2 00
1 12J
1 07
1 00
2 50
96
1 15
79
78
2 36
135
1 99
$4 00
1 25
87i
100
1 50
89
95
96
2 10
2 20
140
160
<2 05
98
SO OS£
$0 94
1 15
1 05
1 SO
1 60
1 55
41 48
*i 40
3 6O
1 52
160
398
PROPOSALS RECEIVED AND CONTRACTS AWARDED
Abstract Q/ proposals received and contracts awarded in New Tork City, under
[NOTE.— Figures in large type denote the rates at which contracts have been awarded;
Class 3.
COTTON GOODS.
Quantity offered.
Quantity awarded.
"William E. Tefit.
H. B. Claflin.
John Maxwell.
1
T. A. Ashburner.
, J. S. Latimer.
1
|
Points of delivery.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
I
1
I
Dolls.
1 37
1 40
1 45
Bed quilts
7,500
40, 000
20, 000
33,000
13, 000
16, 000
225, 000
100, 000
82, 000
40,000
40, 000
25, 000
20, 000
35, 000
8,000
200
1,300
10, 000
15,000
5,000
16, 000
4,600
75,000
50,000
8,951
Ots.
85
9.44
10.98
10.48
11.97
11.98
11.98
Dolls.
1 30
1 34
1 37
1 39
1 43
10J
12
Dolls.
1 25
1 36
1 37
1 39
1 43
Dolls.
1 31
1 33
1 35
1 25
Dolls.
1 00
1 04J
1 08J
1 33J
1 25
91
Dolls.
1 24
1 29
1 31
1 33
1 37
1 39
Bed ticking medium yds
Calico, standard prints, 64x64 . . .yds.
Canton flannel, brown, heavy .. .yds.
Cotton knitting, white, medium .Ibs.
Cotton bats, full, net weight Ibs.
93,180
1O,OOO
40.000
15,OOO
37,5OO
4.69
4.94
t*
4,95
4.38
10
12J
845
10?4\
19
91
61
4.67
4.95
5.22
4.95
10.98
12.44
19,315
137
1,63O
81
9,735
9O,1O5
5,915
10.49
11.49
9.98
6.24
Drilling indigo blue yds
94
Drilling slate yds
Duck, standard, not less than 8 ounces
per yard, free from all sizing. . .yds
4,915
11.35
83,480
1
FOR COTTON GOODS FOR INDIAN SERVICE.
399
advertisement of April 23, 1884, for goods for the Indian service — Continued,
awards were made on comparison of samples with which each bid was accompanied.]
Points of delivery.
New York.
. 1
New York.
New York.
New York
New York
1
k
<s
K
New York
>w York
>w York
1
|
1
)w York
New York
New York
New York
New York
New York
New York
^5
K
h
ft
to
Dolls.
1 21
1 08
Dolls.
1 25
1 34
1 36
1 374
138
1 42
Dolls.
1 40
1 37
1 30
1 05
95
90
Cts.
Ote.
Cts.
Cts.
Ote.
Ote.
Cte.
Ote.
Cts.
Cts.
Cts.
Ct*.
Cts.
Cts.
Cts.
9A
9.95
Sfc
11A
11*
9.45
9i
10.75
25
7.18
8.41
iii
ioi
if
7.42
7.72
7.82
8.26
9^
Ti
84
4.98
4.86
5J
5 44
•
5.35
5.45
5.40
8.45
WA
|
38
SI
t2i
i2i
12
11
11
8J
7£
11!
14
7J
?s
114
13J
Hi
14*
10
11.23
12.24
13A
5P
9 65
12 .
12*
.07
•
QJL
g
r
a
10A
11.49
114
iJI
h
12.45
11.24
11. 74
11.49
11.24
10.94
ior
10ft
11
400
PROPOSALS RECEIVED AND CONTRACTS AWARDED
Abstract of proposals received and contracts awarded in New Yorlc City, under
[NOTE.— Figures in large type denote rates at which contracts have been awarded;
CLASS 3— Continued.
COTTON GOODS— continued.
Quantity offered.
Quantity awarded.
1
ri
fe
William E. Tefft.
Samuel B. Brown.
H. B. Claflin.
^.
b
N
H§
1
4
8
1
1
jj
d
1
Points of delivery.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
Gingham, medium yds.
Handkerchiefs, large size,
doz
60,000
50,000
40, 000
12, 000
40, 000
1,800
120
24,000
12, 000
500
1,900
1,000
20, 000
185, 000
9,000
40,000
35,OOO
37,55O
40,000
Cts.
7.42
Cts.
6.36
6.87
6.94
Cts.
&
7.24
7.29
Cts.
7i
Cts.
P
Cts.
7.79
Cts.
7&
Cts.
1
6.95
6
I
9,014
40
29*
75
•ff
88
145
160
170
15.85
i-l-jfg-
90
126
75
19.65
19
17i
20*
18}
Handkerchiefs, large size,
white linen doz
-
Kentucky jeans, medium,
141
29,390
1,149
1,580
9,367
....
SI
19
a1
36
32|
4J
Linen table yds.
*
Oil-cloth table do
18
Sheeting, 4-4, bleached,
standard, medium yds.
Sheeting, 4-4, brown, stand-
?f99
6.45
7.55
*7*
8.45
6.85
6?55
a
27|
P
6
6}
4.45
15,415
6.97i
Shirting calico yds.
176,090
5,915
....
4.47
4.67
FOE COTTON GOODS FOR INDIAN SERVICE.
401
advertisement of April 23, 1884, for goods for the Indian service — Continued,
awards were made on comparison of samples with which each "bid was accompanied.]
Points of delivery.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
rM
£
1
1
1
i
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
§ 1 New York.
New York.
fj | New York.
I
1
1
1
^
Cts.
7.85
7i
Cts.
7.97
Cts.
6.99
6.52
6.17
Ots.
a*.
5.95
6.48
6.65
Ots.
?
Cts.
6ft
C!f».
7.22
7
eSo
0te.
&
Cts.
Cts.
Ote.
Ote.
0to.
Cts.
Cts.
6.10
74
92
95
122
175
165
17J
18
21
22*
44
18
18
14
18J
10}
25
24|
21
29
18
18}
18}
18
15&
14.65
17.45
18&
19.45
22.95
$
48
62J
,1
24
?n
g
81
74
82
61
7.18
i
5*
?!
3
64
6}
6.44
&
6.67
4
4266 IN]
402
PROPOSALS RECEIVED AND CONTRACTS AWARDED
Abstract of proposals received and contracts awarded in New York City under
[NOTE.— Figures in large type denote the rates at which contracts have been awarded;
1
a
I
1
4
I
W
a
3
CJ
•3
.9
H
M
a
pa
S
1
6
I
£
1
I
d
.
•2
S
fj
Class 3— Continued.
I
1
K
H
|
1
i
0
•
1
1
Points of delivery.
H
5
.
J
ti
•
«
M
ti
-
>s
_>3
E
tj
E
o
g
§
g
E
3S
"-g
h
H
H
h
1
<§>
i
1
1
&
g
1
1
1
Cte.
Cte.
f7/«.
Cits.
Oflr.
ct«.
r?^.
Gts.
Shirting hickory yds
15 000
14,555
9 43
9 52
9 35
01
7
qi
71
9.78
9.95
100
100
110
78
23
18
Warp cotton loom white do . .
Wicking candle do
85
142
Additional for Carlisle school
Sheeting, 6-4, brown, standard, heavy. yds
2,000
2,OOO
ISA
iS
....
....
i*A
....
ISA
Sheeting, 10-4, bleached, standard, me-
dium .' yds.
150
50
150
5O
24J
....
24
3.85
....
Cotton hose, ladies', scarlet, long, 10 doz.
8 15 doz 8i 15 doz 9 10 doz 94
Cotton knitting scarlet No 34 Ibs
20
2O
4O
1 000
1 OOO
Sri
09
*
104
Canvas tailor's . . yds
500
13
5OO
14
15
18
Wadding black doz
50
3,000
50
3,OOO
24
.09
'.'.'..
Gingham prodigy check ... ...yds.
ft
8i
....
....
CLASS 4.— CLOTHING.
Blouses, lined, heavy, 32 to 46, satinet or
Kentucky jeans dark colors
900
1,558
»
900
1,O91
Blouses brown duck unlined 32 to 46
1 800
1,484
Coats, sack, men's, assorted sizes, 38 to 46,
medium quality, satinet or Kentucky
4 800
5 451
Coats, sack, men's, brown duck, lined, as-
sorted sizes 38 to 46
3 500
3 386
FOR COTTON GOODS AND CLOTHING FOR INDIAN SERVICE.
advertisement of April 23, 1884, for goods for the Indian Service — Continued,
awards were made on comparison of samples with which each bid was accompanied.]
't
1
Points of delivery.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
1
1
New York.
New York. 1
New York.
New York.
1
1
New York.
o 1 New York.
Saint Louis.
New York. |
Cts.
Dott,
Dott.
Dott.
2>oll
Dott.
Dott.
Dott.
DoK.
Dott.
DoK.
Dol
J>oK.
DoZ
Dol
Dol
Dol
9|
-
CLASS 4.— CLOTHING.
1
|
2*!1?
1.05
2. 37 2. 48
1.99
2.51
2.29 2.44 2.12
2. 37 2. 31
2.35
1.35
2. 59 2. 92
2.24
2.57
2. 45 2. 57 2. 14
2.392.43
2.38
2.70 2.94
2.37*
2.69 2.681 2.36
2. 60 2. 77
2.54
2. 74' 2. 97
2.47
2. 83' 2. 71
2.38
2.74
2. 59;
2.89
3.16
2.53
2.99
2.76
2.41
2.64
2. 69
3.93
2.67
n an
2.49
A. Do
1*53
1.80
1.83
1.89
1.92*
2.03
2.09
.75
2. 22*
<j;{\
1.03
1.12*
1.20
2.57
2.49
2,92
2.38
2.60
2.49
2.52
2.24
9. 45
2.39
1. 91 1. 25'2. 45 ;2- 75
2 42
2.78
2.69
3.05
2.47
2. 85 2. 60
2.63
2.33 2.65
2.51
2. 33|1. 60 2. 54
2.64
—
2.96
3.04
2.87
2.88
3.20
3.26
2.59
2.75
! 2.79
3.08
2.67
2.71
2.48
2.55
2.78
2.94
2.86
2.89
2. 371 1.70 2. 57J
2. 39 2. 10 2. 59
2.73
2.77
3.07
2.96
3.36
2.78
3.15
2.79
2.74
2.93
2. 56 2. 30 2. 65
3.17
3.19
3.42
2.81
2.85
2.86
2.90
2.81
3.05
2.61
3. 12*
4.25
3.28
2.90
3.38
3.02
3.91
3.86
1.85
1.97
1.90
2.07
2.30
2.31
2.53
2.69
2.96
3.03
404
PROPOSALS RECEIVED AND CONTRACTS AWARDED
Abstract of proposals received and contracts awarded in New York City, under
[NOTE.— Figures in large type denote the rates at which contracts have been awarded;
Class 4— Continued.
CLOTHING — continued.
Quantity offered.
Quantity awarded.
Henry Wallach.
E. Nanmtonrg.
Charles Warner.
J. N. Heidelberg.
M. Wallach.
Points of delivery.
i
0
1
i
g
1
1
i
1
5
fc
1
i
Coats, sack, men's (brown duck), unlined, as-
300
110
725
8,000
1,400
650
570
12O
872
81 25
1 37J
1 66
174J
Coats, sack, blue, men's, assorted sizes, for police
$6 87
849
5 48
5 78
6 24
$804
8 30
8 36
944
6 94
7 22
$6 98
8 21
8 32
845
5 10
5 74
5 98
6 09
$7 07
8 25
836
5 79
Coats, sack, dark blue kersey, men's, assorted
43
44
45i
1!
524
1 70
1 81
2 18
2 19
2 22i
2 25
2 41
2 43
1 17
Overcoats, boys', 10 to 18 years, satinet or Ken-
tucky jeans, dark colors
Overcoats, boys', brown duck, lined, 10 to 18
7,427
1,675
3 21
3 24
3 46
3 48
3 58
3 68
4 09
2 92
3 21
3 27
3 31
3 53
3 58
3 67
3 79
2 80
2 85
2 89
2 98
3 06
3 07
Overcoats, boys', brown duck, unlined, 10 to 18
50
4,100
2,000
160
1,500
616
Overcoats, men's, sack, assorted sizes, medium
5OO
1 20
1 47
1 58
4 17
426
4 28
4 57
4 67
5 18
5 65
4 06
4 34
4 38
5 37
02
27
439
41
53
65
75
5 18
3 31
3 76
3 86
3 90
429
436
4 40
4 74
Overcoats, men's, sack, brown duck, lined, as-
1,OOO
1,OOO
2,500
3 17
3 55
3 61
3 75
3 87]
1.170
FOE CLOTHING FOE INDIAN SERVICE.
405
advertisement ofApril23, 1884, for goods for the Indian service — Continued,
awards were made on comparison of samples with which each bid was accompanied.]
Points of delivery.
1
1
1
I
i
i
1
i
1
1
i
1
i
i
rf
I
1
l
i
1
i
i
l
i
1
i
i
1
&
i
i
$8 31
$84O
$7 33
8 53
5 24
5 98
6 92
$5 621
>5 91
5 49
5 53
5 97
SO 27
(0 38J
31
34
41
3 05
2 81
2 45
2 97
$2 86
$2 98
$3 10
$2 90
341
3 21
2 59
3 27
2 88
3 09
3 12
3 17
3 51
2 63
3 42
2 91
3 27
3 24
3 53
2 84
3 71
2 99
3 30
3 27
3 76
3 04
342
3 81
•
2 24
$2 75
3 67
4 52
3 54
4 29
2 91
4 13
4 11
$2 00
$3 91
$3 98
4 14
4 69
3 65
4 63
3 57
4 27
4 37
2 65
4 03
4 21
485
3 72
469
3 61
4 39
3 12
434
5 21
3 85
4 85
3 89
4 41
3 50
3 94
3 93
4 91
4 OS
4 93
4 41
4 12i
473
4 97
4 49
3 00
300
3 25
406 PROPOSALS RECEIVED AND CONTRACTS AWARDED
Abstract of proposals received and contracts awarded in New Tork City, under
[NOTE. — Figures in large type denote the rates at which contracts have been awarded ;
Class 4— Continued.
CLOTHING— continued.
Quantity offered.
Quantity awarded.
li
1
E. Naumburg.
•3
T
SoL Kaufman.
A. C. Baldwin.
Points of delivery.
1
1
1
I
i
||
1
1
Overcoats, men's sack, brown duck, unlined, as-
50
$1.99
Pants, men's, 30 to 44 waist, 29 to 34 in seam, me-
dium quality, satinet or Kentucky jeans, dark
7,000
250
2 29
246
$1 39
1 57
1 5$
1 62
1 69
1 76
1 81
1 83
1 86
1 92
$1 23
45
49
51
60
61
65
$0 80
85
90
1 03
1 40
1 65
1 72J
$1 00
1 12
1 37
1 45
1 25
1 25
Pants, men's, brown duck, lined, 30 to 44 waist,
1 200
3,250
4,OOO
1,500
4,000
850
110
725
3,165
1,050
119
1 35*
145J
1 53
63J
79
83
85
88
96
2 06
2 07
72
85J
92
95*
Pants, men's, brown duck, unlined, 30 to 44 waist,
29 to 34 in seam pairs
Pants, men's, blue, 30 to 44 waist, 29 to 34 in seam,
for police uniforms officers pairs
3 78
5 07
3 21
3 24
3 38
5 83
Pants, men's, sky blue, kersey, 30 to 44 waist, 29
to 34 in seam, police uniforms, medium quality,
privates. pairs.
Suits (coat, pants, and vest), boys', 10 to 18 years,
800
854
4 75
Suits (coat, pants, and vest), boys', 10 to 18 years,
medium quality, Kentucky jeans, dark colors
400
300
250
2,000
1,063
500
6 08
6 21
6 37
8 36
8 45
2 50
2 75
2 75
2 50
3 65
2 00
2 50
3 15
1,OOO
1,OOO
925
3 73
4-21
4 28
4 37
4 41
4 42
4 44
4 46
4 61
3 03
3 47
3 77
3 83
FOR CLOTHING FOR INDIAN SERVICE.
407
advertisement of April 23, 1884, for goods for the Indian service— Continued,
awards were made on comparison of samples with which each bid was accompanied.]
.4 ! ti
I o : .2
- ' ° - : M
Points of delivery.
.
.
.
i*4
t*4
J
1
!
1
1
&
N
£
1
1
t
\
1
1
1
1
l
•a
1
1
1
fc
1
1
fc
1
1
t
5?
t
0
fe
1
1
$1 37i
$1 23
$1 36
$1 49
$1 °7
$1 49
$1 23
$1 42
$1 33
$1 57
$1 26
$1 54
142
1 44
1 47$
1 65
1 34
1 53
1 43
1 57
1 49
1 65
139
1 65
1 48
1 47
1 70
1 45
1 55
1 61
1 60
1 50
1 68
1 61
1 71
1 49
1 58
1 84
1 51
1 64
1 79
1 63
1 53
1 70
1 63
1 74
1 58
1 66
1 89
1 52
1 95
1 83
65
1 571
1 77
1 59
1 96
1 57
2 19
74
1 60
2 18
1 58
79
1 61
86
1 76
88
97
2 19
1 35
1 40
•
1 60
4 53
3 81
3 42
4 96
'4 87
4 32
3 45
4 72
4 82
5 55
3 91
4 34
4 57
4 91
3 77
3 56
3 48
4 22
4 29
3 58
3 34
5 02
3 39
4 13
4 12
3 93
3 72
3 51
3 55
3 84
5 05
5 06
4 74
6 15
6 75
$4 95
5 54
5 16
5 73
7 00
842
5 53
6 05
5 39
5 78
7 05
6 44
6 65
5 59
7 25
6 45
7 27
5 67
7 69
3 23
3 33
3 26
3 60
4 O5
3 37
3 81
4 29
3 37$
3 43
3 59
3 68
4 21
3 65
431
4 30
349
3 49
3 75
3 94
4 27
3 98
4 32
3 55
3 89
411
4 03
4 47
4 09
433
4 37j
4 02
4 17
4 36
4 21
408
PROPOSALS RECEIVED AND CONTRACTS AWARDED
Abstract of proposals received and contracts awarded in New York City, under
[NOTE.— Figures in large type denote the rates at which contracts have been awarded ;
Class 4— Continued.
CLOTHING— continued.
Quantity offered.
Quantity awarded.
A. B. Elfelt.
Henry Wallach.
Henry J. Schloss.
E. Naumburg.
J. N. Heidelberg.
Points of delivery.
rM
8
i
&
1
h
1
1
1
1
fe
1
1
Suits (coat, pants, and vest), brown duck,
lined, boys' 10 to 18 years
1 500
$3 25
$3 00
3 20
3 25
3 33
3 73
3 82
4 10
4 27J
4 874
1 99
2 16
2 67
2 88
3 25
3 50
$2 91
292
2 10
3 00
3 28
3 72
3 73
3 82
3 83
2 36
2 38
2 42
2 44
2 46
2 47
1 80
1 87
1 88
1 22
1 30
5 96
|
Suits (coat, pants, and vest), brown duck, un-
lined, boys 10 to 18 years
500
500
1,000
800
450
200
7 000
1,773
714
Suits (jacket and pants), boys', 5 to 10 years,
medium quality cassimere, dark colors
$3 58
3 67
3 72
3 82
3 99
5 67
2 51
2 52
2 61
2 67
2 78
2 86
$3 58
3 84
4 18
4 75
5 28
2 22
2 25
2 37
2 49
2 59
2 75
Suits (jacket and pants), boys', 5 to 10 years.
medium quality Kentucky jeans, dark colors .
Suits (jacket and pants), brown duck, lined,
boys', 5 to 10 years
385
1,830
1 76
1 8O
1 85
1 91
1 98
2 02
1 30
1 43
Suits (jacket and pants), brown duck, unlined,
boys 5 to 10 years
953
325
Suits (coat, pants, and vest), boys', 12 to 20
years, gray cassimere, with caps to match in
color
6 89
10 20
12 24
13 78
6 67
8 45
8 59
9 12
9 73
Shirts calico assorted sizes
22J
25
29J
Shirts hickory assorted sizes
12, 000
1 000
7,506
11,745
30'j
i 35
37}
39i
40J
53
54
55
591
60J
61
63
64
65
69^
??
1
Shirts, gray flannel, men's, assorted sizes
13, 000
10, 000
3,000
3,881
8,963
•
FOR CLOTHING FOR INDIAN SERVICE.
409
advertisement of April 23, 1884, for goods for the Indian service — Continued,
awards were made on comparison of samples with which each bid was accompanied.]
. .
ra
•A
1
1
bC
i
^3
C") O
•£
CO
^
Adolph Kin
M. Wallach
Edward Wi
5
Wm. J. Me
1
Louis Blun.
John Early
J. Godhelp.
Stephen B. 5
Elias Augu
i
a
>
Points of delivery.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
$3 24
$3 08
$3 81
$3 41
332
3 62*
3 69
1 99
3 84
3 90
2 58
4 47
4 75
4 89
5 24
2 49
4 62
5 48
2 18
$1 67
$2 30
$2 44
2 21
2 45
2 47
2 79
2 63
2 87
2 92
2 56
2 58
2 75
2 34
2 60
2 68
2 84
1 89
2 37J
245
2 52
3 24
2 63
6 20
5 35
6 50
8 07
667
6 74
8 25
8 59
10 94
11 89
tO 20
$0 21
$0 21J
$0 23*
22
22J
24*
......
33*
30}
31
$0 34
57J
26
30
32
35
32
35
35*
37
59
32*
383
5f
34*.
33
35*.
36
544
53
57
58
66
59j
63
55J
60
62
62
66
67^
70
67
73
74
64
68
69
72
73
60
410
PROPOSALS RECEIVED AND CONTRACTS AWARDED
Abstract of proposals received and contracts awarded in New York City, under
[NOTE.— Figures in large type denote the rates at which contracts have been awarded ;
A
I t . ! J :
I { • t: oo
fcl
1 ! f | f
w
I Jiiii'ii
Class 4— Continued.
>*
CLOTHING — continued .
T>niiifa r»f flnti rover
i
*£
1
c8
.
.
.
Quantity
I
New Yorl
New Yor
New Yorl
New Yorl
New Yorl
New Yorl
Shirts, rod flannel, boys', assorted sizes
Shirts, red flannel, men's assorted sizes
800
8,000
2,S38
$0 68
72
74£
75J
87
so 73
75
77
79
80
SI
84
87
88
91
89
$0 90i
91J
92A
93i
1 03£
$0 73
74
77£
78J
80
81
94*
$0 77$
SOI
S2i
87
91|
[
6 000
6,734
as
89^
96
1 00
1 02i
91
93
94
95
98
99
I 01
1 02
1 06
1 04J
1 05^
1 06j
95A
1 02
1 03
1 04
1 06
93;
96,
1 02i
1 07
$1 00
4 000
1 10
Vests, men's, 34 to 46 inches, medium quality
satinet or Kentucky jeans, dark colois
4,500
....
4,363
1,2OO
300
850
325
500
1 000
2 800
76J
Vests, men's, brown duck, unlined, 34 to 46
150
2,090
515
82i
91
99
1 00
1 01
1 02
1 10
1 14
1 31
63
Vests, men's, blue, assorted sizes, for police
110
1£O
69
ft
Vests, men's, dark blue kersey, assorted sizes,
725
S72
,
FOR CLOTHING FOE INDIAN SERVICE.
411
advertisement of April 23, 1884. for goods for the Indian service— Continued.
awards were made on comparison of samples with which each bid was accompanied.]
1
I 1 1
a «j -5
August, Bernheim &,
Bauer.
Charles Warner.
J. N. Heidelberg.
A. F. Hochstadter.
Adolph King.
M. Wallach.
Simon Rindskoff.
Edward Wise.
L. M. Hornthal.
Louis Blun.
Augustus Thomas.
A. B. Elfelt.
Points of delivery.
1
M
1
1
I
%
1
1
12
.
1
i
s
o
1
|
|
1
A
1
1
1
'&
1
1
1
ft
1
1
125
1
1
1
1
1
1
-
• '
$0 89
$0 60
$0 91
$0 98i
$1 00
$0 85
$0 99
$0 65
$0 96
$0 91
$0 94
$0 94
$0 95
96
91
1 04
1 03
87
1 02
73
98
94
99
99
1 01
98
96
1 07
1 05
90
84
1 01
95
1 02
1 05
1 05
1 01
97
1 11
1 06
94
85
1 03
98
1 05
1 07
1 07
1 05
99
1 12
1 08
96
91
1 05
1 01
1 11
1 06
1 2-2
1 10
97
1 10
1 03
1 11
1 11
1 OO
1 18
1 05
CO
60
60
60
$1 25
$0 80
85
95
2 08
2 09
2 53
2 13
2 17
2 36
2 15
2 44
2 63
1 72
1 74
2 16
2 19
2 36
1 95
2 76
2 84
2 94
1 77
1 95
2 39
2 43
2 06
1 59
2 43
1 79
2 05
1 86
1 99
1 94
1 66
1 92
2 04
1 64
2 06
1 75
412 PROPOSALS RECEIVED AND CONTRACTS AWARDED
Abstract of proposals received and contracts awarded in New York City, under
[NOTE. — Figures in large type denote the rates at which contracts have been awarded ;
Class f
BOOTS AND SHOES, ETC.
Quantity offered.
Quantity awarded.
"Walter H. Tenney.
E. H. Munroe.
£*
8
1
H
PH
1
Points of delivery.
New York.
New York.
New York.
_
Boots, boys', assorted sizes, Nos. 1 to 6 pairs.
700
4,500
130
6,500
2,800
8,000
5,000
9,000
200
200
5
75
600
1,800
25
100
£0
i
75
1,SO3
4,365
255
$1 60
1 70
1 80
1 85
1 90
2 15
2 21
2 29
2 35
2 37
2 40
$1 85
2 30
237*
2 32
1 00
1 07*
55
60
1 20
1 27$
65
70
75
80
$1 75
V 25
2 35
2 35
2 40
1 00
1 05
52
57
1 20
1 22*
64
68
74
78
Boots, men's, assorted sizes, Nos. 6 to 9 do. .
Boots, men's rubber, Nos. 6 to 9 do. .
Shoes, boys', assorted sizes, Nos. 1 to 6 do. .
Shoes, children's, assorted sizes, Nos. 11 to 13 — do. .
•
Shoes, men's, assorted sizes, Nos. 6 to 9 do. .
98
1 10
52
54
57
59
60
62
1 13
1 30
1 35
62
64
67
70
72
72
74
77
80
82
6,204
3,276
2,OOO
6,301
5,427
8,910
338
312}
7*
321
889
1,587
65
100
20
1-2
75
Shoes, misses', assorted sizes, Nos. 13 to 2 do . .
Shoes^women's, assorted sizes, Nos. 3 to 5 do. .
Shoe-laces leather, in yard strings gross
Shoe-laces, linen, in yard strings do..
Shoe-lasts, assorted sizes dozen
Shoe-nails assorted sizes - - . pounds
Shoe-packs, boys, assorted sizes pairs
65
75
80
80
90
95
68
72
80
84
Shoe-packs, men's, assorted sizes do. .
Shoe-pegs assorted sizes. gallons
Additional for Carlisle school.
Shoe-web for lining shoes . yards
Bristles shoe pounds
Zinc heel-nails : 15 pounds, £ inch ; 30 pounds, 1 inch ;
30 pounds, 1£ inch
FOR BOOTS AND SHOES, ETC., FOR INDIAN SERVICE. 413
adrertiaemf-nt of April 23, 18P1. for (foods for the Indian service — Continued,
awards were made on comparison of samples with which each bid was accompanied.]
-0
.
6
p
0
•
II I
y I • I
1 1
g i
« P5
<c
3
N
i
w
?
3
C. Davis.
5" ' *
M •?
* ^ J
5 ^'
* ; rf
^
M
H
1
Points of delivery.
New York.
New York.
New York.
1
1
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York or
Carlisle.
New York.
New York.
Saint Paul.
$1 75
$1 72
190
2 10
2 15
1 80
2 30
2 30
2 50
2 37}
242}
2 45
95
2 50
1 02}
$! 01}
1 00
65
105
54}
$0 55
70
1 15
75
77*
1 24
1 21}
$1 35
1 25
75
1 27}
64}
65
SO
85
87}
74}
75
90
951
*o 40
*n 4.1
jfe/\ 7c
£kA /« ,«
J.Q1
24
oe
OQ
<2A
31
4 <J5
33
5 50
1711
34
1Q1
12
oy
73
$0 64
84
74
45
15
Ql
12
I *
1?
114
&
13
19
15
I |
8 OO
131
1 Kl
1 •>
414
PROPOSALS RECEIVED AND CONTRACTS AWARDED
Abstract of proposals received and contracts awarded in JVtw York City, under
[NOTE.— Figures in large type denote the rates at which contracts have been awarded;
-
1
I
g
n
I
j
1
Class 6.
£3
s
i3
HATS AND CAPS.
i
5
4
P
1
1
Points of delivery.
1
i
AJ
ill
£»
1
s
n
a
N
i
§
1
1
1
o?
O*
fe
M
Caps, boys', cassimere, heavy, black, assorted sizes . .
3,000
$0 25
$0 23
27
24
31
25
4
4,496
33
Caps, men's, cassimere, heavy, black, assorted sizes. .
5,000
32
20
36
27
37*
28
on
5,148
2V
3O
32
Hats, boys', wool, black, assorted sizes
5,000
$0 28i i
30
6,429
:{,>i
Hats, men's, police, black, assorted sizes.
800
64
992
65
Hats, men's, wool, black, assorted sizes
9,000
39£
'
40J
45
46
CLASS 7.— NOTIONS.
Buttons coat horn gross
250
4O3
Uuttons pants metal do
600
865
Buttons shirt, agate .... do
1 200
1,353
Buttons vest horn do
350
4O4
Buttons youths' agate do
600
898
1 200
1,361
1,000
1,288
Cotton maitre for seines 36-threixd soft laid pounds
800
88O
Gilling twine, 3-cord, No. 30 . ..do
1 000
1,385
Gilling twine 3-cord No 35 do
900
781
Gilling twine, 3-cord No. 40 do
200
936
Gloves, buck, men's, No. 1, standard quality, or oil-
tanned sheep or goat pairs
1 500
1,8O7
\
FOR HATS AND CAPS AND NOTIONS FOR INDIAN SERVICE. 415
adrcriiwment of April 23, 1884, for goods for the Indian service— Continued,
awards were made on comparison of samples with which each bid was accompanied.]
.
,
$
1
a
§
0
Samuel R. Haw
Harry Elger.
James R.Michs
Samuel B. Brov
1
M
W
•1
1
John H.Woodh
R. A. Robbins.
F. P. Shumway
Samuel N. Dan
Hillabrandt &
miston.
Points of delivery.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
$0 29
*z
35
36
37
56
40
43
44
CLASS 7.— NOTIONS.
$0 35
$0 38
$0 28
$O 3O
$0 30
$0 31^
$0 25
07
08i
05
O8
39
29
39
08
08$
13*
08
10
021
O2i
02i
09
07
25
22
22
•><>
224
02f
24
08
09
10
23
OGi
07
26i
05*
25
03
O8
07
31
26i
32^
29
08
30
27
$0 28
35
30
33
32J
35
3yj.
30
31
24
18|
20
37i
22
201
52*
32
21
"
23
2l|
26J
<}y|
22
23
•>4
2-ii
24 9n
70AV
GO
$0 62
61
63
80
76TVt
63
70
6ff
7%
90
87A9«
71
76
74
82
1 05
70
98
80
GO
*7 00
87
1 17
1 25
(
80
85
74
1 05
97*
1 08"
1 15
1 12J
1 20
a*
Go
67J
1 05
1 12
1 20
416
PROPOSALS RECEIVED AND CONTRACTS AWARDED
Abstract of proposals received and contracts awarded in. New York City, under
[NOTE.— Figures in large type denote the rates at which contracts have been awarded;
Class 7— Continued.
NOTIONS— continued.
Quantity offered.
Quantity awarded.
John W. Rife.
James R. Michael.
Points of delivery.
New York or
Carlisle, Pa.
New York.
Hooks and eyes white gross.
500
50
250
40
60
20
20
125
130
120
600
4,000
4,000
10
2,000
500
80
1,500
100
100
150
908
$0 07
10
Mirrors, 10 by 12 inches, bevel frames, German plate... doz.
Needles, assorted sizes, sharps, Nos. 4 to 8 and 5 to 10, and
113i
74
84
1 06
12
220
23
24
26
29
32
10J
Needles darning medium sizes....... ...............gross.
994
33*
Needles glover's M.
$350
Needles knitting common medium sizes gross
Needles sack ' dozen
39
50
Needles saddler's do
96
132
300
998
04
16
13
Needles, machine, "Domestic," self-setting do..
Needles machine "Singer" . ..do.
Pins, brass, standard brand, Nos. 2 3, and 4........... packs .
Spool-cotton, standard, 6 cord, Nos. 20 to 50, white, black,
and brown .... . ... dozen
4.560
50
14
15
16
17
19
21
Suspenders, medium .......................... ...... .pairs .
Tape measures medium . dozen .
6,639
9,698
445
34
Thimbles, closed dozen .
Thimbles open ......... .......do..
Thread, linen, standard make, Nos. 30, 35, and 40, f dark
blue, £ whitey-brown standard Nos. pounds .
87
1 00
1 16
55
77
84
50^
16
17
Thread shoe medium . do
1,600
87
196
Twine sack...... .. ... .. do..
Twine wrapping . do..
171
FOE NOTIONS FOR INDIAN SERVICE.
417
advertisement of April 23, 1884, for goods for the Indian service— Continued,
awards were made on comparison of samples with which each bid was accompanied.]
g
1
— .
I
1
i
M
|j
1
jl
4
1
i
I
1
1
o
W
W*
d
g W)
P
i
«
W
1
1
W
1
1
ri
1
a
W
I
Points of delivery.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
$0 05
$0 O6
$0 07
$4 62
06
2 90
$2 85
* 8
10
2 97
09
4 80
4 10
3 37
97
81
75
4 20
82
1 10
80
1 55
84
60
13
15
88
2 20
65
72J
2 65
18
2 40
3 6O
2 75
3 00
32
15
_(£
55
11
111
14
19
2£
02
02 l
3
08
08
$0 09
14
34
37
35 54
39
44
42
47
40
40
16
14
131
18
14
$0 10i
$0 17J
17
18
g)
19£
16
16J
18}
16
19
20
15
16
5?
11
lli
m
m '.
01 3
01}
07i
8?
8*
08
07}
07i
g
08
78
16f
68
45
*0 74
84
79
491
84
92
90
95
1 00
54
81
90
1 00
94
AQ
19
32
19
42GG IND 27
41 8 PROPOSALS RECEIVED AND CONTRACTS AWARDED FOR
Abstracts of proposals received and contracts awarded in New York City, under
I NOTE.— Figures in large type denote the rates at which contracts have been awarded;
|
.9
1
i
i
K
N
£
i
I
3
^g
S
Class 7 — Continued.
H
o
l-s
be
I
1
NOTIONS— continued.
i
i
1
Points of delivery.
0
n
4
^4
i
•
•3
1
J»
'•&
£
1
1
5
•v>
£
5
I
i
i
1
Additional for Carlisle school.
Cte.
Ota.
Ota.
DoK.
Ota.
Buckles pants gross
6
4
6
Buttons collar do
Buttons, vegetable, ivory, or rubber .do . .
Buttons uniform brass coat . do
24
20
24
2O
25
25
Brushes dust dozen
1
1
Needles, assorted sizes, Nos. 3 to 7. i sharps, and
4 betweens M
6
0
Thread, linen, standard, 2 pounds each, Nos. 30-35,
and 40 black pounds
6
o
Thread shoe No 3 do
15
15
Thread shoe Barbour's No 10 do
48
48
Thread, Marshall's machine, white, 3-ounce spools,
Nos 35-40 and 50 " spools
24
24
Indelible ink Payson's dozen
4
4
CLASS 8.— GROCERIES.
Allspice ground . pounds
100
25,000
1,100
1,100
3,200
1,200
300
3,600
100
600
2,200
50
100
50
100
100
45, 000
50
130
3,000
100
" 'OS
41,745
5,250
3,600
7,250
5,OOO
19,250
3,6OO
750
15
10
12
10
11
12
6|
1 00
20
Apples dried do
Ba^s iiuiiiila paper 1 pound per 1 000
Bags, inanila paper, 2 pounds do. .
1 15
1 50
Bags, manila paper, 4 pounds do . .
1 65
1 95
Bags, manila paper, 6 pounds do. .
2 25
2 50
Bags manila paper 8 pounds do
2 65
2 90
Bags, manila paper, 10 pounds ..do..
Bags, in:i 11 i hi. paper, 4-2 pounds do. .
20,35O
1,100
2,100
6,000
1,300
1,750
59,475
81
200
I.2SO
61
3 60
4 50
5 00
Bigs, manila paper, 14 pounds do..
Bags manila paper 16 pounds do
Bags, manila paper, 20 pounds do. .
lia^s manila paper 25 pounds do
5 50
6 00
Baking powder, standard quality, in J and £ pound
tins, packed in strong boxes of not more than
100 pounds each pounds
25
51
24
14ft8*
19
23J
24
24i
25
25
50
35
Beeswax . . pounds
Boxes blueing dozen
12
18
22
13f
12
12*
20
25
14J
13
15
25
Candles adamantine 6's pounds
Cassia ground do
NOTIONS AND GROCERIES FOR INDIAN SERVICE. 4l9
advertisements of April 23, 1884, for goods fcr the Indian service — Contiuued.
awards were made on the comparison of samples with which each bid is accompanied.]
I
*
Points of deli very.
New York.
Saint Louis.
j
1
Saint Paul,
Chicago,
Saint Louis.
1
0
New York.
New York.
New York.
Saint Louis.
New York.
New York.
g | New York.
New York.
New York.
g Saint Louis.
New York
or Carlisle.
New York.
New York.
Cts.
Cts.
Cte.
Dott.
Doll.
Doll.
12
DoU.
Z>oK.
Cts.
Ote.
Cts.
Cte.
Cts.
Dol Doll.
DoU.
!
6O
4 98
49O
245
2 49
375
4 50
5 00
150
77
84
»5T%
74
80
84
1 llilfc
238
I 00
1 10
125
70
80
15
18
20
::
i
CLASS 8.— GEOCERIES.
