Report

ANNUAL REPORT
CANADIAN CLUB

WINNIPEG

I9O9-191O

SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT

OF

THE CANADIAN CLUB

OF WINNIPEG

WINNIPEG
ORGANIZED 1904

SEASON OF 1909-10

OFFICERS

CANADIAN CLUB, WINNIPEG

1909-1910

President
1st Vice-President
2nd Vice-President
Literary Secretary
Honorary Secretary
Honorary Treasurer

REV. C. W. GORDON, D.D., LL.D.

MR. A. B. STOVEL

MR. THEO. A. HUNT

MR. EDWARD W. DuVAL

MR. R. H. SMITH

MR. A. L. CROSSIN

Executive Committee

ARTHUR CONGDON F. W. DREWRY D. M. DUNCAN

A. R. FORD DR. J. A. MACARTHUR

R. H. SHANKS J. J. VOPNI

J. B. MITCHELL

ISAAC PITBLADO, K.C.

President, 1910-191 1

Honorary Members of the Canadian Club
of Winnipeg

WILLIAM HENRY DRUMMOND (DECEASED)
His EXCELLENCY EARL GREY, G.C.M.G.

GENERAL WILLIAM BOOTH
FIELD MARSHAL EARL ROBERTS, V.C

LORD MILNER, G.C.B.

LORD STRATHCONA, G.C.M.G.

SIR ERNEST SHACKLETON, K.C.V.O.

LIEUT. GENERAL SIR ROBERT BADEN POWELL, K.C.B., F.R.G.S.

PAST PRESIDENTS

OF

THE CANADIAN CLUB OF WINNIPEG
Organized 1904

1904-5 . . J. S. EWART, K.C.

1905-6 . . J. A. M. AIKINS, K.C.

1906-7 . . G. R. CROWE

1907-8 . . WILLIAM WHYTE

1908-9 . . J. B. MITCHELL

1909-10 REV. C. W. GORDON, D.D.

W. SANFORD EVANS

Winnipeg
President Association of Canadian Clubs, 1910-1911

ADDRESSES OF THE YEAR.

Minutes of the 7th Annual Meeting of the Canadian Club,

of Winnipeg, held on November 5th, 1910, Rev. C.

W. Gordon, D.D., President, in the Chair.

Immediately following the luncheon, Mr. J. A. M.
Aikins, K.C., drew attention to the fact that the meeting
of the first parliament of the South African Union was
being convened on this day, and moved, seconded by Col. S.
B. Steele, C. B., that the following cable be sent to the '
Right Honorable Louis Botha, Capetown: "The Canadian
Club of Winnipeg, now assembled, appreciating the benefits
of Confederation, congratulates the South African Union
on the opening of its first parliament, wish it great success,
and hopes the North and South Dominions, as well as the
East and West, may continue united in the British Empire
for mutual good and world peace." The resolution was
carried unanimously.

The President referred to the very successful year
the Club had enjoyed, and made special reference to the
honor conferred upon the Club by the election to the
positions on the Executive of the Association of Canadian
Clubs of two members of the Winnipeg Club ; His Worship
Mayor W. Sanford Evans, being elected President, and Mr.
Theo. A. Hunt, Vice-President for Manitoba, The Presi-
dent extended to these gentlemen the congratulaitons of
the Club upon their election to such important offices in
the Association.

On motion of Mr. R. H. Smith, seconded by Mr. R. A.
Rumse}^, the minutes of the last annual meeting were
approved.

The report of the Honorary-Secretary for year 1909-10,
was then submitted as follows:

Winnipeg, Nov. 2nd, 1910.

To the President and Members of Winnipeg Canadian Club :
Gentlemen :

I have the honor of submitting herewith the sixth
annual report of the Canadian Club of Winnipeg, dealing
with its operations during the year ending with the first
Tuesday in November, 1910.

CANADIAN CLUB OF WINNIPEG.

The number of meetings held by the Club were some-
what less than in previous years, the condition of politics
in the Mother Country having considerable effect in pre-
venting many of the prominent men from visiting Canada.
Some thirteen luncheons, however, were held and on each
occasion the members had the pleasure of hearing an
interesting and valuable address on some topic of local
or national concern.

The event of the year, that in its national import
overshadowed all others was the death of our beloved
sovereign, King Edward the Seventh. The Club expressed
its sympathy with the members of the Royal Family and
loyalty to the new Sovereign in a suitable resolution. At a
luncheon held a few days after the lamented event, a grace-
ful tribute was paid to the memory of the late King in Mr.
Spurgeon's eloquent address on "King Edward the Peace-
maker."

Among those who were the guests of the Club, it will
not be invidious to mention men of such world wide reputa-
tion as Lt. -General Sir Baden-Powell and Sir Ernest
Shackleton, both of w^hom honored the Club by accepting
the position of Honorary Life members. Very valuable
addresses were also delivered by Dr. Falconer, President
of Toronto University, and Henry Vivian, M.P., (England),
on important matters of local interest.

The range and variety of interests that occupied the
attention of the Club is shown by the list of addresses
given below:

Nov. 10, 1909— Annual Meeting, E. D. Martin, (City),
"Conditions in Australia and Atti-
tude of Sister Commonwealth To-
wards Canada."

Jan. 15, 1910— Mr. E. G. H. H. Hay (Lockport), "Reminis-
cences of Early Winnipeg."

Feb. 15, 1910— Dr. R. A. King, (Indore College, India),
"Britain's Work in India — Problems
Unsolved."

March 30, 1910— Mr. J. G. Colmer, C. M. G., (London, Eng-
land), "How Canadian Interests Have
Developed in Great Britain."

ADDRESSES OF THE YEAR.

April 20, 1910— Dr. Robert Falconer, (Toronto), "Univer-
sity Organization in Toronto. ' '

May 16, 1910 — Mr. Arthur Spurgeon, (London, England),
"King Edward the Peacemaker,"

May 21, 1910— Lt. Sir Ernest Shackleton, (London, Eng-
land), "The British South Pole Ex-
pedition/'

June 13, 1910 — Commissioner Coombes, (Toronto), "Canada
in the Making,"

June 29, 1910— Col. George T. Dension, (Toronto), "Im-
perial Unity."

Aug. 26, 1910— Lt.-Gen. Sir Baden-Powell, K.C.B., (London,
England), "The Boy Scout Move-
ment."

Sept. 5, 1910— Mr. Henry Vivian, M. P., (Birkenhead, Eng-
land), "Ideal Sanitary Housing of the
Masses."

Sept. 13, 1910— Sir George Doughty, (Grimsby, England),
"The Future of Greater Britain."

Oct. 14, 1910 — Sir Henry Spencer Berkeley, (Hong Kong),
"British Influence in the Orient."

Following the suggestion made in a previous report
of the Honorary Secretary that the Club should endeavor
to stimulate and encourage the study of Canadian History,
your Executive Committee early in the year offered cash
scholarships to the students taking the highest per cent-
age of marks in the subject of Canadian history in con-
nection with the University and Teachers Examinations,
two scholarships of $30 each and two of $20 each, being
given by the Club. This matter was so well received by
the University and Educational authorities, that it is pro-
posed to continue these scholarships and through this
means to stimulate the study of Canadian history through-
out the Province.

One of the interesting incidents of the year was the
part taken by the Club in the celebration of Empire Day,
when some thirty speakers, all members of the Club,
delivered patriotic addresses in the various public schools,

CANADIAN CLUB OF WINNIPEG.

and the readiness with which the members of the Club
responded to the invitation that they give a patriotic
address on that day was very greatly appreciated' by
your Executive.

The effect of the efforts of the Club during the past
two years, looking towards the more general celebration
of Canada's National Holiday, "Dominion Day," was quite
noticeable, the merchants of the city decorating their win-
dows with the Canadian Ensign and flags were displayed
on all buildings. Your Club also distributed among the
school children of the City on Dominion Day, some 12,000
miniature silk flags, each flag being accompanied by a
card with patriotic greetings from the Club. These sou-
venirs going practically into every home in the city, had,
in opinion of your Executive, considerable to do with the
increased interest with which the day was celebrated.

The second annual conference of the Association of
Canadian Clubs was held in Toronto during September
last, the Winnipeg Club being represented by its Secre-
tary, when matters of interest concerning the Canadian
Club movement were discussed, and measures taken cal-
culated to bring the various Clubs into closer affiliation.
Your Club was especially honored in having two of its
members elected to prominent positions in the Association,
Hns Worship, Mayor Evans, being selected as President,
and Theo. A. Hunt, as Vice-President for Manitoba. The
Association also decided to hold its conference next year
at Winnipeg.

The membership of the Club at the close of the year
stands at 1,048. The finances of the Club will also be
found in good shape, as evidenced by the report of the
Honorary Treasurer, which will be submitted at this
meeting.

Respectfully submitted,

R. H. SMITH,

Honorary Secretary.

On motion of the Secretary, seconded by Mr. J. B.
Mitchell, the report was adopted.

ADDRESSES OF THE YEAR.

The report of the Treasurer, Mr. A. L. Crossin, was
submitted as follows :

Receipts.

Balance on hand, November 1st, 1909 .$1,159.27

Membership fees — 1,048 members 2,096.00

Luncheon tickets sold 917.75

Bank interest . 20.00

$4,193.02
Disbursements.

Postage $ 270.20

Printing and stationery 511.10

Membership card cases 239.20

Telegrams 70.00

Stenographer 130.00

Verbatim reports of addresses 126.50

Cab hire 19.00

Expenses of guests of Club 110.75

Music at luncheons, etc 57.00

Expenses of Secretary attending Convention

Canadian Clubs— Toronto 125.00

Sundry expenses 47.85

Luncheons 1,061.00

Subscription to Captain Kennedy Memorial 100.00

Canadian flags for distribution to schools on

Dominion Day 50.96

Prizes to Pubic Schools for essays on

Canadian History 100.00

Balance in Molsons Bank 1,174.46

$4,193.02
A. L. CROSSIN, Hon.-Treasurer.

We have examined the Books and Vouchers of the
Canadian Club of Winnipeg for year ending 31st October,
1910, and hereby certify the above to be a true and correct
statement of the Receipts and Disbursements for that
period.

H. C. THOMPSON, )

R. H. MAINER, j Auditors

Winnipeg, November, 3rd, 1910.

10 CANADIAN CLUB OF WINNIPEG.

On motion of Mr. Theo. A. Hunt, seconded by Mr.
James Stuart, the report was adopted.

Mr. R. A. Rumsey, Chairman of the Nominating Com-
mittee, submitted the report of that Committee, recommend-
ing the following officers for year 1910-11 :

President : Isaac Pitblado, K.C.

