"CO
5)00 facts about Canada
1914
! • •* ! -1
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Down Among Men
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The Double Track Way
THE GRAND TRUNK RAILWAY SYSTEM
is the only double track railway between Montreal,
Toronto and other principal cities in Canada, and the
longest continuous double track railway in the world
under one management.
Fast trains are operated with through sleeping
cars from Quebec, Montreal, Portland, Boston and
New York to Chicago, passing through a territory
full of interest, giving the traveller an opportunity of
visiting most of the leading cities in Canada .
Niagara Falls may also be visited en route.
Stop over is allowed on all first-class tickets at
Montreal, Toronto, Niagara Falls, Detroit and
Hamilton.
Write for " Trains 3 and 4 " descriptive of the
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THE
CANADIAN NORTHERN
RAILWAY SYSTEM
Canada's Second Transcontinental
Operating
Railways, Steamships, Hotels, Express
and Telegraphs-
At the close of I9i3» over 7000 miles in operation ;
1000 miles nearing completion.
By extending means of transportation to huge areas of
hitherto unproductive territory, the Canadian Northern has
created for Canada a development unparalleled in the history of
progress. It has opened up for agriculture the finest sections of
.Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta, and made accessible the
great ai.d fertile "Clay-belt" of Northern Ontario. Older
Ontario and the Province of Quebec have received a new impetus
from its lines.
OPPORTUNITIES.
Along- the lines of the Canadian Northern there are splendid
opportunities for every kind of enterprise, 35,000 free farms for
the homesteader, and openings for the artisan, lumberman
and business man.
For the Capitalist, immense natural resources, timber, min-
eral and the greatest waterpowers in the country adjacent or
within transmissible distance of the line.
FISHING AND HUNTING.
The best districts for Moose, Caribou. Elk, Bear, Deer,
Mountain Sheep, Mountain Goat are along lines ot the Canadian
Northern. In Quebec and Lake St. John district*, Laurentides
National Park, Xipig^n and contiguous waters, is the finest
trout fishing in Canada.
ILLUSTRATED LITERATURE.
The Company publishes a large number of interesting illus-
trated publications, including " The Key to Prosperity," "35,000
Free Homoteads," " Muskoka," "Rainy River District,"
" Where to Fish" and a number of others, which will be sent free
on application to General Passenger Department, Toronto, Ort.,
Montreal, Que., or Winnipeg, Man.
FACTS ABOUT THE CANADIAN GOVERNMENT
RAILWAYS.
INTERCOLONIAL RAILWAY AND PRINCE EDWARD
ISLAND RAILWAY.
Building of the Intercolonial Eailway was incorpor-
ated in the Act of Confederation, 1867.
The only All-Canadian Railway from Montreal to the
Atlantic ports, St. John, Halifax, the Sydneys and to New-
foundland.
Two express trains, Ocean Limited, daily, Maritime
Express, daily except Saturday, from Montreal to Halifax.
Shortest line between Montreal and Quebec, and the
only route to the summer resorts of the Lower St. Law-
rence.
Most direct route to the great salmon and trout rivers
and big game hunting grounds in Quebec and Maritime
Provinces.
"Ocean Limited" in summer traverses the famed
Metapedia and Wentworth Valleys in daylight.
Head offices of the Government Hallways at Moncton,
the Hub of the Maritime Provinces. In the vicinity are
greatest natural gas, oil and shale areas in Eastern Canada.
'Connection made by steamer across Straits of North-
Cumberland from Point du Chene with Prince Edward
Island — the Garden of the Gulf — noted for its salubrious
summer climate, farm produce and oyster beds, and more
recently as the home of the fox farming industry.
Car ferry iwill shortly be established between Cape
Tormentine, New Brunswick, and Cape Traverse, Prince
Edward Island-
The Intercolonial Railway is the trunk line through
the Maritime Provinces, with their glorious summer cli-
mate, vast mineral and agricultural wealth.
The Intercolonial Railway traverses the beautiful
island of Cape Breton to the Sydneys, with their great
steel and coal industries.
Dining and sleeping car service and general equipment is
the equal of, and train service more frequent in proportion
to population served than any railway in America.
Fast freights daily between Montreal and Halifax.
Government Railways are noted for the courtesy of
the employees.
If it isn't an Eastman, it isn't a Kodak.
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Kodaks$7.ooandup. Brownie Cameras, (they
work like Kodaks) $1.00 to $12 oo are fully de-
scribed in the Kodak catalogue. Free at your
dealers or by mail.
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TORONTO
The Province of Ontario
Canada's Premier Province
Ontario is three times as large as the United
Kingdom,
Ontario is rich in natural resources of Timber,
Minerals, Soil, etc.
Ontario offers attractive opportunities to the
settler, the manufacturer and the investor.
Ontario produces 40 per cent of Canada's field
crops ; 75 per cent of Canada's fruit, 75 per cent of
Canada's dairy products
Ontario's values of land, buildings, implements
and live stock, $1,341,469,232.
Ontario's field crops value, 1912 (census estimate),
$204,549,000 ;
Ontario's mining production. 1912 ( Bureau of
Mines estimate ). $47,471,920, or about 40 per cent of
all Canada yield.
Ontario's timber cut, 1912. 926,774,937, or nearly
one-half of total Canadian cut.
Ontario's area, under new boundaries, 418,262
square miles, 267 million acres.
Ontario has millions of acres of Crown Lands for
sale, cheap and on easy terms, to intending settlers.
Ontario is rich in water powers and industries.
Ontario is spending large sums in opening up New
Ontario by roads etc.
Ontario offers attractive living conditions as to
climate, travelling facilities and educational and other
opportunities.
Send for government reports to
HON. W. H. HEARST,
Minister of Lands, Forests and Mines,
PARLIAMKXT BLDGS., TORONTO
BRITISH COLUMBIA
The Province of Prosperity and Progress
A FEW FACTS.
British Columbia Produced in 1912:
Agriculture $22,269,768
Mining 32,440 800
Timber, (est) 28,750,0 0
Fisheries 13,677,125
Manufactures (est) 45,COO,000
Total trade 1912-1913, $93,633,5*8, an in-
crease of $65,000,000 in nine years.
Full information regarding British Columbia
can be obtained free from the Secretary, Bureau of
Provincial Information, Victoria, B.C.
Canada Permanent
Mortgage Corporation
Toronto Street - Toronto
ESTABLISHED J855
President . . . W. G. GOODERHAM
First Vice-President . . W. D. MATTHEW*
Second Vice-President . . G. W. MotK
Joint General Managers . R. S. HUDSON, JOHN MASSEY
Supt. of Branches and Secretary . GBOROE H. SMITH
Paid-up Capital . . $6,000.000-00
Reserve Fund (earned) . 4,250,000.00
Investments . . 31,826,618.37
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We shall be pleased to forward a specimen Debenture, copy of
Annual Report, and full information to anyone whose address
Associated with the above Corporation and under the same dir-
ection and management is
The Canada Permanent Trust Company
incorporated by the Dominion Parliament. This Trust Company
is now prepared to accept and execute trusts of every description,
to act as Executor. Administrator, Liquidator, Guardian, Curator
or Committee of a person of unsound mind, etc. Any branch of
the business of a legitimate Trust Company will have careful and
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profitable investment of funds, management of property, etc.
Those who employ this Company in any of the various capacities
in which it can be of service, will secure for their business the long
parent Corporation in the front rank of Canadian financial insti-
tutions. Canada Permanent experience, organization and man-
aifemeut mean for its clients the maximum of profit combined
with the maximum of safety.
FIRST THINGS IN CANADA.
First colonization enterprise, 1605, when De Pontrin-
court settled Port Royal with 'Europeans.
First permanent Canadian settlement, Quebec, 1608.
First Canadian Catholic church at Port Royal, 1608.
First Roman Catholic Bishop, M. de Laval, 1659.
First courts of law in Canada, Quebec, in 1663.
First census taken in 1665.
First Governor of Canada was Frontenac, 1672.
First mail stage in Canada, Montreal-Quebec, 1721.
First newspaper published in British North America
was the "Halifax Gazette," March 28th, 1752.
First English Governor-General of Canada, Lord Dor-
chester, 1768.
First election held in Canada, June, 1792.
First French paper — "Le Oanadien" — Nov. 22, 1806.
First steamer on the St. Lawrence River, 1809.
Manitoba first settled in 1811 by 125 Scotch settlers,
under Lord Selkirk.
First Canadian bank (of Montreal) started in 1817.
First Indian treaty, 1817.
First daily paper — "Montreal Advertiser" — in 1840.
Canada's first telegraph line built in 1846 between
Toronto and Niagara.
First canals begun in Canada in 1799, along the St.
Lawrence; first vessels passed through Lachine Canal,
1825; St. Lawrence canals opened in 1848.
First Canadian cardinal, Arch. Taschereau, 1856.
Northern Railway opened in Ontario, May 16th, 1853,
the first line in Ontario.
First railway bridge across the St. Lawrence, the Vic-
toria, 1859.
First cable message sent by Queen Victoria, Aug. 5th,
1858, Ireland to Newfoundland. Atlantic cable first laid
to Canada, Aug. 5th, 1868. First cable message, Canada-
Australia, Oct. 31st, 1902.
First sod of Grand Trunk Pacific Railway turned at
Fort William, Sept. llth, 1905.
First Governor-General after Confederation, Lord
Monck.
First wireless commercial message sent from Canada,
to Europe, Oct. 17th, 1907.
North-west Territory acquired by purchase, 1870.
SOME OF CANADA'S ADVANTAGES.
All kinds of climate between lat. 49 and the Arctic.
All kinds of natural resources.
All kinds of mineral riches.
Practically all kinds of raw material for manufac-
turing.
All kinds of field crops.
A vast series of inland waterways.
Bounded by three oceans, holding vast fishery wealth.
Untold wealth in water powers.
The highest-priced grain in the world.
A nine-link chain of united provinces.
Keligious and political liberty.
Industrial and commercial opportunities.
Free speech, free schools, a free press, and liberty of
worship.
A noble national ancestry; English and French.
British connection.
An inspiring historical background.
WHAT CANADA HAS DONE SINCE 1867.
We have made Canada a nation and a power on this
North American continent;
We have made Canada the first of the dominions in
the British Empire.
We have achieved complete self-government for our-
selves and made it easier for other outlying portions of
the Empire to do the same.
We are muddling (at first) into some kind of recogni-
tion of our duty to share in the defence of the Empire.
We will yet discharge that duty honorably.
Forty-six years ago, we didn't quite know where we
were going of what our country was to include. We know
better now, and we've squared off Canada with three
oceans and a friendly nation. — Toronto Star.
MISCELLANEOUS.
The Panama Canal will bring Vancouver from 5,000
to 7,000 miles closer to the great Atlantic world markets.
British Columbia has largest coal areas in North
America.
Edmonton has coal beds containing sixty thousand
million tons of coal directly under the city. Thirty mines
are operated.
PATENTS PATENT CAUSES
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OFFICES IN CANADA— Halifax, Montreal, Ottawa, Toronto, (Head Office)
Hamilton, Winnipeg and Vancouver.
OFFICES IN UNITED STATKS-NCW York and Washington, D.C.
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GANADA
DO YOU KNOW CANADA?
Now READY: New and revised Popular Edition of one of
the best books on the Dominion, treating it as a whole from
ocean to ocean, viz :
tlje If earl of
BY FRANK YEIGH
Author of "A Legislative History of Ontario." and compiler of
"5,000 Facts About Canada"
New York Times—" We know of no other recent book on the subject that is
at once so comprehensive in scope and so entertaining in style."
OUTLINE OF CONTENTS
1. Down Nova Scotia \V ay. 9. Across Canada's Thousand - Mile
2. N. Brunswick and its Neighborhood. Farm.
3. Among the Magdalen Islands. 10. The Foreigner in Canada.
4. Quebec : the Brittany of Canada. 11. The Police Patrol of Half a Con-
5. Quebec : the Citadel City of the St. tinent.
Lawrence. 12. The Land of the Rancher.
6. Montreal: Canada's Commercial 13. Mountains and Mountain
Metropolis. Climbing.
7. Ontario : the Central Province of 14. Scenes in the Selkirks.
the Dominion. 15. Along the Fraser and the Cariboo.
8. New Ontario: Its Scenery and Re- 16. Southern British Columbia and its
sources. Coastal Cities.
38 Beautiful 1balf=tone fl [lustrations in Sepia tint
WHAT THE CRITICS SAY:
Montreal Herald— "No such book on Canada has as yet been
written by a Canadian."
Book NeWS Monthly (Phila.)— " Written by one who has an
expert knowledge on the subject."
The Westminster, TOPOntO— "One of the handsomest books
of the year."
Edmonton Capital—" It will have a cordial welcome. "
Winnipeg Free Press— "It will be a popular book on both
sides of the water."
TOPOntO Star — "A fine Canadian volume."
q Several editions of the original $2 Edition tvere
calledforfrom Canada, the British Isles, the United
States, and various parts of the British Empire.
Price of New Popular Edition, $1.25 (Postage, 13c. extra)
CANADIAN FACTS PUBLISHING CO.
588 HURON STREET TORONTO, CANADA
5000 FACTS ABOUT CANADA
RRXANGED ALPHABETICALLY UNDER SUBJECTS.
Kipling : " Canada is a. map that is half unrolled. "
CANADA'S FUTURE.
Right Honorable Eobert L. Borden, Prime Minister of
Canada:
r'The highest future for this Dominion lies within the
British Empire, upon conditions of equal status. . . .
Its flag streams in undiminished splendor upon the breezes
of the twentieth century; and mindful of its power for
peace and its influence for civilization and humanity, -we
do not dare to doubt its greater destiny in the years to
come."
INDEX
Agricultural
Alberta
Brithh Columbia .
Aren
Banking .
... 3
..26-27
2»
.... 7
8
Miscellaneous 66
Montreal 46
Mountains 67
New Brunswick 37
Nova Scotia 36
Calgaiy
27
Ontario 39-42
Ceris-us ...
Customs Revenue
Dairy
Edmonton ...
Education
Electrical Development. .
Financial
Fisheries
Forestry
...9=11
12
5
27
12
.... 64
14
16
59
Population of Cities 25
Prince Edward Island 37
Provinces 26-48
Quebec 44
Railways 49
Religious 55
Saskatchewan 47
Telephones and Telegraphs- . . 57
Temperance 58
Fruit...
Immigration
Indians
6
.... 17
18
Timber. 59
Quebec 42
Toronto 42
19
Trade 61-63
Labor
Live Stock
.... 20
6
United Kingdom Trade, 62
United States— Canada Trade. 62
Manitoba
Manufacturing
31
21
Vancouver 30
Victoria 30
Maritime Provinces . . .
. . 33
Western Canada''" . . 65
Militia and Defence.. .
Mining
23
.... 23
Wheat 4
Winnipeg 32
CANADA'S PRODUCTIVE WEALTH, 1913.
Field crops $.152,771.500
Forest products 161,802,049
Mineral products 136,048,296
Fisheries products 33 384.469
Dairy products (est.) 121.000,000
Fruit products (est.) .' 25,000,000
$1,029,006,314
CANADA'S PROGRESS IN A NUT SHELL.
1912. 1913.
Total trade, fiscal year 874,637,794 1,085 264,449
Imports 559,325,544 686,604,413
Exports 315,317,250 377,068,355
Trade with United States $488,679,741 $662,432,937
Trade with United Kingdom 269,054,844 317,635,589
Trade with British Empire 307,840,816 361,759,036
Customs duties 85,051,872 115,063,687
Population 7,206,643 est. 7,758.000
Bank clearings 9,146,236,243 9,262,606,864
Paid-up bank capital (Oct.) 114,134,182 117,341,476
Bank deposits 1,023,912.500 1,011,367,714
Railway mileage (June 30) 26,729 29,304
Railways gross earnings 219,403,752 256,702,703
Government revenue(Consol. Fd.) 136,108,217
Govt. expenditure (Consol. Fd.). 129.960,416
Govt. capital expenditure 30,939,575
Public net debt, Mar. 31, 1913.. . 339,919,460
Total Can. produce exports 296,223,857
Agricultural exports 107,143,375
Animal products exports , . . 48,210,654
Dairy exports 24,103,376
Wheat exported (bush.) 64,466,286
Canada's live stock, value 1910.. 593,768,000
Canada's wheat crop (bush.) ... 199,236,000 231,717,000
Canada 's field crops 557,344,100 552,771,500
Canada's root and fodder crops.. 192,568,500 187,399,100
Fire Insurance in force 2,277,968,950 2,680,154,028
Life Insurance in force 950,413,333 1,070,265,000
168,689,903
112,059 537
32,396.816
303,562,104
355,754,600
150,145,661
44,784,593
21.714,153
93,166,009
Immigration, fiscal year ....
Vessels registered
Mineral exports
Mineral production (1911) . . .
Fishery products
Fisheries exports
Forests exports
Forest products, 1911
Can. manufacturers' exports
Canada 's loans
Canada's canal traffic (tons)
Military force
Canada's savings
354,237 402,432
8,088 8,380
. . . 41,324,516 57,442,546
102,000,000( '12)135,048.296
. . . 34,667,872 33,384.469
. . . 16,704,678 16,336,721
. . . 40,892,674 43,255,060
161,093,031( '12)161,802,049
, . . 35,836,284 43,692,708
, . . 272,937,982 351,408,629
. . . 46,952,605 51,319,426
63,362 72.230
. . 1,067,476,264 1,081,165,465
AGRICULTURAL FACTS.
Canada's field crops value, 1913, $552,771,500 from
35,375,000 acres; compared with $557,344,100 from
35,575,000 acres in 1912.
Wheat from 11,015,000 acres produced 231,717,000
bushels of value of $156,462,000. 1912: 10,996,700 acres,
224,159,000 bushels and $139,090,000.
Of total wheat area, 970,000 acres devoted to fall
wheat, production 22,592,000 bushels, value $18,185.000;
compared with 971,000 acres, 20,387,000 bushels and
$17,157,000 in 1912.
Oats yielded 404,669,000 bushels from 10,434,000 acres;
value $128,893,000 1912; 9,966,000 acres, 391,629,000 bush-
els and $126,304,000.
Both wheat and oat crops of 1913 were highest on
record in Canada, wheat as regards area, yield and value,
and oats as regards area and yield.
Barley yield from 1,613,000 acres, 48,319,000 bushels,
value $20,144,000, as against 1,581,000 acres, 49,398,000
bushels and $22,354,000 in 1912.
Quality of grain crops, as indicated by average weight
per measured bushel, was superior to 1912, viz.: Spring
wheat averages 60.37 Ibs., against 58.90 Ibs. in 1912; oats,
36,50 Ibs., against 35.50 Ibs., and barley 48.50 Ibs., against
47.50 Ibs.
Canada's area, sown to fall wheat for 1914 crop:
1,006,700 acres.
Canada's cereal and hoed crops area, 1913: Buck-
wheat, 352,] 00 acres; flax, 1,287,300; corn for husking,
272,650; beans, 52,950; potatoes, 462,600; turnips, etc.,
206,400; sugar beets, 17,500; corn for fodder, 281,890.
Canada's root and fodder crops area, 1913: 8,693,000
acres; value, $187,399,100.
Potato yield, 76,720,000 bushels; value, $37,379,010.
Turnips, etc., 73,090,000 bushels; value, $103,000. Fodder
corn, 2,436,300 tons; value, $11,273,500. Sugar beets,
161,000 tons; value, $959,000. Alfalfa, 251,700 tons;
value, $2,895,400. Hay and clover, 10,050,000 tons;
value, $114,789,000.
Canada's tobacco, approximate, production: About
4,000,000 Ibs. for Quebec, and between 8,000,000 to
12,000,000 Ibs. for Ontario, according to season.
Canada has 16 Government Experimental Farms.
FIELD CROP COMPARISONS.
United States. Canada,
bush, per bush, per
Spring wheat
acre.
13 2
acre.
21 5
Oats
293
40
Barley
04
31 4
Rye . .
16
20
Compared with yield per acre in European countries:
Wheat. Oats. Eye. Barley.
21.5 40 20 31.4
Britain ,32 36 31
Ireland 36 49 44
Denmark 42.7 39 . . 38
Germany 34 47 29 40
Canada's Government -will spend $10,000,000 in aid of
agricultural education. 1913-14 allotment, Ontario,
$195,000; Quebec, $159,000; Saskatchewan, $54,000; Nova
Scotia, $54,000; Manitoba, $51,000; British Columbia.
$47,000; Alberta, $46,000; New Brunswick, $44.000; ami
Prince Edward Island, $26,000.
Canada ranks fourth in world production of oats (viz..
395,341,000 bushels in 1913); United States, first; Russia,
second; Prussia, third.
Canada loses an estimate of $15,000,000 a year in
smut diseases of crops, and $80,000 from insect depreda
tions.
Canada's 'agricultural exports, 1912-13, $150,145,661.
highest on record.
WHEAT FACTS.