08
10
i
6^
W
7 35
7 40
7 65
7 85
84
1 05
1 32
1 52
1 79
2 10
83
103
126
1 50
1 78
2O6
1 60
2 00
2 50
2 90
3 40
4 00
2 30
2 48
226
4 40
4 80
2 73
3 25
4 30
4 75
5 25
5 75
2 60 5 20
3 30 6 30
4 3O 8 30
4 7O 9 00
5 22 10 00
5 65 11 00
. i
[
24
25
09
35
36
26J
45
it
23
25
27&
29^
3U
25
15
15|
11
12J
16
15
20
24
31
13J
14*
420
PROPOSALS RECEIVED AMD CONTRACTS AWARDED
Abstracts of proposals received and contracts awarded in New Y<,rk City, under
[NOTE.— Figures in large type denote the rates at which contnu t.-? have been awarded ;
Class 8— Continued.
GROCE RI ES— Cont i nued .
Quantity oifered.
Quantity awarded.
Frank A. McKeone.
Wm. T. Elkinton.
A. E. Whyland.
S. M. Kosenblatt.
Lucas Oakley.
Points of delivery.
New York.
Philadelphia,
New York.
•
New York.
New York.
Cloves ground pounds
50
895
200
220
500
65
250
160
20, 000
300
140, 000
3,500
2, 200
5,000
300
600
200
50
600
65
}!0 24
06fc
Corn starch do . .
1,937
35
Ginger ground .. do..
233
21
315
535
38
Indigo do
Matches gross
539
7O
55
60
70
80
12
Mustsvrd "round . ... pounds
349
Peaches dried do
234
23,S40
24
Soap, samples of, not less than five
pounds of Cfich quality submitted
463
$0 4. 2,3
4.41
4.48
$o 034
o*d&
04Tg0
$0 4. 40
4.51
$0 4. 12
4.39
4.47
4.54
5.09
6.00
Sod i, star.dnid quality, in pound and
half-pound tin cans, packed in strong
hoKes, of not more than 1UO pounds
162,995
2,290
2,633
12
Starch pounds
04J
27
31
38
34
38
45
12
19
Sirup, in barrels of not exceeding 43
8,050
{
-
i 1,900
50
1,400
1
{
Additional for Carlisle school.
FOR OEOCEEIES FOE INDIAN SEEVICE.
421
advei'tisement of April 23, 1884, for goods for the Indian service — Continued,
awards were made on the comparison of samples with which each bid was accompanied.]
1
J
S
^
.
*o
,a
1
§D
-3
3
«
1
|
p|
1
S
I
1
Q
S
H
1
H
Q
a
1
•^
1
1
w
Si
Acklin
!
w
a
1
od
P4
S
§
I
I
1
.s
1
1
^
6
>?
.3
1
H
w
Points of delivery.
New York.
New York.
New York.
Saint Louis.
New York.
Saint Louis.
New York.
Saint Paul,
Chicago,
Saint Louis.
New York.
I
Saint Louis.
New York.
$0 17
$0 15
$o 131
0 15
30
$0 07
0^1
17
064-
15
06
16
20
05J
O6jr
35
28
14
15
20
$0 40
25
3O
22 i
12
H
09
26
10
30
16
12
12
25
14
80
65
55
70
70
60
$0 60
28
75
12
70
85
12
10
13
40
70
85
32
18
12
14
07*
071
$0 07
18
$O O6
15
12
16
07i
074
16
30
<w*
18Jt
16
19
18
04i
$9 03|
3.94
04i
$0 3 89
$0 33^
3 96
4 85
19
%
04
04£
04&
04|
04|
05§
05|
07
4.02
4.38
4.54
5.69
07*
4.29
4.57
4.31
4.70
08
5.20
5.40
5.60
5.80
05
08
071
04*
08
03*
09
04*
08*
23
03|
28
27
$0 23
ran
| 33
1 OR
29
36
28
33
26
27
29
31
29
•
31
[33
38
1<H
37
10
32
33
35
37
13
12
12*
14i
19|
16
20
23
15
4O
]4&
i«'>i
35
25
45
0%
0 14
422
PROPOSALS RECEIVED AND CONTRACTS AWARDED
Abstract of proposals received and contracts awarded in Neiv York City, under advertisement
of April 23, 1884, for goods for the Indian service — Continued.
[NOTE. — Figures in large type denote the rates at which contracts have been awarded; awards were
made on comparison of samples with which each bid was accompanied.
Class 9.
CROCKERY AND LAMPS.
Quantity offered.
Quantity awarded.
C. L. Knapp.
j
i
jj
3
PQ
W
J. H. Woodhouse.
R. A. Robbins.
Points of delivery.
Kansas City.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
50
45
10
184
136
$1 08
1 63
1 00
1 10
1 60
36 00
I 80
3 60
5 40
1 30
1 08
10 75
7 00
8 00
9 00
1 00
2 00
7 85
3 40
3 25
5 00
4 50
3 50
4 00
40
70
1 20
45
75
1 25
50
90
1 50
70
75
1 35
90
1 60
50
02
03
05
08
1 63
2 28
3 90
1 20
$O69
83
81
90
1 35
11 OO
3 75
4 30
5 70
92
85
77
62
12 00
7 00
4 95
4 50
4 00
1 OO
4 50
6 00
2 25
2 50
2 85
3 25
1 50
1 75
2 00
2 20
30
32
42
31
33
43
30*
01 *
02
03|
05
38
25
65
50
40
3 60
82
70
$075
89
71
78
1 IS
$0 69
1 02
79
79
1 25
Bowls', quart, ironstone do . .
10
10
2
5
9
6
250
60
20
35
6
20
10
25
12
80
120
160
12
11
4
45
200
300
250
90
20
12
20
250
10
10
i
346
78
39*
48*
31 i*
35*
53
1
33
136
311
15
4
131*
93
175
349
43
36*
389
Burners lamp No. 2 do
Crocks l-^allon ... do
Crocks 3-gallou . do
Cups and saucers, coffee, ironstone do..
Cups and saucers tea, ironstone do
89
74
7 35
542
85
498
3 80
3 30
3 83
3 33
39
31
41
31
33
43
38
01*
01
03^
05
1 34
1 56
2 97
82
1 12
95
8 OO
5 00
Dishes, meat, ironstone, 20-inch do. .
Dishes, vegetable, with covers, ironstone, do.
Lamp-shades paper ...... do
Lamps, glass, with bracket, burner, and
chimney complete . . . doz
4 75
2 90
Lamps, glass, with burner and chimney
complete do'z
Lamps, student's No. 1, with burner, shade,
Lamps, tin, safety, kerosene, with burn-
ers doz
8 49
Lamp-chimneys, sun-burner, No. 0 do..
Lamp-chimneys, sun-burner, No. 1 do. .
Lamp-chimneys sun-burner No 2 do
1
Lamp-chimneys, sun-hinge, No. 0 do. .
Lamp-chimneys, sun-hinge, No. 2 do . .
Lamp chimneys, for student-lamp No. l.do. .
Lamp-wicks No 0 do
01$
5 °
1 15
1 70
3 00
83
$0 OH
01 A
.J1*8
Lamp-wicks, No. 1 do
Lamp-wicks, No. 2 do. .
Lamp- wicks student's No. 1 do
Pitchers, pint, ironstone do..
Pitchers quart ironstone do
Pitchers, water, ironstone do. .
Plates, dinner, ironstone do . .
FOR CROCKERY AND LAMPS FOR INDIAN SERVICE.
423
Abstract of proposals received and contracts awarded in Netc York City, under advertisement
of April 23, 1884, for goods for the Indian service — Continued.
[NOTB. — Figures in large type denote the rates at which contracts have been awarded ; awards were
made on comparison of samples, with which each bid was accompanied.]
Class 9— Continued.
CROCKERY AND LAMPS — continued.
Quantity offered.
Quantity awarded.
p,
A
rt
a
M
n4
c
1
<3
£
J . H. Woodhouse.
R. A. Robbins.
Points of delivery.
Kansas City.
1
_!_
$0 50
40
33
36
39
C5
75
50
Gl
1 75
5O
25
27
7 50
8 95
4 75
New York.
New York.
Plates, pie, ironstone.... dozen
40
45
CO
55
15
20
80
10
2
53
96
93
45
33*
41|
1O5
$0 75
57
1 CO
89
3 25
75
40
65
12 35
$0 50
34
71
50
1 23
35
40
27
8 25
4 68
$0 62
35
78
50
1 70
50
55
27
9 30
5 75
Plates, sauce, ironstone do. . .
Plates soup ironstone do
Plates, tea, ironstone do ..
Reflectors lamp 7-inch do
Salt-sprinklers .. . . do
Tumblers . . do
"Wash-bowls and pitchers, ironstone (24
pieces) dozen
1»A
2
Additional for Carlisle School
Chambers with covers dozen
7 80
424 PROPOSALS RECEIVED AND CONTRACTS AWARDED FOR
Abstract of proposals received and contracts awarded in New York City, under
[NOTE.— Figures in large type denote the rates at which contracts have been awarded ;
Class 10.
FURNITURE AND WOODEN WARE.
Quantity offered.
Quantity awarded.
C. L. Knapp.
W. A. Shaw.
J. H. "Woodhouse.
Points of delivery.
Kansas City.
New York.
New York.
Baskets clothes large . . dozen
9
fi
9
350
«75
a75
190
1,800
40
150
12
100
15
100
3
16
60
90
11
80
*S*
8|
Baskets measurin0" 1 bushel do
Bedsteads wood double 6 feet by 4 feet
Bedsteads wood single, 6 feet by 3 feet
247
Bedsteads, wrought-iron frame, double, with casters,
6 feet by 4 feet
152
Bedsteads, wrought-iron frame, single, with casters,
6 feet by 3 feet
347
184
2,680
42§
466
$002i
03
03i
05*
Brooms whisk do..
5
222
12i
3 O4
Chairs reed seat - dozen
Chairs, wood, office, bow-back and arms do. . .
199J
$
3 60
2 65
2 95
78
143
15
4O5
3 75
3 50
3 20
a Or more.
FUKNITUEE AND WOODEN WARE FOR INDIAN SERVICE. 425
advertisement of April 23, 1884, for goods for the Indian service — Continued,
awards were made on comparison of samples, with which each bid was accompanied.]
B. A. Bobbins.
S. H. Crane.
H. T. Wakeman.
Hartford Woven
Wire Mattress
Company,
i
Smith Davis Man-
ufacturing Com-
pany.
bi
i
1
P. C. Herrick.
James B. Michael.
H. B. Claflin.
G. M. Acklin.
Dwight Tredway.
Points of delivery.
New York.
0
New York.
New York.
49
i
O
II.
1
1
1
1
O
.3
•M
$7 4O
$7 00
3 65
2 OO
5 40
2 25
4 75
2 35
$6 25
$2 10
2 37
2 5O
2 25
•
2 55
2 25
5 80
2 35
1 95
2 5O
2 10
8 50
8 15
$6 75
$9 18
2 50
8 00
8 50
y 5O
7 25
7 00
S 85
8 94
6 75
031
O4
7 50
6 50
$0 031
$0 03/5
1 5O
1 50
*1 45
2 98
1 40
2 50
$2 91
$2 75
2 90
2 88
1 70
2 70
2 90
1 00
2 97
3 00
3 05
1 50
3 00
3 10
1 4O
3 25
2 00
6 50
3 20
8 OO
6 90
4 60
4 75
5 OO
13 OO
14 50
2 45
2 70
2 75
3 95
3O
0 38
3 25
2 95
10
1 10
16 50
20 00
22 50
2 90
4 00
3 1O
3 50
3 65
3 25
a Or more.
426 PROPOSALS RECEIVED AND CONTRACTS AWARDED FOR
Abstract of proposals received and contracts awarded in New York City, under
[NOTE.— Figures in large type denote the rates at which contracts have been awarded;
Class 10— Continued.
FUBNITUBE AND WOODEN WAKE— continued.
Quantity offered.
Quantity awarded.
g
I
W
OB
Ij
- H^
ri
Points of delivery.
Chicago.
New York.
70
5
15
5
15
3
100
100
1
12
10
65
150
5
85
110
75
30
5O
9
24
5
19
( $325
< 3 00
( 2 75
Desks teachers' . ...
Machines, sewing, Domestic "family," with cover and acces-
sories . . . - -
Machines, Domestic, No. .^0, with cover and accessories
Machines, Singer's "family," with cover and attachments
Machines, Singer's tailors', with cover and attachments
Mattresses double excelsior cotton-top
2 65
245
2 25
2 75
1 25
2 50
70
$3 00
2 55
Mattresses , single excelsior cotton-top
120
1!
IT}
51f
244
Measures, wood, 1-peck, iron-bound dozen . .
Measures wood, J-bushel, iron-bound do
1 30
Pails, wood, three iron hoops, unpainted do ...
Pillows moss 3 pounds each
Eolling-pins, 2j;xl3 inches, exclusive of handles dozen..
a**
1 37
"Washstands wood
99*
128
38£
58
1 40
85
Washtubs, cedar, three hoops dozen..
2 5O
2 44
CLASS 11.— SADDLES, HARNESS, LEATHER, ETC.
1
90
5
8
22
6
1
8
130
40
6
5
5
5
5
5
2|
134
21
10&
Blankets horse .
Bridles harness . • • dozen
Bridles riding do
Bridle-bits tinned curb .... do
Brushes horse leatner-backs do
4 85
5 00
6 75
Buckles, roller, harness, $-inch loop gross . .
Buckles, roller, harness, f -inch tinned iron do. . .
Buckles, roller, harness, if •inch tinned iron do
T
15 2
14
13
87
85
3s
Buckles, roller, harness, 1-inch tinned iron do. . .
Buckles trace IJ-inch prs
Buckles trace 2-inch uo .
Chains, halter, with snap, 4.J feet, No. 0 doz . .
Cockeyes, or trace hooks, japanned, 2-inch do. . .
16
2
Cockeyes screwed japanned 2-inch do
Cockeves, screwed, iapauned, 2&-inch... -- do ..
FURNITURE, WOODEN WARE, ETC., FOR INDIAN SERVICE. 427
advertisement of Api^il 23, 1884, for goods for the Indian service — Continued,
awards were made on comparison of samples with which each bid was accompanied.]
gSV.
i
j
^
1
d
ri
§
'S
m
» « a
M«S §
3
y
" 00
1
H
S
ri
j
fid
ii
.2 so
!/2
M
^
«
ri
<3
o
O3
H
Points of delivery.
New York.
New York.
New Ycrk.
New York.
I
New York.
New York.
.5 fc
&
J1s
New York.
$2 95
($2 9O
2 65
< 2 75
I 2 50
10 00
$29 5O
13 50
-
4O OO
$22 50
37 00
21 9O
26 25
39 9O
2 70
1 99
2 90
*2 50
1 4O
1 70
2 90
1 90
$0 48
3 15
65
'
72
96
2 55
3 15
90
1 79
93
95
1 23
2 37
a 14 6O
1 25
2 55
13 90
a 12 40
11 00
2 91*
CLASS ll.-SADDLES, HARNESS, LEATHEE, ETC.
$1O 9O
$4 50
11 50
3 5O
$4 00
17 OO
2 75
2 50
2 10
S 5O
1 02
99
13 50
75
90
89
5 50
5 50
1 35
1 75
]5 00
$5 25
to
9 5O
3 70
3 90
7 50
05
8 00
85
1 20
90
50
75
60
6O
85
65
82
1 1O
90
1 15
1 50
1 23
6
10
11
11£
15
16
1 88
2 20
2 65
3 50
2 40
3 5O
9O
1 1O
33
72
45
42
96
60
rt Delivered in Chicago,
428
PKOPOSALS RECEIVED AND CONTRACTS AWARDED
Abstracts of proposals received and contracts awarded in New York City, under
[NOTE.— Figures in large type denote the rates at which contracts have been awarded ;
Class 11— Continued.
SADDLES, HARNESS, LEATHER, ETC.— continued.
Collars, horse, medium
Collars, horse, large do .
Collars, mule ...do.
Halters do..
Hames, Concord pairs.
Harness, double, with breeching, Concord hames sets .
Harness, double, without breeching, Concord hames do . .
4
6
12
30
325
100
Harness, plow, double, with back-band and collars, Concord hames do. . . 110
Harness, single do... l
Leather, harness (15 to 18 pounds per side) pounds . . 10, 000
Leather, lace (sides)
Leather, sole, hemlock pounds . . 1, 700
Leather, sole, oak do ... 1, 690
Rings, halter gross .
Rings, harness, assorted do... 7
Saddles 25
Surcingles dozen . . 4
Wax, saddlers', African pounds.. 35
"Wax, shoemakers', African do. .
Additional for Carlisle School.
Bridle bits, tinned, X.C., ring dozen.. 40
Buckles, harness, "sensible," f-inch tinned iron gross.. 20
Buckles, haruess, ' ' sensible, " J-inch tinned iron do ... 26
Buckles, harness, "sensible," |-inch tinned iron do. .. 27
Buckles, harness, "sensible," 1-inch tinned iron do... 10
Buckles, harness, "sensible," 1^-inch tinned iron do... 14
Clips, trace pairs . . 300
Hames, Concord, 19-inch wood clip do ... 400
Leather, calf-skin pounds. . 200
Rings, harness, 1 J-inch gross.. 14
Rings, breeching, l|-inch do... 7
Ink, blacking, pints dozen . . 4 j 4
Rivets, hame, |-iiich, No. 7 wire pounds.. 48 4N
Sheep-skins (assorted colors) dozen . . I 6 ! 6
Terrets,X.C do. . 4 j
0 Awarded to Carlisle School,
FOR SADDLES, HARNESS, ETC., FOR INDIAN SERVICE. 429
advertisement of April 23, 1884, for good* for tlte Indian service — Continued,
awards were made on comparison of samples with which each hid was accompanied.]
e
a b:
W)
a
©
w *
.
?s
£J
5
Ig
ii
3§
Wg
•1
ri*
Is
. a
il
^0
e8W
11
^s
O
OJ
£
5
w
0
^^
pj
Points of delivery.
New York.
New York.
New York
or Carlisle.
Baltimore.
New York.
New York.
New York.
NewTZork.
$13 50
$13 00
18 OO
18 50
13 50
14 50
16 00
16 00
18 00
18 50
13 50
14 50
13 00
16 00
15 00
18 OO
18 50
19 5O
14 50
13 00
15 00
7 50
3 75
80
10 00
$0 85
65
79
55
23 06
25 50
$1 75
99 98
20 19
14 75
20 70
23 50
23 50
90 75
17 75
13 00
19 75
21 50
20 75
$13 00
11 00
04
32J
>O 33
35
*0 043
33
5O
$0 55
30J
55
31i
50
ff
53
22A
9lS
34
35*
3O
32
90
80
1 90
1 12
1 15
56
3O
9 95
7 75
10 50
33
39
49
1 50
3 ro
6 75
13
1O
13
1O
6O
65
68
50
56
75
77
70
62
72
66
95
88
79
1 08
1 00
90
1 37
1 26
1 95
2 07
1 90
3
8
3
80
3
73
85
74
65
55
60
85
SO
75
78
1 31
90
94
1 12
1 95
1 20
1 00
10
10
1O
7 5O
62
58
70
61
430 PROPOSALS RECEIVED AND CONTRACTS AWARDED FOR
Abstract of proposals received and contracts awarded in New York City, under
[NOTE.— Figures iu large type denote the rates at which contracts have been awarded ;
Class 12.
AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS.
(Deliverable packed in quantities as required.)
Quantity offered.
Quantity awarded.
H. T. "Wakoman.
Robert Murray.
Edw'd A. Bolmes.
1
John A. "Walker.
R. B. Thomas.
Points of delivery.
New Tork.
Chicago.
K
ii
^tH
New York.
Chicago.
300
180
50
2
449
1O3
Dolls.
Doll.
Dollars.
Doll.
75
Dolls.
1 25
1
5
3
5
35
7
2
110
12
18
5
1,000
40
200
12
30
30
12
12
2,000
15
3
14
64*
3O
11
9
1474
14A
•H
40
348
774
11*
13
1,350
4 00
8 00
Cradles grain 4 finders with scythes . ...doz..
4 00
390
7 75
Cultivators 2-horse ................
Feed cutters
4 35
3 97
4 50
4 70
6 00
6 75
5 20
6 25
890
10 50
Forks, hay, c. s., 3 oval tines, 5J-ffc. hdl doz. .
Forks, hay, c. s. , 4 oval tines, 5 £-f t. hdl do ...
Forks manure c s 4 oval tines long hdl do...
3 60
4 05
4 28
4 73
4 95
5 63
6 30
6 98
495
563
6 30
8 78
945
4 15
5 64
9 35
Forks, manure, c. s., 5 tines, long hdl., strapped fer-
rule doz
Handles, ax, 36-inch, hickory No. 1 do ...
Handles hay -fork 5i feet do
1 47
1 40
Handles, pick, 36-inch, No. 1, cased do. . .
1 73
1 73
Harrow teeth, square f -inch, headed Ibs . .
Harrows 40-teeth
034
6 75
Hoes, garden, solid shanks, 8-in doz. .
Hoes, grub, c. s., oval eye, No. 2 do...
70
3
90
75
1354
334
2 75
3 00
504
3 75
4 00
3 05
6 25
3 90
"3 "so
2 57
2 74
2 85
3 34
3 73
3 75
4 10
Hoes, planters, c. s., 10-inch, with eye do ...
240
3
10
2
8
3154
814
3
3O
3
a
7 60
Machines, mowing, single trees, double trees, and
neck yoke complete, with 24 extra knives
Machines, mowing and reaping combined, complete,
46 OO
Machines, reai>in<r, complete. with24 extra knives. ..
AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS FOR INDIAN SERVICE. 431
advertisement of April 23, 1884, for goods for the Indian service— Continued,
awards were made on comparison of samples with which each bid was accompanied.]
S. H. Crane.
1
A. B. Cohu.
J. H. Woodhouse.
E. W. Herendeen.
Kelly, Mans & Co.
Chas. H. Deere.
Spencer C.Gilbert.
I
Sandusky Tool Co.
£
hi
D. S. Morgan & Co.
Turner, Day &
Woolworth Man-
ufacturing Co.
K. A. Robbins.
Albert Flagler.
Graff M. Acklin.
Dwight Tredway.
Points of delivery.
Chicago.
New York.
New York.
Chicago.
}
5
Chicago, Saint Louis,
Sioux City, Omaha,
Kansas City.
New York, Phila-
delphia, Baltimore.
jcj
O
If
fc
0
fr
1
O
1
S
New York, Chicago.
Saint Louis.
New York.
New York.
!
IS
0
Saint Louie.
Dollars.
57
60
72
77i
225
75
Dollars.
Dollars.
72
82
1 99
1 55
Dol
Dol
Dollars.
Dolls.
Dolls.
Dollars.
Dotts.
Dotts.
Dolls.
60
84
1 32
1 95
Dollars.
Cts.
60
63
Cts.
50
75
82
'
1 25
15 00
SO OO
5 50
21 75
6 75
22 00
6 00
1940
4 50
5 00
14 5O
21 00
25 25
11 50
4 50
3 96
5 50
5 85
10 00
3 80
523
5 23
8 50
1 30
80
1 OO
10
75
75
25
75
02J
3 53
3 86
3 97
4 86
5 51
6 18
4 86
5 51
9 26
1 22
1 33
109
113J
1 24
1 40
70
1 20
t 25
1 09
142
1 15 3 00
1 40 3 00
1 42
1 72
1 35
1 35
O2f
02|
03|
1 85
8 50
5 50
6 OO
2 43
2 70
2 64
525
3 98
3 00
3 25
3 80
'"-"'"
2 80
3 00
3 25
3 28
3 48
3 60
800
...
9 00
52 00
11000
89 00
14 75
51 45
38 00
. . SO 30
68 00
432 PROPOSALS RECEIVED AND CONTRACTS AWARDED FOR
Abstract of proposals received and contracts awarded in New York City, under
[NOTE.— Figures in large type denote the rates at which contracts have been awarded;
Class 12— Continued.
AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS— Continued.
(Delivered packed in quantities as required.)
0
Quantity offered.
Quantity awarded.
H. T. Wakeman.
Robert Murray.
Edw'd A. Bolmes.
Points of delivery.
New York.
1
New York, Chicago,
Saint Louis, Saint
Paul.
1
1
1
40
30
25
2
7
3
130
40
230
60
60
15
10
35
25
5
8
300
3
100
60
4
70
80
21
36i
?lf
76
14
184
49
178
96
131
16
199
85
,,8ar
45
19if
91&
$045
Ox-bows 2-inch - ...do
Picks, earth, steel-pointed, assorted, 5 and 6 pounds,
$5 20
$645
Plows 12-inch c s 2-horse .. .-
Plows! breaking, 12 -inch, with rolling coulter, gauge-
2 06
2 44
08
Pump tubing, wood, with necessary couplings feet. .
Rakes! hay| wood, 12 teeth, 2* bows doz . .
Rakes, malleable iron, handled, 12 teeth do. . .
Scoops grain medium quality No 4 .... ..do ..
2 20
$2 16
7 40
7 75
495
to 6 00
405
5 13
Scythes, grass, assorted, 36 to 40 inch, packed in cases,
dozen
5 48
4 65
4 87
Scythe-snaths .. .. doz.
Seed-drill
1
76>2
Seeders broadcast hand
18
3
36
12
130
90
45
3
80
3
18
l"36.\
59i
97*
59*
tflf
14f
5 62
to 7 03
5 80
to 7 03
Sickles No 3 grain do
2 85
6 15
to 7 40
6 J5
to 7 40
Spades, short-handle No. 3 cased do. . .
6 48
15
80
20
20
16
117
53
179
32
1
1
1
1
62
6
6
Plow-beam for 14-inch breakers
1
a Extra shares, $1.25.
b Extra shares, $1.50.
c Extra shares, $1.75.
AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS FOR INDIAN SERVICE.
433
advertisement of March !.">, 1SS1, for goods for the Indian service— Continued,
awards were made on comparison of samples, with which each bid was accompanied.]
00
i
|
1
ID
|
W
£
•
o
d
o
j
I
R
w
1
i
1
1
I-
Ha
ri
w
co
pa
w
I
ri
^
rf
1
Points of delivery.
Chicago.
Chicago.
Chicago.
jA
&
|
0
£
New York.
Chicago.
Chicago, Saint Paul,
Sioux City, Oma-
ha, Kansas City.
New York. Philadel-
phia, Baltimore.
1
1
New York.
$400 00
$400 00
420 00
...... ....
430 00
45OOO
475 00
50
$O 44
$0 44
53
3 O9
to 55
3 80
5 00
6 50
$4 75
$4 75
$3 75
4 5O
•
4 5O
«6 5O
&7 5O
c7 5O
c/S 5O
•
12 OO
12 OO
12 OO
49 50
e3 75
2 50
'
/2 25
1 9O
3 25
2 08
3 CO
08
20 00
Si 6 75
1 75
2 00
2 20
$9 O5
9 25
6 70
6 3O
9 40
6 75
7 ^5
6 45
5 33
7 00
5 2O
5 50
4 15
to 5 75
3 35
to 4 87
54 00
4 75
22 00
29 00
7 50
5 15
5 00
5 31
5 25
7 65
5 46
to 5 64
5 55
7 45
5 35
5 45
5 45
7 60
5 67
5 00
to 5 83
5 75
2 68
8 00
5 57
5 65
5 65
8 15
8 00
5 88
5 57
6 00
to 6 04
5 65
5 95
5 65
8 15
5 88
6 00
to fi 04.
5 95
9 OO
9 00
5 75
6 75
1
15 03
G 3O
7 29
2 75
3 ?0
3 75
4 00
3 25
$0 38
70
70
I
38
1
43
70
!
43
80
48
80
I
d Extra shares, $2. e Bessemer steel blades, $2.25.
42G6 IND 28
/Bessemer steel blades, $1.90.
434 PROPOSALS RECEIVED AND CONTRACTS AWARDED FOR
Abstract of proposal* received and contracts awarded in New York City, under advertise
menlof April 23, 1884, for good* jor the Indian service — Continued.
[NOTE.— Figures in large type denote the rates at which contracts have been awarded ; awards were
made on comparison of samples with which each bid was accompanied.]
Class 13.
WAGONS AND WAGON FIXTURES.
•
Quantity offered.
Quantity awarded.
4
1
W
a!
Kelly, Mans & Co.
M. Rosenfield.
Stndcl'aker Bios.
Manufacturing
Company.
Clemens & Co.
l
Chicago.
|
Points
5
|
0
of deliv
1
8
2
0
ery.
_o
M
0
Saint Louis,
Kansas City,
or Chicago.
Axletrees, hickory, wagon :
2i by 3£ narrow track .
50
20
80
40
50
20
2
20
7
10
40
60
18
15
50
3
50
4
3
30
25
15
10
4
30
6
1
20
40
18
550
550
200
100
115
120
40
10
18
6
2
1
12
1
25
28
70
50
20
28
100
105
21
12
31
$0 43
43
43
49
54
67
81
43
43
43
49
54
67
81
J9
23
25
27
21
26
28
31
18
21
21
26
20
25
25
28
§*
10
3 00
30
30
17
17
75
80
90
1 00
1 15
1 50
1 20
1 75
2 00
1 10
1 1O
$0 50
50
60
65
75
85
1 00
50.
50
60
65
75
85
1 00
30
33
33
25
33
35
40
22
24
30
31
25
30
33
37
10
10
$0 40
40
40
50
50
60
75
40
40
40
50
50
CO
75
16
16
30
35
16
n
27
30
16
22
25
28
16
25
28
30
10
10
$035
42
44
50
48
52
58
47
48
48
50
53
58
63
25
26
37
4.5
29
31
42
46
25
26
20
30
30
32
35
36
10
11
2 75
45
45
25
30
oa hv 33
3 by 4 .
3i bv 4i
3i bv 4*
4 by 5
4£ by 5J
Axletrees, hickory, wagon :
?i bv 3J wide track
2i bv »
26
22
15
4
10
9
29
34
57
28
37
31
113
49
16
24
93
23
. .„.
19
30
118
950
90
170
98
123
41
11
10
5
24
25
6
6
11
17
64
3 by 4
3i by 4 J
31 bv 4*
4 by 5
4i by 5£
Bolsters, oak, wagon, front:
2J by 3^ narrow track
22 bv 4i
3 by 4£ ..
-
3& by 5
Bolsters, oak, wagon, front:
2i by 3i wide track
2f by 41
3 bv 4|
31 by 5
Bolsters, oak, wagon, rear :
2J by 3 narrow track
2£- by 3i .
3 by 4
3^ by 4^
Bolsters, oak, wagon, rear:
2i by 3, wide track
22 bv 3i
3 by 4
34 bv 4i
Bows narrow track
$240
Covers, 8 oz. duck, 10 by 14 feet, free from
Evenets, oak, wagon, full-ironed, narrow
track «ets
28
33
13
17
66
77
90
1 05
1 25
1 40
1 30
1 90
2 25
1 10
1 15
38
38
17
Evenors, wide track do
Eveuers, oak, wagon, plain, narrow track
sets
Felloes, hickory, wagon, bent :
^i by 1J inches sets
Igbylg do
H by l| do
1
lg by if do
1J by 1| do
2 by 2 . do
Felloes, oak, wagon, bent :
2 by 2 inches sets
2£ by 2J do
2£ by 2£ do
Felloes, oak, wagon, sawed:
li by 2 inches, cased sets
95
1 25
1 80
1 05
2by2i.. ..do..
FOR WAGON FIXTURES FOR INDIAN SERVICE.
435
Alwtract of proposals received and contracts awarded in New York City, under advertise-
ment of April "23, 1884, for goods for the Indian service— Continued.
[NOTE. — Figures in large type denote the rates at which contracts have been awarded; award* were
made on comparison of samples with which each bid was accompanied.]
Class 13— Continued.
WAGONS AND WAGON FIXTURES— Continued.
Quantity oflFered.
Quantity awarded.
w
a!
Kelly, Maus & Co.
M. Rosenfield.
Studebaker Bros.
Manufact'g Co.
Tnthill Spring Co.
J. W. Williams &
Son.
Points of delivery.
1
1
0
Chicago.
3
0
3
0
IS
0
Ji
ii
Felloes, oak, wagon, sawed— Continued.
2by2$ sets.
8
2
160
100
110
8
12
3
1
2
600
10
8
4
25
25
30
5
15
15
60
70
80
40
5
2
4
1
1
130
35
150
200
300
380
490
175
320
80
10
10
1
10
10
10
5
80
183
85
25
30
10
6
1
324
420
146
48
91
83
19
22
8
11
77
59
65
1O
9
8
11
157
24O
401
238
503
6O4
282
339
80
10
10
1O
10
10
*liS
30
21
21
90
95
1 05
1 25
1 55
29
29
29
1 22
1 32
1 62
2 03
2 16
1 40
2 00
2 00
2 00
2 25
2 25
2 25
2 60
3 00
3 30
3 60
3
85
85
85
35
8
40
9
36
7 25
7 25
9 42
1 20
1 75
$1 25
1 90
31
19
22
85
9O
95
1 00
1 4O
28
28
28
1 22
1 33
1 62
2 03
2 16
1 60
60
60
70
80
80
80
2 30
2 55
3 00
3 25
31
6*
68
68
68
30
40
8|
16
2 624
2 25
6 50
60
$1 25
2 00
35
25
35
1 00
1 00
1 15
1 40
1 50
45
45
45
$2 08
2 30
48
32
42
1 10
1 42
1 50
1 70
2 30
58
63
70
1 26
1 45
'2| by 3 do
Hounds, oak, wagon :
Front 3 pieces cased sets
Pole 2 pieces do..
Hubs, oak :
7J by 9 sets
8 by 10 do..
gi jjy 11 do
9 by 12 do
10byl2 do.
Reaches, oak:
For 31-inch wa^on
Reaches oak for 3^-inch wagon
Skeins, wagon :
2£x 74, inches, packed in cases or barrels
2^ x 8 inches sets
$105
1 15
1 35
1 75
1 90
3~x 9 inches do
1 75
3£ x 10 inches do..
2 05
2 30
2 25
2 30
2 55
2 70
2 90
3 00
3 08
3 55
4 05
4 30
4 55
6J
3J x 11 inches do
Spokes, hickory, buggy, l^-inch, cased,
sets
1 80
1 80
2 00
2 00
2 25
2 25
2 25
2 50
3 00
3 50
4 00
Spokes, oak, wagon:
IJ-inch cased do
If-inch do
2-inch do
2i-inch do
tinch do
inch ... . do
inch do
3-inch do
3J-inch set . .
34-inch do
Springs, for wa^on seats per Ib
$6 57
(*)
Springs, wagon, elliptic do . .
Tongues, ash:
For 3-inch wagon
75
75
75
40
9
65
15
83
93
98
66
I3J
46
21
For 3 J-inch wagon ... . ...
For 34,-inch wagon
Whiffletrees, hickory, wagon, full ironed,
cased
"Whiffletrees plain cased
Yokes, neck, hickory, wagon, full ironed,
cased
Yokes, plain, turned to shape and size
Additional for Carlisle School. «,
Bows, wagon, flat top, 1J x |-in., by 3 ft 3 in.
Springs, platform, side, 42 x lg-in., 4 leaf,
sets ...
Springs, cross, 38 x l£-in., 6 leaf sets.
Wheels, spring wagon, height 4 feet, and 3
feet 6 iu., 1£ tread, 1$ spokes, 7 in. hub,
XX Sarvin patent seta
Poles, spring wagon, double bead, with
bow, 2| x 1£ inches
Transom plates for 20 inch circle, platform.
* 1J inch wide, black 6, bright 6J. If If or J wide, black 6f bright 6f .
436 PROPOSALS RECEIVED AND CONTRACTS AWARDED FOR
Abstract of proposals received and contract* awarded in New York City, under
[NOTE. — Figures in large type denote the rates at which contracts have been awarded ;
Delivered at—
Bidder.
Number
awarded.
Chicago
Studebaker Bros. Manufacturing Compai
E. A. "Webster
IV
353
43
5O
35
Kansas City
M. Rosenfield
A. Caldwell . .
F. C. Herrick
N. S Ketchum
Studebaker Bros. Manufacturing Compai
E. A. Webster ..... ..
Sioux City . ...
M. Rosenfield
A. Caldwell
F. C. Herrick .
N. S. Ketchum
Studebaker Bros. Manufacturing Compai
E.A.Webster
M. Rosenfield
A. Caldwell
F. C. Herrick
N S. Ketchum
Studebaker Bros. Manufacturing Compai
A. Caldwell . .
Omaha
F. C. Herrick
Saint Louis
F. C. Harriok . .
i
Bidder.
Bows.
Covers.
Spring
seats.
Top
boxes.
Studebaker Bros. Manufacturing Comp
E A Webster
anv
$0 10
11
60
10
1 00
$2 75
2 4O
2 60
2 20
3 75
3 75
$2 00
2 25
2 00
2 5O
3 50
240
$2 50
200
3 OO
2 00
3 OO
300
3 00
M. Rosenfield
A. Caldwell...
F. C. Herrick
N. S. Ketchum
WAGONS FOR INDIAN SERVICE. 437
advertisement of April 23, 1884, for goods for the Indian service — Continued.
awards were made on comparison of samples with which each bid was accompanied.]
0
Size of wagons.
21-inch.
3-inch.
8J-inch.
3J-inch.
Log.
Spring.
Narrow.
Wide.
Narrow.
Wide.
Narrow.
Wide.
Narrow.
Wide.
Narrow.
Wide.
$40 50
3600
40 00
i2 50
39 00
48 50
44 25
39 25
40 00
40 00
38 50
48 50
44 75
39 50
41 00
42 50
39 50
48 50
70 50
7000
40 00
3800
$41 50
3000
40 00
42 50
39 00
48 50
45 25
39 25
40 00
40 00
3850
48 50
45 75
39 50
41 00
42 50
39 50
48 50
71 00
70 00
40 00
38 00
$43 00
37 OO
41 00
43 50
41 00
49 50
46 75
40 25
41 00
41 00
4000
49 50
47 25
40 5O
42 00
43 50
41 00
49 50
73 50
71 OO
42 00
39 50
$43 50
37 OO
41 00
4-3 50
41 00
49 50
47 25
40 25
41 00
41 00
4000
49 50
47 75
40 50
42 00
43 50
41 00
49 50
74 00
71 OO
42 00
39 50
$44 50
38 00
42 00
45 50
43 00
50 70
48 25
41 25
42 00
43 00
4200
50 70
48 75
41 50
43 00
45 50
43 00
50 70
77 00
73 OO
44 00
41 50
$45 00
3800
42 00
45 50
43 00
50 70
48 75
41 25
42 (H)
43 00
4200
50 70
49 25
41 50
43 CO
45 50
43 CO
50 70
77 50
73 OO
44 00
41 50
$47 50
3950
43 00
48 50
45 00
5J 50
51 25
42 75
43 00
46 00
4400
52 50 '
. 51 75
4300
41 00
48 50
45 00
52 50
81 00
76 00
46 00
42 50
$18 50
3950
43 00
48 50
45 00
52 50
52 25
42 75
43 00
46 00
44 00
52 50
52 75
43 00
44 00
48 50
45 00
52 50
85 00
76 OO
46 00
42 50
$87 50
7000
$90 00
7000
$75 00
65 00
85 00
91 23
73 25
85 00
93 75
73 25
85 00
91 75
73 50
85 00
94 25
73 50
1
85 00
85 00
438 PROPOSALS RECEIVED AND CONTRACTS AWARDED
Abstract of proposals received and contracts awarded in New York City, under
[NOTE.— Figures in large type denote the rates at which contracts have been awarded ;
Class 14.
