1 1S.Sk.
5000
CHNHDH
50
* 30
535
Further Facts About Canada
Particularly about the wonderful opportunities for
settlers on cheap, fertile Canadian farm lands, may
be had from any of the following Canadian Govern-
ments Agents:
In the United States
Boston, Mass., Max. A. Bowlby, 73 Tremont St.
Chicago, 111., C. J. Broughton, Boom 412, 112 W.
Adams St.
Columbus, Ohio, W. S. Netherey, 82 E. Rich St.
Des Moines, Iowa, A. E. Pilkie, 202 W 5th St.
Detroit, Mich., J. M. MacLachlan, 10 Jefferson
Ave. E.
Fargo, X.D., W. E. Black, Equity Bldg., 117 Eobert
St.
Great Falls, Mont.. Knute Haddeland, 104 Central
Ave., Park Hotel.
Harrisburg, Pa., F. A. Harrison, 308 North 2nd St.
Indianapolis, Ind., M. J. Johnstone, 215 Traction
Terminal Bldg.
T\an?as City, Mo., Frank H. Hewitt, 2012 Main St.
Manchester, N.H., C. A. Laurier, 43 Manchester St.
Milwaukee, Wis., Geo. A. Hall, 123 Second St.
Omaha, Neb., W. V. Bennett, 300 Peter's Trust Bldg.
Peoria, 111., Manitoba Govt. Agency, 422 Libertv St.
San Francisco, Cal., Gilbert Roche,' 3 and 5 First St.
Spokane, Wash., J. L. Porte, cor. 1st and Post Sts.
St. Paul, Minn., R. A. Garrett, 311 Jackson St.
Syracuse, N.Y.. O. G. Rutledge, 301 E. Genesee St.
Watertown, S.D., Geo. A. Cook, Drawer 197.
In Great Britain
J. Obed. Smith, Superintendent of Emigration for
Canada in London, 1 Regent St., S.W. 1, London,
England.
— or—
Department of Immigration
and Colonization, Ottawa, Canada
3
4
o
o
and the
INVESTMENT GUARANTEED
Invest your surplus funds in the
GUARANTEED INVESTMENT
RECEIPTS
of this Corporation, beating interest
at 5|% per annum payable by cheque
half yearly. "Trustee Securites" as
authorized by law held in trust by in
a separate account for each investor,
and our written guarantee as to
payment of interest and payment of
the amount invested makes these
Receipts a safe and sound investment
for your funds.
Sums of $500 and upwards received
for investment for three or five years.
For further particulars regarding these
Receipts send for our booklet :
The Sale Investment of Funds.
The
Toronto General Trusts
Corporation
Head Office : 83 Bay Street, Toronto
BRANCHES
Ottawa, - Winnipeg, - Saskatoon, - Vancouver.
NORTHERN ONTARIO
This section of the Province of Ontario
stretches from the Province of Quebec on the
east to Manitoba on the west, and extends
north from Southern Ontario 700 miles to
Hudson Bay, covering an area of 330S000
square miles. This territory is largely covered
with valuable forests; is rich in minerals;
especially gold, silver, nickel, copper, and
iron; is abundantly watered with lakes and
rivers, and has great spaces of fertile soil,
especially that known as THE GREAT CLAY
BELT, which contains some 20 million acres
of good agricultural land The trees are
principally spruce, tamarac, cedar, pine,
popular and birch, with undergrowth of
hemlock, maple, ash and alder.
What settlers say of the soil, climate,
farming and forest life of Northern Ontario
is told in a most attractive illustrated booklet
issued under the direction, of the Honourable
Manning Doherty, Minister, of Agriculture
for Ontario. Facts in regard to Colonization,
roads and railways are exceedingly interesting,
as is the information in regard to lumbering
and mining, the markets, hunting and fishing,
education and various other subjects. Full
instruction in regard to acquiring a title to
these rich agricultural lands are given,
including information relating to the Free
Grants to Returned Soldiers and Sailors.
For free copies write
H. A. MACDOINELL,
Director of Colonization,
Parliament Buildings,
Toronto, Ontario.
THE PROVINCE
of QUEBEC
Population 2,350,000
Canada's Largest Province
18 per cent of all Canada with Area of
over 700.000 square miles.
A land of untold Natural Resources, with water-
power estimated at over 6,000,000 H.P., of which
nearly 1,000,000 H.P. are already developed.
A land of great Waterways, mighty Rivers and
Lakes, extensive Forests, rich in Pish and Game.
An ideal country for Farming, Dairying and
Stock Raising, with a field production of over
$300,000,000 per year, while Dairy Products bring in
over $36,000,000, and Live Stock $200,000,000 in
normal years.
A Province that leads all other Provinces in the
Asbestos and Pulpwood industries.
' A Province offering exceptionally favourable
terms to settlers.
A Province which had in" 1921 a Mining record
of $28,392,939.
A Province with an annual Industrial production
of $988,000,000 (1919).
A Province where relations between Capital and
Labour are better than anywhere else, and in which
Capital can secure the safest and most profitable
investments.
A Province with the highest birth rate in Canada.
Send for Booklets and Information to
THE
BUREAU OF STATISTICS
Quebec.
All Publications sent free, except the YEAR BOOK, SI. SO.
NOVA SCOTIA
The Portal to Opportunity
Canada's Eastern Gateway
NOVA. SCOTIA is playing a leading part
in extending Canada's Commei ce. Her position
on the Atlantic seaboard, near the great Inter-
national trade routes, is a strategic one. Each
year sees new lines leading^ from her shores to
far away lands.
NOVA SCOTIA'S natural resources are so
rich and varied as to surely destine the
Province becoming one of the great work shops
of Canada. All her basic industries have
pro-pered steadily , and despite a share of the
enormous post-war problems, the business
outlook is steady and promising.
NOVA SCOTIA has a wonderful variety of
farms, rich in Pastures and Orchards, and
renowned for their Dairy Produce and Fruit.
NOVA SCOTIA is a land of beautiful lakes,
rivers, and forests. The appeal of the primeval
foreststill exists for the Tourist and Sportsman.
Look Over Nova Scotia's Facts
For Particulars Write To
JOHN HOWARD, ESQ., Agent General,
57 Pall Mall, London, England.
W. B. MacCOY, K.C., Secretary,
Department of Industries and Immigration.
Halifax, N.S.
New Brunswick
The Largest of the Three Maritime Prov-
inces, surrounded on three sides by 600 miles
of ocean coasct line. As large as Scotland,
without its islands.
New Brunswick has rich mineral resources,
extensive forests, potential water power
development, productive agricultural areas,
valuable fishing grounds, and famous game
preserves.
New Brunswick has over 12,00 square miles
of crown lands, or one-third of its total
area.
New Brunswick is growing industrially, with
1,425 establishments, with production
value, 1917, of $62,000,000.
New Brunswick's annual lumber production
totals nearly $15,000,000 from 255 mills.
New Brunswick is a successful agricultural
province, with splendid field crops yield
for 1921.
New Brunswick offers many attractions to
the tourist, settler, hunter and fisherman.
For booklet Tourist Information, apply to
Tourist Association, St. John or Fredericton.
For booklets re Hunting and Fishing, apply
to Department of Lands and Mines, Fderic-
ton. For information regarding Resources
and Opportunities in New Brunswick, apply
to King's Printer, Fredericton.
SASKATCHEWAN
Located in the centre of the Western
Canada prairies and embracing the lion's share
of their choicest land, Saskatchewan is not only
the great wheat province of Canada but is
rapidly coming to the front as a live stock centre,
with vast potential possibilities in industrial
development as well, when the natural re-
sources of this province in minerals and
forests begin to be utilized.
Saskatchewan now produces more than
half the wheat crop of Canada and has won the
world's prize for the best wheat grown, eight
times in the past nine years. The world's
championship for the best Clydesdale stallion
and many other championships and prizes were
won by the Saskatchewan live stock exhibit at
Chicago International Exhibition in 1920 and
1921.
Saskatchewan has more automobiles per
capita than any country in the world except the
United States and has the same number per
capita as that country. Saskatchewan has
more telephones per capita than any other
country in the world except Sweden. The
province has billions of tons of coal ; enough
sodium sulphate already in sight to supply the
world's market for a hundred years; forests and
minerals : but its greatest source of wealth is
its remarkably fertile soil, nearly one hurf&red
million acres of arable land, less than one-third
as yet under cultivation.
For full information about opportunities in this
new province write
THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE,
REGINA, SASK
The
Sign of the Line
of Service.
You will find the Maximum of Travel
Comfort on the Splendid
Trains of the
Grand Trunk Railway System
Reaching all Important Centres
between Atlantic Seaboard
and Chicago.
Also
Beautiful Vacation Regions
Algonquin Park, Muskoka Lakes
Lake of Bays Georgian Bay
Kawartha Lakes Timatfami
Descriptive Booklets on Request
Whether it be a business or vacation trip, the
Grand Trunk Agents will help you to prepare.
Q. T. BELL, Passenger Traffic Manager,
Montreal, Quebec.
r
Canadian National Railways
THE LAND OF OPPORTUNITY
No other Country offers the in-
ducements that Canada does to-day.
KNOWLEDGE IS THE KEY TO SUCCESS
Do you want to know about
opportunities in Canada ?
About : Manufacturing and Business
Farming opportunities
The wealth of hidden mineral treasure
Forest resources
Cheap power
How to secure Information.
The Industrial and Resources Department of the Canadian
National Railways has available to the public, the widest
range of information on Canada.
Correspondence is invited from manufacturers, mining men, trade
representatives, chemical engineers and others desiring information
on Canadian conditions, resources, and industrial opportunities.
C. PRICE GREEN.
CommUsioner.
itrial and Resources Dept.
TORONTO
The!
aliona]
Canadian National Railuiaijs
ENTAL LIMITED
Montreal and Toronto to
Vancouver & Pacific Coast Points
The NATIONAL Toronto-Winnipeg:
Compartment— Observation— Library Cars,
Standard and Tourist Sleeping and Dining Cars,
Colonist Cars and Coaches.
. HOTELS
Winnipeg: The Fort Garry
Edmonton : The Macdonald
Port Arthur : The Prince Arthur
Brandon : The Prince Edward
CANADIAN NATIONAL EXPRESS
CANADIAN NATIONAL TELEGRAPHS
Canadian Government Merchant
Marine, Limited*
REGULAR FREIGHT SERVICES
From Montreal, in Summer; Halifax, N. S.
and St. John N. B., in Winter, to St. Johns,
Nfld., Liverpool, London, Glavgow, Cardiff and
Swansea ; Brazil and River Plate; Barbados,
Trinidad and Demerara; Bahamas, Jamaica and
British Honduras; India, Australia and New
Zealand.
From Vancouver, B. C., to Australia and New
Zealand ; China and Japan ; Straits Settlements,
Java and India.
Some of the Year's
Opportunities!
De la Roche— Explorers of the Dawn— $2.50.
Louise Morey Bowman — Moonlight and
Common May — $1.50.
Blake-Hemon — Maria Chapdelaine — cloth
$1.50, de luxe leather $3.00.
E. K. Broadus — A Century of Canadian Prose
and Verse — $2.50.
Agnes Laut — Canada at the Cross Roads —
$2.00.
Viscount Bryce — Canada an Actual Democ-
racy—$1.00.
Domino (?)— The Masques of Ottawa— $2.00.
V. Stefansson— The Friendly Arctic— $6.50.
Charles G. D. Roberts— THE POPULAR
ANIMAL SERIES. A new and cheaper
edition retaining the original illustrations.
Price per volume $1.10.
TITLES OF THE STORIES
Each, illustrated, $1.10.
The Feet of the Furtive.
Neighbors Unknown. Children of the Wild.
The Backwoodsmen.
Jim : The Story of a Backwoods Police Dog.
The Secret Trails. Kings in Exile.
Hoof and Claw.
THE BETTER BOOKLIST IN CANADA
The Macmillan Company of Canada,
Limited.
Toronto.
THE NEW
CANADIAN BOOKS
Barriers ........................... By Lady Byng
Anne of the Marshland .............. By Lady Byng
To Him That Hath ............... By Ealph Connor
Rilla of Ingleside ........... By L. M. Montgomery
Jess of the Rebel Trail .......... . . .By H. A. Cody
Ked Meekins ..................... By \V. A. Fraser
The Quest of Alistair ............... By E. A. Hood
The Hickory Stick ........ By Xina Moore Jamieson
Little Miss Melody ............... By Marian Keith
The Window Gazer ........... By Isabel K. Mac Kay
Miriam of Queen's ........ By Lilian Y. MacKinnon
The Lone Trail .................... By Luke Allan
The Spoilers of the Valley ....... By Robert Watson
Are All Men Alike? ............ By Arthur Stringer
Brother Eskimo .................. By Alan Sullivan
Success ..................... By Lord Beaverbrook
The Victorious Banner ...... By Rev. A. R. Gordon
Later Poems ..................... By Bliss Carman
Beauty and Life ........ By Duncan Campbell Scott
My Pocket Beryl ........ By Mary Josephine Benson
A Garden by the Sea ............. By L. A. Lefevre
MCCLELLAND & STEWART, Limited
215-219 Victoria Street Toronto, Canada
Publishers of the Livest Book List in Canada.
The "Right1 Book for your Boy or Girl
Ten to Eighteen.
Young Canada Series
The Four Standard Canadian Juveniles.
Each Volume illustrated. Cloth $125, postage 12c.
ABOUND THE CAMPFIRE.. By Charles G. D. Roberts.
This is a fascinating book of wonder-tales. It is laiil T;I
the region Lake Temiscouto and the Squatooks, but its scope
covers almost all fields >of romance in the world, for .
evening as the six canoeists (all old scouts and hunters)
about whom the book is written, settle down for the night.
e<aeh member of the party is called upon to recount some
thrilling experience as they sit about the campflre, and the
bining the chronicle of an outdoor
expedition side by side with the most exciting stories of
result is a book combining the chro
mad stallions, grey wolves, Indian devils, pearl divers> wild
pigs, hounds of the sea — in fact, 350 pages of hair-breadth
adventures by land and water.
THE GIRLS OF MISS CLEVELAND'S. By Beatrice
Embree.
A picture of one of the happiest times in the life of the
average girl. The book is a glimpse into 'a typically Cana-
dian boarding-school, the very subject to interest your girl
aged twelve and over. It is written in easy conversational
style, telling of the good times, friendships, problems and
memorable experiences of the student at boarding-school
for the first time. %In the fine wholesome ideas it will bring
home to its young readers, it is an invaluable book.
THE WILDERNESS CAMPERS. By James C. Hodgins.
What sort of delightful adventures would two boys and
a girl from Kingston, Jamaica, have in a summer trip
through that boundless region of lakes and rivers, bears,
porcupines and maskolonge, north and east of Georgian Bay ?
That is the theme of this refreshing out-of-door story. It
will teach your boy or girl real Indian woodlore, as well as
please his imagination with the finding of buried treasure.
THE BOY TRAMPS, OR ACROSS CANADA. By MacDonald
. Oxley.
Boy readers will follow the progress of these two lads
across the Dominion, with unflagging interest. Bruce Bar-
clay and Arthur, Bowe are sons of Shanghai merchants, who.
after matriculating at school in Scotland, are summoned
home. They decide to enjoy the long trip back, and so
return by way of Canada. On their ocean voyage they
become friends with a wealthy Montrealer, who use's his
influence to secure "stop-over" privileges for them on the
transcontinental railroad trip, and thus they are enabled to
drop off the train at various points and meet almost every
day with some interesting or thrilling experience.
THE MUSSON BOOK CO., LIMITED
PUBLISHERS - TORONTO.
MISCELLANEOUS FAOTS.
CENSUS STAFF, 1921: 13,000 enumerators, 247 com-
missioners, 400 compiling clerks at Ottawa.
UNITED GEAIN GROWERS, LIMITED— Profits, 192 1 ,
$233,743 (1920, $467,675). Shareholders' capital and sur-
plus, $5,196,553; paid-up capital, $2,765,685.
GENERAL ELECTIONS, 1921— Total vote, 3,121,844
out of 4,726,722 on electoral lists, or 65 per cent. (Total
vote, 1917 elections, 1,885,329 out of 2,093,799 on lists.)
Liberals polled, 1921, 1,296,723; Progressives, 769,387;
Conservatives, 971,502; Independents, 84,232. 192 -candi-
dates lost their deposits.
GROWTH OF LIFE INSURANCE— In 1869 there were ,
$35,000,000 life insurance in Canada, or $11 per head; in
1879, $86,000,000, or $21 a head; in 1909, $780,000,000, or
$116; in 1914, $1,200,000,000, and in 1921, $3,000,000,000,
or $335 a head. "The people of Canada laid away in 1921
life insurance equal to the bonded indebtedness of the
country, and more is possible in the next ten years than in
the past." — John A. Tory.
TRADE, CALENDAR YEAR, 1921— Total, $1,602,094,-
418, viz.: Imports for consumption, $799,394,598; exports
(Canadian), $802,699,820. Canada had, 192J, three times
as much of total foreign trade, twice as large an export
trade and four times as large an import trade per capita
as the United States,
/TUNIQUE FACT
About Insurance
"5C'00 Facts About Canada" would not be complete unless
it recorded this unique fact about insurance:—
The Mutual Life of Canada is the only Canadian life insur-
ance company operating on the principle of absolute
mutuality.
The Mutual Life is conducted for the benefit of its policy-
holders, there being no stockholders.
This plan has proven a great success. The Mutual Life has
policies in full force amounting to two hundred and twenty-
eight million dollars, and is one of the strongest financial
institutions in Canada.
The Mutual Life
Assurance Company of Canada
Waterloo, Ontario
&vw^r*/«i*^^9'^«s«i
CANADA PERMANENT
Mortgage Corporation
Toronto Street - Toronto
Established 1855.
President W. G. GOODEEHAM
Vice-President ..R. S. HUDSON
Joint General Managers:
E. S. HUDSON JOHN MASSEY
Assistant General Manager, GEORGE H. SMITH
Paid-up Capital $7,000,000.00
Reserve Fund (earned) 7,000,000^00
Investments Exceed 39,000,000.00
THE CORPORATION IS A
LEGAL DEPOSITORY FOR TRUST FUNDS
Every Facility is afforded Depositors. Deposits of
one. dollar and upwards are welcomed.
INTEREST AT
THREE AND ONE-HALF PER CENT.
per annum is credited and compounded twice a year.
DEBENTURES
For sums of one hundred dollars and upwards we
issue Debentures bearing a special rate of interest
for which coupons payable half-yearly are attached.
They may be made payable in one or more years as
desired.
ACCUMULATIVE DEBENTURES
We also issue Accumulative Debentures for $100.
or any multiple thereof, the interest being com-
pounded half-yearly. They are a particularly attrac-
tive investment for those not in need of an immedi-
ate return on their funds.
The Corporation's Debentures are a
LEGAL INVESTMENT FOR TRUST FUNDS
Full information will be cheerfully furnished to
anyone whose address we receive.
5000 FACTS ABOUT CANADA
Key to Contents: — Following general tables on pages 2-5,
chapter subjects come in ^alphabetical order. The leading Canadian
cities also come alphabetically under general head of '"Cities," and
the nine provinces under "Provinces." Many city and provincial
facts are also found in the general chapters. Latest new Census
Facts follow page 72.
CANADA'S PROGRESS (From London Times )
In recent years no part of the British Empire has made
greater strides in industrial development than Canada.
The war induced a more rapid growth in industrial produc-
tion than could have been reasonably expected in normal
tiTiies. To-day Canada reaps the reward of its whole-
hearted effort to assist the cause of the Allies; trans-
formation from the activities of war to those of peace
has been successfully accomplished, and speaking gener-
ally, industry in the Dominion is in a flourishing condition.
Canadian education is also awake to new ideas, and young
Canada need no longer cross the fronteir to secure the
advantages offered by a modern university.
CANADA'S PROGRESS SINCE CONFEDERATION.
1867. Age 55 Years. 1921.
3,000,000 Population 8,746,872
14,666 Immigration 148,477
L',288 Miles of Eailways 39,196
123 Branches of Banks 4,923
100,000 Farms under Cultivation 700,000
10,000,000. . . . Acreage under Cultivation 59,643,794
3,800,000... Cattle, Horses, Sheep, Swine... 20,115,193
$78,000,000. . . Invested in Manufactures . . .$3,230,686,368
$19,336,000' Public Eevenue 451,336,000
$52,701,000 Exports 1,189,163,701
$67,090,000 w.... Imports 1,240,158,882
$14,129,955 Customs Duties $179,658,474
ANNUAL NATURAL PRODUCTION.
Field Crops, 1921 $931,863,670
Dairying, 1920 ' 260,336,633
Fisheries, 1920 49,241,335
Forests, 1919 222,618,790
Mines, 1920 217,775,080
Furs, 1919-1920 20,000,000
Farm animals, 1920 140,083,000
Fruits and Vegetables, 1920 40,000,000
Poultry and Eggs, 1920 50,000,000
1
CANADA'S ADVANTAGES.
All kinds of field crops.
All kinds of mineral riches.
All kinds of natural resources.
Religious and political liberty.
Untold wealth in water powers.
A vast series of inland waterways.
An inspiring historical background.
British connection and Imperial unity.
A nine-link chain of united provinces.
Industrial and commercial opportunities.
All kinds of raw material for manufacturing.
A noble national ancestry: English and French.
Free speech, free schools, a free press, free worship.
All kinds of climate between lat. 49 and the Arctic.
Bounded by three oceans, holding vast fishery wealth.
NEW THINGS SINCE CONFEDERATION
Telephones, wireless telephony and telegraphy, airships,
automobiles, traction engines, gasoline engines, electricity,
baseball leagues, fireless cookers, departmental stores,
motor boats, sulky plows, transcontinental railways, oil-
propelled locomotives and vessels, electric street cars,
natural gas, parcel post, rural mail delivery, technical and
consolidated schools, civic playgrounds, consumptive hos-
pitals, organized children's aid work, Y.M.C.A., trans-
mission power lines, typewriters, color photography,
moving pictures, X-rays, breakfast foods, etc.
CANADA'S INVESTED BILLIONS.
Agriculture and live stock, 1920 $7,612,151,000
Manufactures (1919) 3,230,686,368
Railways (steam) 2,088,222,267
Railways (electric) 170,826,404
U. S. Investments in Canada 1,27^,850,000
Banks 323,617,120
Telegraph Companies 85,000,000
Telephone Companies 100,587,833
Electrical Development 416,572,000
Pulp and Paper Industry 347,553,333
Mines plants 100,000,000
Lumbering 231,000,000
Canals (capital) 107,000,000
Flour milling 76,000,000
Fisheries 50,405,478
Trust Companies 47,000,000
Pulp and Paper Mills 347,553,333
2
CANADA'S FIVE-YEAR PROGRESS.
Items.
1916-17.
Immigration
75,374
Population
8,361,000
Agriculture :
Wheat, acres
14,755,850
Oats, acres
13,313,400
Barley, acres
2,392,200
liny and Clover. . .
8,225,034
Ttl. field crops area
42,602,288
Wheat, bush
233,742,850
Oats, bush
403,009,800
Barley, bush
55,057,750
Corn, bush
7,762,700
Potatoes, bush. . . .
79,892,200
Ha}' & Clover, tons
13,684,700
Wheat $
453,038,600
Oats $
277,065,300
Barley $
59,654,400
Corn $
14,307,200
Potatoes $
80,804,400
Hay & Clover $
141,376,700
Ttl. fid crops val.$l
,144,636,450
Fisheries, value .... $
39,208,378
Forest prods., value . $
173,000,000
Minerals, value .... $
192,982,837
Manufactures:
Establishments
Capital . . ' $1 ,95S,705,230
Products $1,381,547,225
Employ, on wages. 601,305
Salaries & wages. $ 283,311,505
Trade:
Total $2,025,661,978
Exports $1,179,211,100
Imports $ 846,450,878
Customs Duties ..$ 147,631,455
Railways:
Mileage 38,604
Capital $1,985,119,991
Net Earnings $ 310,771,479
Elec. lines, mil'ge.
Elec., capital .... $
Elec. earnings . . .$
Marine :
No. of vessel^. . . .
Tonnage
1,744
161,2&,739
.•;n.L>:;7,664
1920-21.
148,447
8,746,872
23,261,224
16,949,029
2,795,663
10,614,951
59,643,704
329,835,300
510,093,000
64,252,800
14,220,000
110,895,000
12,234,200
$ 242,936,000
$ 146,395,300
$ 28,254,150
$ 12,317,000
$ 82,147,600
$ 267,764,200
$ 931,863,670
$ 49,241,339
$ 222,618,790
$ 217,775,080
38,344
$3,230,686,368
$3,520,724,039
593,184
$ 689,434,419
$2,450,587,001
$1,240,158,882
$1,210,428,119
$ 179,667,683
39,196
$2,088,222,267
$ 491,938,857
1,669
$ 170,826,401
$ 47,047,246
8,573
1,498,431
CANADA'S FiVE-YEAR PROGRESS— Cont'd.
Telegraphs:
Wire Mileage
Telephones :
Number
Wire Mileage
Financial :
Revenue
1916-17.
1,600,564
604,136
206,575
.$ 232,701,294
Exp. (Cons. Fd.)-$ 148,599.343
Surplus $ 84,101,950
Net Debt $ 879,186,298
Banks :
No. Char, branches 3,306
Total Deposits ...$1,480,849,000
Clearings 12,552,822,000
Capital $ 111,637,755
Sav. Bk. Deposits. $ 42,583,479
Sav. Govt. banks.. $ 13,633,610
1920-21.
2,105,240
856,266
238,866
$ 451,366,029
$ 357,515,278
$ 93,790,751
(Dec. 31) $2,366,861,252
4,923
(Oct.,21) $1,816,974,475
(1921) $17,443,431,704
$ 129,468,700
$ 29,010,619
$ 10,150,353
CANADA'S SAVINGS.
Deposits in chartered banks (Oct., 1921) $1,816,974,475
In Postoffice savings banks (March 31, 1921) . 29,010,619
In Govt. savings banks (Mar. 31, 1921) 10,150,353
In Loan and Mortgage Co 's (est.) 28,000,000
$1,883,135,447
CUSTOMS RE
Port.
Halifax, N.S
St. John, N.B
Montreal, P.Q
Quebec, P.Q
Hamilton, Ont.
VENUE OF CHIEF 1
Fiscal Year
1920.
$3,504,205
5,308,914
47,921,847
3,053,788
6 114 469
CITIES.
Fiscal Year
1921.
$3,221,248
4,358,175
47,102,590
4,772,693
6,506,815
London, Ont
Ottawa, Ont
1,896,481
2,632 206
1,905,464
2,307,204
Toronto, Ont
Windsor, Ont.
42,949,764
10 663 617
38.626,922
8,774,953
Winnipeg, Man
Regina, Sask
Calgary, Alta
Edmonton, Alta
11,565,329
1,274,543
1,847,582
1 292 956
10,792,181
2,186,999
2,039,224
1,487.865
Vancouver, B.C
Victoria. B.C. .
9,202,940
1,181,901
9,558,083
1,202,808
CANADA'S BIG TOTALS, 1921.