"Canada grows the best wheat in the world; she has
the cheapest electric and water powers; she has the
milling capacity to grind most of her own wheat in her
own mills, and to ship it to the world's markets, with its
identity preserved."
Canada's wheat production, 1912, 27 bushels per head;
United States, 7%.
Grain receipts, at Fort William and Port Arthur,
September-November, 1913: 115,570,590 bushels; 67,367,592
bushels in 1912; increase, 70 per cent.
Canada's flour mills have daily capacity of 12] 208
barrels — increase of 10,000 in year, nearly half of capacity
in the West.
4
Canada is one of the world's great bread baskets.
Canada's first shipment of wheat, 1913 crop, was in
a Canadian vessel, from Fort William to Montreal.
Canadian wheat flour exports: 4,478,043 bbls., value.
$19,970,6£9— highest on record.
Canada's wheat production is increasing more rapidly
than population, viz., in 1871, less than 5 bushels per head;
in 1881, 8; in 1891, 9; in 1901, 11; in 1912, 27. United
States production per head declined in same period.
Canada sells about two-thirds of its wheat crop or
its products.
Canada won first prize for best bushel of hard wheat,
and seven out of sixteen sweepstakes, at International
Dry Farming Congress at Oklahoma, October, 1913, in
competition with thirty States and Provinces.
Canada's largest individual crop (1913) was that of
Chas. S. Noble, near Lethbridge, viz., 296,836 bushels of
grain.
DAIRY FACTS.
Canada's dairy products exports, $21,714,153 (decrease
of .$2,389,223 over 1911-12), viz.: Cheese, 20,697,144;
butter, $223,578; cream, $751,123; condensed milk, $25,554;
casein, $15,342; fresh milk, $1,412. Nearly all to Grea-t
Britain.
Canada has paid $69,460 in creamery cold storage
bonuses to 803 creameries.
Canada exported, 1912-13, $889,542 of dairy products
to United States, as against $971,327 in 1911-12.
Canada's cheese exports, 1880-1913, $442,000,000;
butter exports, $66,CCO,OCO.
Canada imported, 1912-13, in dairy products, 7,989,269
Ibs. of butter (mostly from New Zealand), worth $2,081,-
989; 1,495.758 Ibs. of cheese, 261,555 Ibs. of casein.
Canada's home consumption of dairy products is in-
creasing by $3,000,000 a year.
Shipment of eggs from New Zealand to Canada is a
new industiy.
Canada, for first time in sixty years, shipped prac-
tically no butter to England, owing to growth of home
market, but imported 7,000,000 Ibs. from New Zealand.
Canada exported to Britain, in 1906, 15,000 tons of
butter; in 1912, only 2,900 tons, as against 16,000 tons by
New Zealand.
5
FRUIT PACTS.
Canada is exporting an increasing quantity of peaches
to Great Britain, viz.: 1910, 3,743 single large cases; 1911,
.3,934; 1912, 8,443; 1913, 4,392.
495,000 barrels of apples were marketed in Prairie
Provinces in 1912, viz.: 238,000 from Ontario, 75,000 from
British Columbia, 18,000 from Nova Scotia, 164,000 from
United States.
In last nine years, practically no increase in quantity
of apples imported into United Kingdom. Canada is now
the chief source of her supply for imported apples. From
September 1st, 1911, to April 30th, 1912, out of a total im
portation of 2,850,000 barrels, Canada furnished 1,520,387;
United States, 981,130; and other countries, 348,483
barrels.
Canada's total apple production, 1912, estimated at
15,000,000 bushels. Canada imported, 1912, 600,000
bushels of apples. Apple exports, 1912-13, $4,047,806.
LIVE STOCK FACTS.
Canada had, June 30th, 1913, 2,535,800 horses,
2,648,800 milch cows, 4,183,000 other cattle, 2,141,000
sheep, 3,072,600 swine.
Canada's exports of animals and their produce,
$44,784,593, lowest in 10 years; chiefly to United Kingdom.
Canada's live stock value, 1910, of 14,534,000 animals.
$593,768,000.
Canada has changed from a sheep-exporting to a
mutton-importing country. Exports of sheep decreased
from 391,000 in 1896 to 21,000 in 1912, while since 1910.
imports have increased from 35,000 to 192,000 head.
Canada sold England 6,800 cattle in 1912. Bacon sold.
$5,700,000.
Canada's live stock stood at end of April, 1913, at
90 per cent, of a standard, representing a healthy and
thrifty condition.
Canada shipped to U.S., Nov.-Dec., 1913, 35,000 lire
cattle, and 6,000,000 Ibs. dressed meat.
Canada won prize for best animal out of 10,000 ex-
hibited at International Live Stock Exhibition, Chicago.
December, 1913: An Aberdeen-Angus steer, shown by J. U.
McGregor, Brandon, Man. Canada won four of the cham-
pionships in cattle and sheep classes.
AREA OF CANADA.
"Do you realize how great a country Canada is? If
you could pivot Canada upon its eastern seabord, it would
cover the northern part of the Atlantic Ocean, the British
Islands, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Holland, Belgium, the
uorthern part of France, the entire German Empire, and
a considerable part of European Russia, and a man who
lives in Halifax is a thousand miles farther away from
Victoria than he is from London." — Eight Hon. E. L.
Borden.
Canada has one-third of area 'of British Empire.
Canada's area is one-third of that of Africa, and one-
fifth of that of Asia.
Canada is larger in area than the United States, in-
cluding Alaska, by 111,992 square miles (Canada, 3,729,665;
United States and Alaska, 3,617,673). Canada's area in
acres, 2,386,985,395.
Canada is as large as 30 United Kingdoms and 18
Germanys; twice the size of British India; almost as large
as Europe; 18 times size of France; 33 of Italy.
Canada's proportion of population, nearly two per
square mile; United States, 25; England and Wales, 558;
British Empire (outside India), 4.
Canada is bounded by three oceans; its 13,000 miles
of coast line nearly equal half circumference of earth.
Canada is 3,500 miles by 1,400* in area. The United
States-Canada boundary line is 3,000 miles long; 1,600 by
land, 1,400 through water.
In 1868, the area of the four .provinces entering Con-
federation was 662,148 square miles; now the Dominion
Parliament exercises jurisdiction over 3,729,665 square
miles. i
Areas Canadian Provinces in square miles: British
Columbia, 357,600; Alberta, 253,540; Saskatchewan, 250,650;
Manitoba, 251,832; Ontario, 407,252; Quebec, 706,834; New
Brunswick, 27,985; Nova Scotia, 21,428; Prince Edward
Island, 2,184.
Prior to the passing of the Boundaries Act of 1912,
ureas of Manitoba, Ontario and Quebec were: Manitoba,
area, 73,732, added, 178,100; Ontario, area, 260.852, added.
146.400; Quebec, area, 351,873, added, 354,961.
CANADIAN BANKING FACTS.
CONDITION OF CANADIAN BANKS, 1912 and 1913.
Oct., 1912. Oct., 1913.
Capital paid up $114,134.182 $]]7,341,476
Reserve fund 104.639 396 . 109,624,776
Circulation 110,696,877. 118,234,359
Public deposits in Canada. . 1,023,912,500 1,011,367,714
Dominion notes 94,673,129 90,111,738
Govt. securities 9,147,731 10,917,050
R.E. securities, etc 63,782,047 72.732,318
Municipal securities 22,780,080 37,846,369
Call loans in Canada 73,959,866 71,118,255
Call loans outside Canada. . . 101,186,983 93.346,810
Current loans in Canada 879,676,355 862,313 367
Liabilities $1,283,211,402 $1,328,497,371
Assets 1,521,105,096 1,575,550,980
CANADA'S BANK CLEARINGS, 1912 and 1913.
1912. 1913.
Montreal $2,844,368,426 $2,880,029,101
Toronto 2,160,230,376 2,181,281,577
Winnipeg 1,537,817,524 1,634.977 237
Vancouver 645,118,877 606,899,710
Calgary 275,492,303 247,882,848
Edmonton 220,727,617 213,053,318
Ottawa . 244,123,451 207.667,006
Hamilton 167,712,729 183,107,853
Victoria 183,544,238 . 176,977,074
Quebec 158,760,185 165,654,745
Regina 115,727,647 132,087,453
Halifax 100,467,672 103,623.769
Saskatoon 115,898,467 96,034,717
London 84,526,961 90,720,202
St. John 88;969,218 82,665,827
Moose Jaw 65,136,326 61,370 913
Fort William 40,503,087 49,265.358
Brandon 32,875875 32,186,498
Brantford 30,749 317 32 697,443
Lethbridge 33,485,947 28,893,476
$9,146,236,243 $9,212.076.155
New Westminster 29,424 494
Medicine Hat . 21 106,215
$9,262,606;864
CENSUS FACTS, 1911.
POPULATION OF CANADA BY PROVINCES.
Alberta
1911.
. . . 374,663
1901.
73,022
Increase.
301,641
Per
sq, m.
1.47
British Columbia .
Manitoba
. . . 392.480
. . . 45o,614'
178.657
255,211
213.823
200,403
1.09
6.18
N"ew Brunswick . .
Nrova Scotia
Ontario
. .. 351,889
. . . 492,338
2 523 274
331,120
459,574
2 182 947
20,769
32,764
340,261
12.61
22.98
9.67
Prince Edward Is.
Quebec
93,728
. . . 2,003 232
103,259
1,548,898
*9531
353.SH
42.91
5.69
Sasaktchewan
... 492,432
91,279
401,153
1.95
Yukon
8,512
27,219
*18,707
N". W. Territory . .
. . . 18,481
20,129
*3,178
Totals 7,206,643 5,371,315 1,835,328
or 34.13 per cent.
See under "Religions" for religious census date, and
under "Education" for educational data, and under
•'Mining" for mining data.
Canada's estimated population, at date of March 31»t,
1913, 7,758,000.
1911: Rural population, 3,925,502; urban, 3,281,141.
1901: Rural population, 3,349,516; urban, 2,021.799. In-
crease of rural population in ten years, 17.16 per cent; of
urban, 62.25 per cent.
Canada's population to sq. mile, 1.93; Great Britain,
471; Germany, 310; France, 190; United States, 25.
Canada's percentage of population. Rural, 55; urban,
45. United States, 21 and 79.
Percentage growth of provinces: Alberta, 413; Sas
katchewan, 439; British Columbia, 119; Manitoba, 78;
Quebec, 21; Ontario, 15; New Brunswick, 6; Nova Scotia.
.7; P.E.I., decrease of 9 per cent.
Western Canada population increase, ten years, 171
per cent.; Eastern Canada, 17 per cent.
Estimated 3,000,000 Canadian-born or of Canadian
• loscent in United States.
Next Parliament will have 11 more members; Ontario
losing 4, New Brunswick 2, Nova Scotia 2, P.E.I. 1; four
Western piovinc'** $a/- 5 each, giving West one-third of
House.
9
Canada's population now same as that of U.S. in 1813.
Canada's percentage population increase in decade,
34; United States, 24.
Employed agriculturally, 716,937; domestic and per
sonal, 277,755; fisheries, 25,054; forestry, lumbering, 17,113;
manufacturing, mechanical, 389,873; mining, 36,908; mis
eellaneous, 4,413; non-productive, 69,201; professional.
94,639; trade and transportation, 234,236.
Occupied dwellings, 1,413,913; number of families,
1,488,353. Average persons per dwelling, 5.096.
Canada's fifth census, taken on June 1st, 1911, by 264
commissioners and 9,703 enumerators, cost $1,204,614.
Three-fourths of Canada's population is British-born.
British and Canadian-born contributed, out of total
increase of 1,835,328, 1901 to 1911, 1,380,577, or 74 per
cent. Canadian-born contributed 947,867, or 52 per cent.;
natives of British Islands, 394,507, or 21.50 per cent.;
other parts of Empire, 13,324, or 0.72 per cent.
Increase in foreign-born of 474,283 comprised 279,392
European-born, 17,366 Asiatic-born, exclusive of Hindus,
and 175,781 persons born in United States.
Of ten-year increase, English contributed 562,251, or
30.63 per cent.; Irish, 61,663, or 3.36 per cent.; Scotch,
197,726, or 10.77 per cent; Welsh, 11,754, or 0.06 per
cent.; French, 405,519, or 22.09 per cent.; Germans, 82,819,
or 4.51 per cent.; Austro-Hungarians, 110,925, or 6.05
per cent.
Persons of British origin constituted 54.07 per cent,
of total population in 1911, as against 57.03 per cent, in
J901. Proportion of English to total population increased
from 23.47 to 25.30 per cent, in ten years; the Irish fell
from 18.40 to 14,58; and the Scotch from 14.90 to 13.85
per cent.
Population of French origin wtw 28.51 of total in
1911, as against 30.71 per cent, in 1901; the Germans
5.46 per cent, in 1911, as against 5.78 in 1901.
Austro-Hungarians were .34 per cent, of total popula
tion in 1901; increased to 1.79 per cent, in 1911.
Japanese, Chinese and Hindus made up 2.13 per cent,
of the people in 1911; 1.20 per cent, in 1901.
Canada has 150,000 Jews. Montreal has 50,000; To-
ronto, 30,000; Winnipeg, 15,000.
Arrivals: 1W1, 5,146; 1912, 5,322; 1913, 7,387.
10
Canadians in United States (census of 1910), Cana
rlian-born or of Canadian parentage, 2,754,615, viz:
Canadian French, 932,238 (percentage of increase in ten
years, 12.3); Canadian other, 1,822,377 (percentage in
erease, 11.3).
Out of 346,523 foreign-born males of voting age in
Canada, only 135,906, or 39.22 per cent., had, at time of
last census, become British subjects within Canada, thus
acquiring right to vote.
The British-born male population of voting age, in-
eluding native Canadians, totalled 1,442,618, of whom
382,133 were born in the United Kingdom, and 26,472 in
British possessions. Thus the total voting strength in the
election of 1911 was 1,987,129. The total number of votes
polled was 1,307,528.
The total number of persons of alien birth in Canada
at the date of the census was 752,732. Of these, 353,588,
or 46.98 per cent., including both sexes, had acquired the
rights of Canadian citizenship.
Japanese immigration to Canada shows increase:
1912-13, 724; for six months, April to Sept., 1913, 571.
One out of every nine in B.C. is an Oriental.
Canada has 3,447 Eskimos.
"Canada will, in the next decade, double her productive
power and railway mileage. ' ' — Sir George Paish, Editor
of the London Statist.
(See page 26 for population of Canadian cities.)
ORIGINS OF PEOPLE IN PRINCIPAL CITIES 1911 CENSUS
British are in majority in every city but Montreal,
and Quebec. Montreal has 298,878 of French origin, and
Toronto only 4,886. Toronto has more of German origin
than any other city, viz., 9,775. Winnipeg comes next,
with 8,912.
Italians most numerous in Montreal, 7,013; Toronto,
4.617; Vancouver, 2,256.
Scandinavians: 4,956 in Winnipeg; Vancouver, 2,545.
Winnipeg leads in people of Polish, Austro-Hungarian.
Russian and unspecified origin.
Halifax leads in those of Negro origin, 832; Toronto,
472; St. John, 376.
Vancouver leads with 3,559 of Chinese origin; Vic-
toria, 3,458.
11
CUSTOMS REVENUE OF 12 LEADING CITIES.
1911-12. 1912-13.
Montreal $19,955,559.75 $25,638,586.69
Toronto 15,378,815.37 20,252 645.73
Winnipeg 8,057,927.43 11,078,565.08
Vancouver 7,221682.16 9,286,804.76
Hamilton 2,519,980.39 3,510,395.63
Halifax 2,117,107.99 2,197 833.74
Windsor 2,098,434.76 3,915,S35.62
Victoria 1985,205.22 2,619.470.89
*Calgary •. 1,833,061.99 . 2,801,171.91
Quebec 1,759,817.18 2,182,279.69
*Fort William 1,549,712.54 2,064,383 61
Ottawa 1,474,558.40 1,819,162.87
EDUCATIONAL FACTS.
First school opened in Canada at Quebec in 1632.
Education Act passed in Upper Canada in 1799.
Grammar schools founded in Upper Canada in 1807;
common schools in 1816.
Ontario: 5,939 public schools; 513 Roman Catholic
separate schools; 6 Protestant separate schools (included
with public schools); 204 kindergarten sehools; 26 night
schools; 161 high schools and collegiate institutes; 127
eontinuatipn schools. Total number of pupils iu all of
above schools, 528,029; teachers, 12,271; Government ex
penditure, $1,116,315; total expenditure, $13,492,108.
Quebec: 1912, 6,856 schools, universities and colleges.
14,926 teachers, 7,411 of whom are lay-women and 4,150
nuns; 422,615 puils.
Quebec also has 6 technical schools; forestry school, 20
classical colleges, 14 normal schools, 75 night schools,
School of Higher Commercial Studies.
Nova Scotia: 2,692 schools, 105,269 pupils, 2.861
teachers. Government expenditure on education, $330,602;
Government and municipal, $1,379,332.
New Brunswick: 1912, 69,199 pupils enrolled in public
schools. Teachers employed, 2,015.
Prince Edward Island: 479 schools, 590 teachers, 17,078
pupils. Government expenditure, $144,000. Total, $225,000.
Manitoba: 81,932 pupils enrolled in schools at eml of
June, 1913; 2,308 teachers at work at one time. Govern-
ment expenditure on education, $564,558.
lii
Saskatchewan: Schools in operation, 2,444; depart-
ments in operation, 2,947; teachers employed, 3,397; pupils
enrolled, 79,882; pupils in Secondary Schools, 2,014;
teachers in Secondary Schools, 64; total expenditure on
education, $3,931,843 (1912).
To December 31st, 1913, Mr. Carnegie, personally or
through Carnegie Corporation, has made library donations
in Canada aggregating $2,888,215, including 135 original
"buildings, five branch buildings and two extensions.
University of Toronto, 4,100 students.
University of Ottawa, 816 students.
Queen's University, Kingston, 1,577.
University of Saskatchewan, 385.
McMaster University, Toronto, 239 undergraduate
students; 79 at Brandon College; 7 at Okanagan College—
305 in all.
McGill University, 1,893 students and 225 in British
Columbia.
Laval University, Quebec and Montreal, 1913, 322
teachers and 1,624 pupils; 1913-14, 456.
Canada has 1,200,000 school children.
Reading Camp Association of Canada: Founded in
1900. 500 students served under it. Instruction in Eng-
lish, etc., given annually to 10,000 miners, lumbermen, etc.
EDUCATION CENSUS DATA.
Persons who can read and write, of population of five
years of age and over, &£,98 per cent, in 1911; 82.88 per
cent, in 1901.
Persons who can read only: One-half of one per cent,
in 1911; 2.74 per cent, in 1901.
Illiterates: 10.50 per cent, in 1911; 14.38 per cent, in
1901.
Increase in population, five and over, 1901-11, 33.63
per cent. Number who can read and write increased by
43.48 per cent.; of those able to read only decreased by
74.64 per cent.
In 1901, 680,132 could neither read or write; in 1911,
663,463.
Ontario still leads in percentage of those able to read
and write, viz., 93.17 per cent.
At cecsus of 1911, of 2,197,663 males of voting age,
90.57 per cent., or 1,990,341, could read in some language.
13
FINANCIAL FACTS.
"Let Canadians guard very jealously the reputation
they have built up and the confidence they have inspired
in matters of finance." — Lord Strathcona.
Canada's savings: Deposits, in chartered and savings
banks, $1,081,165,465; in loan and building societies,
$33,235,992; total of $1,114,301,457., or over $150 per bead.
Canada's foreign loans, 1913, were the largest in
her history. E. E. Wood's estimate: $351,408,629, viz.,
72.6 per cent. British, 14.43 per cent. American, 12.97 per
cent. Canadian.
American investments in Canada have increased from
$417,000,000 in 1911 to nearly $600,000,000.
Up to January 1st, 1913, 175 U.S. companies have
established themselves in Canada, involving investment
of $279,000,000.
Canada's receipts, 1912-13: Consolidated fund, $168,-
689,903; expenditure, $112,059,537. Surplus, $56,630;366.
Capital expenditure, $32,396,816, making total of $145,
000,000.
Canada's receipts, 1911-12 (Consolidated Fund),
$136,108,217; expenditure, $98,161,440; surplus, $37,946,776.
Capital expenditure, $30,939,575.
Government revenue, consolidated fund, calendar
year 1913, $127,571,762; expenditure, $75,987,925; and on
capital account, $40,828,051, or total of $116,816,877.
Main estimates, 1914-15, $190,735,176.
Canada's gross debt, Dec. 31st, 1913: $516,714,649;
net, $303,562,104, or $40 per head of population. Increase
in year, $466,909.
Canada issued, 1912-13, $39,749,000 in Dominion notes.
Canada's Royal Mint coined $3,000,000 in 1912-13;
$8,996,158 in five years.
Canada had 36 chartered banks in 1906; 25 on Oct.
31st, 1913.