GLASS, OILS, PAINTS, ETC.
Quantity offered.
1
1*
1
0
W
w
B
«
i
EH
W
Points o
3
0
f delivery.
&
1
fc
®
fc
250
70
80
8
2
20
1
60
1
417
31O
101
39
3
17
81
Glass window 8 x 10 American B boxes
$2 85
285
2 85
2 85
2 85
2 85
2 85
2 85
3 12
3 12
3 12
3 12
3 12
3 12
3 33
3 33
3 33
3 12
3 12
3 33
3 33
3 33
$3 50
3 50
3 50
3 50
3 50
3 5O
2 50
3 50
3 60
3 60
3 60
2 60
3 60
3 60
3 SO
3 SO
3 SO
3 SO
3 SO
3 80
3 SO
3 SO
2 90
Glass' window' 9 x 12' . . . ..... -. ...... do
Glass' window 9x14 do
Glass window 9x15 - .........do
Glass' window' 10 x 12 do
Glass window 10x13 . do
Glass' window' 10 x 14 do
25
12
3
9
20
12
12
8
5
5
3
1
1
4
4
12
35
80
1,000
8,000
700
80
5,000
600
900
150
460
72
160
5,500
83
3O
13
31
35
34
16
10
10
18
4
13
85
134
1,59O
13,535
685
86
8,435
1,017
1,355
3O5
1
487
183
48O
8,000
Glass' window' 10 x 18 do
Glass window 12 x 14 do
Glass window 12x16 . . do
Glass window 12 x 18 do
Glass window 12x22 .... . .. do
Glass' window 12x28 do
Glass window 12 x 30 do
Glass' window 12x36 do
Glass window 14 x 22 . . do
Glass, window, 16x20 do
Glass window 16 x 22 . do
Glass window 16x24 do
Ochre Roch'ello in oil do
Oil, harness, in cans, cased gallons . . .
Oil, kerosene, fire-test not less than 150°, in 5-gallon tin cans,
cased gallons
19
75
70
Oil linseed raw in cans cased ........ . . do
OH (rowing-machine • bottles
•
Paint, roof .. gallons
60
3
3
3f
Paper building pounds..
U
FOR GLASS, OILS, AND PAINTS FOR INDIAN SERVICE. 439
advertisement of April 23, 1884, for goods for the Indian service — Continued,
awards were made on comparison of samples with which each bid was accompanied.]
t
s
I
*
4
.
CD
£
H
1
1
1
£
1
H
|
£
1
i
<j
H
1
s
«i
P4
be
•g
3
PH
d
i
Points of delivery.
New York.
New York.
New York.
At points
stated.
Saint Louis.
New York.
P
1*
^O 16
$0 16
«0 16
$0 19
25
20
" " " *0 93
12
2 30
36
2 85
2 30
2 85
2 30
2 85
2 30
2 85
2 30
2 85
2 30
2 85
2 30
2 85
2 30
2 85
2 65
3 15
2 65
3 15
2 65
3 15
2 65
3 15
2 65
3 15
2 65
3 15
2 75
3 35
3 10
3 35
3 10
3 35
2 65
3 15
2 65
3 15
2 65
3 15
2 65
3 15
2 65
3 15
3 OO
10O
70
3 25
1 10
85
104
10
ft*
g
ft »S
«
064
6i
5f
06*
7
7
?
15
95
82
8O
65
$0 73
17
734.
87
17
151
77
86
97
22*
$0 174
78
21
85
75
27
83
0
75
68
724.
68
71 A
72
87
94
1 03
73
79
72
65
S*
64 J»
68
77
70
434
68T%
19
21
74
90
224
•
30'
18J
06
27
43
O5
85
65
90
65
3 O5
2 00
•
3 20
3 60
2 90
1
440 PROPOSALS RECEIVED AND CONTRACTS AWAUDED
Abstract of proposals received and contracts awarded in New York City, nndw
[NoTE.-r-Figures in large type denote the rates at which contracts have been awarded;
Class 14— Continued.
1
w
00
GLASS, OILS, AND PAINTS— continued.
\
d
Points of
delivery.
0
£'
§
t
c3
i?
1
9
|
o
pounds .
8 000
9,7OO
$0 01 A
Pitch
...do..
350
COO
Olf
.gallons..
320
4C8
pounds.
320
"Varnish copal 1-gallon cans .
gallons . .
10
44
do .
60
55
pounds . .
1,900
1,115
Additional for Carlisle school.
pounds
25
do
10
JO
gallons
10
1O
Glass window 9^ by 12 American B
box .
1
1
3 10
Glass, window, 9| by 14, American, B
..boxes..
....do...
3
2
3
3 10
3 40
do
2
2
3 40
do
2
3 40
Glass window 16 by 26 American B
... do...
2
*j
3 80
Head-light oil fire-test not less than 150°
gallons
1 500
1.5OO
pounds
10
1O
FOE GLASS, OILS, AND PAINTS FOR INDIAN SERVICE.
advertisement of April 23, 1884, for goods for the Indian service— Continued,
awards were made on comparison of samples with which each bid was accompanied.]
441
od
Points of delivery.
1
1
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
14
So
0
l
$0 02
$2 1O
*n 012
2 20
1 95
04
02|
02*
05
45 ......
411
44
$0 10*
$O O9
53
13
1 20
1 00
1 25
110
1 15
1 00
1 15
1 05
Ol
01
Oli
003.
20
OK
25
17
29
40
1 5O
1 35
2 25
1 60
2 5O
2 30
300
2 5O
2 30
3 00
2 50
2 65
3 25
2 5O
2 65
3 OK
2 9O
3 10
3 25
2 95
3 10
340
12
141
$0 1*.
O3
07
08
SpU 16
442 PROPOSALS RECEIVED AND CONTRACTS AWARDED FOR
Abstract of proposals received and contracts awarded in New York City, und&
[NOTE. —Figures in large type denote the rates at which contracts have been awarded
Class 15.
AND IRON KETTLES, TIN, TINWABB, ETC.
Boilers, wash, IX tin, flat copper bottom, size 21 x 11 x 13 inches, iron drop handles,
riveted, No. 8 dozen
Buckets, water, galvanized iron, 4 gallons do..
Candle-molds, in stands of 8 molds (per dozen stands)
Candlesticks, planished tin, 6-inch
Cans, kerosene, 1-gallon, common top ..do
Coffee-boilers, 2 quarts, full size, plain tin, riveted spout and handle do. .
Coffeerboilers, 4 quarts, full size, plain tin, riveted spout and handle do..
Coffee-boilers, 6 quarts, full size, plain tin, riveted spout and handle do..
Coffee-mills, iron hopper box, No. 3 do..
Coffee-mills, side, No. 1 do..
Cups, pint, full size, stamped tin, re tinned, riveted handle do. .
Cups, quart, full size, stamped tin, returned, riveted handle do. .
Dippers, water, 1 quart, full size, long iron handles, riveted do..
Dippers, water, 2 quarts, full size, long iron handles, riveted do . .
Funnels, 1 quart, full size, plain tin do. .
Funnels, 2 quarts, full size, plain tin do..
Graters, nutmeg do..
Kettles, brass, 2-gallon
Kettles, brass, 2J-gallon
Kettles, brass, 3-gallon
Kettles, brass, 5- gallon
Kettlrs, brass, 6-gallon ,
Kettles, brass, 10-gallon
Kettles, camp (nest of three, 7, 11, and 14 quarts), galvanized iron, redipped, strapped
bottom nests
Kettles, camp (nest of three, 7, 11, and 14 quarts), plain iron, strapped bottom.. do. ..
Kettles, galvanized iron, 7 quarts dozen.
Kettles, galvanized iron, 11 quarts do. ..
Kettles, galvanized iron, 14 quarts do..
Lanterns, tin globe, with candle, oil, and kerosene burners do. .
Match-safes, Japanned iron, self-closing, medium size do..
Pails, water, heavy tin, returned, 10 quarts do..
Pails, water, heavy tin, returned, 14 quarts do...
Pans, 1 quart, full size, deep pudding, stamped tin, retinned do. . .
Pans, 2 quarts, full size, deep padding, stamped tin, retinned do. . .
Pans dish, 12 quarts, full size, IX stamped tin, retinned do. . .
Pans, dish, 18 quarts, full size, IX stamped tin, retinned do. . .
a Awarded to Carlisle School.
KETTLES, TINWARE, ETC., FOR INDIAN SERVICE.
advertisement of April 23, 1884, for goods for the Indian service— Continued,
awards were made on comparison of samples with which each bid was accompanied.]
443
£
=
1
GO
,
•H
1
1
5
1
^s
"1
1
I
I
1
$
W
H
g
,0
<1
(e
^
1
1
rf
W
1
ri
>»
ri
w
Points of delivery.
i
|
New York.
New York.
New York.
Philadelphia.
New York.
New York.
$14 40
$4 40
$4 75
2 66
56
49
$0 47
52 25
4 25
1 50
1 40
$1 75
2 00
2 62
2 25
2 50
3 74
2 75
$2 24
3 39
2 85
$2 81
3 20
3 98
4 89
2 98
4 00
4 16
3 35
4 42
2 69
2 50
50
420
35
4 62
48
40
55
38
48
72
40
75
90
85
95
2 00
55
60
2 72
90
95
24
50
23
21
pq?
23
21
234
23
23?
23
21
oof
23
21
°1
23
21
$1 45
1 60
85
1 30
2 95
3 85
3 25
4 4O
3 65
3 95
1 25
98
1 75
3 75
6 90
4 00
5 50
9 70
4 50
55
64
65
80
56
80
90
3 00
2 65
3 40
3 59
3 50
8 50
3 75
3 00
4 86
4 95
3 95
4 10
6 Awarded to Carlisle and Hampton Schoole.
444 PROPOSALS RECEIVED AND CONTRACTS AWARDED FOR
Abstract of proposals received and contracts awarded in Neiv York City, under
[NOTE.— Figures in black type denote the rates at which contracts have been awarded ;
Class 15— Continued.
BRASS AND IRON KETTLES, TIN, TINWABB, ETC.— Continued.
Pans, dust, japanned
Pans, fry, No. 4, full size, wrought iron, polished do... 500
Pans, tin, 2 quarts, full size, stamped tin, retinned do. . . 90
Pans, tin, 4 quarts, full size, stamped tin, retinned do. . . 140
Pans, tin, 6 quarts, full size, stamped tin, retinned do... 230
Plates, stamped tin, 9-inch, baking, deep, jelly do. . . 230
Plates, stamped tin, 9-inch, dinner do... 900
Plates, stamped tin, 9-inch, pie do... 120
Punches, tinner's, hollow, |-inch do. . .
Punches, tinner's, hollow, g-inch do. . .
Scoops, grocer's hand, No. 20 do.
Scoops, grocer's, hand, No. 40 do. .. 5
Shears, tinner's, bench, No. 4, Wilcox's
Shears, tinner's, hand, No. 7 *
Shears, tinner's, hand, No. 9 3
Solder pounds.. 300
Soldering-irons, No. 3, 1J pounds each pairs.. 8
Spoons, table, tinned iron dozen.. 1, 000
Spoons, tea, tinned iron do... 900
Teapots, planished tin, 3 pints, round do... 1
Teapots, planished tin, 4 pints, round do... 10
Tin, sheet, 10 x 14 inches, 1C, charcoal boxes.. 25
Tin, sheet, 14x20 inches, 1C, charcoal do... 20
Tin, sheet, 10x14 inches, IX, charcoal do... 30
Tin, sheet, 14 x 20 inches, IX, charcoal do... 50
Tin, sheet, 14 x 60 inches, hotter, IX , do... 1
Wash-basins, stamped tin, flat bottom, retinned, 11 inches do. . . 200
Zinc, sheet, 36 x 84 inches, No. 9 pounds.. 3,000
Additional for Carlisle school.
Tin, sheet, IX, 12x24 inches boxes.. 8
Tin, block pounds.. 250
Bucket ears, No. 2 gross.. 10
Bucket ears, No. 3 do... 10
Bucket ears, No. 4 do... 20
Bucket ears, No. 5 do... 30
Bucket ears, No. 6 do. . . 25
Bucketwoods ...do... 20
a To be furnished by Carlisle School.
KETTLES, TINWARE, ETC., FOR INDIAN SERVICE.
445
advertisement of April 23, 1884, for goods for the Indian service — Continued,
awards were made on comparison of samples with which each bid was accompanied.]
(
j
jj
'ea ^
,
}
i
o
jj
5
£ £
$
3
6°
W
£
M
H 4
^
^
4
I
W
W | rf
6
W
fj
Points of delivery.
o
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
Kansas City.
New York.
f
SO 8O
$0 76
1 4O
1 41
$1 45
$1 42
65
50
1 55
68
55
80
58
76
70
60
1 20
95
1 20
84
96
1 00
92
1 62
1 30
95
33
33
1 31
1 18
35
24
23
27
24
23
27
3 5O
3 45
2 9O
2 75
1 8O
1 70
2 45
3 98
4 00
2 OO
2 00
1 24
1 20
12
121
$0 12i
14
76
70
22
$0 19
$0 15
19
2O
$1 40
26
35
10
15
08i
08
09
16
11
21
20
11
1 92
m
08
08i
Hi
2 25
2 2O
2 60
6 5O
5 75
6 00
16 25
6 5O
5 75
6 00
1A» 25
8 25
7 00
7 50
68 OO
8 25
7 00
7 50
&8 OO
32 5O
20 00
Ml
&28 OO
85
80
80
O6
055
08T7n
QC7
9 65
8 50
8 70
4
8 5O
23
22
2O
26
25
25
35
30
3O
43
39
35
54
44
45
64
58
65
33
40
50
& Awarded for requirements of Carlisle School.
446 PROPOSALS RECEIVED AND CONTRACTS AWARDED FOR
Abstracts of proposals received and contracts awarded in New York City, under
[NOTE.— Figures in large type denote the rates at which contracts have been awarded ;
Class 16.
STOVES, HOLLOW-WABE, PIPB, ETC.
Caldrons, iron, plain, kettle, 20 gallons 2
Caldron, iron, plain, kettle, 40 gallons 1
Caldron, iron, plain, kettle, 90 gallons 1
Caldron, iron, portable, with furnace, 20 gallons 1
Caldrons, iron, portable, with furnace, 40 gallons 4
Caldron, iron, portable, with furnace, 90 gallons 1
Elbows, stove-pipe, 5-inch, 4 pieces, No. 26 iron 8
Elbows, stove-pipe, 6-inch, 4 pieces, No. 26 iron 400
Elbows, stove-pipe, 7-inch, 4 pieces, No. 26 iron 100
Ovens, Dutch, cast-iron, deep pattern, 10 -inch, diameter 400
Ovens, Dutch, cast-iron, deep pattern, 12 inch 100
Pipe, stove, 5-in., No. 26 iron, cut, punched, and formed to shape, not riveted., joints. . 701
Pipe, stove, 6-inch do 5, 000 I
Pipe, stove, 7- inch do 700 I
Polish, stove gross.. 20
Stoves, box, heating, wood, 24 inches long
Stoves, box, heating, wood, 27 inches long 150
Stoves, box, heating, wood, 32 inches long 90
Stoves, box, heating, wood, 37 inches long 35
Stoves, cooking, coal, 8-i nch, with iron and tin furniture, complete * 10
Stoves, cooking, coal, 9-inch*
Stoves, cooking, wood, 6-inch* 5
Stoves, cooking, wood, 7-inch* 250
Stoves, cooking, wood, 8-inch* 310
Stoves, cooking, wood, 9-inch *
Stoves, heating, coal, 14-inch cylinder 5
Stoves, heating, coal, 16-inch cylinder 5
Stoves, heating, wood, sheet iron, 32-inch 10
a Awarded to Carlisle school.
* NOTE.— Furniture for 8-inch cook-stove to consist of the following, viz : liron pot and cover; 1 iron
21 x 11 x 13 inches, iron drop-handles, riveted; 1 coffee-boiler, 6-quart, flat copper bottom j 1 tin tea
stamped each 1£ and 3-quart; 2 iron dripping pans, 12 x 16-inch, seamless. Furniture for other sizes
which must tit vho pipe-collar, and the other a 6-inch pipe.
STOVES, HOLLOW-WARE, ETC., FOR INDIAN SERVICE. 447
advertisement of April 23, 1884, for goods for the Indian service— Continued,
awards were made on comparison of samples with which each bid was accompanied. 1
i
4
•
0
(T
pri
i
I
1
W
2
I
U
0
W
i
P*
. 1
•4
^
M
otf
3
4
g
rf
H
<j
Points of delivery.
i
(&)
(&)
(6)
M
1
1
Baltimore.
i
i
*o *50
$3 O5
$3 00
$2 60
5 50
5 00
3 15
10 AA
8 4O
8 50
13 75
9 50
9 00
9 25
01 nn
14 5O
16 50
17 00
<>fi >CA
31 50
34 00
in
9
i j
10
13
12
.n
44
47
$0 50
ftft
60
54
65
70
114
11
72
13A
13
14
13rk
15
17
17*
q 00
2 85
5 40
$4 25
2 50
5 00
4 2O
4 75
5 75
6 00
5 7O
6 00
«1O
5 75
6 75
8 OO
8 50
8 OO
9 00
20 00
$2O OO
13 75
15 25
23 00
16 50
14 00
2O •»<>
21 00
17 25
19 50
12 50
17 50
22 00
10 25
24 00
12 25
12 25
13 50
16 00
9 25
12 50
15 75
13 00
15 75
14 25
11 50
17 00
17 00
16 50
19 5O
15 00
19 00
19 5O
15 25
21 00
21 00
19 00
17 50
20 00
21 5O
19 25
11 50
20 00
19 75
22 00
18 75
22 75
8 OO
13 00
11 00
13 OO
12 00
16 00
13 OO
13 25
b Delivered at any point named in specification.
kettle and cover; 1 iron spider ; 1 tin steamer and cover; 1 wash boiler and cover, flat copper bottom,
kettle, copper bottom, 8-inch; 1 tin water dipper, 2-quart; 2 square tin pans, 8J x 12; 1 round pan,
of cook-stoves to be in proportion. Each stove must be accompanied by a joint of pipe, one end of
448
PROPOSALS RECEIVED AND CONTRACTS AWARDED
Abstract of proposals received and contracts awarded in New York City, -under
[NOTE.— Figures in large type denote the rates at which contracts have been awarded;
Class 17.
HARDWARE.
1
5
i
Robert Murray.
"o
M
^|
I9
1
Points of
delivery.
§r
1
i
Chicago or
St. Paul.
Adzes, cast steel, house-carpenter's, square head dozen. .
Anvils, wrought iron steel face 100 pounds . - per pound..
1
2
2
1
11-19
i
»
$11 6O
Anvils wrought iron steel face 140 pounds ...do.. .
Anvil wrought iron steel face 200 pounds do
Augers, J-inch, cast steel cut with nut dozen..
" 2
20
20
15
13
1
1
1
1
2
240
100
100
600
2
130
400
10
3
2
5
2
4
2
2
220
225
25
175
100
S1
41
it
1-6
1-6
1-12
1-13
43§!i
33
54
SSli
2J
315i
531
6
»&
131
3A
1
2
100
100
5O
140
Augers 1-inch cast steel cut with nut do
Augers 1^-inch cast steel cut with nut do....
Au°"6T's 2-inch cast steel cut with nut do .-.
Augers cast steel hollow' ^-inch do
Augers cast steel hollow §-inch . do....
Augors, cast steel, hollow 1-incb do....
Awls cast steel saddler's assorted regular . . . do .
Awls, cast steel, shoemaker's, peg, assorted, regular do
Axes assorted 3J to 4J pounds Yankee pattern do
6 2O $6 80
C 30
5 80
13 75
3 9O 5 00
Axes, cast steel, broad, 12-inch cut, sin gel bevel do
Axes cast steel hunter's handled do....
Babbit metal medium quality pounds
Bellows, blacksmith's, 36-incb standard
Bells cow wrought large dozen.
Bells cow wrought small . do
Bells hand No 6 polished do
Bells, school, with fixtures for hanging ; bell to weigh 240 to 260 Ibs . . . .
Bells, school, with fixtures for hanging ; bell to weigh 300 to 350 Ibs
Bells, school, with fixtures for hanging; bell to weigh 400 to 425 Ibs
Beltin<^ leather 2-inch . . . feet
Belting leather 3-inch do
Belting leather 3£-inch do...
Beltino- leather 4-inch do...
Belting leather 6-inch do
20
50
FOR HARDWARE FOR INDIAN SERVICE.
449
advertisement of April 23, 1834, for goods for the Indian service— Continued,
awards were made on comparison of samples with which each bid was accompanied.]
o
a
<D
0
o
S. H. Crane.
H. T. Wakeman
Horace B. Clafli
1
O
^
K. A. Robbing.
1
W
h5
4
4
James B. Olivet
H
fe
0
Kelley, Maus &
H. C. Wells.
Sandusky T o
Company.
l
George T. Lane
Points of delivery.
Chicago.
New York.
1
ft
New York.
New York
or Chicago.
New York.
1
£
a.
ft
Chicago.
New York.
Chicago.
New York.
New York
or Chicago.
New York.
$12 25
$1° 78
$12 00
$12 00
$10 00
O9a
10
09i
$0 9A
08|
O9§
10
09A
08J
09|
10
09A
08i
2 10
2 00
$2 00
1 78
3 70
3 66
3 60
3 O8
4 55
4 36
4 25
3 73
5 50
5 39
5 25
4 54
7 75
7 58
7 30
6 48
8 35
8 35
8 25
8 00
9 75
9 80
9 60
8 30
11 15
11 00
11 00
10 60
11 15
11 00
11 00
10 60
17 00
16 37
alO
11
00 7
fiV"
09
a$0 07
O9
09
08J
«04
a03
O9
08
082
«06a
071
a07
&6 82
6 20
el 5 75
16 00
17 00
12 75
4 25
3 80
4 75
4 00
3 50
O7
4 10
07
07
$0 061
06i
9 00
8 25
8 1O
10 00
9 40
9 OO
3 24
4 00
2 97
2 82
1 83
3 60
3 30
] 50
1 45
1 57
2 95
3 00
2 35
1 23
2 67
dl4 40
13 90
$17 4O
12 75
/IS 00
21 75
21 9O
eOl
19 50
027 00
?6 75
32 9O
eOt
2t 00
10
$0 121
10}
10
$0 101
16
161
18
08
19
19
22
Ifil
19}
12
16ft
22
221
27
14
21
19ft
29
284
32
21^
17
22ft
281
35
341
40
32J
22
32
28ft
341
32£
26
I
a For patent handle.
&" Blood's;" weight, 51 pounds per dozen, boxed,
c" Blood's;" weight, 120 pounds per dozen, boxed.
d Weight complete, 390 pounds.
c Per pound.
/Weight complete, 465 pounds.
0 Weight complete, 710 pounds.
4266 IND 29
450
PROPOSALS RECEIVED AND CONTRACTS AWARDED
Abstract of proposals rcceirtd and contracts awarded in New York <'iti/f under
[NOTE. — Figures in large type denote the rates at which contracts have been awarded;
Class 17— Continued.
HABDWAEE— continued .
Quantity offered.
Quantity awarded.
Robert Murray.
ti
cc >
Points of delivery.
Chicago.
i
B
3
0
Belting, leather, 7-inch feet
20
20
20
20
150
20
20
120
20
150
50
20
20
100
7
5
6
5
5
3
15
600
1,250
1,575
1,300
900
500
450
200
450
900
1,100
2,500
2,000
2.000
9O
10O
43
SO
$0 40
47
70
9
12
12
17
19
26
25
35
11
15
15
20
22
30
30
40
39
52
47
65
57
75
1 15
1 25
1 35
1 75
2 15
3 10
38
32
99
33
34
37
38
39
40
42
54
38
62
70
79
Belting leather 8-inch do
Bel tin"1 leather 12-inch do
Belting rubber 3-ply 3-inch do
Belting, rubber, 3 ply, 4-inch do. . .
Belting rubber 3-ply 6-inch do . .
Belting, rubber 3-ply 8-inch . . dd"
Belting rubber 4-ply 3-inch do
Belting, rubber, 4-ply, 4-inch do. . .
4O
Belting, rubber 4-ply 6-inch .... ... do
Belting rubber 4-ply 8-inch do
Belting rubber 4-ply 10-inch do
12O
too
Belting, rubber, 4-ply, 12-inch do. .
Beltinor rubber 4-ply 14-inch . do
Bits, auger, c. s., i-inch dozen . .
Bits, auger, c. s., § inch do
10*
Hfi
9*
S|
Bft
«H
14i*
1,150
2,325
2,650
2,150
2,000
900
875
675
550
1,850
1,700
3,175
3,100
2,575
Bits, auger, c. s., ^-inch do ..
Bits, auger, c. s.,|-inch do. . .
Bits au^er c s. f-inch . do
Bits auger c s 1-inch do
Bits, gimlet, double cut, assorted, & to g inch do . . .
Bolts, carriage, £ x 1 per 100 . .
Bolts, carriage, J s 1 J do
$0 35
35
.'{7
38
40
41
43
44
45
59
63
68
77
85
Bolts, carringe, £ x 2 do ..
Bolts carriage, J x 2£ do
Bolts, carriage, J "x: 3 . . . do
Bolts, carriage, 3 x 3J do ..
Bolts carriage £ x 4 do
Bolts, carriage, ^ x 4£ do . .
Bolts, carriage £ x 5 do
Bolts, carriage, § x 2 do . -
Bolts, carriage, % x 2J do .-
Bolts, carriage % x 3 do
Bolts, carriage, f x 4 .... .do
Bolts, carriage, * x 5 ... ... do ...
HARDWARE FOR INDIAN SERVICE.
451
advertisement of April 23, 1884, for goods for Hie Indian sen-ice— Continued,
awards were niaoie on comparison of samples with which each bid was accompanied.]
«
^
I
0
§
.
3
1
1
cS
B
1
l
ti
|
1
%
Q
PQ
ri
^
us '
1
H
tS
w
W
^
rf
«!
0
N
Points of delivery.
Now York.
New York.
New York.
New York
or Chicago.
New York.
New York.
New York.
Q
$0 41
$0 48
$O 4O£
$0 38
$0 404
47
58
30
43
46J5
72
80
43
35
66
104
114
8*
52
704
13
15
104
15&
20
22
164
27
40
24
3lT67t
13
14
11
14
16
20
134
18J>
24
29
24
34
37
294
378
46
48
52
57
47
584
61
65
564
69A
1 03
$1 00
$1 O2
1 22
1 03
1 12
1 1O
1 22
1 20
1 25
1 19
1 30
1 55
1 624
1 53
-
1 70
2 00
2 00
1 86
2 05
2 80
2 80
3t)0
65
557
39
2
341
40
341
42
SI
44
37
46
38?
47
49
41A
51
42f
66
44 1
70
57
76
87
654
97
74
97
824
452
PROPOSALS RECEIVED AND CONTRACTS AWARDED
Abstract of proposals received and contracts awarded in New York City, under advertisement
of April 23, 1884, for goods for the Indian service — Continued.
— Figures in large type denote the rate at which contracts have been awarded r awards were
made on comparison of samples, with which each bid was accompanied.]
. Class 17— Continued.
HARDWARE— continued.
Quantity offered.
Quantity awarded.
1
i*
i
03
O
ft*
s>
l|
w
03
I,
W
%
i
Points of delivery.
1
|
3
o
13
0
I
1
Bolt
Bolt
in
Bolt
Bolt
pe
Bolt
;
j
•
•
-
l
T
"
1
-
1
1
1
;
:
•
T
T
'
•
9, carriage:
1 by 6 per 100..
^by7... ...do...
1,200
1,100
600
600
900
500
1,200
600
600
700
700
600
I
1
150
300
250
150
250
400
400
350
120
300
400
300
1 200
2,425
875
675
600
1,375
800
1,175
400
1,250
850
225
1,100
?
150
100
25O
10O
400
15O
200
150
25
125
625
1,100
1,20O
1,150
825
175
200
50
2OO
25
125
250
175
525
50
570
5O
47O
145
410
50
50
5O
100
5O
25
75
5O
25
$0 94
1 04
1 11
1 20
1 33
1 49
1 64
1 78
1 93
2 22
2 37
2 50
$O 87
95
O3
: 11
25
39
52
65
: 80
2 06
2 20
2 33
1 08
2 35
$1 05
1 10
1 28
1 37
1 48
1 70
1 88
2 00
2 20
2 55
2.70
2 90
1 00
2 25
1 72
70
70
70
73
76
76
82
90
84
84
85
85
90
95
1 00
1 00
1 20
1 25
1 30
85
85
90
1 00
1 10
1 15
1 15
1 18
1 20
1 30
1 30
1 40
1 45
1 50
1 55
1 60
1 38
1 37
1 50
1 60
1 67
1 82
1 97
1 55
1 62
1 70
$91£
31f
46
74»
2 nf
2 3H
2 45|
by 8 . do
by 9 do
by 4 do
by 5 . ...... . do . .
by 6 do
by 7 do
by 8 ... . ... do
by 10 do
by 11 do
by 12 ... . ...do ...
3, door, wrought-iron barrel, 5-
per doz
$1 O5
240
i ro
3, door, 8-in do .
9, shutter, wrought-iron, 10-in,
r dozen . .
3, square head and nut:
by 1 per 100
66
66
70
73
75
78
80
83
78
78
81
85
89
92
96
1 00
1 03
1 07
1 10
88
88
93
97
1 02
1 07
1 12
1 17
1 22
1 27
1 32
1 37
1 42
1 47
1 52
1 57
1 34
1 41
1 48
1 56
1 63
1 78
1 93
1 51
1 58
1 60
70
70
72
75
77
80
82
85
80
80
83
87
91
95
98
1 02
1 06
1 10
1 13
95
95
95
00
05
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
65
37
45
52
60
67
82
97
55
62
70
63
63
65.1
S3
72*
722
72
75
78|
82;
85:
88
92
95
99
1 02
72
8Ji
03£
°8i
17'
aii
26
30£
.1
44*
: 24j
37 2
44
51
64
78
1 39£
146
1 53
by 1 4 do . . .
t by 2 do
t by 2 j . do
[ by 3 . . do ...
t by 3 J do
t by 4 do
t by 4J do
5jr bv 1* do
fs by 2 do
6s by ^i do
6t$ by 3 do
700
1,100
400
450
300
600
50
50
200
200
300
150
400
50
150
25
250
80
80
60
40
100
450
280
380
400
280
450
250
210
580
300
-5H by 4 do
s bv 4i do .
s by 6 do
by f do
> by 1 do
} by 2 do
! by 2i do
> bv 3 do
by 3£ do
by 4J do
by 5 do
by 5 j do
by 6 do
by 6 j do
by 7£ do
by 8 . do
bv 8i do
7g by 3 do
rsby 3£ do —
fc by 4 j do
& by 5 .do
/R b v 6 do . .
5O
50
15O
15O
50
?e by 7 do
L by 31 do
i by 4 do
FOR HARDWARE FOR INDIAN SERVICE.
453
Abstract of proposals received and contracts awarded in New York City, under advertisement
of April 23, 1884, for goods for the Indian service — Continued.
[NOTE. — Figures in large type denote the rates at which contracts have been awarded ; awards were
made On comparison of samples with which each bid was accompanied. |
Class 17— Continued.
HABDW ABE— continued.
Quantity offered.
Quantity awarded.
Robert Murray.
1
5
w
02
H. T. Wakeman.
<3
O
pq
W
R. A. Bobbins.
J. H. Woodhouse.
1
1
•
Kelly, Maus & Co.
Points of delivery.
1
Chicago.
1
I
New York.
Now York.
New York.
New York.
|
Bolts, square head and nut :
4 by 5 per 100.
400
180
600
350
420
580
120
350
150
350
1,200
150
1,300
900
200
100
100
200
100
150
75
350
50
200
125
100
225
2OO
370
620
220
1,270
720
150
100
100
100
$1 73
1 81
1 88
2 02
2 17
2 32
3 10
3 3.')
26
28
30
30
32
34
36
45
49
52
56
$177
1 8")
1 92
2 07
2 22
2 37
3 17
3 42
. 21
23
25
28
30
31
39
41
46
51
56
8
14
24 00
5 15
55O
12 00
9 00
16 00
21
22
40
5 40
7 92
10 80
$1 72
174
1 90
2 00
2 20
2 30
3 12
3 40
18
20
15
18
16
20
22
24
26
29
31
7
144
$160
1664
173
1 87
200
214
286
308
27
27
284
30
31
41
44
47
50
4by54 do..
4by6 do..
4by7 do..
4by8 do..
4 by 9 do
I
gby8 do..
Bolts, tire:
ft by 14 do.,
ft by If. do..
ft by2 do..
iby!4 do..
| by 2 do .
iby24 do..
J by 3 do
ftby2 do..
T5n bv 21 do
ft by 3 do . .
ft by 3J do
Bolts, window, spring ..doz.
Borax, refined pounds .
55
300
5
3
1
20
20
6
4
6
4
33
528
$0 74
15 8*
Borers, hub
Braces, iron, grip, 10-in.. doz.
Braces, iron, ratchet, 10-in.,
dozen
"'24'
2
53
I
5 00
8 50
22
22
36
4 38
4 56
9 89
5 65
1368
Brass, sheet, Nos. 14 to 18,
pounds .
Brass, sheet. No. 22 pounds.
Brushes, marking doz .
$0 40
490
5 00
740
7 50
9 40
900
325
3 40
1 15
96
190
148
1 40
274
2 90
1040
11 00
$030
5 00
7 00
9 00
3 00
1 13
1 50
2 25
4 00
3 00
4 00
2 25
,80
3 50
4 50
7 50
15 00
12 00
Brushes, paint, all bristles :
No. J doz
No. 3 . . . do
No g .
No.2 do..
Brushes, scrub, 6-row, 10-in.,
dozen ....
3
30
30
15
G
10
69|
' 631
•A
3 42
142
1 39
1 42
2 34
9 89
10
10
90
10
65
75
90
50
2 75
8 80
6 60
$140
1 67
1 90
1424
Brushes shoe . . . doz
Brushes, stove, 5-row, 10-in.,
dozen
Brushes, varnish, all bristles,
Mo. 3 . doz
Brushes, whitewash, all
454
PROPOSALS KECEIVED AND CONTRACTS AWARDED
Abstract of proposals received and contracts awarded in New York City, under advertisement
of March 15, 1884, for goods for the Indian service— Continued.
[NOTE. — Figures in large type denote the rates at which contracts have been awarded; awards were
made on comparison of samples with which each bid was accompanied.]
Class 17— Continued.
HARDWARE— continued.
Quantity offered.
1
i
•43
or
w
02
H. T. "Wakeman.
E. A. Eobbins.
•J. H. "Woodhouse.
Ijj
Kelley, Maus & Co.
Eobert Murray.
Points of delivery.
0
New York.
New York.
'
New York.
New York.
Chicago.
Chicago.
Butts, brass:
li-in narrow doz
5
5
6
45
15
18
35
1
1
17, 000
2
18
50
600
700
7
25
50
2
53
20
6
26
CO
20
3
1
2
2
3
2
3
3
3
2
[.
16
1O
304
25
$0 20
31
48
50
47
$0 21
34
46
44
52
$017
27
43
4O
47
44
51
57
63
125
175
2-in., narrow do..
24-in., narrow do. .
Butts, door:
2 by 3 in., loose pin,
24by3 do..
3by3 do..
3 by 34 do..
Calipers, inside and outside,
26
21
35
7-12
7-12
17,OOO
50O
3OO
450
23
25
82
1
33
82
27
52
72 7
II
51
53
59
2 40
2 40
o 054
65
45
O44
O5J
t4 95
05
4 50
45
12
06
02
12
15
1 40
7 75
- 1 90
1 90
2 15
2 65
2 90
3 15
3 40
3 90
54
70
$180
2 15
Calipers, inside and outside,
8 inches doz
Caps, percussion, water-proof
in tin boxes of one hun-
dred per 100
005
62
30
$0 62*
45
Cards cattle doz
Catches, iron, cupboard.. do..
Chain, cable:
Short links, 4-in . , . .per Ib .
Short links Vvin do
0 33
05 *
05
Short links & in do
Chains:
Log, 4-inch, short links,
with swivel, ordinary
hook and grab-hook do..
Log'g-inch do..
Surveyor's, 66 feet, iron,
witli brass handles
Trace, No. 2, 64 feet, 10
Chalk, carpenter's :
12
07
02J
08i
Eed do
White do..
15
$0 12
11
124
Chalk- lines, medium size. doz.
Chisels:
Cold, oct., % by 6 in. . .doz
Socket, corner, 1-in, han-
dled do
14
19
1 38
7 85
1 95
1 95
2 18
2 43
2 90
3 15
3 40
3 85
tPe
7 15
1 75
Chisels, socket, firmer :
I-inch do..
4-inch do.,
f-inch do..
1-inch do.,
li-inch do..
14-inch do. .
1 75
2 00
2 42
2 05
2 90
3 10
3 50
r 100 pounds.
FOR HARDWARE FOR INDIAN SERVICE.
455
Abstract of proposals received and contracts awarded in New York City, under advertisement
of April 23, 1884, for goods for the Indian service — Continued.
rNOTE. — Figures in large type denote the rates at which contracts have been awarded; awards were
made on comparison of samples with which each bid was accompanied.]
Class 17— Continued.
HARDWARE— continued.
Quantity offered.
Quantity awarded.
S. H. Crane.
H. T. Wakeman.
E. A. Bobbins.
J. H. Woodhouse.
A. Flagler.
Kelley.Maus&Co.
sJ
8?
H
ti
W
Points of delivery.
1
o
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
Chicago.
Philadelphia.
Chisels, c. s., socket, framing :
1
1
1
6,000
1
3
1
10
8
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
5
8
8
9L
*H
1 j5
f
%
»&
10,200
J?
3-3
4
SOA
3
5-6
3-3
ii
1-3
3-3
5|
38|
18i
31
$2 90
2 90
2 90
3 37
3 85
4 35
4 85
5 75
5 00
13 00
27
1 40
1 90
2 50
4
1 20
2 60
3 40
27 00
3400
1300
4 SO
70
116
98
333
1 86
463
$2 90
2 90
2 90
3 30
3 80
4 35
4 85
5 85
5 00
$365
3 65
3 65
3 10
3 50
4 OO
4 40
5 30
5 20
11 OO
l-iuch do . .
1
ji. inch do
li-inch do
2-inch do
Clamps, carpenter's, iron, to
$438
Cleavers, butcher's, 10 in. do..
Clothes-lines, galvanized wire,
in lengths of 100 feet
Compasses:
Carpenter's, 6-in doz .
Carpenter's, 8-in do. .