Field Crops value $ 931,863,670
Field Crops production (bush.) 1,269,737,041
Live Stock value 1,041,246,000
Live Stock (No.) 20,000,000
Wheat Crop, value 242,936,000
Exports— Vegetable Products 482,924,672
Exports— Animal Products 188,359,937
Dairy production 260,336,633
Automobiles (Number) 467,496
Motor Vehicles, values 500,000,000
Telephones (Number) 778,758
Vessels (Number) 8,573
Field Crop area, 1921 (acres) 59,643,704
Government revenue $ 451,366,029
Government estimates 604,983,050
Bank deposits (Oct., 1921) 1,798,071,304
Bank capital 129,468,700
Bank assets 2,806,827,591
Bank Branches (Number) 4,923
Savings of the people $1,883,135,447
Manufacture production $3,520,724,039
Mineral production 217,775,080
Fishery production 49,241,339
Forest production 222,618,700
Railway earnings 491,938,857
Mileage 39,196
Total Trade $2,450,587,000
Trade with United Kingdom 526,818,433
Trade with United States 1,398,499,787
Customs receipts 179,667,683
Immigration 148,447
Life Insurance effected, 1920 630,110,900
Fire Insurance at Risk 5,971,330,272
Water Power Resources (h.p.) 18,255,316
Water Power Development (h.p.) 2,470,580
Milling Plants production 262,000,000
Flour production (15 million bbls.) 105,000,000
Capacity of 3,855 elevators (bush.) 231,213,620
Tax Exemptions (nearly) $1,000,000,000
Coal Production (tons) 16,623,598
Fur Trade value 20,000,000
Fur Farms (value of animals) 4,722,905
Total Investments from Un. Kingdom(est.) $3,000,000,000
Total Investments from United States (est.) 500,000,000
Hydro-Eloctric dev. investment 475,000,000
Postal Revenue 24,449,910
Bond Issues 400,184,818
5
Canada,
bushels'). 1921.
' 300,858,100
426 232 900
United States.
1921.
740,655,000
1 078 519 000
59,709,100
t 8,230,100
163,399,000
14,894 000
14,904,000
107,246,000
3,151,698,000
356 076 000
ts (tons) 268,000
) .. 11,366,100
7,480,000
94,619,000
AGRICULTURE.
FIELD CEOPS YIELDS, 1921, CANADA AND U.S.
Grain
Wheat
Oats . .
Barley
Buckwheat
Corn . . .
Potatoes
Sugar Be
Hay (tons)
PROGRESS SINCE 1867 — While Canada's population
has trebled since Confederation, her field crops value has
multiplied twelve times, and the annual wheat crop nearly
twenty times.
CROP ACREAGE, 1921.— Total, 58,626,171, including:
Wheat, 23,261,224; oats, 16,949,029; barley, 2,795,66.1; ry«,
1,842,498; hay and clover, 10,614,951.
FIELD CROPS VALUE.— 1921 (preliminary estimate'),
$1,017,675,400; 1920, $1,455,244,050; 1919, $1,537,170,100.
1921 total includes: Wheat, $283,234,000; oats., $188,051,-
000; barley, $30,282,000; rye, $22,084,900; peas, $6,206,500;
mixed grains, $11,263,000; corn, husking, $10,266,000;
potatoes, $84,616,000; turnips, etc., $27,379,000; hay and
clover, $269,457,000; fodder corn, $40,199,000; alfalfa,
$12,866,000. 1921 shrinkage owing to low prices. 1921
production in bushels, 1,499,834,800; 1920, 1,250,468,850.
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION.— 1920, $1,946,648,-
000, made up of field crops, $1,455,244,000; farm animals,
$140,083,000; wool $5,321,000; dairy products, $256,000,-
000; fruits and vegetables, $40,000,000, and poultry and
eggs, $50,000,000. Eggs exported, 1919-20, 6,000,528 doz.,
mostly to United Kingdom; imported, 5,977,480 dozen.
AGRICULTURAL WEALTH— Estimated at $7,379,-
299,000, in 1919, made up as follows: Agricultural pro-
duction, $1,975,841,000 ; value of farm land, $2 792,299,000 ;
buildings, $927,548,000; implements, $387,079,000; farm
live stock, $1,296,602,000.
FARMS AND FARM VALUES— Canada had (1911 cen-
sus), 711,681 farms. Average capital per farm, $9,356. in
1917, or $6,830,145,000. Average production value, $3,000.
Canadian farms rose in value from $35 in 1915 to $48 in
1920. This accretion of $13 per acre in capital value in 5
years represents a substantial gain in assets. Farms report-
ing in 1921,
AGRlCULTURE-Oontinued.
FIELD CROP AVEAEGES.— Wheat, 1921, 13.00 bush.
per acre; 1920, 14.50. Oats, 1921, 25; 1920, 33.50. Barley,
1921, 21.25; 1920, 24.75. Eye, 1921, 11.75; 1920, 17.50.
AGRICULTUEAL IMPLEMENT INDUSTRY had, in
1918, 84 plants, 'employing 10,000. Capital invested, $74,-
410,603; production value, $34,853,673.
AREAS FIT FOR SUCCESSFUL AGRICULTURE.—
:S04,200,000 acres, viz.: P. E. I., 1,200,000; N. S., 5,000,000;
N. B., 10,000,000; Que., 40,000,000; Out., 55,000,000; Man.,
25,000,000; Sask., 72,000,000; Alta., 81,000,000; B. C., 1-V
000,000. Total, 304,200,000 acres.
CANADA'S FARM LANDS.— Of the 300 million acres
fit for farming in Canada, one-third is in farm holdings;
only 60,000,000 under crop; 240 million acres await the
tractor and the man. Of the 178 million acres fit to farm
in the 454,789,678 acres forming the land area of the
Prairie Provinces, only 35,847,000 acres, or less than S
per cent., were under cultivation in 1921.
PRIZE-WINNING— Western Canada holds all the
world's records in wheat and oats for both quantity and
quality. As high as 79 bushels of wheat and 120 of oats
per acre have been grown. Canada has won most of first
honors in these at international exhibitions. Canada won
first apple prizes, London, Eng., in 1921, and also for
Colonial Cheddar cheese in British Exhibition, 1921.
APPLES— Production, 1920, 3,404,340 barrels, worth
$29,849,149, Nova Scotia leading with 1.160.000 barrels.
Over 1,250,000 barrels of apples were exported in 1921 from
Canada. 1921 production, V^.L'OO I''1'*-
FLOUR MILLING INDUSTRY.— Canada has 1,200 flour
mills, with aggregate capacity of 300,000,000 bbls. a year.
Home market of 8,000,000 bushels; capital invested, '$76,-
000,000 (seventh in Canada) ; production, 1920, $262,000,-
000; 1921 production, grain, year ending Aug. 31; 15,000,000
bbls., worth about $105,000,000 (half exported, half home
consumption).
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS.— 20, viz., 1 each in P.E.I.,
X.B., and Ontario; 2 in N.S.; 4 in Que.; 2 in Man.; :t in
Sask.; 2 in Alta.; 4 in B.C., in addition to 5 sub-stations
and 2 tobacco stations.
LOSS BY INSECTS— Canada 's estimated annual loss,
by Dominion Entomologist, to field, orchard and garden
crops by destructive insects is estimated at $200,000,000.
To this is to be added losses by forest insects, stored pro-
duce insects, etc.
7
AGRICULTURE— WHEAT FAOTS.
WHEAT CROP VALUE.— 1921, final estimate,
$242,936,000; with average price of 81 cents per bush.;
1920, $280,115,400, with average price of $1.62 per bush.;
1919, $457,722,000, with average price of $2.37 per bush.
WHEAT EXPORTS— Crop year, 1920-21, 136,173,785
bushels (double that of 1919-20) ; also 6,866,560 barrels
of wheat flour, representing total of wheat and flour of
167,163,305 bushels.
WHEAT OUR MOST IMPORTANT CEREAL CROP—
It covers 36 per cent, of land in crops and 25 per cent, of
value of all crops. Saskatchewan alone has more than half
wheat acreage of Canada's, and Manitoba and Alberta
three-fourths of balance.
WORLD WHEAT PRODUCTION— (Per U. S. Bureau
of Markets): 20 countries, 1921, 2,787,000,000 bushels;
1920, 2,614,000,000 bush.; 5-year average, 1909-13, 2,791,-
000,000 bush. Of 1921 yield, U.S. led with 754,000,000
bush; France second, 322,000,000 bush; Canada third,
329,000,000; India, fourth, 250,000,000 bush.
WHEAT FACTS. — Canada has risen to second place
among the wheat-growing countries of the world, and ' ' Cana-
dian wheat leads the world. ' ' Nine-tenths of Canada 's wheat
is grown in the North-west, Saskatchewan leading; not
one-tenth of Canada's wheat lands are under -cultivation.
Canada presents a higher average of wheat yield than the
U. S., taken as a whole. Canada, 1921, 13.00 bush, per acre;
U.S., 1919, 12.8. Canada's wheat crop, if placed in sacks,
laid end to end, would form a line twice around the eartli
at the equator. Canada, with a thirteenth of the
population of the United States, grows a fourth as much as
the U. S. wheat production. Canada's spring wheat crop
is greater than that of the U. S.
AERONAUTICS.
AERONAUTICS IN CANADA.— The development of
aerial transport means much to Canada, as this country
is particularly adapted to the use of aircraft. Our vast
undeveloped territory can be made easily accessible
through the use of aircraft. As efficient commercial
machines are developed, air routes will provide quick,
safe and reliable means of rapid transport as an auxiliary
to our great rail and waterway systems.
CANADA AIR BOARD.— Established in 1919; has
three main functions: control of commercial aviation,
civil government operations, and organization and admin-
istration of the air defences of the country. It licenses
aerodromes, machines and flying personnel.
Aeronautics.— Continued.
CANADIAN AIR FORCE.— Training done at Camp
Borden, Ont. For year ending Sept. 30, 1921, 407 officers
and 8.40 men received training there under the Air Board.
CIVIL GOVERNMENT FLYING.— 398 nights were
made in fall of 1920, covering 33,612 miles, in conjunc-
tion with forestry and fishery services. Air stations at
Vancouver, Kamloops, B.C.( High River, Alta., Victoria
Beach, Man., Sioux Lookout, Ont., Roberval, Que., and
Dartmouth, N.S. During six months of 1921, 1,011 flights
were made, covering 157,000 miles.
COMMERCIAL AVIATION has made considerable pro-
gress. During 1920, 18,671 flights were made, and 6,505
machine-hours flown; 15,265 passengers and 6,740 pounds
of freight were carried. In 1921, 22 commercial firms
were operating over 60 machines. In addition to passen-
ger-carrying and exhibition work a number of the indus-
trial firms in the country are operating aircraft as
auxiliaries to their normal work.
AREAS.
Canada is Britain's largest overseas Dominion — the
Britain of the West.
Canada is bounded by three oceans; its 13,000 miles
of coast line is nearly equal half circumference of earth.
Canada is 3,500 miles by 1,400 in area. The United
States-Canada boundary line is 3,000 miles long; 1,600 by
land, 1,400 through water.
Canada is larger in area than the United States, in-
cluding Alaska, by 111,992 square miles (Canada, 3,729,
665; United States and Alaska, 3,617,673).
Canada has one-third of area of British Empire, and
is as large as 30 United Kingdoms and 18 Germanys;
twice the size of British India; almost as large as Europe;
18 times size of France; 33 of Italy.
In 1868, area of the 4 provinces forming Confedera-
tion was 662,148 square miles; now Parliament exercises
jurisdiction over 3,729,665 square miles in nine provinces
and three territories.
Canada's land area (exclusive of Territories and Yukon,
and excluding swamplands and forests) is 1,401,100,000
acres. Thirty-one per cent., or 440,000,000 is fit for culti-
vation. Only 110,000,000 acres are occupied, and 60,000,-
000 acres, or less than 15 per cent., under cultivation.
Canada has continuous railway connection (excepting
ferry across Canso Strait) from Sydney to Vancouver for
3,883 miles. Distance from Sydney to Dawson City, 5,383
miles.
AUTOMOBILES.
AUTOMOBILES.— Registration, 1907, 2,100; 1920,
402,029; 1921, 467,496, nearly doubled in 4 years.
Canada's motor vehicles valued at $500,000,000. Canada
holds second place in world in per capita possession of auto-
mobiles, about one car to every 18 of population. 90,000
motor cars came from the U.S. into Canada in 1920.
AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY.— Capital invested, 1919,
$57,000,000 in 1,289 plants, mostly for repairs. 12,139 em-
ployees; wages and salaries, $15,389,000; production value,
$101,196,000; No. of cars turned out, 68,000. Exports of
21,128 cars and parts, 1920-21, $19,628,000.
CHARTERED BANKS.
Changes from
Oct., 1921. Oct., 1920.
Reserve fund $ 135,067,554 $ +4,654,224
Note circulation 193,650,636 — 55,619,344
Demand deposits 565,650,636 —122,001,145
Notice deposits 1,251,323,839 -10,953,057
Total deposits in Canada 1,816,974,475 —141,953,057
Deposits outside CaJiada.... 284,254,860 — 55,700,373
Current coin '. 77,932,332 —1,891,144
Dominion notes 166,958,268 —11,963,623
Deposits central gold res 69,402,533 —49,800,000
Call loans in Canada 105,362,186 —7.773,716
Call loans outside 172,013,135 — 16^354,324
Current loans in Canada 1,243,748,818 — 161,652,409
Current loans outside 156,518,933 —27,230,724
Total liabilities 2,519,098,671 —349,417,519
Total assets 2,806,827,597 —348,773,971
CANADIAN CHARTERED BANKS.— Total of 4,923
branches, of which 4,720 are located in the Dominion. In
Manitoba there are 334, Alberta 409, Saskatchewan 577,
and British Columbia 249. Ontario 1,577, Quebec 1,240,
X.S. 167, N.B. 125, P.E.I. 39. Total nearly doubled in 10
years. Bank clearings, 1921, $17,443,431,702; bank profits,
$24,399,389. One bank branch for every 1,800 people.
BANK BRANCH INCREASES— Since the signing of
the Armistice, 1,742 new branch offices have been opened
by Canadian banks, and 214 closed, leaving the net increase
1,528. Canadian banks have over 4,700 branches at home,
Census.
(See pages following page 72 for new census facts.)
10
LEADING CANADIAN CITIES.
Main Facts re Chief Cities arranged alphabetically.)
AMHERST, N.S. — One of the chief towns in the Mari-
times. Population, 12,000. Many big industries. The
mother of the Canada Car & Foundry Co. plants. Only
one in America which makes all that enters into a freight
or other car. Excellent churches, schools, stores and homes.
Active Board of Trade. Centre of agricultural area. Other
important industries comprise boots and shoes, engines and
boilers, tractors, enamelware, pianos, trunks and boxes.
BELLEVILLE, Ont.— Population over 12,000. Lar^ost
cheese exporting centre in Ontario. Total imports, 1919-2!),
$1,381,597. Osntre of fruit, dairying and mining districts.
Served by 3 railroads. Divisional point of G.T.E. Govern-
ment dock, splendid shipping facilities both by rail and
water. Rolling mills, engineering and lock works. One of
the finest cold storage plants in Canada. Provincial School
for the Deaf, Albert College, Ontario Business College, St.
Agnes School for girls.
BORDER CITIES.— Ford, Walkerville, Windsor, Sand-
wich and Ojibway. Located at the most southern extremity
of Canada ,on the world's greatest waterways, opposite
Detroit. Have 160 operating industries, supporting a total
population exceeding 65,000. Is Canada's automobile,
heavy drug and chemical and pharmaceutical manufacturing
centre. Good location for industries, with unfailing labor
supply. Beautiful home cities. Served by five trunk rail-
ways, all connected by a terminal line which absorbs
switching charges. Electric power and natural gas. Excep-
tional educational facilities. Border Chamber of Commerce
has over 1,000 members. Windsor bank clearings nearly
doubled in a year. Assessment (Windsor), $56,692,-
150; population, 38,530; customs receipts, 1921, $8,774,95.°..
BROOKVILLE, Ont. — Named after Sir Isaac Brock.
Population, 10,000. Assessment, over $6,000,000. Schools,
10, viz. : 6 public, 1 manual training, 1 domestic science, 1
collegiate institute, St. Alban 's School for Boys, 1 separate.
School population exceeds 1,100; 6 banks; 9 churches.
Centre of dairy industry; cheese sold by Dairymen's Board
of Trade exceeds $3,000,000 annually. Several large indus-
tries. Municipally owned: Gas, electric light, water and
power plants.
BRANTFORD, Ont.— Named after Joseph Brant. Popu-
lation, 31,362; 37,000 including suburbs; within 70-mile
radius, 1,000,000; one of Canada's leading manufacturing
cities. Fifth in importance among Canada's industrial
centres. Fourth city exporting manufactured goods; 181
manufactories (in 1919), employing 8,115 persons. Annual
wages, $8,222,896. Raw materials cost, $19,168,364. Value
of products, $.-{5,163,913. Capital invested, $41,619,630.
75 lines of manufacture.
Agricultural implement centre of British Empire. Centre
of rich area. 10 public schools, 2 separate schools, collegiate
institute, and 2 technical schools; average attendance in
all, 6,000. 46 churches and missions. Municipal utilities:
Waterworks, Hydro-Electric, street railway (20 miles).
Assessment, $26,342,000. A record of steady progress.
Bank clearings, 1£20, $76,113,949; 18 branch banks. Two
steam and three electric railways.
CALGARY, Alta. — Population, census 1921, 63,117. As-
sessment, $73,978,589. Area, 401/. sq. miles. Waterworks:
Mains, 207 miles; hydrants, 1,086. Streets: Paved, 62
miles; boulevards, 52. Police, 86. Firemen, 106; fire sta-
tions, 9. Parks, 10; area, 577 acres; valuation, $2,193,028.
Sewers: Miles, 207; connections, 9,231.
Schools: Public, 52; teachers, 319; pupils, 10,483; separ-
ate, 8; teachers, 39; pupils, 1,109; 4 colleges and 3 business
colleges; churches, and places of worship, 96; banks, in-
cluding branches, 23; hotels, 27; bridges, 18; bank clear-
ings, 1920, $433,073,277; customs receipts, 1921, $2,039,224;
building permits, 1920, nearly $2,806,100; 296 industrial
establishments in 1919; production value, $34,002,257.
CHARLOTTETOWN, P.E.I.— Capital of Province. As-
sessment valuation, over $5,000,000. Population, 12,000.
Spacious and safe harbor, ample water supply, modern side-
walks, 8 chruches, 2 colleges, 4 public schools; 1 convent
school, 2 business colleges.
CHATHAM, Ont. — Farming and fruitgrowing tr:He
centre; county seat; on navigable Thames River, 45 miles
east of Detroit; population, 16,000. Centre for sugar beet,
growing and manufacturing, canned goods, automobiles,
automotive products, machinery, pork packing, pickling;
centre of Western Ontario gas fields. Assessment, $10,081,-
000. 104 industries, employing 2,624. Industries include
flour mills, capacity 15,000 bbls. per day; car wheel, stove
general foundries; woodworking plants; shipbuilding and
and car-building plants; starch plant (largest in Canada),
EDMONTON. — Started in 1795 as a Hudson's Bay post;
now Capital of Alberta; gateway to the Peace River coun-
try; the City of Opportunity. Situated on North Saskatche-
wan River. Wholesale, industrial, financial and educational
centre for Central and Northern Alberta. Centre of fertile
mixed farming country; f> railways with 13 radiating lines.
Census population, 1921, 58,627, or 68,000 with surround-
12
ings. Board of Trade, 754 members. Assessment, $80,213,-
985. Assets, $32,000,000. Value of buildings in city,
$50,000,000. University, high schools, 48 city schools, 50
churches, public golf links and playgrounds, modern hospi-
tals, live stock centre; 3 meat packing plants; public stock-
yards. Important dairy centre. Centre of great coal field;
4 mines operating within city limits; 30 others in vicinity.
100 wholesale houses, 23 banks, 291 industrial plants. City
owns and operates its electric light and power distribution
system, street railway, water system ,and telephone service.
Bank clearings, 1920, $294,873,301. Customs receipts, 1921,
$1,487,865. Live stock handled by packing plants and
stock yards, 1920, 92,533 cattle, 133,800 hogs, 35,000 sheep.
Manufacturing production, 1919, $31,419,757.
FORT WILLIAM.— (See also Port Arthur).— Founded as
a trading post in 1669 ; to-day headquarters of the Board of
Grain Commissioners for Canada and of the grain business
of Canada. All grain harvested in Western Canada passes
through it. Terminus of all traffic westward; point of origin
of all traffic eastward on Great Lakes. Combined storage
capacity of grain elevators at head of lakes greatest in Can-
ada, second largest in world. Fort William has 23 grain
elevators, with a storage capacity of 29,855,000 bushels;
Port Arthur has 8, storage capacity 22,515,000 bushels.
137,000,000 bushels of wheat passed through them in 1920.
Population, 20,000; 15 churches, 10 schools, collegiate in-
stitute, 12 parks, City Hall, 3 fire halls, 2 hospitals, Court
House, Public Library and Y.M.C.A.; 31 miles of street
railway; telephone, light, water, sewage systems. Indus-
tries include flour mills, capacity 15,000 bbls. per day; car
wheel, stove and general foundries; woodworking plants,
shipbuilding and car-building plants; starch plant (largest
in Canada). Bank clearings, $48,000,000; manufacturing
production, 1918, $23,487,689.
GALT, Ont. — Gross assessment, $12,811.615; taxable
assessment, $10,759,285; exempt, $2,052,330. Population,
13,332. Area, 1,600 acres. 100 acres of parks, 80 indus-
tries, including large machine shops, foundries, woollen fac-
tories, shoe factories, sash and door factories, brass foun-
dries, planer knives, etc. 7 schools, Collegiate Institute,
Y.M.C.A., 9 churches. A city of homes and of long-estab-
lished prosperity, in the centre of rich farming area. Im-
ports, 1919-20, $6,842,599.
GUELPH. — The "Eoyal City of Canada," founded by
the Canada Co. in 1827; created a city in 1879; population
20,500; has 129 manufacturing establishments, including 27
that came from U.S. Is a noted centre for gray iron cast-
ings. Has 8 public schools; 3 separate schools; Collegiate
13
Institute; Loretto Acadaray and Ontario Agricultural Col-
lege, maintained by the Ontario Government, with 2,500
students. Guelph owns its public utilities, including Elec-
tric Light, Gas, Waterworks, Radial Eailway, and Guelph
Junction Eailway; 1918 total net receipts from all these
were $82,655.87. It is served by the Grand Trunk, Cana-
dian Pacific Railways, 7 branch lines radiating from the
city; and the Toronto Suburban Railway runs to Toronto.
Assessment, 1920, $13,330,675. The Ontario Provincial
Winter Pair is held annually in Guelph, the largest sheep
and poultry show in Canada. The Ontario Sheep Breeders'
Association gather the wool of the Province in Guelph
every year, over one million pounds being received in 1920.
City is the centre of one of the finest agricultural sections.
HALIFAX, N.S. — Largest city east of Quebec. Founded
in 1749; incorporated 1842. Population, 1911, 46,000; now
75,000, including 10,000 in Dartmouth. Canada's chief
Atlantic port and chief British naval station in North
America. Protected by 11 forts. Has one of the largest
dry-docks on Atlantic. Harbor ranks third in world for
size, safety and beauty; covers area of 10 square miles, and
deep water anchorage for 23 miles. $30,000,000 being spent
on terminals and piers that will dock two-score of world s
largest ships at one time. Transit sheds will be the largest
in Canada. Port tonnage, 1920, 8,953,803. Manufactured
products exceed $20,000,000 a year. Assessment valuation,
nearly $50,000,000. Bank clearings, 1920, $254,677,402.
Customs receipts, 1921, $3,221,248. Established first bank
clearing house, first public ferry, first newspaper, etc., in
Canada. 19 public schools, 4 colleges and university; first
free technical college in Canada; 2 High Schools; 42
churches; finest public gardens in America. 1,000 new homes
built for the Halifax (1917) disaster survivors.
HAMILTON.— The City Beautiful. A natural manu-
facturing centre by reason of its peographical posi-
tion at the head of Lake Ontario, its unexcelled shipping
facilities by rail and water, cheap power, a woll-
supplied labor market, two sources of electric power
supply and competitive rates. Assessment, (128,480,960;
population, 117,700; population of tributary terri-
tory, 375,000; area, 7,143 acres; 22 parks; 543 streets;
23,500 houses. Assessment over $100,000,000. 33
banks; 8 steam and 4 electric railways; 3 public lib-
raries; 83 churches; 53 public and separate schools; over
20,000 pupils; 1 normal school; 2 technical schools; 1 col-
legiate institute; 33 banks; 113 police officers; 125 firemen;
over 30 miles street railway; 168 miles of streets. Bank
14
clearings, 1920, $380,733,960. Customs receipts, 1921,
$6,506,815.
Hamilton had, 1919, 740 industries; capital, $lt>5,300,:!99,
employing 30,000; production value, $149,767,630, annu-
ally. Chamber of Commerce has 1,160 members. More
American capital invested in manufacturing than in any
other Canadian city. 27 new industries secured in 1920
alone, represented capital of $7,000,000. 100 U. S. branches
in all, with capital of $66,000,000, employing 12,000 ; wages,
$16,500,1)00; production, $61,000,000. Hamilton has the
largest Plow Works, Wire Fence Works, Agricultural Im-
plement Works, manufacturers of Washing Machines and
Wringers in the Britsh Empire, and among the largest Blast
Furnaces, Steel Plants and Coke Oven Plants
Financial — Assessed value for taxation, $125,855,190;
total debenture debt, $15,641,698; net, $8,698,632. Total
assets, 23,621,502. Tax rate, 33y2 mills.
KINGSTON.— Assessment, over $16,000,000. Popula-
tion, over 24,000. Water, light and power plants are
municipally controlled. Leading educational centre:
Queen's University, with largest enrolment in its history;
Royal Military College, etc. Commercial advantages.
Good water and rail connections. 7 banks. Centre cheese
trade. Splendid harbor. Seats of two bishoprics. Large
industries and first-class market. One of Canada's historic
centres. Important lake port. Occupies site of Fort
Frontenac built in 1673.
KITCHENER. — The city of homes. Population, 21,052.
Assessment, $16,309,814; property taxable, $12,166,665;
business tax, $2,076,213; income, $545,029; exempted
properties, $1,502,532. School population, 3,099; public
schools, 5; separate (E.G.) schools, 2; collegiate, 1;
churches, 22; mill rate, 29% mills. Important industrial
centre. Bank clearings, 1920, $61,600,500, increase of $13,-
000,000 in year.
LETHBRIDGE, A1U.— Gross assessment, 1920, $17,679,-
' 565; net taxable assessment, $12,468,930; census population,
1921, 11,055. Bank clearings, 1920, $45,989,987; Board of
Trade members, 226. City conducted under commission gov-
ernment, operating electric service and coal mine and street
railway. Industrial, mining and commercial centre of
Southern Alberta. Centre also of important irrigation
schemes; 85 industrial establishments, 1919; production,
$:i, 729.267.