15 Canadian banks earned 8.8 p.c. on capital em-
ployed. Average earnings equal to 17.4 per cent, on paid-
up capital.
Canada Permanent Mortgage Corporation: Paid-up
capital, $6,000,000; reserve fund (earned), $4,000,000; in-
vestments, $31,299,092.
Canadian Bank of Commerce: Paid up capital, $15,000,-
000. Deposit, Nov. 29th, 1913, $192,813,715.
14
Canada's rate of federal taxation, is the highest in
the world; Canadians are more heavily taxed per head to
raise the national revenues than are the people of Great
Britain, the United States or those of any other country,
or $23 per year per capita on a revenue of $168,000,000
''orrespouding tax in United States, about $9; Great Brit
ain, $18; Germany, $10.50; France, $23.
Government annuities issued from Sept. 1st, 1908, to
March 31st, 1913: Immediate, 463; deferred, 2,621; total,
.".,084; total amount of annuities contracted for, $612,063.31.
for which purchase money of $1,737,059.71 was received.
Number of annuities to Dec., 1913, 3,305; total receipts,
$1,963,036.30.
SIR GEORGE PAISH ON CANADA'S FINANCES.
' ' From 1907-1913, inclusive, amount of capital raised
iu London for colonial, and foreign countries has been
1,100 millions sterling, or $5,500,000,000. In this period,
the Mother Country has provided Canada with about 240
millions sterling, or $1,120,000,000 of capital. This is ex-
clusive of the large amount of private capital sent here
for the purchase of land and private investment. ' '
"No colony or foreign country has ever been able to
borrow capital on the low terms which Canada has bor
rowed. Had Canada been outside the Empire, this would
not have been done."
"Including the capital supplied by the United States,
largely for industrial purposes, the average rate of in
terest which the Canadian people are paying for the loans
obtained from abroad does not exceed 4^ per cent. In
other words, the annual sum which Canada has to provide
tor interest is about $27,000,000 a year, a sum which is
not greater than the Canadian people can easily provide."
"Canada has now borrowed or secured the invest-
ment of considerably over 500 millions sterling of capital
from the Mother Country, and from the United States over
100 millions sterling of capital, or upwards of 600 millions
sterling."
"In fifteen years, over 1,000 million pounds will be
invested in Canada, and the population of the country will
in that time be doubled."
"Canada's rate of increase on receipts and expendi-
tures is probably without parallel in the case of any
country at peace and devoting its energies to its nominal
business. ' ' IS
FISHERIES FACTS.
Canada has the most extensive and best stocked com
mercial fishing waters in the world.
Canada's vast fishery area includes 5,000 miles of At
lantic and 7,000 miles of Pacific coast, and 2i!0,000 square
miles of fresh water.
1912-13 was the second greatest fishing year for
Oanada. Value produced, $33,389,464; 1911-12, $34,667,872;
being greatest with $34,667,872; decrease of $1,278,408;
chiefly in Nova Scotia, on account of rough weather.
British Columbia comes first, with $14,455,488; Nova
Scotia, second, $7,384,055; New Brunswick, third,
$4,264,054; Ontario, fourth, $2,842,878; Quebec, fifth,
$1,988,241; Prince Edward Island, sixth, $1,379,905; Mani
toba, seventh, $800,149; Saskatchewan, eighth, $111,839;
Yukon Territory, ninth, $111,239; and Alberta, tenth,
$51,616.
Salmon leads in value, $10,025,523; lobsters, $4,571,014;
rod, $3,368,750; herring, $3,350,546; halibut, $2,719,616:
haddock, $1,065,536; oysters, $142,602.
Total value of fisheries, 1870 to 1913, $830,327,081.
Nova Scotia leads, with 305 y2 millions; British Colum
hia, 165l/2 millions; New Brunswick, 151 millions; Quebec.
83^ millions; Ontario, 56 millions, etc.
Canada's fishery equipment is worth $24,388,459; an
increase in value of $3,455,555 over the previous year.
Canada has a fishery fleet of 1,669 vessels and 34,501
boats, manned by 65,081 men; 23,327 employed on shore, or
a total of 88,40'8. Motor-boat fleet increased by 331.
Fishing bounties paid since 1882,. $4,900,200.37.
Canada's whale catch, 1,197; value, $395,100.
Canada has 56 fish-breeding hatcheries; 860,983,831
try distributed in 1912.
555,138 cwts. of lobsters caught during 1912-13.
Xearly 20,000 men employed — 11,000 in actual fishing.
9.000 in canneries.
Canada's oyster production decreased from 64,646
barrels in 1882 to 23,377 in 1912-13.
•Canada possesses oyster waters as extensive as New
York State, where 2,000 obtain a permanent living and
$6,000,000 capital is invested. Canada has 10,550 acres
of producing natural beds, in Maritime Provinces.
Fisheries exports, 1912-13, $16,336.721.
16
IMMIGRATION FACTS, 1896-1913.
Arrivals.
British.
Foreign.
U.S.
Total.
1896-7
11,383
7,921
2,412
21,716
1897-8
11,173
11,608
9,119
31,900
1898-9
.... 10,660
21,938
11,945
44,543
1899-1900
.... 5,141
10,211
8,543
23,895
1900-1
11,810
19,352
17,987
49,149
1901-2
17,259
23,732
26,388
67,379
1902-3 . .
41,792
37,099
49,473
128,364
1903-4
50,374
34,785
45,171
130,330
1904-5
65,359
37,255
43,652
146.266
1905-6
. 86,796
44,349
57,919
189,064
1906-7 (9 mos.)
.... 55,791
34,217
34,659
124,667
1907-8
..120,182
83,975
58,312
262,469
1908-9
. . 52,901
34,175
59,832
146,908
1909-10
59,790
45,206
103,798
208,794
1910-11
, 123,013
66,624
121,451
311,054
1911-12
138,121
82,406
133,710
354,237
1912-13
150,542
112,881
139,009
402,432
1,012,097 705,963 923,148 2,643,198
Of total immigration, 1900-1913, provincial destina-
tions were: Maritime Provinces, 109,280; Quebec, 374,257;
Ontario, 626,924; Manitoba, 396,913; Saskatchewan and
Alberta, 702,185; British Columbia, 298,374, or 1,110,461
in Eastern and 1,397,472 in Western Canada.
Other arrivals, 17 years, 1896-1913, at ocean ports:
Returned Canadians, 221,476; tourists, 50,723; saloon pas-
sengers, 202,781 (above not included in immigration
tables).
During above period, 18 per cent. British, 29 per cent.
Continental and 33 per cent, of American immigrants
made entries for homesteads in Western Canada.
Entries for 1912, 33,699, viz., 4,452 English, 836 Sco-tch,
307 Irish, 8,895 Americans, 7,757 foreign.
Total immigration of thirteen years, 1900-1913, repre-
sented 48 nationalities.
Canada's immigration for six months of present year
(April — Sept., 1913), 307,267, increase of 12 per cent, over
previous similar period; of this, 121,204, or 40 per cent.,
was from British Isles, increase of 12,893; 72,880 from
United States, a decrease of 16,779; 113.183 from other
n, increase of 37,524.
IT
Japanese immigration to Canada, 1907-1913,
Chinese immigration to Canada, 8 years, 1905-1913.
26,449, In 1912-13, 7,445 (largest number in any one
year), 367 'being exempt; 7,078 paid head tax of $500
each, $3,539,000. Total head tax, 8 years, $11,148,000.
Immigration arrivals, calendar year 1913, 395,804,
viz., 145,859 British, 140,143 American, 109,802 foreign.
6 per cent, increase in year. Increase from April-Dee.,
1913, 5 per cent, over same period last year.
Canada's 400,000 immigrants a year: Cost to Canada
to get them, £270,000; they spend £8,400,000 each year 011
foodstuffs; they earn £20,000,000 per annum. — J. Obed
Smith, Asst. Supt. of Canadian Emigration.
Of 1,617,000 immigrants entering Canada in ten years,
only 5,900 were deported — or about one-third of one pei1
cent., mostly of Southern Europeans.
Immigrants rejected at ocean ports, 1902-1913, 9,256,
out of 45,007 held for inspection; rejections from United
States, 1908-1913, 6,845.
Twelve years ago, 33 per cent, only of British emi-
grants remained within the Empire, the rest going to other
lands; in 1912, the proportions were reversed, 80 per cent,
staying within the Empire, and only 20 per cent, going
outside.
388,813 emigrants left British Isles in 1913. 190,903
went to Canada; 94,660 to United States.
Of 1912-13 arrivals of 402,432, bonuses were paid on
29,925, or over 13 per cent.
Canada's immigration expenditure, 1912-13, $1,399,954.
The 402,432 arrivals cost nearly $3.50 each.
Canada has received over 25,000 Barnardo children, of
whom, it is claimed, 95 per cent, have done well.
INDIAN FACTS.
Total population, 1912-13, 106,490; increase in year,
1,534.
Population, according to Provinces: Alberta, 8,229;
British Columbia, 25,172; Manitoba, 10,822; Nova Scotia,
2,018; New Brunswick, 1,920; Prince Edward Island, 292;
Ontario, 26,077; Quebec, 12,842; Saskatchewan, 9,699;
North- West Territories, 8,030; Yukon, 1,389.
Voted by Parliament for Indian Department,
$1,818,1»2. 18
INSURANCE FACTS.
FIRE INURSANCE-
Gross amount at risk, Dec. 31st, 1912, $2,680,154,028.
increase of $400,000,000 over 1911. Gross premiums re-
ceived, $30,277,245.
F"ire losses paid, $12,750,000, largest since 1909, when
i hey were $14,099,534.
Canada has heaviest fire loss per capita of any country
in the world, averaging about $3.40 per head. United
States, $3 per head. Forty per cent, of Canadian fires
are incendiary.
British companies carry one-half of risks in Canada,
viz.: $1,430,072,127; Canadian companies, $640,808,340;
American, etc., $609,273,561.
Canada has largest insurance policy in the world—
* K 10. 000,000 on Canadian Pacific property.
LIFE INSURANCE.
1912 showed huge insurance increases over 1911.
Amount in force, Dec. 31st, 1912, $1,070,255,000, by
58 companies.
Canada has 148 insurance companies of all kinds.
Twenty-seven Canadian, fifteen British and sixteen
American life insurance companies do business in Canada.
New policies, 1912, $219,205,000— double that of 1909.
New policies of Canadian companies, 1912, $141,-
i'67,000; total of $706,661,000.
New policies of British companies, $7,319,000; total of
$54,489,000.
American companies' new policies, $70,617,000; total
uf $309,114,000,
Twenty-eight Canadian companies' net premiums,
.1*5,063,409; losses paid, $2,684,977. British companies'
premiums, $12,092,125; losses paid, $6,319,064. American,
etc., premiums, $6,038,984; losses paid, $3,068,756.
Compared with 1911, the following show the maiu
features of 1912 's business: Premiums — 1912, $35,711,000;
1911, $31,619,000. New policies issued— 1912, $219,205,000;
1911, $176,866,000. Total in force— 1912, $1,070,265,000;
1911, $950,220,000. Claims paid— 1912, $12,750,000; 1911,
$1 1,057,000. Number of new policies — 1912, 451,000; 1911,
412,000. Total number of policies — 1912, 1,479,000; 1911,
1,335,000. Claims matured— 1912, 18,078; 1911, 15,989.
19
Four -assessment companies had in force oa Dec. 31st,
1912, 141,864 certificates, pledging insurance to the extent
of $144,913,000. Total amount paid in by members,
$2,420,571; claims paid, $2,051,248. Income from assess-
ments increased by $66,100; claims paid increased by
$369,532.
Total assets of four assessment companies, $22,071,802,
Independent Order of Foresters representing $20,853,860
of total.
17 Canadian ,and 19 non-Canadian companies do busi
uess of accident, sickness, guarantee, plate glass, etc-..
insurance.
LABOR FACTS.
Canada's Trades and Labor Congress has 80,000 mem
bers, increase of 14,000 in a year.
Canada had 1,319 labor strikes in twelve years, 1901
1912, affecting 319,880 men, at estimated cost of
$1 8,000, 000, representing loss of nine million working days.
Canada had, 1912, 150 strikes and lockouts; 99 in 1911.
Canada's industrial casualties, 1912, 1,220 killed; 5,780
seriously injured.
Canada has 1,300,00'0' wage earners; 12 per cent, or-
ganized.
Canada's labor union membership increased from
133,132 in 1911 to 160,120 in 1912, in 1,883 local branches
and independent trade unions.
International unions in North America number 148,
99 have affiliated locals in Canada. Of the latter. 82 are
in affiliation with the American Federation of Labor. The
Canadian membership of this federation is about 93,000,
or 1-2'Oth of the whole.
The 136,389 workers in Canada who are members of
international organizations are contained in 1,638 local
branches; an increase of 107 locals and 16,974 members
over 1911.
Of Canadian organizations, there are 217 local
branches, with a total membership of 15,616; also 28 in
dependent bodies, 16 reporting membership of 8,115.
The 88 per cent, of wage earners untouched by or-
ganization chiefly represent unskilled labor.
Canada has, it is estimated, 260,000 women workers.
World's trade union membership is 11,435,948. Ger
many, first; Great Britain, second; United States, third.
MANUFACTURING FACTS
VALUE OP PRODUCTS IN 191O IN 2O CANADIAN CITIES.
Montreal, $195,177,563; Toronto, $154,306,948; Hamil-
ton, $35.125,946; Winnipeg, $39,400,608; Ottawa, $20,924,-
340; Quebec, $17,149,385; London, $16,273,999; Brantford,
$13,866,229; Vancouver, $15,070,105; Halifax, $12,140,409;
Windsor, $12,113,279; Berlin, $12,078,783; Peterborough,
$10,633,119; St. John, $10,0*81,667; Sydney, $9,395.017;
Sault, $7,842,385; Calgary, $7,751,011; Guelph, $7,392,236;
Hull, $7,259,301; St. Catherines, $6,024,217.
Canada makes 300 varieties of manufactures, sustain-
ing two-fifths of population.
Canada's industrial development in ten-year period of
1901-1911 was greatest on record.
Exports of manufactures, 1912-13, $43,692,708.
Ontario led with 8,001 establishments; Quebec, 6.548;
Nova Scotia, 1,480; New Brunswick, 1,158; British Colum-
bia, 651; P. E. I., 442; Manitoba, 439; Alberta, 290; and
Saskatchewan, 173.
Canada's woollen industry. 1899, 236 mills; produc-
tion, 13,992,000 yards. 1912, 78 mills; production,
7,616,400 yards.
Canada has, approximately, 45,000 motor vehicles of
all kinds (not including motor cycles). Ontario has
15,000; Quebec, 10,000. Toronto has largest number of
any city, viz., 5,400.
Industrial comparisons, ten-year period, Canada —
CANADA.
1900.
Industrial
ments .
Capital .
Wages . .
Materials
Products
Establish-
446,916,487
89,573,204
266,527,858
481,053,375
UNITED STATES.
1899.
Industrial Establish-
ments 207,514
Capital 8,975,000,000
Wages 2,608,000,000
Materials 6,575,000,000
Products 11,406,000,000
21
1910. Inc.
$19.218
1,247,583,609
197,228,701
601.509.018
1,165,975,639
31
179
120
109
142
1909. Inc. %
,268,491
18,428.000,000
3,427,000,000
12,141.000,000
20,672,000,000
23
105
31
84
80
-
MARINE AND CANAL FACTS.
Canadian shipping, sea-going and coastal, in 1918,
greatest in its history. Doubled in ten years.
Total vessels, arrived and departed, 1913, 276,273;
tonnage, 131,494,496.
Canada has 42,490 men and boys employed on vessels.
Canada had 100 vessels engaged in grain-carrying
trade, season of 1913, -with capacity of 1,750,000 bushels.
Two thousand three hundred men employed.
Canada has moved from 10th to 9th place among mari-
time nations. Eegistered vessels, 8,380, of 836,278 tons,
employing 42,490 men and boys; 420 vessels added to list
in 1912.
Canada, has 2,131 registered steam vessels. Gross
tonnage, 546,320.
Only 10 per cent, of Canada's foreign trade is carried
in Canadian bottoms; the rest by British and foreign ships.
Canada has, on basis of population, as much shipping
as Germany.
Canada's steamship subventions and mail subsidies
vote, 1913-14, $1,916,934.
Canada's canal traffic, 1913, highest on record,
51,319,426 tons of freight, as against 46,952,605 in 1912-.
"A great proportion of Canadian traffic finds its way
down through American channels to American ports."
Soo Canals freight tonnage: 1913, 42,696,143. Nearly
one-half through Canadian canal. 1912, 39,000,000. Wei-
land Canal, 1913, 3,000,000; 1912, 2,000,000. St. Lawrence
canals: 1913, 4,000,000; 1912, 3,000,000. Canadian Soo
Canal carries 83 per cent, of all-canal traffic.
Traffic through Soo Canals over twice as much as
through Suez Canal.
Canada's canals firs't built for 8 feet of water; next
increased to 14; further increased to 24 under way.
Georgian Bay Ship Canal would reduce distance from
Georgian Bay to Montreal to 430' miles (thus saving two
days) — 300 miles less than present route via Lake Erie and
St. Lawrence.
$550,000 spent on survey of Georgian Bay Canal.
New Welland Canal to cost $55,000,000, and to be built
in five years. Work now under way.
Lachine Rapids first run by a steamer, the "Lord
Sydenham," in 1840.
22
Canada plans to enlarge Soo Canadian Canal to depth
of 31 feet, part of ultimate plan for a 30-foot channel
from the Atlantic to head of Lake Superior, converting
the interior of the country into a great ocean highway.
Canada had, on Dec. 31st, 1912, 8,380 vessels regis-
tered, of 836,278 tons; increase of 292 vessels and 65,832
tons over 1911. Of total number of vessels, 3,667 were
steamers of gross tonnage of 641,225. Total number of
vessels in 1878/7,169,of 1,333,000 tonnage.
Canada's net registered vessel tonnage, Dec. 31st,
1912. valued at $25,088,340.
MILITIA AND DEFENCE FACTS.
Canada's military force: Permanent corps, 3,520;
active Militia, 68,710. Total, 72,230 men and 17,494 horses.
.Militia increase in ten years, 32,668. Boy scouts, 20,000;
cadets, 36,000.
Trained in 1913 camps, 57,073; militia, 54,255; regular
force, 2,818; cadets, 8,280.
" Canada's military estimates, 1912-13, $8,334,450.
Militia estimates, 1913-14, $10,500,665, Consolidated
Fund. About $14,000,000, including capital expenditures.
Canada's military cost per head, 1913-14, $1.74; militia,
$1.40; navy, 34 cents.
Royal North-west Mounted Police, 763; 572 horses; 11
divisional posts. Alberta has 108 detachments.
Canada has 36,000 school cadets; increase of 15,000
since March, 1912. 870 companies, including 376 in Quebec,
snd 240 in Ontario. 8,500 cadet instructors.
Canada Fenian Eaid bounties, of $100 each, up to Dec.
15, 1913, 15,900. Ontario granted 14,000 military veteran
certificates.
Europe is spending a thousand million a year on
armies and navies.
MINING FACTS.
Canada's mineral production, 1912, $135,048,296. Of
this. Ontario supplied no less than $51,906,876; British
Columbia ranks second with $30,076,635; Nova Scotia,
third, with $18,922,236; Alberta, fourth, with $12,073,589;
Quebec, fifth, wtih $11,656,998; Yukon dropped to sixth
place with $5,933,242; Manitoba, seventh, with $2.500,000;
Saskatchewan, eighth, with $1,000,000; and New Brunswick
comes last with $771,046.
28
Mining products exports, 1912-13, $57,442,540, highest
on record.
Canada's coal resources, 1,234,269,310,000 metric tons
(of 2,240 Ibs.), viz.: Nova Scotia, 9,718,968,000; New
Brunswick, 151,000,000; Ontario, 25,000,000; Manitoba,
160,000,000; Saskatchewan, 59,812,000,000; Alberta, 1,072,-
027,400,000; British Columbia, 76,034,942,000; Yukon,
4,940,000,000; N.-W. Territories, 4,800,000,000; Arctic
Islands, 6,000,000,000.
Canada's estimated coal areas, surface extent of
108,168 square miles.
Western Canada coal areas: Manitoba, 48 square
miles; Saskatchewan, 4,000 square miles; Alberta, in excew
of 15,000 square miles.
Canada's steel indu&try, 1913: Largest production on
record, viz., pig iron made, 1,050,000 tons; steel ingots,
1,040,000 tons; steel rails, 500,000 tons. Increase of 10
per cent, over 1912.
Canada's imports of iron and steel are increasing At
three times the rate of their home production.
First iron forge built in Quebec at St. Maurice in
1739 by French Government.
Canada has 348 waterworks plants; cost, $95,566,496;
daily consumption, 360,477,638 gallons; length of mains,
5,215 miles.
Canada's rail production, 1895, 600 gross tons; 1912,
423,885.
CANADA'S MINING DATA 1911 CENSUS.