Pocket, 2-in., brass case,
25
1 50
2 18
335
$022^
1 35
1 85
Crowbars, steel-pointed, as-
sorted sizes per Ib .
Curry-combs, tinned iron, 8
04
1 10
2 70
3 25
27 00
27 00
15 00
11 50
6 00
5O
$093
99
1 15
1 33
3 40
3 35
Dividers:
8 in. long, wing do..
10 in. long, wing do..
Drills :
Blacksmith's do . .
$3 75
5 00
33 3O
28 20
Hand, light, for metal . do . .
Faucets :
Brass, racking, |-inch,
4 75
Wood, cork-lined, No.
2 doz
Files:
Flat, bastard, 8-inch . .do . .
Flat, bastard, 12-inch . do . .
Flat bastard. 16-inch. do. .
1 20
243
4 81
1 56
3 13
6 24
456
PROPOSALS RECEIVED AND CONTRACTS AWARDED
Abstract of proposals received and contracts awarded in New York City, under advertisement
of April 23, 1884, for goods for t)ie Indian service— Continued.
[NOTE.— Figures in large type denote the rates at winch contracts have been awarded; awards were
made on comparison of samples with which each bid was accompanied.]
Class 17— Continued.
HARD WAKE— continued .
Quantity offered.
Quantity awarded.
0
W
OJ
H. T. Wakeman.
H.B.Claflm.
1
<T. H. Woodbouse.
|S
<£>
1
m
«
Kelley, Mans & Co.
J. N. Williams.
Points of delivery.
!
13
o
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
6
tc
|
0
rW '
^ S
ll
*3
Files, flat, wood:
12- inch doz .
3
4
8
3
6
8
2
7
30
20
20
C
7
4
3
2
2
25
7
30
20
20
25
20
45
3J!
12*
«H
2
1O
4£
9k
24*
ss*
31
9i
2£
3J
li
1U
21
17
55*
51|
62*
65*
16*
$2 32
3 32
2 62
1 26
1 00
1 SO
1 44
2 50
2 00
74
59
1 O6
86
1 52
1 22
2 14
3 16
74
57
1 06
86
1 52
1 22
2 14
1 72
3 O6
2 41
2 14
1 72
42
42
48
40
54
44
64
52
86
70
80
1 00
1 40
1 80
08
10
12
14
16
03
O3
03
O3
2 00
$2 41
3 40
$3 13
4 40
14-inch do..
Files, gunsmith's, assorted,
'
Files, *-round, bastard :
8-inch doz
1 30
1 87
2 56
76
1 10
1 57
2 21
3 16
76
1 10
1 70
2 43
3 55
1 00
1 43
2 05
2 89
4 13
1 00
1 43
10-inch do . .
12-inch do. .
Files, mill saw, 6-inch do . .
8-inch do . .
10-inch .. . .do
12-inch do..
14-inch do
Files, round, bastard, 6-inch,
dozen
8-inch doz
10-inch do..
12-inch do
1 57
2 21
3 16
2 21
43
44
50
56
67
90
2 05
2 89
4 13
14-inch do.
Files, square, bastard, 12-inch,
Files, taper, saw, 3-inch . .doz .
3*-inch do..
4-inch do
2 89
57
57
65
73
86
1 10
4*-iuch do..
5-inch do
Fish-hooks, ringed, assorted,
Nos 1 & $ £ M
$0 80
1 00
1 06
1 65
10
$065
75
1 12*
1 50
07
07
11
13
10
Fish-lines, cotton, assorted
sizes doz
Flat-irons:
5 ponnds per lb., pairs.
6 pounds do..
7 pounds do..
8 pounds do. .
Gates, molasses. 2. iron. . .doz.
10
20
20
15
3
76
61
131
74
3 A,
$0 02-^
02i85
02T85
02&
$0 03
03
03
03
1 95
175
FOR HARDWARE FOR INDIAN SERVICE.
457
Abstract of proposals received and contracts awarded in New York City, under advertisement
of April 23, 1884, for goods for the Indian service — Continued.
[NOTE.— Figures in large type denote the rates at which contracts have been awarded ; awards were
made on comparison of samples with which each bid was accompanied.]
Class 17— Continued.
HABDWARE— continued.
Quantity offered.
Quantity awarded.
W
OQ
H. T. Wakeman.
H. B. Claflin.
J. H. "Woodhouse.
A. Flagler.
Sandusky Tool Co.
Points of delivery.
Chicago.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
Gauges:
Marking doz..
Mortise, screw-slide . . do . .
Saddler's do
1
1
1
1
10
12
170
12
1
1
1
1
1
140
20
25
1
1
12
1
2.
1
2
5-12
1
33
30|
270
24
li
»A
*i
2
2
272
I
2
$045
4 50
24 00
4 50
$0 40
4 50
2200
4 25
14
33
16
38
3 65
4 58
5 20
5 30
7 00
$0 38
4 40
$035
4 75
Slitting.withhandle. .do. .
Gimlets, metal heads:
Nail, assorted, large . .do. .
Spike, assorted, large do . .
Glue, carpenter's, medium
3 75
16
33
14
15
20
36
3 90
4 60
5 25
5 50
6 25
01
01
01
01
Glue-pots No 1 tinned
Gouges, c. s., §-inch socket,
3 9O
4 55
J-inch socket, firmer,
tj-inch socket, firmer,
5 25
5 5O
6 2O
f-inch socket, firmer,
1-inch socket, firmer,
Grindstones, weighing—
75 pounds do. .
100 pounds do..
125 pounds do..
250 pounds do..
500 pounds . . . do .
Olj
01*
34
Grindstone fixtures, 17 inches,
improved patent cap, extra
80
3
Gun hammers, forged, unfin-
35
5 5O
Gun locks, left hand do..
458
PROPOSALS RECEIVED AND CONTRACTS AWARDED
Abstract of proposals received and contracts awarded in New York City, under
[NOTE. — Figures in large type denote the rates at which contracts have been awarded ;
Class 17— Continued.
HABDW ARE— continued.
Quantity offered.
Quantity awarded.
Kobert Murray.
EdwardA.Bolmes.
Points of delivery.
Chicago.
|
O
Gun locks right-hand . dozen
3
2
2
1
20
30
2
1
2
1
1
1
5
6
1
3
1
1
5
1
1
1
100
100
4
90
10
5
4
5
15
15
20
20
15
3
3
5
1
600
600
400
900
800
1 400
3
6
2
40
38|
2ft
9
1-3
3-4
13
8
4
5
2
6
1O
J*
55
5
106/2
23
1
*
11
3
13 J
3
G un sights front German silver, unfinished do ....
back, iron, clover-leaf pattern, unfinished ... do
Gun triggers malleable unfinished ... do
Gun tubes assorted sizes, c.s do ....
Hammers, claw, solid c. s., adze eye, forged, No. 1£ do
farrier's shoeing c s ... do
$4 25
3 25
3 25
18 00
18 00
farrier's turning 3 Ibs .....do.
riveting solid c s 1-inch . do
riveting solid c. s.| IJ-inch do
shoemaker's c s No. 1 do.
2 65
13
sledge, blacksmith's, solid c. s., 2 Ibs
sledge blacksmith's solid c. s. 4 Ibs . ........
i
lOiff
10T8(5
10™
10T8g
10T80
fledge blacksmith's solid c. s. 10 Ibs
sledge blacksmith's solid c s 12 Ibs
stone solid c. s. size 8 Ibs
tack, 'upholsterer's pattern dozen. .
Hatchets c.s. broad 6-inch cut, handled do
$695
3 85
8 50
4 20
c. s. shingling, No. 2 do ....
extra heavy strap and T 10-inch do
heavy strap 10-inch do
heavy strap 12-inch do .
light strap 8-inch .. . do
li°'ht strap 12-inch do
light' strap'and T 6-inch . .do
light strap and T 10-inch do
200
965
275
675
500
1 485
i by 1J inches ... . .do
^ by If inches do
400
200
200
600
150
20
50
50
600
500
900
700
800
875
250
335
520
190
2O
120
200
.215
835
] ,950
700
755
£ by 3J inches . .... do
-^ by 2 inches do
1% by 3 inches ... .... .. do
-fa by 3^ inches do
Iron flat-bar J by ^ inch do
£ by f inch . .... .. .. do
by li iuches do
by 1£ inches do
FOR HARDWARE FOR INDIAN SERVICE.
459
advertisement of April 23, 1884, for goods for the Indian service— Continued
awards were made on comparison of samples with which each bid was accompanied.]
|
a
(H
5
.
i
d
1
1
i
J
i
1
1
§
1
1
do
EH
_£j
B
o
fe
C3
^
ri
H
M
w
K
i
4
ri
W
*
-i
M
^
Points of delivery.
1
New York.
New York.
New York.
I
0
fc
0
1
New York.
$5 5O
1O
1O
O6
$0 30
3O
5 00
5 90
$3 30
$3 95
3 00
4 65
3 55
4 25
4 30
2 8O
$2 70
20 00
10 00
18 5O
21 00
3 15
2 23
2 85
3 45
$3 25
3 85
2 57
3 GO
3 90
4 00
5 00
2 80
4 65
4 35
4 25
3 00
2 9O
30
25
2iT6ff
.
60
43
21 1%
72
39
14
96
78
131
1 20
1 Ol
134
1 44
1 19
13J
90
58
1 44
92
2 16
1 4O
1 75
1 00
15
134
15
14
8 75
$8 00
8 00
7 00
$6 40
3 60
3 30
3 40
3 75
3 95
3 00
4 40
1 7O
% 85
3 75
1 75
2 7O
3 5O
58
75
1 20
3 25
47
58
78
2 9O
2 85
2 3O
2 55
2 3O
2 55
2 2O
2 35
2 20
2 35
2 2O
2 35
2 2O
2 15
2 20
2 15
2 3O
2 55
2 2O
2 35
2 2O
2 15
2 2O
2 15
2 2O
2 15
2 5O
2 75
2 85
2 45
2 35
2 15
2 15
2 1O
2 15
2 OO
2 05
460
PROPOSALS RECEIVED AND CONTRACTS AWARDED
Abstract of proposals received and contracts awarded in Neiv TorJc City, under advertisement
of April 23, 1884, for goods for the Indian service— Continued.
[NOTE.— Figures in large type denote the rates at which contracts have been awarded ; awards were
made on comparison of samples with which each bid was accompanied. ]
Class 17— Continued.
HAKDWAEB— continued.
Quantity offered.
Quantity awarded.
c
w
03
Kelley.Maus&Co.
Point of delivery.
Chicago.
3
0
Iron, Plat-bar i
i bv 13- pounds
300
200
100
50
200
200
100
350
50
115
20O
$2 OO
2 00
2 00
2 00
2 00
2 00
2 00
2 00
3 25
3 25
2 50
2 10
1 95
85
85
85
85
85
5O
5O
85
85
85
85
: 85
85
4 5O
4 5O
3 35
3 05
3 05
2 55
2 55
2 55
2 55
3 1O
2 75
2 55
2 5O
2 50
5*
3i
425
400
2 65
2 45
$2 05
2 05
2 05
2 05
2 05
2 05
2 05
2 05
2 95
2 85
2 85
2 15
1 95
1 85
1 85
1 85
1 85
1 85
2 85
2 05
1 85
1 85
1 85
1 85
1 85
1 85
1 by 21 . do
£by4 do
5 by 2 dO
T53by 2J do...
B bv 2£ do -
50
50
50
50
350
700
1,200
1,000
1,000
400
150
150
100
800
3,100
800
600
300
150
100
200
200
200
270
330
50
400
50
125
150
100
75
75
100
500
700
400
700
400
50
250
50
6OO
90
100
200
1,250
1,250
550
1,050
25
915
1OO
100
1,400
5,660
900
250
375
200
550
200
400
300
260
345
400
360
200
5O
50
1OO
110
100
15O
500
1.050
1,OOO
97O
1,225
_s bv 3i do
a. bv i do
i bv 4 do
Iby § do
by 1 • .... do
by 1J do.
by li do
by 2 - . do
bv2t ...do
§ by 3 do...
i bv 3i ..do
i bv 1 . .do
i by 1 do
JL bv 1^ do
£ by 2 do.
$ bv 2J do
4 bv 1? do
|by2 . do...
f by 2^ do
Iron, Half-round :
J-inch - do
tinch ,do...
4 85
3 35
3 05
3 05
2 55
2 55
2 55
2 55
2 95
2 35
2 05
2 85
2 85
inch do
2-inch do
1^-inch do...
1^-inch . do
Iron, Juniata:
TVbv2 ...do...
i by 2 do
I by 2 do...
ibvi ...do...
1 by 1 do
sheet' 28 inches No 25 do
Iron, Norway:
g by 1 do...
4 75
3 75
Iron, 4-oval:
i by 4 • do
ibv* ....do...
37O
3 05
FOR HARDWARE FOR INDIAN SERVICE.
61
Abstract of proposals received and contracts awarded in New York City, under advertisement
of April 23, 1884, for goods for the Indian service— Continued.
[NOTE.— Figures in large type denote the rates at which contracts have been awarded ; awards were
made on comparison of samples with which each bid was accompanied.]
Class 17— Continued.
HAKDWARE— continued.
Quantity offered.
Quantity awarded.
S. H. Crane.
Kelley,Maus&Co.
N. & G. Taylor Co.
Points of delivery.
!
o
!
2
o
|
2
OH
Iron, oval, J to 1, assorted pounds..
400
1,000
1,500
3,000
1,500
3,500
1,400
3,000
3,500
2,000
2.000
800
75
300
300
75
72O
1,275
2,020
3,670
1,425
4,225
1,910
3,625
2,500
2,750
1,675
200
50
65O
200
$3 00
2 75
2 60
2 40
2 20
2 20
2 OO
2 00
1 90
1 90
1 85
1 85
1 85
03
03
03|
034
03£
03T1,
03r*0
2 75
2 40
2 20
200
1 90
1 85
1 85
1 85
5$
4 80
4 80
4 80
4 00
3 90
3 80
3 8O
$2 45
2 85
2 65
2 45
2 25
2 25
2 05
2 05
1 95
1 95
1 85
1 85
1 85
Iron, round:
i-inch do
•j5s-inch do
|-inch do
iVinch • do
£-inch .. do
!9g-inch do
§-inch do
J-inch do
^-incb. ........ • do
1 -inch do
14-inch do
li-inch .. .. do
Iron, sheet:
•jJg inch thick . . . do
$ inch thick do
T3sinch thick do ...
No. 16 do
200
120
120
200
800
300
2,500
140
180
500
1,000
1, 200
500
200
300
50
50
100
400
800
200
500
20
100
200
200
250
02|
03i
03*
03|
$0 02|
03i
03J
No. 20 do
No. 22 do
No.24 .. do
(Stovepipe No. 24) do
(Stovepipe No. 25) do
300
2,000
100
325
875
805
900
700
150
400
35O
100
325
395
595
625
570
75
(Stovepipe No. 26) do
Iron, square:
i-inch . do
2 85
2 45
2 25
2 05
1 95
1 85
1 85
1 85
§-inch do
i-inch do
§-inch . do
1-inch do
1-inch . " do
IJ-inch do
— ;
IJ-inch do
Iron, Swede:
£ by J do
1 by | do
£ by 1 do
ibyj do
§byl do
4 75
3 75
3 75
3 75
gbyli do
$ by 2 do
Jby2J . do
462
PROPOSALS RECEIVED AND CONTRACTS AWARDED
Abstract of proposal* received and contracts awarded in New York City, under
[NOTE. — Figures in large type denote the rates at which contracts have been awarded;
Class 17— Continued.
HARDWAKE— continued.
«
Quantity offered.
Quantity awarded.
Robert Murray.
Edward A. Bol-
mes.
Points of delivery.
N. T.
Chicago.
Iron, tire:
T'K by li Bounds
700
120
180
1 800
2,1*O
200
150
T75 by 1$ do
/g by If . . do
$ by 1J . do...
i by 1J do
500
50
450
50
13, 000
300
40
25
5
4
2
200
1
575
200
£by2J ' do..
f by 1J do
§by2 do
Knives and forks per pair
1O,313
•
Knives :
Carving and forks cocoa handles per pair
431f
1O6
""si"
l«i
9i
3fc
Chopping i dozen
$0 90
Drawing 10-inch c s carpenter's do
Hunting 6-inch ebony handle with bolster do
i4n
y 12
2
90
1
60
60
6
4
40
15
10
10
4
30
3
*H
Skinnin0" 6-inch cocoa handle without bolster do
60i
2-3
89
30
u
Latches thumb liO<T°'en pattern do
Locks cupboard 3J-inch iron bolt dead 2 keys dozen
Locks,' mineral knob :
Kim, 4 inches iron bolt 2 keys do
Rim 4J inches iron bolt 2 keys do
39
Rim 5 inches iron bolt 2 keys do
36
18|
%
43i
10*
Locks, pad, iron or brass, 3-tumbler, 2 keys each, assorted com-
binations on each shipping order dozen
$8 50
8 00
7 75
6 30
Mainsprings for gun-locks. . . . . .do.
FOR HARDWARE FOR INDIAN SERVICE.
advertisement of April 23. 1884, for good* for the Indian sen-ice — Continued,
awards were made on comparison of samples with which each bid was accompanied.]
1
*
i
d
1
o
j
4
00
p
ej
£
i
i
5
1
|
f
i
^
w
a
1
EH
ri
M
w
*
u
S
o
^o
Points of delivery.
Chicago.
If. T.
tf. T.
N. T.
N. T.
N. T.
Chicago.
N. T.
tf . T.
Chicago.
a$9 15
$2 15
al 85
5 85
1 85
al 85
1 85
al 85
1 85
064
$0 06
$O O5T6n
08*
80
$006$
83
Hi
12i
80
$0 06
80
07?
Ill
20
«ft
06
600
608
612
621
606J
606*
80
$0 06
3
80
$0 06
1 05
1 00
47
1 00
1 04
1 50
52i
45
to
1 60
c5O '
85
25
82
49
57
76
55
d55
<Z65
1 20
35
50
$0 50
fil
75
11 'ft
5 00
5 10
5 00
60
1 25
4 48
• 55
6 00
5 50
5 50
4 70
4 9O
3 95
3 25
3 25
5 15
3 10
27<;
1 49
65
1 50
2 10
1 60
1 87
2 50
669
Ifljx
1 69
15 00
13 OO
75
80
1 15
1 15
104
1 90
1<5'»
1 35
3 00
1 20
1 95
1 50
61 20
62 00
270
30
28
97
06
O5
1 33
1 95
1 80
1 4O
2 35
2 15
2 33
2 20
9 91
3 35
3 60
3 OO
6 95
6 00
4 5O
8 85
7 35
5 75
2 33
9 3O
4 sr
6 00
2 09
4 83
4 37
2 75
7 00
1 90
2 21
2 44
2 56
3 00
4 80
a Or flat har.
6 Delivered at Chicago.
e Delivered also at Chicago.
4f>4
PROPOSALS RECEIVED AND CONTRACTS AWARDED
Abstract of proposals received and contracts awarded in New York City, under
[NOTE.— Figures in large type denote the rates at which contracts have been awarded ;
Class 17— Continued.
HARDWARE— continued.
Quantity offered.
Quantity awarded.
Kobert Murray.
Edward A. Bolmes.
Points of delivery.
1
3
3
Q
Mallets carpenter's, hickory . .. dozen
3
40
300
1,300
3,000
10, 000
14, 000
5,000
13, 000
3,000
3,000
500
3,000
5,000
1,500
400
1,000
700
900
700
1,200
200
4,000
1,200
1,800
50
10
150
440
330
350
120
60
Si
57H
6OO
51O
1,10O
1,770
2,700
4,400
61,000
14000
9,500
5,700
600
3,900
3,300
1 5,20O
500
6,150
500
3,950
200
1,300
3,950
1,800
4,800
3,000
1,800
800
260
1,OOO
395
1,000
945
1,215
1,065
1,10O
1,900
600
2,825
6,1OO
980
1,850
1,075
2,350
85
35
175
300
360
350
195
85
$7 00
Nails :
casing, 6d pounds
casing 8d do
3 65
6d cut do
3 4O
"« 90
8d, cut do..
lOd, cut . . do
2 65
2 4O
12d cut .. do
I
20d, cut do..
2 4O
30d, cut do..
2 4O
40d, cut . ..... do
2 4O
60d cut do
2 4O
fence 8d do
2 40
fence, lOd do..
2 65
fence 12d . .... do
2 40
finishing 6d .. do .
2 40
finishing 8d do
4 15
3 90
15/J5
14i6<j
14
horseshoe No 7 do
horseshoe, No. 8 . do..
lath 3d do
ox-shoe, No. 5 ...... .. . ....do..
3 9O
1?T4*
shin fie 4d do
wrought, 6d do . .
3 15
wrought, 8d ........... .. do . .
4 15
Nuts, iron, square :
for J-inch bolt do
4 15
12
09
06|
03T%
08ft
02T«7
02TS5
02*
for ^-inch bolt ..do .
for g-inch bolt ... . do..
for J-inch bolt do
for T%-inch bolt . do..
for J-inch bolt do
for 5-inch bolt . ......do .
for 1-inch bolt do
FOR HARDWARE FOR INDIAN SERVICE.
465
advertisement of April 23, 1884, for goods for the Indian service — Continued,
awards were made on comparison of samples with which each bid was accompanied.]
|
r
O o
J
•
0
,g
c3
00
P
fe
^
*O
*s
i
<o
1
1
1
1
|
I
1
00
1
g
£j
Q
Q
0
F
P3
^
-g
1
t^
§
s
W
W
W
W
EH
<j
W
5
02
a
1
s
ai
O2
02
02
ri
rf
5
0
M
02
0
Points of delivery.
13
o
Kansas City.
Saint Paul.
Sioux City.
New York.
j
13
0
New York.
New York.
1
New York
or Chicago.
|
$2 00
$2 00
£ I 75
*i 25
$6 OO
640
6 20
5 95
$6 25
$5 70
3 74
3 99
$4 04
$4 09
3 771
$3 75
3 49
3 74
3 79
3 84
3 524
3 50
2 99
3 24
3 29
3 34
3 02*
3 00
2 74
2 99
3 04
3 09
2 77*
2 75
2 49
2 79
2 84
2 524
2 50
<j 74
2 49
2 74
2 79
2 84
2 524
2 50
2 49
2 74
2 79
2 84
2 524
2 50
2 49
2 74
2 79
2 84
2 524
2 50
2 49
3 74
2 79
2 84
2 524
2 50
2 49
2 74
2 79
2 84
2 524
2 50
2 74
2 99
3 04
3 09
2 774
2 75
2 49
2 74
2 79
2 84
2 524
2 50
2 49
2 74
2 79
2 84
2 524
2 50
4 24
4 49
4 54
4 59
4 274
4 25
3 99
4 24
4 29
4 34
4 024
4 00
16J
$0 13
184
$O 14
15
13
17
12
14
12
16
n
3 99
4 24
4 29
4 34
4 024
4 00
°0
15
224
16
3 24
3 49
3 54
3 59
3 27£
3 25
4 24
4 49
4 54
4 59
4 25
4 24
4 49
4 54
4 59
4 25
11
O9
09
07
04J
04^
1
03A
os|
03$
4266 IND 30
466
PROPOSALS RECEIVED AND CONTRACTS AWARDED
Abstract of proposals received and contracts awarded in New York City, under advertisement
of April 23, 1884, for goods for the Indian service — Continued.
[NOTE.— Figures in large type denote the rates at which contracts have been awarded ; awards were
made on comparison of samples with which each bid was accompanied.]
Class 17— Continued.
HARDWARE — continued.
\
0
I
Quantity awarded.
B. A. Bobbins.
1
w
0(5
H. T. Wakeman.
Albert Flagler.
d
1
M
W
J. H. Woodhouse.
Sandusky Tool Co.
N.&Gr. Taylor Co.
Points of delivery.
Chicago.
Chicago.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York
or Chicago.
Philadelphia.
Oakum ponnds .
170
85
37
*B
145
13O
80
70
335
914
*&
it
173
150
900
733
$108
55
63
2 68
$0 08
55
2 70
Oilers, zinc, medium size,
dozen
$054
33O
$057
50
Oil stones, Washita . . .dozen.
Packing :
Hemp .. pounds.
3
100
BO
60
40
220
40
110
40
1
1
110
24')
430
1-"i
$O1O
18
15
15
15
13*
Bubber, 4- inch do. .
Rubber -f^-inch do . .
Bubber, £-inch do..
Yarn (cotton waste) do..
Paper, emery (assorted) a
11
19
14
30
15
25
24 00
73
O4
04£
06
O9
13
15
05J
0°5l
05f
5?
72
72
72
69
1 05
99
99
4 40
48
48
56
63
3 OO
3 00
900
Sand (assorted) & . quires -
Pencils, carpenter's - . .dozen.
Picks, mill, solid cast-steel,
2 pounds . dozen
21
$017
20
1300
75
S44
07
09
12
V
§1
05|
1 00
63
63
63
73
1 30
1 15
1 15
3 83
50
50
58
75
2 95
3 00
7 00
Pinking-irons, 1-inch do.
Pipe, iron :
£-inch feet.
75
03f
06*
08J
HI
f-inch do..
1-inch do
IJ-inch do..
if-inch do..
2-inch do..
ir.D
200
20
50
353
15O
Pipe, lead :
J-inch per pound
$0 4&
4i%
f-inch do . .
200
"(I
300
IJ-inch do..
1 4-inch do
ft
Planes, fore, double-iron, c. s.
Planes hollow and round :
1-inch pairs
BO
3
4
5
50
15
!>
5
4
1
1
(J
40
1
1
1
64
1O
9
7
147
69
9
4
4
.!
i!
94
68f
68f
68f
iS*
1
3 06
46
46
3
$085
65
65
80
60
95
90
90
4 80
3 80
44
44
50
55
:
life-inch do..
Planes :
Jack, double-iron, c. s . . .
Jointer, double-iron, c. s .
Match, f-inch pairs.
Match 1-inch do
...
Plow, beech-wood, screw-
arm, full set of irons, c. s
Skew-rabbet, 4/inch
Skew-rabbet, 1-inch
Skew-rabbet, IJ-inch
Smooth, double-iron, c.s.
Pliers:
Flafcnose, 7-inch ..dozen.
• Bound-nose, 7-inch.. do..
Side-cutting, 7-inch .do. .
.V
a Also offered by Kelly, Maus & Co. at 30 cents.
& Also offered by Kelly, Maus & Co. at 17 cents.
FOR HARDWARE FOR INDIAN SERVICE.
467
Abstract of proposals received and contracts awarded in New York City, under advertise
ment of April 23, 1884, for goods for the Indian service — Continued.
[NOTE.— Figures in large type denote the rates at which contracts have been awarded ; awards were
made on comparison of samples with which each bid was accompanied.]
Class 17— Continued.
HARDWARE— continued.
"(
Quantity offered.
Quantity awarded.
Robert Murray.
c
0
w
cc
H. T. Wakeman.
Albert Flagler.
Kelley,Maus&Co.
R. A. Robbins.
N.& G.Taylor Co.
Points of delivery.
New York.
i
§
1
New York.
New York.
!
.
1
New York
or Chicago.
Philadelphia,
Punches, c. s., belt, to .drive,
assorted, Nos. 2, 3, 4, 5, and
6 doz
6
1
1
1
1,200
10
11
5
1
4
4
300
1
1
20
60
80
40
30
5
6
15
30
8
35
6
25
20
90
100
150
120
130
130
100
10
10
25
20
800
1,800
1.200
700
800
6*
5-12
1*
2,025
8T2
8*
5-6
373
2*
Si1*
51
65
92
70
46
16
8
18
11
4O
9
9
6
9
60
7
125
170
99
111
83
67
20
9
25
1,425
2,220
"885"
640"
1,135
$0 80
$0 80
9 20
11 00
4 00
02
4 05
5 76
3 00
4 23
3 24
4 55
02
3 00
3 00
26
26
1
26
15
15
15
15
15
1O
10
1O
10
07
07
06
06
06
06
06
06
O6
16
19
$0 85
9 00
11 00
3 25
$075
8 50
9 00
3 OO
Punches, conductor's, assorted
shapes of holes doz..
Punches, rotary spring, 4 tubes
Punches, spring, harness, as-
sorted, 6, 7, and 8 tubes .doz.
Rasps, horse, 14-inch doz.
Rasps, horse, IG-inch ..... do .
Rasps, wood, flat, 12-inch. .do .
Rasps, wood, flat, 14-inch, .do .
Rasps, wood, ha^f-round, 12-
3 60
5 15
2 66
3 76
2 88
4 04
03
3 60
2 95
26*
26^
14
14
14
14
14
12
12
12
12
08
' 08
08
08
09
09
00
09
09
20
20
3 63
5 28
2 79
3 95
3 00
4 20
$5 85
8 32
3 59
5 25
3 89
5 35
Rasps, wood, half-round, 14-
inch doz..
Rivet-sets, Xo. 2 doz. .
Rivet-sets, No. 3 do . .
Rivets and burs, copper:
inch No 8 Ibs
2 75
2 63
221
11!
22*
-inch do
-inch do
-inch do . .
Rivets and burs, iron :
i-inch, No. 8, flat -head. Ibs..
f-incli *. do.-
Eivets, iron :
§-inch, No. 8, flat-head. Ibs . .
"
.
1-inch do
Jl. x 2-inch do
06*
06!
05*
...
i x 2-inch do . .
i x 9*-inch do
O5*'
i-\:!|-inch do..
O5*
*
i x 6-inch do . .
| to 3-inch do..
Rivets, tinned iron, 12-oz., in
packages of 1 000 M
...j..
18
$011J
13i
Rivets, tinned 'iron, 16-oz., in
packaf es of 1 000 M
21
Rope, manila :
§-inch Ibs
11
l\\
11*
113
ill
11*
*-inch do
|-iuch do.,
f -inch „ do . .
13A7o
18#o
468
PROPOSALS RECEIVED AND CONTRACTS AWARDED
Abstract of proposals received and contracts awarded in New York City, under
[NOTE.— Figures in large type denote the rates at which contracts have been awarded;
Class 17— Continued.
HAEDW ABB— continued.
Quantity offered.
Quantity awarded.
g
0
W
02
H. T. Wakeman.
Points of de-
livery.
Cbicago.
N.r.
Rules, boxwood, 2-foot, four-fold dozen..
Saw-blades butcher's bow 20-inch do
2
1
1
2
2
1
1.2
1
1
S
i"
7-12
14T',
1
$1 00
1 25
4 00
13 5O
120
7 70
1200
3 50
85
85
1 50
1 50
3 75
3 75
5 25
5 25
6 25
6 25
8 00
8 00
10 50
10 50
72 50
72 50
1 95
5 60
6 70
14 40
5 60
6 70
14 40
Saw-sets lever for hand-saws ..... . do
Saws back (or tenon) 12-inch do....
$8 40
1 00
3 25
85
£5
1 50
1 50
3 75
3 75
5 25
5 25
6 25
6 25
8 00
8 00
10 50
10 50
72 50
72 50
1 75
9 00
9 00
Saws bracket . • do
Saws, buck, framed, complete, 30-inch blade do
Saw, circular:
1
1
20-inch cross-cut -. -. .-• .........
1
20-incli rip
1
3
24-inch rip
1
1
26-inch rip . .
1
30-inch cross-cut
1
1
34-inch cross-cut ....
I
1
60-inch cross-cut .......
1
1
1
60-inch, rip
Saws:
Cross-cut 7 feet tangs riveted on
40
10
104
Hand 26-inch 6 to 8 points to the inch . . dozen
Hand 26-inch, 7 to 9 points to the inch do
12
Hand 26-inch 8 to 10 points to the inch do
3
»9£
5 60
6 70
14 40
1 98
12 50
8 48
16 92
9 00
2 75
11 00
10 25
Key-hole 12-inch compass . .... do
2
1
3
31
*«
Meat, butcher's bow, 20 inches do . .
Kip 28 inches do
Scales :
Butcher's, dial-face, spring-balance, round dish, 30 pounds, by
3
44
Counter, 62 pounds
7
1
1
2
2
1
1
5
1
4
3
9
Hay and cattle' 6 tons platform 8 by 14 feet
Letter, 34-ounce.
Platform counter 240 pounds
Platform 1 500 pounds drop lever on wheels
Platform 2 000- pounds drop lever on wheels
1
1
3
Spring balance 24 pounds heavy with hook
Scissors, lady's, 6-inch, c. s., full size, good quality dozen. .
t
300
2 i9>5
1 79
2 49
1 95
FOR HARDWARE FOR INDIAN SERVICE.
469
advertisement of April 23, 1884, for goods for the Indian service— Continued,
awards •were made on comparison of samples with which each bid was accompanied.]
X
i
'
s'
1
W. Wright.
A. Tuttle.
S
.
1
•
1
i
w
N
|
|
|
5
i
H.
PQ
•^
j3
j§
p2
p
M
e=
^
<1
p$
£
3
^
^
§
W
1
d
Points of delivery.
N.Y.
Chicago.
X. T.
N. Y.
IT. T.
Chicago.
Chicago,
St. Paul,
or
Omaha.
N. T.
N. Y.
N. Y.
$1 12
3 35
$3 00
3 25
3 00
1 15
7 OO
8 00
11 00
$3 00
3 50
3 OO
5 50
85
4 50
6 88
81
85
81
1 50
1 34
1 50
1 34
3 75
3 55
3 75
3 55
5 25
4 95
6 25
4 95
6 25
5 90
6 25
5 90
8 00
7 50
8 00
7 50
10 50
9 90
10 50
9 90
68 88
68 88
68 88
68 88
1 68
1 72
1 54
5 00
G 00
6 00
7 25
6 60
7 00
8 50
1O OO
8 00
13 50
2 75
2 5O
11 40
11 25
9 00
8 00
11 5O
$2 40
6 00
84 SO
60 00
39 OO
75 00
49 OO
3 00
2 1O
6 75
4 95
23 50
15 95
29 00
15 90
37 00
28 5O
25
$3 75
1 95
$3 00
$2 25
$3 13
$3 20
3 45
2 88
2 20
2 20
4 70
3 25
1 98
5 00
3 00
2 76
4 75
4 95
2 85
2 31
470 PROPOSALS RECEIVED AND CONTRACTS AWARDED
Abstract of proposals received and contracts awarded in New York City, under
NOTE.— Figures in large type denote the rates at which contracts have been awarded ;
CLASS 17— Continued.
HARDWARE — continued.
>>
Quantity awarded.
|
1
I
Points of
delivery.
New
York.
Screw-drivers :
3
3
2
20
12
40
30
70
75
120
120
100
50
40
7
7
7
140
1
80
4,500
4,000
3,500
2,000
1,000
600
100
900
1,100
400
300
300
150
150
125
12
1
18
1
2
1
3*
3i
3*
20
23
45
54
1O1
143
219
173
110
51
62
32
11
11
168^
§*
43|
3,850
3,350
2,3.10
2,150
1,550
450
50
550
600
250
$1 35
1 75
2 30
8-inch blade
do
10-inch blade ,.
... do ...
Screws wroti^ht-iron bench IJ-inch
Screws! wood', iron : '
*-inch, Nos. 4 and 5
gross
05
05*
06
<MH
O7j
08*
09*
iSt
12|
15
iSf
33
2<U
28
31*
33|
37|
37
41*
53*
67
§-inch, Nos. 5 and 6
do
f -inch Nos. 7 and 8 ...
do
£-inch Nos. 8 and 9
do
1-inch Nos 9 and 10
do
li-inch, Nos. 10 and 11
....do....
l*-inch, Nos.llandl2 ^
. . do .
1 |-inch, Nos. 12 and 13
do
2-inch Nos. 13 and 14 .....
do
2i-inch Nos 14 and 15
do .
2*-inch Nos 14 and 15
do
3-inch, Nos. 16 and 18
....do....
Scythe-stones x-
. dozen.
Shears sheep .... ....
...do
Shears, 8-inch, c. s., trimmer's straight, full size, good quality .
....do....
Shoes, horse :
No.l
pounds
No. 2
. do ..
No 3
do
No 4
....do ...
No 5
do
No. 6
do .
No 7
do
Shoes, mule :
No. 2
...do ..
No. 3
do
No. 4
.. do ...
No 6
do
Shoes, ox . . . ... .
do
2,075
150
250
200
S
3i
13
»]
5-d
Shot:
No. 4, in 5-pound bags
. do ..
No. 5, in 5-pound bags
....do....
No. 6 in 5-pound bags
do
Sieves, iron-wire, in nests, 18-mesh, tin frames
. .dozen
Spirit-levels with plumb 30-inch
do
Springs, door spiral
do
Squares :
Bevel slidin^ T 10-inch
do
Framing, uteel, 2 inches wide
..do
Panel 15-inch
do
FOR HARDWARE FOR INDIAN SERVICE.
471
advertisement of April 23, 1884, for goods for tlie Indian service — Continued,
awards were made on comparison of samples with which each bid was accompanied.]
03
1
1
33
a
I
1
s
"&c
a
4
•jj
0
1
5
I
|
EH
f
E
1
H
J
£
ri
H
pq
<i
w
|
1
^
a
8
dd
w
H ri
^
i
^
d
M
Points of delivery.
Chicago,
St. Paul, 01
Omaha.
Chicago.
New
York.
New
York.
New
York.
New
York.
New
York.
New
York.
New
York.
Chicago.
$1 95
$1 35
I
$1 25
1 7O
1 80
1 70
2 16
2 25
2 55
4O
38
4 40
28
24
05
05
$4 75
05*
C6i
06
06
5 46
5 94
$0 6*
07
07
• 08
6 65
7 84
07*
09J
io|
09.
10
8 79
9 9g
10
H£
13
11
12
10 98
12 35
12*
14
13
18
13 30
15 94
15J
21J
19
23
17 34
20 67
20
23}
26
24
24
22 57
24 70
26
29^
31i
29
31
28 27
29 69
31*
35*
37*
35
37
33 25
35 87
38
42
41
42
42
39 90
38 95
45*
46i
• 59i
4G
58
43 94
56 29
50
74
35
96
70 30
72
30
9 OO
34
$8 50
4 75
2 63
2 61
$1 75
$5 00
$4 56
4 19
2 52
3 50
2 40
3 75
3 42
3 89
3 50
4 50
5 00
2 65
-
6 18
2 79
4 67
478
4 07
622
6 50
3 90
3 75
3 89
3 90
3 75
3 89
3 90
3 75
3 89
3 90
3 75
3 89
3 90
3 75
3 89
3 90
3 75
3 89
3 90
4 75
4 89
4 90
4 75
4 89
4 90
4 75
4 89
4 90
4 75
4 89
4 90
12
a9 50
O7
O7
07 !
.. J.
1 60
5 67
10 00
60
5 50
60
2 66
2 75
9 51
11 12
5 65
5 OO
a Malleable iron.
472
PROPOSALS RECEIVED AND CONTRACTS AWARDED
Abstract of proposals received and contracts awarded in New York City, under
[NOTE.— Figures in large type denote the rates at which contracts have been awarded;
Class 17— Continued.