LONDON. — Fourth city in Ontario; also, leading manu-
facturing city, and commercial, financial, educational and
ecclesiastical centre of Western Ontario. Shows steady
15
growth. Population, 65,685. Bank clearings, $192,157,969.
1,190 building permits, 1920, value, $2,146,305. 28 bank
branches. Manufacturing output increased over 100 per
cent, in ten years. 10,254 employed in 380 industries ; manu-
facture over 70 distinct lines; production value, 1918, $39,-
104,056. School attendance, 11,500 in 25 public schools;
56 churches. City owned and operated railway to London's
harbor on Lake Erie, Port Stanley. Assessment, $52,451,551 ;
Census population, 1921, 9,575. Several large industries,
exemptions, only $7,153,075. Assets, $10,114,494; net de-
benture debt, $4,156,086. Chamber of Commerce member-
ship, 825.
MEDICINE HAT, Alta.— Assessment, 1920, $11,646,270.
Number of gas wells drilled by the city, 18; wells handed
over to industries, 3 ; 18 ; wells handed over to industries, 3 ;
18 operated by city; length of mains, 22 miles; number of
services, 2,535. Bank clearings, 1920, $21,927,687. 71 indus-
trial establishments, 1919, production, $13,127,755.
MONTREAL.
METROPOLIS OF CANADA.— Fifth largest city iu
America. Nearly 30 per cent, of Canada's export trade
goes out from port of Montreal. Is the greatest distributing
centre for nationally advertised goods in Canada, and for
the largest output of manufactured products. Population
of local trading area is 1,100,000.
AREA. — 32,155 acres; 10 x 9 miles; parks and squares,
56 in number, of 1,421 acres; 836 miles of streets; 267
miles of electric railway lines ( single track).
ASSESSMENT— Valuation, 1920, $890,969,143; exemp-
tions, $227,436,969 (or $317 per capita). This latter sum
includes $118,061,880 of Government property.
CIVIC REVENUE.— Available, 1922, $23,803,598.
CUSTOMS RECEIPTS, 1921, $47,102,590— highest in
Canada. Bank clearings, 1921, $5,720,000,000.
HISTORY.— Once site of Indian village of Hochelaga,
visited by Cartier in 1535. In 1611 Champlain established
a trading-post — Place Royale. Founded by Maisonneuvc,
1641. Has three-quarters of total capital of all chartered
banks in Canada.
INDUSTRIAL.— 1918, 2,375 establishments; capital,
$468,401,481; employees, 157,878; wages, $110,196,219;
production value, $552,114,605. Centre of boot and shoe,
pulp and paper, textile, sugar refining, electrical appliance,
clothing, paint, tobacco and cement industries in Canada.
POPULATION GROWTH: 1851, 57,715; 1861, 90,323;
1871, 107,225; 1881, 140,747; 1891, 211,302; 1901, 277,829;
1911, 523,377; 1916, 650,000; 1919, 700,000, without suburbs,
16
or nearly 775,000, including them; 1920, 840,000 (assess-
ment estimate). Census estimate, 1920, of city, 607,063; of
Montreal Island, 712,909. 75 per cent, of population of
French-Canadian origin. Population increased three times
since 1901.
SHIPPING. — During navigation season of 1921, 981 ves-
sels docked, 564 in 1920. Increase of nearly 100 per cent,
in ocean tonnage. 106,310 passengers carried from the
port. Nearly twice as miu-h grain exported in 1921 (120
million bushels), as in best previous year, and more than
total shipped from all Atlantic ports combined.
CANADA'S NATIONAL SEAPOET.— Head of inland
waterways to Lake Superior, a distance of over 1,000 miles.
Second largest port in North America, seventh in the world,
and largest inland port in the world, on which $30,000,000
has been spent. Wharfage for 125 vessels. 1921 was
greatest export season of port, including 35,000 head of
cattle.
MOOSE JAW, Sa.sk.— The buckle of the greatest wheat
belt in the world; '"the place where the white man found
the Moose Jaw." Population (estimated), 22,000; assess-
ment, gross, $26,216,295; assessment, taxable, $21,394,238;
school population, 5.266; building permits, 10 months, 1919,
.795; bank clearings, 1919, $86,447,626. Important
shipping centre. 101 industries produced $18,000,000.
NELSON, B.C.— The City of Roses; in the heart of the
Kootenay country; the clearing-house of Crow's Nest Pass
and the Kootenays. Population, 6,500. Several industries,
including mining and lumbering. 100 sawmills in district.
Municipally owned franchises and revenue-producing utili-
ties. In heart of rich agricultural and fruit area. Unlim-
ited water-power. At convergence of three lake systems,
with 8 rail and steamer routes; 130 Bd. of Trade members.
NIAGARA FALLS— Population, nearly 15,000. Assess-
ment, 12,500,000. Important industrial centre, with cheap
power and fine shipping facilities. Manufacturing produc-
! tion, 1918, $18,406,805; 3,048 employees. Home of great
powvr plants. A city of homes, schools and churches. His-
toric centre of the Niagara peninsula. A million visitors
a year.
OTTAWA. — The Capital of Canada, ''The Washington
of the North." Civic waterworks and electric light and
power systems; 26.000 houses, 84 public buildings, 24 public
schools, 9.700 pupils, and :::', separate schools with 9,000
pupils: 3 high schools, 1 university, and 10 colleges, Na-
tional Museum, 67 churches, 13 convents, 22 charitable
institutions, 24 hospitals and asylums, 119 wholesale houses,
192 industries, 20 Government buildings, 13 parks, 9 steam
17
railways entering the city, 8 water transport lines, 59 miles
of paved streets, 47 miles electric street railway, 38 banks
and branches, 22,000 telephones in use; over 100 insurance
companies represented; 161 miles of streets; 238 Board of
Trade members; 90 policemen; 147 firemen; over 12,000
Government employees.
Population, 110,708; city directory population, with sub-
urbs, 143,402; Hull, 23,867. Assessment, $164,707,177;
customs revenue, 1921, $2,307,204. Bank clearings, 1920,
$515,006,228.
OWEN SOUND, Out. — Canada's newest city. Popula-
tion, 12,218. Property values and taxable incomes in-
creased more than 20 per cent, in year. Important port on
Lake Huron; fine churches, schools, library, market, etc.;
surrounded by rich farming country. Many successful
industries.
PETERBOROUGH, Ont. — Assessment, $19,299,565; popu-
lation, 22,000 ; with suburbs, 26,000 ; 10 public schools. Col-
legiate Institute, and Provincial Normal School, Public
Library, Conservatory of Music, Business College; fine
churches, 9 banks. Bank clearings, 1920, $50,639,788. Im-
ports, 1919-20, $8,868,845. City owns waterworks, and
hydro-electric power and light developed within the city;
large park; complete fire protection equipment; extensive
sewer system; electric railway; 60 factories. Population
increased by 63 per cent, per the last census. Cheap hydro-
electric power and excellent shipping facilities; attractive
summer resorts and sporting facilities. Board of Trade,
340 members. Has world's highest hydraulic lift lock.
Manufacturing production, 1918, $27,504,683.
PORT ARTHUR, Ont. — (See also Fort William.) — One
of the "Twin Cities" at the head of deep water lake navi-
gation, with fine natural harbor. Assessment over $27,000,-
000. Population, 16,000. Good public and separate schools.
Model and Collegiate. World's capacity for elevators; 31
in the Twin Cities; capacity, 52,000,000 bushels, 370,000,000
bushels of grain have passed through the Twin Cities ele-
vators in one year. Big Dry Dock and Ship Building plant;
blast furnace; lumber mills, etc. Two pulp mills in opera-
tion, one other organizing. Unlimited water-power; 75,000
h.p. developed; 30,000 h.p. in machinery installed. City
owns and operates municipal franchises. Dominion Signal
and Wireless Station. Shipbuilding, fine fishing and hunt-
ing. Dominion and Ontario Government each maintain a
fish hatchery. Judicial centre for Thunder Bay District.
Connected with Duluth and points in U. S. by one of finest
scenic highways in Canada. No hay fever.
18
PRINCE RUPERT. — 436 miles nearer Orient than any
other Pacific port. Population, 8,000. Assessment (1922),
$17,138,492. Single Tax. City owns telephone, water, and
electric light systems. Five schools, including High School,
with accommodation for 1,100. Greatest fishing port on
Pacific Coast. 20,000-ton drydock; largest cold storage
plant on Pacific Coast, with magnificent harbor, ranking
third in world harbors. Natural distributing point for
Northern British Columbia and Alaska. G.T.P. terminus.
QUEBEC. — One of Canada's important sea and river
ports, and the cradle of Canadian history; founded in 1608
by Champlain. Population, 110,500; or tributary territory,
155,000. City valuation, $116,045,071 for 1921. Quebec
Bridge, now completed, largest of its type in the world.
City growing steadily; 3 transcontinental railway lines.
10,212 buildings. Bank clearings, 1920, $367,195,501. Cus-
toms receipts, 1921, $4,772,693. City surplus, $20,459.
Manufacturing production, 1918, $38,265,277. 83o indus-
tries and workships, employing 18,500. 96 miles of streets.
9 steam railways, 26 miles of street railway; 47 banks, 41
churches, 26 hospitals and refuges; 66 public schools, 21
private schools and business colleges; 19,019 pupils. Harbor
has 30 miles frontage, accommodating 22 ocean vessels.
REGINA, Sask. — The Capital and largest city in Prov-
ince; founded in 1882; incorporated in 1903. 357 miles
west of Winnipeg. Divisional point on main railway, with
12 radiating lines; principal distributing point for Middle
West. Largest distribution of farm implements fronr this
centre, $25,000,000 in a year. 146 industries, 1919 ; value of
products, $12,651,063. Plants include flour mills, sashes
and doors and soap factories, foundries, machine shops,
cement blocks and pressed brick works, elevators, wire and
steel works, tanneries, aearted waters, cigars. 114 whole-
sale houses; 360 retail; 15 manufacturing plants. Popula-
tion, 1903, 3,00; 1921, 40,000; 14th city in Dominion.
Building permits, 1920, $2,597,920. Bank clearings, 1920,
$231,070,268, nearly doubled in 5 years. 13 public schools;
7,000 pupils; 28 churches. City operates light and water
system, street railway and stock yards. Complete sewerage
system. Best paved city in Canada for its size. 257 acres
in parks. Has model industrial and warehouse area, served
with pavements, sewers, water, electric power lines, strret
railway and spur track system.
SASKATOON, Sask.— Population, 30,000. Wholesale
distributing, commercial, financial and educational centre
for Central and Northern Saskatchewan, on 3 railways.
Government elevator, capacity 3,500,000. 16' miles of
19
municipal street railway. Municipal electric light, power
and water system. University of Saskatchewan, Agricul-
tural College and College Farm; Presbyterian TliQological
College ; Normal School ; 2 planing mills ; iron foundry ;
bottling works; cold storage; butter and ice cream making
and milk pasteurizing plant; poultry killing station. Bank
clearings, 1921, $100,523,291. 1,200 university students.
Public and High School attendance, 1921, 5,380. Customs
revenue, over a million. 157 industries, 1919; value of
products, $10,812,765.
SAUI/T STE. MARIE. — Population, now including Steel-
ton, 22,000. Assessment, $20,000,000. Centre of several
great industries (steel, pulp and paper, etc.), including
the "Clergue" ones. Great inland port. Soo Canal lock
one of the largest in world. Soo canals 'have greater traffic
three times over than Suez Canal. City is centre of rich
mining, timber and farm region. Manufacturing production,
1918, $44,556,426, employing 4,154. On the great water-
way to Lake Superior and center of fishing and hunting.
SHERBROOKE, Que.— The Electric City of the East.
Population, 25,000; total valuation, $25,132,824 (trebled in
7 years) ; assessable, $19,091,574; non-assessable, $6,041,250.
Assets: Municipal waterworks, $714,434; gas plant, $342,-
031; electricity plants, $1,789,462; city real estate, $3,032,-
250 ; sinking funds, $573,088. Total, $6,451,266. . Revenue
from municipal public utilities, $421,824,22. Large educa-
tional and industrial centre. More water-power than any
city in the world, with 8 hydro-electric powers. Chief city
in Eastern Townships. Bank clearings, 1920, $64,046,860.
600 members of Board of Trade. 16 schools, 5 hospitals, 14
banks, 60 industries, with annual production value of over
$.30,000,000.
ST. JOHN, N.B. — Canada's chief winter shipping port.
Total trade, 1920-21, $113,995,039, viz.: Exports, $81,138,-
()(Ki; imports, $32,857,033. Grain exports, 1920-21, 10,638,-
339 bushels; worth $19,347,117.
Vessels entering port, 1920-21, 2,594; tonnage, 1,436,927.
15 ocean berths; 28,000 passengers entered port, Nov.,
1920— March, 1921. Lumber exports, 1920, to U.S., $4,-
861,220. Bank clearings, 1920, $176,293,846; customs re-
ceipts, 1920-21, $5,358,175; manufacturing production, 1918,
$28,247,037.
Census population, 1911, 42,511; now estimated, 60,000;
44 churches, 780 acres of parks, 18 public schools; assess-
ment, $1,613,545. City growing rapidly; new residential
areas being developed. New dry-dock, 1,150 feet long, under
construction, largest in world.
20
SYDNEY, N.S.— The Pittsburg of Canada. Population,
1921, 22,527. Including 12-mile radius, and tows of Glace
Bay, New Waterford, Dominion, North Sydney and Sydney
Mines, over 75,000. Centre of Canada's greatest iron ami
steel and most important coal mining industries. Estab-
lished coal companies enlarging and number of new ones
opening. "Finest harbor in the world." — Robert Dollar.
Largest shipping tonnage of the Dominion's Atlantic sea-
ports. Government ocean terminals and dry-docking plant
projected for 1921, involving outlay of over $3,500,000.
Best market centre of Eastern Canada. Excellent educa-
tional facilities. Industrial and mining outlay in prospect
for 1921-1922, $20,000,000 to $30,000,000. General predic-
tion that within comparatively few years Sydney will be
the biggest east of Montreal.
STRATFORD, Ont.— Industrial centre of 18,871; beauti-
fully situated on the River Avon and Provincial Highway.
Divisional R. R. point. 16 churches, collegiate institute,
Provincial Normal School, two business colleges, 6 public
and 1 Separate school, manual training, social science school,
a public library, Chamber of Commerce, Y.M.C.A., Y.W.C.A.,
125 acres of park, and all civic utilities. Industries in-
clude locomotive repair shops (about 1,200 employees), 8
furniture factories, woolen mill, 3 knitting factories, thresh-
ing machines, pork packing, clothing, brass goods, art
calendars, felt goods, flax mills, electric appliances and flour
mill machinery, brooms and brushes, etc. 99 per cent, of
labor is British; 85 per cent, of families are home-owners.
Assessment, $15,941,518; manufactured products in 1920,
over $13,000,000. Hydro-electric power is extensively used;
water supply is purest in the province. Motor equipped fire
department. Imports, 1919-20, $3,410,333.
SIT. CATHARINES. — Population, 21,000. Assessment,
$19,481,885. Centre of finest fruit land in Ontario; 60,000
h.p. plant adjoining city limits; power from Niagara Falls,
12 miles distant; 28 miles of paved streets, and nearly
every street has sidewalks and sewers; 3 miles from Lake
Ontario; good street car service to any point in the Niagara
District; 148 industrial establishments, 1918; production,
$22,610,388.
TORONTO.
TORONTO (from an Indian word meaning "a place of
meeting"), founded as a French trading post, 1749, "Fort
Rouille. ' ' Land on which it stands was sold by Mississauga
Indians in 1787 to Crown for $85. Chosen as provincial
Capital by Simcoe in 1792. Incorporated as city, 1834, with
9,000 population.
21
TORONTO.-Continued
Assessment for 1922, $723,696,521; 1921, $697,418,435.
In 1901 only $128,271,583; 1911, $306,751,673— increase of
483 per cent, in 20 years, and 121 per cent, in 10- years.
Doubled since 1912; trebled since 1909; quadrupled since
1906. Exemptions, $98,271,202. Tax rate, 33 mills. Esti-
mated revenue from taxes, 1921, $32,690,040.
Area, 32 square miles, or 7 x 10 miles at farthest points.
Toronto has the world's largest annual Exhibition, with
attendance now of well over a million.
Fire department, 634 officers and men; police force, 750.
Board of Trade has 2,687 members.
Bank clearings (2nd in Dominion), 1921, $5,104,000,000.
Building permits, 1920, $25,784,732, in 7,378 permits;
8,574 new buildings. Promise of big increase in 1922. A
city of homes — 88,488 in 1920, 54 per cent, owner-occupied.
100,000 telephones, or one to every five of population,
800,000 calls on a busy day.
Customs revenue, 1921, $38,626,922.
Civic gross budget, 1920, $53,602,525 ; gross funded debt,
$103,000,000; $202 per capita; net, $75,452,881, $147 per
capita. Assets over $150,000,000. Value of city property,
$50,108,661.
Toronto is Canada's greatest live stock market. Turn-
over of $70,000,000 in 1920.
Harbor Development Scheme. — Will cost $37,000,000
(including Dom. Govt. work). Toronto will then have
finest harbor on the Great Lakes. 900 acres of new
park property is being made.
Manufacturing Statistics. — No. of establishments, 1919,
3,200; capital invested, $412,449,242; number of employees,
98,945; salaries and wages (annual), $55,000,000; value of
products, $511,648,448.
Toronto has 531 miles of streets and 140 of lanes, 709 of
sidewalks, 70 parks and playgrounds, 81 Homes and hos-
pitals, over 100 public schools, 10 high schools, 34 separate
schools, Technical and Commercial High School; nearly
2,500 teachers in all schools; 100,000 pupils in public and
separate schools, and High, Technical and Commerce Schools ;
32 colleges, 13 libraries, 8 public hospitals.
Population has practically doubled every 15 years since
incorporation. In 1834, 9,254; 1844, 18,420; 1874, 67,995;
1384, 105,211; 1905, 238,642; 1910, 325,302; 1919, 499,278;
1921, assessment estimate, 522,666. Now 12th city on con-
tinent in population; 61st among world cities.
Vital Statistics, 1920, 15,020 births (1919, 11,684);
7,632 deaths (1919, 5,694); marriages, 1920, 8,000 (1919,
7,264). Excess of births over deaths in 5 years, 31,796.
22
VANCOUVER, B.C.— Canada's portal city; the gateway
to the Orient, and the chief deep-sea all-the-year port on the
Pacific. Second finest harbor in the world; 80 miles of
water frontage; .40 of anchorage; two new piers being
built at cost of $6,000,000 each; 85 churches and missions;
school enrolment, 18,966; 554 teachers. Assessment, $210,-
593,965. Population, 124,734, with suburbs 220,000
(15,000 Orientals). Bank clearings, 1920, $867,901,614
—increase of $213,000,000 in year. Receipts from customs,
inland revenue, 1921, $12,137,032; increase of over a million
in a year. Building permits, 1920, $3,709,873.
23 parks, of 1,415 acres, including Stanley Park, of 1,000.
Average rainfall, 60 inches. Death rate, 10 years, only
10.65.
A'ancouver is in an enviable position with a future of
commercial and national importance in her many natural
advantages, and at the hands of her progressive people.
With the expansion of the Canadian west, she should ex-
perience a corresponding development as their port of out-
let, a growth the extent of which is shown in her history.
826 industrial establishments in 1919; capital, $68,784,-
691; 18,161 employees; value of products, $88,104,138.
VICTORIA, B.C. — The City of Sunshine and "the pivotal
trade point of the Pacific." One of the healthiest cities
in the world, and one of the most beautiful, possessing an
unequalled temperate climate. Average temperature, 50.2.
Average of 6.2 hours of bright sunshine for every day in
year. Death rate 13.5 per 1,000. Birth rate 33.3" per 1,000.
Average rainfall only 27.01 inches.
Victoria has more mileage of paved streets and boule-
vards than any city of its size in Canada. Second largest
port In Canada, according to tonnage; $4,300,000 being
spent on great dry-dock.
Intimated population, 55,000. Assessment, $83,59.",,:.:M.
Bank clearings, 1920, $145,707,146. Building permits, 1920,
$1,277,277, more than doubled in year; 270 industries;
value of products, $23,286,473; customs receipts, 1921,
$1,202,808.
Canada's great 72-inch reflecting telescope, near Victoria,
B.C., is the second largest in the world.
WELLAND, Ont. — Claims largest per capita growth in
past 19 years. Population, 10,000. Welland is in the zone
of the Welland Ship Canal, destined to be the workshop of
the Dominion. Assessment, nearly $8,000,000. Important
industrial centre. Abundant electrical energy and natural
gas supply. 7 lines of railway. Centre of many branch Am-
erican industries — 13 out of 18.
23
WINNIPEG
The name Winnipeg has its origin in the Indian Cree
name given to the lake 40 miles north, meaning "Win,"
muddy, "nipee," water.
Third largest city in Canada. Holding the keys to Can-
ada's western trade. America's greatest primary grain
centre and the financial, commercial and manufacturing city
of the West. Selkirk settlers occupied its site in 1812.
Hudson Bay trading post of Fort Garry, in 1870, with
population of 215; 1,869 when incorporated as city in 1873;
1921 census, 178,364; Greater Winnipeg, 282,000.
Schools, 63; 772 teachers; attendance, 33,924; value
of buildings, sites, etc., $7,200,000.
31 parks of 674 acres; 120 miles of boulevards. City
has playgrounds, baths, and comfort stations; 112 miles
of street railway. Passengers carried, 1920, 65,750,000.
Municipal Ownership — Of power-works, waterworks
plant, street lighting, stone quarry, asphalt plant,
etc. Cheapest power and electric light in America. 500,000
continuous hydro-electric horsepower on Winnipeg Iliver
assures supply for all time to come. A $16,000,000 aque-
duct, with daily capacity of 100,000,000 gallons, brings
water from 100 miles.
Winnipeg has five railroad systems and 27 branches.
First railway in 1878. C.P.R. yard, largest in the world
belonging to one corporation. Over 7,000 railway em-
ployees.
Winnipeg Manufacturers' Association third largest in
Canada. Board of Trade membership, 1,560.
Winnipeg is an important manufacturing centre. 870
industries in 1919, employing 23,175; value of products,
$119,836,108. 71 different enterprises started in 1921, with
capital of $1,000,000.
Customs receipts — 1920-21, $10,792,181, third in Canada.
WOODSTOCK, Ont. — Assessment, $6,359,243. City owns
and operates waterworks and electric light and power plant,
both utilities being well managed. Principal factory of
Canada Furniture Manufacturers. Up-to-date schools and
collegiate institute; Woodstock Baptist College. City is
well drained and healthy. Railway and shipping facilities
unsurpassed. Population, 10,333. Two industries bcinjr
established. City is putting down new intrrcnpting
sewer and installing a sewage disposal plant at a cost of
$150,000. Kennedy Car Liner and Bag Company started
business here in 1920.
24
CLIMATE.
Min. Max.
Mean Sunshine
(1918)
(loyrs.) (Mean)
B. C. (Victoria)
23.2 82.8
50.3 1822
Alberta (Edmonton)..
43.0 94.0
36.7 2081
Sask. (Battleford) . . .
46.0 98.0
34.4 2101
Man. (Winnipeg) ....
36.9 94.1
34.9 2178
Ontario (Toronto)....
20.2 102.2
45.5 2048
Quo. (Montreal)
24.5 91.6
38.7 1762
N.B. (Fredericton) . .
28.0 92.0
40.5 1978
N.S. (Halifax)
12.6 86.7
44.3
P.E.I. (Charlottetown)
16.0 84.0
42.0 1896
COMPANIES INCORPORATED.
COMPANIES INCORPOEATED.— Under Dominion char-
ters, fiscal year ending March 31, 1920, 991, with total capi-
talization, $603,210,850, mostly representing foreign capital,
as against 512 companies and capital of $214,326,000 in
1919. 88 companies increased capital stock by $85,187,750.
Above figures do not include provincial company incorpora-
tions. Capital of new companies incorporated, all Canada,
11 mos., 1921, $778,173,149.
CRIMINAL STATISTICS.
CONVICTIONS— Year ending Sept. 30. 1920, 162,708,
increase of 25 per cent, over 1919, 5% per cent, in 1919
over 1918; 1920 increase mostly non-indictable minor
offences.
CRIMINAL CASES— 23,213 charges, 18,443 corfvictions ;
decrease of 2.3 per cent, in juvenile crime.
DAIRYING.
PRODUCTION — Canada is steadily increasing as a dairy-
ing country. Production value, 1920, $260,336,633, of which
$146,336,491 came from factories (a new record), including
$56,250,000 of dairy butter, and $57,750,142 milk apart from
deliveries to factories, condensed milk $17,160,111.
FACTORIES— 1920, 3,161, viz., 1,045 creameries, 1,683
cheese, 405 butter and cheese, 28 condenseries. Production,
$145,336,491 came from factories (a new record).
CHEESE — Canada ranks fourth in world production,
CREAMERY BUTTER— Production, 111,691,718 Ibs.;
value, $63,625,203. Condenseries production, 53,980,993 Ibs.;
value, $10,217,803.
COLD STORAGE WAREHOUSES— Canada has 322 (for
dairy products, meat and fish). Capacity, 33,247,774 cubic
feet. Railways have 6,022 refrigerator cars.
25
HISTORICAL — First Canadian cheese factory, in 1864, in
Ontario; first creamery for buttermaking, 1873, in. Quebec;
first milk condensing plant, 1883, in Nova Scotia.
IMPOETS AND EXPORTS OF DAIRY PRODUCTS.—
For 12 months ended December 31, 1920, quantity of but-
ter exported, 13,361,020 pounds; of cheese, 142,767,545
pounds; of milk and cream prepared, 52,035,783 pounds; of
milk, fresh, 1,689,377 gallons; and of fresh cream, 1,276,
792 gallons. Total values of exports, $58,345,022. Quan-
tities of butter imported, 1,104,625 pounds, and of cheese,
479,934 pounds. Heavy increase, 1921, in exports of dairy
produce from Montreal, including 1,441,779 boxes cheese.
EDUCATIONAL.
HISTORICAL. — First Canadian school opened at Quebec
in 1632. Grammar schools founded in Upper Canada in 1807,
common schools in 1816.
UNIVERSITIES.— 22 in 1919; teaching staff, 2,&98; stu-
dents, 28,486; value of endowments, $20,712,171; of land
and buildings, $26,086,358; assets, $56,830,727; income,
$7,039,089; expenditures, $6,542, 212. Toronto University
enrolment, 1921-2, over 5,000; MeGill, over 3,000; Queen's,
1,800 ; Alberta and Saskatchewan, nearly 3,000.
COLLEGES.— 40 in 1919; teaching staff, 584; students,
10,902.
TECHNICAL EDUCATION.— 60 000 pupils, June 30,
1920. .
EDUCATIONAL EXPENDITURE.— 1919: on public
schools, $72,992,667 ($64,100,556 by ratepayers, $8,595.111
by governments). Increase of over 500 per cent, in 10
years. Average annual cost of enrolled pupil, $35.06.
EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS, 1919.— Pupils attend-
ing, 1,873,899, including 1,689,590 in public schools, 57,424 in
technical and vocational public schools; 5,901 in normal
schools, 7,711 in Quebec classical colleges; 9,141 in affiliated
and professional colleges; 22,187 in universities; 1,344 blind
and deaf mutes; 23,649 in private business colleges, and
51,743 in private schools.
PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHERS.— 1919: 53,456 (45,249
female, 8,043 male) ; percentage of enrolment of pupils in
attendance, 67.83.
CARNEGIE CORPORATION has given over $3,000,000
in aid of over 150 Canadian public libraries.
BUSINESS COLLEGES.— 1919-20: 103; pupils, 23.649;
instructors, 512.
ELECTRICAL DEVELOPMENT.
WATER POWER (Available and Developed).
Available 24-hr, power
at 80% efficiency.
Province. At ordinary At est. flow for Turbine
British Columbia . . .
Alberta
Saskatchewan
Manitoba
min. flow n
h.p.
1,931,142
475,281
513,481
3,270,491
4 950 300
lax. dev. (De- ]
pendable for
6 mos) h.p.
5,103,460
1,137,505
1,087,756
5,769,444
6 808 190
[installation
h.p.
304,535
32,492
83,447
1 052 048
Quebec
6,915,244
11,640,052
925,972
New Brunswick ....
Nova Scotia
Prince Ed'd Island.
Yukon and N.W. Ter.
50,406
20,751
3,000
125,220
120,807
128,264
5,270
275,250
21,180
35,774
1,933
13,199
18,255,316 32,075,998 2,470,580
Canada has the greatest per capita water power develop-
ment of any country in the world (0.26 h.p.), excepting
Norway (0.54 h.p.); U.S. (0.07 h.p.).
HYDRO DEVELOPMENT IN 1920.— Represented
500,000 h.p. of installed capacity, based on their initial
installation and not their ultimate designed capacity.
CANADA'S WATER POWER RESOURCES— Canada
has developed only 13 per cent, of her available water-
power of nearly 20,000,000. Iler water-power resources
are one of her richest assets, and the high tension trans-
mission of electric energy is one of the most important
factors in her present day development. Only surpassed
by Norway m h.p. development per 1,000 of population.
ELECTRICAL INDUSTRY.— No country in the world
excels Canada in its electrical development opportunities, or
in the potential wealth of its undeveloped water powers, less
than 13 per cent, of which has been harnessed for industrial
use. From the Chippewa and St. Lawrence projects an addi-
tional 2,000,000 h.p. may be drawn. To-day in proportion
to population Canada ranks first among the countries of the
world in having adapted electricity to commercial and indus-
trial uses. It is estimated that the development of the elec-
trical industry throughout its several branches will result in
the expenditure of not less than $100,0^0,000 per year for
the next three years.
27
ELECTRICAL DEVELOPMENT Con
PROJECTS UNDER WAY.— Practically every great
Canadian industrial centre is served with hydro-electrical
energy. Canada has hydro-eleetrie projects under way for
ultimate development of 3,000,000 horse-power. 2,470,580
horse-power is at present installed, of which Ontario and
Quebec have 81 per cent.
St. LAWRENCE DEEP WATERWAYS SYSTEMS.—
(a) Single power development plan, submitted by Cana-
dian and United States Government engineers, provides
for dams and powerhouses at the Long Sault, estimated to
produce 1,500,000 h.p. at $159,000,000. (b) Double power
development plan, including two series of dams and power-
houses at Long Sault and lesser concentration at Morris-
burg, estimated to produce 100,000 h.p. in excess of Gov-
ernment plan. Length of canalization, 33 miles, of water-
way (Prescott to Montreal), 120 miles. Estimated total
cost, $252.000,000.
HYDRO DEVELOPMENT INVESTMENT.— Water-
power now developed in Canada represents investment of
$475,000,000. In 1940, should the rate of growth in instal-
lation during the past 15 years be continued, this invest-
ment will have grown to over $1,000,000,000. The present
development represents an annual equivalent of 18,500,000
tons of coal, which, valued at $8 per ton, represents $148,-
000,000. In the year 1940 these annual figures will, with
the foregoing assumption, have become 42,000,000 tons and
$336,000,000.
CANADIAN ELECTRICAL DEVELOPMENT— as at
January 1st, 1920, 805 central electric stations! 44.5% com-
mercial, 55.5% municipal. Horse-power developed, 1,907,-
135; 9,656 employed; capital invested, $416,512,010. Total
revenue from sale of power, $57,858,392; total operating
expenses, $34,341,923.
QUEENSTON-CHIPPAWA DEVELOPMENT of the
Ontario Hydro-Electric Power Commission utilizes almost
entire drop between Lake Erie and Lake Ontario of 305
feet. Water is conveyed by a canal over 12 miles long from
Niagara river at Chippawa to Queenston, at foot of rapids.
Power house will contain the largest turbines and generators
in the world, each of former of 55,000 h.p. capacity, coupled
to generator of equivalent size. Five of these units are
being installed and provision made for final installation of
10, providing ultimate capacity of from 500,000 to 600,000
h.p. more than that of existing plants at Falls. First
power developed December 28, 1921. Total cost estimated
at $85,000,000.
ELECTRICAL DEVELOPMENT -Cor».
ONTARIO HYDRO-ELECTRIC SYSTEM— A co-oper-
ative municipal plant for supplying light and energy to
consumers at cost. Largest public ownership undertaking
in the world, with over 200 municipalities co-operating.
Value of 10 systems and 21 hydraulic plants operated by
the Commission, together with transforming stations and
transmission lines, $56,000,000. Value of distribution
plants, $27,000,000. Land, buildings and all assets repre-
sent total investment of about $200,000.000. 1920 earn-
ings of about $9,707,000 provided for operation and main-
tenance and left surplus of $703,000. Present output of
system about 400,000 h.p., equal to annual coal value in
steam plants of average efficiency of $35,000,000.
NIAGARA FALLS FACTS.— Available electrical power
based on total consumption of water at Falls, 10,700,000
h.p. Cost of development on Canadian side, $25,000,000.
Cubic feet of water per second, 280,000. Proportion of
this in Horseshoe Fall, 90 per cent. Total cubic feet auth-
orized for use to date, 78,000. International Treaty allows
to Canada diversion of 36,000 cubic feet of water per
second; 30,000 used at present, leaving 6,000 available at
Queenston. That is, 180,000 h.p. can be generated at Queen-
ston without reducing by 1 h.p. the production of exist-
ing plants at the Falls.
FINANCIAL.
DOMINION REVENUE— 1920-21 (ordinary), $434,386,-
536; expenditure (ordinary, $361,118,145.
WAR LOANS. — Canada"'s war loan subscriptions totalled
$3,017,292,069.
NATIONAL WEALTH.— 1918, $17,000,000,000, or about
$2,000 per capita. National income, 1918, $2,500,000,000, or
about $295 per capita.
DOMINION ESTIMATES, 1921-22.— Consolidated
fund, $358,225,256; on capital account, $246,758,394.
Total, $604,983,650. Chief items are: interest on public
debt, $140,613,163; investments, $210,487,633; pensions,
$31,817,624; post-office, $29,294,911; soldiers' civil re-
establishment, $20,533,000; public works, $13,209,806;
subsidies to provinces, $11,490,860; civil government,
$10,901,474.
CANADA'S LIABILITIES.— Canada's federal liabili-
ties, or net debt, estimated by Census Bureau at $2.273.-
881,806, and Provincial debts $323,025,054 (outside of
indirect liabilities and guarantees). Debts of municipali-
ties to be added. Net public debt, $2,366,861,252.
29
FINANOIAI — Continued.
THE WORLD'S RICHEST MAN is the Canadian, with
nearly 2 billions on deposit in banks and loan companies,
or $225 per capita; only $55 before the War.
BOND SALES.— 1921, $400,184,818. Canada took half;
U.S. $182,056,559; U.K. $16,581,320. 1920, $318,832,081;
32.82 per cent, placed in Canada; 67.18 per cent, in U. S.
BUSINESS FAILURES— 1921, 2,348; 1920, 998; 1919,
'626. 1921 liabilities, $49,999,321.
INCREASE OF GOVERNMENT EXPENSES— Domin-
ion Government expenses, 1920-21, for ordinary purposes,
were 181 per cent, more than in 1914, and Provincial Gov-
ernment expenditures, in fiscal years ending in 1920, 56
per cent, more than in 1919.
U. S. INVESTMENTS IN CANADA— Estimated, in
1920, at $1,272,850,000; chief items being branch indus-
tries, $150,000,000; bonds, $714,000,000; insurance co. in-
vestments, $94,276.000; in British Columbia mills and mines,
$197,000,000; prairie provinces land, $41,000,000, etc.
U. S. INVESTMENTS IN CANADA.— Estimated value
during 1920, $320,000,000. Total yields annual interest return
of $90,000,000. U.S. bond sales, 1921, $182,056,559.
WORLD'S NATIONAL DEBTS— In 1921 were nearly
ten times as much as at the beginning of the war, viz.,
382,634 millions in 1921, 43,362 millions in 1913. Canada
rose from $483,000,000 to $2, 345,000,000.
GOLD EXPORTS. — Canada's gold exports to United
States, 1915-1921, $1,523,400,000.
TRUST COMPANIES.— Canada has 60. Assets, $750,-
000,000, including capital of $47,000,000.
' CANADA'S INTEREST BILL.— Estimated at $180,000,-
000 annually on money borrowed in other countries.
DOMINION INCOME TAX.— Collections, 1920-21, $46,-
381,806 (based on assessments 1917-1920), from 194,257.
24,483 merchants paid $7,689,521; 2,377 manufacturers,
$8,217,730; 19,366 professionals, $2,642,585; 16,652 farmers,
$611,735; 111,621 employees, $11,301,805. Rest of tax-
payers, 18,858, $11,823,563.
TAX EXEMPTIONS— $995,534,588 for all Canada, in-
cluding $285,012,422 in Ontario and $460,249,686 in Quebec.
EXPRESS STATISTICS.— 1920 : Capital of 5 companies,
$4,918,800; gross receipts, $30,512,504; operating expenses,
$16,120,880; express privileges, $16,009,460; net operating
revenue (Dr.), $5,617,836. Salaries and wages, $11,772,206.
Operating mileage, 60,912. 3.694 express offices.
30
FISHERIES.
CANADA 'S SEA FISHERIES are among the greatest in
the world, comprising 12,500 miles of indented coastline on
the Atlantic and Pacific oceans prolific with edible fish, and
also 200,000 square miles of interior fresh waters, or more
than half of the fresh water of the globe. The fertility of
Canadian waters is indicated by the fact that the entire
catch of salmon, lobsters, herring, mackerel, and sardines,
nearly all the haddock, and many of the cod, hake, and
pollock landed are taken within ten or twelve miles from
shore.
PRODUCTION.— 1920, $49,241,339 (decrease of $7,267,-
140 in year, owing to decline in prices). In 1879, only
$13,529,254. British Columbia came first, 1920, $22,329,161 ;
Maritime Provinces, $18,881,067. Salmon leads in value,
$15,595,970; lobsters, $7,152,455; cod, $6,270,171; halibut,
$4,535,188; herring, $3,337,738; whitefish, nearly $2,000,000.
EMPLOYEES.— 1920: 75,646, viz., 57,197 in primary
operations and 18,449 in fish canning and curing establish-
ments.
FISH CANNING.— Canada has 940 fish canning and
curing establishments, fish hatcheries and ponds. Dominion
hatcheries distribute annually over a billion eggs and fry,
placing back in the water the equivalent of 985,024,250 fish.
CAPITAL.— Total, 1920, $50,405,478, viz., $29,893,213 in
primary operations, and $20,512,265 in fish canning and
curing. ^
WHALING.— 1920 eatch, 430, at 3 Vancouver Island
whaling stations, by 10 vessels. Aggregate revenue, nearly
$1,000 each.
FORESTRY (Including Pulp and Paper.)
FORESTS — Canada has the third largest forest re-
sources in the world, with approximate area of 900,000
sq. miles; Russia first; United States second.
PRODUCTION— Canada ranks second in list of world's
lumber producing countries, about 4 billion feet b.m.
annually. Value, 1919, from 3,410 plants, $222,648,790,
including sawn lumber, $129,041,688; shingles, $13,524,346;
lath, $2,157,758; pulpwood, $14,085,376.
CAPITAL— Invested, 1919, $231,203,247; 73,480 employed
in mills and woods; salaries and wages, $60,999,020.
ESTIMATED SUPPLY — Of commercial timber, between
500 and 800 billion feet, b.m., and from 8 million to 1
billion tons of pulpwood. 45 principal commercial woods.
31
FORESTRY-Con.
FOEEST FIEES — Canada has sacrificed two-thirds of her
original timber to forest fires. Annual timber wastage, from
fire, decay, windfalls and floods, estimated at nearly 2%
billion cubic feet, or 5 per cent, of standing merchantable
saw timber.
FOEEST EESEEVES — Canada's 39 Dominion Forest re-
serves, with an area of 34,644 square miles in the four West-
ern provinces, are among the largest in the world, includ-
ing practically the entire eastern slopes of the Eockies.
Manitoba has 3,729 sq. m.; Saskatchewan, 9,302 sq.m.; Al-
berta, 18,929 sq. m., and British Columbia, 2,683 sq. m.
TIMBEE PEODUCTION BY PEOVINCES— Quebec,
$61,493,919; Ontario, $60,565,554; B.C., $60,440,773; N.B.,
$26,713,403; N.S., $8,331,824; Sask., $1,913,847; Manitoba,
$1,497,486; Alberta, $1,393,183; P.E.I., $286,121.
PULP AMD PAPBR.
HISTOEICAL — Paper-making began in Canada in 180:1
at St. Andrew's, Que.; wood pulp first used for paper-
making, 1867; first sulphate pulp produced on American
continent, East Angus, Que., 1907.
PEODUCTION.— Canada is the second largest pro-
ducer of pulp and paper products in the world. Produc-
tion, 1920, $163,127,988, viz., wood-pulp, $76,383,978;
paper, $86,744,010. 31,298 employed. Salaries and wages,
$45,253,892.
SUPEEMACY — Canada excels in possession of extensive
pulpwood reserves, capable, by reasonable exploitation, of
being made inexhaustible; largest and most economically
convertable water-powers; largest ground-wood mill, lo-
cated at Three Eivers, Que.; largest single newsprint mill,
operating world's largest paper machines (232-inch width),
located at Iroquois Falls, Ont.; fastest running newsprint
machines (1,050 feet a minute), located at Grand Mere,
Que.; widest tissue paper machine, located at Merritton,
Ont.
PULPWOOD EESOUECES — (Government estimate) —
Quebec, 155,000,000 cords; New Brunswick, 26,000,000
cords; Ontario, 100,000,000 cords; Nova Scotia, 25,000,000
cords; British Columbia, 255,000,000 cords; Prairie Prov-
inces, 85,000,000 cords. Total, 646,000,000 cords. Canada
consumes, approximately, 3,000,000 cords of pulpwood
wood yearly, and exports 1,000,000 cords additional to the
United States.
EXPOETS (1920-21)— Paper, $92,103,307; chemical
pulp, $55,060,219; mechanically ground pulp, $16,491,818.
32
PULP AND PAPER -Continued
Total, $163,655,344. Imports — Paper (other than books and
printed matter), $13,636,399; pulp, $3,148,046.
PBODUCTION (1919 census)— Pulp: Ground-wood, 300,-
205 tons, $8.976,579; sulphite fibre, 124,550 tons, $9,839,172.
Totals, 788,753 tons, $48,127,177. Paper: Newsprint, 794,-
561 tons, $54,427,879; book and writing paper, 58,228 tons,
$12,571,000; wrapping, 58,697, $7,979,418; other paper
products, 40,065 tons,. $3,882,500; other products, $3,610,-
070; totals, 951,557 tons, $82,470,867.
Wood pulp produced, 1920, 1,960,102 tons, valued at
$141,552,862; 2,777,422 cords of pulpwood used, at cost of
$45,404,889.
MAXIMUM PRODUCTIVE CAPACITY— Wood pulp—
Ground-wood, 407,300 tons; sulphite, all grades, 469,096
tons; kraft, 148,400 tons; total, 1,024,796 tons. Paper-
Newsprint, 1,000,000 tons; fine papers, 58,228 tons; wrap-
pings, 58,697 tons; boards, 137,678 tons; other papers, 40,-
065 tons; total, 1,294,668. Total annual maximum tonnage
capacity, 2,319,464 tons.
MILLS IN OPERATION— 1920 : 100, comprising 40
pulp mills, 27 pulp and paper mills and 33 paper mills,
distributed as follows: British Columbia — 4 pulp mills, 2
pulp and paper mills; total, 6. Ontario — 7 pulp mills, 1-1
pulp and paper mills, 17 paper mills; total, 37. Quebec —
LS pulp mills, 12 pulp and paper mills, 16 paper mills; total
46. New Brunswick — 5 pulp mills. Nova Scotia — 6 pulp
mills. CAPITAL INVESTED— $347,553,333 ; distributed
by provinces as follows: British Columbia, $36,782,030; On-
tr rio, $109,169,591; Quebec, $176,347,349; New Brunswick,
il 9,306,351; Nova Scotia, $5,948,012.
FUR INDUSTRY.
FUR TRADE — Canada's resource in fur-bearing animals
is becoming increasingly important — 3,000,000 pelts, worth
over $20,000,000, were taken in 1919-20.
FUR FARMS.— One of the most recent of Canadian indus-
tries, carried on in every province. Canada had, 1920, 587
fur farms, mostly fox, more than half in P.E.I. Value of
land and buildings, $1,202,591; value of 16,527 fur-bearing
animals, $4,722,905. First fur auction, in Montreal, 1920,
realized over $1,000,000. Fur exports increased from
$1,800,000 in 1915 to $13,800,000 in 1919. "Persian" lamb
fur is now produced in Canada, from Karakul sheep.
Canada's first reindeer ranch has been started on Baffin
Island under directorship of V. Stefannson. Lapps will be
used.
39
IMMIGRATION.
ARRIVALS, 1913-1921.
Fiscal Year
Ending March 31,
British.
'13-. 150,542
From Other
U.S.A. Countries. Total
112,881 402,432
139,009
1914 142,622 107,530 134,726 384,878
1915 43,276 59,779 41,734 144,789
1916 8,664 36,937 2,936 48,537
61,389
71,314
40,715
49,656
48,059
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
5,703
4,582
7,073
8,377
26,156
75,374
79,074
57,702
117,336
148,477
8,282
3,178
9,194
59,603
74,262
ESTIMATED IMMIGRATION — 1921-22, 100,000.
TOTAL IMMIGRATION, 1900 to 1921, 3,576,311, viz.,
1,323,531 were British; United States, 1,366,508; Conti-
nental, 887,272; 57 countries represented.
DISTRIBUTION, 1920-21: To Ontario, 61,963; to Que-
bec, 19,813 ; to Manitoba, 13,013 ; to Saskatchewan, 13,643 ;
to Alberta, 18,484; to British Columbia, 14,136; to Mari-
time Provinces, 6,315; to Yukon, 105. They came from 64
different countries. 98,636 of the total entered by way of
ocean ports.
U. S. IMMIGRATION INTO CANADA— In last 25
years, 1,398,527 entered Canada from U. S. 16,177 of 1920
U. S. immigrants declared intention of going on the land.
They brought with them an average of $372, or total of
nearly $6,000,000.
REJECTIONS.— In 10-year period, 1911-21, of total of
1,064,738 immigrants of all nationalities entering Canada
via ocean ports, only one-half of one per cent., or 6,646,
were rejected. Of the 638,464 British arrivals, only 1,115
were rejected, or 17-100ths of one per cent. — a striking
tribute to the high quality attracted to Canada. Rejec-
tions at ocean ports, 1920, 21,953; deportations after hav-
ing been admitted, 1,044.
NATURALIZATION— 1920-21: 10,507, representing 42
nationalities, including 3,953 Americans, 1,697 Poles, 1,505
Russians, 577 Roumanians, 443 Swedes, 357 Norwegians,
214 Germans, 213 Italians, 212 Greeks, and smaller num-
bers "from 33 other countries.
JUVENILE IMMIGRATION— 1920-21, 1,426, viz.: 1,080
boys, 346 girls, from 11 British societies or agencies.
19,841 applications were received for them. The Depart-
34
ment of Immigration and Colonization has 1,665 under
inspection in Canada.
BAENAEDO BOYS.— 25,000 have been sent to Canada
from England, worth $125,000,000 on a valuation of $5,000
each. 6,000 of them enlisted in the war; 531 killed.
ORIENTALS.— 2,435 Chinese entered Canada 1920-21
885 paying head tax of $500 and 1,550 exempt. Total
entered, in 9 years, 1912-13 to 1920-21, 22,777 ; 19,763 pay-
ing head tax of $10,361,072; 3,014 exempt. Estimated
Chinese in Canada, 40,000.
Japanese arrivals, 1920-21, 532 ; average for 10 years pre-
ceding, 719. 107 Hindoos arrived in 10 years.
INDIANS.
INDIAN FACTS.— Indian population, 105,998, on 1,625
reserves; 38,101 buildings on same. More than 4,000 enlisted
in the War out of 15,000 of military age. Indian donations
in cash to war funds, $44,545. 339 Indian schools have
enrolment of 12,196 pupils. Eskimos, 3,296.
LANDS UNDEK CROP.— 221,800 acres by Indians. Pro-
duced, 1920-21, over two million bushels of grain and roots.
Production value, $3,577,000. Indian reserve lands worth
$52,000,000) buildings, $5,100,000. Value per capita of
Indians' real and persoiial property, $682. Indian trust
fund, $11,458,660.
INSURANCE.
The following figures late to the insurance business of
companies licensed by the Dominion Government:
PIEE — 152 companies (43 Canadian, 46 British, 63 for-
eign). Policies, new and renewed, taken in 1920, $6,790,-
670,610, viz.: Canadian companies, $1,500,412,316; British,
$2,991,753,701; foreign, $2;298,504,593. Net premiums,
$50,527,937. Let losses paid, $21,935,387. Net amount at
risk, 1920, $5,969.872,278. Net premiums received (1869-
1920), $608,488,906. Losses paid, $346,595,041.
LIFE — 56 cofpanies (25 Canadian, 15 British and Colon-
ial, 16 foreign). Policies taken in 1920 made a record,
$630,110,900, viz.: Canadian, $387,519,766; British,
$14,976,038; foreign, $227,615,096. Net claims paid,
$25,718,078.
Total life insurance in effect, $2,657,025,493, viz.: Cana-
dian companies, $1,664,348,605; foreign, $915,793.,798; Brit-
ish, $76,883,090. Premium income: Canadian, $57,205,082;
foreign, $30,236,866; British, $2,776,099.
Insurance other than fire and life: Premiums, $22,927,-
620.
35
INSURANCE-Con
The total assets of Canadian Life Insurance Companies
amounted at Dec. 31, 1920, to $420,018,399, and the assets
in Canada of British and Colonial and Foreign Insurance
Companies to $166,593,889. Fraternal Benefit Societies
have assets amounting to $57,052,508.
FRATERNAL BENEFIT SOCIETIES— Canadian Soci-
eties— Premiums paid by members, $2,691,826. Death
benefits paid, $1,847,591; matured endowments, old age and
other benefits paid, $876,134. Amount in force at Dec. 31,
1920, $137,057,828. Sickness and funeral premiums,
$467,410. Claims paid, $450,349.
Foreign Societies — Premiums paid by members, $1,044,-
996. Death benefits paid, $900,493; matured endowments,
old age and other benefits paid, $28,606. Amount in force
Dec. 31, 1920, $65,700,477. Sickness and funeral premiums,
$39,317. Claims paid, $37,867.
FIRE LOSSES— In the year 1921 there were 19/473
fires reported to the Department of Insurance, with a total
loss of approximately $31,480,570. On the basis of an
estimated population of 9,000,000 persons, this amounts to
$3.50 per capita, or nearly $14 per family. In Great
Britain, fire losses in 1921 amounted to $37,000,000, or 74c
per capita.
IRRIGATION.
WATER SUPPLY PROJECTS— 325 domestic, municipal
and other water supply projects have been constructed, or
are now under construction, with 350 industrial projects,
chiefly railway water supplies. In addition, 650 small irri-
gation projects have been constructed, irrigating 105,388
acrer
C. P. R. SYSTEMS— 4,200 miles of irrigation ditches;
irrigated area of 743,520 acres, developed at cost of over
$17,000,000, subdivided as follows: Western section: Area
irrigated, 223526 acres; miles of ditches, 1,500; cost, $4,-
599,209.00. Eastern Section: Area irrigated, 400,000 acres;
ditches, 2,500 miles, cost, $10,092,500.00. Lethbridge Sec-
tion: Area irrigated, 130,000 acres; ditches, 200 miles; cost,
$1,754,150.00.
LABOR.
ORGANIZED LABOR in Canada had, at end of 1920,
373,842 members, out of 600,000 Canadian workers, 267,247
being affiliated with international organizations.
TRADES AND LABOR CONGRESS membership, as
reported at the close of the fiscal year 1920, stood at 173,463,
comprised in 1,939 local branch unions. Of the total mem-
LABOR-Con.
bership, 150,318 were derived from 56 international organ-
izations, which had affiliated their total Canadian member-
ship, comprised in 1,669 local branches.
GOVEENMENT EMPLOYMENT OFFICES made
420,036 placements, fiscal year 1920-21 (340,297 to perma- -
nent positions), at cost of $467,000.
BEANCH UNIONS.— Canada had at end of 1920, 2,918
branch unions of all classes, increase of 71 in year, 2,455
having international affiliation, with 267,247 members; 259
non-international, with 25,406 members; 30 independent
units, with 31,189 members; National and Catholic, 124
branches, with 45,000 members; and One Big Union units,
50, with 5,000 members.
STRIKES AND SETTLEMENTS.— Canada had, during
the calendar year 1920, 285 strikes and lockouts. These dis-
putes involved approximately 1,272 employers and 52,150
employees, resulting in time less of 886,754 working days.
Of total of 285, 66 were settled in favor of employees, 125
in favor of employers, 69 were compromise settlements, 25
were indefinite or unterminated at end of fiscal year.
LIVE STOCK.
1918. 1919. 1920. 1921.
Horses 3,609,257 3,667,369 3,400,352 3,813,921
Milch cows 3,538,600 3,548,437 3,504,692 3,736,832
Other cattle . . . 6,507,267 6,536,574 6,067,504 6,469,373
Sheep 3,052,748 3,421,958 3,720,783 3,675,860
Swine 4,289,682 4,040,070 3,516,678 3,904,895
NUMBEE AND VALUE.— Total live stock, as on June
15, 1920, 20,210,009, worth $1,041.246,000, viz., 3,400,352
horses, worth $361,328,000; 9,572,196 cattle, worth $561,-
500,000; 3,720,783 sheep, worth $37,263,000; 3,516,678 swine,
$30,683,000. Poultry, 1921, 37,182,117.
EXPOETS. — Animals and their products, 1920-1, $266,-
037,489.