First Vice-President : A. A. Gilroy.

Second Vice-President: Major A. C. Macdonell, D.S.O.

Literary Secretary: Robert Fletcher, B. A.

Hon. Secretary: R. H. Smith.

Hon. Treasurer : R. A. Rumsey.

Executive Committee:

Geo. H. Greig George Fisher S. L. Barrowclough

F. H. Stewart Dr. J. S. Gray Dr. C. W. Gordon

Theo. A. Hunt F. H. Schofield, B.A.

•

The report of the Nominating Committee was unani-
mously adopted.

Dr. James W. Robertson, Chairman of the Royal Com-
mission on Industrial Training and Technial Education,
then delivered an eloquent address dealing with the work
of the Commission, after which the meeting adjourned.

Addresses of the Year.

Following the custom established in previous annual
reports, abstracts of the several addresses delivered before
the Club during the year 1909-10, appear in this report.
The official reporter of the Club has supplied a verbatim
report of every address delivered before the Club during the
past year, which may be perused upon application to the
Honorary Secretary.

Christmas Greetings.

Greetings from the President, Officers and members of
the Club, were, at the Christmas Season, extended to the
Honorary Members of the Club, the Presidents of all
Canadian Clubs throughout Canada and to the speakers
who have from time to time addressed the Club. The

ADDRESSES OF THE YEAR. 11

greeting card issued by the Club was rather unique, con-
sisting of a folder, the inner pages containing selections of
patriotic verse and prose, and a list of the officers of the
Club. A head of wheat, "Manitoba No. 1, Hard," was
attached to cover with ribbon, the cover bearing the crest
of the Club and the inscription "Greetings from the World's
Wheat Centre."

I see to every wind unfurled

The flag that bears the Maple - Wreath ;
Thy swift keels furrow round the world,

Its blood-red folds beneath.

Thy swift keels cleave the furthest seas;

Thy white sails swell with alien gales;
To stream on each remotest breeze

The black smoke of thy pipes exhales.

O Falterer, let thy past convince

Thy future — all the growth, the gain,

The fame since Cartier knew thee, since
Thy shores beheld Champlain!

Montcalm and Wolfe ! Wolfe and Montcalm !

Quebec, thy storied citadel
Attest in burning song and psalm

How here thy heroes fell !

Charles G. D. Roberts.

12 CANADIAN CLUB OF WINNIPEG.

THE CONGRESS OF THE CHAMBERS OF COMMERCE
OF THE EMPIRE.

November 10th, 1909.

Mr. E. D. Martin, President of the Winnipeg Board of
Trade.

After expressing his pleasure at appearing before the
Canadian Club, Mr. Martin described briefly the journey
to Sydney, the entertainment provided for the delegates at
Honolulu, Brisbane and other points en route and pro-
ceeded in part as follows : —

"The public buildings of Sydney are very fine indeed,
the town hall especially ; and I would like to say that the
town halls and all the buildings we went to were fine. I
think we are behind the times in that respect, not only in
Winnipeg, but in all Canada.

"A very large proportion of the population of Austra-
lia seems to have concentrated in Sydney and in Melbourne,
a much larger proportion being found in the cities than here
in Canada. There is a general feeling that it would be very
much better to get these people out on to the lands. Their
farm lands are productive and easy to farm. They have
grass for their cattle all the year round and do not need to
house them. One of the managers of a government farm
told me the great difficulty in getting people on the land
was that it was too easy to make a living in Australia, and
I think this fact, coupled with the very warm climate,
tends to make the people indolent.

"The constitution of the Commonwealth differs from
that of Canada. Here certain things are given to the
Province to do, the balance being retained by the Dominion.
There the states have handed certain things over to the
federal government and retained the balance. They were
very strong, and did not wish to give up any more than
was absolutely necessary. It was thought that gradually
the states would give up some of the powers granted to
them and hand these over to the Federal Government, but
I think the longer they go on the more tenaciously will they
cling to the powers given them and the less inclined they
will be to give to the Federal Government any more than it

ADDRESSES OF THE YEAR. 13

has at present. This will have the effect of continuing the
difficulties met with in the past, and these appear to be great
in reference to the railways, which are theoretically under
the Federal Government, but practically owned by the
states and built on different gauges. The question of
getting these under the same gauge is a live one now.

"The Australians adhere very strongly to English
practice in managing their affairs. They have recently
passed an act under which they are going to coin their own
money and they are to retain pounds, shillings and pence,
instead of adopting the decimal system. Their railways
and tramways, too, are managed on the same lines as in
England. In the matter of roadways and bridges they are
better off than we in Canada.

' ' They claim that their tariff is about on the same basis
as ours, but the preference to Great Britain is not so great.
I believe if the proper course were taken it would be possi-
ble for our government to come to an arrangement whereby
we in Canada would have the same preferential duties as
Great Britain. Nearly all whom I consulted on this ques-
tion favored it.

"The principal resolution at the Congress was that of
preference, and while some voted against it and some
abstained from voting, I believe that practically all present
had the same sentiments. The difficulty with those who
voted against it seemed to me to be, in the first place, that
they were pledged by 'heir Chambers of Commerce to vote
for free trade, and for free trade only. A large number of
men there were looking at this question, not altogether as a
question of preference, but from the standpoint of bringing
the different portions of the Empire closer together. The
feeling of every portion of the Empire represented there
was that we must draw closer together and that the best
way in which that may be done is to make the trade rela-
tions between the different portions of the Empire some-
thing different from those between the Empire and the
outside world/'

14 CANADIAN CLUB OF WINNIPEG.

REMINISCENCES OF EARLY WINNIPEG.

January 19th, 1910.
E. G. H. H. Hay, Esq., Lockport, Man.

In introducing the speaker Rev. C. W. Gordon (Ralph
Connor), the newly-elected President of the Club, said : " My
first word must be an expression of my personal sense of the
importance of the distinction that I appear as your Presi-
dent and of gratitude to you for conferring this honor upon
me. I have had some satisfactions in life of different kinds,
but, not many that are greater than the satisfaction of
having been elected by my own fellow-townsmen to this
honorable position.

"The work of the Canadian Club is growing in import-
ance, and its scope is widening every day and never did
the Canadian Clubs of Canada have so wide an outlook and
so fruitful a scope of activity as at the present time. For
never was national life so much in evidence and our con-
sciousness of it so keen in Canada as this very year. And
certainly if we only feel the touch of the imperial con-
sciousness upon us, as we do even these very days, then
the work before us as clubs throughout Canada is only just
beginning.

"Now, it is always a sign of a great nation to remember
its past and be instructed by its past not to forget those who
have played their part in the day when the nation was
being formed. And this Canadian Club is, I think, doing
good work in calling attention to, and in emphasizing
the deeds of the past and giving an opportunity to
men who have played an important part in the making
of our history to appear before the members of the Club.
You will agree with me that the Club has done a very wise
thing in asking one of the old pioneers of this country,
perhaps one of the very oldest, to appear before us today
and give us the pleasure of an address. We are to have
Mr. Hay, who has been here, I don't know, fifty years, or
more, and knows all about the early history of this
country, to tell us something about his reminiscences in
those days, and we shall offer Mr. Hay a very warm
welcome.

ADDRESSES OF THE YEAR. 15

''Just before Mr. Hay speaks I might ask your indul-
gence for a minute or so to read telegrams received from
three of our honorary members. I might say that at the
New Year the executive sent a greeting to the honorary
members of the Winnipeg Canadian Club, who are at
present, some of them in England and some in Canada. A
message was sent to Lord Strathcona, Lord Roberts, Lord
Milner, and Earl Grey. The following replies were re-
ceived :

"From Lord Strathcona — 'Greatly appreciate and cor-
dially reciprocate for yourself and all members Winnipeg
Canadian Club kind New Year's greetings conveyed in your
cablegram. ' '

* ' Lord Milner — * Thanks for kind message ; heartily
reciprocate good wishes yourself and fellow members.
Delighted that New Year opens so brightly for Canada."

"Earl Grey — 'Many thanks for Club's kind greetings,
which are heartily reciprocated.' :

Mr. Hay said:

"I will try to describe things about the Fort in 1871.
At that time the nearest railway was 700 miles south of
us. Communication was by ox-cart and steamboat. Popu-
lation was sparsely distributed, embracing an area extend-
ing fifty miles west, twenty miles north and sixty miles
south with a settlement at Pointe du Chene, forty miles
east. A lone steamer, the Northrup, brought from the
Minnesota River, was the pioneer of navigation on the Red,
That was the year of the great flood in the Red River
Valley, the waters stretching from the Minnesota River to
Lake Winnipeg.

"A buffalo hunt was one of the things really enjoyed
by the people of the country. Imagine 1,600 carts,
perhaps, on the prairie in search of food, with from 200 to
250 riders. The moment a herd was sighted the outrun-
ners came in and camp was struck, everything becoming
practically dead, as silence was essential to the success of
the hunt. In the morning the riders proceeded leisurely
towards the buffalo until the latter began to show excite-
ment, when a dash was made for the herd, and the old flint-
lock guns did the work. The women and children follow-
ing cut up the buffalo and dried the meat.

16 CANADIAN CLUB OF WINNIPEG.

References were made to Governor McTavish, Capt.
Kennedy, James Ross, Mr. Isbister, Henry McKinney, who
erected the first building, of what is now the City of Win-
nipeg, at the corner of Partage avenue and Main street, in

1862, and others ; also to the coming of the Sioux after the
massacre and the grasshopper plague, "which lasted from

1863, more or less to 1875."

Mr. Hay went on to deal with the part Donald A.
Smith played as Commissioner of Canada in dealing with
Kiel, the work of Bishop Tache, Bishop Machray and
others, and wound up with an account of the first legislature
in which he had the honor to move, "That the reply to the
address be not now passed but that it be amended by adding
the words, 'that the murderers of Thos. Scott be brought
to justice.' "

I hear the tread of pioneers,

Of nations yet to be ;
The first low wash of waves where soon

Shall roll a human sea.

The rudiments of empire here

Are plastic yet and warm ;
The chaos of a mighty world

Is rounding into form.

Each rude and jostling fragment soon

Its fitting place shall find, —
The raw material of a state,

Its muscle and its mind!

And, westering still, the star which leads

The New World in its train
Has tipped with fire the icy spears

Of many a mountain chain.

Whittier.

ADDRESSES OF THE YEAR. 17

BRITAIN'S WORK IN INDIA— Problems Unsolved.