HARDWARE— continued.
Squares, try:
4i-inch dozen.
7J-inch do...
10-inch do...
Staples, wrought-iron, 3 inches long do. . .
Steel, cast, bar:
£ x^inch pounds
i x J inch do...
f x 3 inches do. . .
| x 4 inches do. . .
|x 1 inch do...
Steel, cast, octagon:
pinch? - do...
J-iuch do...
J-inch do . . .
| -inch do . . .
f-inch do...
1-inch.. do...
li-inch do. ..
li-inch do...
2-inch do...
2J-inch do...
Steel, cast, square:
: -inch do...
; -inch .-. do. ..
-, -inch do...
\ -inch do . . .
i -inch do...
: -inch do . . .
li-inch do...
l|-inch do . . .
2-inch do ..
24-inch do...
Steel, plow:
x 3 inches do...
x3J inches do...
x 4 inches do...
x 4^ inches do ..
x 5 inches do...
x 5i. inches do ..
x 6 inches do...
Stee
i x 1 inch do ..
i xljinch do...
i xl| inch do...
ix l|inch do ..
J x 2 inches do. . .
Steels, butcher's, 12-inch dozen
Swage-block, blacksmith's .100 pounds
Tacks:
Iron wire, brass heads, upholster's, size No. 43 per M.
Cut, 4-oz. , full half weight - papers .
Cut, 6-oz., full half weight do...
Cut, 8 oz., full half weight do. . .
Cut, 10-oz., full half weight do...
Cut, 12-oz., full half weight do ..
Tape measures, 75 feet, leather case dozen
Taps, taper, right-hand:
T%-inch, 26 threads to the inch.
|-inch, 18 threads to the inch.
^s-inch, 18 threads to the inch,
t-inch, 16 threads to the inch . . .
§ch, 16 threads to the inch . .
h, 14 threads to the inch. .
ch, 14 threads to the inch .
h, 12 threads to. the inch. .
h, 12 threads to the inch. .
1
E
Eichard a. Park.
1
S
1
Points of
delivery.
I
1
5
Chicago.
1
1
Is
1
1
60
35
50
50
50
50
120
50
80
70
180
260
150
50
50
50
5
1O5
20
25
155
5
75
19O
245
605
375
" 75 "
$0 11
09
09
09
09
09
09
09
09
09
09
50
10
50
30
4OO
11
09
50
50
50
300
125
50
75
95
115
310
2SO
160
7O
09
09
09
09
09
09
09
50
10
200
50
03£
50
03J
50
800
50
300
100
100
600
200
400
1
10
815
415
100
20
310
340
125
455
31
03i
03|
03i
03J
06
06
06
06
06
1
6
15
34
180
246
230
347
330
571
280
317
200
199
2
10
5
10
6
g
7
g
12
6
9
7
1O
Q
o
Q
y
4
9
FOR HARDWARE FOR INDIAN SERVICE.
473
advertisement of April 23, 1884, /or goods for the Indian service — Continued,
•wards were made on comparison of samples with which each bid was accompanied.]
|
^
I
1
Q
00
J
§
H
fS
ho
i
i
•a
^
1
(g
1
u
F
•g
^
•»
i>^
w
OJ
H
W
I
W
1
I
Points of delivery.
Chicago.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
Chicago.
$1 53
$1 5O
2 33
2 25
3 47
2 SO
07
O6
11
$0 12
11
11
O9
10
O9
10
O9
10
11
12
O9
10
O9
Ifr
O9
10
O9
10
O9
10
09
10
O9
10
09
10
09
11
11
12
09
10
O9
10
O9
10^
O9
10
O9
10
O9
10
O9
10
09
10
09
11
03J
04
03£
04
03J
04
03*
04
O3J
04
oa*
04
O3i
04
04
»3i
04
•3*
04
OS*
04
O3|
04
9 OO
$8 50
3 4O
3 50
64
60
57
03J
02f
SO O3
03
MA
C3i
08J
•3|
03 i
04|"
04
04
O3A
03|
05i
04J
Qtt
O3y%
°*T5
OG^
04J
04|
O4A
04/5
07T3,.
6 5O
6 28
$5 50
5 25
5 50
24
23
19
24
23
19
Ot
24
27
19
28
31
22
OC
32
31
2T»
32
39
2O
OQ
40
39
91
40
40
32
52
50
42
4*>
474
PROPOSALS EECEIVED AND CONTRACTS AWARDED
Abstract of proposals received and contracts awarded in New York City, under
[NOTE.— Figures in large type denote the rates at which contracts have been awarded;
Robert Mur-
ray.
Class 17— Continued.
HABDWARE— continued.
'i
i
i
Points
of de-
livery.
_>s
I
c«
J?
I
New York.
9
4
Tire- setter .. ......
1
«J
Tire-shriuker
1
<J
Toe-calks steel No 1
pounds
300
33O
Toe-calks steel No 2.
do
600
585
Toe-calks steel No 3
do
400
36O
Tongs blacksmith's 20 inches .
•pairs
20
19
do
20
Traps beaver No 4 "with chain .. .. .....
120
1O4
Traps mink No 1 with chain
150
Trowels brick lOJ-inch
dozen
4
220
4|
<t«5 OO
do
1
<ja
Tuyere (tweor) iron duck1 s-nest pattern
g
9
Valves, globe:
5
<j
1-inch .
20
3
0
2-inch . ...
1
per Ib
1
j_
Vises blacksmith's solid box 40 Ibs
<3o.
3
3
Vises carpenter's, parallel, 4-inch jaw
6
y
Vise gunsmith's parallel fliers 4-inch jaw
1
11
Washers, iron:
pounds
100
119
114
For YS. -inch bolt
do
90
66
091
do
140
155
07 **
For £-inch bolt
. do
230
27O
04$
For t-inch bolt
^ do..
150
321
04A
For 1-inch bolt
do
60
69
"Wedges wood-chopper's, steel point, 5 Ibs., per 1J)
dozen.
4
IN
"Wedges wood-chopper's steel point 6 Ibs per Ib
do
3
12i
Wed°'es wood-chopper's steel point, 7 Ibs., per Ib
do
2
r
Wire, annealed :
No 12 cause
pounds
400
iyo
do
50
10
No 16 gauge
do
330
31
........
No. 18 gauge f- -
do..
5
2O9
No 20 eauce
do
20
67
No °4 gauge ...
do .
10
2O
do
10
4O
Wire, brass:
do
10
1O
No 9 gauge . ..
do
10
No. 12 gauge
do..
10
34 i
No 14 gauge ......
do
5
No. 15 gauge
do..
10
Wire, bright:
Iron No. 3 gauge
.. do.
10
2O
do
75
395
Iron No. 8 gauge
do
400
7OO
do
300
31O
Iron No 11 gauge
do
10
do
250
375
Iron No 14 gau^e .......
.... do
250
20O
do
10
2O-
"Wire cloth for screens painted
square feet
4 000
11,1OO
Wire, copper:
pounds
3
2
do
5
do
15
1-2
No 18 gauge
.do..
5
do
10
4
jL-inoh
do..
5
^
FOR HARDWARE FOR INDIAN SERVICE.
advertisement of April 23, 1-664, for goods for the Indian service— Continued,
awards were made on comparison of samples with which each bid was accompanied.]
Edward A.
Bolmes.
03
o
W
oti
i
H'S
W
i Sp
lM ?k
W-S J^
^ q
|-
f
f!
I:
!fl
Points of delivery.
Chicago.
•
1
New York.
Now York.
New York.
i
Chicago.
New York.
Philadel-
phia.
$12 00
$11 50
$4 OO
14 5O
14 50
15 00
14 50
14 00
7 5O
$0 06
074
07i
SO O6
06
07i
07i
O6
06
07i
07J
O6
34
3O
35
16*
15
83
92
$0 60
15
47
14
i4i
16
$o isi
5 80
26
5 25
5 25
6 00
5 50
5 48
60
5O
43
40
33
78
68
6°
1 70
1 40
1 3O
2 55
2 50
2 00
1O
12
11
10
12
11
6 OO
5 85
6 OO
5 85
11
Uf
1O1;
09
09^
O6i
07
07
05
041
03i
04J
O4
03^
041
O4
O3g
04£
04
O3|
041
04
O3|-
04i
04
O4
$0 03^,
O4i
O3i
04\
06
05A
Otii
08
8A
16
151
33
22
23
'
22
22
O3«
034
QOl
O3A
03*
O3 «„
03i¥a
04
O4,*
041 '
0*ft
O4fW7n
O6
05A
O3i
02i
37
27
37
•*
28
39
37
476
PROPOSALS RECEIVED AND CONTRACTS AWARDED
Abstract of proposals received and contracts awarded in New York City, under
[NOTE.— Figures in large type denote the rates at which contracts have been awarded;
Class 17— Continued.
HARDWARE — continued.
Quantity offered.
Quantity awarded.
!•
6
O
W
Points of delivery.
N. Y.
Chicago.
W^ire, copper, J-inch ..pounds
5
200, 000
4,000
10
1
1
1
1
2
3
1
10
1,000
200
200
300
300
200
100
i
2
1
1
280
1
1
2
100
200
100
100
100
300
300
12
25
12
20
15
20
100
200
200
400
200
351,900
7,130
$0 27
a5 35
a5 38
a5 50
05
60
"Wire, fence, barbed, galvanized, to weigh not less than 16
ounces per rod; samples in one-rod lengths required,
pounds
"Wire-fence staples, steel, galvanized pounds. .
"Wire-fence stretcners
"Wrenches, crooked:
8-inch, malleable iron dozen
39
1-2
2
1*
i
10
1,000
200
300
300
300
300
100
1-3
1-6
1-6
1-2
2
1
1
28O
1
2
100
200
100
100
100
300
30O
O6
06
06
2 65
3 25
3 70
6 50
10-iuch malleable iron do
12-inch malleable iron . . do
"Wrenches, screw :
Black, 8-inch . do
Black, 10-inch . do ..
Black 12-inch do
Black, 15-inch do ...
Additional for Carlisle School.
Axles, iron, Ij-inch, lor 7-inch hub, 1 patent long bed. sets. .
Bolts, carriage :
J by li . . ....
Delivered
at Carlisle.
3 25
36
51 1
54
57
60
26
3O
60
3 60
2 60
6 30
1 06
1 44
1 98
20
90
90
44
2 80
2 65 :
5 40
540
5 40
3 O5
3 05
1C
10
20
27
34
11
03
04 ;
03 '
05 :
$0 35
50
53
56
59
28
33
B by 3
T5S by 3J
T% by 4
Bolts, tire, J by 1|
Bolts tire T% by 2J
Brushes :
Sash, No. 000 dozen . .
Varnish flat camel's-hair 2-inch do
Varnish, flat, 2-inch . do ...
Varnish all bristles 00 full size do
Butts, door :
4J by 4J loose pin acorn .-do
Chains', trace, 2£ feet, 9 links to the foot, j-inch wire, pairs. .
Hinges :
Extra heavy, strap and T, 6-inch dozen . .
Iron:
Band J by 4 pounds
Flat bar J bv 2J do
Norway -J by J do
Noi'way, J by 1 . do
4-oval & bv 4 do
^-oval, § by J . do . . .
09
Nails clout £-inch do
Nuts iron square ^-inch bolt ... do
35
1
3O
15
Eivets :
And burs copper §-inch No 8 do
Tinned iron, 24 oz. in packages of 1 000 M . .
Tinned-iron, 32-oz., in packages of 1,000 do . .
°9fo
Tacks, cut, 3-oz., full half' weight - papers . .
Wire :
Iron coppered No 8 gauge pounds
100
300
300
400
30O
Iron coppered No 9 gauge do
\ Bright iron No 16 gau^e do
aKausas City delivery, add 25 ; Omaha, 30 ; -Sioux
City, 35; Saint Paul, 20; Pierre, Dak., 45.
b Shipments in car lots. B:u Its 3 to 4 or 6 inches
apart. Terms of payment, net 30 days.
FOR HARDWARE FOR INDIAN SERVICE.
477
advertisement of April "23, 1884, for goods for the Indian service — Continued,
awards were made on comparison of samples with which each bid was accompanied.]
Albert Flag
ler.
B.
Jam
Oli
Points of delivery.
N.Y.
N. T. or
Phila.
KT.
N.T.
N.T.
Chi.
Chi.
Chi.
Chi.
Phila.
$550
£530
4 SO
4 80
$0 05i
§§
60
$005^
ftcd-$5 60
bef5 45
6e4 85
&/4 95
6d5 00
bc5 05
50
$005*
05J
1 00
50
1 00
$0 06
06
06
3 50
4 20
4 90
1
$2 48
9 95
3 45
5 9O
840
9 6O
3 25
62
62
65
68
71
30
35
4 00
4 00
4 00
2 50
1 04
1 28
1 95
$0 38
70
71
78
80
28
30
34£
48i
51
54
57
30
29
87
1 2O
1 65
21*
3O
50
6O
40
9 15
9 05
5 25
4 75
4 75
3 05
3 05
07
IS4
24
10
03
S3
04*
05
18
30
37
15
93
24
31
02H
sb'a'iS
31$
10
12
03J
%
05
05
03*
03*
03
04,%
c Delivered at Kansas City.
d Delivered at Sioux City.
e Delivered at Chicago.
f Delivered at Saint Louis.
478
PROPOSALS RECEIVED AND CONTRACTS AWARDED
Abstract of proposals received and contracts awarded in New York City, under advertisement
of April 23, 1884, for school books for the Indian service.
[NOTE.— Figures in large type denote the rates at which contracts have been awarded; awards were
made on comparison of samples which accompanied bids.]
SCHOOL BOOKS.
Quantity offered.
A. S. Barnes.
Geo. R. Lockwood
&Son.
J. H. Woodhouse.
S
f
d
1
_>a
3
5
Points of delivery.
N.T.
N.T.
N.T.
N.T.
35
i?
13
3
7
\
8
15
4
4
,*
41
i?
13
3
I
s*
8
15
8
8
1-2
$0 45
643
2 86
1 84
3 36
2 40
5 76
1 44
1 89
5 25
5 67
2 621
1 89
3 68
2 10
7 88
14 70
3 OO
2 31
2 621
5 75
1 58
2 621
7 14
1 89
3 36
1 89
3 36
6 30
2 31
7 20
7 20
$0 55
6 67
3 00
1 91
AKITHMKT1C8.
Appleton's Practical dozen
$6 69
2 98
1 91
$6 67
2 96
1 90
3 91
2 79
6 70
1 68
1 86
5 18
5 59
Appleton's Mental do
Appleton's Primary do..
Davies' Elements of "Written do..
Davies' First Lessons do . .
Davies' Practical do
Davies' Primary do..
Felter's First Lessons do . .
1 84
5 10
5 52
4 59
2 55
3 78
2 16
8 10
7 14
3 60
2 25
2 67
5 29
1 62
2 55
6 94
1 83
3 27
1 95
3 46
6 40
2 35
5 75
7 90
6 OO
9 93
1 87
5 20
5 62
3 12
Felter's Intermediate (new) do. .
Felter's Intermediate (old) do . .
Fish's New Series, No. I do. .
Fish's Primary do..
3 93
2 25
8 42
14 56
3 87
2 21
8 28
14 00
Franklin's Primary " ... do
Franklin's Written do..
French's No 4 with Key do
8
10
20
151
16
4
5
5
4
2
1
10
2
1
7
5
3
14
5
11
21
¥
1O
20
151
16
17!
5
5
2
10
2
Hagar's Primary Lessons in Numbers . -do. .
Ray's New Intellectual do..
2 29
2 65
5 31
1 59
2 60
7 07
1 87
3 33
2 48
2 79
5 58
1 67
2 64
7 20
1 90
3 38
2 01
3 57
7 90
2 46
6 25
8 25
Hay's New Primary . do .
Robinson's First Lessons do. .
Robinson's Practical do
Robinson's Progressive Primary do. .
Robinson's Rudiments do . .
Stoddard's Juvenile Mental . ..do..
Stoddarcl's Rudiments do
Thompson's Practical do.
6 24
2 34
White's Primary do.
CHARTS, LETTER AND READING.
Appleton's New Elementary Reading, by
Mrs Rickoff sets
Appleton's Reading Charts, with rack. .do.
Coltou's Wall Charts and Cards do
Complete School Charts, by Ivison, Blake-
10 50
90
4 371
394
4 371
2 621
7 00
7 00
3 15
10 80
McGuffey's do.
7
2
13
5
12
31
445
3 83
3 6O
2 90
1O 71
6 50
240
4 67
4 12
3 75
2 63
11 00
491
3 18
New American ' . . do.
Webb's with words do
Wilson &, Calkin's . do
CHARTS, MUSIC.
Mason's sets
7 20
2 35
CHARTS, WRITING.
FOR SCHOOL BOOKS FOR INDIAN SERVICE.
479
Abstract of proposals received and contracts awarded in New York City, under advertisement
of April 5i3, 1884, for school looks for the Indian service — Continued.
[NOTE. — Figures in large type denote the rates at which contracts have been awarded ; awards were
made on comparison of samples which accompanied bids.]
SCHOOL BOOKS— continued.
Quantity offered.
|
03
£
A. S. Barnes.
Geo.E.Lockwood
&Son.
J. H. Woodhouse.
|
£
0
Points of delivery.
N.T.
N.Y.
N.Y.
N.T.
DRAWING BOOKS.
22
3
1
53
3
$0 36|
2 00
$036
2 00
$0 37
$4 64
8O
3 50
1 84
2 79
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
1 67
For briger's Tablets dozen .
13
62
63
43
13
12
11
6
17
188
117
1
1
13
70
71
44
14
13
11
6
17
343
171
1 75
1 22A
122^
1 22T%
122^
1 22&
122^
122&
1 44
104
•10*
13 13
6 30
1O 71
5 41
5 46
5 25
11 55
13 12£
6 30
18 90
3 40
3 84
7 30
11 O4
6 30
8 40
5 77J
5 78
11 55
13 65
11 34
5 67
3 68
3 88
3 78
1 75
1 25
1 25
1 25
1 25
1 25
t 25
1 25
Kreuse's Easy Drawing Lessons, No. l..do..
Kreuse's Easy Drawing Lessons, No. 2.. do. .
Kreuse's Easy Drawing Lessons, No. 3. .do. .
30
: 30
30
: 3O
30
: 30
30
Kreuse's Synthetic No. 2 do. .
Kreuse's Synthetic, Xo. 4 do. .
Monteith's Map Drawing, 6x9 inches 24
DRAWING CARDS.
Smith's First Series sets
11
11
13 34
6 40
11 13
5 60
5 10
5 10
11 33
13 75
6 13
18 36
GEOGRAPHIES.
Colton's Common School dozen
Cornell's Intermediate, Wisconsin edition,
dozen
4
25
1
4
95
11 14
5 63
541
5 20
11 44
13 12
6 30
18 90
5 60
Guyot's Elementary do. .
Harper's Introductory do . .
Harper's School do . .
3
?
33t
S*
i&
18|
20
9
4
1
1
1
3
f
1-3
33J
?5*
1*
3S£
34
9
1-3
1-3
1
Mitchell's Intermediate . do
Mitchell's Primary do..
Mitchell's School and Atlas do . .
Monteith's No. 2, Introductory to Manual,
Monteith's No 3 Manual . . dozen
Scribners Geographical Eeader and Primer
(Guyot's Instruction revised) dozen .
Swint'on's Elementary ." . do .
6 O5
8 05
5 61
5 87
11 74
13 87
11 02
5 51
4 20
6 24
8 32
5 72
5 84
11 67
13 79
11 25
5 67
6 30
8 40
5 77
Swinton's Introductory do. .
Van Antwerp, Bragg & Co.'s Eclectic, First
Grade dozen .
Van Antwerp, Bragg & Co.'s Eclectic, Sec-
ond Grade dozen
Van Antwerp, Bragg & Co.'s Eclectic, Third
Grade dozen
Warren's Primary . do
12
1
4
16
13
""4"
19
GRAMMARS.
Brown's First Lines dozen .
Graded Lessons in English, by Reed &
Kellose... dozen.
3 84
3 75
480
PROPOSALS RECEIVED AND CONTRACTS AWARDED
Abstract of proposals received and contracts awarded in Neiv York City, under advertisement
of April 23, 1884, for school books for the Indian service — Continued.
(NOTE. — Figures in large type denote the rates at which contracts have been awarded ; awards were
made on comparison of samples which accompanied bids.]
SCHOOL BOOKS— continued.
Quantity offered.
1
£
I
A. S. Barnes.
Geo. E. Lockwood
& Son.
J. H. "Woodhouse.
I
H
$
d
Points of delivery.
N.Y.
N.Y.
N.Y.
K.T.
GRAMMAB8— continued.
3
3
1
4
1
1
3
'1
4
6
20J
1
3
3
4
V
1
3
$7 87*
3 46J
6 83
6 30
4 73
4 73
3 36
3 15
3 57
3 99
2 94
22 50
9 60
13 60
7 03
10 .10
5 30
8 40
9 45
5 98i
8 93
4 20
4 20
3 4O
1 80
4 20
6O
1 80
31 00
1 80
1 80
1 80
6 00
1 80
7 20
90
90
90
1 50
90
90
1 50
$408
3 52
6 93
6 41
5 34
$420
4 46
6 90
634
4 77
Harvey's Elementary . . • . do
Harvey .'s School do . .
Higher Lessons in English by Reed &
K.ellogg dozen.
Knox and "Whitney's Language Lessons,
Part 1 ' dozen
Knox and Whitney's Language Lessons,
Part 2 . - dozen
3 37
3 21
3 73
3 78
3 85
9 50
3 33
3 18
3 71
3 95
2 91
Quackenbos's English Elementary do. .
Swinton's Language Lessons do. .
Swinton's Language Primer.. .do..
4
«ri
HISTORIES.
Bancroft's United States dozen.
Barnes's Brief • do
I
17|
1
f
;P
i7i
Higginson's Young Folks', U. S do. .
Junior TJ. S. by John J. Anderson do . .
12 80
7 15
10 67
5 55
8 53
9 18
5 75
9 07
5 20
5 20
3 50
2 25
5 20
80
2 25
697
10 4O
5 52
Popular TJ. S., 'by John J. Anderson . .-. .do. .
Quackenbos's Elementary, TJ. S do..
Redpath's United States do. .
Swinton's Condensed do..
9 36
5 93
9 02
3 50
3 50
$9 50
6 00
Swinton's Primary do
Venable's . ^ do .
MAPS.
Africa ...
1
1
4
7
3
14
3
1
3
4
2
17
1
12
17
17
17
17
17
16
20
8
3
3
4
8
4
14
3
3
4
3
18
1
19
18
18
18
18
18
18
30
Cilifornia
Dakota
3 5O
Indian Territory ..
Monteith's Grand seven each sets
Nebraska
3 00
1 3O
2 25
7 00
2 25
9 00
90
90
90
90
90
90
1 80
United States large
3 5O
"Washington Territory
TToi'ld large
3 5O
MAPS, OUTLINE.
Africa
Asia
United States
PRIMERS.
Apnleton's Series ... . . .dozen. .
FOE SCHOOL BOOKS FOR INDIAN SERVICE.
481
Abstract of proposals received and contracts awarded in New York City, under advertisement
of April 23, 1884, for school books for tne Indian service — Continued.
[NOTE. — Figures in large type denote the rates at which contracts have been awarded ; awards were
made on comparison of samples which accompanied bids.]
SCHOOL BOOKS — continued.
Quantity offered.
Quantity awarded.
d
.<
Geo. R. Lockvood
&Son.
J. H. Woodhouse.
$
0
Points of delivery.
N.Y.
N.T.
N.Y.
N.T.
PRIMERS — continued.
Hillard's dozen
1
40*
8
3
31
,?
•15
13
2?
$1 78
87*
1 2G
1 47
1 47
1 26
1 73
1 57*
1 02
2 10
1 37
1 78
1 78*
2 10
1 53
2 40
1 §9
2 10
1 89
1 89
1 73
2 IO
3 36
2 52
2 52
2 07i
3 36
2 62*
2 03
3 47
3 15
3 67*
2 36
3 84
3 67A
3 78
3 78
3 <>7A
3 36"
3 88*
3 3(5
336
4 03i
5 25
3 78
4 20
4 62
$1 81
88
1 23
1 63
1 41
1 43
1 23
'l 53
2 00
2 14
1 39
1 82
1 80
2 04
1 50
$1 87
1 33
83
1 56
1 56
1 56
1 46
1 25
McGnfi'ey's Revised do..
40*
8
3
31
,1J
15
13
34
Monroe's do . .
~"$i'45
1 45
1 26
NOAV American . do
Sanders's Pictorial <lo..
Swintoii's do. .
Wat son's Independent do
Wilson's ... do..
READERS, FIUST.
Applrton's do/.en.
1 87
2 08
1 38
1 87
1 81
2 08
1 54
1 85
Harvey's . . ... do.
{
lli'laid's do
McGnfTe.> 's Revised do. .
Monroe's do. .
»
37
9
New American do
Pavkn anil Wat-on's do..
Sadlier's Exce sior do
1
,J
£
1
13
4
«i
10
4
28*
1
""4"
9
9*
11
15
13
13
"jr
42*
"io
4
2 J2
2 04
1 84
1 82
Sai.dei s's New do. .
Sheldon's do
2 08
1 87
1 87
2 10
1 85
1 89
Swintnn's do
Watson's Independent do
Webb's First Lessons do .
Webbs Model do..
2 35
3 41
2 45
2 13
3 20
3 52
2 67
2 67
3 52
3 21
3 57
2 '29
Wilson's . do
Willsr.n's, Marcius do..
2 50
3 00
3 43
2 65
2 60
3 46
3 18
3 67
2 36
READERS, SECOND.
Appleton's dozen
2 97
Edwards and Webb's Analytical do..
Harvey's. do .
Ilillaru's do
Lippincott's do
McGuffey's Revised do
Monroe's do .
New American do
Parker and Watson's .. . do J 1
Sadiier's Excelsior do..
2
9
9|
20
11
9
4
3
13
1
2
3
30*
11*
9
4
3
29
4 25
3 67
3 67
3 55
Sanders's New .... ... do
3 75
3 75
3 64
3 78
3 73
3 67
Sheldon's do. .
Swinton's . . do
Watson's Independent do..
Webb's Modil ... do
3 95
3 27
3 52
4 26
5 34
3 84
4 27
4 69
Wilson's do
3 33
3 93
5 20
3 82
4 16
4 62
Willsou's Marcius . do
HEADERS, THIRD.
Appleton's dozen.
3 91
Edwards and Webb's Analytical do
Ha'vcy's do..
1
1
Hillard's do
3
3
4266 IND 31
482
PROPOSALS RECEIVED AND CONTRACTS AWARDED
Abstract of proposals received and contra els awarded in New York City, under adrertiwmcnt
of April 23, 1S84, for school books for the Indian ,%rn'«?— Coutiuiied.
[NOTE.— Figures in large type denote the rates at which contracts have been awarded ; awards were
made on comparison of samples which accompanied bids.]
SCHOOL BOOKS— continued.
Quantity offered.
Quantity awarded.
A. S. Barnes.
Greo. R. Lock wood
&Son.
J. II. Woodbonse.
|
1
i*
d
Points of delivery.
N.Y.
N.Y.
N. Y. N. Y.
READERS, THIRD— continued.
McGruffey's Revised dozen
?
1
2
,!*
12
1
2
10
1
1
2
¥
1
1
1
3
7
7
1
*}
gj
<2
1-h
10
til
1
9
18
1
""a"
13J
$441
r> va
3 89
6 09
5 67
5 46
5 25
4 80
r> 04
:") 04
5 38
4 73
5 25
6 30
5 35
6 30
4 73
7 35
8 92
7 56
6 824
6 73
6 30
6 30
9 60
7 35
7 56
9 34
9 45
9 45
893i
10 00
9 00
7 20
8 40
9 45
24 35
9 00
9 00
5 40
8 40
8 4O
8 40
95
2 42
1 3tt£
1 78*
2 63
$4 44
5 10
3 75
6 30
5 53
5 31
5 05
$t 46
5 25
3 89
Monroe's - -. do
Sadlior's Excelsior do
Sanders' New do
r> 6->
f. 41
:> 20
$567
f> 39
5 25
Sheldon's do
Swinton's . do
Watson's Independent do..
Wilson's * do
4 90
4 67
5 44
4 80
5 34
6 40
5 L'8
6 13
4 59
8 4.')
8 67
7 35
6 60
4 !if)
5 21
4 78
5 20
6 30
5 31
6 30
4 72
RKADERS, FOURTH.
Appleton's dozen .
5 33
Harvev's do
Hillard's do
McGutley's Revised do
Monroe's do..
Now American do
Sadlier's Excelsior ... .do
i
i
3
7
7
8 84
7 49
6 76
' 7 47
G 82
Sheldon's . do
Swinton's do..
Watson's Independent do
Wilson's do
6 12
6 40
10 00
7 47
7 62
10 50
9 18
9 48
8 98
3 50
"o 34"
9 36
7 43
7 04
9 33
Wi'lson's, Marcius do. .
IT'S
?
ii
3f
READERS, FIFTH.
Appleton's dozen
Harvey's .. do
9
1*
N
6
1
1
1
&
|
i
10
1
9
1-3
ii
Sadlier's Excelsior do
9 36
9 36
9 02
AVillsou's Marcius do
READERS, SIXTH.
fti
•A
REGISTERS, SCHOOL.
Adams & Dlackinan's, Daily dozen
mt
Adams' Union School do
(Iraded School do
" «£
8 53
6 93
8 49
6 76
Ivisou, Blakeman, Taylor & Co do . .
Smith, E. B., & Co do. .
Tracy's do
r
1-3
10
6 00
" "8 53
8 53
8 5.'!
V;ni Antwerp, Bragg & Co., Standard ..do..
"\Vliit e's New Common School do..
8 49
8 49
8 49
1 04
1 03
White's E. E . do
SPELLERS.
A ppleton's Series dozen
Harvey's Primary do . .
11
30
1
11
30
1 39
I 79
2 55
1 38
1 80
2 62
McGufrey's Revised do. .
New American. Advanced .. do..
FOR SCHOOL BOOKS FOR INDIAN SERVICE.
483
Abstract of proposals received and contracts awarded in Xew Yoik City, under advertisement
of April 23, Ib84, for school books for the Indian service— Continued.
[NOTE.— Figures in large type denote the rates at -which contracts have been awarded; awards were
made on comparison of samples which accompanied bids.]
SCHOOL BOOKS— continued.
g,
Quantity awarded.
A. S. Barnes.
!
Geo. B. Lockwood !
& Son.
J. H. Woodhouse.
$
0
Points of delivery.
N.Y.
N.Y.
N.Y.
N.Y.
SPELLERS— continued.
New American, Primary dozen.
5
1
5
$1 57i
1 73
3 36
1 89
1 57i
1 89
1 99
1 89
1 57J
910
1 73
9 59
95
2 52
1 57J
2 42
1 79
08
1 10
95
3 50
3 90
9 OO
4 80
300
65
75
9 95
995
2 00
1 20
4 75
50
60
C|\
60
O8
$1 53
$1 57
Parker's Elementary do..
Parker's Pronouncing do..
9
5
5
8
1
28
11
4
12
6
2
6
11
1
9
5
5
9
3O
98
11
4
19
6
9
6
11
Sauders' New do..
1 85
1 53
1 85
1 87
1 56
1 46
1 87
$189
1 57
1 85
2 62
Sanders' Primary . do •
Sheldon's . ..do..
Smith's Juvenile Deflner do . .
S\vinton's Word Book do
1 83
1 53
2 16
1 87
1 56
1 89
157
Swin ton's Word Primer do . .
Town's .. .. do
Watson's do..
Webb's Word Method do..
Webster's do .
1 87
1 20
9 46
1 53
2 67
1 82
10
1 50
1 04
Wilson's Large do
Wilson's Primary .. . do.
Worcester's Complete do. .
Worcester's Primary .... . do .
1
STATIONERY.
Blank books, 4 by 6| inches, 24 pages, bound
full sheep
50
10
139
m
?*
A
i
55
344
39
5
17
25
1
48
5
34
1
50
13,15O
173
9*
f
1-19
5-6
»4i
Envelopes, adhesive, best quality, white,
1 25
Ink, black, in cones dozen
Ink, black, in quarts do. .
Ink, crimson, best quality, 4-ounce bottles,
with cork stoppers . dozen
Inkstands, 2£-inch,round, glass stoppers, do. .
Mucilage, best quality, quarts do. .
Mucilage, best quality, 8-oz. bottles, with
brush dozen
2 50
Paper, blotting, best quality, 19 by 24 inches,
to weigh not less than 100 pounds to the
80
45
2 57
2 57
2 35
1 15
3 50
37
75
45
75
•i
10
Paper, drawing, Whatman's Antiquarian.
"Selected Best," hot-pressed, 31 by 53
inches sheets
Paper, foolscap, best quality, ruled, white,
14 pounds to the ream . roams
54i
5
97i
39*
250
2 50
1 90
1 25
Paper, legal cap, best quality, ruled, white,
14 pounds to the ream ....... .reams
Paper, letter, half sheets, best quality, ruled,
white, 12 pounds to the ream reams.
Paper, commercial note, best quality, ruled,
white, 7 pounds to the ream reams.
Paper-folders, best quality, ivory, heavy,
9-inch dozen
Pencils, Dixon's American Graphite, various
grades dozen
21
34
Pencils, Dixon's, red, blue, and creen ..do..
Pencils, black, A. W. Faber'.s, best quality,
Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 dozen.
Pencils, A. W. Faber's, red, blue, and green,
dozen
Pencils, black-lead, plain cedar dozen.
246 353
484
PROPOSALS RECEIVED AND CONTRACTS AWARDED
Abstract of proposals received and contracts awarded in New York City, under advertisement
of April 23, 1884, for school books for the Indian service— Continued.
[NOTE. — Figures in large type denote the rates at which contracts have been awarded ; awards were
made on comparison of samples which accompanied bids.]
SCHOOL BOOKS— continued.
Quantity offered.
Quantity awarded.
A. S. Barnes.
Geo. R. Lockwood
& Son.
J. H. Woodhouse.
S
£
d
Points of delivery.
N.T.
N.T.
N.Y.
N.T.
STATIONERY — continued.
Pen-holders, wooden, assorted, best quality,
222
,*
396
1
1
1
6
1H
4
22
2
44
10
11
56
2
1
1
1
3
8
2
1
56
72
82
56
36
#
128
129
111
110
96
62
52
63
279
M*
497
JL-J 3J
4-f\j
3 1*3
84
94J
9
22
a*
52
1O
14
57
3
2
9
f
27
11
i
56
74
98
6O
36*
#
140
141
123
122
105
68 -
52
63
$0 24
1 80
8O
1 00
15
24
67
03
50
1 75
36
43
43
47
79
43
1 02
50
5O
50
85
85
85
85
36
40
50
60
80
70
70
1 00
1 00
1 00
1 00
1 00
1 00
1 00
70
$O O4
2 00
95
65
25
30
1 10
05
2O
2 50
45
55
54
58
1 00
55
1 30
1 50
65
1 0}
1 15
1 15
1 15
1 15
45
48
60
72
96
70
70
1 00
1 00
1 00
1 00
1 00
1 00
1 00
70
Pen-racks iron dozen.
Papers pins, best solid head, No. 5 do. .
Rubber, artist's, best quality, medium size,
per pound cakes .
Rubber bands, best quality, No. 11 gross.
Rubber bands best quality, No. 16 do. .
Rubber bands, best quality, No. 32 do . .
Rubber ink-erasers, small cakes, per pound
Rulers, wooden, 12-inch, graduated... dozen
Sponges for slates, 150 to 175 pieces to the
Steel pens, Esterbrook's, No. 9, commercial,
Steelpens, Esterbrook's. No.14, bank.. gross
Steel pens, Esterbrook's, No. 048, Falcon,
Steel pens, Esterbrook's, No. 122, engross-
ing gross
Steel pens Gillott's No. 303 do
Steel pens, Gillott's, No. 404 do. .
Steel pens, Gillott's, No. 332 do. .
S' eel pens Miller 1 ros ' Acme . do
Steel pens, Miller Bros.', No. 505 do. .
Steel pens, Perry's, No. 127 do. .
Steel pens, Spencerian, No. 1 do. .
Steel pens, Spencerian, No. 2, counting-
Steel pens, Spencerian, No. 3, commercial,
gross . ....
Steel pens, Spencerian, No. 5, school,
gross
SLATES.
7 by 9 inches dozen.
$O 36
40
50
59
79
70
70
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
70
$0 39
43
54
65
87
til
98
98
98
98
98
98
98
68i
7 by 11 inches . do
8 by 12 inches do. .
9 by 13 inches do
9 J by 14 inches do .
TRACING BOOKS.
Spencerian No. 1 dozen
Spencerian, No. 2 do . .
WRITING BOOKS.
Spencerian, No. 1, longer course dozen.
Spenceiiau, No. 2, longei course do..
Spencerian, No. 3, longer course . . . .do. .
Spencerian, No. 4, longer course . . . .do.-
Speucerian, No. 5, longer course . . .do. .
Spenceiian, No. 6, longer course . . . do..
Spenceriau, No. 7, longer course . . . .do. .
Spencerian, No. 1, shorter course. . do..
FOR SCHOOL BOOKS FOR INDIAN SERVICE.
485
Ab«1rac1 of proposals received and contracts awarded in New York City, under advertisement
of April as, 1884, for school books for the Indian service— Continued.
[NOTE— Figures in large type denote the rates at which contracts have been awarded ; awards were
made on comparison of samples which accompanied bids.]
SCHOOL BOOKS— continued.
•
Quantity offered.
1
_^s
0>
A. S. Barnes.
Geo. E. Lockwood
^ Son.
J. H. "Woodhouse.
£
d
Points of delivery.
KT.
N.T.
N.Y.
KT.
WRITING BOOKS— continued.
Speucerian, No. 2, shorter course do. ,
Spenoerian No. 3 shorter course do.
67
56
39
37
25
24
3
J1
8*
392
73
33
544
78
it
1
8
7
3*
1
67
56
39
37
25
24
3
S*
107A
792
79
43
688
80
Si
4
i
S
13
*I»
$0 70
70
70
70
70
70
23
42 00
4 66f
75
3 75
45
4 00
21
13
65
$0 70
70
70
70
70
70
45
48 00
5 50
78
3 75
4O
435
25
Hi
66
5 40
7 02
3 52
2 00
900
6 00
3 16
3 16
3 16
3 16
7 80
2 12
18
10 10
4 29
6 12
44
30
800
$0 70
70
70
70
70
70
$06|J
6Si
68*
6Si
68i
Sp< nee i ian, No. 4, shorter course do. .
Sj'fnce inn, No. 5, shorter course do. .
Sju ucerian, No. 7, shorter course do. .
MISCELLANEOUS.