LIVE CATTLE SHIPMENTS.— 1919, 546,490; 1920,
315,179, chiefly to U.S.
DEAD MEAT INDUSTEY.— Canada had, 1919, 82 meat-
packing plants and abattoirs. Capital, $93,363,791 ; em-
ployees, 13,222; production value, $229,231,000.
FAEM POULTEY.— 1920 : worth $37,016,000, viz., turkeys,
$3,225,000; geese, $2,131,100; ducks, $976,900; other fowls,
worth $81,155,000.
37
MANUFACTURING : CHIEF INDUSTRIES.
Industry.
Establish-
ments.
No.
Flour & grst mill protlus. 1,255
Slaughtering & meat pkg. 82
Log products 3,410
Pulp and paper 99
Butter and cheese 3,258
Sugar, refined 8
Building & construction. 1,475
Capital.
76,411,423
93,363,791
231,203,247
275,767,364
21,959,213
38,725,542
45,011,116
Eoll'g mills & steel furn's 41 88,106,635
Shipbuilding and repairs 78 70,854,028
Cottons 27 58,732,941
Fdry. & mach. shop prod. 731 100,606,542
Automobiles 11 34,949,739
Boots and shoes 161 38,680,581
Cars and car works 10 59,070,604
Electric light and power 805 416,512,010
Bubber gds., inch fottw'r 32 42,787,594
Car repair shops 152
Bread & oth. bak'ry prod. 1,690 22,558,093
Biscuits and confection'y 325 28,908,317
Smelting 14 66,038,681
Clothing, men's factory. 145 27,293,401
Plumb'g, heat'g, tinsmth. 1,963 31,258,215
Leather, tanned, etc. ... 113 34,623,567
Tobacco, cigars, cig'ttes 114 24,749,250
Hosiery and knit goods. . 114 34,149,593
Clothing, wom's factory. 231 23,343,671
Petroleum 10 43,158,655
Printing and publishing. 858 35,886,918
Agricultural implements. 88 84.331,715
Lumber products ". 733 39,144,039
Electrical apparatus 95 45,956,399
Fish, preserved 928 23,200,874
Woolen goods 77 21,717,226.
Printing and bookbinding 640 22,099,455
Furniture & uphol'd gods. 270 24,400,099
Pig iron 9 35,766,836
Boilers and engines 64 31,277,375
Clothing, men's custom.. 1,523 11,335,745
Furnishing goods, men's. 88 15,087,269
Hats, caps and furs 208 14,553,814
Products.
$
262,786,759
233,936,913
222,652,070
139,986,457
119,316,569
102,630,086
94,495,222
89,229,144
86,489,715
82,642,949
81,710.215
80,619,846
63,579,035
59,962,319
57,486,458
56,003,434
52,245,570
52,318,484
52,238,131
51,626,816
47,780,306
47,009,238
46,925,933
46,133,303
45,207,292
44,381.117
43,256',317
40,153,814
37,715.331
37,074,414
34,187,658
32,172.753
28,082,977
26,176,133
25,16^.305
24,965,092
24,708,143
22,718,620
21,236,715
20,790,334
Totals for 40 industries. 21,935 2,433,581,577 2,737,797,985
Totals for all industries. 38,344 3,230,686,368 3,520,724,039
38
MANUFACTURING.
PEINCIPAL STATISTICS OF INDUSTEY.
1919 1918 Increase or
Statistics. (Preliminary) Decrease.
Establish., No... 38,344 35,915 2,547
Capital invested.$3,230,686,368 $3,034,301,915 $196,384,453
Emp. on Sal., No. 88,316 75,221 13,095
Salaries paid 130,855,202 107,573,074 23,282,128
Emp. on wgs.,No. 593,184 603,116 9,932
Wages paid .... 558,579,217 522,287,570 36,291,647
Cost of M'tls... 1,875,577,799 1,900,252,314 24,674,515
Value of prod's. 3,520,724,039 3,458,036,975 62,687,064
CAPITAL AND PRODUCTS BY PEOVINCES, J918.
Establish
Provinces. ments.
CANADA 38,344
Capital.
$3,230,686,368
66,673,667
268,419,281
111,535,665
89,958,882
131,914,231
1,583,161,271
2,867,035
936,712,125
35,869,588
3,574,623
Value of
Products.
$3,520,724,039
94,855,759
243,060,276
153,003,614
100,005,605
140,125,095
1,737,536,546
6,869,584
988,574,723
59,752,486
189,144
Alberta 1,379
British Columbia . . 2,064
Manitoba 1,622
Neww Brunswick . . 1,439
Nova Scotia ..I... 2,249
Ontario 16,438
Prince Edw. Isld.. . 539
Quebec 11,061
Saskatchewan .... 1,534
Yukon 19
CANADIAN MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION has
4,252 members; 740 west of the Great Lakes. Ontario leads
with 2,256, or more than half; Quebec, 980; Maritimes, 276.
AMERICAN BEANCH FACTORIES IN CANADA—
Estimated at 550, employing 90,000; invested capital,
$400,000,000. Originally their number was between 650
and 700, but many are now controlled by Canadians, and
represent only Canadian capital.
MARINE AND CANAL.
CANADA AS A MAEITIME NATION— Canada ranks
seventh among maritime nations; thirteenth in 1916; third
70 years ago. Employs over 44,000 men and boys.
CANADIAN GOVERNMENT MEECHANT MAEINE—
66 ships in the service, operating between Canada and
all the great world ports.
CANAL SYSTEMS— Canada has 17 canal systems of 458
miles, with 158 locks. The 100 miles of actual canals cost
over 100 millions.
CANAL TEAFFIC, 1920.— 8,735,383 tons of freight (de-
crease of 1,259,883 over 1919). 46.87 per cent, was of
Canadian origin ; 53.13 United States.
MARINE AND OANAL— Con.
CANADA'S FLEET— 8,573 vessels; part steam, part
sailing. Tonnage, 1,498,431 gross. New tonnage built in
1919, 127,938.
WELLAND CANAL— New Welland Ship Canal (third con-
necting Lakes Erie and Ontario) will be 25 milesjong, with
7 locks, for vessels 800 feet long, and 80 feet wide, and
carrying 30 feet of water — an undertaking second only to
the Panama Canal. 1921 tonnage, 3,076,906 in 3,750 boats.
WATEB TRANSPORTATION— Deep-sea vessels can
travel into the heart of Canada for over 2,000 miles from
the Gulf of St. Lawrence to the head of Lake Superior.
Boats drawing 30 feet of water can cover the first 1,000
miles to Montreal, while those drawing 14 feet and not" ex-
ceeding 255 feet in length can go for another 1,200 miles.
SAULT STE. MAEIE CANAL LOCK is one of the great
canal locks in the world, being 800 feet long, 60, feet wide,
depth of water 21 feet. Tonnage passed through all Sault
canal locks, 1919, was four times greater than Suez.
CANADA'S NEW NAVY— Presented by Great Britain,
consists of the cruiser Aurora, and two destroyers, the
Patriot and Patricia.
SHIP AND BOAT BUILDING INDUSTRY, 1919—78
shipbuilding plants ; capital, $70,854,028 ; employees, 25,429 ;
wages and salaries, $29,836,848. Production value, $86,-
489,713; 229 vessels completed or in course of construction,
gross tonnage, 236,034. 99 boat-building plants; capital,
$1,260,663; employees, 834; wages and salaries, $920,441.
Production value, $1,964,423.
NEW TONNAGE IN 1920— Gross tonnage built in 1920
was 204,635 tons, representing 351 vessels of one kind and
another. Vessels built and registered in Canada during
1920 numbered 329, of which 121 were sailing vessels, 53
wooden steam vessels, 119 wooden gas vessels, 35 steam
metal vessels and one gas metal vessel. Steam metal vessels
accounted for 120,127 tons; wooden sailing vessels, 22,758;
steam wooden vessels, 12,829 tons; gas wooden vessels, 3,495
tons; gas metal vessels, 116 tons — a total of 159,325 gas
tons.
NAVY SCHOOL.— Canada has established "His Ma-
jesty's Canadian Youths' Training Establishment" for tha
training of boys for rating in the Canadian Navy — the first
school of its kind in Canada.
40
QUANTITIES AN]
DUCED IN CAN./
1920.
Description.
Chief Metallic.
Cobalt, Ib
Copper, Ib
MININC
D VALUES
LDA, CALEN
1919.
Value.
$ 1,325,928
14,028,265
15,850,423
899,406
3,053,037
17,817,953
17,802,474
2,362,448
3.
OF MINEEALS PBO-
DAE YEAES 1919 AND
1920.
Quantity. Value.
593,920 $ 1,484,800
81,155,360 14,166,479
766,912 15,853,478
75,869 2,066,997
33,985,974 3,803,346'
61,136,493 24,454,597
12,793,541 12,908,683
40,166,200 3,081,149
Gold, fine, oz
Iron, pig, from
Can. ore, ton
Lead, Ib
Nickel Ib
Silver, fine
Zinc
Total . . ./....
Chief Non-Metallic
Arsenic, tons
Asbestos, tons
73,262,793
509,924
10,909,452 •
65,917
54,413,349
86,231
97,837
100 221
60,516
1,215,287
328,465
273,788
4,176,037
6,561
736,324
522,704
527,635
1,397,929
2,408
167,731
20,956
16,623,598
36,856
11,229
2,227
2,319
429,144
13,378
2,150
16,961,284
3,900
196,937
174,744
127,995
210,211
77,236,370
313,575
13,677,841
57,601
76,32«,853
274,075
260,4-46
173,537
78,136
1,876,595
512,756
368,297
4,225,887
15,600
821,545
751,009
466,621
1,547,879
Asbestic, tons
Coal
Feldspar, tons
Fluorspar, tons
Graphite, tons
Grindstones, tons . .
Gypsum, tons
Magnesite, ton.-
Mica, tons
Nat. Gas, M. cu. ft.
Peat, tons
Petroleum, brl
Pyrites, ton
Quart/, ton
Salt, ton
Total value
Structural Materials
Clay Products . ...
$76,002,087
and
27,421,570
$102,353,862
38,184,848
Grand Total $176,686,390 $217,775,080
CANADA'S MINEEAL WEALTH.— Canada is one of
the richest countries in the world in her latent mineral
wealth, nature having with bountiful hand made these gifts
of a wide diversity, only as yet slightly explored, compris-
ing almost all known minerals.
41
MINING-Con.
EECOED YEAR. — 1920 production was highest on re-
cord— 23.3 per cent, over 1919 — was due to non-metallic
development.
GENERAL MINING FACTS.— Canada produces 85 per
cent, of the world's nickel requirements; 30 per cent, of
output refined in Canada. The Kimberley, B.C., zinc-lead
mine is one of most important in world. Canada possesses
the only commercial source of helium in the Empire. Per
capita mining production, 1888, $2.67; 1918, $24.59.
MINERAL PRODUCTION BY PROVINCES, 1920.—
Ontario, $78,749,178 (36.16 per cent.); British Columbia,
$38,044,916 (17.41 p.c.) ; Alberta, $33,721,898 (15.49 p.c.) ;
Nova Scotia, $30,187,533 (13.86 p.e.) ; Quebec, $27,722,502
(12.73 p.m.); Manitoba, $3,900,207; New Brunswick,
$2,225,261; Saskatchewan, $1,711,580; Yukon, $1,512,006.
CANADA PRODUCES, with only 5 per cent, of the
world's population, 90 per cent, of its cobalt; 88 per cent.
of its asbestos; 85 per cent, of its nickel; 32 per cent, of
its pulpwood; 20 per cent, of its lumber; 20 per cent, of its
cured fish; 18 per cent, of its oats; 15 per cent, of its
potatoes; 12 per cent, of its silver; 11% per cent of its
wheat; 11 per cent, of its barley; 4 per cent, of its gold;
4. per cent, of its copper.
COAL FACTS. — Canada has vast coal reserves of 1,360,-
535,000,000 tons (1910 estimate)— second country in point
of supply. Canada has the only two coal regions on sea
coasts of North America. The bituminous coal of Nova
Scotia is estimated to last 700 years; that of Vancouver
Island has been successfully operated since 1860. Canada's
coal production, 1920, highest on record. Coal constitutes
the greater portion of mineral production of Nova Scotia,
Saskatchewan and Alberta. Canada imported 14,481,844
tons of bituminous coal from U. S. in 1920.
COAL PRODUCTION, 1920, 19 per cent, increase over
1919. Alberta led with 6,700,000 tons (64 p.c.); Nova
Scotia, second, with 6,500,000 tons (37.8 p.c.) Imports,
1920, 20,000,000 tons, worth $83,000,00; exports, 2,670,000
tons, worth $18,800,000. Total coal consumption, 1920,
33,807,966 tons.
PETROLEUM.— 10 refineries in Canada, 1918. Capital,
$35,745,410. Wage-earners, 2,938. Production value, $37,-
866,907. Used 262,641,149 gallons crude oil; 250,882,965
imported; 12,258,184 from Canadian wells — all worth $2o,-
708,658. Extensive oil drilling, in the Arctic region, gives
promise of a future important development. World pro-
duction, 1920, 694,850,000 bbls., 197,000 in Canada.
42
NATIONAL PARKS.
AREA. — Canada lias 15 national parks, with area of
9,099 sq. miles, or nearly 6,000,000 acres, including some
of the largest in the world.
ALBERTA.— Rocky Mountains Park, 2,751 sq. miles;
Jasper Park, 4,400 sq. miles; Buffalo Park, 158 sq. miles;
Waterton Lakes Park, 129 sq. miles; Elk Island Park, 16
sq. miles; Foremost Antelope Park, 9 sq. miles.
BRITISH COLUMBIA. — Yoho Park, 476 sq. miles; Glac-
ier Park, 468 sq. miles; Revelstoke Park, 100 sq. miles; Koo-
tenay Park, 587 sq. miles.
NEW BRUNSWICK.— Fort Howe, 19 acres. NOVA
SCOTIA.— Fort Anne, 30 acres.
ONTARIO. — St. Lawrence Islands Parks, 140 acres; Point
Pelee Park, 4 sq. miles; Border Park, 17.
There are in addition several Provincial Parks, and
35,000 square miles of Dominion Forest Reserves.
POST OFFICES.
NUMBER.— Canada had 12,251 post offices on Manch 31,
1920; only 3,638 in 1867. 187 new post offices were opened
in 1920, and 226 closed owing to rural delivery extension.
FINANCIAL. — Postage stamps and cards sold, 1920,
$26,317,194; 5,106 money order offices issued $159.224,936 in
9,947,017 orders; 5,830,118 postal notes paid of $12,122,720.
RURAL MAIL DELIVERY.— Canada had, end of 1920,
3,737 rural mail delivery routes, serving 189,081 rural mail
boxes.
REVENUE.— Revenue (including war tax), 1919-20,
$24,449,916; expenditure, $20,774,385.
P.O. SAVINGS BANKS.— Balance at credit of depositor*,
March 31, 1921, $29,010,610; in government savings banks,
$10,150,353.
ANNUITIES.— Number in force, Dec., 1921, 5,203; total
receipts, $5,332,031.
ELEOTRIO RAILWAYS.
ELECTRIC RAILWAYS— 1920, 66 lines reported 1,669
miles of road. Capitalization, $170,826,404. 17341 em-
ployees; wages, $24,235,932. Fare passengers carried,
804,711,333; 2,691,150 tons of freight carried. Operating
revenue, $47,047,246; operating expenses, $37,242,483; net
surplus, $9,804,762. After paying taxes, interest, divi-
dends, etc., deficit of $2,421,286. 41 railways showed
deficits, and 25 surpluses.
43
CANADA'S NINE PROVINCES
ALBERTA.
AGRICULTURE FACTS— Alberta has 1 college of agri-
culture, 9 provincial demonstration farms, 104 fairs and
exhibitions held, 1920; 271 schools competed in school
fairs; 290 Women's Institutes have 14,500 members. More
than 200 exhibits of grain, grasses, clovers and alfalfa
from Alberta, from, seed grown from the International
boundaries as far north as the Peace River country, sent
to the International Grain and Hay Show at Chicago.
AREA — "Three provinces in one," Southern, Central and
Northern. 255,584 square miles, or 7 per cent, of Canada's
area. Double the size of the British Isles; larger than
Germany or France, and as large as Montana, N. Dakota
and Minnesota. 82,000,000 acres can be converted to
profitable agriculture.
BANKING— Only 5 banks in 1891; 431 in 1920.
BUFFALO — Alberta has the world's largest herd, over
5,000 in Government Park.
CLIMATE — 1918, min., 43.0; max., 9-1.0; mean sunshine,
15 years, 36.7.
COAL — Alberta is the "Coal Bin of Canada," containing
14 per cent, of all the coal reserves of the world, and about
87 per cent, of the coal deposits of Canada. Total reserve
estimated at 1,059,9*0,000,000 tons. Alberta's coal pro-
duction, 1920, 6,908,923 tons, or 41 per cent, of total out-
put, leading all provinces. Value, from 288 mines, $27,000,-
000. 12,000 employed.
DIARYING — Total value of products, over $30,000,000.
including 55 dairy factories; capital, $2,425,047; value of
products, $8,838,298; butter, $6,555,509.
DOMINION PARKS— Alberta has 7 of the Dominion
Parks, with 4,358,940 acres — largest in the world. 4 Do-
minion Forest Reserves of 18,929 sq. m.
EDUCATION— 1919, 4,902 elementary and secondary
school teachers, 121,567 pupils.
ELEVATORS— 900; capacity, nearly 40,000,000 bush.
FIELD CROP YIELD— 1921 (Dom. final estimate),
140,750,000 bush. (215,437,000 in 1919), viz., wheat,
53,044,000; oats, 64,192,000; barley, 11.057,000; rye,
1.999,000; flaxseed, 171,000. 1921 wheat never graded'so
high. 10-year average yields: Spring wheat, 20.34 bush.;
winter wheat, 22,61; oats, 37.65; barley, 26,81; rye, 24.48.
FIELD CROP VALUE— 1921 (Dom. final estimate),
44
ALBERTA— Con.
$82,781,000, chief items being wheat, $40,756,000; oats,
$15,406,000; grain hay, $11,335,000; hay and clover,
$4,549,000; potatoes, $4,072,000; barley, $3,730,000. 1920
value, $204,291,500; 1919, $158,044,400.
FINANCIAL— Provincial receipts (1920), $10,919,776;
expenditures, $10,423,356; assets, $165,415,377; net debt,
$34,375,205.
INDUSTRIES— 1919 (preliminary survey), 1,379 estab-
lishments; capital, $66,673,667; employees on wages.
10,755; wages, $11,765,069; value of products, $94,855,759.'
IRRIGATION — Stfe under "Irrigation."
MINERAL PRODUCTION— 1920 (census), $33,721,898
(15.49 per cent, of all Canada).
LAND— Only 12,964,729 acres of the 82,810,400 arable
land under cultivation.
LIVE STOCK— On June 15, 1921, 916,110 horses, 1,859,-
202 cattle, 523,599 sheep, 574,318 swine. Every animal
sent to the Chicago Live Stock Show, 1921, wont a prize.
LUMBER INDUSTRY— 1919, capital, $649,064; 34
plants; value of products, $1,393,183.
MUNICIPALITIES— CITIES— Calgary, 63,117; Ed-
monton, 58,247; Lethbridge, 11,055; Medicine Hat, 9,575;
Red Deer, 2,323; Wetaskiwin, 2,156. 51 towns, 108 villages,
168 municipal districts.
NATURAL RESOURCES— Gold, Iron, gypsum, salt, sul-
phur, tar sands and petroleum are found in Northern
Alberta and the Peace River country.
POPULATION— 1911, 374,663; 1916, 496,525; 1921,
581,915; increase of 55 p.c. in 10 vears.
RAILWAYS— Mileage, 4,273. Increase of 3,500 since
1905. R.R. guarantees, $45,000,000.
TELEPHONES — 31 companies; wire mileage, 176,323;
49,338 phones (1920 census).
TRADE— Imports, 1920-21, $24,227,312. Exports, $1,223,-
257; duties, $4,146,991.
WATER-POWERS — 475,281 estimated horse-power; only
32,492 installed.
The Last Great West of Canada, viz., the Peace River
country, is being rapidly opened up. It is approximately
274 by 300 miles, in Alberta and British Columbia. Thou-
sands of homesteads are open for settlement. It has 45,-
000,000 acres of arable land, and 35 per cent, of it is
ready for the plow. Excellent hard wheat is grown. It is
the last of the best free land left to the Anglo-Saxon race
in the world.
45
BRITISH COLUMBIA.
AREA — 395,000 square miles, or 10 per cent, of all Can-
ada. Equal in area to three United Kingdoms; larger than
Italy, Switzerland and France; larger than Washington,
Oregon and California combined. Mountain region equal
to 25 Switzerlands.
COAL — Estimated resources, 73,894,942,000 metric tons.
Production, 1919, 2,408,948 long tons. Vancouver Island
share, 1,699,348 tons. Production, 1920, 2,5,50,000 tons, or
18 p.c. of all Canada.
DAIRYING — 25 creameries; capital, $219,403. Products
of dairy factories, 1920, $5,549,245.
EDUCATION— 71,955 school pupils, 1919; 2,332 teachers.
FIELD CROPS VALUE— 1921 (Dom. final estimate),
$20,447,600; chief items being hay and clover, $7,478,000;
grain hay, $3,141,000; potatoes, $2,646,000; turnips, etc.,
$1,670,000; wheat, $1,435,000; oats, $1.571,000. 1920 value,
$27,017,500; 1919, $24,603,000.
FISHERIES— 1920, value, $22,329,161, or nearly half
of Canada's total. Plants valued at $15,000,000; *20,000
employed, 62 saluion canneries. 1921 salmon pack, 603,548
cases, worth $6,000,000.
FOREIGN INVESTMENTS.— U. S. more than $200,000,-
000; British capital more; 722 new companies incorporated
in 1920.
FRUIT-GROWING— 4,000 growers have $35,000,000 in-
vested. 1921 output largest on record. Apple yield,
1,009,000 bush., second in Canada. 45 fruit and vegetable
canning and packing plants.
HISTORY — Vancouver Island made a British Colony in
1849. British Columbia formed by Imperial edict, in 1858;
the two colonies united in 1866 as British Columbia, which
became a province of the Dominion in 1871.
INDUSTRIES— 1919 preliminary survey: 2,064 estab-
lishments; capital, $268,419,281; employees on wages,
44,387; wages, $52,089,792; value of products, $243,060,276.
LAND — 15,000,000 acres fit for successful agriculture.
LIVE STOCK— 44,070 horses, 249,588 cattle, 46,473
sheep, 44,101 swine, 1,340,082 poultry.
LUMBER INDUSTRY— 1919, capital, 258 plants,
$59,341,040; value of products, $60,440,775; 567 logging
companies employ 11,250.
MINING— 1920 production, $38,044,915 (17.41 p.c.).
TRADE— 1920-21 imports, $81,615,288; exports $112,-
685,111; duties $11,941,004.
46
MANITOBA.
ABE A — 251,832 square miles. Larger than Holland, Bel
gium and Germany combined. Assessment, $554,000,000.
BANKING — 334 branches. Increasingnearly 100 a year.
DAIRYING — Productive value, 1920, $15,939,846. Over
53 creameries and cheese factories.
EDUCATION — 129,015 pupils enrolled in public schools;
3,700 teachers. 30,000 members Boys' and Girls' Clubs.
FIELD CEOPS VALUE— 1921 (Dom. final estimate),
$72,135,500, chief items being: Wheat, $35,539,000; oats,
$14,833,000; barley, $8,463,000; hay and clover, $4,921,000;
rye, $2,816,000; potatoes, $2,636,000; 55,000 farms.
FIELD CROPS VALUE— 1921 (preliminary estimate) —
$93,128,000, chief items, being: Wheat, $48,142,000; oats,
$19,837,000; barley, $9,983,000; hay and clover, $5,090,000;
rye, $3,713,000; potatoes, $2,853,000; 55,000 farms.
ELEVATORS— 700; capacity, 25,224,500 bushels.
GOOD ROADS — 4 years' programme of $4,000,000, Do-
minion contributing $1,000,000; $1,750,000 spent in 1921.
HISTORY— Manitoba first settled in 1812 by 125 Scotch
settlers, under Lord Selkirk, on grant of 116,000 square
miles. First province in the West; set up in 1870. First
of western provinces to join Confederation. Famous as the
home of world's standard wheat.
LAND — 25,000,000 acres fit for successful agriculture.
LIVE STOCK— 419,789 horses, 817,759 cattle, 131,361
sheep, 224,704 swine, 3,449,598 poultry.
FARMS— 55,184 in 1921; increase of 18 per cent, in 5
years. Total acreage, 1921, 7,463,735, 3,501,217 being in
wheat and 2,226,376 in oats.
INDUSTRIES— 1919 preliminary survey, 1,622 establish-
ments; capital, $111,535,665; employees on wages, 23,315;
wages, $24,311,147; value of products, $153,003,614.
POPULATION — Manitoba's population has increased
from 461,190 in 1911 to 613.008 in 1921, an increase
of 32,92 per cent., according to the census figures
just issued. The City of Winnipeg's population is now
178,364, 'compared with 136,035 in 19ll, an increase of
31.12 p.c. The City of St. Boniface increased from 7,843
in 1911, to 12,816 in 1921, an increase of 71.20 p.c. Brandon
increased from 13,839 in 1911 to 15,359 in 1921, an increase
of 10.99 p.c. Portage la Prairie increased from 5,892 in
1011 to 6,748 in 1921, an increase of 14.60 p.c.
RAILWAYS— 3,221 miles in 1916; 4,500 now.
TRADE— $148,000,000; duty. $11,395,328.
WATER-POWERS— Estimated at 3,270,491 horse-power;
only 83,447 installed.
47
MAR1TINE PROVINCES— NEW BRUNSWICK.
LAND — 10,000,000 acres fit for successful agriculture.
TIMBER PRODUCTION.— 1920, $26,713,403.
FIELD CROP VALUE.— 1921 (preliminary estimate),
$88,574,400; 1920, $112,733,850; 1919, $138,858,800.
MANUFACTURING — 1919, 4,227 establishments; capi-
tal, $224,740,148; employees on wages, 49,465; value of
products, $246,081,885.
POPULATION.— 1921 census: N.B., 388,092; N.S.,
524,579; P.E.I., 88,536; total of 1,002,207.
TELEPHONES.— 60,651 in Maritime Provinces; wire
mileage, 95,133; companies, 243.
INTRODUCTORY— New Brunswick is one of Canada's
oldest and richest provinces, famous for its lumber, fishing,
shipbuilding, coal mining, agriculture, hunting, etc.
AGRICULTURE — Production value of live stock pro-
ducts (including replacement of farm live stock, field
crops, vegetables, fruit and apiary products), exceeds
$60,000,000.
AREA— 27,985 square miles; 17,190,910,498 acres; 600
miles of coast line. Almost as large as Ireland.
CROWN LANDS — 12,000 square miles still in the Crown.
DAIRYING — 40 cheese factories and creameries. Pro-
duction value, nearly $1,000,000.