Canada's mining production increase, ten years, 1900
1910, 154.40 per cent., or from $47,956,862 to $122,004,932.
Canada's coal production increase, ten years, 1900-
1910, 146.72 per cent., or from 5,321,675 tons to 13,139,636
ton*.
Canada's coal mines employees, 1900, 14,504; 1910,
2-9,489.
Canada's coal consumption, 1910, 20,678,199 ton?.
Canada is United States' best coal customer.
Canada had 1,379 mines or works in 1900; 2,222 in
1910; increase of 61 per cent. Employees on salary, 1900,
3.527; 1910, 2,884. On wages, 1900, 37,065; 1910, 67,150.
Coal sales, 1912: In Canada, 1,263,427 tons; in United
States, 858,981 tons; exported to other countries, 108,157;
total, 2,230,565 ton*.
24
POPULATION OF CANADIAN OIT1E8.
Population of cities of Canada of 6,000 and up (1811
census): —
City. Popula- City. Popula.
tion. tion.
Amherst N.S . 9.500 Onhawa f>nt. 7.4SX
Barrie Ont . . .
6,428 Ottawa Ont 86 340
Belleville, Ont
9.850 Owen Sound, Ont. . . 12,555
13,192 Peterboro, Ont 12,312
13.837 Port Arthur, Ont. . . 11.216
23.046 Quebec Que . 78 007
Brandon, Man
Brantford, Ont
Brockville Ont. ...
9.372 Eegina Sask 30 210
Calgary Alta
43.736 Eiviere du Loup, Que. 6,842
11.198 St. Boniface, Man, . 7,71T
10,760 St. Catharines, Ont.. 12,460
7.077 St. Hyacinthe, Que.. 9,797
6,598 St John N B . 42 368
Charlottetown, P.E.I.
Chatham, Ont
Collingwood, Ont. . .
Cornwall, Ont
Edmonton, Alta. . . .
Fort William, Ont...
Fredericton, N.B. . ..
Gait Ont
24.882 St Johns Que 6 410
16,498 St. Thomas, Ont. . . . 14.050
7.208 Sarnia Ont 9,986
10.299 Saskatoon, Saik. . . . 12.002
16.561 Sault Ste. Marie, Ont. 10,179
15.148 Sherbrooke, Que. . . . 16,405
46.081 Sorel Que 8 414)
Glace Bay, N.S
Guelph Ont
Halifax NS ...
Hamilton Ont,
81.879 Stratford, Ont 12.929
13.993 Strathcona, Alta. . . . 8,000
6.152 Sydney N 3 17 617
Hull Que
Kenora, Ont
Kingston, Ont
18.815 Sydney Mines, N.3.. 7,464
10,778 Thedford Mines, Que. 7.262
8,048 Three Rivers, Qua. . 14,441
7 448 Toronto Ont 876 240
Lachine, Que
Lethbridge, Alta. . . .
Levis Que . . . .
Lindsay, Ont
London Ont.
6.956 Truro N S 6 015
46,177 Valleyfield, Que. . . . 9.447
11.329 Vancouver, B,C. ...124,000
500,593 Victoria B C 81 6%70
Mouctoa. N.B
Montreal. Greater ..(
Moose Jaw, Sask. . .
Nanaimo, B.C
New Glasgow, N.S..
NewWestminster.B.C.
Niagara Falls, Ont..
North Bay, Ont
For other popula
13,824 Westmount, Que. . . . 14,318
8,305 Windsor, Ont 17,819
7.000 Winnipeg. Man 135.440
13 394 Woodstock, Ont. . . . 9,S21
9.245 Yarmouth, N.S 6,571
7.718
tion data see under ' ' Census. ' '
M
PROVINCES OF CANADA
(ARRANGED ALPHABETICALLY.)
(See also Facts under general chapters.)
ALBERTA FACTS.
Alberta created a Province in 1905; 750 miles long;
400 miles wide at widest part. Area, 253,540 square miles
(7 per cent, of Canada's area), or 163,382400' acres.
Alberta is larger than Germany or France, and twice
the area of United Kingdom.
Alberta's population: 1881, 18,075; 1901, 73,022; 1911,
374,663. Increase of .424 per cent, over 1901. Largest
increase in Canada. 62.12 per cent, rural, 37.88 urban, 'as
against 31.29 in 1901.
Alberta grain yield, 1913 (Prov. estimate), 81,535,000
bushels; increase of 17,069,942 in year.
Crop area placed under cultivation, 1913, 2,809,310
acres; 2,391,752 in 1912. Increase of 417,558 acres.
Alberta crop areas, 1913: wheat, 1,374,400 acres
(176,000 fall, 1,198,400 spring); oats, 1,525,700; barley,
184,000; rye, 23,200; hay and clover, 179,500; alfalfa,
8,200; flax, 85,800; potatoes, 24,700; turnips, etc., 12,700;
sugar beets, 2,200.
Alberta's farm holdings: 1911, 61,496; 1901, 9,486.
Alberta live stock on farms (June 30th, 1913):
377,400 horses, 152,700 milch cows, 986,500 other cattle,
L'38,500 sheep, 220,400 swine.
Of Alberta's total land area, 10.96, or 17,747,739
acres, occupied as farm lands, compared with 1.69 per
cent., or 2,735,630 acres, in 1901. Alberta has, therefore,
over 144 million acres not occupied for agricultural pur-
poses.
Alberta's field crops area increased from 188,476 acres
iii 1900. to 2,067,503 in 1910. Area under field crops, 1911.
3,377,263 acres; increase of 1,309,760 in one year.
Alberta farmers' total value of land owned, buildings,
farm implements and live stock on hand, 1910, $489,542,304.
Gross returns, $48,056,269.
Alberta's estimated coal resources, 1,072,627,400,000
metric tons.
Alberta had, 1912-13, 13,231 elevators, with capacity
of 11,565,500 bushels.
Alberta's Government telephone system had surplus,
1912-13, of $100,00'$, aftter paying all maintenance au9
charge*. ?8
CALGARY FACTS.
Calgary's population: 1911, 55,000; 1912,. 80,000.
Calgary's building growth: 1906, $1,097,136; 1912,
'20,394,220; 1913, $8,000,000.
Bank Clearings: 1910, $150,677,031; 1911, $218,681,921;
1912, $276,492,303; 1913, $247,882,928.
Customs receipts: 1908, $426,425; 1910, $1,010,000;
1911, $1,738,473; 1912, $2,649,911.
Calgary Grain Exchange has 175 members; 200 whole
sale and jobbing firms require the services of 1,500 com-
mercial travellers.
Calgary has over 100 factories, employing 9,000.
Calgary has 22 bank branches, 10 parks, 31 public
schools — 3 separate and 9 of higher education, 146 teachers
and 6,167 pupils in 1912, and 45 churches.
Calgary's assessment: 1906, $771,921; 1913, $132,-
000,000.
Calgary Municipal Street Railway: Net earnings, year
ending June 30th, 1913, $64,492; passengers carried, 1912,
15,000,000.
EDMONTON AND MEDICINE HAT FACTS.
Population, 1901, 3,167; by card census, July, 1912,
53,611.
Building permits: 1905, $702,724; 1912, $14,446,819.
Tax assessment, land only: 1905, $6,620,985; 1912,
$123,512,590.
Twenty-six chartered banks and branches, bank clear-
ing: 1908, $38,486,496; 1912, $220,727,624.
Passengers carried on street cars: 1911, 6,296,824;
1912, 11,250,404.
Edmonton has 81 miles of sewers, 94 miles of water
mains, 121 miles of sidewalks, 30 miles of paved streets,
801 acres of public parks.
Edmonton awns and operates its street cars, tele-
phones, waterworks, power plant, street paving and sewer
building departments. '
Medicine Hat: "The town that was born lucky."—
Kipling. Estimated population, 17,000; assessment,
$20,393,950; owns 900 acres of industrial sites; 31 in-
dustries employ 1,913 men; building permits, $3,851,572
(40 per cent, increase). Climate: Mean temperatures,
summer, 63.7; wint§r, 12.5.
17
BRITISH COLUMBIA FACTS.
B.C. CENSUS RETURNS, 19O1 AND 1911.
1901. 191
Population No. 178,657 392,480
Number of all farms " 6,739 18,467
Total land area ac. 236,922,177 226,186,370
Land occupied " 1,497,382 2,539,993
Land improved " 473,646 477,576
Land unimproved " 1,023,736 2,062,417
Land in natural forest " 391,096 l,51fi,987
Land in field crops " 171,424 239,820
Land in orchard and nursery" 7,502 33.606
British Columbia is the land of illimitable possibilities.
B.C. History: Vancouver Island made a British
Colony in 1849. British Columbia formed by Imperial
edict, in 1858; the two Colonies united in 1866 as British
Columbia, which became a Province of the Dominion in
1871.
B.C. Area: 395,000 square miles; 10 per cent, of
Canadian area; three times size of United Kingdom, and
larger than California, Oregon and Washington combined,
or of Italy, Switzerland and France.
British Columbia has 7,000 miles of coast line and
200,000 square miles of mountains (Switzerland, only
16,000).
B.C. Fruit Trees, 1910. Apple, 1,976.425; poach,
202,029; pear, 149,472; plum, 169,211; cherry, 105,787;
other, 74,562.
B. C. Live Stock: Horses, 75,000; cattle, 139,183;
sheep, 39,272; swine, 33,604.
B. C. fishery production, 1913, $14,453,488 — nearly one-
k»lf of Canada's product. Salmon catch value $9,550,368.
B C. fisheries production, all years, $165,630,960.
$200,000,000 is being spent in new railways in B.C.
B. C. Crop Areas, 1913: Wheat, 9,618 acres; oats,
45,042; barley, 2,564; hay and clover, 91,159; alfalfa, 6,422;
potatoes, 11,243; pasture lands, 34,900.
B.C. agricultural products, 1912, $22,000,000.
British Columbia won Premier Gold Medal for apples
at Royal Horticultural Society, London, December, 1913;
also at Sheffield and Edinburgh.
B.C. population: Ten years ago, 178,000; 1911,
392,180; now, estimated, $502,283.
B8
In 1902, total tonnage cleared in and out of Va»
eouver and Victoria for sea-going traffic was 3,175,000
tons; in 1912, 7,679,000 tons, or 210 per cent, increase.
Add coasting trade of 2,932,000 tons in 1902, advanced
350 per cent, to 10,271,000 tons in 1912.
British Columbia imported $35,000,000 worth of pro
ducts, 1912-13.
British Columbia produces 150,000 horse-power through
electric light and power plants (Vancouver, 80,000).
"Only a drop in the bucket of what could be produced."
Estimated maximum development, 6,400,000 h.-p.
B.C. products of forests, mines, fields and fisheries,
total $100,000,000 a year.
B.C. manufactured products, $65,204,235. Capital in-
vested therein, $123,027,521. 651 plants have 33,312 em-
ployees, on salary of $2,646,251, and wages of $14,594.419.
B.C. lumber cut, 1912 (275 saw-mills), 1,313,782,000
board feet, greatest on record; value, $17,738,830.
Government revenue, $2,000,000 a year.
British Columbia has 15,000,000 acres of standing
timber.
British Columbia has, it is estimated, 65 million acres
of timber lands and over 300 billion feet, board measure,
of timber, or over half the standing timber of Canada.
British Columbia has $13,000,000 invested in pulp and
paper industry.
Biitish Columbia mining data: Production, 1912, of
83 mines, $32,440,800. Highest on record; nearly doubled
in ten years. Increase of $8,941,728 over 1911. Total
production, all years to 1912, $430,137,522, including gold,
placer $72,194,603, lode $70,859,022, or total of $143,053,-
625; silver, $33,863,940; lead, $27,520,753; copper, $73,-
723,562.
1912 mineral production: Gold, $5,877,942; silver,
$1,810, 045; lead, $1,805,627; copper, $8,408,513; coal,
$9,200,814; zinc, $316,139; coke, $1,585,998; miscellaneous,
$3,435,722.
Coal and coke production, all years, to date, 39,832,-
184 tons, value, $132,871,155; building materials, $17,-
376,084; other metals, zinc, etc., $1,528,403.
3,402 men were employed in the 86 shipping mines,
and 435 in the non-shipping ones.
Coal production, 1912, 2,628,804 tons; value, $9,200,814.
29
British Columbia is building a highway from Van-
couver to Alberta.
In twenty-seven years, British Columbia has produced
27 per cent, of Canada's entire mineral production value.
Crow's Nest coalfields, estimated to yield 10,000,000
tons of coal a year for 7,000 years.
British Columbia has 300,000 square miles of mineral
land open to prospectors.
Yukon gold production, 1912, $5,540,000; silver.
$36,953; coal, $8,640.
British Columbia estimated coal resources, 76 billion
metric tons.
British Columbia spends over a million a year on
education.
VANCOUVER AND VICTORIA FACTS.
Vancouver is twenty-five years old; Canada's fourth
city in size.
Vancouver is Canada's chief seaport on the Pacific.
Vancouver's population: 1886, 1,000; now, estimated
at 160,000'.
Vancouver's wholesale trade totals $75yOOO,000 a year.
Vancouver has seventeen financial organizations
operating sixty banks.
Vancouver telephones total 22,852 within the city.
Vancouver industries number 178, with a capital in-
vestment of $22,815,375; an annual output of $16,000,000,
and an annual payroll of $6,500,000.
Vancouver improvements include: Paved streets, 49.3
miles; blocked streets, 141.5 miles; cement sidewalks, 191.3
miles; sewers, 153.5 miles; water mains, 259.1 miles; 111
miles of city street car tracks, connecting with 155 miles
of inter-urban tracks.
Vancouver is the terminus of six railways. Two
railway stations, each costing over $1,000,000, are under
construction.
Vancouver's 12,393 public school pupils and 340
teachers are housed in two high schools, twenty-seven
grade schools and five manual training schools.
Victoria, the capital of British Columbia. Population,
67,000. Bank clearings, $176,977,074; customs revenue,
$2,619,470,
Vancouver Island is one of the most interesting parts
of the British Empire, being rich in scenery, timber, soil,
orchards and fisheries. 30
MANITOBA FACTS.
Field crops, 1913 (Prov. Govt. estimate):
Bushels. Average. Acres.
Wheat 62,755,455 20 3,141,218
Oats 81,410,174 42 1,939,723
Barley 33,014,693 28.6 1,153,834
Flax, rye and peas 1,595,624 . . . 130,905
178,775,946 6,364,880
Manitoba first settled in 1812 by 125 Scotch settlers,
under Lord Selkirk, on grant of 116,000 square miles.
Manitoba's area, 251,832 square miles, or 161,172,298
acres (148,432,698 land, 12,739,600 water).
Lake Winnipeg, 270 miles long by from 20 to 60 miles
\vidc. Lake Manitoba, 130 by 20 miles. Lake Winni-
pegosis, 150 by 6 to 20 miles.
Manitoba Agricultural College, 1912, 539 students.
Population: 1840, 4,704; 1870, 12,228; 1891, 152,506;
I !>'H. 2.->5,211; 1906, 360,000; 1909, 466,268; 1911, 455,614.
Rural population fell from 72 per cent, in 1901 to 5(5
per cent, in 1911.
Rural population of Province in 1911 greater by 38
than total population of 1901.
Area of occupied land in 1911, of 12,367,355 acres (in-
crease of 69 per cent, in last decade), represents 8.33 per
cent, of present land area.
Number of farmers, 1912, 50,000; 1901, 32^495.
Area of improved lands increased from 3,995,305 acres
in 1901 to 6,762,582 in 1911, or 69.26 per cent. Increase
in previous decade, 224 per cent.
Wheat area increased 40 per cent, between 1900 and
1910.
Value of lands owned, buildings, farm implements
and live stock, census of 1911, $465,810,806; average pel-
farm holding of $10,050.
Gross returns to the farm from field crops, fruits, live
stock sold, dairy products, etc., $71,613,409.
Live stock on farms (June 30th, 1913): 304,100
horses, 152,800 milch cows, 256,900 other cattle, 42,800
sheep, 184,500 swine. (Census Bureau estimate.)
Land prepared for crops: 1914, 2,882,171; 1913,
1,945,223. 1912 yield.. 182,357,494 bushels from 5,935,828
acres.
Value of live stock, 1911: $02,730.477. Increase of 6P
per cent, in decade.
Manitoba's wheat yield: 1909, 45,774,707 bushels
(average yield, 17.33); 1913, 62,755,955 bushels (average
jield, 20 bushels.
Manitoba's potato crop, 1913, 9,977,263 bushels; roots,
4,196,612; fodder crops, 398,964 tons.
Manitoba's estimated coal resources, 160 million
metric tons.
Manitoba will spend $2,500,000 ou good roadi.
Value of new farm buildings, 1913, $2,966,125.
Dairy products, 1913, $3,416,248, viz., butter, $2,104,
368; cheese, $52,064; milk and cream, $1,159,816.
Land area, 147,152,880 acres. Available for cultiva
tion in surveyed part, 26,872,251 acres. Value improved
land, $32.15 per acre; unimproved, $19.40.
Manitoba has 3,756 threshing outfits.
Manitoba incorporated 469 companies in 1912, and
1,226 other companies licensed to do business.
Manitoba Government telephones: Revenue, year end-
ing Nov. 30th, 1913, $1,707,149; expenses, $1,269,909; net
earnings, $437,239; interest charges, $406,975; aurplui,
$30,264.
Manitoba had, 1912-13, 698 elevators, with capacity
of 22,253,150 bushels.
WINNIPEG PACTS.
Winnipeg — third city in Canada. Less than 40 yearg
ago a Hudson's Bay trading post, now ranks fourth in
Canada's industrial centres. Manufacturing output, 1905,
8^ millions; output 1912, 39 millions; increase of 400 per
cent, in 10 years; over 400 factories and shops in 1913,
employing 18,000. Wages, $10,000,000.
Population, 1870, 215; 1902, 48,411; census, 1911,
136,835; 1913. 225,000, with suburbs.
New buildings erected in past five years, $81,077,525.
Customs receipts, 1912-13, $9,909,918.
. Number of buildings in past two years, 9,880.
Miles sewers, 228; water mains, 258; sidewalks, 496.
Boulevards, 120 miles; pavements, 169 miles.
Winnipeg has planned a $13,000,000 water supply
scheme from Shoal Lake.
Winnipeg surpasses Chicago and Minneapolis as a
grain market
Winnipeg's assessment: 1900, $25,077,400; 1902, $28,-
615,810; 1905, $62,727,630; 1906, $80,511,727; 1909, $131,-
402,800; 1912, $214,360,440; 1913, $259,419,520'.
Tax rate, 1914, 13 mills.
Winnipeg City estimates, 1913, $4,325,450.
Winnipeg has 252 policemen, 192 firemen, 122 churches,
and 45 publications.
Winnipeg has 5 railroad systems, 24 pair of railway
tracks, radiating from it; 5,900 railway employee*.
Winnipeg Manufacturers' Association, third largest
in Canada. Industrial Bureau, 28 business bodies affili-
ated, and 1,400 business firms.
Winnipeg's commercial field, largest in Canada,
covered by 13,480 miles of railways.
Winnipeg is greatest grain market on continent.
Winnipeg owns its water and light system, quarries,
asphalt plant, and water power development of 60,000
h.p., selling power and light at cost.
Winnipeg bank clearings in 1902 were $188,370,000;
they reached $504,585,914 in 1906; 1913, $1,634,977,237.
Winnipeg has an annual wholesale turnover of
$140,000,000; 4,000 commercial travellers.
Winnipeg's annual freight tonnage, 2,500,000 tons.
Winnipeg has 41 schools, 531 teachers. 24,500 school
enrollment.
Winnipeg's death rate is one of the lowest on the
continent.
Winnipeg imported $140,000,000 worth of goods
during 1913.
180,500,000 bush, of grain inspected in Winnipeg in
1913; 53,000,000 bush, still in Prairie Provinces. Grain
receipts, 1913: Port Arthur and Fort William, 151 million
bush.
MARITIME PROVINCES.
Total land area, 32,774,928 acres; one- third under
occupation, viz., 86 per cent, in P.E.I., 39 per cent, in Nova
Scotia, 25 per cent, in New Brunswick.
Occupiers of land, 106,186. Field crops, acreage: 1900,
2,065,300; 1910, 2,169,234.
Live stock in 1911: Horses, 19,306,545; milch com,
9,177,023; other cattle, 5,160,903; sheep, 1,764,257; swine,
1,528,800.
33
ITU' B ico°
120 B 110 C longitude :
D800 BO' 50° <0° E 30° F 20J
NOVA SCOTIA AND HALIFAX FACTS.
Nova Scotia's 1913 yield, $137,000,000, viz.: Coal,
$22,500,000; coke, $2,600,000; gold and other minerals,
$125,000; gypsum, limestone, etc., $800,000; building
materials, $410,000; pig iron, $2,500,000; steel, steel rails,
rods, etc., $17,550,000; fisheries, $8,000,000; manufactures,
ships and freights, $46,250,000; products of the farm,
$31,100,000; products of the forest, $5,000,000; game and
furs, $500yOOO. — Halifax Chronicle estimate.