Alcohol and Hygiene, by Julia Coleman
Arithmetical frames, by John Gould. dozen
Blackboards 3 by 4 feet
Blackboard erasers the best do
Call-bells dozen
3 46
Children's Kitchen Garden, by Emily Hunt-
ingtoii
Crayons. ch:ilk white, dustless boxes
Hi
55
5 30
6 90
10 61
Crayons, cbalk, colored do..
Dorner's Treasury of Knowledge, No. 1. dozen
Dorner's Treasury of Knowledge, No. 2 . do
First Lessons in Geometry, by Thomas
Hill dozen
3 47
1 5O
10 00
6 00
3 06
3 06
3 06
3 06
7 65
2 O4
17
10 50
4 41
6 30
43|
20
8 67
50
21
75
05
50
Gospel Hymns, No.'l, with music dozen.
Gospel Hymns, No. 2, with music do..
Gospel Hymns No 3 with music do
Gospel Hymns, No. 4, with music do..
Gospel H.ymiis, Nos. 1. 2, 3, and 4 combined,
with music dozen .
Gospel Hymns, Nos. 1, 2, 3, and 4 combined,
2
841
2
22
I6f
8
2
25
6
4*A
39
8
320
13
...
93f
2
22
21*
8
2
35
6
1-12
48
44
8
826
14
15
Good Behavior, published by Cheney &
Clapp Brat tie borough Vt
Hooker's Child's Book of Nature do
10 40
441
6 30
45
83
1 65
How to Talk, Powell's Language Series, pub-
lished by Cowperthwaite & Co., Philadel-
How to Write, Powell's Language Series,
published by Cowperthwaite & Co., Phila-
delphia Pa dozen
How to Use Wood- Working Tools, published
by Ginn & Heath Boston Mass
Key of English Method, by Ollendorf . . .do. .
Kitchen ami Dining-Room Work, by MM.
H J Willard
19
90
06
1 50
930
Mother Truth's Melodies, by Mrs. E. P.
Miller '
Multipl>("itioii c'uds sets
Object curds', Mineral Kingdom, by Oliver
&Boyd... Beta.
486
PROPOSALS RECEIVED AND CONTRACTS AWARDED
Abstract of proposals received and contracts awarded in New York City, under advertisement
of April 23, 18H4, for school books for the Indian service — Continued,
— Figures in large type denote the rates at which contracts have been awarded ; awards were
made on comparison of samples which accompanied bids ]
BGHOOL BOOKS — continued.
Quantity offered.
Quantity awarded.
t/2
<3
Geo. K. Lockwood
&Son.
J. H. Woodhouse.
H
N
d
Points of delivery.
N.T.
N. Y. N. Y.
N.Y.
MISCELLANEOUS— continued.
Our World, No. 1, by Mrs. Hall dozen .
Our World, No. 2, by Mrs. Hall do.
1!
49
*!?1
619
50
158
4&
P
22
49
98
39
76
12
34
34
16}
10i
68
J*
$630
15 75
21
1 15
6 60
OS
03
35
2 55
2 55
11 02
25
3 00
83
25
13*
$
3 25
10 29
5 04
74§
2 55
14 70
79
$16 00
6 40
18
1 45
10 00
Parlor, Bed-Room, and Laundry, by Mrs.
H J. Willard ....
44
s»
595
50
134
»A
I*
17
34
98
38
75
12
39
33
i*A
10*
65
?
Pencils, slate, German, sharpened M.
Picture Teaching, by Janet Byrne . . .dozen
Pictures, assorted (reward cards) do . .
Plaster Paris pounds
Prang's Natural History, small pictures in
envolopes, each set containing 12 cards 2J
by 4 J inches . sets .
29
2 16
2 16
6 72
30
2 95
75
90
14
50
1 SO
3 50
9 95
490
75
2 16
14 93
8 53
SO 26
Primer of Domestic Science, Kitchen Work,
published by Sherwood & Co., Chicago,
111 dozen .
Primer of Domestic Science, No. 2, published
by Sherwood & Co., Chicago, 111 . . .dozen.
Quackenbos' Composition do . .
Sewing Illustrated by L. J. Kirkwood
6 68
Slated olackboard cloth yards
Slating brushes
Smarts Gymnastics
1 59
Thermometers ...
i 86
Wall-slating gallons
Webster Dictionary, high school dozen
Webster's Dictionary, primary do . .
Well's Science Common Things
Willard's, Mrs. H. J., Primer Domestic Sci-
ence, No. 3 dozen
10 19
4 99
74
$1020
5 00
Woroester'sDictionary.Comprehensive.do..
Worcester's Dictionary, School
14 70
840
FOR MEDICAL SUPPLIES FOR INDIAN SERVICE.
487
Abstract of proposals received and contracts awarded in New York City, under advertisement
of April 23, Ib84, for medical supplies for the Indian service.
[NOTE.— Figures in large type denote the rates at which contracts have been awarded ; awards were
made on comparison of samples which accompanied bids.]
MEDICAL SUPPLIES.
/
G?
Quantity awarded.
h»
a
S
1
w
$
G. H. Shafer.
Points of delivery.'
New York.
1
1
Saint Louis.
MEDICINES.
480
116
323
548
784
384
188
528
404
200
640
117
752
792
1, 112
1,152
432
552
148
8,984
1,088
476
77
11
5,968
468
246
4
82
582
936
»60
2,C88
805
240
134
868
512
536
2,696
82
2,960
774
517
1,657 !
344 !
216
90
104
1,496
470
60
54
330
48O
116
323
548
784
384
188
528
404
200
640
117
752
792
1,112
1,152
432
552
148
8,984
1,088
476
77
11
5,968
468
246
4
82
582
936
960
2,688
805
240
134
8«S
512
536
2,696
82 !
/£«"oO
774
517
1,657
344
216
90
104
f,4**4>
470
60
54
330
$0 O2
1!
11
?
13
i*
61
1
11
1
3
li
3
4i-
13
8
2
5*
5 25
14
11
2
3
a
40
5
28
34
10
11
4
49
33 i
Is
'i
-•5.4
4s
16
3
$0 02
8
13i
H
3J
1
2|
2J
12$
3
13
!4
59
J
H
4|
12
10
1ft
2^
5 50
15
10
2
4
2
43
5
30
?
>S»
12*
4J
SO
1
22J
4
15
8
1
16
3
Acid', carbolic, for disinfection, Mb. bottles, 95 per
Acid, carbolic, pure, crystallized, 4-oz. g. s. bott . .ounces.
Acid citric 8-oz bottles do
$004J
Acid muriatic c p 4-oz. g s. bottles do .
A cid', phos.,' dilute, U. S. P., 4-oz. g. s. bottles do. . .
Acid| sulphuric, c. p., 4-oz. £. s. Lotties . . do. . .
Acid, sulphuric, aromatic, U. S. P., 8-oz. g. s. bottles. do. . .
'"t7i
Aconite, tincture of, rad., 8-oz. bottles , do ...
Alcohol 32-oz. bottles 95 per cent bottles
Alumina and potassa, sulphate of (aluin),4-oz. bott ounc's.
Ammonia carbonate of 8-oz. bottles do .
A mmonia, muriate of, pulvis, 8-oz. bottles do ...
Ammonia bromide 4-oz bottles do
Ammonia, solution of, U. S. P., 8-oz. g. s. bottles do. . .
Ammonia, aromatic spirits of, 8-oz. g. s. bottles do. . .
Ammonium, bromide of, 4-oz. g. s. w. m. bottles do . .
Anise oil of do .
4
Antimony andjpotassa, tartrate of (tartar emetic), 1-oz.
g. s. bottles., U. S. P ounces.
22
2
Arsenite of potassa, solution of (Fowler's solution), 4-oz.
bottles U S P ounces
Assafcetida gum tins - do
Atrophia, sulph. ^-oz. bottles do
Belladonna, alcoholic extract of, 1-oz. w. m. jars do. .
Bismuth, snbnitrate of, 2-oz. bottles, U. S. P do. . .
Boiax powdert-d 8-oz g s bottles - do •
?
Buchu, fluid extract of 8-oz. g. s. bottles do. . .
Camphor 8-oz bottles - do '
Castor oil 32-oz bottles cold-pressed bottles
Cerate blistering 8-oz tins ..ounces
Cerate simple 1-lb tins pounds
Chalk, prepared, 8-oz. bottles ounces. ..
Chloral hydrate of 4-oz g s w m bottles do
4
Chloroform, purified, 8-oz. g. s. bottles do..
""ij
""ei
"~2~
Cinchona, fluid ext., (with aromatics), 8-oz. bottles.. do ..
Cod-liver oil 1-pint bottles bottles.
Colchicum.rad., wine of, 4-oz. bottles ounces
Colchicuir seed fluid extract of 4oz. bottled do
Colocynth, compound ext. of, powdered, 8-oz. bott . .do. . .
< 'opper sulphate of 2-oz bottles do. .
Grot on oil 1 oz°g s bottles ....do '•
Digitalis, tincture of, 2-oz. bottles do...;
488
PROPOSALS RECEIVED AND CONTRACTS AWARDED
Abstract of proposals received and contracts awarded in 2few York City, wider advertisement
of AL}ril 23, Ibs4, for medical supplies for the Indian service — Continued.
[N OTE.— Figures in large type denote the rates at which contracts have been awarded ; awards were
made on comparison of samples "which accompanied bids.]
MEDICAL SUPPLIES — continued.
Quantity offered.
Quantity awarded.
d
i
^
W. EL Schieffelin.
W
6
Points of delivery.
Xew Tork.
Xew Tork.
Saint Louis.
MEDICINES— continued.
Ergot fluid extract of 4-oz. bottles ounces
1,042
1,384
1,568
4,144
1,040
384
2,784
5,976
488
32
119
1,354
178
664
96
25
224
410
208
2, 880
420
2,880
76
1,1(10
1,O42
1,384
1,568
4,144
1,046
384
2,784
5,976
488
32
119
1,354
178
664
96
25
224
410
208
2,880
420
2,880
76
1,100
392
491
377
1,028
320
644
\ ,020
132
146
56
449
SOS
320
97
292
13§
555
31
2,152
m»o
8,536
448
208
3,432
2,136
$004i
4
42
ti
a*
i*
2
16
19
Si
26
9
•I
58
1
3iJ
I1
1
30
1!
£
40
3
«
5
W
?*
2 90
3 OO
13
15
If
16
ll°0
Si
34
5
M
$0 04|
If
P
3
4
IT'S
2i
16i
19
>«
9
6*
55
$
1
2
32
2J
1
38
1ft
H
4|
4
42
Bft
:
*i
290
290
11|
14
•ft
16
If
5|
32i
5
8ft
$007i
'"s
Ether, compound spirits of (Hoffman's anodyne), 8-oz. g.
s bottles U. S P . . . - ounces
Ether, stronger, for anaesthesia, tins notexc'd'g 1 Ib. .do . .
Ether, spirits of nitrous (sweet spirits of niter), 8-oz. g. s.
bottles U. S. P ounces
Gelseminum tincture of 4-oz, bottles ounces
Ginger, fluid extract of, 8-oz. bottles do. . .
6ft
Glycerine pure 8-oz. bottles do
Grim arable, powdered, 8-oz. w. m. bottles do ..
Hyoscyanius, alcoholic extract of, U. S. P., 1-oz. w. m.
jars ounces
Iodine, tincture of, U. S. P., 8-oz. g. s. bottles do. . .
Ipecac fluid < xtract of 4-oz bottles do
Ipecacuanha powdered 8-oz. bottles do
Iron, solution of the subsulphate of, 4-oz. bottles., ounces
Iron, sulphate of, commercial, 10-lb. wood boxes. pounds
Iron sulphate of c p 8-oz w m. bottles ounces
Ironl quinia, citrate' of, 1-oz. bottles do ...
Iron, tincture of the chloride of, U. S. P., 8-oz. g. s. bottles,
ounces
4
Jalap powderetl 4-oz bottles ... ounces
Lavender, compound spirits of, U. S. P do ...
Lead acetate of 8-oz bottles do
392
491
377
1,028
320
644
1,020
132
146
56
449
808
320
97
291
13|
555
31
2,152
990
8,536
448
208
3,432
2.13G
Linseed oil raw pint bottles bottles
19
L'corice, extract of paper . . . ounces
Magnesia, heavy calcined, 4-oz. w. m. bottles do. . .
Magnesia sulphate of, 10-lb tins .... pounds
7
7
Mercurial ointment, U. S. P., 1-lb. pots do
Mercury with chalk 2-oz. w.m. bottles. ounces
. ..
Mercury, corrosive chloride of (corrosive sublimate), 1-oz.
bottles . . ounces
Mercury, mild chloride of, U. S. P. (calomel), 2-oz. bottles,
ounces ...
Mercury, ointment of nitrate of, U. S. P. (citrine oint-
ment) 8-O7. pots ounces
Mercury, pills of, U. S. P.(blue mass), 8-oz. pots do. . .
Mercury, red oxide of, 1-oz. bottles do .
Morphia, sulphate of, £-oz. bottles do. . .
Morphia, acetate of, J-oz. bottles do
Mustard seed, black, ground, 5-lb tins pounds.
Nuxvomica, alcoholic extract of, powdered, 1-oz. bottles,
Ointment boxes, tin, assorted sizes do...
Olive oil, 1-pint bottles bottles
Opium, camphorated tincture of, TJ. S. P., 16-oz. bott.do. . .
Opium, compound powder of, U. S. P. (Dover's Powder),
8-oz. bottles . ounces
Opium, powdered, 8-oz. bottles do
Opium, tincture of, U. S. P. (laudanum), 8-oz. bott. .do ...
Origanum, oil of, 8-oz. bottlea ... . . .do. . .
FOR MEDICAL SUPPLIES FOR INDIAN SERVICE.
489
Abstract of proposals received and contracts awarded in Neic York City, under advertisement
of April 23, 1884, for medical supplies for the Indian service— Continued.
[NOTE.— Figures in large type denote the rate at which contracts have been awarded ; awards were
made on comparison of samples which accompanied hids.]
MEDICAL SUPPLIES— continued.
Quantity offered.
Quantity awarded.
J. McKesson.
W. H. Shieffelin.
Gr. H. Shafer.
Points of delivery.
New York.
New York.
Saint Louis.
MEDICINES— continued.
Pepper, cayenne, ground, 8-oz. bottles .ounces-
Peppermint, oil of, 1-oz. bottles do
568
124
133, 800
15
20
438
1,752
1,496
27
664
1,504
81
1,848
921
260
2,448
47
551
28
29
926
1,477
1,635
2,448
632
1,555
72
1, 760S
968
213
232
650
74
413
11, 080
90
175
172
542
292
292
319
760
2,742
275
944
51
60
69
568
124
133,800
2O
438
1,752
1,496
27
664
1,504
81
1,848
921
260
2,448
47
551
28
29
926
1,477
1,635
2,448
632
1,555
72
5f
1,760
968
213
232
650
74
413
11,080
90
175
172
542
292
292
319
760
2,742
275
944
51
6O
69
*» OgJ
M
25
10
»»
,!'
t
84
1 17
45
22
80
77
|s
1
12
12
05
1 05
1
54
24
5
15
48
2O
f
i*
2
30
11
ill
3 00
I1
$0 02
20
10
25
10
2
P
?
«l
1 15
3
4?A
23
80
77
I
5
4
I
13*
12
5
1 10
1
J?
i?
55
20
1
1J
5
5
2
28
9
If
9
224
3 00
?
Pills, compound cathartic, in bottles, U. S. P . ..number.
Podophyllum, resin of, 1-ox. bottles ounces
Potassa, caustic, 1-oz. g. s. bottles do. . .
Potassa, acetate of, 8-oz. bottles do
Potassa, bitartrate of, powdered (cream of tartar), 8-oz.
bottles ounces
Potassa, chlorate of, powdered, 8-oz. bottles do ...
Potassa, cjanuret, 1-oz. g. s. bottles .'. do...
Potassa, nitrate of, powdered, 8-oz. bottles do. . .
Potassium, bromide of, 8-oz. bottles do. . .
Potassium, permanganate of, 1-oz. bottles do
Potassium, iodide of 8-oz. bottles do
Quinia, suiphate of, 1-oz. bottles, or compressed in tins,
ounces
Khubarb, powdered, 4-oz. bottles ounces
Rochelle salt, powdered, 8-oz. bottles do ...
Santonine, 1 oz. bottles do
Sai saparilla, fluid extract, 8-oz. bottles bottles . .
Silver, nitrate of, fused, 1-oz. g. s. bottles ounces. .
Silver, nitrate of, in crystals, 1-oz. bottles do ...
Soap, carbolic pounds..
Soap, Castile, in paper do
Soap, common, in bars . do
io'oij
Soda, bicarbonate of, 8-oz. bottles ounces.
Soda, salicylate, 4-oz. w. m. bottles . do
Squills, syrup of, U. S. P., 1-lb. bottles pounds
17*
Squills, pulvis, 1-oz. w. m. bottles ounces. .
Strychnia, |-oz. bottles do . .
Sulphur, washed, in 8-oz bottles do
Seneka, fluid extract of, 8-oz. bottles do
""374
Taraxacum, fluid extract of, 8-oz. bottles bottles. .
Tolu balsam, in 4-oz. jars ounces . .
Turpentine, oil of, 32-oz. bottles bottles. -
Valerian, fluid extract of, 1-lb. bottles do ...
Wild cherry, fluid extract of, 8-oz. bottles do. . . .
Wild cherry, syrup of, 16-oz. bottles, U. S. P ounces. .
Zinc, acetate of in 2-oz bottles do
Zinc, sulphate of, in 1 oz. bottles do
HOSPITAL STORES.
Bandages, suspensory .. number. .
Barley, in tins .". pounds..
Cinnamon, ground, 4-oz. w. m. bottles ounces. .
".".".".".".
Cocoa, in tins '. pounds..
Corn starch, in tins do
Ginger, ground, in 8-oz. bottles ounces . .
Sugar, white, crushed, in boxes not exceeding 50 pounds,
pounds
Tapioca, in tins ... pounds . .
Tea, black, in tins or original chests do
INSTRUMENTS AND DRESSINGS.
Bandages ... number
Binder's boards, 2£ by 12 inches pieces. .
Binder's boards, 4 by 17 inches do
490
PROPOSALS RECEIVED AND CONTRACTS AWARDED
Abstract of proposals received and contracts awarded in Netv York City, under advertisement
of April 23, 1884, for medical supplies for the Indian service— Continued.
[NOTE.— Figures in large type denote the rates at which contracts have been awarded ; awards were
made on comparison of samples which accompanied bids.]
MEDICAL SUPPLIES— continued.
I
Quantity awarded.
j
W. H. SchieflFelin.
W
6
Points of delivery.
New York.
New York.
i
INSTRUMENTS AND DRESSINGS— Continued.
Cases field operating number
8
185
297
430
40
19
67
111
1,692
30
24
116
92
7
2,497
197
110
101
195
5
4
22
24
34
7
10
384
5
20
12
441
251
19
120
249
8
2
3
48
39
928
284
76
8
185
297
430
40
19
67
111
1,692
30
24
116
92
2,497
197
110
101
195
5
22
24
34
1O
384
20
12
441
251
19
120
249
8
3
48
39
9 28
2 84
76
$1625
5
6
3
5
14
22
54
50
5
8
54
8 50.
1
22
5 25
1 9O
8
15
65
38
25
i*
1 75
80
55
15
29
60
5
2}
7 50
45
1 1O
1 10
27
2
91
8
$16 00
1
15
15
55
5
5?
8 50
1
3
14
22
24
5 20
2 00
10
18
68
28
24
5
1 75
80
55
15
27
60
8
5
7 00
45
1 10
1 00
27
2
3
7
38
5
1
5
5 50
4
12
15
13
6
58
5
: :::
Catheters g. e., assorted sizes do
Cotton bats do
Cotton wadding .. sheets
Cupping-tins, assorted sizes number
Lancets thumb . . . . do
Lint picked pounds
Muslin, unbleached, unsized, 1 yard wide yards.
Needles upholsterer's . . . do
Oiled silk in 2-yard pieces yards
Operating cases (minor) number
Pencils, hair (assorted sizes), in vials do. .
Plaster adhesive 5 yards in a can yards
Plaster isinglass 1 yard in a case do
."."."
Plaster of Paris in 5-lb. tins . . .... pounds
Pocket cases number
Scissors 4-inch .. do
Silk ligature • . . ounces
Speculums for the rectum number
Speculums for the vagina glass do
Sponge assorted .1. ..T ounces
Stethoscopes Cammann's double .number
Syringes hard-rubber 8-oz do
Syringes hypodermic do
Syringes vaginal rubber . .... do
Thermomet ers, clinical do
Thread cotton spools, assorted ... ... ...... number
Tourniquets field ... . . do
Tourniquets, screw, with pad do .
Trusses single number
Wax white in paper . . . do
MISCELLANEOUS.
Corkscrews do . .
27
8,537
39
17
8
5
24
13
14
15
86;;
27
17
5
21
13
14
15
863
5 25
4
12
18
15
60
44
Corks velvet best assorted . dozen
Dippers tin, assorted number
Dispensatory copies
[Funnels tin pint number
Hones do
M easures, graduated, glass, 4 oz do. .
Measures, graduated, glass, minim do. .
Measures tin pint and quart do
Mortars and pestles, wedge wood, 3 J to 8 iu ' . . do
Mosduito nettinc . . ... yards .
FOR MEDICAL SUPPLIES FOR ^DIAN SERVICE.
491
Abstract of proposals received and contracts awarded in Xew York City, under advertisement
of April 23, 1884, for medical supplies for the Indian service— Continued.
[NOTK.— Figures in large type denote the rates at which contracts have been awarded ; awards were
made on comparison of samples which accompanied bids.]
MEDICAL SUPPLIES— continued.
Quantity oflfered.
Quantity awarded.
John McKesson.
W. H. Schieffelin.
Wm. W. Wright.
George H. Shafer.
Points of delivery.
New York.
New York.
New York.
1
MISCELLANEOUS— continued.
24
73
898
1,478
5
25
29
7
944
1,509
1,909
1,460
352
69
58
108
516
153
72
19
594
42
504
41
45
52
137
28
31
348
8
1
2
24
5
4
7
108
16
48
4
8
14
166
2
24
2
128
1
1
1
24
73
898
1,478
5
25
29
944
1,509
1,909
1,460
69
58
108
516
153
72
92*
19
594
42
504
2,163
27
41
45
52
137
28
31
348
8
1
2
24
5
4
7
108
16
48
8
14
24
2
1 28
2
1
6 30
20
28
19
15*
*St
60
60
14
10
10
7
4 75
1O
30
8 OO
25
1 10
1 20
9
16 75
2 12
2
10
6 50
60
si
40
10
40
20
3
I1
2
12
45
2
40
11
1 30
3
12
20
70
55
$0 19i
1
4?*
6 60
15
24
20i
17
qi
1
52
55
18
14
10
1
8 10
20
1 05
1 30
10
16 75
2 00
2
10J
700
90
7
40
10
40
25
7
1
12
47
2
40
15
3 00
6
15
15
60
60
Paper" litmus "blue and "red" 'of each . . sheets
Pill boxes £ paper ^ turned wood dozen
Pill tiles 5 to 10 inches number
Scales, Troemner's dispensing (new) do. .
$670
Vials 6-oz dozen .
Vials 4-oz do
Vials 2-oz . .. do..
Vials 1-oz do
ADDITIONAL ARTICLES.
Aquit'olium, Berb'eris, fluid extract, 16-oz. bott . . .Ibs.
Potassa, bicarb., in 8-oz. g. s. w. m. botts — .ounces
R ice .... pounds
Syringes Mattson's family number
A sp i ra tor s number
Caacara sagrada, fluid extract, in Ib. bott. . .pounds
Cannabis Indica, fluid extract, 4-oz. bott ounces.
Gentian, alcoholic extract, 1-oz. jars ounces.
Gentian tinct., comp 1-lb. bottles pounds.
$050
Hypophos., 1. s. i and p., syr. of, 1-lb. bott do. .
<j auoranai, nu*a extract, » oz. Don ies
Myrrh tinct in 4-oz bottles do
Resin pounds
Stilling'ia, fluid extract, in 4-oz. bottles ounces
Thermometers, mercurial . . .number.
!
Uterine sounds (Sims) do..
A.
Page.
Absentee Shawnees, history and present status of 95
Addresses of Indian agents 349
members of Board of Indian Commissioners 348
special Indian agents and inspectors 348
Agencies, list of, formerly assigned to religious societies 348
Agency, Sisseton, unfortunately located 52
Agents, Indi«an, addresses of .- 349
special Indian, addresses of 348
Agreement with Chief Moses LII
Alabama 8, statistics in regard to 296
Allen, R. A., Blackfeet Agency, Montana, annual report of 106
Allen, Edward P. , Mackinac Agency, Michigan, annual report of 103
Allotments in severalty and patents XIII
to the Omahas, completion of work of XL VIII, 118
great stimulus to Indian industry 157
desired by Indians of Fond du Lac Reserve, Minnesota . 181
desired by many Indians at Crow Creek, &c. , Agency 27
made to many Indians of Tulalip Agency, "Washington Territory 169
should be given to Round Valley Indians 16
made to Indians of Quapaw Agency, Indian Territory 91
some of the Oneidas of Green Bay Agency, very anxious for 177
to Indians of Sisseton Agency 49
made to many of the Indians of Mackinac Agency 103
made to several Salmon River Indians of Siletz Agency, Oregon 146
of land and citizenship of San tees 122
for Indians of Rosebud Agency, plan suggestedfor 43
should be given to the different bands of Indians of San Carlos Agency '.
should be made to Pillagers of Leech Lake Reserve, Minnesota 105
in Nebraska to half-breeds, lowas much opposed to 04
(See Homesteads and Patents.)
Alseas, statistics in regard to 296
Andrews, D. P. , Green Bay Agency, "Wisconsin, annual report of 177
Animals, work, at Sac and Fox Agency, Indian Territory, old and almost useless 96
good, needed at Shoshone Agency, Wyoming 183
needed at Blackfeet Agency, Montana 108
small number issued in June to Devil's Lake Indians ,. 32
Annuities issued to Indians, of La Pointe Agency ., 179
Annuity goods and clothing issued in exchange for work to Hoopa Indians 10
payment made to Sacs and Foxes of Indian Territory in June XXV, 93
payments to Indian tribes XXV
Apaches, Jicarilla, statistics in regard to 294,312
Mescalero, statistics in regard to 294,312
of San Carlos Agency will very soon be self-sustaining 8
statistics in regard to 284,290,304,308
Apprentices in various trades at Round Valley Agency making progress 16
limited number at Chilocco school, Indian Territory, doing well 210
Appropriation for Indian education at Hampton Institute, protest against arbitrary reduc-
tion of XXI, 191
made for removal of Bitter Root Valley Indians to Flathead Reservation 114
of $1,000 asked for road from Siletz Agency to Newport, Oregon 146
$3,000 all that Congress makes for support of Tonka was, of Texas 154
$10,000 expended for benefit of Turtle Mountain Indians and half-breeds ... 34
special, needed for Grand Ronde Agency, Oregon
Appropriations, for expenses of Indian service, inadequate Ill
Indian service, suggestions as to manner of making V
subsistence of Indians in Montana, Congress makes inadequate V, 115
Arapahoes, of Indian Territory, present status of, &c 73
statistics in regard to 288,300,308,318
Arickarees, statistics in regard to 286,306
Armstrong, H. J., Crow Agency, Montana, annual report of
Armstrong, S. C., Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute, annual report of 189
Arms, ammunition, and liquor to Indians, Congress urged to legislate against sale of VH
Arrest and punishment of murderers and horse-thieves at Colville Agency 159
Arrests, only two made at Nevada Agency during year 127
Assinaboines, statistics in regard to 292,312
493
494 INDEX.
B.
Page.
Bannacks, statistics in regard to 288,306
Basket-making might be made pi'ofitable industry at Colorado River Agency 3
Beef and flour only, issued to Indians of Cheyenne and Arapaho Agency 75
cattle at Rosebud Agency, transferred to Pine Ridge Agency 44
should be issued to Tule River Indians for a few years longer 17
Belknap, C. G-., Tule River Agency, California, annual report or 17
Bell, G. W., principal Puyallup school, report of 167
Blackfeet Agency, Montana, annual repart of Agent Allen 106
Indians, of Montana, reduced to starvation 107
statistics in regard to. 292, 310
Blankets, very valuable ones made by Navajo Indians 134
Board of Indian Commissioners, addresses of members of 348
Boat needed for agency use at Colorado River Agency 4
Boundary of Creek and Seminolo Reservations, survey to be made XLVH
Klamath River Reservation should be accurately determined 10
Umatilla Reserve should be resurveyed 147
Yakama Reserve needs resurveying 175
line between Kiowa, &c., and Cheyenne and Arapaho Reservations should be accu-
rately defined . 80
of Crow Creek, &c . , Reservation should be accurately denned 27
of Mescalero Reservation definitely settled 132
(See Survey.)
Bowman, John H., Navajo Agency, New Mexico, annual report of 133
Breaking. (See Land.)
Brick-making by Indian boys at Genoa Industrial School, Nebraska 208
Bridge, new, built by Indians over Williamson River, Klamath Agency, Oregon 142
Buckley, Patrick, Tulalip Agency, Washington Territory, annual report of 169
Buffalo bones, 150 tons sold by Fort Peck Indians during the year 116
extinct on Blackfeet Reservation, Montana 107
Building for school for Moquis Pueblo offered the Government by Thomas V. Keams 137
Buildings, agency, at Cheyenne and Arapaho Agency, number and condition of 76
Devil's Lake dilapidated and uninhabitable 32
Fort Belknap Agency in dangerous condition 116
Grand Ronde Agency, Oregon, uninhabitable, with the exception of two. 141
Hoopa Valley, in very dilapidated condition, repairs greatly needed 12
Navajo Ag ericy condemned long ago, and still bad .' 135
Ouray , of temporary character 155
Ponca, &c., Agency in very poor condition 88
Quinaielt Agency a disgrace to the service 164
Santee Agency generally in good repair, number of, &c 124
Shoshone Agency, Wyoming, unfinished condition of 183
Southern Ute, dilapidated and uninhabitable 19
Tonkawa Agency, Texas, rented from private citiz 3ns 154
Tulalip Agency old and in need of repairs 169
Warm Springs Agency, Oregon almost worthless and in need of repairs. 153
for use of employes needed at Standing Rock Agency 57
imperatively needed at Hoopa Valley Agency 12
needed at Colyille Agency, Washington Territory 161
new, and repairs needed at Silet z Agency, Oregon 146
2 new, erected at Colorado River, this year
at Genoa Industrial School, Nebraska, number, capacity, <fcc 207
mission (Episcopal) , being rebuilt at Santee Agency, Nebraska 123
school, at Klamath Agency, funds needed for enlargement and improvement of 143
at Quinaielt Agency, not well adapted to their use 164
10 at Forest Grove Training School, Oregon 202
C.
Caddoes, statistics hi regard to 290
Calispels, statistics in regard to 298,316
Methows, San Tuells, and Nespilums, of Colville Agency, status of
Cash payments to Indians XXV
Carlisle and Hampton pupils returned to agencies should be assisted in taking farms 76
Training School, fifth annual report of Capt. R. H. Pratt, superintendent 186
$16,509.25 donated to this year 188
pupils from becoming employe1 s at other schools 167
6 pupils return to Sisseton Agency from 50
11 pupils sent from Crow Agency, Montana, to Ill
19 pupils sent from Pawnees of Ponca, &c., Agency 88
48 pupils sent -from Rosebud Agency to.-. 45
Carp pond could be profitably constructed for Indians of Colorado River Agency at small cost.
Cattle, right of Indians of Indian Territory to tax and to prohibit entry of infected XXXIX
trespassing on Southern TJte Reserve 19
thieves at Pima Agency arrested and under bonds for trial
three herds belonging to Indians of Sac and Fox Agency, Indian Territory 96
(See Stock.)
Cattlemen and Southern Utes, trouble between
give much trouble at Sac and Fox Agency, Indian Territory
on Kiowa, Comanche, and Wichita Reservation, trouble with 80
Cayugas, statistics in regard to 294,296,314
Census of Bois Forte Indians, of La Pointe Agency, general condition, &o 179
Indian pupils at Carlisle Training School 186
Chilocco Industrial School, Indian Territory 209
Genoa Industrial School, Nebraska 207
Indians and employes of Crow Creek, &c. , Agency, Dakota 23, 24, 27
at Cass Lake and Winibigosblsh Lake, Minnesota, history of, &c 105
INDEX. 495
Page.
Census of Indians at Colorado River Agency, Arizona 1
Fort Berthold Agency 35
Osage Agency, Indian Territory, status of, <fcc
" VaT
Bound V alley Agency, California 15
Tankton Agency 63
of Blackfeet Agency, Montana 101
Cheyenne and Arapaho Agency, Indian Territory, status of, &o 71, 72
Cheyenne River Agency 20
Colville Agency, Washington Territory 158
Devil's Lake Reservation 30
Green Bay Agency, Wisconsin 177,178
Kiowa, Comanche, and Wichita Agency, Indian Territory, status of, &c. 79
Mission Agency, California .' 12
Neah Bay Agency, Washington Territory 163
Omaha Agency, Nebraska 120
Ouray Agency, Utah 155
Pima, &c., Agency, Arizona 5
Pine Ridge Agency, Dakota 36
Pottawatomie and Great If emaha Agency, Kansas 107
Quapaw Agency, Indian Territory 91
Quinaielt Agency, Washington Territory 164
Sac and Fox Agency, Indian Territory 92
Sac and Fox Agency, Iowa 100
Santee, Flandreau, and Ponca Agency, Nebraska 121, 124
Shoahone Agency, Wyoming 182
Standing Rock Agency, Dakota 53
Tonkawa Agency, Texas 153
Tulalip Agency, Washington Territory 169
Tule River Agency, California 17
Uintah Valley Agency, Utah 156
Union Agency, Indian Territory 98
Warm Springs Agency, Oregon 151
Western Shoshone Agency, present status, &c 130
White Earth Agency, Minnesota, status of , &c 103-106
Navajo Indians (estimated) 133
Southern Utes 18
village Indians between Hoopa and Klamath Reservations should be made 11
Chandler, Elias, Tonkawa, Special Agency, Texas, annual report of 153
Chasta Costas. statistics in regard to 296
Cherokees, statistics in regard to 290, 294, 308, 314
Chehalls, statistics in regard to 298,316
Chetcos, statistics in regard to 296
Cheyenne and Arapaho Agency, Indian Territory, annual report of Agent Dyer 70
Cheyenne River Agency, Dakota, annual report of Agent Swan 20
Cheyennes Northern, statistics in regard to 286, 306
of Indian Territory, present status of, &c 72
statistics in regard to 288,308
Chickasaws, statistics in regard to ... .. 290,308
Chicken-pox, epidemic of, among school children at Western Shoshone 129
Cbilocco Indian training school, first annual report of W. J. Hadley, superintendent 209
13 pupils sent from Pawnees of Ponca, &c., Agency 88
70 pupils sent from Kiowa, &c., Agency 81
Chimehuevas at Colorado River Agency, Arizona, number, status, &c 1
statistics in regard to 284,304
Chippewas located on Turtle Mountain Reserve, 31 families of renegades
Pembina, statistics in regard to 288, 292
permanent reservation made for Turtle Mountain XXXVIII
statistics in regard to 292,300,310,318
Choctaws, statistics in regard to 290,308
Church, 1 (Episcopal) bunt by the Indians at Kiowa, &c., Agency 81
(Catholic) on Red Cliff Reserve, La Pointe Agency, Wisconsin 180
Churches on Sisseton Reservation, 6 Presbyterian and 1 Episcopal 51
Catholic, on each of the 5 reservations of Tulalip Agency, Washington Territory. . . 171
3 (Episcopal) at Santee Agency, Nebraska 123
2 at Standing Rock Agency (Catholic)
Citizens' dress worn by Indians of Nevada Agency, when not toopoor to get it 12b
most of the Indians of Colville Agency, Washington Territory 161
most of the Indians of Lemhi Agency 66
most of the Sioux of Cheyenne River Agency 21
Pima Indians
Citizenship in the ' ' five civilized tribes "of Indian Territory, question of XLIII, 99
most of the Stockbridges of Green Bay Agency, have been admitted to 178
of Indians, suggestions relative to 6t
of Mission Indians under treaty of 1848 14
Red Cliff Indians of Wisconsin should be admitted to full
Civilization, Flathead Indians rapidly advancing in 112
gratifying progress made by Cheyenne River Sioux in
Indians of Quapaw Agency, Indian Territory, well advanced in 90
of Indians of Ponca, &c., Agency, chief obstacles to 84,85
Pottawatomie and Great Nemaha Agency, Kansas, in advanced stage. . . 101
Sac and Fox Agency, Iowa, progress in 101
Standing Rock agency, progress in 54
paid labor and good faith surest means of solving problem of
suggestions of General S. C. Armstrong relative to 201
ofNezPerces, status of 67
496 . INDEX.
Page.
Civilization of Ked Lakes of White Earth Agency, progress in 104
of Shoshones of Wyoming, advancing slowly, reasons therefor 185
progress and present condition of Indians of Yakama Agency in '. 172
rapid and determined progress of Omahas in pursuits of 118
rapid and steady progress of Klamath Indians in 144
steady growth of Warm Springs Indians in 150
Civilized and self-supporting, Umatillas of Oregonare 147
Clackamas, statistics in regard to 296,314
Clark, John W. , Colorado River Agency, Arizona, annual report of 1
Coal on White Mountain Reservation, Arizona XXXVI, 8
Cceur d'Alenes of Colville Agency, the most civilized Indians in the Northwest 159
statistics in regard to 298, 316
Colorado River Agency, Arizona, second annual report of Agent Clark
Columbia Reserve, Indians on, statistics in regard to .-. . 300
Colville Agency, Washington Territory, annual report of Agent Waters , - . 158
Colvilles, statistics in regard to 298,316
Comanches, statistics in regard to 290,308
Commissioner, special, investigates coal-fields on San Carlos Reserve, Arizona XXXVI, 8
Concows, statistics in regard to 284, 304
Congress adopts pernicious policy towards Indians of Yakama Agency 173
fails to make appropriation for supplies for Mescalero Agency. Trouhle results 133
fails to take action relative to removal of Spokan Indians, Washington Territory 159
makes arbitrary reduction of allowance for Indian education at Hampton school XX, 190
makes magnificent appropriation of $3,000 for "support, civilization, and education "
of Tonkawas, of Texas 154
makes small appropriation for Moquis Pueblos 138
offers a premium to trouhlesome Indians 134, 154
responsible for half-starved and demoralized Indians of Western Shoshone Agency. 129
shows great apathy in regard to education of Indians 189
"spasmodic economy" of, as applied to Indian service 164
to blame for deplorable and suffering condition of Indians in Montana 115
urged to adopt humane and common-sense policy towards Indians 130, 185
urged to legislate against sale of arms, ammunition, and liquor to Indians VII
Congressional interference, Winnebagoes the victims of political scheming and injudicious. . . 119
Consolidation of Moquis Pueblo Agency with the Navajo 136
Contracts awarded for Indian supplies, table 352
Coos, statistics in regard to 296
Coquills, statistics in regard to 296
Council held with Indians of Sisseton Agency, by special commissioners, in May, 1884 51
Councilmen, permanent Board of, at Pine Ridge Agency.