EDUCATION— 1,978 schools; 2,113 teachers; 72,988
pupils.
FIELD CROPS — Acreage sown to field crops, 1921:
Wheat, 28,028; oats, 284,728; potatoes, 74,875; hay, 694,497.
Total yields: Wheat, 441,400; oats, 6,905,400; potatoes,
16,192,000; hay, 625,000 tons. Value of field crops,
$38,051,400.
N.B. TOWNS.— Census figures, 1921: Bathurst, 3,311;
Campbellton, 5,569; Chatham, 4,489; Edmundston, 4,033;
Newcastle, 3,510; St. Stephen, 3,449; Sussex, 2,198; Wood-
stock, 3,377.
FINANCIAL— Assessed value all property, $130,000,000;
net funded debt, $20,683,236.
LIVE STOCK— (June, 1921), 69,958 horses; 295,446
cattle; 236,951 sheep; 89,837 swine; 943,405 poultry.
FISHERIES — Production, 1919, nearly $5,000,000.
LUMBERING— 250 mills. Invested capital of over
$25,000,000. Annual production, over $15,000,000. Crown
timber limits worth $50,000,000.
MANUFACTURING— 1919, 1,439 establishments: capi-
tal, $89,958,882; employees on wages, $15,877,355; value of
products, $100,005,605.
48
NOVA SCOTIA.
CANADA'S EASTERN GATEWAY. One of the oldest
provinces, rich in natural resources, yielding approximately
$200,000,000 a year.
AREA— 21,428 square miles— 21,068 land, 360 water.
5,000,000 acres :at for successful agriculture.
AREA UNDER CROP— 1921, 807,858 acres. Yield of
crops, 18,844,141 bushels.
COAL SUPPLY— Sufficient to last about 200 years. At
the present time the Dominion Coal Company of Nova
Scotia mines about 4,500,000 tons a year, of which 3,000,000
tons are consumed by the Dominion Steel Corporation, a
part of the same company. The company contemplates in-
creasing its output to 10,000,000 tons.
DAIRYING— Productive value, 1921, $10,727,708.
EDUCATIONAL— Nova Scotia supports 5 Universities
and a larger proportion of other educational institutions
than any other Province.
FIELD CROPS VALUE— 1921 (Census final estimate),
$29,556,400; chief terns being hay and clover, $17,749,000;
potatoes, $6,093,000; oats, $2,897,300. 1920 value, $47,-
846,550; 1919, $63,357,000.
FISHERIES— 1921 production value, $12,600,000.
FORESTS— 1921 production value, $10,325,000.
FRUIT— N. S. apple crop, 1921, 1,800,000 barrels— large
increase over 1920 crop.
INTERNATIONAL FISHING BOAT RACE— Won by
N. S. in 1921 in "The Bluenose".
LIVE STOCK— 1921, horses, 61,321; milch cows, 143,780;
other cattle, 78,230; sheep and lambs, 324,260; swine,
52,064; poultry, 740,744.
MANUFACTURING — 1919, 2,249 establishments; capi-
tal, $131,914,231; employees on wages, 25,800; value of
products, $139,206,696.
MINERAL PRODUCTION— 1920 value, $30,187,533; in-
crease of nearly $7,000,000 in year.
MINING— Mineral production, 1921: Coal, $31,200,000;
coke and by-products, $3,400,000; gold and other minerals,
$226,400; gypsum, limestone, etc., $2,500,000; building ma-
terials and clay products, $2,000,000; iron and steel pro-
ducts, $10,100,000. ,
NATURAL WEALTH — Nova Scotia is rich in natural
resources, its vast coal mines, its iron, gypsum, clay de-
posits, its immense fisheries and forests, orchards and farms
provide the wealth. Estimated yield 1921, $165,409,700.
RAILWAYS— 1,436 miles.
49
NOVA SCOTIA— Con.
POPULATION— 1921 census, 524,579, increase of 6.55
per cent, over 1911.
REVENUE— Estimated for fiscal year 1920-21, $4,529,-
058; expenditure, $4,521,654 — largest figures on record.
TOWNS — Population, census of 1921: Bridgewater
3,152 ; Dartmouth 7,904 ; Dominion 2,390 ; Glace Bay 16,992 ;
Inverness 2,952; Kentville 2,717; Liverpool 2,263; Lunen-
burg 2,786; New Waterford 5,613; Parrsboro 2,745; Pictou
3,112; Springhill 4,955; Stellarton 3,362; Trenton 2,837;
Westville 4,547; Windsor 3,589; Sydney City 22,527.
TOURIST — Nova Scotia is an ideal tourist laud, with
myriad scenic attractions.
WATEE-POWERS— Estimated, 300,000 h.p.
ONTARIO.
ANNUAL PRODUCT— (Ont. Govt. estimate, 1921),
$2,013,000,000, including value of farm products, minerals,
timber and manufactures.
AREA — 407,262 square miles. Three times as large as
British Isles, larger than France and one and a half times
as large as Texas; 1,000 miles east to west, 1,075 from north
to south. Over 230,000,000 acres of land, of which only
13,500,000 acres are under cultivation; 20,000,000 acres of
farm lands in New Ontario.
ACREAGE OF LAND— Over 230,000,000 acres; 55,000,-
000 acres fit for successful agriculture; only 15,000,000
cleared.
AUTOMOBILES— License fees, 1920, $1,990,933 ; $7,132,-
787 in 17 years. $48,801,000 invested, 1919, in manufactur-
ing autos.
BANKING— 1,412 branches; one-third of all Canada.
BUILDING— 1920, $108,120,000; 1921, estimated, $120,-
000,000 (40 per cent, of Canada's total. Building and gen-
eral construction, 1919, valued at $42,221,209; capital,
$22,357,947.
DAIRYING— 1,037 butter and cheese factories, 1920.
Total production, $75,926,248.
EDUCATION— 564,655 school pupils, 1919; teachers,
14,801 (male, 1,965; female, 12,836).
FIELD CROPS VALUE— 1921 (Census final estimate),
$256,003,400, chief items being hay and clover, $84,027,000;
oats, $33,774,000; fodder corn, $32,598,000; potatoes, $15,-
400,000; wheat, $16376,000. 1920 value $375,746,900; 1919,
$383,573,900.
50
ONTARIO-Oon.
FARMS AND VALUE— 175,000 farms in Ontario. Value
of farm lands, buildings, improvements and live stock,
$1,700,000,000.
FINANCIAL — Assessed value of taxable property, $2,-
054,212,000; gross funded debt, $165,186,900. Assets
(cash, sinking funds, buildings, Crown lands, water-powers,
etc.), $645,983,604.
"The credit of Ontario was never higher in the money
markets than at the present moment." — The Provincial
Treasurer.
FRUIT-GROWING— Annual production about $20,000,-
000. Ontario grows 75 per cent, of Canada's fruit.
HISTORY— First settled about 1784 by 10,000 United
Empire Loyalists! Ontario set apart, as the Province of
Upper Canada, in 1701, with Sir J. G. Simcoe as the first
Lieutenant-Governor. First Legislature in 1792.
HYDRO-ELECTRIC SYSTEM— (See under "Electrical
Development.")
LIVE STOCK— 1921, 6,229,985, viz.: Horses, 694,237;
cattle, 2,890,113; sheep, 1,081,828; swine 1,563,807; poultry,
11,458,206.
LUMBER INDUSTRY— 1919, capital, $59,199,886; 852
plants; employees, 73,111; wages, $60,999,020. Production,
$60,565,554.
ONTARIO'S WEALTH— Ontario is the wealthiest and
most populous Province in the Dominion of Canada. An
aboundance of water-powers, far-reaching transportation
facilities and a plentiful supply of raw materials have fos-
tered a steady expansion both industrially and commer-
cially. The value of the production of Ontario's farms,
mines, forests, fisheries and industries is over $2,000,000,000
annually, representing more than half the manufactured
products of the Dominion, 75 p.c. of the fruit and 39 p.c.
of Canada's field crops. 45 p.c. of mineral production and
half of cheese produced.
PULP AND PAPER— Invested, 1920, in 37 mills,
$109,169,591.
INDUSTRIAL— 1919 statistics: 16,438 establishments;
capital, $1,583,161,271; employees, 278,814; value of
products, $1,737,543,996.
MUNICIPAL STATISTICS— 903 municipalities and 10
districts; 553 townships, 150 villages, 139 towns, 23 cities,
38 counties.
51
Mines.
ONTARIO -Oon.
MINING — 1920. Preliminary report, Bureau of
Total production value, $68,456,781; increase of nearly $10,-
000,000 over 1919. Highest on record. Metallic, $46,228,827.
Chief Metals: Gold, $11,665,735; silver, $10,819,678; cop-
per in matte, $2,928,750; copper, $1,041,994; nickel, metal-
lic, $3,852,141; nickel oxide, $1,151,490; cobalt, metallic,
$392,926; cobalt oxide, $1.210,810: nickel in matte, $10,685,-
500.
Non-metallic, $22,227,954, including cement, Portia ml,
$4,377,814; natural gas, $3,450,000; clay products, $4,343,-
475; lime, $1,532,627; stone, $2,074,944; salt, $1,544,867.
GOLD MINING — Ontario mined more gold in 1920 than
ever in its history, viz.: $11,665,735. Its gold output is
increasing more rapidly than in any other part of the
Empire. Hollinger mine has produced over $40,000,000;
another $40,000,000 is in sight, with a third $40,000,000
probably in untouched ore bodies.
Ontario is the premier gold-producing province of Can-
ada, producing more than 75 p.c. of 1921. "The production
of gold in Ontario may be advanced to such a figure that
the performance of 1921 will look in retrospect like a small
beginning. — A. F. Bingham, Manager Hollinger Gold Mine .
Production now $11,000,000 a year.
POPULATION— Now one-third of all Canada. 1,620,851
in 1871. 1921, 2,929,034; 1911, 2,523,274; 1901, 2,182,947;
1891, 2,114,321. 1921 estimate, 2,929,054.
EAILW AYS— 11,000 miles, 767 electric. T. & N. O.
Eailway, owned by Province, 300 miles.
TELEPHONES — 1919, 599 companies; wire mileage,
747,893; No. of phones, 332,272, out of total of 778,758 in
all Canada.
TOBACCO — 1921 crop, 6,500,000 Ibs. in South-western
Ontario, Essex leading.
United Farmers of Ontario has 40,000 members in 1,318
clubs. Cash on hand, $28,652.
WATEE-POWEES— Estimated available, 4,950,300 h.p.;
installed, 1,052,048 h.p.
PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND
INTEODUCTOEY — Canada's smallest but richest prov-
ince, the Garden of the Gulf. Every acre tillable.
AEEA — 2,184 square miles, 1,397,991 acres. Twice as
many to the square mile as any other province.
EDUCATION — 476 public schools — more in relation to
size than any other province, one to every 4.6 square miles.
52
FRINGE EDWARD ISLAND-Oon.
FIELD CROP VALUE — 1921 (preliminary estimate),
$16,530,500; chief items being potatoes, $3,352,000; hay
and clover, $8,799,000; oats, $2,414,000. 1920 total value,
$18,530,400; 1919, $22,367,400. P. E. I. has over 14,000
farms.
FISHERIES— Production, 1919: Lobsters, $1,406,000;
other fish, $369,000. 181 lobster-canning establishments.
FOX INDUSTRY — P. E. I. Avon many prizes at the first
international live silver fox exhibition, Montreal, Nov., 1920.
P.E.I, has nearly 325 fox ranches (more than half in all
Canada) and 10,000 silver and black foxes. Value of fur-
bearing animals, $3,018,870. More than $1,000,000 worth of
silver fox pelts were exported in 1920, and $500,000 worth
of breeding stock.
LIVE STOCK— (Dominion Estimate) .—Horses, 35,567;
milch cows, 49,932; other cattle, 19,815; all cattle, 139,143;
sheep, 72,552; swine, 49,510; poultry, 624,713.
MANUFACTURING (1918)— 484 establishments. Capi-
tal, $2,886,662. Employees, 1,467. Salaries and wages,
$776,067. Value of products, $5,693,878.
POPULATION.— 1921 (census), 88,536; decrease of
5,192 in 10 years.
RAILWAYS— No part of P.E.I. is more than 10 miles
from railway, and three-fourths of its area is within 5 miles
of the rails. New car ferry shortens route from 45 to 9 miles.
QUEBEC
AGRICULTURE— Field crops, value, 1920, $330,251,000,
from 87,335,000 bushels of grain. Cultivated area is 15,-
081,057 acres, in 1921.
AREA — Canada's largest province, 706,834 square miles,
18 per cent, of Dominion; larger than 5 United Kingdoms.
BANKING— Quebec has 921 of the 4,050 bank branches
in Canada.
BIRTH RATE— Highest in Canada— 36.25 per 1,000
living.
BUILDINGS ERECTED— 5,823 in 1920, value $39,661,-
697.
CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS— 56 hospitals, materni-
ties and creches; 113 hospices, orphanages and asylums; 6
sanatoria and anti-tuberculosis dispensaries.
DAIRYING, 1920— Production value, $36,953,192; 634
butter factories, 813 cheese factories and 361 combined —
1,808 in all.
53
QUEBEC-Con
FIELD CROPS VALUE— 1921 (Dom. final esti-mate),
$219,054,000; chief items being: Hay and clover,
$121,945,000; potatoes, .$28,871,000; oats, $30,355,000; tur-
nips, etc., $6,774,000; fodder corn, $7,657,000. 1920 value,
$330,251,000; 1919, $309,963,000.
FINANCE— Ordinary receipts, 1920-21, $15,914,521;
expenditure, $14,684,088.
FISHERIES— Value of fish sold, 1919, $4,258,731.
FOEESTEY — Lands and forests revenue, 1920-21,
$3,567,188.
LIVE STOCK— Total, 1921, 4,350,003, viz., 406,959
horses; 2,052,504 cattle; 1,006,620 sheep; 883,920 swine.
MANUFACTUEING — 1919, 11,061 establishments; capi-
tal, $986,712,125; employees, 26,088; salaries and wages,
$189,732,521; value of products, $988,433,364.
MINING— 1920 production, $28,392,939, highest on
record, including asbestos and asbestic, $14,792,607 — 85 per
cent, of the world's total production; gold, $19,346;
silver, $58,032; copper, $98,854; cement, $6,545,053; gran-
ite, $494,372.
MpTOBS— Quebec had, 1920, 47,730 registered auto-
mobiles and motor trucks. •
POPULATION— 1901, 1,648,898; 1911, 2,003,232; 1920,
2,503,548; 1921 (census), 2,929,054.
PUBLIC INSTRUCTION— Government grant, $2,334,-
109; contributions of independent institutions and tax-
payers, $16,867,297. Together, $19,201,406. 7,859 schools,
1919-20, 18,504 teachers, 516,918 pupils. 6,772 Catholic and
817 Protestant schools.
PULPWOOD — Quebec leads provinces in pulpwood pro-
duction, more than half of all-Canadian total. Manufac-
tured 1,176,134 cords, worth $13,830,734; exported unmanu-
factured, 698,839 cords, worth $5,603,894. Total, $15,155,-
326. Lumber cut, 1918, $20,916,604.
EAILWAYS AND HIGHWAYS— 1920 : Steam, 5,011.89
miles; electric, 254.70 miles; land grants, 1,735,690 acres;
provincial cash subsidies (since 1874), $26,816,328. 35,939
miles of roads are under municipal control; 2,456 miles
macadamized, 2,847 graveled.
TEADE UNIONS— 1920, 442; membership, 58,947.
TEADE— 1920-21, $823,992,159, viz.: Imports, $362,495,-
158; exports, $461,497,001. Duties, $56,154,821.
TIMBEE PEODUCTION— 1920 (census), $61,493,919.
54
SASKATCHEWAN.
AREA — 251,700 sq. miles, or 161,088,000 acres. Twice
as large as the British Islands. As large in area as the
whole of France, Belgium and Holland -combined, or larger
than Germany, Denmark and Belgium.
AGRICULTURAL.— Saskatchewan is Canada's greatest
wheat-producing province. Wheat yield, 1921, 173,580,000
bush. (Prov. est.). In 1921, 57 per cent, of area sown to
spring wheat was on the fertile plains of Saskatchewan.
Oats leads Canadian production with 32 per cent., and flax,
72 per cent. Approximate total value of agricultural pro-
ducts, 1921, $416,471,194, viz.: Field crops, $250,965,379;
live stock, $131,365,815; dairy products, $20,000,000; wool
clip, $140,000; garden products, $2,000,000; game and furs,
$2,000,000; poultry and products, $10,000,000.
350 Agricultural Co-operative Associations in 1920, and
18,894 members. Turnover, $7,314,695.
AUTOMOBILES— 1920, 60,325, compared with 55,010 in
1919, and 46,880 in 1918. Number of motor vehicles in
1908 only 74.
BANKING— 597 branches in 1920; only a few in 1891.
BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION UNDERTAKEN
in 1920, $11,224,826.
DAIRYING— Dairy production, 1920, $23,455,774; in-
crease of $412,725 in year. Value of dairy cattle over
$40,000,000. 48 creameries in operation, represent invest-
ment of $2,175,000. 1921 total production, $18,234,617.
EDUCATION.— 4,460 Public Schools, 25 High Schools
and Collegiate Institutes. University of Saskatchewan with
an enrolment of 1,487 students.
ELEVATORS.— 2,186 at 769 stations; capacity, 75,-
867,000 bushels.
HISTORY— Part of North-West Territories until created
a province in 1905.
INCORPORATED COMPANIES— 280 in 1920; capital-
ization, $13,172,830.
LIVE STOCK— 948,280 horses and mules, 1,324,062 cattle,
160,918 sheep, 321,900 swine, 6,607,140 poultry. Saskatche-
wan leads Canada in horses.
MUNICIPALITIES — 302 organized municipalities. 245
vilages, 79 towns, 7 cities.
POPULATION— In 1905, 257,763; 1921 (eat.), 745,000.
RAILWAYS— 1,522 miles in 1905; 6,268 in 1920.
FIELD CROPS— 1921 (Dom. final estimate), 401,056,500
bush. (273,425,500 in 1920), viz.: wheat, 188,000,000; oats,
55
SASKATOHEWAN-Oon.
170,513,000; barley, 13,343,000; rye, 13,546,000; flaxseed,
3,230,000.
FIELD CROP 'VALUE— 1921 (Dom. final estimate),
$215,635,000, chief items being, wheat, $142,880,000; oats,
$40,372,000; rye, $9,080,000; flax, $4,443,000; potatoes,-
$5,172,000; hay and clover, $5,015,000. 1920 value,- $271,-
213,000; 1919, $340,029,800.
GROWTH — Saskatchewan's growth since becoming a
province in 1905 is illustrated in recently published figures.
In 1905 there were only three cities in the province, now
seven. Towns have increased from 16 to 78, organized vil-
lages from 68 to 337. Two municipalities have grown to
301.
INDUSTRIES— 1919 preliminary survey, 1,534 establish-
ments; capital, $35,869,588; employees on wages, 7,95;?;
wages, $9,226,936; value of products, $59,752,486.
AREA SOWN TO GRAIN— 1921, 21,57;;. <>8r, acres, viz.:
Wheat, 13,556,708 acres; oats, 5,681,522 acres; barley,
497,730 acres; flax, 426,849 acres. Total land under culti-
vation, 25,481,037 acres. 72,000,000 acres fit for successful
agriculture.
LUMBER INDUSTRY.— Capital invested, 1920, $1,
766,672.
MINING. — Clay: Total value of brick and tile manufac-
tured in 1920 was $300,000. Coal: 45 mines produced
MUNICIPALITIES. — 301 organized rural municipali-
.ties, 245 villages, 79 towns, 7 cities, in 1920.
TELEPHONES. — Government owns and operated 5,842
long-distance pole miles. 1,169 government aided rural
companies, having 58,265 subscribers and 53,702 miles of
lines.
VITAL STATISTICS 1919.
BIRTHS, MARRIAGES AND DEATHS.— Births, 247,219 ;
marriages, 80,472; deaths, 73,563.
PERCENTAGES, PER 1,000.— Dominion birth rate,
27.47; marriage rate, 8,94; death rate, 8.17. Quebec had
the highest birth rate, viz., 35.76. Excluding Quebec, New
Brunswick came next in birth rate. Ontario had highest
marriage rate, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia highest
death rates. British Columbia had lowest birth rate. Death
rates of B.C. and prairie provinces much lower than eastern
provinces.
56
RAILWAYS (All Lines, 192O.)
UAJLWAY STATISTICS, 1868-1920:
1868. 1920.
Mileage 2,188 39,196
Capitalization $136,763,218 $2,088,222,267
Receipts $11,108,882 $491,938,857
Passengers 2,564,485 51,306,074
Freight, tons 2,087,878 127,388,45:'.
_fer cars \ . . . 536 6,512
Freight cars 6,182 217,258
GENERAL — Canada stands fourth among people of the
world in railway mileage and first in proportion of mileage
to population. Canada has one mile of railway to every
21ii people. Capital averages $50,000 a mile.
SUBSIDIES— Cash subsidies of $275,163,228 have been
given, viz., $218,714,318 from the Dominion; $38,171,229
from Provinces, and $17,914,836 from municipalities.
LAND GRANTS— 44,648,123 acres (Dominion, 31,361,-
nuebec, 1,735,690; British Columbia, 8,119,221; New
Brunswick, 1,647,772; Ontario, 624,232; Nova Scotia,
160,000).
EMPLOYEES— 1920, 184,934; compensation, during
year, $290,431,221; increase of 24 per cent, over 1919.
Increases granted, May 1, 1920, was approximately 21 p.c.
EXPENSES AND DEFICITS— Of 56 railways report-
ing, •'!! paid operating expenses; 25 had a deficit. Of these
::i roads, after paying taxes, interest, rents, etc., 19 had
a corporate income of $36,581,437; corporate loss of other
79,669,825, larger items being: Canadian Northern
Svstcni, $40,501,705; Canadian Government Lines,
$9,432,054; Grand Trunk, $4,519,809; Grand Trunk Pacific,
$17,456,359.
DIVIDENDS— 7 roads declared dividends, viz., c-hiefly:
Canadian Pacific, $L'9,227,1>7.'»; Canada Southern, $450,000;
Quebec Central, $lfi9,080.
EARNINGS — Roads earned total revenue from opera-
tions of $491,938,857; increase of $83,340,496 over 1919.
Operating expenses increased from $376,789,093 to $478,-
::, or by $101,213,730. Net operating revenue was
$13,936,003,( decrease, of $17,873,265.
For every dollar earned. 1920, by Canadian National
Railways 7~> cents was paid in wages and 5 cents in fuel.
Only one passenger on Canadian railroads killed in 1919
to 1. -452, 000 carried. :'>;"> passengers killed and 372 injured;
If _ employees killed and 1,904 injured.
57
CANADIAN NATIONAL RAILWAYS.
Canadian National Bailways comprises the lines of the
Canadian Northern Railway System, the Intercolonial
Railway and National Transcontinental Railway and
Grand Trunk Pacific.
The operation of the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway is
vested in the Canadian National Railways Management,
who act for the Minister of Railways Receiver.
Canadian National Railway lines serve the Sydneys,
Halifax, St. John, Quebec, Montreal, Ottawa, Toronto,
Port Arthur, Fort William, Winnipeg, Regina, Saskatoon,
Prince Albert, Edmonton, Calgary, Vancouver, Victoria
and Prince Rupert.
The Canadian National Railway lines traverse the great
grain-growing plains to the south in Manitoba, Saskatche-
wan and Alberta, and the rolling, wooded, diversified
farming areas to the north in these three provinces, and
also serve the new north in Ontario and Quebec, as well
as traversing the older settled districts with trunk lines.
The Canadian National Railways operates its own
Sleeping, Dining and Parlor Cars and News Services.
Canadian National Railways has at Port Arthur, Ont.,
the largest consolidated elevator plant in the world,
capacity 10,000,000 bushels. New electrically-operated
unloaders installed there make it possible to unload a
single carload of grain in 3^ minutes.
The Canadian National Railways has the only line
which crosss the Rocky Mountain divide with a maximum
gradient of 7/10 of one per cent.
Canadian National Railways operates between Mont-
real, St. John and Halifax the famous "Ocean Limited"
and "Maritime Express"; between Montreal and Van-
couver "The Continental Limited," and between Toronto
and Winnipeg the "National."
Canadian National Railways terminals (tunnel) at
Montreal are electrified. The entrance includes a S1^-
mile double-tracked tunnel through Mount Royal.
Canadian National Railways patrons have clear view
for miles of Mount Edith Cavell and other famous and
beautiful peaks in Jasper Park, Alberta, and of Mount
Robson Park.
At the end of October 1921, the mileage of the Cana-
dian National Railways System, including the lines of the
Grand Trunk Pacific, and with all duplicate mileage elim-
inated, was 17,319. The System, with the lines of the
Grand Trunk Railway added, would be 22,636.
58
CANADIAN NATIONAL RAILWAYS— Oon.
Canadian National Railways operate the Quebec Bridge,
which spans the St. Lawrence above Quebec, and consti-
tutes one of the engineering feats of the world, being
3,240 ft. in length, having a main span of 1,800 feet, a
suspended span of 640 feet, the steel work being 150 feet
above high water.
Canadian National-Grand Trunk Railways operate the
following hotels: Chateau Laurier, Ottawa; Prince Ar-
thur, Port Arthur; Fort Garry, Winnipeg; Prince Edward,
Brandon; Macdonald, Edmonton; Highland Inn, Algon-
quin Park, Ont.; Minaki, Minaki, Ont.
Canadian National-Grand Trunk Railways operate via
some of the most famous bridges in the world: The Que-
bec Bridge, across the St. Lawrence near Quebec; the
Victoria Jubilee Bridge, across the St. Lawrence at Mont-
real, and the single-span bridge across the Niagara Gorge.
Famous trains of Canadian National Railways are "The
Ocean Limited," ''Maritime Express," "The Continental
Limited," and "The National".
The Canadian National Railways crosses the Rockies at
the lowest altitude, the easiest gradients, and in view of
Canada's highest peaks.
The Canadian National Railways, through a Board of
Directors, operates the vessels of the Canadian Govern-
ment Merchant Marine. This ally of the Canadian Na-
tional Railway has 66 vessels in operation, with an aggre
gate deadweight tonnage of 390,000 tons.
The manufacturers in Canada are finding outlets for
exports to the West Indies, Cuba and South America, Aus-
tralasia, New Zealand, Great Britain, Mediterranean ports,
India, Straits Settlements, Java and Europe, from the
operation of the vessels of the Canadian Government Mer-
chant Marine fleet, in conjunction with C. N. Railways.
The vessels of the Canadian Government Merchant
Marine, Ltd., fleet will carry products of Canada to ports
(in all the seven seas and bring back to the Dominion the
products Canadians buy abroad.
The Canadian National Telegraphs is the title under
which the Canadian Northern, Great North-Western and
Grand Trunk Pacific Telegraph Companies are operated.
The System has 102,000 miles of wire and direct exclusive
connection with the Western Union Telegraph Company,
reaching 75,000 points in Canada, United States and
Mexico. It has cable service to all parts of the world,
and transfers money by cable and telegraph.