"The industrial progress of Nova Scotia within the
past decade is an augury of its future position as one of
the great workshops of Canada." — Hon. G. H. Murray,
Premier.
Nova Scotia lumber cut, 1912, 312,763,000 board feet;
value, $4,306,083,
Nova Scotia apple sales, season of 1912-13, 13,989,091
barrels, mostly to Great Britain. Shipments also made
to Germany, Newfoundland, South Africa, Bermuda, etc.
Nova Scotia estimated coal resources, 9,718,968,000
metric tons.
Nova Scotia crop areas, 1913: Wheat, 12,500 acres;
oats, 98,600; barley, 5,500; rye, 800; peas, 170; mixed
grains, 4,100; hay and clover, 487,800; buckwheat, 7,200;
corn for husking, 150; for fodder, 580; beans, 870; pota-
toes, 27,100; turnips, etc., 10,200.
Nova Scotia live stock (June 30, 1913) : 62,600 horses,
130,500 milch cows, 153,700 other cattle, 217,700 sheep,
56,600 swine.
Nova Scotia immigrant arrivals, 1912, 5,962 (2,736
from England, 3,826 foreign). — Prov. Immigration Office
Report.
Over $50,000,000 are to be expended at Halifax and
vicinity on terminals, piers, public buildings, etc.
One hundred and eighty-five ships, of 2,000,000' tons,
entered harbor during 1913.
Customs receipts: 1913, $2,228,534; 1912, $2,286,327.
Halifax has one of the largest and best equipped dry-
docks in America.
Founded in 1749, made a city in 1842. Population,
48,000. Harbor 6 miles long, protected by 11 forts; capable
of accommodating the combined naval fleets of the world.
Chief British naval station in North America.
NEW BRUNSWICK AND ST. JOHN FACTS.
New Brunswick made a province in 1784. Population.
1901, 331,120; 1911, 351,899.
New Brunswick's estimated coal resources, 151 million
metric tons.
New Brunswick crop areas, 1913: Wlieat, 11,800; Oats,
186,600; barley, 2,300; peas, 500; mixed grains, 1,100; hay
and clover, 535,200; buckwheat, 59,900; beans, 280; po
tatoes, 42,500; turnips, etc., 8,500; corn for fodder, 150.
New Brunswick has a population of 12 to the square
mile; all Canada, nearly 2.
New Brunswick had, 1910, 1,158 industrial establish
ments. Capital, $36,125,012; employees, 24,755; wages,
$8,314,212; value of products, $35,422,302, increase of 68
per ecnt. in 10 years.
New Brunswick live stock (June 30th, 1913): 65,100
horses, 106,900 milch cows, 107,900 other cattle, 135,100
sheep, 77,000 swine.
New Brunswick's lumber cut, 1912, 449,738,000 board
feet; value, $6,042,533. Timber stand, 22 billion feet.
New Brunswick apple shipments, 1912-13, from Port
of St. John, 28,675 barrels and 3,292 boxes.
New Brunswick revenue from Crown Lands, over
$500,000 annually. Crown Lands area, over 10,000 square
miles, or one-third of total area of Province*
New Brunswick fishing grounds are among the richesi
in the world, employing 20,000.
New Brunswick is one of the finest hunting grounds
in America.
St. John has the location, the labor, climate, raw ma
rerials and shipping facilities -which insures economy of
industrial production and adequate facilities for distribu-
tion. Census pop., 42,511. Present pop., 52,000. 44
churches, 480 acres of parks. Canadian terminus of 15
steamship lines. Second largest shipping port in Canada.
10-year increase in export trade, $17,325,968. Bank clear
ings, 1913, 17 banks, $82,665,827.
PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND FACTS,
Prince Edward Island crop areas, 1913: Wheat, 29,500
acres; oats, 176,200; barley, 4,200; peas, 70; mixed grains,
7,500; hay and clover, 184,100; buckwheat, 2,600; potatoes,
31,400; turnips, etc., 7,400; corn for fodder, 260.
»7
Prince Edward Island live stock (June 30th, 1913) :
36,000 horses, 48,600 milch cows, 64,300 other cattle, 85,700
slieep, 43,800 swine.
Prince Edward Island is headquarters of the fur
farming industry of the world.
P.E.I, has 130 incorporated fox companies, with an
authorized capital of over $14,000,000, and 147 fox ranches
not incorporated. They contain 1,602 silver foxes, besides
hundreds of others less valuable.
One hundred and one fox companies were incorporated
in P.E.L during 1913, besides many oyster-farming, in-
dustrial and trading companies.
Selling prices for P.E.I, silver foxes, at close of 1913,
were $20,000 to $30,000 per pair for proved breeders, and
for young foxes born during the year, $15,000 per pair.
P.E.I, has 187 lobster-canning establishments.
P.E.L farm crops, exclusive of fruits, in "1913, were
valued at, as follows: Wheat, $450,000; oats, $2,420,000;
barley, $80,000; mixed grain, $203,500; buckwheat, $42,500;
roots, $625,000; hay, $3,000,000. Total, $8,186,000.
P.E.I. Provincial revenue for 1913 exceeds $500,000,
being $100,000 in excess of any previous year.
No part of P.E.I, is more than ten miles from rail-
way, and three-fourths of its area is within five miles of
the rails.
P.E.I, fur farming includes the breeding of three
varieties of foxes, also racoon, fisher, beaver, otter, mink,
muskrat, marten and Eussian sable, as well as Persian
lambs.
P.E.I, has $246 worth of farm implements per farm,
as against $157 in N.B., and $87 worth in N.S.
FACTS ABOUT CHARLOTTETOWN.
Charlottetown has one of the finest harbors in Canada,
entirely land-locked, with a shore front of over four miles.
Charlottetown has broad macadamized streets, with
concrete sidewalks, lined with lawns and shade trees.
Charlottetown 's "water supply system is pure, cold,
spring water in abundance. There is none better in Canada
or the world.
Within a radius of 25 miles in and around Charlotte
town, there are 50,000 people.
Charlottetown has one of the finest market buildings
io Canada,
38
ONTARIO] FACTS.
Ontario first settled about 1784, by 10,000 United
Empire Loyalists.
Ontario's population: 1824, 150,066; 1831, 236,702;
1841, 455,688; 1851, 952,004; 1861, 1,396,091; 1871,
1,620,851; 1881, 1,926,922; 1891, 2,114,321; 1901, 2,182,947;
.1911, 2,523,274.
Ontario's rural population: 1891, 1,295,323; 1906,
1,246,969; 1911, fell to 1,194,785,
Ontario's area: 418,262 square miles, or 267,000,000
acres.
Ontario's area (outside of District of Patricia),
126,000,000 acres. Disposed of, 26,141,209 acres; in
Crown, 99,858,791 acres. 'Patricia contains 103,000,000
acres.
Ontario is three times as large as United Kingdom,
aud larger than France or Germany, nearly as large as
South Africa.
Ontario's occupied land: 1911, 21,933,700 acres; only
about 10 per cent, of total area. Increase of 2.73 per cent,
in last decade, and 1.22 in previous one. Only 15.54 per
cent, of land area, exclusive of Patricia, is occupied agri-
culturally.
Ontario's farm holdings, 1911, 223,260; decrease of
867 in ten years (mostly in small holdings).
Ontario's working capital of farmers, 1911, $1,216,-
864,992, including value of lands owned, buildings, farm
implements and live stock on hand. Gross earnings.
$314,112.073.
Ontario has under cultivation less than 6 per cent, of
its total a rea, viz., a little over 13 million acres, and has
parted with less than 10 per cent, of its Crown area, leav-
ing 220 million acres in the Crown.
Ontario's land in field crops, 1911, 9,691,116 acres;
increase of 5.19 per cent, in ten years. Land in orchard
and nursery, 268,000; vegetables and small fruits, 70,437.
Ontario crop areas, 1913: Wheat, 673,600 acres (571,000
fall, 102,600 spring) ; oats, 2,664,700; barley, 473,600; rye,
86,500; peas, 185,500; mixed grains, 373,000; hay and
clover, 3,305,700; alfalfa, 97,100; buck wheat, 190,200;
corn for husking, 253,400; for- fodder, 245,300; flax,
6,800; beans, 43,300; potatoes, 148,300; turnips, etc.,
138,500; sugar beets, 15,300.
M
ONTARIO'S FIELD CROPS, 1913 (Ont. Govt. Estimate)
Acres. Bushels. Per acre.
Fall wheat 646,533 15,945,717 24.7
Spring wheat 116,581 2,068,951 17.7
Barley 623,658 18,255,958 29.3
Oats 2,699,459 98,426,902 36.5
Peas 177,303 3,108,263 17.5,
Beans 66,639 1,021,243 15.3
Rye 118,429 1,979,775 16.7
Buckwheat 228,279 4,012,41S 17.6
Corn (husking) 299,871 22,214,014 74.1
Corn (silo) 388,138 4,059,345 10.46
Potatoes . . 159,661 19,124,1151 120.
Mixed grains 414,517 15,113,480 36.5
Hay and clover 3,428,846 3,924,563 (tons)
Sugar beets 19,083 6,389,117
Ontario's live stock (June 30th, 1913): 902.600
horses, 1,141,100 milch cows, 1,460,000 other cattle,
705,900 sheep; 1,652,500 swine (census estimate).
Ontario has over 1,200 wood-using industries, using
thirty-four different kinds of wood. Quantity used an-
nually, 807,456 m. feet, board measure; value, $19,161,384.
82 per cent, of supply purchased in Ontario.
Ontario leads Canada in lumber cut, 1912, viz.,
1,385,186,000 board feet, out of total of 4,380,723,000;
value, $26,774,937; decrease of 19.3 per cent, over 1911.
Ontario Crown Lands revenue since 1867, over $10,-
000,000, and from timber, over $47,000,000.
Ontario forest reserves are: 17,930 square miles; of
parks, 1,937 miles.
Ontario's tobacco lands, 1910, 7,007 acres; yield,
7,490,211 Ibs.
Temiskaming and Northern Ontario Railway has cost,
with equipment, $18,500,000.
District of Patricia: Area, 157,400 square miles, or
uearly three-fourths of that of France or Germany. Addf
sixty per cent, to area of Ontario, and gives it over
600 miles of seashore on James and Hudson Bays.
Ontario's estimated coal resources, 25 million metric
tons.
Value of land, $723,902,419; buildings, $317,876,963;
implements, $84,969,426; live stock, $214,720,424. Total,
$1,341,469,232.
40
Timiskaming and Northern Ontario R.R., year ending
Oct. 31st, 1913: Revenue, $1,656,154; expenses, $1,477,550;
net, $178,604. With royalties, $81,805, making total net
revenue of $260,410. Mileage, 432.77. Payroll, $1,218,472.
Ontario vital statistics, 1912: Births, 50,870 (birth
rate of 22.4; lowest since 1903); marriages, 28,845;
deaths, 32,150, or ratio of 12.4 per thousand — a rate lower
than most leading countries.
Ontario has 100 Farmers' Institutes; membership,
18,290. 750 Women's Institutes; membership, 22,042; and
200 Farmers' Clubs.
Ontario Bureau of Industries, estimate for 1912:
Assessed land, 24,683,747 acres; cleared, 14,381,650 acres;
woodland, 5,333,296 acjres; slash land, 2,307,773 acres;
marsh or swamp lands, 2,661,028 acres; percentage of land
cleared, 58.26.
Ontario has, through its Department of Neglected and
Dependent Children and Children's Aid Societies, placed
over 10,000 children in foster homes in the past twenty
years-.
Ontario forest reserves: Timagami, 5,900 miles;
Mississaga, 3,000; Nepigon, 7,300; Eastern, 100; Sibley,
70; Algonquin Park, 2,062V1>; Quetico , 1,560; Rondeau
Park, 8. Total area, 20,000^ square miles.
ONTARIO MINING FACTS.
Ontario mining production, 1912 (Bureau of Mine*
basis of estimate), $47,471,990; increase of $5,495,183 over
1911, or 13 per cent. Highest on record. Doubled in five
years.
Metallic production was $34,095,565, or 72 per cent.,
including, gold, $1,859,285; silver, $17,455,080; nickel,
$4,722,040; copper, $1,581,062; iron ore, $238,884; pig iron,
$8,054,369.
Non-metallic was $13,376,425, or 28 per cent., includ-
ing: Arsenic, $79,297; brick and tile, $4,211,784; cement,
$3,373,653; natural gas, $2,267,897; petroleum, $344,537;
lime, $381,672; sewer pipe, $427,353; salt, $450,251.
Cobalt's total production to Dec. 31, 1912, $83,197,953.
Ontario minerals: Production, 1912 (Dominion esti-
mate), $51,906,876, or 38 per cent., out of $135,048,296 of
all Canada, thus ranking first among provinces.
Ontario had, for first time, a substantial production
of gold, viz., $1,859,285.
41
Ontario supplies 75 per cent, of world's nickel, and,
for every seven ounces of silver mined, one ounce comes
from Cobalt.
Ontario had eight blast furnaces in operation in 1912.
•Cobalt's total distribution of profits, since beginning
of camp, nearly $41,000,000 on gross aggregate return for
sales of silver of $81,777,260.
Cobalt camp has produced approximately $45,000.000,
expended for labor, food supplies, machinery and other
materials.
Cobalt has paid for the Timiskaming and Northern
Ontario Railway twice over.
Nineteen Cobalt and other mining companies paid.
1913, $11,155,466 in dividends.
Porcupine gold camp output, 1913, $4,425,000.
Cobalt's silver production, 1913 (estimated), 30,600,000
ounces; value, $18,000,000.
Cobalt's bullion shipments, 1913, 21,173.25 tons; 1912,
21.753.56 tons.
TORONTO FACTS.
Toronto founded as a French trading post, 1749.
Chosen as provincial capital, 1792. Incorporated as a
city, 1834; population, 9,254. Only ten cities in America
have larger population now.
Ten-year population increase, 1900-1910, 81 per cent.;
exceeded in North America only by Los Angeles.
Gross assessment, 1914, $513,206,126; increase of $77,-
086,077 over 1913i Total of only $149,159,206 in 1905.
Estimated assessment population: 1905, 238,642; 1914,
44'5,575; increase of 28,305 in a year.
Customs receipts: 1912-13, $20,261,577; 1911-12,
$15,408,316. Bank clearings, $2,181,281,577.
Toronto exceeds New York in use of telephone: New
York has 500,000, or 105 'to every thousand of population;
Toronto, 53,000, or 120 to every thousand. Toronto phones
doubled in five years.
Toronto has: Public schools, 85; high schools, 8; tech-
nical, 1; separate schools, 22; Protestant industrial schools,
2; Roman Catholic industrial schools, 1; 40 colleges, sem-
inaries and pay schools; 3 cathedrals, about 245 churches,
10 synagogues, 48 missions, 5 missionary training schools,
and 9 convents.
-42
Industrial establishments, 1,200; employees, 78,000.
Toronto Board of Trade, 2,750 members.
59,974 children attend the public schools, 3,163 high
schools, 7,173 separate schools. There are 1,055 principals
and teachers in the public schools; 185 kindergarten teach-
ers and 162 teachers in the high schools.
Vital statistics, 1913: Births 14,100, marriages 6,422,
deaths 6,947.
Streets gas lighted, 1840; gas pipes now, 584 miles;
82,022 gas meters; 75,000 users. First electric cars, 1891.
Street E.E. Co. earnings, 1913, $6,024,405.
Toronto ranks second industrially in 'Canada. Pro
duction value, 1910, $154,000,000; increase of 164 per cent,
in ten years.
Toronto's area is 33 square miles.
Toronto's 508 miles of streets ould reach to New York;
360 miles sewers to Montreal; concrete side walks to
Quebec.
Toronto has 52 parks and gardens of 1,743 acres; 300
firemen; 550 policemen.
Toronto has the largest exhibition in America. At
tendance, one million. •
Toronto 'building permits, 1912, 7,173; number of
buildings, 10,217; value, $27,401,761. 1913: 7,177; number
of buildings, 9,884; value, $27,038,624.
Toronto fires: 1913, 1,852 (loss, $996,397); 1912, 1,670
(loss, $1,112,484).
SOME ONTARIO TOWNS.
Gait: Population, 11,932; assessment, $8,192,540.
Fort William: Population, 24,071.
Port Arthur: Population, 17,645.
. . Guelph: Population, 16,139; assessment, $10,722,553.
Niagara Falls: Population, 11.700; assessment,
*M67,000.
Kingston: Population, 20,000; assessment, $11,949.577.
Peterboro: Population. 20,150; assessment increase,
$1,065.532.
Ottawa: Population, nearly 100,000; customs revenue
1912-13, $1,819,162; bank clearings, $207,667,006.
Hamilton: Population, 100,000; increase in five years,
MO per cent. Assessment, $85,000,OCK)t. Four hundred in-
dustries employ 27,000; wages, $15,000,000; value of oxit-
put, $60,000,000. The Birmingham of Canada.
London: Population, over 50,000; bank clearings,
$90,720,202.
Berlin: Population, 18,338; assessment, $9,584,467.
Brantford: Population, 30,000; 3,000 acres; assessment,
$17,500,000; eighty-six industries have capital invested of
$21,000,000; factory employees, 8,300; annual pay roll,
$4,000,000; annual production, $17,000,000. Ten year'i
progress: Population, 80 per cent.; Assessment, 113 per
<'ent.; capital invested, 192 per cent.; annual production,
185 per cent.
QUEBEC FAOTS.
' ' The onward march of progress and prosperity, which
has been the outstanding feature of the Province of
Quebec for the last few years, has continued throughout
1913, with unabated vigor." — Sir Lomer Gouin, Premier
of Quebec.
Quebec is Canada's largest province, 706,834 square
miles (455.078,602 acres of land, and 7,295,158 of water)
larger than five United Kingdoms.
Population: 1901, 1,648,898; 1911, 2,002,712 (male,
1,011,247; female, 991,465; 80 per cent, of population, or
approximately 1,670,000, are French speaking, and 20 per
cent., or 418,000, English speaking. In Canada, outside
Quebec Province, about 550,000 French-speaking people.
Total French-speaking population of Canada, approxi-
mately, 2,220,000.
Of French-speaking people in Quebec, 70 per cent., or
1,169,000 live in villages and rural districts, and 30 per
cent., or 501,000, in cities and large towns.
Aggregate yearly wages of French-speaking people in
Quebec, in industries, estimated to be $150,000,000.
Quebec has 4,845 industrial establishments, increase of
1,619 in five years. Capitalization, $71,000,000; number
of employees, 39,000; wages paid, $22,000,000, and total
production of $131,000,000.
Quebec City manufactured products, 1910, $17,149.385.
Quebec revenue from fisheries, hunting, etc., 1911-12,
$116,080.
Quebec has 200 incorporated Fish and Game Clubs.
Quebec has six Building Societies and Trust and Loan
Companies.
Quebec has 45,000 miles of "highway*.
44
Quebec Highways. The King Edward Highway con
stitutes the most important piece of road construction in
the Dominion.
During the summer of 1913, 225 miles of roads were
macadamized, and 60 miles gravelled.
From July 1 to Oct. 15, 1913 Quebec spent $1,592,392
on roads. Within 5 years 2,000 miles of road will have
been macadamized or gravelled. Municipalities have
already asked $8,198,000 out of ten millions voted in 1912
for the improvement of roads.
Quebec crop areas, 1913: Wheat, 68,800; oats.
1,176,600; barley, 86,000; rye, 16,700; peas, 25,800; mixed
grains, 115,700; hay and clover, 2,666,400; buckwheat.
92,200; corn for husking, 19,100; for fodder, 35,600;
beans, 8,500; flax, 1,600; potatoes, 128,200; turnips, etc.,
12,300.
Quebec live stock (June 30th, 1913): 370,000 horses,
761,800 milch cows, 693,500 other cattle, 602,800 sheep,
661,800 swine.
Quebec Government ordinary revenue, 1912-13,
$8,382,737 (highest on record); ordinary expenditure,
$7,612.161; extraordinary expenditure", $341,823. Surplus
over all, $428,752.
Quebec's mineral production, 1912 (Provincial esti
mate), $11,187,110; increase of 28.9 per cent, over 1911.
Quebec supplies 80 per cent, of the world's use of
asbestos; 1912 value. $8,059,084; 1913 (estimated),
$3,200,000.
Quebec has 557 butter factories, 989 cheese factories,
and 593 combined.
In one year, after Quebec prohibited export of pulp
wood from Crown lands, nineteen pulp, paper and lumber
Companies were incorporated, with capital of $41,709,000.
Quebec's lumber cut, 1912, 677,215,000 board feet:
value, $10,693,262.
Quebec has twenty-eight pulp and paper mills.
Quebec City, census population, 78,067; 90 per cent.
French speaking.