February 15th, 1910.
Dr. R. A. King, Indore, India.

"In addressing you this afternoon there is one thing
that I think I can take for granted and that is this — that
we are interested in the British Empire ; and we feel that
any reflection upon any part of that Empire is in a measure
a reflection upon ourselves.

"Our administration in India has been frequently
criticized of late, and even maligned, and my task this after-
noon is to lay before you some of the facts with reference
to that situation and leave you to judge for yourselves
the worth of our administration in that country.

"We are told that before the invader came to India
there was a golden age there, a time of peace and prosperity.
That is a myth, and reading between the lines of the legends
and myths we see wars, famines and pestilences from the
beginning of time. We have some historical records of
the Mohammetan period and these show that even during
the rule of Akbar, who is accounted the most lenient of
all the Mohammetan rulers, there was collected a larger land
revenue than ever we collected, and that, too, from a
smaller territority and from a population less than one-fifth
of the present. The land revenue collected from one part
of India during the whole of the Mogul period was five
times that collected by the British authorities from the
whole of the Empire. And they collected forty imposts
in addition to the land tax.

"About one hundred years ago there was a strip of
land south of the Himalayas, 150 miles long by from
thirty to fifty miles wide, without an inhabitant owing to
the raids of the hills people. There was the same thing in
the east over at Assam and in the northwest. One of the
first things to do as administrators was to drive back the
invaders and persuade them to stay in the hills. Today
there are millions of inhabitants in that territory and the
Punjab is supplying more wheat to Great Britain than
Canada is.

18 CANADIAN CLUB OF WINNIPEG.

"Famine with them was a visitation of Providence and
they simply bowed their heads and waited until it passed
over. Now they are beginning to be more civilized and
instead of blaming Providence they are blaming the govern-
ment (prolonged laughter) . . . Wherever you have
agricultural people and where that agriculture is dependent
on a rainfall, a failure of that rainfall in any district means
scarcity ; and where you have a people who are proverbially
improvident, and have laid up nothing for a rainy, or rather
a dry day, you have the possibility of famine, and that
possibility has always been in India. It was only during
our administration that steps have been taken by the gov-
ernment, as such, to see that one district in time of need is
helped by other districts. I believe what the British
authorities have done in India in this regard is one of
the finest pieces of administration the world has ever
known.

"I may mention, perhaps, some of the results. During
the last forty years the death rate has not amounted to more
than two per thousand. Then, again, after the recent great
famine in British India we find that the same amount of
grain has been cultivated and that means that the people
were there and more than that, it means that they got there
to plough the land. When I left India they were closing
up a famine in the United Provinces of which you read
nothing in the newspapers because there is nothing sen-
sational in a famine which affected a million and a half of
people. The death rate during that time of scarcity was
even less than during the two preceding years, so well was
the matter looked into and the people relieved. But,
remember, that has reference to British India, and the
famines you do read about have begun in the native states,
and that is another matter.

"Of main canals there are 1,500 miles and of distribut-
ing canals 30,000 miles, which cost the government $165,000,-
000. Today they are bringing in a revenue of eight per
cent. There are some 30,000 miles of railway which cost
$1,330,000,000, mostly state-owned or state-endowed and
bringing in a net revenue of 5.77% during the year before
last. In 1906 India raised 318,000,000 bushels of wheat.
The cotton and jute trade sprung up during the reign of
Queen Victoria from nothing to an export of some 3,500,000
bales of 400 pounds each. The tea trade in 1908 amounted

ADDRESSES OF THE YEAR. 19

to 230,000,000 pounds, while the coal business has risen from
nothing to 11,000,000 tons, petroleum from nothing to 132,-
000,0000 gallons, and so on. Does that show that India is
becoming impoverished?

"I might go on and mention what India has done along
educational lines, how she spent $19,000,000 every year in
her schools and colleges. I might show how she has
covered that country with roads and courts, postage and
telegraph systems, all of which have been brought about
by our administration out there.

"But I shall not deny that there is another side to the
picture, for, after all, India is a poor country and has still
problems before her which will call out all the ability of her
ablest men to solve. I only wish these problems could be
solved by legislation, but the longer I live and face them,
the more I am convinced that they are beyond the reach
of the legislature, and that the solution lies very largely
with the people themselves. During our regime they have
had peace with less famine, and population has largely
increased, with the result that large districts in Bengal have
over 650 people to the square mile. The government
encourages them to open factories in order to withdraw
some from agricultural pursuits, but when I left India
there was not more than two factories in Bengal under the
control of natives, and run by native capital, whereas in
Bombay there are plenty of factories run by Indians them-
selves. It is not in Bombay that you find sedition talked.

"We made a promise after the meeting that we would
give into the hands of the natives, of those that were able to
bear it, a larger share of the government of their own coun-
try. Have we kept that promise? There has been an
increased amount of liberty given to them. They fill all
the subordinate offices and, I venture to say, ninety per cent,
of the superior offices. The Superintendent of Education
for India says there are some 60,000 natives in the govern-
ment of India receiving a salary of over 1,000 rupees a year.
All the governors of the lower courts are natives and these
judges are eligible for positions in the higher courts and
hold them today."

"These native officials have from time immemorial been
drawn very largely from the Brahmin caste, and the whole
trend of the religious teaching of the Brahmins carries us

20 CANADIAN CLUB OF WINNIPEG.

to this conclusion, that they have no regard for the inter-
est of the masses ; that the masses are simply made to
be servants of theirs, and until they are taught a true
patriotism and some true ideas of brotherhood; until their
ideals are raised so that they will look not only for them-
selves, but also for their poorer and more unfortunate
fellow-countrymen ; until that day comes I do not think it
would be wise to hand over entirely to them the adminis-
tration of India. And I am quite sure of this, that the
masses are safer in the hands of the English administra-
tion."

Take up the White Man's burden,

And reap his old reward —
The blame of those ye better,

The hate of those ye guard—
The cry of hosts ye humor

(Ah, slowly!) towards the light —
"Why brought ye us from bondage,

Our loved Egyptian night?"

Take up the White Man's burden—

Ye dare not stoop to less —
Nor call too loud on Freedom

To cloak your weariness,
By all ye will or whisper,

By all ye leave or do,
The silent, sullen peoples

Shall weigh your God and you.

Kipling.

ADDRESSES OF THE YEAR. 21

HOW CANADIAN INTERESTS HAVE DEVELOPED IN
GREAT BRITAIN.

March 30th, 1910.
Mr. J. G. Colmer, C.M.G., London, England.

"I promised to say a few words today on the subject of
the position of the development of Canada which is enter-
tained in the old country. The basis on which this position
has been built up is, of course, the wonderful progress which
Canada has shown in its development in the last twenty or
thirty years. Canada has attracted the attention of the
entire world and the energy and pertinacity which Canad-
ians have shown, and the cheerful patriotism and enthus-
iasm to which they always give expression has infected their
fellow subjects everywhere, and especially in the old
country.

"Personally I am inclined to look upon the construction
of the Canadian Pacific Railway as the foundation upon
which the brilliant successes which have attended Confed-
eration has been built. It practically consolidated what
were the scattered provinces of the Dominion into one
strong and united whole. It has caused the people to sink
their local designations. We know in the old days that
people called themselves Nova Scotians, New Brunswickers
and that sort of thing. Now they are all proud to call
themselves Canadians from the Atlantic to the Pacific.
There can be no doubt that the opening up of this prairie
country and the West generally, to which immigrants from
all parts of the world look with longing eyes has helped
largely to give Canada as a whole the important position
which it occupies today.

"It is recognized everywhere that Canada has emerged
from the colony stage. It has arrived at that epoch in
the life of a nation when its people realize that they are not
only Canadians, but citizens of a great Empire ; and they
have on many occasions shown themselves prepared to
accept their share of its burden and responsibility. Canada
was the first part of the Empire practically to show that
scattered provinces could be federated whilst preserving
their local autonomy and act together for the good of the
entire community. Canadians have built railways to

22 CANADIAN CLUB OF WINNIPEG.

unite these provinces and to acquire a new Imperial high-
way between Europe and the East, and they appreciated
this before the people in the old country. It was the
action of Canada that brought about Imperial penny
postage. It was Canada that inaugurated preferential
trade.

"All that has been done in recent years by Canada,
Australia, New Zealand, and by South Africa is bringing
within the region of practical discussion the part which
these dominions beyond the seas are to take in the future in
the conduct of affairs of the Empire. There are now
periodical Imperial conferences between the governments
of these dominions and the government of the United King-
dom, at which opinions are interchanged on matters of
Imperial importance. It is very certain, however, that
things cannot go on for very long or any advance be made
as they are. And if the Empire is to be maintained and
handed down intact to those who come after us, something
will have to be done in the direction of giving the outside
dominions a larger voice than they have hitherto taken in
the formulation of Imperial policy.

"The feeling is growing, in England especially, and I
think here, that Imperial trade is a matter which should be
considered one of domestic policy, not of foreign policy,
and one which has nothing whatever to do with foreign
countries. It is the custom for members of a family to
treat each other on better terms in matters of business than
outsiders. Surely the different parts of our Empire repre-
sent one great family, and it seems only reasonable that they
should regard each other in that light and endeavor to so
arrange their commercial affairs as to give them a prefer-
ence in trade within the Empire. A policy of that kind
will, many people believe, enable us to arrange our business
affairs with other countries on a better basis than at pres-
ent. There is no part of the world where trade is going to
develop in the near future to the extent to which it must
develop in the region of the British Empire ; for the British
Empire practically controls almost the whole of the avail-
able world which is most suitable for the settlement of
white people. At the same time, there is nothing incon-
sistent with a policy of this kind in providing for favorable
arrangements consistent with the conditions which may

ADDRESSES OF THE YKAR. 23

prevail at the time, for the interchange, on the best possible
terms, of our commerce with foreign countries.

''It is, perhaps, in matters of finance that Canada has
gained most from its wonderful development in recent
years. It will have to rely on borrowed money for many
years to come to enable the great expansion which is going
on to be continued. I have no hesitation in saying in this
connection that Canada is now regarded with more favor
in London's financial circles than any other country in the
world/'

Strong is the flag, 0 Children,

Whereunder your breed are born,
Strong is the love of the dwelling-place,

And sweet is the homelight's morn:

But stronger far yet is the race-tie,

The kinships that kindle and bind,
And evermore true to the breed and the thew,

Are the sons of the world-old kind.

Yea, back to the ancient mother

The earth-wide children yearn,
Who fared to achieve, to dream, to glean,

To wrestle, to build, to learn.