59
GRAND TRUNK RAILWAY
The Grand Trunk is Canada's pioneer railway, the
original incorporation being granted in 1852.
It reaches all the principal agricultural and industrial
districts of Eastern Canada, and serves with its own lines
the important traffic centres of the United States.
In the Province of Ontario alone the Grand Trunk has
more than three thousand miles of railway.
The Grand Trunk carried in its last fiscal year 11,620,-
590 passengers and 23,292,706 tons of freight and live
stock.
There are about one hundred and twenty-five com
panies having original statutory existence which have
been merged into the Grand Trunk System.
The Grand Trunk pays more than one million dollars a
year in taxes.
The International Limited, running daily in each direc-
tion between Chicago, Toronto, and Montreal, is famous
the continent over as "Canada's train of Superior Service."
The Grand Trunk was called upon to handle more than
one million troops during the war and demobilization
periods, and this work was performed safely and expedi-
tiously.
The Grand Trunk owns more passenger and freight car
equipment, and also more locomotives per mile of road
than any railway in Canada, except the Michigan Central.
The Grand Trunk has opened up to travellers many «f
the Dominion's beautiful resort regions, including the
Muskoka Lakes, the Algonquin Park of Ontario, and the
Lake of Bays.
The Grand Trunk line from Montreal to Brockville
(125 miles) was completed in November, 1855. The sec-
tion from Brockville to Toronto was completed in
October, 1856. The first train from Montreal to Toronto
was operated October 27th, 1856.
The Grand Trunk has on its Canadian payrolls more
than 30,000 employees, who receive in wages more than
$53,000,000 per year.
Summary of operations of passenger trains on Grand
Trunk showed 92 per cent, of trains arriving at terminals
on time.
The gross revenues of the Grand Trunk Railway Sys-
tem for 1920 were approximately $122,000,000.
CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY.
The Canadian Pacific Railway is the Empire's greatest
railway and one of the greatest corporations in the world.
Mileage, 19,662.7, viz.: C.P.R. and lines worked, 14,341.9;
under construction, 356.9} owned and controlled, includ-
ing Soo Line, 4,963.9. Length of Main Line, Montreal to
Vancouver, 2,885.8.
Gross earnings for twelve months ending Dec. 31, 1920,
$216,641,349; working expenses, $183,488,304; net earn-
ings, $33,153,045.
Capital: Ordinary stock, $260,000,000; preference stock,
$80,681,921.12; debenture stock, $216,284,882.10; mort-
gage bonds (Algoma Branch), $3,650,000.
Employees, excluding subsidiary interests, nearly
75,000.
Equipment, 2,255 locomotives, 2,778 passenger cars,
88,057 freight cars, and 7,966 other cars. Railway and
equipment valued at $567,283,037.
Passengers carried, 1920, 16,925,049; freight, 30,160,134
tons.
Railway construction, rolling stock equipment, ocean,
lake and river steamships, during year ending December,
1920, $32,625,753.67.
C.P.R. fleet of 59 steamers: Great Lakes, 5; ferry ser-
vice, 2; B. C. lake and river service, 16; B. C. coast ser-
vice, 25; Bay of Fundy service, 1.
Canadian Pacific Ocean Steamships, Ltd., includes Can-
adian Pacific trans-Atlantic and trans-Pacific lines, 30
vessels in all, total tonnage, including those under con-
struction, of 400,000 gross tons.
C.P.R. Telegraph System — 15,000 pole miles; miles of
wire, 115,000.
C.P.R. owns fifteen hotels of highest standard from At-
lantic to Pacific. Contain 3,500 bedrooms.
As part of subsidy for construction of transcontinental
line, Company received 25,000,000 acres of land in West-
ern Canada. Still unsold of this and subsequent grants,
5,611,563 acres. Part of development of these lands con-
sisted of creation of three million-acre irrigation tracts
in Alberta.
SHIPPING, YEAR ENDING MARCH 31, 1921— Ton-
nage entering and leaving Canadian ports (exclusive of
coastwise trade), 54,648,630, increase of 5,155,000 tons in
year. Tonnage engaged in coastwise trade entering and
leaving Canadian ports, 56,225,509 tons.
61
CANADA'S MOUNTAIN WORLD.
Canada has the largest and most beautiful of Moun-
tain National Parks in the world, thousands of square
miles in extent, aptly termed "Sixty Switzerlands in
One," exceeding in natural grandeur all other parks in the
world. Among them, Eocky Mountains Park has an area
of 2,750 square miles; Kootenay Park, 650 square miles;
Yoho Park, an area of 476 square miles; Glacier Park,
aiea of 469 square miles; Revelstoke Park, 100 sq. miles.
The Canadian Government is annually expending large
sums of money opening up new roads, building trails, and
making the Eocky Mountain Park easy of access.
Banff, the gateway to the Eocky Mountains Park, is
one of the most attractive spots in America.
Banff has hot sulphur springs, caves, waterfalls, aviary,
museums, animal paddock with many buffalo, magnifi-
cent drives, boating, fishing, golf links, etc.
Lake Louise, one of the most beautiful lakes in the
world, is 34 miles west of Banff. The Chateau Lake Louise
is one of the C.P.E.'s finest hotels.
Field — 55 miles west of Banff — is where the world-
famous spiral tunnels have been constructed.
Glacier Hotel, owned by the Canadian Pacific, is in the
heart of the Selkirks, and is only a short walk from the
Illecillewaet Glacier, with its nearly forty miles of ice.
Near Glacier also the Canadian Pacific has completed
the longest tunnel in America — 5 miles long — through
Selkirk Mountains. It has been named the Connaught
Tunnel, in honor of the Duke of Connaught.
Nakimu Caves are near Glacier. These immense cav-
erns, formed by water erosion, are claimed by scientists
to be 38,400 years old.
First C.P.E. steamer to reach Vancouver from Yoko-
hama, June 14th, 1887.
The original main line of the C.P.E. was built in five
years, instead of ten, as per contract. Cost over three
hundred millions.
BUILDING PERMITS.— 1919, $189,821,300; 1920, $255,-
605,500; 1921, $240,133,300.
BUILDING AND GENEEAL CONSTRUCTION, 1919.—
By 1,475 individual operators: Capital invested, $45,011,-
116, employing 30,013; salaries and wages, $33,519,839.
Value of work, $94,495,222.
62
RELIGIOUS.
79 specified religions, compared with 57 in 1901.
Canada had, in 1911, 1,111,250 church members in nearly
15,000 churches.
Proportion of denominations to total population in T911:
Roman Catholic, 39.31 per cent.; Presbyterians, J5.48;
Methodist, 14.98; Anglican, 14.47; Baptist/5.31 ; Lutheran,
3.19; Greek Church, 1.23; Jews, 1.03.
PRESBYTERIAN AND METHODIST FACTS.
Presbyterians. Methodists.
Property value $26,334,828 $44,178,371
Annual givings 9,554,503 11,311,259
Number of members 350,674 400,789
Ministers 1,606 1,820
S. s. scholars 286,889 427,000
S. S. teachers 31,930 43,399
Ministers' stipends 2,513,993 2,711,077
•HIS and social service 1,274,510 1,160,563
Women 's Miss. Sec 401,543 476,103
Education 119,183 103,181
IVnsion schemes 132,474 425,628
S. S. and Y. People 39,832 39,553
ADDITIONAL PRESBYTERIAN FACTS
Presbyterian population, 1,200,000; 8 synods; 79
Presbyteries; 199,242 families; 12,111 elders; 169 theologi-
cal students in 8 colleges; 325 foreign missionaries; 1,848
self-sustaining congregations; 1,076 augmented ones; 1,155
home mission ones. Forward Movement peace thank-offer-
ing, $5,262.000; Women's Missionary Society, W.S., has
1,700 branches and 80,000 members.
ADDITIONAL METHODIST FACTS
Methodist Church in Canada has 1 General Conference, 12
conferences, 153 districts, 2,122 circuits, 4,749 preaching
appointments, 210,155 families, 3,400 Sunday schools, nearly
2,000 local preachers, 2,000 class leaders and 12,000 stewards.
Nearly 400 home missionaries. 42 among Canadian Indi-
;m«, 13 among Orientals in Canada, 19 in Japan, 86 in
West China.
The Church has 17 colleges and universities, representing
in buildings and endowment assets of $7,000,000. Registra-
tion of students, approximately 6,000. Income of Educa-
tional Society, 1920, $128,545.
OTHER DENOMINATIONS.
BAPTIST— 1920: Churches, 1,340; ministers, 783; bap-
tisms, 4,568; membership, 142,527. World total: 65,347
churches, 49,674 ministers, 8,643,814 members.
CHRISTIAN CHURCH OF ONTARIO— 1,200 mem-
bers, 21 churches, 9 ordained ministers.
63
RELIGIOUS— Con.
CHURCH OF ENGLAND— 1920 : 1,635 clergy, 598
licensed lay readers, 677,228 members, 216,026 communi-
cants. Subscriptions to Forward Movement, $3,471,613 — -
nearly a million over the objective. Givings to missions,
$496,121; total contributions, $4,262,630.
CONGEEGATIONAL— 12,660 members, 31,963 under
pastoral care; value of Church property, $2,284,000. Total
raised for all purposes, $373,479, 100 pastoral charges in
Canada. Foreign missions in west coast of Africa.
DISCIPLES OF CHRIST— 14,554 members, 110 churches.
EVANGELICAL ASSOCIATION— 9,978 members, 119
churches.
ROMAN CATHOLIC— 1 Cardinal, 11 Archbishops, 30
Bishops, 4,917 priests, 3,056 churches, 212 institutions of
charity. Catholic women's League of Canada has 50,000
members.
.SALVATION ARMY— CANADA EAST— 93 staff and
767 field officers; 124 cadets in training; 121 outposts; 280
corps; 43 homes and camps; 69 day schools. CANADA
WEST — 457 field and staff officers, 125 corps and circles, 24
societies and outposts ; 1 school, 25 social institutions.
VARIOUS RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS— Lord 's
Day Alliance of Canada; 40,000 members; 9 provincial
organizations ; local branches in chief centres. Young Men 's
Christian Association; 126 associations in Canada, with
50,000 members. Young Womens Association: 40 associa-
tions in Canada, with 30,000 members. 6 foreign work
secretaries. Canadian Bible Society distributes Scriptures
in 110 languages and dialects in Canada.
NATIONAL BOYS' WORK BOARD— 1,800 groups of
25,000 Canadian boys are taking the Canadian Standard
Efficiency Training Course in Protestant Churches and
Y.M.C.A. Also hundreds of girls under National Girl's
Work Board.
TELEPHONES.
(Year ending Dec. 31, 1919.)
COMPANIES — 2,219, viz.: 5 Government, 89 municipal,
666 stock, 1,346 co-operative, 18 partnership, 95 private.
CAPITAL AND EARNINGS— $100,587,833; cost of
phone interests, $125,017,222; gross earnings, $29,401,000;
operating expenses, $20,081,436; net earnings, $9,319,570.
MILEAGE, ETC.— Wire mileage, 2,105,240; 20,491 em-
ployees; salaries and wages, $15,774,586.
NUMBER OF PHONES— 778,758, increase of 54,258 in
year. Increase of 18 per cent, in 18 months. Ontario
64
leads with 332.272: Que., 127,028; Sask., 78,861; B.C.,
67,449; Man., 62,969; Alta., 49,338; N.S., 30,653; N.B.,
26,760; P.E.I., 3,238; Yukon, 190. 11.3 persons per phone;
23.8 in 1911. Telephones per 100 of population: Canada,
8.8; Great Britain, 2; U.S., 13.6.
TELEGRAPHS.
(Year ending Dec. 31. 1920.)
MESSAGES— 1920 : Land, 15,589,711; cablegrams,
1,162,204, including 161,101 marconigrams. $7,045,661 trans-
ferred.
COMPANIES — Canada had 10 operating telegraph and
cable companies, with 4,825 offices, 7,508 operators. Capi-
tal, $85,000,000.
EARNINGS— Gross, of cable, telegraph and wireless
raid Government services, $11,337,428, operating expenses,
$9,589,982; net operating revenue, $1,747,447.
WIRE MILEAGE— 238,866 miles of telegraph wire and
52,393 of pole line; only 7,227 wire mileage in 1867.
WIRELESS — Canada has wireless stations from the
Gulf of St. Lawrence to the head of Lake Superior. Mar-
coni Co. plans a string of wireless plants across Canada to
form part of a chain encircling the Empire.
GOVERNMENT TELEGRAPHS— Canada owns and
operates one of the greatest telegraph systems in the world
of 1,500 offices, 31,000 miles of poles,* and 114,000 miles
of wire.
WIRELESS SERVICE — Canada ranks second to none in
the world, covering the Great Lakes, St. Lawrence Gulf
and on Atlantic and Pacific Coasts, and including the Cana-
dian trans-Atlantic wireless service. 563 stations in opera-
tion on land and ships; 341,333 messages transmitted in
1920 ; revenue, $50,322. Marconi Co. plans a string of wire-
less plants across Canada to form part of a chain encircling
the Empire.
PACIFIC CABLE— Traffic between Canada and Aus-
tralia, 1919-20, 443,600 words.
IMPERIAL CABLE— Is being established. First link
will include India, Singapore, Hong Kong and Australia.
Already operating from London to Halifax.
COAL RESERVES. — Canada has some of the world's
most promising coal fields. Nova Scotia has over 2 billion
metric tons of actual reserves; British Columbia, more
than 23 billion tons. Alberta coal estimated to form 15
per cent, of worlds supply.
65
TEMPERANCE.
Per capita consumption of liquor in Canada.
Spirits. Beer. Wine. Total.
Gals. Gals. Gals. Gals.
1915 872 6,071 .095 7.038
1916 745 4.950 .062 5.757
1917 698 4.188 .061 4.947
1918 699 3.414 .061 4.174
1919 ,391 2.948 .025 3.364
1920 624 4.100 .078 4.802
1921 857 3.954 .077 4.888
PROHIBITION IN CANADA— 7 out of 9 provinces are
"bone dry". Ontario, Manitoba, Alberta, Saskatchewan,
Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick are now all under the
one Dominion law, prohibiting importation, which in
Ontario is enforced by the Sandy Act (provincial), for-
bidding the delivery of liquor within the province (short-
circuiting). British Columbia and Quebec have govern-
ment sale systems, with a few Quebec municipalities under
the Scott Act.
CANADA'S "DRY" AREA— Area of 1,187,506 square
miles and population of 337,272, under prohibition but not
"bone-dry" laws. 5,300,433 are under "bone-dry" pro-
hibition laws, leaving only 234,253 square miles and popula-
tion of 377,272.
CONVICTIONS FOR DRUNKENNESS— 1914, 60,067;
1915, 41,161; 1916, 32,730; 1917, 27,882; 1918, 21,026; 1919,
24,217.
DISTILLERIES — Canada had six in 1918; production
value, $2,834,797; capital, $10,018,168; malt liquors, 63
plants; production, $16,223,080.
TRADE.
TRADE EXPANSION.— Canada's total trade has multi-
plied 20 times since Confederation; exports 23-fold; im-
ports nearly 20-fold.
AD VALOREM RATE OF DUTY— Average rate, 1920-21,
on dutiable imports, 23.3 per cent. ; on total imports, 15.7 p.c.
Canada's debit balance of trade of $4,000,000 in 1901,
was changed to credit of $600,000,000 in ,1918— the war-
time peak year of production.
Trade percentage increase in 20 years totalled 623 p.c.,
including: Mines, 154 p.c.; fisheries, 279 p.c.; forests 252
p.c.; animals, 364 p.c.; agriculture, 861 p.c.; mamifac-
tures, 2,700 p.c.
66
TRADE WITH PRINCIPAL COUNTRIES.
Countries. Imports for Consumption. Exports (Can.)
1920. 1921.
United Kingdom . .$213,973,562 $312,844,871
United States 856,176,820 542,322,967
Australia 791,980 18,112,861
Belgium 4,693,368 40,252,487
British Africa 262,782 15,556,593
Br. East Indies 14,307,404 6,388,898
Br. West Indies 14,910,705 14,554,217
China 1,897,349 4,906,570
Cuba 30,743,239 6,573,768
France 19,1 38,062 27,428,308
C!erniany 1,547,685 8,215,337
Greece 817,157 20,834,577
Italy 1,745,330 57,758,343
Japan 11,360,821 6,414,920
Netherlands 4,237,791 20,208,418
Newfoundland 2,886,203 16,676,728
.\\-\v Zealand 4.219,965 11,873,000
South America 19,356,073 18,073,772
IMPORTS FOR CONSUMPTION BY MAIN GROUPS
1920. 1921.
Vr-geinble products $242,075,389 $261,081,364
Animal products 95,098,743 61,722,390
Fibre-* and textile products... 231,559,877 243,608,342
Wood, wood prod'ts and paper 43,183,267 57,449,384
Iron and its products 186,319,876 245,625,703
Non-ferrous metal products... 52,103,913 55.553,902
Non-metallic mineral products. 121,956,176 206.095,113
Chemicals and allied products. 29,886,102 36,334,612
All other commodities 62,344,780 72,688,072
TOTALS $1,064,528,123 $1,240,158,882
CANADIAN PRODUCE EXPORTED BY MAIN GROUPS.
1920. 1921.
Vegetable products $416.122,771 $482.924 672
Animal products 314,017,944 188,359,937
Fibres and textile products... 34.028.314 . 18,7.83. ss4
Wood, wood prod'ts and paper 213,913,944 284.561. 47S
Iron and its products 81,785,829 76.500,741
Non-ferrous metal products. .. 54.976,413 45,939,377
Non-metallic mineral products. 30.342,926 40,121.892
Chemicals and allied products. 22.581,049 19.582,051
All other commodities 71,722,408 32,389,669
TOTALS $1,239,492,098 $1,189,163,701
67
PRINCIPAL COMMODITIES EXPORTED.
(Canadian Produce.)
Commodity.
Wheat $
Value.
310,952,138
86,151,853
78,922,137
71,552,037
66,520,490
56,680,626
37,146,722
33,130,003
31,492.407
22,099,553
21,513,594
19,905,020
19,582,051
17,349,135
16,501,478
15,136,525
14,152033
13,314,089
13,181,170
12.633,389
12,299.478
11,731.061
11,469 050
10,841,366
10,839,528
10,320,878
Commodity.
Nickel
Value.
$9,405*,291
9,257,188
8,331,298
8,187,437
7,081,369
6,277,211
6,231,170
5,226,890
5,128,831
4,732,207
4,677,815
4,646,819
4,425,850
4,210,594
3,905.570
3,848.102
:•:. 192. 174
3,038,779
2,343,965
2,108256
2,107,180
1,481 d!»7
1,350,201
1,115,251
Lumber
Newsprt' paper.
Wood pulp ....
Wheat flour . . .
Iron and Steel.
Cheese
Fish ....
Silver bullion.. .
Beef, fresh
Condensed milk.
Leath. & mf s. of
Oth. metals,n.o.p.
Eye
Wear'g apparel.
Butter
Bacon and hams
Cattle .
Hides and skins.
Oth. meats, n.o.p.
Aluminum
Eggs
Hay
Pulpwood
Vehicles
Chem. & prods..
Vessels
Coal
Sugar & molasses
Oats
Copper
Woollens
Flaxseed
Hinder twine . .
Spirits
Gold bullion . . .
Oatmeal.
Wool, raw
Cement
Oth. paper, n.o.p
Asbestos, raw. . .
Oth. wood, n.o.p.
Furs, undressed.
Barley . .
Clover seed ....
Bran
Malt
Cotton goods . .
Vegetables
Gutta percha . .
Fruits .
TRADE WITH GROUPS OF COUNTRIES.
Imports for Consumption from
Fiscal
British
Foreign
United
United
Years.
Empire.
Countries.
Kingdom.
States,
1916
$105,2-36,489
$402,964,645
$ 77,404,361
$370,880,549
1917
144,134 385
702,310,493
107,090,735
665,312,759
1918
128,055,371
835,477,207
81,324,28.°,
792,894,1)57
1919
123,671,540
796,040,165
73,035,118
750,203,024
1920
174,351,659
890,176,464
126,302,fi:;i
801. 097, .".is
1921
266,002,688
974,155,194
213,973,502
856,170.820.
Exports (Canadian) to
1916
$482,529,733
$259,080,905
$451,852,398
$201,106,488
1917
775,740,446
375,635,322
742,147,537
280,616.330
1918
888,895,275
651,132,513
845,480,069
4i7.L':',::,i',s7
1919
605,159,789
611,284,017
540,750,977
454,873,170
1920
561,788,003
677,704,095
489,152,637
464,028,183
1921
403,452,219
785,711,482
312,844,871
542,322,967
IMPORTS FOR CONSUMPTION AND DUTY
Fiscal.
Years.
1912
1913
1914
191«">
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1821
Fiscal
Years.
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
(Merchandise only.)
Dutiable Free Total
Imports. Imports. Imports.
$335,304,060 $187,100,615 $522,404,675
441,606,885 229,600,349 671,207,234
410,258,744 208,935,254 619,193,998
279,792,195 176,163,713 .455,955,908
289,366,527 218,834,607 508,201,134
461,733,609 384,717,269 846,450.878
542,341,522 421,191,056 963,532,578
526,494,658 393,217,047 919,711,705
693,655,165 370,872,958 1,064,528,123
847,561,406 392,597,476 1,240,158,882
Duty
Collected.
& 87,576,037
115,063,688
107,180,578
79,205,910
103,940,101
147,631,455
161,595,629
158,046,334
187,524,182
179,667,683
EXPORTS AND TOTAL TRADE
Canadian
Exports.
$290,223,857
355,754600
431,588,439
409,418,836
741,610,638
1,151,375,768
1,540,027,788
1,216,443,806
1,239,492,098
1,189,163,701
Total
Trade.
Province.
Ontario
Quebec
Nova Scotia . . . .
New Brunswick .
P. K. Island
Manitoba
British Columbia
Alberta
Saskatchewan . . .
Yukon
Prep. P.O. pkgs..
Foreign Total
Exports. Exports.
$17,492,294 $307,716,151 $830,120,826
21,313,755 377,068,355 1,048,275,589
23,848,785 455,437,224 1,074,631,222
52,023,673 461,442',509 917,398,417
37.689,432 779,300,070 1,287,501,204
27,835,332 1,170,211,100 2,025,661,978
46,142,004 1,586,169,792 2,549,702,370
52,321,479 1,268,765,285 2,188,476,990
47,166,611 1,286,658,709 2,351,186,832
21,264,418 1,210,428,119 2,450,587,001
TRADE BY PROVINCES.
Imports for Exports of
Can. Produce.
$418,196,047 $
461,497,001
64,531,716
467,655
24,537,315
83,558,649
112,685,111
1,223,258
22,293,583
173,366
Consumption.
.$602,737,014
. 362,495,158
. 38,823,401
. 41,939,560
1,248,526
. . 64,823,482
. 81,615,288
. 24,227,312
. 21,716,892
498,423
33,826
Duty
Collected.
82,532,697
56,154,821
4,373,169
5,377,429
198,203
11,395,328
11,941,004
4,146,991
3,478,836
59,927
9,278
TOTALS $1,240,158,822 $1,189,163,701 $179,667,683
BALANCE OP TRADE.
Years. Total Imports. Total Exports.. Balance.
1912-1916 $2,776,962,949 $2,380,964,309 $395,998,640
1917-1921 5,034,382,166 6,531,233,005 . 1,496,850,839
WAR FACTS.
CANADIANS ENLISTED IN THE WAR— Total enlist-
ments into Canadian Expeditionary Force, 590,572, viz.:
Ontario, 245,677; Quebec, 82,793; New Brunswick, 25,864;
Nova Scotia and P.E.I., 33,342; Manitoba, 66,319; Sas-
katchewan, 37,666; Alberta, 45,146; British Columbia,
51,438; Yukon, 2,327. .418,052 proceeded overseas. 80 per
cent, of total enlisted voluntarily.
CASUALTIES— 215,185— 9,656 officers, 205,529 other
ranks. Killed in action and died of wounds, 56,763; died
from other causes, 4,960; wounded, 149,732; prisoners of
war, 3,729. 3,087 died in Canada; 18 in Siberia; 1,540 on
strength of Soldiers' Civil Re-establishment.
10,000 military tubercular patients in Canadian sana-
toriums, 1921.
RETURNED SOLDIERS PLACED ON LAND— 27,033
up to September 30, 1921. Of these 6,089 are on free lands
without loans, while 20,914 are settled on purchased and
free lands with loans amounting to §86,933,012.60. The
loans were granted for the following purposes: To purchase
land, $47,457,393.14; to remove encumbrances, $2,019,836.77 ;
for permanent improvements, $9,921,591.55; for stock and
equipment, $26,534,191.14. Total, $85,933,012.60. So far,
415 returned men have repaid their loans in full.
WAR PENSIONS.— Annual list, payable to 50,287 dis-
abled soldiers and 19,411 dependents, $30,802,607, includ-
ing 25,413 wives, 34,721 children and 178 parents of dis-
ability pensioners, and 16,142 children of dependent
pensioners. Total paid out, up to Aug. 31, 1921, $101,-
414,216.
GREAT WAR" VETERANS' ASSOCIATION.— 849
branches, increase of 200 in years, viz. : Out., 247 : Sask.,
162; Alta., 113; Man., 110; B.C., 99; N. S., 47; Que., 37;
N. B., 23; P. E. I., 9.
CANADA'S ACTIVE MILITIA.— Strength, as at Nov.
30, 1921, 4,059, viz.: 441 officers, 3,648 other ranks.
WAR CLAIMS — 659 received by government from
Canadian citizens from losses through German submarine,
totalling $22,494,979 (up to Dec. 1, 1921).
WAR COST— Estimated to cost Canada, $2,000,000,000.
Of this cost in 1921, $226,757,087, viz., interest, $140,613,-
163; pensions, $31,816,923; soldiers' land settlement,
$35,017,000; soldiers' civil re-establishment, $19,310,000.
WAR REPARATIONS— Canada's share estimated at
$300,000,000, or 45 per cent, of British total, based on
casualties, pensions, shipping losses, etc.
70
WAR FACTS Con.
CANADIAN WAR EXPENDITURE — 1920-1, on home
defence, $2.15 per capita (lowest of any civilized country) ;
U.S., $13.13; Australia, $6.13; New Zealand, $5.05; Great
Britain, $22.36.
WAR GRAVES— Of Canadians, 56,000, viz.: 48,000 on
the battlefields of Europe; about 2,000 In Great Britain;
almost 6,000 in Canada. Imperial War Graves Commis-
sion will mark every grave. 500 cemeteries in France and
Belgium had been planted, in 1921, with trees and flowers;
a thousand others await their turn.
WESTERN CANADA.
AGRICULTURAL WEALTH— Increased from $4,761,-
H39 in 1880 to $636,501,900 in 1920.
AREA. — The Western Provinces of Canada are equal in
to the 9 North Atlantic States, the 9 South Atlantic
s, the 8 South Central States, and the States of of
North Dakota and Delaware, with 790 square miles to
. Less than 14 per cent, of the available agricul-
tural land is yet cultivated. .