Quebec citadel erected on Cape Diamond in 1832 at
cost of $25,000,000. Dufferin Terrace is 1,500 feet long.
Quebec's Board of Trade membership, 400.
First steam railway built in Canada, 1836 — from La
prairie to St. Johns; Que.
<l
MONTREAL FACTS.
Montreal: On site of Indian village of Hochelaga.
visited by Cartier in 1535. In 1611, Champlain established
a trading post — Place Royale. In 1642, Maisonneuve
founded Montreal.
Montreal 'a budget for 1914 is $11,000,000, the largest
Canadian civic revenue ever recorded.
Montreal's taxable property, 1912, $50-7,369,568. Ex-
emptions, $130,988,564, or one-fourth.
Montreal is the head of ocean navigation, nearly
1,000 miles from the open sea, the key to^ the great water-
ways of Canada, and its chief railway and shipping centre.
.Montreal's area, 26,121 acres. Parks and squares, 850
acres; 470 miles of streets; 231 miles of electric railway
lines.
Monti eal is Canada's leading industrial city. Value
of manufactured products, 1910, $195,177,563.
Montreal's population: 1763, 3,000; 1800, 12,000; 1870.
100,000; 1901, 266,826; 1911 census, 466,197; Westmount,
14,183. Estimated in 1912, 550,000 without, and 640,000
with suburbs. Estimated, end of 1913, 600.000 without,
and 700,000 with suburbs.
From 1900 to 1910, Montreal showed population in
crease of 70 per cent., greater than any United States city.
Cleveland comes next, with 46.9 per cent.; New York,
38.7 per cent.
Montreal City debt, $37,7*00,000. Building permits.
1913, $27,032,000.
Montreal's area, 18.7 square miles. 257 miles of
streets; 232 miles of sewers.
Montreal's Street Eailway mileage, 117. Passengers
carried, 95,376,373.
$38,000,000 has been spent on the Port of Montreal
and the St. Lawrence Channel.
Montreal overtook, in 1913, three United States cities
in volume of bank clearings; occupying sixth place among
cities of continent, and now leads all United States cities
in volume of bank clearings but five, and on the year has
shown larger percentage growth than any United Slates
<"ity.
Montreal harbor traffic, 1913. 14,246 vessels, viz.:
177 transatlantic, 343 Maritime Provinces. 13.426 inland.
Tonnage, 8,394,002.
46
SASKATCHEWAN FACTS.
"Saskatchewan, in 1913, maintained its position as
the most advantageous part of the world for the man or
family seeking opportunity for making a home." — Hon.
Walter Scott, Premier.
Incorporated a Province, Sept. 1st, 1905. Has Legis
lative Assembly of 54 members; 10 M.P.'s, 4 Senators.
Population: 1901, 91,279; 1911, 492,432 (male, 291,730;
female, 200,702).
Area, 250,650 square miles. Large as France, and
twice the size of British Isles. 760 by 320' miles.
Eighty per cent, of population engaged in agriculture.
Saskatchewan stands first amongst the wheat-pro-
ducing provinces of Canada. Produced 500,000,000 bushels
of wheat in the past twelve years.
Average wheat yield for past ten years (18.5) exceeds
that of United States for same period by over 5 to acre.
Saskatchewan holds world record for wheat grown for
commercial purposes.
Land area, 155,092,480 acres. Cultivated area. 10 per
cent.; 90 per cent, still open for settlement.
In 1901, 1 per cent. Saskatchewan arable acreage pro
duced 18,000,000 bushels of grain. In 1913, 15 per cent,
of arable acreage produced 243,513,384 bushels of grain.
Area of surveyed part cultivatable, 69,217,153 acres.
fiuler crop (Prov. eat.), 9,673,125 acres.
Saskatchewan Government estimated crop value:
1913, $110,208,013, including .wheat, $70,000,000; oats,
$25,348,400; barley, $2,412,608; flax, $11,654,280.
Total grain production: 243,513,384 bushels, including
112,369,405 wheat, 110,210,436 oats, 9,279,263 barley,
11,654,280 flax. Total production, 1912, 237,278,546
bushels.
Saskatchewan wheat acreage: 1913, 5,740,249; increase
of 6.6 per cent, over 1912. Oats, 2,638,562; increase, 8.9
per cent. Barley, 307,177; increase, 14.9 per cent. Flax,
967,137; 13 per cent. less.
Saskatchewan will have 12,000 rural telephones under
its Rural Telephone Act.
Saskatchewan has 7 cities, 72 towns, 277 villages, 295
rural municipalities.
Saskatchewan voted $1,200,000 for good roads during
1913.
Saskatchewan's four principal .grain crops for 1913,
per Provincial Department of Agriculture:
Acres sown, per acre. Yield.
Bushels
Wheat 5,760,249 19.5 112 360.405
Oats 2,638,562 41.7 110.210,436
Barley 307,177 30.& 9,279.263
Flax 967,137 12.0 Il,6o4,280
Saskatchewan won grand prize for hard wheat (73
Ibs. to the bushel) at International Dry Farming Congress,
October, 1913.
Saskatchewan live stock on farms, June 30th, 1913
(per Dominion Census): 418,000 horses, 154,400 milch cows,
460,200 other cattle, 112,500 sheep, 176,000 swine; 10 head
per farm. Provincial estimate, 15 per farm.
Saskatchewan live stock, 1913 (per Provincial esti-
mate): 609,500 horses, 322,790 milch cows, 534,460 other
cattle, 141,000 sheep, 406,10-0 swine, 5,000.000 poultry.
Provincial revenues: 1905, $665,306.59; 1907, $1,535,-
008.16; 1908, $1,938,120.53; 1909, $2,292,880.63; 1910.
$2,535,373.14; 1911, $2,656,626.91; 1912, $3,376,112.96.
Saskatchewan 's vital statistics, year ending Oct. 15th,
1913: 12,228 births, 4,492 marriages, 3,742 deaths.
Percentage of those able to read and write increased
from 1901 to 1911 by 22.16 per cent, in Saskatchewan; by
17.25 per cent, in Alberta.
Saskatchewan had, 1912-13, 1,246 elevators, with
capacity of 36,503,000 bushels.
Saskatchewan has thirty-one coal mines. Produced,
1912-13, 219.487 tons.
Saskatchewan's estimated coal resources, nearly 60
billion metric tons.
Saskatchewan's Government receipts, 1912-13, $4668,-
753; increase of $272,922 in a. year. Expenditure,
$4,656,800.
Saskatoon: Bank clearings, $96.034,723; customs re-
ceipts, $1,087,510; building permits, $2.633,845.
Eegina: Bank clearings, $132,087,457 (increase for
year, $16,357,806; building permits, $4,018,350. Over 700
new houses were erected.
Moose Jaw: Assessment, 1912, $43 665,298; population,
29,800; customs receipts, 1913, $562,876; bank clearings,
$61,468,943; building permits, $3,986,280.
43
RAILWAY FACTS.
During year ending June 30th, 1913, Canada's railways
••arried more passengers and freight, ran more trains and
employed more than ever before.
Canada's railway mileage, June 30th, 1913, 29,304, or
(including all tracks and sidings), 38,223, doubled in 20
years. Mileage in 1836, 16; at Confederation, 1867, 2,278.
Canada's railway mileage will have doubled since 1903.
By 1915, the lines under construction will be completed,
representing 35,000 miles, as against less than 19,0-00 in
1913.
Ontario leads in mileage, with 9,000; Quebec, 3,986;
Saskatchewan, 4,651; Alberta, 2,212; British Columbia,
1,951; New Brunswick, 1,545; Nova Scotia, 1,360; Prince
Edward Island, 279; Yukon, 102; Manitoba, 3,993.
Capital invested in railways, $1,548,256,796 (revised).
vised).
Canada's railways have been given cash subsidies of
$217,830,158, viz., $163,251,469 from Dominion, $36,500,015
from provinces, and $18,078,674 from municipalities. Do-
minion and Provincial Governments have also guaranteed
railway bonds for many millions. Eailway subsidies,
1912-13, $9,758,084.
Canada has given to transportation, through govern
uients and municipalities, $800,000,000, in addition to
$127,000,000 invested in Government-owned lines.
Capitalization of railways in Canada, $60,000 par
mile; $57,976 in United States; $275,040 in Britain.
Passengers carried in 1913, 46,230,765 (doubled in ten
years); tons of freight, 106,992,710 (trebled in twelve).
Total earnings, $256,702,703; operating expenses,
$182,011,690.
During the year ended June 30th, 1913, the various
governments guaranteed bonds of Canadian railways
$29,890,329, bringing the total up to $274,960,374. During
the same period the sum of $100,483,633 was added to the
capital liability of railways.
Thirty years ago Canadian passenger trains ran a
total of 8,298,957 miles; 1913, 45,652,365 miles.
Fourteen years ago, it cost 80 cents to run a train one
mile; now, $1.60.
Canada has one mile of railway to 240 people.
Canada's railways employ 178,652. Annual wages,
$115,749,825. iO
Timiskaming & Northern Ontario Railway (operated
by Government Commission): Total mileage, 425.49, viz.:
Main line, 252.8; branch lines, 77.98; yards and sidings.
94.71.
T. & N. O.: Net revenue, including royalties and land
sale, 1911-12, $532,033; gross revenue, $1,707,450; operating
expenses, $1,384,697. Pay roll, $1,000,310. Capital cost
of line to 30th June, 1913, $19,065,114.
Canada has 1,742 miles of Government railways.
Total cost, on March 31st, 1913, $105,929,173. Passengers
carried, 1912-13, 4,304,568; freight, 5,439,175 tons.
[See page xxi for other Intercolonial Railway Facts.]
Electric railway mileage: 1901, 553; 1913, 1,356.
Passengers carried, 1913, 598 millions.
Canada's railways carried, in 1912, 70,000,000 net
tons of freight. Railways moved ten tons of freight for
every ton carried through canals.
The operating mileage of Canada's railways received
the largest addition in 1913 of any year in its history,
while the number of miles under construction established
an entirely new and inspiring record.
Canada added 2,500 to its railway mileage in 1913.
$100,000,000' was spent by Canadian railways on
capital account in 1913; 1914 will probably equal it.
National Transcontinental Raiway: Total capital out-
lay, December, 1913, $152,000,000: Last steel, completing
Moncton — Winnipeg main line, laid Nov. 17th, 1913.
Canada has given 31,864,074 acres of lands to rail-
ways (in addition to cash subsidies, which makes a part
of the public debt), viz., 3,566,997 acres in Manitoba,
15,177,063 in Saskatchewan, 13,120-,014 in Alberta.
Total capital expenditure and the expenditure per
mile of Canadian railways: Canadian Pacific — total,
.t363,274,900; per mile, $35,126.07. Canadian Northern-
total, $170,411,188; per mile; $45,669.50. Grand Trunk
Pacific— total, $110,612,588; per mile, $87,537.66.
"For a nation, with a population of about eight mil-
lions of people, to have accomplished the task of raising, in
ten years, not very far short of 200 millions sterling of
capital for the construction of new railways and for the
development and improvement of its old ones, is probably
the most unique performance ever witnessed in financial
history." — Sir George Paish.
50
GRAND TRUNK SYSTEM.
The Grand Trunk System is Canada's pioneer raihva}.
Capital of Grand Trunk Eailway System and Grand
Trunk Pacific Eailway. $542,816,740.87 at June 30th, 1913.
G.T.E. rail and water lines will total, when completed,
15,134 miles.
Locomotives, 1,402; cars (passenger), 1,111; (freight),
41,644.
The Grand Trunk is the longest continuous double-
track railway in the world under one management.
The Grand Trunk is the only railway that reaches all
the famous summer resort districts in the "Highlands of
Ontario," including the Lake of Bays, Algonquin Pro-
vincial Park and Timagami.
The G.T.E. and G.T.P. will ultimately have a com-
bined mileage of 13,895; G.T.P. main line, 3,560,
The Grand Trunk Eailway System constructed the St.
Clair Tunnel, one of the longest submarine tunnels in the
world. It is operated by electricity.
The Grand Trunk Victoria Jubilee Bridge over St.
Lawrence Eiver, Montreal, is one of the longest bridges
in the world.
The Chateau Laurier, Ottawa, owned and operated by
the Grand Trunk Bailway is one of the finest hotels on
the American Continent.
The Fort Garry, Winnipeg, the fine new hotel built
and operated by the Grand Trunk Pacific, was opened
for the reception of guests on Dec. 10th, 1913.
The Grand Trunk Pacific crosses the Eocky Moun-
tains at an elevation of 3,712 feet, and with a rise of
but 21 feet to the mile, the lowest grade of any trans-
continental railway on ithe American Continent.
The Grand Trunk and Grand Trunk Pacific combined
will be one of the greatest railroads on the American Con-
tinent.
The Grand Trunk's "International Limited" is the
finest and fastest train in Canada.
The Grand Trunk Bailway System reflects the growth
of Canada in its own expansion.
The Grand Trunk Pacific Bailway, in addition to their
mammoth elevators at Montreal, Fort William and other
points on the Great Lakes, have already built 228 smaller
ones along the line in Manitoba. Saskatchewan, and
Albfrta. 51
GRAND TRUNK PACIFIC.
it is confidently expected that track laying on the
Grand Trunk Pacific will be completed from the Atlantic
to the Pacific in midsummer of 1914.
The completion of the Grand Trunk Pacific will shorten
the trip around the world by one week.
At end of 1913 there were only 140 miles in British
Columbia to complete on Grand Trunk Pacific Main Line.
1914 is to see the line in regular operation to Prince
Rupert. During 1913 658 miles of track were laid by thf>
Grand Trunk Pacific Eailway.
The Grand Trunk Pacific is establishing a chain of
)uagnificent hotels in Western Canada, similar in artictec
tural style and management to the "Chateau Laurier" in
Ottawa. The first of these, "The Fort Garry," is already
in operation at Winnipeg, while hotels at Edmonton and
Regina are to be opened in 1914. Progress is being made
on the hotel at Prince Rupert, which is to be the largest
of the series.
The Grand Trunk Pacific has a fleet of four steamers
in regular operation between Vancouver, Victoria, Seattle.
Prince Rupert and other ports on the Pacific Coast. These
steamers all use oil fuel.
The Grand Trunk Pacific is constructing a 20,000-ton
dry-dock (which will dock the largest ship on the Pacific
Ocean), railway terminal, and a commodious hotel, the
"Prince Rupret,' at Prince Rupert, B.C., at the combined
cost of $5,000,000; dry-dock alone, $2,000,000.
The Grand Trunk Pacific has the lowest gradients of
any transcontinental line, and has been built to a higher
standard of initial construction than any other railway on
the continent in its first tasges.
The receipts from the sale of lots in the G. T. P. Ry.'e
towsnite at Prince George, B.C., to the end of the year
1913, total $2,362,585, creating a record for townsite ealei
in Western Canada.
The World's Championship prize for wheat at the In
ternational Dry Farming Congress held at Tulsa, Okla., in
1913, was awarded to Mr. Paul Gerlach, a farmer of Allan,
Sask., on the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway.
The Grand Trunk Pacific Railway's elevator at Fort
William, Ont., is the largest single elevator in Canada, and
contains 5,750,000 bxi»hel».
62
CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY.
The Canadian Pacific Railway is one of the greatest
Corporations of its kind in the world.
Canadian Pacific Railway: "The results for fiscal
year ending June 30th, 1913, exceeds all records."
Mileage, .17,884.2, viz.: C.P.R. and lines worked,
11,985.7; building, 1,294.9; owned and controlled, 4,603.6.
Gross earnings, $139,395,699.98; expenses, $93,149,825.83;
net earnings, $46.245,874.15.
Equipment: 2,052 locomotives, 2,583 passenger cars,
79,685 freight and other cars, 6,688. Railway equipment
valued at $452,320,780.
Passengers carried, 13,298,048; freight, 29,471,814
tons.
Employees, 94,400; monthly pay roll, $5,030,000.
Capital stock, $200,000,000; preference, $74,331,339.79;
debenture stock, $163,257,224.32; mortgage bonds, $16,
807,520, etc.
C.P.R. : Dividend declared, 1913, 10 per cent.
Canada gave C.P.R. 62 millions in cash and construe
rion and 25 million acres of land.
The C.P.R. was built in five years, instead of ten,
as per contract. Cost over 300 millions.
C.P.R. lands sold during year, 474,798 acres. Still
owns 6,287,250 acres of land in Manitoba, Saskatchewan
and. Alberta, and 1,697,994 acres in British Columbia.
Average price of sales, 1912-13, $15.77 per acre.
Expenditures, 1911-12: Railway construction and
equipment, $36,193,521; irrigation, $7,919,614; steamships.
$1,668,550.58; telegraph, $358,141.97.
C.P.R. Fleet of 75 steamships: On the Atlantic, 16
ships; Great Lakes, 5; Ferry Service, 2; B. C. Lake and
River, 22; B. C. Coast Service, 25; Pacific, 5.
These ships carrying annually over half a million pas-
sengers; have a staff of 12,100 crew and shore staff; travel
collectively a distance equal to over 57 times round the
world; burn 3,3CO tons of coal daily; placed in line, would
reach over 31/:! miles.
C. P. R. has let largest tunnel job in America:
$8,000,000, for a 10-mile track tunnel under Rogers' Pass.
First C.P.R. train left Montreal, June 28th, 1886.
First C.P.R. steamer to reach Vancouver from Yoko
haraa, June 14th, 1887.
63
CANADIAN NORTHERN RAILWAY.
Canada's second Transcontinental — the C.N.R.— will
be completed from coast to coast in 1914.
The C.N.R. Steamships, R.M.S. "Royal Edward" and
" Royal George" are the fastest ships in the Canadian
British service.
The C.N.R. operated, to the close of the last fiscal
year, over 700 miles of lines in Canada, and has 1,000
miles nearing completion.
The C.N.R. has the largest grain elevator in the
world at Port Arthur, its capacity being 9,500,000 bushels.
The C.N.R. handled 40,870 cars of wheat in the fall
of 1913, an increase of 15,359 ears over the previous year.
There is free land along the C.N.R., open for entry
equal to anything yet taken up.
The C.N.R. gridirons the greatest wheat field ol the
world, as well as the best mixed farming districts.
Three hundred new townsites, with all kinds of oppor
(unities on the C.N.R.
The C.N.R. line to Athabasca Landing has made easily
accessible the great "Peace Eiver Country" — a land of
manifold opportunity.
The C.N.R. is the pioneer line in opening up the
richest territory in the Western Provinces.
The best hunting districts for moose, caribou, elk.
bear, deer, mountain sheep and mountain goat in Canada
are along the C.N.R. lines.
The most celebrated trout fishing is reached by the
C.N.R.
The C.N.R, is the best route to Muskoka, passing
through the heart of the district, with boat side stations
at Bala Park and Lake Joseph.
In the Parry Sound District on the C.N.E. is found
the best deer shooting in Canada.
The C.ST.R. Toronto-Ottawa line gives access to the
Rideau District, one of the most beautiful chains of lakes
in Canada.
More business opportunities on the C.N.R. than any
where else in Canada.
The greatest inducements to the dairy farmer, stock
raiser and market gardener are found on the C.N.R.
Amongst the richest men in the West to-day are those
who homesteaded on the C.N.R. Possibilities are greater
to-day than ever before. 54
RELIGIOUS FACTS.
RELIGIONS OF CANADA, 1911 CENSUS.
Seventy-nine specified religions for population of
7,173,513, as compared with 57 in 1901 for population of
5,327.224. Number without specified religion, 1911, 32,490;
43,222 in 1901.
Eoman Catholics, 2,833,041, ten-year increase of 27.06
per cent.; Presbyterians, 1,115,325 (increase, 32.39);
Methodists, 1,079,892 (increase, 17.78); Anglicans, 1,043,017
(increase, 53.05); Baptists, 382,666 (increase, 20.33);
Lutherans, 229,864 (increase, 148.43; Salvation Army,
18,834 (increase, 82.71); Congregationalists, 34,054 (in-
crease, 20.36; Greek Church, 88,507 (increase, 466.26);
Jews, 74,564 (Increase, 354.63).
Proportion of denominations to total population in
1911: Roman Catholic, 39.31 per, cent.; Presbyterian, 15.48;
Methodist, 14.98; Anglican, 14.47; Baptist, 5.31; Lutheran,
3.19; Greek Church, 1.23; Jews, 1.03.
Canada has 1,111,250 church members in 15,035
churches: Anglicans 2,500 churches; Baptist, 1,307;
Christian, 74; Congregational, 199; Friends, 22; Lutheran,
oCO; Methodist, 5,600; Presbyterian, 4,422; other organiza-
tions (estimated), 250.
Roman Catholic Church in Canada has 2,428 churches,
8 archdeacons, 27 bishops, 4,053 clergy (1,268 religious,
2,795 secular, 13 seminaries, with 1,662 students, 72 uni-
versities and colleges, 327 charitable institutions.
Anglican increase in ten years, 1901-1911, 53.05 per
cent.; Roman Catholics, 27.06; Methodists, 17.78; Presby-
terians, 32.39; Baptists, 20.33; Salvation Army, 82.71.