The hearts of the far-swept children

To the ancient mother turn,
When the day breaks, when the hour comes,

The world will waken and learn.

Not the one flag, not the two flags,

But the blood that wakens and stirs;
The world may claim them, the world may name them,

But the hearts of the race are Hers.

Wilfred Campbell.

24 CANAIAN CLUB OF WINNIPEG.

UNIVERSITY ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION

April 20th, 1910.
Dr. Robert Falconer, President of the University of Toronto,

Dr. Falconer said: "In accepting the invitation of the
Canadian Club of Winnipeg to come and address you upon
the subject of "University Organization and Administra-
tion" I am thoroughly sensible to the compliment you have
paid me, while at the same time I realize the delicacy of
the situation. It will be impertinent for me as an outsider
to come to Winnipeg and persume to tell you how to solve
your own problems. But in coming at the urgent request
of this club I believe that my only method of procedure
must be to set before you some of the principles, which,
during my short tenure of the position I now occupy, and
other long experiences in other universities, I have come
to regard as valid.

"In Manitoba you have a situation that has grown
with the history of the province. You have now had for
nearly a generation the benefits of work done for higher
education by a variety of denominational colleges. This
work should, I believe, be recognized. Your situation today
is not one in which you can start absolutely afresh. On
the other hand I have had experience of university life in
another province than Ontario, which has, I believe, suffered
grievously from the perpetuation of small colleges, most of
them denominational, which, having been kept apart do not
co-operate in the furtherance of university education.

"The essential character of a university is determined
in the character of its staff, the quality of its students and
the material resources which make possible the influence of
teacher upon student. Buildings and equipment of
laboratories are essential and are very expensive, though
extravagance in these must be avoided, because far more
important than external equipment is the staff. A univer-
sity will become great if you have great teachers. For
the selection of such teachers the machinery must be very
carefully adjusted. Disturbing elements must be eliminat-
ed. In some universities the choice is left to the vote of
the faculty, which is unsatisfactory, as it allows too large
a scope for the formation of cliques and for wire pulling.

ADDRESSES OF THE YEAR 25

In most of the newer universities on this side of the water
the appointment is made by a Board of Governors or
regents, who are guided by the nomination of the president.
I believe this Board of Governors or regents should be
chosen without reference to any party or any denomination,
and its members drawn from the most high-minded men,
whose single purpose is to serve the state in its intellectual
development, Members of such a Board should, I belive
have more or less permanent positions. At any rate their
appointment should be made for a term of years in such a
way that the majority of the Board may take long views
and pursue plans which have been carefully thought out for
the future.

"Next I wish to speak of the function of the president,
A modern university is so complex that there is need of a
co-ordinating centre. Each department sees its own needs
very strongly. It presses for enlarged equipment and for
increased facilities in teaching. With regard to the amount
of teaching, that is the hours devoted to any subject on the
curriculum, the determination may well be left to the
departments in council. In a general way justice will be
done to each department through the time-table. But the
proportionate outlay in money for equipment can only be
decided satisfactorily by one who is able to take a view of
the whole situation. Furthermore, only one who has this
conjunct view should be able to give most balanced judg-
ment as to the direction which, .from time to time, the
expansion should take. The president has to become the
advisor for the Board of Governors, who as busy men are
only able in a general way to direct the larger plans of a
university. He must give them advice as to the manning of
the staff and as to a multitude of details. It will thus be
seen that his value to the university depends upon the
experience that he accumulates through years as he watches
carefully each day the developing necessities.

"So far I have dealt mainly with what we call the ex-
ternal side of university organization. There is also an
internal side. The professors have been chosen, the staff is
manned and the equipment is provided. These professors
are educational experts. Each man must be assumed to
know his own subject, and he must be trusted in the main
as an expert. He should know, otherwise who can? how
the best educational ideal is to be derived from his subject.
Therefore in the main his judgment as to what course of

26 CANADIAN CLUB OF WINNIPEG.

study his subject admits of must be followed. Associated
with him must be professors of cognate subjects, and
together they will outline the courses of study that will best
prepare a student for the practical discipline of these sub-
jects. These subjects then are grouped into larger wholes,
either for undergraduate courses in arts or for professional
degrees. Thus we get different groups culminating in
faculty councils, the main business of which concerns the
outlining of courses of study, of methods of teaching and
examinations. This side of university life finds its com-
pletest expansion in a highest council representative of all
the faculties. In Toronto this highest council is designated
the senate."

Dr. Falconer then outlined the constitution under which
the federated colleges work in the University of London,
and expressed the opinion that there is a place within the
Provincial University for the denominational colleges,
especially where they were in existence before the state
institution, where place must be determined by history and
local conditions.

In concluding he said: "A well equipped university
costs a great deal of money. There is an ever increasing
demand for its advantages, as may be proved by the rapid
increase in the numbers of students seeking a university
training. The intelligence of a state or province will be
determined in the long run by the efficiency of its higher
education. Out of self-respect it must see that its sons and
daughters have equal privileges with those of other states.
And this can be done only by private, municipal or govern-
ment liberality, or by a combination of all three. Above all
there should be no waste of resources either by antagonism
or by useless reduplications.

"The sources of wealth, the state, the municipality and
private benefaction require cultivation so as to produce the
greatest possible liberality. Intelligent citizens know that
the future depends in large measures upon your university
education. Our civilization is no new thing. The
multitudes who make up these new provinces come from an
old world. Old problems have to be adjusted to new
environments, old ideas adapted to new conditions. Univer-
sities are the line between the old and the new; they are
the mothers of intellectual children who understand old
problems and old ideas and by their mastery of old and new
methods help to solve the problems that confront us."

ADDRESSES OF THE YEAR.

KING EDWARD THE PEACEMAKER.

May 16th, 1910.
Mr. Arthur Spurgeon, London, England.

Vice-President A. B. Stovel introduced Mr. Spurgeon as
follows :

"When your executive made arrangements for Mr. Spur-
geon to address us, we had thought entirely of a different
subject from that of today, but upon wiring him of the
situation he immediately consented to change his subject
and is to speak to us today on "King Edward the Peace-
maker." No doubt you will listen with wrapt attention
to what he has to say to us, because he has been one of
the foremost men in journalistic enterprise in the mother-
land, and he is quite capable of addressing us on this
important subject. I introduce to you Mr. Arthur Spur-
geon, of London, England. ' '

Mr. Spurgeon said: "A task has been thrust upon me
which I very gratefully and cheerfully accepted of speaking
to you a few words today about Edward the Peacemaker.
The suggestion, so kindly made by your secretary, demon-
strates that there is an exception to the world-wide rule
that a King cannot be subject. You have had guests at this
Club far more distinguished than he now addressing you,
but not one of them has had a greater topic than the one
upon which it is my privilege to address you today.

"It seems a short while since I heard the King pro-
claimed in the streets of London in succession to his beloved
mother, Victoria, the Good, followed next year by his
coronation. The day of the coronation was a day of
thrilling emotion never to be forgotten by those who took
part in it in the march of years. And as the shouting died
away and quietude prevailed in the cloistered Abbey, one
could not help asking the question: 'What will the King's
reign bring forth?' 'What will be the writing on the
parchment scroll?'

"Today we are able to give answers to these questions.
The King's reign has been marked by all the best features
of a limited monarchy and there has been no writing in red
on the roll of history. Other Edwards are remembered in

28 CANADIAN CLUB OF WINNIPEG.

the nation's story by reason of their prowess in the field, but
Edward the Seventh will go down to posterity as the King
who gloried in the blessings of peace.

"Gentlemen, I consider that the four most beautiful
words in the English language are: 'Mother,' 'Home,'
'Liberty,' and 'Peace,' and the greatest of these is 'Peace/
because without it the others are apt to be a mockery, a de-
lusion and sometimes a snare. From that night, when in a
blaze of glory over the plains of Bethlehem, the angelic choir
sang the first peace anthem in the world, the aim of all good
men has been to maintain peace and bring about the reign of
peace. Sometimes it has been hard to believe that the
angelic phophecy would ever come true, but we still hold
with our great Victorian poet that the day will dawn when,
' The war drum throbs no longer and the battle flag is furled,
'In the Parliament of Man, the Federation of the World.'

"The pages of history would be monotonous reading, I
admit if there had been no strife between individuals and
nations. But war means suffering and sorrow for count-
less millions and that is why we say 'Happy is the nation
that has no history.' There may not be much in the last
nine years that will appeal to the picturesque pen of the
historian or novelist in search of copy, but who will say that
these years have not been beneficial in a hundred ways and
have brought much happiness into the lives of the people.
No one quality is the alpha and omega of statecraft, but
the preservation of peace is the greatest and that is why I
declare today that King Edward is the noblest king who
ever sat upon the British throne.

"Ten years ago it seemed that Europe was a vast
powder magazine, and men grimly asked each other, 'AVho
will apply the match?' The great peacemaker waved his
hand, and Fashoda developed into the 'Entente Cordiale.'
Who can recall those days of 1900, those dark days when no
one knew what the morrow would bring forth without a
shudder? But the King, supported by responsible states-
men of all parties, tactfully intervened and today France
and England are living in complete amity. As with France
so it will be with Germany if the scaremongers don't undo
the work of their King. But I want to emphasize this, if
you talk about the inevitability of war, that is to make war
inevitable. Gentlemen, I don't believe in predestination in

ADDRESSES OF THE YEAR. 29

theology, and I don't believe it in statecraft. The late
King saw that unless these unfounded suspicions between
England and Germany were removed, peace was in
jeopardy. The task was a stupendous one, but undeterred
by the difficulties of the situation, King Edward faced it
with rare courage and skill.

"Let me tell you of a very significant thing that
happened last June. A deputation of the British churches
—I was on it being a member of the deputation — at the
invitation of the German churches, visited Germany. The
deputation consisted of men of all sects and creeds. Epis-
copalians, Roman Catholics, Presbyterians, Methodists,
Baptists, Independents, Quakers and Unitarians and was
received with the greatest cordiality by the leading states-
men of Germany and by the ecclesiastical dignitaries in all
the churches. When we visited Potsdam to present our
address to the Emperor, he welcomed and entertained us
right royally. A reply couched in gracious terms had been
drawn up and was handed to the Emperor by an officer of
the court to read. The document, as drafted, began,
* Gentlemen,' but when the Emperor read it by a happy
inspiration he added the words, 'And Brethren.' You can
imagine the effect it had on those present, 'Gentlemen and
Brethren/ The Kaiser went on to say that it was his
supreme desire that friendly relations should be maintained
between the two nations and when he made that declaration
I believed him. The utterance of the sentiment was a credit
to the Kaiser's heart, but it was also a tribute to the wisdom
and courage of our dead King.