ARABLE AREA — Prairie provinces have 270,000,000
acres of arable land; only 26,000,000, or less than 10 per
c<Mit.. under cultivation. 53,913,300 acres under homesteads.
ELEVATORS— Western Canada has over 3,600 ele-
vators; capacity, 110,000,000 bushels.
FARMS.— Number in prairie provinces, 1916, 218,563;
the Western Provinces.
PRAIRIE FIELD CROP YIELDS— Fnal estimate, 1921,
<i(;4,909,.°.90 bushels, viz.: Manitoba, 123,090,000; Sas-
katchewan, 401,065,700; Alberta, 140,753,600.
tnl. $224,740,148; employees on wages, 49,465; value of
ju-oiliicts, $246,081,885.
FIELD CROP VALUE— 1921 (final estimate), of four
m provinces, $393,818,000 out of all-Canada total of
•>t»3,670, or nearly half. Of this, wheat represents
•DO.OOO out of all-Canada total of $242,936,000.
HOMESTEAD ENTRIES— 500,000 entries were made,
in prpiprie provinces, from 1900 to 1920, involving 8.0,000,000
acres of land.
INDIAN LANDS CEDED TO THE CROWN.— As a
result of the work of the Government treaty party, which
\\as in the North during summer of 1921, 372,000 square
miles of territory has been ceded by the various Indian
tribes to the Crown and about 1,900 Indians, who hitherto
1ml not been reached, have signified their willingness to
accept the Government bounty.
71
WESTERN CANADA Con.
GRAIN AWARDS— 18 of 21 awards were captured by
Alberta and Saskatchewan farmers at International Grain
and Hay Show at Chicago, Nov., 1921. Saskatchewan car-
ried off the second award for wheat, whilst the Grand
Championship for oats was again secured by John \V.
Lucas, of Cayley, Alberta, whose newr variety, ''Victory,"
weighed 46.4 pounds to the bushel.
HOMESTEADING— From 1900 to 1920, more than
500,000 homestead /entries were made in the prairie prov-
inces, representing settlement and fencing off of 80.000,-
000 acres. 140,000 U.S. settlers made 40 per cent, of the
500,000 entries; British Isles, 91,000; Continental Europe,
nearly 100,000.
INDUSTRIES— Western Canada, 1919 (preliminary cen-
sus): Establishments, 6,599; capital, $482,498,201; em-
ployees on wages, 86,410; wages, $97,392,944; value of
products, $550,672,135.
OIL CLAIMS- -Staked along Mackenzie River for 150
miles to Arctic Circle, starting at Fort Norman, 1,500
miles north of Edmonton.
RAILWAYS,— Nearly 20,000 miles.
WHEAT. — The Northwest produces nine-tenths of the
Canadian wheat crop, but not one-tenth of the good
wheat land is under cultivation.
RECORD WHEAT TRAIN.— A new record for a grain
moving train was created in fall of 1921, when a C.P.R.
engine pulled 110 fully loaded cars of wheat, comprising
165,000 bushels, eastwards towards the Great Lakes,
making train nine-tenths of a mile long.
MISCELLANEOUS.
AGRICULTURE is Canada's first industry. Canada
consumes 80 per cent, of her farm production.
COST OF LIVING— Estimated for average family of •",,
July, 1920 (peak), $26.91; November, 1921, $21.56.
ELEVATORS.— Canada has 3,855, with capacity of
231,213,620 bushels, compared with 2,319 in 1912, with
capacity of 127,224,550 bushels. Elevators at Fort William
and Port Arthur alone hold 54,685,000 bushels.
LAKES-TO-OCEAN PROJECT.— Estimate of U.S. engi-
neers for dredging in the St. Lawrence and making of
canals so goods can be shipped without rehandling across
the ocean to any port on the Great Lakes, $250,000,000.
72
Preliminary Census Data, 1921.
[Comprising the figures released by Dominion Census Bureau up
to February 10, 1922. Subject to final revision. A supplement
with final and full figures will be issued later, and will be sent free
on application to Canadian Facts Pub. Co.]
AREA AND POPULATION, 1911-1921.
Province.
Alberta
British Columbia ....
Manitoba
New Brunswick
Nova Scotia
Ontario
Prince Edward Island
Area.
Sq. Miles.
255,285
355,855
251,700
27,985
21,428
407,262
2,184
690 865
1921.
Population.
581,995
523,369
613,008
388,092
524,579
2,929,054
88,536
2 349 067
1911.
Pop.
374,663
392,480
461,394
351,889
492,338
2,527,292
93,728
2 005 77(5
251,700
745,010
492,432
Yukon
Northwest Territories 1
207,076
,242,224
4,162
8,512
The Dominion 3,603,900 8,746,872 7,200,504
MARITIME PROV1
Province, Popu
Citv or Town. 1921.
NKW BKTXSWICK 388,092
NOVA SCOTIA 524,579
P. E. ISLAND 88,536
CJiarlottetown 12329
[NOES.
lation.
1911.
351,889
492,338
93,728
11,203
2,678
Increase 1921
over 1911.
No. P.C.
36,203 10.29
32,241 6.55
—5,192 —9.23
1,126 10.0
550 20.54
Summerside
3,228
CHIEF NOVA
Halifax
SCOTIA CITIES AND
.37.1374 46.619
TOWNS.
11,055 23.7
4,804 97.10
' 430 2..-.0
1,002 ll.Ki
2,576 40.35
858 11.48
2,846 56.26
1,544 25.25
462 7.0
1,165 21.f.0
—758—13:27
130 2.94
377 13.59
—67 —2.11
Sydney
Glace Bay
Amherst
New Glasgow
Sydney Mines
Dartmouth
Truro
22,527
16,992
' 9,975
8,959
8,328
7,904
7,651
7,062
17,723
16,562
8,973
6,383
7,470
5,058
6,107
6,600
5,418
4*417
2,775
3,179
Yarmouth
North Sydney
New Waterford . . .
Springhill
Wostville
Bridgewater
Pictou
6,583
5,613
4,955
4,547
3,152
3,112
-
PRELIMINARY CENSUS DATA, 1921— Con.
Chief Nova Scotia Cities and Towns-Con.
Increase 1921
Stellarton
Windsor
Popu
192L
5,186
3,589
2952
lation.
1911.
. 3,910
3,452
2,719
1,749
2,681
2,856
2,304
2,589
2,109
over!911.
No. P.O.
1,276 32.63
137 3.97
233 8.57
1,088 62.21
105 3.92
—111 —3.89
413 17.93
—199 —7.69
154 7.30
Trenton
2,837
2 786
Parrsboro
Kentville
Dominion
2,745
2,717
2,390
Liverpool
2,263
CHIEF NEW BRUNSWICK CITIES AND TOWNS.
Moneton
17,396
8 081
11,345
7 208
6,051 53.4
873 12 11
Sackville
Campbellton
Chatham
Edmundston
6,625
5,569
4,489
4 033
2,039
3,817
4,666
1 821
4,586 22.5
1,752 45.90
—177 —3.79
2 212 "121 47
Newcastle
St. Stephen
Bathurst
Woodstock
Sussex
3,510
3,449
3,311
3,377
2,198
2,945
2,836
960
3,856
1.906
565 19.19
613 21.61
2,351 244.90
_479_-j2.42
292 15.32
MONTREAL ISLAND.
MONTREAL ISLAND. . .712,909 554,761158,148 28.51
Chief Centres:
Montreal City 607,063 498,880117,183 23.92
Verdun 24,888 11,629 13,259 114.02
Westmount 16,711 14,579 2,132 14.62
Lachine 15,448 11,688 3,760 32.16
Outremont 12,997 4,820 8,177 167.65
CHIEF QUEBEC CITIES AND TOWNS.
Hull 23,867
Three Rivers 22,317
Sherbrooke 22,097
Shawinigan Falls 10,606
St. Hyacinthe 10,852
Levis 10,479
18,222 5,645 31.0
13,691 8,626 63.05
16,405 5,692 34.7
6,341 148.67
1,055 10.7
4,265
9,797
7,452 3,027 40.62
PRELIMINARY CENSUS DATA, 1921 -Con.
Chief Quebec Cities and Towns-Con.
Increase 1921
Population. over 1 9 1 1 .
Valleyfield
.Joliette
Grand Mere
La Tuque
St. Jerome
.Joiujiiieres
Montmagny
Buckingham
f]ast Angus
1921.
. . . . 9,180
9,036
7,637
5,603
r,,4Hi
4,851
4,125
3,827
3,802
1911.
9,449
6,346
4,783
2,934
3,473
2,354
2,617
3,854
Xo. P.G.
—269 —2.84
—2,690—42.38
2,854 59.67
2,669 70.95
2,018 58.10
2,497 106.07
1,508 57.62
_27 —0.70
3,602
3 097
505 1630
Coatieook
3,554
3 308
3,165
3 560
389 12.29
— 252 — 7 07
Drummondvilh
Black Lake
Bromptonvillc
2,851
2,623
2,595
2330
1,725
2,645
1,239
1 402
1,126 65.27
—22 —0.83
1,356 109.44
928 6619
Baie St. Paul
2,296
2 248
1,857
2 105
430
143 6 79
Bagotville
Berthier
2,204
2,184
1,011
1,335
1,193 118.00
849 63.59
CHIEF
Toronto
Hamilton
Ottawa
ONTARIO
519,290
113,894
107,137
CITIES.
381,900
81,969
87,062
137,390 o3.71
31,925 38.94
20,075 23.1
London
60,685
38541
46,300
17 S"!>
14,385 31.1
20 712 116 17
Brant ford
29,395
23 954
23,132
20 660
6,263 27.07
3294 1.1'M
Kitchener
Sault Ste Marie »
21,605
21 228
15,196
10984
6,409 42.17
10,244 93.2*}
Peterboro
Fort William
20,989
20521
18,360
16499
2,627 14.31
4,022 24 :-'-7
St. Catharines
Guelph
19,664
18 019
12,484
1.1 17.1
7,180 57.51
2,844 18.74
Port Arthur
Stratford
16,134
16,064
11,220
12;946
4,914 43.79
3,118 24.0
St. Thomas
Niagara Falls City
.... 15,924
14,695
14,054
9,248
1,870 13.30
'•.447 58.90
Sarnia
Gait .
14,637
. 13,210
9,947
10,299
4,690 47.15
2,911
PRELIMINARY CENSUS DATA, 1921 -Con.
Chief Ontario Cities and Towns- Con.
Chatham
Belleville
12,301
12,163
10,770
9 876
1,531 14.21
2 287 23 16
Owen Sound
Oshawa
12,174
11,552
12,558
7,436
—384 —3.05
4,116 55.3
Woodstock
Brockville
Welland
Orillia
9,659
9,057
8,677
8,910
9,320
9,374
5,318
6,828
339 3.6
—37 —3.4
3,359 63.16
2,082 34.9
Pembroke
Lindsay
7,871
7,542
5,626
6,964
2,245 39.90
578 8.30
Walkerville
7,040
3,302
3,738 113.20
POPULATION OF CHIEF ONTARIO TOWNS OF 2,500
AND OVER.
North Bay
Populi
1921.
. . 10,629
. . 8,572
. . 7,382
. . 5,869
. . 5,886
. . 5,407
. . 5,330
. . 4,976
ition.
1911.
7,737
4,150
6,598
7,000
4,359
6,158
5,074
4,299
3,846
3,412
5,092
2,199
5,638
4,405
4,522
3,568
Ins. 1921
over 1911.
2,892
4,422
784
—3,131
1,527
—751
256
677
1,054
1,102
—634
2,252
—1,198
—352
—423
436
Cornwall
Collingwood
Waterloo
Kenora
Cobourg
Dundas
Renfrew
Brampton
. . 4,900
. . 4,514
. . 4,458
. . 4,451
. . 4,440
. . 4,053
. . 4,099
. . 4,004
Poxt Hope
Sturgeon Falls
Cobalt
Arnprior
Penetanguishene .... 4 ...
CHIEF ONTARIO TOWNS, POPULATION 500 TO 2,500.
Listowel 2,473
Bracebridge 2,423
Almonte 2,413
Bridgeburg 2,401
New Liskeard 2,254
Aurora 2,296
Alexandria 2,195
Orangeville 2,184
Aylmer, Ont 2,193
Huntsville 2,236
Kincardine 2,074
Clinton 3,016
2,289
184 8.03
2,7.76
—353—12.71
2,452
—39 —1.59
1,770
631 35.64
2,108
146 6.92
1,901
395 20.77
2,323
—128 —5.51
2,340
—156 —6.66
2,102
91 4.32
2,358
—122 —5.17
1,956
118 • 6.03
2,254
_238— 10.55
PRELIMINARY CENSUS DATA, 1921 Con.
MANITOBA.
Increase 1921
Population. over!911.
1921. 1911. No. P.O.
PROVINCE . . .
Cities:
613,008 461,190 151,818 32.92
178364 136035 42329 3112
St. Bonifac-f .
Brandon ....
Portage la Prai
Chief Towns:
Dauphin
12,816 7,483 5,333 71.20
15,359 13,839 1,520 10.99
He...". 6,748 5,892 856 14.60
, 3,862 2,815 1,047 37.19
4 180
Selkirk
Yeepawa
3,722 2,977 745 25.03
1,887 1 864 23 1 23
The Pas
1,859
Souris
• man
1,710 1,859 —144 —7.77
1,585 1,271 314 27.70
CHIEF
Moose Jaw
Swift Current
SASKATCHEWAN CITIES.
19,175 13,823 5,352 38.72
3,492 1 852 1 640 88 55
Yorkton
5,153 2,309 2,844 123.17
ALBERTA . . .
Cities:
Calgary
Edmonton . . .
Lcthbridge
Medicine Hat
ALBERTA.
581,995 374,6633*7,332 55.34
63,117 43,704 19,413 44.42
58,627 31,064 27,563 88.73
11,055 8,050 3,005 37.3
9 575 5 608 3 967 70 74
If.'.l Deer
Wetaskiwin . . .
Chief Towns:
Drumheller
2,323 2,118 205 9.68
2,056 2,411 —355—14.72
Increase 1921
Population. over!911.
1921. 1911. No. P.O.
2 504 . . .
('amrose
Macleod
Taber
Coleman
Cardston
Blairmore ....
Yegreville . . .
•tier
1,895 1,586 309 210.42
1,707 1,844 —137 —7.43
1,668 1,400 268 19.14
1,582 1,557 25 1.61
1,593 1,207 386 31.98
1,550 1,137 413 36.32
1,475 1,029 446 43.34
1,416 1,444 —28 —1.94
PRELIMINARY CENSUS DATA, 1921— Con.
CHIEF BRITISH COLUMBIA CITIES AND TOWNS.
-
Victoria
South Vancouver
. . . 38,775
32 182
31,660
16 126
7,115
16 056
22.05
99 56
New. Westminster
North Vancouver
Nanaimo and Suburbs .
Nelson . . . . :
Prince Kupert
Kamloops
Revelstoke
Fernie
. . . 14,440
. . . 9,987
. . . 9,025
. . . 5,236
. . . 6,376
. . . 4,487
. . . 4,350
. . . 4,343
13,199
8,196
8,306
4,476
4,184
3,772
3,017
3,146
1,241
1,791
719
760
2,192
715
1,333
1,197
9.40
21.08
8.65
16.97
52.39
18.95
44.18
38.04
The Garden of the Giants
Sun-bathed peaks, ethereal, fantastic.exquUiuly lovely-all
these you can see reflected in the sapphire waters of
LAKE LOUISE
from the magic casement of your window at the Chateau in
the heart of the
Canadian Pacific Rockies
Fifty Switzei lands in One— reached by the world's greatest
Everything Canadian Pacific Standard— None Better.
For full information call, phone or write to any C.P.R. agent
C. E. E. USSHER, Passenger Traffic Manager,
Canadian Pacific Railway,
Montreal, Que.
We Buy and Sell
Dominion and Provincial
Government Bonds
Municipal Bonds
Railroad, Public Utility and
Industrial Bonds
Correspondence invited
DO^VII^IO?* SECURITIES
CORPORATION LIMITED
HEAD OFFICE: TORONTO 26 KING ST. E.
MONTREAL ESTABLISHED 1901 LONDON, ENG
Want to Illustrate a
Talk on Canada?
VV7e can supply — either renting or Manufact-
** uiing specially for you, lantern slides
covering many phrases of Canadian Life.
We have the largest stock of slides for
rental in Canada, covering such subjects as
"Halifax to Prince Rupert" "The Maritime Provinces"
"Beautiful Canada" "Our Own Countiy"
These are listed in an inclusive Slide Catalogue
which we will gladly send on request.
We make slides for Dr Grenfell, Toronto
Exhibition and other particular people and would
give the same expert care to yours.
ART PHOTOGRAPHY DEPARTMENT
The Methodist Book and Publishing House
TORONTO
BIG THINGS IN CANADA.
Canada has greatest railway mileage per capita.
Canada 's Quebec bridge span is longest, of its type.
Canada has the largest grain mills in British Empire.
Canada has world's richest nickel and asbestos mines.
Canada has highest hydraulic lift-lock at Peterboro.
Canada has the most extensive sea fisheries in the world.
Canada has the largest inland port in the world— Montreal.
Canada possesses the Avorld's largest pulpwood resources.
Montreal has the world's largest grain conveying system.
Canada has one of the highest tides in the world- ">'.•'•_,
feet — in Noel Bay, Bay of Fundy.
C.P.R. dam at Bassano, Alta., is. the largest individual
project of its kind on the continent.
Canada has the largest buffalo herd (over 5,000) and I ho
largest elk -herd (6,000-8,000) in the world.
Canada has the largest agricultural Implement industry
in the British Empire — the Massey-Harris, Toronto.
Canada has the largest combination elevator in the world
at Port Arthur; capacity, nearly 10,000,000 bushels.
The Chippawa-Queenston Power Canal is world's ].-.
engineering work since Panama Canal construction.
Canada has one of the largest gold mines in the woi
the Hollinger, producing at rate of $8,000,000 a year.
Canada is to have the world's greatest wifeless station — at
Laprairie, Que.
Toronto 's Industrial Exhibition is largest in world, based
on annual attendance of over a million, receipts and area.
Ontario's Hydro-public ownership is the largest public
ownership scheme in the world.
Canada has the most extensive lobster fishery on its east
coast, and the biggest halibut port in Prince Rupert.
Canada has the largest railway yards in the world oper-
ated-by one concern — the C.P.R. at Winnipeg, with L'HS
miles of sidings.
Canada has the biggest dam in the world, the Gouiu, at
the head of the St. Maurice River, with a capacity double
the Assouan dam on the Nile.
Canada has the largest pulp mill of its kind in the world,
at Chicoutimi, Quebec. Daily capacity, 550 tons of me«hau-
ical pulp, and 200 tons of chemical pulp.
Canada has the biggest ranch in the world, of 75,850
square miles, for raising caribou and musk oxen, north of
the Churchill River country, in Hudson Bay territory.
Canada has a western farm, at Noblefield, Alberta, which
had the largest yield from any single enterprise in the world,
in a million-dollar crop in 1920.
WHICH SCHOOL?
Write to ELLIOTT Bl'^l. XKSS COLLKGK, ?:i4
Yonge Street, Toronto, for illustrated Catalogue,
which describes our Business, Stenographic, Secre-
tarial, General Improvement, Civil Service, Commer-
cial'Teachers' and Commercial Specialists' Courses.
The advantages offered are unexcelled in Canada.
Open all year. Enter at any time. Students
assisted to secure employment.
W. J. ELLIOTT, Principal
THE BENNETT LETTER HOUSE
E. Bennett, Manager.
"Letter Experts"
Multigraph Letters
MAILING LISTS
QNE FACT- BEST PRODUCED ANYWHERE
ADDRESSING FOLDING DUPLICATING, ETC
152 Bay St., Toronto. Adelaide 3313.
"My Valet" Limited
Expert Cl<
and Dyers
Orders Promptly and Carefully Attended to and
at Reasonable Prices. Write for Price List.
Cleaning and Dyeing
3O ADELAIDE ST. WEST - - TORONTO
Mai a 5DOO. Use Parcel Post.
LIMITEC
I33 RICHMOND ST. WEST
TJORONTO CANADA
A LITTLE OF EVERYTHING.
Canada has 25,000 commercial travellers.
Canada has 136,000 Masons in 850 IO<!,L
Canada naturalized 10,507 aliens in 1920-21.
Canada has 3,296 Eskimos and 105,998 Indians.
Canada's natural wealth equals $2,000 per capita.
Canada lias had 120 Governors-General, 1534-1921.
Canada has 880 legislators, federal and provincial.
Nearly half of Canada's manufactures are in Ontario.
42 extradition treaties of Gt. Britain apply to Canada.
5,228 died from tuberculosis in 8 provinces in 1920.
Canada grows tea, olives and figs on Vancouver Island.
40,000 United Empire Loyalists entered Canada after 1784.
Canada has 174 steam and 64 electric railway companies.
Foreign countries have 300 consuls and vice-consuls
Canada.
1,250 flour mills have aggregate annual capacity o
300,000,000 bbls.
Canada has 8,000 doctors, one to 1,050 of population. U.S.
one to 720.
3,594 are registered with the Canadian National Institute
for the Blind.
National Council of Women of Canada have half a
million members.
Canada's estimated voting strength, 3,000,000, almost
half being women.
The Bible is issued, in whole or in part, in over 100 lan-
guages and dialects in Canada.
Ontario has 8 racing associations; $56,778,596 wagered,
1921. Gate receipts, $1,895,099.
I.O.D.E. — Imperial Order Daughters of the Empire h
30,000 members in 786 chapters.
Canada's percentage of population. 1911: Eural, 55
urban, 45. United States, 21 and 79.
Canada has 2 leper hospitals: at D'Arcy Island, B.C., and
Tracadie, N.B., with 13 patients on March 31, 1920.
Canada has created an antelope preserve, in Alberta, with.
100 animals of the total existing, 800-900.
Canada's new farthest north Royal Canadian Mounted
Police post has been set up at extreme north of Baffin 's Land.
Canada has 400,000 miles of roads. Canadian Government
voted $20,000,000 for good roads, divided among provinces
on basis of population. 17,000 miles are comprised in the
system.
Canada has five women members of Provincial Legislatures
viz: Mrs. Ralph Smith, B.C.; Mrs. L. C. McKinney, Alta.;
Miss R. C. McAdams, Alta.; Mrs. Rodgers, Man.; Mrs. Nellie
McClung, Alta,
'd,
-
THE BOOKSHOP OF
Upper Canada Tract Society
JAS. M. ROBERTSON, - Depositary,
8-10 Richmond Street East, Toronto.
Gift Books Children's Books
Bibles , Children's Bible Picture Books
Hymn Books Religious arid Theological
Books
Devotional Books Sunday School Supplies
TELEPHONE MAIN 7952.
1 LEADING CANADIAN SEEDSMAN"
RENNIE'S
1922
S E E D S FC
OUR CATALOGUE —
Is larger and better than ever. Several splendid
new varieties. Over 50 years the leading au-
thority on Vegetable, Flower and Farm Seeds,
Plants and Bulbs. You need it before you
decide what kinds to plant. Send for your
copy to-day.
LlMITKD
Cor. King & Market, TORONTO
Also at Montreal, Winnipeg and Vancouver
TELEPHONE ADELAIDE 102
PRINTING
That Gets Results
16 JOHNSON STREET TORONTO
MANUFACTURES— Canada has 373 different kinds.
EX-SERVICE MEN— 25,000 from Great Britain have
been aided in settling in Canada, up to October, 1921.
HOUSING. — Estimated that 14,000 dwellings built in
Canada in 1921, 11,000 in 1920; 20,000 are needed annu-
ally, with shortage at present of Ifi5,000.
You Want a Tailor
that will give you a distinguished appearance
and make your clothes the envy of your friends.
You will find that kind of service here.
Our reputation for style and accuracy in
fitting is second to none.
The quality.of all our material is excellent
too, which surprises you when you hear our
prices.
Berkinshaw & Collier
316 Yonge Street.
ESTABLISHED 1885.
Our Splendid Equipment is at Your Service*
Send your orders to
P. R. Wilson Printing Co.
122 Richmond Street West
TORONTO
for
FINE BOOKLETS AND MAGAZINES
and
COMMERCIAL PRINTING.
ORDERS PROMPTLY ATTENDED TO.
Telephone!: A. W. Wardill
Main 2377 Manager
Main 2378
tShe Bryant Press
LIMITED
Printers
Publishers J3< to I33 J*rvis St-
(He Specialize Toronto * Canada
In I?eel cickefs
Wanting Material
On Canada?
\Y7e have published scores of volumes covering
** various phrases of Canadian life,
history and literature. These are .listed in a
new vest-pocket-size illustrated catalogue of
"Canadian Authors' Books" which we will be
glad to send you on request. It includes
such books as
E. B. BIGGAR'S Hydro-Electric Development In Ontario $2.00
W. S. HERRINQTON'S Evolution of tbe PralrU Provinces 76c
JOHN McDOUQAL'8 On Western Trails In the Early
Seventies $1.00
We can supply any book on Canada
which is in print
THE RYERSON PRESS
PUBLISHERS
TORONTO - ONTARIO.
The BROWN BROTHERS
Limited
Manufacturing Stationery
Account Books
Loose Leaf Systems
Memorandum Books
I-P. Loose Leaf Memo Books
Stationery, Etc.
Simcoe Photo Albums
Simcoe and Pearl Streets
TORONTO
WE BUY VICTORY BONDS
Paying the current net prices for coupon bearer
and registered bonds.
WE SELL VICTORY BONDS
Place your Order to Buy with us and it will be
promptly filled at the lowest price prevailing when
it is received. We have adequate organization and
specialized knowledge. We promise efficient and
courteous service.
Victory Bonds are among Canada's best and safest
negotiable assets.
W. L. McKINNON & CO.
Government and Municipal Bonds
McKinnon Bldg. - Toronto
Telephone Adelaide 3870.
W. L. MeKlNNON DEAN H. PETTES
The Imperial Guarantee &
Accident Insurance Co*
OF CANADA
Head Office— 22 Victoria St., Toronto
Authorized Capital - Sl.OOO.OOO
Subscribed Capital - 1,OOO,OOO
Paid Up Capital - 2OO.OOO
Government Deposit 181.OOO
GIVE IMPERIAL PROTECTION IN THKIR
Commercial p|ate Q|
Burglary
BRANCH OFFICES :
Canada Life Bldg., Cramer & Co., Union Trust Bid*.,
Montreal. Qxie. Vancouver. B.C. Winnipeg, Man.
Canada Life Bldg., Calgary, Alta.
W. F. Kempton, Yarmouth, N.S. Wm Bingham. Monct.n, N.B.
E. WILLANS. Managing Director FRANK W. COX. Stcntary
Dependable
bwestmentr
AE Ames
Members Toronto ^Montreal
Stock Exchaiujfes
Govern ment . Municipal ^Corporation
Securities
53 JOn^ St.^fest.— -Toronto.
Tcmspotlation Bld^-Montreal
74 Broads/ay. — New\brk,
BdmontHouse,- — Wctoria.B.C
Harris Trust Bld^- - —
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