Totals of principal denominations: Anglicans, 1,043.-
017; Baptists, 382,666; Congregationalists, 34.054; Jews,
229,864; Methodists, 1,079,892; Presbyterians, 1,115,324;
Catholics, 2,833,041; Unitarians, 3,224; Salvation Army,
18,834; Doukhobors, 10,493; Evangelicals, 10,595.
In ten years Catholic population increased by 603,441;
Anglicans, 361,524; Lutherans, 137,340; Methodists, 163,006;
Presbyterians, 272,882; Baptists, 64,661; Greek Church,
72,877; and Jews, 58,163.
The Bible sold in 110 languages in Canada, out of the
432 into which it has been translated. First foreign
versions of Bible, issued by Bible Society in year founded
(1804), was for Canada, in, Mohawk.
55
If the Presbyterian, Methodist, and Congregational
Church were to carry out their proposed union, they would
have a combined membership of nearly two and a quarter
millions.
Canada gives $2,500,000 a year to missions, about 50
cents per head of Protestant population.
Toronto missionary givings: 1911-12, $479,193; 1912-13,
$562,101.
Salvation Army in Canada: 30,012; increase in five
years, 29 per cent.
Canada has 106 Young Men's Christian Association
branches, with 40,000 members, and owning 64 buildings,
worth $5,735,000. 250 secretaries.
Canada has 540 Women 's Christian Temperance Union
branches; membership, 9,750.
Canada has 85 Young Women's Christian Associations,
viz.: 27 city, 19 branch centres, 39 student; membership.
18,609.
PRESBYTERIAN FACTS.
Number of communicants in Presbyterian churches
and missions in Canada, 301,465; 8 Synods; 70 Presbyteries.
Ministers, 1,771; elders, 10,357; sums raised for aD
purposes, $5,417,163; an average of $18 per head. Of
this, $4,284,650 for congregational purposes and stipends;
for schemes of the church, $1,132,513. Budget for 1914
$1,400,0*00.
Seven theological colleges have 259 students.
1,152 Presbyterian missionaries (217 in foreign fields,
935 home field and French evangelization.
Presbyterian Church in Canada is responsible for
14,000,000 in non-Christian lands.
Congregations: Self-sustaining, 1,761; augmented,
537; home missions, 2,489; total, 4,787.
Value of church property, $22,333,834.
3,584 Presbyterian Sabbath Schools, with 246,703
scholars, and 27,615rteaches and officers.
820 Young People's Societies, 32,975 members.
1,017 W. F. W. Societies, 18,880 members, contribu
tion, $99,613; 900 W. H. M. Societies, 12,245 members,
contributions, $48,031.
Union of Presbyterian churches in 1875. Union of
Methodist churshes in 1883.
Church and Manse Building Fund has assisted ID
building 9UO churches. 56
METHODIST FACTS.
The Methodist Church in Canada has one general con
ference, 12 conferences, 147 districts, 2,080 circuits; 5,214
preaching appointments.
It has 2,805 ministers and probationers, 2,571 local
preachers, 1,017 exhorters, 3,684 class leaders and assist-
ants, 12,000 stewards, 2,156 Ladies' Aid Societies, 339,157
members.
There are 1,954 Young People 's Societies, with 79,699
members.
It has 3,660 Sunday Schools, with 38,981 officers and
teachers, 376,126 scholars, a total Sunday School force of
415,107. 46,690 scholars signed the total abstinence
pledge during the year. The Sunday Schools raised for
all purposes, $384,284.
Income of the Missionary Society, year ending June
30th, 1913, $665,608. 692 mission stations on home and
foreign fields, employing 658 paid agents, including mis-
sionaries, teachers, etc., with 44,570 members.
"Woman's Missionary Societj, 1913-14: Auxiliaries,
1,212; membership, 40,766; income, $130,723.23. Circles,
322; membership, 8,422; income, $17,574.21. Bands, 528;
membership, 16,558; income, $14,250.77. Total member-
ship, 63,766. Branches, 11; income, $162,548.21. Income
from Government grants, $5,973.62; from Sunday Schools,
$7,454.85. Total amount from all sources, $192,823.75.
Fourteen colleges and universities have 4,334 students.
Income for educational purposes, $58,226.
TELEPHONES AND TELEGRAPHS.
Canada's telephone statistics, year ending June 30th,
1912:
683 companies made returns; increase of 146 over
1911.
Capital liability, $46,276,851; increase of $6,232,869
over 1911.
Manitoba and Alberta have absorbed practically all
telephone companies. Saskatchewan is in process of
doing the same.
Gross earnings, $12,273,626; net, $3,178,937. Operat-
ing expenses, 74.0 per cent, of gross earnings.
889,572 miles of wire; increase of 201,843 over 1911.
370,884 telephones in use, or one for every 8 of population.
12,783 employees; salaries and wages, $2,659,611.
57
Bell Telephone Co., Dec. 31, 1912: 192,748 phones, 456
exchanges, 529,436 miles of wire, 7,403 employees, 248,055
stations, 392,748 subscribers (only 10,200 in 1885); ex-
changes, with 474 local organizations, serving 54,942 sub-
scribers; assets, $31,687,607; gross earnings, $7,638,304;
net earnings, $1,880,185.
Toronto has 54,000 telephones.
C. P. K. owns over 13,600 miles of pole lines and
102,700 miles of wire.
Great North- Western Telegraph Co. owns 10,000 milei
of pole lines and 32,000 miles of wire.
'Canada has 40 wireless telegraph stations. Messages
handled, 1912-13, 272,087; in 1909-10, only 84,077.
TEMPERANCE FACTS.
Canada's consumption of liquor and tobacco is steadily
increasing.
Liquor: 1912-13, 8.247 gallons per head; 1911-12, 7
gallons, viz.: Spirits — 1912-13, per head, 1.112 gallons;
1911-12, 1.030. Beer— 1912-13, 7.005 fials.; 1911-12, 6.598
gals. Wine— 1912-13, .131 gals.; 1911-12, 1,114 gals.
Tobacco (including cigarettes)— 1912-13, 3.818 Ibs.; 1911
12, 3.679 Ibs.
Quantities of liquors, etc., entered for consumption,
1912-13: Spirits, 8,630,466 gallons; wines, 1,017,141 gallons;
beer, 54,348,092 gallons; or total of 63,995,699; or average
of 9 gallons per head.
Canada's excise duty on liquors and tobacco has in-
creased nearly 25 per cent, in two years. Revenue, 1912-
13, $21,859,034 (viz., $11,332,678 from liquors, and $9,793,-
895 from tobacco); increase of $4,606,358 over 1910-11.
Quebec paid $11,673,455 excise duty; Ontario. $6,133,-
552; Manitoba, $1,360,152; British Columbia, $995,950;
Alberta, $680,085; Saskatchewan, $311,510; Nova Scotia,
$108,466; New Brunswick, $215,820; Prince Edward Island.
$12,338; Yukon, $4,358.
Canada's production of spirits, 1912-13, 6,458,452 proof
gallons, or 1,674,052 more than in 1911-12. In addition,
there were 20,532,928 gallons still in warehouses awaiting
excise duty.
Canada's liquor bill, $81,392,969, or $11.30 per capita;
Great Britain, $786,000,000, or $17 per capita.
Canada's revenue from liquor trade (Dominion, Pro-
vincial and Municipal) estimated at $17,000,000.
58
Canada's malt liquor production: ale, beer and porter.
52,314,400 gallons. Of this, Ontario breweries produced
.22,900,301 gallons; Quebec, 11,119,088; New Brunswick.
505,205; Nova Scotia, 933,917; Manitoba, 4,108,884; Sas-
katchewan, 849,193; British Columbia, 4,391,344.
Quebec: Of 1,168 parishes, 859 under no license; 309
license. Ontario: Liquor licenses issued in 1875, 6,185; in
1913, 1,799, viz., 1,469 taverns, 219 shop, 29 wholesale, 57
clubs; 25 six months.
Of Ontario's 835 municipalities, 514 are under local
option or no license; 321 under license system.
Canada's export of whiskey, 1912-13, 333,802 gallons;
-'98,769 gallons in 1911-12. Exportable surplus is still less
than in 1908, when it reached 412,859 gallons.
Canada's cigarettes and cigars: Manufacture increased
during year by 195,000,000, while number of domestic
t-igars manufactured increased by 48,834,581; total number
of cigars manufactured, 297,741,815. Eaw material for
this number of cigars totalled 5,775,308 pounds of leaf
tobacco. Total weight of raw leaf tobacco used by manu
facturers in Canada during year, 23,849,987 pounds.
Canada's snuff output, 659,992 Ibs.; increase of
125,000 Ibs.
Canada's crime conviction record: 1902, drunkenness,
13,324; all offences, 43,536. 1911, drunkenness, 41,379;
all offences, 118,260. Increase of population, 34 per cent.;
of convictions for drunkenness, 225 per cent.; for all
offences, 168 per cent.
Prince Edward Island has no licenses. In Nova Scotia
there is no lawful liquor selling outside of Halifax. There
the only 137 licenses left in New Brunswick. Quebec has
prohibition in 859 parishes. Half of Manitoba is dry.
Saskatchewan has started a banish-the-bar campaign. —
Pioneer.
TIMBER AND FORESTRY FACTS.
Forest products, 1911, $161,093,031; 1912, $161,802,049.
Canada's timber cut value, 1912 (based on reports
from 2,558 firms operating saw-mills), $76,540,879, viz.:
Lumber, $69,475,784 (decrease of 10.7 over 1911); square
timber, $1,825,154; shingles, $3,175,319; lath, $2,064,622.
"Canada is losing three times as much timber every
year by forest fires as she is cutting for commercial pur-
poses."— B. M. Winegar.
59
Estimate of Canada's pulpweod timber (by Pulp and
Paper Magazine):
Acres. Cords.
Xova Scotia 5,000.000 24.000.000
Xew Brunswick 20.000,000 100.000.000
Quebec 60.000,000 600.000 000
Ontario 40,000.000 400.000.000
British Columbia 40.000,000 450,000 000
Dominion lands 100,000,000 450.000.000
265,000,000 2,024,000,000
Canada's timber cut, 1912, in quantities: Lumber,
4,389,723,000 board feet; 1,578,343,000 shingles; lath,
899,016,000.
Of lumber cut, of $69,475,784, spruce lead with
$20,374,853; white pine, $19,119,694; Douglas fir, $10,970,
943; hemlock, $4,483,419; cedar, $2,804,848.
Canada's lumber cut, 1912, included 28 kinds.
Average price of lumber, as a whole, increased by 41
cents per 1,000 feet,
Of timber cut, of 4,389,723,000 board feet, 4,079,736.000
were soft woods, or 92.9 per cent, of total, and 309,987,000
hard woods, or 7.1 per cent.
Canada exported, 1912, $1,825,154 worth of square
timber, mostly to United Kingdom.
United States production of pulpwood decreased from
Branch, 3,000,000 trees annually among western farmers,
compared with 385,000, in 1913, by United States Forestry
Department.
Canada has 83 pulp ani paper mills, viz., 3 paper, 70
pulp, 45 groundwood, 17 sulphite, 5 soda pulp, 3 sulphate.
Canada's total pulpwood cut, 1912, showed increase
of 21% per cent, over 1911; increase in manufacture of
pulpwood, nearly 29 per cent.; increase in exports of raw
pulpwood, less than 17 per cent.
Canada consumed, 1912, 1,846,910 cords of pulpwood,
cut in Canada, 866,042 of which were manufactured into
pulp in Canadian mills, and 980,866 cords exported in raw
state.
Canada's timber exports, 1912-13, $39,287,460.
Canada spent $541,000 in 1913 on its fore-^ branch,
employing 360 forest rangers.
SO
GENERAL TRADE FACTS.
1913 was Canada's banner trade year: —
1911-12. 1912-13.
Exports $315,317,000 $393,232.000
Imports. 559,320,000 692,032.000
$874,637,000 $1,085,264,000
Increase of $210,626,655, or 12i/L> per cent. Trade
more than doubled in ten years; trebled in fifteen years.
Imports, 62 per eent.; exports, 35 per cent.); coin and
bullion, 3 per cent.
This was the largest volume of trade for any one
year in the history of Canada.
Canada ranks third in ratio of trade per head and
transacts business with over seventy countries.
Canada bought, 1912-13, $96, and sold $54 per head.
In 1911-12, $71 and $42 respectively.
Canada's trade with France, $18,096,747; increase of
$4,087,336 over 1911-12, viz., imports, $15,528,228; exports,
$2,564,603; coin and bullion, $3,916.
Canada's trade with Germany, $17,876,227; increase
of $2,914,567 over 1911-12, viz., imports, $14,473,833; ex-
ports, $3,402,394.
Canada's trade with foreign countries, $701,913,732
(increase of $69,727,284 in year), viz., imports, $523,229;
"967; exports, $178,683,765.
Canada's trade with Argentine, $6,432,030; Belgium.
$8,905,429; Holland, $5,961,503; Japan, $4,278,132.
Canada's trade production shows steady increase —
$76,000,000 increase in exports in year.
Percentage expense of collection of customs revenue
was 2.74 last year, as compared with 2.78.
The total amount of duty collected was $115 063.687.
of which $68,929,805 was on imports from the United
States, and $27,128,908 on imports from Great Britain.
The increase in duty on American imports was $19,752, 221.
or about 40 per cent.
Canada has a bank <to every 2,847 people.
Canada's total trade, calendar year 1913, exclusive of
coin and bullion, was $1,119,578,117, an increase over 1912
of $121,022,956. Of this increase $23,469.290 was in im
ports, and $94,237,185 in exports of Canadian produce
61
CANADA'S EXPANSION IN TEN YEARS.
Year
ended Total Total
Dee. 31. imports. exports.
1902 $209,169,481 $219,082,938
1912 645,547,152 378.093,990
Year
ended Bank
Dee. 31. clearings. Customs.
1902 $2,538,583,771 $34,559.435
1912 9,143,196,764 109.190,772
In this short period, Canada's imports trebled; ex
ports increased by 73 per cent.; bank clearings increased
.'550 per cent., and customs revenue trebled.
Average percentage of duty collected on all goods en
tered for consumption, both dutiable and free, 17.03, as
compared with 16 per cent, in 1911-12, and 15.87 for
1910-11.
Canada's trade, 9 months, April-Dec.. 1913, increased
JO per cent, over same period in 1912.
CANADA'S TRADE WITH UNITED KINGDOM.
Total, $317,635,589 (imports, $139,646,356; 'exports,
$177,982,002.
Canada's United Kingdom trade, 29 per cent, of total.
Duty collected, $27,158,162, or 25 per cent, of total.
Canada's trade with United Kingdom nearly doubled
in eight years.
Canada's exports to United Kingdom, calendar year
1912: £145,476 worth of animals, living, as against
£2,975,619 worth in 1906; £6,031,738 worth of provisions
(mostly cheese and bacon), as against £9,307,263 worth ID
1906. (Australian sales to U. K., 1912, £16,768,276; Argen
tine, $15,745,191.) Wood, and manufactures of, £3,623.522.
as against $5,122,888 in 1906.
Canada 's trade with British Empire, $361,759,036 (viz..
imports, $163,374,446; exports, $198,384,590); increase of
$53,918,220 in year.
Canada's trade with Empire: Australasia, $9,259,-
734; British Africa, $3,746,797; British East Indies,
$7,384,750; British Giana, $4,014,914; British West Indie?
and Bermuda, $10,492,831; Newfoundland, $6,784,819.
United States foreign trade is to Canada's as 4^ is
to 1, while population is as 11 is to 1. •
62
CANADA'S TRADE WITH UNITED STATES.
Total, $622,432,937 (imports, $449,950,043; exports,
$150,961,675; coin and bullion, $21,521,129).
Canada's trade with United States, 58 per cent of
total.
Duty collected, $68,929,805, or 60 per cent, of total.
Canada's trade per head, about $15; that of United
States, $7.25.
For every $3 -worth of goods United States sold
Canada the United States bought less than $1 worth.
United States export trade is growing more rapidly
with Canada than any other leading country. Ten-year
increase with Canada, 2.35 per cent.; with Germany, 89
per cent.; with United Kingdom. 14 per cent.; with France.
54 per cent.
United States increase of imports from Canada, in
ten years, 130 per cent.; from United Kingdom, 73 per
cent.; from Germany, 67 per cent.; from France, 5.2 per
cent.
Canada bought on every working day of 1912-18
nearly $1,500,000 worth of goods from United States, and
sold $500,000 worth.
Canada's chief purchases from United States in 1912:
Automobiles, $8,858,694; structural iron and steel,
$6,823,072; agricultural implements, $6,596,410; books, etc..
$4,801,676; steel rails, $3,799,685; railway cars, $3,616,443.
Canada also bought in 1912 from United States, coal.
$41,000,000; metals, $22,562,501; cotton, $8,322,245.
Manufactures form 2-3rds of U. S. exports to Canada.
Exports from U. S. to Canada doubled in 3 years.
Canada now largest purchaser of U. S. products except
United Kingdom.
WATER POWER AND ELECTRICITY.
Canada possesses a larger amount of potential water
poer than any country, twice that of United States.
Canada's estimated 16,600,000 horse power is equal
to annual production of 367,000.000 tons of coal.
Canada has developed 1,016,521 horse power- from
water power (per Commission of Conservation estimate).
Two proposed power schemes, on St. Lawrence River,
between Cornwall and Montreal, would develop 1,800,000
horse power.
68
Ontario Hydro-Electric Commission line: Total length
of 110,COO-volt line, 281 miles; total number of steel towers,.
3,040; total weight of steel towers, 6,200 tons; total length
of cable used, 1,000 miles.
Hydro Electric Commission cost, about $6,000,000.
Serves 60 municipalities in Ontario, up to December, ]913.
Niagara Falls' low- water flow would yield 2,250,000
horse-power. Franchises have been granted for develop
ment of 450,000 of Canada's share of 1,125,000 horse-power.
Montreal Tramways, year ending June 30, 1913: Gross
earnings, $6,754,227; net, $2,721,562; cost of line and
equipment, $33,889,816.
Toronto Street Eailway passenger earnings, 1913.
•$6,024,405, over 12 per cent, increase in year.
Ottawa Electric R.R. Co., 1912: Passengers' carried.
21,815,798; gross earnings, $934397; net, $400,059.
British Columbia Electric R.R. Co.: Miles in operation
(June 30th, 1913), 334.02; total passenger cars, 357; total
fare passengers carried, 71,973,822; transfer passengers
carried, 10,380,264; gross railway earnings, $4,179,881.57;
total operating expenses, $3,239,441.74; net earnings from
operation, $940,439.83.
WESTERN CANADA FACTS.
Prairie Canada is five times larger than the British
Isles, and three times larger than Germany.
Canada's Western wheat area is wider than that of
Russia, and richer than those of Egypt, India or Argentina.
Prairie Provinces wheat area, 1913, 9,013,800 acres.
Out of all Canada, total of 9,816,300 acres: Oats, 5,305,800
acres; barley, 857,700 acres; flax, 1,278,900; potatoes.
60,400; turnips, etc., 26,800; sugar beets, 2,206.
In the three Northwest provinces wheat production,
1913, 209,262,000 bushels; 1912, 204,280,000 bushels; of
oats, 942,413,000 bushels, compared with 242,321,000 bush-
els; of barley, 31,060,000 bushels, compared with 31,600,000
bushels.
Wheat production, 1913, Manitoba: 53,331,000 bushels
from 2,804,000 acres; Saskatchewan: 121,559,000 bushels
from 5,720,000 acres; Alberta: 34,372,000 bushels from
1,512,000 acres.
Prairie Provinces lumber cut, 1912, 244,268,000 board
feet, value $3,826,835.
64
Prairie Provinces crop value, 1913, estimated at
$209,000,000; $192,000,000 in 1912.
Western Canada farmers sold 143,000,000 bushels of
grain up to Dee. 1st, 1913, receiving $90,000,000.
Quantity of creamery butter produced in Alberta,
Saskatchewan and Manitoba has been quadrupled within
a few years. In 1912, 6.000,000 pounds, or approximately
one-fourth of the creamery butter marketed west of the
Great Lakes, including what was imported at Vancouver
from the Antipodes.
Canada's surveys, 1912-13, by Topographical Surveys
Branch, in the West, 19,178 miles; 162 townships were
fully, and 475 partly, sub-divided; 24 re-surveyed, 202
partially re-surveyed.
Saskatchewan land values, 1913, improved, from
$22.98 to $29.84; unimproved from $16.75 to $22.40.
Hudson Bay Co. land sales .average: 1907-08, $12.61;
1912-13. $21.06.
Canada has eight national parks, viz.: Rocky Moun
tains Park, at Banff; Yoko Park, at Field; Glacier Park.
Selkirk*; Jasper Park, Waterton Lakes Park, Elk Island
Park, Buffalo Park and St. Lawrence Islands Park. Total
area of over 4,000 square miles.