' ' Then, again, in these days when we hear so much about
class war, it is well to remember that the King's sympathies
were always on the side of those whose life is often one long
struggle with carking care. My friend, Mr. Will Crooks,
who passed through Canada a few months ago, is one of the
most able and trusted labor leaders of England. When the
King was stricken with his mortal illness Mr. Crooks said
that if the King were to die the workers of the country
would lose their best friend. That meant much, coming
from such a man, but it was true, literally true. The people
knew it and they loved their King with a deep and abiding
love, and what higher glory can any monarch desire?

' ' The flying of the Union Jack at half mast, the draping
of the buildings — and may I say parenthetically that no city

30 CANADIAN CLUB OF WINNIPEG.

in the Empire could be more beautifully clothed in mourn-
ing than this fair capital of the prairies — the rolling of
muffled drums next Friday, the dirge of sorrow which wails
through the Empire, all indicate that the people everywhere
realize that the King has gone who labored unceasingly for
the weal of the commonwealth and for the happiness of his
subjects. As one touch of nature makes the whole world
kin, so this touch of sorrow makes the Empire one. Senti-
ment is a lever which moves people and nations more than
anything else in the wide world and the scarlet thread of
sentiment which runs through the British Empire binds it
together with a unity that nothing can ever destroy. No
man did more to cultivate this sentiment than Edward the
Peacemaker and the world is immeasurably poorer because
he has passed into the Great Beyond."

The following resolution was then moved by Mr. I.
Pitblado and seconded by Mr. T. A. Hunt : —

"The Canadian Club of Winnipeg hereby records its
profound regret and deep sorrow at the death of our late
Soverign, King Edward the Seventh. His beneficient rule
and great personal influence did much to knit more closely
together the great Dominions beyond the seas comprised in
the British Empire, and won for him the personal love and
loyalty of his subjects. In addition he showed such true
qualities of kingship and diplomancy as tended to bring
closer together in the bonds of friendship the great nations
of the world, and thus justly earned for himself the title of
'The Peacemaker.' "

As more than King we mourn him. Grief girdles half
mankind,

In brotherhood of sorrow with those he leaves behind.
God, if our best Thou takest,
As anguished hearts Thou breakest
Knit close the bonds Thou makest.

Da pacem Domine.

D. H. Moutray Read,

ADDRESSES OF THE YEAR. 31

THE BRITISH SOUTH POLE EXPEDITION.

Lieutenant Sir Ernest Shackleton, K. C. V. 0.
May 21st, 1910.

After recounting a number of humorous experiences, in
his career as explorer and as lecturer, Sir Ernest said: —

"The Antartic region is a very different place from the
Arctic region. It is a very much colder place and the wind
blows north for three or four days out of every week. The
mean temperature is something like 18 degrees below the
mean temperature of the northern region of the same lati-
tude. There is no animal life down there at all beyond the
sea coast. Once you leave the sea coast you have got to
drag all your food and the nearest approach any one can
make to the South Pole by ship is 730 miles. Within 500
miles of the North Pole there are 133 different kinds of
flowering plants.

"As I said, when you go south from the sea coast you
have to drag every ounce of your food. We used ponies
and we were away for a long, long time. At one time we
thought that we should get the pole, but when we had gone
about 300 miles we came to a range of mountains, some of
which went to a height of 14,000 feet. We had eventually
to climb and climb till we got to a plateau of 10,000 feet
above the sea. When we got up there we had the wind dead
in our faces and though it was in the height of summer the
temperature never once rose above zero. Frequently it was
49 degrees below. We were very comfortable in many
ways. For one thing our boots gave out and we got frost-
bitten through the holes. Then as we walked the wounds
opened and shut like concertinas with almost the same
painful effect. We were reduced to 18 ounces of food per
man per day and that was not sufficient to keep up our body
heat let alone supply muscle wastage.

' ' We were very hungry, in fact we had been hungry for
over three months, or at least we had only had one full meal
in three months, on Christmas Day, and the effect of that
only lasted for about a quarter of an hour. Our mind was
always turning on food, we dreamed of food and talked of
food all day long.

32 CANADIAN CLUB OF WINNIPEG.

1 i There we were ; four serious men marching along. We
never thought of all the grandeur or the glory of the moun-
tains themselves ; we only thought of what we should eat
and as we sat in our tent at night we would nibble round a
biscuit to make it last longer. Our return to the 'Nimrod'
was rather peculiar ; we started on a Friday at four o 'clock
in the morning and picked up the shore again on Sunday.
They had given us up for lost, for we were supposed to be
back by the tenth of February and now it was the first of
March, the day the ship was to sail. They had ordered a
relief party to go down to satisfy our people that we were
dead. This party was just coming down to meet us when
we picked up the ship. That was on a Tuesday night and
from Friday morning at four o'clock until Wednesday at
four o'clock we had done 123 miles with eight hours sleep.
That shows how you can do a good long march in that
climate. That was the end of 1,700 miles of march, the
length of our journey. We all returned without a scratch,
yet the next day Wild slipped on board ship and sprained
his ankle.

"We men down there came to realize when we saw our
depot spring up in front of us just in time for us to pick
up with weather clouds; and when we landed at the only
spot where ice had drifted in, that there was a greater and
higher leadership than our own, looking over us in times
of strain and stress.

' * You must realize, as well as I realize, that unless I had
with me a group of men who were keen for the work of the
expedition, regardless of themselves, disregarding any
thought of themselves, we could not have carried through
the expedition. Everyone, from the youngest man on the
ship to the oldest man in the shore party, worked for the
good of the expedition.

"I cannot express in my own words what is the magnetic
force, the lure that calls one out again to untrodden spaces,
but my men feel it and I feel it, though my lines may be
laid in other places. I would only quote in finishing a
sketch by one of our wonderful poets : —
Yonder the long horizon lies, and there by night and day,
The old ships draw to port again, the young ships sail away.
And come I may, but go I must, and if men ask you why,
You must lay the blame on the sun and the stars, and the

white road and the sky."

ADDRESSES OF THK YEAR. 33

CANADA IN THE MAKING.

Commissioner Coombes, of the Salvation Army.
June 13th, 1910.

Commissioner Coombes said : —

"We must realize that a country, however good its
climate, however wronderful the possibilities of its soil,
however marvellous the arrangements made for the people
who live in it, we must realize that without people the
country is very little use. But if you have people and they
are put to work developing the country, the whole country
must develop. So situated are we in respect to the great
centres of population, so near are we to that great nation
over the border, so great and wonderful are the possibilities
of Canada that it seems to me as if no power could keep her
from marching on to be a great and mighty nation."

"General Booth realized that there must be provided an
outlet for the crowded conditions in the old land, the pres-
sure of which could not be relieved continually by wars
since men are living and learning that there is a better
way to settle difficulties of congestion than by the sword,
so the Salvation Army has had a great deal to do with the
awakening of public opinion in the direction of immigration.
We have made men feel that in the rush for wealth it is of
the greatest possible importance to give a thought to the
people who produce the wealth. It has sometimes been
questioned why a religious organization should have any-
thing to do with something that would appear to be purely
secular. But General Booth long ago conceived the idea that
we would be better fitted to help a man think about those
things pertaining to another world if we gave some thought
about how reasonably and rightly to do the things that are
good for him here. So we set to work to deal with immigra-
tion. First, to deal with it in a common sense manner at
the seat and source of supply; second, to deal with the
stream as it runs ; third, to give our attention to the proper
guidance of the stream of human life when it should get to
this side of the ocean.

"There should be a proper and wise selection of the
people that are coming to this country. General Booth has
striven with all the powers he possesses to direct the peoples

34 CANADIAN CLUB OF WINNIPEG.

of the United Kingdom to other parts of the great British
Empire. He has a decided preference for the peoples of
the United Kingdom; and, while the heart of the Salvation
Army is big enough to take in the world and we stand as a
world-wide organization, we think that in matters of this,
sort, we should use our common sense to see that we bring
to this country people who will assimilate with those who
are here. We are developing along the line of wise and
careful distribution. "We are trying as far as possible to
be ready with situations for the people. We have already
transported train loads of people from the Atlantic to the
Pacific. Every day of the journey to their destination we
are never far away from them. We stay with each until
he is at work and on his feet.

"We have brought to this country during the last four
or five years 60,000 people and I am almost afraid to tell
you, for fear you can scarcely credit it; from sickness,
failure of character and other causes the percentage of
loss has been less than half of one per cent. And I would
say in passing, please do not think that all the people we
bring are members or even adherents of the Salvation Army.
Less than seven per cent, of the people we have brought to-
this country belong to the S. A. Our joy is to help the
man who needs help. It is the man who makes the appeal
to us rather than his creed; and as far as the people we
bring to this country are concerned, we are most careful
as to a man's character and moral standing.

"It is said that a prosperous yeomanry is the backbone
of a nation. Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta are
essentially agricultural countries and must be filled up with
an honest and industrial farming population. Such a
population would be, too, one of the greatest guarantees on
the side of peace. Canada, standing as it is between the
great populations of the east and the west must, as the days
go by, gain increasing weight as a voice in the affairs of
the nation, in the affairs of the Empire and in the affairs
of the world. God grant that we may do our part in help-
ing the growth of this great nation. Then, when the
Salvation Army's record is written, you will be ready to
admit that it takes a not inconsiderable place in the record
of those who have helped to build up this great and wonder-
ful Canada."

ADDRESSES OF THE YKAR. 35

IMPERIAL UNITY.

Colonel Geo. T. Denison, Toronto.
June 24th, 1910.

Colonel Denison began by reviewing conditions in
Canada in his boyhood when "Nova Scotia, as far as facility
of travel was concerned, was farther from Toronto than
Japan is from Winnipeg today," and when "Canada con-
sisted of four little provinces with no Canadian national
sentiment as attached to the soil." When confederation
was carried, however, .young men began to think of the
country, and the "Canada First" party was formed, the
Colonel being a member.

He then spoke as follows: — "When we came to get the
North West Territories into Canada we found a number of
the most serious difficulties in our way. The Hudson's
Bay company did not want to give up their position. The
province of Quebec did not want to get the western country
into our Dominion. The Provinces down by the sea did not
care, and a great many in Ontario felt exactly the same way.
They had read the writings of men in the interests of the
Hudson's Bay company to show that the west was of no
service whatever, that this great half-continent was a
waste place, only useful for growing fur-bearing animals.