Court of Indian offenses a failure at Pine Ridge Agency from an inherent defect 40
at Devil's Lake Agency working well
Mescalero Agency organized, but not yet in working order 133
Nez Perce Agency doing excellent work 67
Santee Agency doing effective service ; 33 cases 124
Standing Rock organized and working well 56
129
doing effective service at Omaha Agency, Nebraska 118
effort made to establish 2 at Ponca, &c., Agency 85
established and working well at TJmatilla Agency, Oregon 148
established at Klamath Agency, Oregon 143
established on White Earth Reservation and working well 104
has not been established at Cheyenne and Arapaho Agency 76
impracticable at Hoopa Valley Agency 10
Indians will not serve without pay XI, 64, 118, 154
its working at different agencies, &c IX-XI
not established at Rosebud Agency
not yet established at Fort Hall Agency 64
not organized on Red Lake and Leech Lake Reserves, Minnesota 104
organized at Round Valley Agency 16
organized at Warm Springs Agency, Oregon but is not what those
Indians need : 152
working admirably at Carlisle training school 189
working well at Fort Peck Agency, Montana 117
Supreme, dismisses appeal concerning ' ' swamp land on Round Valley Reserve
Courts, United States, in Oregon, trial of liquor dealers a mere farce in 148
"Cowboys" really do good public service in some parts of Montana 114
Cramsie, John W., Devil's Lake Agency, Dakota, annual report of 30
Creeks, statistics in regard to '. 290,308
Crickets damage agency and school gardens at TJmatilla Agency, Oregon
Crime less among the 17,000 heathen Navajos than in ordinary civilized community 130
very little at Quapaw Agency considering absence of law
Crimes and depredations, very few committed by Indians at Leinhi Agency
at Cheyenne and Arapaho Agency, very few reported
at Colville Agency during year, murder and horse-stealing
at Flat head Agency of rare occurrence 113
in Indian Territory lareely the result of want of proper laws
no serious ones among Indians of La Poiute Agency 182
(See Murder.)
Crops at Colorado Agency destroyed by flood
Crow Creek, &c., Agency, affected by drought
Kiowa, Coiaancho, and Wichita Agency much injured by drought
Klamath Agency much injured by late'frosts and ground squirrels
New York Agency a complete failure, owing to wet season 140
Pima Agency good in spite of floods
San Carlos Agency excellent in spite of floods
Sisseton Agency very good
Union Agency promise abundant yield 100
INDEX. 497
Page.
Crops at Yakama Agency not as «ood as usual on account of drought 171
of Coeur d'Alenes of Colvilie Agency excellent 159
Eastern Cherokees somewhap affected by wet season 140
Indians at Fort Bertholcl very good , 35
Fort Hall Agency much injured by hail-storm in July '.' 64
Grande Ronde Agency, Oregon, promise well .' 141
Lemhi Agency, estimate of 66
Rosebud Agency generally good 43
Siletz A gency. Oregon, estimate of 145
Standing Rock Agency very good 53
Umatilla A gency abundant and unusually good 147
"Warm Springs Agency, Oregon, estimate of 152
Lower Ernies injured by drought 29
Xavajo Indians cultivated under difficulties . 134
Sacs and Foxes, of Indian Territory, almost ruined by drought 93
Iowa, very abundant 100
Otoes and Missourias almost ruined by drought 89
Pawnees much injured b\ floods and drought 87
Round Valley Indians ve'i y fair, though interfered with by trespassers 15
Sioux, at Cheyenne River Agency, very fair 20
Tonkawas ruined by drought 154
raised by Indians, table <xf statistics '304-319
(See Farming and Land.)
Crow Agency, Montana, third annual report of Agent Armstrong 108
Crow Creek-and Lower Brule Agency. Dakota, annual report of Agent Gasmann 23
Crows, removal of. and settlement in Big Horn Valley VIII
statistics in regard to 292,310
D.
Dance, sun, given up at Rosebud Agency, Dakota 48
given up by Indians of Fort Peck Agency 117
given up by Sioux at Pine Ridge Agency, Dakota 37
still practiced by Poncas 85
Dances gradually being given up by Indians of Kiowa, Comanche, and Wichita Agency, 79
Indian, almost entirely abandoned at Standing Rock Agency 54
"religious," in use among Indians of Pott awatomie and Great Nemaha Agency 102
still prevalent among Indians of Cheyenne and Arapaho Agency, Indian Territory 73
war and scalp, given up by Bannacks of Fort Hall Agency, Idaho ." 64
Davenport. George L., Sac and Fox Agency. Iowa, annual report of 100
Death of Cabezon. Mission Indian chief, 140 years of age 14
•• AVhite Thunder,"- at Rosebud Agency, result of inadquate law for punishment of
crime on Indian reservations 46
superstitious customs in connection with, gradually being broken up by agent at Mes-
calei o Agency. New Mexico 133
Deaths among Indian pupils at Chiloccp school, Indian Territory, 2 210
among Indians, table of statistics relating to 286-302, 347
among school children at Quinaielt Agency, Washington Territory, 5 165
at Standing Rock Agency less than births this year, 132 to 167 56
exceeded by births among Poncas 87
Deffenbaugh, G. L. , missionary among Nez Perees, Idaho, report of 69
Delawares, statistics in regard to 290
Depredation claims arising out of Indian wars of 1855, 1856, and 1878, forwarded from Umatilla
Agency 149
of I860-' 65, by citizens of California for damages by Hoopas and Klamaths. . 11
Depredations, Indian, rewarded by Government 19
on Indian lands XVI
(See Intruders and Tresspassers.)
Devil's Lake Agency, Dakota, third annual report of Agent Cramsie 30
Diphtheria, epidemic in village of Lac du Flambeau Indians, La Pointe Agency 181
Diseases among pupils at Cheyenne River Agency, measles and simple meningitis 20
Indians of Fort Belknap Agency, chiefly venereal 115
Cheyenne and Arapaho Agency, chiefly syphilitic 74
Cheyenne River Agency, bronchitis, eye affections, and eczema .. 21
Mesc-alero Agency, chiefly scrofulous 132
San Carlos A gency, chiefly malarial and venereal 9
Yank ton Agency, chiefly of scrofulous nature 63
statistics relating to.. 338-347
(See Health and Sanitary.)
Drunkenness a thing unknown at Pine Ridge Agency 42
(See Intemperance and Liquor.)
Durtee, W. R.. La Pointe Agency, Wisconsin, annual report of 178
Dyer, D.B., Cheyenne and Arapaho Agency, Indian Territory, annual report of 70
E.
Eastern Cherokee Agency, North Carolina, second annual report of Agent Gibson 140
Cherokees, the Hester roll of LI
Education, compulsory, at Osage Agency very successful 82
recommended for Red Lake Indians 104
urged by agent of Pueblo Ind ians, New Mexico 139
domestic, of Pohca women undertaken by the Woman's Indian Rights Association. 86
of their children, Moquis Pueblos very anxious for the 137
(See Schools.)
Educational matters at Omaha Agency, history of 119
reports of Hampton Institute T 195-199
4266 IND 32
498 INDEX.
Page,
Educational work at Hoopa Valley Agency, practical results far from encouraging 1C
work Pine Ridge Agency, results of. ... ... I 39*
'work the great object at Siletz Agency at present 146"-
Eells, Edwin, Nisqually and S'Kokomish Agency,' Washington Territory annual report of.. . 166
Employe force at Colville Agency, Washington Territory, inadequate 158
Neah Bay, inadequately paid ' 164
Employes, additional, greatly needed during planting season at Crow Agency, Montana 110
at Crow Creek, &c.. Agency faithful and efficient 29'
Forest Grove training school, Oregon, reports of various , 203-207
Hoopa Valley Agency faithful and efficient, though inadequately paid
Pine Ridge faithful and efficient. 42
Ponca, &c., Agency faithful and efficient 88
Quinaielt Agency faithful and efficient 16i
Shoshoue Agency, Wyoming, good but underpaid 184
Siletz Agency generally iaithful and efficient 146
Indian, at Genoa industrial school from Carlisle school, Pennsylvania 207
Nez Perce Agency doing very good service '. 68
Sac and Fox Agency doing ) emarkably well 98
only f> allowed at Tulalip Agency 170'
school at Omaha Agency, Nebraska, roster of 120
Standing Rock Agency, roster of
Yankton Agency, roster of 63
2, assigned to Fond du Lac Reservation, La Pointe Agency 181.
white, or ly 3 at Westi ru Shoshoue Agencx , Nevada l'>
English language, Oneidas of Green Bay slow in learning 178
well spoken by Santee school children 123
Euchres, statistics in regard to ... .. .. 296-
Executive order of January 17, 1883, enlarging Fort Supply Military Reservation, Indian Ter-
ritory 255-
July 17, 1883. establishing Fort Reno Military Reserve, Indian Territoy. . . 254
November 15, 1888. enlarging aud defining present Gila River Reserve, Ari-
zona . . 252
January 9, 1884, canceling order of July 6, 1883. and defining Yurna Reserve,
Arizona .' 325
January 9, 1884, transfer-ring Fort Yuma Military Reserve, Arizona, to In-
terior Department
March 20, 1884, restoring to public domtain certain executive additions to
Great Sioux Reservation, Dakota
March 29, 1884, restoring portion of Turtle Mountain Reserve, Dakota, to
public domain 253.
May 14, 1884, restoring Jicarilla Reserve, New Mexico, to public domain.. . 255
May 17, 1884, amending executive order of January 6, 1880, relative to Na-
vajo Reserve, New Mexico .... 255-
May 17, 1884, setting apart and defining Navajo Reserve in Arizona and
Utah 1 252
June 3, 1884, amending executive order of March 29, 1884, relative to Tur-
tle Mountain Reserve, Dakota 253
July 12, 1884, .setting apart ret-ervation for Chiloceo Indian school, Indian
Territory 255-
October 3, 1884, establishing Albuquerque School Reserve, New Mexico...
F.
Farm, agency, at Hoopa Valley moderately successful
of 157 acres purchased for Carlisle school, Pennsylvania. 181
Farms for Southern Utes, 4, opened during yea r
Farmer, additional, much needed at Colville Agency, Washington Territory 161
Fanners, additional, 3 appointed for Pine Ridge Agency
3 1 o be appointed for Rosebud Agency, Dakota
and herders, Indians of Nevada Agency are good
Coeur d'AJenes of Colville agency are admirable and successful 159'
Grande Roude Indians. Oregon, are very good
many Indians of Tulalip Agency are excellent and thrifty
Omahas are excellent
practical, needed at Blftckfnet A iiency to teach the Indians . 108
25 needed to instruct Indians of Cheyenne and Arapaho Agency, Indian Ter
W esteru Shoshones are very good
"Winnebagoes are many of them .good 119*
Farming and stock-raising by Poncas
Indians of Quapaw Agency steadily improving in
at Colorado River Agency almost impossible for want of proper irrigation
at Siletz Agency, results of
attempted by Shoshoues of Wyoming in a small way
Blackfeet Indians willing to learn, but need much instruction in 107
by Absentee Shawuees of Sac and Fox Agency, Indian Territory, very successful..
by Crows of Montana quite successful 10&
by Devil's Lake Indians, results of
by Indians of Cheyenne and Arapaho Agency, desultory character of
Crow Creek Agency, Dakota 25, 28
Fort Hall Agency, commendable progress in
Kiowa, Comanche, and Wichita Agency
Lemhi Agency very successful
Mescalero Agency fairly successful 132
Nez Perce Agency, good crops, &c
Osage Agency, Indian Territory, chiefly done by the women
Ouray Agency attempted 155
INDEX. 499
Page.
Farming "by Indians of Pine Ridge Agency, results of 38
Quiuaielt Agency, results of 165
Rosebud Agency, results of
Round Valley Agency, results of 15
Sac and Fox Agency, a failure on account of poor land 92
Stan i ling Rock Agency, results of 53
Sisseton Agency, results of 49
Tule River Agency, results of 17
Uintah Valley Agency, results of. 156
Yank ton Agency, encouraging results of 01
Mission Indians very difficult .... 13
Nez Perces of Ponca Agency greatly interfer. d wit'i by drought 90
Oneidas of Green Bay Agency very successful 177
Otoes and Missourias unsuccessful on account of drought 89
Sioux of Cheyenne River Agency, encouraging advancement in 20
Southern Utes, 15 induced to begin .... 18
districts, agent's plan of dividing Pine Ridge Reserve into 38
Indians should be instructed in, by practical white farmers 34
on Red Lake Reserve, Minnesota, mostly left to t lie women 104
operations by Coeur d' Aleu.es of Colville Agency, Washington Territ< ry, report of. . . 161
(See Crops and land.)
Farming implements and machinery at Showhoue Agency, Wyoming, almost worthless 182
and wire for fences needed at Cheyenne and Ar .pabo Agency 72
at Warm Springs Agency. Oregon, poor and old; should be replaced 153
modern improved the most economical for Indians 25
needed by Indians of Ynkaina A gvucy 172^
needed by Paw. ees of Pouca, &c., Agency 88
much needed by Poncas 86
&c., Santees well supplied with 121
scantily supplied to low-as of Sac and Fox Agency, Indian Territory 94
Fence, wire, built to inclose pasture for stock for Indians of Kiowa, Comanche, and Wichita
Agency 79
more than 2J miles built by Indians at Western Shoshoue Agency 128
more than 1,000 acres inclosed »y Indians of Mescalero Agency 132
30 miles long built at Rosebud Agency. 44
Fences, -wire, authorized by Department for grazing lauds, Osage Reserve 83
Fencing made by the Indians during the year, table 301-319
Fire-arms should not be allowed Lower Brules 28
sale of, to Indians should be prohibited by la w VII
Fisheries of Columbia River and Oregon Indians, fraudulent treaty relative to 152
Indians of Xevada Agency very valuable 127
Fishery rights of Indians of Yakama Agency invaded 175
Fishing and logging by Shpalwater Bay Indians of Quinaieit Agency 165
the chief means of support of 'Indians of .Neah Bay Agency 163
Flandreau Indians of Sautee Agency, history and present condition of 124
Flathead Agency, Montana, eighth annual report of Agent Ronan Ill
Flatheads, statistics in regard to 292, 310
Flood at Colorado River Agency, damage done by 2
Pima Agency, damage done by 6
Floods at San Carlos Agency do much damage in February and March 7
destroy crops of Ouray Indians on White River, Utah 155
Forest Grove' Training School, Oregon, pupils sent from Nisqually, &c., Agency, to 167
annual report of H. J. Minthorn, superintendent 202
public opinion in favor of 203
FortBelknap Agency, Montana, fifth annual report of Agent Lincoln 114
Fort Berthold Agency. Dakota, annual report of A gent Gilford 35
Fort Hall Agency, Idaho, annual report of Agent Cook . 63
Fort Peck Agency, Montana, second annual report of A. gent Snider 116
Freedmeu in Indian Territory, status of '. XLV
Freighting and other work done successfully by Indians of Nevada Agency, Nevada 128
by Indians of all the tribes of Ponca, &c., Agency '. 90
Cheyenne a~nd Arapaho Agency, Indian Territory 75
Kiowa, &c , A gnu cy gratifying results of '. 80
Lemhi Agency, Idaho ". 66
Xez PercS Agency. Idaho, results of fig
Rosebud Agency very profitable 44
Sac and Fox Agency.' ladiau Territory, difficulties in the way of 97
Uintah Valley Agency — 157
Shoshone Agency, Wyoming, of all agency supplies from Rawlins. .. 184
Kaws at Osage Agency #3
Klamath Indians, Oregon, results of J44
Pine Ridge Indians a very profitable business ,. 38
Funds of Senecas of New York squandered in useless legislation 140
Furs, robes, &c., getting very scarce at Shoshoue Agency, Wyoming 184
Galise Creek Indians, statistics in regard to 296
Gambling among Indians of Colville Agency uiwaleut 160
Lemhi Agency prevalent 66
Nez Perce Agency, Idaho, prevalent to some extent as
Sac and Fox Agency almost universal 97
still prevalent to some degree among Fort Hall Indians 65
Game almost extinct in Texas ; 154
on Shoshoue Reserve, Wyoming 132
none to speak of on Southern Ute Reservation ~ 19
500 INDEX.
Page.
Game on Crow reserve, Montana, extinct , 108
virtually extinct in Montana 116
Gardner, J. F., Ouray Agency, Utah, aunnal report of 155
Gasmann, John G., Crow Cieek, &c , Agency, Dakota; annual report of 23
Genoa Industrial Training School, Nebraska, annual report of S. F. Tappaii, superintendent . . 207
Geaner, Alonzo, Warm Springs Agency, Oregon, annual report of 150
Gifford, Abram J., Foil Berthold Agency. Dakota, annual /report of 35
Gibson, Samuel B., Eastern Cherokee Agenc.v, North Carolina, annual report of 140
Government, dual, at Indian agencies, demoralizing to the Indians 8
Government, self, by Indians at Yakama Agency, system of 176
well organized, in operation for 12 years at Grand Ronde Agency, Oregon. . . 142
Grand Ronde Agency, Oregon, thirteenth annual report of Agent Sinnott .' 141
Indians of Oregon, civilized, industrious and thrifty 141
statistics in regard to 296,314
Grasshoppers damage crops at "Western Shoshone Agency, Nevada 128
Gray's Harbor Indians, statistics in regard to 298,316
Grazing lease granted by lowas of Sac and Fox Agency, Indian Territory, to Messrs. Pickett
& Townsend 94
granted by Southern Utes not recognized by Government ' 19
made by Pottawatomies to T. J. Anderson Company 102
of large part of reservation made by Pawnees 88
Grazing leases by Indians of Osage Agency very profitable 83
of Ponca, &c., Agency quite profitable 90
legislation in regard to, needed , XIII
stock on Cheyenne and Arapaho Reservation, not altogether profitable to cattlemen. . 74
Green Bay Agency, Wisconsin, second annual report of Agent Andrews 177
Gregory, Henry E., Lower Brule Agency, Dakota, report of 29
Gros Ventres, statistics in regard to 286,292,306,312
Gull Lake Indians of White Earth Agency, Minnesota number and status of 106
H.
Hadley, W. J., Chilocco Industrial School, Chilocco, Indian Territory, annual report of. 209
Half-breeds at Cheyenne and Arapaho A geucy have good farms 73
located on Turtle Mountain Reserve, about 1, 200, in wretched condition 34
none among Tnle River Indians under 10 years of age
not more than half a dozen among Uintah Valley Indians 158
of Oaage Agency have large corn farms 82
Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute, annual report of S. C. Armstrong, principal 189
pupils from Fort Berthold at -« 36
from Standing Rock at :. 56
students return to Lower Brule Agency from . . 30
Harries, John, Lemhi Agency, Idaho, annual report of
Haury, S. S., missionary among Cheyennes and Arapahpes, report of
Health of Indian pupils at Carlisle better than ever before. 187
Chilocco Industrial School very good 210
Genoa Industrial School, Nebraska, very good -. 209
Hampton Institute remarkably good 194
Indians of Cheyenne and Arapaho Agency good, considering their habits, &c 74
Cheyenne River Agency good 20
Colville Agency generally good 160
Fort Belknap Agency steadily improving 115
Kiowa, & c., A gency good
Lemhi Agency very good
Jfeah Bay Agency improving v 163
Nez Perce agency excellent ;
iNisqually Agency, Washington Territory, fair 167
Ouray Agency good 155
Round Valley Agency improving
Sac and Fox Agency, Iowa, very good '. 101
Shoshone Agency, Wyoming, very good 185
Siletz Agency better than last year 146
Standing Rock Agency good • 56
Toukawa Agency, Texas, better than in previous years
Uintah Valley Agency very good 158
Umatilla Agency generally good
Western Shoshone generally good
White Earth Agency slowly improving 104
Yankton Agency generally good
Mission Indians generally good
:Nez Perces in Indian Ten itory improving
Otoes and Missourias poor
Poncas very good
Tule River Indians improving yearly 18
(See Disease and Sanitary.) .
Herd, Agency Ponca, &c., size of
of 11 cattle purchased for school at Quinaielt Agency
Herds of Uintahs on White River, Utah, should be increased by a few hundred heifers
Pottawatomies increasing and well cared for 101
Hohs, statistics-in regard to 298,316
Homestead entries, Indian -X.II
system the best for Crows, of Montana Ill
Homesteads, Indian, at Brown Earth settlement, Sisseton Agency, condition of
entered at Colville Agency under act of March 3, 1884
100 taken up by Crows of Montana 109
(See Allotments and Patents.)
INDEX. 501
Page.
Hoopa Valley Agency, California, annual report of Acting Agent Porter . 9
Hoopas statistics in regard to ' 284, 304
Hop-picking by Indians of Nisqually, &c., Agency, Washington Territory , 166
Horse-stealing, none by Indians of Fort Belknap Agency for more than a year past. 115
one case at Leinhi \gency, Idaho .... 1 ... - 66
on Fort Belknap Agency suppressed by "cowboys " 114
raids made upon Tonku'wa Agency, Texas!
Hospital for the old and intimi much needed at Santee Agency. 125
needed at Cheyenne and Arapaho Agency
Cheyenne River Agency *
Kiowa, &c., Agency, Indian Territory 81
Klamath Agency. Oregon 145
Rosebud Agency, Dakota 47
Standing Rock Agency 06
Shoshone Agency, Wyoming - 185
for Mission Indians', California .- 14
House and allotment owned by eacli family of Grand Ronde Indians 141
agent's, built by Indians at Kiowa, &c., Agency
guard, much needed at Cheyenne River Agency, Dakota :
much needed at Southern Ute Agency, Colorado 18
Houses for Alseas, 9 built at Siletz Agency, Oregon 146
for Indians, 26 built at Osage. Agency , 83
hewn log, built f«>r themselves by Fond du Lac Indians 181
log, 16 built by Indians at, Fort Hall Agency 64
18 new, .built by Flathead Indians 112
35 built for themselves1 b v Lower Brul6 Indians 29
52 built for Crows by Special Agent Milbuin 109
100 built by Sioux at Pine Ridge Agency this year 37
150 built by Gros Ventres and Assinaboines of Fort Belknap Agency 114
175 built by Indians of Fort Peck Agency, Montana 116
200 built and improved by Indians at Rosebud Agency 46
5 built by Indians of Warm Springs Agency, Oregon 152
25 built by JS a vajos this year 135
20 being built for Ponca Indians at Santee Agency 124
77 built and repaired for Sisseton Indians, and more needed 52
of Moquis Pueblos, built of hewn stone and very ancient 136
(See Improvements )
Hualapais, statistics in regard to 284
Hunt, P. B., Kiowa, Comanche, and Wichita Agency, Indian Territory, annual report of 79
I-
Improvements and additions to buildings at Rosebud Agency 44
repairs in agency building needed at Colorado River Agency 4
Indians needed on agency buildings at Cheyenne and Arapaho Agency 76
Indians to school buildings at Sisseton Agency, estimate of 50
farm, &c., more extensive than ever before at Western Shoshone Agency 128
(See Houses )
Indian industries at Hamp'ou Instit ute. Virginia 191-194
Indians living betu een Hoopa and Klamath River Reservations, present status and needs 11
Inspectors of Indian service, addresses of 348
Intemperance among Indians at Nez Perce Agency prevalent to sojae extent 68
Indians dependent usually upon contiguity of white settlements 1
Indians of Mackiuac Agency decreasing steadily 103
Thief River Indians, Minnesota, prevalence of 105
Uintah Valley Indians caused by one white man 157
Yumas severely punished by Chief Pasqual 1
greatly decreasing among Mission Indians 14
increasing among Bois Forte Indians of La Pointe Agency 179
none among Indians of Fort Hall Agency, Idaho 65
none among the Xavajos .. 134
none at Ouray Agency, Utah 155
none on Western Shoshone Reservation, but much amoiig Indians outside 129
quite prevalent among Indians of Pima Agency, Arizona 6
(See Drunkenness aiid Liquor.)
Intruders and disputed citizenship in the Indian Territory XLILT
at Union Agency increasing rapidly and very troublesome 99
upon Indian reservations, removal by troops a farce 99
wnite, 70 removed from Coeur d'Alene Reserve, Washington Territory 160
(See Depredations and Tresspassers.)
lowas. of Sac and Fox Agency, Indian Territory, history and present status of. . 94
statistics in regard to 290,292,308,310
Irrigating dams and ditches made on Pyramid Lake and Walker Reserves, Nevada 127
14 new ones built by Apaches of San Carlos Agency, Arizona 7
on San Carlos Reservation all destroyed by floods 7
ditch, 2 miles long, made by San Juan's band of Mescaleros 132
8 miles long, made by Indians of Fort Peck Agency 116
much needed on Klamath Reservation 144
ditches needed on Crow Reserve, Montana . 110
Irrigation almost impossible at Colorado River Agency, Arizona, practical suggestions, &c 2, 3
much needed at Blackfeet Agency, Montana 108
J.
Jackson, A. H., agent at Pima, &c., Agency, Arizona, annual report of 5
Jicarilla Apaches, removal to Mescalero Agency, present status, &c 131
502 INDEX.
Page.
John Day Indians, statistics in regard to 296,314
Joshuas, statistics in regard to 296
Jurisdiction over Indian reservations, conflict of departmental 174
K.
Kaws, statistics in regard to 290, 308
Keechies, statistics in regard to 290
Keweahe, statistics in regard to 284
Kickapoo allottees under treaty of 1862 L
Kickapoos, Mexican, statistics 'in regard to 290, 292, 308, 310
King's River Indians, statistics in regard to 284
Kiuney, J. F., Yankton Agency, Dakota, annual report of 57
Kiowa, Comanche, and Wichita Agency, Indian Territory, seventh annual report of Agent Hunt. 79
Kiowas, statistics in regard to . . . ' 290, 308
Klaiuath Agency, Oregon, sixth annual report of Agent Nickerson 142
River Indians ask nothing of the Government hut legal guarantee to their lands 10
Indians in California, allotments should be made to VII
Klamaths, statistics in regard to 286,296,314
Kootenais, statistics in regard to 288, 292, 310
L.
Lahor by Indians should be insisted upon at Cheyenne and Arapaho Agency, Indian Territory. 71, 72
of all kinds performed by Indians of Umatilla Agency, Oregon 147, 148
of all kinds well performed by Grand Roude Indians' 141
of Indian school boys — Otocs and Missourias — very encouraging 89
of Indians of Devil's Lake Agency, results of various kinds of 31
Fort Belknap Agency very creditable 114, 115
Fort Peck Agency, results of 116
Mission Agency, California, the same as that of white men
Nevada Agency, Nevada, results of various kindn of 127
Sac and Fox A gency, Iowa, very encouraging results of 101
San Carlos Agency, creditable results of 7
pupils of Carlisle Training School in shops and school-room 187,188
various kinds by pupils at Genoa Industrial School, Nebraska .208
pupils at Chilocco school, Indian Territory — 210
Navajos, results of 134
Uiutah Valley Indians, results of
engaged in by Indians of Mackiiiac Agency
performed by Indians of Tulalip Agency, results of
performed by Lac tin Flambeau Indians
willingly pei formed by school children atShoshone Agency, Wyoming.
Yainax Indians, Oregon, in lumbe ing, &c., praiseworthy 143
Laborers, Indian, do good service at Devil's Lake Agency
Lac Court Orielles Chippewas, number, status, &c . .'
Lac du Flambeau Chippewas of La Pointe Agency, very littie done for their advancement .. .
Lakes, statistics in regard to 298,316
Land belonging to Mission Indians, nine-tenths of it practically worthless
cultivated by Hoopa Indians, increased acreage of 10
for farming purposes, more wanted by Indians of Nevada Agency than can be had 127
much more should be broken for Indians of Fort Belknap Agency
only 600 acres cultivated by Ft >rt Peck Indians, for lack of seeds
sold in Minnesota, money due Winnebagoea of Omaha Agency, for 119
surrounding Sac and Fox Agency, Indian Territory, not adapted to agriculture
troubles between Absentee Shawnees and Pottawatomies of Sac and Fox Agency
20 acres cultivated by Ponca school-boys, good crops
30 acres cultivated by Indian mission school-boys at Cheyenne and Arapaho Agency
85 acres owned by individual Sacs and Foxes of Iowa 100
100 acres broken at Siletz Agency, Or« gou 145
135 acres under cultivation by Nez Perc6s of Ponca Agency
166 acres broken for Indians of Met-ealero Agency, New Mexico
118 acres broken and planted by 23 Ouray Agency Indians 155
205 acres under cultivation at Lemhi Agency, Idaho
235 acres cultivated by Sacs and Foxes of Iowa this year ....
265 acres under cultivation by Uiutah Valley Indians 156
35u acres broken this \earat 'Si sseton Agency
400 acres more needed for farm purposes of Carlisle school XX, 188
500 acres cultivated by Lower Brtiles ...<
590 acres under cultivation by Indians of Mescalero Agency, New Mexico 132
593 acres under cultivation at Fort Hall Agency, '200 acres broken 64
640 acres sold to town of Pendleton, Oreg., by Umatillas 148
683 acres broken at Devil's Lake Agency . ...
2,000 acres under eultivati >n at Warm Springs Agency, Oregon 152
2, 000 acres on Klamath Reserve could be used for farming if irrigated
1. 350 acres under cultivation oo Siletz Reserve, Oregon 145
12 000 acres under cultivation on Umatilla Reserve 147
(See Crops and Farming.)
Lands, collection of rents for leased, should be taken out of hands of Senecas
in Nebraska, sale of, and allotments in severally to Omaha Indians XLVIII
and Kansas, lowaw anxious to sell their
of Neah Bay Reservation worthless for farming purposes
Sacs and Foxes of Iowa held in trust for them by governor of the State 100
1,000 acres of the best, on Round Valley Reserve, confirmed to settlers by action of
Supreme Court
ownership of disputed, on Mescalero Reservation
tide, of Neah Bay Reserve afford good grazing during summer 163
INDEX. 503
Page.
X, a Pxsinte Agency, Wisconsin, fourth annual report of -A gent Durfee 178
Law, .squaw-men on Indian reservations should be liold amenable to 80
United States, much needed at Sac and Fox Agency, Indian Territory 97
should be extended over Flathead Reservation, Montana 113
should be extended to Indiana as well as whites XIV, 71, 90, 99, 113, 148
Laws and constitution enacted by ludiaus of Sissetou Agency 51
needed for punishment of crimes unionist Indians themselves. XIY
of the States where they live should be extended to Indians 148, 152, 175, 177
specially and urgently needed at Union Agency. Irfdian Territory 100
to cover cases of murder among Indians imperatively needed XIV, 47
Leasing of Indian lauds for grazing purposes XIII
(See Grazing.)
Leech Lake pillagers of White Earth Agency, Minnesota, history and status of 105
Legislation by Congress on important Indian matters much needed XVII, 176
for Indians during first session Forty eighth Congress 213-223
needed in regard to iise of hard cider on Cattaraugus Reserve, New York 140
relative to Indian affairs by Forty-eighth Congress— private acts 222
Leinhi Agency, Idaho, fourth annual report of Agent Harries 65
Lightner, Isaiali, Santee and Flandreau Agency, Nebraska, annual report of 120
.Lincoln, W. L., Fort Belknap Agency, Montana, annual report of 114
Linn, H. C., Pottawatomie and Great Nemaha Agency, Kansas, annual report of 101
.Lipans, statistics in regard to , 296, 316
Liquor dealer arrested at Uintah Valley Agency 157
dealers among Hoopas, 'difficulty in convicting ..."
among Pima Indians, 8 arrested and sent to prison 6
arrested and punished at Leinhi Agency, Idaho
at Sissetou Agency prosecuted ; I broken up 52
at Spokau Falls, Colville Agency, Washington Territory, 5 prosecuted 161
give trouble at Siletz A gency, Oregon 145
law of California working terrible results among Indians 16
traffic almost suppressed at Crow Creek, &c., Agency 27
along line ot railroad very near Western Shoshoue Reservation 129
among Mission Indians the chief obstacle in the way of their advancement 13
among Southern Utes carried on by whites to ajarmiug extent 18
at La I'ointe A gency, very difficult to control 180
at Lemhi Agency still continues, with evil results 66
at Tonkawa Agency. Texas, entirely broken up 154
flourishing among Thief River Indians on Red Lake Reserve, Minnesota 105
in the Indian Territory flourishing 99
on Turtle Mountain Reserve, carried on extensively. 35
still continues among Hoopa Indians 9
(See Intemperance.)
"Little Lake, statistics- in regard to 284,304
Llewellyn, W. H. H., Mescalero, &c., Agency,- New Mexico, fourth annual report of 130
Logging by Indians of Red Lake Reserve, Minnesota, better method suggested' 105
operations by Indians of La Poiute Agency, Wisconsin LIII
Lower Brul6 Agency, Dakota, report of H. E. Gregory, clerk in charge 29
Lumber, 233,000 feet, sawed by Warm Springs Indians % 152
Lumbering, by Indians of Flathead Agency, Montana, very successful * 112
Indians <>f Tulalip Agency, Washington Territory 169
Bad River Indians, ot La Pointe Agency 179
Lac Court Oreilles of La Poiute Agency 180
Menomonees of Green Bay Agency, Wisconsin, recommendations relative to .. 178
(See Timber.)
Lummies, statist ics in regard to 298, 316
X.use, C. P., W hite Earth Agency, Minnesota, annual report of 103
/ M.
Mackinac Agency, Michigan, annual report of Agent Allen 103
Macnootnas, statistics in regard to 296
Madison Indians, statistics in regard to 298, 316
Maudans, .statistics in regaid to 286,306
Marlcopa s, statistics in regard to 284, 304
Marriages, too early, among Indians of Ponca, &c., Agency 85
Martin, S. R., Shoshone Agency, Wyoming, annual report of 182
Mayhugh, John S., Western Slioshono Agency, Nevada, annual report of 128
McCallum, J. G.. Mission Agency, California, annual report of 12
McGillycuddy, V. T., Pine Ridge Agency, Dakota, annual r eport of 36
McLaughlin. James. Standing R'»ck Agency, Dakota, annual report of 52
McMaster, Joseph M., Nevada Agency, Nevada, annual report of 126
Measles, fatal epidemic of, among school children at Colville Agency 160
Medical statistics, table 338-347
Medicine "making" by Indians at Cheyenne and Arapaho Agency, Indian Territory. 78
Medicine men a great hindrance to advancement of Warm Springs Indians 151
among the Hoopas slowly losing influence 9
losing influence at Fort Hall Agency 65
slowly losing influence at Kiowas. Conianche, and Wichita Agency 81
still retain power at Quiuaie.lt. Agency. Washington Territory 165
still retain their influence over Uiutah Valley Indians '....T 158
Menomouees, statistics in regard to 300, 318
Mescalero and Jicarilla Agency, New Mexico, fourth annual report of Agent Llewellyn 130
Methows, statistics in regard to .' 298,316
Makahs, statistics in regard to 298, 316
Mexican Kickapoos of Sac and Fox Agency, Indian Territory, history and present status of .. 94
Miainis, statistics in regard to ' 2JO, 300, 308
.Miles,, L. J., Osage Agency, Indian Territory, annual report of. 1 82
£04 INDEX.
Page,
Mille Lac Indians of White Earth Agency, number, status, &c., of 116
Military force at Fort Reno near Cheyenne and Arapaho Agency, too small 77
government exclusively exercised over 1,500 Indians of San Carlos Agency
influence needed to control " Dog Soldiers " at Cheyenne and Arapaho Agency 72
interference with Indian affairs at Yakarna Agency 174
Mill at Kiowa, <fec., Ainsucy, work suspended on account of boiler giving way 80
grist, at Sautee A gency, closed ; engine has given out 124
needed at Crow Creek, &c , A gency 26
new, much needed in central part of Yakama Agency 176
saw, 240,000 feet lumber sawed by, at Rosebud Agency 46-
Mills at Osage Agency run by the Indians ' S3
at Shoshone Agency, Wyoming, exist only on paper. ".
at Yakama Agency, old and much in need of repairs ., 176
saw and grist, at Fort liei thold Agency, products of.".
at Round Valley Agency, California, products of
Milroy, R. H., Yakanut Agency, Washington' Teriitory, annual rep. rt of 171
Mining excitement on C<vur d'Alene Reserve, Colville Agency, Washington Territory 161
Minthorn, H. J., Forest Grove training school. Oregon, annual report of 202
Mission Agency, California, annual report of Agent McCallum 12
buildings at Santee Agency, destroyed by fire February 17 123
established among Pawnees by the Woman's National Indian Rights Association . . .
Indians in California, Congress urged to pass bill for relief of. XXXVII
statistics in reeard to 284, 304
status and character of
Missionaries (Catholic) doing admhable work among Coeur d'Alenes of Colville Agency 159, 160
(Mennouite and Presbyterian) at Cheyenne and Arapaho Agency doing good work
2 at Cheyenne River Agency (Episcopal and Congregational). ...,.
2 at Sac 'and Fox Agency, Indian Territory • -
2 white and 1 native, at M isqually Agency, Washington Territory 197
3 (2 native) at Crow Creek and Lower Brule Agency (Episcopal) 26 28 .
Missionary at Devil's Lake Agency, report of
Lower Brule Agency, a full- blood Santee-Sioux Indian
(Congregational) at Cheyenne River A gency, report of
(Episcopal) at Cheyenne River Agency, report of
(Mennouite) at Cheyenne and Arapho Agency, report of
(Methodist) at Klamath A gency, Oregon, report of 144
much needed at Fort Hall Agency, Idaho
none at Fort Belknap Agency
none at Quinaielt Agency, Washington Territory 166
none sent to Round Valley Agency, California
1 at Fort Bert-hold ( A merican M issiouary Association)
1 at Nez Perce Agency, Idaho (Pi esbyterian)
1 at Pine Ridge Agency (Episcopal)
(Catholic) expelled from Rosebud Agency for pernicious teaching
work at Colorado River Agency, Arizona, good field for
Crow Creek, £c., Agency, Dakota, very successful, in charge of Episcopal
church : :... ;..'
Devil's Lake, in charge of Catholic Church
Fort Bert bold seems progressive ..-.
Fort Feck A gency in charge of Presbytei ians
Grande Ronde Agency, Or egon, in charge of Catholic Church 141
Kiowa, Comanche and Wichita, Agency'in charge ot Episcopal Church ...