Income of Indians; Value of farm products, $1.647,916;
value of beef sold, $306,866; wages earned, $1,530,029; re
ceived from land rentals, $121,549; earned by fishing,
$616,562; earned by hunting and trapping, $845,415; earned
by other industries, $719,302. Total income of Indians.
$5,787,643. Average income per head, $54.00.
Mackenzie River drains area of over 450,000 square
miles. Area of St. Lawrence basin above Montreal, about
310,000 square miles; area of Saskatchewan, 159,000 square
miles.
Since January, 1897, Canada has given away 400,000
free homesteads, of 160 acres each, or 100,000 square miles
— enough land to make a belt four miles wide around tho
globe — the biggest gift of land in history.
Canada's buffalo herd at Wainwright, Alta., has in •
creased from 700 to 1,352 head.
Canada's North is estimated, by E. Thompson Seton.
to have 30,000,000 head of caribou.
Prairie Provinces import over 75 per cent, of manu
t'actured goods they use.
65
Prairie Provinces had, on farms, June 30th, 1913:
1,099,500 horses, 459,900 milch cows, 1,489,500 other cattle,
:!93,800 sheep; 580,900 swine.
Canadian North-West Commercial Travellers' Associa-
tion has a membership of 7,015; increase of 1,296 in year.
Canada's -western provinces cover 31,864,074 acres of
land grants to railways.
Canada had, season 1912-13, 2,319 elevators and 37
warehouses, <with capacity of 127,224,550 bushels, com-
pared, in 1904-05, with 977 elevators and 46 warehouses,
with capacity of 46,403,630 bushels. 2,272 of the 2,319
elevators are in the West.
18,242 persons naturalized in 1912, representing 45
countries. Previously recorded, 170,961; total, 189,203.
British Columbia chief cities, estimated populations:
Victoria, 67,000; Vancouver, 160,000; New Westminster.
18,000; Nelson, 7,000; Nanaimo, 8,300; Eossland, 5,500;
Kamloops, 3,000; Grand Forks, 3,000; Kevelstoke, 3,500;
Fernie, 3,500; Cranbrook, 3,500; Ladysmith, 3,500; Prince
Rupert, 3,000; Vernon, 4,000.
The Peace River country has 45,000,000 acres of arable
land, and 35 per cent, of it is ready for the plow. It has
5,000 settlers. Excellent No. 1 hard wheat is grown. It
is the last of the best free land left to the Anglo-Saxon
race in the world. From the MacKenzie watershed, there
are 3,500 miles of navigable waterway, on which boats are
plying to-day and have been for twenty years.
Lethbridge: Population, between 14,000 and 15,000;
in 1906, 2,313. Assessment, $16,818,692.
MISCELLANEOUS FACTS.
Canada's food prices increased 51 per cent, in last
decade; Great Britain, 7 per cent.
Cost of living in Canada has increased nearly 60 per
cent, since 1897, and 7 per cent, in last two years. Whole
sale prices advanced 9 per cent, in 1912.
Canada has 25 lepers in Tracadie, N.S.
Canada has set apart 35,964 square miles as Dominion
Forest Reserves.
Canadian Government granted charters to 835 com
panics in 1912-13. Capital of new and existing companies,
$680,762,199.
CANADA'S ROCKY MOUNTAINS.
Canada has the largest and best Mountain National
Parks in the world thousands of square miles in extent.
aptly termed "Sixty Switzerlands in One," exceeding in
natural grandeur all other parks in the world.
Canada's Rocky Mountain Park has an area of 1,800
square miles; Yoho Park, an area of 560 square miles,
and Glacier Park, area of 468 square miles.
The Canadian Government and the Canadian Pacific
Railway are annually expending large sums of money
opening up new roads, building trails, and making the
attractions of the park easy of access.
Law and order are enforced in the park by the famous
Royal North-West Mounted Police.
Banff, the gateway to the Canadian National Park,
is one of the most attractive spots in America.
Banff has hot sulphur springs, caves, waterfalls,
aviary, museums, animal paddock with eighty buffalo,
magnificent drives, boating, fishing, golf links, and many
other attractions.
Lake Lonise, one of the most beautiful lakes in the
world, is thirty-four miles west of Banff.
Good trails from Chateau, Lake Louise, lead to Lakes
in the Clouds, Valley of Ten Peaks, Victoria Hanging
Glacier, Paradise Valley and Saddleback Lookout.
Emerald Lake Chalet is 'only seven miles from Field
by a splendid carriage road.
Field — fifty miles west of Banff— is where the world
famous Canadian Pacific spiral tunnels have been con
structed. It is also the centre of remarkable Alpine
scenery.
Yoho Valley is reached from Field by the Emerald
Lake Road, which is near the wonderful natural bridge
of the Bow River. From one place near Field seventy
glaciers can be counted.
Glacier, a station on the Canadian Pacific Railway,
with an excellent hotel, is a short walk from the Great
Glacier, with its nearly forty miles of ice.
Near Glacier also the Canadian Pacific has commenced
work on what will be one of the largest tunnels in America
— 5% miles long through Selkirk Mountains.
Nakimu Caves are near Glacier. These immense
caverns, formed by water erosion, are claimed by scientists
to be 38,400 y«ar» old. 67
The Kocky Mountain trails reveal the wonderful
scenery on every hand. Outfitters supply horses and guides
for tourists.
Tli<j model Swiss Village of "Edelweiss," is near
Glacier. This is the home of the Swiss guides, who were
brought from Switzerland by the Canadian Pacific to aid
mountain climbers in the Rockies.
The Alpine Club of Canada has 700 members. Summer
camps are held annually in the Rockies or Selkirks.
1913 was a notable year in history of Port of Van
eonver, marked by a substantial increase in shipping, by
the introduction on the Pacific of larger and more modern
liners, by the arrival of vessels of new steamship lines,
and by important dock and harbor improvements.
Canadian Pacific
EXCKI.LFNT TRAIN SBRVICK To THK
PICTURESQUE MUSKOKAS,
KAWARTHA LAKES '
AND 30,000 ISLANDS
OF GEORGIAN BAY
Ontario's Summer
Playgrounds
Get full information from
a.y C.P.R agent
C.E. E. Usshtr, P.T.M.
Monfreal
INVESTMENT SERVICES
FINANCING OF INDUSTRIES OR UNDER-
takings -which -will stand through investigation,
having adequate assets and annual net profits
of over $ioo,oco.
A STATISTICAL DEPARTMENT WITH
facilities for the collection of the latest infot-
mationjrom official sources.
INVESTIGATIONS WHERE NECESSARY,
of offerings and undertakings as supplementing
or confiming information supplied from official
sources.
SPECIAL FACILITIES FOR THE PURCHASE
or sale of securities, listed or unlisted, on com-
mission or otherwise.
PRIVATE WIRES TO MONTREAL, NEW
York, Boston and Philadelphia, -which enable
us to ensure prompt execution of business.
WE ARE PLEASED TO CONSULT WITH
anyone regarding securities held, or -which they
may desire to sell or exchange.
MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT AND CORPOR-
ation Bonds always available, suitable for private
investors, for reserve funds of manufacturers,
corporations, educationalinstitutions, estates and
trustees.
CIRCULARS ISSUED WITH INFORMATION
regarding current prices of bonds and stocks,
together -with analyses, from time to time, of
prominent investment securities which it is j
pleasure to mail regularly to anyone on request.
Etc.
A. E. AMES & CO.
Established 1889
MEMBERS INVESTMENT UNION
TORONTO STOCK DAiyuCOC BANK BUILDING
EXCHANGE BAIMKEKS> TORONTO
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EVERY PUBLICATION
is a Leader in its Field
The MacLean Publications hold the
pulse of every Canadian activity, pro-
viding the public with timely and re-
liable news and information.
Every paper and magazine is an authority in its
particular circle and has a steadily growing
Canadian circulation resulting from the publica-
tion of only live, interesting subjects by the
best authorities and writers.
These are the MacLean Publications :
Weekly — Canadian Grocer, Hardware and Metal,
Financial Post, Canadian Machinery and
Manufacturing News.
Semi-Monthly — Dry Goods Review, Men's Wear
Review, Sanitary Engineer and Plumber and
Steamfitter.
Monthly — Bookseller and Stationer, The Power
House, Printer and Publisher, MacLean's
Magazine, Farmers' Magazine, Marine
Engineering, Canadian Foundryman.
Sample copies sent on request with subscription
prices and advertising rates.
THE MACLEAN PUBLISHING Co.
LIMITED
Office of Publication
L
143 University Ave., Toronto, Canada
I
SSigsf
A Try On
ot our garment!
will result in your
satisfaction with the
fit and that is the
main point to con-
sider in clothing, we
guaranteethefit,(h«
style, the finish, the
perfect tailoring
throughout, and the
body fabrics will be
more than pleasing
in texture, designs
and shades.
Berkinshaw & Collier
316 Yonge St.
ESTABLISHED 1856 TELEPHONE M. 131 and 132
P. BURNS SL CO.
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL
COAL AND WOOD MERCHANTS
Head Office: 49 King Street East, Toronto
YARDS
Front St. near Bathurst, Tel. Adel. 1968, 1996.
Princess ht. Docks, Tel. M. 190
449 Logan Ave., Tel. Gerrard 151.
BRANCH OFFICES
804 Queen St. East, Tel. M 134
1312 Queen St. Wett, Tel. Park 711
274 College St., Tel. Coll. 1304
572 Queen St. West, Tel. Adel. 1109.
Huron and Dupont Sts., Tel. Hill. 1825
Morrow Ave., Tel. Junct. 3876
Envelopes
are our
Specialty
We make all kinds for all pur-
poses.
Business envelopes in all grades,
colors and sizes. Sample seed
Bags, Envelopes, Catalogue
Envelopes, Fine Correspondence
Envelopes, in fact, any require-
ment in Envelopes can be well
taken care of.
Special sizes made to order
promptly.
WRITE FOR PRICES
BARBER -ELLIS
LIMITED
VANCOUVER WINNIPEG BRANTFORD
TORONTO
CANADA LEADS.
In its prolific and extensive sea fisheries, along 10,000
miles of coast.
In its nickel wealth, .producing 75 per cent, of the
world's supply.
In its herd of pure-bred buffalo, over 1,000.
In producing the best milling 'wheat (per prize won
by Seager Wheeler, of Eosthern, Sask.).
In oats. J. C. Hill & Son, farmers, near Lloydminster,
Sask., have won, two years in succession, $1,500 trophy
at Colorado, S.D., Interstate Fair, for best peck of oats;
also $1,000 prize at Columbus, Ohio, Corn Show.
In pulp and paper production, through 83 mills.
In distribution of trees to farmers: 3,000,000 a year,
through Forestry Branch.
In its wireless telegraphy chain of stations from
Labrador to Port Arthur.
The Empire in sky-scrapers. The highest is the Eoyal
Bank Building in Toronto.
Canada possesses a more extensive and valuable lob-
ster fishery than any other country in the world.
Canada has thirty-one illustrative farms, established
by Commission of Conservation.
SINGLE TAX FACTS IN CANADA.
British Columbia: Provincial Government 'taxes pri-
vately owned and unused land at double the rate of used
land as follows: Agricultural land used % per cent., un-
used 1 per cent.; Coal land worked 1 per cent., iinworke-d
2 per cent; lumber land worked 2 per cent., unworked,
4 per cent. All municipalities must exempt improvements
to extent of 50 per cent., and may exempt them entirely.
Vancouver, Victoria and other important centres levy no
tax on improvements.
Alberta: Levies no tax on improvements, land only
being taxed in new districts by statute. The old munici-
palities may tax improvements, but they are now nearly
all untaxed.
Saskatchewan: Levies no tax on improvements on
farm lands, and in cities improvements must not be
assessed more than 60 per cent.
Manitoba: Buildings and improvements on farm land
are exempt from taxes.
BIG THINGS IN CANADA.
Canada has 20,000 commercial travellers.
Canada will have the longest bridge span in the world
at Quebec,
Canada has one of the largest single canal locks in the
world, at Sault Ste. Marie.
Canada has the largest nickel mines in the world.
Canada has the richest silver-nickel-cobalt deposits in
the world, at CoObalt.
Canada, has the largest zinc smelter in the world, at
Frank, Alberta.
The thickest known coal seam in the world — 47 feet —
has been found at Stellarton, Nova Scotia.
Canada has one of the highest tides in the world —
59% feet, in Noel Bay, Bay of Fundy.
The C, P. E. 120-mile yard in Winnipeg is the largest
in the Empire.
Canada has the largest herd of (pure-bred buffalo left
in the woild, of over 1,000.
Canada's Western wheat field, 900 by 300 miles in
extentfi is one of the largest in the world.
Canada has the most prolific and extensive sea fish-
eries in the world.
The largest grain mills in the British Empire are at
Keewatin.
Canada has the largest elevators in the world at Port
Arthur and Fort William.
Canada has the world's largest lift lock at Peterboro.
Canadian Manufacturers' Association has 3,007 mem-
bers, including 1,696 in Ontario, 773 in Quebec.
Canada's building permits, 50 cities, 1913, $167,518,-
614; 1912, $201,161,550. Decrease, 16.2 per cent.
Canada's voting strength, 1911, 1,987,129.
Canada's estimated fur-pelt production, $10,000.000;
America, $24,000,000; the world, $90,000,000.
Alberta will spend, 1913, $2,000,000 on telephone ex-
tensions.
British Columbia mineral production, 1913 (estimated),
nearly $30,000,000.
During 1913, Carnegie Corporation of New York nmde
library donations in Canada of $177,000 for eleven original
buildings and one extension.
Canada has 10Q Canadian clubs, with 25,000 members.
The Name Behind the Goods is Your Guarantee
for the Quality.
Steamer Wardrobe Trunks
Tliis little trunk is complete and compact to the point of
being ingenious, and for people contemplating Wint
trips it is just the companion that all would find mo
useful in travelling.
It is fitted for ladies or gentlemen. Capacity is ju t
about double that of an ordinary steamer trunk, and i
construction keeps the clothing in so much better shap
It certainly is the trunk to travel with. Come in and
have a demonstration. Prices are
$45 and $60
When you are In ask to be shown the " Rite-hite " wardrobe
trunk.
Write for booklet and folder of Wardrobe Trunks, and our
complete catalogue of Leather Uoods.
JULIAN
Leather Goods
1O5 Kind St. West,
ALE
Co., Ltd-
Toronto
"C1 A /^T^C MaY surprise you — but
they cannot be disputed
Another Canadian Fact is that
P. R, Wilson Printing Co.
J6 Adelaide St. West
TORONTO
A re producing a number of
Fine Booklets and Magazines
See Them
Orders J Promptly j* Attended J* To
In Better Shape!
ENLARGED PREMISES
IMPROVED PLANT
COMPETENT WORKERS
CAREFUL OVERSIGHT
OUR MOTTO:
"LIFE IN PRINTING"
The Armac Press Ltd
f Main 27 16
56-58 Agnes St.
Toronto.
EVERYBODY LIKES GOOD PRINTING
The Arcade Printing Co.
Limited
DOES IT TO PERECTION
AT REASONABLE PRICES
They never disappoint. You get it done just
when you want it. If you have never tried them
DO IT NOW
130 King St. West - • TORONTO
Telephone: A. Macoo-ub
Main 2377 Manager
ZTbe Bryant flbress
Limited
New Address :
144 to 145 George St.
Toronto : Canada
A LITTLE OF EVERYTHING.
Canada is 47 years old, dating from 1867.
Canada is Ion years old, dating from British conquest
of 1759.
Canada is 379 years old, dating from Cartier's first
visit of 1535.
Quebec is 306 years old, Montreal 272, Halifax 166,
Toronto 121, Victoria, 69, Vancouver 33, Winnipeg 44.
Hudson's Bay Company is 247 years old (1667). It is
Canada's oldest joint stock company.
Of the 33 Fathers of Confederation, only one survives,
Sir Charles Tupper.
Canada was the first colony to ask for and receive
self-governing powers, and to form a Confederation.
The British North America Act is Canada's Magna
Charta.
Canada has nearly 800 legislators, federal and pro-
vincial.
Forty-two extradition treaties of Great Britain apply
to Canada.
Canada has had 116 Governors-General, 1534-1908.
Eleven general elections since Confederation. Seven
Premiers of Canada, nine Cabinets and twelve Parliaments.
Canada has 6 peers, 6 baronets, 2 G.'C.M.G. 's, 2
K.C.B.'s, 21 K.C.M.G.'s, 35 K.B.'s.
40,000 United Empire Loyalists entered Canada since
1784.
Canada has 20,000 travellers.
Foreign countries are represented by 300 consults in
Canada.
First government founded by the British in Canada,
in Nova Scotia, 1719.
The beaver first used as Canada's emblem on coat-of-
arms granted by Charles I. to Sir William Alexander.
Canada spent on N.T. By. to March 31st, 1913,
$130,200,685.
Canada has 241 fox ranches, 200 being in Prince
Edward Island, with 2,500i foxes in captivity. Sales of 85
P.E.I, fox skins, 1905-12, $88,159.
The Canadian Automobile Federation comprises clubs
in fourteen cities. Ontario Motor League has 3,600 mem-
bers in twenty local clubs.
Canada has 90,000 Masons.
Fred M. Smith
Merchant Tailor
1O9 Kind St. West
TORONTO
Telephone Adelaide 2248.
Bank and Off/ce Railings
Teller's Cages
Ornamenial Iron Fences
Elevator Enclosures
Fire Escapes
Builders' Iron Work, Etc
Window Guards
Iron Fencing
Wire Partitions
Jail and Asylum Cells
Wire Cloth for Railways,
Foundries, Mills. Etc.
Iron Stairs-
METAL LOCKERS
For Factories, Gymnasiums Public Baths,
Hotels, Clubs.
STEEL SHELVING,
MOTH-PROOF WARDROBES, ETC,
479 West Wellington Street, Toronto, Ont-
LOAN DEPARTMENT
Money Loaned at Lowest Current Rates of Interest on Real Estate
Bonds and Stocks.
Mortgages and Debentures purchased.
THE LONDON AND CANADIAN
LOAN AGENCY COMPANY, Limited
Head Offices No. 51 Yonge St , Toronto, Canada.
Vice-Pres. - C. S. Gzowski
Fully paid - 1,250,000
Reserve - £65,000
Assets --- 5,054,789
OFFICES IN CANADA
Head Office, - Toronto
Branch Offices, Winnipeg, Man.
" Reglna. Sask.
' Saskatoon, Sask.
•• Yorkton.Sask.
Head Office in Great Britain
28 Cattle Street, Edinburgh
DIRECTORS
A. H. Campbell
D. B. Hanna
C. C. Dalton
Goldwin Larratt Smith.
Colin M. Black, W.S.
V. B. WadSWOrth, Manager
Wm. Wedd, Jr., Secretary.
DEPOSITS are received for fixed periods at current rates. Interest
payable half-yearly. DEBENTURES of the Company, with half-yearly
interest coupons attached, are issued to investors in sums ot $100 and
upwards, periods of from 1 to 5 years.
These Investments Afford Absolute Security and
Assured Income.
Fact Number 5001
Among the numerous Companies organized
in Canada for the insurance of lives, one and
only one has been built up and conducted on
the ideal principle of mutuality.
Business in Force, 31/12/13 - $87,392,026
Assets 22,252,724
THE MUTUAL LIFE ASSURANCE
COMPANY OF CANADA
WATERLOO ONTARIO
CANADA'S ONLY MUTUAL
ONE BIG FACT
About Toronto, Canada
1903 Population 200,000
1913 ' 475,000
1920 " ...Expected 1.000,000
13800 INCREASE IN' THE LAST TEN YEARS
Toronto is the Fastest Growing City ou the American
Continent.
FIVE FACTORS
In Our Business
REAL ESTATE INVESTMENTS. RENTS COLLECTED.
PROPERTIES MANAGED. SYNDICATE INVESTMENTS.
Owners and Developers of Successful Subdivisions.
W. N. McEAGHREN & SONS LIMITED
ESTABLISHED 1899.
70 King Sf. East W Prudenf/a/ Bldgs.
TORONTO, CAW. LONDON, ENG. BIRMINGHAM, ENG.
The Imperial Guarantee 6
Accident Insurance Co.
OF CANADA
Head Office -46 King St. West, Toronto
AUTHORIZED CAPITAL - $1,000,000
SUBSCRIBED CAPITAL • 1,000,000
PAID UP CAPITAL • 200,000
GIVE IMPERIAL PROTECTION IN THKIR
Fidelity Accident i
Government Sickness
Bank Bonds Automobile Policies
Commercial Plate Glass
House' Burglary )
BRANCH OFFICES :
Canada Life Bldg., Vancouver Trust Co., Union Bank Bldg.
Montreal, Que. Vancouver, B.C. Winnipeg, Man.
Canada Life Bldg., Calgary, Aha.
E. WILLANS, General Mgr. FRANK W. Cox, Secretary
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