"Then came the rebellion, agitated and fostered for
the purpose of preventing our getting this western country.
All over Eastern places it was said $1,500,000 was too much
to spend on a country that would be useless; but the crisis
<»ame when Kiel put to death Thos. Scott, as then we were
able to rouse the feelings of the people. And I say this —
that it should not be many years before the people of the
West put up a monument to that young man who gave his
life for Canada.

"Having got this country we thought the next thing
to do was to form a federation of the British Empire, and
that in time to come Canada would be the most influential
province of all that great confederation. Within the last
few years we have put one railroad across this continent
and another will soon be completed. We are spreading a
layer of people over this continent. We have found out

36 CANADIAN CLUB OF WINNIPEG.

the agricultural and other possibilities of Western Canada,
and our national resources have been measured enough to
excite the cupidity of all the nations upon earth. There-
fore, I say, the best thing for our future is the unification
of our great Empire, with its 450 millions of people and its
eleven million square miles of territory. We can get this
when we have a system of interprovincial tariffs around
our Empire, by which we may feel we have a market for
our own products that the outsider cannot interfere with.
If we make too many reciprocity treaties with other nations,
we are going to tie our hands.

"I want to say one or two words to you as a Canadian
Club. I understand the Canadian Club does not belong to
any political party. I hope its members will try to spread
that idea through the country. Why should the farmer or
artisan, say: 'I am pledge to vote for one party or the
other.' Put your country first, beyond everything. What
does it matter to the Canadian people which political party
has the distribution of patronage? What difference does
it make to us who gets the contracts and the rake-offs ? We
are going to support whichever party is going to work the
most and the best for Canada."

Sharers of our glorious past,
Brothers, must we part at last?
Shall we not thro' good and ill
Cleave to one another still?
Britain's myriad voices call,
"Sons, be wedded each and all,
Into one imperial whole,
One with Britain, heart and soul !
One life, one flag, one fleet, one throne !
Britains, hold your own ! ' '

Tennyson.

ADDRESSES OF THE YEAR. 37

THE BOY SCOUTS.

Lieut.-Gen. Sir Robert Baden-Powell, K.C.B., F.R.G.S.
August 26th, 1910.

Lieut.-Gen. Baden-Powell said: —

"This scheme for boys is probably what you have
heard a great deal about, and probably know very little
about. Here the North-West Mounted Police come in
because the kind of scouting we adopted is not that of
soldiering. There is such a thing as Peace Scouting; that
is the work carried out by experienced hunters, by lumber-
men, and by frontiersmen all over the Empire in the furthest
extremes of civilization. Those are the men who are paving
the way for civilization. They are away from all help and
have to rely on their own resources day by day, meeting
dangers of both flood and field. They have to be trusted
to do their duty because there are no people there to super-
vise them at that distance. They are far away from the
praise of newspapers and are simply carrying out their
duty because it is their duty. They are not only self-reliant
but they are helpful to others. They have to practice a true
spirit of comradeship and it developes into a real chivalrous
feeling of helping each other, even by making sacrifices.
The consequence is that when they come back into civiliza-
tion at rare intervals they are found to be natural, chivalr-
ous and patriotic gentlemen. These are the best we have
of our race.

' ' In building up a new great nation as you are now doing
you must necessarily include in it a great many elements of
different creeds and different nationalities which will re-
quire binding together to make one strong whole. In this
scheme of ours among the boys scouts we instill into them
the great idea of comradeship and brotherhood without
regard to class, creed, color or nationality, and the curious
point is that they accept it. There is no snobbishness
amongst the boys. In England the slum boys are as much
attracted by our movement as are the boys from the public
schools and they meet together on absolutely equal terms.
That is the possibility about this movement if you adopt
it in this country. It may be the means of bringing
together the numerous elements of class, creed and specially
nationality. That is why I ask your consideration of it
from your own point of view.

38 CANADIAN CLUB OF WINNIPEG.

"The methods we adopt are those of making the whole
scheme as attractive as possible to the boys. We look at
the matter from the boys point of view rather than our own.
We make it attractive to them by teaching them backwood-
smanship and then we introduce gently the different points
we want them to learn and to carry into practice. The boy
learns to cook for himself, to make his own shack, to put
up his own tent, to make his own bed. These are the
preliminary trainings of a boy scout and teach him readiness
in using his own hands and head. We then go on to teach
the chivalry of backwoodsmen. The boy must develop his
own resources and extend the good work to those around
him. Eventually we teach him that self-sacrifice is the
highest point. He learns to save life and this is often
carried into practice. Finally he is taught patriotism and
how it is his duty to sacrifice himself should it be required
of him in the cause of his country.

' ' I want you to understand that soldiering forms no part
of our policy. We are only trying to make the boys into
good citizens which is something more than trying to make
them into good soldiers. We want to develop the individual
character and soldiering does the contrary as soldiers are
made part of a machine. There are many parents too who
object to their children being taught what they call militar-
ism. These parents can have no objection to our scheme
because we rather deprecate military training.

' * We have also been asked about our religious principles ;
as a matter of fact we have no religious principles. We do
not want to take the place of pastors or parents in the
matter of instruction or religion, but we expect the boys to
have some form of religion and not merely to profess it but
to carry it into practice. We have our morning service
and our divine service on Sunday, and Nature Study on
Sunday afternoon. Our form of service is of the simplest
nature and has been arranged by our council, which
includes heads of the different churches It is not obligatory.
There is only one principal we insist upon, viz, — that every
day each boy must do at least one good act to some one.
They are put on their honor to do this, and I firmly believe
that every single one of them carry it out religiously because
I have received quite a number of letters from complete
strangers in every corner of the world informing me of little
acts which have been done for them."

ADDRESSES OF THE YEAR. 39

TOWN PLANNING AND HOUSING.

September 5th, 1910.
Henry Vivian, M. P., for Birkenhead, England.

"During the last ten years public opinion has been
greatly aroused upon this question by a series of reports
bearing on the physical and moral health of our people, and
action is now being taken in most of. our important towns.
In different parts of the country enquiries were held by
committees interested in this question,, with a view to show-
ing what was the relation between the physical deteriora-
tion of a large mass of the people and their home conditions
and their housing, and a close relation has certainly been
established between the demoralization of the individual and
the house in which he lives, the conditions of his home, the
air space, the surrounding of his dwelling and so forth.
Some of the facts brought out by these enquiries were
indeed startling.

"In Liverpool an inquiry was made by, I think, the
Medical Health Officer, who divided the schools into three
grades. The first grade represented schools of the fairly
well to do; the second represented the fairly well paid or
moderately well paid artisan ; the third included the schools
of the badly housed working population of Liverpool. He
examined these children, noting their height, chest meas-
urement and so on. A comparison was afterwards made
between the facts brought out by this enquiry and the con-
dition of the children in the schools of the famous industrial
village of Port Sunlight. There you have children of men
employed in the great soap works, ordinary working men,
laborers and mechanics. Three thousand odd are employed
and they are not over paid. The children are not the
children of the luxurious, but just the ordinary children of
ordinary working parents. Port Sunlight is only three or
four miles from Liverpool and the people are in the main
drawn from Liverpool, so that you are dealing in the main
with the same class of people transferred to healthy con-
ditions. The ages taken were 7, 11, and 14 years, and the
comparison shows that at the age of 14 the children in the
Port Sunlight schools were five inches higher than the

40 CANADIAN CLUB OF WINNIPEG.

children who resided in the badly housed districts of Liver-
pool. It is further found that on the average they were
thirty pounds heavier.

"The Medical Health Officer for Finsbury, one of the
boroughs of London, with a population of 110,000, held an
inquiry which showed that the death rate in the one-roomed
house was 40 per thousand; in the two-roomed home 20 per
thousand; in the three-roomed home 15 per thousand. In
regard to the infantile death rate the report showed that
in the one-roomed homes the innocents were slaughtered at
the rate of 219 or 220 per thousand, and the number was
brought down to nearly 90 in the three-roomed home, and
even in these cases the three-roomed homes were not boauti-
fully situated.

' ' When we realized the havoc wrought on the life of the
individual by the one-roomed home, and when we realized
the proportion of our population who lived under these
conditions, we saw that we had to act promptly if we were
to continue to hold our own in the struggle with the other
nations of the world.

"A company has been formed in England to build a
model city for 30,000 people about 40 miles north of London.
There, of course, we are not dealing with an expanding city
population, but we are building it on a systematic plan with
main roads where the traffic is heavy and minor roads lead-
ing to the residential property. There is adequate
provision in advance for playing sites for the children and
larger areas of commons and parks. This city is advanc-
ing steadily and although good in itself I think its best
feature will be its educational value to the public men of
England.

"The co-partnership tenants' movement, of which I am
chairman, has also taken in hand the development of a
number of suburbs in different parts of England with a view
to demonstrating proper examples of how these suburbs
should be laid out so as to provide the conditions I have
referred to. We have purchased a tract of some three
hundred acres, and we are laying it out for a population of
15,000, providing about eight houses to the acre. I have
seen as many as 59 working class dwellings to the acre, so
that when you realize that we have dropped out the odd 50
you will form some opinion of the increased breathing space

ADDRESSES OF THE YEAR. 41

for the people. On that estate we are now buying another
400 acres, and when it is fully developed we expect to have
a population of 30,000 as a suburb just on the edge of Lon-
don. There, in Hampstead, we are not merely providing
for the working man. Our intention is to get a complete
community, as far as possible. I personally do not like
the tendency to segregate the different classes of the com-
munity and pin them off as it were, and say these are the
laborers' quarters, these are the skilled workmen's quarters,
and this is where the millionaire lives. That sort of
thing does not make for the healthiest kind of social life in a
town. The possibility of connection should be created in
your great cities so that class wars might be softened. You
soften this feeling by getting a constant contact between
the different classes, and by letting them get each other's
point of view you get a higher standard of civilization.
Our experience in London leads us to believe in this ideal.
We find that in our Hampstead suburb the different classes
are rendering considerable assistance to each other. Of
course the man who pays $200 a year gets a different house
to the man who pays only $1.50 a week, but we have not
fenced them in in the way which is common in our big
cities. We stimulate love of gardening with the result that
this suburb certainly provides an excellent example of how
to develop in the best sense of the word, not only the
physical health and well being of the people, but a spirit of
neighborliness between all the Various classes which go to
make up the community."