Neah Bay done by Episcopal Church -
Nez Perce Agency, Idaho, report of
Pine Kidge Agency in charge of Episcopal Church
Rosebud Agency, Dakota, in charge of Episcopal Church
Sac and Fox Agency, Indian Territory, report of 97, 98
Sautee Agency, -in charge of Episcopal Chuich and American Missionary
Association
Siletz Agency, Oregon, in charge of Methodists 14fr
Standing Rock Agency, mainly in charge of Catholic Church
Tulalip Agency, in charge of Catholic Church 1~1
Tule River Agency, c iefly done by agent and employes
Warm Springs Agency, Oregon, left entirely to agent and employes
White Earth Agency, very encouraging 104
done by school-teachers among Mission Indians
much needed at Ponca, &c., Agency
none at Lemhi Agency, Idaho
Ouray Agency, Utah
Fort tTall Age.ucy, Idaho
Uintah Valley Agency 158
Osage Agency, India" Territory, though greatly needed
persistently carried on among the Wiunebagoes of Nebraska 119
(See Religious).
Modocs, statistics in regard to 290, 296, 308, 314
Mohaves, Chimehuevas, and Yumas of Colorado River Agency, status of. &c
statistics iu regard t?> 284,30-
Monteith, Charles E., Nez Perce Agency, Idaho, annual report of
Moquis Pueblos, history of, running back three centuries
statistics in regard to 284, 30<
Morality of Indians of Crow Creek, &c. , Agency, very good
Devil's Lake Agency, excellent
Fort Belknap Agency, fair
Fort Hall Agency, Idaho, very high
Hoopa Valley, lo'w,
Mescalero Agency, good WP
Ponca, &c., Agency, better than that of most white communities
INDEX. 505
Page.
Morality of Indians of Quapaw Agency, generally good .......................................
Sac and Fox Agency, Iowa, vef y high ................................. 101
"Warm Springs Agency, Oregon, very high ........................... 158
Mormons have great influence over IT in tab Valley Indians and encourage them in polygamy.. 156
Mortality among Fort Peck Indians great .............................................. 110
Nez Perces, of Joseph's Band, less than in former years ...... ...............
Standing Rock Sioux, leas than last year ....................................
at Iflamath Agency, very great .............................................. 145
(See deaths.)
Moses, Chief, agreement with .................................................................. LII
Muekleshoots, statistics in regard to ...... . ........................................ . ........... 298, 310
Munsees, statistics in regard to .......................... .................... ............... 292, 310
Murder of a white man on Cheyenne and Arapaho Reservation ........................ . ..... XIV, 76
Indian policeman by white men on Uinatilla Reserve ........ ... ...................
Ko-sho-way, chief of Sacs, and Foxes of Missouri, at Pottawatomie Agency, Kansas
two white men by Navajo Indians ..............................................
' l White Thunder " at Rosebud Agency ........................................... XIV, 46
Murders, several at Colville Agency during year .............................................. 159
(See crime)
Muscogees, statistics in regard to .................. . .......................................... 296
Navajo Agency, New Mexico, annual report of Agent Bowman ..... •- .........................
Navajoes, a nomadic and primitive people ...................................................... 135-
statistics in regard to ............................................................. 294,31'
Neah Bay Agency, Washington Territory, annual report of A gent "Wood .....................
Nevada Agency, Nevada, annual report of Agent McMaster ..................................
New York Agency, >7ew York, annual report of Agent Peacock .............................. 139'
Nez Perce Agency, I aho, third annual report of Agent Monteith ............................
Nez Perces of Joseph's Band at Ponca, <fec., Agency compare well with any white community. . 89-
statistics in regard to ................. . ..................................... 288,290,306,308
Neztuccas, statistics in regard to .............................................................. 296
Nickerson, Linus M. , Klamath A gency , Oregon, annual report of . . . . .....................
Nisqually and S'Kokoniish Agency, Washington Territory, fourteenth report of Agent Eells.. 166
Nisquallies. statistics in regard to ................................................. , ............ 298,316
Northern Cheyennesof Pine Ridge Agency, status of .......... . .............................
statii-tic.s in regard to .................................................... 286,306
Nultonatnas, statistics in regard to .................................................... . ..... 296
O.
O'Kanagans of Colville Agency raising stock and doing well .................................. 159
statistics in regard to ...................................... ...................... 298, 31fr
Oklahoma lands, proclamation of the President in regard to settlement of .................... 222
Old Town Indians, statistics in regard to .................... ..... .................. 300
Omaha and Winnebago Agency, Nebraska, third annual report of Agent "Wilkinson ....... ... 117
Omahas of Nebraska, history and present status of ............................................ 118
statistics in regard to ............................................................... 294, 312
Oneidas, statistics in regard to .................................. . ........... ..... ...... 294,300,314,318
O'Neil, James, farmer Coeur d' A16ue Reserve, report of ...................................... 161
Onondagas, statistics in regard to ........................................ ......... ....... 294, 314
Osage Agency, Indian Territory, sixth annual report of Agent Miles ..........................
Osages, statistics in regard to ____ ................... ...................................... 290, 308
Otoes and Missourias of Ponca, &c., Agency, status and condition of ......................... 88
statistics in regard to ............................. . .................. 290, 308
other Indians settled among lowas of Sac and Fox Agency ......................... 94
Ottawaa, statistics in regard to ......... ...... .................................... . . .290, 292, 308, 310
Ouray Agency, Utah, annual report of Agent Gardner ........................................ 155
Oxen, work, 50 yoke distributed among Indians of Rosebud Agency.. ........................ 44
P.
Pah-Utes and Pi-Utes and their two reservations included in Nevada Agency, Nevada ........ 126
statistics in regard to .......................................... '. .................. 294,312
Pah-Vants, statistics in regard to ........................................................... 298
Pap^gos of Pima Agency ..................................................................... 7
statistics in regard to ................................................................ 284, 304
Patents for allotments to lands of Nisqually, &c . Agency, claims forwarded to Department for. 166
80-acre tracts, 20 issued to Bad River Indians, Wisconsin, this year ............... 179
lands, 77 issued to Lac Court d'Oreilles .............. . ............................ 180-
their lands should be given Mission Indians .................................... 13
(See Allotments and Homesteads).
Patten. Warren, Southern TJte Agency, Colnrado, annual report of ..................... ....... 18
Pawnees of Ponca, &c. Agency, general status and condition of ............... ...............
statistics in regard to ... ............................. . . . . .......... 290, 3o8
Payne, •" Oklahama," makes his. usual semi-annual raid into Indian Territory ........... 99
Peacock, W., New York Agency, New York, annual report of ............................... 139"
Pendleton, Oreg., buys portion of Umatilla Reserve for town purposes ........................ LII
Pend d'Oreilles, statistics in regard to ...... * ......................................... 288, 292, 31fr
Penetheka Comanches, statistics in regard to .................................................. 290
Peorias, statistics in regard to ...... . ........................................................ 290,308
Physician at Hampton Institute, annual report of ............................................ 194
Klamath Agency, Oregon, report of ..................... ..... ................... 145-
Mescalero Agency, New Mexico, report of ...................................... 131.
506 INDEX.
Page.
Physician at Pine Ridge A geucy, Dakota, annual report of 211
Rosebud Agency. Dakota, report of 47
needed at Eastern Cherokee A gency, North Carolina 141
none assigned to La Pointe Agency 181
at Tonkawa A gency Texas 1 55
at Western Shoshono Agency, Nevada 128
Uintahs gaining confidence in agency 158
Physicians, assistant, two needed at Pine Ridge A gency 40
two' belonging to Msqually Agency, Washington Territory 167
Piegans, statistics in regard to 292, 310
Pierce, Frank, Uintah Valley Agency, Utah, annual report of clerk in charge 155
Pima, Maricopa, and Papago Agency, Arizona, annual report of Agent Jackson 5
Piinas of Pima Agency, status, <fcc , of . '. 5, 6.
six killed by falling off railroad trains 6
statistics in regard' to .' ... 284, 304
Pine Ridge Agency, Dakota, sixth annual report of Agent McGillycuddy C9
Pitt lliver Indians, statistics in regard to 284,304
Piutes, history of, in connection with Yakama Agency, Washington Territory 175
statistics in regard to ' 294, 296, 29«, 312
"Planting out" of pupils of Carlisle Training School , 186
Police control of Indians should he entirely in hands of Irdian agents
duty at San Carlos Agency performed entirely by military scouts
Indian, a failure at Southern Ute Agency, for want of proper accommodations, &c 19
among Pawnees reasonably effective ...
at Blackfeet Agency, Montana, rapidly improving 107
Cheyenne and Arapaho A gency not well disciplined and not well paid 76
Cheyenne River very efficien t and inadequately paid
Crow, Creek, &c., Agency, doing useful work, (nit should he hotter paid 26, 29
Colorado lliver Agency, excellent moral effect of
Kiowa, &c., Agency, pood, hut would be better if better paid 80
Klamath Agency, Oregon, very useful, but very inadequately paid 143
Lower Brule Agency, force entirely too small
Hescalero Agency very good, hut pay is too small 133
U evada Agency very i-fficient and faithful 127
Nez Perce Agency very efficient, force should be increased 67
Pima A geucy must be better paid or discontinued
Pine Ridge Agency are invaluable and very poorly paid
Pine Ridge decline to act as judges also 41
Quinaielt Agency efficient, but very inadequately paid 165
Shoshone Agency, Wyoming, not supplied with pistols, rations, or anything.
Siletz Agency needs occasional weeding out 146
Standing Rock good, but very inadequately paid
Tulalip Agency very efficient ... 170
Uintah Valley A gency must be paid better to he made effective 157
Union A gency, Indian Territory, very efficient, but should he increased
Western Shoshone Agency have excellent moral effect '.
Yakama Agency very faithful and efficient, hut very poorly paid 175
Yank ton Agency good 61
better pay for them urged. . .XVII, 6, 21, 26, 29, 32, 40, 57, 76, 80, 13 ', 143, 157, 165, 175, 184
discontinued at Lemhi Agency 66
duty required, insufficient pay, &c XVI
increased to 40 at lyosebud Agency, doing effective service
needed at Round Valley Agency 16
none at Sac and Fox Agency, Indian Territory
attempted at Hoopa Valley A gency
of Navajo A gency very efficient 134
Policeman-, Indian, killed in drunken row at Uiutah Valley Agency in June 157
Policy of dual government at Indian Agency causes much friction 8, 9
towards Crow Indians, Government should adopt settled Ill
• towards Indians of Yakama Agency, Congress adopts mistaken 173
Polygamy abandoned by Banuacks of Fort Hall Agency, Idaho
abolished at Devil's Lake Agency
among Indians of Crow Creek Agency gradually diminishing.
encouraged by Mormons among Indians in Utah .
generally practiced among Navajo Indians . 135
still exists to some extent at Ponca, &c., Agency - -
Ponca, Pawnee, and Otoe Agency, Indian Territory, annual report of Agent Scott
Poncas are gradually increasing 'in numbers, general status, &c 86,87
of Santee Agency, history and present condition of 124
statistics in regard to . . . 290, 294, 308, 312
Ponies, raised and sold in large numbers by Pottawatoiuies 102
Population of Indian tribes, table 286-302, 320, 335
Porter, Charles, captain U. S. Army, Hoopa Valley Agency, California, annual report of
Pottawatomie and Great Xernaha Agency, Kansas, sixth annual report of Agent Linn 107
Pottawatomies of Sac and Fox Agency, Indian Territory, history and present status of 95
statistics in regard to. '. 290,292,300,308,310
Potter Valley Indians, statistics in regard to * 284,304
Pratt, Capt. R. H., U. S. Carlisle Indian Industrial School, annual report of 186
Property at Colorado River Agency destroyed by flood in June
condemned, still on hand at Colorado River Agency, Arizona
person, and life, protection of, at Pine Ridge Agency, under Sioux agreement
Proposals received and contracts awarded for supplies for Indian service 352-491
Pueblo Agency, New Mexico, second annual report of Agent Sanchez 136
Pueblos, statistics io regard to 294,312
very degraded and demoralized 138
Pupils from Hampton returned to San Carlos Agency employed as scouts and interpreters.. .
Puyallups, statistics in regard to 298, 318
INDEX. 507
Page.
Juapaw Agency. Ind an Territory, annual report of Special Agent Robb 90
juapaws. st itistics, in regard to 290,308
Jueets, statistics i in regard to 298,316
rajUehfites, statistics iii regard fen 298,316
Juinaielt Agency, Washington Territory, annual report of Agent Willougbby 164
)uiuaielts, statistics in regard to * 298, 316
R.
Raids upon Fort Bert hold Reserve made by Canadian Chippewas 63
Railroad by Oregon Railway and Navigation Company across Umatilla Reserve completed . . 148
needed at Cheyenne and Arapaho Agency, ludian Territory 72
operations in * onuectiou with Indian reservations XXVIII
[Railroads, free travel over, demoralizing to Indians
Handles, new, allot ted.to Indians of Nevada Agency 127
Ration at Standing Rock Agency, reduction of present, recommended 54
Rations, beef, to Shoshones of Wyoming, illogical reduction of - - - - 184
discontinued to all San ten Indians, except school children 121
full, for themselves and f ami lies should be issued to all Indian police 76
limited, issued to Mexican Kickapoos of Sac and Fox Agency. Indian Territory 94
or cash annuities, Navajos do not receive either 133
the only inducement to Hoopa Indian children to attend school 10
Red Lake Reserve included in White Earth Agency, Minnesota. 104
Red Wood, statistics in regard to .... .... T .....284,304
Religion practiced by Indians of Pottawatomie and Great Xemaha Agency peculiar 102
Religious services held by agent and employes at Round Valley Agency, California 16
societies and churches of Cai lisle, Pennsylvania, show great interest in Indian pupils. 188
list of agencies formerly assigned to 346
work among Indians, table of statistics relating' to 286-302
done at Hurupton Institute, report of 199
(See Missionary.)
JRenioval ef all Indians belonging to White Earth Agency tothat reservation recommended 106
Crows to f alleys of Big Horn and Little Big Horn Rivers ' VIII, 108
Jicarilla Apaches to Mescalero Reservation, New Mexico, history of 131
Lower Brul6s, Indians divided on question of 27
renegade Chippewas from Turtle Mountain Reserve strongly recommended
Nisqualh, &c., Agency from Tulalipto Puyallup Reserve, Washington Territory . 166
Sisseton Agency to more? convenient location urged 52
some of the Indians of Pottwatoinie and Great Nemaha Agency, Kansas, to In-
dian Territory advocated 102
Spokans to Co?ur d' A leue Reserve, Washington Territory, urged 159
Tonka was to Indim TYrritorv, preparations for IX, 154
20 Indian families from Bitter Root Valley to Flathead Reservation 113
Western Shoshoue Indians to Fort Hall, decision of Department against 130
. [Reservation, Cheyenne and Arapaho, extent and character of 71
Devil's Lake, extent and character of 30
Fond du Lac, Minnesota, history of ., 181
for Navajos literally a desert ' 133
Fort Hall, history of 63
Grand Portage, La Pointe Agency, history of, number of Indians, &c 181
history of Yankton, suggestions of agent, &c .. .. i.' 59
Indians of Sisseton Agency refuse to sell part of 51
Kaw. practically an inclosed pasture of 50,000 acres 83
Lac Court Oreilles, La Pointe Agency, "Wisconsin, history of 180
Lac du Flambeau, extent and character of 180
Lemhi. history of 65
of Otoes better adapted to stock-raising than anything else 89
Warm Springs Indians, Oregon, better adapted to grazing than farming 151
Red Cliff, Wisconsin, owned in fee by Indians inhabiting it in 80-acre tracts 179
Sissetou. extent ami character of 49
Southern Ute, extent and character of 18
system bad for Crow Indians Ill
Tonkawas of Texas have no . 154
Tuie River, one-half of it worthless laud 17
Turtle M untain, extent and character of 34
Fmatilla, extent and character of 147
Yakama. extent, character, and history of , 171
[Reservations, Executive orders relatinu to 252-225
should be conducted as extensive Government farms 34
too many, included in La Poiute Agency :o receive proper attention 181
Reservoirs at headwaters of Mississippi River, findings of commission on damages, &c XLVII
[Riggs, Alfred L., principal [Normal Training School, San tee Agency, report of 126
Road from Pine Ridge to Rapid City. 100 miles, made, bv Indian teainsters in 3 days 38
wagon, much needed from Siletz Agency to Newport, Oreg . .' 146
wagon, opened through Pine Ridge Reserve under Sioux agreement of 1876 * 40
Robb, W. H., Quapaw Agency, Indian Territory, annual report of 90
Rogue River Ind ans. statistics in regard to 296, 314
Rona-.i, Peter. Flithead Agency, Montana, annual report of Ill
Rosebud Anency, Dakota, annual report of Agent Wright 42
Round Vallejr Agency, California, seventh annual report of Agent Sheldon 15
S.
Sac and Fox Agency, Indian Territory, first annual report of Agent Taylor 92
Iowa, sixth annual report of Agent Davenport 100
508
INDEX.
Page.
Sacs and Foxes of Indian Territory, status and present condition of ........................... 93
statistics in regard to ................................................... 290, 292, 308, 310°
Salmon River Indians, statistics in regard to ............................................... 296
San Carlos Agency, Arizona, second annual report of Agent Wilcox ...... . ....................
Sanchez, Redro, Pueblo Agencv, New Mexico, annual report of ............................... 138
Sandy Lake Indiana of White Earth Agency, number and status of ............................ 106
Sanitary condition of the Indians, general ............................................... ..... XXXV
(See Disease and Health.)
San Poels, statisticsin regard to ........................................................... 298, 316
Santee, Flamdreau, and Ponca Agency, Nebraska, annual report of Agent Lightner ............ J 20
Normal Training School, Santee Agency, report of principal ..................... ____ 12&
Sioux of Nebraska, present status and manner of living ............................... 121
Statistics of results of labor for last 6 years ..................................... 121
School accommodation at Crow Creek. &c., Agency inadequate ................................ 24,28
Albuquertrue Indian, 3 Southern Ute children have died, 24 making good progress ..... 19
at Crow Agency, Montana, small bur very good ........................................ Ill
Fort Belknap Agency fairly well att« ncU-Q ____ ...................... -• ............... 115
Lower Brule Agency, Dakota, average attendance, 28 ..............................
Navajo Agency not a success .. .......................................... 135
San Carlos Agency, establishment of, recommended .................................
VermillioTi Lake, Bois Forte Reservation, well attended ............................ 179
boarding, asked for by Assiuaboines of Wolf Point (Fort Peck Agency), Montana ---- 117
at Fort Bei thold full to overflowing ........... .... ....................
Mescalero Agency in operation for 4 months is full ....................... 133
Pima Agency should be further from agency . . ........................... 6
Pine Ridge a decided success ....................... ....................
Pyramid Lake, Nevada, in successful operation .......................... 127
Quinaielt Agency well attended .................. . .................... ... 164
Uintah Valley Agency open from middle of November till last of June...
Umatilla A geucy very successful ........................................ 149
contract, let for one, on Turtle Mountain Reserve ............................
needed at Rosebud Agency ........................................... .....
to lie established at Lemhi Agency, Idaho ............ ..................... 6fi
2, at Colorado River Agency, Arizona, making gratifying progress ..........
boys' industrial, at Devil's Lake, report of teacher
building and boarding-house furnished at Siletz Agency, Oregon ....................... 146
boarding, burnt at Round Valley Agency in July, 1883 ...... ........
boarding, completed at Klamath Agency, Oregon ; opened 1st February ..... 142
boarding, enlargement of Pine Ridge ................... .....................
burned at Rosebud Agency ...... '... ........ . ............................. 4&
newr, at Shoshone Agency, "Wyoming, finished according to " contract,'' but
nothing but walls and roof ......................... ____ ................... 185
new, much needed at Devil s Lake Agency .................................
new, much needed at Kio wa, Comaiiche, and Wichita Agency ................
new, on White P^arth Reservation ready for occupancy ..................... 103
buildings, additional, urgently needed among Pawnees .............................
and teachers' houses, 2 built at Rosebud Agency, Dakota ...... ..........
at Mackinac Agency, 7 repaired and 3 built during year ....................
at Tulalip Agency, old and in need of repairs ............................ 170
5, at Yankton Agency, average attendance of pupils, &c ....................
5, to be built for Mission Indians in California ............................
3, at Omaha and Wiiinebago Agency, Nebraska ......................... ...
2 new, completed at Flathead Agency, Montana ........................... 113
day, at Tule River Agency for eight and a half months ...............................
at Western Shoshone Agency closed since, May 15 ............................ 129
Catholic Mission, on Red Cliff Reserve, Wisconsin, doing well ..................... 180
(Episcopal Mission), Cheyenne Agency, doing excellent work .....................
on Walker River Reservation, Nevada, in nourishing condition ................... 127
1, at Blackfeet A.gency. Montana ....... ....................................
organized at Quillehute Village, Washington Territory, making good progress ---- 163
6, under Congregational missionary on Cheyenne River Reserve doing well ........
Southern Utes not yet ready for .......... '. ....................................
farm, at Cheyenne River Agency cultivated by Indian boys with fair success .........
Genoa, Nebr., work creditably done by Indian boys ........................
industrial and boarding, at Sin-e-rna sho Valley, Wa.ru Springs Agency, Oregon .......
at Neah Bay doing excellent work . ......................................... 162
boarding, at Fcrt Hall Agency. 32 pupils ...................................
boarding, at Devil's Lake in charge of Sisterhood of Grey Nuns ...........
for Otoes and Missourias moderately prosperous ...... ......................
for Pawnee children well attended .......................................
for Ponca children in successful operation ........................... ...
should be n.ade leading feature at Yankton Agency ..... ; ..... . ............
mission, at Santee, Nebraska, 3 pupils from Fort Berthold, at ............ . ............
day. (American Board Foreign Missions), at Standing Rock Agency, Dakota.
(Catholic) at Grand Roucle Agency doing well ..... . ........................
Puyallup Industrial, at Nisqually Agency, Washington Territory, report of principal of 167
Shoalwater Bay Indians anxious to have one in their village . . .'. ......................
supplies, proposals received and contracts awarded for ................................ 478
Schools. (See Education.)
and buildings at Sac and Fox Agency, Indian Territory, number and condition of ----
at Che> eune and Arapaho Agency, present condition and prospects of ..............
Eastern Cherokee Agency, North Carolina, in charge of Friends, quite successful.
Flathead Agency, admirable condition of ......................................... 112
Klamath Agency and Yainax, making satisfactory progress ....................
Nevada Agency, in successful operation ..........................................
Omaha Agency, Nebraska, in nourishing condition and doing good work .........
Pottawatomie and Great Nemaha Agency, number and status of, &c .............. 102
INDEX. 509
Page.
Schools at Rosebud Agency, Dakota, condition and prospects of 45
Shoshoiie Agency, Wyoming, making fair progress 15
Sisaeton Agency, number/ status, &c 50
Standing Rock Agency, status of, &e '. 55
Tonkawa Agency, Texas, none to speak of 154
Tulalip Agency, in charge of Catholics, doing admirably 170
Warm Springs Agenc.v, Oregon, present condition of 150
Union Agency, in 'charge of religious societies, very successful 100
boarding and day. at Cheyenne River Agency ( Episcopal), doing good work 22
4 at Colville Agency, in charge of Catholics, under contract with Gov-
ernment 160
011 Menomonee Reserve. Wisconsin, well attended 178
only 1 at Yakaoia Agency, though 2 were promised by treaty 25 years ago. 172
day, 8 to be established among Mission Indians of California 14
5, at Pine Ridge Agency in active operation 39
6, among Oueidas of Green Bay Agency, Wisconsin 177
3, at Pueblo Agency, supported by Government and Presbyterian Board Home
Missions ' 139
11, included in Mackinac Agency, Michigan, attendance increasing 103
employes in, names and salaries of 322-337
Indian, address of superintendent of 348
Indian industrial. Govrrnmeiit should provide for employment of graduates from 30
Mexican Kickapoos strenuously opposed to 94
mission and Government, at Fort Peck Agency, working well, but overcrowded 117
Santee Agency, condition of 123
(Catholic and Presbyterian) on Bad River Reserve, Wisconsin, well attended 179
(Episcopal arid Presbyterian) at Tankton Agency doing good work 62
(Presbyterian) three have Indian teachers at Fort Peck Agency 117
two (Mennouite) in successful operation at Cheyenne and Arapaho Agency 75
on Lac Court d'Oreilles Reserve, Wisconsin (Presbyterian and Catholic) 180
public, at Union Agency similar to those of the States 100
thirty-one in New York Agency under superintendence of the State . . 139
three boardiug.and one day. at Xisqually, <fec., Agency, Washington Territory 167
three day and two boarding, at Quapaw Agency, status of 91
two a/t Kiowa, <fcc. , A gency in successful operation 81
table of statistics relating'to 266-282
Scott, John W., Ponca, 1'a wnee, and Otoe Agency, Indian Territory, annual report of. 84
Seeds distributed to Umatilla Indians 149
very limited supply issued to Fort Peck Indians 116
Self-support, Indians of Colville Agency making vigorous efforts towards 159
Self-supporting, Apaches of San Carlos A gency can easily be made
Flathead Indians are in a great degree •. . . 112
Indians of Fort Belknap could soon be made, if assisted now by Government. . . 115
Indians of White Eartth Agency almost ". 103
many of the Red Cliff Indians Of La Pointe Agency are 180
Round Valley Agency almost 16
some of the Indians of Pottawatomie Agency, Kansas, more than 101
Southern Utes might be made, if permitted to lease grazing lauds. 19
Seminoles. statistics in regard to ' 290, 300, 308
Senecas, statistics in regard to 290, 294, 308, 312, 314
Settlement, white, part of Omaha Reservation thrown open to 118
Settlers near Omaha and Winnebago Reservations sober and industrious 119
white, difficulty in ejecting, from lands of North Carolina Cherokees 140
Shawmes. statistics in regard to 290, 308
Sheep and goats owned in large numbers by Xavajos 134
1470, received at Sisseton Agency for issue to Indians 52
raising by Southern Utes very successful 18
Sheepeaters, statistics in regaid to 288,306
Sheldon, H. B., Round Vallev Agency, California, annual report of 15
Shoal Water Bay Indians, statistics in regard to 298, 316
Shop, blacksmith, at Umati la Agency, Oregon, partially burned 149
Shops at Omaha Agency as tribalinstitutioiis, closed 118
at Osage A gency no longer run free, doing good business ;83
in connection with mission schools at Santt e Agency 123
industrial, needed in connection with school at TJintah Valley Agency, Utah 157
industrial to be built in connection with boarding school at Pine Ridge 39
tin, harness, shoe. &c., needed at Crow Creek. <fcc., Agency for Indian apprentices 26
with appliances for learning trades, none at Chilocco school, Indian Territory 210
Shoshoiie Agency, Wyoming, annual report of Agent Martin 182
Shoshones of Wyoming more law-abiding than white- communities 182
statist icsiu regard to 288,294,300,306,312,318
Siletz Agency, Oregon, annual report of Agent Wadsworth 145
Sinnott, P. B., Grand Ronde A geucy, Oregon, annual report of 141
Sioux at Cheyenne River Agency, Dakota, number and status of . . 20
Commission, status of work of XXXVIII
Commissioners hold council with Sisseton Agency Indians in May, 1884 51
at Standing Rock A gency, condition of 57
of Pine Ridge Agency, status of 37
pupils returned from Hampton training school, table showing record of 189
Sisseton. and Wahpetou, very nearly civilized 49
statistics in regard to. .' 286, 288, 292, 294, 304, 306, 312
Sisseton Agency, Dakota, annual report of Agent Thompson 49
Siuslaws, statistics in regard to 296
Sixes, statistics in regard to 296
S'KIallams, statistics in regard to 298, 316
S'Kokomish Indians, in regard to 298, 319
510
IIS D EX.
Smith, Capt. John, late agent of Warm Springs Indians, Oregon, tribute of present agent to.. 153'.
Snakes, .statistics in regard to 296, 314
Snider, S. E. , Fort Peck A gency . Montana, annual report of 11 (J.
Sommerville, E. J., Umatilla Agency, Oregon, annual report of 147
Southern Ute Agency, Colorado, third annual report of A gent Patten. 18
Spokans of Colville Agency, Washington Territory, deplorable condition of 1 50'
statistics in regard to 298, 316
Squaxins, statistics in regard to 298, 316
Squirrels, ground, do much injury to crops of Klamath Indians 144
Squaw men at Cheyenne River Agency, demoralizing. influence of 21
at Sac and F\>x Agency have very demoralizing influence 97
on Indian reservations, their status should be defined So
Stallion needed at Grand Ronde Agency, Oregon • 141
Stallions, 11 issued to Klamath Indians 144
needed at Shushoue Agency, Wyoming 18£
Standing Rock Agency, Dakota, annual report of Agent McLaughlin
Starvation threatening Indians of Western rihosnone Agency, Nevada 129'
Montana Indians 115
Stock, amount owned by Cheyenues and Arapahoes in Indian Terribir y ' 74
and farming implements. #5U,Uu() worth needed to keep Turtle Mountain half-breeds
from stealing 01 starving „ 35
at Chiloceo school. Indian Territory, cared for by Indian hoys _ 210
at Genoa Industrial School well cared for by Indian boys 208
at Round Valley Agency, quantity, increase, &c 15
at San Carlos Agency well cared for by Indians, shows gratifying increase
cattle should be issued to Indians of Colorado River Agency instead of beef 5
purchased for Indians of San Carlos Agency
large amount owned and well cared for by C(eur d'Alenes 159
of Indians of Shoshone Agency, Wyoming, most of it stolen by whites 183
of Indians of Union Agency suffers 15 per cent, loss during the severe winter 100
of New York Indians very well cared for 140
of Ouray Indians 25 per cent, lost by floods 155
of Tonkawa Indians, slight increase in 155
owned by Indians of Foit Hall Agency 64
by Indians table of statistics . .' . 304-3191
by Nez Heroes of Poucas, &e., Agency 90
by Unitah Valley Indians very well cared for 156
oy Warm Springs Indians, estimate of 152
raised by 'Grand Roude, Indians excellent 141
raising attempted by Indians of Mescalcro Agency 132
by Indians of Crow Creek. &c., Agency, obstacles in the way of 28
by Ind ians of Pine Ridge Agency reasonably successful 37
by Indians of Rosebud agency, more attention than formerly given to 44
by Pom as, very fair start made in 86
by Sacs and Foxes of Indian Territory 93
by Southern Utes quite extensively carried on 18
Cheyenues and Arapahoes of Indian Territory not yet ready for 74
(See Cattle.)
Stockbridges, statistics in regard to 300, 318
St. Regis Indians, statistics in regard to 294, 314
Subagency needed for Yumas of Colorado River Agency, Arizona
Subsistence of Crows, polic\ of Government the reverse of what it should have been 109
of Indians, table showing sources of. 286-302
Tonkawas dependent upon Government for 154
(See Stipplies.)
Superintendent of Indian schools, address of 348
Supplies at Osage A gency. none issued except to boarding schools
for Indian service, cause of annoying delay in delivery of. IV
for Indian service proposals received and contracts awarded for 352-491
for Southern Utes deficient — they must forage or starve 19
subsistence and annuity at Rosebud Agency ample and good 44
at Pine Ridge Agency excellent 38
for Blackfeet Indians, Montana, shamefully insufficient 106
for Fort Belknap Ag' iicy very insufficient 115
for Fort Peck Agency very insufficient 116
for Indians of Crow Agency Montana, very insufficient. 108
for Cheyenues and Arapahoes purchased by them except beef and flour 75
(See Subsistence.)
Survey, definite, of boundaries of Cnmr d'Alene Reserve urged 159
for Milwaukee, Laki- Shore and Western Railway being made through Bad River
Reserve, Wisconsin 179
new, of Ouray Reserve urgently needed 155
of Crow Creek, &<;.,. Reserve, Dakota, very necessary
Devil's Lake Reservation to be made 33
Grand Rondt- Reservation, Oregon, urged 141
Fort Hall Reserve, Idaho, very necessary 64
Indian reservations XIII
Klamath River Reservation necessary 10
lands of Uintahs and White River Utes necessary ^. 157
Lemhi Reserve, Idaho, necessary 65
(See Boundary.)
Swan, William A.. Cheyenne River Agency, Dakota, annual report of 20
Swinomish, statistics in regard to 298, 316
T.
Table of medical statistics 338-347
statistics showing school work among Indians 266-282
INDEX. 511
Pag?.-
Tablc of disbursements made from appropriations for fiscal year 1884 236-245
naiu-s of Indi in reservations, areas, and how established 256
population of Indians. 284-302,322-337
sources of subsistence of Indian tribes, with religious and vital statistics... 284-302
present liabilities of United States to Indian tribes under treaty stipulations 224-230
receipts from sales of Indian lands • • 235'
salaries, incidental expenses, and number ol Indians at each agency 246-251.
stock owned, acreage cultivated, crops, and other lesults of Indian labor 304-319'
transactions in Indian trust funds and trust lands 'J30-234-
general Indian statistics XVIII
Tappan. Samuel F.. (lenoa Industrial School. Nebraska, annual report of 207
Taylor, Isaac A.. Sac and Fox: Agency. Indian Territory, annual report of .. 92
Teachers and other school employes, names and salaries of, table 322-337
Telegraph line from Rosebud Agency to Fort Kiobrnra and Valentine, Xebr., much needed 47
Temperance among Indians of Yanktou Agency, prevalence. of 60
generally prevalent among Indians of Cheyenne and Arapabo Agency 74
on the increase among Indians of Sisseton A geney 52
(See Intemperance and Liquor.)
Teninos, statistics in regard to ^ 296, 314
Tents, issue of duck to Indians for, should be gradually discontinued 133
'Thomas Orphan Asylum for Indians, one of the best institutions of the kind in Xew York .. ISO-
Thompson, Benjamin W., Sisseton Agency, Dakota, annual report of 49<
Thompson, J. Ashley, physician. Pine Ridge Agency, Dakota, report of 211
Timber, down, quite a source of revenue to Indians 'of Devil's Lake Agency 31
very scarce at Cheyenne and Arapaho Agency, and difficult to obtain 72
(See Logging and Lumber.)
Title to their lands, Eastern Cherokees much troubled by unsettled condition of 140
should be given to Indians 132,140,157
Touawandas, statistics in regard to 294, 314
Tonka wa Agency located on lands belonging to private citizens 154
(special) Texas, annual report of Acting Agent Chandler 153
Tonkawas. reservation for, should be either leased or purchased 154
statistics in regard to 296, .'U6
Tootootaas, statistics in regard to •. 296,314
Towaconies, statistics in regard to . 290'
Trader for Sisseton Agency licensed in April, 1884 51
none at Quiuaielt Agency, Washington Territory 165
Traders, 7 white and 3 Indian, at Pine Ridge Agency. . " 40
Transfer of Indians from one reserve to another demoralizing to the service 21
Transportation facilities for Siletz Agency to be improved by introduction of railroad 145
Treaty, alleged "supplementary," relative to Columbia River fisheries and Oregon Indians,
urged upon attention of Government 152
with Indians of Foit Hall Agency, Idaho (May 14, 1880), not yet ratified by Con-
gress " 1 64
Tree-planting at Manual boarding school, Sisseton Agency 51
Trespassers not yet 7-emoved from reservations of Nevada' Agency 127
occupying lands of Round Valley Indians 15
on Creur d'Alene Reserve, cutting timber, &c 159
(See Depredations and Intruders.)
Tresspasses by whites upon Missouri Indian reservations 14
Trespassing cattle on Southern Ute Reserve, Colorado 19
Tribal relations almost abolished among Yauktou Indians 60
'Tufts. John Q,, Union Agency, Indian Territory, annual report of 98
Tulalip Agency, Washington Territory, second annual report of Agent Buckley 169
Tulalips. statistics in regard to _'.. . . 298, Ml 6
Tule River Agency. California, ninth annual report of 'Agent Belknap.... 17
Tules and Tejons. statistics in regard to : 284, 304
Tuscaroras statistics in regard to 294,314
U.
Uintah Valley Agency, Utah, second annual report «>f Agent Davis (per Fr. Pierce, clerk) 155
UmatiHa Agency, Oregon, annual report of Agent Sommerville . 147
Umatillas, statistics in regard to 296, 314
Umpquas, statistics in regard to 296,314
Union Agency, Indian Territory, annual report of Agent Tufts 98
Utes, statistics in regard to , 286,298,304,316
Ukies, statistics in regard to 284, 304
V.
Visits of chiefs to Carlisle school, new pupils, &c , 183
Indian parents to Chilocco Industrial School, Indian Territory, good results, &c 210
Indians from other reservations to Lernhi Agency for purpose of gambling .....' 66
Indians from one reservation to another very demoralizing 57, 68, 85, 160
W.
Wacoes, statistics in regard to 290
Wadsworth, F. M., Sileta Agency, Oregon, annual report of 145
Wagons and harness, new, needed for agency USB at Colorado River Agency 4
500, used by Indian freighters at Pine Ridge Agency 38
freighting, heavier, needed at Klamath Agency, Oregon 144
7, and 8 plows furnished by Government to Mission Indians 13
"Walla Wallas, Cayuses, and Umatillas included in Umatilla Agency, Oregon 147
statistics in regard to '. 296 314
•512 INDEX.
Page.
"Warehouse erected on Turtle Mountain Reserve 35
Warm Springs Agency, On jgon, annual report of Agent Gesner 150
Indians, .statistics in regard to 296, 3U
Wascos, statistics in regard to 296, 3V,
Water on Navajo Reservation bad, alkali 1?J
supply at Rosebud Agency very inadequate !
Waters, Sidney D., Colville Agency, Washington "Territory, annual report of }£
Wells dug by Indians of Osage Agency fe
Western Shoshoue Agency, Nevada, third annual report of Agent Mayhugh. .... I2f
Wharf built at Tulailip Agency by Indians
Wheat on Red Lake Reserve, Minnesota, cultivation of, attempted for the first time
WLite Earth Agency, Minnesota, third annual report of Agent 'Luse
Whites and Indians of Tdukawa Agency, Texas, cordial relations between 15:
at Union Agency, Indian Territory, number increasing, reasons given
low, have very demoralizing influence upon Spokann of Colville Agency 15
Wichitas, statistics in regard to f 2 )0, 30
Wichumnis, "Statistics in regard to 28
Wilcox, P. P , San Carlos agency, Arizona, annual report of
Wilkinson, George W., Omaha and Winnebago Agency, Nebraska, annual report of 11
Willoughby, Charles, Quinaielt Agency, Washington Territory, annual report of
Winnebagoes of Omaha Agency, status, nomadic habits, &c 1]
statistics in regard to .- 294, 300, 33
Wood, Oliver, Neah Bay agency, Washington Territory, annual report of 1(
Wright, James G., Rosebud agency, Dakota, annual report of.
Wyandottes, statistics in regard to 290, 3(
Wylackies, statistics in regard to 284, 3(
T.
Tainax Indians, Oregon, make creditable efforts to build a bridge and a school-house 142, 1
Takama Agency, Washington Territory, second annual report of Agent Milroy 1
Takamas and other Indians, statistics in regard to 2J>8, 3
Yankton Agency, Dakota, annual report of Agent Kinney
Sioux, status, progress, &c .'V ' •
statistics in regard to . 288, 3
Yumas of Colorado River Agency, Arizona, status of, &c
should be placed under a subagent ...
should receive assistance from Government XXXV!
statistics in regard to 2
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