Summing up Mr. Vivian continued: "In Canada here
you have got a cleaner slate than we have in England.
Your towns are younger, newer and so on. Ours, although
growing in many cases, have covered a great deal of ground,
and we have to remove many obstacles before we can carry
out our complete plan. But here you have a comparatively
free hand, and you have the necessary machinery for
developing your towns on more rational and scientific lines.
I do not believe that the possession of forethought necessar-
ily means that you shall fix your ideas to that you are
incapable of changing them. I must say here that since
my visit to Canada I have seen one or two districts where
there already exists a state of affairs which, I am confident,
would not be tolerated in London for 24 hours. You
already have your slums, and the people of the particular
city I am speaking of are very much alive to it. I have

42 CANADIAN CLUB OF WINNIPEG.

been to a number of your suburbs and found that side by
side with a modern civilization centres are springing up
which must be slum areas within a very few years. I think
I may fairly say that by acting along these lines you will
not only be rendering service to Canada, but you will be
rendering service to the race itself. I am most anxious
that the Anglo-Saxon and British race should keep its end
up in this struggle between the nations. We can only keep
our end up by steadily providing, in the furthering of
industrial life, for those conditions that will enable the
individual unit to develop the greatest efficiency. If we are
not careful we shall think too much in lumps and speak too
much in millions, and so on, and after all the efficiency of
the army does not merely, and scarcely ever, depend upon
the number of heads in the army, but depends upon the
efficiency of each unit. How often we have seen that in
our inspection of English victories on the battlefield, and
after all we are only continuing the form of battle. The
struggle still goes on. I believe we are having a higher
form of struggle and I think the industrial struggle is
far higher than the struggle on the battlefield, but it is
none the less a struggle. So I say that, today in our
great struggle for the leadership of the civilized world,
our victory to a great extent depends upon the way our
towns are built up, and in the substitution of rural for
town life. I admit that the problem of housing and town
planning is the most important single factor. You can
spend millions of money, as we are doing in England, to
educate our children, but when they have to go from the
schools to homes that are scarcely fit for cattle, they lose
to a very large measure the benefit they have received from
our expenditure on their education. It should be remem-
bered, too, that so many people take to drink in consequence
of the awful conditions under which they live. How can
you condemn a man for going to the public house when he
has only a one-roomed tenement which is a hell on earth.
The wonder is not that so many of them go for the drink,
as that any of them remain sober under these conditions.
You can only expect a barbarous character from barbar-
ous conditions of home life, and I say, therefore, that
wrapt up in this question is, to a large extent, the whole
future of our race, and I trust that Canada, with its
glorious opportunities, may be found leading in the van
of this movement."

ADDRESSES OF THE YEAR. 43

THE FUTURE OF GREATER BRITAIN.

September 13th, 1910.

Sir George Doughty, Grimsby, England, ex-M. P., of the
British House of Commons.

Sir George Doughty said: "I desire to thank you in the
first place for your kindness in giving me an opportunity to
say a few words to you upon a question I am perfectly
sure lies as near your heart as it does mine. I know the
invitation is not a personal one. It arises very much, I
have no doubt, from the fact that for many years I have
endeavored to make a study of that which I believe would
be the best, not only for Britishers living in the various
parts of the kingdom today, but for those Britishers who
have to follow us, carry our responsibilities and, I hope,
enjoy the advantages of the great security which our throne
and our government give to men.

"Sometimes persons who travel across countries and
continents may be struck with other matters or with things
making against their great future, even those who are living
amongst the work and life of the different peoples. Now
one thing I am very much impressed and pleased with is
this : That the government of the great continent is modelled
upon lines of freedom, the principles which have made
Britain the greatest country in the world, if I may say
that without egotism, and which ensure to her citizens the
greatest amount of liberty. These great principles are at
the foundations of the various governments you have upon
the Canadian continent.

"I have heard a number of expressions of opinion from
various classes of men since I have been here. I do not
know how many there are in this room who think that
Canada some day may walk alone. I hope if she does ever
try to do so she will walk warily and that that time will not
be yet. Because, however much the Canadians may think
they will get on very well together, I would suggest to you
that the more important you become, the more your
various countries are known throughout the world for rich-
ness and the blessings of wealth, the more certainly will
foreign nations jealously look upon you and covet what
you have got. And as soon as they begin to covet your

44 CANADIAN CLI B OF WINNIPEG.

goods or lands your trouble and anxiety commences. You
will begin to feel that it is not at all an easy thing to found
a nation and make it secure in a single generation. But
I do not believe the time will ever dawn when Canada will
desire to separate herself from her sister nations in the
British Crown, and attempt in any way to walk alone. For,
you know, I was struck with another thing, and that is the
spirit of patriotism which 1 observe everywhere throughout
the whole of this Dominion. I do not say it is in every
case a spirit of patriotism or even affection for England,
but there is an inner, deeper, stronger patriotism, which
means much to the men living on this side of the world,
viz., their patriotism and affection for the British Empire.

"Now the trend of everything is towards empires.
We have seen, many of us here, the creation of the German
Empire. It was the great statesman Prince Bismark, that
created the German Empire, when he brought the German
and Prussian states together under one great government
and authority and power. The German Empire is a great
power in the world today and I hope will continue to be in
the future. You have, in the recollection of many men here,
the case of the great Empire of the United States, the
foundation of which was laid when all the different states
were federated under what I venture to call the splendid
government of today. We have in the world also the great
empires of China and Russia which presently may become a
great force and power among the peoples of the earth.
And so I say of Japan and other peoples, who by their power
and co-hesion are becoming great peoples and governed by
world-desires for fame, and probably in the long run for
territory. Now, what are we going to become as British-
ers? Are we to become a proud body of nations, proud of
our past, or are we to become federated and consolidated
into one great government that shall wield its influence for
good much more in the future than we have had the
privilege and opportunity of doing in the past.

"I hope as years go on we may be able to evolve such a
condition of government for our people that there shall be,
in the House of Commons, if you like, or in some other
great place in some portions of the Empire, from time to
time, a government which shall meet for purely Imperial
purposes, that shall have a right to govern the British
people in all great Imperial questions and subjects, and that

ADDRESSES OF THE YEAR. 4.")

shall secure for them that protection which they need,
through their navy and through their army; and that
there shall be such unison of action and thought arising
in every part of the British Dominions that the people of
the world shall know that in the future as in the past
Britishers mean to be supreme throughout the earth."

' ' It will not be easy to evolve that federal parliament to
which I have referred. Difficulties will arise, but from
every part of the British world are coming that influence
and power which mean in the end the accomplishment of
the great federal ideal for which Mr. Chamberlain and
many fought throughout Greater Britain and for which
they have been earnestly working and anxiously hoping.
I believe we can do our own business with our own people
better than we can do it with foreigners, our present or
future potential enemies.

"It is wiser and better to have commercial bonds
operating and working through all the British peoples
for mutual advantage. It is better for them and for us
than any other trade existing with any other people,
wherever they may be found.

"May I tell you that I am a free trader, but I will tell
you what sort of free trade I believe in. I believe in free
trade if the people with whom I deal are free traders. I
say that the man who believes in free trade for himself
and protection for the gentleman on the other side he has
to do with, is fighting a battle with one hand tied behind
him. It must follow from the study of Canadian history
that a very large proportion of your industrial success is
due to the common sense you have applied in having a
tariff and in seeing that your small industries had a right
to live amongst you. I would like to see all the world
exchanging goods freely, as that would be the best thing
for everybody. But if you cannot sell your goods in a
foreign market because they put on a duty of forty per
cent, and still let the foreigner into your market, let him sell
his goods without charging him anything at all, how do
you expect to prosper? That is the condition of things in
England and I hope the day is not far off when the question
of a federal parliament, with representation from every part
of the British Empire, shall be a matter not only discussed
amongst our people throughout the world, but be a fact

46 CANADIAN CLUB OF WINNIPEG.

and realized in all its great advantages to every part of
the British Empire."

Short addresses were also made by Mr. Chas. M. Hays,.
President of the Grand Trunk Railway, and Mr. Alan
Smithers, chairman of the Board of Directors of the Grand
Trunk Railway.

Where is the true man's fatherland?

Is it where he by chance is born?

Doth not the yearning spirit scorn ,
In such scant borders to be spanned?

0, yes, his fatherland must be

As the blue heaven wide and free !

Is it alone where freedom is,

Where God is God and man is man?
Doth he not claim a broader span

For the soul's love of home than this?
0, yes, his fatherland must be
As the blue heaven wide and free !

Where'er a human heart doth wear
Joy's myrtle-wreath or sorrow's gyves,
Where'er a human spirit strives

After a life more true and fair,

There is the true man's birthplace grand,
His is a world-wide fatherland !

LowelL

ADDRESSES OF THE YEAR. 47

October 14th, 1910.

Address by Sir Henry Spencer Berkeley, Attorney-General
of the Crown Colony of Hong Kong.

The speaker, after a brief description of Hong Kong
and its capital Victoria, went on to speak of the com-
mercial importance of the colony. "British trade in the
East," he said, "was gigantic. His hearers might gain some
idea of the volume of the trade if he were to tell them that
the returns of the harbor master for the last year amounted
to 25,000,000 tons. They could not take that in right off,
but if they looked up their books of reference they would
iind that it exceeded the trade of New York and approached
that of London. In the harbor of Hong Kong, one might
often see eighty ships — and by that he meant eighty steam-
ers— including great ocean-going steamers. One might see
vessels from the American liner "Minnesota," of 27,000
tons, down to steamers of a few tons, all carrying cargo
to be distributed to the millions of China.

"Hong Kong was a great clearing-house for mercantile
shipping in the far East. The great steamers unloaded their
goods in go-downs. The expression "go-down" was a very
curious one. Originally the Chinese had been very hostile
to the British, for the place had been acquired by force of
arms, and at a great sacrifice of blood and money. In
the early days the factories and warehouses had been
"built with walls around them and the merchants 'had
always been ready and prepared to defend them. Thus
it had come about that the merchants had lived on the
ground floor and had done their business in the cellars for
the greater protection of their wares. The expression
"go-down" had persisted to the present time, the word
"warehouse" never being used. Cargoes amounting to
hundreds of thousands of tons were stowed away in the go-
downs and gradually distributed from Hong Kong along the
Chinese coast towns and cities, and even to the Philippine
Islands with the exception of Manilla. Ships also sailed
from Hong Kong to Borneo, Celebes, and through the
Straits of Malacca, all along the Malay peninsula. Hong
Kong still had nearly all the coast trade to the south of
€hina and Siam down to Saigon and then up to Amoy,
Swatow, etc.

48 CANADIAN CLUB OF WINNIPEG.

"In physical formation Hong Kong was admirably
adapted for the purpose for which the British required it.
Nature must have known that the British required a place
of that sort. There was along the coast for about twelve
miles an enormous volume of easy water always available
for safe and secure anchorage. Opposite the business
portion of Victoria the harbor was about one mile across to
the Chinese mainland; in other parts it was three miles
across, and altogether there were some hundreds of square
miles of water affording: safe anchorage.

"Up till 1898 the British had only that part of the
mainland immediately opposite Hong Kong, perhaps two
miles along the peninsula of Kowloon. At the back of
that lay a magnificent range of mountains from 4,000 to
5,000 feet high, from which Hong Kong was liable to be
shelled at any time by an enemy. In such circumstances
Hong Kong could not have been held for a day. For-
tunately, by a diplomatic arrangement obtained in .1898 a
frontier was secured twenty miles back beyond the hills.
With adjacent islands which also became British, the new
territory comprised about 600 square miles.

"The population of Hong Kong was something like
400,000, including the- new territory, but there were only
from 10,000 to 16,000 English-speaking people. The
British were the guiding power there. The mass of the
Chinese, some of them wealthy merchants, were all imbued
with a feeling of loyalty to Britain. The Chinese appre-
ciated the condition of law and order maintained by the
British, and also the British administration of justice.
Good administration of justice was the one thing that has
made the British pre-eminently the rulers of what were
9alled "native races."

"The land which the British had acquired back of the
hills had a considerable population, amounting to about
100,000. The result of acquiring that territory had been
to enable them to extend out of the island of Hong Kong
across to the Kowloon peninsula. The place was thus
spreading back and back and was becoming very large.
In fact it was going to be the "Winnipeg of that part of
the world. They did not speak about real estate agents
there, but they had the same thing, land investment com-
panies, people who knew when to buy and where to get off
at and that sort of thing.

ADDRESSES OF THE YEAR. 49

' 'At the present time a railway was being constructed
which would give direct connection with Pekin, and thence
by the main line with Vladivostok. Irkutsk, Moscow and
Berlin/'

In regard to the food supply of China, the speaker
said that there had been of late years an enormous increase
in the consumption of flour. Until quite recently the
Chinese had been entirely a rice-eating people, but now
they used flour quite extensively. Hundrds and thousands,
probably millions of bags of flour were now imported
every year into China. Principally this flour came from
Portland, Oregon, but to his knowledge there was a large
import of wheat from Vancouver. He supposed the day
was coming when Canada would think it worth while to
cultivate the Chinese market for flour, and when Canada
wanted the trade she could have it.

After referring to Canton and the enormous and
wealthy territory of which it is the capital, Sir Henry
proceeded to describe somewhat the journey to Seattle and
across the continent. Speaking of Winnipeg, he said :

"I came on here through all the western towns nnd do
not for a moment wish to be thought insincere or flattering,
but I am bound to say that you are to be congratulated on
the excellent city you have built here in Winnipeg. It is
noble in its proportions and its streets are magnificent.
Streets like Broadway, Portage avenue and Main street are
as fine as those of most cities in Europe. I think the
idea of planning central avenues quite a good one. One
thing in which I think you are making a mistake is not
having squares in the towns. Perhaps these great avenues
of yours like Broadway may supply the place of squares,
but I doubt it very much. It may not be too late in the
day now to lay out something like the good old parks in
London. London is a city of the woods you know. You
cannot turn around in London, or go very far, without
coming to one of these beautiful squares such as Regent's
Park or Kensington Gardens. These squares have made
London the healthy place which it is. Even down in the
poorer quarters there are these fine gardens and open
spaces. They are a great asset and it is a great thing to
have a city laid out in parks for those who like to go into
them. . . . Naturally you won't have many roads yet,

50 CANADIAN CLUB OF WINNIPEG.

but you have got great railroads at any rate. There is an
old saying : ' Show me the roads of a country and I will tell
you the character of its people,' and I have no doubt that
Canadians come up in character to their great streets and
railroads."

Sons in my gates of the West,

Where the long tides foam in the dark of the pine,
And the cornlands crowd to the dim sky-line,
And wide as the air are the meadows of kine,

What cheer from my gates of the West?

"Peace in thy gates of the West,

England, our mother, and rest,
In our sounding channels and headlands frore
The hot Norse blood of the northern hoar
Is lord of the wave as the lords of yore,

Guarding thy gates of the West.

But thou, 0 mother, be strong,

In thy seas for a girdle of towers,
Holding thine own from wrong,

Thine own that is ours,
Till the sons that are bone of thy bone
Till the brood of the lion upgrown

In a day not long,
Shall war for our England's own,
For the pride of the ocean throne,

Be strong, 0 mother, be strong!"

John Huntley Skrine.

OFFICERS

ASSOCIATION OF CANADIAN CLUBS, 1910-1911

President . . . . W. SANFORD EVANS, Winnipeg
Vice-President . . MRS. R. WILSON REFORD, Montreal

Provincial Vice-Presidents

NOVA SCOTIA . . . . M. GUMMING, B.A., B.S.A., Truro

NEW BRUNSWICK . . R. A. BORDEN, K.C., St. John

QUEBEC E. F. SURVEYOR, K.C., Montreal

ONTARIO RHYS D. FAIRBAIRN, Toronto

MANITOBA . . . . THEO. A. HUNT, WINNIPEG

SASKATCHEWAN . . WILLIAM TRANT, REGINA

ALBERTA C. W. ROWLEY, CALGARY

BRITISH COLUMBIA . . J. N. ELLIS, Vancouver

Honorary Secretary-Treasurer
R. H. SMITH, Winnipeg

List of Canadian Clubs of Canada, with names of President
and Secretary, and date of organization of each Club.

Compiled June 1st, 1911.

ONTARIO

PRESIDENT SECRETARY ORGANIZED
Hamilton C. R. McCullough Chas. E. Kelly 1892-3

— ° '• *•• «*•* tekSW «<»

London .S. F. Glass F. N. C. McCutchc-on 1907

Guelph J. J. Drew, K.C R. Harcourt 1907

St. Mary's L. A. Eddy, B.A W. M. Dickson, U.A 1907

Brockville II. A. Stewart A. M. Patterson 1909

Peterborough Dr. G. Stewart Cameron. .W. R. Morris 1907

Collingwood Dr. G. M. Aylesworth.... A. H. Cuttle 1907

Perth J. A. Stewart Wm. P. McEwan 1906

Port Arthur A. J. McComber J. F. H?witson 1907

Brantford Geo. M. Muirhead Arch. M. Harley 1907

St. Catherines Dr. E. M. Hooper D. Muir 1904

Ottawa Gerald H. Brown Herbert I. Thomas 1904

Kenora Allan McLellan M. McCullough 1910

Fort William Dr. C. C. McCullough. ...A. A. Wilson 1907

Huntsville J . W. Hart, M.I) E:. C. Wainwright 191O

Bowmanville J. H. J. Jury Dr. Bonnycastle

Woodstock Rev. C. S. Pedley M. J. Brophy 1907

Barrie Daniel Quinlan S. McAdam

Berlin v Richard Reid t'Mndlay I. Weaver 1908

Belleville C. M. Reid I. L. Hess

Cornwall J. A. Chisholm J. G. ilarkness

Kingston O. D. Skelton L. W. Gill 1910

Orilla John C. Miller T. C. Doidge 1905

St. Thomas E. A. Horton ,C. B. Taylor 1907

Sarnia F. F. Pardee, M.I' W. A. Dent 1910

Chatham Col. F. Stone Will Forman .....1910

NEW BRUNSWICK

St. John George A. Henderson II. A. Porter 1907

Moncton C. F. Burns E. J. Payson 1907

Frederic-ton .C. Fred Chestnut Arthur R. Slipp, M.P.P

NOVA SCOTIA

Parrsboro' Hugh McKenzie, K.C C. S. McArthur 1908

Kentville Geo. E. Faulkner I). McGillivray 1907

Amherst Dr. F. G. McDougall E. E. Hewson

Halifax P. Innis F. C. Rand 1910

Truro ('apt. Johnson Spicer W. H. HHding I'.UO

QUEBKC

Quebec Geo. F, Vandry {

Montreal Geo. Lyman Royal L. H. Ewing 1905

Hull

MANITOBA
PRESIDENT SECRETARY ORGANIZED

Portage la Prairie.Xt. Col. H. J. Cowan.. ..E. K. Marshall 1906

Winnipeg Isaac Pitblado, K.C R. H. Smith 1904

Brandon J. D. Kilgour W. J. Green

SASKATCHEWAN

Yorkton Rev. F. C. Cornish Dr. McDonald 1910

Regina T. K. Perrett J. E. Doerr 1907

Moosejaw J. W. Sifton Geo. El. Meldruin

Saskatoon H. L. Jordan, B.A J. D. Gunn 1907

Weyburn Frank Moffatt .S. D. Boylan 1910

ALBERTA

Carnrose J. K. Burgess .Tames Pike 1907

Calgary C. W. Rowley John W. Hugill 1907

Daysland E. W. Day S. E. James

Edmonton W. A. Greisbach John Blue 1906

Lethbridge W. A. Buchannan, M. L.A

BRITISH COLUMBIA

Vancouver .Ewing Bucan J. R. V. Dunlop 1905

Victoria Lindley Crease Frank S. Clark

Prince Rupert Judge F. McB. Young.. .Dr. W. Barratt Clayton 1910

Nelson Dr. Arthur Geo. H. Playle

WOMEN'S CANADIAN CLUBS

Fort William, OntMrs. Peter McKellar ..Mrs. Arthur F. Crowe 1909

Toronto, Ont Miss Constance R. Boulton'.Mrs. J. B. Tyrrell 1908

Berlin, Ont Mrs. R. Wood Miss M. Dunham 1910

London, Ont Lady Gibbons .Mrs. C. W. Belton 1910

North Bay Mrs. Lotta Gould Mrs. Mary C. Shepherd

Ottawa Mrs. Clifford Sifton Mrs. P. D. Ross 1910

St. John, N. B...Mrs. E. A. Smith Mrs. G. M. Campbell 1909

Halifax, N. S

Montreal, P. Q Mrs. R. Wilson Reford...Mrs. Graham Drinkwater 1907

Quebec, P. Q Madam Grondirx JMlfe MfLwis™ }Joint 1909

Winnipeg Miss E. L. Jones Mrs. Francis Graham 190/7

Calgary ...Mrs. C. A. Stuart Mrs. A. M. Moore 1910

Vancouver Mrs. R. MacKay-Fripp Mrs. R. C. Boyle 1909

Victoria.... ....Mrs. F. B. Pemberton Mrs. Francis Hallam 1909

\

DE MONTFORfT PRESS
WINNIPEG